PMID- 7230321 TI - The nuclear shell in HeLa cell nuclei: whole-mount electron microscopy of the dissociated and isolated nuclear periphery. PMID- 7230322 TI - Cell junctions between spermatozoa flagella within the spermatozeugmata of Tubifex tubifex (Annelida: Oligochaeta). PMID- 7230323 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of the motile apparatus of the aflagellate spermatozoon of macrostomum tubum. PMID- 7230324 TI - Formation of junctions in regenerating hydra: gap junctions. PMID- 7230326 TI - Integration of adenovirus type 2 DNA at a limited number of cellular sites in productively infected cells. AB - Several experimental findings supported the notion that adenovirus type 2 DNA is covalently linked to cellular DNA in productively infected human cells. Although the significance of this linkage for the process of viral replication is unknown, the recombination of viral DNA with host DNA may simply reflect the efficacy of the recombination systems in mammalian cells. In this report, evidence is presented for the existence of selective sites of recombination between viral and host DNAs. These sites are presumably located in repetitive sequences of cellular DNA. All parts of the viral genome appear to be represented in the recombinant form. PMID- 7230325 TI - Comparative analysis: intracellular precursor polyproteins of baboon endogenous retroviruses and human viral isolate HL23V. AB - Intracellular precursor polyproteins of three baboon endogenous retrovirus (BaEV) isolates, m7, 455K, and BILN, were compared with the intracellular proteins of the type C human isolated HL23V by radioimmunoprecipitation, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and tryptic peptide analysis. Human and canine cells infected with m7-BaEV and canine thymus cells infected with BILN-BaEV were characterized by identical precursor polyproteins Pr85gag, Pr70-71gag, Pr65gag, and gPr85env. Canine cells infected with 455K-BaEV consistently showed a slightly different pattern of precursor polyproteins. These included Pr85gag, Pr70gag, Pr67gag, and gPR85env. By tryptic digest mapping of peptides containing [3H]leucine, m7-BaEV and 455K-BaEV were shown to be highly related. By comparison, mapping studies showed that BILN-BaEV was less highly related to m7-BaEV than ws 455K-BaEV. Differences in these related BaEV isolates presumably reflected virus-specific differential cleavage of core protein precursors or alterations in polyprotein primary structure or both. Chase incubated cells infected with BaEV also contained a stable, p28-related polyprotein termed P72gag. This polyprotein migrated upon sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis slightly slower than the major core protein precursor Pr70-71gag and appeared to arise by posttranslational modification of Pr70-71gag. Immunoprecipitation of extracts of HL23V-infected cells with antisera to simian sarcoma-simian-associated virus proteins and BaEV proteins confirmed that these cells contained two unrelated viral components, one that was similar to m7-BaEV or BILN-BaEV and a second that was related to simian sarcoma-simian associated virus. Tryptic digest mapping of BaEV and HL23V prcursor polyproteins suggested that the BaEV-like component of HL23V weas more closely related to m7 BaEV than to 455K-BaEV or BILN-BaEV. PMID- 7230327 TI - New genes in the left arm of the bacteriophage phi 80 chromosome. AB - We describe the isolation and partial genetic characterization of 247 amber (suppressor-sensitive) mutants of temperate bacteriophage phi 80 of Escherichia coli. Of these 247 mutants, the mutations of 201 mapped to the left arm of the phi 809 chromosome and the mutations of 39 mapped to the right arm of the genome. Complementation tests among these and previously described left arm mutants defined five additional genes in the left arm of the chromosome. The positions of these genes are consistent with the hypothesis that four of them represent functions essential for phi 80 tail assembly and one represents a capsid assembly function, probably the major coat protein. The identification of these genes brings the phi 80 genome into closer correspondence with the organization of the phage lambda genome. Two- and three-factor crosses performed between mutants with defects in each of the previously identified genes and mutants with defects in the five new genes allowed us to construct a consistent, roughly additive recombination map of the left arm of the bacteriophage phi 80 genome. PMID- 7230328 TI - Ultrasonic velocimetry in resection of renal arteriovenous fistulas and other intrarenal surgical procedures. AB - The Doppler velocimetry is considered to be useful frequently and indispensable occasionally for intrarenal surgery. Current equipment is relatively inexpensive, the operation is technically simple and maintenance is minimal. The instrument provides an instantaneous appraisal of the precise location of a blood vessel and some characteristics of blood flow with a facility unlikely to be achieved with any other technique. It is important that the limitations of current instruments be appreciated since the concepts of the procedure and current instrumentation are deceptively conductive to expectations beyond their capability. PMID- 7230329 TI - Advances in intraoperative renal radiography: 3-dimensional radiography of the kidney. AB - A renal contact chassis that allows for the discovery of the smallest calculi and calcifications is described. The corrected images are far superior to commercially available plates and there is less radiation exposure to the patient and staff of the operating room. The bases have been established for intraoperative, 3-dimensional radiographic exploration of the kidney, which presently has not been achieved and is no doubt of great significance in operations for lithiasis. The technique represents a decisive aid for the intraoperative localization of residual calculi that allows for complete removal with a minimum of trauma to the kidney. PMID- 7230330 TI - Horseshoe kidney and urolithiasis. PMID- 7230331 TI - Primary neoplasms of the ureter. AB - The role of tobacco as a carcinogenic agent should be considered in ureteral carcinoma. In our study 77 per cent of the patients had a history of smoking, with an average of 50 packs a year consumption. Various studies have shown that the prognosis for ureteral carcinoma is related primarily to the grade and stage of the disease at the time of treatment. Therefore, it is imperative that the clinician maintain a high index of suspicion. This index of suspicion should be heightened in any patient with lower tract urothelial tumors. In addition to endoscopic followup excretory urography should be done on an annual basis, with retrograde studies when necessary. Ureteral brush biopsies or tissue obtained with the Dormia basket may be diagnostic. A Dormia stone basket was used in 3 patients in our study and sufficient tissue for diagnosis was obtained in each case. No complications were encountered. The results obtained in treating a primary leiomyosarcoma of the ureter are noteworthy in that complete remission of pulmonary metastases was obtained after the patient received a course of doxorubicin hydrochloride and dimethyl-triazeno imidazole carboxamide. PMID- 7230332 TI - Prognostic factors in carcinoma of the ureter. AB - The records and pathological slides of 60 patients with ureteral cancer were reviewed with particular attention being paid to the tumor-adjacent mucosa. Mucosal abnormalities increased as grade and stage increased but their presence did not correlate with survival nor with the presence of urothelial tumors elsewhere, that is previous, concomitant and subsequent tumors. Patients with papillary and solid tumors survived equally well. Survival among patients with stage B tumors was better than that reported previously (82 per cent survived 5 years). PMID- 7230333 TI - Lack of value of routine preoperative bone and liver scans in cystectomy candidates. AB - A retrospective review of 341 patients with bladder cancer revealed 58 candidates for cystectomy. These patients were evaluated preoperatively by radionuclide bone and/or liver scans in an attempt to increase the accuracy of clinical staging. In the face of a normal history, physical examination, liver function tests or serum alkaline phosphatase routine preoperative bone and liver scans in cystectomy candidates did not contribute significantly to clinical staging or choice of treatment. Since liver and bone scans add significantly to the cost of the illness their use should not be routine but reserved only for those special cases when they are indicated. PMID- 7230334 TI - Critical evaluation of 1-stage cystectomy--reducing morbidity and mortality. AB - Although it is a major surgical effort removal of the bladder can be done with reasonable safety. In our opinion cystectomy and urinary diversion by an ileal conduit can be performed as a conjoined procedure without need for staging to reduce risks. Mortality up to 3 months postoperatively was 3.9 per cent and the major complication rate for surviving patients was 18.6 per cent. Minor complications occurred in 28.7 per cent of all patients but were treated easily. We did not note increased morbidity after radical cystectomy compared to other types of cystectomy. A higher complication rate was noted in patients who had undergone preoperative radiation treatment, and wound infection rate was higher in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction and chronic cystitis. The advantages of 1-stage compared to 2-stage cystectomy would include the fact that it eliminates the need for a second operation, saves considerable expense by virtue of shortened hospitalization and an earlier resumption of the patient's productivity, achieves early removal of the malignancy, decreases the chances of infection by avoiding a second laparotomy in the presence of a stoma and allows better exposure in the absence of previous ureteroileal anastomoses. PMID- 7230335 TI - Compatibility of genitourinary prostheses and intermittent self-catheterization. AB - The compatibility of genitourinary prostheses and intermittent self catheterization was established in 13 prosthetic recipients who were concomitantly on intermittent self-catheterization for bladder emptying dysfunction. All patients were able to catheterize themselves successfully after implantation of the prosthesis. No prosthetic infection was encountered in our series. Two penile prosthetic recipients suffered unilateral epididymitis that was treated successfully. Although mechanical complications were encountered they were repaired readily and were not considered related to self-catheterization. PMID- 7230337 TI - Three episodes of nosocomial urinary tract infections caused by one O-serotype of Providencia stuartii. AB - The results of O-serotyping Providencia stuartii isolates in a general hospital showed that 43 isolates were the same serotype (063) and were from 15 patients located in 1 or 2 adjacent wards. On retrospective examination it was found that the series of infections occurred during a 9-month period and could be separated into 3 episodes, involving 7, 6 and 2 patients. All patients who acquired the Providencia stuartii 063 strain were catheterized. The introduction of the strain into the hospital was attributed to a patient catheterized before admission from an institution in which the 063 strain had been identified previously. Antibiotic irrigation was not successful in eliminating Providencia stuartii from the urine and the procedure may be a predisposing factor in preferentially selecting strains of this species. PMID- 7230336 TI - Comparison of estramustine phosphate and vincristine alone or in combination for patients with advanced, hormone refractory, previously irradiated carcinoma of the prostate. AB - There were 121 men with hormonally refractory metastatic cancer of the prostate who were randomized to receive estramustine phosphate or vincristine, or the combination of these 2 agents. All patients had received prior radiation therapy (greater than 2,000 rad). There were 90 patients who could be compared for response. The objective response rates (partial regression or stabilization of disease) for the 3 treatment groups were 26 per cent for estramustine phosphate, 24 per cent for estramustine phosphate plus vincristine and 15 per cent for vincristine. Subjective parameters varied little among the 3 regimens. The median duration of response for those responding to estramustine phosphate was similar (20 weeks) to that for vincristine (22 weeks) and greater than that for the combination (13 weeks). The probability of survival did not differ significantly for patients randomized to each of the 3 regimens. The addition of vincristine to estramustine phosphate did not enhance the response rate achieved by estramustine phosphate alone and vincristine alone produced the lowest response rate. Estramustine phosphate continues to be the most active agent in previously irradiated patients with hormonally refractory metastatic cancer of the prostate. PMID- 7230338 TI - Foot switch photography with a lecture scope in cystourethroscopy. AB - Photography during cystourethroscopy has been made lighter and easier with a new system involving a special lecture scope and a 16 mm. camera. With this system endoscopic photographs can be made by pushing a foot pedal. Therefore, the system allows for free movement and full control of the cystourethroscope. Bright and sharp photographs are produced, making them useful in the diagnosis of a case. In addition, the same view can be observed by an operator and an assistant simultaneously. PMID- 7230339 TI - Urodynamic localization of isolated bladder neck obstruction in men: studies with micturitional vesicourethral static pressure profile. AB - Micturitional vesicourethral static pressure profile, a method of recording the static (lateral) component of voiding pressure in the successive urethral segments contiguous with the bladder, has allowed us to establish directly the site and degree of bladder outlet obstruction in 16 men. The diagnosis of isolated bladder neck obstruction was confirmed with greater confidence by using this technique with a 10F trilumen catheter in conjunction with uroflowmetry and radiologic studies. Repeat studies with a 5F single lumen catheter have suggested that the obstructions recognized with the 10F catheter ware not entirely artifactual. Our experience with this technique in several men with non neurogenic bladder neck obstruction indicates the importance of including this study in the urodynamic armamentarium. PMID- 7230340 TI - Combined radiographic and urodynamic monitoring: advances in technique. PMID- 7230341 TI - Management of initial pyeloplasty failure. PMID- 7230342 TI - Early hypospadias repair. PMID- 7230343 TI - An analysis of different techniques for distal hypospadias repair: the price of perfection. AB - We discuss the risks of total surgical correction of distal hypospadias with chordee, review 42 such cases and analyze 4 common surgical procedures that were used. The over-all complication rate was 16.6 per cent (7 of 42), with 9.5 per cent (4 of 42) of the cases requiring addition urethral reconstruction. All complications occurred following procedures designed to extend the urethral meatus to the tip of the glans (Horton-Devine 5 of 15 and Ombredanne 2 of 8). In contrast, no complications occurred following urethral advancement or Allen Spence repairs (0 of 19). The physician and family should be aware of the increased risk attendant with total anatomical urethral correction in contrast to less extensive surgery, which gives an excellent functional result with minimal risk. PMID- 7230344 TI - Experience with the Belt-Fuqua hypospadias repair. AB - From 1977 through 1979, 30 patients underwent complete repair of hypospadias using a modification of the Belt-Fuqua technique. Only those patients with distal and mid shaft hypospadias and chordee were included in this series. Three patients had undergone previous attempts at repair by other methods. The mean age at the time of repair was 6.4 years, with a range of 1 to 18 years. The over-all complication rate was 10 per cent (3 of 30), with 2 fistulas (6.6 per cent) and 1 distal stricture (3 per cent). All patients had an excellent functional result. The absence of midline scars and the glandular meatus resulted in a superior cosmetic appearance. The reliability of this technique, as well as the functional and cosmetic results, warrant consideration in the selection of a procedure for hypospadias repair. PMID- 7230345 TI - The Denis Browne repair for hypospadias: a review of 14 years of consecutive experience. PMID- 7230346 TI - The bladder mucosal graft technique for hypospadias repair. AB - A technique for the repair of severe hypospadias is described. The essential features include a chordee release and cosmetic repair of the previously tethered penis, the construction of a new urethra using bladder mucosa in a subcutaneous tunnel and an oblique anastomosis of the graft and true urethra as deep within the shaft of the penis as possible. One stricture has developed with this technique and meatal stenosis requiring dilation remains a minor problem. However, the over-all results of this technique appear to be good. The use of bladder mucosal grafts in cases in which previous repairs have failed or in which adequate foreskin for urethral reconstruction is lacking is feasible and has been performed successfully in adults. THe combination of a chordee release and bladder mucosal inlay graft as a single stage procedure in a small child has not yet been attempted. PMID- 7230347 TI - Endoscopic management of urethral strictures in children. AB - The management of urethral strictures in children prior to urethroplasty has involved dilation and internal urethrotomy. Low success rates with these modalities led to the evaluation of visual urethrotomy and intralesional steroid injection. Of 12 patients so managed 10 achieved an excellent result, with 2 classified as having good results initially. These 2 cases were ultimately converted into the excellent category following repeat procedures. Non-invasive urinary flow rates proved invaluable in the management and assessment of these patients, and the success of their treatment. PMID- 7230348 TI - Clinicopathological conference. Primary renal or pulmonary tumor--a diagnostic dilemma. PMID- 7230349 TI - Genitourinary neurofibromas: clinical significance. AB - We describe 2 unusual cases of genitourinary neurofibromas. In 1 case a large solitary neurofibroma developed on the glans penis and in the other case a plexiform neurofibroma of the pelvis was present in young women with von Recklinghausen's disease. Each case represents either end of the spectrum of urologic involvement by this rare tumor. The solitary neurofibroma requires only local excision but the plexiform neurofibroma, causing urinary obstruction, necessitates urinary diversion. Recurrence and malignant degeneration, while virtually unheard of in the former, are relatively common in the latter. The prognosis of each type is discussed. PMID- 7230350 TI - Shunt nephritis. AB - Nephritis associated with a chronically infected ventriculoatrial shunt is known as shunt nephritis. To our knowledge, we report the first case of shunt nephritis in a child with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopic findings in our patient were characteristic of shunt nephritis. The immune complex pathogenesis of the disease is discussed. Urologists involved in the management of children with myelodysplasia and neurogenic bladders should be alert to this renal complication. PMID- 7230351 TI - Emphysematous pyelonephritis in a solitary kidney. AB - A middle-aged female diabetic presented with ureteral obstruction, renal failure and emphysematous pyelonephritis in a solitary kidney. She was treated non operatively with intensive antimicrobial therapy, prolonged ureteral catheter drainage and dialysis. Good recovery of renal architecture and function was eventually obtained. Although the usual indications for surgical extirpation or drainage of the kidney with emphysematous pyelonephritis seem to be well established circumstances may occasionally dictate an alternative course of action. PMID- 7230352 TI - Ovarian vein syndrome: a case report. PMID- 7230353 TI - Interposition of an ileal segment for repair of ureteral injuries. PMID- 7230354 TI - Leiomyoma of the bladder and urethra. PMID- 7230355 TI - Anterior urethral polyps: an unusual cause of hematuria in a child. PMID- 7230356 TI - Periurethral myxoid neurofibroma. PMID- 7230357 TI - Ultrasound and nuclear medicine evaluation in acute testicular trauma. PMID- 7230358 TI - Acute scrotal swelling: a physical sign of primary peritonitis. PMID- 7230359 TI - Do prostaglandins cause the infertility of endometriosis? PMID- 7230360 TI - Animal rights group awards research grant. PMID- 7230361 TI - Botulism: lingering puzzle. PMID- 7230362 TI - Music therapy a growing field. PMID- 7230363 TI - Osteonecrosis and scintigraphic evaluation. PMID- 7230364 TI - Osteonecrosis vs transient osteoporosis. PMID- 7230365 TI - Psychiatric status after hysterectomy. PMID- 7230366 TI - Coin rubbing and related folk medicine. PMID- 7230367 TI - Reducing casualties in nuclear war. PMID- 7230368 TI - Objective pathological diagnosis of coal worker's pneumoconiosis. AB - Pertinent pathological features of lungs obtained at autopsies from 99 coal miners were compared with those observed in the lungs of 268 male town dwellers of comparable age who were not occupationally related to the coal mining or other industries at risk for development of pneumoconiosis. The degree of anthracotic pigment deposition and severity of type of pigmented lesion with its accompanying reticulum fiber formation and fibrosis were significantly greater in lungs of miners. There was a high degree of overlap in degree of pigment deposition, particularly those quantitated as grades 1 and 2 and in lesions regarded as types 1 and 2. The greatest divergence was observed for prevalence of nodular pulmonary lesions (type 4). There was also a considerable divergence in the type 3 alteration characterized by nonnodular aggregates of carbon-laden macrophages accompanied by minimal reactive fibrosis. It appears that an objective pathological diagnosis of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) can be rendered only by the demonstration of type 4 lesions. Approximately 25% of coal miners exhibited unequivocal features of CWP. No significant differences concerning incidence or types of emphysema or frequency of chronic cor pulmonale were encountered between the two populations. PMID- 7230369 TI - Pneumococcal septicemia in children with sickle cell anemia. Changing trend of survival. AB - Streptococcus pneumoniae infection has been the predominant cause of death among children with sickle cell anemia (SS). We report our observed change in the pattern of progression of septicemia to meningitis and death in nonimmunized SS children who were not receiving prophylactic penicillin in the face of a persistently high incidence of pneumococcal disease. Of 233 SS children less than ages 6 years observed for 781 person-years, the overall incidence rate of pneumococcal septicemia was 5.9 episodes per 100 person-years. Prior to July 1972, of 23 children who had pneumococcal septicemia, eight (35%) died and meningitis developed in 15 (65%), whereas since July 1972, 11 children have had pneumococcal septicemia, but no children died and meningitis developed in only two (18%). This decrease in major morbidity is attributed to the establishment of a clinical program that provides close medical supervision of the SS child with fever and the rapid institution of parenteral antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7230370 TI - An era of stress for health institutions. The 1980s. AB - The United States enters the 1980s beset with serious economic problems. The picture currently projected from long-term economic forecasts supplemented by national opinion polls for the early to mid-1980s suggests a downturn in our nation's economy and a sharp decrease in monies available for further growth or improvements in America's medical care system. These prospects have serious implications for many of America's most important health care institutions, their health professionals, and how plan for the future. PMID- 7230371 TI - Intra-arterial alprostadil for nonatherosclerotic vasculopathy. AB - A 33-year-old man with a nonatherosclerotic vasculopathy of undetermined origin had progressive occlusive disease of the lower limb vessels. The resultant severe rest pain and ischemic ulceration of his foot were inoperable and unresponsive to conventional drug therapy. Treatment was begun with intra-arterially administered alprostadil (prostaglandin E1), a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Although immediate benefit was equivocal, his rest pain had disappeared six weeks after infusion, and the ischemic ulcer almost healed completely. Blood flow studies showed increased flow to the feet, consistent with the subjective improvement. The beneficial effect of alprostadil suggests that further studies with this agent are warranted for patients with nonatherosclerotic vasculopathy. PMID- 7230373 TI - Violence begins at home. PMID- 7230372 TI - Verapamil administration in variant angina pectoris. Efficacy shown by ecg monitoring. AB - Six patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina were treated with oral verapamil administration. Before and after the initiation of therapy, ambulatory ECG monitoring was performed to assess objectively the response to therapy. With verapamil administration, the frequency of both chest pain and transient ST segment deviations was sharply diminished. PMID- 7230374 TI - Prevention of coronary heart disease. PMID- 7230376 TI - Nerve cells in organotypic cultures. PMID- 7230375 TI - Urinary tact obstruction. Current methods of evaluation. PMID- 7230377 TI - Exercise testing soon after uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Prognostic value and safety. AB - Modified exercise testing within three weeks of an acute myocardial infarction has been shown to be both a safe and feasible means for identifying patients at greater risk for subsequent cardiac events. An abnormal ECG and symptomatic response to exercise correlates with a higher morbidity and mortality. An ST segment depression as well as angina are associated with a higher risk of recurrent ischemia and death. Elevation of the ST segment as well as inappropriately high heart rates and early development of fatigue and dyspnea are seen in patients with compromised left ventricular function. Exercise-induced premature ventricular contractions raise the possibility of increased sudden death. Patients identified to be at increased risk can be considered for more intensive medical or surgical treatment to reduce their morbidity and mortality. Patients considered to be at low risk can be spared needless invasive studies and unwarranted restriction of their physical activity. Patients may also accrue psychological benefit from these stress-test procedures. PMID- 7230378 TI - Dealing with sexual problems of cancer patients. PMID- 7230380 TI - Uses of ultraviolet light. PMID- 7230379 TI - Gardner-Diamond syndrome. PMID- 7230381 TI - Nitrous oxide in prehospital care. PMID- 7230382 TI - Effect of methoxsalen photochemotherapy on cost of treatment for psoriasis. An example of technological assessment. AB - In 1974 a new therapy that employs methoxsalen and ultraviolet A irradiation (PUVA) was introduced as an outpatient treatment for severe psoriasis. To study the effect of this therapy on the cost of treatment, we documented for 1,320 patients two major components of cost--hospitalization and PUVA treatments. When the one-year period before initiation of PUVA therapy was compared with a one year period after initiation of PUVA therapy, average hospital days per person per year declined 77% (5.1 vs 1.2). This decrease in hospitalization was most notable among patients who continued to use PUVA therapy. Largely offsetting the reduction in cost from reduced hospitalization was the cost of PUVA treatments. Our data confirm the previously known effectiveness of PUVA therapy, and they provide no support for the hypothesis that PUVA substantially increases the cost of treating patients with severe psoriasis. PMID- 7230383 TI - Hypothyroidism and depression. Evidence from complete thyroid function evaluation. AB - To evaluate the relationship between hypothyroidism and depression, thyroid function was evaluated in 250 consecutive patients referred to a psychiatric hospital for treatment of depression or anergia. Twenty of the 250 patients had some degree of hypothyroidism. Two patients (less than 1%) were identified with grade 1 (overt); nine patients (3.6%), grade 2 (mild); and ten patients (4%), grade 3 (subclinical) hypothyroidism. These results suggest that a significant proportion of patients with depression and anergia may have early hypothyroidism, the cases of about half of which are detected only by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) testing. Because hypothyroidism can produce signs and symptoms of depression and can coexist as a second illness in depressed patients, patients with early hypothyroidism may be candidates for thyroid replacement therapy. Clinical examination and measurement of triiodothyronine resin uptake thyroxine and baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and TSH response to TRH are necessary to identify candidates for thyroid replacement among cases diagnosed by descriptive criteria as having either major or minor depression, particularly those that are atypical or treatment resistant. PMID- 7230384 TI - Citrobacter diversus brain abscess and meningitis in neonates. AB - Brain abscess is an infrequent complication of meningitis, including cases caused by Gram-negative enteric bacteria in neonates. Because brain abscesses recently developed in four of five neonates with Citrobacter diversus meningitis at one institution, we reviewed cases of C diversus meningitis reported in the literature and those enrolled in the Neonatal Meningitis Cooperative Study Groups and reported to the Centers for Disease Control. Seventy-four cases in neonates were identified, and a brain abscess had developed in 41 (77%) of 53 patients for whom the information was available. This high frequency indicates the need for rapid diagnosis of this complication of C diversus meningitis. PMID- 7230385 TI - Arteriovenous fistula masquerading as valvular heart disease. PMID- 7230386 TI - Witchcraft and lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7230387 TI - Use of cholestyramine resin in digitoxin toxicity. PMID- 7230388 TI - Whatever happened to the chief complaint? PMID- 7230389 TI - Obstruction of vertebral artery in a 43-year-old man. PMID- 7230390 TI - Cholestatic jaundice in adults. Algorithms for diagnosis. PMID- 7230391 TI - The Y chromosome and primary sexual differentiation. AB - The mammalian Y chromosome plays a dominant role in initiating fetal testicular differentiation. Testicular differentiating genes on the Y chromosome can be serologically detected as H-Y antigen. The correlation of numerical and structural abnormalities of the X and Y chromosomes, combined with H-Y antigen reactivity, gonadal histology, and phenotype, has contributed to mapping the locus of these genes on the Y chromosome and has elucidated some of the mechanisms responsible for anomalous primary sexual differentiation. The causes for failure of gonadal differentiation despite the presence of a Y chromosome or for testicular differentiation in the absence of a detectable Y are discussed. Evidence is presented for genes on the X chromosome that regulate the activity of testicular differentiating genes on the Y chromosome. PMID- 7230392 TI - Labeling of neurons by intracellular injection of fluorescent dyes. PMID- 7230394 TI - Improved tracking of penicillin allergies. PMID- 7230393 TI - New twist in possible relationship between vasectomy, atherosclerosis. PMID- 7230395 TI - Complement-induced granulocyte aggregation. Importance in myocardial infarction and shock lung. PMID- 7230397 TI - Pneumococcus vaccine and diabetes. PMID- 7230396 TI - Maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 7230398 TI - Haptoglobin and hemolytic disease. PMID- 7230399 TI - New Jersey or Massachusetts? PMID- 7230400 TI - Iron stores in blood donors. AB - A high frequency of donations by some blood donors has prompted concern about iron depletion. Five hundred sixteen female and 505 male donors were examined by measurements of hemoglobin, hematocrit, plasma iron, total iron-binding capacity, and ferritin values and detailed histories of iron ingestion, pregnancy and menstrual status, and past blood donations. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum iron studies, unlike ferritin values, were not sensitive indicators of body iron depletion. Reduced iron stores were found in 8% of male and 23% of female donors. Menstruation significantly lowered iron stores in women. The total number of lifetime donations was not as predictive of decreased iron stores as frequency of donations per year. Even casual iron supplementation reduced the impact of donations on iron stores. Administration of iron to donors, especially menstruating women, should be studied by blood programs. PMID- 7230401 TI - Clinical investigations with medical devices. New rules. PMID- 7230402 TI - Low cholesterol level as risk factor for noncoronary death in middle-aged men. AB - Eighty-six deaths occurred zero to five years (mean, 2.5 years) after the screening investigation in 10,000 middle-aged men in Malmo, Sweden. The men were 47 to 50 years old at the time of the screening and represented 75% of their total birth-year cohorts in Malmo. The mortality showed two peaks, one at the higher end of the cholesterol distribution and the other and more pronounced one at the lower end of the cholesterol distribution. The first peak corresponded to the cardiovascular deaths while the second peak corresponded to the noncoronary death causes, including alcohol-related deaths. PMID- 7230403 TI - The febrile response in acute otitis media. PMID- 7230404 TI - Cholesterol, coronary disease, and cancer. PMID- 7230405 TI - An update on radionuclide imaging in hepatobiliary disease. PMID- 7230406 TI - The argon laser for cutaneous lesions. AB - A summary of the pathophysiology and clinical use of the argon laser in the treatment of cutaneous lesions is presented. The nonionizing blue-green argon laser light is absorbed by pigment, is converted to heat, and selectively destroys specific cutaneous lesions with sparing of adjacent dermal appendages and healing of the laser wound with minimal scarring. Vascular lesions (port wine hemangioma, capillary-cavernous hemangioma, telangiectasia), inflammatory lesions (pyogenic granuloma), nevoid lesions, tattoo lesions, and a variety of miscellaneous lesions have been successfully treated. PMID- 7230407 TI - Eye care for the diabetic patient. PMID- 7230408 TI - Treatment of pump failure in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7230409 TI - Contempo '81. Trends in regulation and development of new drugs. PMID- 7230410 TI - Contempo '81. The changing structure of medical group practice in the United States, 1969 to 1980. PMID- 7230411 TI - The challenge of CONTEMPO. PMID- 7230412 TI - Contempo '81. Anesthesiology. PMID- 7230413 TI - Contempo '81. Dermatology. PMID- 7230414 TI - Contempo '81. Editing. PMID- 7230415 TI - Contempo '81. Emergency medicine. PMID- 7230417 TI - Contempo '81. Family practice. PMID- 7230416 TI - Contempo '81. Ethics. PMID- 7230419 TI - Contempo '81. Genetics. PMID- 7230418 TI - Contempo '81. Geriatrics. PMID- 7230420 TI - Contempo '81. Hematology. PMID- 7230421 TI - Contempo '81. Internal medicine: cardiology. PMID- 7230422 TI - Contempo '81. Immunology. PMID- 7230423 TI - Contempo '81. Nephrology. PMID- 7230424 TI - Contempo '81. Neurology. PMID- 7230425 TI - Contempo '81. Nuclear medicine. The internist's view. PMID- 7230426 TI - Contempo '81. Nuclear medicine. The radiologist's view. PMID- 7230427 TI - Contempo '81. Obstetrics-gynecology. PMID- 7230428 TI - Contempo '81. Occupational medicine. PMID- 7230429 TI - Contempo '81. Ophthalmology. PMID- 7230430 TI - Contempo '81. Oncology. PMID- 7230431 TI - Contempo '81. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery. PMID- 7230432 TI - Contempo '81. Pathology. PMID- 7230433 TI - Contempo '81. Pediatrics: adolescent medicine. PMID- 7230434 TI - Contempo '81. Physical medicine and rehabilitation. PMID- 7230435 TI - Contempo '81. Public health and preventive medicine. PMID- 7230436 TI - Contempo '81. Psychiatry. PMID- 7230438 TI - Contempo '81. Therapeutic radiology. PMID- 7230437 TI - Contempo '81. Diagnostic radiology. PMID- 7230439 TI - Contempo '81. Sports medicine. PMID- 7230440 TI - Contempo '81. Surgery. PMID- 7230441 TI - Contempo '81. Neurosurgery. PMID- 7230442 TI - Contempo '81. Plastic surgery. PMID- 7230443 TI - Contempo '81. Health sciences libraries in the United States, 1969 to 1979. PMID- 7230444 TI - Contempo '81. Foods and nutrition. PMID- 7230445 TI - Dysplastic nevus syndrome, newly recognized, may herald melanoma. PMID- 7230446 TI - "Chrono-oncology" attracting interest among clinicians. PMID- 7230447 TI - Lap seat belts useful but can injure children. PMID- 7230448 TI - From the NIH: Pneumococcal vaccination for patients with Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 7230449 TI - Postoperative ulnar neuropathy. PMID- 7230450 TI - Pulmonary thromboembolism--update. PMID- 7230451 TI - Antibiotic activity in surgical incisions. PMID- 7230452 TI - Journal editors and the press: cooperation not conflict. PMID- 7230453 TI - Journal editors and the press. PMID- 7230454 TI - Leg muscle cramps. PMID- 7230455 TI - Pseudofontanelle in multiple myeloma. PMID- 7230456 TI - Thyrotoxicosis and atrial fibrillation. PMID- 7230457 TI - The economic and academic status of women physicians. PMID- 7230458 TI - Is Bendectin a teratogen? AB - We studied the first-trimester exposure to Bendectin for several major categories of birth defects among infants ascertained through the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program from 1968 to 1978. No associations were found between any of these defect categories and Bendectin exposure. An association, however, was found for the amniotic bands cases--a subgroup of limb reductions. We stratified our data to reflect the 1976 change in formulation when one of the three ingredients was removed. An association was found between esophageal atresia and the three-ingredient product and another between encephalocele and the two ingredient product. These statistical associations do not establish a causal relationship between Bendectin and the birth defects we studied. Furthermore, even if the associations are causal, the implied risk is extremely low, approximately one in 1,000 births. PMID- 7230459 TI - Birth defects related to bendectin use in pregnancy. I. Oral clefts and cardiac defects. AB - The risk of birth defects previously associated with Bendectin use in early pregnancy were evaluated in a case-control study of malformed infants whose mothers were interviewed in three regional centers; 98 infants with isolated cleft palate (CP), 221 with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL +/- CP), and 122 with selected heart defects (HD) were compared with 970 other malformed infants who served as controls. Relative risk estimates (with their 95% confidence limits) for first-trimester exposure to Bendectin were as follows: CP, 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5); CL +/- CP, 0.6 (0.4 to 0.8); and HD, 1.0 (0.6 to 1.6). Allowance for a large number of potentially confounding factors did not materially influence the risk estimates. These findings suggest that early in utero exposure to Bendectin does not appreciably increase the risk of oral clefts or selected cardiac defects. PMID- 7230460 TI - Hospitalization rates in vasectomized men. AB - Six thousand ninety-two men who had undergone vasectomy were observed for 20,491 person-years of observation in a prepaid group practice. The incidences of first time hospitalizations for a variety of diagnoses were examined as a proxy for disease incidence rates and compared with similarly derived rates in the remaining male membership of the practice. Vasectomized men had comparatively high rates of hospitalization for a variety of diseases of the genitourinary system during the early postvasectomy period. Apart from these, there were no important, statistically convincing elevations in the new hospitalization rates among vasectomized men, as compared with those of the nonvasectomized comparison group. PMID- 7230461 TI - Human in vitro fertilization. Some legal issues. PMID- 7230463 TI - Vasectomy--a note of concern: reprise. PMID- 7230462 TI - Pseudodiphtheritic membranous pharyngitis caused by Corynebacterium hemolyticum. PMID- 7230464 TI - Evaluation of a general anesthetic. Isoflurane. PMID- 7230465 TI - Mass simulating fetal head in pelvis of a 68-year-old man. PMID- 7230466 TI - MB fraction of creatine kinase. PMID- 7230467 TI - Cryptic disseminated tuberculosis. PMID- 7230468 TI - Cyanosis and right ventricular infarction. PMID- 7230469 TI - The coming oversupply of neurologists in the 1980s. Implications for neurology and primary care. PMID- 7230470 TI - Epidemic Legionnaires' disease. Airborne transmission down a chimney. AB - Between June 18 and July 9, 1979, Legionnaires' disease (LD) developed in 13 persons who had visited a hotel complex in Wisconsin. All had visited the part of the hotel that contains the restaurants and meeting rooms (building A). Legionnaires' disease occurred in 1% who had been exclusively in the meeting rooms and in 0.1% who had eaten only at the hotel restaurants. Furthermore, 1.5% exposed to meeting room 1 and none of those exposed only to the other meeting rooms had LD. Legionella pneumophila was isolated from water in the cooling tower on top of building A. Located within 5 m downwind of the cooling-tower exhaust, a chimney with an open damper allowed cooling-tower exhaust (as demonstrated by air tracer studies) to enter meeting room 1 via the fireplace. Although cases did not occur after the cooling-tower water was treated by continuous hyperchlorination and the chimney was sealed, a seven-day lag occurred between treatment and elimination of the organism from the tower water. PMID- 7230471 TI - Nitrous oxide--oxygen sedation for minor surgery. Experience in a pediatric setting. PMID- 7230472 TI - The detection of sleep apnea in the awake patient. The 'saw-tooth' sign. AB - We studied 21 subjects, 13 of whom had the sleep apnea hypersomnolence syndrome associated with upper airway obstruction during sleep (SAHS-UAO) to determine if "saw-toothing" on the flow-volume loop was significantly associated with the phenomenon of airway occlusion during sleep. A "saw-tooth" pattern was present on the flow-volume loop in 11 of 13 subjects with SAHS-UAO. The presence of saw toothing correlated with fluttering of tissue that was visualized in the upper airway via the fiberoptic bronchoscope. The specificity of the saw-tooth pattern for SAHS-UAO was 100%. Generalized obesity may indirectly influence the presence of saw-toothing due to deposition of what appeared to be adipose tissue in the pharyngeal walls. Although the number of subjects in this study is small, saw toothing on the flow-volume loop appears to be an important aid in the diagnosis of SAHS-UAO. PMID- 7230473 TI - The professional identities of women physicians. PMID- 7230474 TI - Inadvertent intravenous administration of trivalent influenza vaccine. Confusion of vaccine cartridge with heparin flush cartridge. PMID- 7230475 TI - Effect of prostaglandin and seminal fluid on human chorioamniotic membranes. PMID- 7230476 TI - Pseudotachycardia in Holter monitoring. The potential for concealed bradycardia. PMID- 7230477 TI - Legionnaires' disease: An epidemiologic overview. PMID- 7230478 TI - Managing pain in children. PMID- 7230479 TI - Reflux nephropathy. PMID- 7230480 TI - The centinormalized unit for reporting enzyme results. A note of caution. PMID- 7230481 TI - Volvulus of the cecum and right colon. PMID- 7230482 TI - Recognition of fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7230483 TI - Postmarketing surveillance vs phase III. PMID- 7230484 TI - Prostatic acid phosphatase by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7230485 TI - Triamterene-induced nephrolithiasis. PMID- 7230486 TI - Antimyoclonic effect of sodium oxybate: clinical implications. PMID- 7230487 TI - Intercurrent hepatitis A in B viral hepatitis. PMID- 7230488 TI - Unpredictable fluctuations in serum acid phosphatase activity in prostatic cancer. AB - Repeated determinations of the elevated serum acid phosphatase activities in five patients with advanced prostatic cancer were found to be highly variable during 24 to 48 hours of observation. Samples collected every three hours had fluctuations of 44% to 97% around the 24- to 48-hour mean values. These fluctuations appeared to be random, had no apparent circadian rhythm, and were unrelated to concurrent medications or activity. These spontaneous variations indicate the need for caution when using serial serum acid phosphatase determinations as an indicator of the response of prostate cancer to therapy. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activities did not show these extreme fluctuations. PMID- 7230489 TI - The National Cancer for Health Care Technology. PMID- 7230490 TI - The testicular scan. Use in diagnosis and management of acute epididymitis. PMID- 7230492 TI - Technological assessment. PMID- 7230491 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation during rewarming following hypothermia. PMID- 7230493 TI - Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 7230494 TI - Management of trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux). AB - The initial treatment of trigeminal neuralgia is accomplished with drugs, primarily carbamazepine and occasionally phenytoin sodium. However, many patients become refractory to treatment or side effects develop such as drowsiness or ataxia. In these circumstances, surgical therapy is appropriate. At our institution, microsurgical decompression has yielded good to excellent results in 29 of 32 patients and is currently recommended for persons in good general health who are younger than 70 years. Because of the notable incidence of unpleasant dysesthesias in the face, percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy is reserved for persons whose age or general medical condition precludes craniotomy. PMID- 7230495 TI - Clinical applications of testicular radionuclide angiography and scrotal scanning. PMID- 7230496 TI - Myocardial perfusion assessed with thallium-201 and left heart volume measured by radiocardiogram at rest and during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - In coronary artery disease, non-invasive measurement of left heart volume by compartment analysis of radiocardiogram with 131 I-labeled human serum albumin (RCG) was assessed in 32 patients. Although left heart volume includes mean left atrial and ventricular volume, there was a good correlation between left heart volume and left ventricular end-diastolic volume by left cineventriculography (r = 0.94). Both thallium-201 (201 Tl) myocardial imaging and RCG were performed at rest in 87 patients and during bicycle ergometer exercise in 21 of these patients, the objective being to investigate the relationship between myocardial perfusion and left heart volume. Eighty-seven patients were divided into subgroups after 201 Tl-myocardial perfusion images at rest were studied. Left heart volume, right heart volume and total blood volume were increased and stroke volume index was decreased in proportion to the size of imaging defects (p less than 0.005, F greater than 4.07). New exercise-induced imaging defects on myocardial images correlated with the increase in left heart volume by exercise (p less than 0.001). These findings demonstrate the relationship between myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function, in the presence of bi ventricular heart failure. PMID- 7230497 TI - Clinical significance of QRS complex during ventricular pacing: a non-invasive study. AB - Fifty-seven patients with artificial pacemakers were studied from electrocardiograms (ECGs), vectorcardiograms, echocardiograms, and non-invasive techniques of systolic time intervals. Thirty-nine patients demonstrated a left bundle branch block (LBBB) pattern induced by transvenous right ventricular (RV) pacing, and 9 patients demonstrated a right bundle branch block (RBBB) pattern also induced by transvenous RV pacing. Perforation of the right ventricle or malpositioning of the catheter electrode was not recognized. Eight patients with epicardial left ventricular (LV) pacemakers showed a RBBB pattern and one showed a LBBB pattern. The maximal QRS vector of a RBBB pattern produced by RV pacing was directed leftwards and anteriorly, whereas that of a RBBB pattern produced by LV pacing was oriented rightwards and posteriorly. A rapid initial posterior motion of the left side of the interventricular septum (IVS) during early systole and/or anterior or flat motion of the IVS during the ejection period was almost exclusively indicative of RV pacing, regardless of the ECG wave form. There was one exceptional case in LV pacing, which showed a LBBB pattern with the same septal motion as that in RV pacing. However, the direction of the maximal QRS vector in this case was directed inferiorly, which is in sharp contrast to that in the RV pacing which was directed superiorly. There was no significant differences in systolic time intervals between a LBBB pattern and a RBBB pattern in RV pacing. Based on the hypothesis that the ECG wave form induced by epicardial LV pacing might be equivalent to that in a case of perforated right ventricle, the following conclusions can be drawn from the present study. (1) A RBBB pattern in RV pacing could be differentiated from perforation of the right ventricle. The following findings may suggest uncomplicated RV pacing: (a) the left and anterior orientation of the maximal QRS vector, and (b) a rapid initial posterior septal motion during the early systole and/or a paradoxical anterior septal motion during the ejection period. (2) A RBBB pattern in uncomplicated RV pacing does not require the repositioning of the catheter electrode. (3) A LBBB pattern with inferior orientation of the maximal QRS vector would suggest perforation of the right ventricle. PMID- 7230499 TI - Three main coronary arteries to pulmonary artery fistula. AB - A case of a 19-year-old woman with coronary artery fistula was reported. She was asymptomatic throughout her life. Physical examination revealed a continuous murmur along the left sternal border. Echocardiograms and left ventriculograms showed mitral valve prolapse. Selective coronary arteriograms disclosed arteriovenous fistula between branches of the right, the left anterior descending and the left circumflex coronary artery and the main pulmonary trunk. We believe that this is the first case report of an unusual form of anomalous coronary pulmonary artery communication: three main coronary vessels participate in the fistula. PMID- 7230498 TI - Regional changes in cardiac structural proteins in myocardial infarction: biochemical and histologic correlates. AB - 1. Quantitative analysis of structural proteins from a minute amount of myocardial tissue was performed from 10 mu thick cardiac tissue slices weighing 2 to 5 mg by the extraction in glycerol solution and by sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis, and these changes were compared with the histologic alterations in the striated structure of the adjacent cardiac slices in the experimental myocardial infarction in the dog. 2. Approximately 69 micrograms of structural proteins were obtained from 1 mg of the normal heart muscle. In the central portions of the myocardial infarction, reductions in myosin heavy chain (HC), light chain (LC) 1 and alpha-actinin were observed at 12 to 24 hours after the coronary occlusion followed by the decrease in myosin LC 2 at 48 hours. Those changes became intense at 72 hours to 7 days, but restored gradually at 14 to 28 days. 3. Alterations in the striated structure of cardiac muscle fibers of the adjacent tissues slices were found simultaneously with the changes in structural proteins. At 12 to 24 hours after the coronary ligation increase in eosinophilia and overstretch of cross-striation were observed. The findings of coagulation necrosis, loss of striation, fragmentation, swelling of A-band, etc. of the infarcted fibers were markedly observed at 48 hours to 7 days, but the histologic restoration of cardiac fibers was found with the recovery of the infarcted tissue at 14 to 28 days after the coronary ligation. 4. Changes in the compositions of structural proteins corresponded well to the alterations in the striated structure in chronology and in quantity. PMID- 7230500 TI - Case histories of neonates with congenital heart disease. AB - The rate of extracardiac malformation (ECM) associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) is high in neonates. 108 cases of 212 neonates with CHD had ECM (50.9%). Main ECMs were digestive system anomalies (36.1%), chromosomal aberrations (26.8%), respiratory system anomalies (21.3%), CNS anomalies (13.0%), and other (2.7%). Single lesion of left to right shunt accounted for 77.2% (61/79) of CHD with ECM from other than chromosomal aberrations. The prognosis of neonates with CHD without ECM was also studied. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, pure pulmonary atresia (PPA), pulmonary stenosis (PS), hypoplastic left heart syndrome are not generally associated with ECM, but the prognosis is poor. Coarctation complex which is sometimes associated with ECM has a poor prognosis in neonates. There is an increase of the survival rate in the patients with hypoxemia, such as PPA or severe PS, extreme tetralogy of Fallot, and tricuspid atresia, which can be managed with prostaglandin E1. PDA associated with respiratory distress syndrome is ideally treated with indomethacin. In recent years, mortality from PDA has decreased in neonates. The mortality rate during the neonatal period was 46.8% (51/109): 37.5% (30/80) died before surgical interventions and 72.4% (21/29) died during or after surgery. Half of neonatal deaths from CHD occurred within 3 days of admission. Thus, early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment of neonates with CHD is most important. PMID- 7230501 TI - Natural history and postoperative evaluation of complete transposition of the great arteries. AB - In a total of 107 cases with transposition of the great arteries (TGA-s), 20 died preoperatively and 76 underwent surgical treatment: 11 palliative and 65 primary corrective surgeries, with hospital mortality 36.4% and 46.2% respectively. Of 31 survivors after Mustard operation, tricuspid regurgitant murmur and ECG abnormalities were recognized at 26.7% and 33.3% respectively in simple TGA, and 62.5% and 37.5% respectively in complicated TGA during an average follow-up of 4 years. Angiocardiogram, performed more than 2 years postoperatively, revealed decreased ejection fraction (EF) with compensatory increase of right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV): EF 0.43 +/- 0.04, RVEDV 168 +/- 41% of normal in simple TGA and 0.36 +/- 0.12, 173 +/- 55% in complicated TGA. In 3 long-term survivors of arterial switch operation (Stansel, Kaye), no serious complications were observed, and ejection fraction and echocardiographic findings of systemic ventricle showed an earlier normalizing than in Mustard operation: EF 0.65 or more when no VSD leakage and pre-ejection period (PEP/ejection time (ET) 0.35 +/- 0.05 after switch operation, 0.45 +/- 0.05 in simple TGA and 0.47 +/- 0.07 in complicated TGA after Mustard operation. From these long-term postoperative evaluations, our policy at present is to prefer arterial switch operation to Mustard operation in corrective surgery for TGA. PMID- 7230502 TI - Natural and post-operative history of pulmonary vascular obstruction associated with ventricular septal defect. AB - The natural history of pulmonary vascular obstruction in VSD associated with PH was studied by measuring PVR before and after injection of tolazoline 1 mg/kg. Organic pulmonary vascular obstruction (PVO) was minimal in infancy, but increased linearly progressively with advancing age, and average rate of increase in PVR after tolazoline was 1 unit.m2/year. The rate of increase in PVR after tolazoline in Eisenmenger complex was variable and ranged between 0.7 to 4 unit.m2/year in most cases. Analysis of 7 cases of post-operative late death due to PVO revealed that usually these cases were over 5 years of age at operation, and pre-operative PVR was more than 12 unit.m2. Reduction of PVR was confirmed post-operatively in most of these cases whose pre-operative PVR before and after tolazoline were les than 8 unit.m2 and 7 unit.m2 respectively. Early surgical repair is indicated in VSD and PH to prevent progress of PVO. PMID- 7230503 TI - Long-term results of operated and non-operated patients with congenital heart diseases. AB - The long-term results of 1023 adult patients with congenital heart diseases, operated and non-operated, with atrial septal defect (ASD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), pulmonary stenosis (PS) and tetralogy of Fallot, were followed for up to 24 years, and the long-term results of operated and non-operated congenital heart diseases were compared. The survival rate of patients with operated isolated ASD was significantly higher than in patients with non-operated isolated ASD, and that of operated patients with VSD associated with other anomalies was also significantly higher than in non-operated VSD patients with such involvement. The survival rate showed no significant difference in the operated and non-operated patients with PDA, PS and tetralogy of Fallot. In all congenital heart diseases, there was a close correlation between the mean pulmonary artery pressure and the mortality rate both in operated and non operated patients and a marked improvement of physical capacity of operated patients at the time of the last follow-up examination. PMID- 7230504 TI - Congenital heart disease in patients over 40 ears old who have not undergone cardiac surgery. AB - The histories and medical courses were reviewed in 154 patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) ranged in age 40 to 77 years (mean 48.8 years) who had not yet undergone cardiac surgery. The CHD most commonly involved were atrial septal defect (ASD)(63.6%), ventricular septal defect (13.6%) and patent ductus arteriosus (8.4%). There were no cases of tetralogy of Fallot or of transposition of the great arteries in this study. Hemodynamic observations showed no significant correlation between the age and systolic pulmonary artery pressure in left-to-right shunt disease. Mortality due to cardiac failure was higher in patients whose systolic pulmonary artery pressure was over 50 mmHg. 91 patients had cardiac surgery and surgical mortality was 7% (6 patients). There was one late ASD death, and 46% are in good condition (NYHA I). In patients without surgery, 27% (17 patients) died of cardiac failure except one, and 11% (6 patients) are in good condition. Among factors affecting prognosis, pulmonary vascular changes are the most important, with arrhythmia and myocardial damage occurring with age, and complications like infective endocarditis and coronary sclerosis affecting prognosis adversely. PMID- 7230505 TI - Cross-sectional echocardiographic study on the mitral valve prolapse associated with secundum atrial septal defect: pre- and post-operative comparison. AB - Cross-sectional echocardiography was performed on 77 patients with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) was recognized in 41 out of the 77 (53.2%); anterior MVP was found in 36 patients, three cases revealed posterior MVP, and two were diagnosed as having both anterior and posterior MVP. Pre- and post-operative study was carried out on 53 cases; anterior MVP decreased in incidence from 28 patients to 17 following closure of ASD, whereas posterior MVP remained unchanged, as did both anterior and posterior MVP. The left ventricular distortion ratio (LVDR) was measured in the short axis view in 45 cases. After the repair of ASD, the LVDR decreased both in end-systole and end diastole (p less than 0.01), that is, the left ventricle became more circular in configuration. Pre- and post-operatively, MVP patients revealed a significantly greater LVDR than those without it in end-systole, and post-operatively in end diastole as well (p less than 0.01). Prior to operation, the short axis area of the left ventricle (LVSAA) was statistically larger in patients with MVP than without it in end-diastole (p less than 0.05). However, there existed no relationship between the presence of MVP and the pulmonic to systemic flow ratio, right ventricular dimension index, right ventricular systolic pressure and size of ASD at the time of operation. PMID- 7230506 TI - Pre- and postoperative arrhythmias in congenital heart disease: from the results of surgery using surface-induced deep hypothermia. AB - The incidence of arrhythmias in 3614 preoperative patients with congenital heart disease was 1.6 per cent. Pre- and postoperative serial ECGs in 186 patients with an isolated VSD and in 58 patients with TOF were reviewed. The incidence of CRBBB and CRBBB-LAH following VSD repair was 33% and 6.6%, respectively, and for TOF was 55% and 5.2%, respectively. Complete A-V block (CAVB) was seen in 2 patients following VSD repair, and none of TOF patients developed CAVB. Late cardiac or dysrrhythmic death was not recognized in our limited follow up period. The indications for surgery in membranous VSD should be determined more carefully, because the risk of the surgical damage to the conduction system is still higher. Moreover, we must keep in mind that damage to the A-V conduction system may occur naturally even in a patient with small VSD. Finally, it can never be overemphasized that physicians must pay attention to the occurrence and course of postoperative arrhythmias. PMID- 7230507 TI - Clinical and experimental studies of the determination of serum guanase activity in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Serum guanase activity was measured by a new method using direct colorimetric determination of ammonia in 25 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 21 dogs with experimental myocardial infarction and 6 CCl4-treated dogs, and compared with serum GOT and GPT activity. We found normal serum guanase activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction and in dogs with experimental myocardial infarction without liver damage, even when the serum GOT and GPT activities increased. On the other hand, serum guanase and transaminase activities were elevated significantly in the patients with acute myocardial infarction who had prominent symptoms of cardiac failure and congestion of the liver and CCl4-treated dogs. These findings suggested that the serum guanase activity was more specific than serum GOT and GPT activity as an indicator of liver damage and determination of serum guanase activity in the patients with acute myocardial infarction might be useful in assessing the presence of liver impairment. PMID- 7230508 TI - Noradrenaline and calcium induced tension in aortic strips of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Development of tension in aortic helical strips was studied using the male Kyoto Wistar normotensive (KNR) and age-, sex-matched spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (8 to 10 weeks) to clarify the contractile response of vascular smooth muscle in SHR. In Ca2+-containing solution, noradrenaline-induced tension was smaller in SHR than in KNR. After washing the strips with Ca2+-free EGTA solution, the tension that developed by the addition of Ca2+ was greater in SHR than in KNR. Tension induced by the combination of Ca2+ and noradrenaline was the same between the KNR and SHR. It is assumed that these differences between the KNR and SHR aortic strips may be attributed to the abnormal contractility of the vascular smooth muscle in SHR. PMID- 7230509 TI - Effects of L-carnitine on ventricular arrhythmias in dogs with acute myocardial ischemia and a supplement of excess free fatty acids. AB - The effects of L-carnitine on ventricular arrhythmias were evaluated in dogs with acute myocardial ischemia and a supplement of excess free fatty acids (FFA). Acute myocardial ischemia was induced by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. After 80 minutes of coronary occlusion, high plasma FFA was induced by intravenous injection of heparin 200 mu/kg and Intralipid 5 ml/kg as a bolus. After additional 60 minutes, beating hearts were removed from animals and tissue levels of free carnitine, short and long chain acyl carnitine, FFA and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were determined. L-carnitine 100 mg/kg was administered intravenously 5 minutes before coronary artery ligation. Electrocardiograms were recorded continuously by a Holter electrocardiographic recorder during the experiment and ventricular arrhythmias were quantified by an arbitrary scoring system. In ischemic and excess FFA supplemented myocardium, free carnitine and ATP decreased, whereas long chain acyl carnitine and FFA increased. And these metabolic changes tended to be reduced by L-carnitine. Pretreatment of L-carnitine also reduced the grade of ventricular arrhythmias induced both by acute myocardial ischemia and by supplemented of excess FFA. These results suggest that the administration of L-carnitine may be beneficial to prevent serious arrhythmias in ischemic heart disease, presumably by restoring the imparied FFA oxidation. PMID- 7230510 TI - Reelevation of ST segment on precordial mapping in natural time course following acute anterior myocardial infarction. AB - Serial recordings of ST segment mapping were performed in 15 patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. Reelevation of ST segment was observed in all cases between 12 hours and one week after infarction without clinical evidence of reinfarction. There was significant correlation between the magnitude of the sum of ST reelevation (sigma ST) and time to the peak of ST reelevation. The higher was sigma ST at the peak, the later was the appearance of the peak of ST reelevation. sigma ST recorded between 24 and 72 hours after infarction correlated with the extent of abnormal Q (NQ) in the precordial mapping as well as the percent of abnormally contracting segment (%ACS) on left ventricular angiography examined after 4 weeks following infarction. However, there was no correlation between sigma ST recorded at 12 hours after infarction and NQ studied at 4 weeks after infarction. The results indicate that the magnitude of sigma ST changes in time during the course after infarction and that the time of recording is important when sigma ST is used for the estimation of infant size. Reelevation of ST segment should be considered in the study of therapeutic intervention in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7230511 TI - Hemodynamic profile in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7230512 TI - Counter measures against death from arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction: mortality of the disease in a hospital at different periods with changing care systems. Factors of delay in the pre-hospital phase. AB - The results of treatment of 400 patients with established acute myocardial infarction in a hospital at different periods with changing care systems are described. Significant reduction of death from arrhythmias could be obtained only when an organization with immediate availability of well-trained medical personnel and reliable actual continuous monitoring of electrocardiograms had been established. Components of delay in the pre-hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction were also studied. There were two significant factors in delay: one was delay due to ignorance of patients about the disease, second was the delay after consultation of family doctors until arrival at the CCU. Time is consumed in the latter factor mainly in making of definite diagnosis. The implication of these data in the management of patients with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction are discussed. PMID- 7230513 TI - Prehospital care (CCU network) of acute myocardial infarction and treatment of cardiogenic shock by intra-aortic balloon pumping. PMID- 7230514 TI - Clinical features of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. An observation of 94 patients. AB - During the past 10 years we experienced 234 patients with atrial fibrillation of whom 94 patients (40.2%) showed a paroxysmal form. Underlying diseases of these 94 patients were hypertension and/or coronary heart disease in 51 (54.3%), rheumatic valvular disease in 3 (3.2%), hyperthyroidism in 2 (2.1%), and miscellaneous diseases in 15 patients (16.0%). Idiopathic atrial fibrillation was found in the remaining 23 patients (24.5%). Frequency of paroxysm was variable. paroxysm occurred only once or twice in 35 patients (37.2%) and more than 21 times in 20 patients (21.3%). Duration of a single paroxysm ranged from less than 24 hours in 49 patients (52.1%) to more than 15 days in 7 patients (7.4%). Atrial fibrillation became permanent in 19 (25.3%) of 75 patients who had been observed for a period of more than 1 year. PMID- 7230515 TI - Etiology of QT prolongation and T wave changes in chronic alcoholism. AB - Etiology of QT prolongation and T wave high voltage was studied in 90 chronic alcoholics in relation to history of alcoholism, blood chemical values, heart rate and QRS voltage with a technic of multiple regression analysis. Incidences of QT prolongation (22%), T wave high voltage in lead V2 (9%), hypopotassemia (23%), hypocalcemia (26%) and hypomagnesemia (28%) were high, despite these examinations were done after relatively long abstention period (35 days on average). Sinus tachycardia (19%) and QRS high voltage (SV1 + RV5 exceeding 4 mV, 41%) were also frequent. Unexpectedly, QT interval did not correlate to serum electrolytes, including calcium. Major factors associated with QT prolongation were sinus tachycardia, longer abstention period and larger amount of daily alcohol consumption. Although the reason of each association was not quite clear, alcoholic myocardial damage may be a cause of QT prolongation. Voltage of T wave in lead V2 was sensitive to serum potassium level, but the observed tendency of hypopotassemia acted to the direction against high voltage of T wave. The sole factor positively associated with high voltage of TV2 was high QRS voltage, which may be a manifestation of left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 7230516 TI - Rheumatic fever in children. A follow-up study with emphasis on cardiac sequelae. AB - Eighty-nine children with rheumatic fever between 1964 and 1978 were reviewed. There were 40 males and 49 females. The first attack occurred mostly between 6 and 12 years. Arthritis was present in 62.9%; carditis, 55.1%; chorea, 19.1%. Children were followed from 20 months to 15 years (mean 61 months). Seventeen developed current attacks (19.1%). On final examination, 40 had no heart disease, 30 had mild heart disease, 6 required valve surgery, 4 had died, and 9 had moderate heart disease but not operated. Chorea was present in 20 children. Six of them also had mitral insufficiency, 3 had recurrence after episode of chorea. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of streptococcal infection and penicillin prophylaxis need to be stressed. Service carditis on initial attack and recurrence predispose to the development of severe heart disease. PMID- 7230517 TI - Prediction and left anterior descending coronary artery disease by esophageal echocardiography. PMID- 7230518 TI - Stroke volume estimated at aortic root in M-mode echocardiography. AB - A noninvasive method for the determination of stroke volume which can be applicable even to a heart contracting asymmetrically is desired. The momentum of blood ejected from heart will be divided into 2 forms; the one is that of blood running away distally and the other is the momentum of the aortic root. SV is estimated by an equation; SVa0 = kXD2XVao1/2XAOT, where D is the diameter of the aortic root, Vao is the mean velocity of the systolic movement of anterior wall, and AOT is the duration of the valve opening of the aortic leaflets. A good correlation was found between SVao and SV measured by the thermodilution method (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001). Since the parameters used in the present method are not affected directly by the mode of cardiac contraction; symmetrical or asymmetrical, it may be useful to determine SV in man. PMID- 7230519 TI - Factors determining the waveform of cardiokymography. PMID- 7230520 TI - Effects of intervening sinus beats on ectopic cycle length in a patient with ventricular parasystole. AB - The intrinsic cycle length of the ventricular parasystolic pacemaker may be modulated by electrotonic influence of intervening ventricular depolarizations. In order to quantify the magnitude of modulation in relation to the timing of the intervening depolarization, a curve of influence was constructed in a patient with ventricular parasystole. The current communication deals with the detailed description of a step-by-step method for the construction of the curve of influence. PMID- 7230521 TI - A further study on constrictor responses of dog coronary arterial strips to acetylcholine under potassium-contracture. AB - Experiments were designed to clarify what mechanisms are involved in the contraction of dog coronary artery induced by acetylcholine. Helical strips cut from the left circumflex coronary artery were suspended in a bath filled with oxygenated Krebs-Ringer solution at 37 degrees C, and tension developments were recorded isometrically. During potassium-contracture acetylcholine produced further contractions of the strips, which were significantly depressed by atropine together with phentolamine or atropine together with d-tubocurarine. In the strips prepared from dogs in which 6-hydroxydopamine was administered 2 hrs before isolation of hearts, acetylcholine-induced contraction was suppressed by atropine alone. Norepinephrine produced contractions in these strips, which were blocked by phentolamine. Results indicate that acetylcholine may directly constrict the artery through a muscarinic action and simultaneously produce norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerve endings by acting on presynaptic nicotinic receptors resulting in the contraction of the artery. PMID- 7230522 TI - Effect of L-carnitine on cardiac hemodynamics. AB - The effect of L-carnitine on cardiac hemodynamics was evaluated in normal closed chest dogs. Extracorporeal circulation was produced to measure coronary blood flow in closed chest dogs. Coronary venous blood was introduced to the extracorporeal circuit through a polyethylene catheter wedged into the coronary sinus under fluoroscopic control and was returned to the animal through the jugular vein. L-carnitine was infused intravenously at a constant rate of 80 mg/Kg/min for 8 min. Hemodynamic responses appeared within 1 to 3 min of carnitine infusion and peak effects were observed nearly after 5 min. Peak effects on cardiac hemodynamics after 5 to 8 min of carnitine infusion were as follows. Heart rate decreased by 17% from control (p less than 0.05). Aortic and left ventricular pressure increased by 20% (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01 respectively) and peak positive left ventricular dp/dt increased by 35% (p less than 0.01), the mean rate pressure product as the index of myocardial oxygen consumption remained unchanged. Coronary blood flow increased by 60% (p less than 0.01) and coronary vascular resistance decreased by 25% (p less than 0.01). As the infusion of carnitine was discontinued, the effects promptly disappeared. These data suggest that L-carnitine has direct vasodilating and positive inotropic effects on cardiovascular system. PMID- 7230523 TI - Effects of magnesium on the isolated, blood-perfused atrial and ventricular preparations of the dog heart. AB - The effects of magnesium chloride were investigated on pacemaker activity and atrial contractility, using isolated, blood-perfused canine atrial and ventricular preparations with heparinized arterial blood led from the support dogs. Magnesium chloride injected directly into the sinus node artery produced dose-related negative chronotropic and inotropic effects in isolated right atria. In small doses (0.1-1 mg), magnesium chloride caused only a negative chronotropic effect without significant negative inotropic changes. The threshold dose for inducing the negative chronotropic response to magnesium chloride was approximately 0.3-1 mg, but that for the negative inotropic response 1-3 mg. The duration of the negative inotropic response was usually shorter than that of the negative chronotropic response. These negative effects were not inhibited by atropine which completely blocked the acetylcholine-induced effects. Magnesium chloride also produced a dose-dependent negative inotropic effect in the isolated, blood-perfused left ventricular preparation in relatively highdose ranges. Moreover, magnesium chloride produced an uniform depression of contraction amplitude at all frequencies (2-3.5 Hz) examined on the frequency force relationship. PMID- 7230524 TI - Effect of calcium antagonists on the electrical alternans of the ST segment during acute coronary occlusion in dogs. AB - Effects of antagonists on the ST alternans during acute coronary occlusion were examined in dogs. The intravenous administration of verapamil at doses of 0.1 mg/Kg and 0.2 mg/Kg prominently attenuated the degree of alternans. Diltiazem at dose of 0.2 mg/Kg also attenuated the degree of alternans. Dipyridamole at dose of 0.5 mg/Kg did not significantly attenuate the degree of alternans. Verapamil significantly inhibited the ST-segment elevation. After verapamil, ST alternans did not occur even after a longer period of occlusion when changes in QRS complex and the ST-segment elevation were remarkable. It is possible that verapamil inhibits ST alternans by both the protecting effect against ischemic injury and a direct effect on the electrical activity of the myocardial cell membrane. PMID- 7230525 TI - An experimental model of giant negative T wave associated with QT prolongation produced by combined effect of calcium and isoproterenol. AB - Changes of the surface ECG and monophasic action potential induced by isoproterenol injection were investigated under normo- and hypercalcemic conditions in dogs. (1) Biphasic time course of T wave changes, initially inverted and subsequently uprightly tall, was observed after intravenous injection of isoproterenol in doses of more than 2 microgram. (2) Initial prolongation and subsequent shortening of the phase 2 of action potential were observed on the ventricular surface in accordance with the biphasic time course of the T wave changes on the surface ECG after isoproterenol injection. (3) Giant T wave inversion associated with QT prolongation was obtained by isoproterenol injection under hypercalcemia. (4) Marked prolongation of total duration as well as phase 2 of action potential was observed in accordance with the giant negative T wave on the surface ECG. Although the mechanism of this experimental model of giant negative T wave is not clear, this model could have important suggestions on the unknown mechanism of giant negative T wave observed in various clinical status. PMID- 7230526 TI - Persistent left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium, atrial septal defect, and absence of the coronary sinus. Recognition and surgical correction. AB - The diagnosis of atrial septal defect (ASD), persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC) and absence of coronary sinus was established by cardiac catheterization in a 20 years old female. At surgery the coronary vein ostia were located in the left atrium. LSVC was ligated and pericardial patch was sutured around the orifices of the coronary veins and extended to the ASD to redirect the coronary blood flow into the right atrium and close the defect. The postoperative cardiac catheterization and hemodynamic studies revealed good result. PMID- 7230527 TI - Idiopathic acute myocarditis with complete atrioventricular block in a baby. Clinicopathological study of the atrioventricular conduction system. AB - A 17-month-old Japanese girl with an idiopathic acute myocarditis had symptoms of vomiting, slight fever, and liver enlargement, but no edema. Clinical diagnosis of acute myocarditis was not made until she had Stokes-Adams syndrome and electrocardiogram revealed complete atrioventricular block on the day of death. At autopsy, idiopathic acute myocarditis was detected diffusely in the right and left ventricles. Vomiting and liver enlargement were due to congestive heart failure. Serial sections of the atrioventricular conduction system revealed diffuse and severe acute inflammatory changes in the right bundle and the left bundle branches, especially in the terminal portions. Acute inflammation was focally noted in the atrioventricular node and the His bundle. The complete atrioventricular block probably followed the severe acute inflammation of the bundle branches. Our case suggest that idiopathic acute myocarditis may be underdiagnosed in babies, as there is no way to determine whether there is dyspnea and palpitation on exertion, and idiopathic fibrosis of conduction system with or without conduction disturbances in children and adults may be sequelae of healed myocarditis in babies. PMID- 7230528 TI - [Significance of problem in HDL-cholesterol precipitation procedures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230529 TI - [Clearance and protective factors of HDL-cholesterol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230530 TI - [Ischemic heart disease and HDL-cholesterol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230531 TI - [Changes of HDL levels determined by cholesterol and apoproteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230532 TI - [Erythrocyte membrane fluidity and membrane lipids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230533 TI - [Mitochondrial membrane and adenine nucleotide translocator (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230534 TI - [Effect of sample storage and column temperatures on determination of HbA1 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230535 TI - [On the application of multi-variable control chart to clinical chemistry laboratory (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230536 TI - [Measurement of cholesterol in high density lipoprotein--comparison between ultracentrifuge method by Airfuge and various precipitation methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230537 TI - [Effects of the hypolipidemic drugs on serum lipids and their fatty acid compositions in diabetic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230538 TI - [New manual and automatic method of hemoglobin determination by using SLS (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230539 TI - [Simplified method for the differential determination of blood ketone bodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230540 TI - The pathophysiology of acute renal failure. PMID- 7230541 TI - [Two kinds of interference in visual information processing (author's transl)]. AB - An original stimulus (OS) containing three letters in a three by three matrix was briefly presented and followed, after various interstimulus intervals (ISIs), by an interpolated stimulus (IS) containing mask patterns. The exposure of IS impaired severely both position and identity recalls when ISIs were shorter than 20 ms. At longer ISIs, mere exposure of IS did not impair recall of OS, but, if the subjects were asked to make the recall, recognition, or reversal recall of IS before the recall of OS, these tasks caused the selective loss of position information of OS. The results suggested that visual backward masking originates in iconic storage, and visual retroactive interference originates in retrieval process from the visual short-term store. PMID- 7230542 TI - [Analysis of resolution of CNV (author's transl)]. AB - The present study was designed to explore the factor affecting the resolution of CNV by using the paradigm in which the attention was experimentally manipulated. The control group (N=13) was given an instruction for conducting the ordinary CNV task, while the experimental group (N=26) was instructed to direct the attention to the different S2 durations. The results obtained showed that in the control group the CNV resolution occurred after the S2 onset, although in the experimental group the resolution occurred after the S2 offset. Considering the findings of this study and of Kakigi, Matsuda, and Hagino (1978) together, it was suggested that the CNV resolution was initiated by the psychological factor, not depending upon the external stimulus nor the key pressing response. PMID- 7230543 TI - [Diagnosis of sarcoidosis by transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and examination of the specimens by electron microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230544 TI - [Reversible permeability pulmonary edema induced by continuous air embolization in unanesthetized sheep (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230545 TI - [Measurement of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in pleural effusion with special reference to carcinomatous and tuberculosis pleuritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230546 TI - [Experimental surgical therapy of bronchial asthma. The effect of denervation in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230547 TI - [A case of malignant hemangioendothelioma of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230548 TI - [Surgical RBBB--the incidence, transition and etiologic considerations in electrophysiological studies during operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230549 TI - [Modern trends of surgical treatment for anomalies of the coronary arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230550 TI - [Management of aortic regurgitation associated with dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230551 TI - [ST-elevation following surgical correction of atrial septal defect--findings by echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230552 TI - [Aortic value replacement--postoperative results with Bjork-Shiley and Lillehei Kaster disc prosthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230553 TI - [Two cases of intracranial epidural hematoma following open heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230554 TI - [An effect of tracheal mobilization for extending wide resection of the trachea from aspect of tracheal blood flow (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230555 TI - [A study of surgical management of cardiac tamponade by various causes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230556 TI - [A report of successful re-mitral valve replacement for prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE : Hancock valve) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230557 TI - [A surgical treatment for atypical cor triatriatum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230558 TI - [A surgical case report of bilateral coronary to pulmonary arterial fistula (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230559 TI - [Treatment of congenital complete A-V block with implantable pacemaker in a 10 month-old infant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230560 TI - [Oxalosis in chronic renal failure or chronic dialysis or both (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230561 TI - [Studies on the immune status of patients with renal cell carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230562 TI - [Studies on voiding mechanism. 2. The effects of urethral distension on the vesical contraction reflex: neuropharmacological and neurophysiological aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230563 TI - [The experimental study of hydronephrosis by electron microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230564 TI - A survey on drug resistance and R plasmids in Salmonella isolated from domestic animals in Japan. PMID- 7230565 TI - Protection to challenge and behavior and Staphylococcus aureus strain CH-91 in immunized mice. PMID- 7230566 TI - Transfer of young adult Angiostrongylus cantonensis from mastomys and mice to the pulmonary arteries of rats immunized against the donor hosts. PMID- 7230567 TI - [Development of acquired resistance and production of precipitating and complement-fixing antibodies in rabbits repeatedly infested with females of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230568 TI - Antibiotic sensitivity of salmonellae isolated from animal feed ingredients. PMID- 7230569 TI - Non-surgical collection and surgical transfer of bovine embryos. PMID- 7230570 TI - Giardia infection in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). PMID- 7230571 TI - Properties of heat-stable antigen in the culture supernate of Haemophilus paragallinarum. PMID- 7230572 TI - Pathologic studies on juvenile bovine leukosis. PMID- 7230573 TI - Haemophilus infections in chickens. 3. Immunogenicity of serotypes 1 and 2 strains of Haemophilus paragallinarum. PMID- 7230574 TI - Pathological studies on equine ataxia in Japan. PMID- 7230575 TI - Establishment of a melanin-producing cell line derived from a canine malignant melanoma. PMID- 7230576 TI - An ovine case of generalized aspergillosis with alimentary lesions. PMID- 7230577 TI - Occurrence of two hemagglutinins on Haemophilus paragallinarum strain 221 and comparison of their properties. PMID- 7230578 TI - Serological and immunological differences between two hemagglutinins of Haemophilus paragallinarum strain 221. PMID- 7230579 TI - Simple method for preparation of Aleutian disease antigen. PMID- 7230580 TI - A case of bovine congenital porphyria (porphyria erythropoietica). PMID- 7230581 TI - The Columbia population study. III. Volunteer status, educational background, and plasma total cholesterol level in a prepaid health care program. AB - From 1972 through 1975 a study of plasma lipid levels was conducted at the Columbia Medical Plan (a prepaid group practice in an upper-middle-class suburban community) in accordance with nationally standardized interview, blood-drawing and laboratory procedures of the Lipid Research Clinics Program. Data were obtained from a large group of volunteers from the plan as well as from subjects selected by random sampling from membership rolls. Of 2,591 fasting, nonpregnant adults (age greater than or equal to 20 years), 825 were volunteers and 1,766 were randomly selected subjects. Analysis of the plasma total cholesterol values indicated a possible association of volunteer status and higher educational levels with a lower plasma total cholesterol level. Age- and sex-specific comparisons confirmed this finding, although the magnitude of the differences was quite small from the standpoint of clinical risk. The data suggest that even within educational strata, self-selection for cholesterol screening was associated with a lower cholesterol level. PMID- 7230583 TI - Clinical conferences at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Preleukemia. PMID- 7230582 TI - Intracardiac surgery in children of Jehovah's Witnesses. PMID- 7230584 TI - Spontaneous pneumothorax during adjuvant chemotherapy for soft-tissue sarcoma. AB - A 21-year-old man with fibrosarcoma of the left thigh, treated with adjuvant chemotherapy following surgery and radiation, presented with bilateral spontaneous pneumothoraces as the initial manifestation of metastatic disease. While the pathogenesis of this condition is uncertain, it is possible that in this patient drug-induced necrosis of peripherally located subclinical metastatic pulmonary nodules led to spontaneous pneumothorax. PMID- 7230585 TI - Coronary artery disease. AB - In summary, with the foregoing information available, the current approach to a patient such as the one under discussion would be admission to the Coronary Care Unit for observation and initiation of progressively increasing doses of anti anginal medications, including calcium-blocking agents. If symptoms are controlled the patient generally undergoes cardiac catheterization on an elective basis, and a decision regarding coronary bypass grafting is made on the basis of the anatomy and the overall clinical picture. When symptoms cannot be managed satisfactorily with medical therapy, insertion of the intra-aortic balloon pump and urgent cardiac catheterization is advised. This approach was taken in the patient discussed earlier, and thus far appears to have been eminently successful. PMID- 7230586 TI - [Analyses of tuberculosis patients hospitalized in Aichi Prefecture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230587 TI - [Adjuvant activity and adjuvant arthritis]. PMID- 7230588 TI - [Anti-tumor activity of BCG-CWS]. PMID- 7230589 TI - [Short-course chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. 2. Evaluation of short course chemotherapy in experimental murine tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230590 TI - [Characteristics of x-ray feature of lung disease due to Mycobacterium avium Mycobacterium intracellulare complex (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230591 TI - [A case of pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium kansasii (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230592 TI - [New approach to understanding the hemodynamic norm]. AB - Hemodynamic values were studied by rheography and tachooscillography in 114 healthy individuals whose ages ranged from 15 to 34 years. According to the cardiac index value, all individuals examined were divided into 3 groups: with hyperkinetic type hemodynamics (cardiac index 5.67--4.32 l/min/m2 in males and 6.06--4.70 l/min/m2 in females), eukinetic (4.31--2,96 and 4.69--3.33 l/min/m2, respectively), and hypokinetic (2.95--1,59 and 3.32--1.95 l/min/m2, respectively). The first type was encountered in 23.7% of cases, the second in 46.5%, and the third in 29.8%. The information yielded by the study is used as evidence in favour of the assumption concerning the heterogeneous character of the hemodynamic norm among the healthy population. It is suggested that the criterion of the initial hemodynamic heterogeneity of the human population is employed in the analysis of the heterogeneity of hemodynamics in individuals with arterial hypertension. PMID- 7230593 TI - [Regional and central hemodynamic changes during the treatment of hypertension with obsidan, apressin and their combination]. AB - The values of central and regional hemodynamics were studied in 80 patients with hypertensive disease mainly of stage IIB by means of tetra- and bipolar rheography in different periods of treatment with obsidan, apressin and their combination. It was established that obsidan reduces the cardiac output and increases by reflex peripheral vascular resistance, while apressin reduces the vascular tonus and stimulates by reflex cardiac activity. Apressin caused a significant improvement in cerebral and peripheral circulation, but the asymmetry of cerebral and leg rheograms increased in these instances. In obsidan therapy the tonus of cerebral arteries diminished to a lesser degree while the tonus of the leg arteries was often increased, but the inter-hemispheric asymmetry of the rheoencephalogram and the limb rheograms diminished. The combined use of these drugs corrects undesirable effects in regard to the haemodynamic structure and potentiates the hypotensive effect. PMID- 7230594 TI - [Potential use of mathematical methods for predicting the surgical treatment results in renovascular hypertension]. AB - The duration of the case history was determined in 16 patients with vasorenal hypertension caused by unilateral lesion of the renal arteries, as well as renal activity in peripheral and reno-venous blood, Tmax and T1/2 according to the findings of renography, and blood flow in the renal artery before and after reconstruction according to the results of intraoperative flow measurement. The set of characteristics obtained was used in prognosing the parameters of arterial pressure (AP) in the postoperative period by means of regression analysis. The relative root-mean-square error in prognosing systolic AP was 15% and diastolic AP 20%. Nomograms for determining AP parameters according to the combination of characteristics were elaborated. PMID- 7230595 TI - [Determination of the criteria for selecting the optimal obsidan and hypothiazide treatment regimen in hypertension based on mathematical modelling data]. AB - Criteria for the choice of drug dosage are established. In mild changes of pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with hypertensive disease, minimum doses of hypothiazide are recommended, while treatment should be conducted with obsidan, for the main part. In considerable attendant disorders of pulmonary hemodynamics the dose of hypothiazide should be proportionally increased, while the dose of obsidan is reduced. PMID- 7230596 TI - [Criterion for assessing the arterial pressure response to bicycle ergometric loading in the hypertension treatment process]. AB - In examination of 62 healthy males and 62 patients with hypertensive disease from 40 to 60 years of age, three types of arterial pressure reaction to standard bicycle ergometry exercise were distinguished on the basis of the relationship between the pressure-pulse index and the time of pressure normalization. This method is suggested for objective appraisal of the efficacy of hypotensive therapy and for distinguishing the group of patients with the risk of hypertensive disease development. PMID- 7230597 TI - [Physical work capacity prognosis of hypertensive patients]. AB - From the results of the examination of 176 patients with hypertensive disease the authors compared 49 signs, including sex, age, the findings of medical history, inspection, X-ray, ECG and consultations of an ophthalmologist with the power of physical exertion on a bicycle ergometer. Fifteen signs with a marked correlative connection with the power of exertion (r greater than 0.5) were distinguished. Systolic arterial pressure (170 mm Hg and more), circulatory insufficiency, concomitant ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis of the peripheral arteries and hypokinetic type of circulation proved to be the most important factors limiting the physical working capacity of patients with hypertensive disease. A table for prognosticating the working capacity was compiled. PMID- 7230598 TI - [Computer tomography in the diagnosis of adrenal lesions in arterial hypertension]. AB - The method is based on reconstructing the image of the transverse section of the body on a television screen by means of a computer, depending on the capacity of the tissue to absorb X-rays. A cross-section is constructed on the basis of a large number of projections, where each tissue has its own color in a black-and white or colour scale. The section obtained is topographo-anatomical and allows the shape, dimension, structure and mutual position of the internal organs to be clearly determined. Twenty one patients suspected of having various lesions of the adrenals were examined. Computer tomography revealed aldosteroma in 3, hyperplasia in 2, pheochromocytoma in 2, connective-tissue fibrosis in 1, carcinoma of the adrenal cortex in 1. No changes were found in 12 patients. Computer tomography makes it possible to clearly determine the size, shape and localization of the glands, but it cannot establish the nosological diagnosis, recording only the presence of a new growth. PMID- 7230599 TI - [Central hemodynamics and microcirculation and their interrelation in hypertension]. AB - The work is based on examination of central haemodynamics by mechanocardiography and microcirculation by means of conjunctival biomicroscopy in 237 patients with hypertensive disease. A high level of peripheral resistance in relation to the existing minute blood volume was disclosed in patients with various stages of the disease. The main haemodynamic variants are encountered with equal frequency in various stages of hypertensive disease. A direct correlation was revealed between the values of peripheral resistance on the one hand, and the vascular microcirculatory changes on the other. PMID- 7230600 TI - [Effect of hypotensive therapy on oxygen metabolism in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients]. AB - The authors studied the effect of hypotensive therapy with Rauwolfia preparations, dopegit and hemiton on oxygen tension in tissues (PO2), oxygen consumption by the body (QO2) and the state of hemodynamics: arterial pressure (AP), cardiac index (CI) and total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR). They examined 108 elderly and old patients with II stage hypertensive disease. It was established that the tissue PO2 increases in decrease of AP attended by a decrease in TPVR and increase in CI, but reduces in decrease in CI and increase in TPVR. In the last case, however, the work of the heart diminishes. Maintenance hypotensive therapy in the period of normalized AP in individuals with unstable hypertension aggravates hypoxia. The decrease in QO2 encountered in half the patients who were treated was attended by a reduction in systolic pressure; no decrease of AP was encountered in cases of increase in QO2 which testifies to a connection between the changes in hemodynamics and the state of tissue oxygen requirements. PMID- 7230601 TI - [Blood electrolyte homeostatic disorder in hypertensive patients and their relatives]. AB - The results of study of the blood electrolyte homeostasis in patients with hypertensive disease and in their close relatives are discussed. It was established that the blood electrolyte homeostasis in healthy relatives of probands, patients with hypertensive disease, was changed as compared to that in healthy individuals of the same age in whose families there were no members with elevated arterial pressure. PMID- 7230602 TI - [Arterial pressure in adolescents (an international study in Moscow, Kaunas, Berlin, Budapest and Havana)]. PMID- 7230603 TI - [Comparison of echocardiographic and cardiac morphometric data in healthy persons and patients with heart failure of various origins]. AB - The authors discuss the results of morphometric analysis in separate weighing of the heart and the results of echocardiographic examination of healthy subjects and patients who died from cardio-vascular insufficiency. Some indices characterizing the dimensions, volumes, and mass of the various parts of the heart of healthy individuals who died from accidental causes and of patients with left- and right-ventricular insufficiency are presented. It is shown that morphometry allows one not only to determine right- and left-ventricular insufficiency but to distinguish its compensated and decompensated forms. Comparison of the findings of morphometry and echocardiography showed a good correlation in determining the diameter of the aorta, the thickness of the wall of the left and right ventricles, and the mass of the left ventricle. No correlation in determining the volumes of the heart cavities was established on comparing the results of echocardiography with those of autopsy. In some cases a correlation was disclosed in determining the anteroposterior size of the orifice of the mitral valve. PMID- 7230604 TI - [Combined noninvasive method of studying cardiac contractile function]. AB - The method is based on a record of the polycardiogram, the first derived left ventricular cardiogram (delta LVCG)--the rate apexcardiogram, the pressure phlebogram, and the tetrapolar rheogram and measurement of arterial pressure by an objective method. Logarithmic and linear nomograms were constructed and regression equations were deduced, which made it possible to calculate the pressure of ventricle filling and the pressure in the pulmonary artery by a bloodless method. The possibility of noninvasive determination of the ventricular pumping function and myocardial contractility is demonstrated. PMID- 7230605 TI - [Size of the postinfarct scar and the functional state of the left ventricle]. AB - Forty-five patients who had suffered from anterior myocardial infarction were examined by echocardiography in the M regimen and ECG recorded from 35 precordial leads. According to the extensiveness of the postinfarction scar, the patients were divided into 3 groups. The results of the examination showed that the value of the Q index (the number of leads with an abnormal Q wave) correlates with the clinical signs of circulatory insufficiency, the values of the systole and diastole phase analysis has a positive correlative connection with the end diastolic volume of the left ventricle and the value of mitral-septal separation, but does not correlate with such values as the ejection fraction, the rate of circulatory shortening of the myocardial fibers and the degree of shortening of the left-ventricular small axis, which are calculated from the echocardiogram in the M regimen. PMID- 7230606 TI - [Excessive table salt consumption in arterial hypertension: a habit or a need?]. PMID- 7230607 TI - [Frequency of interstitial cellular nodose hyperplasia of the kidney medulla in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7230608 TI - Occurrence of renal pelvic refluxes during rising urine flow rate in rats and hamsters. AB - Retrograde movements of urine into the renal pelvic space (pelvic refluxes) were studied in anesthetized Munich Wistar rats and hamsters. The urine was made green by a continuous i.v. infusion of lissamine green in saline, and the experimental kidney was either placed on a shallow trough or left in situ. The renal pelvis was exposed and illuminated with a fiber optic light, and urine movements were observed through the transparent but intact pelvic wall. Urine was collected from both kidneys in the rats. In both rats and hamsters, the inner medulla of the kidney was analyzed for solutes at the end of the experiment. The experimental procedures did not interfere with the normal function of the experimental kidney, and the results were the same in rats and hamsters. During constant urine flow, full refluxes did not occur. Urine either moved straight down the ureter after it exited from the ducts of Bellini or it briefly bathed the papillary tip. In rats, full pelvic refluxes started approximately 0.8 min after a bolus injection (0.5 ml of isosmotic saline, i.v.), at a time corresponding to a steep rise in urine flow (2 microliter.min-2.100 g body wt-1). Following increased infusion rate, full refluxes were associated with an increase in urine flow of 0.05 g microliter.min-2.100 g body wt-1. Full refluxes were also seen in the hamsters following a bolus injection or increased infusion rate. Increasing intrapelvic pressure by 1 cm H2O also caused full pelvic refluxes. When full refluxes occurred, urine came into contact with all areas of the renal pelvis. Because full pelvic refluxes occur only during rising urine flow, this mechanism would bring urine with decreasing osmolality into contact with the outer medullary areas facing the pelvic space. PMID- 7230609 TI - Mercury accumulation in kidney lysosomes or proteinuric rats. AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine whether lysosomal accumulation of mercury in the kidney is due to a leakage of protein-bound mercury through the glomerular filtration barrier followed by reabsorption into the lysosomal system of the proximal tubule. The subcellular distribution of mercury in the kidney was studied in four different groups of rats with and without proteinuria: normal young rats, young rats with aminonucleoside nephrosis, old rats with spontaneous proteinuria, and old rats with chronic mercury intoxication and proteinuria. Radioactive mercuric chloride (203HgCl2) was injected s.c. into the rats 72 hours before sacrifice. Cell fractionation experiments were carried out on homogenates of the renal cortex by differential centrifugation. Determination of radioactive mercury in the subcellular fractions revealed that mercury was concentrated in the lysosomal fraction of all rats with proteinuria. In contrast, normal rats without proteinuria had the highest concentration of mercury in the supernatant, and there was no enrichment of mercury in the lysosomal fraction. Gel filtration chromatography performed on urine samples from proteinuric rats demonstrated that excreted mercury in renal lysosomes of proteinuric urine support the hypothesis that mercury bound to plasma proteins passes the glomerular filtration barrier in proteinuric conditions and enters the lysosomal system of the proximal tubule by way of endocytosis. PMID- 7230610 TI - Furosemide-induced vasodilation: importance of the state of hydration and filtration. AB - The circumstances under which furosemide increases renal blood flow was examined in mongrel dogs as it may relate to a tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. Two maneuvers, desoxycorticosterone (DOCA) plus salt treatment and inhibition of tubular fluid flow, were used in the dogs to evaluate the renal vascular effects of furosemide because these maneuvers have been reported to blunt the tubuloglomerular feedback in micropuncture studies. In addition, we also used two structurally different nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs to assess the importance of prostaglandins to achieve furosemide's renal vasodilatation. Furosemide (5 mg/kg, i.v.) increased renal blood flow in volume-depleted animals from a baseline flow of 141 +/- 28 ml/min to a maximum of 176 +/- 35 ml/min at 6 min after furosemide administration. If the animals were pretreated with a high salt diet and i.m. DOCA for 5 days, furosemide administration produced no renal vascular effects but still caused a large diuresis, and these dogs still had a responsive renal vascular bed to infused prostaglandin E2. In addition, kidneys rendered non-filtering in volume-depleted animals had no renal vascular response to furosemide. Volume-depleted animals, pretreated with either indomethacin or sodium meclofenamate, did not have a renal vascular response to furosemide although they did have a diuretic response and a responsive renal vasculature to prostaglandin E2. From our data, we hypothesize that the renal vascular response to furosemide is secondary to a tubular mechanism mediated by a vasodilatory prostaglandin. Because furosemide has been shown to disrupt the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism, and the two maneuvers, DOCA plus salt treatment and lack of filtration, blunt the tubuloglomerular feedback response as well as inhibit the renal vascular response to furosemide, we further hypothesize that furosemide induced renal vasodilation may be secondary to the disruption of an active tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. PMID- 7230611 TI - Role of osmolality in blood pressure stability after dialysis and ultrafiltration. AB - To clarify the mechanisms involved in the stability of blood pressure during ultrafiltration (UF) alone versus regular dialysis, this study systematically examined the importance of changes in serum potassium, osmolality, and plasma norepinephrine during several dialysis maneuvers. Six stable, normotensive chronic dialysis patients were subjected to a uniform 2 to 3% decrease in body weight during the 2 hours of each dialysis maneuver. Supine to upright mean blood pressure (MBP) decreased (90 to 75 mm Hg, P less than 0.05), and three patients became symptomatic after weight loss during regular dialysis, but orthostatic blood pressure was stable (89 to 86 mm Hg, NS) and the patients were asymptomatic after UF and weight loss. Isokalemic regular dialysis did not afford hemodynamic stability, as orthostatic MBP declined (85 to 56 mm Hg, P less than 0.02), and four of the patients were again asymptomatic after standing. A continuous hypertonic mannitol (25%) infusion during the 2-hour dialysis, however, kept osmolality from decreasing and was associated with a stable orthostatic MBP (89 to 83 mm Hg, NS). A continuous infusion of isotonic mannitol (5%) given in a volume of five times that of the hypertonic mannitol failed to prevent orthostatic hypotension (80 to 60 mm Hg, P less than 0.005). Plasma norepinephrine concentrations were high in these patients and increased only modestly after weight loss. These results implicate constant plasma osmolality as a critical protective factor of blood pressure during UF and further demonstrate that changes in blood pressure may be associated from changes in both serum potassium and plasma norepinephrine concentration. PMID- 7230612 TI - Occupational exposure to lead: effects on renal function. AB - Although nephrotoxicity is common following exposure to lead, the dose-response relationship in adults with occupational exposure is not well understood because information is lacking on early nephrotoxic effects. By the time serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels are elevated, renal damage may be advanced and not fully reversible. Detailed investigations of renal glomerular and tubular function were performed in six adults with occupational exposure to lead. In all patients, the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations were within the normal range. GFR was decreased in all but two. Glucose reabsorptive capacity (TmG) was decreased in all, and this decrease was disproportionately greater than expected from the reduced GFR in all but one. Normal values for renal plasma flow (RFP) were observed in four of the six, and for rho-aminohippurate (PAH) secretory capacity (TmPAh) in all but one. Bicarbonate reabsorptive capacity (TmHCO3) and urinary excretion of beta2-microglobulin were normal in all. Routine clinical laboratory tests are insensitive for the detection of early renal effects of heavy metal exposure. Measurements of renal tubular reabsorptive capacity for glucose appears to be a sensitive method for the early detection of renal effect of lead. PMID- 7230614 TI - Automatic device for cross-circulation experiments or prolonged infusion in rats. PMID- 7230613 TI - Leukopenia, hypoxia, and complement function with different hemodialysis membranes. AB - Complement activation during exposure of plasma to cuprophan has been postulated to cause leukopenia and hypoxia in hemodialysis patients. To determine if hypoxia is related to leukopenia and if complement activation leads to a depletion of functional complement components, we dialyzed four patients three times sequentially against each of four types of membranes: cuprophan, regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate, and polyacrilonitrile. Within 20 min there was a marked leukopenia with cuprophan from 5541 +/- 376 to 1216 +/- 94 (P less than 0.001) and with regenerated cellulose from 5541 +/- 411 to 1533 +/- 203 (P less than 0.001). With cellulose acetate, the change from 5558 +/- 400 to 3783 +/- 341 (P less than 0.001) was less dramatic, and with polyacrilonitrile the fall from 5591 +/- 381 to 464 +/- 401 (P less than 0.02) was minimal. After 2 and 4 hours of dialysis, a rebound leukocytosis was seen with cuprophan, regenerated cellulose, and cellulose acetate, but not with polyacrilonitrile. Transient thrombocytopenia occurred with cuprophan and regenerated cellulose. In spite of the variable degree of leukopenia, all membranes induced a similar and significant hypoxia, which was progressive throughout dialysis, even during the rebound leukocytosis. After 4 hours, the mean PO2 ranged from 91 to 93 mm Hg with all membranes. Functional hemolytic titers of whole complement, C3, C5, and C4 were normal prior to hemodialysis and failed to decrease after 4 hours with any membrane. It is concluded that hemodialysis leukopenia is membrane-dependent and is not the cause of hypoxia. In addition, hemodialysis complement activation does not lead to functional complement depletion and is of no clinical significance. PMID- 7230615 TI - Lipid A induction of cytotoxic antibody to cultured syngeneic rat kidney tubular cells. AB - Syngeneic Fischer rat kidneys repeatedly injected with lipid A induced a cytotoxic antibody to cultured syngeneic rat kidney tubular cells. To test for antibodies in the serum of immunized animals, we disaggregated syngeneic rat kidney tubular cells with collagenase and trypsin and established them in short term culture. Cultured kidney tubule cells were then radiolabeled 24 hours later with chromium 51 and cultured for an additional 24 hours. Rabbit antirat kidney tubule cell antibody served as the positive control antisera in a complement dependent antibody cytotoxicity assay. Serum samples from animals whose kidneys were innoculated with Re glycolipid were then tested for antibody cytotoxicity. Autoantibody to syngeneic cultured kidney tubule cells was presented in the serum from these animals (P less than 0.01) as well as in the serum of animals injected i.p. with Re glycolipid when compared with saline controls. The cytotoxic antibody could be removed by absorbing with syngeneic cultured kidney tubule cell membranes. These results suggest that the glycolipid from the mutant strain Re 595 of Salmonella minnesota stimulates a crossreactive antibody to cultured rat kidney tubular cells. The methodology used in these experiments provides an in vitro models for investigating the importance of the immune system in the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis. PMID- 7230616 TI - Ammonia addition into the medullary collecting duct of the rat. AB - The purpose of these studies was to determine if ammonia is added directly to the medullary collecting duct of the rat, and if so, to estimate its quantitative contribution to ammonium excretion. Samples of fluid were obtained along the length of the medullary collecting duct by retrograde microcatheterization. To document net addition of ammonium, we measured the ammonium concentration in tubular fluid by an enzymatic isotope technique, and we calculated the degree of fluid reabsorption from the ratio of the inulin concentration in tubular fluid and plasma. The ammonium concentration corrected for water reabsorption ([NH4+]/[TF/P]In) rose progressively from the beginning to the end of the medullary collecting duct, indicating net ammonia addition to this nephron segment. By calculation, it appears that about 40% of the excreted ammonium reached the urine by direct addition of ammonia to the duct fluid. PMID- 7230617 TI - Renal hemodynamics and oxygen consumption during postischemic acute renal failure in the rat. AB - Acute renal failure in the rat was induced by occluding the left renal artery for 1 hour. The kidneys were examined 1, 3, 10, and 40 days after temporary ischemia. Inulin clearance was essentially zero in oligoanuric kidneys on days 1 and 3, and regained 14% and 63% of the control value on days 10 and 40, respectively. Mean cortical blood flow remained almost constant at 75% of control up to day 10 and normalized subsequently on day 40. Renal oxygen consumption during anuria on days 1 and 3 was 53% and 46% of the control value and increased thereafter concurrently with the restoration of renal function. With a single linear correlation being assumed to exist between sodium reabsorption and oxygen consumption for all kidneys, the sodium reabsorption and oxygen consumption for all kidneys, the sodium transport estimated from oxygen consumption on day 1 was about 40% of control value. The difference between the sodium transport calculated from oxygen consumption and that from inulin clearance decreased with time in the recovery phase. The results indicate only a partial reduction of GFR due to the reduced blood flow in this model. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that tubular leakage and tubular obstruction play an important role in the loss of renal function during the manifestation of acute renal failure. PMID- 7230618 TI - Sexual dysfunction in the male patient with uremia: a reappraisal. AB - Partial or complete impotence is common in uremia. It is not clear whether the impotence is organic or psychogenic in nature and whether uremia itself or the state of chronic illness is responsible for it. We examined these questions, by psychiatric interviews and nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT), in 50 normal subjects, 48 patients with chronic uremia, including 23 patients treated with maintenance dialysis, and 22 patients with chronic illness and normal renal function. About 40 to 50% of patients with uremia, but not those with chronic illness and normal renal function, complained of erectile dysfunction and reported a significant decrease in frequency of intercourse. There were no significant differences between patients with uremia prior to initiation of therapy and those treated with maintenance hemodialysis. NPT declines after 40 years of age. In all age groups, NPT was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower in uremics than in normals or those with chronic illness. There was no correlation between erectile complaints, frequency of intercourse or NPT, and the presence or absence of depression. The frequency of intercourse correlated significantly (r = 0.68, P less than 0.01) with NPT in patients with uremia. Data indicate that 50% of male patients with uremia have partial or complete impotence, which is most probably organic in nature and is related to uremia or its metabolic or hormonal consequences rather than to the state of chronic illness. PMID- 7230619 TI - Hemodialysis vs. peritoneal dialysis: results of a 3-year prospective controlled study. AB - A prospective comparison of peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis was undertaken to identify advantages and disadvantages of either treatment relative to the other. Hematologic, biochemical, lipid, and neurobehavioral parameters were followed. Careful controls were imposed to assure that the treatment groups were comparable. Patients on peritoneal dialysis proved to have more normal concentrations of BUN, hemoglobin, potassium, bicarbonate, and high-density lipoproteins. Hemodialysis patients had more normal concentrations of albumin, total protein, and calcium. Hypertriglyceridemia was only minimally greater in peritoneal patients. Neurobehavioral results documented multiple abnormalities in both. The profile of results obtained provides preliminary criteria for selecting either form of dialysis for a particular patient. PMID- 7230620 TI - A network thermodynamic model of glomerular dynamics: application in the rat. AB - A model of glomerular dynamics has been developed by using network thermodynamics and the SPICE 2 computer program to further explore the determinants of glomerular filtration. The model is designed to be holistic and self-adjusting, taking cognizance of and permitting quantitation of the secondary alterations in individual effective glomerular resistances, glomerular blood and plasma flow, capillary oncotic pressure and glomerular capillary pressure, which inevitably result when any parameter affecting glomerular dynamics changes. Such automatic adjustment adds to the precision of computation and is unique to the present model. Few assumptions are introduced, independent variables (arterial pressure, individual resistances, hydraulic conductivity, hematocrit, and serum protein concentration) being entered whereas values for the dependent variables are determined by the computer. In rats, filtration pressure equilibrium is seen not to obtain either under physiologic conditions or with reasonably large changes in any of the independent variables. Capillary pressure is shown to be affected by any maneuver that modulates single nephron GFR (SNGFR) and flow across the efferent arteriole (for example, tubule pressure, serum protein concentration) even when arteriolar caliber is held constant. The axial rise in colloid oncotic pressure and serum protein concentration along the capillary is found to be neither linear nor semilogarithmic, a characteristic that reflects on equations used to determine capillary hydraulic conductivity. Isolated change in afferent arteriolar resistance is shown by the model to produce a linear relationship between glomerular plasma flow and capillary pressure, and thus between the former parameter and filtration. Large solitary increases in efferent arteriolar resistance raise SNGFR and a 60% fall in resistance virtually abolishes filtration while exerting little change in blood flow. Concomitant and equal alterations of afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances cause filtration to rise linearly with blood flow but to produce minor change in glomerular capillary pressure, an example of true plasma flow dependence. Plasma flow dependence is, however, found to be unique to this particular circumstance under physiologic conditions. Adding an optional element that automatically adjusts effective efferent arteriolar resistance as a function of Hct2 has but modest effects on glomerular dynamics except when systemic hematocrit is substantially altered. The data and conclusions derived in this study are based on typical values for resistances, hydraulic conductivity, systemic protein concentration, hematocrit, and arterial and tubular pressures reported for normal hydropenic rats. They will not necessarily hold in other species in which these values may be distinctly different. PMID- 7230621 TI - [Urinary calcium in healthy children as the basis for hypercalciuria in calcium nephrolithiasis]. PMID- 7230622 TI - [Muscular dystrophies in childhood. II: Follow-up studies in current therapy]. PMID- 7230623 TI - [Gardner syndrome in childhood]. PMID- 7230624 TI - [Incidence of mycoses in oncologic patients at the Jena University Hospital. Retrospective study, using terminal states and autopsy findings]. PMID- 7230625 TI - [Relations between gastroesophageal reflux and chronic respiratory diseases in children]. PMID- 7230626 TI - [Corticoid myopathy]. PMID- 7230627 TI - [Combination therapy of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 7230628 TI - [Multiple primary stomach cancer]. PMID- 7230629 TI - [Lung cancer and metachronous cancer of the descending sigmoid colon]. PMID- 7230630 TI - [Clinical diagnostic characteristics of superficial stomach cancer]. PMID- 7230631 TI - [Plastic operations in cancer of the proximal portion of the stomach]. PMID- 7230632 TI - [Evaluation of the spread of cancer of the proximal portion of the stomach]. PMID- 7230633 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of duodenal polyps]. PMID- 7230634 TI - [Restoration of intestinal patency after an abdominoanal resection of the rectum with colostomy]. PMID- 7230635 TI - [Effectiveness of the surgical treatment of rectal cancer in the elderly]. PMID- 7230636 TI - [Methodological approaches to the morphological verification of lung cancer]. PMID- 7230637 TI - [Microflora of the operating field in the surgical treatment of cancer of the large intestine]. PMID- 7230638 TI - [Evolution in the choice of surgical treatment methods in rectal cancer in view of the immediate and late results]. PMID- 7230639 TI - [Control over the extent of excision in radical mastectomy by a cytological method]. PMID- 7230640 TI - [Sarcoma of the breast]. PMID- 7230641 TI - [Clinicoanatomic characteristics of carcinoid tumors of the pancreatoduodenal area]. PMID- 7230642 TI - [Treatment of pancreatic cancer]. PMID- 7230643 TI - [Transcutaneous puncture biopsy in the cytological diagnosis of malignant liver neoplasms]. PMID- 7230644 TI - [Late results of repeated operations for thyroid cancer]. PMID- 7230645 TI - [Role of computerized axial x-ray tomography in the diagnosis of malignant tumor metastases to the bones]. PMID- 7230646 TI - [Repeated operations on the lungs in cancer and malignant tumor metastases]. PMID- 7230647 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the surgical treatment methods in soft tissue sarcomas]. PMID- 7230648 TI - [Unusual localizations of carcinoid tumors]. PMID- 7230649 TI - [Surgical treatment of postburn cicatrices and cicatricial-trophic ulcers with malignant degeneration]. PMID- 7230650 TI - [Retroperitoneal neoplasms in children]. PMID- 7230651 TI - [Surgical interventions in locally spread tumors in children]. PMID- 7230652 TI - [Cryogenic action in pediatric surgery]. PMID- 7230653 TI - [Malignant nonepithelial breast tumors in young women]. PMID- 7230654 TI - [Pregnancy and labor after radical treatment of breast cancer]. PMID- 7230655 TI - [Teratoma of the retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 7230656 TI - [Fosschulte's indirect isthmoplasty in the surgical treatment of aortic coarctation]. PMID- 7230657 TI - [Initial results of using Cardioplegin in heart operations]. PMID- 7230658 TI - [Diaphragmatic injuries]. PMID- 7230659 TI - [Personal experience in the treatment with echinococcosis]. PMID- 7230660 TI - [Tumors of the heart]. PMID- 7230661 TI - [Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of diseases of the ileocecal area]. PMID- 7230662 TI - [Inflammatory and benign tumors of the large intestine simulating cancer]. PMID- 7230663 TI - [2 cases of undiagnosed periappendicular infiltrates operated on for cecal cancer]. PMID- 7230664 TI - [Clinical and social aspects of acute appendicitis in Targovishte District]. PMID- 7230665 TI - [Spontaneous internal biliary fistulae]. PMID- 7230666 TI - [Plastic covering of serosa-free intestinal surfaces in childhood by a free autograft of the omentum majus and a xenograft of preserved pericardium]. PMID- 7230667 TI - [Changes in the plasma cortisol level during neuroleptanalgesia and thyroid operations]. PMID- 7230668 TI - [Effect of neuroleptanalgesia and thyroid operations on the ETR]. PMID- 7230669 TI - [Extensive resections of the small intestine]. PMID- 7230670 TI - [Aspiration nozzle for the large intestine]. PMID- 7230671 TI - [Numerical reflections concerning alternating torticollis with nystagmus and binocular functions (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a patient suffering from torticollis with an eccentric neutral point of relative rest caused by a congenital nystagmus (rotation to the left for long-range vision and to the right for close-range vision - nystagmus alternans); the torticollis is not aggravated in close-range vision by an asymmetrical Anderson-Kestenbaum operation at a suitable range (asymmetrical correction of the torticollis for long-range vision by exploiting the range of fusion into divergence). Surgical alternatives are discussed and trigonometric relations are correlated with clinical experience (for torticollis with binocular functions). Torticollis without binocular functions is discussed in brief. PMID- 7230672 TI - [Hyperplasias of mucous, sebaceous and lacrimal glands and of blood vessels at the caruncula lacrimalis (author's transl)]. AB - A caruncular swelling with light brown pigmentation suggests a compound or junctional nevus. A proliferation of mucous cells is very often found inside this nevus (cases 1 and 2). A yellowish lobular tumor of the caruncle is found in hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands (case 3). Adenomata of the lacrimal glands and oncocytomata may be of a glazed reddish color (case 4), whereas a red caruncle suggests a hemangioma (case 5). PMID- 7230673 TI - [The importance of fluorescein angiography in the diagnosis of Stargardt's mascular degeneration (author's transl)]. AB - A comparison between the fundus photographs and the fluorescein angiogram at the beginning of this disease shows the great informative value of fluorescein angiography. At first the distinct functional losses are most important; ophthalmoscopically, only slight pigment irregularities are discernible. In the fluorescein angiogram the picture of fundus flavimaculatus is already distinguishable at this stage of the disease. These findings led support to the view that Stargardt's macular degeneration and fundus flavimaculatus are identical. PMID- 7230674 TI - [Secondary pigment dispersion syndrome following 24 years of medically induced mydriasis (author's transl)]. AB - A 59-year-old male patient with congenital central cataract was treated for 24 years with atropine, scopolamine, and thyramine hydrochloride eye drops to achieve a permanent mydriasis for optical reasons. He developed a peculiar secondary pigment dispersion syndrome, which is interpreted as a complication of the excessive pupillary excursion on the anterior lens surface following iatrogenic mydriasis. This may be differentiated from the idiopathic and other more common types of secondary pigment dispersion syndrome, mainly by the location of the defects in the pigment epithelium of the iris. PMID- 7230675 TI - [Posttraumatic fat embolism of the retina (author's transl)]. AB - Following a description of the clinical course of general fat embolism two cases of fat embolism with eye involvement seen by the authors are described. The course of the disease as well as the ophthalmoscopic picture are discussed and the condition is differentiated from traumatic angiopathy of the retina (Purtscher's disease). PMID- 7230676 TI - [The use of a viscous substance (Healon) to improve tactility (author's transl)]. AB - Now that a clinically suitable viscous substance (Healon) has become available for use in ophthalmic surgery, it is worthwhile to examine in greater depth the problems of tactility and methods of resolving them with viscous substances. These are not simple substitutes for aqueous humor which, once introduced, may be left in the eye. It is more appropriate to compare them with mechanical instruments employed for a specific purpose and subsequently removed. Thanks to their stabilizing effect, viscous substances increase safety in many types of manipulation. However, their use calls for a thorough knowledge of their side effects. This has to be learned, as is the case with any new instrument. PMID- 7230677 TI - [Temporary filencleisis as an operation of glaucoma (author's transl)]. AB - This report concerns temporary filencleisis by means of an absorbable thread as a conjunctival covered procedure in 46 eyes, and as a scleral covered procedure in 104 eyes. The scleral covered method has the advantage of more reliable pressure regulation. In addition, during the course of the cure fewer complications (anterior chamber problems) were observed. The period of observation averaged two to three years. Regulation of pressure was achieved by the scleral covered procedure in 89% of the cases, although in 50% of the cases only in combination with subsequent local medication. Vision, postoperative corneal astigmatism and the effect of the number of threads employed in suturing the scleral flap on the healing process and on postoperative suppression of tension are discussed. PMID- 7230678 TI - [Bivalent-vegetative long-term therapy with glauko biciron (author's transl)]. AB - Long-term therapy using a combination of Pilocarpine and Phenylephrine in three different concentrations is described. The trial was carried out in the form of a multi-center study by general practitioners and showed the constant effect over lengthy periods of time, with no signs of tachyphylaxis or an increase in effect, which would have pointed to an increase in the effective level. The number of side-effects is minimal, due to the submaximal doses used. PMID- 7230679 TI - [Ocular findings in leprosy: results of a survey in the Green Pastures Leprosy Hospital, Nepal (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred and seventy leprous patients underwent ophthalmic examination; of those with tuberculoid leprosy, 49.3% had ocular pathology; in patients with lepromatous leprosy the corresponding figure was 61.4%. 4.7 percent of all eyes examined were blind. Early chemotherapy prevents further complications in tuberculoid leprosy, but not in ;the lepromatous type. The results are compared with those of other authors. PMID- 7230680 TI - [Investigations into mucous membrane compatibility using the Endorfer Jod Thermalsole treatment of the conjunctivae of rabbits (author's transl)]. AB - The conjunctivae of nine rabbits of the same breed were used to compare the local compatibility of the Endorfer Jod-Thermalsole with that of a physiological NaCl solution. The neuroleptanalgesics were administered using perfusion techniques. The reddening thus caused was used to measure the degree of inflammation. The reddening was assessed subjectively according to a points system and then photographed under the same conditions for greater objectivity. The slides are archived in the Institute for Balneology and Climatology of the University of Munich. After administering the Endorfer Jod-Thermalsole to the mucous membranes for 30 and 60 minutes there was no difference in compatibility as compares to a physiological NaCl solution. No appreciable irritation occurred. PMID- 7230682 TI - [Iris distortion in acute primary glaucoma (author's transl)]. AB - In acute primary glaucoma tangential distortion of the iris in the pupillary zones are often seen. The reason for these iris changes has not yet been satisfactorily explained. PMID- 7230681 TI - [Recurrent corneal swelling accompanying intermittent hemodialysis in terminal kidney failure (author's transl(]. AB - Typical eye changes in dialysis patients, which have been attributed to an osmotic disequilibrium, are elevated IOP, retinal edema or detachment, and cataract. This paper reports on a 66-year-old aphakic patient on intermittent hemodialysis, who developed corneal changes that may also be consequential to a disequilibrium. During hemodialysis treatments she repeatedly developed corneal swellings and bullous detachment of the corneal epithelium. These changes were always reversible during the period between treatments. Examination with the reflecting microscope demonstrated an endothelial cell density of 600/mm2, which is assumed to be the threshold density capable of maintaining corneal integrity under normal conditions, but is inadequate under the osmotic stress induced by hemodialysis. Methods of treatment are discussed. PMID- 7230683 TI - [Reasons for postoperative deterioration of visual fields in cases of advanced primary open-angle glaucoma (author's transl)]. AB - In 86 patients suffering from advanced glaucomatous field defects visual functions were evaluated up to 12 years postoperatively. There was a 50% deterioration in visual acuity in 29 eyes (34%). This was mainly caused by new cataract formation. Visual fields were examined on the Tubingen perimeter. In 12 out of 80 eyes there was suspected deterioration and in another 28 eyes (35%) confirmed deterioration. In no case did surgery cause the preoperative field to disintegrate. The deterioration, which usually accelerates slowly, is a consequence of general vascular diseases such as diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis or hypertonia. PMID- 7230684 TI - [Modification of Mackensen's and Corydon's technique for reattaching the ciliary body (author's transl)]. AB - The weakness of Mackensen's and Corydon's method of reattaching the ciliary body in hypotonic syndrome lies in the closure of the scleral wound. We therefore recommend additional fibrinous cementing of the scleral suture with lyophilized dura mater. Since we adopted this technique we have observed no cases of wound dehiscence. PMID- 7230685 TI - [The significance of candida albicans conjunctivitis (author's transl)]. AB - Report on mycological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of candida-albicans conjunctivitis from dermatological, ophthalmological and microbiological viewpoints. PMID- 7230686 TI - [Electrophysiological and CT evidence of visual cortex infarction (author's transl)]. AB - In a 74-year-old patient with sudden loss of vision the ERG was normal while the VEPs were highly pathologic. CT confirmed a bilateral vascular lesion in the perfusion area of the posterior cerebral arteries. PMID- 7230687 TI - [Echometrical measurement of bulb length (author's transl)]. AB - The average length of bulbs measured echometrically was 23.4 mm out of 60 pairs of bulbs measured, four showed differences of more than 2 mm. PMID- 7230688 TI - [Clinical application of millimetric cover test (author's transl)]. AB - The strabismic angle can be evaluated by measuring, with a millimeter ruler, the limbus shift of the nonfixating eye by assuming fixation. Each millimeter of temporal limbus shift corresponds to an adduction of about 4.6 degrees, and each millimeter of nasal limbus shift to an abduction of about 4.8 degrees. This technique permits rapid evaluation of the strabismic deviation without disturbing the sensory situation. It is very useful in the estimation of large and variable deviations, of vertical deviations and of the amplitude of nystagmus movements, in cases where the "rebound-saccades" render the prism cover test unreliable, in measurements of horizontal deviation in up and down gaze. PMID- 7230689 TI - [Kestenbaum transposition for treatment of retraction syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - In pronounced forced attitude in consequence of retraction syndrome, abduction capacity with good head posture can be attained by Kestenbaum transposition. The advantages are in the retention of the motility present, with a more favorable distribution. At the same time, an exophoria for the previously most favorable glance direction is avoided. Proportioning must be small because of the stiffness of the muscles (4 to 6 mm). In less pronounced cases, the indication is not quite so convincing. Proportioning and problems arising from the stiffness of the muscles are briefly discussed. Where strabismus verus is also present squint operations and transpositions should be performed in separate sessions. PMID- 7230690 TI - [Retraction syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - A report on 70 cases of retraction syndrome (Stilling-Turk-Duane). The patients presented with typical symptoms: severe limitation of abduction, slight limitation of adduction and convergence, which is always accompanied by retraction of the globe, narrowing of the palpebral fissure, vertical deviation and elevated intraocular pressure, and a remarkable motility of the globe in the orbital axis. All symptoms are explicable by fibrosis or coinnervation of the lateral rectus muscle. Usually, single binocular vision is present with or without a forced attitude of the head. This forced attitude is such that the affected eye utilizes the reduced abduction fully and does not avoid the abduction (as in typical abducens-paresis), but retraction. In cases of single binocular vision, surgery is indicated only when the forced attitude of the head is intolerable. We restrict surgery to recession of horizontal rectus muscles according to the forced attitude. PMID- 7230691 TI - [Ectropion operation with auricular cartilage grafts (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on the transplantation of auricular cartilage grafts in the Kuhnt-Meller ectropion operation to stabilize the tarsus. In three cases with spastic and paralytic ectropion the technique was successful. PMID- 7230692 TI - [Congenital dystrophy of the pigment layer of the posterior pole with congenital total hypotrichosis (author's transl)]. AB - Report on a case of juvenile macular degeneration manifesting as dysplasia of the pigment layer of the posterior pole, accompanied by a hair abnormality, congenital total hypotrichosis. PMID- 7230693 TI - [Multiple ischemic infarction in the retina and uvea due to crystalline corticosteroid embolisms following subcutaneous facial infections (author's transl)]. AB - Segmental ischemic infarctions in the uvea and retina were seen following injections of crystalline cortisone into keloids in the ipsilateral forehead skin. Seven similar cases described in the recent literature--also mainly due to crystalline corticosteroids--and several cases due to paraffin treatment, dating from the early years of this century, are discussed. The morphological basis of this rare, though typical, complication is the function of the ophthalmic artery as a bridging artery between the extracranial and intracranial circulation. An increase in pressure in branches of the external carotid artery--caused, for example, by peribulbar or facial injections--results in a reversal of flow and can lead to ischemic infarctions in the eye and orbit if embolizing substances are injected. PMID- 7230694 TI - [Valves in the orbital veins as the cause of orbital varix (author's transl)]. AB - Description of a 68-year-old woman with intermittent exophthalmus produced by valves in the orbital veins, which have not been described hitherto. PMID- 7230695 TI - [An analysis of the characteristic features of juvenile detachment (author's transl)]. AB - A report on 51 children and young people of up to 20 years of age with retinal detachment; the authors have attempted an analysis of the characteristic features of juvenile detachment, which for 4.6% of all cases of amotio. The male/female ratio is 4 : 1. Inexplicably, amotio occurs more frequently in the left eye than in the right. Most of the cases described (53.6%) were caused by trauma. Dialysis was the most common type of tear found, whereas not a single horseshoe break was observed. In spite of a healing rate of 79%, only one-third of the children attained a visual acuity of 12/20 to 20/20, usually because of a macular impairment. PMID- 7230696 TI - [A modified cataract incision: limbal step incision with partial conjunctival covering of the suture (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a cataract incision technique, which combines the advantages of the corneoscleral site (conjunctival covering, mechanical strength of the resulting scar) with those of a corneal incision (sparing of the angle structures, good visibility, simple and nontraumatic suture removal) and those of a continuous nylon suture (unimpaired wound healing, even adaptation). PMID- 7230697 TI - [Arden test for early glaucomatous damage (author's transl)]. AB - With the aid of the Arden grading test 27 eyes with early glaucomatous visual field defects and 80 normal control eyes were examined in a double-blind study. Eighteen eyes with early glaucomatous visual field defects had values which were clearly higher (83-130) than the control eyes. In nine of the diseased eyes Arden scores were 68-82, i.e., similar to those obtained in the normal eyes. PMID- 7230698 TI - [Histological findings following Elliot-Fronimopoulos trephination (author's transl)]. AB - In histological examinations with serial sections an open trephination hole and a persistent slitlike space between the scleral flap and the sclera were found up to 17 months after Elliot-Fronimopoulos goniotrephination with scleral flap. This condition could be the "parathalamus" described by Fronimopoulos et al. PMID- 7230699 TI - [Clinical aspects of tear gas burns on the cornea (author's transl)]. AB - A report on the consequences of tear gas burns on the cornea and other extraocular and intraocular injuries sustained by 45 patients. Forty burns were caused by pistol shots, while five of the patients treated had burns from tear gas sprays. This report covers the distribution of the patients according to age and sex and described changes in central visual acuity. Differences in the type of injury according to the cause (explosive or aerosol) can be demonstrated: aerosol burns had less severe consequences. Twelve of the 45 patients were followed up. PMID- 7230700 TI - [Timolol in the treatment of glaucoma (author's transl)]. AB - Untolerated or insufficiently effective Therapy in 32 patients (63 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma was discontinued and substituted with Timolol, and all patients were followed up over a period of 60 weeks. Timolol was well tolerated in all cases without any local or systemic side effects. Either alone or in combination with other medications Timolol brought about an adequate reduction in intraocular pressure in eyes which hitherto had no longer responded to conventional conservative therapy. PMID- 7230701 TI - [Visual acuity and binocular function in cases of bilateral pseudophakia (author's transl)]. AB - Of 37 patients with bilateral pseudopakia, 33 had a visual acuity of at least 0.3 in the better eye and 26 at least 0.3 in the eye with poorer vision. Ten out of 17 patients achieved stereopsis of 100 angle-seconds and better. Normal perception of space-body relationships is rapidly regained after operation and patients are spared the trouble of getting accustomed to cataract lenses. Useful binocular function can be achieved. PMID- 7230702 TI - [Intraocular lens implants: functional considerations, with special reference to traffic requirements (author's transl)]. AB - High demands are made on the visual perception of individuals involved in driving, navigation and aviation. Aphakic subjects in particular may attain good central function after operation, but are subject to stringent regulations with regard to their fitness to drive, etc. Their uncorrected vision and visual fields are poor. If only one eye is aphakic there are problems especially with binocular vision. Only the implantation of an artificial lens can return the eye to a "normal" condition. Since, for many patients, driving etc. is an essential part of their occupation, there is also a social problem involved. The authors believe that such considerations justify implantation of a lens. Even where very high demands are made on function, as in the case of airline pilots, vision is fully satisfactory for traffic purposes following artificial lens implantation. PMID- 7230703 TI - [Technique of intubation of lacrimal ducts (author's transl)]. AB - The technique of intubation of the lacrimal system is described. A silicone tube with stainless steel probes on either end is used. Special emphasis is placed on management of difficulties in finding the probe in the nose and guiding it with a lacrimal groove director. PMID- 7230704 TI - [Anomalous bilateral single vision in cases of severe squint deviation: investigations with Bagolini glasses (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty patients with concomitant strabismus, ARC and a horizontal deviation of between 10 and 30 degrees (13 convergent, seven divergent) were examined with striated glasses to determine areas of anomalous simultaneous binocular vision. Such an area was found in a zone between the visual field centers of the two eyes in 18 cases. On the basis of these findings the authors suspect that harmonious ARC permits anomalous binocular vision only in field areas where retinal points with identical images have no significant difference in function. In the other areas of the binocular visual field, ARC provides for optimal perception of detail by suppression of the more peripherally situated retinal point. PMID- 7230705 TI - [Stereoscopic vision with central scotomata (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty-nine patients with convergent microstrabismus and 24 patients with central organic scotoma underwent measurements of stereo acuity. Stereopsis at distance was measured by means of a polarization haploscope using "plane-tests" and random dot tests respectively. For near stereopsis were used commercially available tests (Titmus Test, TNO-Test). Organic scotomata can be divided into "circumscribed central scotomata" and "sievelike scotomata", the latter leading to poorer performance in random dot tests. Large plane tests yielded better results than small ones. In microstrabism we found stereo acuities similar to those of patients with "sievelike scotoma". The results support the theory of displacement of fusion within Panum's area in microstrabismus leading to decreased local stereopsis due to decreased concentration of stereo units at the border of Panum's area. PMID- 7230706 TI - [Four methods of cyclodeviation measurement, especially the Cuppers deviometer (author's transl)]. AB - A comparison of four methods of cyclodeviation measurement was made (Cuppers Deviometer, Scale Maddox cylinder glass, Aulhorn Phase difference haploscope, Cuppers Synoptometer) with 25 complaint-free controls without cyclovertical deviations; the advantages and disadvantages of the instruments are described. Physiological peculiarities in the measurement of the subjective horizontals are demonstrated by the clinical example of a patient with decompensated paresis of the m. obliquus superior. The extent of cycloduction depends on the direction of rotation, from which the measurement is made, on the test object, and on the influence of normal environmental experiences ("Erfahrungsmotive" according to Bielschowsky). It is shown that a unilateral paresis of the m. obliquus superior can be compensated motorically by cycloversion. With "Erfahrungsmotiven" excycloduction can be found neither subjectively (subjective horizontal) nor motorically (regular position of the blind spot). PMID- 7230707 TI - [Illustration of the incomitance pattern in congenital unilateral obliquus superior paresis with the synoptometer (author's transl)]. AB - The step-by-step measurement of VD (vertical deviation) by means of the synoptometer demonstrates the incomitance pattern clearly. This procedure was applied in 28 cases of congenital trochlear palsy. Three incomitance patterns of VD produced by the horizontal change of gaze were found: Adduction type: Absence of VD in abduction and primary position, marked increase in adduction. A zone of relative concomitance with comfortable binocular vision may be found. Linear type: Linear increase of VD with the movement toward adduction. Marked VD in primary position. Compensation more difficult. Mixed type: Linear type with marked VD in abduction. In all cases, the horizontal angle was very small, often together with a moderate V-incomitance. The incomitance caused by vertical change of gaze was only moderate. It occurred mainly between the horizontal and elevated positions. The above-mentioned classification and the classification based on incomitance with vertical change of gaze are compared. PMID- 7230708 TI - [Effectiveness of oblique recession with and without resection of horizontal recti in A and V patterns (author's transl)]. AB - Report on 50 patients (17 V-esotropia, 6 V-exotropia, 17 A-esotropia, 10 A exotropia) who were re-examined between six weeks and six months after oblique recession without/with resection of horizontal recti (procedure of Bietti, Boyd, Lavat et al.). The reduction in A and V patterns achieved varied considerably and nd was unpredictable. In 45% of the patients there was no change at all, or at most a slight change of less than 3%. Thus, the procedure appears to be less effective than oblique muscle surgery or vertical transposition of horizontal recti. Nevertheless, the oblique recession-resection procedure might be of limited use of torsional effects induced by transposition of horizontal recti are undesirable for functional reasons. A curious finding was the reduction in A and V patterns in three out of five patients who were treated with oblique recessions without/with resection in the opposite direction. PMID- 7230709 TI - [Efficacy of the "Fadenoperation" (author's transl)]. AB - The "Fadenoperation" creates an artificial paresis, the effect of which increases in the field of action of the muscle operated upon. The postoperative effect on eye position and motility was studied in order to find the typical curve of influence upon the angle in different directions of gaze. In esotropia a fixation of the medial rectus muscle 13 mm behind its insertion will create an average angle reduction of 4 degrees in the primary position of gaze and 12 degrees (9 degrees long-term) in lateral gaze with the operated eye adducted. - Fadenoperations cause a reduction of (overacting) convergence (non-accomodative), adduction, and changing angle. The paper deals with the majority of patients who show overacting convergence and changing angles but lack an increasing angle in version movements. This means that in lateral gaze overcorrection may occur: From the curve of angle reduction the surgeon can derive a slight exponential decrease of each of the three partial functions. Fadenoperation, therefore, will suit well in patients showing overactions of all three components, but will bring "side effects" in cases which lack one or two of these dysfunctions. Bilateral Fadenoperations produce a minor incomitance pattern. PMID- 7230710 TI - [Notes on a modification of Cupper's Faden operation (the "false faden") (author's transl)]. AB - A "false faden operation was performed in 13 cases. In contrast to Cupper's faden operation it had no lasting effect. The results of other authors were not confirmed. PMID- 7230711 TI - [Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis in Moebius' syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - In a 16-year-old boy with congenital bilateral paralysis of the sixth cranial nerve and unilateral paralysis of the seventh nerve (on the right) heterochromia of the right eye was observed, characterized by a lighter color of the iris, precipitates on Descemet's membrane and absence of synechiae. The development of Fuch's heterochromic cyclitis in combination with Moebius' syndrome is discussed in connection with possible pathogenic factors, in particular immunopathologic processes which may contribute to an understanding of the origin and progression of the disease. PMID- 7230712 TI - [Eye disease in cases of chronic atrophic polychondritis (author's transl)]. AB - Four patients with relapsing polychondritis and eye disease were observed. Diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical symptoms of multifocal chondritis and episcleritis in one case. In the latter patient the disease started with slight visual impairment due to retinal hemorrhage and edema. Despite a relapsing course all patients eventually responded well to topical and systemic corticosteroids. Immunopathologic events are discussed. PMID- 7230713 TI - [Infrared thermographic investigation of the mechanism of action of timolol (author's transl)]. AB - Distribution of local temperature in the anterior segment was investigated after topical administration of Timolol 0.5% utilizing infrared thermography. Eighty patients were included in this study; the untreated eye was used as a control. Within 30 minutes of instillation of Timolol a decrease in local temperature of up to 3 degrees C could be observed in 44% of the cases, whereas in 32% no change and in the remaining 24% a small increase of up to 1 degree C occurred. In ten other patients thermography and applanation tonometry were carried out simultaneously over a period of 4 hours following topical administration of Timolol; in this preliminary series a maximal local temperature decrease occurred after 90 minutes, i.e., prior to the maximal effect on intraocular pressure. It is concluded from these results that topical administration of Timolol reduces the ciliary blood flow. PMID- 7230714 TI - [Myopexia posterior with tissue adhesive (author's transl)]. AB - Myopexia posterior with tissue adhesive has many advantages over the classic procedure employed in the Cuppers "Fadenoperation". The technique presents few complications, is simple, time-saving and causes no trauma. After experiments on animals, we have now successfully employed this technique on human ocular muscles. PMID- 7230715 TI - [Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis with tobramycin and gentamicin: animal experiments (author's transl)]. AB - Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbit eyes was treated with Gentamicin and Tobramycin. There was no statistically significant difference between these antibiotics in the elimination of bacteria and regression of keratitis. The clinical results, however, were better in the Tobramycin group. PMID- 7230716 TI - [The influence of cortisone in treatment of pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis in rabbit eyes]. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis in rabbit eyes was treated with Tobramycin in combination with cortisone. There was no statistically significant difference between this combination and the antibiotic alone in this experimental model. Moderate doses of cortisone, applied subconjunctivally in addition to Tobramycin produced the best results. PMID- 7230717 TI - [Chorioidal metastasis of a hypernephroma (author's transl)]. AB - Five years after removal of a kidney because of hypernephroma a chorioidal metastasis of this tumor grew. Histologically, light cells dominated, sharply demarcated by cell membranes, with a small nucleus, (plant cells), and many haemorrhages of different sizes, some of which were even situated on the surface of the tumor. The corresponding red color seems to be pathognomonic for chorioidal metastases of renal carcinoma. PMID- 7230718 TI - [Treatment of glaucoma with a pilocarpine-dipivefrin combination (author's transl)]. AB - The author considers that the combined use of pilocarpine and Dipivefrin (Thiloadren) represents an additional effective method of regulating pressure as physiologically as possible in glaucomatous eyes with trophic disorders, thus further reducing the need for surgery. The efficacy of this drop combination is demonstrated with reference to 71 glaucoma patients. The advantages of 0.1% Dipivefrin as compared to 1% epinephrine are pointed out. PMID- 7230719 TI - [A simple ERG-EOG apparatus for clinical use (author's transl)]. AB - This paper describes the concept and construction of an ERG-EOG apparatus which satisfies the requirements of clinical routine and which is realizable at a reasonable cost. The instrument comprises a ganzfeld stimulator (Ulbricht sphere), with a filter bank holding up to six filters, a flash lamp, and small stimulus lamps for the EOG. The responses are recorded binocularly. The electronic components are commercially available (high quality industrial electronics). The ERG may be recorded with the patient sitting or supine. PMID- 7230720 TI - [The abortion problem from the ophthalmologist's point of view (author's transl)]. AB - This article is devoted to the problems associated with termination of pregnancy as seen by the ophthalmologist. It starts by pointing out the ophthalmological indications which have to be considered in this connection. Pediatric indications are then discussed, in particular the highly problematic clinical picture of diabetic retinitis. Last not least, in view of the revision of the (German) abortion law, psychosocial indications must be considered; in this respect an unequivocal attitude should be adopted. PMID- 7230721 TI - Role of the spleen in congenital stomatocytosis associated with high sodium-low potassium erythrocytes. AB - A girl of German origin with severe congenital hemolytic anemia was found to have overhydrated erythrocytes with markedly increased sodium and reduced potassium concentrations. The cells were stomatocytic with increased osmotic fragility and autohemolysis. Their excessively increased energy production was mainly used for active cation transport. The cells were highly vulnerable to metabolic depletion. Their normal deformability was reduced rapidly during deprivation of glucose. In acidic, hypoglycemic environment of the splenic pulp the cells become swollen and lysed. After splenectomy anemia improved though increased hemolysis persisted. PMID- 7230722 TI - [A rheological method for the measurement of red cell deformability (author's transl)]. AB - In a comparison of the filtration methods of Reid et al. and Schmid-Schonbein et al., the significance of other formed blood elements for the assessment of red cell deformability is established. The hydrodynamic measurements and the morphological inspection of the sieves show the interference of red cell pore passage by thrombozyte aggregates and white blood cells (which were not further identified). In light of these findings, which have since been corroborated by other groups, it is mandatory to remove all cellular blood elements exept the red cells in filtration test of the latter. Lowering the hematocrit improves the reliability of the test. The whole blood filtration test, popular because of its simplicity, cannot be standardized and yields results of questionable relevance. PMID- 7230723 TI - [Sensitivity and specificity of cross-sectional echocardiography in the diagnosis of myocardial scars (author's transl)]. PMID- 7230724 TI - [Increased cell renewal of epithelial cells in the gallbladder induced by lithogenic diet (author's transl)]. AB - Mice fed a diet containing 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid develop gallstones within six or eight weeks. Experimental lithogenesis initiates an increase in the proliferative activity of epithelial cells in the gallbladder well before the appearance of gallstones. During the initial stages of experimental cholelithiasis an increase in the number of labelled (tritiated thymidine) nuclei in mitosis and in the DNA-synthetic period was found. The labelled nuclei were observed particularly on the epithelial surface of the gallbladder; many of them were about to exfoliate into the lumen. These data were confirmed by applying vincristine. We would suggest that the rapid exfoliation of the proliferating cells could be one of the nucleating factors that promote gallstones formation. PMID- 7230725 TI - [Results of treatment with ABVD in C-MOPP-resistant Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. AB - 22 Patients were treated with ABVD, 19 (18 stage IV B 1 stage III B) could be evaluated. No patient with impaired but 7 of 13 patients with intact bone-marrow function achieved a complete remission. A complete remission was also achieved by all 4 patients with a treatment- and disease-free interval but only by 3 of 15 without a free interval. Pretreatment, histology, duration of disease, and age showed no clear prognostic significance with respect to induction of remission. Toxicity was severe especially in patients over 50 years of age. 2 patients discontinued therapy because of gastro-intestinal toxicity. 2 of 8 died of treatment-related causes (1 leukemia, 1 sudden cardiac death). In 3 patients with high-dose mediastinal irradiation a pneumonitis secondary to bleomycin contributed significantly to death. Our results suggest that ABVD is an effective salvage-regimen for some subgroups of MOPP-failures. PMID- 7230726 TI - Hypercalcemia in hyperthyroidism. Role of age and goiter type. AB - Hyperthyroidism is often associated with hypercalcemia which is provoked by osteoclastic activity of the thyroid hormones. These data show that hypercalcemia develops with increasing age and in the presence of a special type of hyperthyroid goiter. Total serum calcium, total protein, and albumin as well as different parameters of thyroid function, namely T3 RIA1, T4 test, ETR and TRH test were determined in a group of 147 patients. The ionized calcium level was estimated from total calcium and albumin. 211 measurements were performed. Hyperthyroidism existed in 92 cases. Total calcium was not significantly elevated in hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroid patients under 61 years of age showed elevated ionized calcium levels in only 2.3% and patients over 60 years of age in 18.8% of cases. Elevated ionized serum calcium levels were observed in 43.8% of hyperthyroid patients with multinodular goiters. The linear correlation between ionized calcium levels and different parameters of thyroid function is much more pronounced in the older group and it was found to be highly significant. 7 of 9 hyperthyroid patients with elevated ionized calcium levels showed multinodular goiters, though no autonomous adenoma. In the hyperthyroid group of patients of over 60 years of age with multinodular goiters the incidence of hypercalcemia was 43.8%. Direct action of thyroid hormone on calcium turnover as well as increasing age and special goiter type seem to be responsible for disturbances in calcium metabolism. A possible calcitonin deficiency in the above mentioned conditions is discussed. PMID- 7230728 TI - Does chronic aspirin treatment increase blood pressure in man? AB - In postmyocardial infarction patients longterm aspirin treatment with 1.5 g/day led to a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after 6 months. This could not be found in the placebo- and the phenprocoumon-treated patients. After one year the blood pressure behaviour was the same in all three treatment groups. As nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs can produce hypertension in animals, probably due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, blood pressure control in longterm aspirin treatment is advisable. PMID- 7230727 TI - [The long Q-T syndrome without Q-T prolongation (author's transl)]. AB - Case description of a 30 year-old woman with recurrent attacks of symptomatic ventricular tachyarrhythmias but without Q-T prolongation in the electrocardiogram. All conventional antiarrhythmic agents failed to suppress the arrhythmia and electrical defibrillation had to be carried out 99 times. Blockade of the left stellate ganglion with lidocaine followed by stellectomy led to successful control of the dangerous rhythm disturbance for a follow-up period of 1.5 years. As in patients with the classical long Q-T syndrome stellate ganglion blockade and stellectomy might be indicated in cases with the so called latent Q T syndrome and life threatening ventricular arrhythmias resistant to antiarrhythmic agents. PMID- 7230729 TI - Protective effect of zinc against catecholamine-induced myocardial changes electrocardiographic and ultrastructural studies. PMID- 7230730 TI - Effect of circulating immune complexes on Fc and C3 receptors of Kupffer cells in vivo. AB - Lewis rats were given a single intravenous injection of soluble immune complexes, composed of human serum albumin and rabbit anti-human serum albumin, prepared with either whole antiserum or purified IgG antibodies. The animals were sacrificed at intervals ranging from 2 to 24 hours, and Fc and C3 receptor activities of Kupffer cells were studied in Kupffer cell-enriched suspensions and in frozen sections of liver, using red cell rosetting techniques employing IgGEA and IgMEAC reagents. At 2 to 12 hours, there was reduction or loss of Fc and C3 receptor activity. The extent of reduction correlated with the amount of complexes injected. Both C3 and Fc receptor activity returned to normal levels within 24 hours. Immunofluorescence revealed rabbit IgG in numerous Kupffer cells at 2 hours, but in almost none at 6 to 12 hours after injection. 125I trace labeled immune complexes were shown to be cleared more slowly than normal in animals injected 2 hours earlier with immune complexes. The findings show that circulating immune complexes can produce loss of Fc and C3 receptor function of Kupffer cells in vivo and provide evidence that this can result in diminished clearance of complexes. PMID- 7230731 TI - Histomorphometric evaluation of the effects of low dose parathyroid hormone administration on cortical bone remodeling in adult dogs. AB - The effects of low dose levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on cortical bone remodeling of adult dogs were evaluated under conditions of normal turnover and accelerated remodeling produced by periosteal elevation. Six female dogs were administered PTH (2.5 units per kg. per day) intravenously in equally divided doses 6 hours apart for 60 days. The level and dose schedule of PTH used in this study resulted in a significant elevation in blood calcium above baseline values only at experimental day 5, no change in serum phosphorus and magnesium, and a transient increase in urinary hydroxyproline excretion on day 10. Accelerated cortical bone remodeling was induced by surgical elevation of periosteum of the 9th rib prior to PTH administration. Static and dynamic bone changes were analyzed using histomorphometric methods following tetracycline and DCAF ((2,4 bis) N, N'-di-(Carboxymethyl) aminomethyl fluorescein) in vivo double labeling. The results of this study suggested that the response of cortical bone to PTH was dependent upon the existing remodeling rate. PTH increased the radial closure rate and decreased the osteon formation time in unaltered cortical bone. These findings suggested that the initial anabolic effect of PTH may be due to increased bone formation at the osteoblastic level in existing Haversian units. In ribs with periosteal elevation, PTH decreased the circumference and thickness of osteoid seams, and there was a trend toward prolonged osteon formation time. The number of bone resorption sites was greater than the number of formation sites. PTH administration did not significantly change activation frequency or remodeling in cortical bone of adult dogs under conditions of normal turnover or accelerated remodeling. The accelerated remodeling produced by periosteal elevation appeared to mask certain responses to cortical bone to low dose levels of PTH. PMID- 7230732 TI - Lysosomal alterations in heart, skeletal muscle, and liver of hyperthyroid rabbits. AB - Daily administration of L- or D-thyroxine for 1 week produced hypertrophy of the heart and atrophy of skeletal muscle and liver. The myocardial hypertrophy was accompanied by a rise in the activity of cathepsin D but not of cathepsin B; this was correlated with an increase in cathepsin-D-rich interstitial cells while the number of cathepsin-D-positive lysosomes in myocytes was decreased, as assessed from immunohistochemistry. In atrophying skeletal muscle (soleus and tibialis anterialis), large increases in the activities of cathepsins B and D were present. Immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin D revealed that in thyrotoxic striated muscle cells this acid proteinase had become localized diffusely in the paranuclear myoplasm. The atrophying liver of thyrotoxic rabbits also developed large increases in cathepsin D activity, but in this organ the increase was correlated with an increased number of cathepsin-D-positive secondary lysosomes without diffuse extralysosomal deposits. These observations indicate that changes in lysosomes and lysosomal enzyme activities elicited by thyrotoxicosis are tissue-specific. In some organs, the changes may be associated with net changes in protein balance or with tissue injury, but the exact functional significance of the lysosomal alterations remains uncertain. PMID- 7230733 TI - Mycosis fungoides: diagnostic criteria based on quantitative electron microscopy. AB - Quantitative electron microscopy can provide objective measurements of nuclear atypia in lymphoid cells in skin biopsies during early stages of infiltration of the skin as part of inflammatory or neoplastic processes. This potentially provides a method for establishing reproducible criteria for determining whether an individual skin biopsy represents mycosis fungoides or is unlikely to represent mycosis fungoides. To investigate such criteria, quantitative electron microscopic studies of skin biopsies from 109 patients were performed. Seventy seven patients had benign disorders, 16 patients had early mycosis fungoides, and 16 patients had controversial lesions. Measurements were made of lymphocyte nuclear profile perimeter and areas in electron micrographs. A nuclear contour index was calculated. On the basis of the mean degree of nuclear convolution alone, mycosis fungoides was not adequately distinguished from benign disorders. Better discrimination was achieved when the proportion of cells with a anuclear contour index of 9.0 or more was considered as an additional actor. When statistical methods were used to select discriminating factors, the best electron microscopic discrimination between benign and mycosis fungoides groups occurred when the proportion of cells with a nuclear contour index of 7 or more and the proportion of cells with a nuclear profile area greater than 30 sq. micrometer. were used together. Nomograms are presented which demonstrate the use of these criteria for a given case. PMID- 7230734 TI - Ultrastructural distribution of inorganic iron in normal and iron-loaded hepatic cells. PMID- 7230735 TI - Community pathology of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in New Orleans. Morphologic findings in young black and white men. AB - Mortality from coronary heart disease is greater in young black men than in their white counterparts. On the other hand, the morphologic correlates of coronary heart disease, namely, coronary artery stenosis and occlusion, thrombus, and myocardial lesions are strikingly similar in coronary heart disease deaths regardless of race. Diseases related to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease such as cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic renal disease are also more frequent in young black men than in young white men, but the excess of coronary heart disease in blacks is evident irrespective of these diseases. Our findings are based on a community-wide survey of black and white men, 25 to 44 years of age, who lived, died, and were autopsied in Orleans Parish (county) Louisiana. Since the morphologic features of the disease are similar in the two races, investigation of risk factors is needed to further explain mechanisms associated with the relatively high coronary heart disease death rate in young blacks. PMID- 7230736 TI - Evidence of glomerular epithelial cell endocytosis in vitro. AB - The disappearance rate of protamine-heparin aggregates (PHA) from the lamina rara externa of the glomerular basement membrane was determined in vitro to better characterize the clearance mechanism. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravenously with protamine, followed by a neutralizing dose of heparin, and the glomeruli were isolated and incubated in Dulbecco's tissue culture medium. After obtaining a baseline sample, aliquots were taken every 10 minutes for an hour. The samples were processed for electron microscopy, and the numerical density of PHA in the lamina rara externa was determined using a computerized morphometric technique. Disappearance curves for PHA were constructed by expressing the numerical density at each point as a percentage of the baseline value and plotting the logarithm against time. At 37 degree C., the disappearance of PHA was rapid (t 1/2 = 24 minutes), followed first order kinetics (R2 = 0.9948), and was almost complete by 1 hour. The epithelial cells took up PHA by an endocytic process. Significant inhibition of PHA disappearance was achieved when the glomeruli were incubated at 4 degree C. and with 10(-3) M NaF. These data indicate that PHA disappearance is an energy-dependent cell function, and it was concluded that glomerular epithelial cell endocytosis is the principal mechanism of PHA clearance. PMID- 7230737 TI - Freeze fracture studies of human neuromuscular junctions. Membrane alterations observed in myasthenia gravis. AB - Freeze fracture replicas of neuromuscular junctions from normal human patients and those with facioscapulohumeral and limb girdle muscular dystrophies, progressive muscular atrophy, and myasthenia gravis were examined by stereoscopic electron microscopy. Endplates from most human patients closely resemble those of normal adult rats fixed by intravascular perfusion. However, endplates from patients with myasthenia gravis have clinically relevant alterations in postsynaptic membrane infrastructure, including decreased number of P-face particles and increased number of E-face particles in the crests of the junctional folds. Other junctional fold crests are narrowed or obliterated and are replaced by incompletely sealed membrane vesicles rich in intramembrane particles. Similar alterations are not produced in rat endplates by immersion fixation, exposure to low pH, brief hypoxia, prolonged or extreme hypothermia, prolonged or high frequency nerve stimulation, or by prolonged nerve quiescence. Rather, the destructive alterations observed in junctional fold membranes in myasthenia gravis endplates are correlated with decreased acetylcholine sensitivity and to removal of endplate acetylcholine receptors by immunologic processes. PMID- 7230739 TI - Effect of Magadi soda treatment on the tannin content and in-vitro nutritive value of grain sorghums. PMID- 7230738 TI - Difference between the glycosaminoglycans synthetized by corneal and cutaneous fibroblasts in culture. AB - Although fibroblasts retain similar morphologic characteristics in various tissues, a body of evidence suggests that these cells possess disparate characteristics in different tissues. Keratan sulfate I, a specific product of the corneal fibroblast, is synthesized by the cornea in vivo and by organ cultures of the cornea in the absence of an associated corneal epithelium and endothelium. Confluent cultures of isolated corneal fibroblasts appear to lose this capacity, and the question of whether they produce any keratan sulfate in culture has remained uncertain, owing to the variable sensitivity and specificity of the different analytical methods employed. This study compares the 35S-sulfate and 3H-glucosamine-labeled glycosaminoglycans produced by confluent cultures of human corneal and cutaneous fibroblasts with those synthesized by corneal organ cultures with different analytical techniques. Using the analytical method of sequential enzymatic degradation, confluent cultures of corneal fibroblasts, but not cutaneous fibroblasts, were found to synthesize and secrete into the nutrient medium a small quantity of sulfate glycosaminoglycans that was susceptible to keratan sulfate endo-beta-galactosidase (Pseudomonas)--an enzyme that degrades corneal keratan sulfate to oligosaccharides of variable size and sulfation. These difference between isolated corneal and cutaneous fibroblasts support the concept that fibroblasts, although ubiquitous, not only manifest metabolic differences but can retain some of these differences when isolated from other cells. Although cutaneous fibroblasts do not produce significant quantities of sulfated material with the attributes of keratan sulfate, they do incorporate 3H-glucosamine into macromolecules that are susceptible to keratan sulfate endo-beta-galactosidase. Most of the sulfated glycosaminoglycans produced by organ cultures of the cornea, which were susceptible to this enzyme, eluted from Dowex 1-X2(Cl-) with a salt concentration of less than 2 M. This observation, together with the findings of others, indicates that the traditional belief that corneal keratan sulfate elutes from Dowex 1-Cl predominantly in the 3 M NaCl fraction needs to be reevaluated. PMID- 7230740 TI - Fishmeal and oil from lantern fish (myctophidae) with special emphasis on protein quality. PMID- 7230741 TI - Studies on digestibility of selected legume carbohydrates and its impact on the pH of the gastrointestinal tract in rats. PMID- 7230742 TI - The nutritional value of dried skim milk in broiler diets. PMID- 7230743 TI - Determination of free and loosely protein-bound formaldehyde in the tissues of pigs fed formalin-treated skim milk as a protein supplement. PMID- 7230744 TI - Anal furunculosis: a review of seventy cases. PMID- 7230745 TI - Canine anal furunculosis: a modified approach. PMID- 7230746 TI - Clinical, radiographical and pathological aspects of ununited medial coronoid process of the elbow joint in dogs. PMID- 7230747 TI - Canine parvovirus: a cause of chronic myocardial fibrosis and adolescent congestive heart failure. PMID- 7230748 TI - Hereditary cataract in the Welsh Springer spaniel. PMID- 7230750 TI - Attitudes of the public towards dogs and cats as companion animals. PMID- 7230749 TI - Anal sac gland adenocarcinoma in the dog: 14 cases. PMID- 7230751 TI - Severe canine demodicosis in the Sudan. First reported cases. PMID- 7230752 TI - Paraquat poisoning in dogs and cats--differences between accidental and malicious poisoning. PMID- 7230753 TI - The effect of season of the year on the characteristics and composition of dog semen. PMID- 7230754 TI - Influence of progesterone and pregnancy on canine fibrinogen values. PMID- 7230755 TI - Characterization of strains of Staphylococci from infections in dogs and cats. PMID- 7230756 TI - Optimizing the acquisition and processing of surface electromyographic signals. AB - Electromyographic (EMG) signals, detected on the skin surface over active muscles, are being used increasingly for the control of prostheses and for investigating and retraining human movement. However, the statistical characteristics of the signal make it difficult toi achieve a processing delay of less than about 100 ms, which is marginal in some applications. Two techniques for reducing this delay are described: (i) signal pre-whitening, based upon digital autoregressive modelling or analogue filtering; an (ii) the use of a multiple electrode array. Successful discrimination between several states in a single muscle is possible in about 50 ms. PMID- 7230757 TI - Gait analysis in the assessment of functional performance before and after total hip replacement. AB - A method which measures the temporal and distance factors has been employed to monitor the gait of patients one week prior to total hip replacement and six and twelve months after operation. Variables have been selected which reflect gait symmetry and others which slow the speed of walking and how this is achieved. The method of presentation of results is discussed with particular attention to the use of these results in monitoring the progress of the patient. As a group these patients showed the greatest improvement of six months after operation with little added improvement shown at twelve months. PMID- 7230758 TI - Reduction of operator fatigue in doppler ultrasound blood flow investigations. PMID- 7230759 TI - Instrument for distraction by limited surgery in scoliosis treatment. AB - A principle for secondary instrumental spinal distraction by a rod appliance of the Knodt and Harrington types is described. The principle entails of the rotation of the screw rod by wire traction. The wire is, in a secondary procedure, unwound from a wire barrel mounted onto the screw rod in the primary operative procedure. The study describes the devices employed, modified according to the wire traction--instrument distraction principle. Previous results from intra-vital studies of the Harrington instrumentation have been reported from experiments performed. Thus, a final distraction force of 18 kp effected for correction of a scoliosis curvature, was taken as a value of distraction prior to secondary instrumental distraction by wire traction. In the extra vital study, the wire traction was adjusted to surmount a compressive force of 20 kpby means of a Bessmann weight scale. Wire traction created a distraction force of 39.5 kp, and a metric distraction, from the position resulting from 20 kp distraction to that resulting from 39.5 kp distraction, of 2.8 mm, which was considered to affect the prevailing scoliosis geometry to a considerable and sufficient extent. PMID- 7230760 TI - Noninvasive recording of the his-purkinje system electrical activity by a digital system design. AB - The atrioventricular conduction pathways which are composed of the atrioventricular node and the His-Purkinje system (HPS) form a specialized conduction system in the heart that participates in the control of the ventricular conduction. His bundle recordings require cardiac catheterization in the diagnosis of abnormalities within the HPS. These recordings have limitations that include discomfort, a slight morbidity risk, and limited recording area within the heart. This report outlines a noninvasive technique that utilizes high gain, wide band filtering and coherent signals averaging to extract the electrical activity of the HPS at the body surface. We have designed a portable instrument which enables: (i) a high gain, very low noise, optically isolated differential amplifier, (ii) an online digital QRS detector based on the principle of contour limiting which detects the desired QRS complexes and generates a very accurate trigger for the coherent signal averaging; (iii) a digital memory averager. This instrument can be used as an automatic clinical tool or as a data acquisition and preprocessing system for high frequency ECG and many other low level electrophysiological signals. PMID- 7230761 TI - Pulsatile pressure and flow in an arterial aneurysm simulated in a mathematical model. AB - The pressure and flow patterns within arterial aneurysms are little known. In the present work the equations describing pulsatile flow, the Navier-Stokes equations, are solved numerically using the finite element method with a computer. The solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations are obtained at 24 points in time during the cardiac cycle. At selected instants in time, the solutions are presented as velocity vectors, streamlines and isobars. The results demonstrate a vortex formation during most of the cycle. The pressure within the aneurysm is nearly constant. At the downstream end of the expansion, high pressure gradients are found. PMID- 7230762 TI - Stripping poly-imide resin (Trimel) enamel insulation from fine wire to produce electromyography electrodes. PMID- 7230763 TI - Foot pressure measurement: a review of methodology. PMID- 7230764 TI - Presidential address. Academic surgery: past and prologue. PMID- 7230765 TI - Resident research award. Effects of cholecystokinin on gallbladder stasis and cholesterol gallstone formation. PMID- 7230766 TI - Resident research award. Subcritical arterial stenosis enhances distal atherosclerosis. PMID- 7230767 TI - Resident research award. Comparison of patency rate and structural changes of in situ and reversed vein arterial bypass. PMID- 7230768 TI - Practice of critical care medicine in academic surgical centers. PMID- 7230769 TI - Academic surgeons and the intensive care unit. PMID- 7230770 TI - Lipid effects of obesity operations. PMID- 7230771 TI - Terbutaline inhibits pancreatic secretion. PMID- 7230772 TI - Demonstration and characterization of the hemoconcentrating effect of ascitic fluid that accumulates during hemorrhagic pancreatitis. PMID- 7230773 TI - Hemodynamic effect of increased abdominal pressure. PMID- 7230774 TI - Lung albumin content after acid aspiration pulmonary injury. PMID- 7230775 TI - The stimulation of capillary endothelial cell migration by aqueous humor. PMID- 7230776 TI - The role of the antrum in the modulation of plasma pancreatic polypeptide levels. PMID- 7230777 TI - The influence of acute global ischemia on left ventricular compliance in the adult and immature dog. PMID- 7230778 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E1 injections and infusions on canine femoral hemodynamics. PMID- 7230779 TI - Colon ischemia accompanying ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. PMID- 7230780 TI - Sequential studies of healing in endothelial seeded vascular prostheses: histologic and ultrastructure characteristics of graft incorporation. PMID- 7230781 TI - Impaired mitochondrial function and gluconeogenesis in late shock. PMID- 7230782 TI - Parasympathetic neuroendocrine regulation of GIP response to glucose. PMID- 7230783 TI - The relationship of lumenal pH and distention to antral G-cell numbers. PMID- 7230784 TI - Glucagon and canine mesenteric hemodynamics: effects on superior mesenteric arteriovenous and nutrient capillary blood flow. PMID- 7230785 TI - Deep hypothermia and total circulatory arrest: the effect of method of cooling on the catecholamine response to arrest. PMID- 7230786 TI - Dissociation of glucagon's central and peripheral hemodynamic effects: mechanisms of reduction and redistribution of canine hindlimb blood flow. PMID- 7230787 TI - The effect of sodium diatrizoate on the fibrinolytic activity of saphenous vein intima. PMID- 7230788 TI - Therapy of spontaneous metastases with an autologous tumor vaccine in a guinea pig model. PMID- 7230789 TI - The role of nurse practitioners as family planning clinicians in Tennessee. PMID- 7230790 TI - Medical Grand Rounds. Mycoplasma pneumonia. PMID- 7230791 TI - EKG of the month. Atrial flutter with 2:1 ventricular response. PMID- 7230792 TI - Radiology case of the month. Villous adenoma or villous adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7230793 TI - NIH Consensus Development Conference summary. Febrile seizures--long-term management of children with fever associated seizures. PMID- 7230794 TI - AMA jail program appeals to local-M.D. sense of duty. PMID- 7230795 TI - 6 beta-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione: a potent amplifier of the kaliuretic action of aldosterone. PMID- 7230797 TI - Identification of sex steroids secreted by cultured rat ovarian cells in defined medium. PMID- 7230796 TI - Bile alcohol glucuronides in urine. Identification of 27-nor-5 beta-cholestane 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 24 xi, 25 xi-pentol in man. PMID- 7230798 TI - Stabilisation of the cytoplasmic oestrogen receptor by molybdate. PMID- 7230799 TI - Sex steroids and extrahepatic mixed-function oxidase activity. PMID- 7230800 TI - Assessment of eleven adrenal steroids from a single serum sample by combination of automatic high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay (HPLC RIA)*. PMID- 7230801 TI - Production of insulinomimetic antibodies against rat adipocyte membranes by hybridoma cells. AB - SJL mice were injected intraperitoneally with adipocyte plasma membranes or with intrinsic membrane proteins obtained by extraction of plasma membranes with dimethylmaleic anhydride. Three days after the boost injection, the spleens were removed and fused with NS-a, a thioguanine-resistant myeloma cell line derived from P3X63 Ag8 (Balb/c). Following selection for hybrids with hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine, medium of the hybrid cells was tested for its ability to bind to the plasma membrane of the adipocyte and to stimulate the oxidation of D-(1-14C) glucose to 14CO2. Approximately 40% of the wells containing hybridomas derived from splenocytes of SJL mice immunized with plasma membranes produced immunoglobulin that bound to adipocyte plasma membranes. About 30% of these mimicked the ability of insulin to stimulate the oxidation of D-(1-14C) glucose to 14CO2 in adipocytes. Media from 51% of the wells containing hybridomas derived from splenocytes of SJL mice immunized with intrinsic membrane proteins produced immunoglobulin that bound to the plasma membrane and 48% of those stimulated glucose oxidation. The bioactivity of the hybrid cell media could be blocked by adsorption with intrinsic membrane proteins or by the removal of immunoglobulins using formalin-fixed Staphylococcus aureus. The hybrids generated in this study can be divided into three categories: 1) hybrids that secrete antibodies that can bind to plasma membranes and mimic insulin action of glucose transport; 2) hybrids that secrete antibodies that bind to plasma membranes but do not stimulate the oxidation of D-(1-14C) glucose to 14CO2; and 3) hybrids that produce no antimembrane antibodies. The data suggest that interaction of immunoglobulins with specific membrane proteins is essential in mimicking the action of insulin on glucose transport and oxidation in the rat adipocyte. PMID- 7230802 TI - Self-renewal of factor-dependent hemopoietic progenitor cell-lines derived from long-term bone marrow cultures demonstrates significant mouse strain genotypic variation. AB - Long-term bone marrow cultures established from C57Ks/J mice have been shown to spontaneously release endogenous ecotropic RNA type-C virus (retrovirus). C57Ks/J marrow cultures produced granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFUc) and immature and mature granulocytes for over 45 weeks. In contrast, NIH Swiss mouse marrow cultures failed to release detectable ecotropic virus and generated GM CFUc and granulocytes for 25-35 weeks and established WEHI-3 conditioned medium (CM) dependent cell lines in vitro and did not establish permanent cell lines. To determine whether viral and/or cellular genes regulated the longevity of C57Ks/J marrow cultures, groups of cultures were established from the marrow of (NIH Swiss X C47Ks/J) F1 hybrid, F2 hybrid, and (NIH Swiss X C47Ks/J) X NIH Swiss backcross generations. Release of endogenous ecotropic virus was measured weekly in each culture as was the duration of production of immature granulocytic cells and GM-CFUc over a 58-week period. The results demonstrated a complex pattern of inheritance of longevity of long-term in vitro hemopoiesis. Increased longevity did not absolutely correlate with detectable replication of the C57Ks/J N-tropic virus. PMID- 7230803 TI - The role of cells and their products in the regulation of in vitro stem cell proliferation and granulocyte development. AB - In long-term marrow cultures haemopoiesis can be maintained in vitro for up to 6 months. Critical analysis of the cell populations produced has shown that the stem cells and their committed progeny have characteristics in common with the corresponding cell types in vivo. The maintenance of haemopoiesis in vitro is associated with the development of an appropriate inductive environment provided by bone marrow derived adherent cells. Analysis of the interactions between environmental and haemopoietic cells has been facilitated by the development of vitro systems reproducing the naturally occurring genetic environmental defects and other systems where the development of a competent inductive environment shows a dependency upon corticosteroid hormones. Investigations have shown that stem cell proliferation may be controlled by production of opposing activities, one stimulatory for DNA synthesis, the other inhibitory. A model is proposed whereby modulation in the production of these factors is determined by the physical presence of stem cells in a proposed cellular milieu, within the adherent layer. The adherent layer, apart from acting at the level of stem cell proliferation, can also modify the response of differentiating cells (eg, GM-CFC) to exogenous stimulatory activities. Addition of GM-CSF or of CSF-antiserum has no effect on haemopoiesis in long-term cultures. PMID- 7230804 TI - Regulation of muscarinic receptor binding by guanine nucleotides and N ethylmaleimide. AB - The regulation of muscarinic receptor binding by guanine nucleotides and N ethylmaleimide (NEM) was investigated using the agonist ligand, [3H] cis methyldioxolane ([3H]CD). Characterization studies on rat forebrain homogenates show that [3H]CD binding was linear with tissue concentration and was unaffected by a change in pH from 5.5 to 8.0. The regional variation in [3H]CD binding in the rat brain correlated generally wit [3H](-)3-quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]( )QNB) binding, although the absolute variation in binding was somewhat less. At a concentration of 100 microM, the GTP analogue, guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p], caused a 43-77% inhibition of [3H]CD binding in the corpus striatum, ileum, and heart. The results of binding studies using several Gpp(NH)p concentrations demonstrated that the potency of this guanine nucleotide for inhibition of [3H]CD binding, Gpp(NH)p caused an increase in (3H](-)QNB binding in the heart heart and ileum and no change in [3H](-)QNB binding in the corpus striatum. When measured by competitive inhibition of [3H](-)QNB binding to the longitudinal muscle of the ileum, Gpp(NH)p (100 microM) caused an increase in the IC50 values of a series of agonists in a manner that was correlated with the efficacy of these compounds. The results of binding studies on NEM treated forebrain homogenates revealed an enhancement of [3H]CD binding by NEM. PMID- 7230805 TI - Polypeptide growth factors: some structural and mechanistic considerations. AB - Polypeptide growth factors ae substances that stimulate an increase in cell size and/or cell number during embryonic development. In some cases, they have a similar effect on tissues in the mature organism where they function as "maintenance" factors to sustain cell viability. While their profound impact on cell behavior is well recognized, their relationship to other regulators of cell function has remained generally ill-defined. However, the developing appreciation of their hormone-like behavior suggests that they may be conveniently grouped with many other endocrine agents to form a broader group of secondary hormones. The utility of the classification is illustrated by the insulin-related family of molecules. It also serves to emphasize the similarities in function shared by many of these substances including trophic stimulation and modulation of gene expression. Internalization, though, appears to be another common feature. However, whether the uptake of the growth factor mediates an intracellular action or is designed solely to regulate responsiveness at the cell surface and/or degradation remains an important unanswered question. A brief review of two growth factors (nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor) serves to outline the possible functions that may be served by this endocytotic process. PMID- 7230806 TI - Plate-induced tumors of BALB/3T3 cells exhibiting foci of differentiation into pericytes, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts. AB - The BALB/3T3 clone A31 mouse embryo cell line has been used by many investigators as a model "normal" "fibroblast" line for a variety in vitro studies. It has been shown, however, that these cells are not "normal" because they will produce tumors within 2-4 months if 3 x 10(4) cells are implanted subcutaneously in BALB/c mice attached to 0.2 x 5 x 10-mm plastic plates. Previous studies also suggested that these cells were not fibroblasts because they gave rise tumors with the characteristics of vascular endothelium not fibroblasts. We now report that BALB/3T3 (clone A31), BALB/3T3-T, a proadipocyte subclone of clone A31 cells, and six recent subclones of BALB/3T3-T cells show additional differentiation patterns were tumors derived by implantation of these cells attached to plastic plates are examined. Differentiation into pericytes, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts was observed. We conclude that the BALB/3T3 clone A31 cell line and related lines are multipotent mesenchymal cells which are capable of differentiation into a variety of cell types. PMID- 7230807 TI - The physical disease characteristics of inpatient alcoholics. PMID- 7230808 TI - Sober comportment: patterns and perspectives on alcohol addiction. PMID- 7230809 TI - Religious affiliation and abstinence; a fifteen-year change. PMID- 7230810 TI - "Substitution," "restraint" and "reduction" during the Manitoba beer and liquor strikes of 1978. PMID- 7230811 TI - Alcoholism treatment in a medical setting. PMID- 7230813 TI - Extensive users of alcohol among college students. PMID- 7230812 TI - Movement therapy for alcoholic patients. PMID- 7230814 TI - Neuropsychological impairment and a test of the predisposition hypothesis with regard to field dependence in alcoholics. PMID- 7230815 TI - Family studies of alcoholism. PMID- 7230816 TI - "Indianism" and the "Richardson Indian Culturalization Test". PMID- 7230817 TI - Alcohol misuse, the family and alcoholism programs: some suggested strategies of intervention. PMID- 7230818 TI - Life satisfaction and drinking practices in the Boston metropolitan area. PMID- 7230819 TI - The prevalence and extent of drinking in Iowa, 1979. PMID- 7230820 TI - Alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis mortality: the Netherlands, 1950-78. PMID- 7230821 TI - Alcohol-related mortality and alcohol consumption statistics: stability of estimates for small areas. PMID- 7230822 TI - Sociobiology and informal social controls of drinking: findings from two charismatic sects. PMID- 7230823 TI - The MacAndrew scale: a measure of the diagnosis of alcoholism. PMID- 7230824 TI - Costs of comprehensive alcoholism care for 100 patients over 4 years. PMID- 7230825 TI - Characteristics and prognoses of alcoholics who become moderate drinkers and abstainers after treatment. PMID- 7230826 TI - Retroperitoneal sarcomas: a reappraisal of treatment. AB - Retroperitoneal sarcoma, regardless of the histopathologic grade of malignancy, has a high incidence of local recurrence that is usually fatal. Surgical resection is mandatory and resectability may be improved by a midline transabdominal approach. However, even with total tumor excision, recurrence is high. A preliminary study, combining resection and preoperative adriamycin, found to be effective for established disease, suggests potentially improved prognosis. Further clinical trials employing combined with adjuvant chemotherapy are warranted. PMID- 7230827 TI - Surgical treatment of metastatic disease in the thyroid gland. AB - Metastatic disease in the thyroid gland is uncommon in clinical practice. Preoperative investigation with thyroid scan and fine-needle aspiration biopsy verified or strongly suggested metastatic disease in seven out of nine patients. All patients were treated by thyroid surgery. Three patients died within 4 months in disseminated disease. The remaining seven patients had a survival rate of between 1 and 5 years. Three patients are still alive 12, 29, and 48 months after thyroid surgery. Surgical treatment for metastatic disease in the thyroid, especially due to metastatic renal carcinoma and melanoma, is recommended. PMID- 7230828 TI - Malignant tumors of the nasopharynx. AB - One hundred and twenty patients with malignancy of the nasopharynx were reviewed. The most common presenting symptoms of this disease were cervical mass and hearing loss. Neoplasm occurred three times more frequently in males than in females. Cranial nerve dysfunction was present in 17.5% of patients at the time of initial evaluation. The overall 3- and 5-year determinate survival for the entire series of nasopharyngeal malignancies was 38.9, and 27.0%, respectively. Nonsquamous cell and undifferentiated neoplasms (24%). The presence of cervical metastases offered a poorer prognosis. A 39.6% 5-year survival was recorded for patients without nodal disease. Massive lymphadenopathy or bilateral cervical metastases forecasted an ominous 5-year survival of 13.6%. Control rate was greatest among patients with tumors restricted to one area of the nasopharynx and without regional metastases. The 5-year survival of such patients was 71.4% compared to 13.3% for patients having tumor extension beyond the nasopharynx producing cranial nerve impairment or bone erosion. PMID- 7230829 TI - Ovarian metastases from colon carcinoma. AB - A case report describes a postmenopausal woman who presented with vaginal bleeding and a pelvic mass. She was found to have a colon cancer with a large metastasis in the right ovary. A review of the literature suggests that ovarian metastasis from a primary colon carcinoma is not rare. Frequently, the ovarian tumors causes symptoms sooner than the primary carcinoma. The presence of ovarian metastasis is associated with a poor prognosis. Consideration should be given to the performance of prophylactic oophorectomy during colon resections for carcinoma. PMID- 7230830 TI - Cancer to the inguinal nodes from an unknown primary site. AB - Three cases of metastatic cancer to inguinal lymph nodes from unknown primaries are presented. All three patients had exhaustive workups which produced no primary lesions. There were two cases of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma and one of melanoma. A review of the literature shows that it is unusual to have metastatic disease without detectable primary lesions to the inguinal lymph nodes. Furthermore, and more importantly, these cases open discussion of recent concepts of tumor biology. Based on these newer concepts, suggestions are made concerning the examination and treatment of these unusual lesions. PMID- 7230831 TI - Osteoclastome-like giant cell thyroid carcinoma controlled by intensive radiation and adriamycin, in a patient with meningioma and multiple myeloma treated by radiation and cytoxan. AB - The eighth cases of osteoclastome-like giant cell carcinoma of the thyroid, and the first one to be treated with adriamycin in addition to surgery and radiation, is reported. This rare variant of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma appeared in a patient operated on for meningioma and treated for multiple myeloma with cranial radiation and chronic administration of cytoxan. PMID- 7230832 TI - Uterine sarcoma following adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal carcinoma. AB - Since adjuvant radiotherapy for rectosigmoid carcinoma appears to improve prognosis, the importance of delayed side effects such as radiation-induced malignant disease must be considered. The present report describes the first reported case of the development of a uterine carcinosarcoma more than 9 years after preoperative radiotherapy to the midpelvis for rectal carcinoma. PMID- 7230833 TI - The pathologist's role in a multidisciplinary approach for soft part tissue sarcoma: a reappraisal (39 cases). AB - A combined treatment modality of radiotherapy, surgery, and monochemotherapy in 39 cases of soft tissue sarcomas is presented. The 39 patients presented initially with local disease only, without evidence of metastases. At the end of the surgical procedure the adequacy of the excision had been evaluated by the pathologist. Surgical procedure was complemented by systematic radiation therapy. The overall recurrence rate was 7.7%; the overall incidence of metastases 31%. In the group in which adequate excision had been obtained, no loco-regional recurrences were obtained, survival was significantly better, and the incidence of metastases was lower than in group in whom adequate excision could not be obtained. The importance of two criteria was stress: the depth and the character of the margins of the tumor which cannot be considered separately. The results suggest that there is a correlation between the general and loco-regional malignancy of soft tissue sarcomas. PMID- 7230834 TI - A model of tumor cell dormancy: effects of anesthesia and surgery. AB - Three cloned populations of tumor cells obtained from a murine fibrosarcoma were able to remain viable for a long period of time in syngeneic mice which failed to exhibit clinically evident tumors following tumor cell inoculation. Viable tumor cells under such conditions can be considered to be in a dormant state. On the basis of past studies, two of the lines were shown to have low malignant potential, while the third line was shown to have a higher degree of malignant potential. The rates of spontaneous reactivation of tumor growth in animals carrying the low malignant cells were 3 and 4%, while a rate of 30% was observed in animals with the more malignant cells. Treatment of animals carrying the low malignant cells in a dormant state with anesthesia alone, (thiopental) or with anethesia and surgery, increased the rate of reactivation to 20-22%. PMID- 7230835 TI - A rapid gas-liquid chromatographic determination of antipyrine clearance in the rat. AB - The assay procedure described in this paper allows the calculation of pharmacokinetic data of antipyrine disposition to be obtained from a single animal with minimal disturbance in hematocrit. A sample volume (100 microliters) allows the repeated use of the same rat for studies of hepatic drug metabolism. The lower limit of sensitivity is 5 micrograms/ml, with a range of linearity extending to 100 micrograms/ml. This allows for various dosing regimens. The GLC assay is rapid and accurate as shown by comparison with previously published values for the half-life of antipyrine in rats. PMID- 7230836 TI - Application of Ca2+-selective electrode for determination of Ca2+ efflux from smooth muscles into Ca2+-free physiological solution. AB - The Ca2+ efflux from smooth muscle into a Ca2+-free physiological solution was continuously monitored by using a Radiometer Ca2+-selective electrode and examined for its availability for determination of Ca2+ effluxed from the smooth muscle. The results show that the Ca2+ electrode used here is sufficiently sensitive to investigate Ca2+ efflux from the smooth muscle into the Ca2+-free solution. Further, this method is suitable for the continuous recording of free ionized Ca2+ effluxed from the smooth muscle into the Ca2+-free physiological solution. PMID- 7230837 TI - A rapid gas-liquid chromatographic determination of serum lidocaine using a nitrogen-phosphorus specific detector. PMID- 7230838 TI - An improved GCMS method to measure tele-methylhistamine. AB - The presence of tele-methylhistamine (t-MH), the metabolite of histamine in rat brain, and its relationship to putative histaminergic transmission have been the subjects of recent work. We modified the GCMS method of Hough et al. (1979) to enhance both sensitivity and reproducibility. The substitution of KOH for NaOH to extract t-MH considerably improved the recovery. Evaporation of the extract in 0.2 N HCl, as used in the earlier method, reduced the formation of heptafluorobutyryl derivative; substitution with 0.01 N HCl more than doubled the recovery of the derivative. The derivatization procedure itself was changed, the new method exhibiting significantly improved reproducibility. Standard curve of t MH obtained at different times after derivatization were indistinguishable. The modified method is capable of measuring less than 1 pmole of t-MH. The t-MH content found in nine rat brain regions agree with previously reported values. PMID- 7230839 TI - A flow-cell method for measuring hepatic excretion of pigments continuously in rats. AB - The electronic absorption of effluent bile from restrained rats with indwelling bile cannulas can be measured directly and continuously in the wavelength region 430-800 nm using commercially available micro flow-cells. The method is useful for studying and characterizing the hepatic excretion of endogenous and exogenous pigments. Biliary excretion curves are obtained directly without requiring separate analyses of individual bile samples. To demonstrate its application and scope, the technique has been used to follow the biliary excretion of sulfobromophthalein, rose bengal, biliverdin, and bilirubin. PMID- 7230840 TI - Simultaneous radioenzymatic assay of dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid: an index of in vivo dopamine release. AB - The relative brain tissue concentrations of dopamine (DA) and its deaminated metabolite, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), appears to be a reliable index of the functional activity of dopaminergic neurons. In order to apply this approach to the assessment of dopaminergic neuronal activity in small regions of brain, we have developed a sensitive radioenzymatic assay for simultaneous measurement of DA and DOPAC. The sensitivity of the assay for DA is approximately 10 pg and for DOPAC 100 pg. In addition, the assay is highly specific, simple, and relatively inexpensive. The concurrent estimation of tissue DA and DOPAC concentrations seems to be a reliable means of evaluating the rate of DA turnover or release in behavioral, electrical stimulation, and certain drug paradigms. However, the release or turnover of DA as induced by D-amphetamine (and perhaps other indirectly-acting dopaminemimetic drugs) cannot be meaningfully assessed by measurement of DA and DOPAC alone. PMID- 7230841 TI - Method for repetitive blood sampling in the dog: a modification. PMID- 7230842 TI - Inhibitory effect of some monoamine oxidase inhibitors on fluorescence assay for the o-methylated metabolites of the catecholamines. PMID- 7230843 TI - Sampling methods for pharmacokinetic studies in the mouse. AB - Pharmacokinetics data on 2,4,5-T are used to illustrate design considerations, agent administration and sampling techniques required for single-animals studies in mice. Detailed methods for intravenous and intragastric delivery of chemicals are described, as are small volume (3 microliters) blood sampling techniques from tail vein and orbital plexus. A mouse metabolism cage is described that prohibits feed contamination of urine and feces, and also effectively segregates these elimination products. Techniques for blood, urine, and feces sample preparation and quality control assessments are also presented. Multi-sample blood concentration-time curves obtained from a single mouse are compared to data obtained using a single-sample design using may mice. While a single-animal, multiple-sample design requires the availability of microanalytical methods, it has many economic and practical advantages and results in a more accurate pharmacokinetic profile of the chemical in mice. PMID- 7230844 TI - MacDope: a simulation of drug disposition in the human body. Mathematical considerations. PMID- 7230845 TI - Reciprocal altruism and kin selection are not clearly separable phenomena. PMID- 7230846 TI - Ferroelectricity in the arterial wall: a new physical component of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7230847 TI - The response of a nerve cylinder to spatially distributed white noise inputs. PMID- 7230848 TI - Modeling of the vertebrate visual system. II. Application to the turtle cone retina. PMID- 7230849 TI - An evolutionarily stable strategy model for randomly mating diploid populations. PMID- 7230850 TI - A theory of brownian coagulation in a bounded planar region. PMID- 7230852 TI - Aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta: replacement with the use of a shunt or bypass. AB - The optimal method of protecting the spinal cord and viscera during the resection of aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta is controversial, and some surgeons have recently abandoned shunting and bypass techniques. We are concerned that this may not be the safest approach in most surgeon's hands and have reviewed our experience with a consecutive series of these aneurysms, all of which were done with either bypass or a shunt. Between 1965 and 1976, we performed 23 aneurysm replacements with femorofemoral bypass. From 1976 to 1980, we used the Gott shunt in 12 aneurysm operations. Atherosclerotic, traumatic, and dissecting aneurysms were all presented. Nineteen operations were elective and 16 were urgent. Three patients died in the hospital, for an 8.6% operative mortality. There were no cases of paraplegia in the entire series of 35 operations. The actuarial 5 year survival rate (including operative deaths) is 79%. We conclude that when the appropriate surgical technique of aneurysm replacement is combined with a shunt or bypass, an acceptable operative mortality and a very low incidence of paraplegia can be obtained. PMID- 7230851 TI - Chemical reactivity of a methyldiazonium ion with nucleophilic centers of DNA bases. PMID- 7230853 TI - Accuracy of computed tomographic scanning in assessment of the mediastinum in bronchial carcinoma. AB - We believe that malignant involvement of mediastinum is a contraindication to attempted resection of bronchial carcinoma. It was hoped that computed tomographic (CT) scanning might improve our ability to assess the mediastinum prior to thoracotomy. The accuracy of CT scanning, performed with modern techniques, in assessment of the mediastinum of 22 patients with bronchial carcinoma has therefore been determined. In all the patients CT scan impressions have been correlated with the histologic findings at thoracotomy or mediastinoscopy. In detection of malignant involvement of the mediastinum, the CT scan had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 76%. There was only one false negative CT scan report, and in this case the mediastinum was involved at a site which could not have been inspected at anterior cervical mediastinoscopy. We conclude that a negative CT scan makes mediastinoscopy an unnecessary screening procedure in determining resectability. Since there was a significant number of false positive CT scans, we feel that such a report necessitates tissue confirmation before the decision to withhold thoracotomy is made. The CT scan may help to determine the best test to achieve this tissue confirmation. PMID- 7230854 TI - Primary malignant lymphoma of the trachea. Report of a case successfully treated by primary end-to-end anastomosis after circumferential resection of the trachea. AB - A 67-year-old Japanese man with exertional dyspnea was found by laminagraphy to have tracheal obstruction. The stricture was localized at the cervical and mediastinal trachea and was 5.0 cm long on an x-ray film. Eight tracheal rings were successfully resected and the ends of the trachea were anastomosed. The lumen of the removed trachea was narrowed by intramural and intraluminal polypoid growth originating from the tracheal wall. Histologically, the tumor was diagnosed as a mixed type of malignant lymphoma. The patient had serum hepatitis postoperatively, but now he is living normally without any difficulty in respiration. No signs of recurrence have been seen in the 5 years, 4 months since the operation. From this experience, the rarity and the possibility of curative operation of this tumor are discussed. PMID- 7230855 TI - Regional and transmural myocardial temperature distribution in cold chemical cardioplegia: significance of critical coronary arterial stenosis. AB - There is a growing recognition of discrepancies in myocardial temperatures during cold chemical cardioplegia. This study was designed to determine the extent to which coronary arterial stenosis just sufficient to abolish vasodilatory reserve in the working heart, but still compatible with myocardial viability ("critical stenosis"), limits heat transfer from the heart during cardioplegic infusion compared to complete coronary occlusion and no stenosis (control). In nine dogs, temperatures were measured from the subepicardium, midwall, and subendocardium of the left ventricle in the distributions of the circumflex (CCA) and left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries plus the aortic root, septum, mediastinum, and ventricular cavities. Cardiopulmonary bypass was instituted with core cooling to 28 degrees C. Three infusions of cold (4 degrees C), radioactive microsphere labeled, potassium chloride arresting solution were periods of reperfusion. The data (mean +/- SEM) indicate that myocardial cooling was transmurally uniform under all conditions, but was significantly impaired (p less than 0.01) in the CCA region by both critical stenosis (17.4 degrees +/- 1.2 degrees C) and occlusion (23.6 degrees +/- 0.4 degrees C) compared to control (8.3 degrees +/- 0.5 degrees C), because of reduced perfusate flow to regional tissues (4 = 0.62, p less than 0.001). These findings show that coronary artery lesions, including those compatible with myocardial viability, impose a severe constraint on myocardial heat transfer and point to a need for improved cardioplegic technique. PMID- 7230856 TI - Protection of the myocardium during ischemic arrest. Dose-response curves for procaine and lignocaine in cardioplegic solutions. AB - The dose-response curve of procaine or lignocaine (lidocaine) added to the St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution was investigated with an isolated working rat heart preparation. In the absence of any cold cardioplegic protection, hearts failed to recover after as little as 30 minutes of ischemia. A single infusion (20 degrees C) of the basic St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution allowed hearts to recover to 60% or more of their preischemic control aortic flow after a 120 minute period of ischemia. Addition of procaine to the cardioplegic solution either increased or reduced the apparent protective properties of the solution with a bell-shaped dose-response curve being obtained. The optimum procaine concentration was 0.05 mM/L. At this concentration the protection afforded by the St. Thomas' Hospital solution was increased by up to two thirds. Substitution of lignocaine for procaine resulted in a similar dose-response curve with its optimum also at 0.05 mM/L. If a similar optimum exists for the human heart, the doses in current clinical use would appear to be too high. These results argue for determining the dose-response characteristics of all substances used in cardioplegic solutions. PMID- 7230857 TI - The drop of residual right ventricular pressure 24 hours after conservative infundibulectomy in repair of tetralogy of Fallot. AB - Because of late complications such as right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and sudden death after tetralogy repair, a modification in the technique of total repair of tetralogy of Fallot is sought. In this study a shorter than usual conal incision and limited division of only the parietal muscle bands were utilized in 17 patients. The mean RV pressure at the end of the operation was 84 mm Hg; 24 hours later it had dropped to 55 mm Hg. The mean RV/LV pressure ratio at the end of the operation was 0.85, and 24 hours later it was 0.48. Pressure measurements were also taken at the end of the operation, at four predetermined points along the RV outflow tract. It was found that 40% of the average residual obstruction was located at the level of the infundibular ostium, 50% at the level of the conus, and 10% at the pulmonary valve. It is concluded that a 40% drop in the RV/LV pressure ratio can be anticipated to occur in less than 24 hours in cases in which (1) the contractility of the infundibular ostium and conus is preserved by conservative infundibulectomy and (2) there is a residual obstruction at a muscular level. This is on condition that the passage between the crista and the anterior conal wall is of adequate size. PMID- 7230858 TI - Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve. Should valve insertion be part of the intracardiac repair? AB - Thirteen patients with complex of tetralogy of Fallot and absent pulmonary valve were treated. Three infants presented with severe cardiorespiratory distress (Group I) necessitating surgical intervention in two and intensive medical treatment in the third; there were no late survivals. The remaining 10 patients were operated upon electively at an older age (Group II); in six the ventricular septal defect was closed and the right ventricular outflow obstruction relieved (Group IIA), and in the other four a valve was inserted at the pulmonary anulus at the time of intracardiac repair (Group IIB). There was no hospital mortality in Group II. Five of the six patients in Group IIA remained symptomatic postoperatively, and three needed a subsequent pulmonary valve insertion. All patients in Group IIB were symptom free following operation; one patient began having a progressive decrease in exercise performance, decrease in pulmonary artery size, and cardiothoracic ratio were more marked in those patients who had primary insertion of a pulmonary valve. The clinical results and postoperative assessment of cardiac function tend to indicate that pulmonary valve insertion should be performed at the time of the intracardiac repair. PMID- 7230859 TI - Congenital valvular aortic stenosis: surgical management and long-term results. AB - Case histories of 50 consecutive infants and children ith congenital valvular aortic stenosis treated at The Montreal Children's Hospital during the past 16 years were reviewed in order to determine the efficacy of the initial treatment as well as the long-term results. The operative technique employed was to incise fused commissures out almost to the anulus without causing aortic insufficiency, but often the accomplishment was limited by valve anatomy or cusp dysplasia. Six of the seven operative deaths occurred in infants. Eight to 16 year follow-up on the first 25 survivors revealed one late death, four "good" results, five aortic valve replacements, and three second valvotomies. Ten patients have recurrent aortic stenosis and two have moderate aortic insufficiency. Aortic valvotomy is a palliative operation, and about a third of the children operated upon will require a second operation within 10 years. PMID- 7230860 TI - Augmentation of pulmonary blood flow after right ventricular bypass. AB - We have studied pulmonary hemodynamics after right ventricular bypass in dogs. Manipulations of pulmonary vascular resistance and transpulmonary blood pressure difference (delta Pp) made it possible to increase pulmonary blood flow. Decreasing resistance by raising arterial pH from 7.25 to 7.38 increased flow by 24.9%. Infusion of homologous blood to increase right atrial pressure from 10 to 30 mm Hg lowered resistance 41.5% and raised flow 183%. Left ventricular bypass (left atrium to aorta) lowered left atrial pressure, increased arteriovenous pressure gradient by 41.4%, and raised flow 32.8%. These experiments support earlier clinical observations of the importance of low pulmonary vascular resistance and of good left ventricular function both in selection of patients and in postoperative management after right ventricular bypass. Attention to the principles we discuss may permit right ventricular bypass operation in some patients who would not be operable by current criteria. PMID- 7230861 TI - Pathological study of infective endocarditis on Hancock porcine bioprostheses. AB - A pathological study has been performed on 10 infected Hancock bioprostheses removed from nine patients who died of prosthetic endocarditis. The devices had been in place from 2 to 87 months (average 37.5), the interval between operation and onset of infection averaging 30 months. The offending organisms were Gram negative bacteria in three patients (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Serratia marcescens), Gram positive bacteria in two (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans), and fungi in four (Candida species in three and Aspergillus species in one). Gross examination of the explants revealed in most cases a vegetative endocarditis of one porcine valve leaflets. Septic embolization occurred in five cases owing to the high friability of the vegetations. Prosthetic valve incompetence was the commonest type to dysfunction observed because of tears, perforations, and even complete destruction of the cusps. Prosthetic valve stenosis following obstruction of the valve orifice by infected polypous masses was noted in two cases. Clumps of infective organisms were detected deep in the cusp tissue in most cases on histologic examination. Infection located on the paraprosthetic tissues, associated with ring abscess, valve detachment, and insufficiency, was observed only once. According to the results of investigation, endocarditis on porcine bioprostheses is associated with a better preserved native valvular ring as viewed at reoperation. Therefore surgical intervention appears appropriate in the presence of severe hemodynamic complications after adequate antibiotic treatment. However, infection of these particular prostheses still carries an extremely high mortality. In the present series, this poor outcome might be explained by the frequently associated septic and thromboembolic events. PMID- 7230862 TI - Isolated chylopericardium after cardiac operations. AB - Case histories are reported of four patients having chylopericardium following cardiac operations. This entity can be recognized by noting the presence of postprandial milky mediastinal drainage that stains positive for fat with Sudan III. Chylopericardium is caused by operative injury to the thoracic duct, by operative injury to tributaries of the thoracic duct, or by thrombosis at the confluence of the left subclavian and jugular veins with subsequent obstruction of thoracic duct drainage. Appropriate management, which may be either conservative or operative, depends upon the volume and duration of drainage. The conservative approach entails adequate pericardial drainage and institution of a medium-chain triglyceride diet; operative therapy entails ligation of the thoracic duct low in the posterior mediastinum. PMID- 7230863 TI - Hancock bioprosthesis and thrombosis. PMID- 7230864 TI - Myocardial glycogen and potassium cardioplegia. PMID- 7230865 TI - The second manpower survey of thoracic surgery. PMID- 7230866 TI - Differential seeding of injected hemopoietic precursor cells in the bone marrow and spleen of irradiated mice. PMID- 7230867 TI - 1,3 Bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea-induced host resistance to syngeneic LSA mouse leukemia. PMID- 7230868 TI - The development of a liquid culture system for the growth of human bone marrow. PMID- 7230869 TI - Subsets of hairy cell leukemia defined by unique membrane proteins. PMID- 7230870 TI - Regulation of the growth fraction of CFU-S by an inhibitor produced by bone marrow. PMID- 7230871 TI - Recognition of abnormal lysosomal enzyme patterns in childhood leukaemia by isoelectric focusing, with special reference to some properties of abnormally expressed components. PMID- 7230872 TI - Prostaglandin E1-mediated augmentation of human granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cell growth in vitro. PMID- 7230873 TI - Volume increase in L5222 leukemic cells following chemotherapy: manifestation of leukemic cell damage. PMID- 7230874 TI - Cytokinetic changes after cytosine arabinoside in acute non-lymphocyte leukemia. PMID- 7230875 TI - A novel three-way tap. PMID- 7230876 TI - Use of a vapor pressure osmometer to measure brain osmolality. AB - A method is described for determining brain osmolality with a vapor pressure osmometer. This instrument measures dew point temperature depression of a solution in vapor equilibrium in a closed chamber. The principles of vapor pressure osmolality measurement suggest that it may have some advantages over freezing point depression methodology for analysis of tissue samples. Standard solutions (sodium chloride, 290 mOsm/kg water) of 10-20 microliter and at temperature considerably lower than ambient temperature may be delivered to the osmometer and measured without effects on recorded osmolality. Quick-frozen tissue specimens that were dissected while frozen into the shape of a thin slice (0.5-1.0) mm in thickness, 4-5 mm in diameter) and delivered to the machine while still in the frozen state resulted in osmolality values with high reproducibility. With this method, the osmolality of the cerebral hemispheres of pentobarbital anesthetized rats is 305.86 +/- 0.74 mOsm/kg water, a value that is significantly higher than plasma values from the same animals (297.6 +/- 0.72 mOsm/kg water). The findings of this study suggest that with the use of a vapor pressure osmometer, small samples of brain tissue can be measured for osmolality with speed and high reproducibility and without the need for dilutions, weighings, calculations, and external determinations of tissue water content. PMID- 7230877 TI - The electrical characteristics of carbon fibre microelectrodes. PMID- 7230878 TI - Radioimmunoassay of brian tissue and cell nuclear corticosterone. AB - A combined cell fractionation-radioimmunoassay procedure is described to measure tissue and cell nuclear levels of corticosterone (CORT) in rat brain in intact animals in morning, afternoon, and following ether stress as well as in adrenalectomized animals with and without replacement therapy. Tissue and nuclear CORT are, as expected, higher in afternoon than in morning and still higher after stress. Replacement of CORT by a subcutaneous pellet and by single injection of 100 microgram CORT give tissue and nuclear levels in the afternoon range. Measurement of cell nuclear CORT in brain regions reveals a pattern in intact rats very similar to that seen in ADX rats given CORT replacement, with highest CORT concentrations in hippocampus. In ADX rats comparison of cell nuclear CORT levels by radioimmunoassay with levels obtained by scintillation counting after [3H]-CORT gives further validation of the radioimmunoassay procedure. PMID- 7230879 TI - Separation of ovine oligodendrocytes into two distinct bands on a linear sucrose gradient. AB - A new method for isolation of oligodendrocytes is described. The method was developed to isolate intact, viable cells and to fractionate oligodendrocyte subgroups. Finely minced ovine white matter (WM) is incubated in 0.1% trypsin at 37 degrees C for 3.6 min/g WM. Trypsin inhibitor is added to arrest the action of trypsin. Further disruption of tissue is achieved by passage through a series of screens (350 micrometer down to 30 micrometer pore size) and the crude suspension in 0.9 M sucrose is centrifuged at 2100 rpm (850 g) for 10 min. During this step myelin floats to the top of the tube while the cells form a pellet. The pellet is resuspended in 3-4 ml of 0.9 sucrose and applied to a linear sucrose gradient (1.0-1.2 M), which is then centrifuged at 1200 rpm (277 grams) for 40 min. Oligodendrocytes separate into two distinct bands on this gradient suggesting that two subpopulations have been isolated. There are small differences in size between cells from these bands. Oligodendrocytes isolated by this procedure remain viable and differentiated for months as evidenced by their ability to incorporate labeled precursors into galactocerebrosides and sulfatides and to synthesize myelin basic protein. PMID- 7230880 TI - Gaze control in cats achieved by rewarding tongue push movements during the flickering of a light-emitting diode. AB - A method is described for achieving gaze control in cats, by rewarding them for pushing against a lever with their tongue, only when a light-emitting diode (LED) was flickering. Since the state of the LED was changed sequentially from OFF to ON to flickering and the duration of flickering was short, the cats were required to gaze continuously at the LED during its ON period, in order to detect the flickering. After the preliminary training stage, 2-3 weeks were required before the cats performed the task at a higher level than could be predicted by chance. The electro-oculogram indicated that the eyes fixated during the ON period of the LED. PMID- 7230881 TI - Selective cell destruction and precise neurite transection in neuroblastoma cultures with pulsed ultraviolet laser microbeam irradiation: an analysis of mechanisms and transection reliability with light and scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 7230882 TI - Airway responsiveness of chronic smokers to increased lung volume and to a bronchodilator. PMID- 7230884 TI - [2 cases of carcinoid tumor of the small intestine]. PMID- 7230883 TI - Cellular and humoral components of bronchoalveolar lavage in the sheep. PMID- 7230885 TI - [B.C.G. Vaccination in Morocco]. PMID- 7230886 TI - [Organization of antitubercular chemotherapy in Morocco]. PMID- 7230888 TI - [Internal pneumatic fixation of severe flail chests]. PMID- 7230887 TI - [Crossed congenital hemihypertrophy in benign unilateral nephromegaly]. PMID- 7230889 TI - [Infantile type polycystic disease]. PMID- 7230890 TI - [Minkowski-Chauffard disease. Apropos of 8 splenectomies]. PMID- 7230892 TI - [Dosage of antithrombin III in women taking oral contraceptives]. PMID- 7230891 TI - [Empty sella turcica syndrome (a propos of 10 cases)]. PMID- 7230893 TI - [Labeling of thyroglobulin with iodine isotope 125]. PMID- 7230895 TI - Chronic pain patients and spouses: marital and sexual adjustment. AB - Fifty married patients who were referred to a pain-management program and their spouses were interviewed independently concerning marital-sexual adjustment. The effect of pain on frequency and quality of sexual activity, and the effect of sexual activity on pain, showed a consistent trend toward deterioration in sexual activity after the onset of pain complaints in both patient and spouse groups. Ratings of overall sexual adjustments and adjustment in marriage were essentially the same for both groups before the onset of pain; but after pain onset a significantly large number of spouses rated their marriage below average, whereas most patients rated it average or above average. For the pain patient and his or her spouse, it seems very important that open and candid communication exist about the constant problem of adjusting to chronic pain, and the spouse should participate in the treatment program. PMID- 7230894 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: initial Mayo Clinic experience. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is a promising new method of treatment for patients with coronary artery disease. Inflation of a balloon located at the tip of a catheter is used to dilate stenoses. In the first year of the use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty at the Mayo Clinic, it was applied in 34 selected patients whose severe angina pectoris was related to a single, high-grade coronary artery stenosis. Successful dilation (stenosis opened by 40% or more of the normal luminal diameter) was achieved in 22 patients (65% of the total). Early postangioplasty assessment indicated relief of angina in all of these patients except for one patient who demonstrated coronary spasm that was responsive to medication. Median hospital stay was 3 days. Failure of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in the remaining 12 patients was usually due to an inability to manipulate the balloon catheter across the stenotic segment. Eleven of these patients had saphenous vein bypass graft surgery, as planned, immediately after the attempted angioplasty. There have been no deaths, but three patients sustained a transmural myocardial infarction. This initial experience with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty indicates that it is a relatively safe and a frequently effective method of relieving coronary stenosis in selected patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. PMID- 7230896 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty--still an investigational procedure. PMID- 7230897 TI - Examining healthy patients. PMID- 7230898 TI - Rectification on drug interactions with warfarin. PMID- 7230899 TI - Elevated levels of the eosinophil granule major basic protein in the sputum of patients with bronchial asthma. AB - The eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP) is toxic to parasites and mammalian cells. Because eosinophilia is characteristic of asthma, we tested the effect of MBP on bronchi and assayed sputa for this protein. We found that MBP damaged bronchial epithelium in vitro and produced changes that mimicked those in asthma. Radioimmunoassay of sputa from 100 consecutive patients with respiratory diseases revealed MBP levels above 0.1 mug/ml in 13 patients, and 11 of these had asthma. In 15 patient hospitalized for asthma, MBP levels of sputum were markedly elevated. Treatment with bronchodilators and glucocorticoids caused an increase peak expiratory flow rate, a reduction in blood eosinophils, and a decrease in the serum and sputum levels of MBP. The results indicate that eosinophil granule constituents are released into the bronchi in asthma and that measurement of sputum MBP may be useful in identifying asthma. The possibility that the eosinophil damages bronchial epithelium in asthma is discussed. PMID- 7230900 TI - Effect on hemoglobin A1 of rapid normalization of glycemia with an artificial endocrine pancreas. AB - Six insulin-requiring chronically hyperglycemic diabetic patients underwent glucose control for 72 hours with an artificial endocrine pancreas, the Biostator Glucose Controller. Euglycemia was within 4 hours and was maintained (110 leads to 2 mg/dl) thereafter. The concentration of hemoglobin A (HbA) was elevated, at 12.5 leads to 0.6%, at the initiation of Biostator treatment. Decreases in HbA, of 0.5 leads to 0.1% (P less than 0.01) were observed within 4 hours of Biostator therapy. Over the first 16 hours, the slope was less steep, -0.018 leads to 0.004% per hour (P less than 0.01). After 72 hours, decreases in HbA of 1.8 leads to 0.4% (P less than 0.01) were observed. The current concept of HbA as an indication of integrated glycemia over weeks and months requires modification to account for a small, rapidly reversible component. Interpretation of the value of HbA when measured by a kit method must take into consideration that small changes in HbA may occur over a few hours as a result of a large and persistent change in glycemia. PMID- 7230901 TI - Giant cell arteritis detected by bone marrow biopsy. AB - A case of giant cell arteritis is reported that was detected by bone marrow biopsy. The histopathologic features of the bone marrow lesion included an enlarged artery, whose wall showed intimal thickening, fibrinoid necrosis, destruction of the internal elastic lamina, and multinucleated giant cells. The demonstration of involvement of bone marrow vessels by giant cell arteritis reaffirms the systemic nature of the disease. Bone marrow biopsy is not the method of choice for establishment of the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis, but it may lead to the diagnosis in rare instances. PMID- 7230902 TI - Series on pharmacology in practice. 12. Antineoplastic agents. AB - Drug treatment for cancer is now widely utilized and in selected neoplasms offers the opportunity for prolonged remission or even cure. Knowledge of the clinical pharmacology of these agents is critically important to successful therapy. Severe and potentially fatal toxicity may occur unless these agents are administered with meticulous attention to details by physicians experienced in their use. Knowledge of functional impairment of organs responsible for the metabolic breakdown or excretion of these agents and awareness of drug-drug interactions are essential in guiding selection and dosage. The late complications that may result are particularly relevant in patients who achieve prolonged remission or cure and in those for whom these agents are used for benign disorders. PMID- 7230903 TI - The eosinophil: friend or foe? PMID- 7230904 TI - What became of the rotating internship? PMID- 7230905 TI - Hospital libraries: expensive window dressing or resources for cost-containment? PMID- 7230906 TI - Suicide! An interview with Chester W. Schmidt, Jr., MD. Interview by Blaine Taylor. PMID- 7230907 TI - Subjective elements in rehabilitation psychiatry. PMID- 7230908 TI - Toxic-shock syndrome: a recent case and discussion. PMID- 7230909 TI - "Primary" miliary tuberculosis of the liver presenting as acute cholecystitis. PMID- 7230910 TI - The influence of age on the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system of the mouse: a quantitative ultrastructural analysis of the posterior pituitary. AB - A quantitative ultrastructural study of the posterior pituitary was undertaken. The posterior pituitary is the storage of the hormones vasopressin and oxytocin. Female C57BL/Icrfat mice which were under conditions of normal hydration were sampled at 8 and 32 months of age. There was a slight age-related decline in the volume fraction of cellular components with a corresponding increase in perivascular space. The proportion of neurosecretory endings and swellings showing autophagic activity (Dellman type II Herring bodies) increased significantly in the senescent mouse. The total pituicyte population showed a significant decrease in volume fraction, but with a significant increase in electron-dense types. Of the subcellular parameters examined, only the diameter of the neurosecretory granules showed a significant age-related decrease, the volume fraction remaining unaltered. The animals used in this study were from stocks found to be in a constant oestrus-metoestrus-like state unlikely to obscure changes in pituitary morphology. Over-all, the morphology of the posterior pituitary of the senescent female mouse under physiologically defined resting conditions indicates maintenance of the status quo. PMID- 7230911 TI - Does the capacity of ribosomes to control translation fidelity change with age? AB - The stress of increased magnesium concentration and of antibiotic action was used to test for changes in the capacity of ribosomes to maintain the fidelity of translation in protein synthesis during aging. Elongation fidelity of ribosomes isolated from livers of young adult (6-10 months, n=9) and old (23-24 months, n=11) rats was assessed for poly(U) message through the error co-incorporation of leucine (Leu) with phenylalanine (Phe), using controlled rate measurements. No statistically significant difference in the error response of ribosomes from young and old animals was detected on manipulating magnesium. The maximum Phe and Leu rates occurred at approximately 8 and approximately 11 mM Mg2+, respectively; the relative error frequency (Leu/Phe ratio) at the Leu maximum was approximately 2%. The aminoglycoside paromomycin (PM) elicited a considerably higher degree of error incorporation: 12-14% Leu/Phe in the range of the Leu rate maximum, 40-60 microM paromomycin, at 9 mM Mg2+. A statistically significant increase was detected in the error frequency for ribosomes from old as compared with young animals (at p less than 0.02) between 20 and 60 microM paromomycin, the largest increase (approximately 9%) occurring at the Leu rate maximum. Also, the ribosomes from the old animals, in terms of the error frequency, were found to be significantly more sensitive to paromomycin concentration (at p less than 0.02) up to the Leu maximum. These results indicate that liver ribosomes of old rats may have a slightly decreased capacity to maintain fidelity, which can be expressed under particular conditions. PMID- 7230912 TI - The monoclonal antibodies of cold agglutinin syndrome. Properties of the monoclonal autoantibodies. PMID- 7230913 TI - Effects of hyperprolactinemia on calciotropic hormones. AB - Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels as well as the renal handling of phosphorus were measured in female patients with hyperprolactinemia. Despite elevated prolactin levels, none of the patients showed an imbalance of the biochemical parameters of mineral homeostasis. Neither surgery nor bromocriptine treatment, both of which brought PRL within the normal limits, had an appreciable effect on the circulating concentrations of mineral and calciotropic hormones. These results do not allow us to assign a definite role to PRL in the control of mineral metabolism in man. PMID- 7230914 TI - Effects of ethanol on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats. AB - The effect of ethanol on hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy was studied. Ethanol was administered in a nutritionally adequate liquid diet 4 times daily by gastric intubation. The dose of ethanol was selected to maintain a continuous level of ethanol in the animals throughout the experiment. Treatment was started 24 hours before the operation and continued for 6 days. Control animals were pair-fed on a diet in which ethanol was isocalorically replaced by carbohydrate. On the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th day after the operation the incorporation of [3H]-labelled thymidine into liver DNA and [14C]-labelled leucine into liver proteins and the mitotic index of the regenerating liver was assessed. On the 2nd and 3rd day the incorporation of labelled thymidine into DNA in the regenerating livers of alcohol-fed animals was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than in pair-fed controls. The inhibition was most pronounced (60%) on the 2nd day after the operation. This was associated with a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in mitotic activity, which was most pronounced in the periportal area. At the end of the experiment, however, DNA content was similar both in ethanol-treated and in control livers. It is concluded that the continuous presence of ethanol retards DNA synthesis and cell division of regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy. The incorporation of [14C] leucine into liver proteins was inhibited by ethanol on the second day of regeneration (P less than 0.01), and at the end of the experiment the livers of ethanol-fed rats contained more protein than the control livers. This accumulation of proteins was accompanied by hepatomegaly. PMID- 7230915 TI - Proteinuria in the Fischer rat by feeding 2-aminoanthraquinone. PMID- 7230916 TI - Analysis of small discrete samples of gas with a respiratory mass spectrometer. PMID- 7230917 TI - Multi-branched model of the human arterial system. PMID- 7230918 TI - Synthesising of a motor unit potential based on the sequential firing of muscle fibres. PMID- 7230919 TI - Evaluation of telephone transmission for computer electrocardiographic interpretation in Japan. PMID- 7230920 TI - A high-resolution interval timer and buffered storage system for neurophysiological experiments. PMID- 7230921 TI - Automatic rezeroing of drifting physiologic signals. PMID- 7230922 TI - Calculation of the conduction velocity of short nerve fibres. PMID- 7230924 TI - Programmable machine for dialyser reuse. PMID- 7230925 TI - Lipoprotein size distributions from the analytical ultracentrifugation of serum and lipoprotein samples. PMID- 7230926 TI - Determination of electrode impedance with an f.f.t. spectrum analyser. PMID- 7230923 TI - Magneto- and electrophosphenes: a comparative study. PMID- 7230927 TI - A pressure-sensitive transistor spirometer for the assessment of human ventilatory capacity from forced expiratory manoeuvres. PMID- 7230928 TI - An implantable p-m.o.s. monolithic switch for biphasic stimulation. PMID- 7230929 TI - Peak detector-memory system for electrophysiological signals. PMID- 7230930 TI - Negative feedback-controlled electromechanical transducer for oscillation and stretch of muscle. PMID- 7230931 TI - Monitoring the respiratory and heart rate of assembly-line factory workers. PMID- 7230932 TI - A new ventilation failure alarm. PMID- 7230933 TI - A methodology for the analysis of comparability of services and financial impact of closure of obstetrics services. AB - An analysis of seven hospitals in three communities was undertaken to examine the impact on the hospitals and the communities if one hospital in each area closed obstetrics services due to excess capacity in each community. To carry out this analysis, a methodology was developed to compare the adequacy and quality of the services in the hospitals. This analysis considered many structural and outcome measures. A second phase examined, through a patient origin study and physician survey, how patient loads would be redistributed in the future if one of the units were closed. The third phase developed methodology to analyze the current cost of obstetrics and nursery care, analyze the effects on the general services and ancillary departments if the maternity unit expanded or closed; compute the overall cost effects and analyze the impact on Blue Cross, Medicaid and Medicare reimbursement. Highlights of the findings include the following: six of the seven hospitals are currently losing a significant amount of money on obstetrics; the cost of obstetrics care had virtually no relation to the overall cost of care in the hospital; five of the seven hospitals would be in better financial condition if they closed obstetrics; and systemwide cost savings of 7-15 per cent of the cost of obstetrics care were computed if one unit per community were closed. PMID- 7230935 TI - The structural configuration of U.S. hospital medical staffs. AB - Using data from the 1973 American Hospital Association national survey of hospital medical staff organization, six factors of medical staff organization structure are examined in relation to each other and to hospital ownership, size, teaching status, geographic region and size of Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA). The six factors include 1) Resource Capability; 2) Generalist Physician Contractual Orientation; 3) Communication and Control; 4) Local Staff Orientation; 5) Physician Participation in Decision Making; and 6) Hospital-Based Contractual Orientation. Several relatively distinct patterns emerged related to hospital ownership, size, teaching activity and region of the country, as well as interrelationships among the factors themselves. Differences between smaller and larger hospitals clearly emerged as well as a distinctive pattern for for-profit hospitals. All of the factors are subject to manipulation through administrative and/or public policy interventions and the findings suggest dimensions for future investigation of important policy issues related to the medical staff's role in cost containment, utilization, quality assurance and technology adoption. PMID- 7230934 TI - Planning health services for a city jail: impact of contractual services on men's sick call. AB - A nonviolent protest by prisoners began a 2-year planning process leading to the implementation of contractual medical services at Baltimore City Jail. This study was conducted in order to assess the impact of contractual services on the process of men's sick call. The contractual program was associated with a decrease in utilization of men's sick call: 62.9 patient visits per day per 1,000 prisoners in 1975 versus 27.4 patient visits per day per 1,000 prisoners in 1978; an increased duration of encounter; 2.8 minutes in 1975 versus 10.9 minutes in 1978; and with changes in prescribing patterns and in categories of patients' complaints. Baltimore City Jail spent about $588 per prisoner-year during fiscal year 1977, and about $670 per prisoner-year during fiscal year 1978, the first year of contractual services. We conclude that a system of health services for a large, urban jail can allow time for humane and professional encounters between providers and patients. PMID- 7230936 TI - Determinants of hospital staff nurse turnover. AB - Organizational and nonorganizational determinants of staff nurse turnover are investigated in a panel study of 1,259 nurses employed in two university affiliated hospitals. Findings are consistent with a causal chain in which perceived autonomy, job satisfaction, intent to leave the hospital and turnover are a sequence of outcomes reflecting the successive stages of a nurse's decision to resign. Both personal characteristics and job-related attributes are predictive at various stages of the process, although family status variables have no significant effects. Implications for hospital management of turnover are discussed. PMID- 7230937 TI - Demographic factors associated with physician staffing in rural areas: the experience of the National Health Service Corps. AB - To determine which demographic factors favor rural communities obtaining physicians, county characteristics of National Health Service Corps sites are analyzed. Through the use of a difference of means test, sites which were staffed at least once are compared with sites which were never able to obtain physicians. Since a major portion of the sites never staffed were located in the Southeast, the effect of "southeast location" as a separate, binary variable is considered. Five factors related to income, employment and education significantly (p less than 0.01) distinguish the staffed from the "never-staffed" sites. A function derived from discriminant analysis correctly classifies more than 70 per cent of the sites as staffed or never-staffed; inclusion of the southeast variable increases the number of correctly classified sites by 6 per cent. Given the presence of both socioeconomic and nondemographic constraints on rural communities, significant improvements in physician distribution may require that programmatic interventions be intensified. PMID- 7230938 TI - Measuring the health care needs of an adult population in California. AB - An objective index of met health care needs based on specific conditions and symptoms medically judged to require medical attention was tested with data on an adult sample of the population in Alameda County, California. It was found that the needs of 81 per cent of subjects with symptoms of arthritis were met, whereas only 60 per cent of subjects with frequent leg cramps had their needs met. It was further found that age, regular source of care, medical insurance and perceived health status were associated with whether or not subjects with certain conditions or symptoms received medical attention. Policy implications of the findings are briefly discussed. PMID- 7230939 TI - A comment on "On the Measurement of Hospital Case Mix". PMID- 7230940 TI - Advances in the measurement of functional status: construction of aggregate indexes. AB - This article summarizes tests of the appropriateness of aggregating specific categories of physical capacities and limitations into aggregate functional status indexes. Self-administered questionnaires were used to gather data from 4,603 people between 14 and 66 years of age. Cumulative indexes defining ranked levels of functional status were derived for two global constructs of functioning (personal and role functioning). Each index is scored to define chronic limitations and those of shorter duration. Personal functioning includes self care, mobility and physical activity categories. Role functioning includes role and general activity categories. An index that aggregated personal and role limitations did not satisfy the assumptions of cumulative scaling. PMID- 7230941 TI - Gallbladder operations: a population-based analysis. AB - Cholecystectomy is one of the most frequently performed elective surgical procedures, and a major contributor to surgery-associated mortality. The well documented variation in surgical rates across geographic areas has been attributed not simply to differences in disease prevalence but to factors such as varying rates of clinical and radiologic investigation and use of different indications for surgical treatment. The research uses a large claims-based data bank--the hospital and medical files maintained by the Manitoba Health Services Commission. The study focused first on the incidence of gallbladder operations in Manitoba's six rural and three urban areas. Age-adjusted surgical rates varied across regions from more than 50 operations per 10,000 persons aged 25 and over to less than 42. Such variation was considerably less than that noted earlier for the tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy (T&A) operation. Cholecystectomy and T&A rates were not significantly correlated across regions. Moreover, a region's cholecystectomy rate and its 'supply' of operating physicians (measured by a physician-to-population ratio) were not significantly associated. Because a large number of referrals to surgeons in urban centers take place, an analytical distinction between surgery done within the region and that done outside the region has been made. Some movement of rural patients with more serious conditions to urban hospitals is found. Questions of regionalization of surgery are discussed using 9 years of data on mortality following cholecystectomy and biliary tract surgery. PMID- 7230942 TI - An analytic method for the evaluation of rural Emergency Medical Service development. AB - An analytic method is presented for assessing the marginal impact of incremental changes in rural Emergency Medical Services (EMS) on cardiac mortality, morbidity, EMS system process and performance, and health care system utilization. The method incorporates a model of the EMS system. This model specifies five sets of interactive variables characterizing EMS system development and effectiveness. The analytic method quantifies the contribution of each of these sets of interactive variables on the outcome variables (cardiac mortality, morbidity, EMS process/performance, and health care system utilization) for three target populations: those who utilize the EMS system, all hospitalized patients with acute ischemic heart disease independent of EMS system use, and the population of all patients dying from acute ischemic heart disease on a communitywide basis. By including in the model those factors unique to rural areas, such as scarcity of fiscal and health care system resources, geographical constraints, and the skewed severity of case mix due to the clinical and socioeconomic conditions found among rural patients, the analytic method is able to quantify and help explain the impact of these factors on the EMS system and the limitations which they impose. The analytic method affords planners and administrators and rational basis for decisions regarding future rural EMS system development through its identification of those system characteristics amenable to change and worth pursuing from a health policy perspective. PMID- 7230943 TI - [Our experience with lasers in digestive endoscopy]. PMID- 7230945 TI - [Role of mesenterico-caval anastomosis in the treatment of hemorrhage due to portal hypertension. Critical study]. PMID- 7230944 TI - [Vascular complications of chronic volvulus of the small intestine. Valve of arteriography]. PMID- 7230946 TI - [Hemoperitoneum caused by spontaneous rupture of hepatic metastases: suture of hepatectomy?]. PMID- 7230948 TI - [Acute appendicitis during pregnancy and the puerperium. Difficulties of diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7230947 TI - [Study of the hypothalamo-gonadal axis in cirrhotic women during reproductive years]. PMID- 7230949 TI - [Pancreatitis and primary hyperparathyroidism. Coincidence or consequence? (7 cases)]. PMID- 7230950 TI - [Reoperations for developmental disorders of Oddi's sphincter after cholecystectomy for lithiasis. 31 cases]. PMID- 7230951 TI - [Studies of hepatobiliary function by a diethyl derivative of azo-substituted iminodiacetic acid, labeled with Tc-99m]. PMID- 7230952 TI - [Value of nicergoline in the prevention of postoperative thrombophlebitis]. PMID- 7230954 TI - [Value of the use of a new hepatotropic drug, arginine tidiacicate in gastroenterology. Results of a multicentric study]. PMID- 7230953 TI - [Effect of a new gastrokinetic drug on gastrointestinal motility: domperidone, a peripheral antidopaminergic drug]. PMID- 7230955 TI - [Upper digestive tract burns due to corrosive substances. Reflections apropos of 25 cases]. PMID- 7230956 TI - Symposium on body fluid and electrolyte disorders. PMID- 7230957 TI - Hyponatremia. PMID- 7230958 TI - Hypernatremia and hypertonic syndromes. PMID- 7230959 TI - Edema states and the use of diuretics. PMID- 7230960 TI - Differential diagnosis of polyuria and diabetes insipidus. PMID- 7230961 TI - Simple acid-base disturbances. PMID- 7230962 TI - Mixed acid base disturbances: a clinical approach. AB - The analysis of a mixed acid-base disturbance begins with the history and physical examination from which data can be derived that make the clinician suspect a specific disturbance(s). The electrolytes are then evaluated with emphasis on the meaning of the values for serum bicarbonate, potassium and chloride concentration and on the level of the anion gap. Other laboratory data such as serum creatinine or glucose concentrations, blood cultures, and so forth, should also be reviewed for further clues to a possible disturbance(s). When it is clinically indicated, values for pH and Pco2 are obtained by blood gas determination. If the evidence up to this point indicates the presence of at least one disturbance, the data are examined to see if compensation for this disturbance is appropriate. If not, a mixed disturbance must be present. A normal pH in the setting of an abnormal serum HCO3(-) concentration or Pco2 also suggests a mixed disturbance since compensation rarely corrects the pH back to normal. Of course, a pH deviated in the opposite direction than that expected for a known primary disturbance makes the diagnosis of a mixed disturbance certain. The diagnosis of a mixed acid-base disturbance is therefore based on an analysis of all the clinical data and not just the blood gas measurements. Treatment of the disorders should be directed at maintaining a normal or near normal pH. Some combined acid-base disorders are important to recognize because they can result in a severe deviation in blood pH that demands immediate, specific therapy. Other mixed disturbances result in a pH which is near normal but are important to recognize since they can alert the clinician to the possibility of certain clinical derangements such as septic shock or drug ingestion. Careful analysis of mixed acid-base disturbances in this way is not peutic information to be used in caring for his (her) patients. PMID- 7230963 TI - Potassium homeostasis. PMID- 7230964 TI - Oliguria and acute renal failure. PMID- 7230965 TI - Electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid homeostasis in chronic renal failure. PMID- 7230967 TI - Implementation of attractive dialogues in nutritive analysis and clinical dietetics information systems. AB - The implementation and evaluation of a system providing both extensive nutritive analysis calculations and interactive capabilities are described. The extensive calculating ability of the system arose from the historic need for nutrient intake estimates in clinical investigation and nutritional research. The availability of computer-aided instruction (CAI) system software lead to adoption of the interactive style originating at Ohio State University. Capabilities evolved into an extended interactive processor utilizing an extensive data-base. The interactive processor functions either directly, for immediate response, or as a preprocessor for the more extensive processing system. Use of this capability by a dietetics consortium in the Pacific North-west has lead to definitions of effective and desirable styles of interaction by dietitians with a food and nutrient data-base. Hosting the PILOT CAI language with a high-level language, SAIL, allowed convenient and flexible dialogue creation as well as computational power. The central data-base was restructured on two occasions to accommodate the required characteristics for foods and their nutrients. The lack of interfaces between medical-information packages, and between languages, presently limits the growth of this system into a fully integrated component of the health-care information domain. PMID- 7230966 TI - Information and clinical pharmacology: role of the computer. AB - The author notes the need for information from a variety of sources in order to support decision processes of the clinical pharmacologist. One of the data-bases urgently required is a central collection of drug information, which includes quantitative pharmacokinetic data as well as qualitative data and which would be used in evaluating complex drug interactions as well as uncomplicated adverse reactions. The need to be able to link these data-bases with others is noted. The need to develop professional consensus on data-base structure algorithms and the lexicon and terms used to create such systems is discussed. The role of the various professional societies is suggested with the observation that examples of this kind of effort and an awareness of the need for its existence are on hand. PMID- 7230968 TI - Statistical variability of biomedical data: Part 1. The influence of serial correlation on mean value estimates. AB - Many biomedical variables are subject to large short-term fluctuations; so, measurements of the variable requires statistical improvement. Such variables also commonly exhibit longitudinal correlation due to systematic variations contributed by underlying biological mechanisms and sometimes constituting most of the variability. This correlation structure interferes with the operation of statistical procedures, such as longitudinal averaging to improve resolution of the mean value, and manipulations designed to provide objective comparative assessments of data samples. A convenient approach to evaluating and overcoming these problems can be made through the degrees of freedom concept. It is shown how the degrees of freedom content of the sample of serially correlated data is related to the correlation structure of the variable and how this affects variability of the mean in different sized samples. The approach is confirmed both by simulation and by empirical studies on several biomedical variables: various intra-arterial and left ventricular blood-pressure measurements, heart rate, and nystagmus inter-beat intervals in the stimulated electro-oculogram. The implications for measurement are discussed, specifically in respect of sampling protocols to improve resolution to a specified extent (for which a microprocessor instrument has been designed), as well as in determining the inherent longitudinal resolution of a data sequence and the effective precision displayed by the observations. PMID- 7230969 TI - Applying the principle of logical elimination to probabilistic diagnosis. AB - A probability theorem is described which identifies the factors to be considered when applying the principle of logical elimination to probabilistic diagnosis. The proof is based only on the multiplication, addition and universal bound axioms of probability. When new tests are being designed from knowledge of disease mechanisms, criteria based on the theorem can be used to assess their suitability for interpretation in a logical manner. A simple convention is adopted to allow probabilities to be substantiated in terms of observed frequencies. PMID- 7230970 TI - A community-based hypertension register as a part of a systematic hypertension control project: experiences from the North Karelia project. AB - A community control program for hypertension was instituted during 1972 and 1977 as a major subprogramme of the North Karelia project. The aim was to reduce the high blood-pressure levels prevalent among the whole population of the county of North Karelia. A community-based hypertension register, established according to the recommendations of the WHO, served as a central information system and ensured the continuous follow-up of the hypertensive patients. During the period May 1972 to April 1977 17 014 hypertensive subjects were registered (9.7% of the total population). The registered subjects were followed-up annually. The build up of the registration system took two to three years, the system proved to be feasible, the percentage of non-participants during the follow-up was between 14 and 16% and the amount of missing data was insignificant. PMID- 7230971 TI - Prazosin-induced haemodynamic modification in human hypertension. Evidence from strain-gauge plethysmography. Part II. AB - Three hypertensive in-patients responsive to a single oral administration of 1 mg prazosin were studied to compare the delays of drug effect on peripheral blood flow (PBF), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). Arm PBF was measured by venous occlusion strain-gauge plethysmography in a long run session (lasting at least 2 hours) every 5 - 10 minutes. HR and BP were measured accordingly, by conventional methods. The delays of the effect were compared by a cross correlation function of HR, systolic and diastolic BP versus PBF. The results show both advance and delay of HR increase as compared with PBF increase, suggesting some independent mode of action of prazosin at peripheral (vasodilation) and central (HR) level. BP decrease is instead always delayed with respect to PBF increase, by a variable amount (10 - 60 minutes) and with some difference in time response to systolic and diastolic BP, suggesting some independent feed-back loops controlling systolic and diastolic BP adjustment due to primary vasodilation effect. PMID- 7230972 TI - Evaluation of the clinical electrophysiological effects of antianginal drugs without specific antiarrhythmic properties. AB - The authors have studied the electrophysiological effects of four antianginal drugs: oxyfedrine, nifedipine, dipyridamole and carbochromene. These drugs demonstrated different and sometimes contrasting effects on sinus node function, atrial refractoriness and atrioventricular conduction. These effects may constitute an indication or a contraindication in different clinical pictures and should be considered in the choice of treatment of patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7230973 TI - Evaluation of cephradine-chemoprophylaxis in Cesarean section. AB - The clinical efficacy of the prophylactic use of cephradine was evaluated prospectively in 118 women who underwent cesarean section. The patients of the cephradine group had a significantly lower (p less than 0.01) postoperative morbidity rate (17.79%) as compared with the control group (51.06%). The mean hospitalization time was also significantly shorter (p less than 0.01) in the cephradine group (7.2 +/- 0.13) than in the control group (10.9 +/- 0.23). Cephradine was proved to be an effective antimicrobial agent for chemoprophylaxis, due to its wide antimicrobial spectrum, beta-lactamase resistance, low percentage protein binding, large volume of distribution and non metabolic degradation. PMID- 7230974 TI - The determination of the vasoactivity of mepivacaine and its isomers. PMID- 7230976 TI - Upper respiratory syndrome: mechanisms of clearing. AB - The filter mechanism in the upper respiratory tract presupposes an intact ciliary epithelium and normal secretion from the goblet cells and tubular glands. The interaction of ciliary motion and the production of biochemically normal secretion leads to unimpeded mucociliary clearance. This is supported by immunological and cellular defence factors and can be promoted or inhibited by certain drugs. PMID- 7230975 TI - Isolation and determination of tissue spermidine using Bio-Rex 70. AB - Bio-Rex 70, a weak cation exchange resin, has been used to extract spermidine from rat tissues. This method compares favourably to other extraction procedures with respect to selectivity, reproducibility and time needed to perform the procedure and, because it combines the optimum of these procedures, it appears more adaptable for routine laboratory use. Following extraction, spermidine is quantified fluorometrically after condensation with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPT). The sensitivity of the present procedure allows for the chromatographic isolation of 20 ng spermidine to give fluorescence twice that of blank. The procedure is selective for spermidine because the fluorescence of other OPT-reactive substances has been eliminated by either the extraction or the assay procedures. The stability and reproducibility of the adsorption and elution characteristics of Bio-Rex 70 enables the determination of 30 tissue samples in a working day. This procedure has been used to determine the levels of spermidine in whole and regional brain areas. In addition, the concentration of spermidine in peripheral tissues was also determined. Of the brain regions, the medulla oblongata/pons had the highest level of spermidine (68.24 +/- 7.67 microgram/g), and in peripheral tissues the highest level of this polyamine was found in the heart (48.59 +/- 4.32 microgram/g). PMID- 7230978 TI - An overview of the use of computers in pharmacology. PMID- 7230977 TI - Prazosin-induced vasodilatation of muscle blood vessels in human hypertension. Evidence from strain-gauge plethysmography. Part I. AB - The fall of blood pressure provoked in hypertensive men by a single oral dose of 1 mg of prazosin is associated with an increase of forearm muscle blood flow. This phenomenon may be demonstrated by a sequence of strain-gauge plethysmographic measurements, taken at regular intervals (5-10 minutes), before and during the action of the drug, lasting more than 2 hours. PMID- 7230979 TI - Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin (carsil) on liver of D-galactosamine treated rats. Biochemical and morphological investigations. AB - The hepatoprotective effect of carsil (generic name silymarin) on a model of liver intoxication with D-galactosamine in rats is studied. The changes in the activity of the serum enzymes GOT, GPT, MDH, SDH, ICDH, AP. AhE and the total protein as well as the UDP-sugars content in the liver is investigated. Histochemical and electronmicroscopical investigations of the liver are carried out simultaneously. It is obvious that carsil prevents to a considerable degree the increase of the serum enzymes activity caused by a D-galactosamine injury, enhances the metabolic conversion of the UDP-hexosamine into UDP-acetylhexosamine in the liver and hastens the normalizing of the UDP-glucuronic acid content in the liver of rats. The biochemical and morphological changes under the influence of carsil and the possible biochemical mechanism of the drug action is discussed. PMID- 7230980 TI - Defining a practical solution for iontophoretic local anesthesia of skin. PMID- 7230981 TI - Bleeding complications of heparin treatment in geriatric patients. PMID- 7230982 TI - The simultaneous determination of pethidine and norpethidine in biofluids by nitrogen selective gas chromatography. AB - A rapid sensitive and selective gas chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of pethidine and its major basic metabolite, norpethidine, using a nitrogen selective detector. The procedure involved a preliminary ethereal extraction of the drug, its metabolite and internal marker (lignocaine) from the alkalinised biological fluids (plasma or urine). The extract, after concentration, was analysed by a GC system (3 per cent OV 17 on Gas Chrom Q, 80-100 mesh) linked to a nitrogen selective detector. The calibration graphs (relating peak height ratios of the drug to internal marker and concentration) of pethidine and norepethidine were linear and reproducible over the ranges of 5 ng/ml to 100 ng/ml for plasma samples and 50 ng/ml to 1000 ng/ml for urine samples. The recovery of the drug and metabolite from plasma samples at 5 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml is 100 per cent and 84.9 per cent respectively for pethidine, and 100 per cent and 90.9 per cent respectively for norpethidine. Similar recovery from urine samples of pethidine and norpethidine is also achieved at 50 ng/ml and 1000 ng/ml levels. The reproducibility of the assay procedure for pethidine and norpethidine is 100 +/- 0.02 per cent and 100 +/- 0.04 per cent at 100 ng/ml level, and 100 +/- 0.15 per cent and 100 +/- 0.12 per cent at 5 ng/ml level. PMID- 7230983 TI - Discussion panel on colo-rectal carcinoma. PMID- 7230984 TI - [Parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis or oral antimicrobial bowel preparation for colorectal surgery (author's transl)]. AB - A prospective randomized trial was designed to establish whether parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis was as effective as oral antimicrobial bowel preparation in preventing sepsis after colorectal surgery. Patients scheduled for elective resection of colorectal cancer received metronidazole and kanamycin either orally in the preoperative phase or parenterally as a short-term perioperative prophylaxis. The former regimen resulted in reduction of the microbial concentrations in the bowel contents in the absence of therapeutic serum concentrations at the time of operation, whereas the latter achieved therapeutic intraoperative serum levels without altering the colonic microflora. 72 patients were studied. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of postoperative sepsis between the two groups (a total of 72 patients). These results differ from those obtained at the Birmingham General Hospital using the same protocol, in which postoperative sepsis was significantly more common in the group of patients having oral bowel preparation. This difference was most probably due to an overgrowth of kanamycin-resistant coliforms during the period of oral antibiotic preparation. The presence of resistant organisms did not, however, result in failure of systemic prophylaxis. The authors conclude that short-term parenteral application is the safer method of antibiotic prophylaxis in colorectal surgery and is to be preferred to oral antimicrobial bowel preparation. PMID- 7230985 TI - [Therapy of purulent peritonitis. Documentation of 78 cases and experience with taurolin (author's transl)]. AB - From three different surgical departments 78 patients with purulent peritonitis are analyzed according to cause, origin, and extent of peritonitis. Operative therapy is presented. As additional antibacterial therapy the new chemotherapeutic agent, Taurolin, with antiendotoxin-effect is used. The postoperative course (temperature exceeding 38 degrees C, secondary wound healing, day of discharge, and serious complications) is correlated with pre- and intraoperative parameters; for instance, 1. postoperative fever occurs in one half of the patients, more frequently following perforation of stomach and duodenum; 2. every second patient shows secondary wound healing, this happens even more often in peritonitis arising from biliary disease or appendicitis; 3. in 29.5% of the patients serious complications arise, especially in patients with peritonitis originating in stomach, small intestine or large bowel; 4. overall mortality of 11.5% is surpassed in patients with peritonitis originating from small intestine or large bowel. The so-called peritonitis-index (calculated on the basis of pre- and intraoperative factors) shows a significant difference between survivors and patients dying during the postoperative course. In 80% of the 78 patients with purulent peritonitis taurolin was effective as a substitute for the usual antibiotics. PMID- 7230987 TI - [The effect of cimetidine on oxygen consumption and blood flow in the gastric fundus wall after dissection of the left gastric vessels: an experimental study on pigs (author's transl)]. AB - Determination of the regional gastric blood flow in pigs with tracer microspheres indicates maximum blood flow in the fundus mucosa, even after dissection of the left gastric vessels. Excessive aerobic metabolism in this region was proved by measuring the arteriovenous oxygen difference. Fundus oxygen consumption was significantly depressed by cimetidine; change of blood flow distribution, a disadvantage for the seromuscular fundus layer, was inhibited. PMID- 7230988 TI - [Benign tumors in the upper gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. AB - Information is given on 113 cases of solitary or multiple benign tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The clinical symptoms and procedures of diagnosis of these rare tumors of esophagus, stomach, and small intestine are discussed. For therapy, surgical intervention is usually required because of malignant degeneration and complications like bleeding or perforation. Mortality was found to be 4.4%, so that the individual indication for operation should be considered. PMID- 7230989 TI - [Indications and results of Y-gastrojejunostomy after gastric resection (author's transl)]. AB - The Y-gastrojejunostomy with a long jejunal loop is advantageous in the treatment of recurrent ulcer after gastric resection and in the treatment of persistent peptic esophageal stricture. The peptic damage of esophageal mucosa by gastric juice and bile is thus prevented, and the stricture can heal. In regard to the pathogenicity of duodenogastric bile reflux, the routine Y-technique in gastric resection seems reasonable. PMID- 7230986 TI - [Anterior resection and abdomino-perineal extirpation in patients with rectal cancer: a retrospective analysis (author's transl)]. AB - Eighty-seven patients with an abdomino-perineal extirpation of the rectum and 75 patients with an anterior resection of the rectum could be analysed retrospectively. The mean observation period was 36 months for anterior resection and 38 months for abdomino-perineal extirpation. The rate of recurrences, mortality, and postoperative complications of each surgical method was correlated to tumor-localization, -staging, and -grading. The poor prognosis of patients with abdomino-perineal extirpation was mainly due to relatively more cases in advanced tumor stage. In rectal cancer above 7 cm anterior resection should be performed. PMID- 7230990 TI - [Clinics and psychopathology of tinnitus: a psychiatric view (author's transl)]. AB - Unstructured and structured, elementary tinnitus or achoasms are regarded as symptoms of various origins and individual processing of experience even in psychiatric diseases. In the context of a multidimensional causal structure for disturbances of acoustic perception, the lesion and compensatory capacity of the sensory system, primary personality structure, strategy for psychodynamic conflict resolution and above all the constitutionally determined or acquired biological structure of the central nervous system decide on what becomes subjective experience from the objective reduction of auditory function and what is observed as clinically as tinnitus. Besides psychopathological and neuropsychological aspects, the clinics of tinnitus is touched on an acoustic hallucinosis of the hard of hearing is illustrated by reference to a case history and its pathogenesis is discussed. PMID- 7230992 TI - [Ocular motility disturbances following frontal sinus operations (author's transl)]. AB - 160 patients were operated on due to injuries, inflammations or tumors of the frontal sinus. There occurred in 23.8% temporary and 8.1% permanent double vision. By synoptometric investigations the origin of these disturbances of the ocular motility was analysed and separated into several groups. Different reasons for the cause of the motility-disturbances are given, their prophylaxes and therapy are discussed. The consequence of these investigations is that the method of operation should be modified to an osteoplastic way. PMID- 7230991 TI - [Closure of recurrent perforations of the tympanic membrane by means of cialit conserved fascia and human fibrin tissue adhesive (author's transl)]. AB - In 20 patients with recurrent perforations of the tympanic membrane after tympanoplasties the membrane defect was closed by using cialit-conserved temporal fascia and human fibrin tissue adhesive. The defects differed in size from 2 mm up to a subtotal defect. In 19 cases there was increasing vascularisation from the perforation margins towards the transplant centre after 4 weeks. After 8 weeks the connection between the transplant and the surrounding tissue was so tight that tympanometry could be performed using pressures up to 300 mmWS without any damage. Only in 1 case there was an infection. We had to remove the transplant. In comparison with the method of using only human fibrin tissue adhesive to close recurrent perforations, this method has the advantage that even bigger perforations of the tympanic membrane can be closed. The number of recurrencies of perforation also is lessened. PMID- 7230993 TI - [Influence of disturbing noise on sentence intelligibility (author's transl)]. AB - In the resent paper we tried to get some information on maximal noise level, which permits still some speech perception. As a limit we consider noise levels, where speech perception threshold equals speech level. As long as the difference between speech level and speech perception level is positive, speech perception is more than 50%. The effect of noise level (noise: speech simulating noise) on speech perception (speech material: Marburger Satztest) was investigated in an experimental group of 20 normal hearing persons, 5 patients with highfrequency hearing loss at 1 kHz. The noise levels were: 30, 45, 60 and 75 dBA. In normal hearing people the difference between speech level and speech perception level was positive up to noise levels of 75 dBA; in patients with high-frequency hearing loss at 2 kHz the limit was between 60 and 70 dB, in patients with high frequency hearing loss at 1 kHz the limit was between 50-60 dB. PMID- 7230994 TI - [Ectodermal dysplasia (author's transl)]. AB - The syndrome ectodermal dysplasia is approached especially from the ENT specialist's point of view. One case of this rare syndrome is reported and discussed. PMID- 7230995 TI - [AN attempt to clear up the fact why the foreign bodies are impacted between the first and second narrowing of the oesophagus (author's transl)]. AB - We tried, based on anatomical and physiological properties of the oesophagus in the region of triangle of Laimer, to clear up why the smaller, in general flat objects are impacted most often just under the "oesophagus mouth" and why they are very easily overlooked in this region. PMID- 7230996 TI - [Speech audiometry in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disorders]. AB - Audiometrical methods can be used objectively for the diagnosis of functional cerebrovascular disorders. Especially the speechaudiometrical examination extends the possibilities of previous noninvasive and invasive procedures (ultrasonic Doppler-examination, angiography, nuclear-medical investigations, computertomography). With that follows new tasks for the otorhinolaryngological physician as he is able to impart his main statements to other physicians (particularly to internists inclusive angiologists and neurologists). Between 1976 and 959 adults with functional cerebrovascular impairments audiometrically examined. To about 10 percent of the pure-tone audiometrical curves to explicable alteration was to be found. Deviation in the speechaudiogram without relation to the pure-tone audiometrical curve was proved in 50 to 60 percent. The important statements represent the pathological loss of the discrimination in the speechaudiogram. The results are discussed according to the following classified diseases: a) general cerebral vascular functional disorders, b) obliterations of extra and intra cranial vessels (e.g. stenosis of the carotid artery), c) cerebral dysfunctions (e.g. alcohol and phenacetin abuse, cranial brain injury, dementia). Each exclusion of an acoustic impairments which can be casually not be distinguished should involve the examination of the extra and intra cranial vessels because very often the loss of discrimination of the speech-audiogram (and sometimes also no confirmed puretone audiometrical result) is valued as leading symptom for obliteration. The connexion from ultrasonic-Doppler examination and speechaudiometry may be used as screening method in order to conform the suspicion for an carotid stenosis in cases of unclear etiology. PMID- 7230997 TI - [Speech audiometry in advanced age - differentiating between the elements of primary and secondary presbyacusis (author's transl)]. AB - Tone threshold, speech intelligibility by the Freiburg test with loss of hearing for speech, discrimination loss and total word intelligibility, dichotic discrimination and binaural summation ability were all measured in 167 test subjects aged between 65 and 91 years. The statistical processing of the numerous parameters shows that all parameters manifest a worsening of hearing with age, the individual values revealing a considerable scatter. Tone loss proved to be largely cochlear in nature. All the speech audiometric parameters correlated highly significantly (binaural summation significantly) with age, in the sense that increasing was accompanied by a worsening of the hearing ability. The complex correlations among all the hearing parameters lead us to believe that ageing affects the organ of hearing as a whole, and not merely specific parts of the auditory pathway. A possibility for differentiating between the elements of primary and secondary presbyacusis, and for measurement of the biological age of the sense organ, ear, is discussed. PMID- 7230998 TI - [Medium-latency acoustically evoked brain potentials used for examination of the auditory pathway (author's transl)]. AB - Potentials of the 10-15 ms latency range evoked by acoustic clicks and Gauss shaped tone bursts habe been investigated in normal hearing adults, 20 patients with cochlear damages, and 6 cases of temporal lobe processes. Methods and results are compared to those of brain stem audiometry. Mean and standard latency ranges are calculated for the different peaks (Fig. 1). Amplitudes should be used only for side difference evaluation in the same patient, because of their big interindividual variation. In cases of profound high frequency hearing loss (Fig. 2) medium-latency potentials yield true threshold values in the low frequency range, where brainstem potentials are failing. The medium latency potentials show a substantial decrease of amplitude for stimuli contralateral to the damaged side (Fig. 3). So this method can be a functional hearing test to detect or at least suspect temporal damages. PMID- 7230999 TI - [The registration of brain stem evoked responses and middle latency with air and bone conduction stimuli in the evaluation of hearing disorders (author's transl)]. AB - The theory and practice to record the brain stem response and middle latency have been described. Normative data and sources of error have been presented. The early evoked potentials are a powerful tool, to determine the degree of hearing loss in infants and to detect possible brain stem lesions. This exact diagnosis is an assumption for a successful rehabilitation. PMID- 7231000 TI - [An attempt at explaining ophthalmoplegia and amaurosis following videctomy (author's transl)]. AB - The unexplained rare cases of amaurosis and ophthalmoplegia after videctomy can be explained by the rare anomalous origin og the a. ophthalmica from the a. meningea media instead of a. carotis interna. PMID- 7231001 TI - [Tympanoplasty and Tinnitus (author's transl)]. AB - One third out of 181 patients who had been operated for chronic otitis, had tinnitus. In one third of these patients with tinnitus the ear noise disappeared after the tympanoplasty, in one third it remained unchanges and in one third the tinnitus appeared after the tympanoplasty. PMID- 7231003 TI - [The damage "before" and the damage "afterwards" in industrial-noise deafness (author's transl)]. AB - The industrial noise-deafness is often combined with other hearing-impairments. For the "MdE" (reduction of work capacity)--assessment, the expert has not only to think about the pure medical differential diagnosis, but also about juridical relationships and the damage "before" and "afterwards". In this study definitions of the damage "before" and "afterwards" and principles for consideration of MdE measurements are given. The opinion is represented, that the damage "before" is not only the disease, which existed before noise-exposition. But, the important date for judgement is the occurrence of the event insured. Questions about the over-all judgement for limitable and unlimitable forms of hearing-impairment are explained by examples from the experts experience. PMID- 7231002 TI - [Orbital involvement in frontobasal injuries]. AB - In the mechanism of fracturing in the region of the frontobasis and of the midface there is the possibility of an orbital involvement. If the traumatic forces affect directly the frontal zone we may find a latero-orbitalfrontobasilar fracture--the socalled type IV according to the classification of frontobasilar fractures by Escher. If the middle face is more affected, the type III will result with tearing off the midface bones from the skull at the frontobasis. In a few cases there are indirect blow-out fractures of the orbital roof in communication with frontobasilar fractures especially in the ethmoidal or frontal sinus region. Penetration of foreign bodies through the orbital roof and through the lamina cribriformis cause an open frontobasal cerebral trauma. The problem of the penetrating fronto-orbital traumata is to find the foreign body and to remove it. The danger is the infection with possible development of meningitis or brain abscess. The quota of lesions of the optic nerve in frontobasilar fractures seems to be relatively high. The pathogenesis of optic nerve injury is rather unknown. Mechanisms to be considered are discussed as well as indications and contraindications for a rhinosurgical decompression operation in the optic canal. PMID- 7231004 TI - [Increased objektivation in electric response audiometry (author's transl)]. AB - Slow cortical responses to acoustical stimuli are gained by averaging spontaneous electric activity. The influence of different noises makes it difficult to recognize response patterns clearly and without doubt in every case. A method was worked out for faster and more objective recognition of small response patterns with the aid of the statistical sign test. PMID- 7231006 TI - [Regulative resistances during mouth breathing--a source of error determining nasal resistance by pulmonary function tests (author's transl)]. AB - Methods to determine airway resistance - pulmonary function tests - have been recommended for the measurement of nasal resistance. Using the "oscillation method", you can demonstrate in some patients a source of error: Some mouth breathers can have an additional regulative resistance. By means of direct write out tracings it is demonstrated that the simple subtraction of the resistances (during mouth and nose breathing respectively) is not a reliable method to determine nasal resistance. But the source of error can be recognized using a more luxurious measuring technique. PMID- 7231005 TI - [Relapsing polychondritis. A case report with special reference to otolaryngological manifestations]. AB - Relapsing polychondritis is a rare disease of unknown etiology. The symptomatology is characterised by inflammatory and degenerative changes of multiple cartilaginous structures. --In this peculiar case the nose, the larynx and the cartilages of the ribs and of one hand were involved. Distinct inflammatory changes of the left vocal cord were seen. The diagnosis of the disease was assured by the presented electron microscopic studies. Treatment with high doses of corticosteroids did not prove effective. The disease process could only be controlled by in immunosuppressive combination therapy with prednisone, and cyclophosphamide. --Characteristic clinical features, diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapeutical problems are discussed. PMID- 7231007 TI - [Treatment in cases of retractions of the tympanic membrane, adhesive processes and middle ear effusions with the inert gas sulfur hexa fluoride (SF6) (author's transl)]. AB - The inert gas SF6(Sulfur Hexa Fluoride) is resorbed very slowly by the middle ear mucosa. After insufflation of SF6 into the middle ear in cases of retraction of the tympanic membrane, respectively atelectasis, and in beginning adhesive processes after tympanoplasties, pathologic negative pressure, and the retraction of the tympanic membrane can be equalized for at least 6 weeks. A precondition for this treatment is an intact tympanic membrane besides the tube dysfunction. So a temporary tube dysfunction with all its negative effects to the middle ear can be bridged. In some cases this method is successful over a long period. In the other cases the gas insufflation with SF6 can be repeated. Also in the treatment of serous middle ear effusions in adults and in cases of tinnitus caused by middle ear diseases SF6 can be helpful. PMID- 7231008 TI - [The treatment of chronic adhesive otitis by tympanoplasty and active self insufflation according to valsalva (author's transl)]. AB - More than one year after tympanoplasty 85 to 95% of the followed up middle ears are aerated. The percentage depends on the degree of the preoperative adhesive process. We see the reason of this surprising success on the one hand in some special steps during operation (consequent silastic sheeting, preservation of the posterior bony canal with a deep middle ear cleft, visualisation of the tympanic orifice of the tube, widening of the natural connection between tympanon and mastoid without opening the chorda-facial-angle, some times mastoidectomy), on the other hand in a consequent postoperative follow up together with the surgeon until the ear is surely aerated controlled by self-insufflation (Valsalva). Therefore a preoperative tubal dysfunction is no contraindication for tympanoplasty: all ears should be operated. Because of the good results in hearing after just one operation, we try to rebuild the ossicular chain during the first intervention to avoid as often as possible a staged surgery. PMID- 7231009 TI - [Origin and effect on tinnitus (author's transl)]. AB - At first the essential conceptions concerning tinnitus in connection with sensorineural hearing losses are reported. Correlation of tinnitus with the pure tone threshold and spontaneous activities are proved by electrophysiologic and psychoacoustic tests. The sensation arising by the tinnitus concerning tonal quality and loudness is compared with external signals (Part I). Typical masking patterns by external signals in sensorineural hearing loss are explained. Phenomens concerning fatigue and adaption are shown up. Masking and temporal shift of tinnitus when masked where investigated for experimental generated tinnitus (part II). Using typical pathological threshold types a classification in correlation with tinnitus was conducted. Typical examples are presented (Part III). Finally the results of our investigations are discussed, especially the aspect of hearing loss, spontaneous activities and their pathological substrat. A hypothetic model as well as latest conceptions are presented. The possibilities for treatment and the cause of therapy resistance of tinnitus in cases of sensorineural hearing losses are discussed (Part IV). PMID- 7231010 TI - [Rhinobasale mucormycosis (author's transl)]. AB - A case of mucormycosis in a 82-year old woman is reported. In spite of an early diagnosis, a surgical intervention and the antimycotic treatment with Miconazol Sodium (Daktar [R]) and Amphothericin B "Squibb" (R) could only prolonge the bad prognosis of this infection. The pathogenesis, the typical, in most cases letal fungal infection and its therapy is discussed. PMID- 7231011 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis: an example for the collaboration between the specialist for otorhinolaryngology and internal medicine (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with Wegener's Granulomatosis is described as an example for the collaboration between the specialist for otorhinolaryngology and internal medicine. In all cases reported a muco sanguinous rhinitis was the first manifestation of the disease. All patients presented lung involvement while the kidneys were involved in 75%. As histologic examination does not always give a pathognomonic feature, diagnosis has to be made relying on clinical data and natural course of the disease. Cyclophosphamide in combination with corticosteroids is the treatment of choice. This treatment has considerably improved the previously unfavorable prognosis of this disease. A long term follow-up of patients with Wegener's Granulomatosis by specialists for otorhinolaryngology and internal medicine seems to be absolutely necessary. PMID- 7231012 TI - [Non-linear effects of spontaneous nystagmus on thermic tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231013 TI - [Maintenance of a steady level of vigilance during the electronystagmographic investigation (author's transl)]. AB - During electronystagmography (ENG) a magnetic tape is used and with it simple arithmetical problems including the solutions are presented in time intervals of 15 seconds, the solutions being correct or incorrect in a random succession. The test person holds a simple electric bell in this hand having been instructed to press the bell-button once or twice, depending whether the announced solution is correct or not. During the recording of the ENG these signals are made visible as rectangular impulses on a separate trace, thus allowing control over the degree of cooperation of the test person. To prove the value of the described procedure 20 normal persons were investigated after sleep deprivation of one night with and without presentation of arithmetical problems, both investigations changing alternately. The evaluation of the parameters of ENG clearly demonstrates a significant difference in both experimental procedure, particularly in respect of frequency and angular velocity at the slow nystagmus phase. The described method has not only proved valuable for increasing vigilance but also not for maintaining a steady level of vigilance during the electronystagmographic investigation. PMID- 7231014 TI - [Latencies of reaction indicating disturbed behaviour during evaluation of pure tone threshold (author's transl)]. AB - In a psychoacoustic experiment intervals between tonal stimuli and responses at different sound levels allow to differentiate real threshold functions from limited responding. The audiometric and time measuring procedure has to be applied in a designated manner. A range of about 20 dB and steps of sometimes as small as 1 dB must be employed. Disturbed behaviour during audiometry (resulting into pseudohypacusis) is then indicated by prolonged latencies, unsteady correlation ot time intervals and stimulus level, or fluctuating threshold of reaction. Limits of reaction intervals have been established. PMID- 7231015 TI - [Brain stem evoked response audiometry via air- and bone-conducted stimulation (author's transl)]. AB - Brain stem potentials can be released by bone-conducted stimulation. The spectral composition of the skull vibration being generated by ton-bursts (1, 2, 4 and 8 kc) were recorded from several positions of the head. Combined acoustic stimulation via air- and bone-conduction (BERA) enables, on principle, a differentiated statement of sound conduction and inner ear components of hypacusis in infancy, analogous to conventional audiometry. PMID- 7231016 TI - [Some problems concerning electric tests in cases with Bell's palsy (author's transl)]. AB - Some draw backs of Neuronography are discussed: 1) Estimating and correlating response levels is very unreliable. 2) It takes four days for some prognosis. A very fine indicator is the area under the response diagramm, that is the area between curve and Zeroline. To calculate this area we have developed a microprocessor based instrument at the ENT-Clinic Wurzburg. PMID- 7231017 TI - [Methodical aspects of intra-arterial chemotherapy of malignant head and neck tumors (author's transl)]. AB - A new method of intra-arterial (i.a.) chemotherapy of malignant head and neck tumors based on a vascular-surgical procedure is described. In combination with radical neck dissection the external carotid artery is prolonged end-to-end by an autogeneic saphenal vein graft and anastomosed with the common carotid artery end to-side more proximally. After wound healing the transplant is well palpable and can easily be cannulated percutaneously, thus facilitating continuous or repeated i. a. chemotherapy of the malignant tumor. During therapy intervals the cannula should be removed. In this way, it is possible to perform i. a. cytostatic therapy over several weeks or months. All the branches of the external carotid artery not directly contributing to the blood supply of the tumor region have to be ligated during the neck dissection, in order to maintain the necessary high concentration of the drugs at the tumor site. First clinical results obtained with this method demonstrate the safety of the procedure and suggest new aspects of chemotherapy in head and neck cancer. PMID- 7231019 TI - Complications of combined radiation therapy and surgery for carcinoma of the larynx and inferior hypopharynx. AB - A group of 554 patients was studied to determine and compare the complications of combined preoperative radiation therapy with surgery and combined surgery with postoperative radiation therapy when used for treatment of carcinoma of the larynx and inferior hypopharynx. The complications recorded were infection, slough, carotid blowout, glottic insufficiency, pharyngeal stricture, operative death, chondritis, fistula, and margins of resection involved with tumor. The highest complication rates were in the partial laryngopharyngectomy-postoperative radiation group (63.6%) and in the supraglottic laryngectomy-postoperative radiation group (52.9%). Most of the increase in total complication rate was attributable to higher rates of glottic insufficiency and margins involved with tumor categories. The lowest complication rates were in the hemilaryngectomy with no radiation group (4.5%) and the total laryngectomy-postoperative radiation group (12.8%). The complication rate for the supraglottic laryngectomy postoperative radiation group (52.9%) was significantly higher than for the preoperative radiation-supraglottic laryngectomy group (26.4%). Within the partial laryngopharyngectomy group, there was no significant difference in total complication rate between the use of preoperative (47.2%) or postoperative radiation (63.6%). Within the total laryngectomy group there was no significant difference between complication rates when either preoperative or postoperative radiation was employed. There was no significant difference in the rate of carotid blowout, chondritis, operative death, slough, or fistula, between preoperative or postoperative radiation in any of the surgical groups. In general, patients with conservation surgery seem to tolerate postoperative radiation without a prohibitive increase in complications. PMID- 7231018 TI - [Radiation therapy of tumors of the hypopharynx (author's transl)]. AB - A follow-up study of 69 patients with malignant tumors of the hypopharynx is reported. They were treated either with Cobalt-60-gamma-rays or with 19 MeV Betatron X-rays mainly up to a dose of 60 Gy over a 6 week period. 53 of the 67 patients with carcinomas had very large tumors (T3 and/or N3). The 3-year survival rate in group N0 was 15%, and in group N1--3 7%. These rates could not be improved on by radical operations prior to radiotherapy. 51 of the 67 patients with carcinomas died due to local or regional disease. 7 patients developed distant metastases. These results could not be improved on by increasing the dose to 70,0 Gy. PMID- 7231020 TI - Aerodigestive dysfunction secondary to thyroid tumors. AB - Although most thyroid tumors first manifest clinically by a neck mass, several patients with thyroid tumor have been treated whose initial complaint was a disturbance of the respiratory and digestive tracts. Because this association is not well recognized, the diagnosis of a thyroid tumor can be delayed, or even missed until the tumor grows much larger causing other symptoms. A series of 269 patients with thyroid tumors seen at UCLA from 1979-1980 was reviewed. Approximately 16% of these patients sought treatment because of aerodigestive dysfunction such as dyspnea, dysphagia, hoarseness, throat discomfort and hemoptysis. Such symptoms often indicate malignancy of substernal extension of tumor. The management of these tumors is discussed. PMID- 7231021 TI - Ossifying fibroma of the head and neck: involvement of the temporal bone- and unusual and challenging site. AB - Ossifying fibroma of the head and neck is most commonly described in the mandible and maxilla. A few isolated reports in the literature exhibit the rare existence of this lesion in the nasal bones, orbit, ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus, occiput, and in only two well-documented cases, the temporal bone. We present the case of an extensive ossifying fibroma of the temporal bone that presented as a suspected case of hyperostosis of the external auditory canal and conductive hearing loss, without any cosmetic deformity. A review of the recent literature concerning the sites, radiologic presentation, difficulty of pathologic differentiation, and modality of therapy is discussed. PMID- 7231022 TI - The biomechanics of advancement and rotation flaps. AB - An animal model (using piglets) has been developed to study the mechanical properties of simple advancement and rotation flaps. The effects of different length-width ratios and defect sizes on the tension required to close a rectangular advancement flap are described. Characteristic curves of force vs. advancement distance are presented and mechanisms discussed. The flaps should have a length-width ratio of a least 1:1; the mechanical advantage of lengthening the flap further is directly related to the measured closing tension. The distribution of tension in a standard 180 degrees rotation flap is analyzed. Maximum tension is found between 90 degrees and 135 degrees (opposite the site of defect closure); this is at variance with the vector commonly pictured. The force required to close a defect with rotation flaps of varying length (45 degree to 180 degrees) is measured. There is little mechanical benefit in extending the flap past 90 degrees. PMID- 7231023 TI - Computed tomography in maxillofacial trauma. AB - Computed tomography (CT) has become the key diagnostic modality in the evaluation of head trauma. Experience with CT in the operative assessment of maxillofacial injuries is limited, however. Plain films and multidirectional tomography have been used until now to define fractures in the facial region. We examined 27 patients sustaining maxillofacial trauma with CT scans. Ten patients were studied in the coronal plane, 12 in the axial plane, and the remaining 5 in both the axial and coronal planes. Polycycloidal tomography in the coronal and/or sagittal plane was obtained in 18 patients for comparison with the CT scan. Fracture lines, bony fragments, and associated skeletal deformities were clearly identified by CT scan in all 27 patients permitting the diagnosis of zygomatic, orbital floor, nasoethmoidal complex, LeFort, temporal bone, frontal sinus, and mandible fractures. More importantly, concomitant intracranial injuries including epidural and intracerebral hematomas, traumatic encephalocoele, and pneumocephalus were readily seen. In addition, facial and orbital soft tissue structures including the globe, optic nerve, orbital fat, and extraocular muscles were easily examined by adjusting the CT level and window settings. Overall, CT yielded additional information not available from polytomography in 15 of 18 cases when both modalities were used. Multidirectional tomography is currently superior to CT scanning if fine, intrinsic bone detail is required. However, we have found that complex fractures with fragmentation are more easily identified on CT scans than conventional tomography because of superior contrast resolution of computed tomography. With improved spatial resolution, CT scanning may totally supplant multidirectional tomography in the evaluation of maxillofacial trauma. PMID- 7231024 TI - Avulsion of the upper lateral cartilage: etiology, diagnosis, surgical anatomy and management. AB - Relatively little has been published about upper lateral cartilage abnormalities, trauma, and management in rhinoplastic literature. In this paper we would like to present a relatively common problem seen either by trauma or as a result of rhinoplasty. The upper lateral cartilages are a pair of triangular cartilages, one on each side of the dorsum, which comprise the upper cartilaginous vault with the septum and can be avulsed due to direct trauma. This results in loss of their attachments and resultant healing in a new angulated position. The middle third of the nose, being relatively mobile is less susceptible to trauma than the upper third which is rigid and comprised of bone, and that frequently is the reason for less incidence of avulsion of the upper lateral cartilages compared to fractured nasal bones. The surgical treatment of the structures adjacent to the upper lateral cartilage during the process of rhinoplasty severs many attachments of these cartilages and frequently causes them to be free floating. This may not be recognized and not treated. Lack of appropriate realignment in the normal anatomical position may heal the cartilage in a distorted angulated position. Irrespective of etiology, when distortions of the upper lateral cartilage occur, they may cause significant concavity and "hollowed out" appearance on the side of the avulsion which functionally may impede the nasal airway by encroachment and/or "flutter valve" effect. During inspiration this unsupported upper lateral cartilage may interfere with anatomy, physiology and efficiency of the internal nasal valve function. Avulsion of the upper lateral cartilage is a definite entity and should be recognized and treated appropriately to realign the lateral cartilage in its normal anatomical position for a functional as well as a good cosmetic result. PMID- 7231025 TI - Surgery on the only hearing ear. AB - Modern otosurgical tools and techniques have greatly improved the outlook for hearing improvement in otologic surgery, while decreasing the risk of severe and irreversible hearing loss complicating the surgical procedure. Nevertheless, even a minimal risk operation must be weighed differently in an only hearing ear situation. This paper reviews the author's experience and philosophy regarding only hearing ear surgery for chronic otitis media, endolymphatic hydrops, perilymph fistulas and acoustic neuromas. PMID- 7231026 TI - Endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt for Meniere's disease in the only hearing ear. AB - This report describes a series of 18 patients, deaf in one ear, upon whom an endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt procedure was performed on the remaining hearing ear affected by Meniere's disease. As with other patients with Meniere's disease, those whose problem involves their only hearing ear can have differing priorities and etiologies requiring variations in diagnosis and management. The preservation of hearing is of major consideration as is the need for thorough study and careful diagnosis in the determination of when to operate. Special surgical techniques that help minimize the risks from surgery are employed resulting in no patient's hearing being made worse by the surgery. Study results lead to the conclusion that the use of the endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt procedure early in the course of Meniere's disease in an only hearing ear can significantly reduce the risk of permanent hearing loss and disability. PMID- 7231027 TI - The acoustic reflex test in cochlear and eighth nerve pathology ears. AB - The clinical interpretation of acoustic reflex test results in ears with sensorineural impairment should be based on a consideration of three characteristics of the response: the reflex threshold hearing level, the reflex threshold sensation level, and the decay of the reflex. Examination of results in 152 ears with cochlear pathology and in 152 ears with acoustic tumor indicated that in some cases the combination of characteristics may be contradictory as to site of lesion. Regarding a contradictory response pattern as questionable -- neither confirming nor denying a specific site of lesion -- improves the predictive accuracy of the test through a reduction in the number of false identifications. PMID- 7231028 TI - Tuberculoma of the nasopharynx. AB - When a patient of oriental extraction was seen with a mass in the nasopharynx, squamous cell carcinoma appeared to be the obvious diagnosis. Histologic examination, however, proved the mass to be a tuberculoma. This condition, which was not rare in the past, is almost always secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. It responds to antituberculous medications. PMID- 7231029 TI - Bilateral primary malignant neoplasms of the maxillary sinus: report of a case and statistical analysis of the reports in Japan. AB - Although double primary malignant neoplasms of bilateral maxillary sinuses wee regraded as extremely rare, there have been 50 patients described in Japan since 1937. Among them only eight cases showed the histologic distinction between both sides. A 64-year-old man with double primary carcinomas had a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the left maxillary sinus and a papillary adenocarcinoma of the right one with an interval of three years. He was treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and regional chemotherapy. The histologic combination of these tumors could not be found so far. The advantage of this combination treatment for the carcinoma of the maxillary sinus is stressed. PMID- 7231030 TI - The bone-anchored auricular episthesis. AB - Total ablation of the pinna gives an unsatisfactory cosmetic result which has to be corrected. Plastic surgery procedures are generally not very successful and some sort of episthesis is preferred by many. The attachment of an episthesis is, however, often a problem. This paper is a case report of a new type of episthesis fixation arrangement. In a first session four titanium screws were implanted into the temporal bone above and behind the external meatus with a technique ensuring minimal tissue violation. Three months later when these screws were firmly integrated in the living bone, skin-penetrating titanium abutments were connected and a gold bridge was adapted to the abutments. A silicon rubber episthesis was attached to the bridge with a snap fastener. Behind this new method of episthesis attachment are several years of clinical experience of titanium implants directly anchored into various living bones and allowed to permanently penetrate skin or mucous membrane. PMID- 7231032 TI - The pinch scissors technique for motor nerve dissection. PMID- 7231031 TI - Studies of anaerobic bacteria in chronic otitis media. AB - In the 760 cases of chronic otitis media studied from 1970 to 1976, the detection ratio of anaerobic bacteria and the relation between the nature of anaerobic bacteria and the conditions of focus were investigated. In 8.2% of 760 cases 9 kinds and 81 strains of anaerobic bacteria was detected. Most of the anaerobic bacteria were Peptococcus sp. or Bacteroides sp. and in general non-sporogenic anaerobic bacteria accounted for 97.5%. Anaerobes were frequently detected in cases where the middle ear cavity was filled with cholesteatoma or granulation and in cases of infection recurring after operation. PMID- 7231033 TI - A rotation flap for low posterior auricular defects. PMID- 7231035 TI - CT scans of laryngeal cancer. PMID- 7231034 TI - The two layer, four flap rhytidectomy technique. PMID- 7231036 TI - [Aimed liver puncture according to a new principle]. PMID- 7231037 TI - [Diagnosis of functional abdominal complaints (author's transl)]. AB - Abdominal complaints require careful diagnostic investigations even if they are thought to be functional. In about 40% of patients seen in a gastroenterologist's office in a big city no organic causes of gastrointestinal complaints can be found. In about 36% false nutrition (for instance overeating, furfurism), gastrointestinal infectious disease, abuse of laxatives or food allergies are underlying factors. Microscopic examination of the stool should be done right from the beginning in mediterranean people in order to rule our parasitic disease. Early gastroscopy may be rational however sometimes not feasible; cholecystography may explain in some cases symptoms thought to be gastrointestinal. PMID- 7231038 TI - [Therapy of functional abdominal ailments (author's transl)]. AB - About 50% of patients seen by the gastroenterologist do not have any objective pathological signs and symptoms. These conditions thus can be diagnosed only on the basis of the patient's history. Thus the case history becomes very important for therapy as well. Questions about eating habits, intolerance for certain foods, defecation habits, meteorism and flatulence have to be asked. Concurrence of other ailments, psychovegetative symptoms, and psychological stress factors have to be evaluated as well as the effects of the medication taken before. It is very important to inform the patient about the mechanism of his troubles, which are usually harmless but frighten the patients concerned nevertheless. Therapy includes elimination of adverse factors; beyond that it is only symptomatic. Some hints are given concerning symptomatic treatment of the most frequent functional gastrointestinal ailments, which are not always psychogenic in origin, but which may be influenced by psychological means as well as by symptomatic therapy. PMID- 7231039 TI - Piracetam diminishes hippocampal acetylcholine levels in rats. PMID- 7231040 TI - Naloxone prolongs the survival time of mice treated with neuroblastoma. PMID- 7231042 TI - Hyperthermic modification of cyclophosphamide metabolism in rat hepatic microsomes and liver slices. PMID- 7231041 TI - Low concentrations of fatty acids can inhibit calcium efflux from sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. PMID- 7231043 TI - An enhanced sensitivity of muscarinic cholinergic receptor associated with dopaminergic receptor subsensitivity after chronic antidepressant treatment. PMID- 7231044 TI - Effects of tissue storage and freezing on brain glutamate uptake. PMID- 7231045 TI - Binding of the carcinogens 5-fluoro-7-hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz(a)anthracene and its acetate ester to DNA in vitro. PMID- 7231046 TI - Epinephrine-independent production of hyperuricemia by means of hypothalamic stimulation in the conscious rat. PMID- 7231047 TI - Behavioral effects of phencyclidine (PCP) in the dog: a possible animal model of PCP toxicity in humans. PMID- 7231048 TI - Food restriction reduces the blood pressure of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 7231049 TI - Low temperature painful stimulus alters brain wave pattern of transcutaneous electrical stimulus. PMID- 7231050 TI - Direct measurement of the effect of potassium, calcium, veratridine, and amphetamine on the rate of release of dopamine from superfused brain tissue. PMID- 7231051 TI - Narcotic antagonists attenuate drinking induced by water deprivation in a primate. PMID- 7231052 TI - Difference in the development of tolerance to morphine and D-ALA2-methionine enkephalin in C57 BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. PMID- 7231053 TI - Melatonin: failure of pharmacological doses to induce testicular atrophy in the male golden hamster. PMID- 7231054 TI - Enkephalin congeners and precursors are synthesized and released by primary cultures of adrenal chromaffin cells. PMID- 7231055 TI - Dose-dependent and reversible effects of lead on rat dopaminergic system. PMID- 7231056 TI - Nicotine ingestion reduces elevated blood pressures in rats and squirrel monkeys. PMID- 7231057 TI - Cat heart acetylcholine: unilateral vagotomy studies with pyrolysis-mass fragmentography. PMID- 7231058 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of changes in the urinary tract during radiotherapy of lymphogranulomatosis in children]. PMID- 7231059 TI - [Electron teletherapy and drug therapy of malignant tumors of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 7231060 TI - [Gamma teletherapy of esophageal cancer using moving and static split-course methods]. PMID- 7231061 TI - [Radiation injuries to the rectum after cervical cancer therapy using the Agat-B after loading apparatus and their treatment]. PMID- 7231062 TI - [Morphological analysis of radiation-induced destruction of malignant soft tissue tumors under gamma teletherapy]. PMID- 7231063 TI - [Effect of irradiation geometry on the absorbed dose]. PMID- 7231064 TI - [Interpretation of medical electrogammagrams]. PMID- 7231065 TI - [Use of bone-equivalent dosimetric mixture for measuring absorbed doses]. PMID- 7231066 TI - [Effect of the linear dimensions of the detector on the accuracy of dosage field registration]. PMID- 7231067 TI - [Ratio of the optimal therapeutic dose to the number of fractions and the volume of the irradiated tumor]. PMID- 7231068 TI - [Blood coagulation disorders after radiation therapy and their correction]. PMID- 7231069 TI - [Radioisotope renographic data in assessing the functional state of the kidney after gastrectomy for stomach cancer]. PMID- 7231070 TI - [Intracutaneous reaction to phytohemagglutinin in lymphogranulomatosis after a radical program of irradiation]. PMID- 7231071 TI - An epidemiological and sociological study of unexpected death in infancy in nine areas of southern England. IV. Evaluation of scoring. PMID- 7231072 TI - The role of the Foundation for the Study of Infant Deaths. PMID- 7231073 TI - An overview of sudden infant death in 1980. PMID- 7231074 TI - The role of the pathologist in the investigation of unexpected death in infancy (cot death). PMID- 7231076 TI - Dangerous people or dangerous situations? Some implications for assessment and management. PMID- 7231075 TI - The Inner North London Study into sudden death in infants--the role of the coroner. PMID- 7231077 TI - Denture evidence in a case of alleged culpable homicide. PMID- 7231079 TI - Child health in Britain. PMID- 7231078 TI - Exploring new strategies for facial recall. PMID- 7231080 TI - An epidemiological and sociological study of unexpected death in infancy in nine areas of southern England. I: Epidemiology. PMID- 7231081 TI - An epidemiological and sociological study of unexpected death in infancy in nine areas of southern England. II. Symptoms and patterns of care. PMID- 7231082 TI - An epidemiological and sociological study of unexpected death in infancy in nine areas of southern England. III. Bereavement. PMID- 7231083 TI - The normal and bicuspid aortic valves. PMID- 7231084 TI - Sometimes two wrongs may make a right! PMID- 7231085 TI - Two minutes with diabetes. PMID- 7231086 TI - Diagnostic approach to endocrine disorders. PMID- 7231087 TI - Hypothyroidism. PMID- 7231088 TI - Adrenal causes of hypertension. PMID- 7231089 TI - Two minutes with diabetes. PMID- 7231090 TI - Evaluating the comatose patient. PMID- 7231091 TI - Needle bone biopsy: how, when, why. PMID- 7231092 TI - Tax tip for doctors: 11-point primer for investors. PMID- 7231093 TI - Problems in the management of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 7231095 TI - Neurogenic bladder dysfunction. PMID- 7231097 TI - If the leader falters what is the locus of the focus? PMID- 7231096 TI - Visual screening examination in children. PMID- 7231098 TI - When thin is not beautiful: anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7231094 TI - Hormone markers for cancer. PMID- 7231099 TI - The mitral valve in aortic regurgitation. PMID- 7231100 TI - [75th anniversary of the Institute of Tropical Medicine of the Armed Forces Health Service (The Pharo at Marseilles)]. PMID- 7231101 TI - [Antimalarial chemotherapy one hundred years after Laveran (problems and prospects) (author's transl)]. AB - Problems of experimental chemotherapy of human malaria are complex because of specificity of plasmodia of birds, rodents and monkeys to several animal hosts. Moreover antimalarial compounds now available or developed in the course of laboratory assessment of their potential value have also specific chemotherapeutic action on various plasmodia and on a particular phase of their cycle of development. Research aiming at the discovery of new antimalarials may follow two paths. One is a screening on an animal model of a very large number of compounds hoping that one of them will show a promising antiplasmodial effect. The other method is based on fundamental study of biochemical pathways of various species of malaria parasites, to find compounds that will interfere with the multiplication or survival of human plasmodia. The use of laboratory animals and particularly monkeys has been a paramount factor during the past twenty years. The recent possibility of assessing the value of new compounds on an in vitro culture of plasmodia is of considerable promise, although it could not replace the use of experimental animals. The final testing of compounds that have successfully passed the toxicity test, on cases of human malaria raises many important ethical and other issues. PMID- 7231103 TI - [Transverse myelitis and acute intervertebral disk displacement]. PMID- 7231102 TI - [Possible influences of sodium nitroprusside and its metabolites on the carbohydrate and energy metabolism in intraocular surgery]. PMID- 7231104 TI - [Hemorheologic examinations of smokers. A review]. PMID- 7231105 TI - [Clinical proof of a new bag system in stoma care]. PMID- 7231107 TI - [Social medicine and and pension eligibility determination]. PMID- 7231106 TI - [Pharmacokinetic examinations of various fluoride preparations for osteoporosis treatment]. PMID- 7231108 TI - [Univariate and multivariate normal values in medicine]. PMID- 7231109 TI - [The value of colposcopic and cytological examination in early diagnosis in women. Results of a collaborative study]. PMID- 7231110 TI - [Peridural anesthesia during labor. Report on 2726 cases]. PMID- 7231111 TI - [The significance of glucose in perinatal asphyxia neonatorum]. PMID- 7231112 TI - [Case analyses of child murders. Sociological and social medicine aspects]. PMID- 7231113 TI - [Meckel's diverticulum. A retrospective study over 20 years]. PMID- 7231114 TI - [Local excision in rectal cancer. Progress or therapeutic atavism?]. PMID- 7231115 TI - [Esophageal rupture in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7231116 TI - [Peritoneo-venous shunt in the treatment of therapy-resistant ascites]. PMID- 7231117 TI - [Heterotopic pancreatic tissue. Surgical aspects]. PMID- 7231118 TI - [Indications and technic in myocutaneous insular flaps]. PMID- 7231119 TI - [Surgery of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Ten years' review including follow-up of personal patients]. PMID- 7231120 TI - [Basically better care. General principles in malpractice]. PMID- 7231121 TI - [Guidelines for the postoperative care of fractures]. PMID- 7231122 TI - [Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease from a surgical viewpoint]. PMID- 7231123 TI - [Recurrent ulcer and cancer in the operated stomach]. PMID- 7231124 TI - [Dermatoses resulting from contact with plants]. PMID- 7231125 TI - [Practically important diseases of the subcutaneous fatty tissue (including so called cellulite)]. PMID- 7231126 TI - [Surgical dermatology. Punch surgery, dermabrasion, dermashaving and dermatomy]. PMID- 7231127 TI - [Recent developments in syphilis serodiagnosis]. PMID- 7231128 TI - [New developments in andrology]. PMID- 7231129 TI - [The treatment of angina pectoris with nifedipine in a new administrative form]. PMID- 7231130 TI - [The granulosa cell tumor]. PMID- 7231131 TI - [The Y-anastomosis by the C. Roux technic]. PMID- 7231132 TI - [Somatic and psychosocial therapy concepts in multiple sclerosis. (II)]. PMID- 7231133 TI - [Ophthalmoneurology. IV. The pupillary reflex and its disorders. 3. Pharmacology of the pupil]. PMID- 7231134 TI - [Icterus. II. Measuring points, physiological areas, interfering factors, judgment]. PMID- 7231135 TI - [Postoperative hematomas and wound healing disorders with preventive low dose use of heparin and heparin/dihydroergotamine]. PMID- 7231136 TI - [Clinical effect of subcutaneous low-dose heparin]. PMID- 7231137 TI - [Treatment of extrapyramidal tremors in the aged]. PMID- 7231138 TI - [Local treatment of wound infections with nebacetin]. PMID- 7231139 TI - [Effect of a standardized ginseng extract on general well-being, reaction time, lung function and gonadal hormones]. PMID- 7231140 TI - [Informing the patient before referral by the general practitioner]. PMID- 7231141 TI - [Legal immunity for the physician and hospital]. PMID- 7231143 TI - [Informing the patient about possible wound infection]. PMID- 7231142 TI - [The physician must respect the patient's right for self-determination]. PMID- 7231144 TI - [Realm of responsibility of the surgeon and anesthetist]. PMID- 7231145 TI - [Professional licensure is necessary for the day care clinic]. PMID- 7231146 TI - [The position of thrombosis prevention in orthopedics]. PMID- 7231147 TI - [Typical elbow joint fractures in children and their treatment]. PMID- 7231148 TI - [Questions on the reoperation of the biliary tract]. PMID- 7231149 TI - [The role of local wound treatment in infections in vascular surgery]. PMID- 7231150 TI - [Proximal femoral fracture in old patients is still associated with a high risk]. PMID- 7231151 TI - [Anal incontinence as a surgical problem]. PMID- 7231152 TI - Coccidioidal meningitis. An analysis of thirty-one cases and review of the literature. AB - Clinical and laboratory features of 31 patients with coccidioidal meningitis seen from January 1964 through December 1976 with follow-up through 1979 are reported and data on 114 patients from the literature reviewed. History of exposure to C. immitis, a wide age range, and, in about one third, underlying conditions are noteworthy. Dissemination to the meninges usually occurs within the first few months although diagnosis is frequently delayed. Presenting symptoms and signs of coccidioidal meningitis are varied but signs of chronic meningitis or suggestion of hydrocephalus are prominent. Evidence of acute infection is unusual even with widespread disease. Diagnosis is usually made by demonstration of coccidioidal CF antibodies in the CSF although they are not found in all patients. Some show other direct evidence of C. immitis. Special diagnostic techniques such as CAT scanning for evidence of basilar meningitis or hydrocephalus are valuable. Amphotericin B remains the drug of choice despite the need for long-term therapy and the problems with intrathecal administration. Reservoirs are only occasionally useful but shunts are frequently lifesaving despite complications. Factors associated with a bad prognosis are hydrocephalus, non-Caucasian race, or presence of an underlying disease. PMID- 7231153 TI - Infections due to Lancefield group F and related Streptococci (S. milleri, S. anginosus). AB - We can no longer accept classification of streptococci solely on the basis of hemolytic reactions or Lancefield agglutinations. While the "viridans" streptococci cannot be serologically differentiated, physiological separation of the species offers a satisfactory method of classifying human isolates. We review the microbiology of Lancefield group F and related streptococci (S. milleri, S. anginosus), emphasizing microbial ecology and current taxonomic considerations. A series of 28 patients infected with these organisms is presented. There was a striking male predominance in the series (6:1) as well as an obvious association with underlying diseases and/or antecedent trauma. The most remarkable feature of these pathogens is their predilection for abscess formation, confirming their overdue recognition as the most common "viridans" streptococcus recovered from abscesses within internal organs. We observed purulent disease of the nervous and skeletal systems, oral cavity, lung and pleural space, abdomen and subcutaneous tissues. Microbial synergy (i.e. polymicrobic infection) was not a requisite for abscess formation. Four of the five deaths in this series occurred in patients 60 years of age of older. Some degree of variability in antimicrobial susceptibility was noted, so speciation alone may not always provide sufficient information on which to base a therapeutic decision. PMID- 7231155 TI - [Regulation of blastogenic response mediated by specific antigen-antibody. I- Effect of pre-formed immune complexes in the proliferative response of lymphocytes]. PMID- 7231154 TI - Immune complexes, complement, and anti-DNA in exacerbations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). AB - The usefulness of serological parameters in assessing clinical exacerbations of SLE was examined. Patients with active renal disease tend to have lower levels of CH50 and C3 and highest levels of immune complexes detected by C1qBA than those patients with extrarenal manifestations only. Patients with a combination of both active extrarenal and renal disease are more likely to demonstrate the lowest levels of CH50, C4, and C3. However, immune complex levels are not higher than levels detected in patients with only active nephritis. A normal C3 level argues against active nephritis. Low complement levels without appreciably elevated levels of C1qBA suggest that significant renal disease is unlikely. The serial measurements that best reflect evolving clinical activity and which may serve as markers of impending exacerbation are, in decreasing order of usefulness: C4, CH50, C1qBA, C4, C3 and ADA. However, a combination of CH50, C4, C3 and C1qBA appeared to be the most useful. Given various serologic changes, guidelines for following patients are offered. PMID- 7231156 TI - Isolation of an enriched plasma membrane-subpellicular microtubule fraction of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. PMID- 7231157 TI - The interaction of gram negative bacteria and S. mansoni in mice with experimental schistosomiasis. PMID- 7231158 TI - [Cellular changes in the pineal body of albino female rats. Effect of daily acoustic simulation]. PMID- 7231159 TI - [Enzymes in rat testis under experimental conditions]. PMID- 7231160 TI - [Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: correlation between immunologic and histopathologic aspect]. PMID- 7231161 TI - [Morphologic aspects of hypothalamic neurosecretion in man]. PMID- 7231162 TI - [Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic and wild animals, and human groups of the Amazonas region]. PMID- 7231163 TI - Comparisons of models of associative recall. PMID- 7231164 TI - Effects of shadowing on prose comprehension and problem solving. PMID- 7231165 TI - Speech-like coding of pictures in short-term memory. PMID- 7231166 TI - Processing level and recognition: a search method for inducing alternative encodings of unrelated words. PMID- 7231167 TI - The more, the better?: number of decisions as a determinant of memorability. PMID- 7231168 TI - Long-term memory for pictures and sentences. PMID- 7231169 TI - Stimulus-specific processing consequences of pattern goodness. PMID- 7231170 TI - Identification, localization, and "iconic memory": an evaluation of the bar-probe task. PMID- 7231171 TI - Effects of stimulus and contextual information on the lexical decision process. PMID- 7231172 TI - Criterion bias and search sequence bias in word recognition. PMID- 7231173 TI - Processing of written and spoken words: evidence for common coding. PMID- 7231174 TI - State and regional distribution of psychiatric beds in 1978. PMID- 7231175 TI - A sociological perspective on labeling in mental retardation. PMID- 7231176 TI - When in doubt, say yes: acquiescence in interviews with mentally retarded persons. PMID- 7231177 TI - Public residential facilities: status and trends. PMID- 7231179 TI - Utilization of written contracts to increase client self-determination. PMID- 7231178 TI - What is a Human Rights Committee? PMID- 7231180 TI - Factors contributing to normalization in residential facilities for mentally retarded persons. PMID- 7231181 TI - Increase in adaptive behavior level after residence in an intermediate care facility for mentally retarded persons. PMID- 7231182 TI - Effect of oral sucrose on blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - In the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) increased carbohydrate intake without alteration in sodium intake is associated with elevated blood pressure. One week of feeding sucrose-supplemented chow increased blood pressure an average of 14mm Hg (9%) in three separate groups of SHR, but did not affect blood pressure in normotensive rats of the same strain (Wistar-Kyoto-WKY). Fat supplementation (isocaloric to sucrose) was without effect on blood pressure in SHR. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that diet-induced increases in sympathetic activity may elevate blood pressure in susceptible animals. PMID- 7231183 TI - Exaggerated replication in culture of adipocyte precursors from massively obese persons. AB - The characteristics of omental adipocyte precursors from massively obese patients, whose average body weights were 231% (range 70--369) of reference values, were studied in propagating culture. When compared to cells from lean subjects, the adipocyte precursors from 34 massively obese patients replicated at a significantly higher rate (p less than 0.001). Excessive replication persisted throughout the first five subcultures. Thus, this characteristic is inherent in the cells, and may reflect the operation of genetic factors in this subgroup of the obese population. PMID- 7231184 TI - Liver lipase-like activity in human and hamster adrenocortical tissue. AB - Human adrenocortical tissue was found to contain a lipase activity that could be measured in vitro in the presence of 0.6 M NaCl at pH 8.5. The lipase was largely (80%) inhibitable by an antibody raised against heparin-releasable liver lipase. The activity of the lipase per gram tissue wet weighty was threefold higher in hyperplastic than in normal adrenocortical tissue (165 microunits vs 50 microunits). No or very low lipase activity was found in adrenocortical tumors. When, employing the same assay system, lipase activity was measured in the adrenal gland of golden hamsters a very low activity, compared with rat adrenal gland,--was found (13 mU)g w.w. vs 225 mU/g w.w.). Since liver lipase may be involved in the uptake of cholesterol from serum high density lipoproteins by the liver, the presence of a similar lipase in adrenal glands suggests that this tissue can also take up cholesterol by a lipase-mediated mechanism in human and rat. In human adrenocortical carcinomas and in the normal hamster gland such a mechanism seems to be absent. PMID- 7231185 TI - Lack of effect of parathyroid hormone on hepatic glucose metabolism in the dog. PMID- 7231186 TI - Hypertriglyceridemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia in azoospermic and oligospermic young men: relationships of endogenous testosterone to triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism. PMID- 7231187 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy XVI: longitudinal estimates of the effects of pregnancy on D-(63H) glucose and D-(6-14C) glucose turnovers during fasting in the rat. AB - We measured blood glucose concentrations and glucose turnover rates in 24 hr fasted, conscious, unrestrained pregnant rats and nongravid controls on days 18, 19, and 20 of gestation. Turnover measurements were secured with simultaneous equilibrium infusions of D-(6-3H) and D-(6-14C) glucose so that gluconeogenic recycling could also be determined. "Steady state" values for blood glucose in the mother after 24 hr of fasting did not significantly differ on each of the days, and these concentrations were significantly lower than the values in 24 hr fasted nongravid rats. At 18 days gestation, glucose turnover did not differ from nongravid values. By contrast, values for glucose turnover after 24 hr fasting increased significantly and progressively in the 19 and 20 day pregnant rats. The increase in turnover correlated with the increasing growth of the conceptus. The ratio between D-(6-14C) glucose and D-(6-3H) turnover remained constant (and the same as in the nongravid rats) during all 3 days of gestation suggesting that rates of glucose recycling remained unaltered. These longitudinal studies indicate that the factors contributing to the pattern of "accelerated starvation" during dietary deprivation in pregnancy may vary as pregnancy progresses. The exaggerated lowering of blood glucose which accompanies fasting occurs before total glucose turnover increases. This could provide a potential mechanism for conserving maternal glucose. Since transplacental transfer of glucose is concentration-dependent, the early establishment of a lower "steady state" for circulating glucose could diminish the magnitude of loss of this key nutrient to the fetus. PMID- 7231188 TI - Urinary excretion of desmosine in patients with severe burns. AB - Urinary excretion of total desmosine was measured by a radioimmunoassay in severely burned adult males, as well as in normal adult males. Total urinary desmosine was significantly elevated in all the samples in the burned patients, who had injuries involving more than 19% of total body surface area. The values of 24-hr urinary desmosine for the burned patients ranged from 250--1,411 nmoles, as compared with 82--142 nmoles for normal controls. These were equivalent to 14- 78 mg of elastin degraded for the burned patients and 5--8 mg for normal controls. Urinary desmosine values expressed as nmoles per g of creatinine were also higher than the corresponding normal values, ranging from 110--768 nmoles versus 63 +/- 6 nmoles for normal controls. Urinary excretion of total hydroxyproline in the burned patients was also higher than in normal controls, ranging from 56--471 mg per 24 hrs, or 36 to 413 mg per g of creatinine, vs. 31 +/- 6 mg per 24 hr, or 23 +/- 2 mg per g of creatinine, in burned patients and normal controls, respectively. These values of hydroxyproline were equivalent to 413--3,623 mg of collagen and 238 mg of collagen, respectively. In the burned patients, both urinary desmosine and hydroxyproline values were elevated from day 1 post-burn, and reached peak levels in days 2--12, declining thereafter but remaining higher than values for normal controls through day 60. The metabolism of elastin and collagen in skin of burned patients was probably highly accelerated for a long time, at least through day 60 post-burn. PMID- 7231189 TI - Changes in serum lipids, lipoproteins, and heparin releasable lipolytic enzymes during moderate physical training in man: a longitudinal study. AB - Serum lipids, postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) activity, and furthermore adipose tissue LPL activity were studied in 20 middle aged men undergoing a moderate training program of 15-wk. These same parameters were also measured in 7 nontraining control subjects. The training caused a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in physical fitness, and also considerable changes in serum lipid levels and lipolytic enzymes activities. In the trainers, serum HDL cholesterol increased by about 7% (P less than 0.01 and HDL/total cholesterol ratio by 11% (P less than 0.001). Decreases were observed in serum total (P less than 0.10 and LDL (P less than 0.05) cholesterol levels and in insulin values (P less than 0.05). No changes in these parameters occurred in the reference group. Postheparin plasma and adipose tissue LPL activity increased by 33% (P less than 0.001) and 56%, respectively, in the trainers. Postheparin plasma HL activity remained essentially the same in both groups, although a trend towards decreased values was seen in the trainers. On the other hand, postheparin plasma HL activity correlated negatively with serum HDL cholesterol levels both before and after the training period. The present results suggest that even with a moderate training program, beneficial effects on serum lipids in middle-aged men can be accomplished. There is also reason to believe that these changes are, at least in part, mediated by changes in the activities of lipolytic enzymes involved in lipoprotein metabolism, namely LPP and HL. PMID- 7231190 TI - Changes in bone and serum minerals after parathyroidectomy and their prevention by portacaval shunt. AB - The effect of portacaval shunt and parathyroidectomy on the concentration of calcium, magnesium, phosphate and hydroxyproline in the bone and the concentration of the three minerals in the serum has been studied in the growing rat. Parathyroidectomy produced a decreased net bone reabsorption as evidenced by higher concentrations of calcium, magnesium and phosphate; and a reduced net matrix formation, as evidenced by lower concentrations of hydroxyproline. Portacaval shunt, when performed with parathyroidectomy, prevented the development of these changes and produced "normal" concentrations of most of those elements, comparable to their concentrations in the control animals. The changes in serum calcium and magnesium produced by parathyroidectomy were prevented when portacaval shunt was performed in conjunction with the former procedure. Portacaval shunt alone produced no significant changes except for hypophosphatemia. This hypophosphatemia is speculated to have stimulated the production of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the kidney, which in turn produced those observed effects of portacaval shunt in the parathyroidectomized rat. PMID- 7231191 TI - Graded dose effects of angiotensin II on aldosterone production in man during various levels of potassium intake. AB - This study was performed to evaluate the hypothesis that adrenal aldosterone output is modulated by daily potassium intake in man. Eight normotensive subjects, aged 24-38 yr, were fed 3 separate 150 mEq sodium-containing diets. Potassium content ranged from 300 mEq daily during the first week, to 80 mEq daily and 10 mEq daily for the subsequent 2 wk. On days 4 and 5 of each diet each subject took oral dexamethasone 0.5 mg B.I.D. to prevent endogenous ACTH secretion. On day 6 an infusion of angiotension II (AII) was administered in doses of 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 ng/kg/min, each lasting 30 min. Blood pressure, pulse, and plasma aldosterone and potassium were measured throughout the infusions. All at infusion rates of 3 and 10 ng/kg/min, produced significant increases in plasma aldosterone values during liberal potassium intake but not when potassium intake was 10 mEq/day. We conclude that dietary potassium in man modulates All-mediated aldosterone secretion. PMID- 7231192 TI - Sex difference in the influence of obesity on the retention of a tracer of 3H estradiol. AB - The influence of obesity on the retention of a tracer of 3H-estradiol was studied in 15 nonobese premenopausal women, 15 obese premenopausal women (49%-274% above desirable weight), and 27 young men ranging in weight from 5% below to 330% above a desirable weight. The women showed a clear-cut inverse linear correlation between the 72 hr excretion of radioactivity and the percent deviation from desirable weight over the entire weight range examined (y equals 66 minus 0.10x, r equals -0.59, P less than 0.005); the average excretion in the 6 most obese women (145%-272% above desirable weight) was 45 plus or minus 11 (SD)%, significantly lower than the values of 65 plus or minus 12% in 15 nonobese women (P less than 0.025). The obese men showed no correlation whatever between excretion of radioactivity and relative body weight; the average excretion of the 6 most obese men was 55 plus or minus 7, not significantly different from the value of 56 plus or minus 12 in nonobese men. This sex difference makes untenable the hypothesis previously proposed by others that retention of estradiol tracers is obese women (men were not studied ) is due to simple solubility of estrogens in fat. Various alternative possibilities to explain the present data are discussed and it is concluded that a possibility worth examining is that the adipose tissue of women contains specific estrogen binding protein (? receptor) while the adipose tissue of men does not. PMID- 7231193 TI - Ascorbic acid metabolism in diabetes mellitus. AB - In contrast to normal subjects diabetic patients and very low plasma ascorbic acid and significantly high (p less than 0.001) dehydroascorbic acid irrespective of age, sex, duration of the disease, type of treatment, and glycemic control. However, there was no significant difference between the mean leukocyte ascorbate concentrations of the two populations. The in vitro rates of dehydroascorbate reduction in the hemolysate and the erythrocyte reduced glutathione levels and the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, which regulate the dehydroascorbate reduction, were similar in normal and diabetic subjects. The turnover of ascorbic acid was higher in the diabetics than that in the normal volunteers. Experiments with diabetic rats indicated that the increased turnover of ascorbic acid was probably due to increased oxidation of ascorbate to dehydroascorbate in tissue mitochondria. Ascorbic acid supplementation at a dose of 500 mg per day for a brief period of 15 days resulted in an increase in the plasma ascorbate level temporarily, but it did not lower the blood glucose level of the diabetic patients. PMID- 7231194 TI - Age-related changes in very low density lipoprotein metabolism in normal rats. AB - Plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations rise with age, and we have carried out studies of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) kinetics in the rat in an effort to define the cause of this phenomenon. Efficiency of VLDL-TG secretion by perfused rat liver decreases at rats age from 1 1/2-12 mo. However, this is compensated for by an increase in liver weight, and VLDL-TG secretion per perfused liver does not change with age. In contrast, total VLDL-TG secretion by the interact rat increases significantly as rats grow from 1 1/2-12 mo of age, and this increase is proportionate to the age-related increase in liver weight. The ability of the older rat to maintain VLDL-TG secretion proportionate to liver weight is most likely due to the concomitant rise in plasma free fatty acid concentration that occurs with age. However, the efficiency with which VLDL-TG is removed from plasma is not maintained as rats age. Consequently, the age-related rise in plasma TG concentration is due to an increase in VLDL-TG secretion proportionate to secretory mass, accompanied by a relative decline in efficiency of VLDL-TG removal from plasma. PMID- 7231195 TI - The role of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone in the pathogenesis of post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia. AB - Permanent hypocalcemia complicating thyroidectomy is a rare complication, whereas transient post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia occurs frequently. Ten patients were studied in an attempt to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. An early and transient postoperative rise in calcitonin (CT) corresponding to a decline in calcium levels was demonstrated. Though there was no significant depression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, the failure of the parathyroids to respond to hypocalcemic stimuli suggests a degree of at least transient parathyroid insufficiency. Transiently elevated CT levels appear to play a significant role in the commonly observed early, transient post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia following subtotal and total thyroidectomy. PMID- 7231196 TI - Dichloroacetate: effects on exercise endurance in untrained rats. AB - The effect of dichloroacetate (DCA), an activator of pyruvate dehydrogenase, on the performance of fed, untrained rats was evaluated while swimming for different durations. DCA-treated rats were able to swim almost 40% longer than controls (354 plus or minus 18 sec, p less than .001). This was associated with lower levels of blood and muscle lactate at rest and after 210 and 240 sec of swimming. At exhaustion, blood lactate was the same in the two groups even though the DCA rats had worked for an additional 99 sec (16.9 plus or minus 1.2 versus 15.8 plus or minus 1.2 mM/L NS). Pretreatment with DCA did not alter the usual exercise induced decreases in muscle ATP and creatine phosphate or liver glycogen. After 210 sec of exercise, plasma FFA and blood glucose and acetoacetate were also the same in the two groups; however, beta-hydroxybutyrate was somewhat higher, and there was a small but significant sparing of muscle glycogen in te DCA group. The data indicate that DCA enhances the ability of rats to exercise at near maximal work loads. They are consistent with the notion that improved endurance is a consequence of a decreased rate of lactate accumulation; however, the possibility that it is secondary to some other action of DCA cannot be excluded. PMID- 7231197 TI - Effect of colestipol and clofibrate on plasma lipid and lipoproteins in type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - The effects of 2.0 g of clofibrate and 15, 20 and 30 g of colestipol on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were evaluated in adult patients with Type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. Clofibrate treatment was associated with decreases in 11.0% in plasma cholesterol. 15.2% in LDL cholesterol, 26.1% in triglycerides, and an 11.3% increase in HDL cholesterol. The reductions in total cholesterol with the various doses of colestipol ranged from 11.9 to 17.8% and reductions in LDL cholesterol ranged from 16.1 to 27.3%. Colestipol treatment was not associated with any significant change in HDL cholesterol levels and minor increases in triglycerides. The addition of clofibrate to patients receiving colestipol resulted in a significant increase in HDL cholesterol and a decrease in triglycerides, but no additional reduction in total or LDL cholesterol. PMID- 7231198 TI - Effect of colestipol and clofibrate, singly and in combination, on plasma lipid and lipoproteins in type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - The effect of colestipol, clofibrate and a combination of these two drugs on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels was evaluated in 14 adult male patients with Type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia. A crossover design with each patient receiving all three treatments was utilized. Twenty g of colestipol per day reduced total and LDL cholesterol by 39.1 and 51.5 mg/dl, respectively (p less than 0.001). There was an associated rise in total triglycerides of 63.5 mg/dl (p less than 0.01) with no significant change in HDL cholesterol. Clofibrate, 2.0 g per day, did not significantly lower either total (-7.9 mg/dl) or LDL cholesterol (+8.7 mg/dl). There was marked interpatient variability in terms of the LDL cholesterol response to clofibrate, but the majority of patients demonstrated an increase. HDL cholesterol levels increased by 6.7 mg/dl (p less than 0.01) and total triglycerides were reduced by 94.6 mg/dl (p less than 0.001). Utilizing the same dosages of both drugs, the combination of colestipol and clofibrate were less effective in lowering total and LDL cholesterol than colestipol therapy alone, and increases in HDL cholesterol and decreases in triglycerides similar to those obtained with clofibrate were observed. PMID- 7231199 TI - Post-menopausal bleeding: a study of more than 1000 cases. AB - This paper reports the cause, incidence of malignancies, certain clinical features, and the time lag between the bleeding and the establishment of its cause, in the 1019 cases of post-menopausal bleeding investigated by the Universitats-Frauenklinik in Tubingen, West Germany, between 1969 and 1972. Although many of the patients had experienced just one post-menopausal bleeding before seeking medical help, and most reported that their bleeding(s) had been "light" and of short duration, a malignancy was found in 48% of the cases. The most common were cervical cancer (228 cases) and endometrial cancer (215). 31% of the cervical cancers and 12% of the endometrial cancers were in an advanced stage of development. A clear link emerged between increased age and the incidence of malignancies, but the paper shows the importance of any type of post-menopausal bleeding, however slight, being thoroughly investigated. PMID- 7231200 TI - Metabolic clearance rates of androgens and oestrogens in ageing women. AB - Using the constant infusion technique we have measured the metabolic clearance rates (MCR) for delta 4-androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), oestrone (E1) and oestradiol (E2) in a large group of post-menopausal women. Their mean +/- SE age was 64.5 +/- 1.6 yr, their ages ranged from 46-90 yr. When the MCRs for each steroid were related to age by linear regression analysis no significant correlation was found for any of the steroids. Similarly, when the women were grouped according to their age by decade, the mean MCR for each steroid showed no trend with increasing age. There was no difference in the MCRs for A, T and E1 of the post-menopausal women and a large group of pre-menopausal women. However, there was a significant decrease in the mean MCR for E2 between the two groups which is probably related to the marked decrease in circulating E2 in post menopausal women. We conclude that for these steroids age, per se, does not appear to be a major determinant of the MCR. PMID- 7231202 TI - The vaginal absorption of oestrogens in post-menopausal women. AB - Serum E1, E2 and E3 concentrations and E2/E1 ratio were measured after vaginal application of conjugated oestrogens, micronized 17 beta-oestradiol and oestriol. 2.4 mg of conjugated oestrogens caused a prompt elevation in the serum E1 concentration; the E2 level changed only slightly. After vaginal application of 2 mg micronized 17 beta-oestradiol the main serum oestrogen is E2 and the conversion of E2 to E1, as in oral administration, does not occur. A significant elevation in the serum E3 concentration was noted 2 h after the vaginal application of 0.5 mg oestriol. The E2/E1 ratio changed little after the application of conjugated oestrogens but increased considerably after the vaginal administration of 2 mg micronized 17 beta-oestradiol. PMID- 7231201 TI - An oestrone-releasing vaginal ring in the treatment of climacteric women. AB - Post-menopausal patients were treated with a new form of oestrogen administration by using two types of oestrone-containing vaginal rings. It was observed that oestrone was absorbed from the vagina as demonstrated by elevated plasma concentrations of oestrone (E1) and oestradiol (E2). In 3 out of 4 patients the ratio of E1/E2 was 4-5 in the first plasma samples collected after the initiation of the treatment. After the first week of treatment this ratio had dropped to 0.8 1.5, which indicates an increase and stabilization in the conversion of oestrone to oestradiol within 1 wk of treatment. The high levels of plasma oestrogens were associated with a decrease of plasma gonadotrophins and the disappearance of climacteric symptoms. The first type of ring tested resulted in a high initial burst of oestrone release, as evidenced by high concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol during the first 2 wk. In the second type of vaginal ring the high initial oestrone release was not present and the plasma oestrone and oestradiol levels were stable. The patients tolerated the treatment well, and after gaining experience, easily accepted this route of self-administration. It seems that the vaginal silastic ring is an effective steroid-delivery system in post-menopausal women. As judged by plasma oestrone and oestradiol profiles, it seems that the second type of ring was preferable to the first one as an intravaginal releasing device. PMID- 7231204 TI - Evaluation of reflection interference contrast microscope images of living cells. AB - Reflection contrast microscope methods are generally used for studies of those portions of the cell that are turned towards the glass coverslip, to comprehend the structure of the cytoskeleton and the dynamics of cell movement, as well as formation of cell-glass contacts. In incident illumination only reflected light contributes to picture formation. The intensity of which in the case of observation of unstained cells is small because of small refraction differences. To overcome this problem a reflection contrast system was developed by Leitz according to Ploem [49], in which by using contrast preserving measures the reflection becomes prominent in comparison with the lens reflexes. The emerging pictures are a result of interferences of reflections at glass-cell, cell-culture medium and culture medium-cell interfaces. According to Fresnel's equations the reflected intensity depends on the differences of the particular refractive indices and the thickness of the layers, which determine the phase of interfering beams. In idealized systems of thin films the reflected intensity is a measure for their optical constants. Relative reflection measurements from glass-cell areas is comparison with the known glass-medium reflection, can therefore be revealing as far as refraction index, cell-glass distance or cell thickness are concerned. The estimates by Bereiter-Hahn et al. [15] were made in the assumption of vertical illumination neglecting its actual conical shape: the comparison of two Fresnel functions of cytological relevant measurements show - in accordance with Gingell and Todd [24] - that this is only permitted under certain conditions, depending on the required accuracy of the measurements; an incidence angle of about 30 degrees leads to an error of about 10%, an angle of 50 degrees to more than 50%. PMID- 7231203 TI - The effects of oestrogen therapy on the sex life of post-menopausal women. AB - The literature concerning sexual behaviour around the time of the menopause is reviewed. Mentioned is a decline in sexual activity and satisfaction in women which is attributed to the changes in the women themselves, and not merely a reaction to the decline in the sexual capacity of their husbands. Forty women were treated during 1 yr with oestrogens. The eventual effect of this treatment on sexual activity and satisfaction was investigated and compared with a group who had undergone partial treatment only. The results show that in the completely treated Group A, symptoms such as hot flushes and depression diminished, and the pain of sexual relations was relieved. As a consequence of this improvement, coital activity and satisfaction were more gratifying. The partially treated Group B showed a clear decline in sexual activity and in sexual satisfaction. PMID- 7231205 TI - A simple and sensitive vibration monitor for micrography and general laboratory use. PMID- 7231206 TI - [Morphometry on the juxtaglomerular apparatus and the glomerulus of the rat (author's transl)]. AB - The area of contact between the macula densa and the terminal vascular components, the vas afferens, the vas efferens and the mesangium (Goormaghtigh cells) of five glomeruli of the rat has been determined morphometrically using serial sections. The surface, the filtration area, the volume and the total length of the capillaries of each glomeruli has been estimated, and these data have been correlated. There is evidence, that a contact between the macula densa and the mesangium always exists, a contact to the vas afferens is not obligatory. PMID- 7231208 TI - The Michigan hospice MD. PMID- 7231207 TI - New, competitive reimbursement systems put health care cost, use decisions at local level. PMID- 7231209 TI - Borgess Hospital has outstanding example of cardiac rehabilitation program. PMID- 7231210 TI - Physicians should be aware of growing use of DMSO. PMID- 7231211 TI - Ambulatory surgery continues to prove itself. PMID- 7231212 TI - After-hours pediatric clinic alternative to emergency service. PMID- 7231213 TI - Baffin Island medical experience includes polar bears, caribou hunt, Eskimos. PMID- 7231214 TI - Michigan physicians, hospitals share common destiny. PMID- 7231215 TI - We can change confrontation to cooperation. PMID- 7231216 TI - Beleaguered or not, MDs, hospitals must cooperate. PMID- 7231217 TI - A comparative study of the sugar composition of O-antigenic lipopolysaccharides isolated from Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. AB - A comparative study of the sugar composition of O-antigenic lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from Vibrio alginolyticus and those from V. parahaemolyticus was carried out. 3-Deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxy octonate (KDO), a regular sugar constituent of gram-negative bacterial LPS, was totally absent from LPS of all V. alginolyticus strains examined as it was from those of V. parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, a KDO-like thiobarbituric acid test-positive substance, identical with that of either V. parahaemolyticus 07 or 012, was also found in LPS from three strains, 505-78, 905-78, and 1013-79 (designated tentatively as group I), out of the five strains of V. alginolyticus tested. LPS from the members of group I contained, as component sugars, glucose, galactose, L glycero-D-manno-heptose, glucosamine, galactosamine, the KDO-like substance, and an unidentified amino sugar P1. Thus, LPS of the members of group I possessed a similar sugar composition which is similar to that of LPS from either V. parahaemolyticus 97 or 012. LPS of strain 1027-79, one of the other two strains (designated tentatively as group II), contained as component sugars, glucose, L glycero-D-mannoheptose, glucosamine, galactosamine, galactosamine, and the other unidentified amino sugar P2, while LPS of strain 53-79, the other member of group II, contained galactose as an additional component. The results indicate that LPS of strain 1027-79 has a sugar composition similar to that of V. parahaemolyticus 09 LPS. PMID- 7231218 TI - Close association of virus-specific cell surface and H-2 antigens in Ad12 infected and -transformed mouse cells. AB - A virus-specific cell surface (S) antigen in adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) transformed mouse cells has been assumed to be a direct target for cytotoxic thymus derived lymphocytes (CTL). In this study, the spatial proximity between the S and H-2 antigens was determined by three different methods, the proximity and co-capping tests, and the test for blocking of CTL-mediated lysis by anti-H-2 serum. In the proximity test with Ad12-infected thymic and splenic lymphocytes, and an Ad12-transformed line of C3H-He (H-2k) mouse cells, anti-H-2k and anti-S sera reciprocally inhibited fluorescent-antibody staining of the opposite antigens. By contrast, anti-Thy-1, 2 serum as well as anti-Ia and anti-Ig sera failed to show any appreciable effect in this test, when paired with anti-S serum. In addition, the S and H-2 antigens co-capped in the infected thymic lymphocytes, and CTL-mediated lysis of the transformed cells was abrogated equally by treatment of cells with anti-S and anti-H-2 sera. These results clearly demonstrate that there is a close proximity between the S and H-2 antigens on the surface of Ad12-infected and -transformed mouse cells. PMID- 7231219 TI - Experimental myocarditis induced in mice by infection with influenza A2 virus. AB - A mouse model was established for the study of acute myocarditis that occurs during influenza infection. Challenge with more than 10 LD50 of mouse-adapted influenza A2 virus (H2N2) induced myocarditis macroscopically discernible as white, irregularly shaped lesions which were shown by histological examination to consist of necrotic myofibers surrounded by infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells. After challenge with 10 LD50 of the virus, macroscopic myocarditis was found to advance in a progressive manner up to the 7th day, while the virus titer in the heart reached its peak on the 2nd day and began to decrease on the 5th day of infection. However, development of myocarditis was significantly suppressed in mice which were irradiated with 400 R of X-rays before infection. In addition, myocarditis did not develop in congenitally athymic nude mice. These data indicate that myocarditis was not brought about by viral action directly, but that it was mediated by some function of the host against viral invasion, which was abolished by X-irradiation. The data also suggest that T cells played a key role in the development of myocarditis. PMID- 7231220 TI - [Isolation of Chlamydia from agricultural animals and their identification]. PMID- 7231221 TI - [Evaluation of serological diagnostic methods in chlamydiosis]. PMID- 7231222 TI - [4 model of chronic chlamydial pneumonia and its morphological characteristics]. PMID- 7231223 TI - [Possible mechanism of the resistance of C57Bl/6 mice to a mixed infection with Mycoplasma arthritidis and Rauscher leukemia virus]. PMID- 7231224 TI - A menu-driven, touch panel microcomputer for clinical recordkeeping. AB - Quikchart is a menu-driven, touch-panel input microcomputer system designed for computer-naive physicians active in clinical environments. It enables them to generate patient encounter records, and to store and access them using electronic memory. It also permits printing hard-copy records. The system is designed so that the physician can do all this without resorting to a standard typewriter or computer keyboard. It circumvents the disadvantages of both handwritten records and dictated records. Upward expansion of Quikchart will allow individual systems to be networked into a clinic-wide medical record system. PMID- 7231225 TI - A distributed microprocessing system for laboratory computing. AB - The concepts and practical implementation of a distributed processing system used for biomedical research demonstrably increase efficiency and cost effectiveness of microprocessor use. The hardware system is based on a minicomputer host and remote microcomputer slaves. Remote microcomputer systems are used for data acquisition and display, whereas the host system is used for data and program storage, as well as program compilation. The software used is the "C" programming language and the Unix operating system. Methods for programming the microcomputer in the higher level language "C" for laboratory usage are described. Examples illustrate how a distributed microprocessor system can be effectively used in a medical laboratory for the common tasks of data acquisition, processing, and display. PMID- 7231226 TI - Microcomputer applications in biomedical research. AB - Microprocessors and microcomputers are assuming an increasingly important role in clinical and biomedical research. They are applied to the development of new devices for monitoring patients, replacing lost physiologic or sensory function, or performing therapeutic procedures. In research laboratories, microprocessors help to automate instrumentation for measurement and control and to control data collection and analysis functions. Several applications from the National Institutes of Health described by the author illustrate some of these uses. PMID- 7231227 TI - Microprocessors in intensive care medicine. AB - Three specific applications of microprocessors to intensive care instrumentation are presented. Automatic feedback control of mechanical ventilation is achieved using end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production as the input control parameters. Closed-loop control of fluid infusion is used for resuscitating burn patients; intravenous infusion rate is microprocessor controlled to maintain a desired urine output. Metabolic rate is measured by indirect calorimetry using a microprocessor to compute the results and control the measuring instrumentation. These examples show how microprocessor technology has been used to expand instrumentation capability and implement feedback control. These systems use multiple-input feedback control, user guidance, automatic calibration, self-diagnostics, and intelligent alarms. PMID- 7231228 TI - Modular design of microcomputer-based medical instruments. AB - A modular design approach is effective for developing compact microcomputer-based medical instruments. Each instrument consists of two modules: a microcomputer instrument module that provides data conversion and computing functions and a characteristic module that does analog signal conditioning and includes all interfaces to the environment. The five instruments summarized here are: (a) a portable, battery-operated arrhythmia monitor for ambulatory patients; (b) a physician's computer for remote telephone communication with the portable monitor; (c) a battery-powered arrhythmia monitor/recorder for the operating room; (d) a portable, battery-operated biofeedback device for speech therapy; and (e) a neuromuscular blockade monitor for the operating room. PMID- 7231229 TI - Automated EEG analysis with microcomputers. AB - The application of microcomputers for the detection of individual waveforms in the electroencephalogram is described. The waveform detection, which is completely implemented in a microcomputer, consists of filtering the EEG, determining the time between zero-crossing of each wave, measuring the amplitude of each wave, and then determining if the individual waves occur with a specified pattern. The method provides for the detection and quantification of the waveforms normally occurring in the sleep EEG and in petit mal epilepsy. The same algorithm is used for all waveforms, except that the filter, wave, and criteria are changed. The microcomputer can also be used to obtain a quantitative description of the individual waveforms. PMID- 7231230 TI - Strain gauge transducer for neuromuscular blockade monitoring. PMID- 7231231 TI - A computerized system for equipment control and preventive maintenance. AB - The Medical Engineering Laboratory of the University of Rochester-Strong Memorial Hospital is responsible for service of and scheduled preventive maintenance on approximately 6000 pieces of patient-care and laboratory equipment. A database management computer program has been developed t increase the efficiency and accuracy with which equipment control records are maintained. The program has three major divisions: data files, update programs, and report programs. The date files are for storage of all records and tables; the update programs are for convenient data entry, corrections, and changes; the report programs are for creating all the forms, records, and reports associated with the equipment control program. Besides maintaining all of the identifying information, inspection results, and service reports on all of the medical equipment, the system can maintain the department's parts inventory records and prepare itemized bills. PMID- 7231232 TI - Diagnostic imaging: a medical discipline for the 1980s. PMID- 7231233 TI - Differential microelectrode recording for artifact rejection. PMID- 7231234 TI - Optimum filters for pacemakers sensing amplifiers. PMID- 7231235 TI - A uniform labeling system for blood services. PMID- 7231236 TI - Present status of requirements for isolated power systems. PMID- 7231238 TI - Fire: the unsolved hospital problem. PMID- 7231237 TI - Behind the spare parts availability rumor. PMID- 7231239 TI - A multipurpose bed for the obese patient. PMID- 7231240 TI - Neurological applications of computed tomography. AB - Prior to the development of computed tomography, radiographic visualization of the brain and spinal cord relied on the indirect imaging methods of angiography, pneumography, and myelography. Although those invasive techniques still play an important diagnostic role, computed tomography has largely replaced them as the main imaging modality of the brain. Its rapid noninvasive nature heralds a major advance in clinical neurological diagnosis. PMID- 7231241 TI - The human side of computers in medicine. AB - This section, Computer Medicine, will regularly bring to the attention of MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION's readers information of general interest about applications of computers in medicine. The content and format of the section will vary from time to time and will include reports, news items, abstracts, book reviews, and original contributions submitted to the journal. Contributions are welcome and encouraged-contact the editor or AAMI for further details and information for contributors. PMID- 7231242 TI - Ultraminiature strain gauge transducer for assessing regional intramyocardial pressure. AB - A probe consisting of an ultraminiature strain gauge mounted on a 1.6-mm diam stainless-steel hypodermic needle for the measurement of intramyocardial pressure is described. Measurements were made of regional intramyocardial pressure throughout the cardiac cycle in 18 dogs. Simultaneous measurements were made in the left ventricular free wall at the subendocardial and subepicardial level. Advantages of the probe are: (a) an ability to localize pressure measurements at various depths within the myocardial wall; (b) minimal trauma and distortion of the myocardial tissue at the site of measurement because of the small volume occupied by the sensor; and (c) the high frequency response and insignificant time delay of the transducer. The method allows a simultaneous comparative assessment of intramyocardial pressure with other hemodynamic events. PMID- 7231244 TI - Monitoring critically ill patients in the hyperbaric environment. AB - Some critically ill and injured patients now require treatment in hyperbaric chambers. The combination of high concentrations of oxygen and increased pressure presents special hazards that limit options for physiologic monitoring. A creative problem-solving approach guided by basic principles of electrical safety enables one to meet the monitoring needs of most patients. Very simple techniques usually best serve the interest of the patient and medical personnel. PMID- 7231243 TI - Improving intramuscular pH needle electrode stability. AB - An improved design for an intramuscular pH needle electrode, which slows the rate of accumulation of protein deposits and increases the stability of the needle electrodes, has been developed. To further stabilize the electrode, a counter EMF pulsing technique was also developed. As presently fabricated and used, needle electrodes remain stable for months in nonprotein solutions and for about 53 hours in albumin solutions. PMID- 7231245 TI - Complications of invasive monitoring. AB - Invasive monitoring is a cornerstone for intensive care. Understanding iatrogenic complications arising from this invasive monitoring is obligatory for those involved in intensive care. Three basic categories of the complications of monitoring are discussed. Arterial monitoring can be complicated by thrombosis, embolism, and infection. Central venous monitoring can cause pneumothorax, arterial injury, infection, thrombosis, and air embolism. Pulmonary artery catheters can cause cardiac arrhythmias, embolism, pulmonary infarction, pulmonary hemorrhage, and cardiac injury. Knowledge of these complications is the first step toward prevention. PMID- 7231246 TI - Noninvasive blood pressure measurement. AB - Blood pressure measurement in the operating room has become increasingly sophisticated. The principles used, however, are based on proven concepts. The author's review of the historical bases for the principles, the principles themselves, and clinical applications demonstrate how anesthesiology has been improved by the development of different techniques for measuring blood pressure. Because the usefulness of the pressure readings--systolic, diastolic, or mean arterial--depends upon the clinical situation, all should be recorded. The automatic, noninvasive measuring devices offer substantial advantages in patient safety. PMID- 7231247 TI - Comparison of direct and indirect methods of measuring arterial blood pressure, part II. AB - Blood pressure measurements can be obtained in the clinical setting by a variety of methods, direct and indirect, but with varying results. Disparities between direct and indirect blood pressure measurements are due in part to physiological considerations, but are largely conditioned by the frequency response of the recording system. In this, the second of three part, the authors conclude that there is no easy solution to the problems confronting direct measurement of blood pressure, and that the interim course seems to be insistence upon definition of the characteristics of measurement systems employed in producing investigative data. Part I (Med. Instrum. January-February 1981) concluded that comparative studies of direct and indirect blood pressure fall into two groups--those resulting in close agreement between methods, and those that do not. In part III (May-June 1981), the authors will examine their own study of a group of patients undergoing surgery. PMID- 7231248 TI - Recent advances in contraception. PMID- 7231249 TI - Cystic fibrosis and pregnancy. PMID- 7231250 TI - Postcoital contraception. PMID- 7231251 TI - Vietnamese attitudes towards maternal and infant health. AB - Behavioural and dietary precautions, observed both by ethnic Vietnamese and by Vietnamese-Chinese women during pregnancy and the puerperium, derive from the humoral medical classification of foodstuffs and physiological states. Migration to Australia has led only to minor modification of the birth prescriptions, which provide women with a means of dealing with the physiological-medical and psychological-personal changes brought about by pregnancy and delivery. However, traditional practices of infant feeding have largely been abandoned in favour of a short period either of breast feeding only or of exclusive bottle feeding and the early introduction of solids. PMID- 7231252 TI - Vietnamese refugees in Adelaide: an obstetric analysis. AB - An analysis is made of the pregnancies of all Vietnamese refugees who presented to the antenatal clinic at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, during the period from June, 1977, to January, 1980. This comprised 78 pregnancies in 76 women. Previous medical history, social status, antenatal and delivery complications and neonatal outcome are assessed, and differences between the study group and the non-Asian public patients, Which are discussed in detail, are demonstrated. PMID- 7231253 TI - Force and mobility in the ageing human tongue. AB - In senescence, voluntary muscles exhibit distinct age-related changes. Principally, this involves a decline in the force such muscles can exert, but also alterations in their macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. The striated muscles of the tongue appear to be an exception. In an investigation measuring maximum force and mobility it was found that in aged edentate denture wearers there was a significant increase in force compared with the young dentate, while post-mortem sections of aged human tongues showed a complete absence of the expected age-related changes. It is our hypothesis that increased tongue activity during mastication and the abundant blood supply of the tongue are responsible for maintenance of structure and function. PMID- 7231254 TI - Detection of an immunosuppressive factor in human preimplantation embryo cultures. AB - Within 48 hours of fertilization of human preovulatory oocytes in vitro, an immunosuppressive factor was detected in the culture medium by a rosette inhibition test. Cultures in which fertilization of the oocyte was unsuccessful were indistinguishable from control medium. Release of an early pregnancy factor from the preimplantation embryo could be of clinical significance to the establishment of pregnancy after embryo transfer. PMID- 7231255 TI - Lymphangitis carcinomatosa. AB - A case of lymphangitis carcinomatosa secondary to a primary gastric adenocarcinoma is reported. Diagnosis was suspected clinically and radiologically, but was established only at autopsy. The condition is reviewed. When suspected, transbronchial lung biopsy would allow histological confirmation of the diagnosis. PMID- 7231256 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis with sparing of transplanted colon. AB - There is strong evidence that pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is caused by the toxin of Clostridium difficile. A case of PMC which occurred in a patient who underwent colon interposition for a benign oesophageal stricture is presented, which had all the features of a florid PMC, but the changes were confined to the normally sited colon, and did not occur in the interposed loop. No similar case report could be found in the literature. This case is in accord with the view that PMC is produced by the toxin of local faecal bacteria, and its occurrence is precluded by removal of the colon from the faecal stream. PMID- 7231258 TI - Blood lead levels in Victorian children. PMID- 7231257 TI - Self-poisoning with propranolol. AB - A 14-year-old boy who ingested 8000 mg of propranolol developed sudden onset of arrhythmias, cardiac failure and convulsions. He responded to ventilator support, transvenous pacing, and massive dosage of isoprenaline. The clinical features and management of propranolol overdosage are outlined. PMID- 7231260 TI - Death from asthma. PMID- 7231259 TI - Fungal peritonitis: complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7231261 TI - Heroin for relief of pain. PMID- 7231262 TI - Phase V blood pressure. PMID- 7231263 TI - Proctalgia fugax and psychiatric illness. PMID- 7231264 TI - Computer colour enhanced tomography: not new. PMID- 7231265 TI - Management of cardiac arrest. PMID- 7231266 TI - Blood lead levels in Victorian children. PMID- 7231267 TI - Haemaccel. PMID- 7231268 TI - Human life and abortion. PMID- 7231269 TI - Vasectomy reversal. PMID- 7231270 TI - Clinical trials. PMID- 7231271 TI - Australian health aid to the Third World. PMID- 7231272 TI - Alcohol and drowning. PMID- 7231273 TI - Clinical trials symposium. PMID- 7231274 TI - A new design for randomized clinical trials. The Clinical Oncological Society of Australia. PMID- 7231275 TI - Situations creating ethical stress. AB - When a new therapeutic procedure, be it either a cytotoxic drug, surgical operation or radiotherapeutic treatment, is introduced into cancer treatment, it generally requires a careful trial involving comparison with a standard or traditional therapy. The introduction of a new drug in cancer therapy is generally a complex matter, and involves several stages of testing. Such agents are identified as potential anticancer drugs on the basis of preclinical screening studies which involve animal tumour models, and the study of the efficacy of drugs on animal and human tumour cells in tissue culture. PMID- 7231276 TI - The Hospital Ethics Committee. PMID- 7231277 TI - Informed consent: a medical viewpoint. AB - Clinical trials now have an established place in the evaluation of new cancer treatments. It is vital that there should be no conflict between the scientific aspects of clinical trials and the interests of patients with cancer. This conflict can be avoided if trial designs meet accepted standards, and if patients are able to make "informed" decisions abut participation. This process of obtaining informed consent is the subject of much debate. How the debate can be resolved by an individual clinician depends on his perception of a number of fundamental ethical principles. There is growing agreement, however, that regardless of the details of the process of obtaining informed consent, certain basic requirements must be met. The patient must be told that he is participating in a research procedure, that entry is optional, that withdrawal at any time is his right, and he must understand the nature of the trial and the likely effects of treatment, both good and bad. PMID- 7231278 TI - Clinical trials symposium. Consumers' viewpoint. PMID- 7231279 TI - Clinical trials symposium. Willing participant or exploited patient? PMID- 7231280 TI - Legal aspects of clinical trials. PMID- 7231281 TI - Value of serial carcinoembryonic antigen determinations for early detection of recurrent cancer. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been monitored at intervals of approximately three months in patients who had undergone potentially curative surgery for breast cancer, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer, but who were considered to be at high risk of recurrence. Monitoring of CEA in patients' serum was of no value for the early detection of tumour recurrence in either breast or head and neck cancer patients. It was of value for the early detection of lung cancer recurrence, but these patients were always beyond the scope of cure. In colorectal cancer patients, two-thirds of recurrences were heralded by a rising CEA, but only one of 15 patients had disease confined to local tissues which could be totally excised, although a further three patients had liver metastases which were apparently localized to one lobe of the liver. For colorectal cancer patients, serial CEA estimations are an effective method for the early diagnosis of recurrence, although this seldom translates into improved patient benefit. PMID- 7231283 TI - Single 600-milligram oral dose of doxycycline in the treatment of gonorrhoea. AB - One-hundred and fifty patients suffering from uncomplicated gonococcal infections were treated with a single oral dose of 600 mg doxycycline. Of the 117 patients who returned for follow-up, 14 were classified as dropouts; 92 of the remaining 103 patients were judged to be cured by the results of clinical examination and negative culture. PMID- 7231282 TI - Melioidosis in the Northern Territory of Australia. AB - Melioidosis is being diagnosed with increasing frequency in the northern part of the Northern Territory, but the mortality rate remains high in the acute septicaemic form of the disease largely because of associated chronic debilitating illnesses. This paper reviews epidemiological and clinical features of human melioidosis in 37 cases seen between 1960 and 1979. Infection with Pseudomonas pseudomallei is most often contracted during the wet season by persons who have regular contact with soil or ground water, probably through pre existing skin lesions or penetrating wounds and, occasionally, through the genitourinary tract. The clinical features of melioidosis are protean, and definitive diagnosis can only be made by bacterial culture. Certain strongly indicative features, however, may justify vigorous early treatment with antibiotics (tetracycline or doxycycline in some combination with chloramphenicol, kanamycin or trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole) which can be life saving in fulminant septicaemic melioidosis. These indicative features are a severely prostrating fever with signs of respiratory tract infection in a patient with a chronic debilitating condition (particularly chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition or leprosy), with regular soil contact, and with chronic or recurrent skin lesions or a recent history of a penetrating wound. In subacute or chronic forms of melioidosis, which usually localize in an organ system, the diagnosis is commonly an unexpected bacteriological finding and the prognosis is generally good. PMID- 7231284 TI - Use of an alcometer in a casualty department. AB - The use of a fuel cell alcometer for breath testing of blood alcohol concentrations of road crash casualties in a casualty department has been evaluated. A high correlation (r=0.89) was shown between the alcometer breath test results and those obtained by blood analysis at the Victoria Police Forensic Laboratory on 100 road crash casualties. The fuel cell alcometer breath test results were above the legal limit (0.05 g/100 mL) in all casualties in whom the blood analysis result exceeded this level. The facility of obtaining an immediate blood alcohol concentration through the use of a fuel cell alcometer permits the early identification and referral of patients with high blood alcohol concentrations to Alcohol and Drug-dependent Services. After further experience, the fuel cell alcometer may also gain a place as a screening device in Australian States which have enacted legislation for compulsory blood alcohol tests on adult road crash casualties. If so, it could obviate the need to take blood from casualties with a negative alcohol concentration. PMID- 7231285 TI - Calcific tendinitis at multiple sites. PMID- 7231286 TI - Bladder tumour after treatment for lymphoma. PMID- 7231287 TI - Cardiovascular effects of cimetidine. PMID- 7231288 TI - Umbilical sepsis: wash your navels! PMID- 7231289 TI - Excessive frequency of phenytoin dosage. PMID- 7231290 TI - Geriatric services. PMID- 7231292 TI - 'Preresuscition care' and the medical practitioner. PMID- 7231291 TI - Geriatric patients, vitamin B12 and pernicious anaemia. PMID- 7231293 TI - Environmental lead question. PMID- 7231294 TI - Plasma cholesterol levels in Australian Aborigines. PMID- 7231295 TI - Biliary giardiasis and pancreatitis. PMID- 7231296 TI - Medical benefits for multiphasic health screening. PMID- 7231297 TI - Urinary retention and intervertebral disc protrusion. PMID- 7231298 TI - Attitudes to patients who attempt suicide. PMID- 7231299 TI - Please put labels on topical preparations. PMID- 7231300 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of thalassaemia: possible medico-legal implications. PMID- 7231301 TI - School entry health examination. PMID- 7231303 TI - Role of alcohol in the aetiology of hypertension. PMID- 7231304 TI - Teamwork in bereavement. PMID- 7231302 TI - Hypnotherapy in general practice. PMID- 7231305 TI - Medical staff organization in hospitals. PMID- 7231306 TI - Toxic-shock syndrome. PMID- 7231307 TI - Sickness absence and smoking. PMID- 7231308 TI - Congenital malformations register in Western Australia. PMID- 7231309 TI - Alcohol and the road toll. PMID- 7231310 TI - Cancer profiles of British and southern-European Migrants. Exploring South Australia's cancer registry data. AB - Studies of cancer mortality in migrants, in Australia and elsewhere, gave rise to aetiological hypotheses about various environmental factors. The advent of population-based cancer registration in Australia allows comparison of cancer incidence by country of birth, thereby eliminating any biases that might occur in mortality comparisons due to differences in cancer survival rates between population subgroups. Examination of cancer incidence in British, Irish and southern-European migrants in South Australia during 1977-1978, relative to the non-migrant population, shows a high risk of stomach cancer in all these migrants and a low risk of colon cancer in southern-European migrants. Variations in malignant melanoma and in cancers of the oesophagus, lung, pancreas, breast and endometrium are also discussed, in relation to eating, drinking and smoking habits, and host characteristics. The potential uses of cancer registration data for population monitoring, and for research, are noted. PMID- 7231311 TI - Alimentary tract cancer mortality in Australia, 1908-1978. An epidemiological appraisal. AB - Australian mortality from alimentary tract cancer is examined, by sex and age, for the period from 1908 to 1978. In both sexes, mortality from gastric cancer has declined steadily, whereas that from pancreatic cancer has increased. There have been recent upturns in mortality from oesophageal and colorectal cancers, after an earlier rise and fall. These diverse trends are examined, particularly in relation to sex and generational differences, in the light of current aetiological hypotheses. Dietary factors (including alcohol) may be of prime importance. PMID- 7231312 TI - Sickness absence, respiratory impairment and smoking in industry: an australian study. AB - A retrospective study of sickness absence, respiratory impairment and their relation to smoking habits was conducted among a heterogeneous population of 1867 staff members of 12 Australian organizations. Data on smoking habits were used to divide the sample into current cigarette smokers (n=392), ex-cigarette smokers (n=182) and those who had never smoked (n=714). Results of the health survey by self-administered questionnaire showed that the prevalence of respiratory symptoms was higher in cigarette smokers than in non-smokers both in men and women. Smoking was particularly related to frequency of cough, and sputum production. Wheezing showed a similar, though less marked, trend. The influence of smoking on the pulmonary function value, FEV1/FVC% was assessed in a group of 972 men and 297 women. Results of analysis of variance showed that ventilatory function was significantly impaired among smokers and ex-smokers. The sickness absence records of 826 cigarette smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers were also compared. Both frequency and duration of sickness absence were greater in cigarette smokers and ex-smokers. Significant differences between these groups were confirmed in total as well as in certified absence. Among males, the average number of days off work was 1.59 times greater in male smokers than in male non smokers, and 1.36 times greater for female subjects who smoked. The epidemiological implications of such findings await further research. However, the consequences for the individual, industry and the general community are apparent. PMID- 7231313 TI - Effect of a high energy, low carbohydrate diet on serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins. AB - The effect of a high energy, low carbohydrate (ketogenic) diet on serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins was studied in two normal individuals. A marked rise in serum levels of cholesterol and phospholipid occurred during the diet, but serum triglyceride levels remained within the normal range. High density lipoprotein cholesterol level did not change, and the rise in serum level of cholesterol levels with its distribution in lipoproteins, these observed changes pose a potential atherogenic risk. Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels reverted to normal on discontinuation of the diet. A modest weight loss observed during the diet was regained within 24 hours of the diet's cessation. PMID- 7231314 TI - Weight reduction in a normal population. AB - Weight loss of more than 2 kg under the guidance of a trained nurse was achieved over a 12-month period in 38% of overweight hospital and transport workers. Males over 50 were the subgroup most successful in losing weight. Weight loss achieved by older males with an "off-hand" as compared with an "energetic" approach was similar up until nine months, after which the "energetic" approach was more effective. Females on an "energetic" diet were successful up until nine months only. The "off-hand" approach is acceptable to more people and is less time consuming. It should therefore be seriously considered by a public health authority which seeks to promote weight reduction in the general community. PMID- 7231315 TI - Comparison of the metabolic and antihypertensive properties of tienilic acid and hydrochlorothiazide. AB - Tienilic acid (2,3-dichloro-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl) phenoxyacetic acid) is a new diuretic with uricosuric properties. Eighteen patients, aged between 37 and 67 years, with moderate arterial hypertension underwent a double-blind, within patient, crossover study to compare the effects of tienilic acid (TNCF) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) on blood pressure, renal function, serum levels of uric acid and electrolytes, and liver function. Blood pressure was lowered similarly by TNCF and HCTZ. The prime advantage of TCNF over HCTZ was its profound hypouricaemic effect. Despite the possibility of hepatotoxicity of TNCF, it may still have a place in the treatment of hypertensive hyperuricaemic patients when the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of TNCF is elucidated. PMID- 7231316 TI - The macrosomic infant: a high risk complication. AB - A retrospective analysis was made of 110 macrosomic infants in an effort to detect predictive factors which may influence the management of labour and delivery of such infants. Clinical suspicion of a macrosomic infant by the obstetrician was the most constant predictive factor antenatally. Measures to reduce the increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in the delivery of such infants are discussed. PMID- 7231317 TI - Case analysis as a teaching method in the paraclinical sciences. AB - A major problem in the teaching of the preclinical and paraclinical sciences to medical students is that courses are often taught in isolation from the clinical programme and students have difficulty relating the different types of learning experiences. This paper introduces case analysis as method designed to overcome this problem. The casebook method is popular with students and staff members and is a practical way of encouraging independent and motivated learning in the paraclinical sciences. PMID- 7231318 TI - Toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 7231319 TI - Death from asthma. PMID- 7231320 TI - Stapling devices and rectal excision for cancer. PMID- 7231321 TI - Excessive washing and melanoma. PMID- 7231322 TI - [Lysozyme in the differential diagnosis of infections]. PMID- 7231323 TI - [Diaphragmatic rupture is frequently overlooked]. PMID- 7231324 TI - [Hormonal contraceptives cause depression?]. AB - Psychometrical investigation found depressive feelings in 515 women under hormonal contraceptives. There was a significant lower compatibility of oral contraceptive with that quarter of women suffering from depressive tendencies. This group complained nearly twice as often about headaches. Temporary listlessness and tiredness were registered nearly for three times more than in that of women without depressive tendencies. Personal striking features which were registered by psychometrical investigation indicate that psychogenesis is the dominating factor of depressive feelings. One seventh of women with neurotic tendencies suffered from depressive feelings in 54 per cent. You can find the same situation only in 3 per cent of this seventh part of women without any neurotic features. The results of this study influence the way of practical advice in contraceptives. PMID- 7231325 TI - [Getting sober through self help: the Alcoholics Anonymous]. PMID- 7231326 TI - [Self-help groups and their significance in the physician's practice]. PMID- 7231327 TI - [Present state of nuclear medicine in kidney diagnosis]. PMID- 7231328 TI - [QT-syndrome includes 2 symptom complexes]. PMID- 7231329 TI - [Etofibrate lowers the atherosclerosis index]. PMID- 7231330 TI - [How can the busy physician improve his cooperative relations with his patients?]. PMID- 7231331 TI - [Acute hemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7231332 TI - [Multi-septate gallbladder as a cause of colic]. AB - A case of multiseptate gallbladder is presented in this paper. No acute inflammation was found. The symptoms were caused by pressure in the small chambers and delay in emptying caused by stones. In our opinion the symptoms give support to indication for cholecystectomy. PMID- 7231334 TI - [A preparation for the therapy of ischemic arterial diseases]. PMID- 7231333 TI - [Is it necessary to treat the autonomous thyroid adenoma?]. AB - A treatment of the autonomous nodule in an euthyroid patient is still in question. We therefore compared our findings in treated and untreated patients with this disease. Pooling all datas of untreated patients, one got worse in 84 observed years while one got completely normal in 67 years. None of the 16 patients exposed to organic iodine developed a hyperthyroidism. In hyperthyroid patients with an autonomous nodule of the thyroid the disease was controlled by one low-dose Iodine-131 treatment in 82%, while the others needed one further dose to get euthyroid. Because of the high rate of spontaneous remission and the low complication rate were recommend a treatment of the autonomous thyroid nodule in euthyroidism only in selected cases. A careful follow-up should be done in all patients with thyroid disease, treated or untreated; an exacerbation of disease can be controlled by an Iodine-131-treatment. PMID- 7231335 TI - [From splenopathic marrow inhibition to hypersplenism]. PMID- 7231337 TI - [Potentiation of drug effectiveness in combination drug therapy]. PMID- 7231336 TI - [The spleen, an unnecessary organ?]. PMID- 7231338 TI - [Duodenal ulcer - multicenter double-blind study with proglumide]. AB - In a randomised multicenter double blind study we investigated the healing-rate with proglumid and an antacid drug, studying 70 in- and outpatients with florid duodenal ulcer. We evaluated the size and depth of 59 chronic duodenal ulcers in 52 patients with endoscopic and x-ray-investigations before and after four-week treatment. Inpatients of the proglumid-group had a significant higher healing rate than inpatients in the antacid-group (95% against 70%, p less than 0.05). As found in endoscopy the outpatients in the proglumid-group had a higher healing rate, but because of the smaller number of patients the difference was not significant. Summarized the in- and outpatients, the proglumid-group had a healing-rate of 83%, the antacid-group of 60% (p less than 0.05). Bigger ulcers with a size more than 120 mm2 at the beginning showed a significant better healing with proglumid than with the antacid-drug (t/2 = 14.6 resp. 24.6 days). With x-ray-examination we could not find differences of healing between the two groups, but younger patients often were not examined. The symptoms of patients did not show a significant difference during the healing-course. We could not find any side-effects. Proglumid is an effective drug for the healing of chronic duodenal ulcers. PMID- 7231340 TI - [Balance of gallstone dissolution using drug therapy]. PMID- 7231339 TI - [When must pulmonary tuberculosis be treated surgically even today?]. AB - Out of 571 patients with a chest complaint 58 were operated on for TB of the lungs. The average age was 43. With the exception of 9 patients, who were suspected of having a primary carcinoma of the lung, the operation was basically carried out after unsuccessful antituberculostatic therapy. The need to operate has to take into account adequately not only the morphological and functional changes in the lungs but also the social circumstances of the patient. In 78,7% of operations resections of lung tissue were used. 66,7% lobectomies, 18,8% wedge dissections, 8,3% pneumectomies and 6,2% bilobectomies were carried out. There were no deaths after operations. Surgical therapy of TB of the lungs still plays an important part in the treatment of TB and its success is mainly dependent on the timing in accordance with the indication. PMID- 7231341 TI - [HDL-cholesterol reference values in an urban population (Vienna)]. PMID- 7231342 TI - [The effect of halogens on chloride determinations]. PMID- 7231343 TI - [The validity of clinico-chemical results]. PMID- 7231344 TI - [Statistical procedures in the comparison of methods]. PMID- 7231345 TI - [The value of clinico-chemical results]. PMID- 7231346 TI - [Newer methods of pancreatic function diagnosis]. PMID- 7231347 TI - [Specificity of conventional and photometric (amidolytic) coagulation analyses]. PMID- 7231348 TI - [Dependability of electronic thrombocyte count and size distribution determination]. PMID- 7231349 TI - [Possibilities of automation in the coagulation laboratory]. PMID- 7231350 TI - [Effect of analysis on the reference range of electrolytes]. PMID- 7231351 TI - [Purine metabolism and recurrent nephrolithiasis]. PMID- 7231352 TI - [Quality control in the coagulation laboratory with special reference to conventional methods for control of oral anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 7231353 TI - [Blood coagulation monitoring in oral anticoagulant therapy using chromogenic substances]. PMID- 7231354 TI - [Heart insufficiency--physiopathology, clinical aspects and therapeutic principles]. PMID- 7231355 TI - [Medicines as drugs and addictive substances]. PMID- 7231356 TI - Lethal barrelled weapons. PMID- 7231357 TI - Transsexualism and the sex-change operation: a contemporary medico-legal and social problem. PMID- 7231358 TI - Religion in patients with advanced cancer. AB - Data on religious belief, activity, and connections, and ratings of happiness, life satisfaction, and pain level were obtained periodically from 71 patients with advanced cancer. Religious belief showed substantial positive correlation with life satisfaction, and religious activity and connections were significantly correlated with both happiness and life satisfaction. Religious patients also reported significantly lower levels of pain, even though they were no less likely to report the presence of pain. Data from the 36 patients who have since died show no correlation between the religion variables and duration of survival. In general, the patients showed little change in religious belief over time. Religion seems to be an important source of support for many patients. PMID- 7231359 TI - Physical function assessment in patients with advanced cancer. AB - Accepted physical therapy assessment techniques were compared with the Karnofsky Performance Status scores in a group of patients with advanced cancer. Assessment of patients' physical functioning by physical therapy evaluation techniques was highly correlated with the Karnofsky Performance Status score. The KPS has been demonstrated to be a reliable assessment tool and is a good indicator of those patients most likely to maintain independent physical function. Extensive physical therapy measures in this patient population appear to offer no advantage over the KPS as an evaluation tool for studies. PMID- 7231360 TI - Thyroid carcinoma in childhood. PMID- 7231361 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma of the palatal mucosa in a nine-week-old infant. AB - Histiocytosis commonly presents as a disseminated disease in children under one year of age and is rare in infants less than three months of age. This case describes a nine-week-old infant with unifocal eosinophilic granuloma without bone involvement. One year after surgical excision the child is free of disease by roentgenographic and laboratory studies and is growing and developing normally. Thus our patient demonstrates several unique features, which include a young age at presentation without disease dissemination and an unusual site of tissue involvement without bone extension. PMID- 7231362 TI - The role of local radiation in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children. AB - Eighty-one patients between 1 and 15 years of age with non-Hodgkin lymphoma were seen at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) in an 8-year period ending December 1973. There was no statistically significant difference among the survival distributions for site or histologic type. The patients also were divided into three groups according to the chemotherapeutic regimen employed in their care, and further subdivided as to whether they received "curative" radiotherapeutic attempts. Children treated with multiple agent chemotherapeutic regimen (LSA-2) did significantly better than children of the LSA-1 or nonprotocol (NP) group. Children with Stage I and Stage II disease did significantly better than children with Stage III and Stage IV disease. Radiation therapy as employed in this study prevented recurrence of local disease. All patients in whom the disease recurred died within a year from the appearance of recurrence. However, no statistically significant association between radiation and survival could be shown in this series. PMID- 7231363 TI - Cloning of fresh lymphoma cells. AB - We attempted to induce in vivo clonal growth of neoplastic lymphoid cells from fresh specimens of involved tissue from 22 patients with no-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Conditioned media derived from two human B-lymphocyte tissue culture lines were tested for their ability to promote colony growth. In addition, we compared the incidence of colony induction to the flash-3H-thymidine labeling index (LI) of the cells in the tissues cultured. Successful colony induction occurred in three-tenths of the cases of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma and one-half of the cases of nodular lymphoma. Cloning efficiencies were low, ranging from 0.0003 to 0.04%. There was no apparent relationship between successful instances of cloning and LI. We have confirmed the observations of Jones et al that lymphoid tumor cells can be cloned from tissues involved by NHL using a soft agar system. The possibility of using such systems for clinical predictive assays of chemotherapeutic drug toxicity toward tumor cells of NHL is discussed. We conclude that further refinements of the assays are desirable before they can be applied to widespread clinical use. PMID- 7231364 TI - Methyl-CCNU, 6-thioguanine, and 5-fluorouracil in advanced colorectal cancer. AB - Consecutive studies were undertaken in advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma, comparing two different schedules of the combination methyl-CCNU, 6-thioguanine, and 5-fluorouracil in 89 patients. The two schedules exhibited similar efficacies, with a combined complete and partial remission rate of 17%, a median response duration of 36+ weeks, and a median survival of 53+ weeks. Significant symptomatic benefit was seen in 52% of patients. Toxicity was predominantly hemopoietic and gastrointestinal, being acceptable overall, with only minor qualitative differences between the two protocols. These triple-drug regimens exhibit response rates and survival patterns comparable with those reported for other multidrug combinations and some single agents. It would appear that major improvements in the management of advanced-stage disease must await the availability of more efficacious agents used alone or in combination. PMID- 7231365 TI - Psychological late effects of leukemia in children and their prevention. AB - The psychological and intellectual sequelae of childhood leukemia and its treatment were examined in 48 children with acute leukemia in long remission. Verbal and performance IQ values were determined in addition to full scale IQ. Performance was worse than the verbal IQ in children who were less than six years old at the time of diagnosis. Cranial irradiation even in repeated doses of 2,400 rads had no effect on these children's intellects. Most of the patients, however, showed severe emotional problems when constructing their "world" from given objects. The frequency and severity of these emotional problems could be much alleviated by regular psychological care. PMID- 7231366 TI - [Helminth removal from sewage sediment with thiazone]. PMID- 7231367 TI - [Indirect hemagglutination reaction in the diagnosis of the early phase of opisthorchiasis. I. A method of isolating erythrocyte samples and the results of their diagnostic use in experimental opisthorchiasis in golden hamsters]. PMID- 7231368 TI - [Efficacy of different methods of preparing an echinococcal erythrocyte antigenic test sample]. PMID- 7231369 TI - [Main scientific and practical tasks in controlling helminthiases in the 11th Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 7231370 TI - [Factors affecting the effectiveness of chemotherapy in opisthorchiasis. II. Treatment of opisthorchiasis in the chronic stage]. PMID- 7231371 TI - [Circadian hepatic activity of golden hamsters in the acute phase of opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 7231372 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative changes in the serum proteins of cotton rats infected with Alveococcus multilocularis cystic larvae]. PMID- 7231373 TI - [Mutagenic activity of the anthelmintic preparation trichlorophene]. PMID- 7231374 TI - [Hemolytic effect of primaquine and the protective properties of sodium formate in vitro]. PMID- 7231375 TI - [Biotopic distribution and the dynamics of the activity of blood-sucking biting midges, Culicoides pulicaris punctatus, in the southern Urals]. PMID- 7231376 TI - [Biological study of Far Eastern trematodes and the epidemiology of the diseases they cause. IV. The characteristics of paragonimiasis foci in Amur region]. PMID- 7231377 TI - [Congenital erythroid hypoplastic anemia (Josephs-Diamond-Blackfan disease): description of a case]. PMID- 7231378 TI - Accessory diaphragm. PMID- 7231379 TI - Use of human diploid cell vaccine for preexposure prophylaxis against rabies in human volunteers. PMID- 7231381 TI - Care of the dying/hospice. PMID- 7231380 TI - Rheumatology corner--polymyositis. PMID- 7231382 TI - The abortion decision--perspective: counseling. PMID- 7231383 TI - Neurological and ophthalmological complications of mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7231385 TI - American Medical Association. American medicine in the 1980s. PMID- 7231386 TI - Minnesota coalition on health care costs--private utilization review. PMID- 7231384 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the pregnant uterus following voluntary interruption of pregnancy. PMID- 7231387 TI - Family centered health care. PMID- 7231388 TI - Skin and arthritis. PMID- 7231389 TI - Effect of calmodulin on dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity in rat striatal membranes. PMID- 7231390 TI - A comparative study of the interaction of chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine, and promethazine with mouse brain tubulin. PMID- 7231391 TI - Steric mapping of the L-methionine binding site of ATP:L-methionine S adenosyltransferase. PMID- 7231392 TI - Thymidylate synthetase as target enzyme for the inhibitory activity of 5 substituted 2'-deoxyuridines on mouse leukemia L1210 cell growth. PMID- 7231393 TI - Differential cytotoxicity and DNA cross-linking produced by polymeric and monomeric activated analogues of cyclophosphamide in mouse L1210 leukemia cells. PMID- 7231394 TI - Block of glutamatergic excitatory synaptic channels by chlorisondamine. PMID- 7231395 TI - Membrane spectroscopy. PMID- 7231396 TI - To the problem of biologically active conformation of enkephalin. AB - A semi-rigid structural analog of [Leu5] enkephalin, possessing the azo-bridge between Tyr1 and Phe4 residues, was synthesized, along with two other linear enkephalin analogs: [4'-amino Phe4] enkephalin and [4'/hydroxyphenyl/-azo Phe4] enkephalin. The results of the determination of the analgesic activity of the synthesized compounds suggest that the biologically active conformation of the enkephalin molecule should be such that both aromatic rings, Tyr1 and Phe4, are situated in close proximity. PMID- 7231397 TI - The dependence of glycosyltransferases in Dictyostelium discoideum on the structure of polyisoprenols. AB - Mannosyltransferases in plasma membranes of Dictyostelium discoideum synthesize polyisoprenylphosphomannosides from exogenous polyisoprenylphosphates and GDP mannose. The specificity of the enzymes depends on the chain length and the saturation of the polyisoprenols. Maximum activity is reached by a alpha saturated C-55 polyisoprenylphosphate. PMID- 7231398 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of bovine gingival AB collagen. AB - Limited proteolysis with pepsin solubilized 25% of the insoluble gingival matrix as mainly soluble collagenous material. Fractional salt precipitation at neutral pH resulted in the separation of types III and I at 1.8 and 2.6 M NaCl, respectively. In addition, a collagenous fraction accounting for 2% of the solubilized collagen and precipitating at 4.5 M NaCl was shown to be identical with type V collagen. Isolation and partial characterization of the constituent alpha-chains of the 4.5 M PPT by gel filtration, ion exchange and hydroxylapatite chromatography as well as disc electrophoresis showed that gingival type V collagen contains alpha A and alpha B chains in a ratio alpha B/alpha A of 1.73 1.8. Electron microscopic examination of ATP-precipitates showed that this collagen type gave only one kind of SLS aggregates with asymmetric band pattern characteristically different from that of type I collagen. The data provide evidence that gingival AB collagen is a heteropolymer in which the alpha A and alpha B chains are assembled in the same macromolecule in a 1:2 ratio. PMID- 7231399 TI - Porcine beta-lactoglobulin A and C. Occurrence, isolation and chemical properties. AB - The occurrence of the dominant 'whey' protein in samples of milk from 1180 sows is examined. It exhibits genetic polymorphism with some unusual features. Although immunologically different from bovine beta-lactoglobulin, it is shown by chemical studies of the isolated protein to be a beta-lactoglobulin. Two homozygous genetic variants, designated porcine beta-lactoglobulin A and C, are isolated and their amino acid compositions and peptide maps compared. It is shown that the C variant has +1 His, -1 Gln, and +1 Asp, -1 Glu, with respect to the A variant. These variants, containing ca. 162 residues per molecule, are considered in relationship to porcine beta-lactoglobulins isolated by other workers. The sequence of the first 50 residues is determined and compared with the sequence of the bovine protein. The sequences of ca. 70% of the remaining residues is proposed on the basis of the composition of tryptic peptides and assumed homology. PMID- 7231400 TI - Porcine alpha-lactalbumin A and B. AB - The occurrence of the 'whey' protein, alpha-lactalbumin, in pig (Sus scrofus) milk samples from 904 sows is examined. A semi-discontinuous buffer system has been developed to detect the existence of genetic polymorphism. There are two homozygous variants, designated A and B. Both variants are isolated and it is shown by peptide and sequencing studies that the A variant differs from the B variant by having an Arg residue substituted for the Lys residue at the N terminus of the molecule. The sequence of the first thirty residues is determined and compared with those of related alpha-lactalbumins. PMID- 7231402 TI - [Lattice model for globular protein three-dimensional structure]. AB - A discrete, completely determined model is proposed which allows rough evaluation of the polypeptide chain folding in globular proteins with given amino acid sequence. The growth of a self-avording chain begins from the N terminal and is confined by the diamond lattice with prohibition of contacts in the neighbouring junctions of the lattice. The aim function is calculated as the sum of the contributions due to the contacts through the junction as well as the contributions connected with beta sheets. The optimal conformation is found by maximizing the aim function using the cut off method. The model is applied to the trypsin inhibitor and ribonuclease S, provided that the contributions of contacts through the lattice junction are caused by hydrophobic interaction between residues. The results of calculations are shown to depend on the depth of looking over as well as on the parametrization of the aim function. A parametrization is proposed which gives the radia of gyration and matrices of interresidue contacts on agreement with experimental data. The limitations of the lattice model are discussed in connection with the results obtained. PMID- 7231403 TI - [Properties of satellite DNA of Citrus limon]. AB - DNA components of C. limon were preparatively separated by equilibrium ultracentrifugation in CsCl density gradient (buoyant density of the main component in CsCl density gradient--1,693 g.cm-3; satellite component--1,712 g.cm 3). The properties of individual DNA fractions were investigated. One third of satellite DNA melts in broad interval of temperature, the rest--at a higher temperature as a narrow peak, containing two components. The half breadth of transition temperature of the peak is 3 degrees. By the kinetics of reassociation it is shown, that 64% of satellite DNA is presented by a fast reassociating component with length of a repeated unit approximately 1,8.10(3) nucleotide pairs. Calculations, carried on the basis of the values of t m and buoyant density show, that satellite DNA per one cytosine residue contains 1,36 5 methylcytosine. In density gradients of actinomycin D--CsCl and Hg2+--Cs2SO4 satellite DNA is divided into several components. PMID- 7231404 TI - [Nomographic representation of McLachlan's statistics for the analysis of local similarity between amino acid sequence]. AB - Using McLachlan's method of probability calculation and amino acid compositions of 108 protein families, the changeability of probability distribution of local similarity of amino acid sequences on the composition of the sequences has been investigated. Probability distributions were shown to have high degrees of constancy and nearly coincide with the distribution corresponding to the composition averaged upon all families. Using this average composition, cumulative probability distributions corresponding to sequence regions compared (of 3, 4, ..., 50 residues long) have been calculated and draws for "unitary", "genetic", "physico-chemical" and "evolutionary" matrices of amino acid similarity. These statistical nomogramms may be employed for quick non-computer evaluation of the significance of local amino acid similarity. PMID- 7231401 TI - Reactivity of sulphydryl groups of cytosolic and mitochondrial bovine aspartate aminotransferases. AB - Reactivity of sulphydryl groups of cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferases from ox heart has been studied. A total of 5 and 7 cysteine residues per monomer are present in cAATo and mAATo, respectively. In native conditions only a single sulphydryl group can be titrated by Nbs2 while the catalytic activity remains unchanged, however in the mitochondrial isozyme the reactivity depends on the functional state of the enzyme. Reactivity toward NEM reveals the existence of a syncatalytic sulphydryl group in the cytosolic isozyme. Titration of cAATo with pMB at pH 8 and pH 5 confirms the existence of two exposed sulphydryl groups with a different reactivity. The results compared with those reported on the corresponding isozymes from pig and chicken heart show that syncatalytic sulphydryl groups are of general occurrence in these enzymes. PMID- 7231405 TI - [Influence of ligands characteristic of selective binding on DNA helix-coil transition. II. Expansion of DNA melting curves into constitutents. Inverse problem of melting of the block heterogeneity DNA. Determination of the content ratio of binding centers to DNA degree of helicity]. AB - The method for determination of distribution density function of base pairs at blocks with different GC-content in DNA (p(kappa)) was developed. For this purpose a differential melting curve is expanded into constituents possessing Gaussian form. Dependences of the content ratio of DNA ligand binding centres of different kinds at helical and coil regions were expressed through p(kappa). These dependences are used for calculation of the ligand influence on a helix- coil transition. It is shown that in spite of incorrectness of p(kappa) determination, the problem of determining content ratio of different kind binding centres expressed through p(kappa) is a correct problem. PMID- 7231407 TI - [Electron transfer in hemoproteins. III. Physico-chemical characteristics of autoxidation of sperm whale oxymyoglobin]. AB - The influence of pH, temperature and ionic strength on the autoxidation of sperm whale oxy-Mb is described and the data obtained are discussed. The process depends on the ionization of two groups with pKeff approximately or equal to 6. They are not accessible histidines of Mb. There are two parallel processes of autoxidation and each of them have a different temperature dependence. Two regions of ionic strength of opposite influence on the rats of autoxidation both at "low" (10 degrees C) and "high" (30 degrees C) temperatures were found. PMID- 7231406 TI - [Mechanism of ATP-dependent DNAse purified from sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius embryos]. AB - Supercoiled DNAs of the SV40 virus and phi X174 phage have been studied under the effect of ATP-dependent DNase purified from sea urchin embryos. The studies showed a relaxing activity of the enzyme in relation to the supercoiled DNA. The supercoiled DNA treated with the enzyme in the absence of ATP was ultracentrifuged in a linear (5-20%) alkali sucrose gradient and the DNA preparations obtained by Davis formamide technique were examined by electron microscopy to demonstrate accumulation of double stranded DNA (RFIII). After addition of ATP to the incubation mixture only relaxed (RFII) and supercoiled (RFI) molecules of circular DNAs were observed among the products of enzyme hydrolysis of supercoiled DNAs. PMID- 7231409 TI - I. An overview of deinstitutionalization and community adjustment. PMID- 7231408 TI - [hyperchromic spectra of DNA complexes with phenosafranine and distamycin A]. AB - Least squares have been applied to study the hyperchromic spectra of thermal denaturation of the complexes of DNA with distamycin A and phenosafranine. Respective components of hyperchromic spectra were found and used to describe the melting of A.T and G.C base pairs and the dissociation of the dye. The interaction of distamycin A with DNA is A.T-specific; this specificity is manifested by inversion of stability of A.T. and G.C base pairs in the course of thermal denaturation. In contrast interaction of phenosafranine with DNA shows only little A.T-specificity. The migration of the ligand is followed as a function of temperature, maximum concentration of the bound ligand is attained at 55-57 degrees for phenosafranine and 65-68 degrees for distamycin A. PMID- 7231410 TI - Interviewing mentally retarded persons: issues and strategies. AB - One of the most important findings of the study was that mentally retarded people can and are eager to provide complex and moving accounts of their experiences in returning to community life. Interviewers can be trained, through instruction, experience and role-playing, to elicit this information in a causal atmosphere which removes the risk of failure to answer properly and avoids the pressure to please the interviewer. The most important ingredients are patience and well constructed questions, without forced categories and without ambiguous or complex phrasing. The information collected provides in-depth and highly provocative insights into the experience of retarded persons returning to community life. PMID- 7231411 TI - Issues and interviewing mentally retarded persons: an empirical study. PMID- 7231412 TI - Qualitative methods and cultural perspectives in the study of deinstitutionalization. PMID- 7231413 TI - Recent growth and status of community residential alternatives. PMID- 7231414 TI - Crime, deviance and normalization: reconsidered. PMID- 7231415 TI - Residential placement and adaptation of severely and profoundly retarded individuals. PMID- 7231416 TI - Change over time in the community: findings of a longitudinal study. AB - The findings of this study indicated that: a) the aspects of community functioning included in this study were relatively stable over a two-year period; b) when change did occur, it tended to be toward the end of the two-year period; c) ability level (basic skills) was related to community functioning more consistently than age, gender, or the environmental variables included in these analyses; d) relationships with ability were more frequent following approximately 10 months in the community than prior to that time; and e) there is a possibility that the time period around 10 months after entry into the community is a particularly difficult time and warrants further investigation. PMID- 7231418 TI - Factors related to the quality of community adjustment in family care homes. PMID- 7231417 TI - Return of retarded adults to natural families: issues and results. PMID- 7231419 TI - Foster family care for mentally retarded people: a qualitative review. PMID- 7231420 TI - Matching developmentally disabled client characteristics to careprovider and employer preferences. PMID- 7231421 TI - A study of small family care for mentally retarded people. PMID- 7231422 TI - Early perspectives on the community adjustment of mentally retarded people. PMID- 7231423 TI - Deinstitutionalization: trends and difficulties. PMID- 7231424 TI - A systems approach to community living skills training. PMID- 7231425 TI - Placement type and client functional level as factors in provision of services aimed at increasing adjustment. PMID- 7231426 TI - Comparative adaptive and maladaptive behavior of mentally retarded clients of five residential settings in three Western states. PMID- 7231427 TI - Service paths prior to clinic use by mentally retarded people: a retrospective study. PMID- 7231429 TI - A conceptual approach to deinstitutionalization of the mentally retarded: a perspective from the experience of the mentally ill. PMID- 7231428 TI - Deinstitutionalization: phase II. PMID- 7231430 TI - A qualitative approach to the study of community adjustment. PMID- 7231431 TI - Community adaptation and the impact of deinstitutionalization. PMID- 7231432 TI - Some conceptual and methodological issues in studying the community adjustment of deinstitutionalized mentally retarded people. PMID- 7231433 TI - Sitosterol. PMID- 7231434 TI - The effect of phencyclidine on noradrenaline uptake by bovine chromaffin granules. AB - The effects of the psychotomimetic drug, phencyclidine, on the reserpine sensitive uptake of (-)noradrenaline, on the reserpine resistant uptake of tryptamine, and on catecholamine release were studied in vitro using bovine chromaffin granules. Phencyclidine inhibited the uptake of (-)noradrenaline and tryptamine in a concentration-dependent manner. It caused 50% inhibition of ( )noradrenaline uptake at 2 X 10(-4)M and of tryptamine uptake at 7 X 10(-4)M. Release of catecholamines was not affected by phencyclidine at 0 degree C and pH 6--8 in concentrations up to 8 X 10(-3)M, whereas at 37 degrees C the drug (4 X 10(-3)M) caused a release that was increased when the pH was raised from 6 to 8. Since the effects of phencyclidine on chromaffin granule uptake and release are observed at high concentrations of the drug only, there is no evidence that these effects are relevant to the in vivo effects of the drug. PMID- 7231435 TI - Peripheral catecholamines mediate certain responses to central cholinergic receptor stimulation by oxotremorine. AB - The role of peripheral catecholamines in mediating the pressor and tremorigenic effects of oxotremorine were investigated in conscious rats. At time of peak tremor intensity induced by oxotremorine, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were increased 3--4-fold. Tremor intensity was substantially reduced by either adrenal medullectomy, chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine, or injection of 2.5 mg/kg L-propranolol. The pressor response to oxotremorine was not reduced by adrenal denervation, which however prevented the usual rise in plasma adrenaline but not that of noradrenaline. It is concluded that central cholinergic receptor stimulation activates the sympatho-adrenal system. While both adrenaline and intact sympathetic nerves are necessary for the mediation of the full tremorigenic effect, the pressor response to oxotremorine is mainly due to the effect of noradrenaline on vascular alpha-receptors. PMID- 7231437 TI - Biochemical characterization of muscarinic receptors. AB - Characteristics of the binding mechanism to specific muscarinic sites were determined by means of high affinity binding of tritium labeled N-methyl-4 piperidylbenzilate (4-NMPB) to homogenate from various regions of mouse brain: cortex, caudate putamen, thalamus, hippocampus, medulla pons and cerebellum. In vivo experiments confirm results obtained when investigating regional distribution of the muscarinic receptors in vitro. Kinetics as well as equilibrium analysis of the binding in the different brain regions to probe the nature of the binding is described. The combined data strongly support the conclusion that mouse brain exhibits functional heterogeneity of muscarinic receptors. PMID- 7231436 TI - Characteristics of serotonin receptors in the rat brain. AB - Two biochemical methods are currently available for studying 5-HT receptors in the central nervous system. The first consists of measuring the specific high affinity binding of 3H-5-HT to synaptic membranes. The other derives from the discovery of an adenylate cyclase which can be activated by 5-HT in brain homogenates. Whereas the specific 3H-5-HT binding is measurable in young as well as in adult rats, the 5-HT-sensitive adenylate cyclase can be quantitatively estimated only during the first three weeks following birth. Later on, the increment of adenylate cyclase activity produced by 5-HT is too low to permit valid measurements, notably in tissues from adult rats. Studies on the effects of various agonists and antagonists demonstrated that the specific binding site characterized by a high affinity for 3H-5-HT (Kd = 1.5 nM) exhibited the expected properties of a 5-HT receptor in brain. Performing chemical lesions on serotoninergic neurons by an intracerebral injection of 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine or the blockade of central 5-HT receptors by the peripheral administration of methiothepin resulted in a subsequent increase in the number of specific binding sites for 3H-5-HT particularly in the hippocampus (+30 to +45%). In contrast, preliminary attempts to detect any supersensitivity of the 5-HT-sensitive adenylate cyclase after selective raphe lesions were unsuccessful. Indeed, several observations strongly suggested that the high affinity binding site for 3H-5-HT did not correspond to the 5-HT receptor coupled to adenylate cyclase in synaptic membranes: 1) the apparent affinity of the 5-HT-sensitive adenylate cyclase for 5-HT was about 300 times lower (Kd = 0.5 microM) than that of the specific 3H-5-HT binding site; 2)the ontogenic evolutions of 3H-5-HT binding and 5-HT-sensitive adenylate cyclase were not parallel, notably in the hippocampus; 3) they were differently affected by several drugs. For instance, quipazine, a putative 5-HT agonist, effectively displaced 3H-5-HT from its specific binding site (Ki = 0.23 microM) whereas it did not affect 5-HT-sensitive adenylate cyclase. In conclusion, it is likely that the high affinity binding site for 3H-5 HT and the 5-HT-sensitive adenylate cyclase belong to two different postsynaptic 5-HT receptors in the rat brain. PMID- 7231438 TI - Does rigidity in structure of muscarinic agonists and antagonists reflect drug specificity? AB - The present work is an attempt to elucidate: (1) whether highly rigid structural analogs of acetylcholine are still capable of activating the muscarinic receptor; (2) whether such analogs, be they agonists or antagonists, discriminate among the various ACh-mediated functions, thereby providing a tool for the study of a possible receptor heterogeneity; (3) whether structural rigidity is a significant factor in the kinetics of drug-receptor interaction. To this end, we investigated some properties of drugs in the spiro-(1,3-dioxolane-4,3')-quinuclidine system (SDQ) which embodies the muscarinic pharmacophore in a framework of utmost rigidity. Wherever possible, these properties were compared with those of a closely related but more flexible analog. Variation in effect between members of a rigid-flexible pair or among drugs of varying rigidity is considered to reflect varying affinities towards various sites of action. 2-Methyl-spiro-(1,3-dioxolane 4,3')-quinuclidine (AF-30) is a weak but selective muscarinic agonist. It can be viewed as a highly rigid version of 3-acetoxyquinuclidine (3-AcQ) and it can be used as a probe for detection of heterogeneity among muscarinic receptors. AF-30 is equipotent with 3-AcQ in causing tremors (mice), but has 1/17th the activity of 3-AcQ in the guinea-pig ileum, 1/30th in lowering blood pressure (cats) and 1/10th in inducing analgesia (mice). 2-Diphenylmethyl-spiro(1,3-dioxolane-4',3) quinuclidine (AF-41) and 2.2-diphenyl-spiro-(1,3-dioxolane-4,3')-quinuclidine (AF 32 are potent antagonists and possess KD values in the same range as those of the more flexible congener 3-diphenylacetoxy-quinuclidine (AF-43) and atropine (0.6- 2 nM) but with koff = 0.1 msec-1 (AF-41) and koff = 1 msec-1 (AF-43) (carp atrium). Thus, duration of drug action of drug action at the receptor is a function of structural rigidity in the drug molecule, termination of action being fastest with the flexible molecules. Differences in rigidity among various antagonists also find expression in an unequal distribution of potencies in various tests; thus the rigid antagonists differentiate between two central effects in mice, viz., prevention of oxotremorine-induced tremors and fall from the rotating rod by a factor of 1:20 (especially AF-41 versus AF-43), whereas the more flexible antagonists (AF-43, atropine or even 3-quinuclidinyl-benzilate) do not show such as a selectivity. The existence of heterogenous muscarinic receptors can be inferred from data presented. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed. PMID- 7231440 TI - Irreversible phosphorylation of brain neurotoxic esterase. The primary event leading to the delayed neuropathy caused by some organophosphorus esters. AB - Organophosphorus compounds which cause delayed neurotoxic effects phosphorylate a characteristic nervous-tissue protein and inhibit its activity as an esterase. Studies with a variety of inhibitors reveal that the toxic effect does not occur because of the loss of esterase activity but depends on the chemistry of the inhibited enzyme. A process analogous to the 'aging' of inhibited cholinesterase occurs after neurotoxic esterase has been inhibited by neurotoxic agents which leaves a charged acidic group attached to the membrane-bound esterase. This charge could disrupt normal metabolism in the neurone. Protective compounds inhibit neurotoxic esterase but the 'aging' process cannot occur, so that there is no formation of a charged group. Neurotoxic esterase occurs widely in the brain. Attempts are being made to locate the enzyme intraneuronally. The present understanding is of great value in toxicology. However, it has not yet clarified the physiological processes which maintain long axons in normal health. PMID- 7231439 TI - Pyridinium salts as organophosphate antagonists. AB - By a standard screening in vivo, a series of pyridinium salts were tested for their protective activity against organophosphate poisoning. In order to obtain information about the protective mechanisms, several biochemical properties of these compounds were investigated in vitro, viz., their influence upon the enzymes cholineacetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), reactivation and aging of phosphylated AChE, protection of AChE against phosphylation and their 'direct reaction' with the phosphylating agent. Both in vitro and in vivo several significant structure-activity relationships exist, which in some cases can be correlated, thus allowing an interpretation of the in vivo results on a biochemical basis. Thus the reactivating potency of bispyridinium-4-aldoximes towards diethylphosphoryl-AChE correlates well with the corresponding in vivo results when these compounds are used as antidotes against paraoxon poisoning. In the case of a treatment of soman poisoning the vivo results with a homologous series of oxime-free bispyridinium salts shows a reasonably good correlation with their protective action in vitro. The protective mechanisms of bifunctional bispyridinium monooximes remain uncertain. Several approaches to clarifying this question are discussed in detail. PMID- 7231442 TI - Dominantly inherited peroneal muscular atrophy (hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I) in infancy and childhood. AB - A detailed clinical and electrodiagnostic study has been undertaken of demyelinating polyneuropathy in 14 children (9 male, 5 female) from 11 sibships and their parents. The onset of symptoms was before the age of 2 years in 12 of the 14 children, and the condition in all cases was nonprogressive or very slowly progressive. In each case one of the parents had a slow motor nerve conduction velocity. Five of the 11 affected parents were completely asymptomatic. Electrodiagnostic studies in both parents of all children with demyelinating peripheral neuropathy are thus important to identify the dominantly inherited form of the disease. PMID- 7231443 TI - An experimental morphometric study of neutral lipid accumulation in skeletal muscles. AB - The neutral lipid content of skeletal muscle fibers was determined by computing the lipid accumulation index (LAI) on transverse cryostat sections stained with Oil Red O. The LAI was defined as: (total area of neutral lipid droplets in a fiber) x 100/(total cross-sectional area of a fiber). The biceps, diaphragm, and soleus muscles were studied in 3 groups of guinea pigs: normal animals, animals fasted for 48 hours, and animals subjected to muscle denervation and then fasted for 48 hours. In normal animals, the highest mean LAI was found in the diaphragm (4.93) in comparison with lower values in the biceps (2.25) and soleus (2.09). After fasting, these values were markedly increased; there was also a concomitant increase in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration. Prior denervation further increased the LAI in biceps and soleus but reduced it in the diaphragm. Type 2A fibers tended to show high lipid accumulation when the plasma FFA concentration was high. Type 2B fibers never accumulated much lipid under any circumstances. Type 1 fibers varied in their response in the different muscles. PMID- 7231441 TI - Duchenne muscular dystrophy: unusual activation of single fibers in vitro. AB - Single skinned fibers were prepared from muscle biopsies of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and other neuromuscular diseases. The activation of the contractile system by calcium or strontium ion and the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum were studied. In many fibers of the biopsy specimens from patients with DMD, activation by strontium revealed a pattern intermediate between those shown by the usual type 1 and type 2 fibers. These fibers were generally of smaller diameter and produced less maximal tension than type 1 and 2 fibers. The study of muscle of newborn animals suggests that this unusual pattern of activation might reflect either arrested development or incomplete regeneration after muscle necrosis in the disease. PMID- 7231444 TI - Plasma and red blood cell acetylcholinesterase in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - Red blood cell and plasma cholinesterases were evaluated in control subjects and patients with the major forms of adult, sporadic motor neuron disease. For the purposes of this communication, the patients were considered as having amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or its subtypes. Cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase activities were evaluated and separated by dose response to their respective inhibitors. No kinetic differences were observed comparing red blood cell or plasma enzyme activities using either inhibitor. As found in previous studies, acetylcholinesterase accounted for more than 90% of acetylcholine hydrolysis in red blood cells. The plasma data were more complicated to evaluate, but at least 20% of total activity could be attributed to acetylcholinesterase. When red blood cell acetylcholinesterase activities of patients and controls were compared, no statistically significant difference was found. However, when plasma acetylcholinesterase activity was compared between the 2 groups, a statistically significant increase, almost twice the control value, was found in the ALS patients. These data may ultimately be important in the prognosis of this disease and, conceivably, could aid in understanding its pathogenesis. PMID- 7231445 TI - Acute effects of phenytoin on peripheral nerve function in the rat. AB - The acute effect of intraperitoneal injection of phenytoin on rat peripheral nerve was studied. Conduction velocities in the ventral caudal nerve were measured hourly and phenytoin blood levels were obtained 4 to 5 hours after injection. Conduction velocity decreased by 23% in the 25 phenytoin-treated animals from a control value of 30.0 plus or minus 1.3m/sec (mean plus or minus SEM) to a 4-hour value of 23.0 plus or minus 1.3 m/sec (P less than 0.001). The phenytoin blood level 4 hours after injection was 45.0 plus or minus 1.3 micrograms/ml. Amplitudes of evoked muscle action potentials in the treated group decreased by 37% from control values. High levels of phenytoin induce prompt slowing of nerve conduction velocity within hours, which may be mediated by mechanisms similar to those responsible for toxic central effects. PMID- 7231446 TI - Peripheral neuropathy in spinocerebellar degenerations. AB - Nerve conduction studies have been performed in 19 subject with hereditary spinocerebellar degenerations other than Friedreich ataxia. Clinically, they may be classified as olivopontocerebellar atrophy or cerebello-olivary degeneration. In 9 patients, sensory conduction was abnormal, and in the whole group there was a significant impairment of sensory conduction and mild slowing of motor conduction in the lateral popliteal nerve. Sural nerve biopsies were performed on 5 patients. In 3 cases there was a mild to moderate reduction of myelinated fibers of all diameters; unmyelinated fibers were normal. In 1 patient from a kindred with a spinocerebellar degeneration in which the inheritance was autosomal dominant, neuropathological findings at autopsy confirmed the clinical diagnosis of the Menzel type of olivopontocerebellar atrophy; there was a degeneration of dorsal root ganglion and anterior horn cells as well as of myelinated fibers of all diameters in the sural nerve. PMID- 7231447 TI - Increased rates of myofibrillar protein breakdown in muscle-wasting diseases. AB - The excretion of endogenous creatinine and 3-methylhistidine by subjects with muscle diseases has been measured in order to assess muscle mass and fractional rates of myofibrillar protein degradation. Increases in the rates of myofibrillar protein breakdown were observed in all subjects with Duchenne, Becker, autosomal recessive Duchenne-like, and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy; dystrophia myotonica; myotonia congenita; peroneal muscular atrophy; myasthenia gravis; and central core disease; in some cases of spinal muscular atrophy; but in no cases of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy of dystonia musculorum deformans. All increases in myofibrillar protein breakdown were associated with reductions in muscle proportion below the normal. Muscle-wasting diseases may respond to therapy directed towards an inhibition of muscle protease activity; the efficacy of such therapy can be monitored by the 3-methylhistidine-to-creatinine excretion ratio. PMID- 7231448 TI - Computed tomography of muscle. AB - Computed tomography (CT) scans of skeletal muscles of 3 patients with pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy are presented. Different patterns of muscle alterations and particularly of pseudohypertrophy are described. The significance of the radiological findings for clinical examination, electromyography, and needle biopsy is discussed. PMID- 7231449 TI - Supernormal excitability of human sensory fibers after ischemia. AB - Weak electrical stimuli were applied to sensory fibers of the median nerve at the wrist, and the ascending action potentials were recorded at the elbow. This was done with or without a preceding conditioning stimulus to test for supernormal excitability to the second stimulus. In the resting nerve, supernormal excitability was present from 3 to 20 msec after a conditioning shock. After a period of ischemia, excitability was both exaggerated and prolonged. This observations confirms the presence in sensory fibers of a phenomenon previously described in motor fibers. PMID- 7231450 TI - Pitfalls in the electron microscopic examination of skeletal muscle. PMID- 7231451 TI - Gonyalgia paresthetica. PMID- 7231454 TI - Tinea facei caused by Microsporum gypseum in a two days old infant. PMID- 7231452 TI - Genetic counseling in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7231453 TI - Anaerobic glycogenolytic capacity of external anal sphincter and extraocular muscles of rabbits. PMID- 7231455 TI - Experimental orbital phycomycosis in rabbits. PMID- 7231457 TI - On potential applicability of U. V. radiation in controlling fish-mycoses caused by Dictyuchus anomalus Nagai. PMID- 7231458 TI - Physiological and morphological studies on Mucor tauricus (= Rhizomucor tauricus). PMID- 7231456 TI - [Problems and therapy of organic and systemic mycoses with particular reference to mycosis of the eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231459 TI - Disseminate sporotrichosis - report of a clinical case with mucocutaneous, osteo articular, and ocular lesions. PMID- 7231460 TI - Female reproductive potential after treatment for Hodgkin's disease. AB - The probability of maintaining ovarian function, becoming pregnant, and delivering a normal child is important to young women anticipating successful therapy for Hodgkin's disease. In this study, reproductive function was retrospectively examined in 103 women 40 years old or younger who had undergone treatment for Hodgkin's disease with total-lymphoid irradiation (TLI) alone, combination chemotherapy, or combined TLI and chemotherapy. Infertility was directly related to gonadal exposure to therapy and to age at treatment. Twenty women became pregnant after receiving total-nodal irradiation or combination chemotherapy or both. No fetal wastage occurred, and no birth defects were seen in the 24 infants born to these women. Even after intensive treatment programs, women successfully treated for Hodgkin's disease have become pregnant and delivered phenotypically normal children. PMID- 7231461 TI - The physician and the hypochondriacal patient. PMID- 7231463 TI - Platelet activation during antigen-induced airway reactions in asthmatic subjects. PMID- 7231464 TI - Mortality in cigarette smokers and quitters. Effect of base-line differences. PMID- 7231465 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 23-1981. PMID- 7231466 TI - Controlling the communicable and the man-made diseases. PMID- 7231462 TI - Association of a history of gallbladder disease with a reduced concentration of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. PMID- 7231467 TI - Sounding board. The New York Court of appeals rules on the rights of incompetent dying patients. The conclusion of the Brother Fox case. PMID- 7231468 TI - Outpatient diagnosis and management of toxic-shock syndrome. PMID- 7231469 TI - Urography, cystography, and cystoscopy in women with urinary-tract infections. PMID- 7231470 TI - Atrial fibrillation after administration of calcium and pentagastrin. PMID- 7231471 TI - Determining the patency of femoral-popliteal bypass grafts. PMID- 7231472 TI - Intravascular guanethidine in the treatment of extravasated vasopressin. PMID- 7231473 TI - Emergency medicine. PMID- 7231474 TI - Sneer review. PMID- 7231475 TI - An English view of the Visa Qualifying Examination. PMID- 7231476 TI - Special report. Working in a camp for Cambodian refugees. PMID- 7231477 TI - Quinidine-rifampin interaction. PMID- 7231478 TI - Relation between erythropoiesis and bone metabolism in thalassemia. PMID- 7231479 TI - IgG subclasses in selective IgA deficiency: importance of IgG2-IgA deficiency. PMID- 7231480 TI - What marrow does to bone. PMID- 7231481 TI - Coal smoke and cigarette smoke. PMID- 7231483 TI - No ill effects from high-dose vitamin C. PMID- 7231482 TI - Clinical response to choline plus piracetam in senile dementia: relation to red cell choline level. PMID- 7231484 TI - Furosemide in inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 7231485 TI - Chromosome translocations in cancer. PMID- 7231486 TI - Single protective isolation in patients with granulocytopenia. PMID- 7231487 TI - Bacteria in food. PMID- 7231488 TI - Neuraminidase activity and free sialic acid levels in the serum of patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. AB - It has been suggested that in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, streptococcal neuraminidase may remove sialic acid from some normal plasma or tissue components, thus rendering it antigenic. We therefore investigated serum neuraminidase activity and serum and urinary free neuraminic acid levels, using the thiobarbituric acid method, in 39 patients with acute poststreptococcal nephritis. Serum neuraminidase activity was found in eight patients, and increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive material (presumed to be free neuraminic acid on the basis of absorption-spectrum similarity) was found in 28 patients. Serial determinations in 21 patients indicated that neuraminidase activity was present only initially and that free neuraminic acid levels decreased with time, usually becoming undetectable after four weeks. Determinations in patients with other renal and nonrenal diseases suggested that the findings were characteristic of poststreptococcal nephritis. Urinary neuraminic acid levels were unrelated to serum levels and were not markedly different between patients and normal subjects. These data suggest a role for neuraminidase activity in acute poststreptococcal nephritis, but they do not indicate whether it is primary or secondary. PMID- 7231489 TI - Traumatic acute subdural hematoma: major mortality reduction in comatose patients treated within four hours. AB - To discover which factors contributed to recovery after surgical intracranial decompression, we reviewed the records of 82 consecutive comatose patients with traumatic acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) who were treated in a single center under a uniform protocol. The delay from injury to operation was the factor of greatest therapeutic importance. Patients who underwent surgery within the first four hours had a 30 per cent mortality rate, as compared with 90 percent in those who had surgery after four hours (P less than 0.0001). Other important prognostic variables included results of the initial neurologic examination, sex, multimodality-evoked potentials, and postoperative intracranial pressure (ICP). If all patients with traumatic ASDH were taken directly to hospitals equipped to diagnose and remove the hematoma within four hours of injury, mortality rates could be reduced considerably. PMID- 7231490 TI - Successful treatment of fetal congestive heart failure secondary to tachycardia. PMID- 7231491 TI - Heroin: a medical "me too". PMID- 7231492 TI - Treatment of patients with intracranial hematomas. PMID- 7231493 TI - Restoring America's role in international graduate medical education: the need for new FMG legislation. PMID- 7231494 TI - Does colectomy protect against breast cancer? PMID- 7231495 TI - The role of lead in gout nephropathy. PMID- 7231496 TI - Hyperammonemic encephalopathy and urinary obstruction. PMID- 7231497 TI - Migration of 111 In-labeled granulocytes to infection sites. PMID- 7231498 TI - Renal tubular acidosis. PMID- 7231499 TI - Myelopathy secondary to hyperthermia after spinal-cord irradiation. PMID- 7231500 TI - Financial indebtedness of medical-school graduates. PMID- 7231501 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome and the 1978-1979 influenza vaccine. AB - An ongoing surveillance program was intensified to determine whether an increased risk of acquiring vaccine-related Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) (similar to that observed after vaccination with the A/New Jersey swine-influenza vaccine in 1976) existed for the approximately 12.5 million adults (greater than or equal to 18 years old) vaccinated in the 1978-1979 influenza campaign. In the contiguous United States (excluding Maryland) 544 cases of GBS with onset between September 1, 1978, and March 31, 1979, were reported, including 12 adults who had been vaccinated within eight weeks before the onset of GBS and 393 who had not. The relative risk of vaccine-associated GBS for adults reported in this surveillance was 1.4 (95% confidence limits, 0.7 to 2.7)--significantly below the risk (6.2) associated with A/New Jersey vaccine for the equivalent eight-week period. In contrast to the A/New Jersey vaccine, the 1978-1979 influenza vaccine was not associated with a statistically significant excess risk of GBS. PMID- 7231502 TI - Kawasaki syndrome: description of two outbreaks in the United States. AB - Investigation of two outbreaks of Kawasaki syndrome (KS) in the United States in 1979 and in 1980 revealed no evidence of person-to-person transmission or of a common-source exposure among patients. Questionnaire data showed that KS was more likely to occur in children of middle and upper socioeconomic status than in those of lower status (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001 for the respective outbreaks) and that patients with KS had a higher incidence of an antecedent, primarily respiratory illness than did controls matched for age, sex, and race (83% of patients in the first outbreak vs. 30% of one control group, P less than 0.01, and vs. 36% of another control group, P less than 0.02; and 56% of patients in the second outbreak vs. 32% of their controls, P less than 0.02). However, laboratory studies did not identify an etiologic agent for either KS or for the antecedent illness that may be a risk factor for KS. PMID- 7231503 TI - Inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by nifedipine. PMID- 7231504 TI - Recurrence and reoperation for Crohn's disease: the role of disease location in prognosis. PMID- 7231505 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 26-1981. PMID- 7231506 TI - Crohn's disease--50 years later. PMID- 7231507 TI - Coffee and cancer of the pancreas. PMID- 7231509 TI - Radiation-induced myelomatosis. PMID- 7231508 TI - Leukopenia and low incidence of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7231510 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobin and late complications of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7231511 TI - Decreased serum HDL3, cholesterol levels in cirrhosis of the liver. PMID- 7231512 TI - Pitfalls of Hemoccult testing of gastric aspirates. PMID- 7231513 TI - CPK values in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 7231515 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 27-1981. PMID- 7231516 TI - Sounding Boards. State approval of foreign medical schools: ensuring the quality of the training of the students and graduates from foreign medical school entering New York State. PMID- 7231514 TI - Scintigraphic localization of pheochromocytoma. AB - We used a new radiopharmaceutical agent, [131I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine ([131I]MIBG), to produce scintigraphic images of pheochromocytomas in eight patients. One day or more after injection, the only normal organ that displayed distinct concentrations of radioactivity was the urinary bladder. The [131I]MIBG was probably concentrated in adrenergic vesicles; in tissues where vesicles are numerous, such as pheochromocytomas, the radionuclide was retained for days. The spectrum of pheochromocytomas shown the scintigrams was broad: intra-adrenal and extraadrenal in location, benign and malignant in character, 0.2 to 65 g in weight, and with different hormone patterns in secretion. Tumors in four patients were not detected by computed tomography. In one patient, reoperation was undertaken only because the scintigram located the extra-adrenal tumors and thereby directed the surgeon's exploration. The method offers hope of safe and reliable localization of pheochromocytomas in their many guises. PMID- 7231517 TI - Treatment of gout. PMID- 7231518 TI - Complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7231519 TI - Tamoxifen in carcinoid syndrome. PMID- 7231521 TI - Recombinant DNA guidelines wear thin. PMID- 7231520 TI - IgG antibodies to phosphorylcholine exhibit more diversity than their IgM counterparts. AB - An amino acid sequence analysis of the N-terminal immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable regions (VH and VL) from 16 hybridoma proteins which bind phosphorylcholine as well as the complete sequence analysis of 9 of these VH regions is presented. There seem to be more VH regions participating in the phosphorylcholine response than can be encoded directly by germ-line VH gene segments. Moreover, the V regions from IgG antibodies are considerably more variable than those from their IgM counterparts. These observations raise the possibility that a somatic mechanism for V region diversification produces greater diversity in IgG than in IgM antibodies. PMID- 7231522 TI - Primary structure of a murine transplantation antigen. PMID- 7231523 TI - Major rearrangement in the human beta-globin gene cluster. PMID- 7231524 TI - Retinal projection in a non-visual area after bilateral tectal ablation in goldfish. AB - If, in the adult goldfish, one optic tectum is ablated, the regenerating optic axons from the contralateral retina innervate the remaining tectum, where they form a retinotopically ordered map. The pathway for this induced ipsilateral projection coincides with many of the pathways which normally connect the two tecta, but early in regeneration the optic fibres also enter non-visual centres to which there are degenerating tectal efferent pathways to follow. We have therefore now investigated the fate of regenerating optic axons in goldfish from which both optic tecta have been removed; they are found to innervate non-visual centres, where again they generate a retinotopic map. PMID- 7231525 TI - Positional signal transmission in the developing chick limb. AB - It has been suggested that the pattern along the antero-posterior axis of the embryonic developing chick limb arises from a gradient of diffusible morphogen produced by a special region of cells on the posterior margin of the limb bud, called the polarizing region. Grafts of posterior polarizing-region tissue to an anterior site in an embryonic chick wing bud result in mirror-image duplication of the limb bud; typically three extra wing digits are produced (Fig. 1f, g). Direct evidence for a long-range signal has, however, been lacking, and recently it has been suggested that chick wing development might better be understood as resulting only from local, neighbour-neighbour-like interactions of the sort postulated to occur during regeneration of insect and amphibian limbs and insect imaginal disks. As we report here, operations were performed in which chick wing buds were made host to grafts of leg bud responding tissue adjacent (posteriorly) to a grafted polarizing region (Fig. 2). The results showed that the pattern signal from the polarizing region can be transmitted through the leg tissue over distances of tens of cell diameters. PMID- 7231526 TI - Neurotensin blocks certain amphetamine-induced behaviours. AB - Bilateral injections of either neurotensin (NT; 0.3, 1 or 5 micrograms in 1 microliter artificial CSF) or haloperidol (HA; 2.5 or 5 micrograms in 1 microliter 0.3% tartaric acid) into nucleus accumbens of rats markedly diminished the forward locomotion and rearing induced by d-amphetamine (AM; 2 mg per kg, IP). Neither NT nor HA affected the insomnia or sniffing component of AM arousal. Isovolumetric intra-accumbens injections of artificial CSF or the endogenous decapeptide, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH; 3 micrograms), did not affect AM behaviours. Since intra-accumbens injections of NT (1 microgram) or HA (2.5 micrograms) neither altered forward locomotion or rearing observed in untreated rats placed in an open field nor a variety of reflex activities, the observed effects of NT and HA in AM-treated rats were probably not due to impaired motor function per se. In contrast, NT does not produce neuroleptic-like effects when injected into nucleus caudatus; HA (5 micrograms) blocked stereotyped sniffing, licking, biting and head bobbing observed after AM (5 mg per kg, IP), but NT (3 or 5 micrograms) did not. Since NT and dopamine are present in substantial quantities in the nucleus accumbens, NT may act in the nucleus accumbens to modulate dopaminergic function. PMID- 7231527 TI - Location of domains in globular proteins. AB - Although it has become widely accepted that domains are the basic units of structure, function and evolution in proteins and it is thought that proteins with complex functions evolve by fusion of genes coding for individual domains, the domains are not uniformly defined. Most commonly, domains are simply the compact and more or less loosely connected areas apparent from a visual inspection of protein models; to avoid subjectivity and ambiguities inherent in visual inspection, certain computer algorithms for location of these 'structural' domains have recently been proposed. An alternative interpretation is that domains are stable protein fragments found in biochemical experiments. I regard them as 'globular fragments' which may refold autonomously and carry specific functions, and I propose here a method for location of these globular fragments based on surface area measurements. Applied to several proteins the globular fragments found often coincide with structural domains or are contained within them. In particular the globular fragments found in globins correlate with the two structural domains proposed previously, and do not correlate with the three coding sequences separated by introns in the haemoglobin genes. PMID- 7231528 TI - O2 binding properties of the product of the central exon of beta-globin gene. AB - The hypothesis that the exons of eukaryotic structural genes code for functional domains and that the partitioned arrangement of coding information may thus serve to mediate the rapid evolution of new and unique proteins from pre-existing exons is also supported by our recent studies which demonstrate that the product of the central exon of the human beta-globin gene is a complete functional domain capable of binding haem tightly and specifically. Moreover, an analysis of the structure/function changes induced by mutations in different parts of the haemoglobin molecule suggests that each of the three exon-encoded segments is primarily associated with different functions of haemoglobin (for example, haem binding, haem-haem interaction). We have now extended our studies to determine whether the central fragment is sufficient for maintenance of a stable complex of ferrous haem with molecular oxygen and, if not, what are the minimal requirements for the expression of this activity. The results of our reconstitution experiments indicate that the isolated central exon peptide is unable to maintain a ferrous haem-dioxygen complex unless the side exon products and the complementary haem-containing subunit are present. A conformational change which accompanies the noncovalent association of fragments may account for the restoration of reversible oxygen binding. PMID- 7231529 TI - Spatial frequency analysis in vision. PMID- 7231530 TI - Correlation of DNA exonic regions with protein structural units in haemoglobin. AB - The discovery of intervening sequences (introns) in DNA led Gilbert and Tonegawa to suggest that a new protein could have been produced by bringing together certain segments of pre-existing ones. However, Blake argued that if DNA was so organized that coding sequences (exons) correspond to structural as well as functional units of proteins, then combinations would be much more likely to yield a stable globular conformation through being 'sums of parts'. In immunoglobulin heavy chain, four separate exons encode four different units, all with distinct functions and three of which have clear domain structures. However, in haemoglobin, which has no obvious domain structure, no clear conformational characteristics have so far been recognized for the segments encoded by exons. From a close inspection of their conformations by drawing various stereodiagrams and the Calpha-Calpha distance map, I now propose a conformational characterization of the segments as structural units. PMID- 7231531 TI - Hooked on microtubules. PMID- 7231532 TI - What are mast cells for? PMID- 7231533 TI - Molecular cloning and characterization of cDNA sequences coding for rat relaxin. AB - Using a synthetic oligonucleotide primer, cloned DNA fragments, each containing the entire coding sequence of rat relaxin, have been isolated from a clone 'bank' of ovarian mRNA sequences. The nucleotide sequence of these clones demonstrates that relaxin is synthesized as a preprorelaxin molecule with an unexpectedly large connecting peptide of 105 amino acid residues. PMID- 7231534 TI - Voice pitch as an aid to lipreading. AB - The totally deafened adult, unable to make use of a hearing aid, has no alternative to lipreading for everyday communication. Lipreading, however, is no substitute for hearing speech. Many lipreaders have great difficulty in ideal conditions and even the best lipreaders find the task demanding and tiring. Prosthetic attempts to substitute for lost hearing have centred on three distinct types of intervention, visual, tactile, and electrocochlear. As none of these is likely to yield a good understanding of a speech independent of lipreading in the near future, we have attempted to isolate relatively simple patterns of stimulation that, although not intelligible in themselves, well aid lipreading. From this point of view, the fundamental frequency or 'pitch' of the voice is the most important pattern element because if provides both segmental and suprasegmental information and is practically invisible. It thus complements the visual information already available on the face. As we show here, with the voice pitch presented acoustically, normal listeners can lipread a speaker reading continuous text at up to two and a half times the rate possible on the basis of lipreading alone. The pitch signal by itself, of course, is completely unintelligible. Although our work is primarily concerned with methods of electrical stimulation of the cochlea, it has implications for other sensory substitution techniques, the design of special purpose hearing aids and current theories of speech perception. PMID- 7231535 TI - Stimulation of aldosterone production by beta-melanotropin. AB - Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that a non-ACTH pituitary factor(s) is important in the regulation of aldosterone secretion in certain conditions. Earlier studies have suggested that beta-melanotrophin (beta-MSH) has only weak steroidogenic potency on the adrenal gland in the rat, but recently Challis et al.5 and Rudman et al.6 have reported that alpha- and beta-MSH have a trophic action on fetal adrenal gland. However, little is known about the effect of beta MSH on aldosterone production. We recently reported that beta-lipotropin (beta LPH) stimulates aldosterone production in rat capsular cells. As the amino acid sequence of beta-MSH is contained within the beta-LPH structure, we have now investigated the aldosterone-stimulating activity of synthetic beta-MSH. Our results indicate that beta-MSH causes a dose-dependent increase in aldosterone production in rat capsular cells which is blocked by a synthetic beta-MSH analogue. The synthetic hormone does not increase corticosterone production in decapsular cells. PMID- 7231537 TI - The responsibility of scientists. PMID- 7231536 TI - Corticosteroid-binding globulin and corticosterone interaction with progesterone receptors. PMID- 7231538 TI - Blood lead concentrations reconsidered. PMID- 7231539 TI - Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by the apical ectodermal ridge of chick limb bud. PMID- 7231540 TI - Denervated endplates have a dual population of junctional acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 7231541 TI - Direct transfer of a lysosomal enzyme from lymphoid cells to deficient fibroblasts. PMID- 7231542 TI - Diazepam induces mitotic arrest at prometaphase by inhibiting centriolar separation. PMID- 7231543 TI - Structural homologies between prealbumin, gastrointestinal prohormones and other proteins. PMID- 7231544 TI - Cerebellar modelling. PMID- 7231545 TI - Malaria vaccine protects offspring. PMID- 7231546 TI - Cortical effects of monocular deprivation: suppression or deafferentation? PMID- 7231547 TI - Why mammalian gametes don't mix. PMID- 7231548 TI - Understanding natural killer cells. PMID- 7231549 TI - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II of plant origin transcribes viroid RNA into full length copies. AB - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II purified from healthy plant tissue is capable of synthesizing linear (-)-viroid RNA copies of full length from (+)-viroid RNA templates in vitro. Together with the specific alpha-amanitin sensitivity of viroid replication observed in vivo, these findings suggest that viroids replicate by an entirely novel mechanism in which infecting viroid RNA molecules are copied by the host enzyme which is normally responsible for the synthesis of nuclear precursors to messenger RNA. PMID- 7231550 TI - The role of GABAergic inhibition in the cortical effects of monocular deprivation. PMID- 7231551 TI - Morphine and delta-opiate agonists locally stimulate in vivo dopamine release in cat caudate nucleus. PMID- 7231552 TI - Sodium current depression by lidocaine and quinidine in isolated ventricular cells. PMID- 7231553 TI - Calcitonin selectively stimulates 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase in proximal straight tubule of rat kidney. PMID- 7231554 TI - In vivo effect of anti-asialo GM1 antibody on natural killer activity. PMID- 7231555 TI - Transcriptional regulation of mouse liver metallothionein-I gene by glucocorticoids. PMID- 7231556 TI - Synthesis and characterization of (2'-5')ppp3'dA(p3'dA)n, an analogue of (2' 5')pppA(pA)n. PMID- 7231557 TI - Low-angle X-ray scattering of chromatin. PMID- 7231558 TI - Congress complains. PMID- 7231559 TI - Collagen evolution. PMID- 7231560 TI - Neuropeptides: do they integrate body and brain? PMID- 7231561 TI - Vasopressor receptor antagonist prevents behavioural effects of vasopressin. PMID- 7231562 TI - Life from an orderly cosmos. AB - Recent astrophysical studies suggest a high degree of order in the inanimate universe, stemming from cosmic beginnings. This state is consistent with the nonrandomness observed experimentally in the thermal polymers of amino acids that figure as an early inanimate stage in organic evolution. The various stages in inanimate matter, protocells, and evolved cells and the degree of order that they represent comport with the second law of thermodynamics on a cosmic scale. PMID- 7231563 TI - Microbial production of primary metabolites. AB - Microbial production of primary metabolites contributes significantly to the quality of life. Through fermentation, microorganisms growing on inexpensive carbon sources can produce valuable products such as amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids, and vitamins which can be added to food to enhance its flavor or increase its nutritive values. The contribution of microorganisms will go well beyond the food industry with the renewed interest in solvent fermentations. Microorganisms have the potential to provide many petroleum-derived products as well as the ethanol necessary for liquid fuel. The role of primary metabolites and the microbes which produce them will certainly increase in importance. PMID- 7231564 TI - Inhibition of transmethylases by unsaturated carbonyl derivatives. PMID- 7231565 TI - Studies on sweeteners requiring the simultaneous presence of both the NO2/CN and COO- groups. PMID- 7231566 TI - Cross-reaction of anti-asialoganglioside sera with human blood group N antigen. PMID- 7231567 TI - Serotonin-receptor-mediated modulation of Ca2+-dependent 5-hydroxytryptamine release from neurones of the rat brain cortex. PMID- 7231568 TI - The rate constants for the efflux of deaminated metabolites of 3H-dopamine from the perfused rat heart. AB - Hearts of rats pretreated with reserpine and FLA 63 were perfused for 30 min with 1 mumol/l 3H-dopamine and in the presence of an inhibitor of either neuronal (30 mumol/l cocaine) or extraneuronal uptake (87 mumol/l corticosterone). From the rate at which the deaminated metabolites appeared in the venous perfusate and from the tissue content of the metabolites at the end of the perfusion rate constants for efflux (k-values) were determined. The k-values for the deaminated metabolites of dopamine did not differ when the deamination of dopamine was restricted to either extraneuronal or neuronal sites. However, marked differences existed between the rate constant for efflux of the deaminated acid DOPAC (dihydroxyphenyl-acetic acid) and the glycol DOPET (dihydroxyphenyl-ethanol). The relationship between the apparent lipophilicity and the rate constant for efflux of DOPAC fitted very well with that reported for other metabolites of catecholamines. PMID- 7231569 TI - The neuronal and extraneuronal uptake and deamination of 3H-(-)-phenylephrine in the perfused rat heart. AB - The neuronal and extraneuronal uptake and deamination of 3H-(-)-phenylephrine was studied in perfused rat hearts obtained from reserpine-pretreated animals. 1. Under the conditions of steady-state perfusion with 5 mumol/l 3H-(-) phenylephrine slightly more than 50% of total deamination took place in adrenergic nerve endings, slightly less than 50% in the extraneuronal tissue. 2. 3H-(-)-phenylephrine is preferentially deaminated to the glycol metabolite. 3. There is pronounced non-saturable, cocaine- and corticosterone-resistant uptake of 3H-(-)-phenylephrine in the perfused rat heart. 4. The apparent rate constants for the efflux of the glycol metabolite is about 20 times higher than that for the efflux of the acid metabolite. 5. For both the glycol and the acid metabolite of 3H-(-)-phenylephrine, apparent rate constants for the efflux declined when the duration of the perfusion with the labelled parent amine was prolonged. This phenomenon was also observed when the deamination of 3H-(-)-phenylephrine was restricted to either the adrenergic nerve endings or the extraneuronal tissue. These results are interpreted as evidence for a distribution of each metabolite into at least two kinetically different compartments. 6. This was confirmed for the acid metabolite by determination of a biphasic efflux curve in wash-out experiments in which MAO was inhibited during wash-out (after an initial loading of the adrenergic nerve endings with 3H-(-)-phenylephrine). PMID- 7231570 TI - Pre- and postsynaptic effects of muscarinic agonists in the guinea-pig ileum. PMID- 7231571 TI - A comparison of the actions of acetylcholine and bradykinin on the guinea pig ileum. AB - Procaine (8.5 x 10(-5) M) inhibited the action of acetylcholine but not that of bradykinin on the guinea pig ileum. Attempts were made to identify the difference in stimulus-response coupling which would explain this difference in sensitivity. The responses to both agonists were dependent upon the presence of Ca2+ in the extracellular fluid, were inhibited to approximately the same extent by the addition of 0.25 mM Mn2+ to the bathing fluid and were equally sensitivity to reduction in Na+ concentration of the extracellular fluid. Neither acetylcholine nor bradykinin could provoke ileal contraction when Sr2+ was substituted for Ca2+. Thus there was no indication of the difference in the stimulus-response pathways for the two agonists which must exist to explain the differential sensitivity to procaine. PMID- 7231572 TI - Pharmacology of the neurogenic oedema response to electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve in the rat. AB - The pharmacology of the early and delayed phases of the neurogenic oedema responses to electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve was studied in anesthetized rats using a quantitative Evans blue dye leakage technique. The immediate response to 5 min nerve stimulation was not reduced by aprotinin or mepyramine in combination with methysergide. However the response measured 10 min later and also that to 15 min nerve stimulation were reduced by these agents indicating that kinins and mast cell amines might be released after some delay, but they did not contribute significantly to the early phase of the response. Results with indomethacin indicated that prostaglandins were not involved in the later phase of the response. Bacitracin which has been reported to potentiate the sialogogic effect of substance P, the most likely candidate for primary mediator of neurogenic oedema, was without effect on the early phase of the response. Morphine, which has been suggested to inhibit stimulus-evoked substance P release from primary afferent terminals, reduced the early phase of the neurogenic oedema response but it also reduced blood pressure. Both effects were abolished by naloxone and thus it is likely that the reduction in the neurogenic oedema response was due to the depressor action of morphine. In confirmation of previous findings, capsaicin pretreatment of both adult rats and rats as neonates resulted in marked reduction of the neurogenic oedema response without effect on the vascular permeability response to substance P. PMID- 7231573 TI - The effects of adenosine-5'-ethylcarboxamide on liver blood flow and hepatic glucose, lactate and pyruvate balances in dogs. AB - The actions of adenosine-5'-ethylcarboxamide (744-96), a long-acting adenosine analogue, on liver, portal and intestinal balances of glucose, lactate and pyruvate and on hepatic and portal blood flow were investigated in 6 chloralose anaesthetized mongrel dogs. 744-96 led to an increase in portal and hepatic blood flow. Glucose release by the liver and glucose uptake by the non-hepatic splanchnic area (portal balance) were markedly increased by 744-96. Hepatic lactate and pyruvate balances were reversed from uptake to release by the adenosine analogue. The changes in glucose balances compare closely to the actions of glucagon, which is known to be released by 744-96. Apart from these possible glucagon-mediated actions, a direct action of the adenosine analogue must be assume from the changes in lactate metabolism. The results of this study are indicative of a substrate-mobilising action of adenosine in addition to its well-known vasodilatory action. PMID- 7231574 TI - [Amniotic fluid analysis in the 2d pregnancy trimester]. PMID- 7231575 TI - [Neurologic-psychiatric symptoms in hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7231576 TI - [Multiple endocrine type 2b neoplasms]. PMID- 7231577 TI - [Actinomycosis of the colon]. PMID- 7231578 TI - [Family physician reprimanded because repeat examination of a feverish infant was not carried out soon enough]. PMID- 7231579 TI - [Missed diagnosis of posterior dislocation of the humeral head]. PMID- 7231580 TI - [A mentally retarded male with multiple congenital anomalies, epilepsy and trisomy 9p and partial monosomy 17q]. PMID- 7231581 TI - [Significance of auditory brainstem responses for clinical-neurological diagnosis]. PMID- 7231582 TI - [Symptoms and lesions of knees and ankles in former 1956 professional soccer players]. PMID- 7231583 TI - [Cysts of the parathyroid glands]. PMID- 7231584 TI - [Teratogenic effect of coumarin derivatives]. PMID- 7231585 TI - [Tubal torsion, a late complication of sterilization?]. PMID- 7231587 TI - [Children as war victims]. PMID- 7231586 TI - [Pregnancy and anticoagulation]. PMID- 7231588 TI - [Group discussions for patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7231589 TI - [Pulmonary emphysema, a lost cause?]. PMID- 7231590 TI - [Lung diseases and work disability]. PMID- 7231591 TI - [A brief telephone survey among family physicians in relation to the television broadcast about the treatment of breast cancer with iridium]. PMID- 7231592 TI - Perinatal report, Nebraska Perinatal Society. PMID- 7231593 TI - The Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center. PMID- 7231594 TI - The left arm left out syndrome or left ulnar nerve compressive neuropathy. PMID- 7231596 TI - Premalignant cervical disease: screening, diagnosis, and management. PMID- 7231597 TI - The Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center. PMID- 7231598 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 7231595 TI - Status of Department of Otolaryngology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska. PMID- 7231600 TI - The development and cause of housestaff unionization--a case study. PMID- 7231599 TI - Campylobacter jejuni diarrhea in Nebraska. PMID- 7231601 TI - [Functional characteristics of visual cortex neurons in the squirrel]. AB - The main functional classes of neurons in the squirrel visual cortex are described. The following classes were revealed on the basis of the receptive field organization and the pattern of response to visual stimuli: direction-non selective neurons (14%), direction-selective neurons (30%), orientation-selective neurons (49%); 7% of neurons were unclassified. Direction-selective neurons and some non-selective ones were specifically sensitive to high speed of the stimulus movement (hundreds deg/s). Orientation-selective neurons differed in the degree of on- and off-zones overlapping; they may include analogues of simple and complex neurons. PMID- 7231603 TI - [Synaptic processes in red nucleus neurons induced in the cat by stimulation of the substantia nigra]. AB - Peculiarities of synaptic processes in red nucleus neurons evoked by stimulation of various parts of substantia nigra and cerebellar interposital nucleus were studied in acute experiments in cats using an intracellular recording technique. Such stimulation is stated to induce mono- and polysynaptic activation of the rubrospinal neurons. Great similarity is found in developing monosynaptic cerebellar and nigral excitatory effects. Convergence of these influences onto the same rubro-spinal neurons is revealed. Functional significance of inputs from substantia nigra to the red nucleus for performance of movements is discussed. PMID- 7231602 TI - [Interaction of effects of functionally different zones of the cerebral cortex on the caudate nucleus neurons in the cat]. AB - Extracellular recording from the caudate nucleus neurons was performed in experiments on immobilized cats during paired stimulation of anterior sigmoideus and middle suprasylvius gyri. The findings indicate that the two cortical areas influence these neurons, the motor cortex having a greater influence on caudate neurons than the association cortex. The same interaction was recorded after a deep transcortical dissection between the stimulated areas. PMID- 7231604 TI - [Reaction of cerebellar Purkinje cells to mechanical stimulation of the Achilles tendon]. AB - Responses of the cerebellar Purkinje cells to the mechanical stimulation of the Achilles tendon were investigated in experiments on unanaesthetized decerebrated cats. It is shown that in about 2/3 of the registered Purkinje cells the responses to mechanical stimulation of the Achilles tendon were activated by climbing fibre input, i. e. they generated a complex spike. In about a half of these cells (group "A") the probability of the climbing fibres responses was high (0.5-0.9) and the latency of the response was short (20-25 ms). The climbing fibres responses with latency above 35 ms and low probability (less than 0.5) were attributed to cells to group "B". The Purkinje cell responses evoked by the mossy fibre stimulation were more variable in pattern and more weakly expressed than the climbing fibres ones. PMID- 7231605 TI - [Effects of peripheral nerve, lateral reticular nucleus, and inferior olive stimulation on cerebellar fastigial nucleus neurons in the cat]. AB - Activity of fastigial neurons to stimulation of fore- and hindlimb peripheral nerves and the brain stem structures (lateral reticular nucleus and inferior olive) transmitting the mediated peripheral impulsation to the cerebellum was studied intracellularly in cats under slight nembutal anaesthesia. Stimulation of nerves evoked excitation in most of the neurons recorded which displayed repeated discharges to each single stimulus. Latencies of responses were distributed into three main groups. Prevailing values of latencies suggest the transmission of peripheral impulses via slow and, partly, fast spinocerebellar pathways. Stimulation of the lateral reticular nucleus and inferior olive was accompanied by mono- and polysynaptic, as well as antidromic activation of fastigial neurons. Monosynaptic and antidromic activation of the neurons are considered as a proof of direct reticulo- and olivofastigial projections and feedback in these inputs to the fastigial nucleus. PMID- 7231606 TI - [Reactions of reticular formation neurons in the rat during functional suppression of the cortical representation of the extremity stimulated]. AB - Responses of single neurons of the reticular formation were studied in the unanaesthetized immobilized rats. Local cooling of the cortical sensory representation of the stimulated forepaw evoked reversible changes in the responses of most studied units (60 of 86) in different nuclei of the reticular formation. The responses of 25 cells changed only during stimulation of the paw the sensory cortex of which was cooled. The changes of the other unit responses to the same stimulus were more strong (in 13 neurons) or almost equal (in 22 neurons) to the changes in responses to the stimulation of the another paw the sensory projection of which was not cooled. The data suggest that local alteration of the signal transfer in the cortex changes the conditions for the transfer of the same signal in the reticular formation. PMID- 7231607 TI - [Effect of rhythmic stimulation of the locus coeruleus on spinal inhibition induced by activation of flexor reflex afferents in the cat]. AB - Locus coeruleus rhythmic stimulation of 40/s frequency and 50-150 micro A current intensity diminished the inhibitory action from flexor reflex afferents on extensor monosynaptic reflexes in anaesthetized decerebellized cats. Such an effect appeared 600 ms after and reached maximum 1500-1700 ms after the locus coeruleus stimulation. The depression of inhibition was maintained during 2-3 s after cessation of the stimulation. No effect was observed when locus coeruleus was stimulated by a single stimulus or by a short high-frequency pulse train of the same current strength. An increase of the stimulation intensity evoked activation of neighbouring structures. The advantages of the rhythmic stimulation for revealing the influences of slow conducting pathways are discussed. PMID- 7231608 TI - [Reorganization of segmental reactions to peripheral stimulation during fictive scratching in the cat]. AB - Segmental reflex responses of the lumbosacral spinal cord to peripheral afferent stimulation were investigated in immobilized decerebrated cats before and after d tubocurarine or bicuculline application to the upper cervical segments and during fictitious scratching evoked by mechanical stimulation of the pinna. Application of these drugs led to a decrease of N1 component of the cord dorsum potential, dorsal root potential and polysynaptic responses in efferent nerves. The appearance of fictitious scratching was accompanied by additional tonic inhibition of these reactions and against its background the modulation of amplitudes of segmental reactions depending on the fictitious scratching phase was observed. Modulation of monosynaptic reflexes was also observed during fictitious scratching. Mechanisms and physiological significance of retuning of segmental reflex responses during activation of a spinal scratching generator are discussed on the basis of the data obtained. PMID- 7231609 TI - [Certain nonlinear properties of motor reactions induced by motor cortex stimulation in the unanesthetized cat]. AB - Nonlinear properties of muscle contraction evoked by macrostimulation of motor cortex were studied in chronic unrestrained cats. Frequency modulated stimulation pulse train was used, the modulation was performed by low frequency (0.2 +/ 10.0 Hz) harmonical signal. Time decrement of the evoked muscle contraction was accompanied by a pronounced increase in its phase lag which reached 20-30 degrees after 3-4 periods of stimulation. The phase lag increase was also observed with diminishing of stimulation intensity. When stimulus intensity varied from 1.7 to 1.2 threshold, the maximal increment of the phase lag reached 30-40 degrees. Possible mechanisms of the observed nonlinear properties of the motor signal transformation are discussed. PMID- 7231610 TI - Immunogenicity of methylcholanthrene-induced tumors tested by draining lymph node assay in syngeneic rats. AB - The immunogenic properties of MC-induced and not metastasizing tumors were tested in inbred Wistar and August strains by the aid of lymphocyte stimulation in syngeneic draining lymph nodes in the comparison with the opposite ones. The lymphocyte stimulation was estimated in vitro by the spontaneous incorporation of 3HTdR. It was found that the peak of the first response of draining lymph nodes was noted on the 7th day after injection of syngeneic tumor cells. This antitumor response was specific because: 1. the second immunological response of draining lymph nodes to the same tumor cells developed earlier and was higher than the first response and 2. the rats previously immunized with MC-induced tumor, and then challenged with syngeneic sarcoma or syngeneic fibroblasts exhibited the lack of the second response and only some cross-reactivity was observed by the use of the other MC-induced sarcoma. MC-induced tumors appeared earlier and more frequently in August than in Wistar strain, the level of syngeneic draining lymph node response to immunogenic tumors was higher in August than in Wistar rats despite of the lack of difference between the percentages of immunogenic tumors arising in these two rat strains. PMID- 7231611 TI - The influence of hepatocarcinogens on the central effects of phenobarbital an D amphetamine. AB - The influence of two hepatotropic chemical carcinogens - 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) on the processes of adrenergic activation of central synaptic structures and narcotic effect of phenobarbital was investigated. AAF and NDEA modified the stimulating effect of D-amphetamine which was demonstrated by the decrease of stereotype behavior interval and increase of its toxicity. Both carcinogens potentiated the narcotic effect of phenobarbital. The investigation of the terminal component of hepatic mixed-function oxidases system (cytochrome P-450) during carcinogen injections allows to exclude the great importance of D-amphetamine and phenobarbital metabolic variation in modification of their effects. The results of experiments assume the concept of chemical carcinogen effects on the functions of central and peripheral nervous system synaptic structures related to control of the proliferation and differentiation as initial step in hepatic carcinogenesis. PMID- 7231612 TI - Chromatin structure, number, volume and position of nucleoli in rat hepatocyte after treatment with benzo(a)pyrene and N-acetylaminofluorene. AB - In Wistar rat liver, after the acute treatment with two carcinogenic substances - benzo(a)pyrene and N-acetylaminofluorene - changes involving the nucleus are observed 2, 4 and 6 hours later. The electron-microscopic aspect of the chromatin, as well as the number and volume of nucleoli are altered. The parameters considered (number, mean volume and total nucleolar volume related to nuclear number) showed a movement of the nucleoli inside the nucleus from and towards the nuclear membrane, as a reaction to the chemical oncogenic stress. Thus, there is a relative variation of the number of nucleoli which come into contact with the nuclear envelope or occur within the nucleus. The number and volume are increased 2 hours after the treatment in the case of the nucleoli placed close to the nuclear membrane; the same process is observed after 4-6 hours in nucleoli located centrally. In the experiments described, the reversibility of most of these changes 24 hours after the treatment appears as being the rule. PMID- 7231613 TI - A prospective study of lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin in melanoma patients. (lack o prognostic value of correlation with minimal tumor burden). AB - Clinical findings in 63 patients with malignant melanoma were compared with the results of PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation tests. The patients had been followed up for 1 to 60 months (average 16 months) and repeatedly tested at regular intervals. Reactivity of lymphocytes in stage I patients was not altered if compared with that of controls. The frequency of lowered values increased in more advanced stages. Only in stage II patients a significantly impaired PHA lymphocyte transformation was demonstrated in comparison with controls. In stage I and II patients, there was no significant difference in lymphocyte transformation between those with the presence of tumor and those without clinically evident tumor. Prognostic value of PHA transformation tests as regards the appearance of distant metastases within two years after the first examination, could not be proven in patients at initial stages of melanoma. PMID- 7231614 TI - The blood volume and splenic red cell pool in hairy cell leukemia. AB - Investigating the splenic red cell pool in 7 patients with hairy cell leukemia we have found unusually high values of retained erythrocytes (means 527 ml, SD 264) with a range from 300 to 998 ml. This amount represents on average 26% of the total red cell mass. The blood volume in these patients ws 26% greater than predicted by NADLER et al. Following splenectomy, the hemoglobin improved with 49.3% (SD 29.1). PMID- 7231615 TI - Skin reactivity to dinitrochlorobenzene in cancer patients. AB - Delayed skin hypersensitivity to DNCB was evaluated in 179 patients with cancer and in 71 control subjects. Cancer patients had a lower incidence of positive reactions than controls (50.2 vs. 84.5%, p less than 0.001). Incidence of impaired skin reactions in cancer patients varied according to the tumor type. Reactivity was most depressed in patients with lymphatic tumors (23.3% positive results) and least depressed in those with male genitourinary cancer (64.3% positive results). The number of positive results was significantly higher in cancer patients with localized tumor than in those with disseminated disease (60.2% vs. 44.1%, p less than 0.05). DNCB reactivity correlated well with the subsequent course of disease. Incidence of positive results in patients who had remained free of disease after 12 months of follow-up (64.3%) was significantly higher than in patients who had progressive disease (33.3%) or who died of disease (44.8%). PMID- 7231616 TI - Thyroidectomy as a pathogenic factor in the evolution of thyroid cancer. AB - In a group fo 860 patients with thyroid cancers (TC), 66 were found having had thyroid surgery for benign disorder more than 5 years before the diagnosis of TC. More than 70% of these patients were operated upon 10 or more years ago. The incidence of cancers developing in thyroid postsurgical remnants could thus be estimated to 5.5-7.7% of all thyroid cancers. These patients had predominantly follicular cancers and usually were older than 40 years at the age of diagnosis of TC. Unusually high incidence of distant metastases (pulmonary or osseous) was proved compared to other patients with TC, while the increase of patients having both pulmonary and osseous metastases was not found. It seems that the risk of developing TC late after thyroid surgery is somehow connected with endemic goitre areas, as all such reports arise from the central European area. Whichever the pathogenic mechanism may be, all patients following surgery for benign eumetabolic goitres should be checked up in regular intervals with regard to the possible benign or malignant recurrence. Patients operated upon because of hyperthyroidism do not seem to carry any similar risk. PMID- 7231617 TI - [Differential diagnosis of torticollis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231618 TI - [Recanalization of the internal carotid artery in a case of prolonged reversible ischemic neurological deficit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231619 TI - [Frequency and localisation of angiographically detectable morphological wall alterations in the craniocervical vessels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231620 TI - [Headache due to dilatation of intracranial arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231621 TI - [EEG-findings in 44 selected patients with scleroderma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231622 TI - [Lesions of the cervical plexus in patients with traumatic brachial plexus injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231623 TI - [Value of water-soluble contrast myelography in cervical spine injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231624 TI - [Amaurosis fugax with myocardial amyloidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231625 TI - [Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis treatment with anticoagulants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231626 TI - [A case of neurinoma of the trigeminal root (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231627 TI - [Clinical studies of acute traumatic intracranial hematoma in children compared with adults -with special reference to changing patterns of consciousness (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231628 TI - [Neurogenic amyotrophy of the upper extremity caused by a cervical spondylosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231629 TI - [A case report: Osler-Weber-Rendu disease with cerebral aneurysm, cerebral arteriovenous malformation and pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (author's transl)]. AB - Osler-Weber-Rendu disease (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectagia) is a rare vascular disorder which is characterized clinically by inherited telangiectasia of skin, mucous membrane and recurrent hemorrhage. However, it is not rare that various organs, for instance, lung, liver, intestine are inflicted by vascular disorder in this disease, and central nervous system is not an exception. A 60 year old man was examined for repeated epistaxis and an episode of subarachnoid hemorrhage. In this case, left middle cerebral artery aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation fed by left posterior cerebral artery and pulmonary arteriovenous fistula were revealed by angiography and computerized tomography. It is interesting that various vascular disorders were found in one case. PMID- 7231630 TI - [A case of CNS sarcoidosis -case report of hydrocephalus due to mechanical obstruction secondary to sarcoid granulomata at the outlet of the fourth ventricle (author's transl)]. AB - A 28-year old male was admitted to Musashino Red Cross Hospital on June 21, 1975, because of symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and cerebellar dysfunction. Thirteen months prior to admission he had a mild fever, tremor of right arm, headache, nausea and unsteady gait, but made a gradual recovery in about 40 days. A month prior to admission he had unsteady gate again wit dizziness, photophobia and lacrimation. Gait disturbance aggravated and he was admitted to another hospital, where he developed recent memory disturbance and cloudiness of consciousness. Spinal tap revealed initial pressure of 280 mm CSF. So a mass lesion possibly in the posterior fossa was suspected and the patient was referred to the neurosurgical department of musashino Red Cross Hospital. On admission he was moderately disorientated and disturbed in recent memory. Wide based gait, horizontal and vertical nystagmus were also noted. Angiography revealed rounding of the curve of the pericallosal artery but no space occupying lesions. External ventricular drainage was performed on July 25, 1975. After the operation, his orientation improved without change in dizziness, nystagmus and recent memory disturbance. Ventriculography showed hydrocephalus with cisternography revealed a block at the basal cisterns. PPDs was negative and typical sarcoid tubercles were found in the biopsy specimen of the cervical lymphnode. Kveim test was positive. But repeated chest roentgenogram failed to show bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, or other changes consistent with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Steroid therapy resulted in marked symptomatic improvement. PMID- 7231631 TI - [Abdominal complications of V-P or L-P shunt operation --a bowel perforation and historical review (author's transl)]. AB - We have experienced a case of shunt tube perforation into the transverse colon in which a Pudenz infantile V-A shunt tube was installed for a hydrocephalic baby. The shunt operation was performed at a year and one month of his age in this patient and bowel perforation was disclosed and corrected twenty months following the operation. From a retrospective point of view, however, slight sign of meningitis could be suspected two months earlier and judging from his symptoms of transient intracranial hypertension, the bowel perforation might be traced back even earlier. In the past twenty year history of V-P shunt maneuver, quite a number of papers on various kinds of specific complications have been reported. On reviewing these reported cases out of English and Japanese literature, numerous abdominal complications such as twenty-eight perforations, fifty CSF ascites or pseudocysts, three umbilical perforations, two vaginal perforations, five migrations into scrotum, and some volvulus and bladder perforations can be collected. These are summarized and discussed briefly in this paper. PMID- 7231632 TI - [Solitary spinal epidural angiomas-reports of three cases with special reference to spinal epidural hematoma (author's transl)]. AB - Solitary spinal epidural angiomas are rare. Of 114 cases of spinal angiomas reported in a recent monograph of Pia and Djindjian, only twenty-nine were angiomas locating exclusively in the spinal epidural space. We have recently experienced such a spinal epidural angioma in 3 patients. One of them, aged 18, developed transverse spinal syndrome, and a venous angioma was found at operation as the cause of bleeding. Reviewing the available literature, we could find only 7 such cases with an angioma confirmed by histologic study as a source of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. All but one were young patients aged 19 or more. In patients with spinal epidural hematomas, particularly those in youth, vascular malformations should be seriously suspected as a cause of bleeding. PMID- 7231633 TI - [Subdural effusion following radical surgery for chiasmal region tumors in children--report of 4 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of subdural effusion following radical surgery for the chiasmal region tumors in childhood were presented in this report. Three out of four cases were craniopharyngioma and the remaining one was optic glioma. The pathogenetic mechanisms of this disorder were explained probably and at least partly by a change from internal to external hydrocephalus or craniocerebral disproportion due to cerebral atrophy in two of the four cases and unclear in the remaining two cases. In all four cases meningitis did not supervene postoperatively. The subdural effusion may be divided into two types according to symptomatology, i.e., "serious type" which presents with severe symptoms and "mild-type" which is virtually asymptomatic. The serious type required immediate surgical procedure, such as continuous subdural drainage and subduroperitoneal shunt, while the mild type should be carefully monitored for the course of subdural effusion by CT scan. PMID- 7231634 TI - The development of periventricular lesions in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea-pigs: a light and scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Periventricular lesions in the centrum semiovale are the most frequent changes in the brain in chronic relapsing experimental encephalomyelitis in guinea-pigs. They are generally distributed symmetrically at the lateral angle of the ventricular wall. The number of lesions and their size increases in anterior posterior direction. Typically periventricular lesions in the later chronic stages are similar to those in multiple sclerosis. Earlier lesions generally originate in the depth of the white matter and secondarily, by extension, reach the ventricular surface. Lesions developing at later stages after sensitization may also originate from the ventricular wall and extent into the centrum semiovale. In these latter, severe structural changes in the ventricular ependyma may generally be found. Increased intracranial pressure in these animals may be one of the possible mechanisms leading to the peculiar topographical distribution of the periventriuclar lesions. PMID- 7231635 TI - The suprahabenular recess in the rat: a quantitative study of ciliated cells, supraependymal cells and some specific features of supraependymal fibres. AB - Using light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, an extensive quantitative analysis of ciliated ependymal cells, supraependymal cells and supraependymal fibres in the suprahabenular recess of twenty-two adult Wistar rats was carried out. In addition, six animals were used to determine the origin of supraependymal fibres and their relationship to ependyma. The findings were as follows: ciliated cells-mean 3.32 +/- 0.26 per 1000 micron 2 (range 0-10); supraependymal cells-5.91 +/- 1.37 per recess (range 2-16). Average number of cilia per cell in different animals ranged from 31 to 33. Sex did not influence the density of ciliated ependyma or supraependymal cells. Evidence was obtained that some supraependymal fibres are closely associated with aberrant commissural fibres. The supraependymal fibres enter the suprahabenular recess and form gap junctions, and other types of junctions, with subjacent ependyma. PMID- 7231636 TI - Neurofibrillary pathology and protein synthetic capability in nerve cells in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Nucleolar volume was measured in nerve cells of the temporal cortex in cases of Alzheimer's disease, obtained at both biopsy and autopsy. Measurements were made on those nerve cells containing neurofibrillary tangles and also on ones free of such changes. Results showed that nucleolar volume is significantly reduced, by at least 40%, in both tangle and non-tangle bearing cells, in both biopsy and autopsy cases, when compared with corresponding values from appropriate control cases. Furthermore, in the autopsy cases, nerve cell nucleolar volume was reduced by a further 30% in tangle bearing cells compared to non-tangle bearing neighbours. No such difference was noted in these cells in the biopsy cases. These findings imply that alterations in protein synthetic capability occur in nerve cells early in the course of Alzheimer's disease, and that this change is not, at least in these initial stages, related to accumulation of neurofibrillary material within the cell body, although later on such accumulation may result in added disruption of cell metabolism. PMID- 7231637 TI - The development of brain tumours produced in rats by the intracerebral injection of neoplastic glial cells: a fine structural study. AB - Tumours were produced by the intracerebral injection of a clone of glial cells derived from a glioma induced transplacentally by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in a BD IX rat. The injection of 5 X 10(5) cells into the left frontal lobe resulted in a 100% incidence of tumours. To follow the development of the neoplasms, the brains were studied from 1 day to 4 weeks after injection. The tumours maintained their glial characters throughout, but their features changed with time. Ultrastructurally, they were pleomorphic: the proportion of fibrillary astrocytes, undifferentiated and intermediate cell types varied according to tumour size. When smaller (1 and 2 weeks), fibrillary astrocytes predominated, but when larger (3 and 4 weeks), the number of undifferentiated astrocytes considerably increased. A reproducible brain tumour model with a short latency has thus been established and characterized, which may be of use for chemo- and radiotherapeutic studies and for examining the mechanisms of cerebral oedema. PMID- 7231639 TI - Schwann cell multiplication in Trembler mice. AB - Peripheral nerves of the mutant mouse Trembler are characterized by a severe myelin deficit and an increased number of Schwann cells. On the basis of radioautographic and quantitative morphologic investigations, the present study documents: i an abnormal persistence of post-natal Schwann cell proliferation in Trembler mouse nerves which, in unaffected animals, are composed of myelinated fibres; ii normal morphology, numbers and proliferation of Schwann cells in the unmyelinated (Remak) fibres of Trembler mice; and iii replication of the increased rate of Schwann cell multiplication as well as the myelin deficit, when segments of Trembler sciatic nerves are transplanted into the sciatic nerves of normal mice. Thus, the continued proliferation of Trembler Schwann cells must be related to the primary inability of these cells to produce and maintain a normal myelin sheath; axonal or general systemic abnormalities do not appear to play a major role in the pathogenesis of these disorders in the Trembler mouse. PMID- 7231638 TI - A survey of ethylnitrosourea-induced rat gliomas for the presence of tumour rejection antigens expressed in vivo. AB - Transplanted lines of seven F-344 (Fischer) rat malignant gliomas induced transplacentally with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) were surveyed by in vivo immunoprotection assays for the presence of tumour rejection antigens. These gliomas were representative of commonplace histological types of human primary brain tumours and were analyzed in early transplantation passages. The classical tumour ligation method of immunizing animals was attempted with five glioma lines, but was found unusable in four of these because of a high incidence of local tumour recurrences and distant metastases. In most experiments the animals were immunized by repeated inoculations of heavily-irradiated tumour cells. Two gliomas, a glioblastoma multiforms and a mixed astrocytoma-ependymoma, demonstrated weak but statistically significant tumour rejection responses. Immunization with three other tumours, a mixed oligodendroglioma-astrocytoma and two glioblastomas multiforme, led to enhanced outgrowth of the challenge cell inocula. Neither a rejection nor an enhancement response was observed in assays of the remaining two neoplasms, a glioblastoma multiforme and a mixed astrocytoma oligodendroglioma. Immunization with a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced urinary bladder carcinoma line, used as a control in assays of six gliomas, had no effect on the outgrowth of transplanted glioma cells. These results suggest that ENU induced malignant rat gliomas do not uniformly elicit strong tumour-rejection responses in vivo. PMID- 7231640 TI - Quantitation and in vitro analysis of the inflammatory cells in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the guinea-pig. AB - Inflammatory cells from the meninges of guinea-pigs with acute EAE have been isolated and quantitated. A mean of 7.5 x 10(6) cells were recovered from the brains of animals showing clinical signs of disease in contrast to only 1.5 x 10(6) cells in the controls. The immunological specificity of the meningeal inflammatory cells was determined using the lymphocyte transformation test and compared with another inflammatory cell population, the peritoneal exudate cells (PECs), in the same animal. The meningeal exudate cells responded only to the mitogen Concanavalin A (Con A) and not to the antigens myelin basic protein and tuberculin (PPD). In contrast, the PECs proliferated in the presence of both antigens and the mitogen. PMID- 7231641 TI - Chronological study of oligodendroglial alterations and myelination in quaking mice. AB - Chronological morphological investigation was carried out in the spinal cord of quaking mice from day 3 to day 130. Numbers of myelinated fibres were far fewer in quaking mice at day 3 compared to controls. However, when the animals became older, myelination progressed and numbers of myelinated fibres increased although myelin sheaths remained far thinner than the size of axons. Many oligodendroglia during day 5 to 15 in quaking mice revealed prominent dilation and proliferation of smooth walled vesicles and cisterns but after 20 days, such changes were no longer observed. Tortuous bizarre oligodendroglial processes, aberrant myelination and myelin figures were very prominent around day 5--15, but such changes also gradually subsided. Density of glial cells during pre-myelination gliosis was similar in both quaking and control mice. However, glial cell population decreased far slower pace than controls when myelination progressed. Thus, glial cell density remained proportionally higher in quaking than controls although the density declined with age in both. PMID- 7231642 TI - Radial component of central myelin in normal and quaking mice. AB - Radial component of myelin sheaths was investigated in C57BL and quaking mice. In immature myelinated fibres of C57BL mice, more than one group of radial component were observed in the several regions of myelin sheaths while in mature fibres, one group of radial component was localized between the internal mesaxon and outer tongue process which were situated within 90 degrees of each other. In thinly myelinated fibres of adult quaking mice, numerous groups of radial component were found at random distance and directions but they were always closely related to the cytoplasmic islands of oligodendroglia. Even in quaking mice, small well myelinated fibres showed normal mature pattern of radial component. Possible functional significance of radial component was briefly discussed. PMID- 7231643 TI - Intracerebral calcification in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus with neurological manifestations. AB - Intracerebral calcification was found in a young child with systemic lupus erythematosus. Vascular lesions characteristic of SLE were widespread and associated with systemic infarcts and multiple infarcts of the brain and spinal cord. The cerebral calcification was also related to blood vessels, but confined to certain regions of the brain. PMID- 7231644 TI - Ultrastructure of Alzheimer type II glia in hepatocerebral disease. AB - In a case of hepatocerebral disease of Inose type the astrocytes, corresponding to Alzheimer type II glia, had swollen cytoplasm containing glycogen granules and focal aggregates of lipofuscin granules. Their nuclei contained bodies of simple and of complex types as well as conglomerates of glycogen granules without any capsules. The nuclear bodies of simple type were also observed in the nuclei of endothelial cells. It is concluded that these changes in the appearance of Alzheimer type II glia suggest reactive and defensive changes in the brain against ammonium ions, rather than being merely degenerative in nature. PMID- 7231645 TI - [The myopathic child's family: a study of 30 Breton families (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231646 TI - [Duchenne de Boulogne myopathies: intelligence and scholarly achievement. The development of the intelligence quotient with age and the cessation of walking (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231648 TI - [Factors influencing the frequency, duration and cessation of breast feeding: a study of 1 100 neonates in Paris (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231647 TI - [Psychomotor development of neonates with bacterial meningitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231649 TI - [The relationship between manner of delivery and certain conditions of the newborn (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231650 TI - [Tics in the child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231651 TI - [Sultopride used at low doses in the older child and adolescent]. PMID- 7231652 TI - Relationship between response to phenelzine and MAO inhibition in a clinical trial of phenelzine, amitriptyline and placebo. AB - This report examines the hypothesis that for phenelzine to be more effective than placebo it is necessary to achieve at least 80% inhibition of platelet MAO activity. This hypothesis was examined in the context of a double-blind comparison of phenelzine, amitriptyline and placebo in depressed patients. When phenelzine became significantly more effective than placebo at 4 weeks, the average MAO inhibition was 85%. By the 5th week, with MAO inhibition greater than 90%, phenelzine was significantly more effective than amitriptyline. A highly significant correlation was noted between improvement and MAO inhibition within the phenelzine group. PMID- 7231653 TI - Use of naloxone in schizophrenic psychoses and manic syndromes. AB - Since 1975, different morphinomimetic peptides have been isolated from hypophyseal-hypothalamic extracts: the pentapeptides methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin, and the longer peptides alpha-, beta- and gamma-endorphin. The primary structure of most of these peptides is also present in that of beta lipotropin. The morphinomimetic properties of endorphins can be blocked with opiate-antagonists. In rats, moreover, the endorphins influence behavior which cannot be blocked with opiate antagonists. On the basis of the hypothesis that hyperactivity of endorphin systems may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and manic syndromes, the effect of opiate antagonists on psychotic and manic symptoms has been examined in a number of clinical studies in the past few years. A transient therapeutic effect has been demonstrated in about 30% of the patients so treated. Our own double-blind controlled study of 5 schizophrenic and 5 manic patients in the context of a World Health Organization project failed to reveal any therapeutic effect after subcutaneous injection of 20 mg naloxone. The possible reasons of the negative results are discussed. PMID- 7231654 TI - Interaction between phonological and semantic factors in auditory comprehension. PMID- 7231655 TI - The complex tone test: implications for the assessment of auditory laterality effects. PMID- 7231656 TI - Right hemisphere language and cognitive deficit in sinistrals? PMID- 7231657 TI - The influence of stretched speech presentation on token test performance of aphasic and right brain damaged patients. PMID- 7231658 TI - Clustering by alcoholic Korsakoff patients. PMID- 7231659 TI - Anterograde amnesia and memory for temporal order. PMID- 7231661 TI - Activation and interference in tactile perception. PMID- 7231660 TI - Right ear bias in the perception of loudness of pure tones. PMID- 7231663 TI - Effects of encoding instructions on recall and recognition in Korsakoff patients. PMID- 7231662 TI - Inferotemporal cortex and categorical perception of visual stimuli by monkeys. PMID- 7231664 TI - The precedence effect and sound localization by children with temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 7231665 TI - Do eye movements hold the key to dyslexia? PMID- 7231666 TI - Arousal responses to emotional stimuli and laterality of lesion. PMID- 7231667 TI - Communication by a chimpanzee: first-trial mastery of word order that is critical for meaning, but failure to negate conjunctions. PMID- 7231668 TI - Identifying academic aptitude in adolescent children by psychological testing and EEG spectral analysis. PMID- 7231669 TI - Differential processing of Kanji and Kana stimuli in Japanese people: some implications from Stroop-Test results. PMID- 7231670 TI - Laterality and sex differences for visual recognition of emotional and non emotional words. PMID- 7231671 TI - Therapeutic angiography in neuroradiology. Classical data, recent advances and perspectives. AB - This report summarizes the extraordinary development of the neuroradiological entrance into the treatment of massive vascular malformations of the head and spine, also highly vascularized tumors, by embolization accomplished with the appropriate type of catheter and highly refined technique, in collaboration with the surgeons of neurology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, and of the vascular system. PMID- 7231672 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of fetal ventricular growth. AB - The ratio of lateral ventricle to hemispheric width was measured in 200 normal pregnancies. Statistical curve fitting was tried to predict normal value and 5 and 95 percentiles. Anatomical sections of fetal head are provided to correlate the ultrasonic pictures. A typical case of application is described. PMID- 7231673 TI - Idiopathic scoliosis from the point of view of the neuroradiologist. AB - There is a simple morphological interrelation between the growing spinal cord nerve root complex and the vertebral column, not unlike that between the growing brain and skull. The shape of the enveloping vertebral skeleton mirrors the anatomical features of the enclosed neural contents. During the cranio-caudally directed growth, spurts of elongation of the vertebral column may be too rapid for the slower growth rate of the spinal cord and nerve roots. The resulting disproportion of growth between spine and nervous system is compensated for by adaptive scoliotic curvature of the otherwise normally growing spine. The proposed pathogenetic concept readily explains the main clinical features of the deformity and is supported by a spring model experiment. PMID- 7231674 TI - The CT appearance of avulsion of the posterior vertebral apophysis. A case report. AB - Avulsion and posterior dislocation of the posterior dislocation of the posterior part of the vertebral apophysis is a rare condition, occurring mainly in adolescence. If the avulsed part is ossified it may be diagnosed with conventional X-rays including myelography. The present case shows that CT scan with sagittal reconstruction gives exact information of the nature of the lesion as well as its extension into the spinal canal, and that CT alone is sufficient for preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 7231675 TI - Spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of cervical cerebral arteries. Report of six cases and review of the literature. AB - Six cases of spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries are reported. The angiographic findings and the clinical aspects of the disease are described. The lesion is not as rare as generally assumed. PMID- 7231676 TI - Computed tomography for anterior sacral and intracorporal meningoceles. AB - Two cases of recurrent anterior spinal meningocele are presented. Both cases were studied by CT. One of them was also investigated by ultrasonography. The value of these methods in the diagnosis of anterior spinal meningoceles is discussed. PMID- 7231677 TI - Diagnosis of lipoma of the corpus callosum by CT in five cases. AB - The value of CT in the easy diagnosis of lipomas and associated anomalies of the corpus callosum, thus avoiding angiography and pneumoencephalography, is reported in five cases. An angiogram was performed in only one of the five cases and provided no additional diagnostic information. PMID- 7231678 TI - Extravasation of contrast-enhanced blood in an epidural hematoma. PMID- 7231680 TI - Report of the 11th Hungarian Meeting on Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis. Abstracts. PMID- 7231681 TI - Evolution of brain abscess in cats formation of capsule and resolution of brain edema. AB - Brain abscess evolution was studied in an experimental model in the cat correlating the computed tomographic scan appearance with intracranial pressure, brain edema and histopathological findings. Brain inflammation was produced by direct inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus into the white matter. Abscesses developed in all animals. The ring enhancement around the necrotic focus seen at an early stage after contrast-medium injection cannot be equated with capsule formation as long as the abscess diameter increased. Parallel to the acute stage of abscess, the intraventricular pressure increased due to the rising mass effect and the spreading edma. The morphological investigations revealed on the seventh day an extreme enlargement of extracellular spaces with immense amount of edema fluid, rich in protein and fibrin. Some blood vessels in the close vicinity of the abscess showed gaps within the endothelial cell layer. When encapsulation developed, ring enhancement became more homogeneous and decreased in diameter. In spite of encapsulation, a circumscribed disturbance of the blood-brain barrier persisted which was responsible for a belated resolution of edema and a slow decrease of intracranial pressure. Only therapy with dexamethasone could effect a marked change in the course of the disease. PMID- 7231679 TI - Falx myeloid metaplasia in myelofibrosis. A CT demonstration. AB - Myelofibrosis, known also as myelosclerosis, tends to form myeloid metaplasia in all organs of the body. The nervous system and intracranial structures are rarely involved. A case of myeloid metaplasia in the falx, which caused headache and papilledema, was observed gaining in size on repeated CT scans. PMID- 7231682 TI - Reconstructive surgery on the vertebral artery. AB - In the last nine years 32 reconstructive operations were performed on the vertebral artery. In proportion to the 1032 operations on the carotid artery, is not the number of vertebral operations, at 3.1% unusually small? Is vertebro basilar insufficiency too rarely recognized? PMID- 7231683 TI - Computerized tomography in vascular malformations of the brain. AB - Computerized tomography scans of 166 patients - 99 cases with 117 aneurysms, and 67 cases with angiomatous malformations - were reviewed and correlated with angiographic and clinical findings. An intracranial hemorrhage was identified by CT scan in 103 patients, in 60 cases with aneurysms (17 only subarachnoid, 43 intracerebral), and in 43 cases with angiomas (6 only subarachnoid, 37 intracerebral). The source of hemorrhage was diagnosed with varying degrees of certainty with CT scan in 12 (12%) cases with aneurysms and in 27 (40%) cases with angiomas. Further CT findings were low density lesions in 18 cases indicating vasogenic edma, and calcifications in 10 angiomas. Intravenous infusion of contrast material was necessary to distinguish smaller aneurysms and angiomas. CT scan demonstrated the presence and location of thrombosed portions of giant aneurysms; these findings were less apparent with angiography. In 29 angiomas of medium or large size (macroangiomas) the malformation was demonstrated with CT scan in 25 (86%) cases and with angiography in 26 cases. 3 angiographically occult angiomas were diagnosed with CT as low density lesions and misinterpreted as gliomas. In all 36 microangiomas only the hemorrhage was precisely diagnosed with CT. The microangioma was identified angiographically in 24 cases and histologically in 21. In Sturge-Weber's disease the calcifications may be seen earlier with CT than with skull x-ray. PMID- 7231685 TI - Tuberous sclerosis - neurosurgical indications in intraventricular tumors. AB - Thirteen cases of intraventricular tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis are described. The most common picture showed the "forme fruste", i.e. there were no signs of the typical clinical triad - metal retardation, seizures, and adenoma sebaceum - and there was usually no family history of tuberous sclerosis. There was a high incidence of increased intracranial pressure (76,9%). CT has made possible the preoperative diagnosis of an intraventricular tumor which is suggestive of tuberous sclerosis. The best surgical results were obtained by total excision of the tumor. The shunt procedures are discussed as a temporary surgery for relief of increased intracranial pressure and as a preparation of the patient for the final excision of the tumor. All the tumors were classified as subependymal giant cell astrocytomas according to the new classification of the World Health Organization. PMID- 7231684 TI - Significance of experimental models in neurooncology. AB - Three models are induced for the production of brain tumors: Carcinogenic viruses, topically applied carcinogenic hydrocarbons and so-called resorptive carcinogens, mostly alkylating substances. The usefulness of these models for questions in human neurooncology depends upon similarity relation between model and original, i.e. the human brain tumor, both regarding the induction mode and the morphological result. In the last years the model with resorptive carcinogens has been broadly used. This model is suitable for questions concerning the mechanisms of action of carcinogenic substances and the formal pathogenesis of brain tumors. It seems less appropriate for other investigations: The growth behavior and its possible influence may be better studied with standardized tumor models. Such derived models are described in this paper and their usefulness for investigations especially concerning the chemotherapy of brain tumors is discussed. PMID- 7231686 TI - Lhermitte-Duclos disease (diffuse hypertrophy of the cerebellum). Report of two cases. AB - Two cases of Lhermitte-Duclos disease or diffuse hypertrophy of the cerebellum are presented. This brings the total number of such cases reported in the literature to 42. Pathologically the disease is characterized by a circumscribed cerebellar lesion consisting of thickening of the cortex with closely packed dysplastic ganglion cells in the granular layer and with large myelinated axons in the molecular layer. Purkinje cells are missing and the central white matter is greatly reduced. The first patient, a man 39 years of age, had in association to the cerebellar lesion, a megalencephalic brain (2320 g). He had suffered from epilepsy since he was 24-years-old and died with metastasizing colon carcinoma. An electron microscopic study of the cerebellar lesion disclosed perikarya containing large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, cell processes filled with coated and dense core vesicles. In addition, there were numerous enlarged myelinated axons in the molecular layer. The second patient, a woman 74 years of age, had a small area of diffuse hypertrophy of the left cerebellar hemisphere measuring one centimeter in diameter. Specific symptoms were very scant in the first case and absent in the second one indicating a very slow evolution - if any - of the disease process. The etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown. However, the organoid structure of the lesion, the frequent association of megalencephaly and other congenital abnormalities, and the occurrence of familiar cases would favor the disease being basically a developmental disorder. PMID- 7231688 TI - [Intraventricular conduction disorders in acute myocardial infarct. I. Frequency, significance and in-hospital mortality]. PMID- 7231689 TI - [Further clarifications on the effectiveness of thoracic sympathectomy in Raynaud's phenomenon]. PMID- 7231690 TI - [Cardiac effects of tricyclic antidepressive agents administered in therapeutic doses]. PMID- 7231687 TI - Studies of intravascular components in cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - Cerebral vasospasm with subsequent infarction gives important influence to the prognosis of patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Many factors should be considered in the pathogenesis of cerebral infraction. Clinical and experimental studies of intravascular components with particular reference to platelet and coagulation factors were performed. Both studies revealed systemic platelet hyperactivity and a hypercoagulable state; in further experimental studies, crenated red blood cells were recognized in the course of cerebral vasospasm. These systemic changes of intravascular components are thought to accelerate cerebral ischemia through formation of microthrombosis, increased blood viscosity and reduced deformability of the red blood cells. PMID- 7231691 TI - [A case of neoplastic hemorrhagic pericarditis]. PMID- 7231692 TI - [Study of clofibrate. The opinion of Prof. D. Kritchevsky]. PMID- 7231693 TI - [Surgical treatment of morbid obesity. Problems of anesthesia in 100 cases]. AB - One hundred morbidly obese patients underwent an elective bypass operation with an overall mortality of two per cent. Some pathophysiological features of gross obesity are discussed as well as the problems that this condition presents for both anesthesiologist and surgeon. Preoperative work-up, conduct of anesthesia, including Althesin as the primary anesthetic, and management in the recovery room are described. Good anesthetic care and careful monitoring are essential to success with the morbidly obese patient. PMID- 7231694 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia. The need for anesthesia in a patient manifesting this syndrome]. AB - Successful treatment of malignant hyperthermia, following its prompt recognition in a young patient during general anaesthesia with halothane and succinylcholine, preceded the equally successful employment of ketamin, with no signs of enzyme alteration and circulatory stability, when the same subject had to be operated 20 days later. PMID- 7231695 TI - [Anesthesia in severe liver disease. Personal experience with CT 1341]. AB - The problem of narcosis in patients with severe impairment to liver cell function is discussed and the use of CT 1341 as a basic anaesthetic proposed. PMID- 7231696 TI - [A new sign for finding the epidural space]. AB - After a survey on the technique used for peridural anaesthesia, presence of pain determined by using bidistilled water as "liquid mandrel" when this is injected into the "peridural" space is reported. The use of this substance to identify this space, is suggested and an attempt explain mechanism of such pain is made. PMID- 7231697 TI - [The use of sodium cefoxitin in resuscitation and intensive therapy]. AB - The cefoxitin sodium has been used in 20 patients with surgical infections admitted in out Intensive Care Unit. This antibiotic was administered by central venous catheter and in 9 patients was associated with other antibiotics. 75% of the patients so treated was cured and no side effects were noted. The seriousness of the infective process was most likely responsible of the 25% of failure. PMID- 7231698 TI - [Hypokalemic states in clinical practice. A case of severe hypokalemia combined with flaccid quadriplegia]. AB - The biochemical data relating to the physiological distribution of potassium and its regulating factors in the normal human body are explained. Reference is then made to the clinical symptoms and aetiopathogenesis of hypokalaemia. A serious case coupled with flaccid quadriplegia in a 34-yr-old male is presented. Stress is laid on the usefulness of correct investigation of the history, and the fundamental resort to complete electrolytic screening in patients presenting with polyuria, polydipsia, arrhythmia and flaccid quadriplegia. PMID- 7231699 TI - [Intravenous ethyl alcohol in metabolic resuscitation]. AB - Intravenously administered ethyl alcohol may be effective as analgesic and hypotensive peripheric vasoactive drug. In the Intensive Care Departments parenteral ethanol administration is infrequent because no "sure dosage" can be suggested in adults and children. Liver, kidney and C.N.S. diseases can worsen; foetopathy can follow. Drug-ethanol interaction may be particularly important for some patients admitted in Intensive Care Departments. Often the potential caloric support cannot be fully utilized ("empty" calories) and seldom hyperventilation, hyperlactacidemia and impaired protein synthesis can follow. PMID- 7231700 TI - [Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Apropos of a bilateral case]. PMID- 7231701 TI - [Castleman's tumor. Considerations on 3 operated cases]. AB - Three recently observed cases of Castleman's tumour are described. A brief summary of the clinical histories, themselves of little significance, the histological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the disease are examined. The series is shown to be fully in line with those reported in the literature, and support is given to the view that the tumour is of inflammatory origin. PMID- 7231702 TI - [Chronic obliterations of the axillo-humeral arterial axis]. PMID- 7231703 TI - [Solitary plasmocytoma of the lung. Anatomo-clinical considerations on a case]. AB - A case of solitary plasmacytoma of the lung is presented. The patient is still alive three years after surgery. The anatomical and clinical features of this rare form are discussed. Stress is laid on the fact that diagnostic certainty can only be obtained immunopathologically. It is also recommended that patients be subjected to radiological and laboratory examination in the postoperative period, and every six months for several years, to detect the possible occurrence of multiple myeloma. PMID- 7231704 TI - [Pulmonary hernia. Anatomo-clinical aspects and therapeutic trends]. AB - Two cases of pulmonary hernia, different in etiology and therapeutic indications, are described. We are discussing, then, anatomic, etiologic, pathogenic and clinic characteristics of this uncommon disease. At last, Authors, are making some considerations about indications on how to operate on pulmonary hernias and different repairing surgical technics. PMID- 7231705 TI - [Isolated rupture of the azygos vein caused by contusive thoracic trauma]. PMID- 7231706 TI - [Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Observation of a case]. AB - A case of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is reported, particular attention being paid to preoperative diagnostic problems. The importance of cytological examination carried out with fine needle acupuncture is also stressed. The anatomopathological and clinical features are outlined, special mention being made of the neoplasia's frequent hormonal secretion and its possible familial nature. PMID- 7231707 TI - [Right partial diaphragmatic eventration. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. AB - The Authors report a case of asymptomatic right partial diaphragmatic eventration, casually discovered and surgically repaired by imbrication of the hemidiaphragm. They confirm the almost completely asymptomatic and benign character of this disease, and discuss the difficulty of the differential diagnosis with various diseases of the right cardiophrenic angle, particularly the pericardial cysts. Among the diagnostic techniques the Authors advocate the priority of the liver scanning, the echotomography, the C.A.T., the pneumoperitoneography and, in case, the celiac axis arteriography. They consider the plastic repair of the diaphragm performed by a thoracic approach to be indispensable to the confirmation of the diagnosis and, of course, to a radical therapy. PMID- 7231708 TI - [Compression of the celiac tripod by the arcuate ligament of the diaphragm]. AB - A case of external compression of the coeliac trunk on the part of the lateral arcuate ligament is reported. A brief account of the questions still posed by Dunbar's syndrome is followed by the assertion that dynamic, not static, aortography must be performed since it is in itself sufficient to clinch the diagnosis. It is suggested that pain is not an expression of reduced arterial flow, but of compression of the coeliac plexus, with the results that surgical management must associate adventitiectomy with section of the arcuate ligament. This will ensure displacement of the plexus, and prevent possible postoperative periarterial fibrosis from causing the reappearance of pain by involving the nerve fibres. PMID- 7231709 TI - [Association of secondary short esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction]. AB - The case of a 39-yr-old male with adenocarcinoma which arose on short oesophagus secondary to congenital hiatal hernia is reported. The patient was treated by oesophagogastric resection and intrathoracic anastomosis. After a short analysis of the literature, the infrequent incidence of hiatal hernia and the rarity of secondary short oesophagus are considered and the association in question is attributed to chance. PMID- 7231710 TI - [Primary leiomyosarcoma of the mesentery]. AB - A case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the mesentery is described. Only seven other cases have been reported in the literature, which means that this was an accidental finding. The histological features of the case are illustrated. It is suggested that this tumour originates in the muscle cells of the mesenteric vessels. The view that surgical management is incapable of improving the fatal prognosis is expressed. PMID- 7231711 TI - [Ileo-ceco-colic invagination. Apropos of a case caused by lymphoma of the last ileal loop]. AB - An unusual case of intestinal invagination due to lymphoma of the last ileal segment serves as a basis for a review of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the invagination process and its different onset modalities. Special attention is paid to how chronic invaginations, as a result of their varied, unremarkable symptomatology, often involve mistaken or late diagnosis. The present case is noteworthy because of the summing of factors proper to primary invagination with those of secondary invagination. The hyperperistaltism resulting from the presence of a non-pedunculated mass acted on an intestinal segment in which the anatomico-functional conditions for the establishment of primary invagination were often present., All this was responsible for a chronic basic ileo-caecal invagination process, the cause of progressive limming with acute episodes of further advance of the invaginated part to the transverse colon. It was these acute episodes that gave clinical dignity to the insidious symptomatology reported by the patient thus allowing speedy, correct diagnosis of the ongoing neoplastic process and hence radical surgery with favourable prognosis. PMID- 7231712 TI - [Mucocele of the appendix]. AB - Reference is made to two cases of mucocele of the appendix in a brief discussion of this form, its frequency, and the difficulties associated with its preoperative diagnosis. Mention is also made of the problems arising in the differentiation of benign and malignant mucoceles. Some conclusions are drawn with regard to treatment. PMID- 7231713 TI - [Primary invagination of the vermiform appendix. Presentation of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 7231714 TI - [A case of abdominal actinomycosis]. PMID- 7231715 TI - [Rare obstructive pathology of the common bile duct. Report of a clinical case]. PMID- 7231716 TI - [Clinico-anatomo-pathological considerations on a case of calcified pseudocyst of the spleen]. PMID- 7231717 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the spleen in 2 stages. Report of a clinical case]. PMID- 7231718 TI - [Non-parasitic cysts of the spleen. An unusual case of primary hamartomatous splenic cyst]. PMID- 7231719 TI - [A case of annular pancreas]. AB - The embryology and aetiopathogenesis of annular pancreas are described together with its clinical and radiological aspects. A case in which preoperative diagnosis of megaduodenum due to stenosis caused by an incomplete pancreatic ring is presented. Successful surgical management by means of a duodenojejunal shunt is described. PMID- 7231720 TI - [Tumor metastases in the ureter. Report of a case]. PMID- 7231721 TI - [Breast metastasis as the initial clinical symptom of renal adenocarcinoma]. AB - Renal adenocarcinoma shows an unpredictable clinical course. At autopsy, metastases are present in as many as 95 percent of patients with renal adenocarcinoma. The percentage of metastases from renal adenocarcinoma is greater than would be expected from the frequency of this carcinoma among all carcinomas. The breast is an exceptional site of metastasis, that is not described in literature. In the present report the metastasis in the breast represented the early symptom of renal adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7231722 TI - [Internal hernia through an orifice of the broad ligament of the uterus]. AB - A case of hernia-induced occlusion of the small intestine through an orifice of the broad ligament of the uterus is reported. After reviewing the literature, the pathogenetic aspects are considered, with reference to the congenital or acquired origin of the defect. Clinically, the most significant factors for diagnosis are the patient's multipara condition, previous obstetrico-gynaecological operations, signs of mechanical type intestinal occlusion and palpation of a parauterine mass. Surgical treatment involves straightforward mechanical ileus with repair of the occluding orifice. PMID- 7231723 TI - [Radioimmunological determination of gastrin after small intestine resection. Experimental research]. PMID- 7231724 TI - [Study of the axillary cavity using xeroradiography]. AB - Personal experience with xeroradiography in the diagnosis of axillary lymph node conditions in cases of inflammation, systemic disease, and metastasis, particularly from breast cancer, is described. A brief account is given of the technique employed and the results obtained, as supported by the surgical findings. PMID- 7231725 TI - [Technical aspects of transileal ureterocutaneostomy]. AB - The performance of the ileal conduit (Bricker's operation) is a well and minutely known surgical procedure (choice of a particular ileal loop; uretero-ileal anastomosis; uretero-cutaneostomy); however we can still observe several and different details in the operative technique management. The Authors, on the basis of their own experience of 55 cases, and after a complete review of the literature, emphasize the technical controversies of ileal loop urinary diversion; moreover they analyze the technic changes previously pointed out be several Authors, to avoid surgical complications. They conclude that the ileal conduit urinary diversion shall have less complication if: 1) the ileal loop is a short one, but with a very good blood supply; 2) antireflex techniques are not used; 3) Brooke's technique is used in performing uretero-cutaneostomy. PMID- 7231726 TI - [Surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases. A personal case]. AB - A particularly interesting case of pumonary metastasis due to renal adenocarcinoma, treated with right medio-inferior bilobectomy is reported. The topicality and complexity of the problem of the surgical treatment of lung metastases is the reason for the present contribution. The criteria for choice, indications for treatment and the limitations of the form of surgery are reviewed in brief. PMID- 7231727 TI - [Fistulas complicating diverticular disease of the colon]. AB - Five patients were admitted to the 1st and 2nd Division of General Surgery of Soronno Hospital between July '75 and September '78 suffering from fistulas complicating colon diverticulosis. A sixth patient, operated on for diverticulitis, developed a stercoraceous cutaneous fistula in the postoperative period. This was closed by conservative therapy. A woman patient suffering from colo-enteric fistula, was not operated because she refused. In all operated patients, broad resection of the sigmoid was carried out with end-to-end anastomosis. In three cases a caecostomy was formed to protect the anastomosis. All operated patients were treated preoperatively with laxatives, clysters and intestinal antibiotics, prevalently paromomycin and in one case neomycin plus base erythromycin. Surgery led to the cure of all patients treated. PMID- 7231728 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic venous insufficiency by subfascial ligation of the venae perforantes]. AB - A series of 82 cases of chronic venous insufficiency (28 with post-phlebitis syndrome), in which superficial phlebectomy was associated with subfascial ligation of the perforantes according to Linton or Felder, is presented. The results were excellent in 90% of patients with long-standing essential varices, but were less impressive in those with post-phlebitis syndrome (persistence of oedema in 50%; disappearance of eczema in 70% with no recurrence of ulcers). Stress is laid on the efficacy of the operation, but attention is drawn to the need for "polyvalent" therapy, in which surgery, sclerosing agents and medical therapy must be carefully integrated and blended. PMID- 7231729 TI - [Our experience with cysts of the pancreas]. AB - The Authors produced their series of pancreatic cysts and pseudocysts. In order to a correct surgical therapy they deem it essential to do the Wirsungraphia or the cysto-wirsungraphia to recognize the "communicating cyst" and the "non communicating cyst". The simple resection and the cystoparenchimal resection are the operations of choice but the cystoanastomosis provides suitable and definitive results in the same way. Whereas the marsupialization and the external drainage are operations to reserve for the high risk patients, for the hazard of the pancreatic fistula particularly in the "communicating cyst". PMID- 7231730 TI - [Cancer of the colon and rectum in young people]. AB - A review of surgical treatment for cancer of the colon and rectum has shown that 5 of 87 patients were younger than 30 years old. The symptoms were abdominal pain and anemia and were present about 2 years before the hospital admission. The survival after the surgical treatment was, for all patients, 11 months. PMID- 7231731 TI - [Case of conservative treatment of high esophageal lesions]. PMID- 7231732 TI - [Evolution of choledochus prostheses using lyophilised and siliconated dura mater. Final results]. AB - Some research into choledochic prosthesis with lyophilised and siliconated dura mater has been concluded. Cholangiographic and histological controls one year after intervention are reported. PMID- 7231733 TI - [Anatomo-pathological study of the evolution of cryonecrosis in the rat pancreas]. AB - The progress of a cryonecrosis site occupying about one-third of the rat pancreas and induced with liquid nitrogen applied via a 10 mm luminal diameter probe applied for 2 min was followed. The lesion was not responsible for irreversible functional and anatomical lesions. Blood sugar remained within normal limits. Blood amylase peaked on the 1st day and was normal by the 14th. The treated area shrank considerably and was replaced by fibrous tissue within 30 days. The histological picture was similar to that encountered pathologically in man. Neither chain-type autolysis nor pseudocysts were observed. PMID- 7231734 TI - [Prospective surgery in the treatment of acute pancreatitis]. AB - A series of 65 patients with acute pancreatitis is analyzed with special regard to ethiopatogenesis and therapy. In several cases (68%) surgery has been performed with good results. Results are discussed and confronted with bibliographic report. The main problem, according to Authors, is to diagnose the real cause of pancreatitis for every patient, so that is possible to choose the appropriate may of treatment. PMID- 7231735 TI - [Combined therapy of colonic and rectal neoplasms in an advanced phase]. AB - The results obtained in a series of 75 patients suffering from advanced cancer of the colon-rectum are examined. Survival of these patients is looked at as a function of the extent of surgical demolition, and as a function of postoperative chemotherapy. Demolition interventions were followed by much higher survival than was observed following palliative operations. At the same time, survival was higher in patients who underwent post-operative chemotherapy. The results therefore justify a more aggressive approach in advanced cancer of the colon rectum. PMID- 7231736 TI - [The role of endoscopy and histology in the diagnosis of esophagitis]. AB - An assessment is made of the meaningfulness of endoscopy and histology in the diagnosis of oesophagitis via an examination of 240 endoscopies. An endoscopic diagnosis of oesophagitis was given in 69 cases. Biopsy was performed in only 44 cases. This confirmed the endoscopic diagnosis on all but one occasion. There were 1 histological and 10 endoscopic false negatives. It is suggested, therefore, that perendoscopic biopsy should always be performed to reduce false negatives in cases where oesophagitis or gastro-oesophageal reflux is suspected, or when hiatal hernia (even if asymptomatic) is present. PMID- 7231737 TI - [2 cases of giant adrenal cysts]. AB - Two personal cases of suprarenal cyst are reported. More than 300 of these have so far been described in the world literature. The interest lies in the cysts- enormous dimensions. The first, of endothelial type, contained 13 litres of fluid, the second, of metahaemorrhagic origin, contained 3 litres of dense, creamy sterile matter. PMID- 7231738 TI - [The plaster cast syndrome 2 cases of intestinal gastric emphysema]. AB - Two clinical cases of acute gastric dilatation (Cast syndrome) in wearers of surgical corsets for kyphoscoliosis are described. One patient died in spite of surgical treatment, whereas the other responded favourably to conservative management. Fifty cases from the literature are examined. The seriousness and rapid progression of the syndrome are clear from its persistently high mortality (22%). Treatment was conservative in 70% of cases: antishock therapy, nasogastric aspiration, removal of the cast, while duodenojejunostomy was performed in the other 30%. In the two cases described, the seriousness of gastric distress due to compression of the duodenum by the aorta and mesentery was furthered evident from the observation of interstitial gastric emphysema. PMID- 7231739 TI - [Mesenteric reticulocytic abscess-forming lymphoadenitis (Masshoff's disease)]. AB - This report described two cases of mesenteric reticular abscess-forming lymphoadenitis (Masshoff's disease). The nosology of this anatomo-clinic entity, that is not rare but not well known, is discussed. PMID- 7231740 TI - [A case of leiomyosarcoma of the rectum]. AB - Leiomyosarcoma of rectum is a rather rare malignant tumour. Generally, it manifests late when pain, tenderness, rectal bleeding and obstruction occur or ulceration through the rectal mucose with bleeding or discharge occur. Rectal examination leads to the diagnosis of malignancy. The histological report confirms the type of tumor. A case of leiomyosarcoma of the rectum has been reported. Radical resection (Miles) is the treatment of choice at present. The prognosis is poor. PMID- 7231741 TI - [An unusual feature of Meckel's diverticulum in association with phlegmonous appendicitis and mesenteric cyst. A clinical case]. AB - A particular case of Meckel's diverticulum, with phlegmonous appendicitis and mesenteric cyst associated, is presented. The Authors discuss the etiophatology, explaining the anatomic and clinical found situation. PMID- 7231742 TI - [Surgery of biliary lithiasis. I. Physiopathology and diagnosis]. AB - Experimental studies and clinical observations are referred to in stressing the frequent correlation between duodenal, biliary and pancreatic disturbances, and the importance of the role of spontaneous or iatrogenic impairment of Oddi's sphincter in the origin of this pathology. These physiopathological concepts are regarded as fundamental in the correct surgical management of cholelithiasis. A pre- and postoperative diagnostic protocol designed to investigate the anatomofunctional aspects of the duodenum and pancreas as well as bile duct morphology and Oddi sphincter function is described. Its employment enabled 633 cases to be divided six well-defined groups for diversified treatment. PMID- 7231743 TI - [Surgery of biliary lithiasis. II. Choice of operation and results]. AB - A pre-and intraoperative diagnostic protocol offering morphological and functional evaluation of the bile ducts, Oddi's sphincter, duodenum, and pancreas was employed to classify 633 patients with biliary lithiasis into 6 groups and hence the therapeutic application of 6 surgical techniques, namely: 1) cholecystectomy alone; 2) choledocholithotomy plus closure of the choledoch; 3) choledocholithotomy plus Kehr drainage; 4) papillosphincterotomy alone; 5) papillosphincterotomy plus anterior seclective duodenal vagotomy; 6) hepaticojejunostomy, so as to ensure a rational choice of the best operation fro each situation. Comparison with the literature and prior personal results substantiated the soundness of this approach, as shown by a marked reduction of complications, mortality and residual disease on both short and medium-term follow-up. PMID- 7231744 TI - [Surgical technic in the treatment of pectus excavatum]. AB - 19 patients subjected to surgery for correction of p.e. have been followed up. The technique adopted is described. The results show the importance of early correction of the malformation and allow the indication to be extended to purely aesthetic needs. PMID- 7231745 TI - [Surgical treatment of renal adenocarcinoma with neoplastic thrombosis of the inferior vena cava]. AB - Personal experience in the surgical management of 15 cases of renal adenocarcinoma with neoplastic thrombosis of the vena cava inferior is described, and an account is given of the procedures adopted in accordance with the degree of endocavitary extension of the tumour. Emphasis is also placed on the need to ensure, as in all cases of nephrectomy for tumours, "neoplastic asepsis" by means of a preliminary vascular stage with the compartment intact. For this purpose, it is felt that sufficient preoperative angiographic evaluation of the intracavitary tumour is essential, coupled with absolute intraoperative control of the vena cava and/or right atrium proximally to the thrombus, to prevent the intraoperative mobilisation of neoplastic embolisms. PMID- 7231746 TI - Save the spleen--an experimental study on the effects of three tissue adhesives on deep wounds of liver and spleen. AB - Because opinions on the advisability of splenectomy, especially in children, have recently changed considerably, an experiment was set up to study the application of 3 hemostatics in deep injuries to the liver and to the spleen in 29 rabbits and to dogs. Of the 3 substances tested GRF-adhesive and Avitene appeared to give reasonably good results in splenic injuries, but a supplementary suturing procedure or a ligation of the vessels seemed desirable. The effect of GRF adhesive on liver injuries was satisfactory. PMID- 7231747 TI - Healing of a superficial lesion in the common bile duct of the rabbit. AB - By means of a special apparatus a superficial lesion was made in the common bile duct of the rabbit; the healing of the lesion was studied by transmitted light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Within a few hours the cells in the epithelial margin became flattened and started to migrate over the bottom of the defect. In most cases the lesion was closed after 16 to 24 hours by epithelial migration. After 24 hours a sharp increase in the mitotic activity occurred, first especially in the crypts, later also in the superficial epithelium. A blood clot on or necrosis of the wound basis seemed to stop the migration of the epithelium. Necrosis of the connective tissue in the central part of the lesion occurred after 24 hours if the lesion was not epithelialized, possibly by the action of bile. In that case the lesion healed by secondary intention. After 2-8 weeks all lesions were healed completely, no strictures being observed. PMID- 7231748 TI - Peri-anal abscess--the relationship between peri-anal abscess, hepatitis B and sexual behavior. AB - Twenty-two patients with a peri-anal abscess or peri-anal fistula were studied selectively for the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBs. In 14 male and 8 female patients studied, the incidence of anti-HBs was 6 and of HBsAg 1. Positive findings occurred only in European male patients who invariably showed frequent homosexual contacts. It is concluded that, in homosexual patients with peri-anal abscess, the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBs should be determined as a matter of routine and all preventive measures should be taken for possible contamination with hepatitis B virus until proven negative. PMID- 7231750 TI - [Electro-acupuncture and trophic ulcer]. AB - Electroacupuncture was used in the treatment of 50 cases of tropic ulcer of the lower extremities, including 34 following phlebitis, by stimulation with a Roccia VTM apparatus at voltages and frequencies up to the patient's tolerance threshold. The needles stimulation was maintained for a maximum of 7 hr. A cure was obtained in all cases, including those where the ulcers were inveterate and resistant to routine forms of management. PMID- 7231749 TI - [Experimental research on the effect of electro-acupuncture on reparative processes]. AB - With a view to clarifying the mechanism whereby electroacupuncture aids teh repair of trophic ulcers, including inveterate forms resistant to ordinary treatments, reference is made to histochemical findings and histological findings in periulcerous tissues and experimental research into wound healing. Preliminary work showed that electroacupuncture improves the blood supply to ulcerous tissue and the local biochemistry, and accelerates the repair process. Experimental work also made it clear that the method, when use on alternate days with the modalities employed in clinical practice, accelerates the healing of wounds in the experimental animal. PMID- 7231751 TI - [Evolution of experimental ulcers under treatment with electro-acupuncture]. PMID- 7231752 TI - [Validity of reflexo-anesthesia in the surgical field. Results in 105 clinical applications]. PMID- 7231753 TI - [Recent acquisitions in reflexo-anesthesia]. AB - Experimental data about the great analgetic value of electro ear-acupuncture stimulation in the cat (by prof. Durinjan--Central Research Institute for reflex therapy--Moscow) are referred. The mechanism of analgesia by ear electro stimulation is periacqueductal gray matter (PGM) activation. Trigeminal system as main center involved in this type of acupuncture analgesia is discussed. Up to date parameters for better analgetic results are foreseen. PMID- 7231754 TI - [The importance of the metamere in the interpretation of the therapeutic results obtained with acupuncture. Elaboration of the dermatoneuromeric theory and critical comment]. AB - The Authors after personal experimental studies and bibliographic researches, propose, through the formulation of the dermatoneuromeric theory, an explanatory model for the understanding of the reflexotherapeutic results in the visceral pathology treatment. The fact that different authors propose many different points for the functional balance of the internal organs and consequent diseases, that these points are located in many cases on the same dermatomes and that these are connected with the starting neuromes of autonomic fibres (Ortho and Parasympathetic) to the organ to be cured, indicates that Acupuncture is a spinal metameric reflexotherapy with scanty modulation of the supraxial centres, in opposition to Acupuncture analgesia. The Alarm (Mo) and Concurring (Yu) points of each channel are the most distant and nearest to the spinal cord and their stimulation establishes the upper and lower limit of the part of cord that we want to stimulate. Anesthetic blocks outside the "firing tract" do not influence the output, while the selective blocks can limit or abolish the Acupuncture effect. Ancient and modern therapeutic methods utilize these reflexes, giving an unique interpretation to alla reflexotherapies. PMID- 7231755 TI - [Acupuncture and labor]. AB - Results obtained in delivery room with simple acupuncture methods without electrical stimulation are presented. The Author tried successfully to speed up the labours and to induce labours at the end of gestation.. Easy application of the method and the good results obtained require a deeper study and a larger groups of patients. PMID- 7231756 TI - [Environmental pollutants and karyologic effects. Usefulness of environmental and biological monitoring]. AB - The results of a study carried out on a group of workers exposed to numerous pollutants (HCl, NaOH, ZnCl2, Sn, Pb, ecc.) in an industrial environment are reported. The research was broken down into two parts: 1) drawing up of a map of environmental pollution; 2) evaluation of the biological exposure of individuals submitted to control. The blood level of Pb was assessed in chosen subjects as a biological indicator of exposure and, at the same time, lymphocyte cultures were prepared in order to highlight any increase in chromosome exchanges and chromosome aberrations. PMID- 7231757 TI - [Microcirculatory findings in experimental trichloroethylene poisoning]. PMID- 7231758 TI - [Sex hygiene of the athlete and related problems]. AB - The Author tries to summarize in a few pages the problems of sex hygiene and of sexual education in general and of athletes in particular. This is a problem which risks to be exasperated because it had not been treated in the past and because now it is too much in information only. This work is a contribution to education purposes. PMID- 7231759 TI - [Voluntary interruption of pregnancy in an area hospital on the outskirts of Turin]. AB - Data pertaining to a series of 457 cases of voluntary termination of pregnancy at the Rivoli Infirmary Obstetrics and Gynaecology Division are presented. The patients were divided into three groups by weeks of amenorrhoea. The parameters investigated were: age, parity, previous spontaneous and artificial abortions, and complications observed 60 days after the operation. Percentage data were evaluated in terms of age, marital status, number of children, socioeconomic group, and reasons for termination. Lastly, percentages of dissent and consent on the part of the male partner were also worked out. PMID- 7231760 TI - [Clinico-statistical and medico-social considerations on giant uterine fibromyomatosis]. AB - Observations in the past decade in Veneto and Calabrian hospitals of cases of advanced pathology such as giant uterine fibromas suggest some clinico statistical and medico-social considerations. PMID- 7231762 TI - [Decisive news on vocal rehabilitation of laryngectomized patients]. PMID- 7231761 TI - [The brain, the unknown]. PMID- 7231763 TI - [Experiences in the decentralization of the medical welfare activities in the Turin commune]. AB - The welfare and medical activities in the town of Turin which have been decentralized in the quarters or in grouped quarters in order to answer better to the demands of the users, are analysed and explained here. Also a sample of building structure realized in Turin too, as a standard sample of social and medical centre and of basis services on its territory, is presented. PMID- 7231764 TI - [Cerebral lesions in attacks of transient ischemia. Results of clinical studies of microcirculation with perfusion brain scintigraphy (PBS)]. AB - 35 patients with supratentorial ischemic lesions were studied with the Perfusion Brain Scanning; 20 of them suffered for TIAs while 15 had Completed Strokes. In all cases a damage of the arteriolar-capillar bed were demonstrated. These findings favour the thesis that the focal supratentorial ischemic attacks are related to an irreversible lesion of the brain microcircle. The very high sensitivity in the detection of the small cerebral lesions and the diagnostic value of the PBS are underlined. PMID- 7231765 TI - [Erythrocyte indices in smokers and heroin addicts]. AB - Red blood cells values of 100 male heroin addicts, 100 male smokers and 100 normal men, all of like age, have been examined. Nearly all of the heroin addicts are heavy cigarette smokers. The GRC/mm3, Hb g%, Ht%, MCHC and MCV values did not show significant statistical differences between the three groups, except the MCV in the average appeared 2,8 mu3 higher in the smokers, than the normal non smokers. In heroin addicts there did not appear any variation related to abnormalities in liver function and dependency life time. The differences between the results of our studies and the literature are determined from a longer exposition to the damage caused from heroin and smoke. PMID- 7231766 TI - [Determination of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) as a diagnostic aid in the prognosis of malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 7231767 TI - [Anemia in primary hyperparathyroidism. Description of 2 case]. AB - Two cases of hyporigenerative anaemia in primary hyperparathyroidism are reported. The absence of other causes of anaemia and the correction of hematological disorder after parathyroidectomy, indicates that PTH hypersecretion is responsible for anaemia. The relationships between calcium levels controlling mechanisms and erithropoiesis are discussed. PMID- 7231768 TI - [Malignant melanoma]. PMID- 7231769 TI - [Euglycemizing effect of partial jejuno-ileal resection in rats treated with streptozotocin]. AB - Resection of about 50% of the small intestine was performed in rats diabetised with streptozotocin. The first results show that this operation leads to normalisation of sugar metabolism that is partly referable to partial malabsorption, but above all to loss of weight. Current knowledge with regard to the relation between diabetes and obesity is discussed and an account is given of the modern surgical approaches to the treatment of major obesity. Lastly, the suggestion is made that limited digestive bypass may be indicated in cases of insulin-independent diabetes where weight loss and control of blood sugar cannot readily be achieved by conventional medical management. PMID- 7231770 TI - [Early diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in pregnancy]. AB - The authors report a case of pheochromocytoma revealed by a de novo appeared hypertension in a young female patient at her 3rd trimester of pregnancy. An early diagnosis and an appropriate medical management allowed a successful maternal outcome. Since maternal and fetal prognosis of pheochromocytoma associated with pregnancy is strictly related to an antepartum diagnosis, the importance of suspecting pheochromocytoma as underlying cause of de novo appearing hypertension (or hypertension of unknown origin) during pregnancy is emphasized. Biochemical tests (plasma and/or urinary catecholamine or metabolite determination) are recommended as the most suitable approach to the screening of pheochromocytoma in pregnancy. PMID- 7231771 TI - [A case of gastric carcinoid]. PMID- 7231772 TI - [Regression and revitalization in hypnosis. Doubts and certainties, therapeutic utility]. AB - The difference between age regression and revification is pointed out and the neurophysiological and psychological bases of hypermnesia of the past are discussed. Moreover, mental, neurological, somatic and visceral symptomatology of revification, the usual techniques to obtain it and its therapeutical usefulness are described. Possible artifacts of age regression and methods to avoid then are then presented. PMID- 7231773 TI - [Psychotherapy in the light of communication theory]. AB - The main concepts of communication theory, particularly the various types of relationship--complementary, symmetrical, metacomplementary, paradoxical--are reviewed. Various forms of psychotherapy--psychoanalysis, hypnosis, etc.--are examined in the light of communication theory. It is concluded that all psychotherapeutic relationships involve a strong paradoxical tendency. PMID- 7231774 TI - [Electromyography of the perineum. Demonstration of the method]. AB - The Authors, by means of surface E.M.G. have investigated the perineal potentials. The choice of surface E.M.G. is due to the good acceptance of the method by the patients, as it does not interfere with muscular activity and mental concentration, which are fundamental for a good application of R.A.T. PMID- 7231775 TI - [Results of electromyography of the perineum of women in labor prepared and unprepared by the respiratory autogenic training method]. AB - The Authors, by means of surface E.M.G. of perineum, have analyzed statistically the potentials registered in two groups of pregnant women in labor, the first prepared according to the R.A.T. method, the second utilized as a control group. The complete automatization of the analysis was allowed to exclude any bias. The differences of the perineal potentials registered in the groups were statistically significant. PMID- 7231776 TI - [Autogenic training and ECG. Apropos of a clinical case]. AB - A case of tachycardia in an infarctophobic subject treated with autogenous training which completely cleared up the condition over one year is reported. The patient had been subject to attacks of tachycardia lasting for more than 15' for more than 10 years and was recalcitrant to all pharmacological therapy. Schultz' standard autogenous training produced a marked improvement in the ECG, with different behaviour of the ST segment and the QX/QT ratio under the same conditions of heart frequency and arterial pressure. PMID- 7231777 TI - [Psychosomatic treatment of recurrent herpes simplex]. AB - Psychological causes are often found to be responsible for the recurrence of herpes in clinical practice. This, and the fact that certain factors concerning recurrence itself are not clear, has led Terni to suggest that psychogenic factors are essential in determining the frequency and extent of such recurrences, and that without prejudice to its undoubtedly viral nature, recurrent herpes simplex may be regarded as a psychosomatic disease. The underlying criteria, practice, clinical progression and positive results obtained with psychotherapy and hypnosis in the treatment of 24 cases of recurrent herpes simplex are described in support of this view. The effectiveness of the method employed indicates that the hypothesis put forward is correct. PMID- 7231778 TI - [Hypnotherapy in a girl, 22 months old, with molluscum contagiosum]. PMID- 7231779 TI - [Sophrology and phenomenology]. PMID- 7231780 TI - [The normal conscience state and the sophronic state of conscience]. PMID- 7231781 TI - [The concept of corporality in the interpretation of pain in sophrology]. PMID- 7231782 TI - [Does hypnosis not exist?]. AB - On the basis of the books by Barber, Spanos and Chaves "Hypnosis, imagination and human potentialities" recently translated into Italian and "Hypnosis, a scientific approach" by Barber and on the basis of personal experience and researches carried out over 45 years, some personal ideas on the clinical and scientific aspects of hypnosis are presented. The conclusions of the above mentioned Authors are confuted as well as their approach to hypnosis defined as "objective-behavioural". PMID- 7231783 TI - [Potentiated peroral cholecystography and simultaneous multiple tomography with Synchroplan. A new approach to the study of bile duct pathology]. AB - Tomographic study of the bile ways following a second dose of oral contrast medium led in 60 patients to a considerable diagnostic gain. Oral cholecystographic examination failures fell and at the same time the field of indication for i.v. cholangiography was restricted. PMID- 7231784 TI - [Diagnostic value of copper and magnesium in hemolymphopathies and solid tumors]. AB - The value and development of the copper and magnesium have been examined in thirty-four patients whose eighteen were affected by malignant lymphomas (9 L.H. and 9 non-H.), fourteen by solid tumors and two by acute leukemias. Our results prove clearly a manifest increase of the copper in the lymphomas' patients, especially in the Hodgkin's disease, and in none patients a decrease. Analogous trend has been found in the 71% of the patients with solid tumors. Scarcely significant are the results obtained in the acute leukemias. Contrary to copper, the values of the magnesium are nothing at all expressive for a diagnostic "depistage"; a light increase of the metal is observed only in the 55% of the lymphomas non-H., while in the cancers the values are very variable. Our results confirm what other Authors have already referred, i.e. the copper's value is of a large aiding for the determination and the valuation of the diseases' activity in the above related conditions. PMID- 7231785 TI - [Heat in oncologic therapy]. AB - Three types of "fire" are used today against cancer: diathermocoagulation, hyperthermia and radiotherapy. Their selective (HT, RT) and non selective (DTC) cytotoxic action are briefly discussed. Hyperthermia, of which the Author summarizes the biological basis, the means of production and the clinical results, is particularly to be considered as an optimal integration of radiotherapy. PMID- 7231786 TI - [Risk factors in the determination of breast cancer]. AB - Early diagnosis of breast cancer presupposes the periodic execution of an array of physical and instrumental examinations. The concept of "risk factors" is needed to single out women for whom screening is desirable. Reference is made to the main risk factors currently recognised, and an attempt is made to determine the extent of their incidence in the determination of breast cancer. PMID- 7231787 TI - [Evaluation of various renal function indices in a group of workers in the shoe industry]. AB - The possible chronic nephrotoxicity of solvents has been investigated in a group of workers in the footwear industry. A number of indices of renal function were assessed in all subjects and a qualitative study of proteinuria carried out. The noted reduction in VFG would appear to be proportional to exposure doses. The other parameters, particularly the electrolytic balance, do not lend themselves to pathogenetic interpretations. The existence of a chronic nephrotoxicity of solvents cannot, however, be excluded. PMID- 7231788 TI - [Complicated migraine]. AB - Three cases of complicated migraine are reported. A few days after neurological accidents, one patient showed an angiographic evidence of diffuse cerebral vasospasm. This finding possibly bears out vasomotor hypothesis of migraine. PMID- 7231789 TI - [Kinetics of furosemide in children with chronic renal insufficiency in dialysis]. PMID- 7231790 TI - Ultrashort recirculation dialysis. Reduced vascular stress and higher tolerance to dialytic treatment. PMID- 7231791 TI - [Uptake of phenylalanine and tyrosine in the lymphocytes of uremic patients]. PMID- 7231792 TI - [Use of oral polyaldehydes and attachable peritoneal artificial kidney in the treatment of chronic uremia]. PMID- 7231793 TI - [Comparative evaluation of calciuria and uricosuria in 220 patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis]. PMID- 7231794 TI - [A new test (conglutinin solid phase with anti IgA) for the detection of serum immune complexes in IgA antibody components]. PMID- 7231795 TI - Hemodialysis experience with different types of synthetic vascular grafts (PTFE) by using single-needle machine. PMID- 7231796 TI - [The effects of diet and dialysis over a wide area of lipid concentration in chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 7231797 TI - [Distribution of free amino acids in the plasma and erythrocytes of uremic patients]. PMID- 7231798 TI - [Medium molecules in uremia. Isolation techniques, chemical determination, biological tests, and the effects of dialysis]. PMID- 7231799 TI - [Internal arteriovenous by-pass in difficult hemodialytic access. A personal experience]. PMID- 7231800 TI - [Acute thrombotic occlusions of the internal arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis. Incidence, etiopathology, 1st results of bloodless therapy with fibrinolytic drugs]. PMID- 7231801 TI - [Variations of parathyroid hormone and hypophyseal hormones in patients in periodic hemodialytic treatment]. PMID- 7231802 TI - [Physiopathology and clinical aspects of alitiasic interstitial urate nephropathy]. PMID- 7231803 TI - [Proposal for a regional registry of patients in dialysis]. PMID- 7231804 TI - Evidence for a crossed nigrostriatal pathway in rats. AB - In order to characterize further the origin of striatal afferents, adult rats underwent a unilateral intrastriatal infusion of 30% Evans Blue solution (0.2 - 0.5 mul). Labeled neurons were observed in ipsilateral substantia nigra, thalamus, cortex, ventromedial mesencephalic tegmentum and dorsal raphe. Several labeled neuronal somata, albeit considerably fewer than seen ipsilaterally, were found also in the contralateral substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, a result contrary to previously reported findings in the rat. Control injections restricted to cortex overlying striatal target site did not result in similar labeling, and corpus callosum transection prior to intrastriatal injection did not prevent labeling of contralateral substantia nigra. These findings indicate that rats, like cats, have a sparse crossed nigrostriatal pathway. PMID- 7231805 TI - Contribution of the dentato-thalamo-cortical system to control of motor synergy. AB - Stimulation of the dentate nucleus in the chronically implanted baboon elicits both movements restricted to a single joint and also complex movements of several body segments. The complex movements correspond to precise but stereotyped coordinating activity. Two types of data reveal that the cerebello-thalamo cortical system is concerned in the elaboration of complex movements. (1) Examination of cortical, pyramidal and muscle response latencies shows that the message might be transmitted by this pathway. (2) The complex movement which is produced by stimulation of a site in the dentate nucleus is similar to the sum of movements induced by stimulation of each cortical point receiving excitatory projection from this particular dentate focus. PMID- 7231806 TI - The effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation on responses of cutaneous pacinian corpuscles in the cat. AB - In the cat electrical stimulation of the distal segments of transected sympathetic nerves to the forelimb produces either an increase or a decrease in the responsiveness of the Pacinian corpuscles under the glabrous skin of th forepaw when the corpuscles are stimulated with high frequency mechanical vibration. The minimum latency of the change in Pacinian response is about 1-2 sec. As these effects could be stimulated by reduction in the forelimb blood supply it is probable that the changes in cutaneous corpuscle responsiveness following sympathetic stimulation are caused by local changes in blood flow. PMID- 7231807 TI - The effect of magnesium on the time course of facilitation at the crayfish neuromuscular junction. AB - Synaptic currents (EPSCs) were recorded extracellularly from single junctions. Pairs of EPSCs were elicited at different intervals, the increase of amplitude of the second one facilitation. Elevated Mg concentrations reduced the amplitude of the EPSC and prolonged facilitation. Also, if the amplitude of the EPSCs at high Mg is made the same as in the control, by raising [Ca]0, facilitation is still prolonged. It is concluded that Mg inhibits not only the entry of Ca into the nerve terminal but also its removal. PMID- 7231808 TI - Properties of ipsilateral retinogeniculate afferents in albino and hooded rats. AB - By recording single unit activities from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in albino and hooded rats, physiological properties of the ipsilateral retinogeniculate afferents were compared with those of the contralateral ones. The results show that the ipsilateral retinogeniculate pathway was characterized by intermediate conduction velocities, relatively high incidence of the tonic response and the visual field representation of central 30 degrees from the vertical midline on both sides. PMID- 7231809 TI - Acidic sphingoglycolipids in invertebrate nervous tissue: presence of several kinds of sphingophosphonoglycolipids in the nervous tissue of Aplysia kurodai, a sea gastropod. AB - Several hitherto unknown sphingophosphonoglycolipids were identified in the lipid extract from the nervous tissue, nerve fibers and ganglia of Aplysia kurodai, which has only a small amount of gangliosides, if any. The most abundant sphingophosphonoglycolipids of the nerve fiber (FGL-VII) and ganglion (GGL-V) are ceramide bis(2-aminoethylphosphono)-pentaosides. Their oligosaccharide moieties consist of 1 mol each of glucose, 3-O-methylgalactose and galactosamine and 2 mol of galactose. Another main glycolipid (FGL-II) may be ceramide mono(2 aminoethylphosphono)-pentaoside which contains 1 mol each of glucose, galactosamine and fucose and 2 mol of galactose as its oligosaccharide moiety. PMID- 7231810 TI - A microiontophoretic study of morphine on single neurons in the rat globus pallidus. AB - The microiontophoretic application of morphine to single globus pallidus neurons in morphine naive rats resulted in a depression of both spontaneous and glutamate evoked firing of these neurons. Seventy percent of all pallidal neurons on which morphine was tested exhibited some degree of depression of neuronal discharge; no excitatory effect ws observed to morphine on any pallidal neurons. The depressant effects of morphine, but not those of dopamine, could be antagonized by the microiontophoretic application of the morphine antagonist naloxone, indicating that the morphine-induced depression of pallidal neuronal activity was a specific morphine action. This effect of morphine is most likely mediated by the opiate receptors on pallidal neurons that have been proposed to function in enkephalinergic-mediated synaptic transmission. PMID- 7231811 TI - Convulsive threshold in humans and rats and magnetic field changes: observations during total solar eclipse. AB - Convulsive thresholds were measured in 26 psychiatric patients who were receiving electroconvulsive treatment, and in 8 rats subjects to electroconvulsive shocks, during the recent the recent total solar eclipse day (February 16th, 1980) and on control days. Our results showed that there was a significant reduction in the convulsive thresholds of both humans and rats at the time of solar eclipse, probably occurring due to the observed geomagnetic field variation of 19 Gammas. PMID- 7231812 TI - Localization of efferent neurons innervating the pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the cervical esophagus muscle in the cat by means of the horseradish peroxidase method. AB - Following horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection into the cephalopharyngeal muscle (CeP), the hyopharyngeal muscle (HP), the thyropharyngeal muscle (TP), the cricopharyngeal muscle (CP) and the cervical esophagus muscle (CE) of the cat, labeled neurons were identified in the nucleus retrofacialis and the rostral part of the nucleus ambiguus ipsilaterally. The rostral end of the labeled cell column was located more rostrally for CeP and HP than for TP, CP and CE. No difference was noted within the former two or within the latter three. The level of the caudal end of the labeled cell column became more caudal in the order of CeP, HP, TP and CP. The caudal end was located more rostral for CE than for TP. The neurons for CE were located more ventro-laterally than those for the other muscles. PMID- 7231813 TI - Is there a correlation between hippocampal mossy fiber distribution and two-way avoidance performance in mice and rats? AB - The distribution of hippocampal mossy fiber terminals, visualized by means of Timm's silver sulfide stain, was determined morphometrically in a selected hippocampal region. Five inbred mouse strains and two rat strains were used, all of them characterized by genetically controlled differences in performing a two way avoidance task (shuttle-box). Those rat and mouse strains known for low avoidance scores had significantly more mossy fiber terminals synapsing within or below the layer hippocampal pyramidal neurons. PMID- 7231814 TI - Visual field topography in the frog's nucleus isthmi. AB - Responses to visual stimulation were extracellularly recorded with micropipettes from 125 neurons of the left nucleus isthmi in frogs, Rana nigromaculata, and 101 electrode tip positions were marked with cobalt staining. The present study indicates that: (1) the entire contralateral hemifield and the nasal 40 degree of the ipsilateral hemifield project on the nucleus isthmi topographically, and (2) there exist binocular units in this nucleus. PMID- 7231815 TI - Human visual system modulation transfer function measured by evoked potentials. AB - Visual potentials evoked by checkerboard pattern reversal were studied using temporal frequencies between 3 and 12 Hz (i.e. 6 and 24 reversal per sec, with sinusoidal or square wave modulation). Sinusoidal modulation evoked lower amplitude potentials than square wave modulation, at all frequencies used. Evoked potential amplitude vs temporal stimulation frequency curves for both modulations showed a maximum at approximately 4 Hz, with a slight decrease for lower frequencies, and a steep fall-off for higher frequencies starting at 7 Hz (values beyond 12 Hz were not measurable), unlike de Lange's psychophysical data. Accordingly, different brain generators are hypothesized for evoked potentials and psychophysical functions. PMID- 7231816 TI - On the specificity of uptake by isolated Torpedo synaptic vesicles. AB - Synaptic vesicles were isolated from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata in highly purified form. Their uptake properties were examined using a large number of small organic molecules as substrates. Following incubation at 26 degree C for 1 h, it was found that concentrative accumulation, indicated by a vesicle:medium concentration ratio greater than unity, was achieved by all the choline analogues used and by four biogenic amines, but not by a variety of purine and pyrimidine bases and nucleosides. Amino acids penetrated poorly, as did sugars, and of organic anions, acetate but not citrate or thiocyanate, was almost excluded. Thus Torpedo vesicles are relatively impermeable to compounds which cannot utilize the ACh or ATP carriers, but show a very high rate of amine uptake, which may be linked to a pH gradient. PMID- 7231817 TI - Propranolol differentially blocks the methamphetamine-induced depression of tryptophan hydroxylase in various rat brain regions. AB - Basal tryptophan hydroxylase activity was measured in several serotonergic nerve terminal regions of the rat brain and was found to vary from one terminal region to another. Acute administration of methamphetamine produced a marked decrease in tryptophan hydroxylase activity in all serotonergic nerve terminal regions of rat brain examined. This decrease was antagonized in a regionally selective manner by propranolol. In contrast, haloperidol did not produce a similar antagonism. The results are discussed in the context of the previously reported efficacy of large doses of propranolol in some schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7231818 TI - Sunburn: prevention and treatment. PMID- 7231819 TI - Type II diabetes mellitus in the senior client. PMID- 7231820 TI - Sunscreens. PMID- 7231821 TI - Marketing N.P. services. PMID- 7231822 TI - Cryosurgery of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. AB - Nine hundred sixty-eight patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were evaluated with colposcopy and treated with cryosurgery; 722 had a pretreatment diagnosis of CIN I or II and 246 had CIN III. Of those patients available for 2 follow-up smears, histologically proved persistence of CIN was found in 10% of patients with CIN I and II and 20% of patients with CIN III. Recurrent disease was detected in 3.2 and 3.8%, respectively. No patients had a recurrence after 5 negative Papanicolaou smears. One patient had invasive carcinoma 30 months after treatment. Failure of patients to return for follow-up was a significant problem. When the present results were compared to those published in the literature, cryosurgery was found to be less effective than conization in treating CIN III. PMID- 7231823 TI - Functioning ovarian tumors in postmenopausal women. AB - Estrogen excretion was higher than normal (more than 9 microgram/24 hr) in 40 of 80 postmenopausal women with benign and malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary, including 8 metastatic tumors. High estrogen excretion was noted in 19 of 27 (70.4%) patients with mucinous tumors in only 1 of 25 (4%) patients with serous tumors (P less than .001). Endometrioid and metastatic tumors were also noted to be frequently associated with high estrogen excretion. In the high estrogen excretion group 27 of 37 (73%) patients showed stromal luteinization and/or condensation in the tumor, but in the normal estrogen excretion group these changes were seen in only 6 of 38 (15.8%) patients (P less than .001). A possible mechanism of stromal stimulation in these tumors is discussed. Although there was often evidence of estrogen activity in the endometrium and the tubal epithelium in the high estrogen excretion group, the correlation between these epithelia and estrogen excretion was imperfect. Postoperative estrogen excretion remained elevated in 3 of 16 patients, of whom 1 was obese and 2 had residual tumor. This study emphasizes the importance of identifying epithelial tumors of the ovary as functioning or endocrine tumors. PMID- 7231824 TI - Abnormal prolactin levels and pituitary-gonadal axis in the puerperium. AB - To investigate the influence of breast-feeding and prolactin secretion on the pituitary-gonadal function, 3 different groups of patients were studied during the first 8 weeks of the puerperium. Group A comprised patients with hyperprolactinemia and secondary amenorrhea who conceived while on a regimen of bromocriptine. Group B was composed of normal lactating women. Group C comprised nonlactating women treated with bromocriptine. Group A patients had a normal decline in serum prolactin levels during the early postpartum period, but serum prolactin remained completely unaltered after clearance of placental estradiol. In group B suckling increased serum prolactin and suppressed luteinizing hormone. This pattern was not seen in group A. Group C patients had a rapid postpartum normalization of the pituitary-gonadal axis. The results indicate that in relation to lactation the pituitary function is rather autonomous in hyperprolactinemic patients. PMID- 7231825 TI - Metabolic effects of intramuscular and oral administration of ritodrine in pregnancy. AB - The metabolic effects of ritodrine, 80 mg/day, administered intramuscularly in the third trimester of pregnancy to 14 patients for 5 days and per os to 10 patients for 10 days were investigated. Each patient was considered at high risk for premature labor. Intravenous glucose tolerance and insulin, triglyceride, and electrolyte levels were assessed before and at the end of treatment with ritodrine. Intramuscularly or orally administered ritodrine in 10-mg doses 8 times a day did not influence carbohydrate homeostasis. Triglyceride levels fell significantly after intramuscular administration, whereas serum potassium levels increased during treatment. This study suggests that ritodrine administered intramuscularly or orally is metabolically safe in nondiabetic pregnant women. PMID- 7231826 TI - The effect of maternal administration of ephedrine on fetal heart rate and variability. AB - Ephedrine is the most popular vasopressor used in obstetrics to prevent or treat spinal or epidural hypotension. Fetal heart rate (FHR) changes during epidural anesthesia were studied in 71 patients; it was found that ephedrine administration (57 patients) was associated with significant increases in FHR and beat-to-beat variability. These changes were dose related and were not associated with fetal asphyxia as judged by measurement of fetal scalp blood pH or Apgar scores. PMID- 7231827 TI - Genetic disease in the offspring of older fathers. AB - Autosomal dominant genetic diseases may result from the transmission of a trait by a carrier parent or from gene mutation in one of the gametes from which the child develops. The mean age of fathers of affected persons has been found to be greater than expected for several autosomal dominant diseases due to new mutations. To assess the clinical importance of this observation, the relative and absolute frequencies of offspring with autosomal dominant diseases due to mutation in the sperm from fathers of various ages have been calculated. The relative frequency of new autosomal dominant mutations in children increases logarithmically with paternal age during the usual years of fatherhood. The absolute frequency of autosomal dominant disease due to new mutations among the offspring of fathers who are 40 years of age or older is estimated to be at least 0.3 to 0.5%. This risk is many times greater than that for children of young fathers and is similar in magnitude to the risk of Down syndrome among the offspring of 35- to 40-year-old mothers. Thus, it is good public health policy to recommend that both men and women complete their family a before age 40, if possible. PMID- 7231828 TI - Treatment of dyspareunia and vaginal outlet distortions by perineoplasty. PMID- 7231829 TI - Studies on the distribution of abnormal cells in cytologic preparations. V. The gradient of cell deposition on slides. AB - A model system of exfoliated normal human cervicovaginal squamous cells, exfoliated rodent tumor cells, and acellular, viscous, mucus-like material was used to investigate the gradient of cell deposition on smear preparations. Smears were made from left to right with parallel strokes, without overlapping smearing and without rotating the instrument of cell collection. With this technique a gradual decrease in the total number of cells was recorded along the pathway of the smear. The proportion of tumor cells, however, increased halfway along the smearing pathway. The midway increase was significant for wooden spatulas or cotton swab applicators but less marked for plastic spatulas. It would appear that normal squamous cervicovaginal cells, because of their large flat surface, attach readily to the flat surface of the slide and become "consumed" from the material carried by the instrument. On the other hand, the relatively smaller round tumor cells are "pushed" forward by the instrument during the smearing procedure. These considerations may be of significance in screening programs for tumor cell detection. PMID- 7231830 TI - Clinical application of fetal weight determination by real-time ultrasound measurements. AB - The weights of 101 neonates delivered within 72 hours of real-time ultrasound examination were compared with the weight calculated from the ultrasonically measured biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference. A high degree of correlation (4 = .9624) was found between actual and calculated weights. This method of weight estimation has been clinically useful, especially in infants weighing less than 1500 g. PMID- 7231831 TI - X-ray pelvimetry in clinical obstetrics. PMID- 7231832 TI - Rising cesarean section rate. PMID- 7231834 TI - Second-trimester amniocentesis. PMID- 7231833 TI - Treatment of asthma in pregnancy. PMID- 7231835 TI - Organic solvents: avoiding unsafe solutions. PMID- 7231836 TI - High density lipoprotein and coronary artery disease. PMID- 7231837 TI - Communicating messages via print media. PMID- 7231838 TI - The pharmacology of topical steroids. PMID- 7231839 TI - The Supreme Court's decision in the benzene case. PMID- 7231840 TI - 'Penetrating' effects of epoxy resin systems. PMID- 7231841 TI - Targeting a positive strategy for OSHA. PMID- 7231842 TI - Winery 'uncorks' safety program. PMID- 7231844 TI - Health insurance and the occupational physician. PMID- 7231843 TI - Health maintenance: a personal responsibility. PMID- 7231845 TI - Applying work physiology to occupational medicine. PMID- 7231846 TI - Potential effects of medications at work iii. PMID- 7231847 TI - Reconsidering core functions: for management's sake. PMID- 7231848 TI - Don't take your 'work' home with you. PMID- 7231850 TI - [Optic penetrating keratoprosthesis using new models of corneal prostheses]. PMID- 7231849 TI - Targeting projects in the northwest. PMID- 7231851 TI - [Efficacy of hypotensive operations on eyes with painful terminal glaucoma]. PMID- 7231852 TI - [Microsurgical variant of filtering iridectomy in glaucoma]. PMID- 7231854 TI - [Educational films as a means of optimizing the pedagogic process]. PMID- 7231853 TI - [Time periods for the definitive formation of a rhinostoma]. PMID- 7231855 TI - [Disorders of intraocular pressure regulation in relation to the limbic system structures]. PMID- 7231856 TI - [Results of treatment of children with strabismus and the presence of incorrect visual fixation at a specialized children's center]. PMID- 7231857 TI - [Late results of the prevention of retinal detachment in the sister eye in unilateral retinal dystrophic detachment]. PMID- 7231858 TI - [Main prerequisites for prophylactic cryoretinopexy]. PMID- 7231859 TI - [Efficacy and effectiveness of using circular transconjunctival cryoretinopexy for preventing retinal detachment in cataract patients based on follow-up data]. PMID- 7231860 TI - [Method and practical importance of determining tolerant intraocular pressure and the indices of intolerance in glaucoma]. PMID- 7231861 TI - ["Jump symptom" as one of the signs of complicated myopia]. PMID- 7231862 TI - [Refraction. The state of relative accommodation and fusion reserves in pseudomyopia]. PMID- 7231863 TI - [Macular changes in retinal pigment dystrophy]. PMID- 7231864 TI - [Pathogenetic basis for using dicinone in the combined treatment of open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7231865 TI - Pars plana phacoprosthesis (aphakic intraocular implant): a preliminary report. AB - A preliminary report is presented on a new intraocular implant which is inserted through the pars plana and is anchored to the sclera in that area. The optic is positioned in the posterior chamber allowing free movement of the iris and best optical correction. Twenty implants are reported without serious complications after a minimum follow-up of one year; however, two retinal detachments have occurred in more recent operations. PMID- 7231866 TI - Extracapsular cataract extraction and pseudophakos implantation in primates: a clinico-pathologic study. AB - Eighteen rhesus monkeys underwent lens implantation with Choyce Mark VIII, Binkhorst iridocapsular, or Shearing posterior chamber lenses. They were sacrificed 4-28 months postoperative. The eyes were compared clinically and histologically. Controls included unoperated eyes and eyes with lens extraction without implantation. Several histologic findings pertained equally to cataract extraction with or without lens implantation. Late opacification of the posterior capsule was caused by migrations and fibrous metaplasia of the lens epithelial cells. These cells appeared to undergo such metaplasia only when exposed directly to aqueous, never when they were in firm apposition to another tissue such as another layer of capsular epithelium, lens cortex, or iris. All implants were well tolerated clinically. Histologically the eyes with Binkhorst lenses showed a tendency to focal loss of iris pigment epithelium and some pigmented macrophages in the iris stroma an trabecular mesh. The Choyce lenses frequently displayed marked displacement and thinning of the iris root, and occasionally showed a few chronic inflammatory cells and thin fibrous encapsulation around the implant feet. The Shearing lenses had no effect on the adjacent ciliary body when the loops were well seated in the lens capsule, but when a loop was anterior to the capsule, it eroded into the ciliary body. The loops developed a thin fibrous capsule within the ciliary body with very little chronic inflammatory reaction. The long-term effect of such loops lying in the ciliary body is undetermined, however. At present it is recommended that, if such a lens is implanted, every effort be made to ensure both loops lie in the capsular envelope. On the basis of this study, it is also recommended that in removing such a lens, one must assume that a loop might lie embedded in the ciliary body and cut the lens free from the loops before removing it. PMID- 7231868 TI - The lens as a barrier against foreign body reaction. PMID- 7231867 TI - Hypnosis in high risk ophthalmic surgery. AB - Hypnosis is an effective tool in many areas of medicine and surgery. The exacting demands of ophthalmic surgery require good patient cooperation and strict adherence to treatment regimens. Multisystemic diseases compounded by the physiological stress of surgery make it essential that already strained homeostatic mechanisms are interfered with minimally. The cases presented in this report illustrate the beneficial use of hypnosis in the treatment of several high risk patients in unusual situations. PMID- 7231869 TI - Trabeculectomy in black patients. AB - A series of 122 trabeculectomies in black patients is presented, with a minimum postoperative follow-up of 12 months. Glaucoma was controlled in 57% of the cases (39% without medication and 18% with medication) and 43% were uncontrolled at 12 months. Several characteristics were observed in these patients that seem to influence success. A high correlation was found between the presence of a bleb and successful control of pressure without medication. The rate of success was found to decrease little after 12 months postoperative follow-up. PMID- 7231870 TI - New Cataract removal instrumentation and techniques: i. the NASA-McGannon cataract fragmentor. AB - The instrument consists of a high-speed air turbine driven cutter combined with a pressure-regulated infusion system and a peristaltic pump evacuation system. The tool has an exposure control to vary the axial position of the cutter relative to its housing. The entire unit is controlled and powered by compressed air. A foot pedal start and stops all suction and cutting functions. The intraocular pressure is controlled by a flow-compensating pressure regulator that balances out the inflow system pressure drop and thereby provides essentially constant intraocular pressure. PMID- 7231871 TI - New Cataract removal instrumentation and techniques: ii. laboratory phacofragmentation with the NASA-McGannon cataract fragmentor. AB - The NASA-McGannon cataract fragmentor, a newly designed mechanical phacofragmentor powered by compressed air, was tested on 100 eyes of old rabbits and on 50 dark brown nuclei of human cataracts that were implanted in the anterior chambers of rabbit eyes after the lenses had been removed. It was possible to eliminate the eddy current in the anterior chamber, reduce the requirement for infusion, and reduce the time of fragmentation both for rabbit lenses and for implanted hard nuclei of human cataracts. Iatrogenic damage to the iris and posterior capsule of the lens was noted in the early cases but not in the later ones, as the operators became more skillful in manipulating the instrument. PMID- 7231872 TI - The single point cam guided trephine: an interim report. AB - The development of the single point cam guided cornea trephine frees the cornea surgeon from always cutting a round recipient window perpendicular to the visual axis of the eye. This new trephine allows for any angle of cut relative to the visual axis of the eye and any shaped window, be that window round, ellipse, oval or "other than round." Full development of the technique lies in the future with the development of more complete topographical measuring techniques and the integration of the measurement into a computer program wherein the computer controls the indexing of the blade cutting the recipient window and the angle of the blade while the blade is making the incision. PMID- 7231873 TI - Vertical folds of central retinal and choroid in sudden ocular decompression. AB - Sudden and limited decompression of an eye due to corneal rupture has four days later allowed for the histopathological demonstration of an interesting combination of a vertical retinal fold, cystoid macular edema, degeneration of foveal cones, a vertical choroidal fold with loss of pigment epithelium and papilledema. The rather bizarre changes in this case may be helpful for the understanding of the much more subtle histopathological findings in typical cystoid macular edema. PMID- 7231874 TI - 6/0 sutures for eyelid skin. PMID- 7231875 TI - Intermittent exotropia: is surgery necessary? AB - Sixty cases of intermittent exotropia were studied to compare the outcome of those patients treated medically with the outcome of those patients treated surgically. Below 30 prism diopters of intermittent exotropia, there is a high functional cure rate in both groups. Preoperative orthoptics did not lead to a surgical overcorrection. And finally, central fusion is not essential for a clinical cure. PMID- 7231876 TI - Reversible visual loss in subperiosteal hematoma of the orbit. AB - A 19-year-old white male developed blindness in the left eye following a motor vehicle accident. Orbital echography and computerized axial tomography established the diagnosis of subperiosteal hematoma of the orbit. Emergency medical therapy and lateral canthotomy resulted in slight visual improvement but rebleeding occurred 12 hours after injury with visual loss. An emergency surgical decompression of the orbit was performed. Vision returned to 6/7.5 following decompression. This is the first report illustrating that orbital decompression can reverse complete visual loss from a subperiosteal hematoma of the orbit. PMID- 7231877 TI - Therapeutic effects in ocular lesions obtained by systematic and topical administration of an activator of the oxygen metabolism. PMID- 7231879 TI - [Screening equidensitometry for the objective evaluation of optic disc pallor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7231878 TI - Congenital obstruction of the lacrimal passages in five consecutive generations. AB - Congenital epiphora due to absence or imperfection of lacrimal puncta and/or canaliculi was present in 21 members from five consecutive generations of a Sicilian family. The anomaly was transmitted as an autosomal-dominant characteristic with apparently complete penetrance and highly variable expressivity. PMID- 7231880 TI - Long-term evaluation of temporary transconjunctival buckling for retinal detachment. PMID- 7231881 TI - Medulloepithelioma arising from the posterior pole. AB - In the right eye of a 2 1/2-year-old boy a markedly prominent tumor, arising from the posterior pole, was found. The clinical diagnosis was retinoblastoma and the eye was removed. Histologically, however, this appeared to be a medulloepithelioma originating in the optic disc and in the posterior retina: an extremely rare localization as these tumors usually originate in the ciliary region. The tumor mainly consisted of neuroectodermal elements in several degrees of differentiation giving the aspect of a benign (hamartomatous) embryonal brain tumor rather than those of a retinal tumor. Some aspects of the nomenclature are discussed. PMID- 7231882 TI - The electrooculogram and its interindividual and intraindividual variability. AB - The EOG was determined in 130 normal subjects. The mean value was 2.42, the interindividual standard deviation 0.42. The difference between the right eye and the left eye was not significant, neither was the difference between a group of youngsters (20-30 years) and an older age group (50-55 years). In another group of 48 normal subjects, 10 or more EOGs were determined per individual. The intraindividual standard deviation was not a fixed number, but appeared to be dependent on the height of the EOG, being approximately 10% of the EOG value. This is a confirmation of one of our previous observations. PMID- 7231883 TI - ERG in amaurosis fugax, depending on the position of the body. A case presentation. AB - A woman, aged 57, reported a considerable loss of vision in her right eye within approx. 60s after lying down. She regained her vision in the upright position within approx. 90s. The Ganzfeld ERG, recorded in the upright position, showed a moderately reduced amplitude, but was entirely absent when recorded in the supine position, closely correlated to the subjective fading of the vision. Although all other clinical tests revealed no further hint to the cause of this remarkable amaurosis fugax, a temporary hypoxy of the retina due to circulatory deficiencies is suspected. PMID- 7231884 TI - Change in human electroretinography associated with thioridazine administration. PMID- 7231885 TI - Orbital Pseudotumour. PMID- 7231886 TI - Optociliary veins associated with meningioma of the optic nerve sheath. AB - We report on the clinical symptoms and the course of a case that showed the typical findings of a meningioma of the optic nerve sheath, characterized by visual disturbances, progressive visual field defect, proptosis, secondary atrophy of the optic disc, and shunt vessels between retinal and choroidal circulation. The shunt vessel which was demonstrated in this case by fluorescein angiography is identified with the optociliary vein reported in the literature. Fluorograms also revealed peculiar vessels at the margin of the optic disc, which have not been described in association with this tumor. CT scanning and roentgenograms of the optic canal proved useful as diagnostic tools for this tumor. The tumor was removed through a frontotemporal craniotomy, preserving the optic nerve. The histopathological diagnosis was meningothelial meningioma. PMID- 7231887 TI - Blindness due to sellar region tumor-caused apoplexy. Visual fields investigation helps the diagnosis. PMID- 7231888 TI - Myotonic dystrophy: pathological study of the eyes. AB - A 56-year-old patient with histopathologically established myotonic dystrophy is described. Gross pathological examination of the eyes revealed cataracts and peripheral retinal dystrophy as described previously. Lacy vacuolization of the pigment epithelium of the iris and vacuolization of the nonpigmentary ciliary epithelium were also found. These latter findings have, to our knowledge, not been hereto described in the literature. PMID- 7231889 TI - Long-term treatment with timolol ophthalmic solution in open-angle glaucoma. AB - A preselected population of 96 patients (67 glaucomas, 29 ocular hypertensions) were followed for an average period of 30 months. Timolol eye drops were administered either alone, in dosage strengths of 0.25 or 0.5% or in combination with other antiglaucoma drugs. 9 patients were lost to follow-up after a mean treatment duration of 15.3 months; glaucoma had been stabilized in all of them. 10 patients had unsatisfactory intraocular pressure control and 7 had to undergo trabeculectomy (9 of these 10 patients had campimetric glaucoma at the beginning of the study), whereas 76 patients had satisfactory intraocular pressure control and, in the majority, stabilization of glaucoma had been obtained. In 77% of this preselected population glaucoma was stabilized over a period of 3 years (i.e. close to two thirds of those starting treatment, 70% of which had campimetric glaucoma). PMID- 7231890 TI - Psychotic reaction in an adult after topical cyclopentolate. AB - A case of psychotic reaction to topical cyclopentolate HCl (Cyclogyl) in an adult is reported. The reaction was characterized by hallucination, disorientation, amnesia and aggressive behavior which lasted for approximately 2h. PMID- 7231891 TI - [Ocular rotation and corneal reflexes (author's transl)]. AB - The location of the corneal reflex (Purkinje's first image) produced by an electronic flash was studied at various degrees of ocular rotation both in adduction and abduction. A statistical analysis of the results showed a good correlation between the decentration of the corneal reflex and the degrees of ocular rotation. The results thus obtained give an experimental basis to the clinical use of the so-called Hirschberg test for measuring the strabismus angle. PMID- 7231892 TI - Retinal injury due to industrial laser burns. AB - Ocular industrial lasers burns in seven patients were analyzed as to cause, severity, and type of injury. Ocular damage ranged from minimal retinal burns to extensive areas of damage with commotio retinae and vitreous hemorrhage. Visual loss ranged from complete recovery without residual defect to a profound decrease in central acuity. The kinds of lasers causing these injuries were neodymium YAG, argon, krypton, and rhodamine dye. Severity of injury was related to several factors. Some degree of carelessness was involved in all injuries. PMID- 7231893 TI - Sports eye injuries a preventable disease. AB - Each year, sports are responsible for over 100.000 preventable eye injuries. A face-protector standard was developed for hockey. Certified protectors effectively eliminated eye and face injuries to 1,200,000 players averting a projected 70,000 injuries and saving over $10,000,000 in medical expenses annually. The principle of absorbing energy in a protective device before the eye is injured is applied to other sports (racket sports, baseball, basketball). Recommendations are made on eye protection for athletes. Better data collection and standards for sports and children's eyewear are encouraged. PMID- 7231894 TI - Resident cataract surgery. Review of a rural teaching hospital's experience. AB - A retrospective review of all intracapsular cataract operation (499 eyes) performed at The Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital from July 1973 to January 1980 revealed that 72% (359) were performed by Albany Medical Center Ophthalmology residents as part of their third-year training affiliation. The residents' operative results (94.9% with postoperative 20/20 to /0/40 visual acuity in age group 55 to 64 years) and complication rates (vitreous loss 4.2%) were similar to the data from the 1975 report of the cataract survey of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology's Phacoemulsification Committee. Details of the program and data are presented. The results show that residents can perform supervised cataract surgery at the same risk to the patient as reported in the 1975 compilation of 400 participating Academy ophthalmologists. PMID- 7231895 TI - The effect of diabetes mellitus and diabetic therapy on cataract formation. AB - A study of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects was performed to evaluate the possible association of diabetes mellitus with cataract formation. Parameters investigated included cataract incidence and type model of diabetic therapy, degree of diabetic control, duration of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6 PD) activity. Diabetes mellitus was found to be correlated with posterior subcapsular cataract formation, as was duration of diabetic disease. Race, degree of metabolic control, and age of onset of disease did not appear to be correlated with cataract formation. Oral hypoglycemic agent therapy was significantly associated with posterior subcapsular cataract formation. The African variant of G-6-PD deficiency appeared to protect against cataract formation in diabetic patients. The most important overall factor in cataractogenesis proved to be age. Posterior subcapsular cataracts were associated with corticosteroid therapy, presence of diabetes mellitus, and oral hypoglycemic agent therapy. PMID- 7231896 TI - Empirical fitting of hard contact lenses in infants and young children. AB - A method of empirically fitting hard contact lenses in infants and young children is described. It can be performed without the benefit of "K" readings and does not require the patient to be anesthetized. Lens fit is judged by fluorescein pattern, degree of finger tightness on the cornea, and indirect determination of steepness by comparing baseline refraction with final over-refraction using a contact lens of known power. This simplified technique has been found to be reliable and practical with good lens fit obtained in most patients. The visual results achieved in unilateral aphakic patients using this method are comparable to those found elsewhere in the literature. PMID- 7231897 TI - Amblyopia caused by unilateral atropinization. AB - Unilateral atropinization is used in infants and children in the treatment of amblyopia (penalization). It is also used to prevent amblyopia in eyes with cataracts involving only the central portions of the lens. It is not generally realized, however, that unilateral atropinization during visual immaturity may actually cause amblyopia. Three reported cases demonstrate this point. Experiments in monkeys raised with unilateral cycloplegia demonstrated shrinkage of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus and loss of cortical binocularity and of neurons responding to stimulation of the atropinized eye. The clinical data reported in this study, in conjunction with information gleaned from animal models, indicate that caution must be applied when considering prolonged unilateral atropinization of infants and young children. PMID- 7231898 TI - Measurement of visual acuity in latent nystagmus. AB - A method is described for rapid and accurate assessment of visual acuity in patients with latent (occlusion) nystagmus. By using the duochrome slide of the American Optical Project-O-Chart and the green filter of the Worth red-green glasses, monocular visual acuity may be readily measured in patients with nystagmus brought out by monocular cover. The results obtained in seven patients are compared with standard opaque occlusion and occlusion with a +5.00 diopter lens. PMID- 7231899 TI - Video with wide-field specular microscopy. AB - The addition of a high-sensitivity video camera and recording system has augmented and simplified the use of the wide-field specular microscope. In the noncontact mode, the tape is replayed and the clearest image frozen for analysis. When used as a contact instrument, video recording as the cornea is scanned allows examination of broad areas for endothelial pathologic involvement. PMID- 7231900 TI - Information control for a general ophthalmic practice. AB - An integrated ophthalmic office computer system is now functional at five sites. The system automates clerical functions such as appointment scheduling, billing, and preparation of doctors' schedules and insurance forms. It eliminates the need for filing and storage of records. The medical system records the history and physical examination of the eye, offers a broad differential diagnosis, writes prescriptions for glasses and drugs, types referral letters, orders contact lenses from specifications, and catalogues photographic and other patient data vital to the medical record. The accounting system prepares complex accounting records and general ledgers for the combined practice and the individual physician. PMID- 7231902 TI - Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis. A report of two cases from Texas. AB - Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis (HBID) is a rare disorder characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, onset in childhood, bilateral limbal conjunctival plaques, chronic relapsing course of ocular irritation and photophobia, and oral lesions resistant to medical and surgical therapy. The lesions are characterized histologically by dyskeratosis, acanthosis, parakeratosis, and a variable amount of subepithelial inflammation. The patients in all previously reported cases have been descendants of Halowar Indians from North Carolina. This report illustrates the typical clinical and histologic findings of HBID in two siblings who, along with their parents and grandparents, were born in Texas. PMID- 7231901 TI - Human cataracta complicata. Clinicopathologic correlation. AB - Complicated cataracts of the posterior subcapsular zone may be associated with a number os systemic conditions. Cataracts from patients with retinitis pigmentosa, Turner's syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, or those who were taking corticosteroids were examined clinically and pathologically after intracapsular cataract extraction. Two major types of posterior subcapsular opacities were observed: one type had multiple vacuoles, while the other type was a more solid appearing (plaque-like or snowball) opacity clinically. The predominant morphologic counterpart (by light and electron microscopy) of the vacuolar opacity is liquefactive necrosis with aberrantly migrated epithelia cells growing into the cataract. In the plaque-like or snowball opacity, the lens fibers are generally disorganized into round globules. The clinical significance is that the vacuolar liquified posterior subcapsular cataract may be more easily removed by extracapsular methods than the plaque-like opacity; however, the proliferative cells in the vacuolar type are probably the source of an after-cataract membrane that may require discussion. PMID- 7231903 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 7231904 TI - Thoughts on improving the public's knowledge of ophthalmology and eye care. AB - A Gallup poll taken in September--October 1979, revealed that only 55% of the nation's adults knew the difference between an ophthalmologist and an optometrist. Other important attitudes toward eye care revealed in the survey lead to the conclusion that ophthalmologists have not been very successful in educating the public as to their role in the health delivery system. Serious and objective examination of the strengths and weaknesses in past efforts at public education should be undertaken. Continued reliance upon methods proven to be unsuccessful may be a waste of resources. Innovative approaches may be called for to achieve success. PMID- 7231905 TI - Glaucoma. PMID- 7231906 TI - The place of trabeculectomy in the treatment of glaucoma. PMID- 7231907 TI - Long-term control of adult open angle glaucoma by argon laser treatment. AB - Uncontrolled adult open angle glaucoma was treated with a new argon laser technique in which 100 spots are applied 360 degrees around the trabecular meshwork. The average pressure drop was 12.7 mm Hg in 105 eyes at one year, 11.5 mm Hg in 59 eyes at two years, 11.3 mm Hg in 25 eyes at three years, and 13.3 mm Hg in 11 eyes at four years. Only 6% of the eyes required additional surgery. The rate of control was equivalent to trabeculectomy, but with far fewer complications. Control in blacks and in patients over age 70 was better (91%) than with surgical procedures. Microscopic examination of two controlled eyes showed no trabecular punctures. The laser microscars reduce the diameter of the trabecular ring, tightening the meshwork, and restoring function to the normal outflow systems. PMID- 7231908 TI - Argon laser trabecular surgery in uncontrolled phakic open angle glaucoma. AB - Thirty-five phakic eyes from a predominantly black population with clinically uncontrolled open angle glaucoma underwent argon laser treatment to 360 degrees of the trabecular meshwork. The intraocular pressure in the untreated eye was used as a control whenever possible. The mean pressure change in the treated eye at four months showed a decrease of 10.0 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). This effect was maintained throughout the 18-month follow-up period. Thirty-four of the 35 eyes (97%) were clinically controlled with pressures averaging less than 20 mm Hg. The procedure appears to function by improving outflow facility as manifested by a statistically significant increase in outflow for six months post-treatment. The major complication was the formation of peripheral anterior synechiae. These synechiae were localized and did not affect the success of the procedure. Argon laser trabecular surgery appears to be effective in lowering intraocular pressure with many advantages over standard filtering surgery. PMID- 7231909 TI - Laser therapy for open angle glaucoma. AB - Fort-five phakic eyes with open angle glaucoma received argon laser therapy to the trabecular meshwork (laser goniotherapy). The average IOP dropped from 27.5 to 20.3 mm Hg in 22 eyes that were followed up for seven to fourteen months. Tonographic data obtained from 13 eyes prior to and approximately one month after laser treatment demonstrated a 50% increase in the facility of aqueous outflow. Several eyes experienced hypertensive episodes following treatment, in which the IOP increased as high as 60 mm Hg on one occasion. Two eyes developed prolonged uveitis with peripheral anterior synechiae formation. Laser goniotherapy appears to be a beneficial mode of therapy for open angle glaucoma in many patients. Longer follow-up is needed, however, and its role in secondary and aphakic glaucomas needs to be defined. PMID- 7231910 TI - Vascular accidents in acute angle closure glaucoma. AB - Four cases of acute angle closure glaucoma with different types of ocular vascular accidents are presented: one case of optic nerve head ischemia; two cases of central retinal vein occlusion, and one case of vitreous hemorrhage. One of the patients had vitreous hemorrhage following the lowering of intraocular pressure in acute angle closure glaucoma. The possible predisposition to ocular vascular accidents of patients with poor hematologic and cardiovascular status is discussed. PMID- 7231911 TI - The effect of total vitrectomy on filtration surgery in the aphakic eye. AB - The influence of total vitrectomy on the success rate of filtration surgery was investigated, with 47 operations (6 reoperations) being performed on 41 patients. At six months postoperatively, successful control (IOP less than 21 mm Hg) was achieved in 32 of 41 patients (78%). Twenty-four patients had filtration blebs present. Total vitrectomy favorably influences the result of filtration surgery. However, the morbidity rate (two retinal detachments and two cases of cystoid macular edema) is higher than in standard filtration procedures. PMID- 7231912 TI - The effect of timolol and acetazolamide on transient intraocular pressure elevation following cataract extraction with alpha-chymotrypsin. AB - Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) early after cataract extraction with alpha chymotrypsin is a well-described, common occurrence. To study the incidence of pressure increase and the efficacy of medical therapy, IOP was monitored every 12 hours beginning on the first postoperative day in 68 patients after otherwise uncomplicated intracapsular cataract extraction performed with one milliliter of alpha-chymotrypsin and wound closure with multiple sutures. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: treatment with oral acetazolamide, treatment with topical timolol, or no treatment. Without prophylactic treatment, the prevalence of pressure elevation at 24 hours postoperatively was 69% with IOP greater than or equal to 25 mm Hg; 29% with IOP greater than or equal to 40 mm Hg. This was independent of the type of sutures used (10--0 nylon or 9--0 silk). The patients of four different surgeons had similar rates of occurrence of postoperative glaucoma. Both timolol and acetazolamide were essentially equally effective in lowering IOP in these patients. No adverse side effects were observed. With these effective treatments available if needed, we believe that routine monitoring of the IOP by applanation tonometry during the early postoperative course provides a good opportunity for reducing the risk of complications from excessive intraocular pressure. PMID- 7231913 TI - Timolol and pediatric glaucomas. AB - Thirty-eight eyes were treated by adding timolol to the medical regimen. After a suitable trial, attempts were made to reduce other glaucoma medications. Fifteen eyes with infantile glaucoma treated surgically at birth, experienced elevated intraocular pressure later in life. Another 15 eyes had glaucoma associated with congenital anomalies such as aniridia, Sturge-Weber syndrome, and mesodermal malformations. The group with infantile glaucoma demonstrated an average drop in pressure of 24% and 22% after one and three months, respectively. Six of the 15 eyes were controlled at 22 mm Hg or less. In the other group, intraocular pressure fell 30% after one month and 12% after three months. Five of the 15 eyes were controlled. Adverse effects occurred in five patients, timolol therapy was discontinued in two (7%). The IOP was not controlled in any of the eyes with timolol alone. PMID- 7231914 TI - Toxicity of dipivalyl epinephrine. AB - Fourteen patients with open-angle glaucoma applied one drop 0.1% dipivalyl epinephrine topically twice daily for three years. Four of the 14 patients developed severe blepharoconjunctivitis after 17 to 26 months of exposure to this epinephrine prodrug. Two of the four patients with dipivalyl epinephrine intolerance had a history of epinephrine intolerance. Three other patients had asymptomatic conjunctival hyperemia after 30 months of dipivalyl epinephrine exposure. No patients had conjunctival pigment deposits or cardiovascular side effects. The exfoliative cytology of two patients was characterized by karyomegaly of the conjunctival epithelial cells. PMID- 7231915 TI - Acetazolamide and urolithiasis. PMID- 7231916 TI - Reducing side effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. AB - Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) side effects are common, but not well understood. Many ideas have surfaced on how to reduce these side effects, even though there is little scientific evidence to support some of the advice. One recommendation involves switching drugs when patients are intolerant of a particular CAI agent. This study included 44 glaucoma patients who needed a CAI drug. All patients were placed on acetazolamide tablets 250 mg qid. Of those who could not tolerate this drug (26 patients), 22 were switched to methazolamide. Half of these 22 (50%) were considered to have "severe" side effects to methazolamide, while 88% of them had "severe" side effects to acetazolamide. Reduction of intraocular pressure was similar on the two drugs. Other than switching drugs to reduce CAI side effects, one can try reduced dosages, a gradual dosage increase, and patience. Administering sodium bicarbonate or potassium, or taking the CAI drug with meals are unproven remedies. PMID- 7231917 TI - Early effect of epinephrine on aqueous formation in the normal human eye. PMID- 7231918 TI - Long-term follow-up of laser iridotomy. AB - Argon laser iridotomy was performed on 140 eyes, with greater than one year postoperative follow-up in 88 eyes. Iris holes were satisfactorily produced in every eye treated, with two-thirds having only one treatment session. Late reclosure of laser iridotomy was rare and easily treated. At an average of 1.8 years after treatment, visual acuity was the same or improved in 85% of the eyes. Cataract progression was responsible for those eyes with decreased acuity; the rate of progression being comparable to similar groups of aged persons treated by surgical iridectomy for angle closure types of glaucoma. Other complications were temporary and did not affect vision. Laser iridotomy appears to have particular advantages in certain patients, particularly those with chronic angle closure glaucoma, aphakic pupillary block, or incomplete surgical iridectomy. PMID- 7231919 TI - The effect of age on aqueous humor formation in man. AB - The rate of aqueous formation was measured with fluorophotometry in a group of 113 normal human subjects who ranged in age from 20 to 83 years. A slight decrease in the rate of aqueous humor formation with aging was detected, but the rate was remarkably stable. The rate of aqueous humor formation was more stable than intraocular pressure or anterior chamber volume in this group and more stable than the tonographic C value reported by other investigators. PMID- 7231920 TI - Studies on the physiopathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the horse. III. The intrathoracic pressure. AB - The intrathoracic pressure was determined by direct intrapleural cannulation in 17 clinically normal horses and 14 horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There were significant differences between the normal and COPD horses with regard to max. Ppl and max. delta Ppl. The mean values for minimum Ppl of the 2 groups of subjects were not significantly different. The results were discussed in relation to those of other workers. PMID- 7231921 TI - Lack of cross-immunity among Pasteurella multocida type A strains. AB - Active and passive protection studies in mice using sheep antisera revealed that the immunological relationship among Pasteurella multocida Type A strains could not be correlated with their serological relationship as determined by a haemagglutination or an agglutination test. Furthermore, strains possessing similar phenol extractable antigens or heat stable antigens did not provide complete cross-protection. The conclusion was reached that immunity to P. multocida Type A strains is induced by an antigen which is strain specific and not detectable by existing serological typing systems. The immunological relationship of strains can therefore not be predicted on the basis of their serological characteristics. PMID- 7231922 TI - The pathology of bacterial infection of the genitalia in rams. AB - Details are given of the macroscopic and histopathological changes brought about by infection of the genitalia of rams by bacteria other than Brucella ovis. Lesions of the seminal vesicles and ampullae are described which, in addition to the clinically evident lesions of the testes and epididymis, could be an important reasons for impaired fertility. The name "bacterial infection of the genitalia", abbreviated to BIG, is suggested as a more appropriate designation for this condition than "ram epididymitis". PMID- 7231923 TI - Lesions resulting from inoculation of porcine foetuses with porcine parvovirus. AB - In utero inoculation of 15 sows at various stages of gestation with a local strain of porcine parvovirus (PPV) resulted in resorption, abortion or the birth of weak, dead, or mummified foetuses. Histopathological lesions observed in foetuses of sows slaughtered at various post-inoculation intervals consisted of a perivascular inflammatory reaction primarily observed in the brain and kidneys. The presence and extent of the inflammatory reaction were dependent upon the age of the foetus at the time of infection. In the sow a perivascular inflammatory reaction was found in the endometrium, while the larger blood-vessel walls were infiltrated by lymphocytes, and it is suggested that these vascular lesions may contribute to the reproductive failures associated with PPV. PMID- 7231924 TI - A surgical technique for the experimental reproduction of epididymitis in rams. AB - A surgical technique is described for introducing a bacterial culture into the vas deferens of a ram close to the epididymis in such a manner that the infective material spreads to the lumen of the ductus epididymidis. PMID- 7231925 TI - Isolation of Anaplasma marginale from Rhipicephalus simus males. AB - Approximately 100 adult Rhipicephalus simus from a batch known to be infected with Anaplasma marginale were used to infest an ox. Fifty male ticks were manually removed from the animal's ears 9 days after infestation. These ticks were triturated and a stabilate was prepared which was injected intravenously into 2 susceptible oxen. Both these animals became infected with A. marginale. The prepatent periods following inoculation of the tick suspensions before and after freezing in liquid nitrogen were 16 and 17 days respectively. PMID- 7231926 TI - Effective immunization of lambs against enterotoxaemia. AB - In contrast to adult sheep, 2- to 3-month-old lambs do not respond well to a single injection of Clostridium perfringens Type D oil adjuvant epsilon toxoid. This unresponsiveness can be overcome, however, by administering 2 injections of oil adjuvant vaccine or one injection of oil adjuvant followed 4 weeks later by an injection of alum-precipitated toxoid. The latter procedure evokes protective antitoxin levels which persist for 8 months, and a booster injection of alum precipitated toxoid given at this stage results in an immunity which lasts for at least 1 year. PMID- 7231927 TI - Electron microscopic studies of the endolymphatic sac in Meniere's disease. AB - Five specimens of the endolymphatic sac taken from patients with Meniere's disease during epidural drainage surgery were examined under the electron microscope. The clinical history and histopathological findings are presented. The most common and prominent finding was perisaccular fibrosis of the endolymphatic sac which appears to disturb the free absorption of endolymph in the endolymph in the endolymphatic sac resulting in endolymphatic hydrops. Well preserved epithelial cells of the endolymphatic sac could only be found in one of the specimens. PMID- 7231928 TI - The Mondini dysplasia - a clinical study. AB - The authors describe a clinical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of sensory-neural hearing loss associated to the Mondini dysplasia. The first element of diagnostic suspicion was represented either by a history of fluctuant and progressive hearing loss or by electrocochleography patterns showing multiple peaked acoustic nerve action potentials similar to those observed in Meniere's disease. Confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained by temporal bone polytomography. An endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt was performed in 22 ears of 18 patients. The results, although preliminary, suggest that the shunt effectively contributes to stabilize the hearing and arrest the further progression of the hearing loss. PMID- 7231929 TI - Variations in tympanograms in children attending group-care during a one-year period. AB - During a 1-year period, 151 children, 1/2-6 years old, attending group care, were followed by monthly tympanometry in order to describe spontaneous variations in the tympanograms in relation to age and time of the year. Furthermore, the number of spontaneous variations during the year was assessed. Significantly more flat curves were seen in children 1/2-1 year old than in the older age groups, indicating a high frequency of spontaneous remission about the age of 2 years. In all age groups more normal tympanograms were seen during late summer than during the rest of the year. Spontaneous variations in the tympanograms were taking place 2.9 times (mean) during the period of observation. Correlation was found between the presence of catarrh and flat curves. Furthermore, in children greater than or equal to 3 years old, a correlation between case history signs of enlarged adenoids and flat curves lasting for 3 months or more was found. It was concluded that persistence of flat curves in children 1/2-1 (2) years old usually requires no treatment, as spontaneous remission can be expected, whereas persistence of flat curves for greater than or equal to 3 months in children greater than or equal to (2) 3 years old indicates that treatment (adenoidectomy) should be performed. PMID- 7231930 TI - [Comparative evaluation of different treatment methods in scoliosis]. PMID- 7231931 TI - [Surgical correction of scoliosis using distractors]. PMID- 7231933 TI - [Surgical treatment of progressive idiopathic scoliosis]. PMID- 7231932 TI - [Immediate results of the distraction surgical treatment of scoliosis]. PMID- 7231935 TI - [Torsion of the vertebral column, its characteristics and interrelationships with the lateral curvature in severe forms of scoliosis]. PMID- 7231934 TI - [Pneumomyelography in congenital scoliosis in children]. PMID- 7231936 TI - [Mechanical origin of the torsional changes in scoliosis]. PMID- 7231937 TI - [Rotation of the segments of the trunk during walking in spondylolisthesis]. PMID- 7231938 TI - [Surgical treatment of complicated unstable injuries to the thoracolumbar spine]. PMID- 7231939 TI - [Circulatory disorders in the vertebrobasilar system in patients with cervical vertebral injuries]. PMID- 7231940 TI - [Diskotomy in the surgical treatment of scoliosis]. PMID- 7231941 TI - [Functional state of the muscles and regional hemodynamics in intervertebral osteochondorosis in the laser therapy process]. PMID- 7231942 TI - [Traumatic paresis of the serratus anterior muscle (diagnosis, clinical aspects, treatment)]. PMID- 7231943 TI - [Characteristics of the pathophysiological shifts in the body in multiple bone injuries]. PMID- 7231944 TI - [Use of liquid-crystal cutaneous thermography for the diagnosis of bone diseases]. PMID- 7231945 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance data on the characteristics of the biophysical parameters of osteoblastoclastoma]. PMID- 7231946 TI - [Effect of retabolil and thyrocalcitonin on the surface structure of regenerated bone]. PMID- 7231947 TI - [Corrective spinal operations using internal metallic constructions in treating the neurological complications of scoliosis]. PMID- 7231948 TI - [Traumatism: its social and economic importance]. PMID- 7231949 TI - [Methods of correction and plastic repair of the acetabular notch in preschool children]. PMID- 7231950 TI - [Acetabular transposition methods]. PMID- 7231951 TI - [Treatment of fracture-dislocations of the hip joint]. PMID- 7231952 TI - [Characteristics of acetabular fractures and their treatment]. PMID- 7231953 TI - [New technical procedures in Sivash's hip joint endoprosthesis]. PMID- 7231954 TI - [Surgical treatment of arthrosis deformans of the knee joint]. PMID- 7231956 TI - [Surgical correction method for congenital talipes equinovarus]. PMID- 7231955 TI - [Compression arthrodesis of the ankle joint using Ilizarov's apparatus]. PMID- 7231957 TI - [Functional state of the hip joint in coxarthrosis after underwater traction]. PMID- 7231958 TI - [Dynamics of disability and work performance in persons with posttraumatic joint contractures of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7231959 TI - [Surgical treatment of a cyst of the external meniscus of the knee joint]. PMID- 7231961 TI - [Gunshot fractures of diaphyseal bone]. PMID- 7231960 TI - [Surgical treatment of the complications in Urov (Kashin-Bek) disease]. PMID- 7231962 TI - [Therapeutic results in joint chondromatosis]. PMID- 7231963 TI - [Surgical treatment method in inveterate external subluxations of the foot]. PMID- 7231964 TI - [Method of treating thumb injuries]. PMID- 7231965 TI - [A case of habitual hip dislocation]. PMID- 7231966 TI - [Intraosseous fixation device]. PMID- 7231967 TI - [Abduction splint in the treatment of congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 7231968 TI - [Stirrup for skeletal traction of the digits]. PMID- 7231969 TI - [Improved box wrench]. PMID- 7231970 TI - [Apparatus for closed reduction of congenital hip dislocation in children]. PMID- 7231971 TI - [Device for the analysis of movements in the joints of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7231973 TI - [Method of evaluating the therapeutic results in intra-articular fractures]. PMID- 7231972 TI - [Hinged wrench]. PMID- 7231974 TI - Amplification of optical activity by crystallization in the presence of tailor made additives. The "inversion rule". AB - Experiments are described in which enantiomerically pure dimers, trimers and oligomers, generated from non chiral monomers by crystallization and topochemical reaction in suitably designed chiral crystals, induce preferential crystallization of the parent monomer in the enatiomorphous chiral phase of opposite absolute configuration. (We coin the term "inversion rule" for this effect). A general mechanism of amplification of optical activity by crystallization is proposed on the basis of these results, involving selective adsorption of resolved impurities on the surface of chiral crystals of similar stereochemistry, resulting in a decrease of the growth rate of the affected enantiomer and consequent preferential crystallization of the antipode. The implications of this mechanism to the generation and amplification of chirality in a closed system are discussed. PMID- 7231975 TI - Experiments on the abiotic amplification of optical activity. AB - Our earlier experiments are briefly reviewed, involving the abiotic generation of optical activity by exposure of DL-amino acids to various "chiral" physical forces. The enantiomeric enrichments so obtained were low, however, and additional experiments were undertaken with the objective of abiotically enhancing such small enantiomeric excesses. D not equal to L Mixtures of leucine N-carboxy anhydride gave enantiomerically enriched polymers on partial polymerization, while valine NCA mixtures behaved oppositely. Leucine polymers were also found to hydrolyze stereoselectively, providing for additional enantiomeric enhancement. A repetitive sequence of partial polymerization hydrolysis steps is suggested as a possible mechanism for the abiotic genesis of optically enriched polypeptides on the primitive Earth. PMID- 7231976 TI - Enantiomer enrichment in early peptides. AB - The two main ordered conformations of polypeptides, the alpha-helix and the beta sheet, were considered as possible asymmetric supports for stereoselective processes leading to the enrichment in one enantiomer. alpha-Helices can accommodate residues of both chirality distributed in the same chain, whereas the formation of beta-sheets arises from the association of chain segments containing at least seven residues of the same chirality. When the residue composition departs from the racemic mixture, one handedness of the helix is favored, whereas the beta-sheet nuclei become predominantly of a unique chirality. Taking into account these observations, processes of enrichment specific for alpha- amd beta structures were envisaged theoretically theoretically as well as experimentally. PMID- 7231977 TI - Critical evaluation of mathematical models for the amplification of chirality. AB - The main types of models related to the origin of biological asymmetry are reviewed and new models are proposed. It is shown that in polymerization (in contrast to Yamagata's hypothesis) only a temporary amplification of asymmetry occurs. Models have been constructed in which always the same enantiomer survives, independently of any fluctuations or asymmetric initial conditions. Therefore, the question of the "by chance" or the causal origin of biological asymmetry remains still open, although with a slight preference for a causal origin. PMID- 7231979 TI - Adsorption of amino acid entantiomers by Na-montmorillonite. PMID- 7231978 TI - Conservation of optical purity of amino acids: a principal problem in biochemical and proto-biochemical systems. PMID- 7231980 TI - Investigations of electron helicity in optically active molecules using polarized beams of electrons and positrons. AB - We will discuss one possible correlation between the origin of optical activity in biological molecules and the helicity of beta particles emitted in nuclear beta decay. This correlation is based on the supposition of Hrasko and Garay that electrons in optically active molecules possess helicity. Positronium formation experiments are significantly more sensitive to this particular effect than radiolysis experiments although no experiments of any type to date have obtained the sensitivity that our preliminary calculations indicate is necessary. We discuss a new experiment in which positronium is formed in vacuum with a low energy polarized positron beam. An improvement of up to 10(4) in sensitivity to the effect is possible. PMID- 7231981 TI - Beta irradiation may induce stereoselectivity in the crystallization of optical isomers. AB - A novel approach has been introduced to detect the manifestation of symmetry breaking weak interactions at molecular level. In the racemic conglomerate crystallization of D,L-sodium-ammonium tartrate the effect of 32P irradiation was studied by measuring the weight and optical purity of the crystalline phase as well as the size distribution of the crystallites. The high number of independent experiments (over 1000) permitted statistical analysis of the results. The following observations have been made: 1. Beta irradiation influences the crystallization process, irradiated samples yield more crystalline material. 2. The effect involves presumably crystal seed formation because from the irradiated solutions more and smaller crystallites are formed. 3. The presence of beta particles induces stereoselective crystallization, the crystalline phase shows optical activity characteristic of the "unnatural" L-isomer. 4. The above changes are attributed to the beta irradiation as the magnitude of the effects depends on the amount of added radioactivity. Optically active contaminants are highly unlikely sources of the differences between irradiated and control series. 5. In the absence of 32P the tartrate enantiomers have equal probability to form crystals, i.e., the contribution of mixing of weak interaction into the electromagnetic one is not measurable in this system. PMID- 7231982 TI - Reflections on the origin of optical asymmetry on earth. AB - The importance of optical purity, which was stressed in an earlier review, is reassessed in the light of recent evidence concerning the optical configuration of amino acids in biological systems. The most significant fact to emerge in recent years that bear on the origin of optical asymmetry is the experimental evidence for the Salam-Weinberg theory. However, the problem remains: is the effect of PNC-interactions too small to be detectable, and if it is so small, can it be of any significance? In view of the contradictory and confusing nature of the evidence on the induction of optical activity, it is suggested that the Bremen Symposium should agree on some experimental protocols. PMID- 7231983 TI - Chemical geometrodynamics: physical fields can cause asymmetric synthesis. AB - This paper presents theoretical arguments that suggest that chiral combinations of physical fields which can induce motion of elementary particles or molecular systems can in principle cause asymmetric synthesis. The theory is founded on the application of parity and time reversal operators to chiral dynamical systems. The motion of these systems induced by a chiral set of physical fields is shown not to be invariant on parity and time reflection. The relationship between tetrahedral dissymmetry and helical dissymmetry is analyzed in terms of the moments of inertia of a tetrahedrally dissymmetric rotor rotating around each of the four bond axes. The magnitude of anticipated enantiomeric excess which would result from conducting a prochiral chemical reaction in a chiral set of physical fields is estimated to be very small, parts per million or less, for virtually all sets of readily accessible physical fields. The results of experiments in which prochiral chemical reactions were conducted in a sealed tube which was spinning perpendicular or parallel to the earth's surface, are reviewed as are experiments in which prochiral chemical reactions were conducted in intense oriented magnetic fields. Enantiomeric recognition may have been one of the principal mechanisms for amplifying small differences in the rates of a given prochiral chemical reaction. PMID- 7231984 TI - A new idea and experiment related to the possible interaction between magnetic field and stereoselectivity. PMID- 7231985 TI - [The role of German medicine in the relations of Hungarian-Russian medicine in the history of 18th and 19th century medicine]. PMID- 7231986 TI - [Distraction or awareness? (Occupational psychologists at a pediatric hospital)]. PMID- 7231987 TI - [Infant mortality and infant care in Hungary]. PMID- 7231988 TI - [Pathomechanism of failure of the Cross-Jones heart valve prosthesis]. PMID- 7231989 TI - [IgE concentration and specific IgE level in children admitted with the diagnosis of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7231990 TI - [Cooperation of various specialties in the management of accidental injuries]. PMID- 7231992 TI - [Analgesia after cesarean section by peridural administration of morphine (preliminary report)]. PMID- 7231991 TI - [Development of Schwartz-Bartter syndrome following administration of chlorpropamide and 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin]. PMID- 7231993 TI - [Incidence of side effects of gastroenterologic endoscopic examinations in Hungary]. PMID- 7231994 TI - [The effect of diabetes mellitus on HDL-cholesterol levels]. PMID- 7231995 TI - [Comparison of demographic, health and self evaluation characteristics of the aged requiring gerontologic care in Budapest and Sofia]. PMID- 7231996 TI - [Simultaneous occurrence of gout and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7231997 TI - [Starch particles in the lymph nodes in lymphadenitis induced by BCG vaccination]. PMID- 7231998 TI - [Levamisol and complications of influenza]. PMID- 7231999 TI - Superior court faces 'wrongful life' issue. PMID- 7232000 TI - Nitrofurantoin toxicity. PMID- 7232001 TI - Legal and ethical aspects of closing your practice. PMID- 7232002 TI - Cardiopulmonary bypass and Factor XII deficiency. PMID- 7232003 TI - Is the doctor shortage over? PMID- 7232004 TI - New tax law puts kink in retirement plan arrangements. PMID- 7232005 TI - Sudden amnesia for personal identity. PMID- 7232007 TI - Myofascial trigger points, a possible explanation. PMID- 7232006 TI - Masseter inhibitory periods and sensations evoked by electrical tooth pulp stimulation. AB - The masseter inhibitory period and sensations evoked by electrical tooth pulp stimulation were assessed in 30 human subjects. Five intensities of electrical stimuli, producing sensations varying from below sensory detection threshold to suprathreshold pain, were applied to upper central incisors. At each stimulus intensity a train of 30, 1-msec, cathodal pulses with an interpulse interval of 2 sec was applied. The averaged masseter activity evoked by the 30 pulses at a fixed stimulus intensity was compared to the quality of the sensation elicited. The threshold for the masseter inhibitory period coincided approximately with an individual's detection threshold for the tooth pulp stimulation. Three configurations of masseter inhibitory periods (single, double and merged) were produced by different stimulus intensities. However, no particular configuration was associated unequivocally with pain sensation. Increases in stimulus intensity evoked changes both in the configuration of the masseter inhibitory period and in the quality of the sensation produced. Chi square analyses showed significant, but progressively weaker, associations between: (1) masseter inhibitory period configuration and stimulus intensity; (2) quality of sensation and stimulus intensity; and (3) quality of sensation and masseter inhibitory period configuration. The weakness of the association between the quality of sensation and masseter inhibitory period configuration also was demonstrated in a double blind study of the effects of a narcotic analgesic, fentanyl. Although the strengths of non-pain and pain sensations were reduced significantly after fentanyl, there were no changes in the masseter inhibitory periods. PMID- 7232008 TI - The similarity of the action of nitrous oxide and morphine. PMID- 7232009 TI - Evoked potentials to noxious thermal stimulation. PMID- 7232010 TI - Vibratory stimulation for the relief of pain of dental origin. AB - The present paper describes the effect of vibratory stimulation on pain of dental origin in 36 patients. The patients were from a clinic for dental surgery and all had suffered pain from pulpal inflammation, apical periodontitis or postoperative pain following extraction of an impacted wisdom tooth for more than 2 days. Vibration at 100 Hz was applied to various points in the facial region or the skull. All the patients except three experienced an effective reduction of the intensity of the pain. In the patients who experienced pain reduction there was usually a best point at which vibration had a greater pain alleviating effect than at other points. At some points the stimulation added to the pain. In 16 patients the stimulation caused a reduction in pain intensity of 75--100%; out of these 12 patients reported a complete relief of pain. PMID- 7232011 TI - Antinociceptive action of morphine and pentazocine on unit activity in the nucleus centralis lateralis, nucleus ventralis lateralis and nearby structures of the cat. AB - Single neuronal activity has been recorded extracellularly from the nucleus centralis lateralis (CL), ventralis lateralis (VL) and medialis dorsalis (MD) of the cat thalamus. The majority of the CL, VL and MD neurons were excited by nociceptive stimulation such as pinching the skin with serrated forceps and/or intra-arterial injection of bradykinin. The nociceptive neurons were also driven by non-nociceptive stimulation such as tap of deep tissues, bending hairs and an air-puff and/or joint rotation, and their receptive fields were large. After intravenous administration of either morphine or pentazocine, most nociceptive neurons became unresponsive to nociceptive stimuli, although they were driven by non-nociceptive stimuli. This suggests that morphine and pentazocine have a specific antinociceptive action on these nociceptive neurons. Intravenous naloxone reversed the antinociceptive action of morphine, but failed to reduce the action of pentazocine. This differentiation has an important functional significance. PMID- 7232012 TI - Pain thresholds and electromyographic features of periarticular muscles in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. AB - Electrical stimulation pain thresholds and EMG activity were studied, using the vastus medialis muscle of healthy control subjects and of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Various categories of sensation elicited by progressive increases of the level of electrical stimulation (including one defined as pain threshold) were defined for control subjects. For patients, muscular pain thresholds differed significantly for the two sides of the body; they were usually lower in the more affected side. Involuntary activity of certain motor units and delayed relaxation following voluntary contraction were consistently observed in patients. The involuntary activity was affected by limb position and by mechanical stimulation of tender areas of the muscle or joint. Differences in pain threshold between the two sides were significantly reduced and the EMG pattern became normal following treatment with injections of local anaesthetic into tender periarticular areas and systemic administration of lysine acetylsalicylate. In standing patients, abnormal EMG activity (which was characteristically sensitive to body load and its variations) was found. Injection of a local anaesthetic into the joint cavity was able to induce a rapid subjective improvement and a consistent reduction of EMG activity. PMID- 7232013 TI - A note on the occurrence of pain in psychiatric patients from a Canadian indian and Inuit population. AB - Fifty patients are reported from a psychiatric service to a Native population. Thirty-two (64%) had pain of whom 19 had physical lesions. The number with pain is thought to be somewhat higher than might have been predicted from a priori considerations. Depression was the commonest psychiatric diagnosis both with and without pain. The head was the commonest site for pain whilst no patient had pain in the back as a primary complaint and only two had back pain as a secondary complaint. PMID- 7232014 TI - Pain control: mastery through group experience. AB - This paper describes a group program which is part of the therapeutic management of out-patients with chronic pain at the multidisciplinary Pain Clinic in Hamilton, Ontario (McMaster Division, Chedoke-McMaster Hospital). The programme seeks to assist chronic pain sufferers in developing more adaptive coping styles. Groups of 12--14 patients meet for 9 weeks, 3 h/week, under the co-leadership of a physiotherapist and an occupational therapist with backgrounds in psychology and psychiatry. Seventy-five patients with diverse aetiologies of chronic pain have completed these "pain control classes". Outcome was assessed on the basis of several parameters. Results indicate a considerable reduction in depression, pain perception and analgesic intake. Conversely, employment figures increased from 20 to 48% after completion of the program. 21% were considered failures. Significant variables differentiating successes from failures were sex, marital status, work incentive, employment and absence of litigation or Workmen's Compensation claims. PMID- 7232015 TI - Round table on epidemiology of juvenile hypertension in Italy, Parma, June 4th 6th, 1979. PMID- 7232016 TI - Sequential screening for hypertension in adolescence. Three years follow-up. PMID- 7232017 TI - Precursors of atherosclerosis in children (WHO protocol): study of blood pressure in school children. The Pordenone study. PMID- 7232018 TI - Blood pressure in a high school population. Standards for blood pressure and the relation of age, sex, weight and body surface to blood pressure. PMID- 7232019 TI - First results of an epidemiological survey on juvenile hypertension. PMID- 7232020 TI - Hypertension in high schools of Bologna. PMID- 7232021 TI - Juvenile hypertension epidemiology. PMID- 7232022 TI - Blood pressure levels related to age and puberal development at adolescence. PMID- 7232023 TI - High systolic blood pressure in newborn infants and its relation with age, sex, weight, glycemia, hematocrit and method of delivery. PMID- 7232024 TI - Hypertension in school children in Naples. Detection and prevalence. PMID- 7232025 TI - An epidemiological study on arterial blood pressure in 504 junior high school students of a Rome district. PMID- 7232026 TI - Elastogenesis in inverted vein graft. An electron microscopic study. AB - The process of elastogenesis was followed by electron microscopy, from 6 hours to 360 days, in autogenous inverted vein grafts of dogs. The initial processes of the new wall formation over the grafts were similar to those observed in the organization of thrombis. At 40 days, the new wall consisted of three layers comparable to the intima, media and adventitia. New elastic fibers, as demonstrated by orcein stain, were formed around fibroblasts in teh granulation tissue after 20 days and in the adventitia after 40 days. In the media, elastogenesis was associated with smooth muscle cells and began after 40 days. A basement membrane-like material accumulated around smooth muscle cells and, to a much smaller degree, fibroblasts. Elastin aggregates appeared within the basement membrane-like material. These aggregates were stainable with orcein and selectivity digestable with elastase at pH 8.8. The earliest recognizable forms of elastic fibers were the small, spherical to elongated bodies not surrounded by microfibrils. Fused and enlarging elastin aggregates were surrounded by microfibrils. PMID- 7232027 TI - Probably role of excesses of vitamin D in genesis of arteriosclerosis. PMID- 7232029 TI - [Biosynthesis in vitro of extracellular matrix in arteriosclerotic areas of rabbit aortas. Autoradiographic study of tritiated proline incorporation kinetics]. AB - The elaboration of the extracellular matrix was investigated by radio autoradiography after incubation of aortic strips, isolated from thoracic aortas of healthy and atherosclerotic rabbits, with tritium labeled proline. Time course experiments indicated that there was a delay of about one hour before significant amounts (25%) of tritiated macromolecules were released from the intact smooth muscle cells. On the contrary, both, the level of incorporation and the rate of excretion of macromolecular components by modified smooth muscle cells of the atherosclerotic area from injured strips were increased. The results indicate that, under the conditions of incubation in vitro, the modified smooth muscle cells of atherosclerotic plaque exhibit a particular behaviour for both, quantitative and qualitative features of macro-molecular synthesis of the extracellular matrix. PMID- 7232028 TI - Changes in the morphology and location of arterial lesions in virgin and breeder Sprague-Dawley and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to adrenal regeneration hypertension. AB - Repeatedly bred, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), unlike breeder Sprague Dawley (S-D) rats, develop intimal hyalin lesions of the small sized gonadal arteries exclusively. When subjected to adrenal regeneration hypertension (ARH), breeder SHR develop aortic sclerosis identical to the arteriosclerosis which appears in breeder S-D rats. virgin and breeder S-D and SHR were subjected to ARH and were killed 8 weeks later. ARH caused a much greater increase in the blood pressure of S-D than in SH rats. Circulating levels of aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, and corticosterone were significantly lower in the ARH treated S-D and SH rats. The regenerated adrenal cortices of the S-D rats manifested extensive lipid depletion indicative of active synthesis and discharge; the regenerated cortices of SHR were replete with lipid suggestive of depressed steroidogenesis. The diverse morphology and anatomical location of arterial lesions in virgin vs breeder SR may be related to adrenal steroidogenesis. PMID- 7232030 TI - Quantitative modelling and prediction of development times of the free-living stages of Ostertagia ostertagi under controlled and field conditions. AB - The development of the free-living stages of Ostertagia ostertagi incubated at constant temperatures from 5 to 27 degrees C and in dung pats in the field was observed. The death rates were adequately described by a single exponential functional and the distribution of times for development by a delayed gamma density function. The times of appearance of selected development stages such as maximum numbers of embryonated eggs and half the maximum number of infective larvae, were highly dependent on temperature. The relationships between these times and temperature were adequately described by the Arrhenius equation. The parameters of this equation and mean hourly temperature recorded in dung pats in the field were used to predict development times in the field. A comparison of predicted and observed times showed that an initial delay accounted for a large proportion of the time required for development in dung pats, particularly the embryonation of eggs. This delay was attributed to lack of aeration associated with high moisture content of the dung pat. PMID- 7232031 TI - Observations on the development and survival of the free-living stages of Oesophagostomum dentatum both in their natural environments out-of-doors and under controlled conditions in the laboratory. AB - Eggs of Oesophagostomum dentatum in faeces deposited on grass plots from May to October developed into infective larvae. Warm wet weather facilitated development but weather conditions which caused the faeces to dry out rapidly resulted in a heavy mortality of eggs and pre-infective larvae. During the winter no development took place and the eggs died. In the early spring and late autumn a few eggs survived and developed into 1st-stage larvae but they died without developing further. In the laboratory no development took place at 4 degree C but at temperatures ranging from 10 to 25 degree C development into infective larvae was completed, the rate increasing as the temperature rose. Out-of-doors infective larvae survived in faeces and on herbage for 1 year under a wide range of climate conditions including the exceptionally cold winter of 1978--79. In the laboratory, infective larvae suspended in water survived even longer at temperatures ranging from 4 to 27 degree C. They were rapidly killed by continuous freezing and by desiccation when the relative humidity was less than 90%. The relationship between climatic conditions and the development and survival of the free-living stages is discussed. PMID- 7232032 TI - Effects of storage time and temperature on amylopectin levels and oocyst production of Eimeria meleagrimitis oocysts. AB - Eimeria meleagrimitis oocysts were stored at 4, 22, 32, or 41.5 degrees C for up to 1 year. Decreases in amylopectin levels (measured as glucose) and viability (measured as oocyst production and mortality in turkeys) of the oocysts were generally related to the length of time in storage and the storage temperature. Oocysts assayed immediately after harvest contained 58.29 +/- 0.75 micrograms of glucose/10(6) oocysts. When the oocysts were stored at 4 degree C for 162 days, the amylopectin level decreased to 65% of the original level. In oocysts stored at 22, 32 and 41.5 degrees C, amylopectin declined to approximately 20% within 162, 76, and 41 days, respectively. Oocysts stored at 4 degree C for 1 year produced more oocysts in turkeys than the original fresh isolate, but caused no mortality. Oocyst production from oocysts stored at 22 and 32 degrees C decreased gradually until, after 9 and 7 months respectively, no patent infections were produced. Oocyst production from oocysts stored at 41.5 degree C markedly reduced within 1 month and was not detected after 4 months. PMID- 7232033 TI - Eimeria necatrix: the development and characteristics of an egg-adapted (attenuated) line. AB - Sporozoites of Eimeria necatrix inoculated into the allantoic cavities of embryonating eggs completed their life-cycle in the chorio-allantoic membranes and produced fully viable oocysts. Subsequently, as a result of repeated passage in this host, an egg-adapted line was developed and was found to be markedly less pathogenic for chickens than the nonpassaged parent strain. Antigens capable of inducing protective immunity against challenge with low doses of the parent strain were retained, however, indicating a possible use for this egg-adapted (attenuated) line of E. necatrix in the immunization of commercially reared chickens. PMID- 7232034 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: a scanning electron microscope study of the developing schistosomulum. AB - The surface morphology of schistosomula extracted from the skin, lungs and hepatic portal system (hps) of mice was investigated from Days 0 to 18 post infection. Skin schistosomula and newly arrived schistosomula from the hps were of similar dimensions but were morphologically distinct. Lung schistosomula were considerably elongated with an estimated 53% increase in surface area compared to skin schistosomula. The pitted tegument of lung schistosomula was formed into ridges and troughs. These were compressed together in contracted individuals recovered from the hps on Day 10. The annular ridges were cross-linked by longitudinal septae which possibly prevent further elongation of the body. A regression of the spines between the mouth and the ventral sucker was observed in Day 2 skin schistosomula. In lung schistosomula only the spines at the anterior and posterior of the body remained. New spines were formed after the schistosomula reached the hps. It is suggested that the spines in the mid-region of the body are selectively disassembled and that their loss facilities migration along the lumina of capillaries with the residual spines acting as anterior and posterior anchors. The mouth opening was enlarged in schistosomula from the hps recovered from Day 10 onwards. Skin schistosomula lost the cercarial apical tegumentary ridges between 24 and 48 h after penetration but a spineless protrusible area remained. After arrival in the hps this area became integrated into the anterior surface as the oral sucker developed around the sub-terminal mouth. The cercarial ciliated papillae were lost on penetration. The migrating schistosomulum had few visible sensory papillae but following arrival in the hps new papillae were observed. PMID- 7232035 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: the ultrastructure of the ducts of the male reproductive system. AB - The reproductive duct of the male blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni is relatively short and undulating, extending from the most posterior testis to the beginning of the gynecophoric canal. The reproductive duct may be divided into 3 main regions which differ in ultrastructure; the vas efferens/deferens, the seminal vesicle and the cirrus tube. The epithelium of the vas efferens/deferens consists of a single layer of elongate cells with abundant convoluted lamellae on their apical surfaces. The wall of the seminal vesicle and the circus tube are tegumentary in nature. The basic similarities in structure of the surface tegument, the seminal vesicle and the cirrus tube suggest a common embryological origin. The presence of complex lamellae on the luminal surface suggests that the vas efferens and deferens have secretory and possibly nutritive functions apart from temporarily storing developing germ cells. The primary function of the seminal vesicle appears to be that of sperm storage; while the cirrus tube with its complex infolded wall is extensible for insemination. The presence of abundant concentrically distributed sensory papillae around the male genital pore may assist in the pairing of males and females. PMID- 7232036 TI - Nematodirus battus: scanning electron microscope studies of the duodenal mucosa of infected lambs. AB - Lambs given 60 000 third-stage larvae of Nematodirus battus were killed on days 16, 20 22, 24 and 32 of the infection and the duodenal mucosa was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On day 16 of the infection the villi were long and finger-like and, although goblet cells were visible, the surface of the villi was not extensively folded, as is the surface of villi of uninfected control animals. By day 20 of the infection the villi had been reduced to flattened, plate-like structures or had formed low, irregular-shaped ridges. On this day of the infection the nematodes appeared to be enclosed by mucus-like material. As the infection progressed the intestinal damage was repaired, so that, by day 24 of the infection, the surface of the intestine was covered by short, smooth, finger-like projections and, by day 32 of the infection, the morphology of the intestine was somewhat similar to that of the control lamb. The possible role of villus atrophy and of mucus in the rejection of N. battus from the intestine is discussed. PMID- 7232037 TI - Observations on the structure of the male reproductive system and spermatogenesis of Nematodirus battus. AB - In the male reproductive system of Nematodirus battus the spermatogonia and spermatocytes and arranged upon a central rachis and the spermatocytes are characterized by the presence of cup-shaped membranous organelles which are formed in association with Golgi complexes and granular endoplasmic reticulum. Spermatozoa of N. battus in the male nematode have a electron-dense, conical tail like region which contains the nuclear material and an elongate cytoplasmic region which contains the cell organelles. In the uterus of the female, however, the cytoplasmic region of the spermatozoon has an amoeboid appearance and in the seminal receptacle the cytoplasmic region is dome-shaped and many of the membranous organelles have connexions with the outer membrane of the spermatozoa. Movement was not observed in spermatozoa released from the seminal vesicle of the male worm. PMID- 7232038 TI - Changes in the adenylate energy charge of Nematospiroides dubius and Trichostrongylus colubriformis paralysed by levamisole in vivo. AB - The adenine nucleotide content and adenylate energy charge of Nematospiroides dubius from laboratory mice and of Trichostrongylus colubriformis from lambs has been measured. Administration of the anthelmintic, levamisole, to infected hosts resulted in only a slight fall in the adenylate energy charge of N. dubius over a 3-h period but there was a greater fall in the adenylate energy charge of T. colubriformis during this period. In neither case did the energy charge fall quickly, nor did it fall to the low levels which would be expected if the levamisole were inhibiting synthesis of ATP. The changes in energy charge of the nematodes which occurred following administration of levamisole to their hosts was of the order which can be satisfactorily explained by changes in the environment of the nematodes, such as reduced oxygen tension. It is concluded that the maintenance of levamisole-induced paralysis of these two species of trichostrongyle in vivo does not rely on the inhibition of fumarate reductase. PMID- 7232040 TI - Prostaglandin treatment of newborns with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease. PMID- 7232039 TI - Management of the cyanotic newborn. PMID- 7232041 TI - Cardiac surgery in infancy. PMID- 7232042 TI - Central nervous system and facial defects associated with maternal hyperthermia at four to 14 weeks' gestation. AB - An analysis of 28 dysmorphic offspring with a retrospectively ascertained history of maternal hyperthermia during the first trimester of pregnancy showed a similarity in their pattern of CNS dysfunction and facial dysmorphogenesis. All survivors had mental deficiency and most of them demonstrated altered muscle tone, including hypotonia with increased deep tendon reflexes. Those exposed at four to seven weeks' gestation showed an increased prevalence of facial dysmorphogenesis. The duration of the high fever was usually one or more days, an unusual occurrence during the first trimester of pregnancy. The nature of these defects in relation to the relative timing of hyperthermia exposure is similar to that previously noted in animal studies. The morphogenetic implications of these findings are explored and the need for larger, controlled studies is suggested. PMID- 7232043 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome in a pediatric intensive care unit: predisposing conditions, clinical course, and outcome. AB - Adult respiratory distress syndrome, commonly seen in adults, is not well recognized in children. A retrospective chart review was carried out to determine the relative incidence, predisposing conditions, clinical course, and outcome of children with adult respiratory distress syndrome. fifteen patients were identified. The most common predisposing conditions were near-drowning and near strangulation with a noticeable absence of major trauma. Mortality was 60%. Death was most often secondary to central nervous system complications. Air leak was the most common complication of treatment. Two of six survivors suffered major neurologic handicaps. Long-term pulmonary sequelae were minimal. PMID- 7232044 TI - Longitudinal assessment of children with enteroviral meningitis during the first three months of life. AB - Nine children who had enteroviral meningitis during the first three months of life and nine matched control children were evaluated for possible sequelae of their infection. The mean age of the children with meningitis was 46.67 months at the time of testing and that of the control subjects was 47.33 months. The mean IQ level of 89.67 obtained in the control children. Receptive vocabulary testing suggested that the receptive language functioning of the group with meningitis was significantly less than that of the control group. There was no significant difference in head circumference, no detectable sensorineural hearing loss, and no detected difference in intellectual functioning between the meningitis group and matched control subjects. PMID- 7232045 TI - Prolonged prostaglandin E1 infusion: histologic effects on the patent ductus arteriosus. AB - An infant with Ebstein's malformation of the tricuspid valve and severe pulmonic stenosis underwent a 39-day course of prostaglandin E1 infusion, and a histologic study of the ductus arteriosus was undertaken after autopsy. There were marked alterations in the ductal and juxtaductal structures following this prolonged infusion of prostaglandin E1. The internal elastic lamella of the ductus was disrupted in many areas. The media showed widespread areas of disruption with cavity formation. The adventitia adjacent to the junction of the ductus with the pulmonary artery was thickened and infiltrated with mononuclear cells. The nerve trunks in the adventitia were markedly infiltrated with mononuclear cells and showed cavitation as well as considerable surrounding edema. Mucopolysaccharides were increased throughout the ductus. These changes produced increased fragility of the ductal and juxtaductal structures, thus increasing the likelihood of spontaneous aneurysms and rupture, or of tearing or rupture at the aortic and pulmonary junctions at the time of surgical closure of the ductus. Unusual fragility of the ductus, pulmonary artery, and aorta has been observed during ligation of the ductus following prostaglandin E infusions lasting seven and ten days. Additionally, another patient who had received prostaglandin E infusion for six days demonstrated aneurysmal fullness to the ductus arteriosus at autopsy. The histologic findings and intraoperative experience in this study suggest that there may be a real danger of spontaneous or surgically related rupture of the ductus arteriosus after prolonged infusion of prostaglandins. PMID- 7232046 TI - Metabolic alkalosis secondary to baking soda treatment of a diaper rash. AB - A 4-month-old infant was seen with hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis that was associated with prior application of liberal amounts of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to a diaper rash. After exclusion of other etiologies of the infant's acid-base disturbance, a complete resolution occurred following discontinuation of the baking soda applications. This case report provides a reminder of the significant side effects that may result from the excessive use of a seemingly harmless household substance. PMID- 7232047 TI - Physician incentives for shared management of childhood cancer patients. AB - Four years' experiences of 69 primary care physicians who delivered more than 70% of the chemotherapy to 174 children with cancer were assessed. Five academic pediatric oncologists were responsible for diagnosis, assignment to a clinical trial protocol, and overall management. The academicians saw the patients at diagnosis and at regularly scheduled intervals but provided care for less than 30% of the outpatient visits. Factors examined included: (1) why the primary care physicians agreed to participate in the care of these patients, (2) how they thought their participation affected the patient and the patient's family, (3) how participation affected their personal and professional development, (4) how participation affected their practice, (5) what their perceptions were concerning the merits of traditional specialist management, and (6) their overall evaluation of the Iowa shared-management program. The initial agreement by primary care physicians to participate in shared management was related to their perception that it would improve the overall care of their patients. The physicians agreed that the program saved the family time and money, was of educational value, personally satisfying, and not economically detrimental to their practice. They did not identify areas where specialist management had clear advantages over shared management and none reported dissatisfaction with this management program. PMID- 7232048 TI - Motor vehicle occupant injuries in noncrash events. AB - Data on injuries sustained by child occupants in motor vehicles occurring in noncrash events are generally unrecorded. This study was undertaken to ascertain the occurrence of medically confirmed injuries sustained by child occupants in motor vehicles as a result of noncrash events. Seventy-nine children were seen in the emergency room for evaluation of injuries that they incurred as occupants in motor vehicle incidents over a period of 18 months. The majority of injuries occurred in crash events. However, 18 (23%) were injured in noncrash events. These events included sudden stops, swerves, turns, and movement of an unrestrained child within the vehicle. The mechanism of injury was either ejection from the vehicle or impact with an interior area of the vehicle. In five of the 18 cases safety restraint use could not be established. Of the 13 cases in which information was obtained, no child was restrained. Although the injuries were predominantly minor (Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 1), two children sustained moderate injury (AIS 2), and one child sustained severe injury (AIS 3). These results need to be confirmed by a larger study and if confirmed, the additional hazard of injury from noncrash events should be incorporated into health education messages that currently place primary emphasis on the potential for injury in crash events. PMID- 7232049 TI - There's a demon in your belly: children's understanding of illness. AB - Knowledge of how children come to understand the processes of causation, prevention, and treatment of illness is needed to help health professionals and educators in their work with children. Healthy children attending kindergarten through eighth grade were asked a series of standardized questions about illness, and their responses were scored on a scale corresponding to Piaget's theoretical framework of cognitive development. Children's responses varied widely at all ages, but there was a consistent systematic progression in their understanding of illness-related concepts with age. Kindergarten children typically understand illness causation as quite magical, and/or as the consequence of their transgression of rules. At fourth grade, children believe all illness to be caused by germs whose very presence is sufficient to make a child sick. The complexity of the mechanisms that must interrelate to cause illness is not understood until eighth grade at the earliest. At approximately 12 or 13 year of age children begin to understand that there are multiple causes of illness, that the body may respond variably to any or a combination of agents, and that host factors interact with the agent to cause and cure illness. This sequence in the development of understanding about illness parallels conceptual development in other content areas such as physical causality, although it seems to lag a bit. The delineation of the concepts typical of children at each developmental stage, as provided in this paper, will help to guide educational efforts and future research. PMID- 7232050 TI - Renal failure as a complication of acute antihypertensive therapy. AB - Adult patients with long-standing hypertension have been reported to experience an impairment in renal function when treatment with potent vasodilating agents is initiated. To document that this sequence may occur in children as well, we report the case of a 4-year-old boy with renal disease in whom reduction of blood pressure to normal levels was accompanied on three occasions by oliguric renal failure. During each episode, the correlation between reduction in blood pressure and increase in serum creatinine level was significant (P less than .05); furthermore, the slope of the relationship was similar with each episode. This phenomenon suggests an impairment of renal autoregulation in this patient. Maintenance of normal blood pressure for several months was accompanied by a gradual return of renal function to pretreatment levels. This case suggests that particular attention should be paid to renal function during the initiation of antihypertensive therapy, particularly in patients with renal vascular damage. Present evidence does not appear to warrant modification of the current therapeutic philosophy of aggressive management in patients with severe hypertension. PMID- 7232051 TI - Plasma concentrations of isoniazid in children with tuberculous infections. AB - Six children with tuberculous infection were given their daily prescribed doses of isoniazid by the oral and the intramuscular route on different days. The plasma concentrations reached after both routes of administration were nearly equivalent. The plasma half-life of isoniazid ranged from 1.6 to 4.8 hours. The observed plasma concentrations in these children were higher than those reported in many adults. This difference is due to the larger doses of isoniazid prescribed for children. PMID- 7232052 TI - Orbital infarction in sickle cell disease. AB - Bone infarction is a common occurrence in sickle cell disease. Described are three cases in which frontal headache, proptosis, and lid edema were seen with infarction of the orbital bone. Radionuclide scanning was useful in distinguished bone infarction from orbital infection in one case. PMID- 7232053 TI - Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of cutaneous abscesses in children. AB - Specimens from 209 cutaneous abscesses in children were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Of these, nine (4%) were sterile and 51 (24%) yielded pure cultures that were predominantly Staphylococcus aureus. The rest of the abscesses yielded growth of two or more aerobic and/or anaerobic organisms. The data were organized according to these anatomic locations: head, neck, trunk, finger, nailbed, hand, leg, buttocks, perirectal, and vulvovaginal areas. Aerobic bacteria only were present in 92 specimens (46%), anaerobes only were isolated in 52 (26%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were present in 56 abscesses (28%). A total of 467 isolates (270 anaerobes and 197 aerobes) were recovered, accounting for 2.3 isolates per specimen (1.3 anaerobes and 1.0 aerobes). The presence of more than one anaerobe per abscess was obtained from the vulvo vaginal, buttocks, perirectal, finger, nailbed, and head areas. Aerobes were more prevalent in the neck, hand, leg, and trunk areas. The predominant aerobes recovered were: S aureus (89 isolates), alpha- and nonhemolytic streptococci (29), group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (16), Enterobacter (10), and Escherichia coli (8). The predominant anaerobes recovered were anaerobic Gram positive cocci (79 isolates), Bacteroides sp (116, including 31 B melaninogenicus group and 29 B fragilis group), and Fusobacterium sp (39). Our findings indicate the polymicrobial nature and predominance of anaerobes in cutaneous abscesses in children in perirectal, head, finger, and nailbed areas. PMID- 7232054 TI - Reassessment of the microcytic anemia of lead poisoning. AB - Hematologic abnormalities in childhood lead poisoning may be due, in part, to the presence of other disorders, such as iron deficiency or thalassemia minor. In order to reassess increased lead burden as a cause of microcytic anemia, we studied 58 children with class III or IV lead poisoning, normal iron stores, and no inherited hemoglobinopathy. Anemia occurred in 12% and microcytosis in 21% of these children. The combination of anemia and microcytosis was found in only one of 58 patients (2%). When only children with class IV lead poisoning were studied, the occurrence of microcytosis increased to 46%. However, the combination of microcytosis and anemia was found in only one of these 13 more severely affected patients. Microcytic anemia was similarly uncommon in children with either blood lead concentration greater than or equal to 50 microgram/100 ml. These data indicate that microcytosis and anemia occur much less commonly than previously reported in childhood lead poisoning uncomplicated by other hematologic disorders. PMID- 7232055 TI - Subclinical levels of lead and developmental deficit--a multivariate follow-up reassessment. AB - Scores on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, school reading tests, teacher ratings, and several exploratory measures were obtained for urban black school-aged children, first studied five years previously. These were related, for 63 children, to preschool blood lead, school-age blood lead, and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels, and, for 34 children, to dentine lead. Most outcome variables were not significantly related to the lead variables. Preliminary analyses indicated that results of several of the McCarthy Scales, including the critical General Cognitive Index and Verbal Scales, and the reading test were significantly impaired in higher lead level groupings. However, incorporating a brief measure of parent IQ into the analyses decreased variance associated with lead and led to a strong suspicion of the remaining significant results. Few investigators reporting positive effects have considered parent intelligence, which is known to be a major determinant of developmental status. For this and other admittedly difficult methodologic reasons, conclusions from prior studies are questioned. PMID- 7232056 TI - The bowel cocktail. PMID- 7232057 TI - Toxic shock syndrome--scientific uncertainty and the public media. PMID- 7232058 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Pediatric Aspects of Physical Fitness, Recreation, and Sports. Competitive athletics for children of elementary school age. PMID- 7232060 TI - Prevention of suicide. PMID- 7232059 TI - New concepts in phototherapy. PMID- 7232061 TI - Serious analytical and conceptual errors in bilirubin binding studies. PMID- 7232062 TI - Diet and hyperactivity. PMID- 7232063 TI - Swallowed toothpaste--a danger or not. PMID- 7232064 TI - Hitting then hugging children. PMID- 7232065 TI - Is kernicterus always the definitive evidence of bilirubin toxicity? PMID- 7232066 TI - Exchange transfusion for severe neonatal septicemia. PMID- 7232067 TI - Exaggerated natural measles following attenuated virus immunization: a refraction -toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 7232068 TI - [Treatment of central precocious puberty with danazol]. PMID- 7232069 TI - [Neonatal course of coagulation parameters]. PMID- 7232070 TI - [Neurogenic hypernatremia]. PMID- 7232071 TI - [Acute cardiac failure caused by myocardial metastasis of an unrecognized Ewing sarcoma]. PMID- 7232072 TI - [Ulcerative digestive hemorrhage treated by arterial embolization in a 10-year old child]. PMID- 7232073 TI - [Apnea and theophylline in the premature infant. Clinical and pharmacokinetic study in 32 premature infants]. PMID- 7232075 TI - Structure of motor abilities in children. AB - Theoretical and empirical studies in motor abilities were synthesized to construct an extensive range of tests items with auxiliary apparatus. These items were administered to 765 children between ages 4 1/2 and 14 1/2 yr. Results indicate that motor proficiency can be assessed safely and reliably in one testing period. The factor analysis of the 46 items supported the original subtest grouping of the items which employed a theoretical-rational strategy. Factor analysis of the subtests suggested the existence of two major dimensions, speed-precision-strength and balance-coordination. PMID- 7232076 TI - Modified regulated-breathing in treatment of a single case of stuttering. PMID- 7232074 TI - Relationship between perceptual stability and reversal of perspective. AB - We have examined the relationship between the perspective reversal of both the Necker cube and the Schroder staircase and perceptual stability for 49 undergraduate students in psychology. There was a positive, statistically significant correlation of moderate magnitude between number of reversals of the Necker cube and differential score of perceptual stability, i.e., the difference between persistence of the visual image under right and left monocular viewing. PMID- 7232077 TI - Visual laterality effects: reexamination. AB - Subjects were asked to indicate, by a simple motor response, the presence or absence of a word (signal) in unilaterally presented five-letter words and nonwords (noise). Both vertical and horizontal orientation of stimuli were employed. Detection accuracy (d') did not differ between visual hemifields and was greater for horizontal than for vertical orientation. Decision making was more conservative for left-hemifield presentation and more conservative for vertical orientation. Models for perceptual asymmetry based on structural differences between cerebral hemispheres are weakened by the results. PMID- 7232078 TI - Relationship between Bender Designs and Basic Living Skills of geriatric psychiatric patients. AB - 35 geriatric psychiatric patients were given the Bender-Gestalt and examined on level of Basic Living Skills Assessment. Significant inverse relationships were found between scores on the Bender-Gestalt and five of the seven Basic Living Skills Assessment scales indicating a decrease in patients' functioning with increased visual-motor impairment scores. Skills involving gross motor behaviors were moderately related to poor Bender performance (-.47). These findings suggest the utility of the Basic Living Skills Assessment in identifying the nature and extent of those living skills deficits associated with assessed visual-motor impairment. PMID- 7232079 TI - Parents of disturbed enuretic and non-enuretic children. AB - The values and child-rearing attitudes of parents of three groups of children (enuretics, clinically symptomatic non-enuretics, normals) were evaluated with the Study of Values and Parental Attitude Research Instrument. The parents of the clinically symptomatic enuretics and non-enuretics did not differ. However, the patterns of the two clinical groups differed significantly from the parents of the normals on a number of PARI variables. PMID- 7232080 TI - Reversal of asymmetry in human perceptual performance as a function of labeling, mode of response, and familiarity. AB - It has previously been demonstrated that certain characteristics of the stimulus, specifically visual complexity and verbal association value, as well as mnemonic factors are important in producing the usually obtained asymmetry in human perceptual performance, and thus presumably, hemispheric asymmetry of function. The present research demonstrated that the usual superiority of the left visual field for high-complexity, low-association-value visual forms can be reversed by the acquisition and use of verbal labels for such stimuli but is only attenuated when the labels are not used to respond to the stimuli. Simple familiarity with the visual stimuli attenuated the difference between the fields, but here there was no reversal. Implications of these results for hemispheric processing are discussed. PMID- 7232081 TI - Body schema and lateralization. AB - To study some aspects of the relationship between body schema and lateralization, 44 female subjects between 19 and 39 yr. of age were measured using a test of accuracy of perception for the right and left halves of the body. Analysis gave three different groups: subjects with larger indexes of deviation on the left (56%), those with larger indexes of deviation on the right (31%), and others with no difference between right and left halves (11%). PMID- 7232082 TI - Transfer of perceptual learning: role of tactual-kinesthetic feedback reexamined. AB - Albino rats were pre-exposed to stimuli in an otherwise visually sparse environment, with visibility and opportunity to manipulate the forms controlled during rearing. Analysis indicated that pre-exposing animals to stimuli which provided either tactual-kinesthetic feedback or highly visible forms significantly facilitated subsequent discrimination learning. The findings question the adequacy of either an attention-getting or tactual-kinesthetic feedback to account for differences in transfer effects in studies using two- and three-dimensional forms. It is suggested that the visibility of the forms and the opportunity to inspect the forms during pre-exposure is the important variable in studies of this type. PMID- 7232083 TI - Satiation effects with reversible figures. AB - Three experiments were performed to examine the rate at which reversible perspective figures (Necker cubes) undergo apparent reversal, as a function of selected stimulus variables. 100 subjects were instructed not to inhibit or to promote reversals of perspective, but to remain neutral. The data indicated: (1) an incomplete cube reverses less frequently than does a corresponding complete figure, (2) two adjacent cubes reverse in synchrony when of equal luminance but often out of phase when differing in luminance, (3) a shift of the cube's retinal position causes its reversal rate to drop to baseline level. These results suggest that the reversal effect increases over time due to a localized rather than general process, and are thus compatible with a sensory satiation model of perceptual alternation. PMID- 7232084 TI - Inappropriate constancy scaling theory and the Mueller-Lyer illusion. AB - Gregory's Inappropriate Constancy Scaling explanation for visual illusion was investigated. If perceptual experience with real-life edges and angles, near and far, leads to constancy scaling which is inappropriately applied to the Mueller Lyer configuration, then configurations which are based upon angles of regard in between the two extreme field patterns would produce illusory effects between the two conventional Mueller-Lyer effects. A model representing one edge of a cubic figure, i.e., one vertical and four horizontal lines, was constructed of wooden dowel rods and photographed at predetermined angles. Transparencies based on the photographed images were then used to determine the PSE at each of these angles. Generally, we interpret out results as supportive of the theory, since PSEs increase as a function of angular change from 0 degrees to 180 degrees. The linear trend is complicated by an unexpected cubic trend, but an explanation is proposed. PMID- 7232085 TI - Post-imperative negativity and prognosis in senile dementia. PMID- 7232086 TI - Effects of age on color preference for black and white by infants and young children. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether age influenced preference for the colors black and white by infants and young children. The investigator administered a color-preference test to 160 subjects who attended day-care centers and who ranged in age from 6 mo. to 4.5 yr. There were equal numbers of males and females and equal numbers of Afro- and Euro-American subjects. Ages of the subjects were controlled so there were 20 subjects in each 6-mo. age interval. Data were obtained from a 12-term test in which pairs of toys were presented to each subject. The toys were identical except that one was black and the other was white. The toy the subject selected was considered the subject's preference and the color of that toy was recorded. Results of a chi-squared test and of an analysis of variance indicated that, as a group, age affected color preference. A pro-black bias was found for the younger children. The findings suggest that color preference of infants and young children is not the same as for older children and adults. PMID- 7232087 TI - Role of the Lombard effect in lingual vibrotactile thresholds. AB - Lingual sensory, auditory, and vocal intensity interactions were investigated for 20 subjects. Lingual vibrotactile measurements were obtained from the lingual dorsum after normal reading, reading during exposure to auditory masking producing the "Lombard effect," and reading with matched Lombard loudness with no auditory masking. Results do not demonstrate a significant shift in threshold for lingual sensitivity in the presence of auditory masking that previous studies have shown. The observed results are discussed with reference to possible physiological properties and experimental and procedural variables. PMID- 7232088 TI - Moral reasoning in alcoholics and addicts: structure vs content. AB - 19 alcoholics and 20 addicts were selected from the detoxified inpatient population of a VA hospital. 17 socioeconomically matched controls were drawn from the nonprofessional staff. Kohlberg's Moral Maturity scores were not significantly different for the three groups. However, the content variables involved in choosing between the value of life and law differentiated these groups. The value of reporting both structure and content was examined. PMID- 7232090 TI - Alpha EEG and simple reaction time. PMID- 7232089 TI - Handedness and drinking-smoking types. AB - This work showed that more sinestrals both smoke and drink together more and abstain less in both uses than dextrals. This association is stronger for females than men, regardless of age. The sample included whites, 18 to 69 yr. old, who were residents of Tecumseh, Michigan (N = 1,153). PMID- 7232092 TI - N-achievement motive in fiction written for disabled readers. PMID- 7232091 TI - Lack of behavioral effects from Feingold diet violations. AB - Children were included in this challenge study if according to parental report (1) the child's hyperactive behavior had been noticeably improved for at least 3 mo. as a result of adherence to the Feingold diet and (2) dietary violations such as those used in the study were reported to have a noticeable negative effect. Evaluations of 14 objective measures in a double-blind, cross-over design yielded no significant differences between diet infraction and noninfraction conditions. In addition to questioning the stated efficacy of the diet, findings suggest that one should not depend solely on parental report when evaluating a dietary effect and should also weight potential negative effect of adherence to the diet. PMID- 7232093 TI - Lateral preference and mental ability. AB - The relationships between mental abilities and lateralities were examined. On any items of a lateral preference questionnaire, significant differences between subjects with right and left preferences were not found on either verbal or non verbal scores of intelligence scales. Some significant differences were found between tasks. On the geometric figure-combination task, subjects using scissors left handed had lower scores than right-handed ones. PMID- 7232094 TI - Non-specificity of motor hyperactivity as a diagnostic criterion. AB - The relationship between motor hyperactivity and childhood depression was investigated in a group of 178 children referred for evaluation of school problems. 60% (n = 107) of the children fulfilled the modified Feighner criteria for primary childhood depression. 44% (n = 78) of the children had motor hyperactivity and 75% (n = 59) of these also showed depression. Terminal insomnia, somatic complaints, self-deprecation, episodic loss of interest in school and usual activities, social withdrawal, and preoccupation with death and dying were the symptoms which significantly differentiated depressed from non depressed children. PMID- 7232095 TI - Factors influencing tutors' perceptions of retarded children. AB - After tutoring experience 5 college students who tutored handicapped children responded more negatively and 27 tutors of nonhandicapped children responded less negatively to labels, Mentally Handicapped Child and Normal Child, than previously. The former label was more negatively rated than Normal Child. PMID- 7232096 TI - Hemispheric correlates of the Rod-and-Frame test. AB - 38 right-handed children in sixth grade (17 boys and 21 girls) were administered the WISC Block Design to reflect activity of the right hemisphere of the brain and two versions (verbal and nonverbal) of the Rod-and-frame Test, a measure of field dependence/independence. The Pearson product-moment correlations showed a significant negative correlation between the traditional verbal administration of the Rod-and-frame Test and the WISC Block Design only for the 17 boys. The nonverbal procedure used to administer the Rod-and-frame Test showed a significant negative correlation with the WISC Block Design for both boys and girls. These results were interpreted to reflect a right hemisphere processing for the nonverbal Rod-and-frame Test and a possible sex bias in the traditional verbal administration of the Rod-and-frame Test which might inhibit girls' performance. PMID- 7232098 TI - Influence of background patterns of coincidence-anticipation performance. AB - 15 boys and 15 girls, 6 yr. old, participated in a study assessing the influence of visual background patterns and object speed on coincidence-anticipation. The Bassin Anticipation Timer, utilizing light-emitting diodes in the lighted runway and pushbutton, was used to determine the subjects' accuracy of anticipation of the dynamic target light. The two object speeds were 1.45 and 2.90 kilometers per hour, and the two background conditions were a solid black background and red vertical stripes on a black background. Absolute and constant temporal errors were recorded for a total of 24 trials utilizing a random order of 6 replications of the 4 conditions. Analysis of variance indicated only speed of the object, and not visual background patterns, influenced coincidence-anticipation performance. PMID- 7232097 TI - An entry in the great frame-tilt judging contest. AB - Some important questions about discrepancies between observer-perceived and investigator-defined direction of frame tilt are raised by Fine in his recent note on procedures used in the rod-and-frame test of field dependence. The practical and conceptual implications of these discrepancies are discussed in the present article in the context of Witkin's field-dependence theory and of recent findings on the nature of the rod-and-frame illusion. PMID- 7232099 TI - Lateralization: a closer look at the verbal laterality pattern in the bilateral paradigm. AB - This study examined how different orders of word report influence the verbal laterality pattern in the bilateral task. 20 adult subjects were free to report the lateralized words from left-to-right or right-to-left. Orders of word report influence both the degree and direction of the laterality pattern. PMID- 7232100 TI - Effect of auditory stimulation of subjects' chromatic visual fields. AB - The chromatic visual field of 14 subjects was measured while they heard a sound of 1000 Hz at 95 db during 3 min. Stimuli were produced by a monochromator. Visual threshold was lower under the influence of sound for red (lambda = 550 nm) and green (lambda = 610 nm) stimuli at 40 degrees, 45 degrees, and 50 degrees of temporal eccentricity. PMID- 7232101 TI - Use of chemical agents and avoidance of ontological confrontation of loneliness. AB - The Avoidance of the Ontological Confrontation of Loneliness Scale was used to assist the psychometric documentation of choice of an avoidance versus confrontation strategy to the issue of loneliness. Data were obtained from 118 males and 183 females (median age approximately 30 yr.) selected from both community and university locations in Alberta and Saskatchewan. Analysis showed low scorers (confronters) reported less use of medications and hard drugs than medium and high scorers. High scorers (avoiders) reported less use of tobacco than both medium and low groups as well as less use of alcoholic beverages than the medium scorers. Results were compared with earlier research findings between the Loneliness scale and the use of various chemical agents. PMID- 7232102 TI - Correlational structure as a determinant of goodness of complex patterns. AB - The stimulus sets used by Whitman and Garner (1962) to study the effect of form of redundancy on free-recall learning were arranged in 3 X 3 configurations to form single patterns. Various spatial arrangements of the 9 figures in each of the 3 sets tested several questions regarding judged goodness of form. Rating of goodness of form on a 7-point scale were made by 32 college students. Patterns composed of elements which have correlated structure in the form of simple contingencies, and which Whitman and Garner found were easily learned in free recall, are good; patterns composed of elements which have correlational structure in the form of complex interactions, and which Whitman and Garner found were extremely difficult to learn, are not. Uncertainty calculated for spatial position using 2-dimensional Cartesian coordinates as variables does not appear to be associated with pattern goodness. However, spatial arrangements of the elements exert a very strong effect on pattern goodness. PMID- 7232105 TI - Overview of human exposure to dieldrin residues in the environment and current trends of residue levels in tissue. AB - An overview of available literature indicates that dieldrin residues are still found routinely in soil, air, water, and food, despite the 1974 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ban on the use of aldrin and dieldrin. Dieldrin residue levels in environmental substrates, which are indicative of aldrin or dieldrin use, have decreased significantly since the mid-1960s, the peak usage years. However, human tissue studies do not show a corresponding decline in dieldrin residue levels. Thirteen studies, conducted between 1963 and 1976, show that average dieldrin levels in human adipose tissue and human milk fat remain between 0.160 ppm and 0.220 ppm. Other studies suggest that an equilibrium exists in the distribution of dieldrin among various tissues in humans, including blood, fat, brain, and liver. This relationship indicates that the concentration of dieldrin in any tissue may be used as an index of total body burden. Thus it appears that the concentration of dieldrin in the human body has reached a constant level at which the amount ingested and absorbed equals the amount metabolized and excreted. The mechanism of the stable concentrations is unknown, as are the possible health effects of chronic, low-level exposure to dieldrin. PMID- 7232103 TI - Use of selected freshwater bivalves for monitoring organochlorine pesticide residues in major Mississippi stream systems, 1972-73. AB - Seven species of freshwater Pelecypoda, Amblema costata, Corbicula manilensis, Elliptio crassidens, lampsilis anadontoides, Lampsilis claibornensis, Megalonaias gigantea, and Plectomerus dombeyanus, were collected and monitored for pesticide content during 1972 and 1973. Thirteen collection sites, representing five major river basins in the state of Mississippi, were sampled and compared. During the 24-month study, 26 water samples and 58 claim samples from the five river basins were analyzed. Individual samples weighed from 8 g to 20 g and consisted of 1-30 clams, depending on size. Residues of toxaphene and methyl parathion were found only in 1973 water samples. The study shows that freshwater clams are effective monitors of pesticide content. The tendency of clams to concentrate pesticides and their corresponding ability to eliminate them varies with species. Significant reductions in DDT and a corresponding buildup of p,p'-TDE were noted in 1973, following the limitations on the use of DDT and large-scale flooding throughout the state. PMID- 7232104 TI - Organochlorine and heavy metal residues in black duck eggs from the Atlantic Flyway, 1978. AB - Black duck (Anas rubripes) eggs were collected during 1978 in the Atlantic Flyway. One egg from each of 49 clutches was analyzed for organochlorine compounds and mercury. DDE was detected in 39 eggs, ranging from 0.09 ppm to 3.4 ppm, wet weight. DDE residues were highest in eggs from Delaware, where the mean DDE level was 2.0 ppm. DDT and TDE were present at low levels in only five and four eggs, respectively. PCBs resembling Aroclor 1260 were detected in 24 eggs and ranged from 0.43 ppm to 2.9 ppm. Eggs from Massachusetts and Rhode Island contained an average of greater than 1.0 ppm PCBs, but eggs from Nova Scotia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia contained no detectable PCBs. Dieldrin, oxychlordane, and heptachlor epoxide were present in a few samples at low levels. Mercury was detected in 31 eggs, ranging from 0.07 ppm to 0.34 ppm, wet weight. Twenty eggs analyzed for chromium, copper, and arsenic contained averages of 0.64 ppm, 1.7 ppm, and 0.18 ppm, respectively. No geographic pattern was observed in these metal residue levels. Eggshell thickness (0.347 mm) was identical to the pre-1946 norm. PMID- 7232107 TI - [Radioanatomical study on the pyloric branch and its diagnostic significance in angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232106 TI - Pesticides in ground water beneath irrigated farmland in Nebraska, August 1978. AB - During the 1978 irrigation season, 14 ground water samples were collected in the Central Platte region of Nebraska, an area known to have high nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) levels, and analyzed for the presence of 13 pesticide residues. Atrazine levels ranged from 0.06 microgram/liter to 3.12 microgram/liter and were correlated to NO3--N concentrations with a coefficient of r = +0.55. Nitrate nitrogen concentrations were measured as indicators of deep percolation from irrigated lands and ranged from 17.1 mg/liter to 34.3 mg/liter. Alachlor levels ranged from less than 0.01 microgram/liter to 0.71 microgram/liter. The amounts of 2,4-D were indeterminate because of experimental problems. Levels of the herbicides silvex and EPTC were below the limits of detectability. Levels of the organochlorine insecticides endrin, gamma-BHC (lindane), dieldrin, DDT and its primary metabolite DDE, heptachlor and its primary derivative heptachlor epoxide, and methoxychlor were all below the detectable limits of 0.005-0.010 microgram/liter. PMID- 7232108 TI - [A survey on radiation-induced cancer following radiotherapy in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232109 TI - The statistic study of radioactive iodine therapy for hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7232110 TI - [Estimation of stochastic risk from computed tomography examinations in Japan, 1979. 1. The number of examinations and scans (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232111 TI - Preliminary mortality survey from 1973 to 1977 of Japanese radiological technologists and analyses of the association of mortality with cumulative doses. PMID- 7232112 TI - [Stochastic risk estimation from medical x-ray diagnostic examinations. 2. Risk estimates of individuals from x-ray diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232113 TI - [The experimental study on dose related tumor-cell destruction and mononuclear cell-infiltration--enzymatical study on topical tumor tissue of C3H/He mice innoculated MM46-tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232114 TI - [New embolic material for therapeutic embolization of malignant tumor--gelatin sponge containing carbazilquinone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232115 TI - [Current cardiology]. PMID- 7232116 TI - [Arrhythmia and antiarrhythmic agents]. PMID- 7232117 TI - [Angina pectoris - examination and treatment]. PMID- 7232118 TI - [Trends in the epidemiology of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7232119 TI - [Shorter hospital stays for patients with acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7232120 TI - [Is the excessive Finnish mortality from myocardial infarct due to genetic or environmental factors?]. PMID- 7232121 TI - [Guidelines for health care and care of the sick in Finland in the 1980's. Emphasis on health centres and general medicine]. PMID- 7232122 TI - [Priority of primary care - obstacles and suggestions for suitable measures]. PMID- 7232123 TI - [Supply of aids to the disabled in Scandinavia]. PMID- 7232124 TI - [Scandinavian cooperation will give better and cheaper for the disabled. Interview by Eva Oldinger]. PMID- 7232125 TI - Rolled-head and nuclear-crest sperm defects in a rare case of presumeddiploidy in the bull. PMID- 7232126 TI - [Pregnancy examination in the sow. A comparison of two types of ultrasound equipment and rectal examination (author's transl)]. AB - The accuracy in using different types of ultrasound equipment (puls echo and Doppler) and rectal examination for pregnancy control in the sow was studied. The ultrasound instrument of the puls echo type had low accuracy in non pregnant sow and high frequency of uncertain diagnosis. Concerning the Doppler instrument the accuracy was lowest in pregnant sows. This instrument had low frequency of uncertain diagnosis. Of the two ultrasound instruments studied, the Doppler instrument was considered the most suitable for pregnancy examination in the sow. Rectal examination gave 100% correct diagnosis in the period 30-60 days after mating. Some sows were examined rectally 19-24 days after mating, but during this period the diagnoses were uncertain. PMID- 7232127 TI - Middle piece defects of testicular origin in bull sperm. PMID- 7232128 TI - Influence of long term storage on fertility of deep frozen bull semen. PMID- 7232129 TI - Observations on the early development of embryos from repeat breeder heifers. AB - The early development of embryos collected from repeat breeder heifers after slaughter was studied using different methods; morphological appearance, number of cells and features in semithin sections of Epon embedded material. Embryos collected from virgin heifers were used as controls. The incidence of abnormal embryos was higher in the repeat breeder than in the virgin heifers. The abnormalities were mainly confined to cell organization. They could be seen already during the oviductal transit of the ova. PMID- 7232130 TI - The treatment of anoestrus and suboestrus in dairy cattle using a progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) or gonadotrophins. AB - Dairy cows and heifers which had not shown any detectable oestrus were divided into three treatment groups. Animals with active ovaries (suboestrus) were treated with PRID, whereas those with inactive ovaries (true anoestrus) were treated with either PRID or gonadotrophin injections. When comparing the results of the treatment, the criterion used was the pregnancy (%) achieved within forty days after the commencement of the treatment. Furthermore, the rate of pregnancy after first insemination, the number of inseminations per pregnancy, and the time of conception after treatment, as well as the return interval of the animals not conceiving at first insemination were surveyed. PMID- 7232131 TI - The influence of heat symptoms and the time of insemination of cattle on the early and late returns. AB - In a material comprising 95,085 inseminations, the non-return rate and the frequency of late returns, measured as the frequency of returns, measured as the frequency of returns between 29 and 56 days, have been studied with respect to the time of insemination within the heat period and to the intensity of heat. Both these factors have effected the NR result in that insemination late in the oestrus period--2 days after heat has been observed--gives the poorest result, 60.5% 56 days NR in comparison with 68.5 one day after observation and 71.4 the same day. Weak heat symptoms give a bad result, 60.1 compared to 68.7 for fair and 72.7 for strong heat symptoms. The differences are significant. The number of late returns is also influenced by the time of insemination as well as by the intensity of heat. However, insemination in heats with weak symptoms leads to a higher frequency of late returns than what can be expected from the frequency of early returns. This might partly indicate an increased rate of early embryonic death. PMID- 7232132 TI - The estrogenic effect of silage fodder. AB - The changes in the amounts of estrogens and in the estrogenic effects were compared with the changes occurring in the quality of silage fodders, which were prepared by three different methods (without any additives, by green-solution method, and with molasses) from the 1977 aftermath, composed of 50% of different kinds of grasses and 50% of red clover. The estrogenic isoflavones known (formononetin, biochanin-A, genistein and daidzein) were analysed quantitatively by liquid chromatography, the estrogenic effect by bioassay using female rats aged 21-22 days as test animals the criteria being the uterine weight, the vaginal opening, and the uterine liquid quantity. Other characteristics of the fodders were determined by 21 laboratory determinations or perceptible estimates. The correlations between the characteristics of the fodder showed that, in addition to the plant estrogens, the amount of lactic acid had significant influences on the estrogenic effect. The pH values and the amount of lactic acid had significant effects also on the changes in the amounts of estrogenic isoflavones known. The quantities of isoflavones and the estrogenic effects varied in fodders ensiled by various methods. PMID- 7232133 TI - On special training for correct deposition of semen. AB - The semen volume used in AI has been reduced during recent years from 1.0-1.2 ml with fluid semen to 0.5 ml with medium straws and to 0.25 ml with ministraws. According correct deposition has become more important. Low fertility results attained by some technicians is often due to failure of precision in deposition. A special insemination syringe "Romeo" has been constructed in order to observe and correct this factor in the field work. The syringe can be fixed in the cervix after it is placed in the supposedly correct position. An instructor can then check the position, and there can be a dialogue about mistakes between instructor and technician. The instrument can also be used in the same way for training on slaughter animals of technicians who have repeatedly placed the brand mark of the ordinary searing syringe wrongly. PMID- 7232134 TI - Fasciola hepatica: influence of thymus function on the liver pathology in mice. AB - Liver pathology during experimental Fasciola hepatica infection was compared in thymus-deficient (nu/nu) mice and in thymus-bearing (+/+) mice, (back ground strain to nu/nu mice) and thymus-reconstituted nu/nu mice. Thymus deficiency resulted in unrestricted liver damage during the migration of the parasite in the liver. In nu/nu mice the migratory tracks were infiltrated by very few eosinophils and mononuclear cells, haemorrhages and liver cell necroses were extensive. Portal area reaction and bile duct hyperplasia were depressed. Regeneration of liver tissue, parenchymal and periportal fibrosis and plasma cell proliferation were reduced. The possible causal mechanisms involved in fluke induced liver pathology are discussed. It is suggested that a thymus-dependent cellular reaction modulates the tissue damage produced by F. hepatica. PMID- 7232135 TI - A note on bovine infections with Cryptosporidia in Denmark. PMID- 7232136 TI - Bovine egg transplantation. Superovulation, non-surgical recoveries and transfers. AB - Lactating dairy cows were superovulated with a pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG)/cloprostenol (PG) regimen in their mid-luteal phase (day 10). The average interval from the PMSG injection to heat was 4.1 +/- 0.05 days. First insemination occurred 18--24 hrs after standing heat and the second insemination 12--18 hrs later. Six to eight days later (the day of recovery) the superovulatory response was assessed. The variation in number of ovulation points (corpora lutea, C.L.) was sizable, and right ovary (4.1 C.L./donor) appeared more active than left ovary (3.3 C.L./donor). The non-surgical embryo collection equipment was developed for practical use on the farms and it was possible to recover 6.0 +/- 0.6 eggs per donor (54 +/- 5% recovery rate). Approximately half of these (54.2%) were considered viable, and suitable for either direct transfer or freezing, Other eggs were retarded (5.8%), degenerated (25.7%) or unfertilized (16.3%). Several influential factors were examined and there was only little conclusive evidence for any specific effect on the superovulatory response and/or egg number and quality. The non-surgical transfer experiments with a common insemination gun was encouraging and gave rise to a pregnancy rate of 56%. PMID- 7232137 TI - Bovine egg transplantation. Preservation of embryos. AB - The original method of embryo storage involved very slow rates of cooling and thawing, but current techniques for rapid thawing and two step freezing are being developed which have greatly simplified the whole embryo storage procedure. Good survival and pregnancy rates can be achieved after thawing and removal of cryoprotectant and transfers of frozen/thawed bovine embryos to heat synchronized recipients. PMID- 7232138 TI - Sperm morphology and in vitro viability in diluted semen in relation to fertility of AI boars. AB - Examination of sperm morphology and assay of in vitro sperm viability by use of a thermoresistance test, incubation with ouabain and assay of ASAT-release was performed in 10 ejaculates from each of 10 boars during a 7-month period. The boars were routinely used for AI during the period and the results of the various laboratory assays were related to the fertility of the boars. PMID- 7232139 TI - [The correlation between milk flow, vacuum fluctuations and decrease in vacuum in the long milk tube at the claw in different milking machines. An introductory examination (author's transl)]. AB - Four different milking machines have been examined for vacuum fluctuations and vacuum decrease in the long milk tube at the claw. Measurements were performed in 3 cows milked with Alfa-Laval high line HP 100, 11 cows in 3 herds milked with Alfa-Laval high line Duovac 300, 5 cows milked with Erland low line milking equipment, and in 3 cows milked with Strangko high line milking equipment. The recordings were done in the cowhouse during the daily dairy management. The milk flow for each cow was measured 24 hrs after the vacuum recordings using Milko Scope. Compared to the other 3 milking machines, Duovac 300 had a significant higher increase in vacuum fluctuations and vacuum decrease with the increase in milk flow. Just small differences existed between Alfa-Laval HP 100 and Strangko milk pipe line equipments. Smaller vacuum fluctuations and vacuum decrease were recorded in the low line milking equipments compared to the other types. The difference was significant (P = less than 0.001). Significant correlations between milk flow and decrease in vacuum, and between milk flow and vacuum fluctuations were not found for the low line milking machine examined. PMID- 7232140 TI - [Frequency studies and clinical observations in bovine laminitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232141 TI - A field trial with albendazole against Dicrocoelium lanceolatum in sheep. AB - In a field trial a flock of 115 winterfed sheep were treated twice with a week's interval with albendazole at a dose of 10--12 mg per kg body-weight to test its efficacy against Dicrocoelium lanceolatum. The treatment was completed one week prior to mating in November, and the investigation was based upon monthly faecal egg counts throughout the housing period. The treatments showed about 90% reduction in the egg production of Dicrocoelium, and the gastrointestinal nematodes and Moniezia were eliminated. Side effects were not seen. The results indicate that albendazole could be recommended in cases of dicrocoeoliasis requiring treatment, as well as an efficient broadspectrum anthelmintic. PMID- 7232142 TI - Embryonic death in mink due to riboflavin deficiency. AB - Riboflavin deficiency has been produced experimentally in mink by adding to the feed 10--20 mg galactoflavin--anti-B2 vitamin--per animal daily during the pregnancy. The experiment included 44 standard female mink (Table II). Riboflavin deficiency led to embryonic death; none of the mated females in the deficient group delivered kits. At the expected time of birth, six of the females were subjected to uterectomy or investigative laparatomy, which showed remnants of embryos that were mostly decomposed (Figs. 1 and 2). In a parallel group, four of six females on the same diet with the same doses of galactoflavin, but with 50- 100 mg riboflavin added daily, delivered normal litters (Table II). Five standard male mink were placed on the same experimental diet supplemented with 30 mg galactoflavin per animal daily from 15/12 to 18/3. The fertility of these males was not influenced in a negative way. PMID- 7232143 TI - Drug immobilization and anaesthesia of a lynx in connection with a broken leg. AB - The drug immobilization of a lynx, Felis(Lynx)lynx using ketamine hydrochloride injected intramuscularly by means of a blowpipe is described. Immobilization was satisfactory in six of a total of seven attempts. The primary immobilization dose varied from 11--28 mg ketamine hydrochloride per kg and the time elapsing before ataxia varied between 3 to 20 minutes. Undesirable side effects were not seen. In addition, inhalation anaesthesia with halothan was employed during surgery on three separate occasions. PMID- 7232144 TI - Occurrence of influenza A viruses and their antibodies in migratory birds in Finland. AB - A Finnish material of 455 cloacal specimens from 24 species of small migratory birds and of 54 cloacal specimens from 10 species of waterfowl was investigated for the occurrence of A type influenza virus. Influenza A virus was isolated in only one specimen, originating from a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Parallely, yolk material from 109 waterfowl representing 9 species was investigated for the occurrence of influenza A antibodies by complement fixation and immunodiffusion tests. In three yolk specimens, one from a widgeon (Anas penelope), one from a common gull (Larus canus) and one from a lesser blackbacked gull (Larus fuscus), positive reactions with low titres of 1:2--1:4 were obtained. The study shows that waterfowl can carry influenza A virus, but the role of small migratory birds in this respect seems to be negligible in Finland. PMID- 7232145 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica in the food-chain. A survey (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232146 TI - [Chlorinated hydrocarbons in sewage sludge from a plant in Oslo (author's transl)]. AB - Samples of sewage sludge from a plant in Oslo were analysed by gaschromatography for persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons. Polychlorinated bifenyls (PCBs) were found in all samples. In 1972 the mean value was 0.9 +/- 0.24 ppm PCBs, while the corresponding value two years later was 0.3 +/- 0.14 ppm. It is suggested that the observed decrease is connected with the restrictions of industrial use of PCBs from 1973. The samples from 1974 were also analysed for phtalic acid esters. Residues of dimethyl-(DMP), diethyl-(DEP), dibutyl-(DBP) and diethylhexcyl phtalate (DEHP) were found. Mean concentrations of DEHP and DBP were found to be 27 and 13 ppm respectively. The effect of the sludge treatment on PCBs was tested by comparing sewage coming into the plant with cleaned water leaving the plant. Between 50 and 85 percent of total PCBs remained in the water after the cleaning process. The total amount of PCBs in the sewage sludge per year was calculated to be about 2 kg. PMID- 7232147 TI - Mercury/selenium interaction. A comparative study on pigs. AB - A pilot experiment carried out on three pigs have confirmed that interaction between inorganic mercury (203HgCl2) and selenium (Na275SeO3) after single intraperitoneal injections are qualitatively uniform in mice and pigs. The detoxifying effect of selenium on mercury toxicity seems to be due to a formation of a biologically inactive complex containing the elements in an equimolar ratio. The complex is unable to pass biological barriers, placenta and choroid plexus and is stored in the liver and the spleen. PMID- 7232148 TI - Lead pellets in Danish cattle. AB - A survey was made in order to estimate the occurrence of lead pellets in the reticulum of Danish cattle and the consequential increase if any, in the lead concentration in liver and kidney tissue of the animals concerned. The investigation comprised the contents of the reticulum from 415 head of cattle, males and females, adults and calves. Furthermore, livers, and/or kidneys from 34 head of cattle, with and without lead pellets in the reticulum, were analysed for lead. A total of 1120 lead pellets were found in 230 (55%) of the cattle (Table II) the number of pellets per individual ranging from 1 to 55 with an average of 0.47 gram lead in each of the 230 animals. The weight of the lead pellets found in the reticulum was 20--40% lower than that of similar pellets from unfired cartridges. (Fig. 1, Table I), indicating a partial dissolution of the pellets during their stay in the reticulum. No correlation was established between the number of lead pellets in the reticulum and the lead content in the liver and the kidneys (Fig. 2), and no increase was found in the lead content in the organs. PMID- 7232149 TI - Poisoning in animals due to oral application of iron. With description of a case in a horse. AB - Peroral application of iron salts in various types of anemia was previously considered atoxic. The increased use of iron has, however, led to an increasing number of poisoning in children, taking iron tablets for candy. There have only been reported a few number of spontaneous intoxications in animals, but experimentally it has been possible to produce fatal intoxications in various kinds of animal species. The clinical findings are quite similar in the various animals, starting with vomiting, bloody diarrhoea and metabolic acidosis. If the intoxication is severe, shock and coma may develop, and death occurs quite soon. The histological findings are also similar in the various animals, varying from erosions of the tops of the villi to necrosis of the mucosal membrane of the jejunum. Degenerative changes in the liver as well as in the kidney are seen in several cases. The mentioned case was a horse given about 475 g ferro fumarate over a period of 5 days. The horse developed the classic clinical picture and death occurred on day 7. The diagnosis was confirmed by very high levels of iron in the liver, kidney and serum. The blood values of the enzymes ASAT and gamma GT were extremely high as a sign of a severe damage of the liver. PMID- 7232150 TI - Intestinal adenomatosis in pigs. A patho-morphological investigation. AB - The patho-morphological alterations in porcine intestinal adenomatosis were studied by light- and electron microscopy, and the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to the adenomatous lesions were discussed. The intestinal changes were partly interpreted as degenerative modifications, partly as hyperplastic processes. In some areas there seemed to be an uncontrolled proliferation of poorly differentiated crypt epithelium, resulting in adenomatous changes. These lesions were associated with intracellular location of bacteria. It was assumed that the epithelial hyperplasia in areas with normal differentiation of crypt cells was an expression of a regenerative reaction. It was further assumed that the faulty regeneration of intestinal mucosa occurred in areas where the mesenchymal destruction was too advanced to allow complete morphological restoration. PMID- 7232151 TI - Salpingitis in poultry. II. Prevalence, bacteriology, and possible pathogenesis in egg-laying chickens. AB - Among 116,886 egg-laying chickens slaughtered 438 (0.37%) were condemned because of salpingitis (Table I). Profuse growth of a single bacterial species was demonstrated in 96 out of 150 randomly selected cases of salpingitis (Table II). E. coli was isolated from 64 cases (43%). P. haemolytica, Pr. mirabilis and P. gallinarum occurred next most frequently, and made up 26 cases. Staph. aureus, Str. faecalis and Moraxella sp. finally accounted for six cases. A mixed flora was demonstrated in 16 cases (11%) while unspecific growth or no growth was recorded in 38 cases (25%). The bacteriological findings in cases of salpingitis in egg-laying chickens routinely received for post mortem examination were in accordance with the findings above in carcasses condemned because of salpingitis, except in a single case in which Bact. fragilis was obtained in pure culture. Salmonella spp. could not be demonstrated. No correlation could be demonstrated between the nature of the pathological changes and the bacteriological findings. Nineteen different O-groups of E. coli were found, O2 being the one occurring most frequently (Table III). Changing the environment from a floor type with bedding to cages or sloping wire floor without bedding does not seem to have resulted in a change of bacterial species associated with salpingitis in egg laying chickens. The food-hygienic implications of salpingitis seem to be the same for laying hens as for broilers. PMID- 7232152 TI - [Blood viscosity. Measurement and applications (hyper--and hypoviscosity syndromes) (author's transl)]. AB - Blood has particular rheological properties which partly condition its flow, especially in capillary vessels, and its ability to deliver oxygen. It is not subject to gravitation, pseudoplastic, thixotropic and visco-elastic. Blood viscosity depends upon macroscopic factors, such as erythrocyte aggregation and deformability. Hyperviscosity is observed in cases of increased haematocrit (polycythaemia and relative polycythaemia), increased serum proteins and changes in protein balance (e.g. rise in fibrinogen and immunoglobulins, fall in albumin) as seen in inflammation and dysglobulinaemia, drop in temperature (hypothermia), increased erythrocyte aggregation (shock, fat embolism) or imparied deformability due to various acquired or inherited disorders of red cell membrane or cytoplasma (e.g. sickle cell anaemia, renal failure, hyperlipoproteinaemias, thrombosis, diabetes). The various factors may be combined, as in diabetes. Conversely, hypoviscosity may result from decreased haematocrite, fall in blood proteins and fibrinogen, or hyperthermia. Hyperviscosity can be corrected by acting on its various constituents. Treatments include haemodilution, plasmapheresis, anti aggregants and drugs improving red cell deformability. PMID- 7232153 TI - [Radical dissection of the axilla in Madden type mastectomy (author's transl)]. AB - During mastectomy using the Madden technique full dissection of the axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes can readily be achieved by the anterior approach, after transverse separation of the upper fibers of the pectoralis major. PMID- 7232154 TI - [Ocular flutter in acute polyradiculoneuritis]. PMID- 7232155 TI - [Association of secondary syphilis and a circulating anti-coagulant]. PMID- 7232156 TI - [Association of a goiter with sarcoidosis. 4 cases]. PMID- 7232157 TI - [Evaluation of fetal pulmonary maturity]. PMID- 7232158 TI - [Coronary involvement in Horton's disease. Death by myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7232159 TI - [Radical surgery for aneurysms of the splenic artery without splenectomy]. PMID- 7232161 TI - [Detection of cranial venous complications of otomastoiditis. Value of isotopic angioscintigraphy]. PMID- 7232160 TI - [Aseptic osteonecrosis during corticosteroid treatment of Behcet's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Four patients with Behcet's disease (a 42-year-old woman and 3 men aged 24, 32 and 39 respectively), who had received high doses of prednisone (0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day) during a mean period of 21 months developed aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral heads and condyles which obliged to reduce steroid dosage and to introduce additional drugs. Corticosteroids are useful in Behcet's disease, as in other systemic diseases, but they probably act also on the underlying immune vascularitis. The occurrence of pain in weight-bearing joints during treatment should suggest osteonecrosis and in such cases, beside radiography, scintigraphy with technetium and/or phlebography with pressure measurement might provide an early diagnosis. PMID- 7232162 TI - [Bisalbuminemia in pancreatitis without serous effusion or pseudocyst]. PMID- 7232163 TI - [Severe myocardial bridge on the anterior interventricular artery. Demonstration by coronarography using isoprenaline]. PMID- 7232164 TI - [Anthrax meningitis: an ostensibly primary case]. PMID- 7232165 TI - [Clometacin]. PMID- 7232166 TI - [Methods of immunohistochemical study of the digestive mucosa]. PMID- 7232167 TI - [Antibodies against gastric parietal cells in gastritis (author's transl)]. AB - Antibodies directed against gastric parietal cells were investigated in the serum and gastric mucosa of 45 patients with gastritis, and the results were compared with those of standard histological examination and direct immunofluorescence studies on biopsy specimens. It was confirmed that the antibodies were more frequently found in the serum of patients with gastric atrophy (12/19) than in that of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (6/13) or chronic superficial gastritis (2/13). In 8 cases of globulin material was detected by direct immunofluorescence test in the parietal cells of gastric mucosa sections. The tole of these auto-antibodies in the pathogenesis of gastritis is discussed. PMID- 7232168 TI - [A study of immunoglobulin-producing cells in the colonic mucosa of children with Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. AB - The immunoglobulin-producing cells of the rectal and colonic mucosae were studied on 12 biopsies obtained from 6 children, aged from 13 to 18 years, suffering from Crohn's disease involving the ileum and colon or the colon only. After incubation with immune sera specifically directed against alpha, gamma and mu chains, the fluorescent plasmocytes present in a predetermined surface area of the chorion were counted in the patients and in a control group of 5 children. Compared with controls, children with Crohn's disease had less IgA-producing plasmocytes per surface area (mean: 32.3 and 44.3 respectively) and a lower ratio of these plasmocytes to total immunoglobulin-producing cells (patients: 79%, controls: 85%). The decrease in IgA-producing cells was more pronounced in the colon but was also observed in the rectum, despite normal histology. PMID- 7232169 TI - [Cerebral emboli due to subclinical heart disease. Value of thorough investigations (author's transl)]. AB - In a series of 250 cases of cerebral vascular accident, the authors have selected 12 patients whose embolus appeared to have originated in the heart, although this could not be confirmed by clinical examination, ECG, Holter system monitoring and echocardiographic studies. Angiocardiography, complemented or not by His bundle exploration and/or coronary arteriography, revealed the presence of a heart disease likely to produce emboli in 11 cases, and in 8 cases, this was prolapsed mitral valve. These 11 cases represent 4.5% of the whole series and 22% of cases with emboli of suspected cardiac origin. Thorough cardiological studies, therefore, seem to be justified in young adults presenting with stroke. The high incidence of prolapsed mitral valve is in keeping with recently published data. PMID- 7232170 TI - [Skin lesions in systemic candidiasis (author's transl)]. AB - Skin lesions in systemic candidiasis are erythematous maculopapules and maculonodules which appear at the onset of the septicaemic phase. Their presence, especially when associated with diffuse myalgia, suggest the diagnosis which must be confirmed by haemocultures, histological examination of the skin with PAS stain and culture of skin fragments in Sabouraud's medium. Systemic candidiasis with skin lesions seems to be mainly due to Candida tropicalis and to occur with great frequency in patients with underlying blood disease. Of the three cases reported here, one concerned a 24-year-old man with premyelocytic acute leukaemia, the second a 45-year-old woman with drug-induced agranulocytosis and the third one a man aged 25 admitted to hospital for peritonitis secondary to Crohn's disease. PMID- 7232171 TI - [Therapeutic abortion during the second trimester of pregnancy, using intracervical injection of PgF2 alpha (author's transl)]. AB - Prostaglandins constitute the best means of inducing therapeutic abortion during the second trimester of pregnancy. The authors review the methods in current use and describe their own technique, which consists of dilatation of the cervix with laminaria and intracervical automatic pump infusion of Pg F2 alpha at the rate of 0.6 mg/h. The results obtained in 34 women with a mean total dose of 16.4 mg PgF2 alpha over 20 hours are given. The technique is considered to be as effective as those previously published. PMID- 7232172 TI - [Hereditary deficiency of factor XI in a Portuguese family, the propositus of which had Behcet's disease (author's transl)]. AB - The finding of a hereditary deficiency of factor XI in a Portuguese family confirms that this abnormality is not confined to Ashkenazi Jews. Its transmission is autosomal, recessive and of variable expression, and in this particular family it appeared to be asymptomatic. When infused post-operatively in fresh frozen plasma, Factor XI has a half-life of about 24 hours and a recovery rate of almost 100%. The propositus, a 57-year-old woman, appears to have been "protected" by a homozygous deficiency of Factor XI against the thromboembolic complications of a Behcets disease which had been present for 30 years. Plasma exchange and perfusions of fresh frozen plasma were probably responsible for the regression observed in the symptoms (particularly ocular symptoms) of the disease, then in active phase. PMID- 7232173 TI - [Results of a survey on the use of 123 iodine for scintigraphic exploration of the thyroid gland (author's transl)]. AB - A survey of thyroid gland scintigraphy with 123 Iodine was carried out on 1131 patients, and data concerning the time of examination as well as indications, scintigrams and uptake measurements are presented. Minimal dosage provides a sufficient counting rate and good quality images and delivers a radioactive dose 15 times lower than with conventional 131 Iodine scintigraphy. PMID- 7232174 TI - [Difficult splenectomies. Usefulness of pancreatic tail mobilization for initial ligature of splenic vessels (author's transl)]. AB - Splenectomy may be difficult when the spleen is deep-seated, with a short and wide pedicle, or when it is associated with portal hypertension and immobilized by epiploic or peritoneal adhesions. In such cases the conventional technique of splenectomy, even with initial ligature of the splenic artery along the superior border of the pancreas, may be insufficient to prevent hazardous bleeding. Mobilisation of the pancreatic tail in the posterior mesogastrium is recommended, as it gives access to the splenic vessels in the hilum, where they can be isolated and ligated prior to splenectomy. PMID- 7232176 TI - [Epidermoid cancer: rare form of breast cancer. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7232175 TI - [Acute hemolysis and kidney failure disclosing Wilson's disease. Diagnosis and therapeutic indications]. PMID- 7232178 TI - [Sickle-cell anemia, chronic splenic sequestration and splenectomy]. PMID- 7232177 TI - [Bronchiectasis and sterility caused by ciliary and flagella anomalies]. PMID- 7232179 TI - [Medullary bilharziasis. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7232180 TI - [Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. A rare cause of hemoptysis]. PMID- 7232181 TI - [Genesis and survival of neoplastic metastases]. PMID- 7232182 TI - [A new method to evaluate myocardial preservation techniques (author's transl)]. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a non-invasive technique which, when using 31Phosphorus (as is usually the case), provides sequential determinations of the concentrations of high energy phosphate compounds and of intracellular pH in tissues subjected to electro-magnetic pulses. NMR can now be applied to the whole heart and makes it possible to record simultaneously biochemical and haemodynamic data. Referring to personal cases, the authors emphasize the value of NMR as a new device for evaluating myocardial preservation techniques during both ischaemia and reperfusion. PMID- 7232183 TI - [Ultrasonic exploration of porto-caval shunts (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrasonography was used to explore surgical porto-caval shunt in 10 patients. In 9 of these, the patency demonstrated by angiography was confirmed, the communication between the two veins being clearly visible on 9 transverse sections, 6 sagittal sections and 2 right frontal sections. In addition, the echograms supplied information on the size of the opening, the calibre of the inferior vena cava (which was usually dilated below the anastomosis) and, in some cases, the presence of thrombosis. Harmless and readily accepted by the patients, ultrasonography is likely to become one of the preferred methods for post operative control of porto-caval shunts. PMID- 7232184 TI - [A prospective study of malignancy criteria in 407 surgical patients (author's transl)]. AB - A prospective study of 407 patients with "cold" solitary thyroid nodule seen over 4 1/2 years and systematically operated upon was undertaken with the view of determining the pre-operative criteria of malignancy. Thirty-nine nodules were malignant. Since various methods of multidimensional statistical analysis failed to give satisfactory results, an attempt was made to base rational surgical indications on purely descriptive criteria. Neither the patient's age, morphology, personal or family history of thyroid disorders, nor the size of the nodule, the circumstances in which it was discovered and the presence of calcification made it possible to distinguish between malignant and non-malignant nodules. Cervical lymph node involvement, paralysis of the recurrent nerve, previous irradiation of the neck and site of the nodule equally had no discriminative value. Only two clinical findings, softness of the nodule and liquid content, were clearly associated with the absence of malignancy. PMID- 7232185 TI - [Asplenia: a study of 21 subjects splenectomized during childhood for spleen injury (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical and biological studies were carried out in 21 subjects one to twenty three years after the injured spleen had been removed. Asplenia did not give rise to clinical symptoms, did not facilitate infections and had no effect on growth. Laboratory investigations revealed a decrease in IgM in 6 subjects and minor quantitative and qualitative platelet abnormalities. The absence of Jolly's bodies in 7 subjects was suggestive of spleen regeneration, which was confirmed by scintigraphy in 2 cases. The significance of these findings in discussed. PMID- 7232187 TI - [Gluten enteropathy in children from south-eastern France (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1969 and 1979, 123 cases of gluten-induced enteropathy were diagnosed in south-eastern France. The overall incidence of the disease was estimated at approximately one for 4 600 births. The mean age of the patients was 3.2 years. At the time of diagnosis, 71 children (57,7%) were less than 2 years old, and 52 children (42,3%) were above that age. There was a strong predominance of girls (60%) and North-Africans (48%). Children younger than 2 years presented with the usual malabsorption syndrome, whereas growth retardation, often isolated, was the main feature in older children. The relative increase observed since 1976 in the number of patients of the latter group despite a lower incidence of the disease was probably due to the withdrawal of infants' foods containing gluten. In 58 children followed up dietetic measures resulted in rapid clinical improvement, but healing of the mucosal lesions was much slower (19 months on average). In 28 patients who could be followed for longer periods, reintroducing gluten into the diet regularly led to histological relapse. These patients, however, had been selected for particular reasons. The true incidence of transient intolerance to gliadin is difficult to determine, since most subjects in perfect health refuse control biopsies. PMID- 7232186 TI - [Quantitative assessment of labial salivary gland sclerosis in patients with diffuse scleroderma (author's transl)]. AB - Biopsies of the lips were performed on 27 patients (7 male and 20 female; mean age, 58 years) with diffuse scleroderma and on 10 healthy subjects serving as controls. The degree of intralobular sclerosis in labial salivary glands was measured on tissue sections by an automated morphometric analysis technique. Collagenous compared with controls. It was independent from the type of cell infiltrating the gland and from the evolution potential of the disease, but it correlated with its duration and seemed to be specific to scleroderma. PMID- 7232188 TI - [Brucella meningitis and the rose bengal test]. PMID- 7232189 TI - [Can epiploplasty be used in the treatment of lymphedema? Information supplied by indirect isotopic lymphography]. PMID- 7232190 TI - [Purpura caused by sensitization to 8-methoxypsoralen during PUVA-therapy]. PMID- 7232191 TI - [Measurement of serum amikacin. Value in therapy]. PMID- 7232192 TI - [Pyoderma gangrenosum and Vaquez' disease]. PMID- 7232193 TI - [Second French case of botulism caused by fresh water fish]. PMID- 7232194 TI - [Subcapsular haematoma of the spleen as complication of chronic pancreatitis. Contribution of echotomography to the diagnosis in two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Two men aged 28 and 33 were found to have subcapsular haematoma of the spleen secondary to chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. One of the patients presented with a pancreatic pseudo-cyst, left amylase pleural effusion and thrombosis of the splenic vein. Selective coeliac and mesenteric angiography and, chiefly, echotomography pointed to the diagnosis, which was confirmed on abdominal incision and histopathological study of the lesions. From these two cases and a review of 63 cases previously published the authors describe the clinical symptoms (acute anaemia with abdominal tumour), pathogeny (vascular or enzymatic) and diagnosis of the condition. Echotomography of the pancreas seems to be the best non invasive method to detect splenic complications of chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7232195 TI - [Systemic carnitine deficiency: its place in Reye's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - A case of systemic carnitine deficiency in a 3-year-old child is reported. Clinical presentation included progressive cardiomyopathy and severe episodes of hypoglycaemia without ketosis, accompanied with hepatic encephalopathy. Each episode was initiated by upper respiratory infection and complicated by cardiac arrest. Oral carnitine (4 g/24 h) and low fat diet (20% of total calories) resulted in dramatic improvement of cardiac, hepatic and neuromuscular symptoms, while tissues remained depleted. Systemic carnitine deficiency should be suspected in patients with symptoms resembling Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7232196 TI - [Vascular thrombosis in synthetic estrogen-progestogen users: an immune mechanism (author's transl)]. AB - In a number of women the use of combined oral contraceptives (OC) may induce the production of anti-ethinylestradiol antibodies circulating as immune complexes (IC) and which precipitate when the serum is brought at 25% saturation in ammonium sulphate. Testing for tests ICs in 50 women who had never taken OCs, in 100 women on OCs but otherwise healthy, and in 17 women on OCs presenting with vascular thrombosis showed that 20% of all healthy women and more than 95% of women with thrombosis were immunoreactive. The statistically significant correlation found between thrombosis and the presence in the serum of ICs and anti-ethinylestradiol antibodies suggests that an immune mechanism might be responsible for the vascular lesions induced by oral contraceptives containing synthetic estrogens. PMID- 7232197 TI - [A biopsy fitting for ductal pathology of the breast (author's transl)]. AB - A new intragalactophoric biopsy fitting is described, which consists of a modified dilator serving as curette and a needle-curette for aspiration. The new fitting has been used successfully and without complications in 26 cases. It has the advantage of providing larger specimens for cytological examination of ductal tumours of the breast. PMID- 7232198 TI - [Acute renal failure in myeloma. Clearance of light chains with hemofiltration]. PMID- 7232200 TI - [Physiologic elevation of alkaline phosphatases in the adolescent]. PMID- 7232199 TI - [SA hemoglobinosis in Mali]. PMID- 7232201 TI - [Campylobacter colitis]. PMID- 7232202 TI - [Surgical treatment of recent iliofemoral phlebitis]. PMID- 7232203 TI - [Value of puncture-lavage of the peritoneum with Palmer's needle]. PMID- 7232205 TI - Conformational states of yeast tRNA Phe in the complex with cognate and non cognate synthetases. AB - The influence of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase and seryl-tRNA synthetase on the conformation and structural kinetics of yeast tRNA Phe was investigated. Ethidium substituted for dihydrouracil at position 16 or 17 was used as a structural probe, showing the existence of three conformational states in tRNA. The distribution of states (T1, T2, T3) is changed only by the cognate synthetase towards T3 which probably is related to the X-ray structure. The binding of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase leads to an about 10-fold increase in the fast transition T1 in equilibrium or formed from T2 which has been assigned to changes in the anticodon loop conformation and to a 2-3 fold increase in the slow transition which probably extends to other parts of the tRNA molecule. The observed rates for the transition T2 in equilibrium or formed from T3 are close to that observed for the transfer of the activated phenylalanine to tRNA Phe. This raises the possibility that the conformational transition in tRNA is the rate limiting step in the charging reaction. PMID- 7232204 TI - On the mechanism of inhibitory effect of violamycin antibiotics on the transcription by bacteriophage T3-induced RNA polymerase. AB - The effect of three components of the anthracycline antibiotic violamycin on the transcription of bacteriophage T3 DNA by bacteriophage T3-induced RNA polymerase has been investigated in a cell-free system. The glycosides of violamycin BI possess the highest inhibitory activity, whereas those of violamycin BII and violamycin A show a reduced inhibitory effect. Concentrations of violamycin BI depressing the incorporation of (3H)UMP into RNA chains have only a slight effect on the binding of the T3 RNA polymerase to T3 DNA and on the incorporation of GTP as the first nucleotide. This shows that the primary target of the antibiotic is not the initiation of the RNA synthesis. The binding of violamycin BI to T3 DNA causes a strong reduction of the elongation rate of the RNA chains. PMID- 7232206 TI - The use of synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes. II. Hybridization of oligonucleotides of mixed sequence to rabbit beta-globin DNA. AB - Two oligonucleotides 14-bases long were synthesized, one complementary to rabbit beta-globin DNA (R beta G14A) and the other with the same sequence except for a single base change (T for C) (R beta G14B). Hybridization conditions were established such that R beta G14A would hybridize to globin DNA while R beta G14B would not. We also synthesized a mixture of 13-base long oligonucleotides (R beta G13Mix), representing eight of the possible coding sequences for amino acids 15 19 of rabbit beta-globin. One of the eight is complementary to globin DNA. R beta G13Mix was found to hybridize specifically to globin DNA under conditions where oligonucleotides forming single base pair mismatches do not. Furthermore, R beta G13Mix was shown to hybridize specifically to colonies containing a plasmid with a globin DNA insert. These results are discussed with respect to a general procedure for screening recombinant clones for those containing DNA coding for a protein of known amino acid sequence. PMID- 7232207 TI - Binding of microtubule protein to DNA and chromatin: possibility of simultaneous linkage of microtubule to nucleic and assembly of the microtubule structure. AB - Microtubule protein binds to DNA through microtubule associated polypeptides (MAPs). Among MAPs there is one high molecular weight polypeptide (MAP2) which interacts with DNA fundamentally through certain polynucleotide sequences. This interaction is not affected by the presence of histones and other chromosomal proteins. DNA can associate to assembled microtubules and when a determinate DNA/protein ratio is reached the nucleic acid behaves as a microtubule associated molecule. The nucleic acid fragments which preferentially bind to microtubules have been isolated and characterized. These fragments contain DNA regions enriched in repetitive sequences that hybridizes preferentially to the pericentromeric zone of metaphase chromosomes. These results give further support to the model of interaction microtubule-chromosome based upon the mediator function of the microtubule associated proteins. PMID- 7232208 TI - Selection and analysis of cloned developmentally-regulated Dictyostelium discoideum genes by hybridization-competition. AB - We describe a new technique for selection of cloned gene segments which are expressed preferentially at one developmental stage but at a relatively low level. A nitrocellulose filter replica of plaques of lambda phage which contain approximately 8 KB inserts of genomic DNA is prepared; it is hybridized with a small amount of [32p] labeled mRNA prepared from one developmental stage, in the presence of a several-hundred fold excess of competitor RNA from a different stage. We show that clones of Dictyostelium nuclear DNA which form hybrids under these conditions indeed encode developmentally regulated mRNAs. Our previous analysis of Dictyostelium discoideum differentiation indicated that transcripts from about 12% of the genome appear in mRNA at one defined stage of differentiation - the formation of cell-cell aggregates. A number of our new clones are novel, in that they encode multiple discrete mRNA species all of which accumulate only at the cell aggregate stages; others encode one or more mRNAs which appear at the tight aggregate stage and also one or more which are present throughout differentiation. These latter clones, in particular, would be difficult to identify using other selection techniques. PMID- 7232209 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the 5S rRNA from the archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophilum. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of the 5S ribosomal RNA isolated from the archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophilum has been determined. The sequence is: pG GCAACGGUCAUAGCAGCAGGGAAACACCAGAUCCCAUUCCGAACUCGACGGUUAAGCCUGCUGCGUAUUGCGUUGUACU GUAUGCCGCGAGGGUACGGGAAGCGCAAUAUGCUGUUACCAC(U)OH. The homology with the 55 rRNA from another archaebacterial species, Halobacterium cutirubrum, is only 60.6% and other 55 rRNAs are even less homologous. Examination of the potential for forming secondary structure is revealing. T. acidophilum does not conform to the usual models employed for either procaryotic or eucaryotic 5S rRNAs. Instead this 5S rRNA has a mixture of the characteristic features of each. On the whole this 5S rRNA does however appear more eucaryotic than eubacterial. These results give further support to the notion that the archaebacteria represent an extremely early divergence among entities with procaryotic organization. PMID- 7232210 TI - Stability of the primary organization of nucleosome core particles upon some conformational transitions. AB - The sequential arrangement of histones along DNA in nucleosome core particles was determined between 0.5 and 600 mM salt and from 0 to 8 M urea. These concentrations of salt and urea up to 6 M had no significant effect on the linear order of histones along DNA but 8 M urea caused the rearrangement of histones. Conformational changes in cores have been identified within these ranges of conditions by several laboratories 8-21. Also, abrupt structural changes in the cores, apparently their unfolding, were found by gel electrophoresis to occur at urea concentration, between 4 and 5 M. 600 mM salt and 6 M urea were shown to relax the binding of histones to DNA in cores but do not however release histones or some part of their molecules from DNA. It appears therefore that nucleosomal cores can undergo some conformational transitions and unfolding whereas their primary organization remains essentially unaffected. These results are consistent with a model of the core particles in which the histone octamer forms something like a helical "rim" along the superhelical DNA and histone-histone interactions beyond the "rim" are rather weak in comparison with those within the "rim". PMID- 7232211 TI - Binding of ribosomes to the 5' leader sequence (N = 258) of RNA 3 from alfalfa mosaic virus. AB - RNA 3 of alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) contains information for two genes: near the 5' end an active gene coding for a 35 Kd protein and, near the 3' end, a silent gene coding for viral coat protein. We have determined a sequence of 318 nucleotides which contains the potential initiation codon for the 35 Kd protein at 258 nucleotides from the 5' end. This long leader sequence can form initiation complexes containing three 80 S ribosomes. A shorter species of RNA, corresponding to a molecule of RNA 3 lacking the cap and the first 154 nucleotides (RNA 3') has been isolated. The remaining leader sequence of 104 nucleotides in RNA 3' forms a single 80 S initiation complex with wheat germ ribosomes. The location of the regions of the leader sequence of RNA 3 involved in initiation complex formation with 80 S ribosomes is reported. PMID- 7232212 TI - Locations of three repetitive sequence families found in BALB/c adult beta-globin clones. AB - Three different repeat sequences have been mapped within the cloned EcoRI fragments that contain the adult beta-globin genes from the BALB/c (Hddd) mouse. One sequence, "a", occurs 1.5-2 kb 3' to the beta-major gene. A second, "b", is found 4kb 5' and 7.5kb 3' to the beta-minor gene. The 14kb EcoRI fragment bearing the beta-minor gene carries at least one additional repetitive element, "c". Probing a BALB/c DNA library with each repeat has demonstrated that these sequences are moderately to highly repetitive and are extensively interspersed with each other throughout the genome. In addition, repeats "a" and "b" are preferentially found in satellite and main-band DNa, respectively. The occurrence of these repeats elsewhere in the beta-globin cluster was demonstrated by probing the non-adult globin clones with each repeat. The arrangement of these repeats around the non-adult genes is 5'-"b"-"b"-epsilon y-beta hl-beta h2-"c"-beta h3 3'. Probing the C57BL/10 (Hbbs) adult gene clones with these repeats demonstrated that the distribution of these sequences in the adult region of these two haplotypes is essentially the same. PMID- 7232213 TI - Structural analysis of interspersed repetitive polymerase III transcription units in human DNA. AB - The nucleotide sequences of two cloned fragments of human DNA which function as templates for RNA polymerase III in vitro confirm their identities as members of the Alu family of human interspersed repetitive DNA sequences (1,2). The interspersed and repetitive nature of these sequences in the genome was demonstrated by hybridization of nick-translated DNA from one of these clones to total genomic DNA and to DNA of individual random clones from a lambda Ch4A-based human genomic library. Short, direct terminal repeats of non-conserved sequence flank the 300 nucleotide Alu family conserved sequence. Within the Alu family sequence is found a 40-nucleotide region which is directly repeated 135 nucleotides downstream. This 40 nucleotide sequence is found once in the murine B1 interspersed repetitive sequence family (8). This and other evidence indicates that the human Alu family resembles a partial duplication of the murine B1 sequence. PMID- 7232215 TI - The interaction of polyamines with DNA: a 23Na NMR study. AB - The interaction between a variety of polyamines, both naturally occurring and synthetic, and calf thymus DNA has been studied using 23Na NMR. The relaxation behaviour of 23Na reflects the extent of interaction of Na+ with DNA phosphate groups and therefore the extent of charge neutralisation of DNA phosphate groups (P) by polyamine amino and imino groups (N) in solutions of DNa, polyamine and Na+. The studies reveal that whereas spermine and spermidine are capable of expelling nearly all of the Na+ ions from DNA at N/P approximately 1, diamines such as putrescine and homologues of spermine and spermidine are capable of neutralising only roughly 50% of DNA phosphates. The results provide a challenge to current models of DNA-polyamine interactions. PMID- 7232214 TI - Transcriptional analysis of interspersed repetitive polymerase III transcription units in human DNA. AB - The template for RNA polymerase III in vitro transcription found on the human DNA clone pJP53 was shown in the previous paper to enclose a member of the Alu famiy of interspersed repetitive DNA sequences. We have mapped this transcript onto its template in greater detail by comparison of the template DNA sequence to the base composition of the Tl ribonuclease digestion products of the in vitro transcript. We find that the 5' end of the transcript lies in close proximity to the 5' end of the conserved Alu family sequence as analyzed in the preceding paper. The 3' end of the transcript appears to terminate in a U-rich region beyond the region of Alu family sequence conservation. Analysis of cellular RNA by Northern blotting and hybridization with a DNA probe derived from another Alu family transcription template demonstrates abundant representation of sequences homologous to the reiterated DNA. Cytoplasmic, nonpolyadenylated RNA from human and murine cells contains a monodisperse, 300 nucleotide species, recently determined by Weiner (4) to be the 7S RNA. In contrast, the Alu-homologous transcripts are heterodisperse in mRNA and hnRNA, with the highest specific representation of Alu family sequences being found in oligo(dT)-retained hnRNA. PMID- 7232216 TI - Conformational changes of poly(dG-dC) . poly(dG-dC) modified by the carcinogen N acetoxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene. AB - Poly (dG-dC) . poly(dG-dC) was modified by the reaction with N-acetoxy-N-acetyl-2 aminofluorene. The conformations of poly(dG-dC) . poly(dG-dC) and of poly d(G C)AAF were studied by circular dichroism under various experimental conditions. In 95% ethanol, the two polynucleotides adopt the A-form. In 3.9 M LiCl, the transition B-form-C-form is observed with poly(dG-dC) . poly (dG-dC) but not with poly d(G-C)AAF. In 1 mM phosphate buffer, poly d(G-C)AAF behaves as a mixture of B- and Z-form, the relative percentages depending upon the amounts of modified bases. The percentage of Z-form is decreased by addition of EDTA and is increased by addition of Mg++. Spermine favors the Z-form in modified and unmodified polynucleotides. No defect in the double helix of poly d(G-C)AAF is detected by SI endonuclease. PMID- 7232217 TI - Nucleotide sequence and structure of cytoplasmic 5S RNA and 5.8S RNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. AB - Three small RNAs of the cytoplasmic 8OS ribosomes of the green unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii have been sequenced. They include two species of ribosomal 5S RNA, a major and a minor one of 122 and 121 nucleotides respectively, which differ from each other by 17 bases, and also the ribosomal 5.8S RNA of 156 nucleotides. Novel structural features can be recognized in the 5S RNAs of C. reinhardii by a comparison with published 5S RNA sequences. In addition the secondary structure of these small RNA molecules has been examined using a newly developed method based on differential nuclease susceptibility. PMID- 7232218 TI - Specific interaction of histone H1 with eukaryotic DNA. AB - The interaction of calf thymus histone H1 with homologous and heterologous DNA has been studied at different ionic strengths. It has been found that about 0.5 M NaCl histone H1, and its fragments N-H1 (residues 1-72) and C-H1 (residues 73-C terminal), precipitate selectively a small fraction of calf thymus DNA. This selective precipitation is preserved up to very high values (less than 2.0) of the input histone H1/DNA ratio. The percentage of DNA insolubilized by histone H1 under these ionic conditions is dependent upon the molecular weight of the nucleic acid, diminishing from 18% fro a Mw equals 1.0 x 10(7) daltons to 5% for a Mw equals 8.0 x 10(4) daltons. The base composition of the precipitated DNA is similar to that of the bulk DNA. Calf thymus histone H1 also selectively precipitates a fraction of DNA from other eukaryotes (herring, trout), but not from some prokaryotes (E. coli, phage gamma. On the other hand, at 0.5 M NaCl, the whole calf thymus DNA (but not E. coli DNA) presents a limited number of binding sites for histone H1, the saturation ratio histone H1 bound/total DNA being similar to that found in chromatin. A similar behavior is observed from the histone H1 fragments, N-H1 and C-H1, which bind to DNA in complementary saturation ratios. It is suggested that in eukaryotic organisms histone H1 molecules maintain specific interactions with certain DNA sequences. A fraction of such specific complexes could act as nucleation points for the high-order levels of chromatin organization. PMID- 7232219 TI - Ataxia telangiectasia: an anomaly in DNA replication after irradiation. AB - The effect of increasing dose of gamma-radiation on DNA synthesis in an ataxia telangiectasia lymphoblastoid cell line and a number of control lymphoblastoid cell lines was investigated. No significant inhibition of low molecular weight DNA synthesis was observed in the AT cell line at doses which resulted in considerable inhibition in the control cell lines. At higher doses, 600 to 800 rad, low molecular weight DNA synthesis and chain elongation were enhanced in the AT cell line. At time course study of DNA synthesis after 200 rads of gamma radiation, revealed no appreciable inhibition of low and high molecular weight DNA synthesis up to 60 minutes postirradiation. However, in control cell lines, overall DNA synthesis was depressed to a level 50% of that shown by the unirradiated cells. PMID- 7232220 TI - Basepairing potential of the 3' terminus of 16S RNA: dependence on the functional state of the 30S subunit and the presence of protein S21. AB - The deoxyoctanucleotide 5'd (AAGGAGGT) which is complementary to the 3' terminus of 16S RNA has been used as a probe to measure the potential of this rRNA region to engage in intermolecular basepairing. The site specific binding of the octanucleotide is shown by labeling 16S RNA in situ at its 3' end with [32P]pCp and T4 RNA ligase (EC 6.5.1.3.). The label can be released as pA[32P]pCp by the simultaneous action of RNAse H (EC 3.1.4.34) and 5'd(AAGGAGGT). WE show that (1) 30S subunits prepared according to standard procedures, bind less than one copy of 5'd(AAGGAGGT); (2) isolated 16S RNA and 30S subunits inactivated by transcient exposure to 0.5 mM Mg2+ do not bind the octanucleotide; (3) binding to inactive subunits can be restored by a brief heat treatment; (4) 30S subunits lacking protein S21 do not bind 5'd(AAGGAGGT) even when submitted to heat treatment; (5) addition of protein S21 to subunits lacking S21 restores octamer binding; (6) the apparent exposure of the 16S RNA 3' terminus brought about by protein S21 is accompanied by the potential of the subunits to accept MS2 RNA as messenger; (7) the presence or absence of S1 on 30S subunits has no effect on their octanucleotide binding property. PMID- 7232221 TI - Molecular mechanical studies of proflavine and acridine orange intercalation. AB - Previous workers have reported that proflavine and acridine orange form various structurally different complexes with the dinucleoside phosphates rCpG and dCpG, with uniform C3'-endo and mixed C3'-endo (3'-5') C2'-endo sugar puckers being observed. We present theoretical calculations, based on the method of molecular mechanics, which support the experimental observations. The results suggest that the mixed C3'-edo (3'-5') C2'-endo pucker conformation isi intrinsically more stable than the uniform C3'-endo conformation, but that the additional stabilisation gained from specific, hydrogen bonding, interactions between nucleic acid and solvent, or intramolecularly within the nucleic acid, can lead to the adoption of the latter conformation, or of variants between the two. The role played by hydrogen bonding between amino-groups and nucleic acid phosphate appears more subtle than previously supposed. PMID- 7232222 TI - Vertebrate histone gene transcription occurs from both DNA strands. AB - Three clones containing vertebrate histone genes, two from chicken and one from human have been investigated. DNA from each recombinant within lambda Charon 4A has been strand-separated on agarose gels in the presence of poly r(UG). Southern transfer analysis with histone cDNA indicates that in each case transcription occurs from both strands. These results argue against the possibility of polycistronic transcription of these vertebrate histone genes. PMID- 7232226 TI - Gastrin release after truncal vagotomy in fistula dogs: hypersensitivity to bombesin but not bethanechol. AB - Integrated gastrin response was measured by the serial changes in serum immunoreactive gastrin after various stimuli in three dogs with gastric fistula and highly selective fundic vagotomy, who were then subjected to truncal vagotomy. Truncal vagotomy eliminated the gastrin as well as the gastric acid response to vagal excitation by 2-deoxy-glucose, but did not significantly changes the responses to bethanechol (20 or 120 micrograms/kg/hr by IV infusion). Acid output was the same with bombesin or its nonapeptide in the dogs with fundic vagotomy as it was after subsequent truncal vagotomy, but gastrin release was very much increased by truncal vagotomy. For a 3-hour infusion of bombesin integrated gastrin release was 65 and 143 ng/ml/min and for its nonapeptide 43 and 109 ng/ml/min in the dogs with fundic and truncal vagotomy respectively. The marked hypersensitivity of the gastrin response after truncal vagotomy to bombesin but not to a cholinergic agonist suggests that the antral denervation led to a post-denervation hyper-response to the putative transmitter, bombesin, and that the vagal release of antral gastrin may thus represent a peptidergic neurohormonal mechanism. Also, a long half-life of effect suggests that bombesin binds avidly to its receptors. PMID- 7232223 TI - ATP/Mg++-dependent cross-linking of cap binding proteins to the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA. AB - Two proteins of apparent molecular weights of 28,000 and 50,000 daltons were shown to recognize and cross-link specifically to the 5' cap end of oxidized reovirus mRNA. Cross-linking of these proteins to mRNA was ATP/Mg++ dependent, in sharp contrast to cross-linking of a 24K cap binding protein which was purified and characterized previously (Sonenberg, N., Rupprecht, K.M., Hecht, S.M. and Shatkin, A.J. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA 76, 4345-4349). Non-hydrolyzable analogues of ATP as well as other nucleotides did not substitute for ATP in the cross-linking reaction and Mg++ was significantly preferred over other divalent cations in cross-linking of the 28K and 50K dalton proteins. A model involving the function of the latter proteins in recognition and unwinding of the 5' end structure of capped eukaryotic mRNAs is suggested. PMID- 7232225 TI - Stereochemical details of the side-by-side model for DNA. AB - Coordinates are presented for a refined model of the side-by-side (SBS) structure for the in vivo B-form of duplex DNA. Bond lengths and bond angles are within 0.025A and 2.0 degrees of standard values and there are no non-bonded intramolecular contacts shorter than 2.75 A. These and other details of the refined model indicate that the SBS proposal is stereochemically viable. PMID- 7232227 TI - Bradykinin analogs containing alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib). AB - All seven possible bradykinin (BK) analogs contained Aib in place of proline have been synthesized by the solid phase method and assayed for in vitro myotropic activity on the guinea pig ileum and rat uterus, and in vivo on the rat blood pressure, both in intravenous and intra-aortic administration. [Aib(2,3)]-BK, [Aib(2,7)]-BK, and [Aib(2,3,7)]-BK had no in vivo or in vitro activities; [Aib(2)]-BK, [Aib(3)]-BK and [Aib(3,7)]-BK had moderate BK-like activities and a significantly increased resistance to pulmonary inactivation in the rat ([Aib(3,7)]-BK was totally resistant). [Aib(7)]-BK was found to be the most active position seven BK analog yet assayed on the rat blood pressure, and shows remarkably high ileum (4 times BK) and intravenous rat blood pressure (6 times BK) activity. PMID- 7232224 TI - Rapid synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides VI. Efficient, mechanised synthesis of heptadecadeoxyribonucleotides by an improved solid phase phosphotriester route. AB - Efficient mechanised synthesis of heptadecadeoxyribonucleotides has been achieved on an economically small scale by an improved solid phase phosphotriester method on a polydimethylacrylamide resin. Improvements were made in the preparation of dinucleotide building blocks, reaction conditions for oligonucleotide assembly and in purification of deprotected oligonucleotides by h.p.l.c. Several milligrams of pure heptadecamers were obtained. Two of the heptadecamers were designed for sequencing in opposite directions of DNA cloned in phage M13mp2. PMID- 7232228 TI - Pupillary effects of leucine and methionine enkephalin in rats after intraperitoneal administration. AB - Changes in pupil size after peripheral administration of met-enkephalin, leu enkephalin, or morphine were studied in the rat. With a simple pupillographic technique, the pupil diameter of male, S.D. rats (250--300 g) was measured by a series of photographs taken every 60 sec for at least 45 min after the last drug injection. Morphine (8 mg/kg, SC) caused mydriasis characterized by rapid and marked fluctuations of pupil size. Mydriasis also occurred after leu-enkephalin (5 and 10 mg/kg, IP) and met-enkephalin (20 mg/kg, IP) Both peptides induced morphine-like fluctuations. When given 15 min after morphine, leu-enkephalin (5 and 10 mg/kg) increased the mydriatic effect of morphine from 172 percent of control to 224 and 272 percent, respectively. Met-enkephalin (20 mg/kg, but not 10 mg/kg) also enhanced the mydriatic response of morphine, to 244 percent of control. These interactions appear to represent simple addition rather than potentiation. The effects of both peptides were reversed by naloxone (1 mg/kg, SC), suggesting an opiate receptor interaction for the pupillary effect of the enkephalins. The rat pupil thus provides one of the few in vivo models permitting quantification of enkephalin action after parenteral administration. PMID- 7232229 TI - Vasopressin analogues and spatial short-term memory in rats. AB - The effect of vasopressin analogues on short-term memory was tested in the 12-arm radical maze. After the first 6 choices rat (n = 16) were removed from the apparatus and allowed to complete the remaining 6 choices 20 min later. Whereas desgly-NH2-VP, AVP, dAVP and dDAVP (3.0 mu/kg) administered 40 min before or immediately after the first 6 choices did not change the incidence of errors in the second series of choices (2.0 errors under control conditions), similarly applied dDAVP deteriorated the rat's performance almost to the chance level of 3 errors. The significance of short-term memory tests for assessing the mnestic role of peptide hormones is stressed. PMID- 7232230 TI - Subtyping in the borderline realm by means of Rorschach analysis. PMID- 7232231 TI - Dynamic and developmental issues in borderline and related "spectrum" disorders. PMID- 7232232 TI - Use of the acute hospital unit in the early phase of longterm treatment of borderline psychotic patients. PMID- 7232233 TI - Depression and the anorexia nervosa syndrome. PMID- 7232234 TI - Characterizing the families of borderlines. A review of the literature. PMID- 7232235 TI - Structural interviewing. PMID- 7232236 TI - Subaffective disorders: dysthymic, cyclothymic and bipolar II disorders in the "borderline" realm. PMID- 7232237 TI - Organic brain dysfunction and the borderline syndrome. PMID- 7232238 TI - Interrelationship of hysteroid dysphoria and borderline personality disorder. PMID- 7232241 TI - Pain in the scrotal area. PMID- 7232240 TI - Dissection of dizziness: with emphasis on labyrinthine vertigo. AB - The three most common types of vertiginous episodes area benign positional vertigo, postural vertigo, and endolymphatic hydrops. One of these conditions will be found in more than 90% of patients who present with vertigo as their main complaint. A clear understanding of the differences among these three entities will enable the physician not only to prescribe appropriate effective medical treatment but also to counsel and educate the patient about his or her particular condition. PMID- 7232239 TI - Neuroendocrine evaluation of depression in borderline patients. PMID- 7232242 TI - Cutaneous manifestations of systemic disease. AB - The skin should not be thought of as an isolated organ system. When the skin is involved by disease, other organs may be affected as well. Cutaneous xanthomas commonly occur with plasma lipid abnormalities, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum with diabetes mellitus, and the porphyrias with altered heme synthesis. Erythema multiforme and erythema nodosum may be considered hypersensitivity reactions, occurring in response to a wide range of inciting agents, including infections, drugs, neoplasms, and rarely, collagen vascular diseases. PMID- 7232243 TI - Pruritus: identifying and treating the causes. AB - The physician's ability to successfully treat and at least control, if not cure, the skin diseases resulting in pruritus has come through better understanding of skin physiology and the fortuitous discovery of a number of pharmacologic agents that significantly influence the pathologic processes causing itching. While the therapeutic armamentarium is far from perfect, the experienced practitioner can use it to considerable clinical benefit for the pruritus patient. PMID- 7232244 TI - Minor burns: guidelines for successful outpatient management. AB - Minor burns are not necessarily trivial. They often involve dynamic or cosmetically important body areas, and outpatient treatment is not always indicated. Hospitalization is usually necessary for the very young or the elderly; those with deep partial-thickness or full-thickness burns; those with burns of the hand, face, foot, or perineum; those who are alcoholics, demented, or economically deprived; and those who have another illness or injury. Hospitalization is mandatory in cases of suspected child abuse or neglect. Superficial partial-thickness burns can be managed in a variety of ways, including application of biologic dressings and synthetic skin coverings. Most deep partial-thickness burns and all full-thickness ones should be considered for early excision and grafting. All but the most superficial burns require maintenance of joint function and long-term follow-up. PMID- 7232246 TI - Decision for alcohol detoxication: a method to standardize patient evaluation. AB - We have presented a tested method of evaluation of the patient with acute alcohol intoxication and/or abstinence syndromes, which we recognize needs further modification and refinement. However, we wish to encourage continued development and standardization of an evaluation instrument that ultimately can become widely accepted. This should reduce the current confusion concerning the diagnosis, extent, and severity of the acute phase of alcohol dependence. If this can be accomplished, the questions (and the controversy) of drug vs non-drug and medical vs nonmedical treatment become moot; rather, a continuum of care will exist which is based on meaningful use and interdisciplinary communication of symptom severity as a foundation for rational treatment approaches. PMID- 7232245 TI - Surgical implications of pediatric endocrine disorders. AB - The adrenal gland and the gonads both originate in the embryonic posterior mesenchyme and secrete steroids. Malfunction in either of them results in certain typical developmental problems. The adrenogenital syndrome resulting from excess androgen production occurs as masculinization in the female and precocious maturation in the male. Adrenal tumor usually has the same presentation; feminizing tumors are rare and usually are malignant. Gonadal problems include enlargement of sex organs, ambiguous genitalia, missing testes, and tumor causing precocious puberty. Endocrine problems must be assessed as early as quickly as possible, particularly cases of ambiguous genitalia, so that a proper sex assignment can be made and treatment instituted before parental attitudes arise that will affect the child later on. Surgical restructuring or removal of unneeded organs often is necessary. PMID- 7232247 TI - Renal dysfunction. 1. Urea and creatinine. AB - Serum urea is more frequently increased in nonrenal than in renal disease, a fact that blunts its diagnostic usefulness. The serum creatinine is probably the most useful of commonly available tests for both detecting and monitoring renal disease, but it is not without its shortcomings. Serum urea/creatinine ratios are generally supportive of clinical impressions but are subject to so many variables as to be too tenuous for diagnostic purposes, especially in acute renal failure. Measured creatinine clearances are still widely performed but are subject to so many variables (none the least of which is inaccurate urine collection) as to warrant abandonment. Estimated creatinine clearances are reasonably accurate, but indications for their use are relatively limited. PMID- 7232249 TI - Severe, chronic hypochondriasis. 1. A practical method of treatment. AB - Management of severe, chronic hypochondriasis can be both frustrating and time consuming for the primary care physician. The approach described here is based on recognizing and, within defined limits, meeting the patient's need for a secure and sustained relationship. Prevention of hypochondriasis is discussed in part 2, which begins on page 149. PMID- 7232248 TI - Sexual problems: current approaches in primary care practice. AB - Primary care physicians are being confronted with an increasing number and variety of sexual problems among their patients. Some welcome the chance to work with such problems, while others prefer referral to specialized sex therapy facilities. The manner in which referrals are made can be a key factor in whether patients follow through with treatment. PMID- 7232250 TI - Aphthous ulcers. PMID- 7232251 TI - Violence: the role of chemical agents. PMID- 7232255 TI - Bacterial coryza in turkeys in Texas. AB - A motile, gram-negative, short bacillus was isolated from the tracheas of turkey poults with coryza. An Escherichia coli also was isolated from the tracheas of poults. The former bacterium possessed characteristics similar or identical to those isolated from coryza outbreaks in other states. The characteristics were similar to those described for Alcaligenes fecalis. Cultures of the turkey coryza isolate produced coryza when inoculated intranasally in 1 to 3-day-old poults. The bacterium was reisolated consistently from the tracheas of the affected poults. In one experiment, poults inoculated with the coryza bacterium and the E. coli isolate had an apparent increased incidence of air sacculitis. No viruses were isolated from the tracheas of coryza-affected poults. Blood serums were negative for precipitating and hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies to avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses, respectively. The serum neutralizing antibody titers to infectious bursal disease virus in noninoculated poults, and poults inoculated with the coryza bacterium, or E. coli or both, were undetectable or low. Serum agglutination was not a reliable method for determining infection by the coryza bacterium. PMID- 7232252 TI - Dietary considerations in hypertension. AB - The physician, faced with the formidable statistic of one person in the five having hypertension, should be prepared to instruct patients about the role of dietary factors, such as salt, alcohol, and overeating, in the etiology, treatment, and prevention of high blood pressure and to provide counseling and help in making dietary changes. The physician can enlist the aid of a dietitian in all phases of the task. PMID- 7232253 TI - Cutis laxa. PMID- 7232254 TI - Renal dysfunction. 2. Proteinuria. AB - Proteinuria greater than 150 mg/24 hr without antecedent strenuous exercise demands an explanation. As an aid in the search for that explanation, this article provides a simple, logical classification of the various causes of proteinuria. Part 1 of this two-part article, published last month (page 93), discussed urea and creatinine. PMID- 7232256 TI - Experimental ochratoxicosis in turkey poults. AB - Graded concentrations of ochratoxin A (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 micrograms/g of feed) incorporated into the diet of turkey poults from hatching until 3 weeks of age resulted in a decreased growth rate, enlarged proventriculus and gizzard, and a regressed thymus (all at 4 and 8 micrograms/g) and the sizes of liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, bursa of Fabricius were unaffected. Feed conversion ratio increased from 1.63 (control value) to 2.07 (8 micrograms/g). Mortality was increased significantly (P less than .05) at 8 micrograms/g. Water consumption and plasma uric acid were increased at 4 and 8 micrograms/g. Plasma glucose and the dry weight of the kidneys decreased significantly at 8 micrograms/g while total plasma proteins, prothrombin time, plasma carotenoids, and phenol red clearance rate were unaltered. A leucocytopenia, which was primarily a lymphocytopenia, was observed at 4 and 8 micrograms/g. Heterophils decreased while basophils increased at 8 micrograms/g. The oral LD50 for day-old and 3-week old poults was 4.63 +/- .31 and 7.84 +/- .94 mg/kg, respectively. Intraperitoneally, the value for day-old birds was .16 +/- .03 +/- mg/kg and for 3-week-old birds was .34 +/- .09 mg/kg. These data suggest that ochratoxin is a potent nephrotoxin in turkeys, but that ochratoxicosis in turkeys differs markedly from the disease in other species. PMID- 7232257 TI - Influence of glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) on performance and selected parameters in broilers. AB - Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl)glycine), Roundup, the herbicide formulation of the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate, was fed to male and female broiler chickens at 0, 60.8, 608, and 6080 ppm from 1 day to 21 days of age. Parameters measured were body weights, bone weights and lengths, bone ash, inorganic phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and calcium to phosphorus ratios of tibiotarsus bones. There were no consistent significant differences among the control, 60.8, or 608 ppm groups in any of the parameters measured. The addition of glyphosate to feed at the highest dose level (6080 ppm) reduced body weight approximately 50% in both sexes as early as 7 days of age, and this reduction continued for the rest of the experiment. The highest dose level increased the calcium and magnesium content of the tibiotarsus bones. PMID- 7232258 TI - Effects of T-2 toxin on brain catecholamines and selected blood components in growing chickens. AB - Four-week-old male broiler chickens were intubated with a single dose of purified T-2 toxin at 2.5 mg/kg body weight. The brain concentrations of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT) and selected blood components were determined in T-2 toxin treated and control chickens at 4, 12, 24, and 48 hr after the toxin treatment. The brain DA concentration of T-2 treated chickens was significantly greater at 12 and 24 hr, whereas brain NE was lower at 24 and 48 hr after toxin treatment as compared with controls. The brain 5-HT level was not altered by T-2 toxin. Serum cholesterol was increased at 4 and 12 hr after T-2 treatment. The serum LDH and GOT activities were not changed by T-2 toxin. T-2 treated chickens had greater packed cell volume and hemoglobin than controls at 24 hr after dosing. Red blood cell counts were not affected but white blood cell counts were decreased during the 12 to 48 hr period after T-2 treatment. The results of this study suggest that T-2 toxin influences brain catecholamines and blood components and thereby possibly brain function in chickens. PMID- 7232259 TI - Dietary self-selection and use of reverse-protein diets for developing broiler breeder pullets. AB - Broiler breeder pullets of a commercial strain were allowed a free-choice of diets providing concentrated sources of protein (46.3% CP, 2487 kcal ME/kg) or energy (8.6% CP, 3218 kcal ME/kg). Three replicate floor pen groups of 22 birds each were compared with control birds consuming a regular diet ad lib. Diet self selection had no effect on growth rate (P greater than .05), while calculation of nutrient intake indicated a dietary equivalent consumed of some 18% CP 0 to 4 weeks, some 13% CP 4 to 16 weeks, and 17% CP from 16 to 20 weeks. This pattern is discussed relative to previous findings with Leghorn pullets. In a second trial birds were fed a reverse protein program, with the following diets being provided ad lib: 0 to 12 weeks, 12% CP, 3080 kcal ME/kg; 12 to 16 weeks, 16% CP, 2974 kcal ME/kg; and 16 to 20 weeks, 19% CP, 2972 kcal ME/kg. Control birds received a regular feeding program, involving a restricted feeding schedule as recommended by the breeding organization. Each diet was tested with six replicate cages of 10 birds each. Up to 8 weeks-of-age reverse protein fed birds were smaller in body size than conventionally restricted birds. However, after this time, the converse was true. PMID- 7232260 TI - The influence of microflora on the breakdown of maize starch granules in the digestive tract of chicken. AB - Influence of the microflora on the extent of degradation of starch in the chicken digestive tract has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Axenic (germfree), holoxenic (conventional), and monoxenic (only one germ) chickens inoculated with two strains of lactobacillus (strains 220 and 207) isolated from the crop of the cock were used in these experiments. In vitro starch granules were less hydrolyzed by strain 207 than by strain 220. A more extensive degradation was observed when starch was included in feed. This breakdown resulted in formation of cavities and pin holes in the starch granules. In vivo starch granules in the crop of holoxenic and monoxenic chickens were scarcely damaged and erosion was always superficial. In monoxenic 207 chicken as in holoxenic ones, bacteria were fixed on the crop wall. In feces, the pattern of the breakdown was dependent on the type of animal. These results demonstrated the role of the total microflora in the breakdown of starch and the specific intervention of the two strains of lactobacilli. PMID- 7232261 TI - Factors influencing the assessment of the availability of choline in feedstuffs. AB - Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that chicks fed diets designed to be first-limiting in choline will also respond to supplements of sulfur containing amino acids and that the growth response of chicks fed a choline limiting diet to a supplement of a feedstuff cannot be accepted as a reliable measure of the choline content of the feedstuff. Chicks fed 25% isolated soybean protein (ISP) diets that were severely limiting in choline showed a growth response to supplements of either choline or methionine. A bioassay was used to determine the availability of choline in soybean meal (SBM). Results indicated that including 10% SBM in the 25% ISP diet (at the expense of corn starch) drastically altered the chicks' response to choline. When 100 ppm choline was added to the 10% SBM diet, growth responses, compared to the original standard curve, indicated recoveries of 400 and 352% in two experiments. Additional studies indicated that chicks fed the 25% ISP + 10% SBM-based diet responded not only to choline additions but also to methionine, cystine, sulfate, and betaine additions. Further, it was shown that chicks fed a practical-type corn-soy-grease based diet respond equally as well to supplements of 1% concentrated Steffens Filtrate, .2% L-methionine, or 800 ppm choline. The validity of assays of choline availability based on the assumption that choline is the first-limiting nutrient is questioned. PMID- 7232263 TI - Effects on feed palatability of ingredients believed to contain unidentified growth factors for poultry. AB - The influences of several feedstuffs on the free-choice feeding behavior of Japanese quail, Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) chicks, broiler-type chicks, and SCWL hens were investigated. Each type of animal showed significant feeding preferences for diets containing practical feedstuffs popularly associated with unidentified growth factor (UGF) activities. Among these, diets containing menhaden meal and corn distillers' dried solubles were preferred most frequently. Results indicated that a component of the UGF activities of practical feedstuffs may be an increase in feed palatability. Controlled feeding diets containing menhaden meal to Japanese quail demonstrated a typical UGF effect in addition to a palatability effect. PMID- 7232262 TI - Effect of calcium carbonate particle size on the available phosphorus requirement of broiler chicks. AB - Sixteen hundred broiler strain cockerels housed in battery brooders 1 to 21 days of age were used to determine the effect of feeding different commercially available particle-sized calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the phosphorus requirement. Five replicates of 8 chicks each were fed corn-soy type diets consisting of either 12 to 20, 20 to 60, or 100 to 200 (passed-retained basis) United States Bureau of Standards (USBS) sieve-sized CaCO3. Each particle-sized CaCO3 was fed in diets containing either .20 to .30% (Experiment 2), or .20 to .45% (Experiment 3) available phosphorus (AP) with .05% increments. Supplementary phosphorus was added as sodium phosphate monobasic. Tibia ash and body weight were greater when the USBS 20 to 60 particle-sized CaCO3 was fed then when either the USBS 12 to 20 or 100 to 200 particle-sized CaCO3 was fed. 90% dietary calcium was fed to broiler chicks, the phosphorus requirement was either .35% AP with the USBS 20 to 60 particle-sized CaCO3 or at least .45% AP with either the USBS 12 to 20 or 100 to 200 particle-sized CaCO3. Blood alkaline phosphatase, which indicates bone calcification, was inversely correlated (r = -.65) with bone ash. Blood calcium and blood phosphorus increased, and blood alkaline phosphatase decreased with increasing dietary phosphorus. These data show that the 21-day-old broiler chick's available phosphorus requirement is less in corn-soybean meal diets containing a USBS 20 to 60 particle-sized CaCO3 than in diets containing either the USBS 12 to 20 or 100 to 200 particle-sized CaCO3. PMID- 7232264 TI - True metabolizable energy values of corn and different varieties of wheat and barley using normal and dwarf single comb White Leghorn Roosters. AB - An experiment with four trials was conducted to measure the true metabolizable energy value of corn and different varieties of wheat and barley using normal and dwarf Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) roosters. Maxigene, Purple, Red, and Yamhill wheats and corn were assayed for TME using normal sized and dwarf roosters in Trials 1 and 2, respectively. Hannchen, No. 2 Western, Lady Godiva, and Hiproly barleys were assayed using normal sized and dwarf SCWL roosters in Trials 3 and 4, respectively. The pooled results indicated that normal sized roosters gave (P less than .01) significantly higher TME values than dwarf roosters. There was no significant difference in TME found between wheat and barley cultivars, although both types of grain were significantly (P less than .01) lower in TME than the value found for corn. Average dry matter TME values for corn, wheat, and barley were 4.17, 3.70, and 3.54, respectively. A bird x grain interaction was found to be significant (P less than .05). PMID- 7232265 TI - Sulfur amino acid requirements and interactions in broilers during two growth periods. AB - Total sulfur amino acid (TSAA) requirements and methionine and cystine combinations were investigated during two growth phases (0 to 21 days and 21 to 42 days) of broilers using practical-type diets. For the first growth phase (0 to 21 days), the basal diet contained .62% TSAA to which increasing increments of DL methionine were added. Both overall growth and feed efficiency improved as methionine levels increased to a level of .82% TSAA. When methionine-cystine combinations were used with the same basal diet, it was found that cystine could supply 54% of the TSAA content. When expressed on a millimolar basis, the methionine requirement was 41%, while cystine could account for 59% of the TSAA's. During the second growth phase (21 to 42 days) a basal diet consisting of .52% TSAA was used along with DL-methionine supplements to determine sulfur amino acid requirements. The trend was towards a slight decrease in requirement from .82% during the first growth period, to between .70% and .76% TSAA in the diet, represented mainly by methionine. When sulfur amino acid combinations were used during this period it appeared the replacement value of cystine for methionine decreased to between 38 and 43% of the TSAA level. Results also suggested that a more efficient way to express the sulfur amino acid requirement may be on a mole per unit of feed basis. PMID- 7232266 TI - New evidence for intrinsic blood coagulation in chickens. AB - Coagulation of blood in chickens is considered the result of an extrinsic clotting system initiated, as in mammals, by tissue thromboplastin released from injured tissues. Blood coagulation in mammals depends principally on an intrinsic mechanism in which thromboplastin is generated from blood itself. Only a negligible role, if any, has been ascribed to an intrinsic system in chickens. A reevaluation of intrinsic coagulation in chickens was undertaken in this study. Whole blood of chickens was found to clot over 30% faster when contacted by suitable surface activators such as kaolin or glass than when such contact was omitted. Plasma recalcification times were significantly (P less than .02) shortened by contact activators. Clotting functions were measurable both by partial thromboplastin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, tests that bypass extrinsic factors. Intrinsic thromboplastin could be generated from dilute whole chicken blood although at a slower rate than that reported for human blood. Modification of whole blood thromboplastin generation techniques permitted measurement of activities that seem analogous to human intrinsic factors VIII and IX but not XI or XII. These data provide evidence of a functioning intrinsic clotting mechanism in chickens. A complete description and role for this mechanism remains to be defined. PMID- 7232267 TI - Normal EEG of the restrained twenty-four-hour-old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). AB - A new method for obtaining bipolar electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from day-old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) is described. The electrodes are chronically placed stainless steel suture wires sewn into the skull and secured with dental acrylic. Using this arrangement, recordings were made over the hyperstriatum accessorum and dorsoarchistriatum regions of the brain. These records showed a preponderance of high amplitude slow waves. Transitions to low amplitude fast waves were also evident, and rare instances of paradoxical sleep were noted. computerized frequency analyses of the recordings divided wave numbers into distinct groups over the 1 to 17 Hz range: 1 to 4 Hz, 4 to 8 Hz, 8 to 13 Hz, and 13 to 17 Hz. Frequencies of waves detectable across the hyperstriatum accessorum were primarily confined to the 1 to 7 Hz range, whereas waves generated around the dorsoarchistriatus showed more abundant high frequency patterns. Mean amplitude of the waves (10 to 50 muV) showed an inverse exponential relationship with frequency. The method described produced an EEG of good quality on unanesthetized birds with the electrode placement procedures requiring less than 30 min. PMID- 7232268 TI - Representative oxygen dissociation curve and equation for the chicken. AB - Because of the considerable variability in the oxygen dissociation curves for chickens reported in the literature, the respiratory physiologist studying avian gas exchange is faced with the dilemma of which curve is representative for the chicken. In order to arrive at a representative curve, data from eight reported curves were compiled and adjusted to the same set of standard conditions of temperature (T), pH, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2): T = 42 C, pH = 7.5 PCO2 = 40 torr. The mean PO2 STD (mean +/- SD) versus percent saturation of hemoglobin curve was then determined. The mean data were fitted to an equation representing the oxygen dissociation curve so that for any selected partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) the percent saturation (%SAT) of oxyhemoglobin may be computed. The P50 values for the mean literature and equation curves, respectively, were 47.4 +/- 9.8 and 45.3 Torr. The mean curve with its standard deviations provides a chicken oxygen dissociation curve representative of the literature data to which experimental data may be compared. The equation for the curve enables rapid referral to the representative curve to compute the %SAT, given the PO2 adjusted to the standard conditions. PMID- 7232269 TI - Xanthophyll bioavailability in dehydrated turf grass. AB - In a 16-day experiment involving 270 32-week-old laying hens, dehydrated turf grass (DTG) and corn gluten meal (CGM) were compared as xanthophyll sources for egg yolk pigmentation. Experimental diets were formulated to contain, 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg total xanthophyll/kg diet, provided as either DTG or CGM. Neither egg production nor feed consumption was affected by diet. Egg yolk color dominant wavelength increased slightly with increasing dietary xanthophyll and did not differ with source. Egg yolk color excitation purity increased quadratically (P less than .001) with dietary xanthophyll. The response was similar for both DTG and CGM. It was concluded that the xanthophyll in DTG is 100% bioavailable relative to CGM. PMID- 7232270 TI - Reproductive performance of laying hens fed tungsten. PMID- 7232271 TI - Fertility of chickens from lines divergently selected for mating frequency. AB - Fertility comparisons of males under natural and artificial mating situations were made among lines of chickens selected for high and low mating frequency and the randombred population from which the selected lines originated. Although highly significant differences existed among lines for the frequency of sexual behaviors, there were no significant differences in fertility among lines either when males were with females for extended periods of time or when hens were artificially inseminated. Significant differences were found between mating systems for days to peak and duration of fertility. PMID- 7232273 TI - Effective practice management. PMID- 7232272 TI - A comparison of bone strengths from broilers reared under various conditions in coops and floor pens. AB - A series of four trials was conducted to compare the influence of several design variables on the strength of bones from coop and floor-reared broilers. So that the activity of coop-reared broilers would increase, a fan system intermittently forced air up through the bottom of the coops. Because the broilers became accustomed to the intermittent force of air, the induced extra activity decreased after the first 7 days of fan use. No differences in bone strength were observed in broilers reared in the control and fan-treated coops. Broilers reared in floor pens with a screen covering placed at a height equal to the height of the coops (29 cm) had significantly (P less than .01) weaker wing bones than floor-reared controls. When the height of the screen was increased to 46 cm, no significant difference was observed in the strength of wing bones of broilers in the screened and control pens. PMID- 7232274 TI - Effective practice management. PMID- 7232275 TI - Effective practice management. PMID- 7232277 TI - Diagnosis of hair disease. PMID- 7232276 TI - Asymptomatic gonorrhoea in the male. PMID- 7232278 TI - Rapid whitening of scalp hair. A manifestation of localized ageing in a healthy man. PMID- 7232279 TI - The cosmetic treatment of hirsutism. PMID- 7232281 TI - Albino Fellowship. A new kind of welfare organization? PMID- 7232280 TI - Female sterilization. PMID- 7232282 TI - Endometriosis in non-gynaecological sites. PMID- 7232283 TI - [Studies on the image quality of x-ray films of the thorax (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232284 TI - [Demonstration of meningococci in infections of the airways (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232285 TI - [Complications of primary tuberculosis in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232286 TI - [Personal history, prick test, total IgE and RAST in the diagnosis of type I allergy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232287 TI - [A comparative study of various methods for estimating the residual volume in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232288 TI - [Diagnostics and preventive treatment of asthma syndrome in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232289 TI - [Report on the ninth series of X-ray mass examinations in the federal land of Schleswig-Holstein (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232290 TI - [The value of the perfusion scintigram of the lung for "T and N staging" in bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232291 TI - [Classification of chest disorders observed in pneumonological practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232292 TI - [Children in surgical wards: a cognitive intervention program for reducing behavioral disorders]. PMID- 7232293 TI - [School instruction in the hospital as a compensation and rehabilitation factor]. PMID- 7232294 TI - [Logical consequences instead of punishment! A contribution on the humane but nonetheless effective behavior modification of students]. PMID- 7232295 TI - [The general practitioner's 'everyday ethics' (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232296 TI - [Anti-inflammatory drugs, prostaglandins and inflammation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232298 TI - [The handling of ill people - regarding the psychology of the long-term patient (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232297 TI - [Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232299 TI - [Dermatological entomology. The practical-medical importance of mites and insects in Switzerland and its surrounding regions. 16. Lepidoptera/butterflies]. PMID- 7232300 TI - [Vaginal tampons loaded with miconazole for the treatment of vulvo-vaginitis caused by Candida albicans (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232301 TI - [The destroyed lung of tuberculous origin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232302 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of ischemic lesions of the colon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232303 TI - [Ischemic colitis (Clinic-endoscopic evolution of five cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232304 TI - ["Acute abdomen" arising from vascular disorders in the adults and in the elderly (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232305 TI - [Cardiovascular side-effects of oral contraceptives with special regard to metabolism, lipoproteins and their role in the pathogenesis of vascular complications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232306 TI - [Psychometry in gynecological research (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232307 TI - [Secondary effects and complications of new intra-uterine devices (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232308 TI - [Abdominal pain, with particular reference to dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and endometriosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232310 TI - [Classification of anal incontinence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232309 TI - [Round table discussion. Endocrine metabolic disorders in gynecology]. PMID- 7232311 TI - The nerve supply of the pelvic floor. PMID- 7232312 TI - [Etiologic aspects of incontinence in inflammatory bowel disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232313 TI - [The analysis and diagnostic of disturbances of continence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232314 TI - [The anal incontinence in the geriatric treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232315 TI - [Electro-stimulation of pelvic floor muscles (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232316 TI - [Surgical treatment of anal incontinence after injury of the anal sphincter (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232317 TI - [Anal incontinence and surgical procedures to supplement anal sphincter functions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232318 TI - [Replacement of the anal sphincter (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232319 TI - [The treatment of rectal incontinence with the gracilis transposition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232320 TI - [General continuing education course of the medical school, 20-24 October 1980 in association with the Swiss Cancer Conference 1980]. PMID- 7232321 TI - [Immunoprophylaxis for viral hepatitis. A guide to it's use (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232322 TI - [Infectious diarrhoea--crucial problem of the Third World (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232323 TI - [Carcinoid tumours, carcinoid syndromes and associated malignancies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232324 TI - [Reconstruction of the female breast after mastectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232325 TI - [Health needs and education for the health professions in Switzerland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232326 TI - [Malacoplakia of the urethra. An uncommon localization]. PMID- 7232327 TI - [Nevoid lentigo. Differential histological diagnosis]. PMID- 7232328 TI - [Possibilities and limits of electron microscope diagnosis]. PMID- 7232329 TI - [Granulomas and granulomatoses. Cytobiologic and pathologic considerations]. PMID- 7232330 TI - [Problems of clinico-pathological cooperation in histological tumor diagnosis]. PMID- 7232331 TI - [Epitheloid cell granulomas in tonsils]. PMID- 7232332 TI - [Morphology of skin reactions to BCG]. PMID- 7232333 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine content of the placenta and decidual tissue in the rat. AB - Measurements of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and of the amounts of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in the placenta and uterus of the pregnant rat and in decidual tissue of the pseudo-pregnant rat showed that these wax and wane with the growth rate of the tissues. Human term placenta has essentially no ODC activity, but placentae from 15-week human gestations have substantial amounts of enzyme. The ODC activity of the rat placenta increases 40-fold from day 10 to day 17 of pregnancy, then gradually decreases. The content of the polyamines in the placenta also reaches a peak on day 17. The ODC activity of the endometrium between implantation sites remains low until the end of pregnancy and then increases eight-fold on days 21 and 22. This may represent increased uterine activity in preparation for parturition. The ODC activity and the polyamine content of decidual tissue responds to administered oestradiol with increases that reach a peak within four hours. The ODC activity and polyamine content of decidual tissue decrease after the fifth day of decidualization. Nuclei isolated from decidual tissue respond to the addition of spermine or spermidine with an increase in the rate of RNA synthesis. Spermidine increases the elongation of RNA chains, but does not initiate the synthesis of new RNA chains in decidual nuclei. PMID- 7232334 TI - Characterization of solubilized microvillous membrane proteins and glycoproteins from human placental syncytiotrophoblast. AB - Microvillous membrane fractions from human term placentae were prepared by differential centrifugation. Extration of membranes with PBS-EDTA or KCI removed soluble cytoplasmic components and serum proteins excepting trace amounts of albumin and transferrin. PAGE-SDS revealed 11 components in the Triton solubilized crude fraction after PBS-EDTA extraction. Membrane components solubilized with Triton were not fractionated by gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-50 m but DEAE-cellulose chromatography partially resolved these components. Three fractions were obtained by stepwise elution of absorbed materials using increasing concentrations of NaCl in the equilibrating buffer. These fractions were characterized using SDS-PAGE. The material unabsorbed to the DEAE contained two components of small molecular weight and one of them showed a positive PAS stain. The first eluted protein peak showed nine components, seven of which stained with PAS. The bulk of glycoproteins with molecular weights greater than 130 000 daltons were found in this fraction. The second eluted peak from DEAE was rich in components with molecular weights less than 42 000 daltons. Four components in this fraction were not identified in the other two ion-exchange fractions. Bands representing mobilities of albumin, transferrin and alkaline phosphatase were observed in DEAE-cellulose fractions; however, 12 components of unknown structure were revealed. PMID- 7232335 TI - Blastocyst-endometrial interactions and protein synthesis during pre-implantation development in the pig studied in vitro. AB - A co-culture technique is described for the study in vitro of interactions between elongated blastocyst tissue and endometrium in the pig. Culture conditions which were optimal for blastocyst protein synthesis were determined and tissue survival was assessed after 48 h in culture. A defined medium was adopted consisting of medium 199 supplemented with insulin and antibiotics. Blastocyst protein synthesis measured by labelled leucine incorporation was not enhanced by the addition of serum, suggesting either that it was not required for optimal protein synthesis ar that active substances of maternal (endometrial) origin were already adsorbed on to embryonic tissues. Endometrial explants co cultured with blastocyst tissue enhanced blastocyst protein synthesis approximately fourfold when intrinsic protein synthesis was low, but had little effect if it was already high. Blastocyst explants in which protein synthesis was enhanced by co-culture with endometrium demonstrated an increased synthesis of prealbumin proteins with molecular weights of 25 000 to 30 000. PMID- 7232337 TI - Studies of a single placental cotyledon in vitro: II. The intravascular volume. AB - The intravascular volume of isolated perfused human placental cotyledons was measured by the mean transit time of injected radio-iodine labelled human serum albumin. The technique gives highly reproducible results with no evidence of change with time. The mean intravascular volume was about 6 ml per 100 g of tissue, some 20 ml for an average placenta at term. PMID- 7232336 TI - Studies of a single placental cotyledon in vitro: I. The preparation and its viability. PMID- 7232338 TI - Studies of a single placental cotyledon in vitro: III. The dimensions of the villous capillaries. AB - The capillary beds of ten isolated perfused placental cotyledons were examined by injecting microspheres ranging from 2 microgram to more than 20 microgram diameter into the villous circulation. As many as 25 per cent of capillaries may be less than 4 microgram in diameter; there are virtually none whose diameter exceeds 11 microgram and there is no evidence of large diameter vascular shunts. PMID- 7232339 TI - Conceptus attachment in the ewe: an ultrastructural study. AB - Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations were made on trophoblast, caruncles and intercaruncular areas during the attachment of the conceptus. Three stages were determined: 1. From day 14 on, precontact was established and the conceptus appeared to be immobilized in the uterine lumen. On the centres of the caruncles which were depressed and folded the epithelial cells developed bulbous cytoplasmic protrusions. Throughout the free life of the conceptus, the trophoblast cells showed an abundant covering of microvilli. 2. On day 15, apposition occurred: most microvilli on the surface of the trophoblast disappeared. 3. Between days 16 and 18, adhesion began as a result of the interpenetration of the uterine microvilli and cytoplasmic projections of the trophoblast cells. During that stage trophoblast giant cells appeared and the uterine epithelium was turned into syncytial masses; however, it was apparently not destroyed later on. Between the caruncles, the trophoblast developed finger like villi which invaded the lumen of the uterine glands from days 15 to 18. During their short life-time (they vanish at day 20), these trophoblastic differentiations may anchor the pre-attachment conceptus and absorb the histotrophic secretions of the glands. PMID- 7232340 TI - Clustering and interrelationships of high, low, and very low-density lipoproteins in hypolipidemic children and adults: the Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinic's Princeton School Prevalence Study. PMID- 7232341 TI - Assessment of attitudes toward mass screening for colorectal cancer and polyps. PMID- 7232342 TI - Katharine Boucot Sturgis Lecture prevention and world health: the next two decades. PMID- 7232343 TI - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese---salted fish or inhaled smoke? PMID- 7232344 TI - Early prediction of hypertension using exercise blood pressure. PMID- 7232345 TI - Nosocomial tuberculosis in physicians: an analysis of direct costs of prevention and disease. PMID- 7232346 TI - The effects of a multiple treatment program and maintenance procedures on smoking cessation. PMID- 7232347 TI - [Tissue oxygen balance in relatives of diabetic patients and patients in the early stages of diabetes]. AB - The results of clinical and instrumental examinations of microcirculation in diabetics with an early stage of the disease (25) and in the relatives of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (89) are presented Capillaroscopy (capillaroscope MBC-1) was used for studying capillar circulation. The tissue oxygen balance was evaluated by means of polarography with functional tests. As a result, the capillar destruction and dysfunction were revealed in 2/3 of relatives and in all the patients with diabetes mellitus. The disorder of oxygen utilization and transport, indicating histotoxic and circulatory hypoxia presence, was found in the majority of subjects of both groups examined. PMID- 7232349 TI - [Mechanisms affecting the development of hyperplasia of the thyroid parenchyma]. AB - One of the basic mechanisms of the thyroid hyperplasia development, not depending on the thyroid abnormality character, is the necessity for augmentation of the contact extent between the blood and thyroid gland, resultant from an absolute or relative iodide deficiency in the thyroid tissue. PMID- 7232348 TI - [Hyperlipoproteinemia in diabetes mellitus]. AB - Lipid metabolism indices were studied in 100 patients with diabetes mellitus of different severity and compensation by means of disk electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. Hyperlipoproteinemia, more often of the IV type, was revealed in 51% of patients. In decompensated diabetes, mainly types IV and V were found out, which may be regarded as secondary (depending on carbohydrate metabolism disorder) hyperlipoproteinemia. In compensated diabetes, type IV hyperlipoproteinemia was seen, which appears to be primary, not depending on carbohydrate metabolism damage. PMID- 7232350 TI - [Bovine epiphyseal lactotropin, biologically and immunochemically related to pituitary prolactin]. AB - A substance biologically and immunologically related to the hypophysis lactogenic hormone (HLH) was detected in a purified preparation obtained by extracting the bovine pineal glands (epiphyses) with acidified acetonic saline fractionation, precipitation in isoelectric point and gel filtration. Bioactivity of the pineal gland lactogen was evaluated according to its ability for stimulating the pigeon thyroid gland proliferation. Equal doses of the pineal gland hormone and HLH produced the same biological effect. The lactogen immunochemical properties were studied by gel precipitation in agar gel, immunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoconcurrent technique. Absolute identity of the hormone immunochemical properties was revealed. Molecular weights of both lactogens, determined by chromatography on Sefadex C-75, were equal. The average HLH content in the organ, determined by radioimmunochemistry, was 4.7 X 10(5) micrograms for the hypophysis and 9.6 X 10(2) micrograms for the pineal gland. HLH content, calculated per 1 mg protein, was 3 X 10(3) micrograms for the hypophysis and 24 micrograms for the pineal gland. The hormone content in the epiphysis was 1000 times higher than HLH concentration in the blood serum. PMID- 7232351 TI - [Protein biosynthesis and thyroglobulin polyribosome content of thyroid cells in congenital goiter]. AB - The basic protein, synthetized in a cell-free (S 30) protein-synthetizing system from the thyroid cells in congenital goitre, is thyroalbumin, while 19S thyroglobulin synthesis is sharply reduced. Determination of the population extent of thyroglobulin polyribosomes has shown that they are practically absent in congenital goitre. It is suggested that thyroglobulin deficit in congenital goitre is provoked by deficiency in functioning thyroglobulin mRNA. PMID- 7232352 TI - [Comparative evaluation of clinical, radioisotope and histological diagnosis of thyroid gland tumors]. AB - A comparison of clinicoradioisotopic and pathohistological data was carried out in 22 patients. Of these, 19 had euthyroid nodal goitre and 3 thyroid cancer. Cold nodes were revealed in all the patients by means of scanning with 131I. The thyrotropin stimulation test and scanning with selenomethionin (75Se) were used to clarify the character of the tumor process. In cases of non-malignant tumors confirmed pathohistologically, thyrotropin exerted a stimulatory effect and selenomethionin (75Se) accumulation was not observed. In patients with thyroid cancer, cold nodes were not stimulated with thyrotropin whereas intense 75Se accumulation was seen. The positive stimulation test was obtained in one case of thyroid cancer owing to the presence of the unchanged thyroid tissue around the tumor node. 75Se accumulation by a benign tumor was caused by massive haemorrhages. Combined use of clinicoradioisotopic and pathohistological methods significantly improves the diagnosis of the thyroid cancer process. PMID- 7232353 TI - [Thyroid state and thyrotropic function of the pituitary gland in sportsmen during veloergometric exercise]. AB - The total and aerobic productivity, the content of the thyroid hormones, thyrotropin, lactate, and acid-base balance in the blood of 52 highly skilled sportsmen were studied in the process of veloergometric exercises of different intensity. It was shown that thyroxin and thyrotropin content increased and triiodothyronine concentration decreased in the blood plasma under the action of veloergometric exercises. A rise in cell metabolism and changes in the internal medium of the organism influence the alteration of the blood thyroid hormone and thyrotropin levels. Thyroid and hypophyseal thyrotropic functions depend to a certain degree on the exercise intensity and functional preparedness of the sportsmen. PMID- 7232354 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of chlodithane tablets in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome]. AB - The results of pharmacokinetic studies of chlodithane tablets hydrophilized with aerosil have shown that the maximum blood concentration of the drug is seen 6 hours after its administration. The most intensive chlodithane absorption by the gastrointestinal tract was noted after using single 1- and 2-g doses (94.9 and 90.8%, respectively). The drug excretion with feces with comparatively low when the daily dose of 4 to 8 g (15.9 to 25.9%) was used. The drug excretion rose to about 50% after the inhibitor dose was increased to over 8 g. It was found that 73.59 +/- 1.87% of the drug is absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, it is recommended that chlodithane be administered in a dose of 1 to 2 g 30 minutes after meals with 3- to 4-hour intervals, the daily dose not exceeding 8 g. The recommended scheme provides sufficiently high drug absorption by the gastrointestinal tract and the constant inhibitor concentration in the blood. PMID- 7232356 TI - [Wolfram's syndrome]. PMID- 7232355 TI - [Adrenal cortex function at different stages of burns]. AB - The blood corticosteroid levels of patients with severe burns were studied at different periods of the disease (burn shock, acute burn toxemia, septicotoxemia). The mean daily blood corticosteroid content in the burnt patients was increased. The most pronounced corticosteroid concentration increase (112.6 +/- 21.7 micrograms %) was seen in patients during burn shock. In toxemia and initial septicotoxemia, the corticosteroid concentration slightly decreased (41.7 +/- 7.1 and 49.4 +/- 5.4 micrograms %, respectively). The blood corticosteroid level abruptly fell to the lower limits of normal in patients during septicotoxemia, complicated with burn exhaustion. Deviations in the blood corticosteroid concentration of the burnt patients within 24 hours significantly differed from the normal circadian rhythm of the blood hormone release. PMID- 7232357 TI - [Familial form of congenital virilizing adrenal cortex hyperplasia]. PMID- 7232358 TI - [Corticosteroid biosynthesis in various water-salt dietary regimens]. AB - The production of desoxycorticosterone, 18-hydroxy-desoxycorticosterone and corticosterone by the mouse adrenals increases in vitro whereas 18-hydroxy corticosterone and/or aldosterone production falls to an uncertain level when the salt consumption rises from about 0.07 to 50 mekv per animal a day under conditions of water consumption ad libitum. Specific activity values of 3H corticosteroids, being formed by the adrenal cortex capsule from 3H-progesterone, added to the incubated culture, decrease. Aldosterone production by the adrenals remains unchanged under conditions of sodium load with the limited water consumption. It is suggested that the stimulating effect of endogenous ACTH on the adrenal cortex is potentiated because of the increased salt consumption. PMID- 7232359 TI - [Clinico-electromyographic characteristics of spinal cord and peripheral nerve function in diabetic children]. AB - By means of stimulating electromyography it was shown that children suffering from diabetes had a decrease in segmental motoneurone stimulation. It was manifested in the in the diminishing ratio of maximum reflex responses of the musculus soleus to the motor ones, in the delay of stimulation recovery, an inhibition of the Achilles tendon reflex. The changes mentioned were less pronounced in children with a history of hypoglycemic comas than in the rest children suffering from diabetes. It is suggested that some of EMG readings (the curve of motoneurone stimulation recovery, duration and asymmetry of the Achilles tendon reflex, rate of nervous impulse transmission may be of value for earlier revealing spinal motoneurone and peripheral nerve injuries in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7232360 TI - [Effect of chemical destruction of hypothalamic monoaminergic terminals on function of the adrenal cortex, thyroid gland and enterochromaffin system]. AB - In experiments on rats the influence of noradrenergic, dopaminergic terminal destruction after 6-hydroxydopamine intraventricular injection and of serotoninergic terminal damage following 5,6-hydroxytryptamine administration on the adrenal cortex, thyroid and enterochromaffin body function was studied under basal conditions and during cold stress. As a result of noradrenergic terminal destruction basal- and cold stress-induced functional activity of the adrenal cortex and enterochromaffin body augmented. After serotoninergic terminal damage stress-induced intensification of the functional activity of the endocrine glands mentioned was blocked. The thyroid gland function changed under the hypothalamic noradrenergic and serotoninergic terminal destruction. In the first case a cold induced rise in the gland functional activity was blocked and in the second one a stress-provoked growth of the thyroid gland activity was rather more than in the control. PMID- 7232361 TI - [Effect of calcitonin on lymphoid tissue cells in vitro]. AB - Calcitonin effect on lymphoid cells of the marrow, thymus, spleen and lymphoid nodes was studied on guinea-pigs and CBA mice. Calcitonin increased ThyI+ cell number in the marrow and thymus, restored rosette-forming ability of the thymus lymphocytes, heated at 45 degrees C within 1 hour, inducing an appearance of heteroerythrocyte receptors on their surface. The data obtained allow a conclusion that calcitonin is a substance, influencing the lymphoid tissue cell differentiation. PMID- 7232362 TI - [Use of direct spectrophotometry for the quantitative analysis of corticosteroids on thin-layer chromatograms]. AB - Direct densimetry at 252.5 microns of cortisol on chromatographic plates with a thin silica gel layer provides the best results in comparison with fluorimetry, that includes pretreatment of plates with tetrazole reagent. Accuracy, sensitivity and reproducibility of the method were examined with reference to quantitative determination of the blood serum corticosterone of rats. Owing to a high sensitivity the direct densimetry technique in reflected light at 252.5 microns proved suitable for quantitative evaluation of the steroid spectrum in extracts from the rat adrenal incubate sections and the human blood serum. 3 ml of the blood serum is required for analysis performance. PMID- 7232363 TI - [Stromal cell precursors in the bone marrow in blood system diseases]. PMID- 7232364 TI - [Mechanism of the stimulating action of low doses of hydrocortisone on hematopoietic stem cells]. PMID- 7232365 TI - [Glucocorticoid receptor content in the cytoplasm of human peripheral leukocytes]. PMID- 7232366 TI - [Achievements and developmental prospects of hematology care in the USSR]. PMID- 7232367 TI - [Use of acute hemodilution reserving large volumes of the patient's own blood in major surgical interventions]. PMID- 7232368 TI - [Functional viability of the thrombocytes in preserved blood stored 1-7 days]. PMID- 7232369 TI - [Effectiveness of membranotropic substances in the cryopreservation of erythrocytes]. PMID- 7232370 TI - [Oxygen-transport function of fibrinolytic blood]. PMID- 7232371 TI - [Microcirculatory state in the massive transfusion syndrome]. PMID- 7232372 TI - [Our experience in storing and transfusing blood and its fractions]. PMID- 7232373 TI - [Effect of adsorbent encapsulation on its effectiveness in removing metabolites of varying molecular weights]. PMID- 7232375 TI - [Blood coagulating properties of the plasma, thrombocytes and erythrocytes of persons with different ABO blood groups]. PMID- 7232374 TI - [Technological equipment and the automation of plasma fractionation processes]. PMID- 7232377 TI - [Characteristics of the changes in the hemostatic system in dogs immediate by following massive blood transfusion]. PMID- 7232376 TI - [Functional properties of granulocytes obtained by automatic cytopheresis]. PMID- 7232378 TI - [Determination of the polymorphism and aging of human serum albumin by an isofocusing method in a borate-polyol system]. PMID- 7232379 TI - [Diagnostic significance of an aspartate aminotransferase screening test of blood donors for preventing posttransfusion hepatitis]. PMID- 7232380 TI - [Does a massive transfusion syndrome exist as the result of posttransfusion toxemia?]. PMID- 7232381 TI - [Methodological problems of the modern clinical science of hemostasis]. PMID- 7232382 TI - [Method of computing the kinetic parameters of tumor growth in acute leukemia]. PMID- 7232383 TI - [Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in relation to the leukocyte count in leukemias]. PMID- 7232385 TI - [Thrombin test in isolated blood as a means of studying internal regulation mechanisms of the blood coagulation system]. PMID- 7232386 TI - [Practical use of recent medical achievements at the Khmelnik Province Tuberculosis Control Institute]. PMID- 7232384 TI - [Liver function indices in chronic lympholeukosis]. PMID- 7232387 TI - [Prospects of surgical treatment in fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7232388 TI - [Combined transfusion therapy in the preoperative preparation of patients with specific pleural empyema]. PMID- 7232389 TI - [Functional rehabilitation in the surgical treatment of patients with disseminated forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7232390 TI - [Alcoholism in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7232392 TI - [Differential diagnosis of different formations of the mediastinum and roots of the lungs in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7232391 TI - [Use of sulfozine to treat chronic alcoholism in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7232394 TI - [X-ray densitometry in the differential diagnosis of peripheral cancer and other spherical formations in the lungs]. PMID- 7232393 TI - [Diagnostic errors in the specialized diagnostic department of a tuberculosis hospital]. PMID- 7232395 TI - [Significance of biochemical indices in the evaluation of inflammatory and reparative processes in renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 7232396 TI - [Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of ultraviolet deficiency in patients with nonpulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7232397 TI - [Rifampicin and ethambutol treatment experience in chronic destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7232398 TI - [Device for increasing the number of recorded parameters in rheographic studies]. PMID- 7232400 TI - The relative values of public health procedures. PMID- 7232401 TI - Autopsies in hospitals of the Chicago area. PMID- 7232399 TI - Our environmental noose. PMID- 7232402 TI - America's energy future: a national choice for the 80's. PMID- 7232403 TI - Catecholamine-mediated diuresis in turkeys. PMID- 7232405 TI - Sensitivity of mice to benzo(a)pyrene skin cancer following acclimation to cool and warm temperature. PMID- 7232404 TI - The effect of splenectomy on renal function in epinephrine-induced renal failure. PMID- 7232406 TI - Effects of vasopressin on carbohydrate metabolism in hepatocytes from dehydrated rats. PMID- 7232407 TI - Platelet blockade of particle absorption from the peritoneal surface of the diaphragm. PMID- 7232408 TI - Functional modifications of macrophage activity after sublethal whole-body irradiation. PMID- 7232409 TI - Effect of erythrocyte debris on reticuloendothelial function and susceptibility to experimental peritonitis. PMID- 7232410 TI - Effects of octanoic acidemia on palmitic acid metabolism in rat liver. PMID- 7232411 TI - The binding of cadmium metallothionein to isolated renal brush border membranes. PMID- 7232412 TI - Serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and TSH levels in iodine-deficient and iodine sufficient rats before and after exposure to cold. PMID- 7232413 TI - Effects of testosterone and 5 beta-androstanes on in vitro erythroid colony formation in mouse bone marrow. PMID- 7232414 TI - The effects of various methods of cervical stimulation on continuation of prolactin surges in rats. PMID- 7232415 TI - The development of Balb/c cells persistently infected with respiratory syncytial virus: presence of ribonucleoprotein on the cell surface. PMID- 7232416 TI - Evidence for an impairment in the conversion of methionine to cysteine in the selenium-deficient chick. PMID- 7232417 TI - Can androgens alone fully restore seminal vesicle epithelium? PMID- 7232418 TI - The role of gonadal steroids in arachidonate-induced mortality in mice. PMID- 7232420 TI - Adherence of bacteria to suture materials. PMID- 7232419 TI - The search for Fc receptors on human tissues and human endothelial cells in culture. PMID- 7232421 TI - Treatment of chemically-induced intestinal cancers with indomethacin. PMID- 7232422 TI - Urinary excretion of zinc and iron following acute injection of dead bacteria in dog. PMID- 7232423 TI - Identification and localization of toxic elements in normal human lung macrophages. PMID- 7232424 TI - A humoral sensitizing factor for norepinephrine in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 7232425 TI - Estrogen and progesterone affect electrically induced release of Luteinizing hormone and prolactin in macaques. PMID- 7232426 TI - Odd-numbered fatty acids in phosphatidyl choline versus phosphatidyl ethanolamine of vitamin B12-deprived rats. PMID- 7232427 TI - Heat-induced electrophoretic anomalies of red cell membrane nonsialoglycoproteins. PMID- 7232428 TI - Response of two strains of rats to a high-protein diet containing sucrose or cornstarch. PMID- 7232429 TI - Ovulation rates and embryo degeneracy in female mice fed the phytoestrogen coumestrol. PMID- 7232430 TI - Renal vasodilator responses to captopril in dogs pretreated with indomethacin. PMID- 7232431 TI - Decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis in vitamin A-deficient rats. PMID- 7232432 TI - The relationship of blood cadmium level to hypertension and plasma norepinephrine level: A Romanian study. PMID- 7232433 TI - Renal response to isotonic saline infusions into portal and jugular vein in sodium-loaded, conscious rats. PMID- 7232434 TI - Circadian rhythm of circulating aldosterone in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7232435 TI - Effect of hormonal status on renal ornithine decarboxylase activity. PMID- 7232436 TI - Cardiac output determination by thermodilution technique: the method of choice in low flow states. PMID- 7232437 TI - Effect of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection on the synthesis of rat liver plasma membranes. PMID- 7232438 TI - Effect of arginine vasotocin on luteinizing hormone and prolactin concentrations in serum of cattle. PMID- 7232439 TI - Cellular aspects of conduction in myelinated nerve fibers in relation to clinical deficit. PMID- 7232440 TI - Conduction velocity distributions. A population approach to electrophysiology of nerve. PMID- 7232441 TI - Nerve conduction velocity distributions: an iterative method using two compound action potentials recorded from the same site. PMID- 7232442 TI - Population response characteristics of fiber tracts in central white matter. PMID- 7232443 TI - Nerve fiber conduction velocity distributions: motor nerve studies using collision neurography. PMID- 7232444 TI - Comparison of three DCV techniques with "benchmark" performance of the same nerve. PMID- 7232445 TI - Single myelinated peripheral nerve fibers -- anatomic and electrophysiologic studies relevant to conduction velocity and fiber diameter histogram prediction from surface recorded potentials. PMID- 7232446 TI - Compound action potential reconstructions and predicted fiber diameter distributions. AB - Electrophysiologic and anatomic studies on cat saphenous nerve were combined with CAP modelling and computer analysis. Myelinated nerve FD histograms were compiled from transverse section photomicrographs using various estimates of diameter, primarily those based on fiber cross-section area. The FD histogram and biophysical parameters were more important in the CAP reconstruction model than the SFAP parameters. The biophysical parameters were optimized to obtain best fits between recorded and reconstructed CAPs. Finally, the inverse of the CAP reconstruction model was used to predict FD histograms from optimized biophysical parameters and recorded CAP waveforms under carefully controlled experimental conditions. The results of these studies provide an empirical basis for relating volume conducted CAPs to the anatomic and physiologic characteristics of nerve fiber bundles. More accurate histologic methods and procedures for estimating biophysical parameters are needed before this approach to the inverse problem can be pursued further. The major advantage of estimating FD distributions rather than CV distributions is that the anatomic data are truly independent reference standards for evaluating the results. PMID- 7232447 TI - Nerve conduction velocity distributions: a method assuming noisy estimates of the single fiber electrical response. PMID- 7232448 TI - Tissue specific differences of collagen. PMID- 7232449 TI - Chemical and immunohistologic characterization of collagenous components in the normal and diseased skin. PMID- 7232450 TI - Structure and organization of connective matrix in the liver: correlation between morphological and chemical data. PMID- 7232451 TI - Connective tissue components of the eye. PMID- 7232452 TI - Lipid oxidation. PMID- 7232453 TI - Lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of ruminant animals. PMID- 7232454 TI - Rapid acquisition of a two-drug discrimination: time of day effect upon saline state. AB - Rats were rapidly trained to discriminate between 0.8 mg/kd d-amphetamine and 6 mg/kg pentobarbital in a two-lever food-motivated operant task by imposing the drug states from the earliest stage of training, i.e., at the initiation of shaping to lever-press. Once trained, rats were administered each of the training drugs and were allowed to lever press without reinforcement until 10 responses were made on the lever that was not their first choice lever selection. By employing this extended schedule of responding in extinction, the amphetamine induced interoceptive cue was observed to produce equivalent perseverance as that produced by pentobarbital. However, the administration of saline, the non-drugged state, produced significantly more pentobarbital-appropriate responding than amphetamine-appropriate responding when tested during the daytime, whereas it produced random responding when tested during the night. The results suggest that the arousal state of the rat, a nocturnal species, may differentially influence saline tests in the daytime and in the night time. PMID- 7232455 TI - DOM and related 2,5-dimethoxy-4-alkylphenylisopropylamines: behavioral and serotonin receptor properties. AB - Using an isolated rat fundus preparation, the 4-methyl (DOM), ethyl (DOET), propyl (DOPR) butyl (DOBU), tertiary butyl (DOTB) and amyl (DOAM) derivatives of 2,5-dimethoxy-phenylisopropylamine (2,5-DMA) were found to possess quite similar serotonin receptor affinities (pA2 - 7.02-7.22). The fundus preparation could not be used to determine pD2 values because all of the compounds were found to interact in an agonistic manner both with serotonin and PRT (phenoxybenzamine resistant tryptamine) receptors. Administration of DOET, DOPR, DOBU, DOTB and DOAM to animals (rats) trained to discriminate 5-OMe DMT from saline resulted only in partial generalization. While each of these agents possesses a high 5-HT receptor affinity, and while their behavioral effects might, therefore, involve a serotonergic component, the stimulus properties of these compounds are qualitatively dissimilar to those produced by the training dose of 5-OMe DMT. PMID- 7232456 TI - Social crowding enhances aversiveness naloxone in rats. AB - If endorphins mediate various behavioural states including reactions to stress and social affect, then experimental manipulation of such states should alter the stimulus properties of opioid antagonists. The results of experiments in which the aversiveness of naloxone was increased by chronic environmental stress produced by rearing and maintaining male rats under conditions of severe social crowding, support this theoretical proposition. All rats acquired aversions to flavoured solutions that had been presented for 15 min immediately prior to a systemic injection of naloxone. The degree of the conditioned aversion was greater in rats maintained in crowded conditions. Transferring rats from crowded conditions to individual accommodation 3 weeks before the start of aversive conditioning did not attenuate the increased aversiveness of the antagonist. It is suggested that social interaction under conditions of chronic crowding induces a prolonged increase in the level of tonic activity in endorphinergic systems. PMID- 7232457 TI - Time dependent changes in anterograde scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. AB - These experiments studied the effect of scopolamine on memory formation and subsequent memory recall. Different groups of rats were trained on a Y-maze brightness discrimination task 20 min after IP injection of 2 mg/kg scopolamine HBr, an anticholinergic. Retention tests were then conducted 1 day or 2, 4, or 6 weeks after training. Deficits in retention performance were observed at 1 day and 2 weeks after training but not at the longer intervals. In addition, other rats were trained in the same manner and after the same dose of scopolamine but were then retention tested 20 min after 0.5 mg/kg physostigmine salicylate, a cholinesterase inhibitor. These subjects also showed deficits at 1 day and 2 weeks but were not different from controls at the longer intervals. Amnesia was not, however, produced after treatment with scopolamine methyl nitrate or by injections of scopolamine HBr administered immediately after training. These results suggest that scopolamine, present in the central nervous system during training or within the first few moments thereafter, modifies the formation of the memory trace in such a way that memory is not available for recall for a period of weeks. PMID- 7232458 TI - Morphine differentially affects ventral tegmental and substantia nigra brain reward thresholds. AB - In order to differentiate the roles of the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic mesocortical dopamine systems in the action of opiates on dopaminergically mediated intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), the effects of chronic morphine administration and acute naloxone administration on ICSS were tested in rats with electrode placements in the substantia nigra pars compacta (A-9) and the ventral tegmentum (A-10). Acute morphine (5.0 mg/kg SC) did not affect ICSS thresholds of rats with electrodes in the A-9 nucleus when tested 1, 3, 5, and 23 hours after administration. With repeated daily administration, though, these animals showed increases in thresholds which grew progressively larger with each day of morphine treatment. This threshold elevation was not reversed by naloxone given 0.5 hour after the final morphine treatment on the fifth day. In contrast, acute morphine significantly lowered self-stimulation thresholds in rats with A-10 placements. Tolerance to this facilitatory effect was evident with chronic administration. Naloxone attentuated the lowering of threshold caused by opiate administration in these A-10 animals. The present data suggest a specificity of action of opiates on different brain systems subserving reward and reinforcement. These findings also suggest that the mesolimbic-mesocortical system may play an important role in mediating the rewarding properties of morphine. PMID- 7232459 TI - Effect of diazepam on stress induced changes in brain histamine. AB - Acute treatment with diazepam (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) did not affect the basal histamine concentration in the hypothalamus, midbrain or in the cortex of the rat. The increase in the hypothalamic histamine level caused by 15 min of "platform stress" was significantly attenuated by diazepam (5 or 10 mg/kg) pretreatment, but the elevation induced by 15 min of air blasts remained unchanged. Diazepam significantly reduced the rise in plasma corticosterone concentration in response to air blast stress but did not affect the increase caused by "platform stress." Thus, in addition to the already known effects of diazepam on stress induced changes in other central neurotransmitters or neuromodulators, diazepam may also affect the hypothalamic histamine elevation induced by certain type of stress. PMID- 7232460 TI - Lack of specificity of an animal behavior model for hallucinogenic drug action. AB - It has been proposed recently that the occurrence of drug-induced limb-flicking (LF) and abortive grooming (AG) in cats can serve as a viable animal behavior model for the actions of hallucinogens in humans. If this is the case, such behaviors should occur reliably following the administration of drugs that produce hallucinations in humans and should not occur after administration of other, non-hallucinogenic drugs--a hypothesis that was examined in the present experiment. The frequency of LF and AG were observed in 12 cats which were given a wide range of doses of the potent hallucinogen, d-LSD (0.01-0.16 mg/kg), as well as several other compounds. The results showed that three non-hallucinogenic agents which are related to LSD in various ways, the ergot derivative lisuride, the serotonin agonist, quipazine, and the dopamine agonist, apomorphine, significantly increased LF frequency. Lisuride and quipazine also caused AG. Cocaine did not elicit either behavior. Thus, it was concluded that the proposed model cannot be regarded as specific to hallucinogenic drugs. In addition, the frequency of these behaviors, as well as their reliability and robustness, were shown to be party dependent on the environment in which observation occurs. PMID- 7232462 TI - Phenoxybenzamine and bromocriptine attenuate need for REM sleep in rats. AB - Phenoxybenzamine (10 mg/kg, IP), an alpha-adrenoreceptor blocker, and bromocriptine (5 mg/kg, IP), a dopamine receptor stimulant, were administered to rats while the animals were being deprived of REM sleep by selective REM sleep deprivation method. We have shown recently that alpha-adrenoreceptor blockers and bromocriptine when administered to rats after the animals had been deprived of REM sleep were able to abolish REM sleep rebound and thus attenuate the need for REM sleep. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether these agents might also have the capacity to attenuate the need for REM sleep when given to animals in a situation when the need for REM sleep is being generated, i.e. during REM sleep deprivation. Our results show that administration of phenoxybenzamine or bromocriptine to rats immediately before or during the period of REM sleep deprivation also abolished appearance of subsequent REM sleep rebound. This suggests that administration of the two pharmacological agents prevented the generation of REM sleep pressure by fulfilling the need for REM sleep. PMID- 7232461 TI - Human social conversation: effects of ethanol, secobarbital and chlorpromazine. AB - Effects of oral ethanol, secobarbital and chlorpromazine on human vocalization were studied in a dyadic social situation using repeated observations within subject pairs. Throat microphones and voice operated relays were used to measure quantitative aspects of vocalization (conversational speech) during daily experimental sessions. Ethanol (1-6 oz of 95-proof) and secobarbital (30-300 mg) produced dose-related increases in vocalization by the subject who received active drug, while vocalization by the partner who received placebo only was not generally altered systematically. Chlorpromazine (25-100 mg) produced dose related decreases in amount of vocalization by the subject and vocalization by partners tended to decrease as well on days when the subject received active drug. Selected scales from the Addiction Research Center Inventory were administered following social sessions to assess subjective drug effects. No consistent changes on ARCI scales were obtained after ethanol or secobarbital, while chlorpromazine produced dose-related increases on the PCAG scale. Overall, quantitative measures of vocalization in a social context provided a reliable and sensitive indicator of dose-related drug effects. PMID- 7232463 TI - Suppression of alcohol drinking with brain aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition. AB - Calcium cyanamide, an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibitor used in the treatment of alcoholism, strongly suppressed voluntary ethanol drinking by rats. Such inhibitors have generally been believed to act primarily by limiting drinking through acetaldehyde accumulation after ethanol consumption. Administration of a low dose of 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP) that abolished acetaldehyde accumulation did not, however, remove the suppression produced by cyanamide. 4-MP alone did not affect the unsuppressed alcohol intake by Long Evans rats or the drinking by rats of the ANA strain developed for low levels of ethanol consumption. When given from the start with cyanamide, 4-MP did affect the development of the suppression, but probably by its effect in lessening the degree of brain ALDH inhibition: a high correlation (r = +0.825, p less than 0.001) was found between brain ALDH activity and ethanol consumption. The results suggest that cyanamide suppresses alcohol drinking also in the absence of acetaldehyde accumulation probably by some action related to its direct inhibition of brain ALDH. PMID- 7232464 TI - Effect of cocaine and lidocaine on the expression of kindled seizures in the rat. PMID- 7232465 TI - Cocaine and seizure protection in mice of varying brain weights. AB - The effects of cocaine administration on seizure duration and proportion of animals that seized were examined in mice genetically selected for differential brain weight. In the two experiments reported, mice of the Fuller brain weight lines and of the Binghamton Heterogeneous stock were used. In Experiment 1, 21 day old male and female mice were administered either 0, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg of cocaine hydrochloride. Fifteen minutes after each mouse was injected, a transcorneal shock was administered to that animal. Type and duration of seizure were measured. Low brain weight mice were more susceptible to seizures and showed more severe seizures than the medium and high brain weight mice or the Heterogeneous stock. Cocaine hydrochloride provided a degree of protection against seizures in a dose dependent fashion, particularly in the medium brain weight and Heterogeneous stock mice. Experiment 2 examined whether repeated daily doses of cocaine (15-21 days of age) would alter the pattern of susceptibility described above. In this experiment mice were given either 0 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg of cocaine hydrochloride. At 21 days of age, 15 minutes after injection, mice were subjected to transcorneal shock and the subsequent nature and duration of seizures observed. Mice of the low brain weight line were again seen to have more seizures than those from the high brain weight line. Cocaine decreased the severity of transcorneal induced seizures. PMID- 7232466 TI - A microcomputer system for the control of behavioral experiments. AB - A self-contained microcomputer control system (MCS) is described for controlling and recording events from behavioral experiments using a low-cost microcomputer, the Rockwell AIM 65, and the BASIC language. Features of the system include a printer, alphanumeric display, 4K RAM, 8K BASIC on read only memory (ROM), a cassette interface, a power supply, and a control interface, all contained in a compact enclosure. The control interface allows for 16 inputs and 16 outputs, and includes a real-time clock and versatile machine language subroutines for controlling and recording real-time events. These features make BASIC a suitable user language for this application. The use of this microcomputer control system for operant research in behavioral pharmacology is described. PMID- 7232467 TI - Naloxone suppresses food/water consumption in the deprived cat. AB - Intraperitoneal administration of the opiate antagonist, naloxone hydrochloride, resulted in decreased food and water consumption in drug-naive cats. In a cross over Latin Square design, food consumed by six cats in a one hour period following 23 hours of deprivation, was decreased significantly below control (p less than 0.05) in linear relation to increasing dose (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) of naloxone. Non-linear and time/order effects were not significant. Water consumption was decreased below control in a linear relation to increasing dose (1 and 10 mg/kg) for 5 of 6 cats at the 0.05 significance level. Non-linear and time/order effects on water consumption were not statistically significant for the same 5 cats. These results, and behavioral signs (i.e., vomiting, persistant vocalization, heavy salivation, mydriasis, moderate catatonia, and hissing) occasionally exhibited by four of the six cats in a 1-hr period following injection of the high dose, suggest a malaise-effect of naloxone. PMID- 7232469 TI - Effects of chlorpromazine on escape and avoidance responses: a closer look. AB - While a wealth of evidence has implicated the nigrostriatal dopamine system in the initiation of movement, most or all of these movements have been in a conditioned avoidance framework, and on the order of 3-14 seconds in latency. It is proposed here that an elucidation of dopaminergic involvement in movement initiation requires a behavioral paradigm wherein experimental animals must rapidly and voluntarily respond to a stimulus to move (i.e., in less than 300 msec, paralleling human reaction time). Such a paradigm was developed and implemented in a re-analysis of earlier reports of chlorpromazine (CPZ) effects on escape from an avoidance of electric shock. Catecholaminergic or dopaminergic receptor blocking by CPZ resulted in clear impairment of the ability to initiate rapid avoidance movements, but in contrast to earlier work, some impairment of escape responses was also seen. Results are seen as further support for dopaminergic involvement in the initiation of voluntary movement. PMID- 7232468 TI - The effects of electric shock on responding maintained by cocaine in rhesus monkeys. AB - Under baseline conditions, responding was maintained by intravenous cocaine delivery (100 micrograms/kg/infusion) under a fixed ratio 10 schedule in three rhesus monkeys. During test sessions, the onset of each cocaine infusion was accompanied by a delivery of electric shock of pre-determined duration and intensity. At intermediate intensity levels, the electric shock delivery initially reduced cocaine maintained responding. Although test sessions were separated by at least three baseline sessions, adaptation to the punishing effect of shock occurred within five test sessions in each monkey. Adaptation did not occur at higher intensity levels which completely eliminated cocaine-maintained responding, even when this intensity was tested prior to intermediate intensity levels. PMID- 7232470 TI - activity and catch-up growth in hypothyroid rats. AB - Hypothyroidism was induced in 38-day old male rats by feeding the animals a chow diet supplemented with propylthiouracil (PTU, 0.1% by weight) for 43 days. Wheel activity of PTU animals was not significantly different from that of euthyroid, ad lib feeding controls it was significantly lower when compared to pairfed controls. Body weight was significantly lower than that of euthyroid ad lib controls. After 75 days of PTU discontinuation catch-up growth of PTU animals was not complete: body weight and tibia length were significantly lower in the PTU condition in comparison to euthyroid, ad lib feeding condition. However, no difference existed between the catch-up growth of PTU and pairfed animals. It was suggested that growth arrest observed in early hypothyroidism may be partly due to factors nonspecific to thyroxine absence, such as hypophagia. PMID- 7232471 TI - Long-term effects of early iron deficiency on consummatory behavior in the rat. AB - Two experiments were designed to investigate the effects of early iron deficiency on consummatory behavior in the adult rat. In experiment 1, animals were placed in a novel chamber, either with or without water available. Although there were no effects of iron deficiency per se, the data suggested that decreased caloric intake experienced early in life may have different long-term consequences for males and females. While ad lib control males, and females in all diet conditions, exhibited less elevation of plasma corticosterone when water was available in the novel chamber, calorically restricted males appeared unable to use the cues or reinforcement provided by consummatory behavior to reduce arousal. In Experiment 2, a conditioned taste aversion situation involving conflict, we were able to separate effects due to early iron deficiency from those due to early caloric restriction. When reexposed to milk, calorically restricted (weight control) males exhibited an attenuated plasma corticoid response, compared to that of ad lib control males, while weight control females resembled ad lib control females in their response. Thus, as in Experiment 1, early caloric restriction affected males more than females. Early iron deficiency, however, markedly altered pituitary-adrenal responsiveness in both males and females. Not only was the response to reexposure completely reversed in rehabilitated males and females, but also, the corticoid response to deprivation was increased in rehabilitated males and decreased in rehabilitated females. Taken together with previous data, these results suggest that early iron deficiency alters both behavioral and physiological arousal or responsiveness, and may do so differentially in males than females. PMID- 7232472 TI - In vivo effects of two novel alkylating benzodiazepines, irazepine and kenazepine. AB - Intracerebroventricular administration of the alkylating benzodiazepines irazepine or kenazepine (20 nmol) resulted in a complete protection against convulsant doses of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) for at least one hour, and a statistically significant protection for at least two and four hours, respectively. In contrast, administration of the non-alkylating parent benzodiazepine Ro-7/1986 or diazepam (20-60 nmol) resulted in no detectable anticonvulsants effects at fifteen minutes post-injection, the earliest interval examined. These results suggest that alkylating benzodiazepines which bind to brain benzodiazepine receptors in a non-competitive (covalent) fashion in vitro may exert a long lasting anticonvulsants effect by a similar mechanism. PMID- 7232473 TI - Opiate effects in the amygdala central nucleus on heart rate conditioning in rabbits. AB - Opiate agents were administered into the central nucleus of the amygdala complex of rabbits prior to either classical conditioning or pseudoconditioning of heart rate responding. Compared to control groups, opiate administration into the central nucleus did not significantly alter baseline heart rate, heart rate responding during habituation trials to presentations of the conditioned stimulus alone, or heart rate responding during the pseudoconditioning procedure. However, opiate administration altered the acquisition of a conditioned bradycardia response during classical conditioning trials in which the offset of the conditioned stimulus was coincident with the presentation of an aversive unconditioned stimulus. the opiate agonist levorphanol (5.0 nmole) significantly impaired the acquisition of the conditioned bradycardia response. This effect was observed to be stereospecific and blocked by concurrent administration of the opiate antagonist naloxone (2.5 nmole). Naloxone (2.5 nmole) administration alone significantly increased the magnitude of the conditioned bradycardia response. These effects produced by opiate administration into the central nucleus were not observed following administration of the same agents into sites 1-2 mm dorsal to the central nucleus. PMID- 7232474 TI - Sustained decrease in fat consumption produced by amphetamine in rats maintained on a dietary self-selection regime. AB - Total daily caloric intakes and dietary self-selection of the three macronutrients, protein, fat and carbohydrate, were examined in female rats following the administration of anorectic doses of d-amphetamine sulfate (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg body weight, IP). Animals had access to nutrients for a six hour period each day with food intakes measured two hours after food presentation and again at the end of the six-hour feeding period. Amphetamine injections led to similar dose-related decreases in caloric intakes in animals maintained on a standard laboratory diet (ground Purina Laboratory Chow) and those maintained on the dietary self-selection regime. Detailed examination of feeding patterns of animals given the self-selection regime revealed, however, that amphetamine had differential effects on the consumption of protein, fat and carbohydrate. At all three drug doses, protein and carbohydrate intakes were suppressed during the initial two-hour measurement period. Intakes of these two macronutrients returned to control values by the end of the six-hour feeding period. In contrast, fat intake was initially suppressed and remained suppressed throughout the entire six hour period following amphetamine administration. Comparison of the present results with those of previous experiments indicates that the selective effect of amphetamine on fat consumption is not a general effect of drugs which reduce caloric intake. PMID- 7232475 TI - Disruption of autoshaped responding to a single of brain-stimulation reward by neuroleptic drugs. AB - Repeated pairing of the onset of a stationary light (CS) that signalled electrical stimulation of brain-stimulation reward sites in the mesencephalon (US) resulted in autoshaped approach behavior to the CS. After acquisition of approach to the CS two groups of rats were injected with either pimozide (0.15, 0.50, or 1.0 mg/kg) or haloperidol (0.05, 0.10, or 0.15 mg/kg) prior to test sessions consisting of 30 CS-US pairings. Both neuroleptic drugs caused a significant dose-related attenuation of the autoshaped CS-approach. A within session analysis of responding after treatment with the high dose of each drug indicated that most responses occurred in the first 10 trials, a result that appears to rule out a direct effect of the drugs on sensory processes and orientation. The effect of repeated testing with pimozide (1.0 mg/kg) or haloperidol (0.15 mg/kg) was compared to three sessions with CS alone (extinction). Autoshaped CS-approaches declined gradually over the three extinction sessions, in contrast to the immediate and sustained disruption of approaching during the three drug sessions. These data suggest that neuroleptic induced suppression of autoshaped CS-approach with brain-stimulation reward cannot be attributed solely to a block of reward processes. It is suggested that neuroleptic drugs disrupt neural mechanisms by which signals of impending reward release pre-organized response patterns. PMID- 7232476 TI - Methadone reduces sexual performances and sexual motivation in the male Syrian golden hamster. AB - The debilitating effect of opiate drugs on sexual function has been known clinically for hundreds of years but has become a topic of experimental investigation only recently. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of the opiate drugs methadone and the opiate blocking drug naltrexone on the sexual behavior of male hamsters. Methadone, administered at dosages of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg, was found to cause a dose related decline in measures of both sexual performance and sexual motivation, with measures of sexual performance being the more sensitive to the drug. The debilitating effect of methadone was judged to be highly selective for sexual behavior since, for example, at 16 mg/kg of methadone, sexual behavior was eliminated but ambulatory activity was unaffected. Pretreatment with naltrexone blocked the effects of methadone and posttreatment reversed the effects, thereby indicating that the methadone was inhibiting sexual behavior by acting on specific opiate receptors. The results demonstrate that the male hamster is an excellent small animal model for use in studying the mechanisms of opiate induced sexual dysfunction and further support the hypothesis that the endogenous opiates may be involved in the regulation of sexual behavior. PMID- 7232477 TI - Naloxone suppresses feeding and drinking but not wheel running in rats. AB - The effects of naloxone hydrochloride on food and water intake and number of wheel revolutions were measured in male rats. The administration of 10 mg/kg naloxone but not 1 mg/kg suppressed the 3-hr food and water intake in nondeprived rats. Naloxone injections (1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) were ineffective in altering the number of wheel revolutions in nondeprived or food deprived rats. These results support the interpretation that the suppressive effects of naloxone previously reported with deprived rats are evident in nondeprived rats and are specific to feeding and drinking. PMID- 7232478 TI - An improved pneumatic syringe for self-administration of drugs by rats. PMID- 7232479 TI - Analgesia following intraventricular administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose. AB - The glucose analogue, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) elicits hyperphagic and analgesic responses in rats. The former response appears to be mediated by central processes since overeating is elicited following intraventricular administration of 2-DG at low (3.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) doses. The present study examined whether flinch-jump threshold would increase 30, 90 and 180 min following intraventricular injections of 2-DG at low (3.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) doses and compared these effects with systemically-applied 2-DG doses of 350 and 500 mg/kg. Intraventricular 2-DG administration increased jump thresholds for up to 180 min across all test doses. Flinch thresholds were also increased, but in a manner dissociated from jump thresholds. Animals with cannulae located near, but not in the lateral ventricle, displayed delayed analgesic effects. The magnitude of intraventricular 2-DG analgesia was not at potent as the 100-fold higher systemic injections. It appears that central mechanisms mediated intraventricular 2-DG analgesia at the low dose range since higher, systemic 2-DG doses have previously failed to increase flinch-jump thresholds. PMID- 7232481 TI - An in vitro study of the interaction between diazepam and some antacid or excipients. AB - The adsorption of diazepam on magnesium trisilicate, magnesium oxide, aluminium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, bismuth oxycarbonate bismuth subsalicylate, talc, dibasic calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, kaolin and charcoal was studied at 37 degrees C. With the exception of charcoal, magnesium trisilicate exhibited the highest adsorptive capacity for the drug. Talc and dibasic calcium phosphate had the lowest adsorptive power while the other materials tested had intermediate adsorption properties. In general, low elution values were obtained with both acidic and alkaline solutions. The presence of a specific interaction between diazepam and surface sites of the adsorbing materials was suggested. The Langmuir relationship was obeyed in case of bismuth oxycarbonate. The dissolution of the drug in absence and presence of magnesium trisilicate, which had a very high retention ability, was also studied. The antacid decreased obviously the dissolution of the tranquilizer. The implication of diazepam interaction with antacids and excipients on its bioavailability is to be further confirmed by in vivo testing. PMID- 7232480 TI - [On the production and the characterization of spray embeddings (author's transl)]. AB - Spray drying of phenobarbital-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), phenobarbital polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and digoxin-PVP solutions yielded embeddings in the form of very fine powders. Depending on the drug-adjuvant ratio, the form in which the drug was embedded in the indifferent carriers was microcrystalline to radio amorphous. In vitro studies showed that the dissolution of all the spray products was more rapid than that of the corresponding physical mixtures, and that the resulting solutions of the respective drugs were always oversaturated. The oversaturated solutions obtained from embeddings containing the amorphous forms of the difficulty soluble drugs were relatively stable. PVP inhibited the crystallization of phenobarbital to a greater extent than PVA, and led to a higher oversaturation of the drug in the resulting solutions. The in vitro release of digoxin was significantly more rapid from PVP embeddings (and tablets made from them) than from products containing digoxin in crystalline form. PMID- 7232482 TI - pH-dependence of catalytic constants of the enzyme reaction--some remarks. AB - The influence of the hydrogen ion concentration on catalytic constants (kcat, KM and kcat/KM) was investigated under steady-state conditions where all steps of the Scheme, are taken into the consideration. The relative value of the rate constants has an influence on pH dependence of catalytic constants. The pH of intersection points of the tangents at the portion of functions pKM, Ig kcat, lg kcat/KM = f(pH) with different slopes are the values of true pKa of catalytically important ionizable groups in the free enzyme or in the enzyme-substrate complex(es), when the conditions k'-1, k'1, k'2 = 0 are valid. If e.g. k'-1, k'1 not equal to 0 the pH of the intersection points of the tangents is sometimes not the true value of the pKa. In this connection it is possible that more than one intersection point exists (in the plot lg kcat, pKM or lg kcat/KM versus pH) when only one ionizing group in the active site of an enzyme is present. PMID- 7232483 TI - [On the kinetics of pethidine in the late state of pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - The kinetic of pethidine (Dolcontral) during late pregnancy was investigated by means of an open two-compartment-model. The results were compared with a control group of nonpregnant women. Some pharmakokinetic parameters were found changed during gravidity, especially the distribution (V1, Vdss, Cpo, delta'), the elimination half-life and the biological half-life (t 1/2; ke1, t 1/2; beta). There was no significant difference in urin excretion of pethidin and norpethidin between both groups. PMID- 7232484 TI - [On the behaviour of a one-component drug form during compression (author's transl)]. AB - Using the Instron TT-M universal testing machine, the authors studied the deformation behaviour of noramido-pyrine methanesulphonate sodium (Analgin), in the form of a substance of varying particle size as well as in the form of granules and of a tablet mixture, during compression (static test). The parameters for the evaluation of compressibility were determined by means of the deformation curve obtained by recording the distance of the counter die and the pressure at constant deformation rate. The stress relaxation at constant deformation was determined by recording the relaxation pressure as a function of time for three nominal stress values (4, 8 and 16 kN). The granulation and the composition of the adjuvants exert a favourable effect on the deformation and relaxation properties of Analgin-substance. They also cause a marked plastic behaviour of the tablet mixture, which is beneficial to tabletting. PMID- 7232485 TI - [On the inhibitory activity of Polemonium saponin against fungi (author's transl)]. AB - A saponin complex, isolated from the roots of Polemonium caeruleum L., the aglycones of which are triterpene esters, has been tested for antifungal properties. The blastomycetes Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrata proved to be very sensitive. PMID- 7232486 TI - [Problems of microbial contamination in pharmaceutical services (author's transl)]. AB - There are only few data about the microbial contents in the workrooms of pharmacies. Up to now, neither the kinds of bacteria and yeasts encountered, nor their resistance has been determined. The "personal hygiene of the staff' is studied on the example of their hands, towels and protective clothes. The kinds of bacteria found on surfaces used for pharmaceutical work are analysed. Proposals for limiting the germ content in the air are commented upon. Health measures are elaborated on the basis of the results from the present investigation. PMID- 7232487 TI - Spectrophotometric analysis for fluorouracil in biological fluids. AB - Fluorouracil (5-fluorouracil; 5-FU) is a monoanion at pH = 10 and forms an ion pair complex with a quaternary alkylammonium ion. De Leenheer and co-workers [2] reported that the ion-pair complexes might be quantitatively extracted from aqueous solutions into organic solvents, and they spectrophotometrically determined the concentration of 5-FU. But as their method used column chromatography, it was cumbersome and time-consuming. Here we present a more rapid chemical assay of 5-FU by modifying the principle of their method. The applicability of this method was shown by determining the plasma and tissue levels of 5-FU in mice. PMID- 7232488 TI - [Antimicrobial studies on diazachalcones and 2-pyrazoline derivatives]. PMID- 7232490 TI - PMR assay of nitrofurantoin in pharmaceutical formulations. PMID- 7232489 TI - Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of caffeine and ergotamine in tablets. PMID- 7232491 TI - Benzimidazoles as anthelmintics. PMID- 7232492 TI - Preparation and antitumour property of certain coumarins and psoralens. PMID- 7232493 TI - [On the calculation and the evaluation of combinations of active substances (author's transl)]. AB - A survey is given of publications on the calculation of the combined effects of bioactive substances and on the statistical analysis of the results from combination studies. The dose-response relationships for the two essential types of combination, the independent and the equivalent mode of action, are stated and explained by typical classes of dose-response equations. PMID- 7232494 TI - Some novel pyrazolone derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents. AB - Synthesis of three series of compounds namely; 4-(phenazon-4-ylazo)-1-substituted thiocarbamoyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolones (3-8), 4-(phenazon-4-ylazo)-1-substituted-3 methyl-5-pyrazolones (9-20) and 4-(phenazon-4-ylazo)-1-substituted-3,5 dimethylpyrazoles (21-31) was achieved. These compounds were subjected to anti inflammatory investigation and it was found that compounds 9 and 10 exhibited a remarkable anti-inflammatory activity, of which the former was the most potent. PMID- 7232495 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of thiocyanate in vegetable and animal foods and in human serum following paper chromatographic separation (author's transl)]. AB - Paper chromatographic separation of thiocyanate is the first step in determining non-bound thiocyanate in homogenized animal and vegetable foods and in human serum. The thiocyanate eluated from the paper chromatogram is brominated and then determined as cyanogen bromide using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron-capture detector. Interfering substances (mainly ethanol-unprecipitable protein components, amino acids and cyanide from glycosidic precursors) are eliminated by this procedure. PMID- 7232496 TI - [Studies on the reaction of plastics with drug solutions. Part 2: Nikethamide (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe the effects of nikethamide solutions of varying concentrations on natural-coloured and red-coloured low-density polyethylene. For this purpose, they analyse the findings from stress-crack studies performed by means of a test method previously described [6,7]. The results obtained lead to a new interpretation of pharmaceutical ageing under the given conditions. PMID- 7232497 TI - Viral chemotherapy: antiviral actions of metal ions and metal-chelating agents. PMID- 7232498 TI - Clinical pharmacology of viloxazine hydrochloride. AB - Plasma concentrations of viloxazine were determined in twenty depressed inpatients during 4 weeks of treatment with progressively increasing dosage. Viloxazine plasma levels varied markedly during the day, due to the short half life of the drug. Plasma levels rose to peak values after 7-10 days of treatment and then decreased, perhaps due to enzymatic induction by viloxazine. A negative linear correlation was found between the plasma concentration of viloxazine and its clinical effect, with the best clinical improvement in patients whose plasma concentration was 20-500 ng/ml at 7 a.m. Performance in psychomotor tests (visual reaction time and ring of Pierron was improved in many patients after treatment and was correlated with the plasma viloxazine level and the Hamilton Rating score. Assessment of viloxazine effects of electroencephalogram showed a decrease in EEG amplitude in the eight clinically improved patients. PMID- 7232499 TI - Clinical notes on the possible anticholinergic reversal of depressive syndromes. AB - The authors report on the effects of acute confusional states and deliria (pharmacogenic confusional syndromes - PCS), occurring under the influence of psychotropic drugs on the depressive syndrome of three patients. The favourable influence of PCS on the depressive syndrome is considered to be largely linked to the anticholinergic effect of the drugs. The observations made in these three patients may give support to the hypothesis that cholinergic activity has pathogenic significance in depressive syndromes. PMID- 7232500 TI - Recent developments concerning the AMDP System. AMDP Congress 1980. AB - A report is given about the meeting of the Association of Methodology and Documentation in Psychiatry (AMDP), which took place in Basle from October 9-11, 1980. The meeting was divided in two parts: 1. Training seminar in psychopathology. 2. Scientific session. The following points were discussed by study groups: - The use of the AMDP-systems in diagnostics - Development of a scale in the AMDP-system - Problems of graduation of symptoms - Assessment of intact areas of the personality - Documentation of neurotic features - General problems of the measurement of changes. The results of the study groups are presented, and the future tasks of the AMDP-groups are described. PMID- 7232501 TI - [Contribution to a discussion on the importance of the non-tricyclic antidepressives for the development of a theory of depression (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical and experimental research on antidepressive drugs during the 10 years which elapsed since Kuhn's first paper in 1957 centered mainly around the tricyclic compounds. This gave considerable support to the noradrenaline hypothesis of depression, although it did not furnish any definite proof. Since 1968, reports have been published on the antidepressive action of non-tricyclic compounds, stimulating the exploration of new theoretical avenues. The article discusses briefly the theoretical prerequisite of "emotional integration" as an important factor in depression and of the "double receptors" for parkinsonism, using the development of trazodone as an example. PMID- 7232502 TI - Inspiratory muscle function following abdominal weight exercises in healthy subjects. AB - Three indexes of inspiratory muscle function were evaluated in 20 healthy young adults before and after a six-week program of diaphragmatic breathing exercises. Thrice weekly, each subject performed 30 maximal voluntary diaphragmatic contractions in the supine position with a moderately heavy weight (range: 7-23 kg, or 15.4-50.7 lb) placed on the anterior abdominal wall to resist diaphragmatic descent. This protocol failed to improve 1) inspiratory capacity, 2) peak inspiratory flow rate, and 3) maximal pressures generated by the inspiratory muscles under static conditions. These finding indicated that this commonly used isotonic exercise regimen does not increase the maximal shortening, velocity of shortening, or strength of the diaphragm in healthy subjects. On the other hand, most subjects increased the maximal weight they found tolerable, performed the exercise more rapidly, and reported that their initial discomfort either waned or disappeared by the end of the program. These latter observations suggest that the exercise program might have improved inspiratory muscle endurance. PMID- 7232504 TI - Adrenal demedullation suppresses schedule-induced polydipsia in rats. PMID- 7232503 TI - Parapodium redesigned for sitting. AB - Clinical experience with the Toronto parapodium demonstrates it to have valuable functional use. Young children wearing the orthosis, however, do not participate in group activities requiring unaided sitting and standing. We have redesigned the hip and knee locks to make these maneuvers easier. This modification has allowed the young child to sit and stand without assistance and to develop greater confidence and independence at home and in the classroom. PMID- 7232505 TI - Prefrontal lesions and cutaneous responsiveness of cats: learned discrimination, delayed-response, orientation-localization, and transfer. PMID- 7232506 TI - Slow-movement sensitivity in the human field of vision. PMID- 7232507 TI - Nuchal muscle tonus during sleep, wakefulness and tonic immobility in the rabbit. PMID- 7232508 TI - The effect of the response-shock postponement interval on free operant avoidance by septal lesioned and normal rats. PMID- 7232509 TI - Computerized system for measurement of force exerted within each pedal revolution during cycling. PMID- 7232510 TI - Exercise-induced sucrose suppression in the rat. PMID- 7232511 TI - Receptivity, rejection and reactivity in female rats following kainic acid and electrolytic septal lesions. PMID- 7232512 TI - Effect of liver temperature increase on food intake. PMID- 7232513 TI - Behavioral patterns proceeding from liver thermoreceptors. PMID- 7232514 TI - Fractionation of phasic responses in a dishabituation paradigm. PMID- 7232515 TI - Satiation evoked by distension of the small intestine in water deprived rats. PMID- 7232516 TI - Sympatho-adrenal hyperreactivity to footshock stress but not to cold exposure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7232517 TI - Latency to turn ICSS off and on: on time is more sensitive than off time to frequency and current variations. PMID- 7232518 TI - Induction of maternal behavior in the virgin rat by lactating-rat brain extracts. PMID- 7232519 TI - The pituitary-adrenal response to "minimized" schedule-induced drinking. PMID- 7232520 TI - Role of the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle in effecting nictitating membrane movement in the rabbit. PMID- 7232521 TI - Lateralized asymmetrical state-dependent learning produced by kindled convulsions from the rat hippocampus. PMID- 7232522 TI - Estradiol treatment and precopulatory behavior in ovariectomized female rats. PMID- 7232523 TI - Handling-induced changes in plasma volume and osmolality: adrenal modulation of blood parameters. PMID- 7232524 TI - Metabolic Correlates of the effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on meal size and post meal satiety in rats. PMID- 7232525 TI - Reproduction and thermoregulation in peromyscus: effects of chronic short days. PMID- 7232526 TI - Variety in a meal enhances food intake in man. PMID- 7232527 TI - Accelerated extinction after post-trial halothane anaesthesia in rats: an aversive effect. PMID- 7232528 TI - [The theta rhythm during ps as cerebral maturational index: study in rat and guinea pig (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232529 TI - Temporal boundary of the sensitive period for hormonal organization of social play in juvenile rats. PMID- 7232530 TI - REM sleep deprivation and food competition in male rats. PMID- 7232531 TI - Midbrain reticular formation involvement in the inhibition of acoustic startle. PMID- 7232532 TI - Midbrain reticular formation damage and the ontogeny of ingestive and sensorimotor behaviors. PMID- 7232533 TI - Short-term endogenous hyperprolactinaemia and sexual behavior of male rats. PMID- 7232534 TI - Effects of selective vagotomies on knife cut-induced hypothalamic obesity: differential results on lab chow vs high-fat diets. PMID- 7232535 TI - Selective stimulation of intrapulpal nerve of rat lower incisor using a bipolar electrode method. PMID- 7232536 TI - Discriminated lever press avoidance conditioning in male and female rats. PMID- 7232537 TI - A rugged and simple commutator for the electrical stimulation of the brain of unrestrained animals. PMID- 7232538 TI - Deficits in passive avoidance and fear behavior following bilateral and unilateral amygdala lesions in mice. PMID- 7232539 TI - A technique for long term recording from single neurons in unrestrained behaving animals. PMID- 7232540 TI - A simple and adjustable restraining apparatus for mice. PMID- 7232541 TI - Schedule-induced polydipsia in aged rats. PMID- 7232542 TI - Effects of dorsolateral tegmental lesions on amphetamine- and lithium-induced taste aversions. PMID- 7232543 TI - The role of the physiotherapist in a psychiatric hospital. PMID- 7232544 TI - Setting up a physiotherapy service in a psychiatric hospital. A district physiotherapist's point of view. PMID- 7232546 TI - Benesh Movement Notation. An introduction to recording clinical data. Part 4: Recording movements across the midline and repeat signs. PMID- 7232545 TI - The physiotherapist in functional psychiatry. PMID- 7232547 TI - Valepotriates, a new class of cytotoxic and antitumor agents. PMID- 7232548 TI - Hypotensive principle of Laminaria and allied seaweeds. PMID- 7232549 TI - [Antihemolytic effect of xylitol isolated from the bark of Carica papaya]. PMID- 7232550 TI - Pharmacological and chemical investigation of thyme liquid extracts. PMID- 7232551 TI - Phototoxic furanoquinolines of the Rutaceae. PMID- 7232552 TI - Bruceolides from Filjian Brucea javanica. PMID- 7232553 TI - [A new antiphlogistic principle from Sabal serrulata, I (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232554 TI - Antifertility investigations on embelin -- an oral contraceptive of plant origin. Part I -- Biological properties. PMID- 7232555 TI - Toxicity of methanol extract of Lasiosiphon kraussianus root. PMID- 7232556 TI - Antifertility effects of chronically administered Malvaviscus conzattii flower extract on male albino mice. PMID- 7232557 TI - Mechanism of the hypotensive effect of tetramethylpyrazine, an amide alkaloid from the stem of Jatropha podagrica. PMID- 7232558 TI - Effects of Cannabis sativa extract on testicular function of Presbytis entellus entellus. PMID- 7232559 TI - Effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on isolated aortic strip preparations obtained from untreated and reserpine treated rabbits. PMID- 7232560 TI - Computerized tomography and B-scan ultrasonography in the diagnosis of fractures of the medial orbital wall. AB - Ultrasound and CT scans have been used to examine 12 patients with suspected medial orbital wall fractures. A good correlation between ultrasound and CT scanning was demonstrated, and the authors believe that either investigation is a suitable alternative to conventional radiology when this type of injury is suspected. PMID- 7232561 TI - A poly(HEMA) sponge for restoration of articular cartilage defects. AB - The properties of poly(HEMA) sponges have been studied after implantation in the weight-bearing articular surfaces of young and adult rabbit knees. Only sponges with small pores (less than 50 micrometer) were able to withstand weight-bearing. After 12 weeks, the implants were overgrown by cartilaginous or fibrocartilaginous tissue, and the ingrowth of chondroid tissue into the sponges was observed. PMID- 7232563 TI - The central mound technique for reduction mammaplasty. AB - The principle of this technique is the draping of medial and lateral skin flaps around a central breast mound. Nipple-areola viability does not depend on a dermal pedicle, but on the parenchymal circulation. The resection of breast tissue is primarily inferior. Contour is determined by the amount of medial and lateral resection. This design reduces the tendency for postoperative ptosis and superior nipple-areola tilt. Operating time and raw surface area are reduced. Therefore, postoperative morbidity is lower. PMID- 7232562 TI - Ultrastructure of elastosis in facial rhytidectomy skin. AB - Skin from 19 facial rhytidectomies performed in patients with chronic solar damage was compared with postauricular skin from patients of similar age. Light microscopy demonstrated large areas of amorphous material that stained PAS positive in all 19 face-lift specimens, while none of the controls had such material. Electron microscopy of the "elastotic" material revealed large amorphous masses of granular material, with loss of the microfilament component of normal elastin. Current theories suggest that the elastotic material in solar damaged skin is a product of radiation-damaged fibroblasts, rather than being either collagen or degenerated elastin. Such knowledge may help the plastic surgeons encourage rhytidectomy patients to protect themselves from solar radiation. PMID- 7232564 TI - Breast reconstruction following mastectomy: a comparison of submuscular and subcutaneous techniques. AB - An analysis of the benefits of submuscular versus subcutaneous implantation was made on mastectomy patients. Ninety-one breast were reconstructed following mastectomy. In 30 breasts, the implants were placed subcutaneously; in 19, subpectorally, and in 42, beneath both the pectoralis and the serratus. The follow-up averaged 2 to 3 years, and recent cases included postoperative tonometry measurements to quantitate the degree of capsular contraction. In addition, 12 cadaver dissections were done to delineate muscle insertion and origins. Results indicate that (1) submuscular implants are clearly superior to subcutaneous ones; (2) subpectoral implantation requires complete detachment of the muscular origin from the ribs; (3) subserratus implantation provides extra muscular coverage, but dissection is more difficult owing to its firm rib attachment; and (4) the subserratus technique provided the lowest incidence of capsular contracture, although the breast was slightly flatter initially, but improved with time. PMID- 7232565 TI - Individualized muscle coverage of implants in breast reconstruction. PMID- 7232566 TI - Flaps nourished by arterial inflow through the venous system: an experimental investigation. AB - Using the abdominal skin flap of rats, we showed that the arterial inflow through the venous system nourished the distal part of a flap and also worked as a pedicle of an island flap and a free flap. The position of the arteriovenous anastomosis and the draining vein seems important. This study implies that delay produces arterial inflow as a consequence. PMID- 7232567 TI - Experimental evidence for involvement of prostaglandins in viability and acute skin flaps: effects on viability and mode of action. AB - Treatment with prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors alone or combined with exogenous PGE2 significantly (p less than 0.05) increased skin viability in acute island skin flaps. Increased cutaneous blood flow was observed 15 minutes after skin flap construction in rats injected with ibuprofen (5 mg/kg) intraarterially before surgery compared with that in control rats. It is hypothesized, therefore, that prostaglandins may influence skin viability and the microcirculatory level. PMID- 7232568 TI - Changes in plastic surgery in 36 years. PMID- 7232569 TI - An "urgent" reduction mammaplasty. PMID- 7232570 TI - Congenital midline nasal muscle with associated nasal deformity. AB - A case is presented of a congenital nasal deformity consisting of a midline nasal muscle, alar cartilage defect, and partially obstructed nostril. The embryology of nasal development is reviewed, and an attempt is made to explain this unique anomaly. PMID- 7232571 TI - Familial lymphedema praecox: Meige's disease. AB - Familial lymphedema should be classified in two categories depending on onset. Milroy's disease, or congenital hereditary lymphedema, is present from birth, painless, without tendency to ulcerate, and may have cholestasis or intestinal lymphangiectasia associated with it. Meige's disease, hereditary lymphedema praecox, is lymphedema with onset in the first or second decade, often presenting with inflammation, and may have a number of associated related anomalies including distichiasis, extradural cysts, vertebral anomalies, cerebrovascular malformation, yellow nails, and sensorineural hearing loss. Both types follow an autosomal dominant pattern. This paper presents a family of 39 persons in 5 generations with 13 affected persons having Meige's disease. The importance of recognizing this type of familial lymphedema is discussed. PMID- 7232572 TI - Reconstruction of the lower eyelid defect in Treacher Collins syndrome. AB - A procedure to reconstruct the coloboma of the lower lid and to reposition the lateral canthus in the Treacher Collins deformity is presented. A composite upper lid flap forms the basis of the method. The results are satisfactory on long-term follow-up. PMID- 7232573 TI - A direct approach to the more severely deformed cleft lip nose. AB - Extending the external incision onto the external aspect of the cleft lip nose directly exposes the tip cartilages, which can then be completely elevated, repositioned, and reshaped. The expanded skin allows redraping to the desired contour. PMID- 7232574 TI - A procedure for stabilization of the infraorbital rim in comminuted malar complex fractures. AB - A procedure to stabilize comminuted or unstable infraorbital fractures has been presented. This procedure can be of value in those situations in which direct interosseous wiring does not stabilize the fracture or where overlapping is present. PMID- 7232575 TI - Anterior mediastinal tracheostomy with a pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap. AB - We suggest the pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap is a simple and reliable technique in constructing a mediastinal tracheostomy. It has the advantage of excellent vascularity and reliability even in those patients who have undergone preoperative radiation therapy. In addition, a well-vascularized lobe of thyroid tissue placed over the pharyngogastric anastomosis may decrease anastomotic leaks. PMID- 7232577 TI - Recurrent basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7232576 TI - Development and use of a living skin equivalent. AB - We have developed a living skin equivalent, which serves as a skin substitute in experimental animals. On application it is rapidly vascularized, it inhibits wound contraction, and it is immunologically tolerated and persists for as long as it is allowed to remain in place. It comes to resemble normal skin, although it lacks secondary derivatives, the cells for which may in time be available for incorporation into the fabricated tissue. PMID- 7232578 TI - A histological study of the lower tarsus and the significance in the surgical management of a involutional (senile) entropion. AB - The dimension of the lower tarsus diminishes with aging. Changes in the number and size of the meibomian glands and in the character of intermingling fibroconnective tissues are thought to be responsible. Furthermore, such alterations of the structural integrity play an important role in the pathogenesis of entropion encountered commonly in the elderly. We have advocated the use of an autogenous cartilage graft harvested from the ear to correct the deformity, especially in instances where the conventional methods of correction have failed. PMID- 7232579 TI - A study of regeneration in parietal bone defects in rabbits. AB - A study was undertaken to study the regeneration potential of surgically created parietal bone defects in newborn and fully grown rabbits. The results indicated that regeneration is greater in the newborn rabbits, especially if the periosteum and dura are preserved. PMID- 7232580 TI - The use of cartilage grafts in primary aesthetic rhinoplasty. AB - Our experience with the use of cartilage grafts in 430 primary rhinoplasties is presented. We find grafts indicated when operating on small noses with thick skin to increase and define the dorsum, to add projection and angularity to the tip, to project the columella, and to correct the acute nasolabial angle. The procedure is technically simple and relatively free of complications. Long-term evaluations show no absorption of the grafts and preservation of the desired shape. PMID- 7232581 TI - Medial approximation of the platysma muscle in the treatment of neck deformities. AB - The platysma muscle has become recognized as a key to the correction of deformities of the neck. We believe that the decussation of the medial fibers of the platysma muscle is critical to the support of the submental region and is a factor in the pleasing angle between the neck and the chin. The approximation of the medial borders of the platysma has been described in combination with other direct approaches to the anterior neck or with aggressive repositioning or flaps of the platysma. We have achieved pleasing results in the treatment of neck deformities in a variety of clinical situations by medial approximation of the platysma through a short submental incision without other manipulations of the platysma and without complications in 45 patients. All have been followed for more than 1 year. PMID- 7232582 TI - Regrowth of platysma following platysma cervical lift: etiology and methodology of prevention. AB - Platysma regrowth after platysma cervical lift is a new complication. We postulate that the platysma reestablishes itself by hypertrophy of muscle fibers contained in its posterior SMAS sheath as well as by muscle regrowth along the posterior sheath. We now routinely cut both platysma and posterior sheath. We also recommend excision of anterior platysma not connected to the posterior sheath. Closure of platysma should be from the mentum to the upper thyroid cartilage utilizing nonabsorbable sutures. PMID- 7232583 TI - Chin advancement as an aid in correction of deformities of the mental and submental regions. AB - Six patients are presented demonstrating various uses of chin advancement (horizontal osteotomy of the mandibular symphysis and sliding advancement) for correction of mental and submental deformities. With preservation of muscular attachment to the posterior border of the advanced mandibular fragment, the author feels that there is an anterior pull on the cervical musculature that may complement the posterior pull of platysmal plication. The technique of chin advancement is described in detail and offers more versatility than the use of alloplastic chin implants. The author advocates the use of this direct osseous approach for purely aesthetic reasons as well as in the correction of maxillofacial and craniofacial malformations. PMID- 7232584 TI - The latissimus dorsi muscle: a fresh cadaver study of the primary neurovascular pedicle. AB - The primary neurovascular pedicle of the latissimus dorsi muscle was studied in 50 fresh cadaver dissections and pertinent dimensions and anatomic relations was recorded. Some findings applicable to clinical reconstructive surgery are: 1. Vascular pedicle of 11 cm mean length (subscapular-thoracodorsal artery and vein). 2. Consistent T-shaped relationship among subscapular artery, thoracodorsal artery, circumflex scapular artery, and serratus arterial branch(es). 3. Large serratus anterior branch(es) from the thoracodorsal artery (1.1 mm mean diameter). 4. Consistent posterior location of neurovascular hilus at muscle junction. 5. Bifurcation of neurovascular structures at the hilus into superior and lateral intramuscular bundles (86 percent of dissections), making various surgical options with the latissimus dorsi skin-muscle flap possible. 6. Lengthy thoracodorsal nerve (12.3 cm mean length). 7. Low incidence of atherosclerosis in the subscapular artery (8 percent) and no significant atherosclerosis seen in the thoracodorsal artery. PMID- 7232585 TI - The intramuscular neurovascular anatomy of the latissimus dorsi muscle: the basis for splitting the flap. AB - This study identifies and describes a consistent proximal branching of the neurovascular supply to the latissimus dorsi muscle. This anatomical feature makes possible splitting the muscle and overlying cutaneous territory into independent branched musculocutaneous units. A parallel study of neurovascular anatomy in dogs suggests that this animal is an appropriate model for testing and developing clinical applications of the split latissimus dorsi flap. PMID- 7232586 TI - Two-stage correction of tuberous breasts. AB - Two-stage correction of tuberous breasts is illustrated and probably indicated to attain a more aesthetically pleasing result in this unusual deformity. Routine augmentation mammaplasty corrects the base defects of vertical and horizontal contraction treating an appropriately placed breast mound. However, ptosis of the nipple-areola complex becomes obvious, and correction with creation of a new skin brassiere is necessary. Merely telescoping the breast tissue into the nipple areola complex has not always produced a satisfactory long-lasting result. Subsequently, a true ptosis procedure on that breast deformity after augmentation mammaplasty has yielded the most aesthetically pleasing long-term results. PMID- 7232587 TI - The pneumatic tourniquet: a biomechanical and electrophysiological study. AB - The pneumatic tourniquet is used routinely in extremity surgery, not only to prevent unnecessary blood loss, but also to increase the safety of the operative procedure. The mechanical part of this study shows that the system can fail in either of two major ways, each causing serious problems. The tourniquet may be inadequate if the pressure delivered to the cuff is not accurately displayed on the gauge or if the pre-set pressure is not maintained for the duration of the operative procedure. In our hospital, three of seven tourniquets (43%) in daily use showed significant errors in this regard. The electrophysiological part of this study indicates that nerve conduction does not necessarily return to preoperative levels immediately postoperatively, and that the conduction block is generally at the level of the cuff. Our observations confirm those of others and implicate both direct pressure as well as ischemia as the cause of the problem. PMID- 7232588 TI - A silent but lethal injury associated with facial trauma. AB - Without a careful evaluation of all patients with major facial injuries and a thorough search for possible associated injuries, traumatic transection of the aorta may be easily missed, if the patient survives the first 24 hours after injury. Any patient subjected to sudden deceleration injury, particularly following automobile or motorcycle accidents, should be evaluated carefully for traumatic aortic rupture. Patients with associated chest trauma should have chest x-rays in the emergency room, and repeat chest films several hours later should be obtained to identify subsequent development of a widening mediastinum. Proper management of possible aortic transection should include arteriograms when appropriate and prompt surgical intervention when indicated. All patients with major injuries should be thoroughly evaluated by a trauma team so that associated injuries may be quickly recognized and treated. PMID- 7232589 TI - The management of a child with a major airway abnormality. AB - A technique of guided blind intubation is reported utilizing a small-bore needle and guide wire passed transtracheally. The advantage of this technique is that because of the minimal trauma involved, it can be used in small infants as well as adults. PMID- 7232590 TI - Surgical tape. PMID- 7232591 TI - Complications of closed capsulotomy after augmentation. PMID- 7232592 TI - Recurrent basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7232593 TI - Red striae after augmentation. PMID- 7232594 TI - [Role of the unconscious in the attitude of students toward mathematics]. PMID- 7232596 TI - [A form of family therapy: the parent's group. Results of 6-years' functioning of an open group of parents anorexia nervosa adolescents]. PMID- 7232597 TI - [The 9-year-old child. Epidemiological study]. PMID- 7232595 TI - [The glider. Postural kinetic behavior during the pre-locomotor period in infants]. AB - Soaring movements-in an opisthotonic posture-which appear between 3 and 10 months when the infant is in a prone position, have been observed with cinematographic recordings. This is a postural and kinetic activity which takes place during the first year's development; i is a transitional stage leading to intentional propulsive movements. This activity may become a repetitive one for some children, especially between 4 and 7 months; at this peak period, it takes on an unusual aspect, not only because of the "aerial" attitude but also because of the rhythmicity of the postural changes which characterize it. This behavior has been studied in its evolutionary forms, its individual characteristics, and its emotional expressions. Hovering movements are localized in the neuro psychological evolution of the infant (tonico-postural evolution, acquisition of balance in a prone position, alternating postures, propulsive movements). The conditions which set off and quieten this activity explain the dynamics of its functioning between movements to which the baby is submitted and deliberate ones, between constraint and pleasure. PMID- 7232598 TI - [Erythrocyte catechol methyltransferase activity in endogenous depressive syndromes]. PMID- 7232599 TI - [Blood platelet MAO activity in endogenous depressive syndrome]. PMID- 7232600 TI - [Plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in endogenous depressive syndromes]. PMID- 7232601 TI - [Use of our model of rehabilitation in chronic schizophrenia]. PMID- 7232602 TI - [Emotional disorders and psychopathological reactions caused by stressful situations, and their role in the pathogenesis of various allergic diseases]. PMID- 7232604 TI - [Concept of "information metabolism"]. PMID- 7232603 TI - [Follow-up studies on dyslexia and dysorthography]. PMID- 7232605 TI - [Case of hyperostosis frontalis interna with a typical symptoms]. PMID- 7232607 TI - Mutual influence in expressive behavior: adult--adult and infant--adult dyadic interaction. PMID- 7232606 TI - [A typical pattern of disorientation symptoms in the course of subdural hematoma]. PMID- 7232608 TI - Backward conditioning: a reevaluation of the empirical evidence. PMID- 7232609 TI - Visual search and number of stimuli reexamined. PMID- 7232610 TI - Asymmetry of cerebral hemispheric function in normal and poor readers. PMID- 7232612 TI - Sensory capacities of marine mammals. PMID- 7232611 TI - Lateral brain function, emotion, and conceptualization. PMID- 7232613 TI - Primary waking suggestibility and classical conditioning of word meaning. PMID- 7232614 TI - Effect of therapists self-disclosure on patients' impressions of empathy, competence, and trust in an analogue of a psychotherapeutic interaction. PMID- 7232616 TI - Psychophysiological aspects of migraine headaches. PMID- 7232615 TI - Non-deterrent effect of executions of homicide rates. PMID- 7232617 TI - Mobile children: an American tragedy? PMID- 7232618 TI - Phobias and preparedness: instructional reversal of electrodermalconditioning to fear-relevant stimuli. PMID- 7232619 TI - On the distinction between illogical and irrational beliefs and their relationship to anxiety. PMID- 7232620 TI - Intercorrelations among scale scores of the personal orientation inventory for nursing students. PMID- 7232621 TI - Adolescents' anxiety and intolerance of ambiguity scores as predictors of dropping-out of a study. PMID- 7232622 TI - Analysis of relationships among hypnotic susceptibility, personality type, and vividness of mental imagery. PMID- 7232623 TI - Autonomous mode of systematic dilemma counseling. PMID- 7232624 TI - Expressions of hostility in mild depression. PMID- 7232626 TI - Psychological factors in postmastectomy adjustment. PMID- 7232625 TI - Multiple psychiatric competency examinations in borough of the Bronx. PMID- 7232627 TI - Relationship between stability of cognition and stability of depressive mood. PMID- 7232628 TI - Nonspecific factors in drug effects: placebo personality. PMID- 7232629 TI - Psychotherapeutic outcome for children in a community mental health center: psychological, demographic, and treatment predictors. PMID- 7232630 TI - Stress and androgyny: a preliminary study. PMID- 7232631 TI - Nail-biting and manifest anxiety of adults. PMID- 7232632 TI - Relationship between death anxiety and components of the self-actualization process. PMID- 7232633 TI - Biofeedback and psychotherapeutic treatment of psoriasis: a brief report. PMID- 7232634 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase in an aged general population and elderly chronic schizophrenics [[proceedings]. PMID- 7232635 TI - Effects of phenelzine and amitriptyline on depression [proceedings]. PMID- 7232636 TI - Hyperactives as young adults: past and current antisocial behavior (stealing, drug abuse) and moral development [proceedings]. PMID- 7232637 TI - Plasma levels of chlorpromazine and clinical response [proceedings]. PMID- 7232638 TI - The effects of a drug holiday on relapse and tardive dyskinesia in chronic schizophrenics [proceedings]. PMID- 7232639 TI - Effects of gradual decrease and discontinuation of neuroleptics on clinical condition and tardive dyskinesia [proceedings]. PMID- 7232640 TI - Long-term changes in AIMS ratings and their relation to medication history [proceedings]. PMID- 7232641 TI - Analysis of single, double-blind procedures, maintenance of placebo effects, and drug-induced dyskinesia with mentally retarded persons--a brief report [proceedings]. PMID- 7232642 TI - Effects of lithium carbonate and haloperidol on cognition in aggressive, hospitalized school age children [proceedings]. PMID- 7232643 TI - Molindone Hydrochloride in the treatment of aggressive, hospitalized children [proceedings]. PMID- 7232644 TI - The effects of lecithin on memory in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type [proceedings]. PMID- 7232645 TI - A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of piracetam in elderly psychiatric patients [proceedings]. PMID- 7232646 TI - The therapeutic profile of mianserin in mild elderly depressives [proceedings]. PMID- 7232647 TI - Predictors of adolescent height and weight in hyperkinetic boys treated with methylphenidate [proceedings]. PMID- 7232648 TI - Public judgments on the importance of valium information [proceedings]. PMID- 7232649 TI - Evaluation of a training program in using the research diagnostic criteria [proceedings]. PMID- 7232650 TI - Prophylactic lithium with and without imipramine for bipolar I patients: a double blind study [proceedings]. PMID- 7232651 TI - Changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine and its metabolites in neuropsychiatric disorders [proceedings]. PMID- 7232653 TI - Use of currently available data sources to assess drug scheduling [proceedings]. PMID- 7232652 TI - Natural and therapeutic environmental indicators of maintenance dosage requirements [proceedings]. PMID- 7232654 TI - Evaluation of drug efficacy in dementia: a computerized cognitive assessment system. PMID- 7232655 TI - Guidelines for scheduling drugs under the controlled substances act [proceedings]. PMID- 7232656 TI - Discussion of presentation by Dr. Kartzinel [proceedings]. PMID- 7232657 TI - Animal models of tardive dyskinesia [proceedings]. PMID- 7232658 TI - Dopaminergic and GABAergic aspects of tardive dyskinesia [proceedings]. PMID- 7232659 TI - Supersensitivity to the behavioral effects of opiate antagonists [proceedings]. PMID- 7232660 TI - Diagnostic assessments and relationships of outcome [proceedings]. PMID- 7232661 TI - Behavioral aspects and relationships to outcome [proceedings]. PMID- 7232662 TI - Vasopressin function in depression and mania [proceedings]. PMID- 7232663 TI - The pharmacological treatment of schizoaffective disorder-depressed: a review of the literature [proceedings]. PMID- 7232664 TI - Genetic nature of schizoaffective disorder [proceedings]. PMID- 7232665 TI - Clinical pharmacology of mixed agonist-antagonist drugs [proceedings]. PMID- 7232666 TI - Plasma and CSF MHPG in normals [proceedings]. PMID- 7232667 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test in the identification subtypes of depression differentially responsive to antidepressants [proceedings]. PMID- 7232668 TI - Possible pathophysiological mechanisms in subtypes of unipolar depressive disorders based on differences in urinary MHPG levels [proceedings]. PMID- 7232669 TI - Repeated antidepressant treatments induce a long-lasting dopamine autoreceptor subsensitivity: is daily treatment necessary for clinical efficacy? [proceedings]. PMID- 7232670 TI - DSM-III differential diagnosis in the elderly [proceedings]. PMID- 7232671 TI - Psychiatric symptoms in the elderly [proceedings]. PMID- 7232672 TI - The relationship between psychiatric assessments and cognitive test measures in mild to moderately cognitively impaired elderly [proceedings]. PMID- 7232673 TI - Group therapy with chronic pain patients. PMID- 7232674 TI - Psychiatric recruitment: why they like us, but don't join us. PMID- 7232676 TI - The written interview in hysterical mutism. PMID- 7232675 TI - Schizophrenia-like illness following head injury. PMID- 7232677 TI - Major data systems of the National Center for Health Statistics. PMID- 7232678 TI - International activities of the National Center for Health Statistics. PMID- 7232679 TI - New ventures in health statistics. PMID- 7232680 TI - Issues in developing routine data sources for health planning. PMID- 7232681 TI - National Survey of Personal Health Practices and Consequences: background, conceptual issues, and selected findings. PMID- 7232682 TI - The varied uses of health statistics. PMID- 7232683 TI - The challenge to health statistics in the eighties. PMID- 7232684 TI - Child maltreatment and the use of social services. AB - A secondary analysis of 100 cases histories selected from social service records in a county department of social services (DSS) was conducted to examine the amount and kind of social services that persons identified as having maltreated a child received. Other objectives of the analysis were to observe the pattern of social service utilization over time and to discover what, if any, factors were associated with receiving social services. To accomplish these study objectives, two groups were selected for analysis: a target group of 50 families that had been reported to the county DSS for child maltreatment and a group of 50 families that had never been so reported. Both groups were composed mainly of young and socioeconomically deprived families that were characterized by poor incomes, little education, and low occupational levels. Analyses revealed significant differences in the amount and type of social services used by families in the target group and the comparison group. Although family structure was found to be related to the total amount of social service utilization, the degree of social disorganization within the family did not correlate with utilization. The study results indicate that the level of social services that protective service clients need and the level that they are actually getting should be re-examined. PMID- 7232685 TI - Leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and pomona: causes of infections in dairy cows and humans in Florida. AB - Leptospirosis was diagnosed in 11 milkers on 3 dairy farms in a Florida county. Serologic test results identified Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo as the infecting organism in milkers and cows on one farm, and hardjo was isolated from two cows. On the second farm, serovars hardjo and pomona were implicated serologically in the cows and milkers, and pomona was isolated from two milkers. On the third farm, hardjo infection was identified by serologic tests in one milker, and hardjo was isolated from another.This was the first isolation of hardjo from a human being reported in the United States. Leptospiral infection is an occupational hazard for dairy milkers in some areas of the United States. Thus, the authors recommend that preventive measures should be taken. These measures should include boots and other protective clothing and protection from urine spray for the eyes and nose. PMID- 7232686 TI - Medical utilization patterns of Hispanic migrant farmworkers in Wisconsin. AB - In a survey conducted in 1978 of a 10 percent stratified random sample of Wisconsin migrant agricultural workers, the self-perceived health status and the medical utilization patterns of the Hispanic workers in the sample (92 percent of the total group) were examined.Based on prior research with national populations, it was hypothesized that older, female, better educated, and English-speaking workers would have higher utilization levels. Utilization was measured by four variables: a physician or clinic visit in the preceding year and ever having had a general physical examination, a dental visit, or a vision checkup.The survey results, based on unverified self-reported data, indicated that in general the use by migrant workers of health services, especially preventive care, was low compared with other populations. Some of the hypotheses that were tested were confirmed by the survey data: older workers were more likely to have visited a physician in the preceding year and to have had a routine physical examination; women were more likely to have seen a physician in the preceding year and to have had a dental visit; workers who spoke English as well as Spanish (usually the younger workers) were more likely to have been to a dentist and to have had a vision checkup. Educational attainment was not related to any of the utilization measures.Besides the demographic factors related to medical utilization, the survey revealed barriers to care related to time, distance, language, and money. Access to a migrant health clinic and the availability of Medicaid were related to dentist visits and vision checkups. Thirty-eight percent of the migrants had used migrant health clinics; only 14 percent had used Medicaid to pay medical bills; about one in five had no means of payment except his or her own funds. PMID- 7232687 TI - Measles outbreak in Rhode Island. PMID- 7232689 TI - Research epidemiology as a growth industry at the National Institute on Aging. PMID- 7232688 TI - Current status of rheumatic fever control programs in the United States. AB - A study was undertaken to assess the current status of rheumatic fever control programs administered by State health agencies. Questionnaires, sent to 29 State health departments that had been identified previously as having rheumatic fever control programs, were completed by 27. Only 11 (61 percent) of the 18 States with a registry in 1977, or 41 percent of those replying, indicated that the registry was operational in 1980. A lack of adequate funds was cited by all States as a reason for discontinuing the program. Half of the States that closed down their registries related this to loss of funds previously provided by Section 314D funds (Public Law 95-626). Two-thirds of the replying States indicated, however, that they still provided prophylactic antibiotics for secondary rheumatic fever prophylaxis, free or at a reduced cost.Previous studies have indicated that rheumatic fever registries operated by State health departments in-accurately reflect the actual incidence and epidemiology of this sequel of group A streptococcal infections. Since a decreasing incidence of the disease, as reported to registries, was a primary reason for discontinuing the registries, the author concludes that a potentially effective public health program in preventive medicine can be discontinued for inadequately documented reasons. PMID- 7232690 TI - The nature of "consumer health" as a public health concept. PMID- 7232691 TI - Survey of family planning services provided to teenagers in five public health projects. PMID- 7232692 TI - Registration is not informed consent: the swine flu program revisited. PMID- 7232693 TI - Divorce, child custody and the family: formulated by the Committee on the Family Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry. PMID- 7232694 TI - Nucleosomes structure and its dynamic transitions. PMID- 7232695 TI - The radiation reduction in misonidazole. PMID- 7232696 TI - The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer and cytotoxic agent, misonidazole, in C3H mice. PMID- 7232697 TI - Microwave radiation effects on cardiac muscle cells in vitro. PMID- 7232698 TI - Combinations of radiation and misonidazole in a murine lung tumor model. PMID- 7232700 TI - The continuous assessment of X-ray tubes and generators. PMID- 7232699 TI - Developments in radiotherapy and are they really necessary? PMID- 7232701 TI - Coronary angiography in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7232702 TI - A retraining programme in radiography. PMID- 7232703 TI - [Malignant otorhinolaryngologic lymphomas]. PMID- 7232704 TI - [A method for respiratory correction of hepatoszintigrams (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232705 TI - [Abstracts of the 17th Symposium of the Nuclear Medicine Section of the Society for Radiological Medicine of the Democratic Republic of Germany]. PMID- 7232706 TI - [Comparative analysis of the results of radiotherapy in locally wide-spread laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 7232707 TI - [Bone-marrow hematopoiesis in the irradiated area with combined chemo- and radiation therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232708 TI - [Side effects and complications after irradiation therapy of malignant kidney tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232709 TI - [On the therapy of mamma carcinoma of C3H mice by means of thymic factor, measles vaccine and L-dopa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232710 TI - [comparative radiologic and scintigraphic examinations of radiation pneumonitis in 60Co-telegammatherapy of breast cancer patients]. PMID- 7232712 TI - [Autoradiography study of cell multiplication of Ehrlich ascites tumour following impulse laser irradiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232711 TI - [Dose dependence of the activity of several enzymes and liver glycogen in the radiation therapy of stomach cancers]. PMID- 7232713 TI - [Selective angiography of the external carotid artery and branches (author's transl)]. AB - Selective angiography of the external carotid artery and superselective angiography of single branches can be used for demonstration of blood supply of dural tumors, tumors of the skull, skull base and of facial parts of the skull. Especially malformations of vessels and their blood supply can be shown. Improvements in x-ray technique and apparatus enable movement angiography, which can be very helpful for the diagnosis of special changes. In special kinds of headache influences from outside to the external carotid artery, to the maxillary artery, to the ascending pharyngeal artery, to the posterior auricular artery, to the occipital artery and the meningeal branches can be of higher importance than was assumed before. Selective angiographies of the external carotid artery and radiographic investigations of the anatomical situation are giving the basis for planning of embolisations. For diagnosis of intra- and extra-cranial changes the neuroradiologist is the connecting person between all specialists for skull and brain. PMID- 7232714 TI - [Interventional neuroradiology. II. Vertebro-spinal embolisations (author's transl)]. AB - The technique, diagnostic results and significance as well as limitations of selective spinal angiography differential diagnosis of vertebro-spinal tumors and vascular malformations are described. By this angiographic examination, important preoperative information of exact size, extent and localisation of the neoplasms, the vascular supply and their topographical relation to the anterior spinal artery can be obtained. In spinal vascular malformations is the best method. Arterial embolisation of vascularised tumors or haemangiomas can be indicated to reduce the risk of intraoperative bleeding. But also without subsequent surgery, it may be performed in vertebral haemangiomas as curative or in malignancies as palliative treatment for compression of the spinal cord or of spinal nerve roots, as demonstrated by some examples. PMID- 7232715 TI - [The role of CT in the diagnosis of cerebral vein thrombosis (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebral vein thrombosis is a rare condition and its prognosis depends on prompt diagnosis and therapy. Computer Tomography findings in this condition are described and correlated with their pathologic-anatomic findings, based on cases of our own and those described in the literature. Computer Tomography findings rarely are pathognomonic. Therefore, indirect findings are pointed out and discussed which support the diagnosis such as simultaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 7232716 TI - [Cerebrovascular malformations occult in angiography (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebral angiography still remains the method of choice for the evaluation of cerebral vascular malformations--even in this day and age of CT. In rare cases, however, these conditions can be missed by angiography, whereas CT can provide important though not pathognomonic clues, with a definite diagnosis possible only by surgical exploration. PMID- 7232717 TI - [Conventional and computed angiotomography in cerebral aneurysms and angiomas (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebral angiography and angiotomography (AT) remain the best methods of demonstrating intracranial vascular malformations. However, based on direct and indirect signs, cranial CT, particular computed angiotomography (CAT), may non invasively provide valuable preliminary information permitting to tailor the conventional-radiographic methods to the individual problem. In the presence of multiple aneurysms CAT helps to identify the one that caused the hemorrhage. In our material CAT gave direct evidence of an aneurysm in 8 of 11 cases. Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were shown directly in all cases. PMID- 7232718 TI - [ROC-analysis in testing and training the interpretation of radiographs with mammography serving as an example (author's transl)]. AB - ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curves taken from the results obtained in evaluating the performance of ten different viewers with different experience in the interpretation of 120 xeromammograms and 120 conventional film mammograms each, serve as a basis to discuss the value of ROC-analysis in evaluating and improving the interpretation skill of individuals reading radiographs. PMID- 7232719 TI - Percutaneous skeletal biopsy 1981: a procedure for radiologists--results, review, and recommendations. AB - A retrospective study of 169 percutaneous skeletal biopsies performed by radiologists at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology and Barnes Hospital between October 1974 and July 1980 showed an overall accuracy of 94%; a negative result had a predictive value of 92%. A review of the English-language literature revealed that nearly 10,000 aspiration or trephine musculoskeletal biopsies have been reported during the past 50 years; historical accuracy is approximately 80%, but this figure is probably an underestimate because true-negative cases may not have been well documented or tabulated. The authors believe that percutaneous skeletal biopsy should be considered a radiological procedure, and that radiologists could and should perform this procedure as part of a team effort. PMID- 7232720 TI - Thickening of the posterior wall of the bronchus intermedius. A sign on lateral radiographs of congestive heart failure, lymph node enlargement, and neoplastic infiltration. AB - The posterior wall of the bronchus intermedius (PWBI) is outlined on most lateral chest radiographs by air in the lumen and in adjacent lung. In a prospective review over a 19-month interval, the authors found 36 patients whose PWBI was thick, defined as thickness greater than the normal upper limit of 3.0 mm (33 patients) or as increase of 1.5 mm in thickness compared with control radiographs (three patients). Uniform thickening was found in 23 patients as a sign of congestive heart failure. Nine subjects with neoplastic thickening of the PWBI demonstrated either uniform (six patients) or lobulated (three patients) enlargement. Two patients with sarcoidosis showed lobulated thickening of the PWBI. Inspection of lateral chest radiographs for thickening of the PWBI may be helpful in establishing bronchial involvement by edema, neoplasm, or enlarged lymph nodes. PMID- 7232721 TI - Radiographic manifestations of plaque in New Mexico, 1975-1980. A review of 42 proved cases. AB - The radiographic findings in 42 proved cases of plague are examined. There was a high association between bilateral alveolar infiltrates and secondary pneumonic plague; however, these findings were not completely specific, as they were also seen in some patients who had disseminated intravascular coagulation or shock lung, In an endemic area and in the proper clinical setting, any patient with bilateral alveolar infiltrates should be considered to have secondary pneumonic plague until proved otherwise. PMID- 7232723 TI - Renal vein thrombosis: occurrence in membranous glomerulonephropathy and lupus nephritis. AB - Renal vein thrombosis developed in 11 of 280 patients having either biopsy-proved membranous glomerulonephropathy or systemic lupus erythematosus with nephritis. All 11 also were found to have nephrotic syndrome. In nine, nephrotic syndrome developed before renal vein thrombosis; the diagnoses of nephrotic syndrome and renal vein thrombosis were made simultaneously in the other two. Ten of the 11 patients also had pulmonary emboli at or near the time of renal vein thrombosis. PMID- 7232722 TI - Rounded atelectasis and its association with asbestos-induced pleural disease. AB - Rounded atelectasis (RA) is an unusual form of peripheral lobar collapse which may present as a juxtapleural mass simulating a pulmonary neoplasm. Seven cases of RA were recently encountered in patients with asbestos-induced pleural disease. Since asbestos exposure is associated with mesothelioma, bronchogenic carcinoma, and other tumors, differentiation of RA from these neoplasms is essential in avoiding unnecessary thoracotomy. The radiographic features of RA are sufficiently characteristic, so that in the presence of chronic pleural thickening due to asbestos exposure, the diagnosis can be made with assurance and further work-up avoided. PMID- 7232724 TI - Radiographic projections for the diagnosis of arthritis of the hands and wrists. AB - One hundred consecutive sets of radiographs with the hands halfway supinated (Norgaard's view) were reviewed retrospectively without knowledge of the clinical diagnosis to determine the value of this view for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Indistinct cortex at specific sites, reported to be a sensitive indicator of rheumatoid arthritis, was seen in 81% of rheumatoid patients: however, it was not specific for rheumatoid arthritis, being present in both inflammatory and noninflammatory arthritides. These changes are apparently due to variations in cortical morphology and are not true erosions. Definite erosions, which were more specific for inflammatory arthritis, were seen at the same sites; however, erosions could be identified on postero-anterior radiographs in 14 of the 16 cases in which they were seen on the Norgaard views. PMID- 7232726 TI - Renal displacement caused by a supradiaphragmatic, paraspinal Ewing-like sarcoma and simulating an adrenal mass. AB - Two cases of children with paravertebral soft-tissue masses that histologically resembled Ewing sarcoma of bone are reported. In both cases the mass was located immediately above the diaphragm. It depressed the posterior segment of the diaphragm and indirectly caused displacement of the ipsilateral kidney, thus simulating an adrenal mass on excretory urography. The anatomic reasons for this phenomenon and the main features of the tumor are discussed. PMID- 7232727 TI - Meningeal collateralization to normal cerebral vessels associated with intracerebral arteriovenous malformations: functional angiographic considerations. AB - External carotid arteries can provide collateral supply to anatomically normal brain tissue, made functionally ischemic by proximal vascular occlusion, or by fistulous shunting of blood through an arteriovenous malformation. The occlusion of such a meningeal collateral at angiography in a case of arteriovenous malformation demonstrated the delicate balances and rapid shifts in flow which may occur in such lesions. Selective injections of contrast materials into external carotid arteries are essential for the investigation of intracerebral arteriovenous malformations, particularly in patients undergoing evaluation for intravascular embolotherapy. PMID- 7232725 TI - Sternal depression simulating mediastinal emphysema in neonates with respiratory distress. AB - Frontal radiographs of two neonates with respiratory distress showed areas of hyperlucency, seemingly caused by abnormal mediastinal collections of air. However, lateral radiographs or direct inspection established that deep sternal depressions caused the hyperlucencies. PMID- 7232728 TI - Craniofacial mucormycosis: computed tomographic and angiographic findings in two cases. AB - Two cases of craniofacial mucormycosis are presented, stressing computed tomographic (CT) and angiographic findings. In the first case, successful embolization of a sphenopalatine artery pseudoaneurysm is shown. The second case demonstrates CT findings of ethmoidal sinus and frontal lobe inflammatory change. Ophthalmic artery occlusion is show. Obstructive venous changes within the orbit and cavernous sinus are displayed by means of orbital venography. PMID- 7232729 TI - Computed tomography in obstructive jaundice. Part I: The level of obstruction. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) scans of 67 cases of obstructive jaundice were analyzed to determine the value of CT in detecting the level of obstruction. The cases were divided into four groups by anatomical segments, according to the number of visualized hypodense ringlike structures produced by the dilated bile duct, as seen in axial sections made 1 cm apart. Gallbladder size, dilatation of intrahepatic biliary radicals and the pancreatic duct, visualization of tumor masses, and condition of the bile duct below the obstruction were other variables used to determine the level of obstruction. The overall accuracy of CT in determining the exact level has been 97%. The most reliable indicator is the number of rings, which has excellent correlation with the results of direct cholangiography. The diagnostic value of all other variables is limited to specific cases. PMID- 7232730 TI - Computed tomography in obstructive jaundice. Part II: The cause of obstruction. AB - The value of computed tomography (CT) in determining the cause of obstructive jaundice in 67 proved cases is described. The presence of stones, the level of obstruction, the relative size of the ringlike structures produced by the dilated bile duct, and the shape of the distal visualized ring have proved to be the most important variables. The retrospective analysis determined the correct cause in 94% of the cases. CT fulfills all goals considered important in obstructive jaundice and eliminates the need for invasive procedures in many cases. PMID- 7232731 TI - A prospective study of computed tomography, ultrasound, and gallium imaging in patients with fever. AB - Computed tomography, ultrasound, and 67Ga-citrate imaging were analyzed prospectively in patients thought to have a focal source of sepsis. They were divided into three groups: (a) postoperative, fever greater than or equal to 38.3 degrees C; (b) fever greater than or equal to 38.3 degrees C for less than four weeks, unrelated to surgery; and (c) any fever present for more than four weeks. ROC curves showed no significant difference in the ability of the three modalities to differentiate focal from nonfocal sources of sepsis. If any two examinations were used and either study was abnormal, the sensitivity increased from about 60% to nearly 90% while the false-positive rate increased from about 15% to 25%. When focal disease was diagnosed only if two examinations were abnormal, the false-positive ratio dropped to nearly zero but the sensitivity fell to below 40%. The authors concluded tha all three modalities have a similar ability to detect sepsis and that sensitivity can be increased by using any two of them. PMID- 7232732 TI - Computed tomography for follow-up of chronic aortic dissections. AB - Patients who have chronic dissections of the aorta are prone to re-dissection, extension of dissection, aortic aneurysm, and aortic rupture. Computed tomography (CT) with contrast enhancement provides a convenient, noninvasive method for follow-up of these patients. We used CT in a group of twelve patients who were treated for aortic dissection. CT demonstrated re-dissection, aneurysmal dilation of the aorta, and delayed filling of the false lumen. CT also showed persistent patency of the false lumen in almost all of the postoperative cases. PMID- 7232733 TI - Computed tomographic demonstration of internal mammary lymph-node metastasis in patients with locally recurrent breast carcinoma. AB - Internal mammary lymphadenopathy was demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) in 18 patients with biopsy-proved, locally recurrent breast carcinoma. The additional information provided by CT prompted alterations in the proposed radiation treatment portals in 7 of the 18 patients. The CT demonstration of internal mammary lymphadenopathy is outlined and compared with the findings obtained on routine chest radiography. PMID- 7232734 TI - The accuracy of high resolution, real-time ultrasonography of the head in infancy. AB - A technique for imaging the infant head is described, which uses commercially available, high resolution, real-time ultrasonography. Serial scans are obtained in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Normal anatomic structures such as ventricles, cerebral peduncles, pons, cerebellum, sulci, gyri, choroid plexus, falx cerebri, and tentorium cerebelli can be demonstrated. From May through December 1979, over 200 examinations were performed on 136 patients younger than two years; 42 cases were normal and 94 abnormal, with hydrocephalus of various etiologies the most common abnormality. Developmental anomalies such as Dandy Walker cyst, intraventricular and intracerebral hemorrhage, subdural hematomas, arachnoid cysts, and tumors were demonstrated. Correlation by clinical follow-up, computed tomography, or pathologic examination was available on 94 patients; correlation was excellent. The resolution approaches that possible with an articulated-arm, digital B-scanner. PMID- 7232735 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and its complications. AB - High resolution, real-time ultrasound scans were obtained through the anterior fontanelle to examine the intracranial anatomy of 100 neonates. Of 43 patients with abnormalities, 26 had intracranial hemorrhage (subependymal, intraventricular, or cerebral). Of the 51 patients also studied by CT, the sensitivity of ultrasound in detecting hemorrhage was 96% and the specificity 94%. This ultrasound technique was also very useful for detecting complications such as porencephalic and subependymal cysts, ventricular septations, and hydrocephalus. In normal premature neonates (25 to 35 weeks gestation) the lateral ventricles appear as slit-like structures on the coronal scan. The midline-lateral dimension of normal lateral ventricles was 8.6 mm (range 7-11 mm) and the depth of 1.9 mm (range 1-3 mm). Follow-up scans in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage show that in mild hydrocephalus, the lateral ventricle becomes rounded rather than slit-like. This change occurs before the midline-lateral dimension of the ventricle increases. PMID- 7232736 TI - Real-time ultrasonography of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage and comparison with computed tomography. AB - Thirty-three low-birth-weight neonates were diagnosed prospectively as having an intraventricular hemorrhage, using a real-time sonographic sector scanner. Ultrasound findings were corroborated in 27 patients by computed tomography (CT) or autopsy. Intraventricular blood is hyperechoic and, in a fresh hemorrhage, a continuous cast-like pattern of increased echogenicity replaces the usually minute, echo-free lateral ventricles. After one to three days, the lateral ventricles begin to enlarge around the echogenic clot if hydrocephalus complicates the hemorrhage. The sonographic findings indicating intraventricular hemorrhage and its progression to hydrocephalus are presented. The accuracy of sonographic real-time sector scanning in the evaluation of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage is discussed and compared to CT. PMID- 7232737 TI - Ultrasound mammography: a comparison with radiographic mammography. AB - The results of 1,029 ultrasound B-scan examinations of the breast using two automated water-path scanners were correlated with histopathology data in 278 patients who had undergone biopsy. Of the 1,029 patients, a subgroup of 709 patients had both ultrasound mammograms (USM) and radiographic mammograms (XRM) obtained. A sensitivity for breast cancer of 69% was found for USM and 74% for XRM on initial independent readings when there was no knowledge of clinical data. These are not statistically different using the McNemar test for paired comparisons. When the USM were reinterpreted with the knowledge of the patient's age, history, physical examination, and, when available, the XRM interpretation, the USM sensitivity for breast cancer was 79%. PMID- 7232738 TI - Effect of crossover exposure on radiographic image quality of screen-film systems. AB - Modulation transfer functions (MTFs), Wiener spectra, and H & D curves of conventional and anticrossover screen-film systems were measured in an evaluation of the potential clinical use of anticrossover systems. The relative speed of anticrossover (3M) systems was reduced by 40%, compared with conventional (Kodak OG) systems. The anticrossover system improved both resolution and noise properties of screen-film systems (55% improvement of MTF at 2 cycles/mm and 40% reduction of radiographic mottle at low spatial frequencies) in a way that a combination of slow, sharp screens with conventional film may not accomplish, even when the speeds of different systems are matched. Detail visibility, in phantom images and radiographs of the hand, was considerably enhanced with anticrossover film compared with that of conventional film. PMID- 7232739 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the vertebral arteries. AB - Dilatation of stenosis at the origin of the vertebral artery, using a Gruntzig balloon catheter, was attempted in 5 selected patients and was successful in 4. Two patients had isolated vertebral artery disease without significant carotid occlusive disease, while the other 3 also had ulcerated carotid plaques. All patients had classical vertebral basilar insufficiency and were being considered for reconstructive surgery; however, dilatation alleviated the symptoms and made surgery unnecessary. No complications were encountered. At 1-18 months, all patients remain free of symptoms. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is a feasible means of treating stenosis of the origin of the vertebral artery in carefully selected cases. PMID- 7232740 TI - A new scintigraphic technique for assessment of right atrial function. AB - Gated radionuclide imaging with 99mTc-labeled red blood cells was employed to assess changes in right atrial (RA) volume in 17 subjects. Studies were repeated within two hours in five of 12 normal subjects and at two and ten days after infarction in five patients. Time-activity curves were generated for the RA and right ventricle (RV) from variable regions of interest defined by automatic edge detection. The RA time-activity curve exhibited four phases: filling, early emptying, equilibration, and late emptying. Repeated measurements of RA early emptying rates correlated closely in normals (r = 0.93). Early RA emptying and RV filling rates corresponded closely (r = 0.89). In four patients with infarction, the RA emptying rate was slowed on the first study but had normalized by 10 days. In a patient with inferior infarction and suspected RV infarction, the RA emptying rate was depressed and remained so for 10 days. Thus, relative changes in right atrial volume can be assessed reproducibly by a radionuclide technique, which is relatively independent of geometric assumptions. This technique offers great promise as a method to assess atrial function in health and disease. PMID- 7232742 TI - The effect of cimetidine on blood clearance, gastric uptake, and secretion of 99mTc-pertechnetate in dogs. AB - The effect of cimetidine, an H2-receptor blocking agent, on the secretion of 99mTc-pertechnetate was studied in 11 dogs. In cimetidine-treated animals, there was increased retention of 99mTc-pertechnetate by the gastric wall as compared with the untreated animals. The results indicate the potential use of cimetidine for enhanced visualization of Meckel's diverticulum, Barrett's esophagus, and the stomach, with 99mTc-pertechnetate. PMID- 7232741 TI - Percutaneous antegrade extrusion of ureteral stones. AB - A technique to extrude small obstructing ureteral stones with a catheter through a percutaneous nephrostomy tract is described. The technique was successfully used to extrude obstructing ureteral stones in three patients who had ileal loop urinary diversions and who were poor operative risks, and in one patient who had had no previous urinary tract surgery. In these four patients, ureteral stones were dislodged and removed without complication. The technique may have advantages over previously described techniques, particularly in patients with ileal conduits in whom established retrograde cystoscopic techniques are difficult to perform, and in patients who are poor operative risks. PMID- 7232743 TI - The role of sonography and the radiologist-ultrasonologist in the detection and follow-up of intracranial hemorrhage in the preterm neonate. AB - Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), specifically hemorrhage in the subependymal germinal matrix, is a common disorder affecting preterm neonates. The authors discuss the relative virtues and limitations of portable, real-time ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) in detection and follow-up of sequelae of this disorder. The importance of cooperative effort on the part of the radiologist-ultrasonologist, neonatologist, pediatric neurologist, neurosurgeon and ultrasound technologist is emphasized. PMID- 7232744 TI - Double-contrast esophagrams. The prone technique. AB - The authors describe a simple method for obtaining double-contrast images of the lower esophagus with the patient in a prone position. This technique has a high success rate, allows repeated imaging, and is easily incorporated into routine upper gastrointestinal studies. Diagnostic double-contrast studies were obtained in 78% of 28 patients. Ten abnormalities, including a Mallory-Weiss tear, were demonstrated. Single-contrast esophagrams, performed immediately afterwards, demonstrated only six abnormalities. PMID- 7232745 TI - Routine air-contrast esophagography during upper gastrointestinal examinations. PMID- 7232746 TI - The insufflated barium-meal technique. A new approach to the radiological examination of the upper digestive tract. PMID- 7232748 TI - Anterior approach for biliary duct drainage. PMID- 7232747 TI - A new fine needle for translumbar aortography. PMID- 7232749 TI - Single-puncture method for percutaneous transhepatic portography using a thin needle. PMID- 7232750 TI - Percutaneous insertion of an endoprosthesis in obstructive jaundice. PMID- 7232751 TI - Percutaneous needle biopsy of long-bone lesions facilitated by the use of a hand drill. PMID- 7232752 TI - A sterile radiation shield for fixed imaging and C- or U-arm cinefluorographic systems. PMID- 7232753 TI - Computed tomography of absent left pericardium. PMID- 7232754 TI - Indications for pacemaker insertion: types and modes of pacing. PMID- 7232755 TI - The present status of programmable pacemakers. PMID- 7232756 TI - Power pulse generators, electrodes, and longevity. PMID- 7232757 TI - Techniques of implantation: atrial and ventricular, thoracotomy and transvenous. PMID- 7232758 TI - Studies on the maternal-infant transmission of the hepatitis B virus and HBV infection within families. PMID- 7232759 TI - Large-scale production of hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 7232760 TI - Active immunization against hepatitis B in an area of high endemicity. Part I: Field design. PMID- 7232762 TI - Selection of mouse cells producing hepatitis B surface antigen after transformation with cloned viral DNA. PMID- 7232761 TI - Active immunization against hepatitis B in an area of high endemicity. Part II: Prevention of early infection of the child. PMID- 7232763 TI - The effect of prostaglandins A2,E1,E2,15 methyl E2, 16, 16 dimethyl E2 and F2 alpha on erythropoiesis. AB - Prostaglandins A2, E1, E2, methylated E2s, and F2 alpha affected erythropoiesis and/or erythropoietin (Ep) production. This action is indicated in the exhypoxic, polycythemic mouse where radioiron incorporations into RBC increased after administration of these compounds. The kidney and liver have been indicated through previous studies, to actively participate in Ep production. The kidney and liver have been indicated through previous studies, to actively participate in Ep production. By the removal of one of these active sites in a murine system treated with prostaglandins it is shown that a response is reflected in Ep levels. Interference of the action of prostaglandins (PG) is altered by the removal of these target sites of Ep production. The erythropoietic responses elicited by PGA2, E1, and perhaps the methylated PGE2s act through the liver whereas PGE2 may operate through a renal pathway for its response. PGF2 alpha reveals no effect on erythropoietic activity and is no different than that observed for vehicle-treated controls. The prostaglandins tested appear to act primarily through the kidney or liver but the possibility exists that some yet undetermined organ site may also be involved. PMID- 7232764 TI - Mechanism of protection against arachidonate induced sudden death by glucocorticoid. AB - Dexamethasone at a dose of 6 mg.kg-1 given to rabbits for three days prior to challenge with sodium arachidonate (2 mg.kg-1) intravenously, improved survival from 0% to 90% (p less than 0.01). Dexamethasone, given for shorter periods prior to arachidonate injection resulted in survival rates from 17% to 40%. In dexamethasone (3 days) treated rabbits, plasma thromboxane B2 concentrations were only increased by 30% compared with increases of 950% in untreated rabbits (p less than 0.001). Dexamethasone treated rabbits did not exhibit pulmonary thrombosis as did untreated rabbits given arachidonate. However, platelet rich plasma from both control and treated rabbits was aggregated by 0.2 mM arachidonate in vitro. The mechanism of the protective effect of dexamethasone appears to be related to induction of enzymes or stimulation of clearance of injected arachidonic acid, since steroid treated rabbits cleared labeled arachidonic acid more rapidly than untreated rabbits. PMID- 7232765 TI - The effect of imidazole-analogues on bone resorption in vitro: a suggested role for thromboxane A2. AB - The effects of imidazole, 1-methyl-imidazole and benzimidazole on bone metabolism in vitro were investigated. The relative potencies of these compounds with respect to the inhibition of bone resorption was found to be comparable to their relative effectiveness as inhibitors of platelet microsome thromboxane synthetase activity. Since studies by others have shown that thromboxanes are produced by resorbing bone in vitro, these results suggest that the inhibition of bone resorption by imidazole is related to the inhibition of thromboxane A2 formation. This could imply that thromboxane A2 is an additional arachidonic acid oxidation product that is of importance in the regulation of bone metabolism. PMID- 7232766 TI - Distribution of prostaglandin E2-sensitive adenylate cyclase along the rat nephron. AB - To define sites of prostaglandin action of renal tubules, the distribution of adenylate cyclase sensitive to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was examined in single nephron segments dissected from rat kidney. Further, the interaction between PGE2 and vasopressin on adenylate cyclase activity in nephron sensitive to vasopressin was evaluated. Procedures involved in isolating nephron segments were without effects on adenylate cyclase stimulation by PGE2. PGE2 stimulated adenylate cyclase activity of the thin descending limb of Henle (tDL), cortical collecting tubules (CCT), and medullary collecting tubules (MCT) at concentrations of 1.4 x 10(-5) to 2.8 x 10(-5) M. PGE2 was without effects in other nephron segments tested including proximal convoluted tubules, proximal pars recta, the thin and thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, and distal and connecting tubules. PGE2, at both high (2.8 x 10(-5) M) and low (2.8 x 10(-8) M) concentrations, did not inhibit adenylate cyclase activity stimulated by submaximal doses of vasopressin in medullary thick ascending limb of Henle (MTAL), CCT, and MCT. These data define the distribution of PGE-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the rat nephron, i.e., tDL, CCT, and MCT, and show the lack of direct inhibitory actions of PGE2 on vasopressin sensitive adenylate cyclase in MTAL, CCT, and MCT. PMID- 7232767 TI - Prostaglandin formation in bacteria : a reevaluation. AB - We report here that production and release of PGE2 do not occur in common bacteria. The apparent production in the presence of arachidonic acid, previously reported (1) may be explained by PGE2 contamination and autooxidation of the AA used. The presence of PGE2 like material in some but not all isolates of Propionibacterium acnes is confirmed. PMID- 7232769 TI - Bronchodilator activity of a PGE2 analog in animals and in man. AB - A C-11 substituted PGE2 analog, DHET-PGE2 [alpha-11-deoxy-11 alpha-(2 hydroxyethylthio)-PGE2 methyl ester], was demonstrated to exert potent bronchodilator activity in three in vivo models of augmented airway resistance: (1) acute bronchospasms, induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine and acetylcholine in the anesthetized guinea pig, (2) acute bronchospasm, induced by pilocarpine, in the anesthetized dog, and (3) chronic bronchospasm, induced by SO2 exposure, in the unanesthetized dog. In acute and 30-day toxicological studies in the dog, no cardiovascular, respiratory or gastrointestinal side effects were observed at aerosol doses at least 1,000 times those required for efficacy. In vitro, DHET-PGE2 effectively relaxed isolated preparations of dog bronchus that had been contracted with carbachol. In clinical studies, human asthmatics and bronchitics responded consistently to beta-agonist bronchodilators but variably to DHET-PGE2. Overall, increases in pulmonary resistance or decreases in FEV1 were observed with DHET-PGE2. Subsequent evaluation in isolated carbachol-contracted human bronchus revealed that, in contrast to the bronchodilator activity of PGE1 and beta-agonists, DHET-PGE2 and PGE2 induced contraction. Considered along with results from previous clinical studies on other PGs, these data underscore the difficulties in making extrapolations on this class of compounds from animal models to humans and suggest that human bronchial tissue may provide the only appropriate preclinical test system for predicting the clinical efficacy of PG bronchodilators. PMID- 7232768 TI - Carbocyclic thromboxane A2: aggrevation of myocardial ischemia by a new synthetic thromboxane A2 analog. AB - In vitro experiments indicate that thromboxane A2 (TA2) is a potent platelet aggregator and vascular constrictor. However, it is unclear what roles these specific actions may contribute in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia. Carbocyclic thromboxane A2 (CTA2), a TA2 analog, constrict isolated perfused cat coronary arteries, but does not aggregate platelets, and thus appeared useful to clarify these separate actions of TA2. In anesthetized cats, radioactive labeled microspheres were injected into the left atrium for measurement of cardiac output and tissue blood flows. Compared to control measurements, CTA2 infusion (4.8 microgram.kg-1.min-1 for 10 min) significantly decreased cardiac output from 347 to 16 ml.min-1 to 248 +/- 16 ml.min-1 (p less than 0.025). Furthermore, CTA2 also significantly reduced blood flow to the left ventricle by 33 +/- 7%, but did not alter heart rate or MABP in the intact cat. In cats subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion, infusion of CTA2 (1 microgram.min-1 for 120 minutes) 30 min after ligation resulted in a significantly reduced myocardial cellular integrity as measured by myocardial creatine kinase activity (p less than 0.01) or percent bound myocardial cathepsin D (p less than 0.01). Thus, these data suggest that activation of vascular thromboxane receptors as well as direct cellular damage may play a role in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7232770 TI - Effect of gestational age on pulmonary metabolism of prostaglandin E1 & E2. AB - The fetus and prematurely delivered newborn lamb have high concentrations of circulating PGE2 that may play a hormonal role, particularly in maintaining the patency of the ductus arteriosus. We studied the ability of the isolated, perfused lung from immature (100 +/- 2 days gestation, +/- SEM n = 8) and near term (142 +/- 1 days, n = 10; term is 150 days) lamb fetuses to metabolize PGE2 as a function of PGE2 concentration in the perfusate. After an intra-arterial infusion of 3H-PGE2 and 14C-inulin (to act as a marker of extracellular space), the bulk of the 14C-inulin was rapidly cleared through the isolated lung and the majority of the 3H activity appeared after the 14C activity had fallen to negligible values. The 3H activity that was retained longer in the lung was primarily associated with the 15-keto prostaglandin E2 and 15-keto-13,14 dihydro prostaglandin E2 metabolites. Lungs from immature fetal lambs metabolized 25% less PGE2 than did lungs from animals near term. This is consistent with our prior observation that premature lambs have decreased plasma clearance rates (in vivo) and elevated circulating concentrations of PGE2 when compared with term newborn lambs. PMID- 7232771 TI - Elevated levels of circulating pancreatic polypeptide in inflammatory and infectious disorders. AB - Circulating levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were found to be elevated when compared to healthy controls in 54% of patients with chronic inflammatory connective tissue disorders (SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease and temporal arteritis) and in 96% of patients with acute viral or bacterial infections. Significant positive correlations were obtained between the serum values of PP and those of haptoglobin or orosomucoid. Accompanying successful anti-inflammatory treatment of patients with autoimmune disorders, a reduction of PP levels was observed. The findings suggest that the magnitude of increase in PP was associated with the degree of the inflammatory activity. Raised PP levels may contribute to the alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism observed during active inflammatory diseases in man. PMID- 7232772 TI - Peptides isolated from human liver with specific inhibitory effects on reassociation/reactivation of in vitro dissociated lactic dehydrogenase (LDH-M4 and -H4) isozymes. AB - Two different peptides have been purified from human liver, similar to those previously reported (Schoenenberger, G.A., and Wacker, W.E.C. (1966) Biochemistry 5, 1375--1379) to be present in human urine, which may serve as metabolic regulators of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzymes (LDH-M4 = muscle type; LDH-H4 = heart type). By trichloroacetic acid precipitation, ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-25 and Bio-Gel P-2 columns, affinity chromatography on immobilized LDH-isozymes and HPLC two peptides which differed with respect to molecular weight, retention on the affinity columns and amino acid composition were isolated. No effect was observed when native, tetrameric lactate dehydrogenase was incubated with these peptides. However, when lactate dehydrogenase was dissociated to monomers at low pH and allowed to reassociate by adjusting the pH to 7.5 complete inhibition of the reactivation occurred when the inhibitors were incubated together with respective reassociating monomeric isozymes. The two peptides showed no cross-specificity, i.e. each peptide exhibited inhibitory activity only on one of the two isozymes LDH-M4 or LDH-H4. From the amino acid analyses, gel filtrations and PAGE + SDS, molecular weights of 1800 for the M4 and approximately 2700 for the H4 inhibitor were calculated. An apparent Ki of approximately 3 X 10(-5) mM for the H4 and approximately 7 X 10(-5) mM for the H4 inhibitor was estimated. The interaction of the inhibitors with the enzyme system showed strong cooperativity with Hill coefficients of 2.9 (LDH-M4-specific) and 2.4 (LDH-H4-specific). Mathematical modelling of the reassociation and reactivation of lactate dehydrogenase and its specific inhibition by the peptides led to the conclusion that the peptides react with monomers, dimers or a transition state during the tetramerisation process. kappa 1 for the dimerisation step of M4 = 2.0 X 10(5) M-1 . S-1 and of H4 = 8.2 X 10(4) M-1 . S-1; kappa 2 for the tetramerisation step of M4 = 2.8 X 10(5) M-1 . S-1 and of H4 = 1.2 X 10(5) . M-1 S-1, were calculated, the second step still being the faster one (Rudolf, R. and Jaenicke, R. (1976) Eur. J Biochem. 63, 409--417). PMID- 7232773 TI - Calcitonin and secretin inhibit bombesin-stimulated serum gastrin and gastric acid secretion in man. AB - The effect of intravenously administered calcitonin and secretin on bombesin stimulated serum gastrin and gastric acid secretion was studied on 7 volunteers. Secretin G.I.H. (1 C.U./kg per h) and calcitonin (0.5 I.U./kg per h) significantly (P less than 0.05) inhibited the serum gastrin and gastric acid responses to bombesin-14 (90 pmol/kg per h). Inhibition of gastrin release could not fully account for the inhibition of gastric acid secretion. PMID- 7232774 TI - Action of sauvagine on the mesenteric vascular bed of the dog. AB - Sauvagine, a linear peptide of 40 amino acids, produced hypotension when administered intravenously to anesthetized dogs. Diastolic pressure was always more affected than systolic pressure. Aortic blood flow and venous return both increased to the same extent. The mechanism of the hypotensive response was mainly, if not exclusively, due to dilatation of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Intravenous infusion of sauvagine in doses ranging from 3 to 10 ng . kg-1 . min-1 produced a dose-related increase of mesenteric blood flow up to 400% control values. Mucosal-submucosal blood flow of ileum and colon was increased, while blood flow in muscle was unaffected or slight decreased. The mesenteric vasodilator response was not prevented by adrenergic or muscarinic receptor blockade. The hypotensive response was more marked and sustained in dibenamine-propranolol treated dogs. PMID- 7232775 TI - [Modern standards in the radiological study of vertebral scoliosis and kyphosis (author's transl)]. AB - We must take note of some useful tests for a correct and complete radiological valutation of vertebral scoliosis and kyphosis. Moreover, we have to consider analytically the relative indications and the diagnostic elements, that each of them might give. Technical inventions and practical criterions have also been taken into consideration since they limit the risks caused by being exposed to ionizing radiations. PMID- 7232776 TI - [Lower extremity length inequality and scoliosis. Clinical and radiological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232777 TI - [Effects of sport on spinal column and pelvis in development. Radiological analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232778 TI - [Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle: roentgenographic appearance and discussion of the aetiological and pathogenetical theories [author's transl]. AB - The authors briefly reviewed the anatomic and radiological pattern of the congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle, with the main aetiological and pathogenetical theories. They also report their personal experience about 2 patients, stressing the peculiarity of this affection compared with others similar in their radiological pattern. They underline the coexistence, in one of the two cases, of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, suggesting a single vascular aetiology and pathogenesis. PMID- 7232779 TI - [Xeroradiographic study of rheumatoid arthritis hand (author's transl)]. AB - The hands of 50 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 32 non-arthritis controls were studied with conventional x-ray and xeroradiography. The xeroradiograph and radiograph of each patient were compared, assessing the degree of subperiosteal erosion, loss of joint space, soft tissue thickening and joint deformity. Each metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joint alterations were scored on a 0-3 scale. Comparison between xeroradiographic and radiographic techniques showed that osteoporosis was better documented on conventional x-ray while loss of joint space and synovial thickening on xeroradiographs. In conclusion, conventional x-ray study of rheumatoid arthritis hand is comparable with xeroradiographic one, even if not substitutable. PMID- 7232780 TI - [The biphasic contrast method in the stomach examination. A comparative study with standard method and correlations with endoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - A two years-experience, using the biphasic contrast method in the evaluation of the stomach, is reported. Endoscopic and radiological results are compared. Our previous reports with standard contrast method are also reviewed. Ulcerative and neoplastic pathologies were studied and classified as proposed in the "trial policentrico multidisciplinare paritetico". The double contrast method has greatly increased the accuracy of X-ray diagnosis, considerably reducing the difference with endoscopy. PMID- 7232781 TI - [The diagnostic value of pharmacologic double contrast and conventional barium meal of the stomach (author's transl)]. AB - The authors compared the diagnostic accuracy of pharmacologic double contrast, conventional barium meal and oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy of the stomach in 922 selected patients. The agreement rate between conventional investigation and endoscopy was 70.3%, while it was 83.7% between double contrast studies and endoscopy. Double contrast false positives percentage (48.7%) is bigger than that for conventional technique (38.3%), whilst the latter has a much bigger number of false negatives, both absolutely (169 cases) and relatively (61.7%). Furthermore the association of double contrast and endoscopy was compared with the anatomo pathological diagnosis in 335 cases. The agreement rate was 94.6%. PMID- 7232782 TI - [The solitary pulmonary nodule. A radiologic and clinical approach (author's transl)]. AB - The cases of pulmonary coin lesions operated at the National Cancer Institute of Milan during the last ten years are presented. Both the disadvantages of early thoracotomy as well as watchful waiting are discussed. Therefore different parameters with the aim to select the patients with the highest probability of cancer are analysed. Finally we tried to identify a diagnostic-therapeutic approach to reduce the complications and risks of thoracotomy in non-oncologic patients. PMID- 7232783 TI - [Extracranial metastases from medulloblastoma: report of four cases (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of bone and pulmonary metastases of medulloblastoma histologically diagnosed and with an exhaustive clinical-radiological and scintigraphic documentation, are described. In three patients, one of which non operated, the metastases of the osteolytic and osteoblastic type affected diffusely the skeleton; in the fourth patient the bone lesions were associated with a single pulmonary metastasis. The modality of metastatic spread and the clinical course of the illness in the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are discussed. PMID- 7232784 TI - [Method for radiographic determination of body contours (author's transl)]. AB - After a brief description of some methods used for the determination of body contour in radiotherapy, the authors present a method which using the double radiographic exposition, allows such a determination with precision and without having need of expensive equipments. They present the graphic results of the tests done on phantom and in vivo, comparing these ones with the measures obtained by CT, performed in purpose of diagnosis. For a rapid execution of the method, they list the passages to follow for its application. PMID- 7232785 TI - [Echocardiography, computed tomography and angiography in the diagnosis of neoplasms of the pancreas, liver, and biliary tract. Critical balance-sheet]. PMID- 7232786 TI - [Computed tomography in the diagnosis of primary hepatic tumors: comparison with angiography (author's transl)]. AB - The authors expose the CT findings of primitive hepatic neoplasms. There are emphasized the usefulness of CT in detecting hepatic tumors and in the evaluation of its extension. The actual role of angiography in the evaluation of primitive hepatic diseases is stressed. PMID- 7232787 TI - [The diagnosis of hepatic metastases is a frequent problem in clinical practice (author's transl)]. AB - In 131 verified cases with known primitive tumor, the diagnostic accuracy of the echotomography resulted in 84% (sensitivity 89%; specificity 76%). Technical insufficiency of the echotomography did not define the diagnosis in 8% of the patients. The evidence of solid lesions in both lobes of the liver and the involvement of the inferior vena cava are the criteria for inoperability and selection for angiographic test. The diagnostic value of the echotomography was low in cases where the primitive tumour was not identified because of the non specificity of the echo-structure of the solid intrahepatic lesions. Angiography is essential when a liver resection is planed. PMID- 7232788 TI - [CT and angiography in hepatic metastases (author's transl)]. AB - In a series of patients affected by hepatic metastases, the authors have found a diagnostic accuracy of 84% by means of CT, poorly inferior to that of angiography: 163 patients were studied by means of angiography, 88 by CT, 12 with both techniques besides scintigraphy, echotomography and other investigations. In many patients when scintigraphy and echotomography do not lead to a diagnosis, CT can avoid an angiographic investigation. Nevertheless angiography must be performed in all those patients in which the investigations suggest a possible surgical intervention. Despite employing all possible investigations, there are some cases in which the hystological diagnosis of the lesion can be reached only by optic by means. PMID- 7232789 TI - [Thoracic duct in CT (author's transl)]. AB - After an anatomical and anatomo-radiological introduction, the authors describe the morphological aspect of the thoracic duct examined by means of lymphangiography performed during computed tomographic examinations. PMID- 7232791 TI - [Current role of radiology in the diagnosis of celiac disease]. PMID- 7232790 TI - [Clinical value of lymphography in cervical cancer (author's transl)]. AB - From January 1961 to June 1978, 417 patients with cervical cancer were submitted to lymphangiography as part of the initial diagnostic work-up. As regards the distribution by clinical stage of the cases under consideration, there were 187 cases in Stage Ib (44.8%) 99 in Stage II (23.7%) and 131 in Stage III plus IV (31.5%). For the early stages preference was given to a radical surgery plus pre- or postoperative radiotherapy combination (154/417 patients, or 36.9%). On the contrary, the cases which were more developed locally or which presented contra indications to surgery received radiological treatment alone (263/417 cases, or 63.1%). The overall incidence of positive examinations was 29.9% (10.7% in Stage Ib; 28.3% in Stage II; 58.7% in Stage III and 60.0% in Stage IV). The histologic type on its own did not seem to influence the incidence of lymph node metastases detectable by lymphography. In the 145 patients who had surgical exploration, the overall diagnostic accuracy of lymphography was 82.8% with 3 false positive and 22 false negative reports. The para-aortic chains were involved in 28/417 patients (6.7%). For the negative cases, with all the stages mixed together, a 74.7% 5-year survival rate free of disease was recorded, as compared with the 34.5% found for the positive cases (P less than 0.0001). Similar differences was recorded stage by stage. PMID- 7232792 TI - [Proposal of a radiological protocol for the study of malabsorption syndromes]. PMID- 7232793 TI - [Diagnostic reliability of radiological examination of the small intestine in celiac disease]. PMID- 7232794 TI - [Clinical and radiological findings in the gastrointestinal system in pancreatic insufficiency due to cystic fibrosis]. PMID- 7232795 TI - [The skeleton in malabsorption: modern techniques in x-ray densitometry]. PMID- 7232796 TI - [The role of defecography in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease, other types of megacolon and chronic constipation]. PMID- 7232797 TI - [Radiotherapy of cutaneous angioma]. PMID- 7232798 TI - [Beta therapy with strontium radioisotopes in the treatment of cutaneous angioma]. PMID- 7232799 TI - Oxygen consumption in rats at 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C. PMID- 7232800 TI - Weak reacting A antigen in an AB Brazilian Negroid donor. PMID- 7232801 TI - The effect of goat coccidiosis on certain blood components. PMID- 7232802 TI - The epidemiology and economic importance of poultry coccidiosis in Oyo State Nigeria. PMID- 7232803 TI - Incidence of bovine trichomoniasis in Nigeria. PMID- 7232804 TI - [Parasitic diseases in ruminants of French Polynesia]. PMID- 7232805 TI - [Preliminary note on the appearance of resistance to ethion in several strains of Boophilus microplus in New Caledonia]. PMID- 7232806 TI - [Molluscicidal effect of a Senegalese stock of Ambrosia maritima. Laboratory trials]. PMID- 7232807 TI - [Effect of the use of Andropogon gayanus Kunth var, Tridentatus on a pasture]. PMID- 7232808 TI - [Comparison of maintenance diets of zebus in a pasture during the dry season in Adamawa, Cameroon]. PMID- 7232809 TI - Thyroid cancer. PMID- 7232810 TI - Thyroid cancer: epidemiology. PMID- 7232811 TI - Thyroid cancer: surgical management. PMID- 7232812 TI - Thyroid cancer: radiotherapy. PMID- 7232813 TI - Thyroid cancer: medical management. PMID- 7232814 TI - Thyroid cancer: perspectives and prospects. PMID- 7232815 TI - Thyroid cancer: radiation carcinogenesis. PMID- 7232816 TI - Thyroid cancer: dysplasia and neoplasia. PMID- 7232817 TI - Thyroid cancer: control mechanism and stimulation. PMID- 7232818 TI - Thyroid cancer: pathologic and natural history. PMID- 7232819 TI - Nuclear medicine in the assessment of thyroid cancer. PMID- 7232820 TI - Thyroid cancer: radiological assessment. PMID- 7232821 TI - Tumor-specific antigens. AB - Based on autologous serological typing of cultured astrocytoma cells from 30 patients, three classes of surface antigens have been defined. Class I antigens are restricted to autologous astrocytoma cells. Class II antigens are shared by autologous as well as certain allogeneic tumors, but are not detected on normal cells. Class III antigens are not tumor-specific and are found on both normal and malignant cells. This analysis of human astrocytoma, with the recognition of three classes of surface antigens recognized by autologous sera, resembles the results of autologous typing of human malignant melanoma, acute leukemia, and renal carcinoma. PMID- 7232822 TI - Autoreactive cells as mediators of the natural defense against malignant tumors. AB - The present paper suggests that the natural defense mechanisms against tumors are part and a logical consequence of the natural mechanisms that maintain tissue uniformity. We further suggest that biologic errors steadily are accumulated in cells with increasing age, and that the number of cells with insufficient functional capacity (aberrant cells) increases with age. Since this increasing number of aberrant cells threatens the uniformity and function of the cell population, aberrant cells must be removed in order to maintain tissue uniformity. The aberrant cells may be removed by autonomous destruction or by cytotoxic attack by autoreactive cells. Such autoreactive cells are present in the normal organism throughout life, may be suppressed by thymus-derived cells, and may be activated by immune adjuvants. We suggest from theoretic and experimental reasons that the major function of autoreactive cells is the maintenance of tissue uniformity and tissue homeostasis within a cell population. PMID- 7232823 TI - Screening of small molecular microbial products modulating immune responses and bestatin. AB - Microorganisms are the treasury of organic compounds which have various structures and various biologic and medicinal activities. The study of inhibitors of enzymes on the cellular surface has led to the findings of immunomodulators; bestatin, amastatin, forphenicine, and esterastin. Bestatin enhances delayed-type hypersensitivity to SRBC and oxazolone and inhibits Gardner lymphosarcoma and IMC carcinoma in mice. It also suppressed Ps. aeruginosa infection in mice treated with an immunosuppressive agent. Bestatin has extremely low toxicity and has been studied clinically. These studies on bestatin were reviewed. PMID- 7232824 TI - Bestatin treatment and the peripheral lymphocyte population in cancer patients. AB - Bestatin, a substance produced by Streptomyces olivoreticuli, inhibits certain cell-membrane-associated enzymes and has been shown to augment immune responses in experimental animals. We have determined whether bestatin medication changed the peripheral lymphocyte population in 15 advanced cancer patients. After 2 weeks of daily, 30 mg oral bestatin medication, the lymphocyte counts remained essentially unchanged, but the frequency of E-rosette-forming lymphocytes increased. In vitro stimulation of the lymphocytes with PHA or PPD remained essentially unchanged while the natural-killer activity of the lymphocyte population increased in most patients. Bestatin treatment caused no detectable side effects. PMID- 7232825 TI - Correction of immunodeficiency in aged mice by levamisole and bestatin administration. AB - An attempt to correct the impaired immune functions of aged mice was made by injecting repeatedly (over a 6-month period) two chemically defined immunostimulating agents, levamisole and bestatin, into 12- to 16-month-old hybrid mice. Continuous treatment with levamisole restored T-cell-dependent functions (delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and antibody response to T dependent antigens) and prevented the appearance of suppressor cells induced by aging. In aged animals, this treatment led to macrophage activation and to a significant reduction of ADCC activity near the baseline value of young animals. Weekly injections of bestatin resulted in varying effects, depending on the dose administered. Small doses (10 microgram/injection) were more effective in restoring humoral response to SRBC rather than delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, whereas large doses (100 microgram/injection) had the opposite effect. Macrophage activation was obtained only after the administration of the high dose of bestatin. Continuous treatment with bestatin did not eliminate suppressor cell activity, but decreased the ADCC normally elevated in aged animals. A significant reduction of spontaneous tumors and prolongation of median survival was observed in mice given repeated injections of levamisole and of 100 microgram bestatin, compared with untreated aged mice and with mice given low doses of bestatin. PMID- 7232826 TI - Therapeutic effects of BM 12,531 (Prop. INN azimexon). AB - The antitumor effect of BM 12,531, 2-[2-cyanaziridinyl-(1)]-2[carbamoylaziridinyl (1)]-propane (Prop. INN azimexon), on L1210 leukemia in mice is described. The immunostimulating compound BM 12,531 can also reduce the acute toxicity of X irradiation in mice. The most effective doses in these experiments are 1 or 5 mg/kg twice a week, whereas 50 and 500 mg/kg twice a week decrease the therapeutic effect. The mortality of Candida-infected and irradiated mice is also reduced by oral administration of BM 12,531. BM 12,531 has synergistic effects with subtherapeutic doses of chloramphenicol in an experimental E. coli infection in mice. PMID- 7232827 TI - Progress in experimental systemic active immunotherapy of cancer. PMID- 7232828 TI - Effects of BM 12,531 (azimexon) on in vitro lymphocyte and macrophage proliferation. AB - BM 12,531 (azimexon) is an experimental immunomodulating agent which augments cellular immune responses in vivo. This study indicates that BM 12,531, while not directly mitogenic for human peripheral blood lymphocytes nor guinea pig peritoneal macrophages, potentiates the proliferative effects of phytohemagglutinin and a lymphokine, respectively. The optimal effects (0.001- 0.01 microgram/ml) are somewhat greater in magnitude than those of levamisole. Unlike levamisole, BM 12,531 has no effect on cyclic 3',5' GMP levels or on guanylate cyclase activity of lymphocytes. The data suggest that both the thymus derived lymphocyte and the monocyte-derived macrophage are cell targets of BM 12,531 action at concentrations achievable in vivo. PMID- 7232830 TI - Mechanism of the inhibitory effect of levan on experimental tumors. AB - The mechanism of the antitumoral effect of levan was studied in the C57BL mice Lewis lung carcinoma system. Modulation of host immune response and a direct inhibitory effect on tumor cells were found. Local treatment was more effective when begun early. It reduced tumor incidence without affecting the size of developing tumors. Systemic treatment was more effective when started late, inhibiting equally the tumor size in all mice. Macrophages are involved in local, lymphocytes possibly in systemic, inhibition. A direct effect on tumor cells was suggested by a decrease in oncogenicity, following preincubation with levan. Levan augments the antitumoral effect of cyclophosphamide in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7232829 TI - Comparative evaluation of the tumor inhibitory and antibacterial activity of solubilized and particulate glucan. AB - A soluble derivative of particulate glucan was prepared and evaluated for its antitumor and antibacterial activity. Intravenous administration of soluble or particulate glucan resulted in significant reduction in the growth of a syngeneic anaplastic mammary carcinoma and melanoma B16 and enhanced survival. Soluble and particulate glucan also significantly enhanced survival of mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Hepatosplenomegaly and granuloma formation observed in particulate glucan-treated mice were not observed in the soluble glucan group. It is evident that the soluble glucan initiates significant antitumor and antistaphylococcal activity. The active soluble fraction of particulate glucan may be preferable to particulate glucan in view of inherent facility of parenteral administration. PMID- 7232831 TI - Chemotherapy immunogenicity. AB - A number of studies have demonstrated that a moderate immune reaction may augment the response to chemotherapy. Two approaches are examined in the current report: (a) chemoimmunotherapy with viable L1210 cells that were antigenically altered by treatment with DTIC (L1210/DTCI), and (b) chemotherapy plus treatment with lymphocytes from mice immunized against L1210/DTCI. Treatment of the parental leukemias L1210 Ha and L1210 Cr with BCNU or cyclophosphamide in combination with viable antigenically altered tumor cells and with lymphocytes immunized against the antigenically altered tumor cells resulted in marked therapeutic responses. The observations suggest that these combined therapeutic modalities are worthy of investigation employing human tumors. PMID- 7232832 TI - Host's immune state and kinetics of local tumor growth control--progression of postoperative lung metastasis. AB - In a study of the progression of lung metastases in tumor-bearing and tumor excised mice as a function of the host's immune status and of the rate of local 3LL tumor development, the following observations were noted. 1) The total metastatic volume was larger in mice transplanted intrafootpad with the lower doses of 3LL tumor cells (1 x 10(5)--3 x 10(4)) than in mice inoculated with high doses of tumor cells (5 x 10(-6)--1 x 10(6)). 2) A dramatic acceleration of metastatic development followed surgical removal of the local tumor which developed following inoculation of low, but not high doses of 3LL tumor cells. 3) In immunoimpaired mice, growth of the local tumor induced by inoculation of 3 x 10(6) or 1 x 10(5) 3LL tumor cells was enhanced in cyclophosphamide-treated (200 mg/kg) mice and retarded in B mice, yet metastasis development was accelerated in both types of immunosuppressed tumor-bearing mice. Tumor excision was an additional stimulus for metastatic growth. In immunosuppressed animals, the growth of postoperative pulmonary metastases accelerated to the same degree, independent of whether local tumors had been produced by high or by low doses of 3LL tumor cells. PMID- 7232833 TI - Endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor. AB - The serum of BCG-infected mice treated with endotoxin contains a substance (tumor necrosis factor, TNF) which mimics the tumor-necrotizing action of endotoxin itself. TNF is not residual endotoxin, but a factor released from host cells, probably macrophages. TNF induced in the same way in rats and rabbits also causes necrosis of transplanted murine tumors. Unlike endotoxin, TNF is toxic in vitro for neoplastic murine and human cell lines but not for mouse embryo culture. TNF has striking effects on immunologic reactions in vitro, some like those of endotoxin and others unlike those of endotoxin. TNF is a glycoprotein; its molecular weight is less than 70,000. Highly purified preparations do not contain lysosomal or nonlysosomal serum enzymes, interferon or prostaglandin E1. PMID- 7232834 TI - Antimicrobial resistance enhancing activity of tumor necrosis serum factor induced by endotoxin in BCG-treated mice. AB - Serum from BCG-infected mice that receive a lethal dose of LPS induces necrosis of a variety of transplanted mouse tumors. This serum (TNS) was shown to protect mice against two types of infectious challenges, Klebsiella and Listeria organisms. The antimicrobial activity was also demonstrated in adult C3H/He mice and in newborn mice, which are known to be refractory to the LPS-mediated increase in nonspecific resistance to infections. PMID- 7232836 TI - Pulmonary localization of intravenously injected liposomes. AB - Clearance from the circulation and tissue distribution of liposomes of differing size, surface charge, and composition injected IV into BALB/c mice have been examined. Large (500-3,400 nm diameter) liposomes are cleared from the circulation more rapidly than small sonicated liposomes (less than 100 nm diameter). Negatively charged liposomes are cleared more rapidly than neutral or positively charged liposomes of the same size. The major site at which liposomes injected IV accumulate, irrespective of their composition, is the liver. Accumulation of liposomes at extrahepatic sites, such as the lung, is influenced by liposome size, charge, and composition. Optimal localization and retention of liposomes in the lung were achieved with large negatively charged multilamellar and reversed evaporation phase liposomes containing phosphatidylserine (PS/PC, 3:7 mol ratio; PS/PC/LL 4.95:4.95:0.1 mol ratio). PMID- 7232835 TI - DNA, liposomes, and proteins as carriers for antitumoral drugs. PMID- 7232838 TI - Chemo- and immunopharmacology: the reality and the horizons of cancer treatment. PMID- 7232837 TI - Erythrocytes and lymphocytes as drug carrier systems: techniques for entrapment of drugs in living cells. AB - Mouse thymocytes and erythrocytes are loaded electrically with drugs in isotonic solution. The loaded cells are used for targeting the drugs to specific sites in the organism in order to achieve a controlled drug release in time and space. The field technique used for the loading of the cells is based on the dielectric breakdown of the cell membrane which is observed when cell suspensions are subjected to external field pulses of 2-20 kV/cm for short time intervals (ns to microseconds). When an apparent membrane potential of about 1 V is reached in response to the external field, the membrane breaks down reversibly. The breakdown of the membrane is associated with a remarkable and reversible permeability increase of the cell membrane. The increase in permeability depends on the strength and the duration of the field pulse. PMID- 7232839 TI - Immunorestoration of anergic cancer patients by azimexon. AB - Azimexon, a new synthetic immunoadjuvant, can act on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. Seven of 11 anergic cancer patients have been immunorestored by a relatively low dosage of azimexon. The effect on the lymphocyte responsiveness, and particularly of a new T-lymphocyte mitogen (TPA), are described. The possible mechanisms of the anergy of the cancer patients and of the mode of action of azimexon are discussed. PMID- 7232840 TI - BCG versus VCN: the antigenicity and the adjuvant effect of both compounds. AB - Enzymatically active Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) acts as an adjuvant when it is combined with an antigen. This has been demonstrated for bacterial, viral, protein, and cellular antigens and was found for the humoral, but more pronounced for the cellular immune response. In this study, the adjuvant activity of VCN for live BCG is discussed. Live BCG itself is regarded as a rather potent immunostimulator. A total of 6.5 mU of VCN, being most effective as derived from previous adjuvant experiments, was combined with 10(6) or 10(7) live BCG and injected IV into mice. Booster injections were given on day 12. Challenge was administered in the footpad on day 17 either with 6.5 mU VCN or with 5 x 10(4) or 5 x 10(6) dead BCG. Footpad swelling was recorded 24 h after challenge. After clinical examination, mice were bled and antibodies against BCG and VCN were measured. The results show that VCN specifically enhances the cellular, not the humoral, immune reaction against BCG, while BCG is unable specifically to enhance immune reaction against VCN. However, BCG unspecifically stimulates the cellular reaction of the organism against an antigen, primarily injected, subsequent to BCG for instance, against VCN. PMID- 7232841 TI - The significance of lectin receptors in the kidney and in hypernephroma (renal adenocarcinoma). AB - Normal kidney tissue as well as hypernephromas were examined histochemically for the occurrence of lectin receptors. FITC- and rhodamine-labeled peanut agglutinin (PNA) and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) were used for labeling different carbohydrate residues which may be of interest in the evaluation of the histogenesis of hypernephromas and possibly for concepts regarding the immunotherapy of these tumors. By using fluorescence microscopy, the receptor for PNA was found on the epithelial cells of the thin limb, distal convoluted tubules, and the collecting ducts. These binding sites occurred in a free as well as in a sialic-acid-substituted form and were mainly exposed on the luminal surface of the epithelial cells. They were absent, however, in the proximal convoluted tubules. This finding contrasts with the demonstration of RCA receptors in the brush border of these tubules. Moreover, RCA reacted with the epithelial cells of all tubules. The hypernephromas showed a wide range in the distribution and the quality of the lectin receptors, which were localized within the cytoplasm as well as in the cell membrane of the tumor cells. As demonstrated by our histochemical investigations, these kidney neoplasms may originate from any part of the tubules, and not only from the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules, as was suggested by earlier findings that employed antibodies against the brush-border antigens. In addition, the demonstration of sialic-acid substituted and, in particular, of free PNA-receptors, which represent the immunodominant group of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, may supply useful information on an immunotherapy concept. PMID- 7232843 TI - Some "pharmacologic' data about Corynebacterium parvum. PMID- 7232842 TI - Results of postoperative treatment of colorectal cancer by radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. AB - Adjuvant therapy was given to patients with colorectal cancer stage Duke's B2 and C. The 53 patients were randomized and stratified after surgery. One arm received radiotherapy and chemotherapy and the other radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and MER. The survival and disease-free interval up to 2 years were longer and better in the radiochemo-MER arm. It is too early to conclude whether this combination increases the cure rate or delays the appearance of metastases. The time interval between the cytotoxic therapy and the immunotherapy and the dose of the immunotherapeutic agent is very important for the success of the combination therapy. Further follow-up is necessary and more patients need to be entered into the trial. PMID- 7232844 TI - New drugs in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7232845 TI - The analog potential in cancer chemotherapy in the United States and Japan. PMID- 7232846 TI - PCNU Phase I study in the North California Oncology Group. PMID- 7232847 TI - Molecular pharmacology of nitrosoureas. PMID- 7232848 TI - New natural products under development at the National Cancer Institute. AB - Twenty-six new agents of natural products origin which are under preclinical development as potential antitumor agents at the National Cancer Institute are discussed with reference to their sources, structures, antitumor activity, current status, and future potential as clinically effective drugs. PMID- 7232849 TI - Available data from carminomycin studies in the United States: the acute intermittent intravenous schedule. PMID- 7232850 TI - A prospective screening program: current screening and its status. PMID- 7232851 TI - Fundamental studies on bestatin: a small molecular microbial product enhancing immune response. PMID- 7232853 TI - The current status of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. PMID- 7232852 TI - Phase I--II study of N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. AB - A phase I-II study of N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine (BH-AC) was conducted by a cooperative study group. In phase I study, a total of 126 patients, 64 of whom had metastatic solid tumors and 62 of whom had leukemia, were administered BH-AC in a single IV dose at day 1 only or in daily IV doses for 3 to 21 days, with dose ranges of 1.5--10.0 mg/kg. Side effects included nausea and vomiting, which were significantly less in incidence and severity than those observed with ara-C. Myelosuppressive toxicity became severe with doses 3.6 -5.0 mg/kg per day x 10 days. In phase II study, a total of 37 adult patients with acute leukemia were entered in the study. Responses were noted, with an overall rate of 35% complete remission. Of th 26 patients with AML, there were 13 CR. The recommended schedule of treatment for BH-AC, based on our data, is daily infusion of 4--5 mg/kg over 3 h for approximately 3 weeks. The results with BH-AC in patients with acute leukemia are superior to those which have been reported for ara-C. PMID- 7232854 TI - Preclinical rationale and phase I clinical trial of the adriamycin analog, AD 32. PMID- 7232855 TI - The motor performance of educable mentally retarded and intellectually normal boys after covariate control for differences in body size. PMID- 7232856 TI - Task classification and strategy utilization in motor skills. PMID- 7232857 TI - Factor patterns of variables influencing cohesiveness at various levels of basketball competition. PMID- 7232858 TI - State anxiety as a function of skill level and proximity to competition. PMID- 7232859 TI - Psychometric note on the reliability of the sport competition anxiety test: form C. PMID- 7232860 TI - Reflections on the use of the RTE model in physical education. PMID- 7232861 TI - Concerns of teachers about implementing individualized instruction in the physical education setting. PMID- 7232862 TI - Pygmalion in the gym: a model for the communication of teacher expectations in physical education. PMID- 7232863 TI - Effects of swimming and walking on exercise recovery and subsequent swim performance. PMID- 7232864 TI - Heart rate and rope skipping intensity. PMID- 7232865 TI - The role of the components of knowledge of results information in error correction. PMID- 7232866 TI - Stimulus velocity, duration and uncertainty as determiners of response structure and timing accuracy. PMID- 7232867 TI - Trends in the selection of coaches for female athletes: a demographic inquiry. PMID- 7232868 TI - [Is the duodenal papilla an autonomic sphincter? A contribution to the functional morphology (author's transl)]. AB - A morphologic study of the duodenal papilla was performed by laminations in three planes. The muscle system reveals that there are no autonomic sphincters, but muscle bundles deriving from duodenal longitudinal and circular muscle layers, interdigitating and acting for opening of the papillary mouth. Activity results from myogenous rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle cells, stimulated by the ductal hydrostatic pressure, and from the duodenal peristalsis. The closure of the papilla is weak, incomplete and achieved by the oblique entrance of the duct. Interpretation of functional analysis and procedures of treatment should be based upon the knowledge of normal morphology of the papilla. PMID- 7232869 TI - Suppressive activity of cell-free ascites obtained from murine tumors. Soluble Fc receptor as a possible active agent. AB - It has been shown that cell-free ascites (CFA) from Ehrlich carcinoma, AKR leukemia, and CBA thymoma, which all had strong suppressive activity in vivo, inhibit EA-rosette formation, complement-dependent hemolysis, and agglutinate EA complexes. Since these are the characteristics of soluble FcR the data suggest the presence of FcR in CFA tested. To test whether the suppressive activity observed in vivo was due to the soluble FcR and FcR-like fraction was absorbed out from CFA or Ehrlich carcinoma by means of antigen-antibody complexes. The isolated FcR-like fraction was strongly suppressive in vivo. Additional support for the proposition that soluble FcR might be one of the mediators of suppression in vivo was gained by testing cell-free supernatants (CFS) of cell-line cells known to shed off FcR into the medium. It could be shown that CFS of highly FcR positive K-562 cells inhibited PFC stronger than did the CFS of weakly FcR positive Raji cells. PMID- 7232870 TI - [The effect of desoxycholate on the electrolyte and water absorption in the terminal ileum. Studies in conscious rats (author's transl)]. AB - With an in vivo perfusion technique the influence of 10(-3) mol/l desoxycholate (DC) on the net electrolyte and volume absorption are studied in the terminal ileum of unanesthetized rats. Control experiments are performed in the same animal. The following data are observed: 1. There is a highly significant decrease in net Cl- absorption (p less than 0.002). 2. The Na+ and volume absorption is diminished or reversed into secretion. 3. The K+ secretion is enhanced (P less than 0.01). The sodium-water equivalent is reduced caused by alteration of the Na+ as well as the water permeability. PMID- 7232871 TI - [Acute effects of low carbon monoxide concentrations on blood rheology, platelet fuction, and the arterial wall in the minipig (author's transl)]. AB - While investigating the initial effects of low carbon monoxide concentrations on haemorheology and the arterial wall, minipigs were exposed to CO-air mixtures with 160, 185, and 420ppm CO. The daily exposure time was 4h. Exposure to 160 and 185 ppm CO led to a significant increase of platelet aggregation. Four hundred twenty parts per million CO caused an increase in haematocrit, blood and plasma viscosity, and in platelet aggregation. When examined by light microscopy, there were no changes in the arterial wall, whereas scanning electron-microscopic examinations revealed adhesions of shape-changed platelets on the arterial endothelium in some cases already after a single 4-h exposure to 160 or 185 ppm CO. After 4 x 4-h exposures to 420ppm CO there were mixed microthrombi on the arterial endothelium. According to preliminary transmission electron-microscopic studies these adhesions of platelets and also adhesions of mononuclear elements can always be related to foci of degeneration in the endothelial cells. These examinations showed that low concentrations of carbon monoxide can cause both haemorheological and morphological changes in the arterial wall. The further development of these changes under chronic CO exposure and a possible significance of the environmental hygiene beyond cigarette smoking has to be clarified by long-term experiments. PMID- 7232872 TI - The short-circuited everted sac of rat colon mucosa. AB - A short-circuited preparation of everted rat colon sacs is described. The serosal current electrode is a AgAgCl wire. A cylindrical agar bridge or AgAgCl electrode may be employed on the mucosal side. Effects of Ag+ ions liberated from the electrodes on ion transport could not be demonstrated. Fluid and sodium are absorbed ad bicarbonate secreted. Potassium and chloride movements are not significantly different form zero. The preparation remains stable for at least 2 h. Sodium absorption is diminished by 50% and bicarbonate secretion abolished in the absence of glucose. In principle, similar ion transport properties were found as in Ussing-chamber preparations. The advantage of the everted sac is the capability of measuring net transport of fluid and electrolytes simultaneously and directly because of the large surface/inner volume ratio of the sac. PMID- 7232873 TI - Stimulation of neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesiveness, phagocytosis, and hexose monophosphate shunt activity by N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine. AB - The effects of the sulfydryl donor drug N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (MPG) on neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesiveness, phagocytosis, and hexose monophosphate shunt activity were investigated in vitro. The drug significantly enhanced all the neutrophil functions tested when used at appropriate concentrations. The results, which are in accord with the well known inhibition of neutrophil function by sulfydryl-blocking agents, suggest the possible therapeutic usefulness of the drug in clinical conditions with defective neutrophil function. PMID- 7232875 TI - Effect of body position and of respiratory frequency on distribution of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion in dogs. AB - Ventilation (VA) perfusion (Q) ratios distribution measured by the inert gases method is studied in 7 anesthetized dogs in supine position, in prone position at a respiratory frequency of 15 cpm, and in prone position at a respiratory frequency of 10 cpm so as to test the sensitivity of this VA/Q method. Despite the fact that the precise height-width characteristics of the distribution modes are unknown, our results show coherent changes and sensitivity of the log standard deviation of the perfusion curve, of the shunt, and of the dead space obtained with the inert gas method. After the change from supine to prone position, cardiac output increases, shunt, if it exists, diminishes, VA/Q ratios distribution becomes more uniform, and PaO2 increases and (A-a)DO2 decreases. When respiratory frequency changes from 15 to 10 cpm, cardiac output, shunt, and dead space decrease, VA/Q ratios distribution curves are slightly less homogeneous. PaO2 and PaCO2 show no significant variation. This study shows that distribution mode's characteristics can be considered as good and coherent approximations. PMID- 7232874 TI - Lung function studies in a patient with diffuse pulmonary fibroleiomyomas. AB - Diffuse pulmonary fibroleiomyomas were detected by open-lung biopsy in a 33-year old male patient. Lung function studies revealed severe airflow obstruction, hyperinflation, grossly impaired single-breath-diffusing capacity and a decrease in PaO2 during exercise, i.e. data which are compatible with pulmonary emphysema. However, static lung compliance was within normal limits excluding the existence of pure emphysema. Additional special lung function tests confirmed the assumption that in diffuse fibroleiomyomas of the lung, functional patterns characteristic of obstructive and restrictive lung disease are present that are in agreement with the histological features of this disease. PMID- 7232876 TI - Rheospirography for determination of respiratory volume. AB - The method of rheospirography was investigated in 26 voluntary test persons. By means of a spirometric measuring method and after calibration, quantitative statements about size and changes of respiratory minute volume and inspiratory volume could also be evaluated. Computerizing the computation method, rheospirography is suitable for long-term monitoring in intensive care patients. PMID- 7232877 TI - Hemodynamic and ventilatory effects of intravenous salbutamol in patients affected by cold. AB - Hemodynamic and ventilatory effects of i.v. administration of salbutamol (3 micrograms/kg body weight) have been studied in 6 patients affected by chronic obstructive lung disease. A fall of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), pulmonary vascular resistances index (PVRI), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and systemic vascular resistances index (SVRI) have been found significant. Furthermore, heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI) and left ventricle dp/dt max (LV dp/dt max) were early and remarkably increased. At 30 min after drug administration such effects disappeared in all patients. Regarding the ventilatory data, the authors assume that a significant and precocious FEV1 and vital capacity increase was still present at 30 min. Hemodynamic effects can be related to either an increased venous return due to peripheral vasodilatation or to a beta 1-cardiac receptor stimulation. PMID- 7232878 TI - Inhalation of terbutaline spray through an extended mouthpiece: effect on central and peripheral airways. AB - In a cross-over experiment, 16 adult asthmatics slowly inhaled, at functional residual capacity, cumulative doses of terbutaline spray with and without extension of the mouthpiece of the aerosol canister by a cylindrical tube (length 10.0 cm, diameter 3.2 cm). No difference was found between the two modes of treatment with regard to the bronchodilator response assessed by measurement of specific airway conductance, registration of expiratory flow-volume curves and determination of helium response. The results suggest that the use of an extension tube may not promote a more extensive nor a more peripheral deposition in the bronchial tree of a properly inhaled pressurized aerosol drug. PMID- 7232880 TI - Design of the mammalian respiratory system. PMID- 7232879 TI - Design of the mammalian respiratory system. I. Problem and strategy. AB - This paper introduces a series of reports on the structure and function of the respiratory system of mammals. We propose and justify the hypothesis that structural design is a limiting factor for O2 flow at each level of the respiratory system. The background, the reasons, and the plan for the studies are described. The main approach is to compare the size of respiratory structures with maximal O2 consumption in a series of mammals spanning several orders of magnitude in body size. The papers that follow present the methods and results for maximal O2 consumption, pulmonary diffusing capacity, mitochondrial volume, and capillary density in muscles. PMID- 7232881 TI - Design of the mammalian respiratory system. II. Measuring maximum aerobic capacity. AB - We describe a simple and reproducible procedure for measuring maximal O2 consumption (Vo2max) that can be used for mammals spanning a wide range of body mass (Mb). Vo2 of trained animals was measured as a function of speed while they ran on a treadmill. Lactate concentration of the blood was determined at the beginning and end of the run. We considered that an animal had achieved Vo2max when Vo2 no longer increased with increasing tread-speed and the additional energy consumed by the muscles could be accounted for by anaerobic glycolysis. We found that Vo2 increased linearly with tread-speed up to a maximal rate and then remained unchanged with further increases in speed in nine species. When the animals ran at speeds faster than that where Vo2max was reached, they refused to continue when blood lactate concentrations reached 18-28 mmol . kg-1. Values for Vo2max obtained with this procedure were found to be about 20% greater than values obtained with the 'cold exposure' procedure for determining Vo2max. We conclude that our treadmill procedure is valid for determining the allometric relationship between Vo2max and Mb. PMID- 7232882 TI - Design of the mammalian respiratory system. VII. Scaling mitochondrial volume in skeletal muscle to body mass. AB - Since O2 is mainly consumed in muscle mitochondria during heavy physical work, one would expect to find a relationship between the volume density of mitochondria in skeletal muscles and maximal O2 uptake. We analyzed the volume density of mitochondria, Vv(mt,f) in four muscles of a series of African mammals ranging in body mass from 0.4 to 251 kg. Vv(mt,f) scaled as Mb-0.231, Mb-0.163, Mb-0.139 and Mb-0.055 in Mm. semitendinosus, longissimus dorsi, vastus medialis and diaphragm, respectively. The mass or volume of diaphragm was found to scale as Mb0.865, whereas for Mm. semitendinosus and vastus medialis, muscle volume (Vmu) scaled as Mb1.030 and Mb0.956 respectively. Scaling the absolute volume of mitochondria Vmt, in these muscles (Vmt = Vv (mt,f) x Vmu) against Mb gives regression lines whose slopes closely parallel that obtained for Vo2max against body mass. Therefore the ratio of volume of mitochondria in these muscles to Vo2max is body mass independent. PMID- 7232883 TI - Design of the mammalian respiratory system. VIII Capillaries in skeletal muscles. AB - The relationship between capillary density and mitochondrial volume density in skeletal muscle tissue is investigated on 25 African mammals ranging in body mass from 0.4 to 251 kg. As a general trend higher capillary densities, NA (c,f) are found in muscles with higher volume densities of mitochondria, Vv(mt,f). The individual data however show considerable scatter. Part of this scatter can be explained by the fact that NA (c,f) alone is not a sufficient parameter to account for functional properties of the vascular supply. The regional variability of the capillary network from arterial to venous end also contributes to the data spread. A number of physiological variables of the vascular compartment may also influence the relationship of capillary counts to the mitochondrial densities of muscle fibers. This relationship therefore cannot be expected to be a simple one. PMID- 7232884 TI - Design of the mammalian respiratory system. IX. Functional and structural limits for oxygen flow. AB - This paper presents the synthesis and interpretation of a series of correlated studies of the mammalian respiratory system--measurements of maximal rate of O2 consumption, the lung's diffusing capacity, the mitochondrial volume, and the capillary number and length in skeletal muscle. It discusses the results with respect to the principle of symmorphosis, i.e. of morphogenesis adapted to functional needs. We find that the accumulated evidence supports this principle at all organizational levels considered, although the models used for structure function correlation need further refinement. PMID- 7232885 TI - Design of the mammalian respiratory system. III Scaling maximum aerobic capacity to body mass: wild and domestic mammals. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether the maximal rate of oxygen consumption (Vo2max) is scaled proportionally to Mb1.0, as the diffusing capacity of the lung, or proportionally to Mb0.75, as the standardized resting rate of oxygen consumption (V02std). We measured Vo2max on a variety of mammalian species (14 wild species and 8 domestic or laboratory species ranging in Mb from 7.2 g to 263 kg) using the same 'treadmill' procedure for all animals. For the wild species we found: Vo2max = 1.94.Mb0.79; r=0.995 where Vo2max has the units ml . sec-1 and mb is in kg. There was a great variability in Vo2max among domestic species of the same size, horse and dog having a Vo2max more than 3 times that of a cow and sheep, respectively. Both the variability in Vo2max with body size and among animals of the same size provide powerful tools for investigating the relationship between structure and function at each step in the respiratory system, from the oxygen in environmental air to the oxygen sink in the mitochondria. PMID- 7232886 TI - Design of the mammalian respiratory system. IV Morphometric estimation of pulmonary diffusing capacity; critical evaluation of new sampling method. AB - The quality of morphometric data obtained by stereological methods depends on the sampling scheme adopted. In the light of recent advances in sampling theory for stereology a sampling strategy has been developed which differs significantly from that used in previous studies. It operates with a cascade of four sampling levels and adopts the principle of A-weighted sampling, a method that should eliminate bias and possibly yield smaller variances. This method is described and discussed in detail. When compared with the old simpler sampling approach it is found that the new method (1) is at least as efficient and (2) that the estimates of morphometric parameters obtained by this method are similar to the data generated by the old method. PMID- 7232887 TI - Design of the mammalian respiratory system. V. Scaling morphometric pulmonary diffusing capacity to body mass: wild and domestic mammals. AB - This paper utilizes a comparative approach to establish the relationship between morphometric diffusing capacity for oxygen (DLo2) and maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max). DLo2 and Vo2max were determined on the same 21 individuals in African mammals spanning a range in body mass from 0.4 to 240kg. We confirmed earlier findings that Dlo2 was proportional to Mb0.99 while Vo2max was proportional to Mb0.79. Thus, the ratio of Dlo2/Vo2 is approximately proportional to Mb0.20. We conclude that large animals require a larger pulmonary diffusing capacity to transfer oxygen at the same rate from air to blood. PMID- 7232888 TI - Design of the mammalian respiratory system. VI Distribution of mitochondria and capillaries in various muscles. AB - The variability of structures supporting tissue oxygen transport (capillaries) and oxygen consumption (mitochondria) was analyzed in skeletal muscles of wildebeest and dik-dik. Regional differences in mitochondria and capillary densities within individual muscles were found for M. semitendinosus (twofold) but not for M. longissimus dorsi and diaphragm. Comparing 20 different muscles from both animals, the volume density of mitochondria in the muscle fibers [Vv(mt,f)] was significantly higher in diaphragm (10-12%) and varied considerably (1-6%) in the other muscles. The relation between Vv(mt,f) and the number of capillaries per cross-sectional fiber area NA(c,f) showed great variability. In glycolytic fibers Vv(mt,f) was typically low (1%) whereas in oxidative fibers it ranged from 5-15%. No systematic trend was found for the packing of cristae in subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondria from both types of fibers in large and small animals. PMID- 7232889 TI - The cornea and trachoma in developing countries. Experience in one the Gulf States (Qatar). PMID- 7232890 TI - [Trachomatous tarsitis in the scarring phase (histo-pathologic study)]. PMID- 7232891 TI - [Operative method for correction of trichiasis]. PMID- 7232893 TI - [Vertigo]. PMID- 7232892 TI - [Survey on blindness in Central and Southern Tunesia. Methodology - preliminary results]. PMID- 7232894 TI - [Truth must remain the basis of therapeutic research]. PMID- 7232895 TI - Acoustic neuromas: evaluation and management. PMID- 7232896 TI - [Intact drum cholesteatoma of the middle ear and the temporal bone]. PMID- 7232897 TI - Early diagnosis and transtemporal removal of small nerve VII and VIII tumors. PMID- 7232898 TI - [Surgery of the lacrimal ducts]. PMID- 7232899 TI - Meatal exostoses are found frequently in the bony ear canal in Australia. PMID- 7232901 TI - [Electrocardiographic anomalies in mediastino-pulmonary sarcoidosis without cor pulmonale]. PMID- 7232900 TI - Porous alloplastic implants. PMID- 7232902 TI - [Aging and autoimmunity. Analysis of lymphocyte functions]. PMID- 7232903 TI - [Critical clinical study of the antibacterial activity of the serum of patients treated with antibiotics]. PMID- 7232906 TI - [Direct lymphocytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in thyroid diseases]. PMID- 7232905 TI - [Development and long term prognosis of 50 cases of dermatomyositis and polymyositis]. PMID- 7232907 TI - [Humoral abnormalities during psoriasis]. PMID- 7232904 TI - [Intravenous effect of nicergoline in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7232908 TI - [Scleroderma microangiopathy. Physiopathogenic hypothesis]. PMID- 7232909 TI - [Lipid and lipoprotein anomalies associated with arcus senilis]. PMID- 7232910 TI - [New concepts of the etiopathology of autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 7232911 TI - [Metabolism of calcium and vitamin D during alcoholic hepatic diseases]. PMID- 7232912 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis and associated autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 7232913 TI - [Ehlers-Danlos' syndrome with visceral and bony malformations. Biochemical analysis]. PMID- 7232914 TI - [Association of severe algodystrophy and primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7232915 TI - [Association of parathyroid adenoma and thyroid cancer]. PMID- 7232916 TI - [Prolonged clinical remission (20 years) of amyloid nephrotic syndrome. Postoperative definitive renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7232917 TI - [Anatomical study of the sinus node in atrial arrhythmias in man. Apropos of 111 anatomo-clinical cases]. PMID- 7232918 TI - [Electrocardiogram in primary and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. Apropos of 42 cases]. PMID- 7232919 TI - [Anomalies of cardiac rhythm observed during the Apollo and Skylab missions]. PMID- 7232920 TI - [Oral administration of isosorbide dinitrate in myocardial infarction without heart insufficiency. Its hemodynamic effects]. PMID- 7232921 TI - [Dilatations of the choledochus due to obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Analysis of 33 cases]. PMID- 7232922 TI - [Exchangeable water and electrolyte compartments in 7 cases of neurogenic hypernatremia]. PMID- 7232923 TI - [Bartter's syndrome, an unusual etiology of familial hypokalemia accidentally detected in adults]. PMID- 7232924 TI - [Unusual genealogies in inflammatory cryptogenic colitis]. PMID- 7232925 TI - [Retroperitoneal fibrosis and abdominal lymph node tuberculosis. Etiopathogenic discussion]. PMID- 7232926 TI - [Association of mixed connectivitis and adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 7232927 TI - [Thyroid hormones, atherogenic and thrombogenic factors]. PMID- 7232928 TI - [Acute neurologic complications of hypophyseal adenomas]. PMID- 7232929 TI - [Syncope and lipothymia of carotid sinus origin. Apropos of 13 cases of carotid sinus syndrome of the cardio-inhibitory form]. PMID- 7232930 TI - Contribution of blood platelets to the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7232931 TI - [New techniques in the study of the interaction between blood platelets and the arterial wall (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232932 TI - [Ischemic cerebro-vascular accidents: usefulness of anticoagulant and antiaggregating agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232933 TI - [Platelet release reaction and atherogenesis: facts and hypotheses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232934 TI - [Preleukemic conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232935 TI - [Hypereosinophilia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232936 TI - [Transmission electron microscopy in diagnostic hematology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232937 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children: present treatment strategy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232938 TI - [Renal anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232939 TI - [Red blood cell enzymes in vitamin B1 and B2 deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7232940 TI - [Complementary clinical relationship between blood volume determination and neuroradiologic exploration of the brain]. PMID- 7232941 TI - [The role of a radioisotopic method for measuring pulmonary vascularization in the exploration of certain cardiopathies]. PMID- 7232942 TI - [Emergency care for patients with severe brain damage]. PMID- 7232943 TI - [Emergency care of poorly tolerated supraventricular arrhythmias by intracardiac stimulation in intensive care units]. PMID- 7232944 TI - [Ischemic colitis]. PMID- 7232945 TI - [Non-traumatic explorations of the cerebral vessels]. PMID- 7232946 TI - [A case of brain tumor]. PMID- 7232947 TI - [Symptomatological study of traumatic coma caused by diffuse brain lesions]. PMID- 7232948 TI - [Diagnosis of neoplastic disorders by systematic serum CEA determination in the internal medicine service]. PMID- 7232949 TI - [Reform of medical education perceived in its application]. PMID- 7232950 TI - [The traumatic thorax]. PMID- 7232951 TI - [Treatment of flail chest with osteosynthesis]. PMID- 7232952 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm]. PMID- 7232953 TI - [Traumatic tracheo-bronchial rupture]. PMID- 7232954 TI - [Impotence caused by dysfunction of erection (apropos of cases with endocrinological causes)]. PMID- 7232955 TI - [Strictly posterior infarction: a difficult diagnosis]. PMID- 7232956 TI - [Cardiology in a non-university hospital]. PMID- 7232957 TI - [External dislocation of the ankle]. PMID- 7232958 TI - [Hodgkin's disease--surgical aspect]. PMID- 7232959 TI - [Medical strain of the calf]. PMID- 7232960 TI - [Clinical signs of vascular and degenerative psycho-organic syndromes of advanced age]. PMID- 7232961 TI - [The physician and his knowledge]. PMID- 7232962 TI - [Multiple myeloma. Incidence, clinical expression and management]. PMID- 7232963 TI - [The infertile couple: reflections concerning personal history of the male partner]. PMID- 7232964 TI - [A parietal form of Pick's disease: clinical and pathological study (author's transl)]. AB - A patient developed a neurological disorder at the age of 57 years and died 9 years later after progressive aggravation. The clinical picture was that of a unilateral, parietal, focal neurological syndrome for many years, finally becoming bilateral. The purely neurological nature of the condition, without signs of mental disturbance, should be emphasized. Pathological examination showed mainly unilateral circumscribed cortical atrophy in the parietal regions. Histological examination showed atrophic lesions typical of Pick's disease. This case provides suggestive evidence for the existence of purely parietal forms of Pick's disease. PMID- 7232965 TI - [Memory disturbances, eyelid conditioning, startle and orienting reactions (author's transl)]. AB - Patients with memory disturbances were submitted to eyelid classical conditioning procedure in which a sound was reinforced at a 50 p. 100 rate by an air puff. They were compared to normal subjects and to patients with unilateral forebrain lesions. Six patients with mesodiencephalic lesions (mamillary bodies, fornix, cingulum) didn't have any conditioning while 2 patients with bilateral temporal lesions had normal conditioning. Startle and orienting reactions were very weak too in patients with mesodiencephalic lesions and normal in patients with bilateral temporal lesions. The startle and orienting reaction impairment can be related to attention disturbances leading to the lack of conditioning. PMID- 7232966 TI - [Long-term results of treatment of Parkinson's disease with bromocriptine and domperidone (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty-seven parkinsonian patients treated with bromocriptine +/- domperidone were examined eighteen months later. Fifteen continued the same treatment; 10 also received L-DOPA plus a peripheral DOPA-decarboxylase-inhibitor; the others resumed L-DOPA therapy. Thus, by limiting peripheral side effects, domperidone permits effective doses of bromocriptine. PMID- 7232967 TI - Chronotherapy: resetting the circadian clocks of patients with delayed sleep phase insomnia. AB - We report here the development of a brief drug-free rescheduling treatment ("chronotherapy") for Delayed Sleep Phase (DSP) insomnia, a syndrome characterized by sleep-onset insomnia with difficulty in morning awakening. We postulated that patients with DSP insomnia had an inadequate capacity to achieve phase advance shifts of the circadian pacemaker which times the sleep-wake cycle. Chronotherapy was therefore designed to reset these patients' biological clocks by the phase delay route. This single 5-6 day treatment was tested in 5 patients with a 4-15 year history of DSP insomnia. All 5 patients reported a lasting resolution of their symptoms substantiated by systematic long-term self-reports and objective polygraphic recording before and after treatment (average follow-up of 260 days; range, 42-910 days). The average sleep onset advanced from 4:50 a.m. before treatment to 12:20 a.m. afterwards, and wake times advanced from 1:00 p.m. to 755 a.m. (for both, p less than 0.001), with no reduction in sleep efficiency. As a result, all 5 patients were able to end their chronic dependence on hypnotic medications. PMID- 7232968 TI - Treatment of narcolepsy and sleep apnea with gammahydroxybutyrate: a clinical and polysomnographic case study. AB - Gammahydroxybutyrate was administered to a patient who experienced narcolepsy associated with central sleep apnea. The treatment relieved the major symptoms of narcolepsy, and significantly decreased the number of apneic periods. Gammahydroxybutyrate did not cause the prolonged and potentially fatal apneic periods associated with the use of other hypnotic agents. PMID- 7232969 TI - Disorders of excessive daytime somnolence: polygraphic and clinical data for 100 patients. AB - A consecutive series of 100 sleep apnea free patients with the complaint of excessive daytime somnolence (EDS) were evaluated; data from medical histories, physical examination, personality inventories, and polysomnography [nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) and daytime multiple sleep latency testing (MSLT)] were tabulated. Significant differences were found between narcoleptic and non narcoleptic patients in a number of parameters, including EDS severity, mean sleep latency on MSLT, sleep latency on NPSG, latency to REM sleep at night, number of REM sleep at night, number of REM sleep segments throughout the night, the total number of nocturnal myoclonic jerks (as well as the number occurring per hour of NREM and REM sleep), and the number of arousals and wake periods preceded by a myoclonic jerk. Significant differences in sleep latency during MSLT and NPSG testing were found between different EDS diagnostic groups of non narcoleptic patients. The majority of patients in the MSLT group with long sleep latencies were in the diagnostic groups of EDS associated with psychophysiological and/or psychiatric problems or with drug abuse; patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic central nervous system hypersomnia or EDS associated with disturbed nocturnal sleep formed the majority of the MSLT group with short sleep latencies. The non-narcoleptic patients in a MSLT group with short sleep latencies had significantly shorter sleep latencies at night, more sleep cycles, higher sleep efficiency, and earlier REM sleep than patients with long sleep latencies. PMID- 7232970 TI - Differentiating psychological characteristics of patients with sleep apnea and narcolepsy. AB - Fifty male subjects were group-matched for age and socioeconomic status. Twenty of the subjects were diagnosed as having sleep apnea and 20 were diagnosed as having narcolepsy on the basis of sleep studies. The remaining 10 subjects served as normal controls. Differences among the groups were evaluated on the bases of two psychological instruments designed to assess personality characteristics and mood states. The findings suggest that narcoleptics and apneics both present discriminatively different psychological profiles than do normals. Moreover, personality characteristics of these two groups are distinguishable from one another. Apneics tend to be individuals with hypochondriacal and hysterical characteristics, whereas narcoleptics are more easily characterized by anxiety and social introversion. Both severity of psychological disturbance (mean Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory elevations) and personality pattern (two-point codes) distinguish the groups. Key Words: Sleep apnea-Narcolepsy Psychological profiles. PMID- 7232971 TI - Brief apneas and reliable assessment of respiratory instability. AB - Studies of apnea in newborns often disregard the frequent occurrence of brief respiratory pauses during sleep. Several investigators have reported an association between the occurrence of brief apneas and subsequent respiratory dysfunction. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the incidence of brief and long apneas is consistent within the individual neonate. This question was posed separately for active and quiet sleep, in order to compare apnea patterns in these two sleep states. Behavioral states and respiration during sleep were continuously monitored in 27 full-term, normal infants on weeks 1-5 postnatally. The first observation took place in the hospital and lasted 3 hr. The remaining observations were conducted for 7 hr in the home. Respiratory pauses of 2 sec or greater were identified and analyzed in terms of rate per hour, mean length, and longest episode in both quiet and active sleep. The distribution of apnea by duration was analyzed for each sleep state. Apnea rates determined separately for brief pauses (2-5 sec) and episodes of longer duration (6-16 sec) were positively correlated on all observations in both active and quiet sleep. The magnitude of the correlation decreased slightly with age in active sleep, whereas in quiet sleep, the association progressively increased. The implications of these findings for the reliable assessment of respiratory instability in the newborn are discussed. PMID- 7232972 TI - Respiratory effects of preoptic-anterior hypothalamic electrical stimulation during sleep in cats. AB - The respiratory effects of preoptic-anterior hypothalamic (PO-AH) and vagal repetitive electrical stimulation (RES) were studied in unrestrained cats during sleep. PO-AH RES influenced breathing consistently during synchronized sleep but only occasionally during desynchronized sleep. Induction of desynchronized sleep by PO-AH RES was also observed. The respiratory effects of PO-AH RES on one side were enhanced by concomitant PO-AH warming on the other side during synchronized sleep but not during desynchronized sleep. Breathing was affected by vagal RES during both sleep stages, although an increase in threshold and in variability of respiratory responses was apparent during the latter sleep stage. The results show that PO-AH unresponsiveness during desynchronized sleep is nonspecific. PMID- 7232973 TI - Sensitivity of the stanford sleepiness scale to the effects of cumulative partial sleep deprivation and recovery oversleeping. AB - The sensitivity of the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) to short-term cumulative partial sleep deprivation (PSD) and subsequent recovery oversleeping was examined. A repeated-measures design included 7 paid healthy undergraduate volunteers, who were normal sleepers (mean sleep time 7.6 hr), and consisted of the following schedule: (a) pre-baseline; (b)sleep reduction of 40% of 1 night (mean, 4.6 hr) for 5 nights; (c) recovery oversleeping for night 1 (mean, 10.6 Hr) and night 2 (mean, 9.1 hr); (d) post-baseline. Daytime performance testing utilized a 1 hr auditory vigilance task and four short-duration (10 min) tests, two of which have been shown sensitive to total and partial sleep loss effects. Subjects completed SSS forms every min while awake and 1-9 scales of mood and energy upon awakening. Subjective measures were analyzed across conditions for mean all-day and task-related SSS values and mood and energy ratings. A correlational analysis investigated individual correspondences between ratings and performance. Results indicate that SSS is sensitive to deficits in alertness following PSD. However, it generally does not predict individual performance efficiency and therefore cannot act as a substitute for performance measures in studies involving chronic sleep loss. PMID- 7232974 TI - The St. Mary's Hospital sleep questionnaire: a study of reliability. AB - A systematic sleep questionnaire has been devised for assessing the previous night's sleep of a subject. It has been designed for repeated use. It is completed by the subject and is framed with the needs of the hospital patient in mind. In the present study it was given to 93 subjects in four different groups: 16 surgical inpatients, 21 medical inpatients, 32 psychiatric inpatients (in a general hospital unit), and 24 normal volunteers. Test retest reliability correlations have been derived using a nonparametric correlation coefficient (Kendall's tau). Each of the items achieved statistically significant reliability (p less than 0.0001) in all four groups, with the value for tau on the total sample varying from 0.70 to 0.96. The St. Mary's (or SMH) Sleep Questionnaire is put forward as an instrument that is a systematic inquiry into the subject's experience of sleep and that is composed of items of demonstrable reliability. PMID- 7232975 TI - Heart blocks during sleep: a case report in a healthy subject. AB - Cardiac arrhythmia was fortuitously discovered during an experimental sleep recording in a healthy 50-year-old man. a 24 hr electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring revealed the prevalence of these abnormalities during sleep and their absence during the awake period. Sleep and ECG were recorded during 4 consecutive nights. Numerous (500-1, 100 events/night) heart blocks and sinus pauses occurred 60-80 min after going to bed. They were never observed during awakenings and were exacerbated during paradoxical sleep. The atrioventricular blocks were of the Wenckebach-Luciani type. No other abnormality was found. These conduction abnormalities are discussed as possibly due to phasic increases in vagal firing, which during paradoxical sleep would be superimposed on the tonic increase in heart rate. PMID- 7232977 TI - [Origin of prostatic arteries in man]. PMID- 7232976 TI - [Esophagocardiomyotomy associated with an anti-reflex technic: an experimental study in dogs]. PMID- 7232978 TI - [Circulation in island flaps: experimental study in rats]. PMID- 7232979 TI - [Effects of chronic exposure to trace concentrations of inhalatory anesthetics]. PMID- 7232980 TI - [Endometriosis of the vermiform appendix inducing acute appendicitis in a pregnant woman]. PMID- 7232981 TI - [Schistosomiasis of the testis]. PMID- 7232982 TI - [Surgical treatment of portosystemic encephalopathy]. PMID- 7232983 TI - [Esophagogastric junction in dogs. Length of the high pressure zone and pHmetric study]. PMID- 7232984 TI - [Incidence of hepatic lesions in alcoholics without patent signs of advanced liver diseases - study of 100 cases]. PMID- 7232985 TI - [Effects of caerulein and bromopride on the human gallbladder. A comparative study]. PMID- 7232986 TI - [Diagnostic value of the determination of lactic dehydrogenase activity in ascitic fluid]. PMID- 7232987 TI - [Sex reversal in a case of male pseudohermaphroditism (Reifenstein syndrome)]. PMID- 7232988 TI - [Methods of studying platelet function (research on the aggregation of circulating platelets)]. PMID- 7232989 TI - [Evaluation of the platelet aggregation test carried out by the method of pressure filtration of the platelet aggregates (PFAP) in a group of healthy male subjects]. PMID- 7232990 TI - [Surveillance of prolonged therapy with anticoagulants]. PMID- 7232991 TI - [Use of an indirect hemoagglutination technic for in vitro immunodiagnosis in hydatidosis in man]. PMID- 7232992 TI - [New in vitro test for rheumatoid factor]. PMID- 7232993 TI - [Diagnosis of pancreatic disease (radioimmunological method for trypsin levels in blood]. PMID- 7232994 TI - Endoscopic antrostomy in the nasal fontanelle. AB - One of the causes of recurrent maxillary sinusitis may be a too narrow natural ostium, which becomes blocked easily. As the mucus transport inside the sinus is directed towards the ostium, i.e, towards the middle nasal meatus, the most suitable place for an artificial extra ostium is in the middle meatus. In the posterior fontanelle such an ostium can be made comparatively easily under endoscopic control. For this purpose a special coagulating perforating instrument has been designed. PMID- 7232996 TI - Surgical drainage of the maxillary sinus. Introduction to the symposium. PMID- 7232995 TI - Surgical drainage of the maxillary sinus through the inferior meatus. AB - In the last decade an increasing number of authors advocates to avoid the Caldwell-Luc procedure whenever possible in rhinogenous and/or odotogenous maxillary sinusitis. Advantages and drawbacks of the intranasal inferior meatus fenestration and its modifications are discussed as well as some technical details. In some cases the intranasal operation could be enlarged as described by several authors many years ago. In a limited number of cases the intranasal procedures may fail to cure or improve the patients condition. Here we can still resort to a more radical type of operation via the fossa canina. PMID- 7232997 TI - Incision in the gingival margin for approaching the maxillary sinus: a comment after an eight years experience. AB - After an eight years experience performing an incision in the free border of the gum (the Neumann's incision) to approach the maxillary sinus - the first written communication had been six years before (Rev. Brasil. Oto-Rino-Laring., 40:398, 1974) - the authors describe the details of the technique justifying also their enthusiasm for its almost exclusive use now a days. PMID- 7232998 TI - Ventilatory effects of the pulse wave in the maxillary sinus. AB - The perostial ventilation of the human maxillary sinus is achieved via three main factors: diffusion, respiration wave and the mucosal pulse wave. The ventilatory factors have been studied with the help of a model sinus. The values used in the model are based upon in vivo human studies. Diffusion is responsible for the most important ventilatory effect in large ostia. Respiration has a ventilatory effect in all ostial sizes. The mucosal pulse has a ventilatory effect when the pulse volume exceeds the dead space of the ostium. When the ostial volume is diminished, the pulse-induced ventilation increases and keeps the total ventilation constant regardless of ostial size. In very small ostia, the mucosal pulse and respiration are the two important ventilatory factors. PMID- 7232999 TI - Technique for removal of the nasosinusal block at autopsy. PMID- 7233000 TI - Transnasal ethmoidectomy under endoscopical control. AB - Endonasal sinus surgery aims at the preservation of a lining mucosa in the reventilated and redrained cavities. It can, therefore, be confined to the removal of narrowing bone at the "isthmus" of the ducts or windows. Transnasal ethmoidectomy for diffuse polyposis consists of the removal of the ethmoidal cell septa, including the middle turbinate, and a broad fenestration of both the sphenoid sinus and the frontal infundibulum. A consequent postoperative care provided, transnasal ethmoidectomy offers excellent clinical results. A new suction-irrigation endoscope and refined instruments contribute to improved surgical exposure and to the avoidance of complications. PMID- 7233001 TI - [Early identification of inflammatory rheumatic bone diseases via mammography technique (author's transl)]. AB - A decisive improvement of early x-ray diagnosis of inflammatory rheumatic osseous changes becomes possible by means of an appropriate combination of film and foil of the type which has been in use in mammography for a long time. PMID- 7233002 TI - [Spontaneous external gallbladder perforation (author's transl)]. AB - Spontaneous perforation of the gallbladder is one complication of cholelithiasis. There is a greater occurrence of free perforation in the peritoneal cavity with biliary peritonitis, followed by the perforation into the stomach, small intestine and colon. A single case of the nowadays rare spontaneous perforation in and through the abdominal wall will be reported. Spontaneous gallbladder perforation appears nearly asymptomatic in its clinical course because of absent biliary peritonitis. PMID- 7233003 TI - [On the problem of angiographic differential diagnosis between hypernephroma, angiomyolipoma and carcinoma of the renal pelvis (author's transl)]. AB - Pretherapeutic type diagnosis of a renal tumour will be decisive for further clinical measures and for the fate of the patient. The incidence and relative significance of the angiographic signs of three types of tumours are critically reviewed on the occasion of a carcinoma of the renal pelvis which had at first been wrongly diagnosed via angiography as a hypernephroma and then as an angiomyolipoma. For the first time, the article goes into the details of differential diagnosis between angiomyolipoma and a tumour of the renal pelvis growing into the renal parenchyma. It is concluded that the angiographic signs described in literature will mostly occur with the other two types of tumours as well, besides being non-obligatory. For the purpose of enabling angiographic tendency diagnosis despite this difficulty, the article suggests to employ sequential paired differentiation of the type which would be a prerequisite for any future computer-supported diagnostic method. PMID- 7233004 TI - [Reduction of side effects in aortofemoral angiography: low-osmolar contrast medium compared with conventional contrast medium plus local anaesthetic (author's transl)]. AB - Ioglicinate plus lidocaine and ioxaglate were used for aortofemoral angiography in 15 patients. Side effects of the two contrast media were compared in a double blind study. Injection of ioxaglate caused significantly less vascular pain. With both contrast agents sensation of heat and increase of heart rate were equal. Unlike ioglicinate plus lidocaine ioxaglate did not induce a significant drop of blood pressure. Angiography using low osmolar contrast media causes less side effects than conventional medium plus local anesthetic. PMID- 7233005 TI - [Mammography with medichrome film, screens and grid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233006 TI - [Surgery of congenital cardiopathies in 1980]. PMID- 7233007 TI - [Valved tubes for the reconstruction of the pulmonary tract]. PMID- 7233008 TI - [Correction of common atrioventricular canal]. PMID- 7233009 TI - [Surgery of congenital aortic stenosis, orificial and juxta-orificial]. PMID- 7233010 TI - [Surgical management of simple transposition of great vessels]. PMID- 7233011 TI - [Major principles of open heart surgery in congenital cardiopathies]. PMID- 7233012 TI - [Surgical indications in asymptomatic congenital cardiopathies]. PMID- 7233013 TI - [Physiologic role of estro-progestational balance]. PMID- 7233014 TI - [Progesterone, metabolism, physiological action]. PMID- 7233016 TI - [Natural history of ovarian progesterone deficiency]. PMID- 7233015 TI - [Pharmacology of progestins]. PMID- 7233017 TI - [Are there indications for progestins during pregnancy?]. PMID- 7233018 TI - [Isolated progestational contraception. Advantages and disadvantages]. PMID- 7233019 TI - [Therapeutic indications for progesterone and progestatins apart from pregnancy and contraception]. PMID- 7233020 TI - [Progesterone, progestatins and water and sodium metabolism]. PMID- 7233021 TI - [Effects of progestatin on glucido-lipid metabolism and coagulation]. PMID- 7233022 TI - [Physiopathology of polycythemias]. PMID- 7233023 TI - [Vaquez' disease: diagnostic orientation]. PMID- 7233024 TI - [The treatment of vaquez disease]. PMID- 7233025 TI - [The remote prognosis of Vaquez' disease]. PMID- 7233026 TI - [The kidney and excretion of hydrogen ions]. PMID- 7233027 TI - [Myasthenia in children]. PMID- 7233028 TI - [Indications and reliability of echotomography in pediatric cardiology]. PMID- 7233029 TI - [Abdominal echotomography in the child]. PMID- 7233030 TI - [Diarrhea in the first month. Diagnosis and therapeutic attitude]. PMID- 7233032 TI - [Cardiovascular adaptation to exercise and training]. PMID- 7233031 TI - [Scabies and lice]. PMID- 7233033 TI - [Evaluation of the cardiovascular fitness for sports. Which sports? For whom?]. PMID- 7233034 TI - [Cardiovascular fitness sports in children]. PMID- 7233035 TI - [The practice of sports, a treatment for coronary disease]. PMID- 7233036 TI - [The heart of athletes in intensive competition]. PMID- 7233037 TI - [Coronary complications during sports practice: significance]. PMID- 7233038 TI - [Is surgery of internal carotid artery stenosis reasonable after the age of 70?]. PMID- 7233039 TI - [Surgery in the thoraco-brachial outlet syndrome]. PMID- 7233040 TI - [Mesenteric infarction: management]. PMID- 7233041 TI - [Surgery of the renal artery]. PMID- 7233042 TI - [Salvage surgery in severe ischemia of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7233044 TI - [Role of glucagon in diabetes]. PMID- 7233043 TI - [Non-atheromatous lesions of the popliteal artery]. PMID- 7233045 TI - Exercise testing for assessing the effectiveness of digitalis therapy in compensated heart diseases. AB - Exercise pulse rate (EPR) during a 6-minute exercise testing and recovery pulse rate (RPR) 5 minutes following the test were determined in three groups of subjects before and after rapid digitalization. Ten normal subjects showed no significant changes in heart rate after rapid digitalization. EPR and RPR decreased and FPR/RPR ratio increased significantly after administration of the cardiac glycoside in 7 patients with congestive heart failure. A similar response was found in 25 out of 36 patients with compensated heart disease (69.4%). Such a response suggests a beneficial effect of chronic digitalis therapy in cardiac patients without heart failure. PMID- 7233046 TI - Self-limitation of atrial fibrillation in advanced heart disease. PMID- 7233048 TI - Study of some serum protein fractions in various clinical forms of diabetes mellitus. AB - With a view to studying the eventual alterations of protein metabolism, some serum protein fractions such as: immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), transferrin and ceruloplasmin were determined in 100 diabetics (52 males, 48 females) in comparison with a control group of 26 healthy subjects. Significant differences were found between IgA and transferrin values both in diabetics and in controls. IgA tended to increase with the length of disease, whereas IgG, IgM and transferrin showed a contrary trend. IgA and transferrin values were higher in the patients with juvenile and young adult diabetes, as compared to maturity onset and senile diabetes. Other immunoglobulin and transferrin changes were related to sex, age, type of treatment, degree of stability, presence of chronic complications. No significant anomalies were found for ceruloplasmin. The results confirm the presence of serum protein alterations in diabetes mellitus, whose significance may be correlated with the clinical particularities of the disease. PMID- 7233047 TI - [Study of lysozyme in the blood, urine and synovial fluid in different stages of rheumatoid polyarthritis and under the influence of therapy]. PMID- 7233049 TI - Effect of the antidiabetic treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia in newly detected diabetes mellitus. AB - A parallel study concerning the influence of antidiabetic treatment of the carbohydrate and lipid disturbances were carried out in 209 patients with newly discovered diabetes mellitus: 120 females and 89 males, ranging in age from 28 to 73 years. The treatment applied in terms of the clinical from of the disease was: insulin in 12 cases, tolbutamide in 25 cases, glurenorm (a sulphenyl urea derivative in 114 cases, biguanide in 45 cases, tolbutamide associated with biguanide in 13 cases. After 60 days of treatment, the incidence of HLP fell from 55.02% to 43.06% (in 90 of 209 cases), with a change in the distribution of the five HLP types. Parallel analysis of blood glucose, triglycerides (Tg) and cholesterol (Ch) revealed appraisable differences in the post-therapeutic evolution of the three biochemical parameters in terms of the treatment applied. A statistically significant, parallel and comparable decrease in glycemia, Tg and Ch was recorded after insulin and glurenorm; biguanides lowered only glycemia and Tg, and tolbutamide only glycemia. The fact that correction of carbohydrate disturbances is accompanied by a significant decrease only of Tg and not of Ch suggests that the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which these lipid fractions are modified in diabetes mellitus, differ and are probably independent on one another. The close relationship between the weight excess and plasma Tg (but not also plasma Ch) levels, likewise lends support to this assumption. PMID- 7233050 TI - The relationship between air-borne fungal spores and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in the house dust. AB - The prevalence of mould genera and their association with the house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) were investigated in the homes of 192 asthmatic patients and 125 healthy people in a Romanian town with a relatively high degree of humidity. The dominant moulds which developed in the culture media exposed on the bedroom floors were Cladosporium, Penicillium and Aspergillus. Living Dermatophagoides pt. and their eggs were present mostly in the colonies of Cladosporium; in those of Penicillium the house dust mites were dead and disintegrated. It is concluded that allergy to Dermatophagoides pt. must not be connected to house dust as such but to the presence in the dust of certain mould spores. PMID- 7233052 TI - [Was malaria eradication a foolish enterprise?]. PMID- 7233053 TI - Nutritional status of children, inmates of a small institution for homeless children in the capital of the State of S. Paulo, Brazil. PMID- 7233051 TI - Chlorpromazine-induced decrease of red cell aggregability. AB - Starting from the assumption that binding of chlorpromazine to the erythrocyte membrane might influence th rheology of these cells, the authors studied erythrocyte aggregability and deformability by means of a filtrability test in 42 neurotics and 16 patients with personality disorders, all males, aged 20 to 27 years, clinically healthy from the somatic view point. Determinations were carried out before and 30 min after a single i.m. dose of 1 mg/kg b.w. chlorpromazine (14 patients) and before and after a 5-day oral treatment with 3 mg/day haloperidol (11 patients) or 75 mg/day chlorpromazine (33 patients). Chlorpromazine induced a significant decrease of erythrocyte aggregability after 5 days of oral treatment (p less than 0.02) the effect being more marked in the patients with relatively high initial values (p less than 0.01). The mechanism of this phenomenon and its possible implications of ESR determination and in the therapy of occlusive vascular diseases are discussed. PMID- 7233054 TI - [Vital characteristics as indicators of pregnancy at risk]. PMID- 7233055 TI - [Health education in the prevention of prenatal and between-conception risk in pregnancy. Characteristics as affected by prenatal care services]. PMID- 7233056 TI - [Birth weight, Rohrer weight index and postnatal growth]. PMID- 7233057 TI - [Causes of violent deaths in the municipality of Sao Paulo, Brazil. I--Violent deaths through the years]. PMID- 7233058 TI - [Serological survey of syphilis in adults: Planaltina, Brazil, 1977]. PMID- 7233059 TI - [Beds for general hospital assistance in the Paraiba Valley, Brazil, 1974]. PMID- 7233061 TI - [Research on anti-Brucella canis agglutinins in human sera in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 7233060 TI - [Analysis of posters on schistosomiasis made by school children]. PMID- 7233062 TI - [Levels of organochlorine pesticide residues in meat products under federal inspection]. PMID- 7233063 TI - Aluminum shielded room for biomagnetic measurements. PMID- 7233064 TI - Abnormal duodenal loop demonstrated by X-ray. Correlation to symptoms of dyspepsia. AB - In 73 patients the occurrence of dyspeptic symptoms were correlated with the presence of a normal duodenal loop (29 patients) and an abnormal duodenal loop (44 patients). An abnormal duodenal loop was associated with a significantly higher incidence of symptoms provoked by meals, vomiting, regurgitation, heartburn, and the irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 7233065 TI - The effect of duodenal infusion of bile on plasma VIP, GIP, and secretin and on duodenal bicarbonate secretion. AB - Nine healthy young male students were studied before, during, and after a 10-min period of duodenal infusion of 6 g dried cattle bile dissolved in 75 ml distilled water to iso-osmolarity and pH adjusted to pH 7.0. Plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and duodenal bicarbonate secretion increased significantly, whereas plasma secretin showed a late but not significant tendency to rise after the bile infusion. PMID- 7233066 TI - Gastric cooling and regional gastric mucosal flow in anesthetized animals. AB - Regional gastric mucosal flow was measured by hydrogen clearance techniques during gastric cooling. At subnormal temperatures a considerable augmentation of mucosal flow was observed both in the antrum and corpus region. At mucosal temperatures below 15 degrees C, which only could be reached by continuous balloon perfusion of the stomach with chilled water, a moderate decrease of mucosal flow occurred in normothermic animals. On the basis of the presented results it appears debatable whether gastric cooling has any place in the treatment of bleeding from gastric mucosal lesions as a means of reducing gastric mucosal flow. PMID- 7233067 TI - Vagally innervated and denervated gastric pouch in one and the same dog--a new model. AB - A new model for studies of gastric secretion is introduced. Two pouches separated from the stomach are constructed in one and the same dog. A vagally denervated pouch is taken from the corporo-fundic part of the stomach, and a vagally innervated pouch is constructed from a pear-shaped piece of the anterior wall with basis in the corporeal part of the lesser curvature. Intact vagal innervation is tested with 2-deoxy-D-glucose. The maximal histamine response is used as reference value for each pouch. A dose-response study for histamine stimulation is presented. The model has proved to be surgically well reproducible: of the first 16 dogs operated upon, 12 have shown appropriate magnitude of secretion. The dogs can live for months and years; a tendency to hypopotassaemia is easily normalized by oral KCl. PMID- 7233068 TI - Comparison of physiological and pharmacological stimulation of acid secretion in vagally innervated and denervated gastric pouches in the same dog. AB - The double-pouch dog with one vagally innervated Amdrup pouch (AP) taken from the lesser curvature side of the stomach and one denervated Heidenhain pouch (HP) from the corporo-fundic part permitted comparison of gastric secretion from innervated and denervated mucosa at the same time in the same animal. Food stimulation with a mixture of liver, heart, and bonemeal showed significantly higher response from AP than from HP for all doses, and the difference between the pouches in total acid output was constant for all doses, indicating that the relative contribution of vagal innervation is diminished when the size of the protein meal is increased. The difference between innervated and denervated mucosa is achieved by an immediate high response from the AP. After 150 min the responses to the larger meals were identical in the two pouches. Acid output during stimulation with pentagastrin reached 64.4% of maximal response to histamine in the AP and 36.2% in the HP, the innervated mucosa giving a statistically significant higher response for all doses. Absence of innervation gave an HP response similar to non-competitive inhibition with significantly lower calculated maximal response and a CD50 not different from the CD50 for the AP. Twenty-four hour secretion studies during optimal physiological conditions with the dog fed two daily meals of standard composition showed sparse secretion from denervated mucosa, whereas a great part of the capacity of innervated mucosa is utilized during daily conditions. PMID- 7233069 TI - Relationship between basal serum gastrin concentrations and gastric acid secretion in peptic ulcer disease. AB - In large groups of control subjects and gastric, prepyloric, and duodenal ulcer patients basal gastrin concentration as basal and maximal acid output was measured. All groups had equal basal gastrin concentrations, except gastric ulcer patients, who had higher values (p less than 0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between acid output and basal gastrin in controls and prepyloric ulcer patients. In duodenal ulcer a similar correlation was seen only after exclusion of gastrin and basal acid hypersecretors, and in gastric ulcer no correlation could be found. The characteristic pattern for gastrin and acid secretion was in prepyloric ulcer patients almost like that in controls, whereas gastric ulcer patients seemed more heterogeneous. In duodenal ulcer differences may be explained by a defective feedback inhibition of acid. PMID- 7233070 TI - Inhibition of hepatic chylomicron remnant uptake in the cholestatic rat. AB - [3H]retinal- or [3h]cholesterol- and [14C]fatty acid-labeled chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants were injected intravenously into normal rats and rats subjected to partial or total obstruction of the bile duct 8 or 48 h earlier. The clearance from plasma of the [3H]retinyl and the [3H]cholesteryl esters in 30-120 min was markedly decreased in rats with total obstruction, and the uptake of 3H by the liver was significantly less than in control rats. The elimination of the [14C]triacylglycerol of the native chyle lipoprotein was not significantly affected, and the delayed plasma clearance was seen also when the [3H]lipid ester radioactivity was injected as chylomicron remnants prepared in vitro. If only one of the two main bile duct branches was ligated, the uptake of radioactivity did not differ markedly in the obstructed and unobstructed part of the liver and only small effects on the plasma disappearance were seen. The defective clearance of the chylomicron remnants was thus not related to the obstructed bile flow per se but rather to the consequences of the total obstruction, such as the high plasma bile acid level or the accumulation of abnormal lipoproteins in plasma. PMID- 7233071 TI - Labelled bile salt excretion and diarrhoea in coeliac disease. AB - Faecal excretion of labelled bile salts after intravenous injection of carboxyl 14C-cholic acid was normal or low in eleven patients with untreated coeliac disease without diarrhoea. Five other coeliac patients with evident diarrhoea had increased excretion of labelled bile salts, suggesting that bile salt malabsorption may contribute to diarrhoea in coeliac disease. PMID- 7233072 TI - Risk of gallstone formation after jejunoileal bypass increases more with a 1:3 than with a 3:1 jejunoileal ratio. AB - The rate of gallstone formation after jejunoileal bypass and the influence on the rate of the jejunoileal ratio of the functioning segment were assessed in 265 obese patients without stones in the gallbladder. After on the average 20.1 months of observation 231 patients were adequately examined for gallstones, which had developed in 2 (4%) out of 46 unoperated patients, in 9 (9%) out of 100 with a 3:1 jejunoileal ratio, and in 17 (20%) out of 85 with a 1:3 jejunoileal ratio of the functioning segment of the bypass. This result suggests that the association of ileal dysfunction and gallstone formation depends on the length of the functioning jejunum, which, according to previous studies, may reduce bile lithogenicity by stimulating bile salt synthesis. PMID- 7233073 TI - A comparison between clinical diagnosis and histopathological findings in liver biopsies. AB - In 70 consecutive patients the histopathological diagnosis of needle liver biopsy specimens and the clinical diagnosis were compared. The patients were divided into the following groups: alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis, malignancy, cholestasis, and miscellaneous. Nearly half of the cases were alcohol-induced; all of these showed changes in the specimens consistent with an elevated alcohol consumption, but their histopathological 'severity' did not correlate with the amount of alcohol consumption. In the hepatitis group three cases of acute viral hepatitis gave identical clinical and histopathological diagnoses. The malignancy group showed that in five of eight cases the needle biopsy specimen confirmed the clinical suspicion of malignant tumour in the liver. The histopathological diagnoses of the miscellaneous group were not able to add further information to the clinical findings because of unspecific lesions in the specimens. Two specimens were taken from each patient, and the 'reproducibility' of the histopathological diagnoses of the interdependent specimens showed a high degree of agreement: 71% of the biopsy pairs had identical diagnoses of the two specimens from the same patients, and 12% of the biopsy pairs had only small differences between the two diagnoses. PMID- 7233074 TI - Abnormal duodenal loop demonstrated by X-ray. Relation to gastric emptying time. AB - Gastric emptying time of a solid meal was estimated on X-ray in 7 patients with a normal duodenal loop, 7 patients with a proximal duodenal anomaly, and 12 patients with a distal duodenal anomaly. A determination coefficient between gastric emptying time and duration of serum gastrin increase was calculated. The food-stimulated serum gastrin secretory pattern was studied in 9 patients with a normal duodenal loop, 6 with a proximal duodenal anomaly, and 13 with a distal duodenal anomaly. The various groups presented significantly different gastric emptying times; thus patients with normal duodenal loop had a mean gastric emptying time of 6 h, patients with proximal duodenal anomalies ahd a mean gastric emptying time of 4.5 h, and patients with distal duodenal anomalies had a mean gastric emptying time of 9 h. Gastric emptying time and duration of increased serum gastrin secretion was positively correlated (R2 = 0.89). The food stimulated serum gastric secretory pattern was equal in patients with proximal duodenal anomalies and those with distal duodenal anomalies and furthermore, reached significantly higher serum gastrin concentrations than in patients with a normal duodenal loop. PMID- 7233075 TI - Causes and characteristics of 500 consecutive cases of jaundice. AB - During approximately 2 years 106 clinical and routine laboratory parameters were obtained from each of 500 jaundiced patients consecutively admitted to the surgical and medical departments in a hospital covering a third of the hospital admissions in the city of Copenhagen. The patients were classified mainly by morphological criteria (397 patients) or the subsequent clinical course (103 patients) into five major diagnostic categories: acute parenchymal jaundice (113 patients), chronic parenchymal jaundice (97 patients), gallstone disease (76 patients), malignant obstructive jaundice (104 patients), and other causes of jaundice (110 patients). The five major categories covered 23 specific diagnoses. Within 3 months of admission 21% of the patients died, and the mortality varied from 4% in acute parenchymal jaundice to 49% in jaundice due to malignant disease. PMID- 7233076 TI - Duodenal diverticula and their relationship to age, sex, and biliary calculi. AB - The relationship between duodenal diverticula and age, sex, and biliary calculi was studied prospectively in 624 patients examines with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The study showed that the incidence of biliary calculi was significantly higher in patients with diverticula (86%) than in patients without diverticula (38%). The difference was significant in all age groups above 40 years (p less than 0.01). The rate of diverticula found near the papilla of Vater was significantly higher in patients with biliary calculi than in patients without (p less than 0.01). A positive correlation was found between age and diverticula but not between sex and diverticula. An insufficient papillary sphincter together with an ascending bacterial infection is discussed as a possible explanation for the higher incidence of biliary calculi in patients with duodenal diverticula. PMID- 7233077 TI - Inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion by graded intraduodenal administration of oleic acid in man. AB - The inhibitory effect of intraduodenally administered oleic acid in volumes of 5- 40 ml on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion was determined in healthy volunteers. In the control experiments, corresponding volumes of saline were given. Five and 10 ml oleic acid brought about a significant inhibition of gastric acid secretion of 29% and 32%, respectively. After 20 ml of oleic acid the inhibition was 46%, a significantly stronger inhibition than after 5 or 10 ml. Forty milliliters of oleic acid did not further increase the inhibition. Maximal inhibition appeared 30--60 min after the administration of oleic acid. In seven duodenal ulcer patients 20 ml oleic acid evoked an inhibition of gastric acid secretion of 20%, which was significantly less than the inhibition produced in healthy subjects after the same volume of oleic acid. The results suggest that the intraduodenal administration of relatively small volumes of oleic acid elicits a dose-dependent inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in man and that maximal inhibition is obtained by 20 ml of oleic acid. The results also indicate that duodenal ulcer patients may have a defective fat inhibitory mechanism. PMID- 7233078 TI - 'Partial' sham feeding releases gastrin in normal human subjects. AB - We determined whether sham feeding which precluded oral contact with food would release gastrin. In 16 experiments in 7 subjects, either an appetizing meal was discussed or subjects were permitted to see and/or smell a meal of their choice being prepared. In response to this 'partial' sham feeding, serum gastrin concentrations increased from 48 +/- 5 to 57 +/- 7 pg/ml (P less than 0.005). Gastric acid output also increased significantly in response to 'partial' sham feeding. These studies indicate that sham feeding releases significant amounts of gastrin in healthy human subjects and that this response is not dependent upon the presence of food in the oral cavity. PMID- 7233079 TI - Serum bile acids in acute hepatitis. AB - Serum concentrations of cholic (CCA) and chenodeoxycholic (CCDA) acid were measured by radioimmunoassay in 27 patients with acute hepatitis of various aetiologies. In the icteric phase, serum bile acids were strongly elevated, usually with a predominance of CCA. As the disease resolved, however, CCDA was the predominant bile acid in serum in most patients. Serum CCA and CCDA levels returned to normal values at approximately the same time as aminotransferases. The results indicate that determinations of serum bile acids provide no further information than conventional liver tests during the course of acute hepatitis. PMID- 7233080 TI - Does human bile stimulate the exocrine pancreas? AB - The exocrine pancreatic secretion of water and bicarbonate was studied by endoscopic cannulation of the main pancreatic duct. Intraduodenal infusions of human bile with high concentrations of bile acids were followed by increases in flow rate and bicarbonate secretion in three cases. When bile with low concentrations of bile acids was infused into the duodenum in two cases, no obvious change was found. The study indicates that bile may play a role in the regulation of the exocrine pancreatic secretion of water and bicarbonate in man. PMID- 7233081 TI - Crohn's disease: long-term results of surgical treatment. AB - Fifty-nine patients operated on for Crohn's disease during the years 1954 to 1977 were studied. The observation time was from 1 to 24 years, mean 10 years. The operative mortality was 1.7%, and alter deaths from the disease and its complications 3.4%. The general state of health at the final follow-up observation was good for the large majority of the patients. Ony four patients (7%) had marked symptoms that affected the working capacity. Forty-four percent of the patients had one or more recurrences. The average yearly recurrence rate was 6.1% in the first 10 years of observation. In the next 10 years this rate diminished to 2.2%. The recurrence rates were much lower (14%) when the margins of the resected intestine were free of the disease than when microscopic signs of the disease were present (66%). To obtain a free margin, rather wide resection and peroperative frozen-section evaluation of resection margins are recommended. Eleven out of 12 patients with shunt operations had to be operated on again. PMID- 7233082 TI - Binding, uptake, and degradation of 125I-labelled high-density lipoproteins in isolated non-parenchymal rat liver cells. AB - Binding, uptake, and degradation of 125I-labelled HDL were measured in isolated rat non-parenchymal cells in vitro. The binding exhibited saturation kinetics and was inhibited to various degrees with other unlabelled lipoproteins such as VLDL, LDL, and HDL, but the uptake was not reduced by heat and formaldehyde-denatured albumin. The binding could be reduced by pronase treatment of the cells. Acetylated 125I-labelled HDL were more effectively taken up and degraded by non parenchymal cells than unmodified 125I-labelled HDL. The Kupffer cells were able to take up two to three times as much HDL per cell as the endothelial cells. 125I labelled HDL bind to the plasma cell membrane and can be dissociated by addition of unlabelled HDL. Relatively more labelled HDL dissociate at 4 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. The non-parenchymal cells also internalize 125I-labelled HDL at 37 degrees C, and the lysosomotropic drug chloroquine inhibits partly the degradation of accumulated 125I-labelled HDL. PMID- 7233083 TI - The effect of cysteamine on the Brunner gland secretion in the rat. AB - Cysteamine in a single subcutaneous administration induces release of gastrin, acid hypersecretion, and duodenal ulcer in rats. Pentagastrin-induced acid hypersecretion has no ulcerogenic effect. The Brunner glands in the proximal duodenum have previously been shown to be an important factor in the natural defence of the duodenal mucosa, and this study has been performed to determine the effect of cysteamine and pentagastrin on the Brunner glands in the rat. The proximal duodenum was isolated in situ and drained by a polyethylene tube. The secretion was studied for two 5-h periods after administration of cysteamine or pentagastrin, and then the Brunner glands were studied histologically. Pentagastrin did not affect spontaneous Brunner gland secretion, whereas cysteamine inhibited the output approximately 50%. After cysteamine the secretory cells were low and depleted of mucus, suggesting that cysteamine interferes with the synthesis of the secretory product. The depression of the Brunner gland secretion may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulceration. PMID- 7233084 TI - The effect of parietal cell vagotomy on gastrooesophageal function in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - By means of a previously described method, the gastro-oesophageal region of duodenal ulcer patients was examined before and 3 months after parietal cell vagotomy. Postoperatively the patients had fewer symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux. The intragastric acid secretion was significantly reduced. In spite of this the oesophagus function tests used to evaluate the gastro-oesophageal region -basal gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressure, acid perfusion test, acid clearing test, and intensity of acid gastro-oesophageal reflux measured by automatic integration of the pH variations as a function of time in arbitrarily chosen pH intervals during 12 h together with peristaltic activity in the oesophagus--were unchanged. The total number of reflux episodes was unaltered, but a significant change took place postoperatively in the distribution of the reflux episodes, in the direction of reflux episodes of higher pH. A comparison preoperatively during cimetidine treatment and postoperatively showed an increase in gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressure and a reduced intensity of acid gastro-oesophageal reflux during cimetidine treatment. It is concluded that parietal cell vagotomy does not affect the gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressure, oesophageal peristaltic activity, or frequency of acid gastro-oesophageal reflux. The reduction in intragastric acid secretion causes reflux episodes of higher pH, and this in connection with healing of the ulcer explains the improvement in the symptoms of the patients. PMID- 7233085 TI - Glutathione peroxidase activity in whole blood of patients with sickle cell anaemia. AB - Whole blood glutathione peroxidase was found significantly increased relative to controls in a group of 21 black patients with sickle cell anaemia. One control group consisted of 15 normal black subjects. A second control group, consisting of 21 black patients with various abnormal haemoglobins including alpha thalassaemia, also showed a tendency to enhanced glutathione peroxidase activity, confirming previous reports that elevated glutathione peroxidase levels are secondary to a variety of haemolytic conditions, rather than typical of sickle cell anaemia. PMID- 7233086 TI - Acquired aplastic anaemia in children treated with corticosteroids and anabolic steroids. AB - 30 children with acquired aplastic anaemia are presented. The mortality rate was 60%. The period of observation exceeded 8 years for patients. The importance of long control and the timely conclusion of therapy are emphasized. Prognostic criteria and alternatives to steroid therapy are discussed. PMID- 7233087 TI - Plasma levels of platelet factor 4 in patients admitted to a coronary care unit. AB - Blood was obtained from 63 consecutive patients within 24 h period after the admission to a coronary care unit for the determination of plasma platelet factor 4 (PF-4) concentration. 28 of the subjects proved to have an acute myocardial infarction (MI), 24 had evidence of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) but no MI, and the remaining 11 patients had no signs of IHD. 40 healthy subjects served as controls. The mean PF-4 value in the MI group was 10.5 +/- 0.8 ng/ml. The corresponding values for patients with and without IHD were 8.7 +/- 0.6 and 8.3 +/- 0.6 ng/ml, respectively. The control mean (5.4 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than the means for all 3 groups of patients studied. The difference between the group of MI patients and patients with IHD as well as patients without IHD was only of borderline significance (0.10 greater than P greater than 0.05). PMID- 7233089 TI - Preferential production of IgA antibodies by spleen fragments immunized and maintained in vitro. AB - Primary immune responses were induced with a hapten conjugate of Ficol (NIP38 Ficoll) in cultures of mouse spleen fragments. The production of anti-NIP antibodies and mouse immunoglobulins IgA and IgG was monitored by solid-phase radioimmunoassays. Cultures produced IgA and IgG without any stimulation. IgA at a rate of c.60ng/mg of wet tissue per day throughout the 10-day culture period. Background production of IgG gradually declined from almost 1000 ng/mg/day at the beginning to 100 ng/mg/day at the end. Immunization modestly reduced the decline of the IgG production. It increased the production of IgA fourfold between days 6 and 8. It induced an antibody production that had its peak between days 6 and 8. Up to 50 ng of anti-NIP antibody was produced during this period per mg of wet tissue per day. Of this antibody 75-90% was IgA. When the same antigen was injected into mice, more than 75% of anti-NIP antibodies detected in their sera on day 8 were IgG. One cause of the high ratio of IgG/IgA antibodies detected in their sera on day 8 were IgG. One cause of the high rate of IgG/IgA antibodies in vivo is the efficient elimination of oligomeric IgA by the liver. Another possible cause is that the production of IgA is less sensitive than the production of IgG to the adverse conditions of the culture. PMID- 7233091 TI - Interaction between the labile binding site of human C4 and methylamine. AB - Human complement component C4 was irreversibly inactivated by low concentrations of methylamine at slightly alkaline pH. The inactivated C4 molecules lost the ability to bind to EAC1 cells but retained th capacity to participate in the formation of classical pathway C3 convertase in the fluid phase. 14C-methylamine was incorporated into the alpha-chain at a ratio of 1 mol methylamine per mol C4. PMID- 7233090 TI - Comparison between the specificity of primary and secondary killer cells against alloantigens and hapten-modified syngeneic lymphoid cells. AB - Cytotoxic responses of lymphoid cells from different mouse strains against syngeneic cells modified with the haptens fluorescein isothiocyanate and trinitrophenyl were investigated. Mic of the H-2k strain demonstrated strong primary in vitro hapten-specific cytotoxicity reactions, which were H-2 restricted and involved the Kk specificity. However, cells from H-2d and H-2b mice developed hapten-specific cytotoxic reactions that showed H-2 cross reactivity. This cross-reactivity, with regard to the restriction element, was particularly evident with cells from mice that had been immunized in vivo. No cross-reaction was observed between the two haptens, and Dd target cell antigens. Similar cross-reactions were demonstrated in vitro experiments in which secondary in vitro responses were induced by stimulation with cross-reacting H-2 antigens. This finding was also investigated in allogeneic cytotoxicity. In vitro induced responses resulting in relatively weak specific cell-mediated lympholysis reactions were H-2 specific, whereas secondary in vitro responses demonstrated cross-reactivity between Dd and Db antigens. In these test systems, cross stimulation was also demonstrated in secondary in vitro responses. These results are discussed in terms of similarities of T cell recognition of hapten-modified self antigens and of alloantigens. PMID- 7233088 TI - Quantitative study of the uptake of IgA by isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Recently dispersed rat hepatocytes showed high capacity for uptake of monomeric and polymeric human IgA by simple absorptive endocytosis. Maximum uptake exceeded 15 million monomer units per cell. The asialo-glycoprotein receptor was not involved in this process. J chain-containing polymers were on the average taken up somewhat better than monomers and substantially better than J chain-deficient polymers. This result would agree with a partial involvement of the secretory component (SC) in the absorptive uptake of IgA. Different receptor mechanism might hence explain the hepatic transport of IgA from blood to bile in the rat and perhaps be involved in the catabolism of IgA. After binding to the plasma membrane of the rat hepatocyte, most of the human IgA was internalized in endocytic vesicles. A considerable proportion of radiolabelled IgA apparently reached the lysosomes after internalization and became degraded. PMID- 7233092 TI - Immunoprecipitation of the solubilized membrane receptor for IgE of human cultured lymphoblastoid cells. AB - The putative Fc receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon) of cultured human lymphoblastoid cells was characterized by using a goat anti-receptor antiserum. The antiserum was prepared against NP-40-solubilized cell components of Wil-2WT cells which bound to an IgE-Sepharose-4B immunoadsorbent column. The antiserum specifically inhibited binding of 125I-labelled IgE to Fc epsilon-positive RPMI-8866 lymphoblastoid cells. Absorption of the antiserum with Fc epsilon-negative Raji and Molt-4 cells and with IgE and IgG did not change this inhibitory activity. Antiserum extensively absorbed with Raji and Molt-4 cells precipitated 7% of the radioactivity of lysates of 125I-lactoperoxidase-labelled RPMI-8866 cells but only 0.5-1.8% of that of Raji and Molt-4 cells. Autoradiography of SDS-PAGE analyses demonstrated two major labelled peptides of 86,000 and 47,000 mol. wt. in reduced immunoprecipitates from RPMI-8866 but not from Raji or Molt-4 cell lysates. As determined by Sepharose-6B gel filtration, the approximate molecular weight of the solubilized radiolabelled membrane component that reacted with the antiserum was 250,000 solubilized in NP-40 and 125,000 in NP-40-4 M urea. Both the 250,000 and 125,000 mol. wt. material consisted of the 86,000 and 47,000 peptides. The data demonstrate that the anti-receptor antiserum inhibited binding of 125I-labelled IgE to Fc epsilon-receptor-positive lymphoblastoid cells and suggest that the receptor may consist of two non-covalently linked polypeptides that remain associated in NP-40 and NP-40-4 M urea. PMID- 7233093 TI - The specificity of a nickel sulphate reaction in vitro: a family study and a study of chromium-allergic subjects. AB - In vitro PPD and nickel sulphate lymphocyte blast transformation reactions were performed in ten families with one or more allergic nickel contact dermatitis patients. The healthy family members did not have an inherited ability to react to nickel in vitro. Their nickel stimulation response was significantly lower (P less than 0.005) than that among the allergic subjects. In the families studied, atopic members did not have higher nickel reactions than nonatopic subjects. Thus, the in vitro nickel reaction is not connected to atopy. This is further confirmed by the fact that the percentage of atopic subjects (19%) in these families is not higher than the percentage in the general population. In addition, six unrelated chromium-allergic patients were tested, and their lymphocytes did not cross-react with nickel sulphate in vitro. These results indicate that the in vitro nickel blast transformation reaction is specific to clinical nickel allergy in about 90% of nickel dermatitis patients. PMID- 7233094 TI - Binding of fragments of human IgG to solid-phase C3b measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - The binding of human IgG and different fragments of IgG to C3b adsorbed to polystyrene tubes has been studied by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Heat denatured polyclonal IgG and F(ab')2 and Fab fragments of IgG bound to solid phase C3b. Heat-denatured Fc fragments of IgG also had some reactivity with C3b, but at significantly higher concentrations than F(ab')2 and Fab fragments. The binding of heat-denatured IgG could not be completely inhibited by the addition of heat-denatured F(ab')2 fragments in tenfold excess. The results suggest that the binding of heat-denatured IgG to solid-phase C3b is mediated through the Fab and Fc portions of IgG molecules. PMID- 7233095 TI - The group of hypotonic schizophrenics. AB - The physical and psychological characteristics of hypotonic schizophrenic children are described. It is hypothesized that hypotonic schizophrenia constitutes a homogeneous subgroup within the schizophrenic spectrum. The criteria for diagnosing hypotonic schizophrenia are stated. By selecting a homogeneous subgroup of schizophrenic patients, investigators may improve the probability of identifying a common biochemical etiology within this subgroup. PMID- 7233097 TI - Toward a resolution of methodological dilemmas in network mapping. AB - In mapping social networks, investigators have confronted the following choices in the selection of an instrument to assess networks: (1) qualitative versus quantitative approaches; (2) subjective versus objective criteria; (3) synchronic versus diachronic descriptions. Evolving out of fieldwork with discharged mental patients, the Network Analysis Profile was designed to resolve these methodological dilemmas. Although it has not been completely successful in meeting this goal, the Network Analysis Profile offers distinct advantages over other instruments. A description and an illustration of its use are provided. PMID- 7233096 TI - "Community support systems assessment" for use in clinical interviews. AB - This article addresses the practical problem of economically assessing a patient's support systems within the exigencies of a psychiatric emergency service and the limits of a routine intake interview. The methodology described includes an open-ended clinical interview, in both brief and expanded form, which can be integrated into standard clinic procedures and records. The focus of the interview, the Community Support Systems Assessment, is on the naturally occurring supports available to the patient, with sensitivity to the subcultural and clinical variations that influence the supports that might be expected. The instruments described are essentially clinical tools but serve research purposes as well. PMID- 7233098 TI - Network characteristics related to the well-being of normals: a comparative base. AB - An efficient method of mapping the networks of members of the general population is described. The method permits examination of the effect of several social participation and social network variables on the well-being of 1,050 subjects. Specifically, an index of avowed happiness is regressed on measures of network size, network density, number of instrumental supporters, number of confidants, kin as a major network component, number of dependent others, number of social contexts, and range of socializing. The regression procedure is carried out separately for male and female subjects. Results show that network size is the best predictor of the well-being of men while range of socializing is the best predictor of the well-being of women. These findings are explained in terms of men's and women's differing social responsibility. In conclusion it is suggested that mental health workers may benefit from an understanding of the differing stresses and supports that networks offer men and women. PMID- 7233099 TI - Recent stressful life events and episodes of schizophrenia. AB - Most of the relatively firm evidence on the causal significance of recent stressful life events in episodes of schizophrenia comes from a handful of retrospective case-control studies of schizophrenic patients and from comparisons of schizophrenic patients with patients suffering from affective disorders. Some important additional evidence is available from studies of the occurrence of psychotic symptomatology in extreme situations such as combat during wartime and in nonwesternized societies. On the basis of our analyses of the case-control studies, the literature on extreme situations, and the cross-cultural findings, we conclude that the consensus that stressful life events play only a trivial role in causing schizophrenic episodes is premature. PMID- 7233100 TI - Social networks and mental illness in a peasant society. AB - Social networks of 35 mentally ill persons were studied in Lao villages. Mental illness was associated with a decrease in size of social networks, disproportionate reliance on family, and asymmetric instrumental exchange. Nonkin "sponsors" provided assistance to those alienated from or abandoned by relatives. For those with late onset or episodic course, past accumulation of "social reserve" or "social capital" favored continuation of large networks. Size of social network was positively correlated with social function but bore little relation to psychopathology. PMID- 7233101 TI - Analysis of a schizophrenic psychosocial network. AB - The amorphous concept of social support systems merits construction of a conceptually coherent theoretical model linked to social theory and amenable to empirical investigation. The social network paradigm is presented as such a model. The model is further defined in terms of the intimate psychosocial network, which has been empirically studied with the Pattison Psychosocial Kinship Inventory. The characteristics of the normal network are shown to differ substantially in the schizophrenic network. The structure and functions of the schizophrenic network are illustrated in a case study analysis. The schizophrenic network is shown to exhibit dynamics that generate and perpetuate psychotic behavior. A strategy for network intervention is described, based on the model of structural change in the network social system. PMID- 7233102 TI - Schizophrenia: a network crisis. AB - The results of a study comparing the structure and function of the social networks of a group of first-admission schizophrenics with those of a group of multiple-admission schizophrenics are presented. Structurally, the networks of the first-admission patients are larger and more interconnected. Functionally, their networks have a greater percentage of multiplex and nondependent links. On the basis of these data, it is concluded that the most dramatic changes in social networks develop after the patient's first hospitalization. The dissolution of the patient's network is attributed to the antagonistic attitudes and reactions of those close to the patient, as well as to the patient's impaired social competence. Schizophrenia seemingly is a network crisis not only for the individual but for the network as a whole. It is suggested that active intervention at the time of the first psychotic episode may be helpful in avoiding network collapse and the patient's resultant social isolation. PMID- 7233103 TI - Stress, social supports, and schizophrenic disorders: toward an interactional model. AB - The present article proposes an interactional model of schizophrenic disorders in which three parameters of stressors (e.g. stressor category, stressor content, stressor descriptors) interact with four parameters of social networks/supports (e.g. structure, interactional properties, qualitative properties, functional indices) to produce a stress state characterized by positions along three orthogonal dimensions: overload-underload, positive-negative affect, high arousal low arousal. The stress state, it is speculated, is reciprocally related to various clinical dimensions, functional system impairments, quantitative response parameters, and qualitative response parameters which constitute the "schizophrenic" disorder. The basic point of the model is that the formative, precipitative, expressive, and maintaining forces of schizophrenic-type disorders are influenced by the simultaneous interaction of stressors, supports, and stress states. PMID- 7233104 TI - Coping and adaptation in high-risk populations: toward an integrative model. AB - The identification of factors that promote health in high-risk populations could increase our ability to understand and prevent the development of psychopathology. Although previous studies have suggested several coping variables that affect adaptation, these findings remain fragmentary and in need of integration within a multifactorial model. I propose studying the role of the social network in the coping process as an integrative framework for developing this model and describe two studies using this approach. In the first study of college students during final exams, low-density networks were associated with more satisfying emotional support. In the second study of recent young widows and mature women returning to college, low-density, multidimensional networks were again associated with more satisfying support, as well as better mood, fewer symptoms, and higher self-esteem. A coping strategy based on membership in such networks is described. This strategy integrates resources in several personal and environmental domains. Theoretical and empirical guidelines are suggested for delineating alternative coping strategies of equivalent adaptive value. PMID- 7233106 TI - Stress, social support, and schizophrenia. Discussion. AB - Articles by Dohrenwend and Egri, Lin et al., and Hammer are briefly discussed. The review by Dohrenwend is interpreted as supporting an inability to switch social roles in schizophrenia. Some principles and suggestions to guide long-term care of chronic patients are offered. PMID- 7233105 TI - Stress, social support, and schizophrenia. Discussion. AB - Three review articles (Dohrenwend and Egri 1981; Hammer 1981; Lin, Dean, and Ensel 1981) addressing various aspects of stress, social support, and schizophrenia are discussed. Phenomena so complex as these, involving simultaneously chemical, biological, physiological, social, and cultural systems, may require a different research paradigm than the simple unidirectional causal model used in most current studies. Perhaps a mutual causal paradigm will ultimately enhance our understanding by permitting more realistic assumptions about social processes. Three distinct network models are outlined: network as a set of links, network as generated structure, and flow network. Understanding of social support systems might be enhanced by the analysis of interpersonal resources in terms of categories discovered by Uriel and Edna Foa: love, status, information, services, goods, money. It is to be hoped that we will soon be able to work with methods and models that do not require oversimplifying assumptions. PMID- 7233108 TI - First person account: problems of living with schizophrenia. PMID- 7233107 TI - Planning for a schizophrenia research program: a prototype. AB - The present article describes the conduct of clinical psychiatric research in this highly sophisticated age of multidisciplinary investigations and long-term follow-ups. Planning proceeds in stages from initial discussions to statistical analysis. Observations and descriptions constitute the primary stuff from which conclusions may be obtained. However, the entire program needs sufficient flexibility to enable the original plan to be altered by additions, alterations, or deletions without harming the primary purposes. The contents are hardly new, but they need constant repetition. In fact we seem to have made little dent in a field redundant with reductionism and unanswerable questions. Objective ad subjective methods are increasingly becoming fused instead of being in conflict. Bit by bit, the planning continues throughout any research program which is varyingly exciting, boring, and again exciting, and some answers become apparent if not complete. PMID- 7233109 TI - Stress and schizophrenia: some definitional issues. AB - This article discusses definitional ambiguities in research on the role of stress in the etiology of schizophrenia. Implications of the change to DSM-III criteria are considered, as is the question of whether prior research samples have overincluded acute schizophrenics. It is suggested that the problem of defining schizophrenia's time of onset is one of the thorniest in this literature. Three different operational definitions of stress are examined. Stress may be considered a response involving disruption in homeostasis, or as a stimulus with objectively specifiable properties. Stress is also defined interactionally with reference to characteristics of the individual and the surrounding life context. Relative merits of the three definitions are evaluated, and an attempt is made to clarify the differentiation between formative and triggering effects of stress. Further study of the impact of remote life events on vulnerability is encouraged. PMID- 7233110 TI - Quality of life events and their relationship to strain. AB - The traditional view of life events is that the crucial factor is the number which occur within a defined time period. This was examined as part of a 2-year, prospective, longitudinal study of prospective, longitudinal study of 518 people, each of whom was interviewed every 6 months with Holmes and Rahe's Recent LIfe Change Questionnaire (RLCQ). The subject was asked if each event was anticipated or unanticipated, desirable or undesirable, and controllable or uncontrollable. Desirable, controlled, or anticipated ("positive") events did not correlate with strain, as measured by Langner's scale; whereas undesirable, uncontrolled, and unanticipated ("negative") events did. Subjects whose RLCQ scores comprised at least 75 percent positive events had significantly lower Langner scores than subjects with equivalent RLCQ totals, primarily negative ones. PMID- 7233111 TI - Patterns of emotional response in relatives of schizophrenic patients. AB - In an attempt to understand better the ways in which relatives' expressed emotion (EE) interacts with the patient's behavior to influence patterns of relapse, the correlates of EE have been examined. Four characteristics that tend to distinguish relatives who show high criticism and/or marked emotional overinvolvement from those who do not have been identified. These concern the relative's emotional reaction to the illness, views as to its legitimacy, level of tolerance/expectations, and level of intrusiveness with regard to the patient. PMID- 7233112 TI - Social supports, social networks, and schizophrenia. AB - This article considers the meaning of "social support" and its relationship to social networks, and discusses a structural approach to analysis of social connections in the study of schizophrenia. The concept of social supports is seen as methodologically more problematic and less strategic than the more structurally oriented concepts of social networks and social connections. It is argued that in terms of research strategy, if social connections are studied structurally as they change and develop over time, the impact of the specifically social processes can be better separated from that of the personal characteristics of the focal individual than seems possible with other approaches. Analysis of the properties of the networks around the focal individual, independently of that individual's own social behavior, can help to disentangle the interwoven complex of causes, characteristics, and consequences of schizophrenia. PMID- 7233113 TI - Social support and schizophrenia. AB - This essay is an introduction to a review of the literature on measurement of social support in schizophrenia. It proposes a natural history for the development of the career of the schizophrenic in his social network. The dimensions of social support in this illness are shown to be specific to it, and different from what has been described for other illnesses such as depression. Certain qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the clusters which make up the social network are suggested for study. PMID- 7233114 TI - Social support scales: a methodological note. AB - The relationship between social support and depression has implications for researchers studying schizophrenia. In this article, the authors attempt to conceptualize social support and assess the reliability and validity of its various measures. They then evaluate the ability of social support, along with stressors, to explain psychiatric symptoms. Representative data from a community survey of adults, ages 17-70, suggest that social support measures show strong relationships to depression and other psychiatric symptoms. The implications of these and other findings for the study of schizophrenia are discussed. PMID- 7233115 TI - Methodological issues in developing a scale to measure social support. AB - In recent years there has been considerable research and clinical interest in developing instruments to assess social supports available to individuals. There is, however, a notable deficiency of attempts to evaluate the psychometric properties of these questionnaires. The present article describes efforts made to evaluate the properties of a Social Relationship Scale (SRS) that was developed as part of a prospective study of the psychosocial influences on the health status of a population. Some descriptive scale statistics are also presented. PMID- 7233116 TI - Occupationally induced stress, strain and peak loads as related to age. AB - From six different type of work 120 men, aged 23--60 a, were classified according to the Ergonomic Job Description Questionnaire into four groups representing specific work content (producing forces, coordinating motor and sensory functions, converting information into reactions, and producing information). Work stress was assessed with measurements of oxygen consumption (VO2) and with the registration of the minutes spent at different stress levels. Relative aerobic strain (RAS) was defined as the VO2 during work as the percentage of VO2 max. Strain was measured with continuous recordings of heart rate during the workday. Peak loads were evaluated according to the relative number of minutes above the heart rate levels of 130, 150 and 170 beats/min. The VO2 during work was virtually identical in the age groups less than 35, 35--50 and greater than 50 a. The RAS tended to increase with age due to the decrease in VO2 max. The strain remained practically the same in all the age groups. In the group "coordinating motor and sensory functions" strain tended to increase with age. Peak loads over 150 beats/min were not rare for the older subjects. The results suggest that stress and strain during work remain practically the same as age increases. The RAS, however, tends to increase with age within groups doing mainly physical work and with exposures to peak loads. PMID- 7233117 TI - Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in Swedish paint industry workers. AB - Workers in the Swedish paint industry exposed to a mixture of organic solvents, mainly containing xylene or toluene, were investigated for genotoxic effects. No difference in the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), 0.192 and 0.193 per chromosome, respectively, was noted in the peripheral lymphocytes of the exposed group of 17 workers and their matched reference group. No correlation was found between xylene or toluene exposure and SCE frequency nor between total solvent exposure and SCE frequency. The frequency of chromosome aberrations was also investigated for the five most exposed workers and their matched referents, and no difference was found. There was no correlation between SCE and chromosome breaks. PMID- 7233118 TI - Increased sister chromatid exchange frequencies in lymphocytes of nurses handling cytostatic drugs. AB - In oncology units, personnel handling chemotherapeutic drugs may occasionally be exposed to small amounts of genotoxic agents. This exposure was obviously the cause of the increased frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) observed in nurses in daily contact with cytostatics (N = 20, mean SCEs/cell +/- SE 9.4 +/- 0.3) as compared to a group of office workers (N = 10, mean SCEs/cell 8.1 +/- 0.3). The oncology nurses also had a higher SCE frequency than other hospital nurses (N = 10, mean SCEs/cell 8.7 +/- 0.2), but this difference was not statistically significant. The SCEs of patients under chemotherapy were about five times higher (mean SCEs/cell 36.8 +/- 0.6) than those of healthy subjects. PMID- 7233119 TI - Occupational exposure to organic solvents and Hodgkin's disease in men. A case referent study. AB - A standardized personal interview schedule was used to study occupational exposure to organic solvents among 25 men aged 20-65 a with Hodgkin's disease and 50 referents matched for sex, age and residence. When exposure was defined as the handling of organic solvents every workday for at least 1 a within the 10-a period immediately preceding the interview, 12 of the Hodgkin's disease patients (48%) and six referents (12%) were occupationally exposed with a relative risk of 6.6 (p = 0.00005). For 9 of the 12 exposed Hodgkin's disease patients exposure to aromatic solvents was verified, and such exposure may well have occurred for the remaining three patients also. It was concluded that exposure to organic solvents may constitute an occupational risk with regard to Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7233120 TI - The ceramics industry and lead poisoning. Lead poisoning in relation to technology and jobs. AB - The investigation evaluates the risk of lead absorption for 288 ceramics industry workers. Cases were studied in relation to sex, type and length of exposure, production plant characteristics, and jobs performed. The difference linked with sex was amplified by the fact that men usually performed the decidedly higher risk jobs, such as those connected with the direct use of ceramic glazes, in which--although to a variable extent--high percentages of lead are used. In fact, decreasing amounts of lead absorption were found for workers engaged in the operations of glazing, kiln work, maintenance and decoration, selection coming last. It was concluded that, in the Italian ceramics industry, lead exposure is linked to the use of lead-rich glazes and that this exposure may thus vary according to the different jobs or different technological cycles. Although female workers primarily carry out decoration and selection jobs, they nonetheless show high levels of lead in their blood, exceeding 1.9 mu mol/l--the limit currently recommended for women. PMID- 7233121 TI - The ceramics industry and lead poisoning. Long-term testing. AB - The investigation evaluates the efficiency attributed to some measures (improvements in environment, individual health habits) in reducing the risk of lead poisoning in the ceramics industry. The evaluation of the average levels of lead in the blood of 154 exposed workers was carried out in four plants at a time interval of six to eight months. The study considers the variations in relation to possible measures brought about during the interval. A reduction of environmental risk was in effect shown by a clear improvement in the blood lead levels, which still, however, exceeded the internationally recommended limits in many of the subjects. It was concluded that further improvements can only be made by reducing the lead content of the glazes used. PMID- 7233122 TI - Anesthetic gases and occupational hazard. PMID- 7233123 TI - [Treatment with nitrate depot preparations and calcium antagonists]. AB - The pharmacology and mechanism of action of the "long-acting nitrates and calcium antagonists are reviewed. Their use in treating different forms of angina pectoris and in myocardial insufficiency is discussed. PMID- 7233124 TI - [Underdosing and overdosing with digitalis]. AB - Incorrect dosage of digitalis occurs frequently and is due in most cases to relative over- or underdosage. The narrow therapeutic range of all cardiac glycosides and the lack of an ideal preparation form the basis, and noncompliance of the ill-informed patient as well as the changing digitalis requirement from patient to patient, and even in the same patient, are the most frequent causes of dosage errors. Important guidelines for the dosage of digoxin and digitoxin (renal failure, diseases of the liver and gastrointestinal tract, body weight, age, electrolyte disorders, hypoxia, thyroid dysfunction and drug interactions) are discussed. Symptoms, signs and treatment of underdigitalization and digitalis intoxication, a frequent and often lethal complication, are reviewed. PMID- 7233125 TI - [The treatment of arrhythmias with amiodarone]. AB - The efficacy of amiodarone in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias is discussed in the light of published results and our own experience. Oral and intravenous administration are compared with respect to electrophysiologic changes in the heart. The possibility that these changes are mediated by amiodarone-induced inhibition of metabolic pathways in cardiac tissue which depends on thyroid hormone is discussed. Among the undesirable effects, chief consideration is given to thyroid function disturbances. PMID- 7233126 TI - [The determination of drug blood levels: when? which?]. AB - Blood levels of drugs are easy to prescribe but remain difficult to interpret. They are almost useless if pharmacologic effects are measurable. Indications for measurement of blood levels are absence of measurable effects, narrow therapeutic margin, anticipated changes in pharmacokinetics or lack of response. For the interpretation of the results of such determinations a knowledge of at least some basic principles in pharmacology and kinetics is necessary. PMID- 7233127 TI - [The prevalence of hypertension in patients with roentgenologic signs of pyelonephritis in intravenous pyelography]. PMID- 7233128 TI - [Ischemic hepatitis. Clinico-pathological presentation of 2 cases]. AB - Just before death, two female patients with congestive heart failure exhibited marked elevation of cytolytic hepatic enzymes, suggesting the diagnosis of viral hepatitis. Histologic examination of autopsy material led us to conclude in both cases on the presence of extensive and confluent ischemic centrizonal necrosis (shock liver). This picture probably reflected the consequences of liver perfusion failure. Ischemic hepatitis is the association of shock liver with marked elevation of transaminases. PMID- 7233129 TI - [The effect of hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride alone or in combination with alpha methyldopa on serum lipoproteins]. PMID- 7233130 TI - [Arthrography of the ankle, its use in indications for surgery of sprains]. AB - The attitude toward severe spraining of the ankle is reviewed. Where at least one ligament is torn, it is now well established that only surgery can ensure stability of the ankle. To ascertain whether a ligament is torn, three tests are available: anteroposterior varus stress film, anterior subluxation of the talus tests in comparison with the operative observations showed that: - Arthrography is the most accurate test, without any false positive or false negative results if performed within 48 hours. - Anterior subluxation of the talus is also a good test, but less accurate (12% false negative). - Anteroposterior varus stress film provides only gross information which is difficult to interpret. PMID- 7233131 TI - [Pseudohyperchloremia in bromide poisoning]. AB - Hyperchloremia in a patient with intoxication by a bromide containing mixture is described. Loss of the normal anion gap in combination with hyperchloremia is only seen in bromide intoxication. An explanation for this observation is suggested. PMID- 7233132 TI - [Bladder cancer and malignant melanoma following Endoxan therapy of a lymphoproliferative disease]. PMID- 7233133 TI - [Pathophysiology, clinical aspects and therapy of gastro-esophageal reflux disease]. AB - The motility disturbances nd chemical factors which produces reflux oesophagitis and the findings which establish Barrett's oesophagus as a potential precancerous lesion are briefly reviewed. Controlled trials on the medical treatment of reflux oesophagitis are reported. PMID- 7233134 TI - [Clinical suspicion of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria]. AB - During the year 1979, 28 out of 95 patients with positive culture for acid-fast bacilli exhibited non-tuberculous mycobacteria (29.5%). In 15 cases the radiological and clinical findings were consistent with the diagnosis of tuberculosis, but only in one case (cutaneous lesion) was the pathology due to the mycobacteria isolated whereas in all others the bacteria was a saprophyte. This study suggests that non-tuberculous mycobacteria may be more frequent than expected in our region, and demonstrates the importance of their precise identification in order to stop their treatment. Nevertheless, in case of doubt and until identification results are obtained, such patients must be treated as probable tuberculosis cases. PMID- 7233135 TI - [The mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki syndrome). A case with gallbladder hydrops and coronary artery aneurysm]. AB - Report on a case of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) with typical course, transient hydrops of the gallbladder and aneurysmatic dilatation of the left coronary artery diagnosed by bidimensional echocardiography. Diagnosis and therapy of the disease are discussed. PMID- 7233136 TI - [Fertility in Turner's syndrome]. AB - A case of Turner's syndrome (45,X0/47,XXX) with two pregnancies is reported. aplasia of the right kidney and uterus bicornis were also found. The two children are well and psychomotor development was normal. Only 28 cases (6 of which were without known mosaic) have been described in which pregnancies were also reported. Abortion and stillbirth are frequent and the rate of malformation is high. PMID- 7233137 TI - [Use of antibiotics in ambulatory practice]. PMID- 7233138 TI - [Changes in autonomic functions in diabetic neuropathy: cardiovascular reflexes and sweating]. AB - Failure of autonomic functions in diabetes has been investigated. Cardiovascular reflexes, and thermoregulation during heat exposure, were studied in 11 diabetic patients. Five had clinical signs of sensorimotor neuropathy and 6 served as age- and sex-matched controls. The subjects were studied by the following tests: orthostatic test, Valsalva, beat-to-beat variation during normal and forced respiration, and analysis of urinary catecholamines. Thermoregulation was measured for 80 minutes, at an ambient temperature of 37 degrees C, in a gradient layer direct calorimeter measuring evaporative heat losses with a precision of +/ 1 watt. The cardiovascular tests showed a relationship between the sensorimotor defects and the autonomic dysfunctions. The beat-to-beat variation was found to be the most sensitive test, the Valsalva and orthostatic test being respectively less so. However, the diabetic patients' autonomic disorders were not associated with a significant decrease in evaporative heat losses. The internal temperature (esophageal) at which sweating began (set point) was higher in some of the neuropathic diabetics than in the controls. Once the set point had been reached, however, the increase in evaporative heat losses was greater in diabetics than in controls. These findings can be accounted for by zones of compensatory hypersweating in patients with polyneuropathy. The changes in evaporative heat loss pattern may represent an early alteration in autonomic diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 7233139 TI - [Stenosing ganglioneuromatosis of the small intestine with ileus and ileal rupture]. AB - Report on a 64-year-old man who presented with ileus and rupture of the ileum due to diffuse ganglioneuromatosis of the small bowel. The patient had a 16-year history of recurrent ileus. In addition, there were clinical and radiographic signs of an inflammatory bowel affection which were interpreted as Crohn's disease, a diagnosis which could not be proven by pathologic examination of the resection specimen. The features of intestinal ganglioneuromatosis and its possible relation to the accompanying inflammation are discussed in the light of the pertinent literature. PMID- 7233140 TI - [Urinary and serum hydroxyproline in the diagnosis of bone metastases of prostatic cancer]. AB - Of 31 patients with prostatic cancer, 21 have skeletal metastases proven by bone scintigraphy and/or radiology. The sensitivity and specificity of the following measurements are compared: total urinary hydroxyproline, urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio, free serum hydroxyproline, alkaline and prostatic phosphatases and serum calcium. The hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio is the most sensitive measurement for the diagnosis of bone metastasis, while total urinary hydroxyproline excretion per 24 hours is the most specific. Free serum hydroxyproline has no particular significance for this diagnosis. The alkaline and acid phosphatases are elevated but are not specific. Serum calcium decreases when skeletal metastases are present. PMID- 7233141 TI - [Subjective visual disorders caused by corrections of eyeglasses or contact lenses in cataract patients after lens extraction]. AB - The conventional optical correction given to patients after lens extraction consists of cataract glasses or contact lenses. However, patients fitted with either of these devices are known to have difficulty with some everyday activities and to experience visual disturbances. Using a questionnaire in 43 patients, the frequency of these disturbances was investigated and an attempt was made to define problems specific for glasses or contact lenses. Finally, the tendency of the visual impairment to improve with time was considered. Walking downstairs was the activity most frequently affected, followed by sewing, walking upstairs, shopping and reading. There was little possibility of adaptation. The "Jack-in-the-box" phenomenon and restriction of the visual field were the most common disturbances, and they did not tend to improve. Magnification of the retinal image and all the other specific visual disturbances did, however, improve markedly with time. In conclusion, virtually all the patients were satisfied with their aphacia correction. PMID- 7233142 TI - [Physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment of esophageal reflux]. AB - The important nervous and hormonal regulation mechanisms which play a role in the prevention of esophageal reflux are discussed. By manometry of the inferior esophageal sphincter, esophageal pH-metry and acid clearance it is possible to demonstrate disturbance of the continency function in most patients with reflux esophagitis. The value of these methods is compared with other conventional methods in 40 patients. The medical means of restoring esophageal continency are reviewed. PMID- 7233143 TI - [Development and disappearance of infectious diseases]. PMID- 7233144 TI - [Glucose solution to improve the treatment results in acute bovine mastitis]. PMID- 7233145 TI - [Possible etiological importance of the hay mite in lung diseases of the horse]. PMID- 7233146 TI - [Epidemiologic studies of trichinosis of wild animals in Belgium. Preliminary findings and occurrence in food]. PMID- 7233147 TI - [Attempt to explain the positive effect of long-term anticoagulant therapy of podotrochlosis in horses]. PMID- 7233148 TI - [Canine piroplasmosis (babesiasis): imported hemoprotozoiasis under surveillance in Belgium]. PMID- 7233149 TI - Countercurrent systems in animals. PMID- 7233150 TI - Active products of porcine trypsin after autolysis. AB - Porcine trypsin obtained from pancreas residues subsequent to insulin removal undergoes autolysis when subjected to chromatography and gives rise to new forms of autolyzed products with intra-chain split at bonds Lys145-Ala146 and Arg105 Val106. Incubation of 1% solutions of porcine trypsin either at pH 5.0 or at pH 9.1 induces autolysis to give active products involving one or two specific cleavages of bonds Lys145-Ala146 and Arg105-Val106 or Lys131-Ser132, as well as inactive degraded products. No evidence has been obtained that on autolysis of porcine trypsin, and active fragment with molecular weight lower than that of the parent molecule was identified. The active forms of autolyzed products of porcine trypsin have almost the same specific activity as the intact enzyme when assayed against BAEE. They are of the same molecular weight as the parent molecule. These findings indicate that that active forms of autolyzed products maintain the specific three-dimensional structure essential for the catalytic activity of the trypsin molecule. PMID- 7233151 TI - The nature of the RNA products synthesized in vitro with a cell-free extract from TMV-infected tobacco leaves. AB - A cell-free extract containing TMV-RNA replicase was prepared from TMV-infected tobacco leaves. It could synthesize double-stranded RNAs in the presence of four nucleoside triphosphates (among them, UTP was tritium-labelled), magnesium ion and actinomycin D. It was confirmed by polyacrylamide-agarose gel electrophoresis, RNase treatment, thermal denaturation and self annealing that 3H ds RNAs, obtained from phenol-SDS extraction and Serva cellulose column chromatography, consisted of replicative form (RF) and replicative intermediate (RI) of TMV-RNA, with molecular weights of 40 X 10(6) and 5.0 X 10(6), respectively. Molecular hybridization competition experiment showed that 60-70% of the nascent RNAs in the 3H-ds RNA were plus strand of tMV-RNA. PMID- 7233153 TI - Concentration differences between serum and plasma of the elements cobalt, iron, mercury, rubidium, selenium and zinc determined by neutron activation analysis. AB - The differences in concentrations of cesium, cobalt, iron, mercury, rubidium, selenium and zinc between serum and plasma were examined with the aid of instrumental neutron activation analysis. Eighty serum and plasma samples obtained from 13 donors were compared. Serum was prepared in plastic tubes immediately after clotting, and plasma was separated with heparin as anticoagulant. No significant differences in the concentrations of cesium, cobalt, mercury and selenium were observed. However, the concentrations of iron, rubidium and zinc were significantly higher in serum than in plasma. The average differences were 322, 12 and 20 ng/ml for iron rubidium and zinc, respectively. The average differences found for cesium, rubidium and zinc were far below that which can be expected from a complete, or considerable release of these elements from platelets which aggregate or disintegrate during the clotting process in preparing serum. PMID- 7233152 TI - Uptake of lead by vegetable foodstuffs during cooking. AB - Uptake of Pb by foodstuffs during cooking has been identified as an additional potential source of human exposure to Pb. Vegetables and rice cooked in water containing Pb may adsorb up to 80% of the Pb in the water. The amount of Pb adsorbed was dependent upon the concentration of Pb in the water, type of vegetable, water hardness, salting of the water, duration of cooking and the available surface-area of the vegetables. Substantial deposition of Pb also occurred on the surfaces of the saucepan itself (Al greater than enamel greater than Teflon), with subsequent desorption under certain cooking conditions. During tea-making, the concentration of Pb in water was reduced by 30-40% due to adsorption of Pb by the tea-bags. The dietary significance of the adsorption of Pb by foodstuffs during cooking as an additional source of human Pb uptake is assessed. PMID- 7233154 TI - Fluoride cycles in an estuarine ecosystem. AB - The environment of the south eastern section of Kooragang Island shows visible evidence of injury, some of which is attributable to fluorides. Measurements of fluoride concentrations in mangrove, glasswort, seablite, pigface, water couch, house mouse, slaters, insects and soil indicated elevated fluoride concentrations in these components of the Kooragang Island environment, when compared with values obtained at an ecologically similar but relatively unpolluted environment at Karuah. Evidence is presented which indicates that fluorides are transmitted from vegetation to herbivores and on to carnivores along food chains. The possibility of fluoride cycling from vegetation to soils and from vegetation and soils to some elements of the wildlife is discussed. The fluoride concentrations reported are generally in agreement with earlier reports in other studies of fluorides in wildlife in similarly polluted, but climatically different environments, in various parts of the world. PMID- 7233155 TI - Radiochemically determined trace element contents of pig's and cow's blood used in membrane feeding of tsetse flies. AB - Blood of pigs and cows from Langford/Bristol (U.K.) and Hannover (F.R.G.) used in membrane feeding of tsetse flies was analysed for 21 trace elements; an influence of the location of origin was not detectable. Between the two host species a significant difference of the element content was established for bromine, copper, rubidium, and zinc; if this observation is responsible for the different nutritive value of pig's and cow's blood it cannot be identified from the present experiment. PMID- 7233156 TI - Salmonella and other pathogenic bacteria. AB - The bacterial origin of waterborne diseases was discovered at the turn of this century. Introduction of slow sandfiltration, chlorination, and bacteriological control dates back to the same period. Although greater concern is given to-day to chemical pollutants or to viruses, bacteria are still a menace to countries with advanced water treatment. Within the last decade outbreaks were reported in Europe and the US due to Salmonella types, Shigella, E. coli, and to Vibrio cholerae, generally due to deficiencies in treatment, and often caused by smaller private works. A wider spectrum of bacteria must be taken into consideration to day, Enterobacteriaceae are still the most important including Yersinia, E. coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. The opportunistic microorganisms (pseudomonads, Acinetobacter, Campylobacter, Aeromonas, Flavobacterium) can also be a danger. PMID- 7233157 TI - The influence of elevated levels of sodium in drinking water on elementary and high school students in Massachusetts. AB - Continuing epidemiologic studies at the University of Massachusetts have examined the hypothesis that elevated levels of sodium (Na) in drinking water contribute to elevations of blood pressure (BP). Comparing tenth graders from a town with 107 mg Na/L in the drinking water to those from a town with 8 mg Na/L, revealed statistically significant and medically important higher BP distributions among the high Na town students relative to their low Na town peers for both systolic and diastolic BP in both boys and girls. The differences were upheld when potentially confounding factors, including dietary Na intake and other water factors occurring differentially in the two water supplies, were controlled in the analysis. A replication study among third graders in the same communities showed similar results. Most recently, an experimental bottled water study assessed the effect on blood pressure of lowering Na concentration in the water of some of the high sodium community fourth graders. For three months trios of children matched by sex, school, and baseline BP each used different water for all cooking and drinking purposes, with BP monitored bi-weekly. Pupils were randomly allocated to the three water conditions: 1) high sodium water bottled from their own community distribution system, 2) low sodium water bottled from the distribution system of the comparison community with sodium added to the level of the high sodium community water and 3) low sodium water bottled from the distribution system of the low sodium community but with no sodium added. Preliminary results indicate the BP levels of the girls on the low sodium water exhibited marked decreases in BP over the test period when compared to the other two groups. PMID- 7233158 TI - Sensory evaluation of drinking water by consumer panels. AB - The human senses play an important role in assessing the quality of food and of the environment. Particularly the chemical senses of taste and smell determine the pleasantness of foods and drinks and may provide a warning mechanism for the presence of more or less toxic contaminants. Even after the recent rapid development of powerful analytical techniques the human nose can easily detect trace amounts of chemicals at levels many times lower than the analytical detection limits. Although taste and odour assessment of drinking water has been practiced in many waterworks laboratories by small panels, relatively unreliable results were obtained and such sensory data played up till now only a minor role in the management of the water treatment plant. More sophisticated and reliable methods for sensory water quality evaluation are discussed. Special attention is given to the characteristics of the human senses of taste and smell, to which the methodology of sensory assessment should be better adapted. High numbers of observations on a sample are generally needed, for which purpose the use of large panels has to be realized. In this respect the help of large consumer panels is an alternative for the presently often used small laboratory groups. As an example the preliminary results of a large ongoing experiment of sensory water quality assessment by 2 consumer panels of 100 persons each in the Rotterdam area are discussed. Drinking water quality is judged at the consumer homes every week. The experiment started September 1979 and will be continued for one year. PMID- 7233159 TI - Health related studies of organic compounds in relation to re-use in the United Kingdom. AB - Approximately one third of the water supplies in the United Kingdom are derived from lowland rivers receiving industrial and domestic effluent and in some cases the level of indirect re-use may be high. Research, funded by the Department of the Environment, is being undertaken to identify any potentially hazardous organic compounds that may be present in such supplies and to determine whether there is evidence of any effects on the health of the relevant populations. Analysis of drinking water from various types of source has shown that a wide variety of organic compounds is present in drinking water derived from groundwater and polluted lowland rivers but with few exceptions concentrations are much higher in the latter case. The mutagenicity screening of water samples as a means of directing analytical effort at the substances of greatest potential health significance is being investigated. In a study of cancer mortality in 29 London boroughs an association between high levels of re-use and cancers of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts disappeared when socioeconomic characteristics and borough size were taken into account. A national study is now being undertaken. PMID- 7233160 TI - Epidemiological studies on cancer and organic compounds in U.S. drinking waters. AB - Two national surveys of U. S. drinking waters have been conducted to determine the presence and concentration levels of organic compounds, particularly trihalomethanes. Most drinking water supplies from surface water sources have been shown to contain numerous organic compounds at very low levels. Chloroform is present in virtually all drinking water supplies that are treated with chlorine as a disinfectant. The health effects of organic compounds have been investigated by animal and epidemiological studies. Numerous epidemiological studies have been conducted on various geographic sections of the United States. Fourteen epidemiological studies that were hypothesis generating studies were conducted to determine if there is a positive association between drinking water and increased cancer mortality. These studies may indicate which organ(s) might potentially be the affected organ(s). Further epidemiological studies that tested various hypotheses were conducted. A summary of these studies is presented, which indicates that there is potentially an increased risk of bladder, colon, and rectum cancer from drinking waters containing trihalomethanes. PMID- 7233161 TI - Report of the NATO/CCMS drinking water pilot study on health aspects of drinking water contaminants. AB - Various methods of disinfection are being successfully used to control water borne diseases due to biological contaminants in water (viruses, bacteria, protozoa). These methods of chemical control are adding chemical contaminants to the drinking water. For example, trihalomethanes may be formed by the interaction of chlorine with humic and/or fulvic acids. In addition, chemical contaminants may arise from natural, agricultural, industrial or distributional sources. Acute or chronic exposures to these chemicals may result in adverse health effects that are immediate or delayed, reversible or irreversible. Since these contaminants rarely occur singly, chemical interactions (additives, synergistic, antagonistic) must be considered. The nature of the adverse health effects can usually be determined from properly designed and executed animal experiments and/or human epidemiological studies. Potentially toxic agents may also be identified by the use of short term or in vitro tests. Other methods of identification of potentially toxic agents include chemical similarity with known toxicants. Attempts should be made to reduce the number of potentially toxic chemical contaminants but the microbiological quality of drinking water must not be compromised. PMID- 7233162 TI - Treatment: improvement or deterioration of water quality? AB - The formation of trihalomethanes through chlorination has shown very clearly that water treatment processes may adversely affect water quality. There are many more examples of such effects, including the following which are discussed in detail: 1. Formation of organohalogen compounds in addition to trihalomethanes by chlorination and other oxidation processes. 2. Formation of more polar, more biodegradable organics by ozonation for example, and the consequent increase in bacterial growth in the distribution system. 3. Formation and removal of organic and inorganic corrosion inhibitors by treatment, and the consequent higher heavy metal concentrations in tap water. PMID- 7233163 TI - Chlorine, is there a better alternative? AB - In brief, the current status of our present knowledge regarding alternatives to free chlorine is as follows: 1. Biocidal Capabilities - Ozone is the most potent biocide of those under consideration. Chlorine dioxide is about on a par with hypochlorous acid, the most efficient form of free residual chlorine. Chlorine dioxide, in contrast to free residual chlorine, increases in efficiency as pH increases above 6. Chloramine is a much weaker biocide than hypochlorite ion, the least inefficient form of free residual chlorine. 2. Health effects - All of the potential alternatives may cause some adverse health effects. Chlorite and chlorate, two of the reaction products of chlorine dioxide, have been shown to cause a subclinical apparently compensated hemolytic anemia in rats. On the other hand, according to very preliminary studies, chlorine and all of the alternatives except chlorine dioxide have been shown to produce reaction products from substances in water that can initiate tumors in mice. Actually, all disinfectants are reactive molecules capable of altering the chemical nature of organic substances present in the water. Thus, the alternative disinfectants question relates to other aspects of water treatment particularly the use of processes for organic precursor removal prior to disinfection. 3. Technology and Economics - The simplest and most economical conversion for many utilities, would be to the use of chloramines and the most difficult and expensive would be to the use of ozone. Conversion to chlorine dioxide would be intermediate in cost. PMID- 7233164 TI - Advantages and disadvantages of chemical oxidation and disinfection by ozone and chlorine dioxide. AB - Ozone and chlorine dioxide present definite advantages and disadvantages over chlorination. Chlorination, particularly for the removal of ammonia and the maintenance of a disinfectant residual in the distribution system has decisive advantages and will be difficult to replace. Ozone and chlorine dioxide seem to produce fewer carcinogenic by-products but the risk for acute toxicity, especially from the chlorites which follow chlorine dioxide, is higher than with chlorine. Chlorine dioxide and more particularly ozone should be considered as useful complements to chlorination, but no strong oxidative treatment should be applied before most of the organic matter has been removed. PMID- 7233165 TI - Studies of water quality and cardiovascular disease in the United Kingdom. AB - The British Regional Heart Study aims at determining factors responsible for the marked regional variations in cardiovascular disease in Great Britain. PHASE I is a retrospective study of cardiovascular mortality with water quality (hardness and more than 20 other water parameters have been studied), climate, air pollution, socio-economic and genetic factors. An association between water hardness and cardiovascular mortality is reaffirmed, towns with soft water tending to have higher death rates than towns with hard water. This relationship is somewhat weakened after allowing for climatic and socio-economic factors but remains statistically significant for both coronary heart disease and stroke. After adjustment for other factors, soft water areas (around 0.25 mmol/l) have a 10-15% higher cardiovascular mortality that areas of medium hardness (around 1.70 mmol/l) whereas any further increase beyond 1.70 mmol/l has little extra lowering effect on cardiovascular mortality. PMID- 7233166 TI - How to apply surface water storage from a health point of view. AB - Surface water storage for the drinking water supply can be used for different purposes. 1. To bridge periods, in which no or not enough water can be withdrawn from the river (periods of low flow). 2. To bridge periods in which direct use of surface water is impossible because of: * a calamity in the upstream area * the concentration of certain polluting substances in the surface water is higher than the norms or acceptable levels (for instance in periods of low flow). 3. As a first step in the treatment process, quality improvement can be achieved by * levelling the concentration of non degradable substances * lowering the level of degradable substances. The reduction can often be approximated with degradation models of zero or first order. * selective intake. The design of the reservoirs must be such that the object(s) in view are achieved as good as possible. The installation and management must take care to prevent quality deterioration and if possible to contribute to an improved quality of the final drinking water. PMID- 7233167 TI - WHO International Drinking Water Standards revised. PMID- 7233168 TI - Directive of the European Communities relating to the quality of water for human consumption. AB - A draft directive relating to the quality of water for human consumption was submitted on 22 July 1975 to the Council of Ministers of the European Communities. The submission of this proposition was requested by the Council of Ministers in the Action Programme of the European Communities on the environment, approved by them on 22 November 1973. The objective is the protection of public health by establishing standards to be respected by the Member States. This directive was adopted by the Council of Ministers of the European Communities June 30, 1980. This report deals with technical aspects of this directive and gives some additional comments. PMID- 7233169 TI - Cooperative research on water quality and health parameters in the European Community. AB - Research programmes planned and sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) are executed by the Joint Research Centre which belongs to the Community (direct action) and through the collaboration of research institutions of the member countries (indirect action). In the latter case national laboratories carry out investigations under contract with the CEC thus providing scientific and technological data needed in the implementation of Community policies in various fields such as Agriculture, Industrial Affairs, Energy, Environment. To sustain the Community policy on the environment, adopted in 1973, the CEC proposed and the Council of the EC approved, in parallel with direct action programmes, the first Environmental Research Programme of indirect action for the period 1973-1975 and the second Environmental Research Programme of indirect action for the period 1976-1980. Both programmes have contributed to improve the understanding of problems concerning the presence of pollutants in the environment and their ecological and health effects. PMID- 7233170 TI - Strategies for water supply systems in developing countries. AB - Among the major water supply problems in developing countries are the lack of qualified manpower, inadequate management, and limited financial resources. Trained personnel is not only deficient in many of the water agencies, but also in ministries, health agencies, community organizations and labour categories of all kinds. Operation and maintenance, quality control and revenue collection leave much to be desired. The scarce resources are barely or not at all sufficient to scope with the day to day problems, let alone with investments for the future. These situations differ considerably from region to region. Several countries may have manpower available but lack finance. Others may have ample funds, but have a shortage of trained people. Many have neither of them. Management problems occur almost everywhere. Each of the countries has its own options and constraints for future developments. In many developing countries there is also a serious scarcity of water resources. In these countries the introduction of water reuse practices would be an obvious option. The policies and the choice of technologies however, should be seen in the light of these countries overriding problems. PMID- 7233171 TI - The control of potential health risks related to drinking water in the UK. AB - In the United Kingdom, potable water put into supply is required to be 'wholesome'. The term 'wholesome' is interpreted as clear, palatable and safe to drink. About 99% of potable supplies are provided by Regional Water Authorities and Water Companies (for England and Wales), Regional Councils and Island Councils (for Scotland) and the Department of the Environment (NI) (for Northern Ireland). These water authorities draw their raw water from upland surface waters, lowland surface waters (including lakes and rivers) and underground waters. Although each source provides approximately one-third of supply, the proportion varies considerably in different parts of the UK. Consequently the control of potential health risks related to drinking water also varies according to the source of supply. The paper describes briefly the treatment practice for the various sources, including disinfection practice. More specifically the paper describes current UK practice or developments in the control or investigation of plumbosolvency, fluoridation, nitrate, trihalomethanes, other organic micropollutants, sodium, asbestos and tar linings in pipes. The possibilities for the surveillance of the 1% of private supplies are also discussed. PMID- 7233172 TI - National policy to control hazardous drinking water constituents in The Netherlands. PMID- 7233173 TI - EPA policies to protect the health of consumers of drinking water in the United States. AB - In the United States our objective is to protect drinking water at the source, during treatment and during distribution. In 1975 interim regulations for bacteria and turbidity, 10 inorganic chemicals, 6 organic chemicals and radionuclides were promulgated. In 1979 National Secondary Regulations for substances affecting the aesthetic quality of water were promulgated. In 1979 trihalomethanes were added. The United States is engaged in comprehensive revisions of the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. The areas of our most significant concern include detection and control of contamination of ground waters by organic chemicals resulting from improper waste disposal practices, a reassessment of microbiological regulations and toxicity of disinfectant by products and a major effort to deal with corrosion-related contamination of drinking water during distribution. We are evaluating the issue of a granular activated carbon requirement for contaminated surface waters. A program to assure the quality of direct and indirect additives to drinking water has also been initiated. Part of this activity will include determination of the contaminants and by-products associated with the use of various water treatment chemicals and pipe materials. PMID- 7233174 TI - Water hardness and mortality in the Netherlands. AB - In 1975 central water softening was discouraged by the Public Health Council because of the statistical negative association found in 23 communities between the hardness of drinking water and death rate from Ischemic Heart Disease (I.H.D.) over the period 1958-1970. Further studies were carried out during the last decade by a specially assigned interdisciplinary Working Group of the Health Aspects of Central Water Softening. Recent studies showed that the release of metals (Pb and Cu) from household water distribution pipes was positively correlated with water calcium. Furthermore a significant negative correlation was found between hardness and pH for these types of water. The hypothesis that the Ca and Mg deficiency in areas with soft drinking water increases the risk of I.H.D. death rate was supported by the finding that food looses more Ca and Mg when it is cooked in soft water as compared to cooking in hard water. In contrast with earlier statistical investigations no significant relations were found over the period 1970-1977 between I.H.D. mortality and hardness of drinking water in 30 municipalities. The disappearance of the statistical relation could not be attributed to changes in water hardness. However, investigation of a group of 17 municipalities of which mortality and water quality data are known for three periods, 1958-1962, 1965-1970 and 1971-1977, showed that the inverse statistical relation between I.H.D. mortality and water hardness still existed but with decreasing significance of correlation coefficients. The provisional conclusion of the Working Group is that other factors than water hardness overrule to a large extent the potential effect on I.H.D. mortality. Central water softening down to 2-3 meq/l Ca probably will have no observable effect on mortality. Other studies are still continuing. In 1981 a final report will be presented to the Minister of Health and Environmental Protection. PMID- 7233175 TI - Volatile halogenated compounds (VOHal) in drinking waters of the FRG. PMID- 7233176 TI - Water supply and health, balancing between questions and answers. PMID- 7233177 TI - German studies on health effects of inorganic drinking water constituents. AB - The influence of drinking water quality on mortality and morbidity of various diseases has been studied for more than 20 years. From these diseases, those of the cardiovascular system have been playing a special role. Better and more specified information on the differences in the composition of drinking water may essentially contribute to a solution of the problem of association between water quality and the incidence of diseases. In more than 600 water supply areas in the Federal Republic of Germany the composition of the drinking water has been analyzed. From these data, areas of different water quality are to be selected for additional investigations of the problem of health relevance of drinking water quality. So far, the following constituents of drinking water have been measured: Na, Ca, Mg, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, SO4, PO4, NO3, NO2, Cl, F, I, etc. The methods of analysis used were atomic absorption spectrometry, plasma emission spectrometry, and ion chromatography. Additionally, more than 19 000 data on drinking water in accordance with standard analytic procedures under the Drinking Water Regulations are available in a comprehensive data bank (BIBIDAT). There have been studies establishing associations between water hardness and cardiovascular diseases but also studies which do not confirm this association or even present converse results. Also water constituents like magnesium, cadmium, etc. have been associated with cardiovascular diseases. Some investigations have shown correlations between e.g. the concentration of fluoride in drinking water and caries or iodide and goitre. PMID- 7233178 TI - Lead in drinking water and health. PMID- 7233179 TI - The need to control asbestos fibers in potable water supply systems. AB - Occupational studies have shown that asbestos is a human carcinogen. Because many inhaled asbestos fibers deposited in the lung are cleared and swallowed, workers are also exposed through ingestion. Of the millions of current and former workers who have been heavily exposed to asbestos, one in ten will die from cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. A number on the order of 1 in 1,000 ingested asbestos fibers penetrate the digestive tract and ingested fibers have been recovered in such tissues as kidney, intestine, liver, and urine. One animal study showed tumor production related to ingestion of asbestos-containing material but, in general, the results of seven animal feeding studies have been inconclusive. A statistically significant relationship between male lung and stomach cancer and female peritoneal, gall bladder, and esophageal cancer and asbestos counts in drinking water was determined in one epidemiology study. Increased rates for male stomach and lung, and female pancreatic cancer related to asbestos in drinking water were reported in another study but possible occupational exposure made it difficult to draw conclusions. Data on excess gastrointestinal cancer among occupational groups has been used to estimate that drinking water containing 300,000 asbestos fibers per liter over a lifetime will result in one additional cancer among 100,000 people. PMID- 7233180 TI - The mutation component of genetic damage. AB - The mutation component, M, is a measure of the proportion of the impact of a genetic condition that is attributable to recurrent mutation. For a trait maintained by balance between mutation and directional selection, M is approximately the broad-sense heritability; for a measured character where the mean and optimum coincide, M is about half the heritability. If the narrow-sense heritability is high, the impact changes relatively rapidly with a change in mutation rate. If the narrow-sense heritability is low, M cannot be predicted, but the change in impact following a change in mutation rate, if any, is very slow. PMID- 7233181 TI - News of bone research causes fracture. PMID- 7233182 TI - Cultural diversity tied to genetic differences. PMID- 7233183 TI - Photoperiodic control and effects of melatonin on nonshivering thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue. AB - Exposure to a short photoperiod improved the thermogenic capacity, and cold resistance of Djungarian hamsters and increased the respiratory power of their brown adipose tissue. Exposure to a long photoperiod caused a decrease in thermogenic measurements. This thermotropic action of the short photoperiod was detectable only during late summer and fall. A similar thermotropic response could be elicited by implanting hamsters with melatonin, indicating that the pineal may be involved in photoperiodic control of thermoregulatory effectors. PMID- 7233184 TI - Cystinuria in the maned wolf of South America. AB - Of 42 maned wolves in zoos or live-trapped in Brazil, 34 had excessive cystine in their urine. Renal clearance studies of five of the affected wolves revealed a variable defect for the reabsorption of cystine and dibasic amino acids. The renal tubular handling of other solutes including glucose, phosphate, sodium, potassium, and uric acid was considered normal. Urinary calculi composed of cystine were found in four wolves and proved fatal in three of them. With the exception of the high incidence in this species, this hereditary disease resembles the disorder described in dogs and humans. PMID- 7233185 TI - Membrane fusion through point defects in bilayers. AB - Fusion between bilayers of mixed egg phosphatidylcholine and soybean phosphatidylethanolamine was induced by freezing and thawing. Contact points between bilayers were observed by freeze fracture electron microscopy, and isotropic molecular motional averaging was detected by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance under fusion conditions. A molecular model of point defect structure is proposed as an intermediate stage of fusion. PMID- 7233186 TI - Elastin fragments attract macrophage precursors to diseased sites in pulmonary emphysema. AB - This study suggests one mechanism by which alveolar macrophages accumulate in the lung in pulmonary emphysema: elastin fragments generated at the diseased sites are potent chemoattractants for monocytes, the precursors of the macrophages. The most chemotactic elastin fragments have a molecular weight between 10,000 and 50,000 and are active at concentrations as low as 3 nanograms per milliliter. By comparison, elastin fragments with higher molecular weights and desmosines are active at concentrations greater than 0.3 microgram per milliliter. In addition, preincubation of monocytes with the 10,000- to 50,000-dalton elastin impairs the ability of the cells to migrate toward elastin fragments but not toward activated serum. Fragments of tropoelastin are not chemotactic for monocytes. Because elastin, but not tropoelastin, contains lysyl-derived cross-links, these structures may be the active chemotactic site on the elastin fragments. PMID- 7233187 TI - Didemnins: antiviral and antitumor depsipeptides from a caribbean tunicate. AB - Extracts of samples of a Caribbean tunicate (ascidian, sea squirt) of the family Didemnidae inhibit in vitro at low concentrations the growth of DNA and RNA viruses as well as L1210 leukemic cells. The active compounds isolated from the tunicate, didemnins A, B, and C, are depsipeptides, and didemnin B (a derivative of didemnin A) is the component active at the lowest concentration in inhibiting viral replication in vitro and P388 leukemia in vivo. PMID- 7233188 TI - Gated sodium-23 nuclear magnetic resonance images of an isolated perfused working rat heart. AB - Sodium-23 nuclear magnetic resonance images of phantoms and gated images of isolated perfused working rat hearts were obtained. By synchronizing the nuclear magnetic resonance process to the heartbeat, images were obtained at systole and at diastole. PMID- 7233189 TI - Protozoan parasite of humans: surface membrane with externally disposed acid phosphatase. AB - Plasma membranes isolated from the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani were enriched in acid phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.2) activity. Cytochemically, the enzyme was distributed uniformly on the surface of intact cells and was localized on the external face of isolated membranes. Physical characteristics and orientation of the membrane-bound enzyme suggest that the organism is adapted for existence in hydrolytic environments. PMID- 7233190 TI - Activation of the transforming potential of a normal cell sequence: a molecular model for oncogenesis. AB - The molecularly cloned, long terminal repeat (LTR) of the Moloney sarcoma virus (M-MSV) provirus has been covalently linked to c-mos, the cellular homolog of the M-MSV-specific sequence, v-mos. These newly constructed clones lack any M-MSV derived sequences other than the LTR, but in DNA transfection assays they transform cells as efficiently as cloned subgenomic M-MSV fragments containing both v-mos and LTR. Cells transformed by LTR:c-mos hybrid molecules contain additional copies of mos DNA, and several size classes of polyadenylated RNA's with sequence homology to mos. The activation of the transforming potential of c mos by the proviral LTR suggests a model whereby LTR-like elements could activate other normal cell sequences with oncogenic potential. PMID- 7233191 TI - Speech perception without traditional speech cues. AB - A three-tone sinusoidal replica of a naturally produced utterance was identified by listeners, despite the readily apparent unnatural speech quality of the signal. The time-varying properties of these highly artificial acoustic signals are apparently sufficient to support perception of the linguistic message in the absence of traditional acoustic cues for phonetic segments. PMID- 7233192 TI - Inferotemporal neurons distinguish and retain behaviorally relevant features of visual stimuli. AB - Single-cell activity was recorded in the inferotemporal cortex of monkeys performing a task that requires perception and temporary retention of colored stimuli. Many cells reacted differentially to the stimuli. By changing the relevance of certain features of compound stimuli, it was found that the reactions of some cells to color depend critically on whether or not the task demands that the animal pay attention to color. A substantial number of cells showed color-dependent differences in frequency of discharge during the retention periods of the task. The temporal characteristics of differential discharge and its dissolution when memory is no longer required indicate that the cells that display it are involved in retaining visual information. PMID- 7233193 TI - Peripherally administered reduced pterins do enter the brain. AB - The content of tetrahydrobiopterin in rat brain was doubled by peripherally administered tetrahydrobiopterin, with the natural 1 diastereoisomer more effective than the unnatural d configuration. The model pteridine, 6 methyltetrahydropterin was ten times more efficient than tetrahydrobiopterin in crossing the blood-brain barrier, and striatal concentrations of 6 methyltetrahydropterin remained elevated for 2 hours, declining with a half-life of 3 hours. While no evidence for a specific uptake mechanism for concentrating 6 methyltetrahydropterin in cells containing tetrahydrobiopterin was detected, the pterin was found in ts presumed site of action, the nerve terminal. Replacement therapy with reduced pterins may therefore be effective in the treatment of the neurological disorders associated with the variant forms of hyperphenylalaninemia that result from defects in the biosynthesis or metabolism of tetrahydrobiopterin within the central nervous system. PMID- 7233194 TI - Low-fat diet poses little or no cancer risk. PMID- 7233195 TI - The Hmong: dying of culture shock? PMID- 7233196 TI - Inflammatory toxin from Mycoplasma bovis: isolation and characterization. AB - An inflammatory toxin was extracted from Mycoplasma bovis with 75 percent aqueous ethanol. The toxin is a complex polysaccharide composed of glucose, glucosamine or galactosamine, and a heptose, is heat-stable, devoid of protein and lipid, and has a molecular weight of 73,000. The holotoxin in the cell membrane is a glycoprotein; however, it is the polysaccharide portion that is toxic. This inflammatory toxin increases vascular permeability and is capable of activating complement. Infusion of 0.9 milligram of toxin into the bovine udder resulted in the characteristic eosinophilic mastitis produced by Mycoplasma bovine. PMID- 7233197 TI - Helical mycoplasmas (spiroplasmas) from Ixodes ticks. AB - A new spiroplasma isolated from Ixodes pacificus collected in Oregon was serologically and morphologically distinct from known spiroplasmas. The new spiroplasma could also be isolated in tick cell cultures. Discovery of a new fastidious mycoplasma in ticks offers opportunities to explore the possible role of these agents in human and animal diseases. PMID- 7233198 TI - Transbilayer phospholipid asymmetry in Plasmodium knowlesi-infected host cell membrane. AB - The membranes from normal and Plasmodium knowlesi-infected rhesus monkey erythrocytes (90 to 95 percent infected with early ring stage) were analyzed for transbilayer distribution of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS), by means of chemical and enzymatic probes. The external monolayer of the normal red cell membrane contained at least 68 to 72 percent of the total phosphatidylcholine and 15 to 20 percent of the total phosphatidylethanolamine. In the infected cell, the transmembrane phosphatidylcholine distribution appeared to be reversed, with only 20 to 30 percent of it being externally localized, whereas roughly equal amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine were present in the outer and inner surfaces. However, total phosphatidylethanolamine were present in the outer and inner surfaces. However, total phosphatidylserine in both the infected and normal red cells was exclusively internal. Unlike that in the normal intact cell, external phosphatidylethanolamine in the parasitized cell was readily accessible to phospholipase A2. These results indicate that significant changes in molecular architecture of the host cell membrane are the result of parasitization. PMID- 7233199 TI - Modular segregation of functional cell classes within the postcentral somatosensory cortex of monkeys. AB - The distribution of two functionally distinct cell types, presumably related to slowly and rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors in the skin, was explored within the representation of the glabrous hand in area 3b of the somatosensory cortex of monkeys. The two cell classes lie in relatively segregated alternating anteroposterior bands within the middle layers of the cortex. PMID- 7233200 TI - Human homing: an elusive phenomenon. PMID- 7233202 TI - Depression study. PMID- 7233201 TI - Myelinated central vertebrate axon lacks voltage-sensitive potassium conductance. AB - Intracellular recordings were obtained from the goldfish Mauthner cell soma and axon before and after intracellular iontophoresis of drugs that block voltage sensitive potassium conductance. Analysis of the action potentials generated by the axon hillock-initial segment and by the axon suggest that axonal impulses lack this potassium conductance. Thus, impulse repolarization in the Mauthner axon, and perhaps in other vertebrate central axons, may not involve an active potassium current. PMID- 7233203 TI - Chlorinated drinking water. PMID- 7233205 TI - Cancer institute passes first test in senate. PMID- 7233206 TI - Bound to provoke a reaction. PMID- 7233204 TI - Psychoneuroendocrine influences on immunocompetence and neoplasia. AB - Emotional, psychosocial, or anxiety-stimulated stress produces increased plasma concentrations of adrenal corticoids and other hormones though well-known neuroendocrine pathways. A direct consequence of these increased corticoid concentrations is injury to elements of the immunological apparatus, which may leve the subject vulnerable to the action of latent oncogenic viruses, newly transformed cancer cells, or other incipient pathological processes that are normally held in check by an intact immunological apparatus. This article describes studies that examine the adverse effects of increased plasma concentrations of adrenal corticoids on the thymus and thymus-dependent T cells, inasmuch as these elements constitute a major defense system against various neoplastic processes and other pathologies. The studies demonstrate that anxiety stress can be quantitatively induced and the consequences measured through specific biochemical and cellular parameters, providing that authentic quiescent baselines of these conditions are obtained in the experimental animals by the use of low-stress protective housing and handling techniques. PMID- 7233208 TI - Long-term potentiation in the hippocampal slice: evidence for stimulated secretion of newly synthesized proteins. AB - Long-term potentiation of the hippocampal slice preparation results in an increase in the incorporation of labeled valine into the proteins destined for secretion into the extracellular medium. Double-labeling methods established that the increased secretion of the labeled proteins was limited to the potentiated region of a slice; incorporation of labeled valine was increased in the hippocampus if potentiation was through the Schaffer collaterals and in the dentate if potentiation was through the perforant path. Controls for nonspecific stimulation showed no changes. There appears to be a link between long-term potentiation and the metabolic processes that lead to protein synthesis in the hippocampal slice system. PMID- 7233209 TI - Lysosomal cathepsin B: correlation with metastatic potential. AB - Although lysosomal enzymes are implicated in the processes of tumor invasion and metastasis, their cellular origin within the tumor is unclear. The activity of the lysosomal proteinase cathepsin B is significantly elevated in a variant of the B16 melanoma with high metastatic potential. The cathepsin B activity is localized to the lysosomes of the tumor cells. PMID- 7233207 TI - Cultivation in vitro of the vivax-type malaria parasite Plasmodium cynomolgi. AB - The vivax-type simian malaria parasite Plasmodium cynomologi was cultured in vitro by both the candle jar method and the continuous flow technique, with rhesus monkey erythrocytes and RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with Hepes buffer and human serum. After 6 weeks in culture, the growth of the parasite had permitted a 5 X 10(6) cumulative dilution of the original inoculum. Cultured parasites remained infective to rhesus monkeys and exhibited a reversible decrease in the ameboid behavior of their trophozoites. PMID- 7233210 TI - Optical recording of calcium action potentials from growth cones of cultured neurons with a laser microbeam. AB - Simultaneous recordings of calcium action potentials directly from growth cones and from somata of neuroblastoma cells indicated that they could be generated in the neurites at or near growth cones. Growth cone responses were measured with a fluorescent voltage-sensitive dye and a 5-milliwatt helium-neon laser microbeam as a monitoring light source. PMID- 7233211 TI - Genetically determined deficiency of the third component of complement in the dog. AB - A genetically determined deficiency of the third component of complement (C3) has been identified in a colony of Brittany spaniels. Immunochemical methods show no detectable C3 in the serum of the affected dogs, and there is no evidence of an inhibitor of C3 in the serum. The C3 deficiency appears to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. PMID- 7233212 TI - Gallamine triethiodide (flaxedil): tetraethylammonium- and pancuronium-like effects in myelinated nerve fibers. AB - Gallamine triethiodide (Flaxedil) is commonly used as a neuromuscular blocking agent. Voltage-clamp studies show that gallamine also directly affects amphibian and mammalian myelinated nerve fibers. Externally, gallamine is about five times more potent than tetraethylammonium in blocking potassium conductance, where this is present, but has no effect on the sodium channel. Internal application slows sodium inactivation, which in addition is often incomplete. At positive potentials, gallamine can occlude sodium channels, thereby almost eliminating outward sodium currents. PMID- 7233213 TI - Electroencephalographic tolerance and abstinence phenomena during repeated alcohol ingestion by nonalcoholics. AB - Certain measures of the auditory average evoked response are sensitive to alcohol and provide evidence for abstinence and tolerance during and after 10 days of alcohol consumption by nonalcoholics. Electroencephalographic techniques provide a single sensitive measure for the study of the etiology of tolerance and abstinence with particular reference to a new area of investigation with nonaddicted humans. PMID- 7233215 TI - Resources for research medicine. PMID- 7233214 TI - Owl monkey cell line. PMID- 7233216 TI - Utilities choke on asthma research. PMID- 7233217 TI - Amniocentesis: be prepared. PMID- 7233218 TI - Vagotomy abolishes cues of satiety produced by gastric distension. PMID- 7233219 TI - Auditory intensity discrimination after selective loss of cochlear outer hair cells. AB - The contributions of the inner and outer hair cells of the mammalian cochlea to auditory intensity discrimination were evaluated in a combined behavioral anatomical study of the guinea pig. Intensity difference thresholds were unchanged from baseline values after selective destruction of outer hair cells, suggesting that those cells are unnecessary for normal intensity discrimination. PMID- 7233220 TI - Phosphatidate as a molecular link between depolarization and neurotransmitter release in the brain. AB - Phosphatidate, a neuronal phospholipid, stimulated the uptake of calcium by nerve terminals isolated from the striatum of rat brain. This effect was not produced by other phospholipids or glycolipids. Phosphatidate, but not other phospholipids, evoked the release of [3H] dopamine from striatal synaptosomes. The magnitude of both effects was similar to that observed after chemical depolarization of the nerve terminals. These results show that phosphatidate is the only membrane lipid component that acts as a functionally competent ionophore and support the suggestion that phosphatidate may serve as a link between depolarization and neurotransmitter release in the brain. PMID- 7233221 TI - Serum lipoproteins modulate oxygenated sterol insertion into human red cell membranes. AB - The insertion of oxygenated sterol compounds into human red blood cell membranes as well as the consequent transformation of the red cells to an echinocyte shape and the expansion of the membranes are impeded by the presence of serum lipoproteins in the incubation medium. All density classes of human serum lipoproteins bind oxygenated sterol compounds, and lipoproteins can act as acceptors of oxygenated sterols previously inserted into red cells. Since oxygenated sterols have been reported to be atherogenic, the modulating and possibly protective effects of serum lipoproteins on oxygenated sterol-induced derangement of cell membrane structure and function may provide a useful model for further study. PMID- 7233222 TI - New A-bomb data shown to radiation experts: conference goers are impressed with the revised picture of hiroshima, but foresee little change in risk estimates. PMID- 7233223 TI - Gold pipettes make for tight lips. PMID- 7233224 TI - Human life bill arouses more opposition. PMID- 7233225 TI - FDA plans action on sodium in foods. PMID- 7233226 TI - Angiogenesis inhibitors link many diseases. PMID- 7233227 TI - Improved detail in biological soft X-ray microscopy: study of blood platelets. AB - Improved image quality in soft x-ray contact microscopy can be obtained by examining the resist with transmission rather than scanning electron microscopy. Application of the new technique to air-dried preparations of human blood platelets reveals structures not visible in the same cells with transmission electron microscopy or when the resist is examined by scanning electron microscopy. As seen by the new technique, platelet pseudopods contain a central structure connected to a network in the platelet and dense bodies exhibit a lamellar structure. PMID- 7233228 TI - Estradiol and progesterone profiles indicate a lack of endocrine recognition of pregnancy in the opossum. AB - Concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in blood collected during the 12.5 day gestation period of the Virginia opossum were not significantly different from those during equivalent days of the estrous cycle. Progesterone was correlated with an index of corpora luteral mass. Ratio of estradiol to progesterone were highest 3 to 4 days before estrus and on the day of parturition. PMID- 7233229 TI - Cancer incidence in the Love Canal area. AB - Data from the New York Cancer Registry show no evidence for higher cancer rates associated with residence near the Love Canal toxic waste burial site in comparison with the entire state outside of New York City. Rates of liver cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia, which were selected for special attention, were not consistently elevated. Among the other cancers studied, a higher rate was noted only for respiratory cancer, but it was not consistent across age groups and appeared to be related to a high rate for the entire city of Niagara Falls. There was no evidence that the lung cancer rate was associated with the toxic wastes buried at the dump site. PMID- 7233230 TI - Myelination of central nervous system axons in tissue culture by transplanted oligodendrocytes. AB - Unmyelinated mouse cerebellar cerebellar cultures in which oligodendrocyte differentiation had been suppressed by exposure to cytosine arabinoside developed axonal myelin after superimposition of kainic acid-treated cerebellar explants devoid of myelin-receptive axons. The latter explants contained differentiated oligodendrocytes. The operation of a diffusible myelin-stimulating factor was ruled out by the failure of myelination in cytosine arabinoside-exposed explants not in direct contact with oligodendrocyte-containing transplants. PMID- 7233231 TI - Phase relationships between adjacent simple cells in the visual cortex. AB - Adjacent simple cells recorded and "isolated" simultaneously from the same microelectrode placement were usually tuned to the same orientation and spatial frequency. The responses of the members of these "spatial frequency pairs" to drifting sine-wave gratings were cross-correlates. Within the middle range of the spatial frequency selectivity curves, the responses of the paired cells differed in phase by approximately 90 percent. This phase relationship suggests that adjacent simple cells tuned to the same spatial frequency and orientation represent paired sine and cosine filters in terms of their processing of afferent spatial inputs and truncated sine and cosine filters in terms of the output of simple cells. PMID- 7233232 TI - Rapid eye movement storms in infants: rate of occurrence at 6 months predicts mental development at 1 year. AB - Intense rapid eye movements (REM) during sleep were investigated as a possible indication of delay in the neurodevelopment of infants. The rate of occurrence of REM storms was determined by monitoring the sleep of 15 normal, first-born infants during weeks 2 through 5 and at 3, 6, 12 months. The amount of REM within each 10-second interval of active sleep was rated on a four-point scale based on frequency and intensity of eye movements. When the babies were 12 months old, the Bayley Scales of Mental Development were administered. A significant negative correlation was found between the frequency of REM storms of 14 subjects was also studied. The negative correlation was confirmed. The findings support the suggestion that by 6 months of age REM storms express dysfunction or delay in the development of central inhibitory feedback controls for sleep organization and phasic sleep-related activities. PMID- 7233233 TI - Foot-length asymmetry, sex, and handedness. PMID- 7233234 TI - OSHA shifts direction on health standards. PMID- 7233235 TI - Organic fluorine in human serum: natural versus industrial sources. AB - The concentration of organic fluorine in human serum has been reported to vary from 0.0 to 0.13 part per million in persons not exposed to industrial fluorochemicals. To help ascertain whether the natural environment is a source of organic fluorine in human serum, samples from a group of rural Chinese were analyzed. the samples contained low levels of organic fluorine as well as the expected inorganic fluoride. PMID- 7233236 TI - Niacin Reduces Paraquat Toxicity in Rats. AB - Rats poisoned with paraquat benefited from daily niacin therapy. Niacin-treated rats showed delayed and reduced dyspnea. Deaths began approximately 30 hours later. The time required for niacin-treated rats to reach 50 percent mortality increased from 60 to 120 hours, and the dealth rate was reduced form 75 to 55 percent. The benefit by niacin is consistent with the demonstrated role of niacin in preventing cellular decreases of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide during poisoning of bacteria by paraquat and by hyperbaric oxygen. PMID- 7233237 TI - Metastatic potential is positively correlated with cell surface sialylation of cultured murine tumor cell lines. AB - The ability of murine tumor cells to metastasize spontaneously from subcutaneous sites is positively correlated with the total sialic acid content of the cells in culture, the degree to which the sialic acid is exposed on the tumor cell surface, and, most strongly, with the degree of sialylation of galactosyl and N acetylgalactosaminyl residues in cell surface glycoconjugates. These findings suggest that sialic acid on the cell surface may play a role in tumor cell metastasis. PMID- 7233238 TI - Immunization of Baboons with Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae attenuated by gamma irradiation. AB - Studies on the efficacy of a vaccine against schistosomiasis in young baboons (Papio anubis) disclosed that immunization with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae attenuated by gamma irradiation induced significant protection against subsequent infection with normal, viable S. mansoni cercariae. Such immunization resulted in reduced worm burdens (70 percent) and egg excretion rates (82 percent). These results support immunization as a potential method for schistosomiasis control. PMID- 7233239 TI - Motility assay of human sperm by photon correlation spectroscopy. AB - Microscopic methods of performing motility assays of spermatozoa are slow, subjective, and involve a small number of spermatozoa. Laser light-scattering methods can analyze the motility of many spermatozoa within minutes. The swimming speed distribution of human spermatozoa was investigated by photon correlation spectroscopy. The sperm was diluted in seminal plasma to avoid modifying the viscosity. The swimming speed distribution was reconstructed from the correlation data by Stock's method of splines. When compared with a videomicroscopic assay, the reconstructed swimming speed distribution accurately reflects translational motion between 0 and 80 micrometers per second, while for speeds greater than 80 micrometers per second the distribution is distorted by the effects of rotational motion. PMID- 7233240 TI - Remodeling of multiterminal innervation by nerve terminal sprouting in an identifiable lobster motoneuron. AB - A single motoneuron provides multiterminal innervation to the limb accessory flexor muscle in lobster. Its nerve terminals and synapses relocate to more distal sites during primary development and growth beyond sexual maturity. This remodeling of multiterminal innervation occurs by sprouting of nerve terminals and synapses from preexisting ones. PMID- 7233241 TI - Physical dependence on morphine fails to develop during the hibernating state. AB - Physical dependence on morphine occurs in a typical fashion during the active state of the mammalian hibernator Citellus lateralis, but does not occur when morphine exposure is confined to the hibernating state. Morphine exposure during hibernation can produce stereotyped behavior, thus demonstrating partial responsiveness of the central nervous system to opioids during this natural state. PMID- 7233242 TI - Induced hearing deficit generates experimental paranoia. AB - The development of paranoid reactions was investigated in normal people experiencing a temporary loss of hearing. In a social setting, subjects made partially deaf by hypnotic suggestion, but kept unaware of the source of their deafness, became more paranoid as indicated on a variety of assessment measures. The results support a hypothesizes cognitive-social mechanism for the clinically observed relationship between paranoia and deafness in the elderly. PMID- 7233243 TI - Exposure of rats to alcohol in utero alters drug sensitivity in adulthood. AB - Pregnant rats were intubated with alcohol (ethanol, 3 grams per kilogram) twice daily throughout gestation. Control animals received solutions of isocaloric sucrose. At birth, offspring were placed with untreated surrogate dams. Beginning at 6 months of age, the offspring were tested for their thermogenic responsiveness to various drugs and to cold. Prenatal exposure to alcohol resulted in tolerance to alcohol and cross-tolerance to pentobarbital and diazepam but did not affect responsiveness to cold. This pattern of effects suggest that prenatal exposure to alcohol produces specific long-term effects on the neural mechanisms underlying drug tolerance. PMID- 7233244 TI - Morphine-induced attenuation of morphine tolerance. AB - Rats experienced both morphine and an environmental cue, but the cue always signaled a drug-free period. They were subsequently administered morphine in the presence of the cue, and the development of analgesic tolerance was assessed. The prior experience retarded such tolerance. The finding that a procedure of opiate administration can retard opiate tolerance suggests that an association between cues preceding the drug and the drug itself contributes to tolerance. PMID- 7233245 TI - Articular manifestations of essential cryoglobulinemia. PMID- 7233246 TI - Interventional biliary radiology. PMID- 7233247 TI - Percutaneous uroradiologic procedures. PMID- 7233248 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 7233249 TI - Neuroradiologic interventional procedures. PMID- 7233250 TI - Percutaneous transfemoral closure of the patent ductus arteriosus -- an alternative to surgery. PMID- 7233251 TI - [Proof of fatal potassium poisoning]. PMID- 7233252 TI - [Sequelae of traffic accidents]. PMID- 7233253 TI - [The use of hereditary blood and serum traits in criminal cases]. PMID- 7233254 TI - [Mass medical examinations of the rural population as a basis of transition to all-around dispensary care]. PMID- 7233255 TI - [Numerical system for storing the individual records of outpatients in district polyclinics]. PMID- 7233256 TI - [Centralizing the performance of endoscopic studies in a general hospital]. PMID- 7233257 TI - [Attempt to use the chi2 criterion for evaluating the compatibility of the structural indices of morbidity]. PMID- 7233258 TI - [Morbidity of adolescent schoolchildren]. PMID- 7233259 TI - [Use of certification data for resolving the goals of ongoing and long-term planning for the development of the material and technological basis of a hospital network]. PMID- 7233262 TI - [Morphologic study of Wagner-Meissner corpuscles in the skin of the right index finger during ontogenetic development]. PMID- 7233261 TI - [Relation between hearing damage and hearing fatigue in textile industry workers exposed to a high level of noise]. PMID- 7233260 TI - [Balanced translocations in the karyotype as the cause of spontaneous abortion and reproductive disorders]. PMID- 7233263 TI - [Foreign bodies in the larynx]. PMID- 7233264 TI - [Causes of cardiocirculatory collapse during gynecological and obstetrical surgery]. PMID- 7233265 TI - [Cystathioninuria]. PMID- 7233266 TI - [Causes and consequences of errors in sample collection and determination of ethanol levels in the blood in alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 7233267 TI - [Acute bacterial tonsillitis. Hyperthermia states. Hypothermia nocturna syndrome]. PMID- 7233269 TI - [Human placental lactogen in the blood in fetal growth retardation]. PMID- 7233268 TI - [Medical terminology and authors]. PMID- 7233270 TI - [The control of contamination with infectious agents in an intensive care unit]. PMID- 7233271 TI - [Clinical picture and mechanism of onset of herpetic uveokeratitis]. PMID- 7233272 TI - [Hypercalcemia in acute renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7233273 TI - [Chaotic pre-ventricular heart rhythm of functional origin]. PMID- 7233274 TI - [Gaucher's disease in 3 sisters]. PMID- 7233275 TI - [Echocardiogram of mitral paravalvular regurgitation]. PMID- 7233276 TI - [Use of mammography for position-controlled fine needle biopsy]. PMID- 7233278 TI - [The influence of computer tomography on the radiologic diagnosis of malignant tumors]. PMID- 7233277 TI - [Experiences with X-prep in preparing patients for nuclear medicine examination]. PMID- 7233279 TI - [Computer tomography of the mediastinum]. PMID- 7233280 TI - [New developments in computerized tomography (including non-xray technics)]. PMID- 7233281 TI - [Indication and value of computer tomography of the adrenal glands]. PMID- 7233282 TI - [Bone scintigraphy in oncology]. PMID- 7233283 TI - [Signal-noise relationship, resolution and dose requirement in the quality comparison of newer intensified films in clinical radiology]. PMID- 7233284 TI - Management of anaemia in pregnancy. PMID- 7233285 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin, blood glucose and serum cholesterol levels in diabetics treated with guar gum. PMID- 7233286 TI - Occupational trauma to the ulnar artery. AB - Thrombosis or aneurysm of the ulnar artery after occupational trauma to the hand is not uncommon. A series of 14 patients with such lesions, diagnosed by arteriography, has been documented. It is concluded that in patients with pain along the ulnar side of the hand after an injury the absence of vascular signs does not exclude injury to the ulnar artery, and arteriography should be carried out to exclude not only an ulnar artery thrombosis but also an aneurysm which may cause symptoms by pressure on the ulnar nerve or by digital embolism. PMID- 7233287 TI - Maternal nutrition and the duration of pregnancy. AB - Maternal weight assessed at the start of the last trimester was found to be a determinant of the duration of pregnancy in 1022 women. It is suggested that maternal nutrition influences birth weight by altering both the rate of intra uterine growth and the gestational period. PMID- 7233288 TI - Death from asthma. PMID- 7233289 TI - Wermer's syndrome. PMID- 7233290 TI - Measurement of zinc and copper levels in breast milk. AB - Zinc and copper levels in breast milk were measured to assess the accuracy of the analysis and to obtain a range of values for the local population. Samples were collected 7 days after delivery from 48 well-nourished mothers who had given birth to healthy full-term infants. The method was found to be accurate and reproducible provided precautionary measures were taken to avoid sample contamination. A wide variation in values was found in samples from different mothers, however, ranging from 155 to 680 microgram/dl for zinc and from 27 to 90 microgram/dl for copper. PMID- 7233291 TI - A survey of spinal injuries from diving. A study of patients in Pretoria and Cape town. AB - A highly significant feature emerged from a study of patients with spinal injuries from diving treated at the H.F. Verwoerd Hospital and the Conradie Hospital, namely an area specificity with regard to cause of injury, circumstances and social habits. The typical patient presenting with spinal injuries from diving is a young male, the injury often being the result of the facing of a 'challenge' at a social gathering where alcohol consumption played an important role. The injurious dive is usually not a first attempt and is often into a pool of some sort or at a location well known to the patient. The forehead or vertex may strike either the bottom of the pool, a rock, or a sandbank, without any additional injuries, e.g. to the hands. The radiographs reveal a flexion-axial compression injury to the C4-C6 region of the spine, leaving the majority of such patients in a state of permanent and complete tetraplegia. Although many of these catastrophes are truly accidental, a large number of patients admit to a careless attitude which was the direct cause of their misfortune. PMID- 7233292 TI - A training course for general practitioner teachers. Experience in Johannesburg, 1978. AB - An 80-hour course was run as a learner-centred, experience-based peer learning group, structured in twenty 4-hour sessions. Participants' needs centred around lecturing to medium-sized audiences, one-to-one teaching and small-group teaching. Topics were interpersonal skills (communication, human interactions, group dynamics and facilitation, interviewing, counselling and tutoring), teaching theory and methods, including lecturing skills, personal growth (motivation, confidence, assertiveness, enthusiasm), evaluation and feedback, syllabus development, research methods and planning. PMID- 7233293 TI - Congenital dislocation of the knee. A report of 5 cases. AB - Reports on 3 infants who suffered from congenital dislocation of the knee and 2 with genu recurvatum deformity are presented. The theory that abnormal intra uterine fetal position may cause these deformities has gained support over previous concepts, as demonstrated by the baby born by caesarean section. PMID- 7233294 TI - Oestrogens and the menopause. PMID- 7233295 TI - Safety of anaesthetic machines. PMID- 7233296 TI - Potassium permanganate enemas. PMID- 7233297 TI - An evaluation of prostaglandin E2 administered intrarectally to induce labour. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE) 4 mg administered as an intrarectal suppository failed to induce labour in 70% of patients with a favourable cervical score. This may indicate that intravaginally administered PGE, which is effective in inducing labour in 70% of patients, acts at least in part directly on the cervix. PMID- 7233298 TI - Continuous monitoring of uterine contractions to control intra-amniotic administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha for therapeutic and missed abortion. AB - Intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was administered to 10 patients for midtrimester therapeutic abortion and to 20 patients for missed abortion. An epidural catheter was placed into the amniotic cavity and the other end was connected to a physiological pressure transducer to measure the uterine contractions continuously. The dosage was adjusted according to the uterine contractions, and was therefore individualized for each patient. Half the patients with therapeutic abortion required PGF2 alpha 30 mg or less, and only 20% of patients with missed abortion needed more than 30 mg. Complications such as uterine cervical lacerations could be prevented by administration of the correct dosage of prostaglandin in each case. PMID- 7233299 TI - Hormonal placental functions and intrauterine growth retardation in patients with positive contraction stress tests. AB - Human placental lactogen (HPL) and urinary and serum oestriol levels were studied in patients in whom the contraction stress test was positive. After birth the infants were assessed for growth retardation. Low HPL, serum oestriol and urinary oestrogen levels were found in 66%, 30% and 15% of patients respectively. Gestational ages were known in 148 patients, of whom 72 (49%) had infants whose weights were below the 10th percentile for gestational age. HPL values were low in 81% of mothers who gave birth to growth-retarded infants, but serum and urinary oestriol levels were low in only 43% and 21% respectively. When both a positive stress test and a low HPL value were present, 69% of infants were growth retarded. The incidence of growth retardation rose to 85% when both HPL and serum oestriol levels were abnormal in patients with positive contraction stress tests. In this study estimation of HPL levels was found to be superior to that of oestrogen levels in detecting growth-retarded infants. PMID- 7233300 TI - The selection of patients at the Groote Schuur Maternity Hospital. AB - The Peninsula Maternity and Neonatal Service (PMNS) was established on 1 January 1980 as a result of the regionalization of obstetric and neonatal services in the Cape Peninsula. Some 20000 deliveries per annum occur in the 5 maternity hospitals and 3 Midwife Obstetric Units (MOUs) under the aegis of the PMNS. As part of the reorganization of the service the booking and referral criteria have been revised, taking into account the function of the Groote Schuur Hospital Maternity Block as the high-risk unit. The concept of risk in perinatology is discussed. The booking and referral criteria are detailed under the headings of booking criteria for hospital and for MOUs and referral criteria from the MOU to hospital -- antenatally, in labour, in the puerperium and for neonatal problems. PMID- 7233301 TI - The incidence of selected vaginal infections among pregnant urban blacks. AB - A total of 232 Black antenatal patients was assessed in a cross-sectional study and a total of 80 in a longitudinal study. Trichomonas vaginalis infection occurred almost twice as frequently as Candida albicans infection. Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection was present in 10% of patients, and mixed infections were present in 34% of patients. PMID- 7233302 TI - Double uterus with a unilateral blind vagina. A report of 3 cases. AB - Uterus didelphys associated with a unilateral imperforate vagina and absence of the kidney on the affected side is rare. Three such cases are described. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important, and certain features that could alert the physician to the presence of such a condition are discussed. PMID- 7233303 TI - [Nefopam]. PMID- 7233305 TI - Age-specific risk of tuberculosis infection. PMID- 7233304 TI - Mesothelioma in relaxation to asbestos fibre exposure. PMID- 7233306 TI - 'Joggitis', 'marathonitis' and marathon mania. PMID- 7233307 TI - Obesity--cure or remission? PMID- 7233308 TI - The Widal test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever in the transvaal. AB - We analysed the results of the Widal test in the northern and eastern Transvaal in relation to bacteriologically confirmed cases of typhoid fever, patients suspected of having the disease, febrile patients without typhoid fever and healthy individuals. Titres of 1:200 or greater for either H or O agglutinins were recorded for 75,2% of patients with bacteriologically proven typhoid fever, 4,6% of healthy subjects residing in an endemic area and 7,5% of patients presenting with non-thyroid fevers. Age, sex and region were found to affect the percentage of positive tests recorded. Despite these failings, the Widal test was found to be of value in the diagnosis of typhoid fever. The concept of a diagnostic titre was considered unreliable, but considered in conjunction with the clinical picture, O or H agglutinin titres of 1:200 or more may be regarded as strong presumptive evidence of typhoid fever. PMID- 7233309 TI - [Pheochromocytoma in pregnancy. Anesthetic management of a patient]. AB - Phaeochromocytoma during pregnancy, although rare, present serious risks to the mother and fetus. An operation was done on a pregnant 19-year-old patient with this condition. The pre-operative preparation and anaesthetic management are discussed. PMID- 7233310 TI - Teaching interpersonal communication skills in paediatrics with the help of mothers. AB - Medical students were randomly assigned by two groups. The experimental or Family Health Project (FHP) group was given a short training course in conducting a first interview, which incorporated the content of the paediatric history as well as the process of the interview. Students in the FHP and control of Community Care (CC) groups conducted a videotaped interview with a mother of a child. The students viewed themselves on a replay and were given feedback information on their performance during the interview. An objective content checklist was used to assess the content of the interview. For the process of the interview all the videotapes were rated by the mothers, using the Flanders method of interaction analysis modified by Helfer. Significant differences were noted between the FHP and CC groups, which have implications for patient compliance and satisfaction. Medical students were enthusiastic about this form of learning. PMID- 7233311 TI - The role of the EEG in the investigation of the child with learning disability. AB - Electro-encephalograms were recorded in 94 children who presented with learning disability. Abnormalities were found in 71%. Records obtained from age- and sex matched controls showed a 29% incidence of abnormality. In the learning-disabled group no significant correlation could be demonstrated between abnormalities on the EEG and abnormal perinatal history, behaviour, concentration, perceptual function, co-ordination or 'soft sign'. Routine EEG recording is not recommended in the assessment of a learning-disabled child, but it is of value if the clinical history suggests a seizure disorder. PMID- 7233312 TI - Hyperactivity. AB - 'Hyperactivity' has many causes in childhood, and an analytical approach is necessary before management can be applied. In order to be effective, management must be individually tailored. It may take the form of simple adjustments in the child's environment, the treatment of physical illness, emotional support, counselling of parents, or, in selected cases, drug therapy. PMID- 7233313 TI - Ventricular tachyarrhythmias induced by disopyramide and other similar anti arrhythmic drugs. AB - Two patients with atrial arrhythmias are described who developed ventricular tachyarrhythmias shortly after starting disopyramide therapy. One patient had manifested ventricular tachycardia while on quinidine therapy earlier and the other patient, who died, had survived ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation complicating both quinidine and lidoflazine therapy 5 years earlier. We advise against the use of lidoflazine in patients with previously documented 'quinidine syncope' and caution that ventricular tachyarrhythmias appearing for the first time with the administration of disopyramide should be considered to be drug induced until proved otherwise. PMID- 7233314 TI - Retrograde ejaculation and pregnancy. A case report. AB - A patient with retrograde ejaculation following a transurethral resection of the prostate was able to father a child using spermatozoa recovered from the bladder. The method of recovery of these spermatozoa is described. PMID- 7233315 TI - Antibiotic cement and beads. PMID- 7233316 TI - The problem of malnutrition in South Africa. PMID- 7233317 TI - Ixodid ticks on children. PMID- 7233319 TI - The dental practitioner and the patient's general health. PMID- 7233318 TI - Vascular compression of the brachial plexus following stab injuries to the neck. PMID- 7233320 TI - Gentamicin-polymethyl-methacrylate beads in the treatment of chronic bone sepsis. AB - Eighteen cases of chronic bone infection were treated by implantation of gentamicin-polymethyl-methacrylate beads together with surgery. Healing by primary or secondary intention occurred in 14 cases, and the method is considered effective, safe and convenient. PMID- 7233321 TI - Symposium on practical surgery of the hand. PMID- 7233322 TI - Fingertip injuries. PMID- 7233323 TI - Flexor tendon injuries. PMID- 7233324 TI - Management of severe forearm injuries. AB - A review of principles and an operative guideline for repair of severely mutilating injuries to the forearm have been set forth. These concepts and their application have been illustrated in a series of clinical cases. The following key concepts have developed from these clinical experiences: 1. The surgeon must evaluate each case based upon the potential for return of sensation and function. One cannot justify the statement that a replanted arm is always superior to a prosthesis, even if its only purpose is cosmetic. 2. Care must be taken in the emergency room to evaluate the entire patient, and not to ignore other injuries while concentrating on a mangled extremity. 3. The crush-avulsion nature of injuries seen in a large referral center necessitates aggressive debridement of damaged soft tissue and bone. Wounds that have avulsion of skin, muscle, and nerve throughout the length of the arm do not lend themselves to repair. Destruction of an elbow joint generally precludes repair. 4. A well stabilized skeleton is essential before definitive soft tissue repairs can be performed. 5. Vascular repairs are meticulously performed using magnification. All vessels are reconstructed in an effort to recreate the original anatomy. 6. Wide destruction of muscle and tendon is frequent necessitating ingenuity in connecting proximal motor units to distal tendon. After repair, early active motion of the extremity is emphasized. 7. Perhaps the strongest contraindication to reconstruction of a severely damaged upper limb is avulsion of the nerves throughout the length of the forearm. Sharply divided nerves can be repaired by group fascicular suture. Crushed, divided nerves do well with accurate epineural approximation. Crushed nerves with epineural continuity ar best treated by observation and secondary grafting as required. 8. Primary coverage of areas denuded of skin is by split graft of local transposition flaps. More sophisticated techniques may be used at a later time (myocutaneous flaps or free flaps) if further reconstruction is contemplated. 9. Dressing must be carefully applied without constricting the extremity. A protective plaster is applied beginning from above the elbow and ending in a bonnet over the hand; this allows the recovery room nurse to monitor the vascular status of the repair. 10. The physiotherapist and occupational therapist are integrated into the perioperative care. Active range of motion exercises are begun as soon as the third day after the operation. Lightweight static and dynamic splints help to restore mobility. PMID- 7233325 TI - Methods of assessment of injury and recovery of peripheral nerves. PMID- 7233327 TI - Traumatic injuries to the brachial plexus. AB - Transient lesions of the brachial plexus are fairly common but are difficult to recognize early because of other associated severe injuries of the brain and skeleton. They often cause hand edema, producing stiffness. In recent years, the understanding of the role of afferent sensory impulses and the application of microsurgical technique has helped in development of newer methods for surgical rehabilitation of the arm and hand. However, repair of the brachial plexus has to be supplemented by sequential reconstruction designed to restore the function of the shoulder, elbow, and hand. Although the diagnosis and treatment have to be individualized, the reconstruction must begin with the hand, in which time is of the essence and the sequelae of untreated edema, stiffening of the joint, and immobility of gliding tissues may result in irreversible rigidity. The methods used in restoration of prehension and moving grip of the hand, as well as various procedures for reconstruction of the elbow and the shoulder, have been presented with their application in four patients, illustrating the different approaches and final function. PMID- 7233326 TI - Reappraisal of nerve repair. AB - In every case of acute injury involving the nerve, the surgeon must decide whether a primary repair of an elective early secondary repair is the treatment of choice. In a clean-cut nerve without defect, immediate primary repair, using trunk-to-trunk coaptation with epineurial sutures, offers an optimal solution. In the periphery of the median and the ulnar nerves, in which motor and sensory fascicles are already separated, fascicular dissection is performed, and coaptation of fascicle groups should be done. In medical centers with excellent facilities, such nerve repair will give good results even in very severe lesions. This repair can be performed also as a delayed primary procedure. If there is a nerve defect, a primary grafting procedure must be considered. We do not recommend this as a routine procedure because the nerve grafts might be lost if a complication occurs. The decision to perform a planned early secondary repair is an equally good alternative, especially in cases of a nerve defect, severe concomitant injuries, or both. In case of a combined nerve and tendon lesion in the carpal tunnel, the nerve repair can be performed at a later procedure without exposing the repaired flexor tendons, thus avoiding adhesion between tendons and nerves. If a decision is made in favor of an early secondary repair, the two stumps can be approximated by stitches to prevent retraction, if this can be achieved without tension. Approximation under tension in case of a larger defect would damage the two stumps and create an even larger defect. Marking the nerve ends by sutures is not necessary because exploration with always start in normal tissue, exposing the nerves from the proximal or the distal segments. Early secondary repair is performed during the third week, or later if this is demanded by local conditions. When indicated, plastic surgical procedures can eliminate constricting scars and provide an optimal soft tissue environment. After exploration and preparation of the two stumps, the surgeon must decide whether direct suturing or a nerve graft is indicated. If after very limited mobilization and slight flexion the nerve stumps cannot be coapted easily, a nerve graft should be used. The quality of motor recovery decreases steadily after a 6 month delay of repair. Late secondary repairs or reoperation of failure of primary repair should be performed within this time limit, although this does not mean that motor recovery cannot occur after a longer time interval. Useful motor recovery was achieved in certain cases after 18 months or more. Obviously the results might have been better if the time interval had been shorter. If a patient is seen with a nerve lesion after a long time interval, nerve repair is still indicated if sensibility is the main functional objective. In other long standing cases, the nerve repair is combined with tendon transfer or capsulorrhaphy. After a particularly long time interval or in old patients, only palliative surgery is indicated. PMID- 7233328 TI - Implant arthroplasty in the hand and upper extremity and its future. PMID- 7233329 TI - Digital replantation. AB - Most of the technical problems of digital replantation have been resolved, but restoration of damaged joints and free gliding of tendons still defy the replantation surgeon. The restoration of function can be enhanced after the reparative process by encouraging motivation in the patient and by a persistent, supervised program of rehabilitation. Attainment of structural and anatomic integrity does not guarantee good function: some patients achieve useful function in spite of a greatly reduced number of parts of the hand and unremarkable initial recovery. Replantation surgeons working as a team have the technical skill to provide the injured patient with a chance for recovery of lost function. Lost digits never function. PMID- 7233330 TI - Surgical management of the hemiplegic spastic hand in cerebral palsy. PMID- 7233331 TI - Reconstruction of congenital aplasia of digits. AB - Reconstruction of partial digital aplasia with one border digit is attainable in young patients. It requires construction or transplantation of a stable part with functional sensibility to permit pinch and grasp. Toe transplants provide these functions relatively rapidly but carry a certain risk of failure and add a new deformity to the foot. The construction of a skin mitten by unfolding of the dorsal flap in the affected limb requires additional skin cover from a distance. Stabilization with a bone graft is done at a later stage. If the border digit is hypoplastic, staged autogenous bone grafts permits attainment of greater length. Using bone with epiphyseal plate from the toes of young children does not always result in growth. The assessment of regained sensibility in our patients was done with two-point discrimination but was not reliable in children under age seven. Sensibility in the unfolded flap was regained gradually over a long period of time. The longest follow up in this group was 11 years: the patient attained two point discrimination of 7 mm. Published experiments with the denervated skin of laboratory animals demonstrated some return of sensibility through nerve sprouting. The pathway of sensibility in the denervated unfolded dorsal flap is continuity with volar intact skin is not known but is presumed to require some form of nerve sprouting. The advantages of using the unfolded dorsal flap are that in lengthens palmar skin without an intervening scar or unpleasant paresthesia and does not produce a defect in the foot. PMID- 7233332 TI - The cranial base in anencephaly and microcephaly studied histologically. AB - A histological microradiographical analysis was carried out on the cranial base removed at autopsy from three infants--two with microcephalia, one with anencephalia. The histological findings were compared with those from normal individuals of the same age. It was shown that a reduced size of the brain was accompanied by a change in the remodeling pattern of the internal as well as the external surface of the cranial base, leading to a flattening of the cranial base. The findings further suggest that the development of the brain influences the ossification of the chondrocranium. PMID- 7233335 TI - Neuronal damage in chick and rat embryos following X-irradiation. AB - Exposure of rat and chick embryos to X-irradiation at the time of development of neurons at the telencephalic-diencephalic border results in prolonged damage to neurons in this area as measured by neuronal nuclear size. A dose of 100 rads to the seven-day-old chick embryo has about the same effect as 125 rads to the 15 day-old rat fetus. The nuclear volume of large, multipolar neurons in the chick paleostriatum primitivum and the rat lateral preoptic area are reduced from 10 to 15%. Larger doses of X-irradiation to the chick (150 and 200 rads) cause progressively greater reductions in nuclear size. The large neurons which were measured in the rat and chick are morphologically similar in the two species. Both contain cytoplasmic acetylcholinesterase and have several branched, spiny dendritic processes. The similarity of response of chick and rat neurons to X irradiation diminishes the significance of maternal factors as the cause of the effects of fetal irradiation in these experiments. PMID- 7233334 TI - Craniometric measurements of craniofacial malformations in mice with X-linked, dominant hypophosphatemia (vitamin D-resistant rickets). AB - Skulls of hemizygous male and heterozygous female C57CL/6J mice affected with X linked, dominant hypophosphatemia ("Hyp" mutant; C57BL/6J-Hyp)--vitamin D resistant rickets (VDRR)--were compared grossly and by craniometry with skulls of normal C57BL/6J mice to describe the malformation that accompanies this condition. In mutant males a slight retardation in mandibular growth is observed. The neurocranium of mutants is shorter, more domed, and exhibits frontal and occipital bossing. Retardation in growth of the viscerocranium occurs. A characteristic protrusion of the frontopremaxillary suture is present at the junction of the neural and facial skulls. No differences in width are demonstrable. The malformation in mutant females is similar to that found in males but is less pronounced. The craniofacial malformations in humans with VDRR are generally similar to those described in the C57BL/6J-Hyp mouse. PMID- 7233333 TI - Embryotoxicity of various noise stimuli in the mouse. AB - Different noise exposure paradigms were studied to determine their teratogenic and embryo-fetotoxic potential in the CF-1 mouse. Female mice were exposed from days 1-6 or from days 6-15 of gestation to one of three noise exposure paradigms which differed widely in level, spectral, and temporal characteristics. Paradigms for noise exposure were chosen to represent semi-continuous exposure to extremely high-intensity noise (jet engine noise at 126 dBA, from noon to midnight); to represent startling type noise composed of alarm bells, jet engine noise, or narrow band warning devices at 110 dBA, with pseudorandom onset and duration of each controlled by a microprocessor (exposure time of 18% over each 24 hour period); and finally to represent very high frequency noise (18-20 kHz tones, derived from a device commercially marketed for repelling rodents, with exposure from noon to midnight). On day 18 of gestation the females were sacrificed, their reproduction status determined, and the concepti were examined for toxicity and for external, visceral, and skeletal alterations. Maternal plasma corticosterone levels were measured at different periods of gestation. Significantly decreased pregnancy rate was noted in all groups exposed to noise except in the group exposed to the very high frequency noise from days 6-15 of gestation. Significant embryolethal effects occurred in the group exposed to the extremely high intensity jet noise paradigm, from days 1-6 of gestation, and significant fetolethal effects occurred in the group exposed to the very high frequency noise paradigm from days 6-15 of gestation. No significant noise-related changes were noted in the incidence of structural alterations or in the concentration of plasma corticosterone. PMID- 7233337 TI - Embryotoxicity in mice of phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid (PALA), a new antitumor agent. II. Studies on its mechanism and reversibility. AB - The embryolethal effects of phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid (PALA) are markedly gestational stage-specific in the Swiss albino mouse. Embryos are most sensitive to the lethal effects of PALA on days 7 and 8 of gestation, with embryonic LD50's of 9 and 8 mg/kg, respectively. In contrast, the embryonic LD50 on day 10 of gestation is 144 mg/kg. Following an IP dose of (acetyl-14C)-PALA to pregnant mice, approximately threefold higher levels of radioactivity were present in day 8 than in day 10 embryonic tissue, whereas the radioactive content of placentas from day 10 pregnant animals was significantly higher than in placentas from day 8 pregnant mice. Similarly, L-aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) activity was greater in maternal spleen, placentas, and embryos on day 8 than on day 10 of gestation, and PALA treatment produced a greater inhibition of ATCase in embryonic tissue on day 8 than on day 10; however, inhibition of placental ATCase activity was more pronounced on day 10 than on day 8. Neither single nor multiple doses of uridine (UR) given orally to pregnant mice on day 8 of gestation were effective in reducing day 8 PALA embryolethality. Carbamyl-L-aspartic acid, given in the drinking water of pregnant mice on days 7-9 of gestation, reduced the day 8 embryolethality of PALA from 100% to approximately 50%. In a similar experiment, the presence of UR in the drinking water of pregnant mice reduced PALA-induced embryolethality in day 10, but not day 8, embryos. These results indicate that the embryotoxic effects of PALA are the result of ATCase inhibition; furthermore, they suggest that the relative insensitivity of the day 10 embryo to the lethal effects of PALA may result either from a greater availability of UR to the day 10 (versus the day 8) embryo, or from an enhanced ability of the day 10 placenta to bind PALA and prevent its passage into the embryo. PMID- 7233336 TI - Embryotoxicity in mice of phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid (PALA), a new antitumor agent. I. Embryolethal, teratogenic, and cytogenetic effects. AB - The embryolethal and teratogenic effects of phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid (PALA), a new antitumor agent, were evaluated in pregnant Swiss albino mice that received multiple IP injections of drug on days 7-11 of gestation. The effects of single doses of PALA given IP on days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 of gestation were also examined. Cytogenetic studies were performed on cells from embryos exposed in utero to embryotoxic doses of PALA, as well as on human peripheral leucocytes incubated with PALA for six or 48 hours. When given on days 7-11 of gestation, marked embryolethal effects were noted at PALA doses of 1.5 mg/kg/day, and no embryos survived doses of 6.25 mg/kg/day. Studies on the effects of PALA administered as a single dose on various days of gestation revealed that its embryolethal effects were gestation stage-specific; 80% of embryos were killed in utero after exposure to a dose of 12.5 mg/kg on day 8, whereas doses nearly 20 fold higher (200 mg/kg) were required to exert equivalent embryolethal effects on day 6 or 10 of gestation. PALA treatment induced an increase primarily in the incidence of malformations which occur spontaneously in control mice rather than in malformations not normally seen in controls. PALA embryotoxicity in mice apparently does not derive from major cytogenetic damage, as the incidence of chromosomal aberrations was not significantly increased by in vitro or in vivo exposure to PALA. PMID- 7233338 TI - Reproductive studies in the iron-deficient rat. AB - Severe iron-deficient anemia was produced in the rat by diet. Controls consisted of animals raised on the same diet but injected with iron intraperitoneally. The deficient rats were bred and found to have normal numbers of corpora leutea of pregnancy and implantation sites. Resorptions were very common, and only about 25% of the deficient fetuses were viable on day 20. The peak mortality occurred on about day 12 of gestation. The viable fetuses were smaller than the controls, and a predominance of females was found. More eye defects occurred in the deficient groups, but a significantly increased gross defect rate over controls did not occur. The deficient maternal hemoglobins dropped during pregnancy, and the maternal and fetal hemoglobins on day 20 of gestation averaged 4.5 and 4.7 gm/dl, respectively. Partial treatment of the deficient animals by iron injection on days 0 and 7, or on day 7, prevented embryonic and fetal loss and partially corrected both fetal and maternal hemoglobin concentrations. PMID- 7233339 TI - Differential embryonic cardiovascular responses to acute maternal uterine ischemia: an in vivo microscopic study of rabbit embryos with either intact or clamped umbilical cords. AB - The effects of acute episodes of maternal uterine ischemia on the cardiovascular system of New Zealand white rabbit embryos were studied by in vivo microscopic methods. On gestational day 12, gravid uteri were surgically externalized, and the walls of the implantation sites were carefully incised and reflected to reveal the embryos. Throughout all procedures, temperature, water, and electrolyte homeostasis were preserved. The embryos within each litter were divided into two groups: 1) two randomly selected embryos whose umbilical cords were clamped, and 2) the remaining embryos of the litter whose umbilical cords were uncompromised. Uterine ischemia was induced by clamping all uterine arterial and venous channels. Occlusion of the maternal uterine vessels produced severe uterine cyanosis within 1-2 min. The embryos whose umbilical cords were not clamped exhibited severe cardiovascular derangements beginning within 3-4 min. In contrast, the embryos whose umbilical cords were clamped (thereby interrupting both umbilical and vitelline circulations) had no observable cardiovascular alterations. The absence of effects in embryos with clamped umbilical cords suggests that acute episodes of hypoxia are well tolerated by young embryos. In contrast, the rapid appearance of cardiovascular derangements after interruption of maternal uterine circulation in embryos with unclamped umbilical cords emphasizes the idea that even brief intervals of uterine ischemia are deleterious to the rabbit embryo. PMID- 7233340 TI - Thromboembolism in stroke patients. PMID- 7233343 TI - Medicine and the law: medicine and nursing--legal definitions encourage cooperation. PMID- 7233342 TI - Clinical experiences in residency training: some urban-rural comparisons. PMID- 7233341 TI - Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a genetic approach for disease prevention. PMID- 7233344 TI - [Digoxin or digitoxin? Glycoside choice in old age and in kidney and liver diseases]. PMID- 7233345 TI - [Occupational therapy and the significance of the human world of touch]. PMID- 7233346 TI - [The incidence of amebiasis in northern Sumatra]. PMID- 7233347 TI - [Juvenile criminality as a difference of opinion]. PMID- 7233348 TI - [The physician must be present at the time of birth in the hospital]. PMID- 7233349 TI - [The significance of the physician-patient relation in the treatment of essential hypertension]. PMID- 7233350 TI - [Problems in the detoxication of narcotic addicts]. PMID- 7233351 TI - [Secondary peripheral arterial diseases of traumatic origin]. PMID- 7233352 TI - [Treatment of acute and chronic urinary tract infections with tibirox]. PMID- 7233353 TI - [The foreign physician]. PMID- 7233354 TI - [Sexual disorders]. PMID- 7233356 TI - [Headache and the weather]. PMID- 7233355 TI - [Main characteristics of the treatment of liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7233357 TI - [Study of penetration of cefuroxime into bronchial secretions and of its placental transfer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233358 TI - [Determination of an administration route for the phenobarbital in neonates suffering from neurological troubles (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233359 TI - [Nalidixic acid concentration in renal tissue (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233360 TI - [Clofibrate pharmacokinetics in chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233362 TI - [Purpose of the test of Raby's transfer in the control of a treatment with heparin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233361 TI - [Vasodilator therapy for left ventricular failure in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233363 TI - [The immuno-allergic accidents induced by treatment with a venotropic agent containing catechines. Report of three cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233364 TI - [Bioequivalence of dosage forms. The confidence interval approach. Westlake's method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233365 TI - [Use of althesin in status epilepticus resistant to phenytoin]. PMID- 7233366 TI - [Drug monitoring, 50 years later. Apropos of paraffinomas]. PMID- 7233367 TI - [Plasma concentration of digoxin and digitoxin in elderly : correlation with clinical toxicity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233368 TI - [Comparative pharmacokinetics of antrafenine in healthy volunteers and in patients with chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233369 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of theophylline with asthmatic adults : different dosages given orally (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233370 TI - [Clinical pharmacokinetics of a microcrystalline theophylline (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233371 TI - [Comparative study of alminoprofene elimination in healthy subjects and in patients with renal or hepatic insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233372 TI - [Acute renal failure after administration of tienilic acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233375 TI - [Utilization of lidocaine in the acute phase of myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233374 TI - [Operational assessment of adverse drug reaction: a comparison of four algorithms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233373 TI - [Cardiac toxicity of vincamine: a seven cases report of ventricular arrhythmias by parenteral administration of vincamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233376 TI - [Effect of salbutamol in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233378 TI - [Can venous vasodilators prolong survival in cardiac failure?]. PMID- 7233377 TI - [Comparative evolution of prolactin plasma levels during antidepressant treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233379 TI - [A new side effect of L-asparaginase]. PMID- 7233380 TI - Responses of canine jugular veins and carotid arteries to hysterectomy: increased permeability and leukocyte adhesions and invasion. PMID- 7233381 TI - In vitro tests of the potential thrombogenicity of factor IX concentrates: inhibition and characterisation studies of NAPTT, TGt50 and PF3 moieties. PMID- 7233383 TI - Endothelial cell cultures of fibrillar collagen: partial reconstitution of the vessel wall and platelet adhesion. PMID- 7233382 TI - Effect of dietary linoleic acid on platelet function in the rat. PMID- 7233384 TI - Inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin III on a heparinized biomaterial. PMID- 7233385 TI - Effect of OP 1206, a prostaglandin E1 derivative, on guinea-pig platelet functions. PMID- 7233386 TI - Stabilization of plasma fibronectin following sulfhydryl blockade. PMID- 7233387 TI - Acetylsalicylic acid and bleeding time in juvenile diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7233388 TI - Giant fibrin fragments derived from crosslinked fibrin: structure and clinical implication. PMID- 7233389 TI - Effect of anti-platelet agents on circulating platelet aggregates in patients with glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7233390 TI - A method for the isolation of alpha-granules from human platelets. PMID- 7233391 TI - Structure activity relationships of 12-deoxyphorbol esters of human platelets. PMID- 7233392 TI - The properties of plasma antithrombin III before and after freezing at -20 degrees C. PMID- 7233393 TI - Sex differences in bleeding time and blood loss in normal subjects following aspirin ingestion. PMID- 7233394 TI - Effect of gliclazide on prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis in guinea-pig platelets. PMID- 7233395 TI - Detection of thrombus formation on intravascular catheters using 125I-fibrinogen. PMID- 7233396 TI - Isolation of plasma membrane vesicles of human platelets by affinity chromatography. PMID- 7233397 TI - The accuracy of the in vivo diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis in patients with prior venous thromboembolic disease or severe varicose veins. PMID- 7233398 TI - Identity between human and monkey platelet factor 4 antigen(s) in a RIA system. PMID- 7233399 TI - Relationship between the antithrombotic and anticoagulant effects of low molecular weight heparin. PMID- 7233400 TI - No effect of ovalbumin on the thrombin/fibrinogen reaction. PMID- 7233401 TI - Anagrelide: inhibitor of collagen and forming immune complex induced platelet aggregation and release. PMID- 7233402 TI - Platelet aggregation in native blood exposed to a shifting shear rate field. PMID- 7233403 TI - Demonstration of two forms of alpha 2-antiplasmin in plasma by modified crossed immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 7233404 TI - Antithrombin III deficiency in surgical intensive care patients. PMID- 7233405 TI - [An unusual case of equine lymphoid leukosis (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a three-year-old mare is reported, in which clinical examination revealed the presence of haemorrhagic diathesis as a result of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The animal also showed severe lameness which was due to involvement of the long bones. The diagnosis was only established after death. PMID- 7233406 TI - [Radiographic features of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in the growing dog and cat]. PMID- 7233408 TI - [Delayed parturition in sheep by clenbuterol (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of treatment with clenbuterol on lambing during the period from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. was studied in a field trial in sheep, which was continued for twenty two days. The date of tupping was not known. The sheep were divided into an experimental and a control group, each numbering 106 animals. Animals of the experimental group were assessed every day at approximately 7.30 p.m., using a system of scoring for the development of udders and vulvae, and were treated with oral administration of 200 micrograms of clenbuterol when the findings suggested that parturition would occur that night. Seventy-nine animals of the experimental group lambed. twelve of them lambing during the night (two of these had been treated in the evening before lambing); of the group of controls, seventy-two lambed, twenty-three doing so during the night (difference significant: P greater than 0.05). The difference in the number of lambings during the night between treated and untreated animals was highly significant (P less than 0.001). Side effects of clenbuterol were not recorded. The amount of clenbuterol used in the group of controls was: 3.49 tablets/lambing sheep, 5.03 tablets/treated sheep and 5.02 tables/treated and lambing sheep. This high consumption rate is attributed to the fact that the date of tupping was not known as well as to the defectiveness of the criteria on which the decision to treat or not to treat was based. PMID- 7233407 TI - [Serious illness in young pigs as a reaction to nematode larvae infestation?]. PMID- 7233409 TI - [Evaluating values: power and powerlessness of legislation (author's transl)]. AB - In the introduction, four developments in society are commented upon, which have had their effects on the functioning of the Public Prosecution ever since the creation of the Penal Code in 1881. This makes it clear that the conduct of affairs has to be directed towards criminal prosecution. Guided by the wording of Section 455, Paragraph 1 of the Penal Code (Cruelty to Animals), efforts made to formulate a number of starting-points for this conduct of affairs in matters relating to the protection of animals. In discussing this subject, particular attention is paid to the position of experts. PMID- 7233410 TI - [Evaluating values: social structures and handling values (author's transl)]. AB - Expectations regarding justice and legislation have been lagging behind developments in society. The (enforcement of) the law is no longer a matter of morals but rather of efficiency and is one of (several) means available to the state to make the population do (and omit) what it considers to be necessary because of 'Sachzwang'. In the final (technocratic) stage (Ellul) of the technological phase, the control of social processes is the main objective, implying, among others, making all positions and professions official and making all actions uniform. In his cyclic theory of the law, Ellul describes the appearance of groups having entirely new values as a counter-force. These are sub cultures which turn away from thinking in terms of economic efficiency, i.e. they refuse to take part in those types of performance on which technocracy is base ('Leistungsverweigerung', Boll). To get to know which part is merely protest and which are germs for the future, the evolutionary phase will have to be considered in addition to the cyclic phase. Of particular importance is the fundamental sociological law (Steiner) which implies that there is a trend in society, which is marked by the fact that institutions are increasingly becoming only acceptable to the extent to which they are conductive to the individual development of members. Whatever the concrete forms of future social structures may be, if they are to maintain themselves, they will have to possess the basic characteristic of individual development without power. PMID- 7233411 TI - [A digital disorder in dairy cattle. Dermatitis digitalis? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233412 TI - [Eperythrozoon parvum (Rickettsiales) in swine in the Netherland]. PMID- 7233413 TI - Serum HLA typing. AB - This paper establishes that HLA antigens can be detected in serum by lymphocytotoxicity inhibition. A score system is described which enables the degree of cytotoxicity inhibition to be quantitated. The following HLA antigens have been detected: A1, A2, A3, A11, Aw24, B5, B7, B8, B27, Bw35 and B40. It has not been possible to detect HLA-B12. PMID- 7233414 TI - HLA antigens and susceptibility to juvenile diabetes: do additive relative risks imply genetic heterogeneity? AB - The relative risk of B8/B15 heterozygotes for juvenile-onset diabetes is higher than the risk for people having B8 or B15 alone. This has been cited as evidence for genetic heterogeneity in juvenile diabetes. However, the observed relative risks are compatible with a single susceptibility allele. If disease susceptibility is recessive, for example, then an individual with two disease associated antigens is more likely to be susceptible than an individual with only one associated antigen. The relative risk for an HLA heterozygote should be intermediate between that of the respective homozygotes, so that an interaction effect of two alleles can only be supported if the heterozygote risk is significantly greater than both homozygote risks. The estimated relative risks for B8 and B15 homozygotes, based on data from four different populations, is approximately equal to the risk for B8/B15 heterozygotes. Moreover, disease manifestations which are differentially associated with B8 and B15, such as antibody production to exogenous insulin, may be due to linkage disequilibrium between HLA and other loci which are not directly related to susceptibility of juvenile diabetes. Therefore, while the susceptibility to juvenile diabetes may have several genetic forms, there is no support for distinct B8-associated and B15-associated forms of susceptibility. PMID- 7233415 TI - Technical aspects of the primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) technique. AB - The influence of different culture conditions in the primary and secondary cultures of the primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) technique was investigated with special reference to the discriminatory capacity of the PLT-cells generated. In the primary cultures, the maximal yield of PLT-cells was observed early (about day 7) and decreased thereafter, while the maximal specificity was obtained considerably later (about day 14). In the secondary cultures, the optimal culture time was in the interval 42 h - 72 h, and up to this culture length, gamma irradiation (2,200-8,800 rad) of the secondary stimulators had no effect on the 14C-thymidine uptake of the cultures. In U-form microtiterplates, the number of PLT-cells per well should not be less than 2.5 X 10(4), and higher PLT-cell numbers (e.g. 5.0 X 10(4) per well) may confer further robustness upon the technique. The PLT-cell response and the discrimination was only slightly influenced by the number of secondary stimulator cells in the interval 5 X 10(4) to 2 X 10(5) cells per well. Freezing of the PLT-cells under controlled conditions resulted in a minor loss of viable eosin-excluding cells, while the specificity of the PLT-cells was unaffected. Even when the culture conditions are standardized, it is necessary to perform a normalization of the data in order to obtain reproducible results. The normalization procedure should include a compensation for the variation in (i) the general responding capacity of each PLT cell and in (ii) the general stimulatory capacity of each secondary stimulator. PMID- 7233416 TI - HLA in a selective aldosterone biosynthetic defect due to type 2 corticosterone methyl-oxidase deficiency. AB - HLA phenotypes were studied in nine Jewish families, originating from Iran, with 18 individuals affected with a selective aldosterone biosynthetic defect and 12 healthy siblings. This disorder is inherited through an autosomal recessive gene and parents were consanguineously related in eight out of nine sibships. Family analysis showed that 18 affected individuals carried 20 different haplotypes and only two patients were homozygous for a haplotype. Yet a peak lod score of 1.128 was obtained for the recombinant fraction of 0.05 and thus linkage to HLA cannot be ruled out. PMID- 7233417 TI - Behcet's disease: lack of correlation of clinical manifestations with HLA antigens. AB - It has been suggested that certain tissue types are associated with different clinical manifestations of Behcet's disease in Japan and England. Regional differences in the associations between HLA antigens and Behcet's disease have been established. We tissue type 119 patients with Behcet's disease in Istanbul and attempted to correlate various clinical manifestations with HLA antigens. The frequency of only one tissue antigen, HLA-B5, was found to be increased in these series. HLA-B5 was present in 94 of 119 patients (77%) compared to 89 of 268 controls (33%), P less than 0.0001, ARR = 6.79. Age of onset, sex, incidences of ocular disease, arthritis, thrombophlebitis and erythema nodosum did not show any positive or negative associations with any of the alleles tested. PMID- 7233418 TI - HLA-DR antigens in pemphigus among Japanese. AB - The frequency of HLA-DR4 was significantly increased at P less than 0.02 in 37 unrelated pemphigus patients (62.2%), when compared with unrelated 73 healthy controls (30.1%). This antigen was more frequently found in pemphigus foliaceus (70.6%) than pemphigus vulgaris (55.8%). PMID- 7233419 TI - HLA study in a live-born infant with triploidy of paternal origin. PMID- 7233420 TI - Table of critical chi-square values for investigations involving multiple comparisons. PMID- 7233421 TI - HLA and Chinese patients with subacute (De Quervain's) thyroiditis. PMID- 7233422 TI - HLA-B27 and frozen shoulder. PMID- 7233423 TI - Effect of gene interaction on susceptibility to disease. PMID- 7233424 TI - Congenital factor X deficiency in Japan. AB - Congenital factor X deficiency is a very rare inherited coagulation abnormality. There have been reported 43 cases of this disorder in the world and only 2 cases in Japan. Recently, we have hemostatically and immunologically examined as many as 3 cases of this rare disease, 18-year-old male, 11-year-old male and 6-year old female. Hemostatic examinations revealed prolonged prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and decreased serum thromboplastic activity in these 3 cases. Stypven-cephalin clotting time was also abnormal. Factor X activities of our cases were low when assayed by either tissue thromboplastin and partial thromboplastin or by Stypven-cephalin mixture, which were 2.6, 1.5 and 4.5%, respectively. The half lives of infused factor X were 24, 38.6 and 56 hr, respectively, which are consistent with the data of other authors. Immunological assay of factor X (radioimmunoassay) showed 0.47 microgram/ml in the second case and 0.15 microgram/ml in the third case, from which our cases were considered to be classical factor X deficiency. PMID- 7233425 TI - Incorporation of radioactive free fatty acids into glycerolipids of subcellular fractions from human tonsil lymphocytes. AB - Human tonsil lymphocytes were cultured with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for 1-72 hr. Throughout the culture periods studied, PHA stimulated similarly the synthesis of triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine from radioactive free fatty acids. There was no significant difference in the stimulation of cellular uptake of different labeled fatty acids tested (palmitic, stearic, oleic and arachidonic acids). Human tonsil lymphocytes were shown to be composed of heterogeneous cell populations with respect to the activities of cellular uptake of free fatty acids. The cells were subfractionated after being labeled with radioactive fatty acids for 6 hr. We found that the light and heavy plasma membranes, which are known to occur in human tonsil lymphocytes, are distinctly different from each other with respect to the labeling patterns of glycerolipids and also to the response to PHA. In the light plasma membranes, the labeling of phospholipids relative to that of triacylglycerol was much less than that of heavy plasma membranes and other organelles, though radioactivity of phosphatidylcholine per mg protein of light plasma membranes was the highest of any other organelles. Furthermore, the stimulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis by PHA appeared most markedly in the light plasma membranes in comparison to other subcellular fractions. PMID- 7233427 TI - Effect of heparin Na on the action of various bronchoconstrictors in guinea pig tracheal strips. AB - The effect of heparin Na on the actions of various bronchoconstrictors was examined. Guinea pig tracheal strips were suspended in bioassay glass chambers and superfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution, pH 7.4, at 37 degrees C saturated with oxygen and carbon dioxide gas (95:5, v/v). Contraction of the tissue was detected by an isotonic transducer and displayed on a polyrecorder. Heparin Na attenuated histamine-, prostaglandin F2 alpha-, acetylcholine-, serotonin-induced contractile responses dose-dependently, and shifted the dose-response curves of histamine, prostaglandin F2 alpha, acetylcholine, serotonin and bradykinin downward. PMID- 7233426 TI - The role of monocytes and prostaglandin E in the regulation of mitogen response. AB - The incubation of human monocyte rich fraction with PWM and SRBC revealed the production of significant amount of PGE in the supernate, suggesting the participation of PGE produced by monocytes in mitogen response. Con A-induced 3H thymidine incorporation by lymphocytes was enhanced by addition of monocytes, and was further increased in the presence of indomethacine. These indicate that monocytes have helper effect in mitogen stimulation and are regulating the response through the production of PGE. PMID- 7233428 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials elicited by mechanical and electrical stimulation of each single pain or tactile spot of the skin. AB - Single pain and tactile spots on the dorsum of the right hand in man were stimulated by electric pulses and mechanical taps using a needle to a pain spot and a horse tail bristle to a tactile one. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and far field potentials (FFPs) were observed in three volunteers by averaging of 200 or 400 samples of responses recorded from scalp points corresponding to the left and right somatosensory areas (LSA and RSA). For SEP measurements, the difference between responses at LSA and RSA was obtained in order to specify the optimum response at LSA. The patterns of SEPs elicited by mechanical or electrical stimulation to a pain spot were similar to those to a tactile one. The typical SEP to mechanical stimulation consisted of N23, P31, N40, P49, N64, P87, N114 and P147, while that to electrical stimulation did of N24, P33, N42, P52, N66, P95, N122 and P156. Consequently, mean peak latencies of the later components in SEPs elicited by mechanical stimulation were earlier than those to electrical one. The SEP amplitudes for mechanical stimulation were 1-3 microV and were larger than those to electrical one. By mechanical stimulation FFPs could not be obtained, while by electrical stimulation FFPs in peak latency of approximately 14 msec (P14) were seen. No specific components to sensory modality of pain or tactile sensation were observed either in SEPs or in FFPs. PMID- 7233429 TI - A fluid dynamical theory of microexplosion for medicine and biology. AB - The possibility of an application of microexplosion to medicine has been studied by Watanabe et al., who found silver azide and lead azide to be most suitable explosives for this purpose. In the present paper, we calculated by means of fluid dynamics some mechanical effects produced by "microexplosives" such as (i) solid-angle dependence of pressure, (ii) distance-dependence of pressure, (iii) velocity of the shock wave, (iv) time-dependence of pressure, (v) temperature and (vi) energy efficiency. PMID- 7233430 TI - Long-term and carry-over effect of dietary inorganic cyanide (KCN) in the life cycle performance and metabolism of rats. PMID- 7233431 TI - Acute exposure of rhesus monkeys to dieldrin: effect on lipid metabolism. PMID- 7233432 TI - Comparative study of 8-monohydromirex and mirex toxicity in male rats. PMID- 7233433 TI - Effect of aluminum hydroxide on plasma fluoride and fluoride excretion during a high fluoride intake in man. PMID- 7233434 TI - Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and epoxide hydrolase in rat liver, kidney, testis, prostate glands, and stomach by a potent nematocide, 1,2-dibromo 3-chloropropane. PMID- 7233435 TI - Proximal tubule brush border alterations during the course of chromate nephropathy. PMID- 7233436 TI - Toxicological assessment of heat transfer fluids proposed for use in solar energy applications, II. PMID- 7233437 TI - Murine lymphocyte comitogenesis by phorbol esters, and its inhibition by retinoic acid and inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. PMID- 7233438 TI - Absence of effects of lead feedings and growth-retardation on mitochondrial and microsomal cytochromes in the developing brain. PMID- 7233439 TI - Selenium antagonism of cadmium-induced inhibition of hepatic drug metabolism in the male rat. PMID- 7233440 TI - Effects of continuous administration of dietary theobromine on rat testicular weight and morphology. PMID- 7233441 TI - Inhibition of lipid peroxidation without prevention of cellular injury in isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7233442 TI - Depression of cytochrome P-450-dependent drug biotransformation by adriamycin. PMID- 7233443 TI - Biotransformation and porphyringogenic action of hexachlorobenzene and its metabolites in a primary liver cell culture. AB - Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is metabolized in a primary culture of chick embryo liver cells and causes porphyrin accumulation within 24 h after administration. The HCB metabolites, pentachlorothiophenol (PCThP), pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) identified in liver cell culture are already known from long-term experiments with rats. The pattern of accumulated porphyrins is comparable with the pathological porphyrin pattern observed in oral feeding studies with warm blooded laboratory animals. Protein bound radioactivity was found in cell cultures treated with [14C] HCB. Addition of the monooxygenase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide or ascorbic acid decreased the irreversible binding of 14C-metabolites. The results show that biotransformation of HCB fulfils an essential role in the onset of porphyria. Since none of the main HCB-metabolites could induce a pathological porphyrin pattern, a reactive intermediate capable of reacting with glutathione or thiol-groups of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROG D) is believed to be responsible for the inhibition of UROG-D. The chick embryo liver cell system may be considered as a useful and sensitive system for studying the metabolism of xenobiotics in relation to their toxicity. PMID- 7233444 TI - Factors affecting the efflux of paraquat from rat lung slices. AB - In an attempt to reduce the toxicity of paraquat several compounds were examined for their ability to increase the rate of efflux of paraquat from the lung. The compounds were selected because they were known, from in vitro studies, to reduce the accumulation of paraquat into the lung. Histamine (100 MicroM), promethazine (100 microM), putrescine (100 microM), bromthymol blue (300 microM) and the metabolic inhibitors iodoacetate (1 mM), rotenone (100 microM) and KCN (1 mM) have been shown to reduce the accumulation of paraquat into rat lung slices, as did the incubation of slices under nitrogen. The efflux of paraquat from lung slices prepared from rats dosed intravenously with paraquat was biphasic, having a very fast component and a slow component. The slow component was first order and was characterised by a t1/2 of 17 h. This half life is similar to that seen in vivo (24 h) following intravenous dosing. When lung slices prepared from rats dosed intravenously with paraquat were incubated in the presence of iodoacetate (1 mM) or under nitrogen, the half life of paraquat in the slices was reduced to approximately 3 h. In the presence of rotenone (100 microM) it was reduced to approximately 9 h. Histamine (100 microM) and promethazine (100 microM) did not affect the efflux of paraquat from lung slices. Bromthymol blue, a dye which forms "ion pair" complexes with paraquat, also significantly increased the efflux of paraquat from lung slices. The effect of bromthymol blue, however, decreased with time and thus paraquat efflux in the presence of bromthymol blue did not obey first order kinetics. In order to measure cellular viability of lung slices, oxygen consumption, glucose oxidation and the rate of the efflux of protein from the slices into the incubation medium were determined. Iodoacetate (1 mM) and rotenone (100 mM) almost abolished oxygen consumption and glucose oxidation whereas these activities were inhibited to a lesser extent by bromthymol blue (300 microM) (18% and 30%, respectively). During the first 30 min of incubation in the presence of KCN (1 mM) oxygen consumption was almost abolished but between 30 min and 4 h returned to control levels. The effect of KCN could therefore be divided into 2 phases. Over 4 h incubation glucose oxidation was inhibited by 36%. Iodoacetate (1 mM) and incubation under nitrogen caused the most pronounced increases in the rate of protein efflux from slices. KCN (1 mM) and rotenone (100 microM) also increased the rate of protein efflux but to a lesser extent. We have therefore suggested that the effect of KCN (1 mM) on cellular viability, while severe, may be less than that of iodoacetate (1 mM) or incubation under nitrogen... PMID- 7233445 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationships in fish toxicity studies. Part 1: relationship for 50 industrial pollutants. AB - LC50-experiments have been conducted using guppies subjected to 72 industrial pollutants. The correlation of the LC50 with several expressions of the hydrophobicity of these chemicals has been studied. Calculated log Poct-values appeared to satisfy more than HPLC retention indices, solubility data or molecular connectivity indices. One QSAR, with log Poct as the only variable, gave good estimations of the toxicity of most of the tested compounds with log Poct less than 6. No LC50 could be determined for solutions of compounds with log Poct greater than 6. PMID- 7233446 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationships in fish toxicity studies. Part 2: the influence of pH on the QSAR of chlorophenols. PMID- 7233447 TI - Fish toxicity tests with mixtures of more than two chemicals: a proposal for a quantitative approach and experimental results. AB - The problem of the toxic action of mixtures of many chemicals has been studied. Starting with the classification of Plackett and Hewlett, the types of mixtures for which toxicity can be predicted is discussed. A Mixture Toxicity Index (MTI) has been proposed as a quantification of the result of mixture toxicity experiments. Toxicity experiments with guppies have been conducted, using 6 mixtures of 3--50 chemicals. The toxicity of mixtures of simple similarly acting chemicals could be predicted by Concentration Addition. The concentrations of the separate chemicals in a mixture of 50 compounds giving 50% mortality, were 0.02 X LC50. PMID- 7233448 TI - Toxicological effects of dichlorvos (DDVP) on brain and liver acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of Tilapia mossambica, Peters. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of T. mossambica in relation to the interacting effects of aging and sub-lethal concentrations of Dichlorvos was studied. The enzyme activity of brain and liver decreased with increasing size (and age) and DDVP-exposed fish showed considerable inhibition of brain and liver AChE. The degree of enzyme inhibition followed a positive correlation with the insecticide concentration and the time of exposure. Brain exhibited a higher degree of enzyme inhibition in all age groups of fish as compared to liver. Small fish were more susceptible to the insecticide with respect to AChE activity. When transferred to clean water most of the exposed fish recovered their AChE activity and the recovery was greater in liver than in brain. Small fish exhibited comparatively a high level of recovery in the AChE activity. The degree of recovery followed an inverse relationship with the time of exposure. PMID- 7233449 TI - The influence of high dietary zinc on tissue disposition and urinary excretion of cadmium, zinc, copper and iron after repeated parenteral administration of cadmium to rats. AB - The administration of a high dietary supplement of zinc sulphate (2000 ppm) to rats for 28 days produced no effect upon growth rate of the animals but caused in increased food intake. The supplement had no effect upon the reduction of growth rate caused by the daily injection of cadmium chloride (1.5 mg/kg). Zinc supplemented animals showed an increased accumulation of zinc in the liver and kidney, plasma zinc levels were significantly increased and there was an elevated excretion of zinc in the urine compared to control animals. Cadmium-treated, zinc supplemented animals had a higher concentration of cadmium in the liver compared to animals treated only with cadmium. The high dietary zinc did not interfere with tissue or plasma concentration of copper and iron, nor did it influence the cadmium-induced changes in these metals. There was some indication however of a decreased urinary excretion of copper. PMID- 7233450 TI - Factors affecting induction of lung aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. AB - Induction of lung aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity has been studied in rats following their exposure to different regimes of cigarette smoke produced from tobacco and the tobacco substitute NSM. The rate of induction of AHH was maximal during the first 3 days of exposure to tobacco smoke. The frequency of exposure to tobacco smoke was apparently more important in influencing induction of AHH than was the duration of the exposure. After cessation of exposure to smoke, AHH activity declined to control levels within about 3 days. Tobacco smoke was a more potent inducer of AHH than was smoke from NSM. Measurement of AHH may provide a useful means of assessing whether animals involved in toxicity studies of smoking materials inhale sufficient total particulate matter to provoke a biological response, such as induction of AHH. PMID- 7233451 TI - Study on the role of maternal sex steroid production and metabolism in the embryotoxicity of para-xylene. AB - CFY rats were exposed to inhalation of clean air or air containing para-xylene (3000 mg/m3) on the 10th, and 9th and 10th days of gestation. Uterine and ovarian venous blood flow, fetal weight, ovarian progesterone and 17 beta-oestradiol secretion, and the progesterone and 17 beta-oestradiol level of peripheral blood (uterine and femoral veins) were measured on the 11th day of gestation. Exposure to para-xylene decreased the weight of the fetuses and the progesterone and 17 beta-oestradiol levels of peripheral blood, but it did not influence the uterine and ovarian venous outflow and the ovarian progesterone and 17 beta-oestradiol secretion rate. It is concluded that para-xylene, by inducing the hepatic monooxygenase system, facilitates the biotransformation of progesterone and 17 beta-oestradiol, which is metabolized by this enzyme system. The decrease in the sex hormone level of peripheral blood is supposed to play a role in the embryotoxicity (retarding and lethal effects) of para-xylene. PMID- 7233452 TI - A simple technique for the removal of formvar from carbon-formvar coated grids. PMID- 7233453 TI - Structure-activity relationships of four 11-hydroxyestrones isomeric at the C-9 and C-11 positions. AB - The synthesis of 11 alpha-hydroxyestrone, 11 alpha-hydroxy-9 beta-estrone, and 11 beta-hydroxy-9 beta-estrone are presented. The reduction of 11-keto-9 beta estrone 17-ethyleneketal by sodium in ethanol or sodium borohydride resulted in 11-hydroxy-9 beta-estrones. The 11-hydroxyl group configurations were opposite to expectations: sodium in boiling ethanol afforded the axial 11 beta-hydroxy-9 beta estrone, while sodium borohydride in boiling tetrahydrofuran gave the equatorial 11 alpha-hydroxy-9 beta-estrone. In immature rat uterotropic bioassays using subcutaneous injections, 11 alpha-hydroxyestrone was 2 times as active as 11 alpha-hydroxy-9 beta-estrone, and 11 beta-hydroxyestrone was 10 times as active as 11 beta-hydroxy-9 beta-estrone. PMID- 7233454 TI - dl-17 beta-hydroxy-8 alpha-androst-4-en-3-one (8-isotestosterone). AB - The molecular conformation of dl-8-isotestosterone has been determined crystallographically. Crystals of the title compound belong to the space group P21/c with a = 11.449(4), b = 10.962(4), c = 25.860(5) A, beta = 100.95(4)o, with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The structure has been refined to a final R value of 0.052 for 2227 reflections. Unlike testosterone, which is a flat molecule, its 8-isomer has a folded conformation. The conformations of the ring-B in the two crystallographically independent molecules (A and B) corresponded to the twist form and differ significantly from one another. PMID- 7233455 TI - 17-Ketosteroids via a base induced cleavage of C-17-dihydroxy acetone side chains. AB - A new, base-catalyzed cleavage of C21-steroids to give 17-ketosteroids is described. This reaction is specific for those steroids containing the C-17 dihydroxy acetone side chain. In the presence of oxygen, these same reaction conditions readily degrade corticosterone to the 17 beta-carboxylic acid. PMID- 7233456 TI - Conversion of 15 alpha-hydroxy-11-oxo-progesterone to 3 beta, 11 alpha, 15 beta trihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one. AB - 3 beta, 11 alpha, 15 beta-Trihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one, an intermediate required for the synthesis of the oogoniols, has been prepared from 15 alpha-hydroxy-11 oxoprogesterone in an overall yield of 16%. The three isomers (at C-11, C-15) of the pregnene were also prepared. PMID- 7233457 TI - Androgen metabolism in male and female breast tissue. AB - Incubation studies have been carried out using normal breast tissue and breast tissue from patients with gynecomastia, mammary dysplasia and breast carcinoma to determine the pattern of androstenedione metabolism. All tissues formed estrone (E1) and testosterone (T) in all incubations. Estradiol (E2) was isolated in incubations of tissue from 1 of 6 patients with mammary dysplasia, 5 of 6 patients with gynecomastia and in all incubations with normal and carcinoma tissue. Estrone formation was lowest in mammary dysplasia and gynecomastia, and higher in apparently normal breast tissue. The greatest E1 formation was found in incubations with breast carcinoma tissue, although there was considerable variation within this tissue group. Estradiol formation was low in all tissues, with the highest conversion rates in carcinoma tissue. Testosterone formation in carcinoma tissue was greater than in mammary dysplasia or gynecomastia, but similar to apparently normal tissue. These results indicate that breast tissue from different pathological states varies in its capacity to aromatize androstenedione (A) to estrogenic products and to convert it to other androgens. They have also shown that the pattern of metabolism is distinctive for the nature of the pathological abnormality. PMID- 7233458 TI - Decreasing trend in incidence and mortality from stroke in Hisayama residents, Japan. AB - The incidence and mortality from stroke during the period 1961 to 1976, among 1,621 subjects aged 40 and over at entry, in Hisayama community, Kyushu Island, Japan, were analyzed. A major age-related decline in the incidence of cerebral infarction occurred in both sexes. The average annual incidence of cerebral infarction also fell continuously in both sexes throughout the whole observation period. The 5-year annual mortality rate from cerebral hemorrhage also showed a decrease in men, but fluctuated in women. The 5-year mortality from cerebral infarction slightly increased in both sexes. PMID- 7233459 TI - Comparison between hydrogen clearance and microsphere technique for rCBF measurement. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow was measured repeatedly in anesthetized and immobilized cats under various experimental conditions by recording the clearance of inhaled hydrogen with inserted platinum electrodes and by recording the distribution of 15 mu microspheres labeled with 3 different radioisotopes. The values for both methods in normal cortical tissue were comparable (75.7 +/- 23.5 ml/100 g min for H2-clearance; 67.6 +/- 26.2 ml/100 g min for microsphere technique), but were below those recorded in awake cats. With both methods the values could be reliably reproduced (correlation coefficient between measurements: 0.903 for H2-clearance, 0.754 for microsphere technique). During ischemia induced by temporary occlusion of the middle cerebral artery the microsphere technique usually yielded higher flow values than the H2-clearance, and did not indicate severe ischemia in 6 out of 20 instances. After restoration of flow, hyperperfusion was observed by the microsphere technique in 2 cases only while H2-clearance indicated hyperemia in 6 instances. This limited comparability between the 2 methods was also expressed in a low correlation coefficient (0.486) calculated from 139 flow values obtained simultaneously with both methods. The discrepancy between the methods under pathological conditions might be due mainly to the different recording volumes: while Pt-electrodes record H2-clearance from a few mm3 or less, tissue samples of 300-700 mg were necessary for the microsphere technique and inhomogeneities of flow may thereby escape detection. The technique for measuring cerebral blood flow in an experimental setup should be selected according to the requirements of the study and according to the limitations of the various methods. PMID- 7233460 TI - Lipoprotein abnormalities in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction and transient ischemic attack. AB - HDL-cholesterol levels were determined by a heparin-Ca precipitation method in 89 survivors of cerebral infarction (CI) (75 males, 14 females) and 14 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) (8 males, 6 females). The mean values of HDL cholesterol concentration and HDL:LDL-cholesterol ratio for both sexes of CI patients were significantly lower than those of the healthy controls (37 males, 14 females). These values for CI patients were significantly lower than in patients with various diseases excluding cardiovascular disease, hepatic disease, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and degenerative disorders of the nervous system (46 males, 43 females). In patients with TIA, these differences were statistically significant only for men. Based on the patient's history, clinical signs and symptoms and the findings of computerized tomography and 4-vessel angiography, male CI patients were divided into 2 sub-groups, CI believed to be in the distribution of a perforating artery and CI in the distribution of a cortical artery; it was found that the HDL-cholesterol level and HDL:LDL cholesterol ratio were significantly lower in the cortical artery group than in the perforating artery group, suggesting that these lipoprotein abnormalities may play a part in the pathogenesis of CI, particularly of the cortical artery area infarction. PMID- 7233461 TI - Giant fusiform aneurysm of the cerebral arteries. AB - Giant fusiform aneurysm of the cerebral arteries was found in 11 patients during a 20-year period. The 7 males and 4 females ranged in age from 9 to 68 years (mean: 49 years). The supraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the M-1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequently involved arteries. Multiple aneurysms were identified in 3 patients. Compression of adjacent intracranial structures was the usual cause of symptoms, and only 2 patients experienced subarachnoid hemorrhage. One patient presented with transient ischemic attacks. Computed tomography, with and without Hypaque infusion, clearly demonstrated the aneurysms in the 6 of 7 patients studied. Thrombus was invariably seen in the lumen of the aneurysm. Cerebral angiography in 11 patients displayed marked dilatation and elongation of the involved artery. The dilatation frequently extended into connecting arteries. Surgical treatment was carried out in 6 patients, including 2 with aneurysm entrapment and decompression, 2 with proximal ICA ligation, 1 with wrapping and 1 with wrapping and superficial temporal artery (STA) to MCA anastomosis. Death occurred in 2 patients not treated surgically. PMID- 7233462 TI - Concordance of inhalation rCBFs with clinical evidence of cerebral ischemia. AB - Using the 133-Xenon inhalation technique, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and hemispheric blood flow (HBF) were determined serially in 45 patients with acute stroke undergoing pharmacologic trials and in 8 transient ischemic attacks (TIA) schedules for superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomoses. Both patient populations had lower blood flow than a control group of similar ages. Patients in both populations with lateralized clinical signs demonstrated an asymmetry in HBF which corresponded to their clinical signs. In the stroke population, the trend we expected over time toward development of asymmetrical HBF as the non-infarcted hemisphere recovered from diaschisis did not appear. PMID- 7233463 TI - Fibromuscular disease of carotid arteries: long term results of graduated internal dilatation. AB - From 1967 to 1979, 25 patients (pts) were operated on for fibromuscular disease (FMD) of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Eleven patients (44%) had transient weakness of an extremity, 4 had amaurosis fugax and 6 (24%) had an asymptomatic carotid bruit. Bilateral carotid arteriography showed significant stenotic lesions in 23 pts (92%) (bilateral in 10), arterial dissection in 1, and severe associated atherosclerosis with ICA endarterectomy and graduated internal dilatation (GID) (9 bilateral); 2 underwent GID with ICA endarterectomy and patch graft: 1 pt had tube graft replacement of the ICA. There was no operative mortality. One pt had a stroke during operation after tube graft replacement of the ICA. Of the 19 pts followed for 2 to 12 years (mean 7.3 years), 2 had late recurrence of mild symptoms. One pt required GID of the contralateral ICA recurrence of symptoms 4 years postoperatively. Graduated internal dilatation of fibromuscular disease of the internal carotid artery can produce long term relief of symptoms; recurrence is rare. PMID- 7233464 TI - Plasma norepinephrine in stroke. AB - Cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial necrosis and ECG abnormalities in stroke may result from abnormally high levels of sympathetic activity. To examine this possibility, plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine were measured in 74 patients with cerebral infarction, 18 with transient ischemic attacks and 33 non stroke controls. Mean norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine values (pg/ml) in cerebral infarction (433.2, 81.6, 75.6 were higher (p less than 0.01) than in controls (281.1, 60.1, 40.5, respectively). Transient ischemic attacks produced values intermediate to these two groups (391.3, 80.9, 54.9). The elevated catecholamine concentrations in cerebral infarction could not be explained by differences in age, blood pressure, heart rate, stress, type or severity of stroke. The high plasma norepinephrine in the stroke group is consistent with an increase in peripheral sympathetic activity which could produce the cardiac abnormalities of cerebral infarction. PMID- 7233465 TI - In vivo and In vitro studies on the cerebrovascular dilatation induced by diazoxide in normotensive and renal hypertensive goats. AB - We studied the in vivo and in vitro effects of diazoxide on the cerebral circulation of 8 normotensive (mean arterial pressure = 100 mm Hg) and 5 renal hypertensive (mean arterial pressure = 146 mm Hg) goats. Injections of diazoxide (0.3-27 mg) into the internal maxillary artery of unanesthetized goats produced dose-dependent increases in cerebral blood flow (electromagnetic flowmeter), this effect being significantly higher in hypertensive goats. Intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg of diazoxide into normotensive goats increased cerebral blood flow 40 ml/min/100 g and mean arterial pressure dropped 22 mm Hg whereas in hypertensive goats cerebral blood flow was unchanged and mean arterial pressure decreased 50 mm Hg. The increase in heart rate due to intravenous diazoxide was similar in normotensive and hypertensive goats (35 beats/min). Cumulative applications of diazoxide (10(-5) to 10(-3)M) on isolated middle cerebral arteries produced dilatory responses both under resting conditions and after previous tonic contraction by serotonin. This relaxation was significantly greater in arterial segments from hypertensive goats. The results indicate that diazoxide exerts powerful dilatatory effects on cerebral vessels, both in vivo and in vitro, and that these effects are particularly evident in hypertensive animals. PMID- 7233466 TI - Blood flow and regulation of blood flow in experimental peritumoral edema. AB - In 27 pentobarbital-anesthetized cats cerebral blood flow and regulation of cerebral blood flow was measured one to 3 weeks following stereotactical xenotransplantation of a rat glioma clone into the internal capsula. Tumor growth was accompanied by severe vasogenic peritumoral edema in the white matter of the tumor-bearing hemisphere. White matter water content in the vicinity of the tumor increased from 69.1 +/- 0.9 to 0.5 +/- 0.7 ml/100 g wet weight (means +/- SE) which corresponds to an increase in tissue volume of about 60%. Intracranial pressure after 3 weeks was 12 +/- 2.6 mm Hg. Blood flow in the peritumoral white matter decreased from 32.2 +/- 5.6 to 18.6 +/- 1.9 ml/100/g/min but it did not change in the peritumoral grey matter or the opposite hemisphere. The decrease in blood flow was due to the volume expansion of the swollen edematous tissue and not to a compression of the microcirculation because neither flow nor vascular resistance changed when referred to dry rather than to wet weight of the edematous tissue. Flow regulation in the peritumoral edematous white matter was disturbed. CO2 reactivity of blood flow was 5.4% mm Hg change in aPCO2 (non edematous contralateral white matter 6.4%/mm Hg), and the autoregulatory capacity between 40 and 170 mm Hg was 0.7%/mm Hg (non-edematous white matter 1.0% mm Hg). It is concluded that in the absence of significant intracranial hypertension, even severe degrees of vasogenic peritumoral edema do not interfere with blood flow and flow regulation. This is in contrast to the cytotoxic type of edema, and indicates that microcirculatory compression by edema, when present, is the consequence of pericapillary glial hydrops and not of an accumulation of extravasated edema fluid. PMID- 7233467 TI - Microcirculatory obstruction in focal cerebral ischemia: albumin and erythrocyte transit. AB - The objectives were to study plasma and erythrocyte flow in an area of acute focal cerebral ischemia and define their relationship to developing microcirculatory obstruction as determined by morphological techniques. Eighteen adult cats, anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride, had right middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Plasma flow was determined by measuring the transit of Iodine-131 (131I) albumin and erythrocyte flow was determined by measuring the transit of Technetium-99 (99Tc) labeled erythrocytes in the right Sylvian region. Transit studies were performed before and immediately after right MCA occlusion and at the end of the ischemic period, 1 hour, 3 hours, or 6 hours after occlusion. Intra-arterial perfusion with a buffered formaldehyde - colloidal carbon solution was carried out after completion of the isotope studies. Swelling of cerebral tissue and impaired carbon filling in the right MCA territory were seen initially after 3 hours occlusion and were more severe after 6 hours occlusion. Ischemic neuronal alterations, edema formation, and capillary luminal narrowing increased with longer periods of occlusion. 131I albumin transit time in the right Sylvian region was 8 +/- 2 seconds before occlusion and 10 +/- 2 seconds immediately after occlusion. 99Tc erythrocyte transit time was 10 +/- 2 seconds before occlusion and 12 +/- 3 seconds immediately after occlusion. 99Tc erythrocyte transit time was 10 +/- 2 seconds before occlusion and 12 +/- 3 seconds immediately after occlusion. Transit times increased progressively with longer periods of occlusion in cats developing cortical ischemic changes. No evidence of complete microcirculatory obstruction to albumin and erythrocyte transit was seen in cats with 6 hours of occlusion despite the impaired filling of the cortical microcirculation with carbon. There were no findings to substantiate the hypothesis that plasmapheresis develops during the early phases of cerebral infarction. PMID- 7233468 TI - Influence of superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass on cerebral blood flow in dogs with middle cerebral artery occlusion. AB - Eight dogs had a superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis, followed immediately by ligation of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery. Subsequently, utilizing the radioactive microsphere technique, regional cerebral blood flow determinations were made both before and after ligation of the superficial temporal artery. A significant reduction in blood flow of 20-35% was noted in both cerebral hemispheres, caudate and thalamic nuclei, brain stem and cerebellum following occlusion of the bypass. It is our impression that this generalized reduction in flow is due to a redistribution of blood from normal areas previously supplied by the bypass. This implies that the newly created extracranial to intracranial arterial anastomosis reduces the shunting of blood from zones of higher to zones of lower flow through the circle of Willis and leptomeningeal collaterals. It also suggests a mechanism for the development in neurological function referable to areas of the brain remote from the bypass which is detected in some patients after STA-MCA anastomosis. PMID- 7233469 TI - Embolism distal to stenosis of the middle cerebral artery. AB - Fibrin-platelet microembolism in cortical branches distal to stenosis of the middle cerebral artery was directly visualized in a patient with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and was histopathologically confirmed. Cerebral microembolism may produce TIA in patients with stenosis of the middle cerebral artery and may influence the success of the extracranial-intracranial bypass operation in treatment of these patients. PMID- 7233470 TI - Anterior spinal artery aneurysm presenting as a subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - A woman who presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured anterior spinal artery aneurysm of the spinal cord is reported. While this is the first report of a ruptured aneurysm of the anterior spinal artery with angiographic confirmation, it emphasizes that occasionally subarachnoid hemorrhage may be secondary to ruptured spinal artery aneurysms. PMID- 7233471 TI - Arterial supply of the feline motor cortex. AB - The arterial supply of the feline motor cortex is derived from both the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. The anterior cerebral artery supplies most of cortical area 6 (premotor cortex), the intrafundal cruciate and medial postcruciate cortex, (hindlimb motor cortex), and the midline and medial portions of the sensory areas 3a-7. The middle cerebral artery supplies the lateral prorean cortex, (lateral premotor cortex), precruciate and lateral sigmoid cortex, (forelimb motor cortex), and the remainder of the coronal and Sylvian cortical areas. PMID- 7233472 TI - Brain extracellular ion composition and EEG activity following 10 minutes ischemia in normo- and hyperglycemic rats. AB - Hyperglycemia severely impairs the outcome from cerebral ischemia. In order to sort out whether impaired brain ion homeostasis contributes extracellular "K+], [Ca++], and [H+] concentrations, [K+]e, [Ca++]e and [H+]e, of the brain cortex, as well as the EEG, were monitored during and after 10 minutes of complete cerebral ischemia in normo- and hyperglycemic rats. In both groups, the EEG activity disappeared in 10-20 seconds of ischemia, at a time when [K+]e, [Ca++]e and [H+]e started to increase. After about 1.5 min, [K+]e showed an abrupt increase and [Ca++]e a steep decrease in the normoglycemic group. In the hyperglycemic group the same event took place after about 3 min of ischemia. pHe decreased to 6.6 and 6.1 in the normoglycemic and hyperglycemic group, respectively. Following the ischemic episode [K+]e reached pre-ischemic level after 4 min, [Ca++]e after 13 min, and [H+]e after 30 min in both groups. Recovery of the EEG, however, was clearly different in the 2 groups. EEG-activity reappeared later in the hyperglycemic group and showed after one hour a pattern of burst-suppression activity while the normoglycemic group showed asynchronous activity resembling the control pattern. It is concluded that high glucose content in brain prior to ischemia - and hence lower brain pH during ischemia - does not interfere with the return of normal extracellular ion composition after cerebral ischemia, whereas the return and pattern of EEG activity is severely affected. PMID- 7233473 TI - Regional arm-brain mean transit time in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with cerebral vascular disease. AB - By analyzing time-activity curves over selected brain regions, following intravenous administration of non-diffusible radionuclide, it is possible to assess regional arm-brain mean transit time (rABmtT). By evaluating this parameter in normal subjects a relatively small range of differences between asymmetrical regions can be found (0.30 +/- 0.14 sec, mean +/- SD). An increase of this difference above statistical limits was found in 82% of patients with acute complete stroke, in 56% of patients with chronic complete stroke in 21% of patients with transient ischemic attacks. PMID- 7233474 TI - Mechanism of increased sensitivity to cerebral ischemia following carotid artery occlusion in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats: importance of genetic factors. AB - Neurological symptoms and cerebral metabolism following bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) were observed in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), stroke-resistant SHR (SHRSR), normal Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and the F1 and F2 hybrids between SHRSP and SHRSR or WKY. Systolic blood pressure recorded before BCAO was found to rank in the following order: SHRSP greater than F1 (SHRSP X SHRSR) greater than SHRSR greater than F1 (SHRSP X WKY) greater than WKY. The effect of BCAO in these rats tended to be proportional to the blood pressure. F1 (SHRSP X WKY) was more sensitive to brain ischemia than SHRSR. In addition, though none of the SHRSR (average blood pressure 155 mm Hg) developed acute stroke symptoms, many animals of the F2 generation, in which the blood pressure was equal to or lower than that of SHRSR, developed stroke symptoms. Lactate and ATP changes in the F2 generations did not correlate with the blood pressure. The results suggest that genetic factors may play an important role in susceptibility to brain ischemia in the stroke-prone rats. PMID- 7233475 TI - Abnormalities of gaze in cerebrovascular disease. AB - Disorders of ocular motility may occur after injury at several levels of the neuraxis. Unilateral supranuclear disorders of gaze tend to be transient; bilateral disorders more enduring. Nuclear disorders of gaze also tend to be enduring and are frequently present in association with long tract signs and cranial nerve palsies on opposite sides of the body. Nystagmus is a reliable sign of posterior fossa or peripheral eight nerve pathology. Familiarity with these concepts may help the clinician answer questions regarding localization and prognosis. PMID- 7233476 TI - Plate thermography usefulness confirmed. PMID- 7233477 TI - Carotid occlusive disease: experience with 3 patients. PMID- 7233478 TI - Near-death experiences and attempted suicide. AB - Attempted suicide is correlated with an increase subsequent risk of committed suicide. However, preliminary data and psychodynamic hypotheses suggest that serious suicide attempts followed by transcendental near-death experiences (NDEs) may decrease rather than increase subsequent overt suicide risk, despite the NDEs' apparent "romanticization" of death. Studies of NDEs and of their influence on suicidal ideation are proposed which may yield greater understanding of self destructive urges and new strategies of suicide prevention. PMID- 7233479 TI - Suicide of Japanese Youth. AB - The uniquely intense stress due to the Examination Hell (shiken jigoku) not only generates a basic drive for Japan's economic success but also contributes to a high rate of young people's suicide. This paper discusses the major factors in the intensity of Japanese stress on both institutional and psychological levels. The social structural factors which convert stress to suicide are analyzed in terms of weak ego; restraint on aggression; a lack of social resources; and views of life, death and suicide. Japanese views of life, death and suicide are treated in terms of Absolute phenomenalism, the original form of Shintoism, to which Buddhism and Confucianism have been adjusted in Japan. Japanese phenomenalism affects suicide through its three aspects: animism, present-time oriented small groupism, and the absolute acceptance of the established social order. Confusion and conflict since World War II have increased anomic suicides; however, elements of fatalistic suicide (due to excessive formal or informal social regulations) and altruistic suicide (due to excessive formal or informal social regulations) and altruistic suicide (due to strong social integration) are evident. Suicide is still a highly institutionalized adjustment mechanism in Japan. PMID- 7233480 TI - Autocastration as a counterphobic focal suicide. PMID- 7233481 TI - Indirect self-destructive behavior in chronic hemodialysis patients. AB - As one of a series of investigations of indirect self-destructive behavior, a pilot study was conducted with a group of 32 chronic hemodialysis patients for those characteristics of such behavior which had emerged as most salient in earlier studies: self-esteem, locus of control, rigidity, impulsivity, futurity, risk-taking and denial. Using an average of ratings of cooperativeness obtained from the head nurse, physician, dietician, technician, and staff nurse, the group was divided into two subgroups of more and less cooperative patients, and the demographic, medical, and psychological data from the two groups were compared. The findings suggest that the less cooperative hemodialysis patients have experienced the illness as a more severe blow to their self-concept and have failed to integrate their illness into an effective adaptive life pattern. The uncooperative patients feel less valued and less appreciated not only by their family but also by fellow patients and by hospital staff. They show significantly more anger and withdrawal than the more cooperative group and appear to have compensated for a significantly greater sense of powerlessness by the development of manipulative behaviors in relating to their medical caretakers. PMID- 7233482 TI - Parental suicide: an organizing event in the development of latency age children. AB - This paper proposes that children who are especially vulnerable to parental suicide have not resolved earlier developmental issues of separation individuation. Five children, ages 6 to 12, were studied intensively. Parental suicide during the child's latency age period has profound influences on children's ego development and character formation because during this time childhood ego functioning is rapidly maturing and superego functions are developing. The trauma of parental suicide is heightened when difficulties for the surviving parent in mourning interfere with open discussion between the parent and child about the death. Parental suicide may stimulate childhood suicidal impulses if the child identifies with and idealizes the dead parent and has wishes of reuniting with the deceased. PMID- 7233483 TI - Adolescent self-destructive behavior and crisis intervention in Japan. AB - After the author cites his three unsuccessful attempts to commit suicide during World War II, he then reflects on his experiences in the past almost forty years (of this "bonus life") as a suicide-prevention counselor to Japanese youth, particularly at Kyoto University. His reflection are arranged under the following six headings: The gradual increase of self-destructive acts among adolescents in contemporary Japan; the background for this increase (including the affluent society, the change in the nuclear family, and the keen competition for higher education); the types and motives for adolescent suicide; the distinctive features of adolescent suicides in Japan; the role of crisis intervention; and thr role of " the human encounter." He concludes that the "increasing adolescent suicides is a 'silent indictment' of current society in Japan. PMID- 7233484 TI - Monitoring antiepileptic drug therapy. PMID- 7233485 TI - Procainamide interference with liquid chromatography of theophylline in serum. AB - We described potential interference of procainamide with our high pressure liquid chromatography procedure for assaying theophylline (similar to that given by Orcutt et al.). In participating in the AACC-TDM quality-control program, we discovered procainamide interference on a column dedicated to theophylline and acetaminophen serum analyses. Following attempts at rejuvenation, this 7-month old column was replaced with a new one, which gave base-line separation of theophylline and procainamide with no difficulty. We recommend close attention to the aging characteristics of columns and participation in a quality-control program. PMID- 7233486 TI - Stability of gamma-aminobutyric acid in human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. PMID- 7233487 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of methylphenobarbital in man. AB - The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of mephobarbital have been studied in 2 volunteers. Plasma levels of mephobarbital and phenobarbital were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy with selected ion monitoring. Urinary output of phenobarbital and the p-hydroxy derivatives of both mephobarbital and phenobarbital was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. The time course of these plasma and urinary levels was monitored following single 800-mg oral and 200-mg intravenous doses in the 2 patients. The major conclusions of the study were that mephobarbital is reasonably well absorbed following oral dosing and that some 35% or so of the dose (by either route) is converted to the recently identified metabolite, p-hydroxymephobarbital. PMID- 7233488 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic assay of methylphenobarbital metabolites in urine. AB - A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic procedure was developed for simultaneous quantitation of three metabolites of the anticonvulsant methylphenobarbital in urine. These were p-hydroxyphenobarbital, phenobarbital, and p hydroxymethylphenobarbital. Enzymatic hydrolysis was employed for liberation of the phenolic barbiturates from their glucuronide conjugates. Two internal standards were used at widely different concentrations, which conferred on the assay an accuracy over a wide concentration range. Concentration and instrument response (ultraviolet absorption at 215 nm) were linearly related over the concentration ranges of interest. The within-batch and between-day coefficients of variation were less than 4% in all cases. Recovery of all three analytes from the urine was nearly complete, and no substances that interfered with the assay were encountered in clinical specimens. PMID- 7233489 TI - Plasma theophylline assay service for outpatients. AB - It is generally agreed that the bronchodilator response to theophylline can be directly related to plasma concentration and that the efficacy of theophylline therapy can be improved if plasma concentrations are monitored. However, it is not known whether this improvement is realised in routine clinical practice. In this study, theophylline plasma concentrations were measured in 359 outpatients attending a teaching hospital respiratory medicine clinic. In nearly three quarters of these patients (73.2%), the plasma concentration of theophylline was below the recommended therapeutic range of 55-110 mumoles/liter (10-20 mg/liter). These results were made available to the medical staff at the patient consultation. One hundred and seventy-seven patients reattended for a second visit and their plasma concentrations remeasured. At this visit, 63.2% of plasma levels were below the therapeutic range of 55-110 mumoles/liter; the percentage of patients in this therapeutic range had risen from 25.6% at the first visit to 33.9% at the second. Concentrations in excess of 110 mumoles/liter were rare and accounted for only 1.1-2.8% of sample assayed. The increase in the percentage of patients whose plasma concentration was in the therapeutic range may have been due to a better patient compliance resulting from provision of the "on-line" plasma monitoring service. The data suggest that physicians are conservative in their use of theophylline and may be maintaining the patients at a therapeutic range of 28-55 mumoles/liter, particularly when the drug is given with other therapeutic agents such as the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists. PMID- 7233490 TI - Accuracy of using pre- and postdose gentamicin serum concentrations to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters and adjust doses in children and adolescents. PMID- 7233491 TI - Factors influencing simultaneous concentrations of carbamazepine and its epoxide in plasma. AB - Simultaneous steady-state plasma concentrations of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide were measured by high performance liquid chromatography in 295 patients. Plasma carbamazepine epoxide correlated more closely with carbamazepine dose than did plasma levels of the drug itself. Plasma carbamazepine epoxide levels tended to the higher, relative to drug dose, in children than in adults, whereas age did not seem to influence the relationship between plasma carbamazepine level and drug dose. Simultaneous phenytoin intake lowered the plasma carbamazepine levels relative to drug dose but left plasma carbamazepine epoxide levels largely unaltered. However, simultaneous valproate intake was associated with raised plasma carbamazepine epoxide levels relative to carbamazepine dose, whereas plasma carbamazepine epoxide levels were unaltered. The amount of conversion of carbamazepine to its epoxide thus appears to vary in different circumstances in human. PMID- 7233492 TI - Effect of Mylanta on naproxen bioavailability. AB - The effect of Mylanta on naproxen bioavailability was studied in 11 healthy volunteers. In separate experiments, single oral doses of naproxen (250 mg) and multiple oral doses (250 mg twice daily for 7 days) were administered with and without Mylanta. Coadministration of naproxen with Mylanta in the single-dose experiment did not significantly affect the area under the curve (579 vs. 580 microgram/ml X hr with and without Mylanta, respectively), time to peak serum concentration (2.5 vs. 2.6 hr), peak serum concentration (37.2 vs. 34.8 microgram/ml) or plasma half-life (16.1 vs. 16.4 hr). There was no significant difference between trough level naproxen concentrations at steady state (29.6 microgram/ml with Mylanta vs. 30.7 microgram/ml without Mylanta). The data were also used to investigate naproxen pharmacokinetics predicted by two different pharmacokinetic models, one of which allowed for protein binding. The nonlinear protein-binding model accurately predicted steady-state concentration, while the values predicted by the linear model exceeded actual values by 33-54%. PMID- 7233494 TI - Corneal complications and glaucoma following trauma. PMID- 7233493 TI - Liquid-chromatographic determination of antidysrhythmic drugs: procainamide, lidocaine, quinidine, disopyramide, and propranolol. AB - We present a method for the analysis of antidysrhythmic drugs [procainamide, acecainide (NAPA), lidocaine, quinidine, disopyramide, N-desisopropyl disopyramide, and propranolol] in serum. The drugs, together with an internal standard, are extracted from 0.2-1.0 ml of serum, separated on an octyl-bonded reversed-phase column using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/phosphate buffer, and monitored by either ultraviolet or fluorescence spectrophotometry. The proposed method offers good reproducibility, sensitivity, linearity, and accuracy. Of more than 50 drugs and metabolites, tested for possible interference, only diazepam, flurazepam, and the N-oxide metabolite of quinidine interfere with quinidine analysis, while meperidine coelutes with disopyramide. However, diazepam and flurazepam do not interfere with quinidine analysis with fluorescence detection. PMID- 7233495 TI - Drug therapy of common corneal problems. PMID- 7233496 TI - Clinical assessment of optic nerve and chiasmal function. PMID- 7233497 TI - Anterior segment surgery using instruments designed for pars plana vitrectomy. PMID- 7233498 TI - Preoperative macular evaluation. PMID- 7233499 TI - Erythema multiforme - Stevens Johnson syndrome. PMID- 7233500 TI - Vocal cord paralysis secondary to infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7233501 TI - Orbital complications of acute sinusitis in children. PMID- 7233502 TI - The effect of prolonged orotracheal intubation in the newborn: a clinical study. PMID- 7233503 TI - Hemangioma of the inferior turbinate. PMID- 7233504 TI - Comparative ototoxicity of chloramphenicol and kanamycin with ethacrynic acid. PMID- 7233505 TI - A new technique for studying cochlear metabolism using 2-deoxy-d-[14C] glucose: localization of glucose metabolism with sound stimulation. PMID- 7233506 TI - Verrucous carcinoma of the middle ear. PMID- 7233507 TI - Quality control for deglycerolized red blood cells. AB - A quality-control procedure to detect inadequately deglycerolized red blood cells is feasible, although the cost-effectiveness of routinely employing such a test needs to be considered by each individual blood bank. When the standard deglycerolizing protocol is meticulously followed by experienced personnel, the chances of an error that would result in inadequate deglycerolization are remote. The administration of cells with excess residual glycerol can result only in intravascular lysis of the infused cells. However, if a blood bank feels the need for a quality-control test for deglycerolized red blood cells, resuspending cells in 0.7% NaCl and estimating the per cent hemolysis using a color comparator is a simple and effective test. PMID- 7233508 TI - A new technique for the collection of plasma: machine plasmapheresis. AB - The Haemonetics Model 50 permits the collection of 500 ml of plasma within an average of 30 minutes, and the donor is never disconnected from his cells. In a detailed assessment of 28 donors, we found no detrimental effect of the procedure. There was no evidence of fibrin split products or complement activation. The plasma showed good recovery of protein with slightly elevated factor VIII levels; citrate levels are only two-thirds of manual plasmapheresis values. While there was a relatively large number of platelets collected into this plasma, the platelets were small, with a mean diameter of 1.8 mu and poor response to aggregation. Therefore it would appear that this plasma should not be used to make a platelet preparation. Nonetheless, evaluation of this machine indicated that the performance parameters are acceptable and that donor acceptance is exceptional, with widespread enthusiasm for this "new" method of blood donation. PMID- 7233509 TI - Donor platelet response and product quality assurance in plateletpheresis. AB - Retrospective analysis of 352 donors who underwent plateletpheresis at least four times, each using the Haemonetics Model 30 Blood Processor, indicated that a postpheresis platelet count of less than 100,000/microliter occurred in only 2.7 per cent of phereses. Restricting pheresis to those with a prepheresis platelet count of greater than 150,000/microliter would have lowered this to 1.3 per cent and eliminated only 3.7 per cent of donations. The donors' platelet counts returned to baseline approximately four days and rebounded above baseline eight to eleven days after pheresis. To minimize the chance of a donor having a postpheresis platelet count less than 100,000/microliter, the prepheresis platelet count should be greater than 150,000/microliter. A platelet count greater than 150,000/microliter immediately following the previous pheresis can be used instead of the prepheresis platelet count. The yield was related to the prepheresis platelet count, number of cycles, sex, type of procedure (platelet or platelet-leukapheresis), and the yield recorded during an individual's previous procedures. Seventy-five per cent of plateletpheresis products contained more than 3.3 x 10(11) platelets. This might be a satisfactory standard for quality assurance. PMID- 7233510 TI - Platelet transfusion: automated selection of donors. AB - The selection of platelet donors, according to HLA antigens, has been computerized using a method based on the calculation of incompatibilities and risk of immunization between donors and recipients. Since the risk that an antigen present in a donor will immunize an incompatible recipient of known HLA phenotype, an incompatibility score is established and a donor file printed out, ranked according to the degree of incompatibility. The principle of this method is valuable for any other compatibility system and can be easily extended according to the computer potency. The method allows a rapid selection of the most appropriate plateletpheresis donors to avoid immunizing unsensitized patients or to achieve the best degree of compatibility in previously sensitized patients. PMID- 7233511 TI - Experimental Hematology Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. AB - Granulocytes from dogs obtained by continuous-flow centrifugation leukapheresis were purified by counterflow centrifugation-elutriation using a modified rotor and enlarged separation chamber. The separation chamber has a threefold increase in volume capacity, as compared to the commercial Beckman Instruments' separation chamber, and the quantity and purity of the granulocytes recovered are suitable for purified granulocyte transfusion studies in a 10-kg canine animal model. Transfusion of these cells into cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenic animals permits an analysis of granulocyte chemotactic ability in terms of migration into skin chambers filled with endotoxin-activated serum. The purified granulocyte function in vivo was compared to the activity of granulocytes present in leukapheresis concentrates. The data show that transfused granulocytes isolated by counterflow centrifugation-elutriation from leukapheresis concentrates retain identical in vivo chemotactic activity, as compared to granulocytes present in transfused leukapheresis concentrates. PMID- 7233512 TI - Blood preservation 42: improvement of ascorbate's ability to maintain 2,3-DPG with inosine. AB - Inosine and ascorbate have been shown to maintain normal 2,3-DPG levels during three to four weeks of blood storage. With the introduction of CPD-adenine, which allows five weeks of storage, the desire for 2,3-DPG maintenance may receive new emphasis. Red blood cell 2,3-DPG remained at normal or higher levels for six weeks whenever 10 or 15 mM inosine and 10 mM vitamin C (L-ascorbate) or D ascorbate were present in the CPD-adenine preservative. Provision by inosine of a five-carbon sugar for 2,3-DPG synthesis, bypassing the rate-limiting phosphofructokinase reaction, may allow NADH oxidation by ascorbate to provide an increased supply of substrate for the Rappoport-Luebering shunt, thus affecting the net increase and maintenance of 2,3-DPG. PMID- 7233513 TI - False-positive DAT caused by variables in sample procurement. PMID- 7233514 TI - Two examples of antibodies dependent upon the presence of inosine. PMID- 7233515 TI - Pheresis with the IBM 2997. PMID- 7233516 TI - A modified capillary test using 4% ficin. AB - A capillary technique is described for economical Rh-phenotyping of large numbers of blood samples using diluted antisera and 4% ficin solution. This system is no more time consuming that conventional tube techniques, since enzyme premodification of the cells is not required. PMID- 7233517 TI - Cytapheresis in a patient with Sezary syndrome. AB - A patient with Sezary syndrome underwent cytapheresis on the IBM 2997 cell separator. Four procedures were performed over a 12-day period. A total of 8.3 x 10(10) Sezary cells were removed. The patient's skin lesions and lymphadenopathy regressed. Transient thrombocytopenia occurred, requiring platelet transfusion. Although a significant number of platelets were removed by pheresis, this was not sufficient to explain the thrombocytopenia. The patient subsequently died of causes unrelated to the cytapheresis. PMID- 7233518 TI - Hemagglutination in capillaries: correlation with blood group specificity and IgG subclass. AB - Two hundred four examples of blood group antibodies, reactive only by the indirect antiglobulin test, were examined by the two-layer albumin capillary (TLAC) technique. Fifty-nine per cent of the examples tested were reactive by this technique. TLAC reactivity appeared to be related to antibody specificity, but a positive association between TLAC reactivity and IgG subclass composition was not confirmed. PMID- 7233519 TI - Preservation of neutrophils in CPD-adenine. AB - Human neutrophils were stored in vitro in CPD or CPD-adenine plasma under conditions designed to simulate those of leukapheresis followed by short-term preservation. Viability, morphology by light microscopy, and phagocytic ability of cells stored in either anticoagulant were similar when studied sequentially during 72 hours of storage. Thus, CPD-adenine offered no advantage, under the conditions employed, over standard CPD without adenine. PMID- 7233520 TI - Duffy antigen changes on red blood cells stored at low temperature. AB - Red blood cells stored in saline solution for two weeks at 12 C lose some of their Fya, Fyb, and Fy3 antigenicity. At the same time substances with specific inhibitory activity against appropriate Duffy antibodies appear in the saline. Similar changes could not be recognized in time-expired commercial reagent red blood cell samples. PMID- 7233521 TI - An analysis of quantitative relationships of granulocyte transfusion therapy in canines. AB - Granulocyte transfusions were administered to dogs rendered neutropenic by prior cyclophosphamide treatment. Linear regression analysis established significant direct relationships between numbers of granulocytes infused per kg body weight and blood increment achieved. Migration of granulocytes to cerebrospinal fluid during induced Candida albicans meningitis related to concurrent increments in blood following transfusion. Levels of C. albicans systemic infection were inversely related to numbers of granulocytes administered during a four-day course of therapy. These studies demonstrate the quantitative relationships of granulocyte transfusion therapy to potential therapeutic effects at the tissue level. PMID- 7233522 TI - Hepatitis B due to transfusion of mislabeled blood. AB - Transfusion of a misidentified and mislabeled unit of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive blood was recognized 18 hours after the transfusion episode. Within 24 hours of transfusion the recipient became HBsAg-positive, and antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) was detected. Despite hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) administration of 28 hours after transfusion, the serologic markers persisted for at least one month. Clinically apparent hepatitis developed about two months after transfusion. At this time HBsAg could not be detected, but antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) was present and anti-HBc persisted. The recipient recovered and became a plasmapheresis donor for several hepatitis B research programs. PMID- 7233524 TI - More type and screen. PMID- 7233523 TI - Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in blood donors with a history of hepatitis. AB - Sera and questionnaires from 3,230 prospective U.S. volunteer blood donors were obtained in an earlier study to determine the prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) among prospective blood donors with or without a history of either hepatitis or blood transfusion. These sera were reevaluated using a radioimmunoassay for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Anti-HBc in the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or its antibody (anti-HBs) was detected in 30 of 1,151 (2.6%) prospective donors with a history of hepatitis, compared to four of 1,086 (0.4%) with no history of hepatitis (p less than 0.001). Although end-point dilution titers of anti-HBc greater than or equal to 1:100 and the presence of IgM anti-HBc were more frequently detected among donors with a history of hepatitis than among donors with no history of hepatitis, the difference was not statistically significant. Unlike a history of hepatitis, a history of transfusion or a history of exposure to persons with hepatitis had no significant association with the detection of anti-HBc in the absence of other HBV serologic markers. PMID- 7233525 TI - A transplanter's look at gonadal induction. PMID- 7233526 TI - Orthotopic bone transplantation in mice. III. Methods of reducing the immune response and their effect on healing. AB - Various methods of reducing the immune response to allogeneic bone grafts, either by pretreating the graft or by immunosuppressing the recipient, were compared. Tibial grafts from B10.D2 mice, either untreated or pretreated in various ways, were transplanted into B10 recipients. The antibody response was followed and the extent of bone healing at 4 months was assessed. Pretreatment of the graft by X irradiation, freezing, or by incubation in alloantisera (either anti-H-2 or anti Ia) reduced or abolished the immunogenicity of the graft. Immunosuppression of the recipient with methotrexate or antilymphocyte serum (ALS) also greatly depressed the antibody response. But when healing was assessed, none of these treatments except ALS improved the delayed healing of the bone allografts. The reason for this failure was probably that X-irradiation, freezing, alloantiserum pretreatment, and methotrexate all interfered with bone healing directly, whereas ALS did not. We conclude that many methods will reduce the immune response to allogeneic bone, but that only ALS will improve the healing of the allogeneic bone. Furthermore, as a corollary to the observation that pretreatment with anti Ia serum markedly reduced the immunogenicity of bone allografts, we conclude that much of the immunogenicity of bone allografts is attributable to a population of Ia-positive cells. PMID- 7233527 TI - Rejection of nerve allografts after cessation of immunosuppression with cyclosporin A. PMID- 7233528 TI - Migration of mouse lymphocytes in vitro. I. Normal lymph node lymphocytes. AB - Normal unstimulated mouse lymph node lymphocytes (LNLs) migrated into filters in a gradient of normal mouse serum (NMS), heat-inactivated mouse serum (HI-MS), or zymosan-activated mouse serum (ZAS). Blind well chemotaxis chambers with 5 micrometer pore size cellulose nitrate membranes were used. Migration was assessed both by the leading front technique and the mean aggregate number. A concentration of 2.5 x 10(6) LNLs/ml or greater was needed to detect migration. Migration of LNLs to 1% NMS was time dependent and was inhibited by cytochalasin B. Comparison of the migration patterns of LNLs, neutrophils, and macrophages revealed that all cell types were responsive to NMS. LNLs responded as well to HI MS as they did to NMS, neutrophils responded less well to HI-MS than to MMS, and macrophages did not respond to HI-MS. The LNL response to ZAS was significantly greater than the response to NMS to HI-MS and neutrophils and macrophages also responded strongly to ZAS. The migration of LNLs from various mouse strains to NMS revealed that the LNLs from different mouse strains possess varying degree of motility. The factor in mouse serum which induced migration was not strain specific. The LNLs from peripheral (inguinal, axillary, and brachial) nodes demonstrated greater motility in response to NMS than mesenteric LNLs. Using the checkerboard assay to discriminate chemotaxis from chemokinesis, mouse serum appeared to be solely chemokinetic when the leading front technique was used. However, using the mean aggregate number technique, mouse serum was determined to be both chemokinetic acid chemotactic for LNLs. The results indicate that the method can be reliably used to study those factors which influence the motility of normal or altered populations of lymphocytes. PMID- 7233529 TI - Fatal response suggestive of graft-versus-host reaction following transplantation of spleen cells from allogeneic athymic (nude) donors. AB - Normal female SJL/J mice were exposed to 950 R of total body irradiation (TBI) and transplanted with allogeneic spleen or marrow cells from normal or nude (athymic) C57BL/10 donors. With nude mouse donor marrow, no evidence of graft versus-host (GVH) response was seen and all SJL/J recipients survived for more than 75 days. In contrast, when spleen cells taken from the same nude C57BL/10 donors were engrafted into SJL/J mice the incidence of fatalities among the recipients was 70% by 60 days. Furthermore, all of the recipients of nude mouse spleen cells showed signs strongly suggestive of GVH response. Comparative fatalities among the recipients of cells from normal donors were 27% for marrow at 60 days and 100% for spleen at 11 days, and these were accompanied by the characteristic signs of GVH response usually seen after transplantation of cells from normal allogeneic donors. Transplantation of normal C57BL/10 marrow mixed with small numbers at normal spleen cells resulted in an increase in the number of fatalities among the SJL/J recipients, and an increase in the severity of the signs of GVH response as compared to that seen following engraftment of normal C57BL/10 marrow alone. However, no such increases in fatalities or severity were observed when similar amounts of nude C57BL/10 spleen cells were engrafted along with normal marrow cells into SJL/J recipients. The results suggest that a factor may exist in nude mouse spleen which in allogeneic transplantation can lead to a fatal response suggestive of GVH reaction, but that nude mouse spleen lacks the T cell-related ability to enhance GVH response that has been previously demonstrated following allogeneic transplantation using normal spleen and marrow donors. PMID- 7233530 TI - Popliteal lymph node assay as a method of investigating H-Y antigen in the rat. AB - The ability of the popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) To detect host-versus-graft activity in response to H-Y antigens was investigated in the rat by using presensitized recipients. It was shown that significant popliteal lymph node (PLN) enlargement in response to H-Y-incompatible lymphocytes from syngeneic donors could be obtained in female recipients that had been preimmunized by the weekly i.p. injection of 1 x 10(7) lymphocytes from males of the same strain. In one rat strain, it was also shown that when male recipients had been similarly preimmunized with lymphocytes from females of the same strain, significant PLN enlargement could be obtained in response to lymphocytes from syngeneic females. The results that we obtained using the PLNA are discussed in comparison with those that have been reported when H-Y-incompatible skin grafts have been used to investigate H-Y antigen in the rat. These results indicate that, in the rat, the PLNA provides a useful alternative method for the investigation of H-Y antigen and may also provide a useful means to investigate the response of male rats to lymphocytes from syngeneic females. PMID- 7233531 TI - Complement activation by xenogeneic red blood cells. PMID- 7233532 TI - Genetic stability within an inbred rat colony. PMID- 7233533 TI - A histological investigation of isografts of mature mouse molars to an intrabony and an extrabony site. AB - An experimental model designed for the investigation of tooth transplantation immunobiology is presented together with the results of a long-term histological study of mature mouse tooth isografts transplanted to an intrabony site (tibial shaft medulla) and to an extrabony site (renal subcapsular site). Mature mouse mandibular third molars were isografted to the tibial shaft medulla and renal subcapsular kidney site in inbred C57BL/6 strain mice and observed histologically over a 6-month period. Isografts at both sites were observed to undergo initial pulpal degeneration with subsequent progressive regeneration as determined by post-transplantation dentine formation. Tibial shaft isografts were surrounded by bone and underwent progressive reabsorption beginning at the coronal dentine, exposed by occlusal wear prior to transplantation, while grafts to the subcapsular kidney site did not become surrounded by bone nor exhibit coronal resorption. Varying degrees of external root resorption and ankylosis of teeth transplanted to the intrabony site were observed, and signs of periodontal ligament reorganization were not seen in isografts at either site. PMID- 7233534 TI - In vivo cimetidine augmentation of phytohemagglutinin-induced human lymphocyte thymidine uptake. PMID- 7233535 TI - Clinical observations in 42 patients with Lassa fever. AB - Under continuous observation of several months, 42 patients from the eastern province of Sierra Leone, Liberia (Lofa County), and neighbouring Guinea were identified as Lassa fever cases by indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique, indicating that the disease is endemic in these areas. The clinical course varied from mild disease to severe illness with haemorrhagic disorders. The fatality rate was 14%. The occurrence of only two possible secondary cases suggests that person-to-person spread of the disease is unimportant epidemiologically. There was a wide range of patients' ages, tribes, and occupations, including a 2 months old baby and a white US citizen. Clinical, laboratory, and histopathological investigations demonstrated the panorganotropism of Lassa virus. Haematological tests in few selected haemorrhagic cases with Lassa fever did not support coagulation disorders or thrombocytopenia as causing the bleeding tendency. The histopathologic changes bear resemblance to those observed in Argentinian and Bolivian haemorrhagic fever, both being caused by viruses of the Arena group. However, Lassa virus hepatitis may be differentiated from liver lesions occurring in yellow fever, Marburg virus disease, and Ebola (Maridi) haemorrhagic fever. PMID- 7233536 TI - Influenza and corona-virus antibodies in the newborns and their mothers in Mali (1980). AB - In February 1980 blood samples from 91 women and their newborn babies (cord blood) from Mali have been analysed for influenza and corona OC 43 HI antibodies. The titers of influenza HI antibodies were higher in blood samples collected from the mothers at delivery than in their newborns. Considering the GMT values and percentage of persons with protective titers (greater than or equal to 1:40) we may assume that influenza A (H3N2) viruses had been highly active in Mali. Influenza A (H1N1) and B activity may be considered as minor. The prevalence of OC 43 coronaviruses HI antibodies was higher in the cord blood of the newborn babies (95%) than in the blood samples of their mothers (75%). PMID- 7233537 TI - Autochthonous amoebic liver abscess in Germany. AB - A liver abscess was diagnosed by sonography and surgery in a sewer-man who had never left Germany 14 weeks after he fell into a clearing basin and swallowed sewage. The causative agent of the abscess was confirmed immunologically to be Entamoeba histolytica. PMID- 7233538 TI - Toxoplasma gondii: membrane properties of active energy-dependent invasion of host cells. AB - The energy-dependence and the significance of membrane stability for the active invasion of host cells by Toxoplasma gondii has been examined in vitro. The penetration of Toxoplasma as measured by the infection rate can be significantly decreased by blocking the parasitic respiratory chain with CN-. The infection rate of blocked parasites is nearly normalized when glucose is present during the infection period. This suggests a strong energy-dependence for the active infection mechanism. DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) known to increase membrane stability is able to lower the infection rate if either the target or the effector cell is pretreated. Ca2+ was shown to exhibit a similar effect. Procain, which destabilizes the cell membrane, stimulates the invasion of host cells by Toxoplasma parasites. The possible modes of action on the invasion schedule for the different effectors are discussed. PMID- 7233539 TI - The quantitation of Trypanosoma congolense in calves. Iv. In vitro culture of myeloid and erythroid marrow cells. AB - Myeloid and erythroid cultures were prepared from bone marrow aspirates taken from control and T. congolense infected neonatal and six-month-old calves. The aspirates obtained from the infected animals were more cellular than the controls and it was found that the removal of adherent cells prior to Ficoll separation improved the sensitivity of the cultures to colony stimulating factors and removed the background connective tissue cells and megakaryocytes from the resulting colonies. There was an apparent decrease in the number of myeloid colonies from the infected six-month-old calves, but an initial increase in myeloid colonies in the infected neonatal calves compared to their controls. There were no significant differences between infected and control calves for the numbers of erythroid colonies produced, but the degree of maturation as measured by hemoglobinization was decreased in two infected six-month-old calves at week 13 of infection. PMID- 7233540 TI - Trypanotolerance in inbred mice: an immunological basis for variation in susceptibility to infection with Trypanosoma brucei. AB - Previous studies have suggested that the suppression of IgM responses induced by different strains of trypanosomes can be related to the virulence of the parasite in a defined mouse strain (Sacks et al. 1980). This study has examined immunosuppression induced by Trypanosoma brucei NIM7 in two mouse strains (C3H/He and [CBA/H x C57B1/6]F1) which differ considerably in their ability to survive infections. The results confirm our previous studies in that mice were able to survive infection whilst they maintained at last a residue of their ability to mount an IgM response to DNP-Ficoll, a T-independent antigen. Complete abrogation of the IgM response coincided with fulminating parasitaemia, resulting in the death of the host. PMID- 7233541 TI - Accumulation of phospholipase A1 in tissue fluid of rabbits infected with Trypanosoma brucei. AB - Samples of tissue fluid were obtained from plastic cages implanted subcutaneously in rabbits. A phospholipase A1 similar to that found in Trypanosoma brucei appeared in the tissue fluid about seven days after infection with this parasite, increasing with parasite burden, and reaching levels of more than 5 nmol phosphatidylcholine hydrolysed per min per ml tissue fluid. The large amount of phospholipase A1 found free in the tissue fluid appeared to be of trypanosomal origin and was either secreted by living parasites or released from dying organisms. Phospholipase A1 was detectable in blood plasma from the infected rabbits, but at a level considerably lower than in the tissue fluid. An inhibitor of the phospholipase was present in the plasma after the first two week of infection which may be partly responsible for this lower level. PMID- 7233542 TI - A quantitative histopathological study of Onchocerca gibsoni nodules in cattle. PMID- 7233543 TI - Quantitative aspects of the infection of Simulium ochraceum by Onchocerca volvulus: the relation of skin microfilarial density to vector infection. AB - In Guatemala, 16 wild Simulium ochraceum were permitted to feed on a 15" x 15" grid on the back of each of 13 persons infected with Onchocerca volvulus. Based on 6 skin biopsies, the mean microfilarial density (mfd) in these study participants ranged from 1.256 mf/mg of skin to 111.824 mf/mg. The files were dissected 6 to 10 hours after feeding and the number of microfilariae in the blood meal and escaping the midgut into the thoracic musculature were counted. A nearly linear relationship was found between the mean skin mfd and the mean microfilarial uptake by S. ochraceum (rs = 0.868). An even stronger relation existed between the mean mfd and the mean number of microfilariae escaping the midgut (rs = 0.915). Because the approximate 1:1 relationship observed between the number of microfilariae escaping the midgut and the subsequent number of infective (L3) larvae has been previously demonstrated, it can be concluded that a similar linear relationship exists between microfilarial skin densities and the number of L3 larvae available for transmission of O. volvulus by the Guatemalan vector. PMID- 7233544 TI - Sticky trap studies on Simulium damnosum s.l. in northern Ghana. AB - The results of sticky trapping S. damnosum s.l. at several sites in northern Ghana are given. Yields were always very much lower than those which could be obtained by human bait catches, and caught flies tended to disappear from traps which were not emptied at least daily. Thus the technique offered little promise as a means of monitoring population fluctuations. Nevertheless some valuable information was obtained. Colour choice studies showed that hunting flies were attracted to dark blue substrates. In all situations the most shaded surfaces of the traps were preferred by alighting flies. The presence of S. damnosum in the canopies of trees was demonstrated for the first time. Flies were caught at heights above 6 m at three sites, the maximum height being 9.2 m, the height of the topmost trap. Among flies caught in the canopy of trees were nulliparous, parous and gravid females as well as males. Only in one catch, at relatively low levels in riverine trees, were blood engorged flies a noteworthy proportion of the catch. PMID- 7233545 TI - Laboratory colonization and life table statistics for geographic strains of Simulium decorum (Diptera: Simuliidae). AB - Colonization techniques were developed in order to select mating strains from four geographic populations of Simulium decorum. Although mating strains were established from each locale, emphasis was shifted toward developing permanent colonies from Dryden Lake, New York, USA and Warm Springs, Georgia, USA. The net reproductive rate (Ro) was computed for the parental, F1, and F2 generations of each strain in order to assess the effects of colonization through successive generations. Ro increased rapidly for both strains from parental (range of 0.34 3.5) through F2 generations (range of 16.2-21.6). Analysis of Ro components indicated that the increases in Ro were the result of two parameters that reflect the propensity of flies to mate in confinement, suggesting that selection for mating is rapid. Multiple regression analysis indicated no significant differences between strains or generations when tested against fecundity (range of 391-519) and survival of immatures (range of 90.3-97.2%). A slight positive correlation (regression coefficient of 0.0016, P less than .01) was observed between larval density (range of 284-4,439 larvae per rearing) and survival of immatures, suggesting that the limits of the rearing system with regard to crowding were not approached. Both strains readily adapt to the laboratory and are currently in the fifth generation. PMID- 7233546 TI - The development of Onchocerca spp. in Simulium decorum Walker and Simulium pictipes Hagen. AB - Two species of Nearctic black fly, Simulium decorum and S. pictipes, exhibit partial susceptibility to infection with the bovine parasite, Onchocerca lienalis, when inoculated intrathoracically with microfilariae. In addition, a proportion of S. decorum females will support the development of the human parasite, O. volvulus, to the third larvae stage. Infection rates with second- or third-stage larvae seven or more days after varied among geographic strains of S. decorum, ranging from 6.5% in a strain from northern New York State to 48.7% in a strain from Georgia. The average number of larvae per infected female ranged from 1.00 to 1.78 in the three strains examined. Partial susceptibility to O. lienalis was found to persist in colonized strains of s. decorum, and cryopreserved microfilariae of this parasite retained their infectivity. Seven or more days after inoculation with microfilariae of the Guatemalan strain of O. volvulus, 16.7% of the females of S. decorum harbored second- or third-stage larvae. Development of O. lienalis and O. volvulus proceeded normally in these black flies, and moderate increases in susceptibility rate and number of infective larvae were noted in response to increased microfilarial dosages. PMID- 7233547 TI - Ocular onchocerciasis in a hyperendemic village in the rain forest of Liberia. AB - A sample of 76 persons in a hyperendemic village of onchocerciasis in the rain forest of Liberia was examined ophthalmologically. A reduced visual acuity of less than 6/18 was found in nearly 10%. Punctate keratitis was observed in 36%, microfilariae in the anterior chamber in 46%, proliferative chorioretinitis in 4% and optic atrophy in one person. The overall frequency of ocular onchocerciasis was 62%, but the severity of findings in most individuals was very minimal. The occurrence of microfilariae in the anterior chamber was positively correlated with microfilarial densities in the skin of the hip, outer canthus and blood and the burden of adult O. volvulus isolated from extirpated onchocercomata. PMID- 7233548 TI - Failure of furazolidone in the treatment of onchocerciasis. AB - 12 adult onchocerciasis patients from the rain forest zone of Nigeria were treated with furazolidone in divided daily doses ranging from 5--15 mg per kg body weight for 7--21 days to a maximum total dose of 6.3 g. The drug showed neither micro- nor macrofilaricidal activity against Onchocerca volvulus. PMID- 7233549 TI - An in vitro screening test for compounds active against the parenteral stages of Trichinella spiralis. AB - A new in vitro screening test for compounds showing activity against the tissue stages of Trichinella spiralis is described. In this test freshly decapsulated larvae of the parasite are exposed to low concentrations of experimental compound in a medium capable of supporting th partial development of the worms. The screen which does not require elaborate continuous flow equipment nor special gas phase detects the activity of those compounds known to be effective against the parenteral stages of the parasite in mice. It has been shown to be a highly selective test giving rise to very few irrelevant or misleading results. PMID- 7233550 TI - Human echinococcosis: diagnostic value of computed tomography. AB - The diagnostic value of computed tomography was assessed in 44 patients with alveolar or cystic echinococcosis. The CT-examination was concentrated mainly on the liver, which was involved in all patients. It was extended to other organs, i.e. to lung, intra- or retroperitoneal space, bone and brain if necessary. The CT image of the liver in cystic echinococcosis was often characteristic. It showed sharply outlined masses with attenuation values similar to water. Internal structures were caused by daughter cysts. Furthermore, typical marginal calcium deposits indicated regressive changes in the host membrane. In all cases with alveolar echinococcosis in indistinct solid mass was found, often with central necrotic colliquation and plaque-like calcifications within the tumor. PMID- 7233551 TI - Praziquantel compared to niridazole in schistosomiasis intercalatum therapy. AB - Praziquantel was compared to niridazole in schistosomiasis intercalatum in the Gabon. In a pilot study, 45 patients were randomly allocated to the two treatment groups. After treatment, 36 of these patients could be evaluated. Though the seven-day niridazole treatment showed significant reduction of egg excretion in all patients, cure rate was rather low. 9 out of 17 patients (53%) still excreted viable eggs of Schistosoma intercalatum. In contrast, patients treated with praziquantel in a one-day treatment (2 x 30 mg per kg) showed a persistent excretion of viable eggs in 3 out of 19 cases (16%). This difference was significant (p less than 0.025). Although the number of patients observed is rather small, results indicate that praziquantel is superior to niridazole in the treatment of schistosomiasis intercalatum both in view of application and side effects as well as curative potential. PMID- 7233552 TI - [Formation of hemopoietic foci in the spleen of lethally irradiated mice with transplantation of cells from intestinal lymphoid follicles]. PMID- 7233553 TI - [Cytogenetic effect of ethanol on embryonic cells]. PMID- 7233554 TI - [Cellular ultrastructure of the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex in the early period of endotoxic shock]. PMID- 7233555 TI - [Chromosome study in primary amenorrhea]. AB - Primary amenorrhea was studied in 64 women. Chromosome abnormalities or karyotype phenotype non-conformity were found in 31 of 64 patients (48.4%). The following types of chromosomal pathology were found out: 7 cases with 45,X constitution; 3- 45,X/46,XX; 1--45,X/46,XY; 1--45,X/46. XYq-; 1--46,XXq-; 1--45,X/46,XXq-; 2- 46,X,i(qX); 2--45,x/46,X,i(qX); 1--45,X/46,XX, +mar. In 12 cases phenotypic women had a 46,XY karyotype. PMID- 7233556 TI - [Cytogenetic effect of a number of pesticides in a human peripheral blood lymphocyte culture with a varying initial level of chromosome aberrations]. AB - The paper deals with results of studies in the mutagenic activity of pesticides (polymarzin, cuprozin and pyrimor) in the human peripheral lymphocyte culture at various frequency of "spontaneous" chromosome aberrations. Only pyrimor is determined to possess the cytogenetic action in the used test-system. It is shown that the intensity of the pyrimor-induced cytogenetic effect depends on the initial level of aberrant metaphases in the control cultures obtained from two different persons. The previously made conclusion on the potential mutagenic danger of pyrimor is confirmed on the basis of studies of its cytogenetic activity in mice bone marrow cells. PMID- 7233557 TI - Post-weaning growth and development of Nigerian Dwarf sheep. AB - Studies aimed at defining the growth pattern and the mature body weight of Nigerian Dwarf sheep were conducted using 18 ewe lambs and 13 ram lambs fed ad lib. on roughages and concentrates from weaning to maturity. Computer generated quadratic growth curves showed that the mature body weight of ewes is about 33 kg attained between 30 and 36 months of age while that the rams is about 42 kg attained between 27 and 30 months of age. Body measurements at maturity were also determined. PMID- 7233558 TI - Attempted isolation of arboviruses from wild ruminants in Kenya. PMID- 7233559 TI - Leptospirosis in cattle in Bolivia. PMID- 7233560 TI - Epidemiology of Strongylus vulgaris infection of the horse in Morocco. AB - Between August 1978 and July 1979 the anterior mesenteric artery and its branches were collected regularly from adult horses and examined for Strongylus vulgaris larvae. The incidence of infection varied from 55 to 100% (annual mean 80%). The mean monthly number of larvae ranged form 3 to 22 with an annual overall mean of 13. The arterial infection was at its minimum in December to January, rose gradually to attain the peak in June and declined thereafter. These observations indicated that S. vulgaris is an annual species in Morocco, infection occurring during the rainy season (November-April), the heavy arterial population in spring and adult population during autumn and winter. PMID- 7233561 TI - Acute Trypanosoma vivax infection in dairy cattle in Coast Province, Kenya. AB - In an outbreak of a fatal haemorrhagic disease in exotic dairy cattle (Friesian, Guernsey, Ayrshire and Jersey) on 2 farms in the Coast Province of Kenya, and investigation was conducted to establish the aetiological agent involved. Blood and lymph node smears made from clinically sick cattle indicated infection with Trypanosoma vivax. Five calves were then experimentally inoculated with heparinised blood from cows naturally infected with T. vivax. All calves had a high T. vivax parasitemia, marked depression and fever; 2 developed blood-tinged diarrhoea 6 and 7 days were treated with isometamidium chloride while others were left untreated. Cases of abortions, bloody diarrhoea and deaths dropped markedly in the treated animals whereas they continued to occur in the untreated animal. PMID- 7233562 TI - Factors affecting the gestation period of pigs in Nigeria. AB - Gestation periods taken from 432 records on purebred Large White, Duroc, Hampshire and their crossbred sows at Fashola Stock Farm in the Oyo State of Nigeria were analysed to determine the effects of some factors on the trait. For Large White, Duroc, Hampshire and the crossbred sows the mean gestation periods were 113.2, 115.1, 114.5 and 112.8 days respectively. Overall least squares mean was 11.2 days with a standard deviation of 9.06 days. Litter size at birth, year of birth and breed x season interaction had very highly significant effects of length of pregnancy. Breed differences were significant (P less than 0.05) whereas parity and season per se did not seem to influence this trait. Effects of boars accounted for some 11.8% of the trait was estimated as 0.47 r - 0.20 while the repeatability coefficient was 0.13. The data indicated a slight negative association between gestation period and litter size at birth. PMID- 7233563 TI - Toxicity of Leucaena leucocephala for steers in the wet tropics. AB - Brahman crossbred steers grazed Leucaena leucocephala (cv Peru) for 0, 1/2, 1 1/2, 2 1/2, 3 1/2, 4 1/2, 5 1/2, or 6 1/2 days per week grazing Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) for the 1 1/2, remainder, for at least 50 weeks. Animals grazing Buffel grass only or Leucaena for 1/2 day only grew faster than all other groups in the wet season (0.75 dg/day) but not in the dry season (0.44 dg/day) and had normal thyroxine concentrations in blood. All other groups grew more slowly, had reduced blood thyroxine, fatter carcasses and in some cases showed alopecia, excessive salivation and goitre; 1 steer died. Poorest growth rates in the wet season (0.44 dg/day) were achieved with signs occurred with 4 1/2, 5 1/2 or 6 1/2 days of Leucaena. The frequent observation of toxicity of Leucaena when grazed by cattle under irrigated or wet tropical conditions suggests that its use as a browse legume under these conditions needs further examination. PMID- 7233564 TI - Cell proliferation kinetics of the intramuscularly implanted Lewis lung carcinoma. AB - The growth kinetics of the Lewis lung carcinoma tumor was studied. The main proliferative parameters of an early stage of the growth (8th day after tumor implantation) were derived from the analysis of the growth curve and the fraction of labeled mitoses (FLM curve). The occurrence of proliferative changes due to the transplantation was confirmed. The main variations observed concern a shortening of the cell cycle time, a prolongation of the S phase duration and an increase in cell loss. A critical analysis of the results of this preliminary study is reported. PMID- 7233565 TI - Relationship of the degree and type of intraductal component with other morphologic findings in breast cancer. AB - The presence of mammary lobules around overt cancer and the amount and the type of intraductal tumor component (solid, comedo, cribrous, comedo-cribrous, papillary) were defined in 493 consecutive cases of infiltrating human breast cancer to analyze the association of these parameters with other morphologic parameters, such as productive fibrosis, lymphoid infiltrate and nuclear grade. Data showed a significant inverse relationship between degree of intraductal component and productive fibrosis (p less than 0.01) and direct relationships between a) presence of lobules and degree of intraductal component (p less than 0.02) and b) intraductal component of comedo type and lymphoid infiltrate (p less than 0.02). In addition, marked though not significant associations were observed between a) absence of lobules and intraductal component of papillary type (p less than 0.10) and b) nuclear grade 1 and intraductal component of the comedo type (p less than 0.10). Data suggest that cancers with a high degree of introductal component could have a lobular origin and papillary cancer could have a ductal origin. The other relationships observed might be useful in the subclassification of NOS (not otherwise specified) breast cancer. PMID- 7233566 TI - Lymphography in bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Experiences from three institutions. AB - The case material was collected from 3 Institutions with a total of 441 patients: 217 with primary bone tumor and 224 with soft tissue sarcomas. In the majority of patients lymphography was performed during the initial diagnostic workup. The lymphograms were interpreted as negative or positive for metastases. In bone tumors, the incidence of metastases was 21%, ranging from 28% for osteosarcoma to 18% for Ewing's sarcoma and 13% for chondrosarcoma. In tumors of the soft tissue, the frequency was somewhat higher (28%), with special regard to rhabdomyosarcoma (53%), anaplastic sarcoma (67%), neurogenic sarcoma (42%) and synovial sarcoma (35%). In the group of bone sarcomas, primary hematogenous spread was 3 times more frequent than lymphogenous spread, while in soft tissue sarcomas, with a higher incidence of lymphatic spread, this finding was inverted. In the more consistent tumor groups, the occurrence of lymphatic metastases indicated a significant worsening of the prognosis. In 96 patients, lymph node biopsies were performed and the radiologic histologic correlation gave evidence of a 97.7% overall diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 7233567 TI - Estrogen receptors and MPA treatment in metastatic renal carcinoma. A preliminary report. AB - Ten previously untreated patients with metastatic renal carcinoma underwent transperitoneal radical nephrectomy followed by high dosage MPA treatment. Estrogen receptors were determined in the specimen of all cases by the dextran coated charcoal method: both the neoplastic tissue and the healthy parenchyma were tested. The disease progressed in 8 cases, and 2 patients are alive without any evidence of progressive disease 12 and 27 months after the operation. Very low receptor levels were detected in these 2 cases and one of them could be defined as borderline with our threshold criterion. However, receptors were undetectable in the neoplastic tissue from 4 of 8 patients who progressed. These questionable results justified the start of a prospective multicentric trial to study in a large number of cases both hormone receptors and clinical response to hormone therapy in human renal cancer. PMID- 7233568 TI - Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with unfavorable histology: preliminary results. AB - From January 1978 to June 1979, 29 selected, previously untreated patients with unfavorable histology of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (12 DPDL, 7 DM, 9 DH and 1 DU) were submitted to the combination chemotherapy CHOP (cyclophosphamide, 750 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1; adriamycin, 50 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1; vincristine, 1.4 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1, and prednisone, 100 mg p.o. on day 1 through 5) every 21 days. Eighteen patients were in early stage (I or II) and 11 of them were also submitted to involved field radiotherapy (60Co), immediately before (stage I) or during (stage II) the chemotherapy, with a mean dosage of 4,500 rad. The remaining 11 patients were in advanced stage (III or IV) of disease and were treated with chemotherapy alone. We obtained 20 complete remissions (68%), 8 partial remissions (28%) and 1 no response (4%) to therapy. Sixteen of 18 patients (89%) in early stages and 4 of 11 patients (36%) in advanced stages achieved a complete remission. The bone marrow toxicity of the chemotherapy was moderate. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea were frequent but well controlled by the support therapy. The actuarial survival rate of patients, after 18 months of follow-up, is 41% (40% in complete remission). The patients who achieved a complete remission are alive and 65% of them still relapse free. We believe that the combination chemotherapy CHOP improves the complete remission rate as well as the survival of patients with unfavorable histology of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 7233569 TI - Surgical treatment of recurrences following sphincter-saving procedures for cancer of the rectum. AB - Of 77 patients treated by sphincter-saving procedures (anterior or pull-through resection) for cancer of the rectum, 17 (22%) developed a local recurrence; 10 of them were submitted to abdominoperineal resection. The "rescue" operation was technically difficult, and major problems, including large blood loss and ureteral complications, were often encountered. At operation the recurrent malignancy was more extended than preoperative diagnosis suggested, and reoperation was not macroscopically radical in one case. All patients but one died for the disease after a mean period of 19.8 months. Causes of local failure are analyzed to interpret the rational of surgical approach related to the poor results observed; intensive follow-up programs are also discussed. It is concluded that surgical treatment of local recurrence after sphincter-saving procedures must be reserved only to selected patients, with limited malignancy, and adjuvant radiochemotherapy should also be employed. PMID- 7233570 TI - Intracisternal tubules in human melanoma cells. AB - Aggregates of parallel microtubules have been found within cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in cells of six human metastatic melanomas. The tubules have a uniform diameter and regular spacing and in longitudinal sections can be seen to possess a fine periodicity. They are compared with tubuloreticular inclusions reported in other cells. PMID- 7233571 TI - The value of electron microscopy in diagnostic pathology. Case 6. PMID- 7233572 TI - Electron probe X-ray microanalysis of residual bodies in aged cultured human glial cells. AB - Secondary lysosomes of the residual body type are frequent in nondividing cells from phase III cultures of human glial cells. These organelles have previously been shown to be analogous to lipofuscin granules of postmitotic cells in vivo. Most recent studies favor the assumption that residual bodies mainly result from incomplete degradation within the lysosomal vacuome of endogenous cellular components such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Since iron occurs in several metalloenzymes produced by such organelles, it should then be possible to demonstrate accumulated iron within residual bodies. X-ray dispersive analysis of sectioned biological material is often hampered by diffusion and dissolution during preparation, as well as by too low a concentration of the elements. In this study we cultured glial cells on Formvar-coated gold grids and studied them unsectioned, after brief glutaraldehyde fixation and freeze-drying, in a transmission electron microscope at 100 kV in TEM and STEM mode. It was then possible to demonstrate iron in residual bodies of aged cells, presumably because the type of preparation utilized does not permit much dissolution. PMID- 7233573 TI - The value of electron microscopy in diagnostic pathology. Case 10. PMID- 7233574 TI - The value of electron microscopy in diagnostic pathology. Case 12. PMID- 7233575 TI - Adenomatoid tumor of the epididymis: ultrastructural evidence of its biphasic nature. AB - Two adenomatoid tumors of the epididymis were examined by light and electron microscopy. Epithelial elements were characterized by the presence of a basal lamina investment, gland formation, luminal microvilli, apical junctional complexes, and cytoplasmic tonofibrils. The stomal cells lacked these features and demonstrated marked cytoplasmic elongation, complex cell processes, a more prominent granular endoplasmic reticulum, evidence of phagocytic activity, and an intimate association with the surrounding collagen and elastic fibers. A continuity of cell-to-cell contact between the epithelial and stromal cells was demonstrated along with the presence of cells displaying both epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. This evidence of the biphasic nature of the neoplasm is consistent with its presumed mesothelial derivation. PMID- 7233576 TI - A case for the panel. PMID- 7233577 TI - The value of electron microscopy in diagnostic pathology. Case 2. PMID- 7233578 TI - The value of electron microscopy in diagnostic pathology. Case 3. PMID- 7233579 TI - The value of electron microscopy in diagnostic pathology. Case 5. PMID- 7233580 TI - Myxoid liposarcoma: study of ten cases. AB - The ultrastructure of 10 myxoid liposarcomas from 9 patients is presented. Features closely resembling those of developing fetal adipose tissue were seen in all tumors. THe various cell types identified ranged from undifferentiated cells to typical multivacuolated and univacuolated lipoblasts. In addition, a secretory type mesenchymal cell with distended cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum was found in every case as well as intermediate cells with secretory product and lipid accumulation. relative proportions of these types varied from case to case. A prominent feature in all cases was the particular spatial relationship of the abundant capillaries to the various cell types. The undifferentiated cells had perivascular processes with a tendency to envelop the primitive capillaries. These cells progressively enlarged and acquired features of the differentiated cell types as they separated from the lamina. Mitotic activity, when detectable, was prominent in the capillary wall and its vicinity. Lipoblasts resembling those of brown adipose tissue frequently coexisted in the same tumor with others analogous to those of white adipose tissue. Our findings suggest that tumor cells in liposarcoma originate from a dividing population of perivascular mesenchymal cells, in a manner akin to that of developing white adipose tissue. PMID- 7233581 TI - Mullerian adenosarcoma of the uterus: literature review, case report, and ultrastructural observations. AB - This is a report of a transmission and scanning electron microscopic examination of a mullerian adenosarcoma. The neoplasm had the characteristic pattern of benign neoplastic glands with focal squamous metaplasia and a sarcomatous stroma. Ultrastructurally, both mesenchymal and epithelial elements were identified. The mesenchymal components were ultrastructurally identical to those present in endometrial stromal sarcomas, including active collagen synthesis. The epithelial component resembled bening endometrial glands, and there was significant secretory activity as evidenced by prominent cytoplasmic glycogen collections. PMID- 7233582 TI - Epithelial-stromal interface in normal and neoplastic human bladder epithelium. AB - The ultrastructure of the epithelial-stromal interface of the human urinary bladder was studied in biopsy specimens that included 7 normal controls, 1 inverted papilloma, 18 noninvasive papillary carcinomas, and 19 invasive transitional cell carcinomas. In the invasive foci of the transitional cell carcinomas, the underlying basal lamina was attenuated or absent and the number of hemidesmosomes was decreased. These neoplastic cells displayed notably increased numbers of lysosomes, some of which appeared to be in the process of exocytosis. Increased numbers of cytoplasmic filaments adjacent to the plasma membranes at the invading pole of these cells were also observed. Tight junctions and junctional complexes were noticed adjacent to the tumor-stromal interface. None of the aforementioned features was observed in normal transitional epithelium, in inverted papilloma, in noninvasive papillary carcinomas, or in the noninvasive portions of invasive transitional cell carcinomas. Alterations of the epithelial-stromal interface deserve additional studies for they may constitute important parameters in the evaluation of actual or potential invasiveness in the various types of carcinoma of the bladder. PMID- 7233583 TI - Menkes syndrome: subcellular distribution of copper determined by an ultrastructural histochemical technique. AB - Several cell types from male infants with Menkes disease accumulate increased amounts of copper. Ultrastructural localization of copper by a histologic staining technique and X-ray microanalysis is established the subcellular distribution of the metal. In Menkes patients, copper was heavily concentrated on the brush border of intestinal epithelium as well as on the plasma membrane of cultured fibroblasts. The transport defect seems to be caused by a decreased transport of copper across plasma membrane, which mainly affects the influx mechanism. PMID- 7233584 TI - Central nervous system pathology of tuberous sclerosis in children. AB - Ten cases of tuberous sclerosis involving the central nervous system (CNS) in children aged 2 days to 15 years were studied. The abnormal cells found in subependymal, cortical, and white matter lesions were examined by light and electron microscopy. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were also employed. The results were similar in all lesions. Approximately one-third of the abnormal cells were positive by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), one-half by Nissl, and one-quarter by Holzer's stains. The intensity and pattern of GFAP staining varied from cell to cell and could not be predicted before staining. Ultrastructurally the cytoplasm of abnormal cells contained moderate to large numbers of 9- to 12-nm diameter fibrils and frequent dense bodies with crystalline appearance. Stacked rough endoplasmic reticulum was variable. Cell junctions and glycogen were rare. Nuclei were usually vesicular with a prominent nucleolus. Individual cells of tuberous sclerosis have features of both neurons and astrocytes. The disease may affect cells before differentiation. The predominant abnormal features of the cells in tuberous sclerosis are a great increase in fibrils and the presence of dense bodies, which may be a nonspecific reaction or result from a metabolic defect affecting the cells. PMID- 7233585 TI - Copper in green hair: a quantitative investigation by electron probe x-ray microanalysis. AB - Eleven cases of green hair were collected and hair tips were analyzed in the electron microscope by energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis. In all cases, remarkable copper concentrations could be demonstrated (0.2-1.8% w/w). In normal hair the concentration of copper was below the detection limit (0.02% w/w). Analyses of hair cross sections showed a concentration gradient from the periphery toward the center, the periphery having higher values. This observation is in agreement with suspected contamination of the hair with copper from extraneous sources: analysis of the tapwater in patients' homes showed elevated copper concentrations. In addition, the water showed aggressive properties (pH outside the recommended range, high nitrate concentrations, heavily chlorinated). Investigations by transmission electron microscopy showed damage in the endocuticula. Experimental studies of normal unaffected hair fibers showed that treatment with a copper salt alone could result in binding of copper to the hair but that the extent of copper binding could be greatly increased by damaging the cuticula with chlorinated water. It is suggested that aggressive water attacks copper tubings leading to increased copper concentrations in tapwater and causes cuticular damage, which facilitates entry of copper into the hair. PMID- 7233586 TI - Intermittent claudication and muscle fiber fine structure: correlation between clinical and morphological data. AB - Bilaterally obtained muscle biopsies (anterior tibial muscle) from 22 patients with unilateral peripheral arterial insufficiency (intermittent claudication) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by means of enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopy. In a majority of the biopsies from the symptomatic legs, two different patterns of morphological deviations were seen in the abnormal muscles: one suggested primary muscle fiber damage and the other indicated denervation. Biopsies from the asymptomatic legs were often only slightly changed or normal. Significant correlations were found in both legs between the relative number of type 1 (slow twitch, highly oxidative) fibers and the age of the subjects. In symptomatic legs, furthermore, a relation could be demonstrated between the relative number of type 1 fibers and (1) the initial walking tolerance (walking distance covered before pain occurred), (2) duration of symptoms, and (3) occlusion or stenosis at high level (i.e., above the deep femoral artery). Finally, the diameters of both type 1 and type 2 fibers in the symptomatic leg were correlated to the initial walking tolerance. The importance of circulatory disturbances as differential diagnostic points (arteriovasculo occlusive myopathy) in the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases is stressed. PMID- 7233587 TI - Correlative light optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy of skeletal muscle in muscular dystrophy and muscular atrophy: a pilot study. AB - Biopsies of skeletal muscle from three different cases of muscular dystrophy and one case of spinal muscular atrophy that has been fixed with Karnovsky's fluid were either routinely prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or were frozen to -20 degrees C and sectioned on a steel knife in a cryostat at 5-10 micrometer. The sections were coverslipped and examined using a light microscope equipped with polarizing optics (Pol). After areas were selected, the sections were prepared for SEM and thereby examined. The tissues on the slides that had been observed with light microscopy (LM) and SEM were prepared further for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) by infiltrating them with Epon and cutting sections at approximately 100 nm on an ultramicrotome. It is shown that the stage of contraction in one pathologic myofiber may vary along its length. The following advantages may be realized by using correlative (Pol leads to SEM leads to TEM) microscopy on skeletal muscle biopsies: 1) lesions can be differentiated from "normal" surrounding tissue; 2) doubtful structures can be reexamined with the SEM and TEM; and 3) the SEM image of different states of muscle contraction can be reinterpreted in the light of the Pol or TEM image. PMID- 7233588 TI - Metastatic melanoma: the spectrum of ultrastructural morphology. AB - The fine structure of 26 metastatic melanomas, including 13 pigmented and 13 amelanotic tumors, as studied to define ultrastructural criteria for diagnosis. Several important features in addition to melanosome granules were identified. Dendritic cytoplasmic processes were seen in 25 of the 26 cases, cell clusters formed by concentric aggregates of several cells and their processes were present in 18, and microvilli were found on cell surfaces in all cases. The cytoplasm was complex, containing numerous mitochondria, Golgi systems, endoplasmic reticulum, nonspecific filaments, and microtubules. Nuclear morphology was variable. Basement membranes and cell junctions including desmosomes were often encountered, and some melanomas shared features with Schwann cells, including complex membrane interdigitations. All tumors contained melanosomes, although the classic forms were frequently difficult to identify and abnormal variant forms often predominated. Knowledge of the variant melanosome morphology and an understanding of the other fine structural features of malignant melanocytes can help identify those cases that lack classic premelanosome granules. PMID- 7233589 TI - Metastatic melanoma with balloon cell changes: an electron microscopic study. AB - A case of metastatic balloon cell melanoma is presented. The balloon cells are ultrastructurally characterized by the presence of numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles and abnormal melanosomes, which confirm their melanocytic origin. The study supports the concept that the cytoplasmic vacuoles represent grossly dilated melanosomes. The value of electron microscopic examination is emphasized in order to distinguish these lesions from other malignant clear cell tumors. PMID- 7233590 TI - Clefts in intradermal nevi: an ultrastructural study. AB - Six intradermal melanocytic nevi, two with and four without intercellular slitlike spaces, were examined by light microscopy and electron microscopy of deparaffinized tissue. The spaces were partially lined by elongated nevus cells and contained a few collagen fibrils. Other features in both groups included an abundance of (1) immature elastic tissue comprised of aggregates of microfibrils lacking an amorphous component and (2) collagen fibrils that were finer than in normal dermis and did not form compact bundles. We propose that these elastic tissue and collagen fiber changes diminish the resistance of the dermis to the mechanical stress of the biopsy procedure and histologic processing, resulting in the formation of artifactual clefts. PMID- 7233591 TI - Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the esophagus. AB - Of a total of 928 primary esophageal cancers, 16 cases of "undifferentiated" esophageal carcinoma were isolated. The topographic and age distributions as well as the clinical presentation and evolution of these tumors were basically similar to those of the usual esophageal squamous carcinoma. By light microscopy, the tumors were comprised exclusively or predominantly of small, round-to-fusiform cells. The cytoplasm appeared scanty and the nuclei were comparatively large and hyperchromatic. Mitotic activity was prominent. Four of the sixteen neoplasms showed occasional foci of squamous differentiation. Argyrophilic cells were seen in all cases, although their number and distribution were variable. Occasional mucosubstance droplets were present in 2 cases. Argentaffin and amyloid stains were negative in all tumors. Ultrastructural studies revealed variable numbers of granules consisting of a dense core, a pale halo, and a single, delimiting membrane; these measured between 80 and 220 nm in diameter. Four of the sixteen cases displayed conspicuous tonofilament bundles and rare keratohyalin granules. The predominant ultrastructural common denominator of these tumors was the presence of characteristic neurosecretory-type granules; thus, their classification as neuroendocrine carcinomas would appear justified. Nevertheless, the abundant tonofilaments and the rare keratohyalin granules and mucosubstance droplets seen in several cases indicate that some of these epithelial cancers possess and express variable capabilities toward multidirectional differentiation. PMID- 7233592 TI - Glassy-cell carcinoma of the cervix: case report with a light and electron microscopy study. AB - A case of glassy-cell carcinoma of the cervix is reported. In the literature this tumor is regarded as an undifferentiated form of mixed carcinomas of the cervix. At the light microscopic level the tumor cells are characterized by a moderate amount of cytoplasm of ground-glass appearance that stains faintly blue with hematoxylin, a distinct cell wall that stains with eosin or with periodic acid Schiff (PAS), and large vesiculated nuclei with prominent nucleoli. In the cytoplasm of very few tumor cells, a minute amount of Alcian blue-positive material is demonstrated. At the electron microscopic level the tumor cells show distinct cell borders with interdigitating cytoplasmic projections that contain many desmosomes. Cytoplasmic tonofilaments were demonstrated in few tumor cells. The nuclei show a euchromatic appearance with prominent mesh-basket nucleoli. The cytoplasm contains abundant ribosomes, polyribosomes, and round to oval mitochondria with transverse cristae. Some cells contain a prominent Golgi apparatus with many lysosomelike structures. A very few cells have small intracytoplasmic lumina with microvilli and annulate lamellae. The assumption that the glassy-cell carcinoma of the cervix represents a poorly differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma finds support from our ultrastructural study. PMID- 7233593 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of apocrine carcinoma of the human breast. AB - A case report with ultrastructural analysis of an apocrine carcinoma of the breast is presented. The key finding with electron microscopy is numerous large mitochondria with abundant incomplete cristae. The ultrastructure of this tumor is compared to the ultrastructure of apocrine cells in the skin, oncocytes, and apocrine metaplastic cells of the breast. The apocrine carcinoma cells have some of the features of typical metaplastic breast epithelium and some features of oncocytes. Their exact origin remains open to speculation. PMID- 7233594 TI - Stromal reaction to neoplasia: colonic carcinomas. AB - The stroma and stromal reaction in the normal colon and in 14 different colonic tumors were studied by electron microscopy. Elastosis is a significant part of the stromal reaction to colonic adenocarcinomas and rectal squamous cell carcinomas. Two carcinoid tumors elicited no significant elastosis. In some of the adenocarcinomas, small muscular arteries close to neoplastic tissue developed massive elastosis of the media. This may indicate that the elastosis is due to stimulation of nonneoplastic stromal cells by some unknown neoplastic factor or factors. PMID- 7233595 TI - Gastric carcinoids of argyrophil ECL cells. AB - Histochemical and ultrastructural studies were carried out in four gastric carcinoids, two of which were associated with atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia. All tumors showed intense argyrophilia and vesicular granules resembling those of endocrine enterochromaffinlike (ECL) cells in normal human gastric mucosa. Tumor cells were found to be unreactive to all the 18 available antiserums to gut hormones, including gastrin, somatostatin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptides. The tumors were interpreted as ECL cell argyrophil carcinoids with the various degrees of differentiation and atypia. PMID- 7233596 TI - The quarterly case: a case of brain death. PMID- 7233597 TI - A case for the panel: anemone cell tumor. PMID- 7233598 TI - [Cholelithiasis in children]. PMID- 7233599 TI - [Pelvis fracture of the pelvis in side-impact collision. Pelvis fractures in 4 out of 6 persons in one car]. PMID- 7233600 TI - [A case of poisoning with anuria and circulatory failure treated with dopamine infusion]. PMID- 7233601 TI - [Schistosomiasis in Denmark - patho-anatomical diagnosis]. PMID- 7233602 TI - [Campylobacter jejuni enteritis complicated by glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7233603 TI - [Plasma cell granuloma. A pseudo-neoplastic lesion simulating plasmocytoma]. PMID- 7233604 TI - [Acute arsenic poisoning]. PMID- 7233605 TI - [Lymphangiomyoma as the cause of chylothorax]. PMID- 7233606 TI - [Avulsion of the distal tendon of biceps brachii]. PMID- 7233607 TI - [The new classification of drugs: the ATC-code now introduced]. PMID- 7233608 TI - [Pattern of alcohol consumption in the Danish population in 1979]. PMID- 7233609 TI - [Social conditions of the clientele of an outpatient clinic for alcoholics in he county of Vejle]. PMID- 7233610 TI - [Early photocoagulation of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 7233611 TI - Reconstruction of imperfectly ordered zinc-induced tubulin sheets using cross correlation and real space averaging. AB - Large negatively-stained two-dimensional tubulin arrays induced by incubation with zinc were examined using electron microscopy. When Fourier methods are applied for the reconstruction, the resolution depends critically on the order of these arrays. The real space cross-correlation method as described in this paper, however, can be satisfactorily applied to disordered arrays. The method involves selection of a small area which is used as a reference to locate correlation peaks in other regions. In this way the locations of various unit cells are determined, often at points which deviate from the exact lattice. The unit cells at their determined locations are averaged, and the average is used as an improved reference in another search for correlation peaks. The process can be iterated to refine the reference and improve the correlation mapping. If necessary, poorly correlating unit cells can be ignored in the averaging, and rotational as well as translational corrections can be considered; but neither of these steps were found to be necessary in the studies on the zinc-induced tubulin sheets reported here. When both correlation and Fourier methods were compared for the same areas of selected sheets, the two methods gave comparable results for relatively well ordered regions, but the correlation images were superior for the more poorly ordered regions. In addition, even for the relatively well ordered regions the correlation images revealed some details that were lacking in the simple Fourier reconstructions but did appear in more extensive studies involving three-dimensional reconstruction. A direct comparison of the efficacy of real space and Fourier space reconstruction methods is presented using disordered model data. PMID- 7233612 TI - Ovulation and corpus luteum formation observed by ultrasonography. PMID- 7233614 TI - Ultrasonic pulse-echo beam width and axial response approximations for clinical broadband focused transducers. PMID- 7233613 TI - The directional characteristics of some ultrasonic Doppler blood-flow probes. PMID- 7233615 TI - A comparative study between a linear-array real-time hand-held scanner (minivisor) and a compound scanner (diasonograph) in the measurement of the fetal biparietal diameter. PMID- 7233616 TI - Ultrasonic irradiation of mouse tissues in vivo and human amniotic cells in vitro. PMID- 7233617 TI - Blood chemical and hematological effects of ultrasonic irradiation of mice. PMID- 7233618 TI - Uniqueness in grey-scale scattering phantoms. PMID- 7233619 TI - Calibration and characterization of heat flow transducers for use in hyperbaric helium. AB - A calibration technique for heat flow transducers (HFT) verified to within 5% by the National Bureau of Standards was used to show significant errors in calibration constants supplied by the manufacturer of the transducers. The effects of variable ambient temperature and hyperbaric helium on HFT signal responses were defined. Application of accurate calibration constants and appropriate temperature correction factors when using HFTs in hyperbaric helium allowed measurement of convective heat flow to within l0%. PMID- 7233620 TI - An apparatus for performing filtration assays in hyperbaric atmospheres. AB - A detailed understanding of the effects of diving gases on the central nervous system will require extensive neurochemical studies. One standard tool of the neurochemist is the filtration assay used to measure the binding of neuroeffectors to receptors, for example. We describe here a system for carrying our 12 such assays in hyperbaric gaseous environments. The device fits in a small pressure chamber and consists of a syringe drive for delivering solutions to the filter units brought in turn under an injection nozzle by a conveying carousel. A modified commercial filter apparatus is held on top of a vacuum-tight collection compartment. Solution is injected into an incubation well above the filter. After stirring and incubation, filtration is performed by allowing the positive pressure of the chamber to burst a diaphragm at the bottom of the incubation well and push the solution through the filter. The binding of [3H]acetylcholine to receptor-rich membranes from Torpedo californica was studied. In one experiment a percentage receptor occupancy of 49.5+/-1.4 at 5 atm was reduced to 41 7+/-0.9 at 300 atm. PMID- 7233621 TI - Speech intelligibility at high helium-oxygen pressures. AB - Word-list intelligibility scores of unprocessed speech (mean of 4 subjects) were recorded in helium-oxygen atmospheres at stable pressures equivalent to 1600, 1400, 1200, 1000, 860, 690, 560, 392, and 200 fsw daring Predictive Studies IV 1975 by wide-bandwidth condenser microphones (frequency responses not degraded by increased gas density). Intelligibility scores were substantially lower in helium oxygen a 200 fsw than in air at l ATA, but there was little difference between 200 fsw and 1600 fsw. A previously documented prominent decrease in intelligibility of speech between 200 or 600 fsw because of helium and pressure was probably due to degradation of microphone frequency response by high gas density. PMID- 7233622 TI - Solubility of helium, argon, and sulfur hexafluoride in human blood measured by mass spectrometry. AB - A method has been developed to measure the solubility coefficients of gases in liquids by respiratory mass spectrometry. A sample (2.5 ml) pf the test liquid, equilibrated with a test gas mixture, is injected into a sealed flask (approximately 140 ml) for extraction by equilibration. The reequilibrated gas phase in the flask is analyzed by a mass spectrometer. Separately, an equal volume (2.5 ml) of the equilibrating test gas mixture is injected into a larger sealed flask (approximately ll liter) where it is mixed and then analyzed by the mass spectrometer. Solubility in the liquid is calculated from the ratio of mass spectrometer readings in both flasks and the ratio of flask volumes. The ratio of volumes of the small and the large flasks is made similar to the gas/liquid partition coefficient whereby the mass spectrometer readings in both become similar. With this approach, errors due to amplifier and mass spectrometer nonlinearity are greatly attenuated. The method was used to measure the solubility of helium, argon, and sulfur hexafluoride in distilled water, human plasma, and human blood. PMID- 7233623 TI - Therapeutic effects of hyperbaric oxygen and dimethyl sulfoxide following spinal cord transections in rats. AB - Thirty adult, male, Long-Evans hooded rats underwent spinal cord transections at the T5 vertebral level. Following surgery, animals were separated into three groups: Group I received only normal postoperative care; Group II received daily hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatments for 47-54 consecutive days; Group III received the same HBO treatment as Group II in addition to subcutaneous injections of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 10 consecutive days. All animals were killed 60-70 days postlesion. The lesioned area of spinal cord was removed and prepared for light and electron microscopy. Group I animals showed typical scar reduction of cavitations, increased scarring, and more nerve fibers within the lesion. Three animals in this group exhibited coordinated hindlimb movement, with one animal showing weight-bearing ability. The lesion sit in group III animals revealed a reduction in collagen formation and a further increase in the number of nerve fibers. Six animals in Group III showed coordinated hindlimb movements; among these two displayed weight-bearing ability and sensory return. PMID- 7233624 TI - Amelioration of decompression sickness in mice by pretreatment with cyproheptadine. AB - Substances that stimulate smooth muscle have been previously implicated in the pathogenesis of decompression sickness. This concept was strongly supported by the demonstration that compounds that combine activities against histamine, bradykinin, and serotonin prevent or ameliorate decompression sickness. This communication deals with the prophylactic effect of cyproheptadine (Periactin), a drug exhibiting such pharmacologic properties. More than 500 obese mice were used. Experimental groups, subcutaneously injected with cyproheptadine (0.5-40 mg/kg) prior to compression, and corresponding control animals were simultaneously subjected to 75 psig air pressure for 6 h and then rapidly decompressed. Most control animals exhibited signs of decompression sickness (chokes, scratching, twitching, convulsions, paralysis) and died. Gross and histologic examination revealed gas bubbles in vessels and tissues, perivascular edema, and other changes. In cyproheptadine-treated animals the incidence and severity of clinical manifestations and pathologic alterations were reduced, and mortality was marked decreased. Statistically significant results were obtained with doses of 2.5-10.0 mg/kg. The 5-mg/kg does lowered mortality by 45.9%. These results support the proposed pathogenetic concept and suggest a potential preventive treatment for human subjects. PMID- 7233625 TI - [Diagnosis of fibulotalar ligament lesions during growth (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233626 TI - [Operative treatment of recent fractures of distal radius (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233627 TI - [Results of operatively treated malleolar fractures in adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233628 TI - [The treatment of the femoral neck fracture by femoral head prosthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233629 TI - [Temporary dressing of burn wounds using sterile frozen porcine skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233630 TI - [Treatment of spine-injuries using halo-fixateur (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233631 TI - [The influence of the trace-elements copper and zinc on bone healing in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7233632 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with only three daily fluid exchanges. PMID- 7233633 TI - Prophylaxis of urinary tract infection. PMID- 7233634 TI - Clinical experience with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7233635 TI - A preliminary report on transsexualism in Northern Ireland. PMID- 7233636 TI - The mastectomy advisory service. PMID- 7233637 TI - Evaluation of chronic renal failure by digital gray-scale ultrasound. AB - Forty-two patients presenting with chronic renal failure (serum creatinine 1.5- 22.2 mg/dl) were examined with digital gray-scale ultrasound using high-frequency transducers. In 41 patients both kidneys were diffusely hyperechoic. Corticomedullary boundary could be defined in only a few patients. In one patient with focal glomerulopathy and mildly reduced renal function, the kidneys were ultrasonographically normal. The increased echogenicity of kidneys was not specific to any renal parenchymal diseases, and there was no definite correlation between the echogenicity of the kidneys, kidney size, and the degree of decrease of renal function. PMID- 7233638 TI - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of post-percutaneous renal biopsy hematoma. AB - Perirenal hematoma is an uncommon, but significant complication of renal biopsy. Ultrasound provides a quick, non-invasive means of diagnosis. PMID- 7233639 TI - Right renal pelvis visualization in females: incidental detection in routine bone scanning. AB - A 22% incidence of renal pelvis or calyceal "hot spot" anomalies was found incidental to routine bone scanning. The majority of these anomalies were due to bilateral or right renal pelvis visualization, and statistical analysis determined there to be a significant female incidence, and persistence in repeat studies. This suggests an anatomical or functional basis for this finding. PMID- 7233640 TI - Balloon dilatation of urethral strictures. AB - Postinflammatory and posttraumatic urethral strictures present a significant clinical problem. Conventional dilatation techniques are usually associated with recurrence and aggravation of the strictures. This is attributed to the mucosal and periurethral trauma associated with conventional dilatation methods. The initial results in seven patients undergoing balloon dilatation for urethral strictures are presented. The method is relatively atraumatic and painless, and better long-term results are anticipated. PMID- 7233641 TI - Endometrial stromal tumors, their varied radiographic patterns. AB - There is a spectrum of endometrial stromal neoplasms which extends from borderline benign to low-grade malignant. These have a definite tendency to metastasize. Proper diagnosis is important because they have an excellent prognosis with long-term survival even with evidence of recurrence or metastases. Aggressive treatment is mandatory. This represents the first report of the radiographic spectrum of the entity as seen in 7 cases. The patients are usually in middle age and present with vaginal bleeding. Not previously stressed is the presence of diarrhea in many of them. Prior uterine surgery even for "fibroids" should be viewed with suspicion. A pelvic mass was usually seen on plain films, intervenous pyelogram (IVP), or barium enema (BE). Ultrasound showed a mixed cystic configuration of the tumors, whereas computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a definitely solid mass. The lesions simulated primary carcinoma of the colon, retroperitoneal tumor, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Metastases to the lung and the bone were also identified. PMID- 7233642 TI - An infected renal cyst. AB - A patient with a large renal cyst that became infected, after puncture, is reported. A very high LDH of the aspirate was highly suggestive of infection. CT showed air bubbles, a thick wall with little contrast enhancement, and low density content. CT alone cannot differentiate an infected cyst from an abscess necrotic tumor. PMID- 7233643 TI - Nephrocalcinosis in chronic glomerulonephritis: report of the youngest patient. AB - Diffuse cortical calcification is an unusual form of nephrocalcinosis most often seen in chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). The authors report the youngest patient with nephrocalcinosis of CGN, a 13-year-old boy, and briefly review the radiologic and pathologic features of this entity. PMID- 7233644 TI - Renal emphysema secondary to traumatic renal infarction. AB - Renal emphysema is most often due to emphysematous pyelonephritis in diabetics. The emphysema is the result of infection by gas-forming organisms. Intrarenal gas can also be seen under noninfective conditions. The report is a case of renal emphysema following traumatic renal infarction. PMID- 7233645 TI - Development and progression of renal papillary necrosis in SA hemoglobinopathy. AB - The following case report documents the progression of renal papillary necrosis in a patient with SA hemoglobinopathy. PMID- 7233646 TI - Rapid bolus injection technique. PMID- 7233647 TI - Clinical pathologic conference: 63-year-old man with a right flank mass. PMID- 7233648 TI - Pharmacoangiography of the kidney: an overview. AB - The use of various vasoactive drugs in the angiographic investigation of renal pathology is discussed. It is concluded that vasoconstrictors (e.g., angiotensin) are to be preferred in order to demonstrate neovascularity, whereas vasodilators yield more information about "medical diseases" of the kidney. In spite of the increased use of noninvasive techniques such as ultrasound and computed tomography, it is suggested that pharmacoangiography will still remain a valuable tool in the diagnostic armamentarium of urologic radiologists. PMID- 7233649 TI - The effect of antifibrinolysis on renal stone formation. AB - The influence of decreased urinary fibrinolysis on renal stone formation was studied in rats fed on a calculus producing diet. The alteration in the isolated glomerular fibrinolytic activity indicating the amount of urokinase produced has also been investigated using a histochemical fibrin slide technique. The glomerular fibrinolytic activity was significantly enhanced by both tranexamic acid and the dietary treatment. The induced antifibrinolysis resulted in a significantly higher incidence of grossly visible calculi in the renal pelvis and in calcified deposits along the cortico-medullary border of the kidney. The results support the concept that a decline in urinary fibrinolytic activity can lead to the formation of renal stones. PMID- 7233650 TI - Preservation of the ischaemic canine kidney with inosine. AB - Direct intra-renal perfusion of inosine was found to protect the canine kidney from 90 min of warm ischaemia. Significantly lower (P less than 0.01) serum creatinine levels were found 24 and 72 h post-operatively in an inosine treated group (N = 12) when compared to a control group (N = 5). Histological examination of the pre-treated kidneys confirmed the protective effect of inosine. PMID- 7233651 TI - Development of human fetal prostate in culture. AB - The direct influence of androgens on prostatic development was studied by culturing explants of urogenital sinuses of human embryos and fetuses aged 6 to 13 weeks in the presence of either (10(-7) mol/l testosterone or dihydrotestosterone for 6 days. The differentiation of prostatic epithelial cells started both in control and androgen-treated explants in the ninth week, and androgens accelerated the differentiation of the secretory pathway organelles in the epithelial cells. The amount of granular endoplasmic reticulum and the number of Golgi complexes increased in the presence of androgens, especially in the older fetuses. Incipient secretory activity appeared in some cells during the culture and the differentiation occurred sooner in the androgen-treated explants than in the controls or in vivo. The differentiation and maintenance of the urogenital mesenchyme was also better in the presence of the hormone. The direct epitheliomesenchymal cell contacts seen earlier in vivo were also seen during the differentiation in vitro. These contacts may indicate an inductive role of the mesenchyme in the glandular morphogenesis. Androgens were not able to induce the epithelial differentiation in vitro before the first signs of mesenchymal differentiation were evident in vivo. The results suggest either that the mesenchymal changes are not solely determined by androgens or that the early explants may require additional factors for proper differentiation. PMID- 7233653 TI - Segmental calculus disease: potential of parital nephrectomy. AB - Partial nephrectomy was performed on 71 renal units between 1962 and 1978 for segmental calculus disease. Parenchymal scarring associated with an infundibulocalyceal stone, which was usually branched, was the indication for resection. Stone analysis demonstrated an equal incidence of idiopathic and struvite stones. Perioperative morbidity was minimal, but pyelocutaneous urinary drainage prolonged the hospitalization of 5 patients. In 2 cases, the cause was an obstructing retained calculus. Retained calculi occurred in 3 other patients, one requiring early nephrectomy for sepsis. Fifty-seven patients were followed for longer than twelve months. Ipsilateral calculi recurred in 12 per cent of kidneys, and contralateral new calculi developed in the same number. Ninety-four per cent of patients with preoperative urinary tract infections had sterile urine at follow-up. From the results of this and other series, partial nephrectomy compares favorably with extended pyelolithotomy and anatrophic nephrotomy for segmental calculus disease associated with parenchymal scarring and/or a deformed collecting system. PMID- 7233652 TI - The effect of pre-existing bacteriuria on bladder resistance to superinfection in the rabbit. AB - Pre-existing bacteriuria of 2 to 3 weeks' duration in the rabbit had no effect on either the histological integrity of the sialomucin layer (anti-adherence factor) of the bladder mucosa or the protective effect of this layer against super infection. PMID- 7233654 TI - Depressed myocardial function after transurethral resection of prostate. AB - Cardiovascular physiologic monitoring was undertaken in 12 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate with the aid of flow-directed Swan-Ganz catheter and the Automated Physiologic Profile. Cardiac and pulmonary pressures and physiologic parameters were derived pre- and postoperatively. Resecting time, body temperature, intravenous fluid administered, serum hemoglobin, and sodium also were recorded. Of the 12 patients studied, 66 per cent experienced a drop in their cardiac index as well as their left ventricular function after surgery. Myocardial function curves revealed that 7 patients (58 per cent) had decreased cardiac function, 2 had no change, and 3 had increased function. Four patients with preoperative pulmonary wedge pressures (PAW) over 9 mm. Hg experienced depressed cardiac function. Three patients were resected for over sixty minutes, and all experienced depressed cardiac function. Vital signs, serum hemoglobin, or serum sodium did not reflect this change. We believe that relative hypervolemia, undetected elevation of pulmonary wedge pressure. We believe that relative hypervolemia, undetected elevation of pulmonary wedge pressure, and prolonged resection are factors that depress cardiac function and increase the risk of cardiovascular complication in transurethral surgery. PMID- 7233655 TI - Usefulness of preoperative transcatheter embolization in kidney tumors. AB - In recent years preoperative transcatheter embolization has been used widely in the management of kidney tumors. However, the effective clinical usefulness of this method has not yet been proved. Forty cases of kidney tumors treated by preoperative embolization and radical nephrectomy are reviewed and compared with a homogeneous group of patients who did not undergo preoperative embolization. Intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complication, and survival rate were statistically evaluated according to tumor stage. Advantages and disadvantages of preoperative transcatheter embolization of kidney tumors are reviewed. PMID- 7233656 TI - Prostatic carcinoma. Influence of tumor grade on results of pelvic lymphadenectomy. AB - Two hundred fifteen patients have undergone pelvic node dissection in clinical Stages A1, A2, B1, and B2 adenocarcinoma of the prostate as a final staging procedure. Two hundred four patients have had the tumor grade assessed adequately and the influence of the grade on the results of the node dissection evaluated. As the grade of the primary tumor worsens in each clinical stage, the incidence of positive nodes increases. PMID- 7233657 TI - Traumatic torsion of testicle. AB - Most genitourinary surgeons advocate early exploration of all enlarging scrotal masses, hematoceles, or suspected testicular ruptures resulting from trauma. Two cases of torsion of the testicle following severe blunt testicular trauma are presented. It is suggested that another indication for prompt surgical exploration of a scrotal mass after severe blunt testicular trauma is to help establish an early diagnosis of torsion of the testicle. This approach affords an opportunity for appropriate therapy and testicular salvage. PMID- 7233658 TI - Autonomic innervation of rabbit urinary bladder following estrogen administration. AB - The effects of estrogen administration on the autonomic innervation of the rabbit urinary bladder were studied. Immature female white rabbits were injected twice daily with estrogen (150 microgram./Kg.) for four consecutive days. Control animals received injections of vehicle alone. The adrenergic innervation was identified using the glyoxalic acid method of catecholamine histofluorescence. The cholinergic innervation was visualized utilizing specific acetylcholinesterase staining. Additionally, the effect of estrogen administration on the response of smooth muscle strips of urinary bladder to specific autonomic agonists was determined. Estrogen administration induced a moderate increase in the adrenergic innervation of the rabbit bladder detrusor, whereas no change could be observed in the cholinergic innervation. It should be noted, however, that whereas the adrenergic innervation in the bladder of the control animal was sparse, the cholinergic innervation in the bladder body was quite dense. Estrogen induced a marked increase in the response to alpha adrenergic (methoxamine) and muscarinic cholinergic (bethanechol) agonists. No alterations were noted in the response to beta-adrenergic agonists (isoproterenol). These findings indicate that the urinary bladder responds as a target organ for estrogen-induced alterations in autonomic innervation. PMID- 7233659 TI - Ultrasonically guided percutaneous pyeloscopy. AB - A method for percutaneous endoscopic study of the renal pelvis has been developed in our clinic. A thin endoscope has been manufactured which is introduced into the dilated renal pelvis via a puncture under ultrasonic real-time guidance to allow inspection. This technique has been named percutaneous pyeloscopy. The method can also be applied to the inspection of the renal cyst, the retroperitoneal space, and the urinary bladder. PMID- 7233660 TI - Introduction of trimethoprim: a mixed blessing. AB - Trimethoprim recently has been released by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) exclusively for the treatment of acute symptomatic uncomplicated bacterial urinary tract infections. The compound compares favorably with alternative standard agents, such as ampicillin and cephalexin, for the therapy of women with acute symptomatic urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli. Trimethoprim should not be prescribed for the pregnant woman. Indiscriminate administration of the drug could foster the emergence of strains resistant to trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Trimethoprim has not been approved by the FDA for the treatment of recurrent, bacterial urinary tract infections. PMID- 7233661 TI - Ureteral injury associated with lumbar disk surgery. PMID- 7233662 TI - Urologic evaluation of megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome. PMID- 7233663 TI - Epidermoid cyst of anterior commissure of labia majora and separated pubic bones. PMID- 7233664 TI - Link between caudal regression and Vater syndromes. AB - A variant between caudal and regression and Vater syndromes is presented which was significant anomalies of the genitourinary tract. The patient has a normal 46XX karyotype with the following urogenital anomalies: solitary pelvic kidney with megacalycosis, high ureteral bud or diverticulum, and ectopic insertion of the ureter into the proximal urethra; as well as, sacral agenesis, vaginal atresia, aberrant gonadal tissue, and uterine agenesis. PMID- 7233665 TI - Kaposi sarcoma of glans penis. PMID- 7233666 TI - Use of visual urethrotome to release "sewn in" Foley catheter. PMID- 7233667 TI - Doppler ultrasound for localization of testicular artery during varicocelectomy. PMID- 7233668 TI - Case profile: teratoma of renal fossa. PMID- 7233669 TI - Leiomyoma of bladder. Preoperative diagnosis by ultrasound. PMID- 7233670 TI - Cinoxacin: an overview. PMID- 7233671 TI - Cinoxacin in urinary tract infections. Theoretical and practical considerations. AB - In dogs we found that cinoxacin concentrations in prostatic tissue, secretion, and interstitial fluid always were lower than the simultaneous serum concentrations, during constant infusion experiments. The cinoxacin concentrations in urethral and vaginal secretions were similar to those found in prostatic interstitial fluid, approximately one third to one fourth of the simultaneous serum concentrations. The concentrations of cinoxacin in human prostatic tissue after single or multiple doses of 500 mg. were found to be in the range of minimum inhibitory concentrations for most microorganisms found in urinary tract infections. Cinoxacin was found to have a half-life of 2.7 hours in patients with normal renal function, but increased to 8.5 hours in patients with impaired renal function. We found little or no drug accumulation during a seven day treatment of patients with impaired renal function. PMID- 7233672 TI - Cinoxacin and nalidixic acid in treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 7233674 TI - Needle biopsy of prostate. PMID- 7233673 TI - A comparative drug study of lower urinary tract infections in elderly patients. AB - The urinary antibacterial drugs cinoxacin (Cinobac) and nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) were compared for efficacy and side effects in the treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections occurring in elderly patients admitted to a rehabilitation hospital. Twenty-five patients received cinoxacin and 27 received nitrofurantoin for an average of thirteen days' treatment. The antibacterial spectrum of cinoxacin was noted to be better than that of nitrofurantoin, but both drugs performed well in clearing the infections caused by susceptible organisms. There were no side effects from cinoxacin therapy, but 15 per cent of patients receiving the nitrofurantoin experienced anorexia and nausea, in some cases sufficiently severe to require early termination of therapy. PMID- 7233675 TI - Pearls: other uses for lidocaine. PMID- 7233676 TI - Saralasin testing in pediatric hypertension. PMID- 7233677 TI - Intrauterine testicular torsion. PMID- 7233678 TI - [Effectiveness of isoglaucon after glaucoma operations]. PMID- 7233679 TI - [Classification of physiological and glaucomatous extraction of the optic disk]. PMID- 7233680 TI - [Use of a vacuum in the compression perimetric test in diagnosing glaucoma]. PMID- 7233681 TI - [Use of autologous aqueous humor for restoring the anterior chamber after cataract extraction]. PMID- 7233682 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the human cornea during long-term preservation by freezing and lyophilization]. PMID- 7233683 TI - [New devices for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular pathology in the 10th Five Year Plan]. PMID- 7233684 TI - [Tuberculous allergic eye diseases]. PMID- 7233685 TI - [Results of taurine therapy in senile cataracts]. PMID- 7233686 TI - [Calcium dobesilate in the combination therapy of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 7233687 TI - [Polyacrylamide solution as a base for eyedrops with a lowered drug concentration]. PMID- 7233688 TI - [Role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of traumatic hemophthalmos]. PMID- 7233689 TI - [Lipid metabolic indices in diabetic children with normal and altered fundus oculi]. PMID- 7233690 TI - [Use of standardized forms of mass-produced eye prostheses]. PMID- 7233691 TI - [Diagnostic importance of Hyams' test preoperatively in open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7233692 TI - [Patterns of keratitis morbidity based on data from the Sverdlovsk Eye Clinic]. PMID- 7233693 TI - [Surgical treatment of nystagmus]. PMID- 7233694 TI - [Unilateral retinal pigment abiotrophy]. PMID- 7233695 TI - [Annular, equatorial staphyloma of the sclera accompanied by retinal detachment]. PMID- 7233696 TI - [A case of injury to an eye with implanted intraocular lens]. PMID- 7233697 TI - [Case of transitory keratopathy in a skier caused by low air temperature and maximal physical exertions]. PMID- 7233698 TI - [Role of the relative pupillary block in the pathogenesis of primary closed-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7233699 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the cardiac functional reserve in operated and nonoperated congenital heart defect patients]. AB - The functional cardiac reserve was studied in 26 non-operated and 42 operated patients with congenital heart diseases. The ratio of the maximum utilization of oxygen (VO2 max) to the heart volume (HV) was shown to be an objective quantitative index of the functional cardiac reserve. The authors believe that the value of the functional cardiac reserve may be used for the determination of risk as well as for the assessment of the rehabilitation of the rehabilitation significance of operations in patients with congenital heart diseases. PMID- 7233700 TI - [Allotendinoplasty in knee joint injuries]. AB - The experience of surgical treatment of 51 patients with fresh and old injuries of the knee joint is analyzed. The operation consisted in plastic of the integrity of the injured patella, extension apparatus, cruciate ligaments of the knee joint. Allogenic tendinous transplants of musculus peroneus longus, extensor of the foot toes, flexor of fingers conserved by freezing were used. Good results of the treatment were obtained in 43 patients, satisfactory-in 5 and unsatisfactory-in 3 patients. PMID- 7233701 TI - [Treatment of patellar pseudarthroses]. PMID- 7233702 TI - [Clinical x-ray diagnosis of retroperitoneal neuroblastomas in children]. AB - The clinico-roentgenological picture of retroperitoneal neuroblastomas was studied in 124 children. According to the clinical course of the disease the patients were divided into 3 main groups: a group with asymptomatic course (18 patients), children with local symptoms (63 patients). The roentgenological examination is believed by the authors to be a leading factor in the diagnosis of retroperitoneal neuroblastomas. PMID- 7233703 TI - [Ureterocele in children]. AB - Ectopic ureterocele associated with double kidney and ureter was observed in 95 children and orthotopic ureterocele in 9 children. Most of them were the girls (91 of 104). All the children were operated upon (135 operations). The results were studied in 78 children within the terms from 1 to 10 years. Useful practical recommendations are given. PMID- 7233704 TI - [Characteristics of the local pathological changes in acute pancreatitis and therapeutic procedural problems]. AB - On the basis of great clinical material (804 patients with pancreatonecrosis) the authors give clinico-morphological characteristics of main components of local pathological changes connected with acute pancreatitis. Debatable questions of the curative methods are described. More exact indications for early surgical interventions are considered in detail. PMID- 7233705 TI - [Importance of anticoagulants and fibrinolytic preparations in the adjuvant treatment of acute pancreatitis]. AB - The hemostasis system was investigated in 95 patients with edema of the pancreas (71) and pancreatonecrosis (24). The alterations found speak of the state of hypercoagulation and activation of aggregation properties of the blood in 74 % of patients with edema of the pancreas and in 80 % of patients with pancreatonecrosis. The data obtained enabled the authors to perform the pathogenetic treatment in 63,1 % of patients by means of anticoagulants of the direct and indirect action in combination with the desaggregative therapy activating fibrinolysis. The treatment was carried on in combination with the generally used methods of surgery and therapy. During the period under consideration there were no lethal outcomes in the group of patients subjected to conservative treatment. The postoperative lethality in pancreatonecrosis decreased from 31,8 % to 27,2 %. PMID- 7233706 TI - [Direct exchange blood transfusions and therapeutic plasmapheresis in the overall treatment of severely burned patients]. AB - For the treatment of critically burned patients direct blood transfusions, direct substitution of blood and plasma were shown to possess a powerful desintoxicating action improving the function of important organs and systems. PMID- 7233707 TI - [Characteristics of the aggregate state of autogenous blood transfusion media]. AB - About 300 samples of the autogenous blood prepared by different methods were examined in order to study peculiarities of the accumulation and structure of microclots of autogenous hemotransfusion media. The morphological and coagulation properties of the blood of patients before exfusion were found to be related to the velocity of accumulation of microaggregates after it. The role of methods of stabilization, conservation and terms of storage is shown in the dynamics of the aggregation state and the role of fibrin in the microaggregate structure. The filtration "in the depth" is shown to be efficient for the prevention of posthemotransfusional microembolism of the pulmonary vascular bed. PMID- 7233708 TI - [Anaphylactic shock to the intravenous administration of a Gelatinol solution]. PMID- 7233709 TI - ["Portalization" of the blood outflow from the adrenals for the purpose of enhancing corticosteroid metabolism (a review of the Soviet and foreign literature)]. PMID- 7233710 TI - [Drainage of the thoracic lymphatic duct via its opening by a transvenous approach]. PMID- 7233711 TI - [Clinical aspects and surgical treatment of opisthorchiasis strictures of the biliary tracts]. AB - The authors observed 468 patients with complicated opisthorchiasis. Seventy nine patients were operated for strictures of the biliary tract with different localization. The clinical picture and treatment of opisthorchiasis strictures of the bile ducts, their diagnosis and surgical treatment are described. The surgical treatment is found to be expedient in opisthorchiasis strictures of the biliary tract with the necessary external drainage of the bile ducts for their decompression and sanitation in the postoperative period. PMID- 7233712 TI - [Pulmonary artery aneurysm]. AB - The article is concerned with the questions of etiology, pathogenesis and classification of the aneurysm of the pulmonary artery. Two cases observed by the authors are described. A 38-year-old patient had idiopathic aneurysm of the trunk and the right pulmonary artery. During the operation the right pulmonary artery was enveloped by a vascular prosthesis and a partial dissection of aneurysm of the pulmonary artery trunk was performed. In the second patient the aneurysm accompanied a mild valvular pulmonary stenosis. The patient was operated upon to liquidate pulmonary stenosis and to partially dissect the aneurysm. The both patients were discharged in a satisfactory condition. The authors point to a potential danger of the aneurysm of the pulmonary artery which can rupture and result in fatal hemorrhage. PMID- 7233713 TI - [Liquid-crystal thermography in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis complicated by biliary peritonitis]. AB - The paper is summing up the experience concerning the application of liquid crystalline thermography in order to diagnose various forms of acute cholecystitis complicated by biliary peritonitis. The method was used in 56 patients with various forms of acute cholecystitis and in 30 healthy middle-aged people. The authors believe the method used to give more exact diagnosis of the spread and phase of the inflammatory process in different forms of acute cholecystitis. PMID- 7233714 TI - [Use of cellulose derivatives in experimental splenic resection]. AB - Resection of the spleen following its damage performed in experiment on 42 dogs with plasty of the resection surface by cellulose phosphate in the calcium form or monocarboxyl cellulose. The biocompatibility of the cellulose derivatives with the organism was studied by means of the assessment of protein cholesterol metabolism and the urea content. The microscopic data of the process of resorption of cellulose materials and their substitution by the connective tissue were investigated. The data obtained suggest that cellulose sorbents possess good hemostatic and plastic properties and may be used for the plasty of veins after resection of the spleen. PMID- 7233715 TI - [Changes in the peripheral blood picture in acute appendicitis in relation to accelerated development]. AB - The authors have noted changes in the peripheral blood picture in patients with acute phlegmonous and catarrhal appendicitis for the last 20 years. General leukocytosis was found to be higher with a simultaneous elevation of a relative amount of lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils; the relative neutrophilia decreased with no changes in the absolute amount of neutrophils. The causes of these changes are supposed to be the same as those of acceleration. PMID- 7233716 TI - [Endoscopic diagnostic errors in colon cancer]. AB - The results of colonoscopy in 567 patients with malignant tumors of the colon have shown that in 10,0% of cases there were errors in primary endoscopic diagnosis due to inferior examination of the colon, missing of malignant tumors, misinterpretation of the alterations revealed. The authors believe that a single endoscopic examination can not be considered decisive, especially when tumor had been clinically or roentgenologically suspected. Only repeated dynamic observations during 12-14 months with 1-3 month intervals can give final conclusions. The authors believe the thorough early analysis, knowledge of endoscopic symptoms, correct estimation of the data of colonoscopy and biopsy to allow avoiding serious diagnostic errors in future. PMID- 7233717 TI - [Metastatic ovarian tumors in rectal cancer patients]. AB - Under investigation were 207 female patients with carcinoma of the rectum aged 17 to 68 subjected to bilateral ovariectomy in addition to radical operation. A control group (95 women) subjected only to radical operations for carcinoma of the rectum was also analyzed. It was found that the metastatic spreading of the rectum carcinoma into the ovaries took place in 8.2% of cases. The ovaries were established to be involved in patients with a considerable spread of the primary tumor (T3-T4) growing through all the layers of the intestine wall (P4) disposed superior to the pelvic peritoneum. The metastatic spreading into the ovaries was most frequently observed in women in the postmenopausal period. The data obtained suggest the implantation to be the most probable way of the involvement of the ovaries. PMID- 7233718 TI - [Transverse ilioperineal drainage after simultaneous operations on the rectum]. AB - The work analyzes the first twelve observations of a through ilioperineal drainage after simultaneous abdomino-perineal extirpation and abdomino-anal resection of the rectum. The authors present convincing data concerning high efficiency of the proposed method of drainage. It has a number of advantages over other methods: it markedly accelerates the healing of the postoperative wound, preventing postoperative complications (suppurations, retroperitoneal phlegmons etc). PMID- 7233719 TI - [Treatment of acute, experimental intestinal obstruction]. AB - The effect of antienzyme drug hordox in the complex with antioxidant tocopherol acetate (vitamin E) upon the duration of life in rats with experimental strangulating ileus was studied. Animals given this drug were found to survive approximately 27 hours longer than those of the control group. PMID- 7233720 TI - [Clinical pathophysiology and intensive therapy of diffuse peritonitis]. AB - The work describes the results of an investigation of pathophysiological shifts and methods for their correction used in 204 patients with diffuse peritonitis. It is concerned with problems of diagnosis and therapy of protein, water electrolyte disorders, acute respiratory insufficiency, "shock lung". Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of cephalosporins injected intravenously and intra-orally were studied. With antibiotics used as an indicator, the disturbances of processes of mixing and shunting the blood were revealed. The authors believe that patients with diffuse peritonitis should be subjected to intensive therapy under conditions of a reanimation department during 5-12 days. PMID- 7233721 TI - [Drug and cold infusion of the liver in the combination treatment of acute diffuse peritonitis]. AB - The intraportal injection of pharmacological drugs and cold infusion of the liver used in 186 patients with acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs complicated by diffuse peritonitis, and in 30 animals with experimental peritonitis, showed a pronounced medical effect. It was observed by a more active improvement of the patients, abatement of clinical manifestations of inflammation, intoxication, hepatargy and normalization of functional indices of the liver. PMID- 7233722 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute occlusions of the aortoiliac segment]. AB - The article analyzes the experience of treatment of 90 patients with acute disorders in the blood flow of the aortoiliac zone. Operations aimed at the recovery of the blood flow were performed in 86 patients. It was found that the operations for the extracavitary subclavian-femoral or cross femoral-femoral shunting proved to be a perspective method in patients with the increased operative risk. PMID- 7233723 TI - [Modified muscle flap nephropexy in nephroptosis (experimental and clinical studies]. AB - The proposed method consists in the creation of decapsulated anterior surface of the kidney up to the level of the upper third with the following suturing of the muscular graft taken from m. psoas major to the margins of the fibrous capsule. The method was also tested in experiment (20 dogs). The kidney was found to be fixed to the graft more rapidly and firmly when using the method proposed by the authors. In the clinic this method was used in 105 operations. The remote results (6 months-7 years) revealed only one patient with recidivation. PMID- 7233724 TI - [Surgical treatment in a severe degree of obesity by ileo-jejunal bypass]. AB - The article presents the material on the surgical treatment of 35 patients with non-corrected obesity by the operation of jejuno-shunting. The results were followed up for three years. In the nearest postoperative period 2 patients died, the other 33 patients had good results. The body mass diminished, the working capacity of the patients recovered. They believe the special importance of careful selection of patients for the operation. They believe the surgery to be possible but for strict indications and specialized hospitals. After the operations the patients need a continuous follow-up observation. PMID- 7233725 TI - [Pulmonary blood flow in tetralogy of Fallot based on radioisotope scanning data]. AB - The perfusion scanning of lungs in 26 patients with Fallot's tetrad has shown disease to be accompanied in most cases by the disturbed distribution of the pulmonary blood flow. The authors have shown that its manifestations are either a unilateral deficiency of perfusion throughout one of the lungs or regional defects of perfusion restricted by part of the lung. Scanning of the lungs by I13 albumin microaggregate proved to be useful in the assessment of the degree of the intracardiac output of the venous blood into the arterial blood flow. PMID- 7233726 TI - [Circular resection of the left main bronchus with inferior lobectomy]. PMID- 7233727 TI - [Biliary-bronchial fistula after rupture of the liver]. PMID- 7233728 TI - [Calculous cyst of the common bile duct]. PMID- 7233729 TI - [Leiomyoma of Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 7233730 TI - [Appendiceal cyst simulating a retroperitoneal tumor]. PMID- 7233731 TI - [Treatment of burn shock with crystalloid solutions]. AB - The authors describe their experience of the treatment of burn shock in 124 patients with the square surface of the thermal injury about 20-49% of the body surface with the help of crystalloid solutions. The investigation of a number of parameters of hemodynamics, hemoconcentration, metabolism showed that patients with the Frank index 20-60 could be helped out of burn shock not only without blood and its albuminous preparations but also without infusions of dextran drugs. Transfusions of blood and its albuminous preparations are shown to be necessary in the nearest postshock period in patients with the Frank index 30-60. It is emphasized that the volume of intravenous infusions should be reduced in cases of associated lesions of the skin and the respiratory tracts. PMID- 7233732 TI - [Restorative treatment in fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus]. AB - The treatment of 234 patients with fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus was analyzed. The conservative treatment was used in 181 of them, 53 patients were treated surgically. Satisfactory and good results were equally observed after both conservative and surgical treatment (92,5% and 96,9% respectively). However, bad results were obtained following the conservative treatment more often (in 9 of 181 patients). The surgical treatment gave bad results in 1 of 53 patients. PMID- 7233733 TI - [Tendon alloplasty in hand deformities after burns]. AB - The author's experience shows that in a number of patients with deformities of the hand following burns alloplasty can provide a considerable improvement, and even sometimes a complete recovery of functions including damages of nerve trunks, with disturbed innervation of muscles and sensitivity of the hand. He believes that the alloplasty should be performed under the restored normal skin and be often combined with other restorative-reconstructive surgery. PMID- 7233734 TI - [Biochemical liver function indices in the sclerosing therapy of hemangiomas in infants]. PMID- 7233735 TI - [Early osteoperforation in treating acute hematogenic osteomyelitis in children]. PMID- 7233736 TI - [Strangulation of the uterus and adnexa in inguinal hernia in girls]. PMID- 7233737 TI - [Functional operability in lung diseases complicated by pronounced ventilatory failure]. AB - The analysis of surgical treatment of 134 patients has revealed a direct dependence of the results of treatment on the degree of the ventilatory insufficiency determined by the ventilation index (VI). The limit of the functional operability was determined on the basis of VI. It was shown that the estimation of the patient's state should be performed following a special preoperative preparation. PMID- 7233738 TI - [Total-body rheography in surgical diseases of the chest organs]. AB - The method of integral rheography of the body allows to make quantitative and qualitative assessments of the cardiac activity, blood circulation level, systemic arterial tone, the degree of strain of the ventilatory function, volume of the extracellular fluid and some other parameters characteristic of the patient's state as a whole on the basis of a one-channel registration. The method of integral rheography of the body may be taken as a basis for the development of effective systems of the operative medical control of the state of critical patients and those operated upon as well as systems of mass examinations of the population. PMID- 7233739 TI - [Controlled hemodilution and hypotension in combined measures for the prevention of surgical blood loss in orthopedic patients]. PMID- 7233740 TI - [Anesthesia during fiber bronchoscopy]. AB - A comparative assessment was made between different kinds of anesthesia used with diagnostic purposes in fibroscopy such as anesthesia with fluothane--nitrous oxide, anesthesia with trilene, the sombrevin--seduxen intravenous anesthesia and local anesthesia. Observations were performed in 127 patients. The authors consider local anesthesia to be the method of choice in diagnostic fibrobronchoscopy. In cases when the local anesthesia can not be used it is expedient to employ the intravenous sombrevin--seduxen anesthesia. PMID- 7233741 TI - [Prolonged peridural anesthesia in the surgical treatment of female genital tumors]. PMID- 7233742 TI - [Treatment and prevention of postoperative suppurative complications]. PMID- 7233743 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in recurrent extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 7233744 TI - [Anaphylactic shock in antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 7233745 TI - [Posterior approach to the bronchial arteries]. PMID- 7233746 TI - [Dynamics of the cellular and humoral immunity indices before and after closed commissurotomy]. AB - The state of the cellular and humoral immunity was studied in patients with acquired valvular disease of rheumatic etiology who were subjected to closed commissurotomy. It was established that the patients whose postoperative course was complicated by a suppuration of the wound had low levels of T-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins in their peripheral blood in the postoperative period. A dramatic elevation of the content of immunoglobulins of all classes on the 7th day of the postoperative period is considered to be the evidence of the development of an infectious process. PMID- 7233747 TI - [Therapeutic procedure in Tietze's syndrome]. PMID- 7233748 TI - [Status and developmental prospects of modern surgery]. PMID- 7233749 TI - [Organizational problems in the prevention of peritonitis]. PMID- 7233750 TI - [Time periods of suture incompetence in anastomoses of the intra-abdominal organs]. AB - The terms of incompetence of sutures of the sutured wound of the caval organs (anastomosis) were subjected to a careful retrospective analysis. In all the patients the diagnosis of failure of the sutures was confirmed in relaparotomy or in autopsy. It was established that the first signs of incompetence of sutures of intestinal anastomoses or a wound of the caval organs made their appearance within the first two days almost in two thirds of cases (118 patients) while within 3 postoperative days they developed in almost 90% of cases. The data obtained may be used for early diagnosis of incompetence of sutures of anastomoses of caval organs of the abdominal cavity. PMID- 7233751 TI - [Acute abdomen in mental patients]. PMID- 7233752 TI - [Surgical treatment of liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7233753 TI - [Motoricity of the stomach stump resected for peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7233754 TI - [Cancer of the colon complicated by intestinal obstruction and an inflammatory process]. PMID- 7233755 TI - [Treatment of acute horseshoe-shaped paraproctitis]. AB - Radical operations are considered to be expedient in the treatment of acute shoe shaped periproctitis. On the one side the necrotic tissues are dissected together with the primary purulent passage. On the other side the purulent cavity is opened by a semilunar incision. Operations were made in 19 patients with acute shoe-shaped periproctitis. The function of the anal sphincter was preserved. PMID- 7233756 TI - [Diagnosis of occlusive lesions of the proximal portion of the subclavian artery]. PMID- 7233757 TI - [Achylia gastrica as a late complication of the isolated ventriculus operation in monkeys]. PMID- 7233758 TI - [Changes in lipid metabolic indices in acute pancreatitis and cholecystopancreatitis]. PMID- 7233759 TI - [Degenerating leiomyoma of Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 7233760 TI - [Hemodynamic changes in the victims of severe mechanical trauma]. PMID- 7233761 TI - [Surgical treatment of injury to the palmar digital nerves]. PMID- 7233762 TI - [Combined wound of the heart, vena cava superior, superior right pulmonary vein and right lung]. PMID- 7233763 TI - [Treatment of closed pancreatic injuries in children]. PMID- 7233764 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of septic pericarditis in children]. PMID- 7233765 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of tracheal compression stenosis in childhood]. AB - Four stages of compression of the trachea were identified on the basis of the treatment of 18 patients. The regularity of the appearance of secondary and immediate signs was established. A phasic pattern of the development of stenosis was found to be characteristic of the acquired pathology, while congenital stenosis was characterized by a gradual growth of secondary changes in the broncho-pulmonary system. The principles of diagnosing the disease are described. PMID- 7233766 TI - [Vascular anastomoses in children with the extrahepatic form of portal hypertension]. AB - The authors have studied 22 patients with functioning vascular shunts (splenorenal--9, cavamesenterial--13) performed for extrahepatic portal hypertension in remote terms after operation (to 10.5 years). The vascular anastomosis in children was shown not to promote the development of considerable disturbances in functions of the liver and brain. It gives the authors a reason to recommend various vascular anastomoses in the treatment of children with the extrahepatic form of portal hypertension. PMID- 7233767 TI - [Current trends and problems in surgery for Hirschsprung's disease in children]. AB - The authors discuss the results of 211 operations for Hirschsprung's disease with special reference to the optimal terms for surgery, questions of medical policy and remote results. The remote results were studied in 102 patients. Excellent results were obtained in 63% of cases, good--in 28% and in 9% the results were satisfactory. The authors make special accent on residual functional disorders and necessary rehabilitation measures till full recovery of the patient. PMID- 7233768 TI - The estrous cycle and selected functional and pathologic ovarian abnormalities in the mare. PMID- 7233769 TI - Equine bacterial endometritis. Diagnosis, interpretation, and treatment. PMID- 7233770 TI - Artificial breeding of horses. PMID- 7233771 TI - Factors associated with the maternal recognition of pregnancy in mares. PMID- 7233772 TI - Induction of parturition. PMID- 7233773 TI - Characteristics of postpartum reproduction in mares. PMID- 7233774 TI - Anthelmintic activity of oxfendazole in pigs. AB - Eighty-five pigs were artificially infected with Hyostrongylus rubidus, Oesophagostomum species and Ascaris suum. On days 2, 10, 20 or 51 after infection groups of six were treated with oxfendazole premix in food at various dose rates. Subsequently the pigs were slaughtered for comparative worm counts to be made in treated and control animals. The efficacy of treatment against hyostrongylus worms of increasing age was 68, 57, 99.8 and 100 per cent after a 3 mg per kg dose, 75, 75, 99.8 and 100 per cent after a 4.5 mg per kg dose and 81, 83, 99.8 and 100 per cent after a 6 mg per kg dose. In the case of Oesophagostomum species the corresponding figures were 78, 100, 100 and 100 per cent efficacy after a 3 mg dose, 93, 100, 100 and 100 per cent after a 4.5 mg per kg dose and 91, 99, 100 and 100 per cent after a 6 mg per kg dose. Ascaris infestation established too poorly for significant results to be obtained. It is concluded that a dose rate of 4.5 mg oxfendazole per kg body-weight should give practical control of Hyostrongylus and Oesophagostomum species in pigs. PMID- 7233776 TI - What limits for lay staff? PMID- 7233775 TI - Seasonal and age-related changes in semen quality and testicular morphology of bulls in a tropical environment. AB - The spermiogram of 10 mature bulls, ranging in age between three and 10 years and comprising five indigenous (Bos indicus) and five exotic (Bos taurus) bulls, was studied for 12 months. There were no significant seasonal variations in sperm cell concentration, percentage live sperm cells and sperm cell abnormalities in the indigenous bulls but the exotic breed showed significant seasonal fluctuations with higher sperm cell abnormalities, lower percentage live-sperm cells and lower sperm cell concentration during the hot periods. In both groups the sperm cell concentration was significantly higher in the relatively younger, mature bulls (three to seven years) than in the older bulls (seven-and-a-half to 10 years) Histological study of the testes of 240 indigenous bulls over the same period showed that percentage spermatogenesis was lower in the older than in the younger bulls. This lower sperm output was associated with degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules. It is suggested that thermal stress in the tropics has significant adverse effects on spermatogenesis only in bulls of non indigenous breeds. Senile testicular degeneration could be a significant factor in the low reproductive performance of the local bulls. PMID- 7233777 TI - Antibiotic residues in milk. PMID- 7233778 TI - A fat mobilisation syndrome in dairy cows in early lactation. AB - High yielding dairy cows undergo a period of energy deficit in early lactation and mobilise body reserves for milk production. In this period a high proportion of cows develop moderate or severe fatty liver. Fat is deposited in other tissues at the same time, particularly skeletal muscle. The relationship between measurements of fat mobilisation and fat deposition in liver and muscle has been investigated in a group of 19 cows in the post calving period. Cows with higher levels of indices of mobilisation, namely plasma free fatty acid and D(--) -3- hydroxybutyrate concentration and subcutaneous adipose tissue loss, had higher indices of fat deposition in liver and skeletal muscle. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that fatty liver was part of a more general fat mobilisation syndrome which was not specific to any one organ or tissue. PMID- 7233779 TI - Problems of anaesthesia in laboratory animals. PMID- 7233780 TI - Feral cats: notes for veterinary surgeons. Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. AB - Feral cats are usually difficult to handle. In order to neuter or treat them they should be trapped and immobilised by injection of an agent such as ketamine. This is easier to do if the cat is in a squeeze-back container. Once immobilised, clinical examination, general anaesthesia or euthanasia are straightforward. If the cat is to be ovariohysterectomised, absorbable suture materials and long acting antibiotics should be used so that recapture will be unnecessary. In colony control schemes all cats left on site should be neutered, marked for identification, vaccinated against feline infectious enteritis with a single dose live vaccine and wormed regularly. PMID- 7233781 TI - Anthelmintic tests on Toxocara canis infection in mice. AB - One hundred and forty mice were infected orally with 1000 embryonated Toxocara canis eggs. Groups of 10 mice were then treated with high doses of piperazine, mebendazole, oxfendazole, albendazole, fenbendazole and diethylcarbamazine for four days, either immediately after infection or three weeks after infection. The mice were killed three to six weeks after treatment and the number of larvae in the brains and muscles estimated and compared with those in untreated mice. Few larvae were recovered from the muscles of any of the mice, including the untreated controls, despite the use of a variety of recognised techniques. Large numbers of live larvae were recovered from the brains of the mice and there was no significant difference between the treated and untreated mice. PMID- 7233782 TI - Distribution of ureaplasmas in various laboratory animals. PMID- 7233783 TI - Concurrent parvovirus and distemper virus infections in a dog. PMID- 7233784 TI - Feline retinal atrophy. PMID- 7233785 TI - The future of small animal practice. PMID- 7233786 TI - Use of anthelmintics in cattle. PMID- 7233787 TI - Monensin-tiamulin interaction. PMID- 7233788 TI - An outbreak of bovine mastitis associated with Mycoplasma canadense. PMID- 7233789 TI - Effect of parity and season of farrowing on the subsequent farrowing interval of sows. PMID- 7233790 TI - Tail-biting in pigs: a sex frequency between boars and gilts. PMID- 7233791 TI - Comparison of two methods of capture of wild animals. PMID- 7233792 TI - Bovine infertility. PMID- 7233793 TI - Microfilaraemia in dogs. PMID- 7233794 TI - Transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs. PMID- 7233795 TI - [Functional state of the small intestine in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7233796 TI - [Endoscopic x-ray study of the duodenum and afferent segment of the jejunum after a Billroth II gastric resection and gastrectomy]. PMID- 7233797 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of postoperative adhesive small intestine obstruction]. PMID- 7233798 TI - [Early endoscopic x-ray diagnosis of colonic cancer developing from polyps and villous tumors]. PMID- 7233799 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of cancer against a background of diffuse polyposis of the large intestine]. PMID- 7233800 TI - [Intravenous cholecystocholangiography using protein-bound bilignost]. PMID- 7233801 TI - [Effect of aminazine on the dynamics of gallbladder filling during cholegraphy (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7233802 TI - [Celiacography in the diagnosis and treatment of destructive forms of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7233803 TI - [X-ray anatomy of the spleen based on intravital angiographic data]. PMID- 7233804 TI - [Pathologically mobile kidneys]. PMID- 7233805 TI - [Patient radiation loads in abdominal angiographic studies]. PMID- 7233806 TI - [X-ray anatomical comparisons in studying the intact breast]. PMID- 7233807 TI - [Means of increasing the information content of mammography on general-use x-ray apparatus]. PMID- 7233808 TI - [Attachments facilitating the x-ray study of the large intestine]. PMID- 7233809 TI - [Case of sclerosing gastritis]. PMID- 7233810 TI - [Case of duplication of the pylorus]. PMID- 7233811 TI - [Case of cholelithic obstruction of the small intestine]. PMID- 7233812 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of marble disease]. PMID- 7233813 TI - [X-ray study of the microrelief of the gastric mucosa under artificial hypotension in chronic gastritis]. PMID- 7233814 TI - [Essence of scientific and technical achievements and the nature of the effect of veterinary medical research]. AB - An attempt is made at elucidating the essence of veterinary scientific and technological achievements and the character of the effect of their implementation. On the basis of a structural analysis veterinary scientific investigations are grouped as: theoretical-fundamental, scientific-applicative and scientific-technological elaborations. Starting out from the character of the effect that is achieved through their application, the scientific works, as well as the scientific and technological achievements in the field of veterinary medicine, are categorized as follows: cognitive (New knowledge), technical and technological (medico-biological), socio-sanitary, economic and those having a mixed effect (cognitive- medico-biological, medico-biological-socio-sanitary, socio-sanitary and economic, etc. The identification of the various types of effects requires the elaboration of respective criteria, as well as a system of indexes for their characterization, a qualitative and a quantitative determination, as necessary conditions for determining the effectiveness of research veterinary works and that of research technological achievement. PMID- 7233815 TI - [Economic effect on the milk yield in cows after trimming and treating their hooves]. AB - Experiments were carried out in production conditions on 200 highly productive cows during the lactation period for determining the percentage of hoof illnesses during cow-shed raising, as well as the influence of clipping of hooves and their treatment on milk production. In the case of restricted movement and a long period of not clipping the hooves, the so-called 'shed hooves' were proved with 55.5% of the cows, out of which 18% suffered from an illness. The cases without any visible clinical symptoms for illnesses of the hooves were the cause of a progressive reduction in monthly milk production, ranging, on the average, for a single cow from 3.7 up to 5.3 1 a day. Hoof-clipping brought about the increase of the quantity of daily milk production for a single cow on the average, within the limits 1.5-2.1. In the case of hoof illnesses the daily milk production respectively decreases and reaches 5.4 1 for a single cow. The adequate operative and medicinal treatment despite the gravity of the illness, even during the period of treatment, leads to an increase in daily milk production from 1.50 up to 1.64 1 for a single cow. PMID- 7233816 TI - [Etiopathogenesis and prevention of encephalomalacia in chickens]. AB - Studies were carried out on the dissemination of encephalomalation with chickens. The quality of the feeding-mixes, meant for the different categories of fowls, was also studied with regard to the contents of vitamins, fats, aldehyde and peroxide number and antioxidizers. The contents of vitamin E was also determined, as well as its biological activity in a biological material. The prophylactic effect of different vitamin preparations was tested in combination with other means of prophylaxis of broilers against encephalomalation. It was proved that the increase of aldehydes and peroxides in feeding-mixes could lead to the appearance of encephalomalation with chickens. The quantity of santokvin--200 g/t of fodder enabled the good conservation and preservation of the biological activity of vitamin E. The index 'biological activity' is a more appropriate criterium for a supply of chickens with vitamin E, rather than its quantitative contents in biological substrates. On the basis of the experiments made, a disgram is offered about the prophylaxis of encephalomalation with chickens. PMID- 7233817 TI - [2 new tests for diagnosing traumatic reticuloperitonitis in cattle]. AB - Two new samples for diagnosing a strange-body illness in cattle were proved. Along with the use of other means for diagnosing a strange body, the elaborated new samples provide a greater precision for determining the size and position of the strange body. A description of the structure of the apparatus is given, as well as the manipulation with it in and out of the animal's body. Ferroscopy and rontgenography will help the specialist to prove the strange-body illness in cattle and thereby the means known so far for diagnosing the traumatic reticuloperitonitis become more complete. These two methods combined together could have a large practical application. PMID- 7233818 TI - [Agglutinability of cell cultures infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV)]. AB - A study was carried out on the re-distribution of cell receptors with regard to Concavalin A, depending on two factors: the virulence of the strain the different time of the infection. It was proved that the difference in the virulence of the strains, with the use of a low multitude in the early hours after the infection, was not determined though agglutination with Koh A. The changes on the surface of the cells infected with the virus of Newcastle disease (NDV) occurred in the early hours after the infection and before the appearance of a cytopathic effect. PMID- 7233819 TI - [Effect of Black Sea algae on the development of chickens]. PMID- 7233820 TI - [Drug resistance of Salmonella strains isolated from poultry]. AB - A study was carried out to investigate the sensitivity of 326 salmonella strains with regard to the antibiotics: penicillin, oxacillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol and furazolidone. A tendency towards an increase of the salmonella strains resistant to tetracycline was observed. Such a tendency was not found with chloramphenicol, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, carbenicillin and furazolidone. An idea is endorsed, namely, that an increased use of large-spectre antibiotics for prophylaxis ends and treatment in poultry raising has not brought about the development of a sufficient medicinal resistance with salmonellas. Medicinal preparations are recommended for keeping down the salmonelloses with poultry--namely, a mixture of chloramphenicol and furazolidone. It is pointed out that on the basis of these studies a good effect is to be expected also of the implementation of gentamicin, kanamycin and carbenicillin. PMID- 7233821 TI - [Trial of the therapeutic action of ultrashort waves in combination with chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics in chronic endometritis in cows]. AB - Ninety cows affected with Endometritis catarrhalis et purulenta chronica, were divided into three groups consisting of thirty cows each and were equalized according to the method of analyses, were treated for experimental purposes following three diagrams. First diagram (30 cows). On the first, third, fifth, seventh and ninth days trivitaminol with antibiotic (according to antibioticogram) was inserted through the uterus in a dose of 50 cm3, as well as 20 cm3 of Borgal intramuscularly. Second diagram. Thirty cows were treated only with ultrashort waves. The radiation treatment lasted 10 days and the duration of seances was respectively increased. Third diagram. Another group of thirty cows were treated in a combination of antibiotics, chemotherapeutic preparations and ultra-short waves. As a test, on the basis of which the general status of cows was traced out before and after the treatment, were taken the indices of total protein and protein fractions and the bactericidal activity of the serum, the phagocytic activity of leucocytes, the presence of "C" reactive protein in the serum and the total number of leucocytes and bacteria in the uterine secretion. It was established that the combined medicinal therapy of chronic endometritis in cows, under the effect of ultra-short waves, led to an increased effectiveness of the treatment. The multilateral effect of ultra-short waves reinforced the therapeutic activity of antibiotics and sulphonamides used during the treatment of endometritis. Treatment duration was cut down and fecundity increased. PMID- 7233822 TI - [Changes in the alkaline phosphatase activity and properties of the blood serum in sheep with experimental liver disease]. AB - An acute liver injury was provoked in 13 sheep by using tetrachlormethane. The study traced out the changes in the activity and properties of alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum. It was proved that the total activity of the enzyme increased from an average of 60.7 +/- 7.8 UI to an average of 104.3 +/- 14.8 UI on the 72d hour of the experiment, and then it decreased. In the first 24 48 hours after the treatment with tetrachlormethane the inhibition of the enzyme increased by the use of 1-homoarginine (on an average from 60.0 to 65.6%), whereas the use of 1-phenylalanine put down inhibition (on an average from 36.9 to 31.3%). In the next days the inhibition decreased due to 1-homoarginine (up to an average of 48.5%) and increased due to 1-phenylalanine. It was proved that in the initial phase of the poisoning in the blood serum of sheep the contents of the liver isoenzyme of the alkaline phosphatase increased, whereas in the second phase it was the contents of the liver isoenzyme of the latter that increased. PMID- 7233823 TI - [Effect of population density on the raising of broiler chickens]. AB - Experiments were carried out to study the influence of density in industrial broiler-raising. They took place during different seasons of the year and with a different density of habitation (12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 pieces on m2) and through an optimization of technological indices in broiler-raising. The dynamism of microclimatic indices was traced out (temperature, humidity, gas composition, dust and microbe contamination of air in the buildings having a different density of habitation. Hematological and biochemical studies were carried out concerning total protein, protein fractions, contents of hemoglobin and number of erythrocytes, as well as the contents of alkaline reserves of blood. The experiments were also devoted to the growth and development, the consumption of fodder for a single unit of production, the morbidity rate and the death rate with chickens raised in different density. It was proved that the density of habitation exerts an influence over microclimatic indices. If the density is greater the contents of ammonia in the buildings is by 1.5 times over the zoohygienic requirements. Under the influence of the density of habitation certain changes occurred concerning the hematological and biochemical indices of blood. A correlation was observed between the density of habitation and the development of some diseases. Certain changes occurred also in the growth and in the development of broilers. By virtue of the results obtained, suggestions are put forward to optimize the density of habitation in industrial broiler-raising. PMID- 7233824 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase activity and properties of the blood serum and organs of hens]. AB - Investigations were carried out with homogenates from the organs of hens (liver, duodenum, pancreas, spleen, kidney, glandular and muscular stomach, ovary resp. testicle, periosteum,) as well as serums in which the general activity of the alkaline phosphatase was determined and parallel to this after an inhibition in the presence of 10 mM 1-phenylalanine or different concentrations (0.25--4 M) or urea, as well as with values of pH ranging from 9.0 up to 11.0, after a preincubation of urea for 10, 20 and 30 min with 3 M/l of after heating up to 56 degrees C for 10, 20 and 30 min. An electrophoresis of an agar gel was also carried out. Some stereospecific peculiarities of the alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes of the organs studied was found with regard to the inhibitors used. The selective inhibition, as well as the electrophoretic division of enzymes, did not produce any considerable differences, which can be used for practical ends. PMID- 7233825 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies of luteozyman]. PMID- 7233826 TI - [Devitalization of salmonellal bacteria in boiled and smoked sausages]. AB - Laboratory and production experiments were carried for devitalizing bouillon cultures of 7 serological types of salmonella. The laboratory experiments (73) were made in water bath, the bouillon cultures being heated following the thermic curve for the production of boiled-fumigated sausages. The production experiments (11) were carried out on sausages having a diameter of: 30-40 mm, 50-60mm and 80 100 mm. The density of bacterial cells in the bouillon and in the meat mass was 2 42.10(6)/cm3. It was proved that in vitro the critical temperature for the devitalization of salmonellas was 62 degrees C (S. enteritidis, S. agona, S. typhimurium, S. oranienburg, S. choleraesnis, S. anatum, S. lexington). During the production experiments on the sausage 'in the Macedonian fashion', the 'Kamchia' sausage (o50-60 mm) and the 'Rousse' sausage, the salmonellas tested (S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, S. oranienburg, S. choleraesnis ans S. dublin) showed a critical devitalization temperature of 64 degrees C. It was proved that the devitalization of salmonellas depended on the critical temperature reached and was not influenced by the type of salmonella, the diameter and the structure of the sausages. For the isolation of salmonella bacteria from thermically treated meat products a preliminary enrichment in peptone water is necessary during 18-20 hours and a second sowing on hard and in liquid selective food media. PMID- 7233827 TI - [Chemical and physicochemical properties of the H antigen (flagellin) isolated from Salmonella abortus ovis]. AB - Some chemical and physiochemical properties of H-antigen, obtained through immunoabsorption, were studied. By applying the method of Davis, during a disc electrophoresis in a polyacrylic amide gel, it was proved that the molecule of flagellin is homogenous and is built up of only one polypeptic chain. On the other hand, by applying Weber's and Osborn's method, it was proved that flagellin is a protein having a molecular weight of about 53000 daltons. It showed its isoelectric point at pH 5.2, proved through Heil's and Zillig's method on strips of acetate cellulose (cellogel). The investigated aminoacidic composition showed the presence of 15 aminoacids wtih an approximative succession and a relative quantity of the separate aminoacids common to the flagellins of the different representatives of the genus Salmonella. No presence of cysteine, tryptophan, methionine and sigma-N-methylated lysin, were proved. PMID- 7233828 TI - Complete sequence analysis shows that the hemagglutinins of the H0 and H2 subtypes of human influenza virus are closely related. PMID- 7233829 TI - Attenuation of virulence of a bunyavirus involving an L RNA defect and isolation of LAC/SSH/LAC and LAC/SSH/SSH reassortants. PMID- 7233830 TI - Migration of influenza virus-specific polypeptides from cytoplasm to nucleus of infected cells. PMID- 7233831 TI - Reovirus: evidence for a second step in the intracellular uncoating and transcriptase activation process. PMID- 7233832 TI - Biogenesis of vaccinia: carbohydrate of the hemagglutinin molecules. PMID- 7233834 TI - Basic data on spirometry in adults 25-74 years of age: United States, 1971-75. PMID- 7233833 TI - National Survey of Family Growth, Cycle II: sample design, estimation procedures, and variance estimation. PMID- 7233835 TI - Employees in nursing homes in the United States. 1977 National Nursing Home Survey. PMID- 7233836 TI - [Philosophical bases of the theory of clinical diagnosis]. PMID- 7233837 TI - [Organization of medical support for detached subunits of a military construction team]. PMID- 7233838 TI - [Stages in the development of the young teacher]. PMID- 7233839 TI - [Choice of time in surgical treatment of patients with leg injuries]. PMID- 7233840 TI - [Hazards of peritoneal dialysis in diffuse peritonitis]. PMID- 7233841 TI - [Disorders of external respiration in organophosphorous poisoning]. PMID- 7233842 TI - [Importance of determining histamine and the histaminopexic index in bronchial asthma during imuran therapy]. PMID- 7233843 TI - [Prophylactic effectiveness of an inactivated formol influenza vaccine]. PMID- 7233844 TI - [Effect of Eleutherococcus on body functions and the work capacity of sailors on a cruise]. PMID- 7233845 TI - [Clinical aspects of a combined craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 7233846 TI - [Surgical treatment of nasal liquorrhea]. PMID- 7233847 TI - [Orbital and intracranial complications of sinusitis]. PMID- 7233848 TI - [Myocardial contractile function of the left and right ventricles in acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7233849 TI - [Neurological disorders in acute pneumonia in young subjects]. PMID- 7233850 TI - [Methodological characteristics of the military science activities of the company physician]. PMID- 7233851 TI - [Closed nasal injuries]. PMID- 7233852 TI - [Portable calculator for determining the frequency and severity of shock in bone fractures]. PMID- 7233853 TI - [Tasks of balneology and physiotherapy in the 11th Five-Year Plan in relation to the decisions of the 26th Congress of the CPSU]. PMID- 7233854 TI - [Experience in using different types of medical meteorological forecasts]. PMID- 7233855 TI - [Determination of the oxygen content in the atmosphere based on meteorological parameters (pressure, temperature, humidity) for the purpose of predicting the hypoxic effect of the atmosphere]. PMID- 7233856 TI - [Role of the localization of exposure to decimeter waves on the course of regeneration processes (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7233857 TI - [Effect of the carbonate bath temperature on body intake and distribution of carbonic acid (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7233858 TI - [Effect of sodium chloride baths at varying temperatures on blood rheological properties and on the peripheral blood flow in IIa-stage hypertension]. PMID- 7233859 TI - [Health resort resources and the health resort-sanatorium network of western Siberia]. PMID- 7233860 TI - [Effect of papaverine and nicotinic acid electrophoresis by sinusoidal currents and diadynamic currents on biochemical and hemodynamic indices in cervical osteochondrosis in neurological syndromes]. PMID- 7233861 TI - [Basis for introducing into the classification of therapeutic mineral waters the correct name of the balneological group of sulfide waters according to the chemical nature of their therapeutic factor]. PMID- 7233862 TI - [Effect of mud on the mitotic regimen of the corneal epithelium (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7233863 TI - [Relationship of cyclonic activity in southern Kamchatka to solar activity]. PMID- 7233864 TI - [Differentiated approach to the use of physical factors in the combination treatment of children with acute hematogenic osteomyelitis of the long tubular bones]. PMID- 7233865 TI - [Characteristics of postural-autonomic regulation in aging]. PMID- 7233866 TI - [Role of physiotherapy in lowering temporary work incapacity among women with chronic adnexitis]. PMID- 7233867 TI - [Device for irrigating the gums]. PMID- 7233868 TI - [Use of medical gymnastics after spinal operations by employing a bedstead gymnastic partition]. PMID- 7233869 TI - [Multi-diagnosis of pigmented skin neoplasms]. AB - A complex examination by radio-isotope (32P) and thermographic methods was carried out in 252 patients, 122 patients underwent surgery. The complex diagnostic study established the following three groups: test-positive, test negative and test-suspected patients. Application of the complex (radioisotope and thermographic) examination technique provides a more adequate visualization of tumor process and, therefore, a better opportunity for selection of correct treatment. The application of the thermographic method is recommended for screening for subjects at high risk of malignant disease of the skin. PMID- 7233870 TI - [Therapeutic results in lymphogranulomatosis and their relationship to immunological reactivity]. AB - The efficacy of two treatment modalities of Hodgkin's disease stages I-IV (1) local irradiation of COPP chemotherapy with protracted low-dosage cyclophosphamide administration, or (2) all-round irradiation of lymphatic vessels or the same COPP treatment combined with shock doses of cyclophosphamide is evaluated. Duration of the first remission and survival time were followed in 45 patients in 1969-1978. During remission, some patients received a non-specific immunotherapy (BCG vaccination). The cumulative index of the first remission appeared to increase from 19 to 72% (radiation therapy) and from 14 to 68% (chemotherapy) within 3 years in the case of the second modality. The survival time of patients did not differ significantly in both study groups. Remission was longer in patients who had received BCG vaccination. PMID- 7233871 TI - [Dynamics of the immunological indices in lymphogranulomatosis following splenectomy and radiation therapy]. AB - The dynamics of immune indices in 38 patients with Hodgkin's disease, following splenectomy and radiation therapy is discussed. The early stage of the disease is found to involve changes in immune response which become more pronounced in the course of generalization of tumor process and development of intoxication symptoms. Correlations between the frequency of spleen and lymph nodes lesions below the diaphragm, histological pattern of tumor and decline in immunological vigor are shown. Also, indications for splenectomy are discussed. PMID- 7233872 TI - [Morphological criteria of melanoma regression and their use for the quantitative assessment of radiation damage]. PMID- 7233873 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the gastric mucosa in subacute local irradiation of the lumbar-aortic region in lymphogranulomatosis]. AB - A decrease in acid secretion by gastric mucosa was registered 10-14 days after irradiation of the lumbal area in six patients with lymphogranulomatosis who were examined before irradiation, 10-14 days and 3-3.5 months after irradiation. Acid production indices came back to normal 3-3.5 months after irradiation. No changes were revealed in gastric mucosa by morphological examination either before or after irradiation. It is suggested that the decrease in acid secretion is due to functional changes in the stomach in response to irradiation. PMID- 7233874 TI - [Use of adriablastin in the combination chemotherapy of disseminated breast cancer]. AB - A course of combination chemotherapy using adriamycin was given to 68 patients suffering from disseminated breast tumor. Objective and symptomatic improvement was registered in 53 cases. Out of 45 patients with bone metastases, a distinct clinical effect was observed in 41 cases. Out of 10 bed-confined cases, seven became self-dependent. Mean remission in the cases of bone metastases was 6.4 months. PMID- 7233875 TI - [Resistance to the inhibiting action of dexamethasone and the risk of postoperative complications in colonic and rectal cancer]. AB - Dexamethasone-induced decrease in 11-hydroxycorticosteroid level was studied in 55 patients with primary tumors of the colon and rectum several days before operation. All lethal outcomes and most postoperative complications were registered in cases resistant to dexamethasone. The elevated threshold of hypothalamic sensitivity to inhibition by glucocorticoids is considered to be due to the influence of age, tumor process and long-term emotional stress during preoperative period, all these factors affecting the adaptive potential. PMID- 7233876 TI - [Cell proliferation parameters in human rectal tumors and their transformation during fractionated irradiation]. AB - Human rectal adenocarcinoma is characterized by considerable variation in labelling index for different tumors as well as different areas within the same tumor. Therefore, the averaged indices of tumor cell proliferative activity do not mirror the actual heterogeneity of tumor. Conventional schedules of fractionated irradiation resulted in a decreased labelling index and varying response in most cases under study. Following large-dosage fractionated irradiation, labelling index remained unchanged or showed a slight decrease. The rate of DNA synthesis is practically unaffected by the available schedules of fractionated irradiation. PMID- 7233877 TI - [Quantitative criteria of radiation pathomorphosis in focal irradiation of rectal cancer]. AB - One study group consisting of 22 patients received 4-5 focal doses of 6 Gy every other day (total dose--24-30 Gy, 1,400-1,600 NSD). There was a 15-20 day interval between radiation therapy commencement and surgery. Another 12 patients received 4 daily doses of 5 Gy (total dose--20 Gy, 1,140 NSD) and were operated on 24-48 hrs after irradiation. The oncolytic index was 36% plus or minus 4.8 in study group 1 and 21% plus or minus 4.4--in group 2 (P less than 0.05). Mitotic index in group 1 fell from 6.7 to 3.1%, while in group 2--to zero. PMID- 7233878 TI - [Morphology and morphogenesis of rectal cancer]. AB - A review of the literature data and examination of 947 patients with rectal tumors point to the following factors of morphogenesis of rectal cancer: (a) polyps and polyposis--in approximately 10% of cases, (b) nonspecific ulcerative colitis and ulcerative lesions of mucosa--1-2% of cases, and (c) in 85% of cases, the genesis of rectal tumors was not clear. In the latter group, precancerous changes in rectal mucosa could not be identified. PMID- 7233879 TI - [Stability of nitrosodimethylamine under ultraviolet light]. PMID- 7233880 TI - [Thermographic diagnosis of skin melanomas]. PMID- 7233881 TI - [Late results of combination treatment of breast cancer]. AB - A study of the end results of complex treatment of 483 breast cancer patients showed that 5- and 10 year survival is much more frequent in cases of localized non-metastatic tumor than in those of metastases in regional lymph nodes. The end results of therapy of advanced breast cancer depend to a great extent on the method of treatment. A comparison of the methods of complex therapy showed that 5 years results of treatment of advanced breast cancer involving regional lymph node metastases may be improved, if chemotherapy is part of the treatment. PMID- 7233883 TI - Which are the parameters to be controlled in platelet concentrates in order that they may be offered to the medical profession as a standardized product with specific properties? PMID- 7233882 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of radical surgical treatment in stomach cancer]. AB - Out of 430 patients radically operated on for stomach carcinoma, 130 survived 5 years and longer (30.2 plus or minus 2.2%). Apart from the accepted parameters of survival measurement, the criterion of "quality of survival" was introduced in the assessment. Out of 124 followed-up patients, local relapses and metastases appeared in 17 cases (13.7 plus or minus 3.1%) 3-7 years after surgery. Recurrences were significantly more frequent in males (P less than 0.01). In cases of recurrence (metastases) the survival time ranged 6-30 months (average- 12 months). PMID- 7233884 TI - Lack of conformity in the behaviour of platelets during normal storage conditions at 22 degrees C. AB - Platelets prepared from citrate-phosphate-dextrose blood under normal routine conditions and concentrated to 1,000-1,600 x 10(9) x 1(-1) varied considerably in their capacity to acidify the medium. Serotonin uptake was well maintained for 5 days provided that adenosine 5'-triphosphate was within 50% of normal and pH was above 6.0. A strong release of platelet factor 4 was occasionally seen in relation to preparation. In some preparations the platelet factor 4 was well maintained for 5 days, in others a sudden or gradual release was seen during storage. The investigation indicates that differences in the quality of routinely prepared platelets occur during preparation and storage which are insufficiently well explained and controlled. PMID- 7233886 TI - Red-cell enzyme activities and properties of mutant pyruvate kinase after 1-year storage in a -80 degrees C freezer. AB - Red cells from 5 healthy adults and an unstable mutant pyruvate kinase (PK), PK Maebashi, were stored for 12 months in a -80 degrees C freezer. With an exception of triosephosphate isomerase and phosphoglycerate kinase activities, normal red cell enzyme activities remained essentially unchanged. Mutant PK was characterized by the methods recommended by the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH). Normal control and PK Maebashi remained essentially unchanged in their characteristics after storage in a -80 degrees C freezer for 12 months. These results indicate that the red cells stored over a long term in a -80 degrees C freezer can be used for the study of unstable mutant PK. PMID- 7233885 TI - Anti-nomifensine antibody causing immune hemolytic anemia and renal failure. AB - An anti-Nomifensine antibody was identified in a patient with immune hemolysis and renal failure who was under Nomifensine therapy. The anti-drug specificity of the antibody was confirmed by inhibition assays using Sepharose gel-Nomifensine conjugates. Preliminary screening tests for anti-Nomifensine antibody in a population of 104 patients treated by the drug showed no further example of such immunization. PMID- 7233887 TI - Follow-up studies of healthy blood donors. Anti-HBs antibody carriers. AB - 10 healthy blood donors persistently seropositive for anti-HBs and without a history of clinically overt viral hepatitis were observed for periods of time ranging from 46 to 57 months. Physical examinations and biochemical liver function tests were normal in all cases. Immunologic studies of their immune response to hepatitis B virus antigens are suggestive for a late period of convalescence from clinically inapparent hepatitis B. PMID- 7233888 TI - Significance of antibody to hepatitis Be antigen (anti-HBe) in HBsAg-negative individuals. AB - A study was initiated to assess the significance of antibody to hepatitis Be antigen (anti-HBe) in HBsAg-negative individuals. Anti-HBe was demonstrated in the majority of sera positive for anti-HBs and anti-HBc. All sera positive for anti-HBs and negative for anti-HBc and most sera positive for anti-HBc but negative for anti-HBs were anti-HBe-negative. This implies that the antibody response to HBeAg is of shorter duration than that to HBsAg and HBcAg. Anti-HBe may help to discriminate between various states of hepatitis B virus infection found to be associated with anti-HBc-positive but HBsAg- and anti-HBs-negative sera. 2 individuals were anti-HBe-positive but HBsAg-, anti-HBs- and anti-HBc negative, this finding is not understood. PMID- 7233889 TI - Development of diagnostic cytology at the University of the West Indies, Jamaica. PMID- 7233890 TI - Hypoglycemia and accidental hypothermia in an alcoholic population. AB - Hypoglycemia is but one of a number of causes of hypothermia, but is important to keep in mind as a possible precipitating or concurrent event even in those cases in which there are other obvious explanations for decreased body temperature (exposure, alcoholism, starvation, sepsis or hypothyroidism). Hypoglycemia may occur in as many as 40 percent of very cold patients, and be clinically unrecognized because symptoms are masked by the hypothermia itself. Although serum glucose levels are depressed, a cold-induced renal tubular glycosuria may occur. Glucose in the urine, therefore, cannot be used as assurance of hyperglycemia in a hypothermic patient. And, although cold protects against serious end organ damage from hypoglycemia by decreasing tissue metabolic need for glucose, a serum specimen should be drawn for glucose determination in all hypothermic patients and a 50 percent glucose solution immediately given intravenously. If this is not done, serum glucose levels may plummet as the patient is rewarmed and begins to shiver. PMID- 7233891 TI - Intraspinal tumors in children. AB - Thirty cases of intraspinal neoplasms occurring during the first two decades of life are reviewed. Histologic examination showed 13 of these to be astrocytomas, 6 neuroblastomas, 5 sarcomas, 3 ependymomas, 2 neurofibromas and 1 a schwannoma. Orthopedic deformities developed or worsened in 60 percent of patients surviving longer than a year after diagnosis. In five patients some form of endocrine deficiency developed after irradiation. For treatment of radiosensitive extradural malignant lesions, biopsy followed by irradiation is advocated. PMID- 7233893 TI - Hypertension and cerebral hemorrhage: a malpractice controversy. Efficacy of drug therapy, epidemiology, neurological aspects and pathology. AB - The plaintiff alleged that failure of the attending physician to manage her husband's hypertension properly resulted in his death from intracerebral hemorrhage. Four lines of evidence supported the defendant: (1) In 1970 to 1971 there was uncertainty in the medical community whether mild hypertension should be treated with drugs; this uncertainty still existed at the time of the trial. (2) Severe hypertension and advanced age are the two most important predisposing factors leading to intracerebral hemorrhage; the deceased patient had neither. (3) Hemorrhage into the cerebral cortex and underlying white matter is not typical of hypertensive intracerebral bleeding; more likely, rupture of an arteriovenous malformation occurred. (4) A diagnosis of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage is not one of exclusion but requires objective evidence of vascular change in the brain, heart and kidney; these changes were not found in the deceased patient. In conclusion, an expert witness should testify objectively rather than be the advocate of a lawyer's theory of liability. PMID- 7233894 TI - Prophylaxis of endocarditis during surgical and dental procedures. PMID- 7233895 TI - Clostridium difficile: a new enteric pathogen. PMID- 7233892 TI - Antimicrobial agent-associated colitis and diarrhea. AB - Although antimicrobial agent-associated colitis has been recognized as a clinicopathologic entity for years, the cause of this disease has been determined only recently. Virtually all cases of pseudomembranous colitis and some cases of antimicrobial agent-associated nonspecific colitis or diarrhea have been shown to be caused by a toxin of Clostridium difficile. Methods for cultivating C difficile from feces and for detecting the toxin have been developed. Oral administration of vancomycin has proved to be effective for the treatment of C difficile-induced colitis, although isolated instances of relapse after treatment have been documented.The discovery of C difficile as a human intestinal pathogen has provided an explanation for some, but not all cases of antimicrobial agent associated diarrhea. The epidemiology, pathogenesis and means of prevention of C difficile toxin-induced diarrhea remain to be determined. PMID- 7233896 TI - Growth and maturation arrest, hypochromic anemia and hyperglobulinemia associated with a brain tumor. PMID- 7233898 TI - Holistic medicine: reactivation of an old aspiration. PMID- 7233899 TI - Holistic medicine and unscientific cults. PMID- 7233897 TI - Furosemide and ethacrynic acid in acute tubular necrosis. PMID- 7233900 TI - Clinical manifestations of synovial cysts. AB - Although synovial cysts are most commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, they may occur in many other conditions. The clinical manifestations of these cysts are numerous and may result from pressure, dissection or acute rupture. Vascular phenomena occur when popliteal cysts compress vessels, and result in venous stasis with subsequent lower extremity edema or thrombophlebitis. Rarely, popliteal cysts may cause arterial compromise with intermittent claudication. Neurological sequelae include pain, paresthesia, sensory loss, and muscle weakness or atrophy. When synovial cysts occur as mass lesions they may mimic popliteal aneurysms or hematomas, adenopathy, tumors or even inguinal hernias. Cutaneous joint fistulas, septic arthritis or osteomyelitis, and spinal cord and bladder compression are examples of other infrequent complications. Awareness of the heterogeneous manifestations of synovial cysts may enable clinicians to avoid unnecessary diagnostic studies and delay in appropriate management. Arthrography remains the definitive diagnostic procedure of choice, although ultrasound testing may be useful. PMID- 7233901 TI - [On the question of lead poisoning after injury by small shot (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of a report on a particular case the risk of lead poisoning after injury by small shots is discussed. The probability of lead poisoning is very small, when the small shots have been fired at long range or when they are placed in the connective tissue or the muscle tissue, in which case mostly a fibrous encapsulation takes place. The danger of lead poisoning is much greater when the small shots have been fired at close range, especially when a big amount of them bursts at the bone or is placed in the bone marrow where lead can better be absorbed. PMID- 7233902 TI - [Transcutaneous measurement of the central venous pressure (author's transl)]. AB - The intrathoracic pressure rises when exhaling into a manometer to such an extent that finally the venous flow of blood to the right heart stops. It is supposed that this venous stop flow pressure (VSFP) is equal to the central venous pressure. In a clinical trial by two independent examiners in 97% of the cases a correlation within a range of 5 cm H2O was found (70 measurements). Thus the central venous pressure can be measured noninvasively with an ultrasound device. PMID- 7233903 TI - [Possibilities and value of laboratory examinations in acute poisonings]. PMID- 7233904 TI - [Avascular hypernephroid carcinoma of the kidney (author's transl)]. AB - The problems of diagnosis and treatment of avascular malignant tumour of the kidney are discussed on the basis of 5 cases. Attention is drawn to the importance of arteriography and to the need for operative exposure. In view of the possibility of false diagnosis during operation examination by means of immediate histological examination is recommended. Puncture is considered to be obsolete because of the danger of tumour cell dissemination. PMID- 7233905 TI - [Symptoms of hallucinogen and opiate use and withdrawal syndrome]. PMID- 7233906 TI - [Psychological and sociological theory of neurosis]. PMID- 7233907 TI - [Effect of ear-acupuncture on the LH-concentration in serum in patients with secondary amenorrhea (author's transl)]. AB - In 13 patients at an age of 17 to 26 years with intermittent or secondary amenorrhea an attempt was made to stimulate the pituitary gland by ear acupuncture. The objective parameter for the comparison was the concentration of the luteinizing hormone (LH) in the serum during acupuncture and the LH-RH releasing test. 6 of these patients were subjected to a so-called "placebo acupuncture" to perform a blind-test. The results showed, that ear-acupuncture caused a significant decrease of the LH-concentration in the serum. The clinical results showing a positive effect of ear-acupuncture in the mentioned types of amenorrhea could therefore be explained as a rebound phenomenon. PMID- 7233908 TI - [Steroid treatment of adolescent gynecomastia with danazol (author's transl)]. AB - Report on the successful treatment of pubertal gynecomastia with the synthetic steroid preparation Danazol. In 15 male adolescents, 11 to 18 years old, Danazol in an average dose of 8 to 10 mg/kg/day, administered orally over 2 to 3 months, achieved a very good or good reduction of breast tissue. 4 patients showed a palpable but insufficient regression. Side-effects of the treatment were rare and clinically negligible. The mechanism of the hormonal action of the gonadotropin inhibiting steroid Danazol in gynecomastia cannot be explained by the hormone findings available so far. PMID- 7233909 TI - [Bowel cleansing before irrigoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - The cleansing effect of Cascara and Salax on the colon was investigated as preparatory to barium enemas. The method showed very good results with very less side-effects. PMID- 7233910 TI - Drug problems in the sociocultural context: a basis of policies and programme planning. PMID- 7233911 TI - Pyogenic liver abscess. PMID- 7233912 TI - Radiolabeled autologous leukocyte scanning in abscess detection. PMID- 7233913 TI - Clinical comparison of antibiotic combinations in the treatment of peritonitis and related mixed aerobic-anaerobic surgical sepsis. PMID- 7233914 TI - The proper use of local antimicrobial agents in wounds. PMID- 7233915 TI - Predicting surgical infection before the operation. PMID- 7233916 TI - Gastric ulcer treated with ulcerectomy, vagotomy, and drainage. PMID- 7233917 TI - Long-term effects of bile on the gastric mucosa of the dog. PMID- 7233918 TI - Treatment of benign strictures of the bile ducts. PMID- 7233919 TI - Analysis of 607 cases of choledochal sphincterotomy. PMID- 7233921 TI - Progress in treatment of aortic aneurysm. PMID- 7233920 TI - Prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis in Sweden: results of a survey. PMID- 7233922 TI - Progress in transfusion therapy and treatment of bleeding problems in aortic aneurysm surgery. PMID- 7233923 TI - Progress in treatment of ascending aortic aneurysms due to dissection, arteriosclerosis, or cystic medial degeneration. PMID- 7233924 TI - Progress in treatment of aneurysms of the aortic arch. PMID- 7233925 TI - Treatment of acute and chronic traumatic rupture of the descending thoracic aorta. PMID- 7233926 TI - Current status of medical therapy of acute dissecting aneurysms of the aorta. PMID- 7233928 TI - Surgery of the trachea. PMID- 7233927 TI - Realistic expectations of surgical treatment of aortic dissections: the Stanford experience. PMID- 7233929 TI - Gallstone ileus: an analysis of 20 patients. PMID- 7233931 TI - Breast cancer in the male: a report of 138 cases. PMID- 7233930 TI - Experimental studies of ischemic enterocolitis. PMID- 7233933 TI - Thoracoabdominal and abdominal aortic aneurysms involving celiac, superior mesenteric, and renal arteries. PMID- 7233932 TI - Long-term results of subtotal gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7233934 TI - Progress in treatment of aortic aneurysm. Part 2. PMID- 7233935 TI - Progress in the treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. PMID- 7233937 TI - Anesthesia and monitoring for aortic aneurysm surgery. PMID- 7233936 TI - Management of graft infections following abdominal aortic aneurysm replacement. PMID- 7233938 TI - Diaphanography: a method for evaluation of the female breast. PMID- 7233939 TI - Surgical prevention of pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7233940 TI - Gastric bypass combined with reversal of intestinal bypass for morbid obesity. PMID- 7233941 TI - Jejunal interposition for reflux esophagitis and esophageal stricture unresponsive to valvuloplasty. PMID- 7233942 TI - The potential impact of needle biopsy on surgery for thyroid nodules. PMID- 7233945 TI - Progress in the treatment of thyroid cancer-introduction. PMID- 7233944 TI - Excretion of clindamycin in bile in common duct obstruction. PMID- 7233946 TI - Progress in the treatment of thyroid cancer. PMID- 7233943 TI - Prediction of in vivo function of human parathyroid tissue autografts by in vitro testing. PMID- 7233947 TI - Results of surgical treatment of early gastric cancer in 113 patients. PMID- 7233948 TI - Comparison of extended deep femoral angioplasty and femoropopliteal bypass graft in severe ischemia of the leg. PMID- 7233949 TI - Idiopathic perforation of the sigmoid colon in Japan. PMID- 7233950 TI - Cancer of the thyroid in youth. PMID- 7233951 TI - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. PMID- 7233952 TI - Surgery of thyroid cancer. PMID- 7233953 TI - Primary lymphoma of the thyroid: A review of the Mayo Clinic experience through 1978. PMID- 7233956 TI - Aspiration biopsy cytology in diagnosis of thyroid cancer. PMID- 7233955 TI - Methods of investigation in the diagnosis and management of thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7233954 TI - TSH suppression in the management of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. PMID- 7233957 TI - External radiotherapy and radionuclide in the treatment of thyroid cancer. PMID- 7233958 TI - Original scientific reports. Results of operative treatment of 615 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7233959 TI - The localization of parathyroid tissue by ultrasound scanning prior to surgery in patients with hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7233960 TI - Analysis of 242 cases of gastric carcinoma. PMID- 7233961 TI - Impaired physician update-1981. PMID- 7233963 TI - The clinical laboratory improvement acts. A perspective of the process politic. Part I of a two-part series. PMID- 7233962 TI - Senior physicians. Relegated to obscurity? No! PMID- 7233964 TI - The tremor syndrome: is it Parkinson's disease? PMID- 7233965 TI - Supraclavicular central venous catheterization: technique and experience in 250 cases. PMID- 7233966 TI - Neonatal polycythemia and the hyperviscosity syndrome. PMID- 7233967 TI - Anabolic steroids. Part 2: the disposition of ethylestrenol in the rat. AB - 1. The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of [3H]ethylestrenol were studied in the rat. 2. Approximately one third of an intragastric dose was absorbed; 17% of the dose was excreted in urine and 83% in faeces within 10 days. 3. The dose is distributed throughout the rat, and kidney and liver were found to contain respectively 2.5-3 and 5-7 times the average specific activity of all other tissues. 4. Unchanged ethylestrenol was the only component detected in urine. Ethylestrenol was also found in faeces, along with two different dihydroxylated dihydro derivatives and one trihydroxylated dihydro derivative. PMID- 7233968 TI - Anabolic steroids. Part 3: metabolism of ethylestrenol in rat liver preparations in vitro. AB - 1. Ethylestrenol incubated with a post-mitochondrial supernatant fraction of rat liver plus co-factors gives norethandrolone as the major metabolite. 2. A second (minor) metabolite was tentatively identified as 17 alpha-ethyl-5 epsilon-estrane 3 epsilon,17 beta-diol. 3. A pathway is suggested for the metabolism of ethylestrenol in the rat. PMID- 7233969 TI - Tissue and species differences in enzymes of epoxide metabolism. AB - 1. Glutathione transferase and epoxide hydratase activities were determined in liver, lung and kidney of nine species including man with [7-3H]styrene oxide as substrate. 2. Activity was detectable in all tissues. The activities of both enzymes were higher in the liver of all species than in either kidney or lung. 3. The baboon had the highest hepatic epoxide hydratase activity, 31 +/- 2 nmol/mg per min, while the mouse had the lowest hepatic activity, 1.9 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg per min. 4. Rodent species had higher glutathione transferase activity than non rodent species, mouse liver having the highest activity, 143 +/- 13 nmol conjugate/mg per min. 5. Taking all the data into account, it is concluded that no single species of those studied is a suitable model for the disposition of epoxides in man. PMID- 7233970 TI - Identification of new urinary metabolites in man of quinine using methane chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - 1. Six new metabolites of quinine have been identified in urine of man by methane chemical ionization g.l.c.--mass spectrometry. 2. Metabolites identified were: unchanged quinine and dihydroquinine, 3-hydroxyquinine, 3-hydroxydihydroquinine, 6'-hydroxycinchonidine, 6'-hydroxydihydrocinchonidine, quinine-10,11-epoxide and quinine-10,11-dihydrodiol. 3. 10-Chloro-11-hydroxydihydroquinine was identified as an artifact of the isolation procedure. 4. Chloroquine and desethylchloroquine (artifacts) were identified in the urine, 17 days after completion of a 48 h treatment with chloroquine. PMID- 7233972 TI - [Dunbar syndrome in the differential diagnosis of abdominal symptoms]. PMID- 7233973 TI - [Phlebology from a gynecological viewpoint]. PMID- 7233971 TI - Biotransformation of tolmesoxide in animals and man. AB - 1. The excretion and metabolism of tolmesoxide ((4,5-dimethoxy-2-methylphenyl) methylsulphoxide) has been studied in rat, dog and man. In all species, absorption of oral doses of [14C]tolmesoxide was virtually complete and 78--99% of the 14C was excreted in the urine. 2. In bile-duct cannulated rats, excretion in bile and urine was 49% and 53% dose respectively. Metabolites of tolmesoxide in bile undergo enterohepatic circulation with final elimination by the kidneys. 3. Quantification and identification of metabolites in urine (0-24 h) were obtained by two-dimensional t.l.c. Tolmesoxide was extensively metabolized in all animal species. 4. The major routes of metabolism in rat, dog and man were oxidation to sulphones and O-demethylation followed by sulphate or glucuronide conjugation. Little or none of the urinary 14C was present as sulphide derivatives. PMID- 7233974 TI - [Varicocele and fertility - critical analysis of therapeutic results]. PMID- 7233975 TI - [Error analysis of medical documentation using as an example the evaluation of medical record signature forms. Part 1]. PMID- 7233976 TI - [Tasks and possibilities of professional training for medical students in the East Germany]. PMID- 7233977 TI - [Value of local anesthesia methods in modern anesthesiology]. PMID- 7233979 TI - [Problems and experiences concerning the ability to drive from the viewpoint of neurology and traffic medicine]. PMID- 7233978 TI - [Postpartum mother-child relations - modified rooming-in model in the obstetrical ward of the district hospital]. PMID- 7233980 TI - [Possibilities of curtailed release from work for diseases with short-term prognosis, particularly colds]. PMID- 7233982 TI - [Diagnostic aspects of aneurysms of the cerebral vessels]. PMID- 7233983 TI - [Cardiovascular load capacity and its test for different body weights]. PMID- 7233981 TI - [Psychoreactive disorders in children relating to the divorce of their parents]. PMID- 7233984 TI - [Goiter surgery in a district hospital]. PMID- 7233985 TI - [Celiac disease in childhood. I. History, frequency, pathogenesis]. PMID- 7233986 TI - [Shock lung--pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7233987 TI - [Body tumors of the thorax]. PMID- 7233988 TI - ["Only" appendicitis?]. PMID- 7233989 TI - [Secondary chondrosarcoma with metastasis to an autogenic transplant]. PMID- 7233990 TI - [Management of internal medicine patients in a polyclinic]. PMID- 7233991 TI - [Supply and storage of drugs in urban households in the district of Sternberg]. PMID- 7233992 TI - [Disability in gynecologic diseases]. PMID- 7233993 TI - [Formation of humoral antibodies using different vaccination modes with an influenza virus adsorbate vaccine]. PMID- 7233996 TI - [Cognitive anxiety theory in the area of sports (state-trait anxiety)]. PMID- 7233995 TI - [The effect of traffic noise on various metal activities]. PMID- 7233994 TI - [Determination of trace elements in serum (Fe, Cu, Zn) and urine (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) as well as carrier proteins in hormonal contraception]. PMID- 7233997 TI - [Sample and time invariance of test characteristic values in a symptom list]. PMID- 7233998 TI - [Psychophysiologic effects of noise and occupation in the home situation]. PMID- 7233999 TI - [The influence of television of the EKG of myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 7234000 TI - [Further improvement in prevention in occupational medicine in our socialist industry]. PMID- 7234001 TI - [Changes in the chromosome number of permanent cell line FL after 180 passages]. PMID- 7234002 TI - [Immunization against measles in the GDR and current results of the program to combat measles]. PMID- 7234003 TI - [Immunity after measles vaccination]. PMID- 7234004 TI - [Tests of the effectiveness of different rabies vaccines]. PMID- 7234005 TI - [Tetanus immunoprophylaxis--findings of the last years and changes in the immunization approach]. PMID- 7234006 TI - [Results of the spontaneous rosette test after intracutaneous immunization with tetanus toxoid fluid vaccine]. PMID- 7234007 TI - [Changes in serum LDH in guinea pigs after administration of DPT vaccine]. PMID- 7234008 TI - [Further tests of the GDR reference preparation 0173 for human immunoglobulins G, A and M]. PMID- 7234009 TI - [Information/documentation at the State Institute for Control of Sera and Vaccines]. PMID- 7234011 TI - [Culture media for sterility testing. Comparison of the regulations of the pharmacopoeia of the GDR with other pharmacopoeias]. PMID- 7234012 TI - [The use of Flibol-Naled 50 against the German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.)]. PMID- 7234010 TI - [Comparative serological tests for detecting influenza antibodies]. PMID- 7234013 TI - [Methodological aspects of cooperation between social hygiene and specialized clinical fields]. PMID- 7234014 TI - [Program of the dietetic society of the GDR to promote wholesome nutrition of the population of the GDR]. PMID- 7234015 TI - [Effect of medical scientific and technological development on the functional and structural organization of a hospital]. PMID- 7234016 TI - [Special features of rehabilitation of senior citizens]. PMID- 7234017 TI - The effect of portocaval shunt on bile flow and maximal biliary excretion of bromsulfophthalein sodium (BSP) in rats with thioacetamide induced liver cirrhosis. AB - Thioacetamide (TAA) causes experimental liver cirrhosis in rats. TAA was administered (50 mg per kg body weight i.p. daily) to sham-operated and shunted rats for eight weeks. Then in pentobarbital anesthesia, bile flow and the maximal biliary excretion (Tm) of BSP were measured using constant infusion technique. Compared to the controls, BSP Tm values decreased significantly in cirrhotic rats. The change results from the lower concentration of dye. In cirrhotic animals the liver cannot excrete the dye per net fluid volume as efficiently, as in the controls. In animals having portocaval shunts and liver cirrhosis, a further decrease of dye excretion can be observed, indicating that the operation has some influence on the canalicular excretion of certain organic anions. PMID- 7234018 TI - [Hepatic coma - experimental study with swine (part 1)]. AB - An acute coma hepaticum was produced in 8 pigs by means of one intraperitoneal dose of thioacetamide. Distinct changes in the behaviour of the animals, changes of the biochemical parameters inclusively the enzyme pattern with a typical lesion pattern of the liver parenchyma and a displacement of the plasma amino acids were shown. All pathological changes in comparison with the normal animal characterize the liver insufficiency after 24 hours as a comatose state. This acute toxic model serves as the base for investigations within the physiology of nutrition about parenteral feeding of L-amino acid mixtures in coma hepaticum. The nearly exclusive hepatotropic lesion degree of thioacetamide is suitable as an experimental model for this purpose. PMID- 7234019 TI - Surgical pathophysiology of the lymphatic system. AB - The cannulation of lymph vessels by means of polyethylene Clay-Adams P 60 tube were through out in legs of 25 normal men. The lymph quantity, the contents of immunoglobulin and complement as well as cells and the pressure were measured. Rhythmic contractions of lymph vessels may be a major determinant of lymph flow. The pressure ranged between 20 and 50 mmHg. Leg lymph flow and protein concentration undergo major 24 hr variation dependent on the position of the body and the type of activity. At night lymph flow while in the rest is low. A continuous decrease in lymph protein concentration observed while in the upright position may be explained by the wash-out of proteins accumulated during periods in the horizontal position. The immune defence in the interstitial fluid and lymph of normal tissues seems to be weaker than in blood. Antibodies have definite biological properties. The contents of leucocyte and erythrocyte in human leg lymph is discussed. PMID- 7234020 TI - [Early gastric cancer, results in a county hospital (author's transl)]. AB - In a nine-year period, 46 patients with early gastric cancer were diagnosed and operated at a county hospital. Fiberscopy of the stomach raised the percentage of early gastric cancer from 1% in a five year pre-endoscopic period to 11.9% with endoscopy. On an average, subjects with early gastric cancer were 8 years younger than all cases with gastric carcinoma, those with the diffuse type according to Lauren significantly younger than those with the intestinal type, too. Postoperative mortality amounted to 6.5%; five more patients of 43 surviving the operation have died in the meanwhile. Besides synchronous and metachronous cancer in the resected stomach and other organs, late distant metastasis must be considered, too, in the follow-up of patients operated from early cancer of the stomach. These complications may endanger the five-years survival rate of 89% observed in the first series of our patients. PMID- 7234021 TI - [Multicentric early cancer of the stomach (author's transl)]. AB - In more than 16000 gastroscopies we found 65 (0.4%) cases of early cancer (e.c.), that is an amount of 12.3% of the total diagnosed cancers of the stomach. In 8 patients we found two or three sites of involvement in the stomach (12.3%). The control reading of 53 gastrocamerafilms with e.c. shows, that 20% of suspicious areas have been missed by using the routine interpretation and gastroscopy. It is proposed, that before each stomach surgery for e.c., the upper gastric region be investigated carefully for missed second lesions. This is rather difficult with prograde optic gastroscops. The instrument of choice for that purpose is the gastrocamera. PMID- 7234022 TI - [Damage to the epithelium of the pancreatic duct following pancreatography (author's transl)]. AB - Following pancreatography with x-ray contrast-medium used for clinical ERP the epithelium of the pancreatic duct was examined histologically, under the scanning electron and under the transmission electron microscope in 15 cats. Immediately following pancreaticography severe edematous lesions of the epithelium are to be seen, e. g. loss of microvilli, acute apical edema of the cells, single-cell necrosis and erosive defects. 24 hours after pancreaticography some of the animals still manifest high-grade hydropic damage to the ductal epithelium, including rupture of the apical cell-membrane focal lysis of cytoplasm, irreversible mitochondrial lesions and initial degeneration of the nucleus. In the morphogenesis of such lesions in addition to the mechanical stressing of the pancreatic duct system and the physical and chemical properties of the contrast medium, in particular an eventual damage to the Papilla Vateri with consecutive lowering of the emptying of the ducts, play an important role. By administering secretin to accelerate the emptying of the duct system, damage to the ductal epithelium can largely be avoided by shortening the duration of contact of the contrast medium with the epithelium. PMID- 7234023 TI - [Light- and thermomeasurement in endoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - An optimal lighting is necessary in order to recognize alterations and smallest lesions during the endoscopy. It is not only a problem of the light power. The Celvin number of the light limits the recognition of the color. The resolution power will be reduced when the lighting is too high or too low. It would be desirable to have light generators which always produce the same lighting independent of the distance between the tip of the endoscope and the object. There is no danger for the patient because of the high temperatures in the light generators. PMID- 7234024 TI - [Tu felix Austria - endoscopic papillotomy in Austria]. PMID- 7234025 TI - [Reduced levels of free amino acids in plasma and muscle tissue of patients with acute hemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Levels of free amino acids were analysed in plasma and muscle tissue of nine patients with acute hemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis and compared with date from healthy volunteers. In the patient group the concentrations of threonine, serine, glutamine (p less than 0.001) and tyrosine (p less than 0.01) in plasma were found to be significantly lower than in the volunteers group, while increased plasma levels were found for 3-met-histidine (p less than 0.05). In muscle tissue the cytoplasmatic levels of glutamate, glutamine and histidine (p less than 0.001) and also of lysine, ornithine and arginine (p less than 0.,01) showed decreased concentrations. However tyrosine and phenylalanine had increased intracellular concentrations (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that (1) the patients in this study had a severely disturbed amino acid metabolism with extremely reduced levels of free glutamine in muscle tissue and (2) that the disturbed amino acid metabolism results from an acute catabolic situation of the patients, in which the reduced levels of free amino acids may indicate an impaired nutritional state. PMID- 7234026 TI - [Effect of calcitonin on the transmural gastric potential difference (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of calcitonin (salmon-calcitonin) on PD taken from the gastric juice was measured in 19 volunteers and compared with controls given saline solution (n = 14). The PD measurements in the gastric juice were done under fluoroscopic or under endoscopic control. After bolus injection of calcitonin (100 MRCU) a rapid and significant (p less than 0.05) increase in PD taken from the gastric juice was observed within 15 min. This increase remained almost unchanged for 2 hours. With the endoscopically directed electrode increases in PD could be also detected in the fundus, in the body of the stomach and in the antrum but not in the duodenum mucosa. In contrast to the increase in the antrum mucosa there was a more significant increase in PD in the fundus and in the body of the stomach. This difference could be discussed as a specific effect of calcitonin on the parietal cells. PMID- 7234027 TI - [Leukocyte-adherence-inhibition reactivity in patients with colorectal and pancreatic cancer (author's transl)]. AB - The immunoreactivity of patients with colorectal or pancreatic cancer was investigated by a modified leukocyte adherence inhibition test (LAI). The microcapillary-LAI-test was easy to practise and measurements had a low intra assay coefficient of variation. The number of false positive results was low, only 1 of 39 patients with benign disease and not one of 13 healthy volunteers reacted in the presence of colorectal carcinoma extracts. In 43 patients with colorectal cancer 17 of 25 (68%) with Dukes' B & C and 15 of 18 (83%) with Dukes' D cancer were LAI positive. Of the 19 patients with colon polyps 6 positive results were observed, exclusively in case of large villous adenomas, polyposis coli and one polyp with a focal carcinoma. 10 of 11 patients with pancreatic cancer reacted in the test. Leukocytes from patients with limited cancer of other source, when tested with colorectal or pancreatic carcinoma extracts, showed a negative LAI response. However, in case of metastatic diseases some crossreactions were observed, which resulted in false positive tests. Following our results, the LAI test could be of value in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal carcinoma. PMID- 7234028 TI - Kinetics of cholesterol gallstone dissolution by glycocheno-, glyco ursodeoxycholic acid, and mixtures of both in vitro. AB - Cheno- and ursodeoxycholic acid feeding are both efficient in conservative gallstone therapy. Urso decreases biliary cholesterol excretion even more than cheno. Glyco-urso becomes dose dependent the predominant bile acid conjugate in bile under urso feeding. We therefore studied the kinetics of cholesterol gallstone dissolution in aqueous solutions of 100 mM glyco-cheno, 100 mM glyco urso, and mixtures of both consisting of 40 mM glyco-urso plus 60 mM glyco-cheno and 80 mM glyco-urso plus 20 mM glyco-cheno in vitro. The daily dissolution rates of cholesterol achieved by these solutions were for 100 mM glyco-cheno 0.87 +/- 0.1 mg (mean +/- SEM), for 40 mM glyco-urso plus 60 mM glyco-cheno 0.28 +/- 0.003 mg, for 80 mM glyco-urso plus 20 mM glyco-cheno 0.07 +/- 0.002 mg, and for 100 mM glyco-urso 0.07 +/- 0.03 mg. Correspondingly were the weight decreases of the gallstones by 100 mM glyco-cheno 1.2 +/- 0.1 mg/day, by 40 mM glyco-urso plus 60 mM glyco-cheno 0.3 +/- 0.01 mg/day, by 80 mM glyco-urso plus 20 mM glyco-cheno 0.11 +/- 0.02 mg/day, and by 100 mM glyco-urso 0.1 +/- 0.02 mg/day. Complete gallstone dissolution occurred during the observation time of 4 months only by 100 mM glyco-cheno in 12.8 +/- 3.3 weeks. Thus glyco-urso dissolves only little cholesterol and decreases the speed of cholesterol gallstone dissolution. It is concluded that high doses of urso in gallstone therapy which lead to great amounts of glyco-urso in bile may diminish gallstone dissolution rates. PMID- 7234030 TI - [The influence of parathormone on blood flow of the hepatic artery after portocaval end to side shunt (author's transl)]. AB - Compensatory increase of hepatic artery blood flow follows protosystemic shunt surgery. Parathormone stimulates significantly blood circulation through the hepatic artery. This stimulating effect is used to test vasodilative capability of the hepatic artery prior to shunt surgery. We report our findings on a additional increase of the hepatic artery blood flow under Parathormone. A portal caval end-to-lateral shunt surgery caused an increase in blood flow 71 percent on an average compared to the basic value. After administration of Parathormone we observed an additional increase of 13,5 percent. This result indicates, that the hepatic artery will be dilated by Parathormone after a portocaval shunt too. PMID- 7234029 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with the skinny needle technique and external biliary drainage (author's transl)]. AB - In 50 consecutive percutaneous transhepatic cholangiographies (PTC) the biliary system was visualized in 45 cases (90%). The success rate was 97% in dilated and 69,2% in non dilated ducts. Complications occurred in 9 patients (18%), major complications in 2 of them (4%): 1 perforation of the gallbladder and 1 bile leak. In 5 patients with malignant stenoses external bile duct drainages were performed. The PTC is an ideal complement of the ERC in the diagnosis of cholestasis. But the risk is high. Therefore it has to be warned against an uncritical use without sufficient experience. PMID- 7234031 TI - [Retrospective evaluations on the importance of laparoscopy in the differentiation of acute oedematous and acute hemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis in the early stage of the disease (author's transl)]. AB - Of 32 patients with acute pancreatitis on whom laparoscopy was performed within 3 days after the pain symptoms started, the type of inflammation could be assessed in 31 cases. Technically, the intervention did not cause any problems. In one case the examination had to be stopped prematurely due to hypotension, in another case the pain reaction led to premature discontinuance of the examination; other complications did not occur. The present experiences with this morphological diagnostic method have proven to be particularly useful for the indication regarding surgical interventions; it is, therefore, justifiable to compare the value of this method with that of noninvasive morphological methods (ultrasonography, and computer tomography). PMID- 7234032 TI - [Endometriosis of the terminal ileum: differential diagnosis to the Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. AB - We report on the clinical course of a 30 year old female patient with endometriosis of the terminal ileum. The course was complicated by development of intestinal abscesses, entero-cutaneous and entero-vesical fistulas and stenosis of the terminalo ileum. A diagnosis of Morbus Crohn was made and was only corrected after the patient had to be operated upon because of mechanical obstruction of the terminal ileum. The problems of diagnosis and management are presented. PMID- 7234033 TI - [Circadian variation of intestinal sucrose and water absorption in rats (author's transl)]. AB - A rat jejunal segment of 15 cm length was perfused single pass with a 3 mmol/l sucrose solution 4 times daily at 8.00, 14.00, 20.00 and 2.00. One group of rats was fed ad libitum, a second group was "meal fed" between 14.00 and 18.00. Sucrose absorption reached its maximum at 8.00 in the rats fed ad libitum whereas it was spread over a period of six hours (20.00-2.00) in the meal fed rats. The activity of sucrase in mucosal scrapings reached its peak at feeding time. PMID- 7234034 TI - [The effect of normothermic and hypothermic gastric irrigation on blood flow of the canine stomach (author's transl)]. AB - A gastric irrigation by an open naso-gastric tube with ice-solutions is a standard procedure in the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In 6 dogs the effect of an increased intragastric pressure and of gastric cooling upon gastric blood flow was examined, using radioactive microspheres. Filling the stomach with saline solution of 38 degrees C to an intragastric pressure of 15 cm H2O reduces canine gastric blood flow from 21,3 +/- 4,4 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1 to 12,6 +/- 2,9 ml significantly. Probably as a consequence of compression only mucosal blood flow is lowered. Blood flow during local hypothermia (21 degrees C at the outer wall of the stomach) at the same intragastric pressure is 60% less than the control value at empty stomach and 33% less than the value at increased pressure without lowered temperature (p less than 0,01). Blood flow to the muscularis is now reduced too. This may be explained by vasoconstriction. However, local hypothermia causes the stomach wall bleeding time to increase three times (13), whereas irrigation by 38 degrees C fluid doesn't alter the coagulation of blood. An irrigation with high volumes of a fluid with body temperature, which lowers gastric blood flow without changing coagulation and with an open system, which allows the cleaning of the stomach, seems to be more valuable than local hypothermia by a ballon system. PMID- 7234035 TI - [Sugar-free diet: a new perspective in the treatment of Crohn disease?]. PMID- 7234037 TI - [Tuberculosis of the tongue (author's transl)]. AB - A rare form of lingual tuberculosis in an elderly man is described. It was manifested clinically as nodular infiltration, causing strong pain. The case was diagnosed histologically. Tuberculous bacilli were found. The patient did not react to tuberculin. An X-ray examination showed miliary tuberculous involvement of the lung with excavation. PMID- 7234036 TI - [A new dermato-surgical therapy for the Favre-Racouchot syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - A new dermato-surgical method for the treatment of the Favre-Racouchot syndrome is introduced. The cysts and comedones are excised in parallel stripes by means of a small electrically driven dermatome. Thus a number of cysts is only partly cut. These remaining lesions are completely repelled with the eschar. This dermatomy gives excellent cosmetic results and should be considered for the therapy of the syndrome. PMID- 7234038 TI - [Notes about cutis verticis gyrata (author's transl)]. AB - A case of so-called, "Pseudo"-Cutis verticis gyrata naevocellularis is described. The possible malignant degeneration of this disease, which can also be described as "cerebriform intradermal nevus" is discussed. In this context, a classification of the "Cutis verticis gyrata" is suggested. PMID- 7234040 TI - [Association of disseminated syringoma and mast cells clinically resembling urticaria pigmentosa (author's transl)]. AB - In a 37-year-old female with the clinical appearance of urticaria pigmentosa histologic examination revealed disseminated syringomata. By toluidine blue staining, a marked increase of tissue mast cells was demonstrated in the interstitial connective tissue, thus explaining the clinical appearance. PMID- 7234039 TI - [Formation and treatment of pathologic scars--clinical and micromorphologic investigations (author's transl)]. AB - The results of treatment with Calmurid and Calmurid-HC in patients with hypertrophic scars and keloids of various causes are reported. Histochemical and ultrastructural investigations were performed in individual cases before and after treatment. The following results were found: 1. In the context of keloid prophylaxis and scar care, application of Calmurid and Calmurid-HC has proved very effective. The results of treating hypertrophic scars with urea preparations are also to be evaluated optimistically. 2. The local treatment with Calmurid or Calmurid-HC generally does not have a substantial influence on cosmetically disturbing keloids. However, the skin becomes smoother, more elastic and more resistant under Calmurid or Calmurid-HC therapy; a reduction in the size of the keloid mass is observed only in individual cases. 3. In short, the results are consistent with those which can be obtained with other external preparations which are specially recommended for treatment of scars and keloids. Success of treatment is especially dependent on the age of the lesion. 4. Disturbances in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen metabolism as well as enzyme defects are the most significant factors in the pathogenesis of pathological scars. The histochemical and electron microscopic studies reveal (of course with the necessary caution in the interpretation) that Calmurid and Calmurid-HC show an effect on distribution of GAG and on the enzyme pattern of the fibroblasts. The preparations may possibly affect the disturbed processes of collagen and GAG synthesis. The reduction of the mast cells in keloids and hypertrophic scars under Calmurid treatment is noteworthy. PMID- 7234041 TI - [Paraproteinemic dermatitosis]. PMID- 7234042 TI - [Sublesional therapy by triamcinolone acetonide (author's transl)]. AB - The application of sublesional injections by using Triamcinolone Acetonide crystal suspension represents a method offering the possibility to achieve a maximum of effectiveness with relatively small doses. Selectively injected in the affected tissue or the immediate neighbourhood respectively the health structures can be preserved largely from undesirable side effects. In diseases chronically relapsing longer symptomless remissions can be reached than with conventional topical methods. PMID- 7234043 TI - [Classification of malignant melanomas of skin (author's transl)]. AB - Classification of 241 malignant melanomas was made by computer-aided analysis of 14 clinical and 17 histological variables accomplished by clinical diapositives and renewed histological sections. Marked type-related parameters concerned, among others, tumor location, sex and age of patient as well as histological variables of epidermal thickness and surface, intracorneal pigment, sort of melanocytic dysplasia, follicular involvement, dermal elastosis, increased peritumoral vascularity. Tumors demonstrating histologically combined features of SSM and LMM and also spindle celled verrucous melanomas had all to be classified as SSM. Adequate typification of malignant skin melanomas solely by histology provides representative sectioning guided by the histopathologist and then is possible in nearly every case. PMID- 7234044 TI - [Oral zinc therapy and sebaceous gland secretion (author's transl)]. AB - Fifteen male Syrian hamsters were treated for 10 days with 3 x 20 mg zinc sulfate (corresponding to 13,5 mg elementar Zn/d) by means of a stomach tube. Fifteen control animals remained untreated. After treatment the size of sebaceous glands was measured with th plate integration method and the mitotic rate was determined with the colchicine method in both treated and control animals. Zinc therapy significantly increases the size of the sebaceous glands, as well as the cell proliferation in the sebaceous glands. PMID- 7234045 TI - [Necrotizing fasciitis--a frequently mistaken disease (author's transl)]. AB - A case of Fasciitis necroticans on the leg is reported in a female patient, age 28. The disease began with symptoms of an erysipelas, but it was resistant to penicillin. Within a few days necrotic decay of circumscribed skin areas occurred and the adjacent skin was widely undermined by the necrotizing process. Beta hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus haemolyticus were isolated. However, the disease could not be managed by adequate antibiotic therapy. Finally, the process was brought under control by extended incisions and removal of the necrotic masses. Defects were covered by plastic surgery. PMID- 7234046 TI - [Ventricular arrhythmias and left ventricular function in coronary artery disease. A study by M-mode echocardiography and 24-hour Holter-monitoring (author's transl)]. AB - In 82 patients with coronary artery disease, most of them having had transmural myocardial infarction, left ventricular function was studied with M-mode echocardiography. Furthermore 24-hour Holter-monitoring was done to determine the maximal degree of ventricular premature contractions (VPC's) according to the classification of Lown. The degree of VPC's was then plotted against echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular function. Confronting the subgroup of patients with Lown grade 0--II with those of grades III and IV, for all parameters significant differences of the mean values could be demonstrated. Parameter "distance E-point of the anterior mitral leaflet--left ventricular septal wall" shows 84% sensitivity; fractional shortening gives 88% specificity. Combination of all four parameters shows 90% specificity, which makes M-mode echocardiography a valuable diagnostic method in identifying those patients with coronary artery disease and malignant arrhythmias who have an increased risk of sudden death. PMID- 7234047 TI - [Digoxin and sinus node function in the sick-sinus syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - In 12 patients with sinus node syndrome, the influence of Digoxin on the sinus node function was examined. After having determined the sinus-node recovery time (SNRT), the calculated sinuatrial conduction time (SACT), and the mean cycle length, 1.2 mg Digoxin were applied intravenously; 45 minutes later the above mentioned determinations were repeated. Before applying Digoxin, the mean value of the SNRT was 1665.8 +/- 1381.5 ms, after Digoxin it was 1372.1 +/- 546.1 ms; there was no statistical significance. In regard of the SACT the values were 95.9 +/- 38.6 ms before and 125.0 +/- 31.9 ms after Digoxin (p less than 0.05). The mean cycle length remained almost unchanged (841 +/- 113.2 ms before and 847 +/- 138.4 ms after Digoxin, no significance). Thus it is to be regarded as the clinical therapeutic consequence that in these patients the glycoside application in absence of syncopes or equivalents can be administered in most of the cases without previous pacemaker-implantation. In special cases, however, mainly if there are signs of greater disturbances of the sinus node function and of the SACT, electrophysical functional-analytic examination previous to the Digoxin long-term therapy should be performed. PMID- 7234048 TI - [Virological and morphological results in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. AB - In 30 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy, right ventricular biopsies were performed. The biopsy material was investigated by virological and morphological methods. In all cases it was impossible to isolate viruses from the right ventricular myocardium, corresponding to the lack of infiltrative changes as shown by morphology. Results point against a direct causative role of viruses in the genesis of congestive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7234049 TI - [Natural history of chronic aortic valve. Significance of hemodynamic findings (author's transl)]. AB - The natural history of chronic aortic valve disease is well known from non invasive data, but invasive data documenting the natural course of this disease are lacking. We studied hemodynamic data of 45 patients who had chronic aortic valve disease and were in functional class III or IV. All patients were candidates for prosthetic aortic valve replacement, but refused operation. These patients document the natural course of aortic valve disease. Invasive hemodynamic data were obtained by heart catheterization. Patients with aortic stenosis who died during the observation period had a transvalve gradient of 83 +/- 40 mm Hg, which was comparable to the gradient of survivors (70 +/- 16 mm Hg, p greater than 0.05), but left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, mean left atrial pressure and pulmonary artery pressure were higher indicating impaired left ventricular function. Patients with aortic stenosis who were repeatedly studied with heart catheterization (n = 7, average interval between studies 3.3 years) showed a significant increase of left ventricular filling pressure and of pulmonary arteriolar resistance and a fall of cardiac index. Patients with aortic insufficiency who died during the observation period had higher left ventricular filling pressures than survivors. Patients with aortic insufficiency who were repeatedly studied with heart catheterization (n = 5, average interval 2.9 years) showed no change of hemodynamic parameters. The latter group showed symptomatic deterioration although hemodynamics were unchanged. We conclude, in chronic aortic valve disease hemodynamic parameters regarding left ventricular function have prognostic implications. PMID- 7234050 TI - [In-vitro studies for the echocardiographic evaluation of abnormal movement of the Starr-Edwards disc prosthesis, in mitral position due to disruption of sutures (author's transl)]. AB - The movement of a Starr-Edwards disc prosthesis was studied in vitro. The best registration of the valve was achieved when the disc was positioned at a 90 degree angle to the echo-beam. At an angle of 45 greater than, there was still a satisfactory registration. Due to an increase of echoes, an exact measurement of the valve excursion proved to be difficult. In the presence of disrupted sutures, which caused tilting of the entire valve apparatus, the amplitude of this movement was superimposed on the amplitude of the disc excursion. The disc showed a so-called "hump" independent from the position of the disrupted suture. A movement of the entire valve apparatus towards or opposite from the transducer caused a similar movement of the disc as the disruption of sutures. These findings support the conception that although a relatively easy echocardiographic registration of the Starr-Edwards disc prosthesis can be obtained, slight changes caused by disrupted sutures cannot be successfully differentiated from movements of the entire valve apparatus with the M-mode echocardiography. PMID- 7234051 TI - [Incidence of extracranial cerebrovascular disease in patients with coronary artery disease (author's transl)]. AB - The prevalence of hemodynamically significant disease of the extracranial cerebral arteries was studied in 188 consecutive patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD) by means of the Doppler ultrasound method. 24 (= 12.8%) patients had a significantly reduced perfusion of the common or internal carotid artery, proximal subclavian artery with subclavian steal, or vertebral artery. 2 patients showed a simultaneous involvement of two neck arteries, 3 patients of three neck arteries. The incidence of significant flow impairment of the neck arteries rose with increasing coronary artery involvement: 5.4% in 1-vessel CAD, 12.3% in 2-vessel CAD, 16.3% in 3-vessel CAD. Due to a considerable number of false negative and false positive findings, auscultation proved to be unreliable in the detection of hemodynamically relevant flow disturbances of the extracranial cerebral arteries. It is suggested that at least all candidates for aortocoronary bypass surgery should undergo ultrasound Doppler sonography of the neck arteries. PMID- 7234053 TI - [Experience with special-type pacemaker leads (author's transl)]. AB - The dislodgement rate of endocardially placed pacemaker leads can be decreased by the use of special-type electrodes. Since 1963 a total of 2100 pacemaker implantations was performed. Since 1970 we have been using special-type electrodes in 15 to 20% of our patients each year. The complication rate of all pacemaker leads implanted in the period 1974 to 1978 was 7.6%, the rate of the special type electrodes alone came up to 15%. The lead IE--65--I had the greatest deal of this - 11 out of 43 leads had to be removed. 152 electrodes type IVE--85- armed with metal hooks - were implanted, 18 of which had to be revised and 17 of 117 rigid leads type IE--60--KS--10 revealed failure which made revision necessary. In contrast, 54 screw-in leads type 6957, Medtronik and AE--60--YR, Biotronik caused only one perforation - a lethal one. Primary experiences with a porous tip lead (CPII--4116) are good enough to recommend the use of this electrode as a lead of first choice. We saw 2 dislodgements in 50 implantations. Failure to sense or to pace were never seen (time of observation 2 to 18 months). PMID- 7234052 TI - [The percutaneous cardiac catheterization in the diagnosis of congenital cardiac failure (author's transl)]. AB - The results of a modified percutaneous approach of 113 cardiac catheterizations will be reported. The success rate for the right heart catheterization from the unselected cases in 63% in infants, 84% in those one to five years old and 96% in those children older than five years. For the retrograde left heart catheterization, the percutaneous approach was successful in infants in 91% (except one patient with aortic coarctation) and successful in all patients older than one year. PMID- 7234054 TI - [Quantitative left ventriculography: comparative investigations in normal patients (author's transl)]. AB - In 17 patients with no demonstrable cardiac disease, analysis of the ventriculogram with respect to regional wall motion was performed. These normal patients formed the basis for establishing the normal ranges for 6 different methods of regional wall motion analysis (3 chord, 2 radial, 1 area). In each method, analysis of regional shortening showed a Gaussian distribution. The normal range of a segment was defined as the mean +/- 2 standard deviations, hence comprising 95% of normals. Comparing our 6 normal ranges with the ranges as initially described by their respective authors, the general shape of our curves was largely in agreement with the original curves. In detail, the amount of regional shortening showed some discrepancies, and only our normal range curve, calculated according to the method of Leighton, was highly comparable to the original range of the author, as well as to the one of Brower. Reasons for the discrepancies using other methods may be accounted for by different catheter conditions, different patient material and a subjective variation in delineating the contours of diastole and particularly of systole. It is concluded that normal ranges of a method for wall motion analysis cannot be applied directly from the literature without their prior verification under the special conditions of the angiographic technique and evaluation used. PMID- 7234055 TI - [Plasma catecholamines and hemodynamics in left heart failure (author's transl)]. AB - 7 healthy male subjects, 17 patients with left heart failure of degree I and II and 14 patients of degree III and IV (3 patients) based on a coronary heart disease were examined at rest and during ergometric exercise in supine position during a right-heart-catheter examination. Three patients degree IV were not exercised. Compared to healthy subjects, the patients showed, according to disease severity, catecholamine level increases at rest and at the same submaximum exercise intensity. The catecholamine levels show no difference between the patients and healthy subjects during maximum ergometric exercise, although the patients exercise load was 30% (degree I and II) and 60% (degree III) lower. Three patients of the degree IV already have plasma catecholamine levels at rest like those of healthy subjects during maximum ergometric exercise at 155 +/- 33 Watts. Adrenaline and noradrenaline show a direct correlation to pressure dimensions as to the PCPm or the PAPd corresponding to the limitation extent of cardiac function. Estimation of plasma catecholamines in left heart failure during ergometric exercise allows an orientational judgement of the course of hemodynamic dimensions such as PCPm, PAPd and HMV without renewed invasive diagnostic. PMID- 7234056 TI - Posterior aortic wall motion and left atrial volume changes. AB - The motion characteristic of the posterior aortic wall has been used in precordial M-mode echocardiography as a parameter of cardiac function. However, the determinants of this characteristic motion pattern of the aorta are still unknown. In this study the posterior aortic wall motion was studied angiographically as it is related to left atrial volume changes. 21 patients with various heart diseases served as the study group. 18 patients were in sinus rhythm, 3 patients in atrial fibrillation. We found an excellent agreement between left atrial volume changes and the movement of the posterior aortic wall. The correlation coefficient between both parameters ranged from .73 to .95 irrespective of the underlying heart disease and heart rhythm. From this study one can conclude that left atrial volume changes are reflected by the motion of the posterior aortic wall. PMID- 7234057 TI - [Therapy of arrhythmias. Pharmacological, electrical and surgical possibilities. Echocardiography. Abstracts of the 47th Annual Meeting of the German Society for Heart and Circulation Research, Bad Nauheim, 24-26 April 1981]. PMID- 7234058 TI - [Possibility of using electrophoresis on membrane foils for the differentiation of glycosaminoglycan patterns of various tumors]. PMID- 7234059 TI - [Automated analysis of radioimmunoassays and protein binding determinations]. PMID- 7234060 TI - [Activity of alanine aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase in rat serum following loading with indocyanine green]. PMID- 7234061 TI - [Determination of the activated recalcification time (ART) in citrated blood]. PMID- 7234063 TI - [An automated serum chloride determination]. PMID- 7234064 TI - [Determination of L-carnitine in serum]. PMID- 7234062 TI - [Clinical trials of the coagulation time meter KZM-1 of the VEB MLW Labortechnik Ilmenau (GDR)--performance of the method and serial and routine precision]. PMID- 7234065 TI - [2 methods of shortening the duration of electrophoresis demonstrated by the example of HBs antigen determination]. PMID- 7234066 TI - Quantitative electron microscope study of synaptic terminals to basket neurons in cerebellar cortex of rat. AB - Quantitative electron microscope study of synaptic input to 40 cerebellar basket neurons in the rat has revealed, that while the dendrite tree (1580 mum in average) receives almost exclusively excitatory parallel fibres (2420/dendritic tree of single basket cell), the perikaryonal surface receives in addition to parallel axons a well developed (26% of all axosomatic boutons) inhibitory input. The few climbing fibres contacting BC somata, were not observed to establish true synaptic articulations. PMID- 7234067 TI - Neuroglia in the teleost (Channa striatus) central nervous system. AB - Neuroglia in the teleost (Channa striatus) central nervous system are of two categories: (1) Ependymal gliocytes with long processes having vascular and/or superficial terminal thickenings beneath the pia and (2) Non-ependymal gliocytes which are either primitive (unipolar and bipolar) or of classical macroglial type (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes). Interfascicular oligodendrocytes have been found amidst non-myelinated nerve fibre bundles, suggesting that they have not reached the phylogenetic maturation towards myelinogenic activity. PMID- 7234068 TI - [Regeneration of the thread-like papillae in the rat tongue]. AB - The regeneration capacity of the filiform papillae of the rat tongue was studied after destruction through abrasion in 18 rats after time intervals of 1 1/2 days until 7 months. By abrasion were destroyed the epithelial layer, the tunica propria mucosae and part of the muscle layers. Lightmicroscopic investigation showed formation of new filiform papillae, similar in structure to the normal tissue. Scanning electron microscopic investigation brought further details. It showed clearly that in the regeneration area the newly formed filiform papillae were irregularly distributed and of different shapes. These studies make it clear that newly formed epithelial as well as connective tissue has a generally coded property to form new filiform papillae. No fungiform papillae were ever seen to regenerate. It is concluded that these are higher differentiated organs with no capacity to regenerate. PMID- 7234069 TI - Mucins in cervix uteri of the Indian goat, Capra hircus (Linn.). AB - Cervical epithelium of the goat, Capra hircus shows the presence of two types of cells-ciliated and non ciliated mucus secreting the latter cell type being more predominant. In the non-pregnant specimen, the columnar mucus secreting cells of the cervical epithelium and gland show stored mucin in the supranuclear cytoplasm. During early part of gestation some cells show mucin concentrated in the supranuclear cytoplasm while in others it is localized towards the luminal surface only. Scanty mucous secretion is observed in the lumen of cervix but more mucus is observed in the lumen of the glands. During mid-and late pregnancy most of the stored mucin of the mucous cells is released and appears as a copious secretion in the lumen, during lactation most of the mucous cells show no stored mucin and the lumen is devoid secretion. The mucins present in the cervical epithelium, lumina of the glands and cervix show the presence of neutral, sulfo- and sialomucins. The amount of mucus secreted is higher during pregnancy than during the non-pregnant stage. PMID- 7234070 TI - Regeneration of gastric mucosa after aspirin induced injury in Clarias batrachus (Linn.). AB - Aspirin ingestion (500 mg/kg/day) causes chronic ulceration in cardiac stomach of Clarias batrachus. These gastric ulcers heal by the process of secondary union and granulation tissue formation. The healing takes place in about 40 days. Different coats of stomach show marked inflammatory and vascular response during the process of healing. PMID- 7234071 TI - Histological study of the ependyma of the hypothalamic third ventricle in the water snake Natrix maura (L). AB - The ependyma of the hypothalamic third ventricle of Natrix maura (L) has been investigated by light microscopy employing Nissl and Golgi stains. Electron microscopy was also used. Brains were fixed by intraventricular perfusion and embedded in paraffin, celloidin and Spurr resin. Light-microscopically the ependyma appears as a simple layer epithelium with round or enlarged nuclei. It sometimes shows basal processes extending into the subependymal tissue. These processes can be clearly seen in Richardson stained semithin sections. They often contact the subependymal capillaries. Electronmicroscopically, tanycytes contacting capillaries show numerous microvilli and few cilia as well as pinocytotic vesicles at their apical surfaces. There are zonulae adherentes and probably gap junctions as well as digitations and desmosomes. In the apical cytoplasm there are mainly mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Near the nuclei and specially in the basal process there are many microtubules. The tanycytes contact the capillaries by an end foot containing mitochondria and pinocytotic vesicles, which are also observed in the endothelian cytoplasm. These structures lead us to think, like several other authors, that the tanycytes of Natrix maura (L) may serve as a linkage between CSF and the capillaries and that they possess the morphological features which are necessary to effect intracellular transportation. PMID- 7234072 TI - Light- and electron-microscopic investigations on human carotid bodies. AB - The functionally first of all considerable components of the carotid bodies are glomus cells and nerve fibres. The glomus cells form two groups. The chemoreceptor cells belong in one of these, the capsular cells in the other. The chemoreceptor cells are polygonal bodies. in their cytoplasm, organella are expressed. The cell nucleus is round, chromatin is homogeneous. Cells are characterized by the osmiophilic bodies. The capsular cells are long-shaped bodies with processes, they are associated with the chemoreceptor cells and sometimes lap over these, like veils. A number of the nerve fibres take place in Schwann's cells wrapped in a mesaxon membrane. The larger part, surrounds the round cell-nests consisting of chemoreceptor cells with a close-meshed network. From the network some fibres draw to the chemoreceptor cells and terminate on these in the form of boutons. Nerve endings form synapses with the chemoreceptor cells. Three forms of these have been found. One of these is the conventional synapsis, the other the saccular synapsis and the third one the parallel contact. Conventional synapses contain all the components identified in the neurons of the central nervous system. Saccular synapses are the magnified pictures of boutons. They consist of axolemma, axoplasm, synaptic vesicles, and mitochondria. In the parallel contacts, the axolemma and cytolemma touch each other. In the axoplasm, there are synaptic vesicles and mitochondria. Conventional synapses conduct peripherally, saccular synapses and parallel contacts centrally. On chemoreceptor cells, there are no neuronal marks, consequently, they are no interneurons. For reciprocal synapses the morphological bases are missing. The chemoreceptor cells are sensory cells. PMID- 7234073 TI - Seasonal changes in the thyroid gland of Indian spiny tailed, sand lizard, Uromastix hardwickii (Gray) male. AB - The thyroid gland of Indian spiny tailed, Sand lizard, Uromastix hardwickii is in the form of a ribbon like structure situated beneath and across the trachea. The histological appearance of the thyroid gland, follicular cell-height, nature of colloid and its relative weight studied over a year showed a seasonal variation and cyclic activity, which were found to be more in summer months than the winter and also correlated with the active and inactive phases of reproduction. In the month of May/June, when the environmental temperature was high the thyroid appeared to be most active, while in December/January, when the environmental temperature was low, the thyroid was almost inactive. PMID- 7234074 TI - [Late results of reduction mammoplasty]. AB - A follow-up made 8--17 years after reduction mammoplasty is presented. The series consists of 146 patients, who answered a questionnaire. The patients view on the result is influenced by the following elements: shape, size, scars and sensibility of the nipple compound. Approx. 80 percent of the patients regarded the result as very good or good. PMID- 7234075 TI - [Breast areola and nipple sensitivity after reduction mammoplasty]. AB - Considering the female breast to be a secondary sexual organ the sensibility of nipple and areola gains essentially in functional significance. This sensory function is impaired as well by reduction mammaplasty. Thus all different operation methods propagated in recent years have to be rated as to functional and esthetic results with regard to resection weight. The optimal operation method presupposes: 1. Satisfactory esthetic result, 2. optional reductional possibility up to subcutaneous mastectomy, 3. minor sensory impairment of nipple and areola. PMID- 7234076 TI - [Large surgical flaps in the reconstruction of soft tissues after complicated injuries of the lower leg]. AB - Experiences and results with a so called extended flap transfer including the fascia of the donor leg are discussed. Six patients suffering from complete open fractures of the lower legs underwent this procedure. All patients gained a functional and useful lower extremity. Also late reconstructive operations to cure bony problems did not affect detrimentally the healed flaps. PMID- 7234077 TI - [Our experience with the cross-leg surgical flap]. AB - Despite more recent operation methods the cross-leg flap technique is still of importance in covering defects at the lower leg and foot. Considering all contra indications and certain technical particularities while operating with this method good results can be achieved. PMID- 7234078 TI - [Plastic surgery after extensive tumor surgery of the scalp]. AB - Extensive resections of tumors of the scalp penetrating into the bone and the brain often require the use of free flaps for coverage as the only possibility. Four cases are reported and the specific problems of these microsurgical operations in this region are discussed. PMID- 7234079 TI - [Rhinoplasty after radiation injuries]. AB - The authors report on the experience in 27 patients with noses damaged by radiation. Different types of local flaps from the forehead and distant flaps from the neck and arm for reconstruction are described. PMID- 7234080 TI - [Late results after reduction mammoplasty in relation to the weight of the resected tissue]. AB - This is a report on the subjective estimation of breast reduction mammoplasty with regard to the weight of resected tissue. 81 patients followed up have been grouped in 5 sections according to resection weight. In consideration of different aspects (social behaviour, complaints, form-, volume estimation) the subjective judgement on the result has been investigated. Objective and subjective scar quality were faced with each other. Altogether most patients were pleased with the operation result. Best subjective results have been achieved among the groups from 500 to 1500 gm resection weight. PMID- 7234081 TI - [Damage of the upper femoral epiphysis. Long time results following trauma to the coxal end of the femur (author's transl)]. AB - Traumatic lesions of the coxal end of the femur during growth often lead to irreparable damage of the upper femoral epiphysis. These lesions as well as their influence to the femoral epiphysis are described and classified according to our own experiences and a study of the literature is given as well. Our own results are fractures of the neck of femur, transcapital femoral fractures, pelvic fractures and traumatic luxations during growth. For complementation of diagnostic examinations possibilities of non-traumatic damage of the epiphysis of the femoral head during growth are given. PMID- 7234082 TI - [Wear measurements of hip prostheses with UHMW polyethylene (RCH-1000) socket and chromium plated protasul-10 head (author's transl)]. AB - An estimation of wear was carried out on 100 of 340 UHMW polyethylene sockets (RCH 1000) that were implanted with Protasul-10 prostheses furnished with a chromium plated head. This was effected by measuring the position of the head relative to the socket as seen on radiographs during a follow-up period of 4 years. The method employed was verified in 3 cases (in which the socket had been removed) by measurements on silastic casts of the bearing surface. Practically no difference in the results was observed. The average wear rate amounted to 0.16 mm/year over an observation period of 4 years. Furthermore, it has been observed that para-articular calcification seems to be independent of the amount of abrasive debris present. It seems rather to depend on other factors, such as the size of the haematom, degree of muscle necrosis, etc. PMID- 7234083 TI - [The stresses in femur (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of pull in the iliotibial tract on the stresses in the human femur was investigated using the finite element method. Stresses and strains were computed for a model, assuming different forces in the iliotibial tract. The results were experimentally confirmed using strain gauges. The pull in the iliotibial tract mainly reduces the high tensile strains at the lateral side. PMID- 7234084 TI - [Measuring patella-femoral contact points. 1. New aspects of functional anatomy]. PMID- 7234085 TI - [Correlation between arthrography and intraoperative findings in knee meniscus lesion (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of knee meniscus lesion as a result of clinical findings has a relatively high rate of failure. The arthrography of the knee joint is a low risk method of examination which is not burdening the patient. Arthrography compared with intraoperative findings shows a correlation of 97,0% in 132 operations performed. This testifies evidently the high diagnostic value of this radiological examination. It facilitates that decision to perform an arthrotomy in cases, clinical findings are not clear enough. PMID- 7234087 TI - [The treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis with the Milwaukee brace (author's transl)]. AB - The application of the Milwaukee brace during adolescence is indicated not only in scoliosis, but also in severe forms of Scheuermann's kyphosis. In Basel between 1970 and 1979, 55 patients with severe thoracic kyphosis were treated with the Milwaukee brace. 45 of these patients were followed for a longer period of time. The results of the measurements of the kyphotic angles and of the angles of the wedges vertebral bodies are presented in detail. In those children who were followed to adulthood an average curvature correction from 40 degrees to 32 degrees was found. This represents a correction exceeding 50%, if a physiological angle of 25 degrees is presumed. Also, measurements showed erection of the wedged vertebral bodies after completion of growth. Consequently, the use of the Milwaukee brace for rigid thoracic kyphosis of more than 35 degrees in adolescents is advised. PMID- 7234086 TI - [Plastic surgery in subcutaneous rupture of calcaneal tendon using the tilting or reversal technique-experience from 110 operations (author's transl)]. AB - From 1968 to 1979 110 patients with subcutaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon were subjected exclusively to plastic surgery using the tilting or reversal technique. No rerupture was seen in the follow-ups and the infection rate appears to be low. PMID- 7234088 TI - [Diagnosis of focal spinal diseases - a critical review]. AB - The article offers a critical review of the diagnosis of focal diseases of the vertebral column, based on 200 histological vertebral column examinations. The findings obtained by means of the roentgenological, histological and bacteriological examinations can be subdivided into 6 groups: 1. Non-specific and specific cases of spondylitis (59 patients); 2. Systemic malignant diseases and primarily malignant tumours (23 patients); 3. Metastases (71 patients); 4. Benign tumours (11 patients); 5. Miscellaneous cases (28 patients) and 6. Unclarified cases (8 patients). The authors comment on the following points with specific reference to the results obtained by them: a) Possibilities and limitations of roentgenological diagnosis: roentgenologically, the inflammatory diseases are most easy to identify, but is not always possible to differentiate safely between non-specific, specific and plasmacellular spondylitis. There are clear limitations to the diagnosis of the type of focal diseases of the spinal column; this applies particularly to the benign and malignant types of tumours. b) Necessity of arriving at an accurate diagnosis: it is imperative to aim at an accurate diagnosis before any meaningful therapy can be initiated. The mandatory need for this is explained via examples covered by the present study. c) Closed or open biopsy: it is shown by means of a review of the literature that open biopsy yields more representative material for the histological examination than closed needle biopsy. It goes without saying that this is a true prerequisite for an accurate histological diagnosis. In this connection, the authors go into the details of the difficulties governing any histological examination. d) informative value of further additional examinations: Scintigraphy, tomography and computer tomography may be valuable aids in the discovery and better visualisation of a vertebral focus, but they are not helpful in arriving at a diagnosis regarding the type of focus involved. Laboratory examinations are not very helpful, either. e) Accuracy of the authors' own diagnostic measures: in spite of open biopsy, 177 cases only out of 200 (88%) could be diagnosed on a purely histological basis. In 12 further cases, diagnosis was established after correlation of the histological finding with the x-ray film. 8 cases (4%) could not be clarified. In 7 patients (3.5%) it must be assumed that the focus was not located despite open biopsy. PMID- 7234089 TI - [The deformation behavior of human lumbar intervertebral discs subjected to long term axial dynamic compressive forces (author's transl)]. AB - 49 specimens were studied in 67 axial compression tests; the duration test varied between 2 and 6 hours. All discs showed marked creep; after a big decrease in the first minutes the rate of creep decreases still slightly. Additional the results reveal a decreasing axial deformability with time. In the beginning of a test quickly the viscoelastic behavior alters to such a steady state that the disc behaves more like an elastic body. Loss of mass normally observed after compression tests is due to loss of liquid, but liquid absorption during mechanical load is possible too. The long term biochmechanical behavior is reproducible very well; a second experiment done with the same disc yields nearly the same results. PMID- 7234090 TI - [Effect of direct current on the healing of cancellous bone defects in animal experiments: quantitative results (author's transl)]. AB - The examinations were made in grown up rabbits of different races in a right to left attempt. A defect like a slot was placed transcondyloid and sagittal by an osteotomy in the condyle of the femur. The fixation of the condyle was performed by a screw poled as kathode. The anode was planted in the extensor muscles of the femur. Direct current from a battery on the neck of the rabbit was running subcutan by stranded wires. The stimulation was performed by direct current of 10 and 17,5 microamperes for two, three and four weeks. The quantitative survey of 44 pairs of bone showed a significant acceleration of bonegrowth by direct current indicated by a higher weight of the new grown bone in the osteotomy slot. The bones, stimulated by 10 and 17,5 microamperes showed no significant differences among themselves. Possible reasons leading to bonegrowth are discussed. PMID- 7234091 TI - [Possible uses for computerized tomography in orthopedics]. AB - Computer assisted tomography (CT) is a new radiographic technique, which displays a transverse representation of a slice of the body. The resulting images have a remarkable capacity for density resolution. In Neuroradiology, the use of CT is well established and it is becoming more and more often utilized for orthopaedic investigations. The value of CT in the diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal system lesions is being determined by evaluation of the literature and of our own experiences. The CT method appears definitely indicated for diagnosis and precise localization of tumors of the muusculoskeletal system. Especially, regions of complex anatomy, where determination of different angles and various anatomical measurements are possible from the display which is free from projection errors. The possibility of using CT for intravital examination of bone density of patients needs further development. PMID- 7234093 TI - [Arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7234094 TI - [Arteriopathies. Clinical study methods for their diagnosis]. PMID- 7234092 TI - [Oxyfedrine in coronary therapy]. PMID- 7234095 TI - [Arterial occlusion of the supra-aortic branches and their surgical treatment]. PMID- 7234096 TI - [Positive psychotherapy in medical practice. A new model in the treatment of psychiatric and psychosomatic disorders]. PMID- 7234097 TI - [The five-step model in positive psychotherapy]. PMID- 7234098 TI - [Significance of psychosocial norms in medical practice. The microtrauma theory]. PMID- 7234099 TI - [Autogenic training. Experiences, recommendations, help]. PMID- 7234100 TI - [Urinary incontinence in women. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7234101 TI - [Urologic tips for the general practitioner]. PMID- 7234102 TI - [Primary therapy of breast cancer]. PMID- 7234103 TI - [A trial with Haemo-Glucotest 20-800 at the sickbed]. PMID- 7234104 TI - [Cold injuries and thermal lesions]. PMID- 7234105 TI - [Injuries of the extremities and the locomotor system. Management in catastrophies]. PMID- 7234106 TI - [Craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 7234107 TI - [Eye injuries]. PMID- 7234108 TI - [Thoracic and abdominal injuries]. PMID- 7234109 TI - [Medical assistance in nuclear power plant catastrophies]. PMID- 7234112 TI - [Retrocolonic Billroth II]. PMID- 7234111 TI - [Pathophysiology, clinical aspects and therapy of heart insufficiency]. PMID- 7234114 TI - [Comparison of endoscopy with other technics. What are the advantages offered by endoscopy compared to the less invasive technics (roentgen diagnosis, sonography, computerized tomography)?]. PMID- 7234110 TI - [Autonomic disorders in general practice. Possibilities of drug therapy with Baldrisedon]. PMID- 7234113 TI - [Endoscopy in general practice]. PMID- 7234115 TI - [Dental health and maintenance of the periodontium]. PMID- 7234116 TI - [74th Meeting of the Anatomical Society in Regensburg, 26-30 March 1979]. PMID- 7234117 TI - [Morphology of human thrombocytes in freeze-etching technic]. PMID- 7234118 TI - Erythrocyte diapedesis in venous stasis syndrome. (Electron microscopic examinations). PMID- 7234119 TI - Non-invasive quantitative measurement of regurgitation in insufficiency of the superior saphenous vein by Doppler-ultrasound: a comparison with clinical examination and phlebography. PMID- 7234120 TI - Size and position of the plethysmograph in relation to forearm blood flow values obtained by venous occlusion plethysmography. PMID- 7234121 TI - Claudication and peripheral blood pressure. A mathematical model. PMID- 7234122 TI - [Adaptive changes of carbohydrate metabolism in arterial occlusive diseases. II. Lateral isolated exertion of the lower leg]. PMID- 7234123 TI - Standardized ergometer exercise in trained rowers: effect on reversible platelet microaggregates and platelet aggregation. PMID- 7234124 TI - [Primary varicosis in young men. Results of a mass examination of draftees]. PMID- 7234125 TI - [Ringstripper - round or oval?]. PMID- 7234126 TI - [Aneurysmatic transformation of an axillo-femoral arterial prosthesis]. PMID- 7234127 TI - [Marfan syndrome and aneurysm of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 7234128 TI - [Vascular tumors I: hemangioma]. PMID- 7234129 TI - [White atrophy: skin infarction of various pathogeneses?]. PMID- 7234131 TI - Concerning intraosseous angioma. PMID- 7234130 TI - [Thoughts on the differences between time-tried sclerotherapy methods]. PMID- 7234132 TI - [Pathomorphologic and experimental studies of the femoral artery as preferred site for manifestation of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7234134 TI - [Histomorphological alterations of lung after strangulation. A comparative experimental study (author's transl)]. AB - It was investigated by animal experiments (50 rats, 15 rabbits) if histomorphological vital reactions can be found in the lung after strangulation and how far these findings differ from other violent causes of death with comparatively short survival period. Besides strangulation by ligature the animals were killed by overdose of ether, chloroform, pentobarbitone, and ketaminehydrochloride; gasing with propane and nitrogen; suffocation in a small closed box; thoracic compression; injection of KCN i.p.; decapitation, blunt force; electric current; cardiac injection of KCL. In comparison with the controls the striking findings after strangulation consisted of a qualitatively and quantitatively considerable hemorrhagic syndrome and an edema of all compartments of the lung which was frequently hemorrhagic, too. The authors award specific significance to the alveolar-septal edema which was found in semithin sections (and electron-microscopically)--which never occurred in the controls. PMID- 7234135 TI - [The kinetics of the postmortal bacterial metabolism of the glutamic acid in brain (author's transl)]. AB - This paper gives a brief report on investigations on bacterial enzyme activities in putrefied brain tissue. The effects of temperature changes (5--30 degrees C) and pH-changes (3--8) on the rate of the glutamic acid reactions, especially proteolysis and alpha- resp. gamma-decarboxylation, were examined to reveal to which extent a temperature and pH-independence is valid for the previously developed time of death formula: (formula: see text). The present investigation demonstrates the independence of the mentioned formula for the important pH-range of 6--7.2 and for a temperature range of 17.5--25 degrees C (room temperature). A second important result is that in these ranges a high proteolytic activity is observed so that the continuation of the reaction sequences will be maintained. These results reveal that the postmortal metabolism of the glutamic acid may be suitable to determine the time of death. PMID- 7234133 TI - [Direct and indirect trauma in resuscitation (author's transl)]. AB - To provide accident surgeons working under extreme conditions with reports on the results of their efforts, the complications of resuscitation measures in 30 atraumatic deaths in which a final fall was to be excluded were analyzed in a fundamental study. According to these results, there are two predilection sites for injuries, viz., the thorax and neck. Thus, injuries to the bones of the thorax, which had occurred in 70% of all cases, were found regularly in rigid emphysematous thorax, and in 40% in elastic thorax after external cardiac massage. The typical secondary injuries are dealt with. Because of the great danger of a liver injury as observed in two cases, resuscitation measures using an extrathoracic cardiac massage machine appear to be problematic even if injuries to the bones of the thorax can be avoided in an elastic thorax. Injury to the neck after intubation occurred nearly as often as injuries to the thorax after external cardiac massage. Local injuries were predominantly small hemorrhages and abrasions at the base of the tongue and in the tonsillar ring on the right. Hemorrhages in the neck musculature are likely to be attributed to the abutment injury, and the retropharyngeal hemorrhages to hyper-extension. The single organ most frequently injured overall was the cervical spine with an injury frequency of 66%. However, there was no indication, not even in a single case, that resuscitation measures had shortened the life of a patient. PMID- 7234136 TI - [Glyoxalase I polymorphisms: distribution of phenotypes and gene frequencies in Portugal (author's transl)]. AB - Phenotypes of glyoxalase I (GLO I) were determined in 1,000 unrelated persons from Portugal giving the gene frequencies GLO1 = 0.463 and GLO2 = 0.537. PMID- 7234137 TI - [Lethal complications caused by perforating esophageal injuries (author's transl)]. AB - Symptoms, complications, and pathoanatomic findings of three cases, in which the esophageal perforation originally caused the death, are demonstrated. The first case deals with an pressure-errosion as a result of gavage, the second an incised wound by a razor blade, and the third a through-and-through gunshot wound of the upper part of the esophagus. PMID- 7234138 TI - [Identification of 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives by means of derivative spectroscopy (author's transl)]. AB - Presented here is a rapid method of identifying 4-hydroxycoumarins in organs or blood samples. Using an ultrasonic homogenizer, a complete analysis is obtained in less than 30 min. Coumarin derivatives are identified by means of derivative UV spectroscopy in the normal spectrum and its first derivation at 340 to 240 nm. HPTLC can be employed as supplementary identification method. PMID- 7234139 TI - [Phenotype distribution and gene frequencies of adenosine deaminase in Schleswig Holstein compared with samples from Portugal, Brazil, and South Africa (Bantu Xhosa and whites) (author's transl)]. AB - Phenotypes and gene frequencies of the erythrocyte enzyme adenosine deaminase were determined in samples from Schleswig-Holstein, Portugal, Brazil, and South Africa (Bantu-Xhosa and White). In the Portugal population the phenotypes ADA 5-1 and ADA 5-2 were found. PMID- 7234141 TI - The influence of gamma-irradiation on the activity of aldolase (E.C.4.1.2.13). PMID- 7234142 TI - [Straw-mixed feed as "single feed" for horses]. PMID- 7234140 TI - [Population genetic examination of the esterase D (EsD) erythrocyte isoenzyme system in the inhabitants of Szeged and its environment (South Hungary) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have examined 1,480 random and unrelated persons who belonged to South Hungarian (Szeged and its environment) population and 159 mother-child pairs by starch-gel electrophoresis to determine the distribution of EsD enzyme polymorphism. The distribution of phenotype was as follows: EsD 1-1 = 80.74%, EsD 2-1 = 11.97%, EsD 2-2 = 1.28%. The gene-frequency values were: EsD1 = 0.8973 and EsD2 = 0.1027. The observed values do not differ significantly from the mean values of the Central European populations. The results of the examinations on mother-child pairs confirmed the established formal genetic theory of the inheritance of EsD enzyme polymorphism. PMID- 7234144 TI - [Functional properties of a simple metabolism cage for rats]. PMID- 7234145 TI - [Influence of three growth promoters on the nitrogen content of rat liver cell organelles (nuclei, mitochondria)]. PMID- 7234143 TI - [Blood sampling in pigs using jugular catheter and metabolic cages designed for male castrated pigs within the body weight range 3-35 kg]. PMID- 7234146 TI - [Psychoanalytic process between the Scylla of "condensation" and the Charybdis of "systematic acoustic deficit." Introduction to a research project]. AB - Both for research and for training in psychoanalysis psychoanalytic dialogues must be made publicly accessible. With traditional procedures (supervision, case seminars, publications) condensations are inevitable, for which, however, no binding rules exist. Empirical research results are quoted to show that these condensations are highly selective. We cannot see any immediately plausible external criteria to decide which kinds of selective condensations are justified and which are not. Heimann's conceptualisations of the three "positions" within which psychoanalysts function as therapists is introduced to explain why analysts especially fail to report their own interpretations. If one tries to evade the devil of selective condensation by audio-recording, one falls into the deep blue sea of the "systematic acoustic deficit". Of the "running commentary" within the analyst only the small part which is uttered as therapeutic intervention can be registered acoustically. From a discussion of the problems analysts and patients experience with audiorecordings it is argued that the analyst/patient dyads consenting to this procedure are a systematic sample and thus not representative for the total of analysts and their patients. Finally a research program is presented which tries to partly fill the systematic acoustic deficit by gathering "proning retrospectives". The latter are spoken by the analyst after each "proning" (= session) on the same cassette which recorded the therapy. In a free part the analyst free associates. In a second, the "intervention explication" part the analyst identifies roughly 3 "important" interventions and tries to formulate for each its source, its purpose and the point in time when he had conceived his formulation. An evaluation design for thus gathered information is described. PMID- 7234147 TI - [Experiences with psychosomatic patients--problems of etiology, perception and truth]. AB - In the therapy of psychosomatic patients following sufficient analysis of psychic factors, a remnant, resistant to further analysis, is found which is the result of primary organic suffering. The entire organism changes with respect to this primary suffering and, if the behaviour of the significant other remains unchanged, psychic maladjustment sets in, which in the future may be the cause of organic disease. Organic changes resulting from primary suffering resistant to analysis, must be mitigated by changes in the patients life. In practice the therapy of psychosomatic patients is aggravated by their individual difficulties in expressing themselves and by the difficulties therapists have in perceiving their expressions. Perception-training, which may be in the form of mediation, seems desirable. Patients near their central conflict tend to untruthfulness. Analysis of this untruthfulness is to be considered as a step forward in the therapy. If analysis is not possible, untruthfulness in the patient remains a therapeutic problem. PMID- 7234148 TI - [Fear and aggressiveness in the speech of female anxiety neurotics]. AB - With Gottschalk's and Gleser's technique for quantitative verbal content analysis it has been shown that in general females suffering from anxiety neurosis (N = 30) frequently verbalize their anxiety, even though they are not in an acute state of anxiety. There is, however, no significant increase in the expression of diffuse anxiety or death anxiety (as might be expected from the psychopathological description). The verbal behaviour of the patients displays a variety of facets that support the psychodynamic hypothesis of the crucial role of the separation problem, i.e. it is shown that a) the separation anxiety is significantly higher than in a representative sample of normal subjects; b) this anxiety is one of the decisive factors in discriminating between anxiety neurosis and other psychiatric disorders, and c) a significant positive correlation between separation anxiety and inward directed hostility is observed only in anxiety neurosis patients. The highly significant increase in guilt anxiety, coupled with a tendency towards a lack of outward directed hostility, seems to suggest a close interrelationship between anxiety neurosis and depressive neurosis. Pointing in the same direction is the fact that the deficit in outward directed hostility or the excess of inward directed hostility are decisive factors for discriminating between anxiety neurosis and other psychiatric disorders. PMID- 7234149 TI - [A psychosomatic theory of allergic sensitization; allergy as a quasi conditioned reaction]. AB - A psychosomatic theory concerning the sensitization process of immediate type allergy is presented. According to this theory the allergy systems from a deficient local defense function of the respiratory tract's mucous membranes. It is assumed that persons, with a specific disposition and learning experiences, in certain conflict situations where emotional impulses cannot be expressed, tend so suffer an obstructive hyperfunction of the nasal and/or bronchial mucosa including hyperemia, swelling, hypersecretion (and spasms of the bronchial muscular system). These modifications of mocous function result from suppressed aggressive expressions (rage, anger, attack) in connection with avoidance tendencies. Thus the immunological reaction may also be the result of bronchial asthma and of chronic rhinitis. This theory allows to regard the process of sensitization as a learning process and to consider the allergy as a classic conditioned response to the atopic allergen as a conditional stimulus. The obstructive hyperfunction (which, of course, can also occur by stimuli other emotional) creates "critical phases". During these the immune system can be activated against atopic allergens in sufficient quantity. However, anyone is probably more sensitized against allergens found in locations where his emotional impulses are not expressed. In this context a house dust allergy, for example, refers to conflicts within the confines of the house, but does not necessarily attribute symbolic qualities to house dust itself. PMID- 7234150 TI - [Psychogenic polydipsia - suicide as resolution of narcissistic crisis]. AB - A 37 year-old patient had been suffering from considerable polydipsia over a period of almost 3 years. Examination of the pituitary gland, the neural and renal system produced negative results. The psychoanalytic interview revealed a conflict that could explain the origin of the symptoms. Against the background of the biography, the symptoms could be interpreted as regressive behaviour with defense mechanisms of denial of reality and idealization. A personal misfortune provoked a psychological breakdown of the patient's defense mechanisms and he committed suicide. The background for these correlations was found in the theory of narcissism. PMID- 7234151 TI - [Multiple sclerosis - a depressive syndrome? Report on the course of psychotherapy]. AB - The findings concerning the basic psychic condition preceding the onset of a so called multiple sclerosis seem to correspond to the basic structure and disorders of a narcissistic neurosis, especially that of the phobic type of this illness. The same psychic structure may also be referred to as faulty identify establishment or, in terms of depression, described as a somatically masked depression. Because of the deep-rooted psychic damage lasting results can only be obtained by long-term uncovering analytic psychotherapy. In general patients afflicted with a neurosis of this type violently oppose to psychic training and reorientation. PMID- 7234153 TI - [Diagnosis of space-occupying processes of the kidney by sequence scintigraphy and renovasography]. AB - Proof and classification of a space-demanding process of the kidney is most successfully done by means of renovasography. The nuclear-medical investigation methods give only unspecific references to the disease. Investigation results of radionephrography, sequence scintigraphy and renovasography of 130 kidneys with space-demanding processes were comparatively evaluated. Renovasographically the findings of 35 malignant tumours, 58 solitary cysts and 37 polycystic degenerations were correctly classified. The radionephrography is of no importance for the diagnostics of space-demanding processes. The results of the sequence scintigraphy were in demands of space localised defects of parenchyma, reductions of parenchyma and one a non-functioning kidney. These findings gave rise to angiographical clarification. In the polycystic degeneration the irregular distribution of the activity in the parenchyma, multiple parenchymal defects and the enlargement of the organ referred to the disease. PMID- 7234152 TI - [Family therapy in polygamous families]. AB - Patients from polygamous families are over-represented in the Enugu Psychiatric Hospital. The authors came to this conclusion after case notes from 116 anxiety neurotic, 101 schizophrenic and 117 depressive patients were examined. The patients were treated from 1970 to 1979. Polygamy was shortly described with its advantages and disadvantages. Competition between the wives, over-burdening of the husband and often poor care of the children represent the background for the symptoms of the patients, who come from such families. Looking for useful therapeutic methods the method of the natives to solve family quarrels were viewed. Making use of psychoanalytic therapy models especially as represented by Duhrssen, Richter and Toman a family therapy model was presented which takes the native judgement model into consideration. A case was presented to illustrate the above. PMID- 7234154 TI - [Coagulum pyelolithotomy]. AB - On the basis of 20 cases the own experiences with the coagulum pyelolithotomy are demonstrated and the operation technique, as it is performed by the authors is described. The authors are of the opinion that, when aimedly used and at an adequate indication, the coagulum pyelolithotomy essentially facilitates the removal of mobile and multiple calculi from the renal calyces. PMID- 7234155 TI - [Physiotherapy in recurring urinary calculus formation and chronic inflammatory kidney and urinary tract diseases]. AB - Physiotherapeutic methods for supplementation of internal or urological treatment of chronic, inflammatory renal diseases and of the relapsing formation of urinary calculi are described. They serve to furthering of diuresis and flowing off, to supporting of defense infections by the body, to influence on the pain and take into consideration the regularity of the disturbed functional circles defaecation and thermoregulation. The short-wave therapy, abdominal water-dressing, partial bath wins increasing temperature and sauna-bath are described more in detail concerning the technique. PMID- 7234156 TI - [Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the kidney and the para-aortal lymph nodes as cause of a silent kidney with kidney pelvis calculi and pyonephrosis]. PMID- 7234157 TI - [An intra-abdominal complication caused by a foreign body in the urinary tract]. PMID- 7234158 TI - [Solitary myocardial metastasis of a bladder cancer]. PMID- 7234159 TI - How heritable is innate behaviour? AB - The relations between innateness and heritability of behaviour, environmental heterogeneity, genetic diversity of populations, and rates of evolution of behaviour are discussed on the basis of a simple quantitative model. An index I of innateness is proposed which can be related to the heritability index h2. I and h2 are positively related but the degree of correlation depends on the genetic variability of the population, the heterogeneity of the conditioning environment, and the level of spontaneous behavioural variability. The influence of innateness on rates of evolution is moderate. The frequency distributions of I and h2 are unimodal, there is no evidence for an innate-acquired dichotomy. PMID- 7234160 TI - Consequences of premature weaning on the reproduction of mothers and offspring in laboratory mice. AB - A decrease of energy expenditure per offspring is expected to benefit the mother by increasing the number of offspring she can produce, and to inflict costs upon the young by decreasing their reproductive value. To evaluate the benefit-cost functions of shortened suckling times in house mice, the young were separated from their mothers prior to natural weaning. During two following litters of mothers and young, time of birth and numbers born were recorded. The impact of the resulting effects on the lifetime reproduction of mothers and young were evaluated by model calculations assuming population equilibrium, exponential population growth or exponential growth limited by population breakdowns. PMID- 7234161 TI - [Osteologic characteristics of the craniofacial bones of the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus (Milne-Edwards, 1867), compared with facial bones of the Syrian golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus (Waterhouse, 1840), and those of the laboratory mouse, Mus musculus (Linne, 1758)]. PMID- 7234162 TI - [Simplified swimming test of the mouse. Brief report]. PMID- 7234163 TI - [Occurrence and distribution of virus infections in mice and rat strains of the German Federal Republic. Brief report]. PMID- 7234164 TI - Investigations into an antigen causing Tyzzer's disease in mice (Bacillus piliformis). PMID- 7234166 TI - [Determination of psychological stress in sea pilot based on urinary catecholamine excretion]. PMID- 7234165 TI - [Consequences of thymectomy in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) using weight and length measurements and differential blood cell count]. PMID- 7234167 TI - [Hygiene in mass catering establishments]. PMID- 7234168 TI - [Classification of persons professionally exposed to radiation into categories for the determination of the degree of protection]. PMID- 7234169 TI - [Morphology of airborne dust in the workplace of pipe foundry employees]. PMID- 7234170 TI - [Work accidents result in costs of over 30,000 million annually]. PMID- 7234171 TI - [Methods and informative value of lung function tests in occupational medicine]. PMID- 7234172 TI - [Ergonomic and occupational physiology problems of passenger train transportation under ground]. PMID- 7234173 TI - [Preventive examinations in workers exposed to heights]. PMID- 7234174 TI - [Anthropometric analysis and construction of a steering mechanism for crane cabins]. PMID- 7234175 TI - [Unusual complication after total gastrectomy]. PMID- 7234176 TI - [Telescopic phenomenon-an avoidable failure after fundoplication because of hiatal hernia]. PMID- 7234177 TI - [Abdominal trauma]. AB - Extent and seriousness of an abdominal trauma can be defined in 4 clinical stages. Clinical stage IV is characterized by acute bleeding to death caused by injuries of the aorta, V. cava, liver- or hepatic veins. Clinical stage III includes haemorrhage caused by liver or spleen injury. The haemorrhage of the liver which cannot be controlled surgically indicates hepatic artery ligation. In clinical stage II injuries of the duodenum, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract are predominant and necessitate diagnostic procedures. Symptoms of shock prevail in clinical stage I frequently, there are no organ injuries. The midline abdominal incision with possible extension to median sternotomy or right thoracotomy remains the optimal approach. PMID- 7234178 TI - [Impalement injuries; classification and problems of treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Impalement injuries have to be differentiated corresponding to their position and extension. Concerning frequency the perineal region dominates. Surgery should be done as early as possible to control lesions of abdominal and/or thoracic organs and to avoid wound infection. At present the mortality rate came down to app. 10%. PMID- 7234179 TI - [Tibial infectious pseudarthrosis. Treatment and results. Clinical study of 25 cases]. AB - Our follow-up results demonstrate that in the majority of cases the infected pseudarthrosis is the result of a primary, relatively unfavourable initial condition. Second and third grade, open comminuted fractures of the tibia are particularly endangered. Despite correct treatment the amputation rate came up to 10%. With a strict, long-term treatment plan which emphasizes sufficient stabilisation of the infected pseudarthrosis, however, it is possible to achieve relatively good results in about two thirds of all cases. This has been confirmed by the clinical as well as the functional results obtained. PMID- 7234180 TI - [Severe hand burns following careless treatment]. PMID- 7234183 TI - [Animal experiment studies on the use of the tissue gluten Ligament-Fimomed for injuries of the liver and spleen]. PMID- 7234182 TI - [Mortality rate in biliary surgery]. PMID- 7234181 TI - [Early gastric carcinoma; surgical problems (author's transl)]. AB - In the period from 1965 to 1979 63 patients suffering from early gastric cancer underwent resection, i.e. 7,4% of all resected cases of cancer of the stomach in our hospital. The 3 year survival rate came up to 80%, 5 years survival was 75%. The postoperative mortality rate was less than 5%, since 1975 no postoperative mortality. Distal resection was performed in 74%, gastrectomy in 11%, upper partial resection in 6%, gastrotomy in combination with polypectomy in 9%. PMID- 7234184 TI - [Surgery and medical ethics (author's transl)]. AB - The article deals with problems caused by the new biomedical technology and its consequences for the surgical profession. The psychological situation of the surgical in-patient is analysed, especially that of the seriously ill and the dying. Medical ethical principles are defined as what we ought to do in a given situation and what should not be done. Many details of our medical philosophy have now to be reconsidered. Life saving procedures are not designed to maintain life at all costs. All these problems, concerning curricula until now neglected, should be paid more attention. PMID- 7234185 TI - [Mechanical suturing apparatus in gastro-intestinal surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Mechanical sutures by stapled anastomoses represent a remarkable improvement in gastro-intestinal surgery. There are 3 types of stapling instruments: the G. I. A. for gastro-intestinal anastomosis, the E.E.A. a circular stapling apparatus for low colo-recto-anal, esophagojejunal or esophagocolic anastomoses, and the T. A. for everting closure and colonic anastomoses. These 3 types of apparatus have been used by the authors 402 times. Shortening of operating time, lessening of septic steps, high quality of the sutures and sinking risk of leakages allow postoperative mortality and morbidity to be diminished considerably. PMID- 7234186 TI - [Kock's continent ileostomy pouch (author's transl)]. AB - The Kock-pouch ileostomy is a great help for patients with ileostomy to establish continence for faeces. The operation should be performed exactly following the directions given by Kock. The necessity for the surgeon to follow up the patients for a long time is stressed. PMID- 7234188 TI - [Statistical methods in clinical surgery. I]. AB - In a survey benefits and aims of the application of statistical methods in clinical research are emphasized, including problems and frequent mistakes. Information is given about documentation, one- and twodimensional statistics, estimation of diagnostic validity and multivariate analyses. PMID- 7234187 TI - [Colorectal polyps - Diagnosis, classification, relation to carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - A growing incidence of colorectal polyps and carcinomas can be observed all over the world. Since 1 January 1978 the clinical-pathological appearance of colorectal polyps has been recorded at Erlangen. Endoscopy combined with histology is necessary for diagnosing them. Localization and histological classification of 2200 colorectal polyps are reported. The adenoma-carcinoma sequence is of paramount importance. Malignant areas can be demonstrated histologically in about 10% of all adenomas. PMID- 7234189 TI - [Early course in acute pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - In this retrospective study the prognostic significance of 5 laboratory parameters in a low and high range (LDH) greater than or equal to 450 and 600 U/l, calcium less than or equal to 2.2 and 2.0 mmol/l, bloodglucose greater than or equal to 160 and 240 mg/dl, creatinine greater than or equal to 1.5 and 2.0 mg/dl, BUN greater than or equal to 25 and 40 mg/dl) and the patient's age was determined in 298 cases at the first attack of acute pancreatitis. The laboratory parameters were determined on the day of admission. The results presented in this study allow 2 major conclusions: 1. both the low and the high range laboratory parameters are potent indices in predicting a high risk group of patients very early. 2. a higher specificity is achieved by these high range parameters. PMID- 7234190 TI - [Acute pancreatitis. Results of treatment with and without calcitonin (author's transl)]. AB - The role of Calcitonin as a secretory inhibition agent in the treatment of acute pancreatitis was studied by a randomized and prospective procedure. The recovery time of the main laboratory findings, the hospitalization duration, the complications and the mortality were not affected by Calcitonin. PMID- 7234191 TI - [Finsterer's subtotal gastrectomy--still an up-to-date surgical procedure? (author's transl)]. AB - Using the results of a retrospective study, Finsterer's subtotal gastrectomy for treating the so-called "non resectable" duodenal ulcer is discussed. Especially when the hepato-duodenal ligament is affected, the Finsterer operation can be regarded as a suitable up-to-date method. PMID- 7234192 TI - [Agenesis of the gallbladder. Case report]. PMID- 7234193 TI - [Duplication of the gallbladder]. PMID- 7234196 TI - [Application and usefulness of statistical methods in clinical surgery II]. PMID- 7234194 TI - [Modified contrapapillary gastroduodenostomy]. PMID- 7234195 TI - [Arthroscopy (author's transl)]. AB - Survey of medical problems of knee joint arthroscopy, its advantages and indications. Arthroscopy is important as a specialized medical procedure in those patients suffering from knee joint traumata or complaints due to overload. The procedure has a low morbidity. It's great objectiveness concerning diagnosis of knee joint lesions and results of therapy is remarkable. PMID- 7234198 TI - [Subluxatio antebrachii medialis]. PMID- 7234199 TI - [A new continence closure system for colostomy patients]. PMID- 7234200 TI - [Teflon CI/II plate (preliminary report)]. PMID- 7234202 TI - [Prenatal development of umbilical cord haematoma (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper is a case of prenatal development of umbilical cord haematoma which caused intra-uterine foetal death. The haematoma had been caused by rupture of a dilated umbilical vein. PMID- 7234201 TI - [Fibula-pro-tibia surgery in the treatment of infected pseudarthrosis of the tibia]. PMID- 7234197 TI - [Diagnosis and operative treatment of chondromalacia patellae by osteotomy and ventral or ventral and medial transposition of the tuberositas tibiae (Maquet/Bandi-procedure) (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical picture of chondromalacia patellae is outlined by the patellar syndrome. The diagnostic value of double contrast arthrography by tangential X ray (skyline-view)-technique of the femoro-patellar-joint is stressed. If conservative treatment is not satisfactory, osteotomy and ventral transposition of the tuberositas tibiae should be performed. When the patella and the extensor apparatus are dislocated laterally, it is necessary to displace the tuberositas in medial direction. From 1976 to 1980 159 patients have been treated this way. Follow-up study in 86 cases (1 to 5 years after operation) shows excellent and good results in a percentage of 77. PMID- 7234203 TI - [Frequency of breech presentation during pregnancy and on full term (author's transl)]. AB - The causes underlying the relationship between breech presentation and premature birth were studied, with reference to the premature birth discussion which has assumed sizeable dimensions in the obstetric community. -- An evaluation of 785 ultrasonographic findings from pregnant women has shown breech presentation to be just as frequent as vertex presentation up to the 24th week of pregnancy. The former, consequently, should be considered as physiological. The frequency of breech presentation was found to go down continuously only beyond the 24th week and to drop below five per cent, after the 35th week of pregnancy to reach eventually the figure usually recorded at birth. These observations were found to be in good agreement with what has been reported by other authors. -- The authors of this paper were struck by surprise, when they found that the breech presentation figure, in the context of 997 premature births, was, with high significance, below the level usually recordable from unimplanted pregnancy. -- The above findings are discussed in great detail. Preliminary suggestions are made regarding possible interpretations. Yet, further target-oriented studies are required. PMID- 7234204 TI - [Inversio uteri post partum (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper are four cases of puerperal inversio uteri which occurred within six months. Manual reposition was vaginally applied in two cases, whereas abdominal hysterectomy had to be performed on the other two. PMID- 7234205 TI - [Genital actinomycosis, following insertion of intra-uterine device (IUD) -- possibilities for prevention (author's transl)]. AB - Occurrence of actinomyces infection, following IUD insertion, was observed by the authors in two cases. A pathogenetic role has been positively ascribed to the IUD. In one case, actinomycosis was histologically confirmed on a surgically removed and accompanied by severe tuberculoid tissue reaction. In the second case, actinomyces colonies were recorded and identified from the IUD which had been removed for adnexitis. Good success was obtained by early medication. Prevention and early detection will be possible by vaginal smears prior to insertion of an IUD and with the latter in place, after some time, as well as by testing the IUD proper for actinomycosis, after its removal. PMID- 7234206 TI - [Various aspects of individual attitudes to irreversible contraception. Results of a survey]. PMID- 7234207 TI - [Morphological studies into pulmonary arterioles in pregnant rabbits with experimental hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Arterial hypertension was evoked in pregnant rabbits by daily applications of 2.5 microgram/kg/min of CIBA hypertensin, beginning on the 16th day of pregnancy. The animals were sacrificed on the 30th day of pregnancy. Pathological changes were histological recorded from their pulmonary arterioles, particularly those between 100 and 400 micron in outer diameter. They were vascular contraction, hyperplasia of exterior and central vascular layers, oedema, elastosis as well as fibrinous and hyaline proliferation. Non-pregnant rabbits, which had received the same dose of hypertensin, died on the third day from application. Their pulmonary arterioles were found to have undergone contraction. No vascular changes were recordable from clinically intact pregnant rabbits. PMID- 7234208 TI - [Intra-uterine foetal development and behaviour of circulating blood in pregnant rabbits with experimental hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - The isotope method with labelled albumin 131J was applied to pregnant rabbits with pharmacologically induced hypertension to study both the volume of circulating blood and intra-uterine development of the foetus. The volume of circulating blood as well as birth-weight and head-breech length of the foetus were all reduced with statistically secured significance in the experimental group by comparison with a control group. PMID- 7234209 TI - [Pregnancy in severe condition, following poliomyelitis (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper is a case of pregnancy, following severe poliomyelitis. Conclusions were drawn from this rare clinical picture, with reference being made to the course of pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium. PMID- 7234211 TI - [Excretion of ethinyloestradiol sulfonate in the human milk (author's transl)]. AB - The problem of ethinylestradiol sulphonate excretion in human milk was qualitatively and quantitatively studied. In two women 0.0012 or 0.03000 per cent of total radioactivity were detected within the first nine days from application. Parallel thin-layer chromatography revealed the occurrence of ethinyloestradiol sulphonate in both its depot form and as ethinylestradiol. PMID- 7234212 TI - [Congenital heart diseases and pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - The maternal foetal prognosis was studied on the basis of data which had been recorded from 56 pregnancies or deliveries of 46 women with congenital cardiac defects. Functional changes of circulation, such as hypoxia, pressure and volume overload, and conduction disorders, were assessed, with reference being made to the classification of the American Heart Association (AHA). In that context, the patients were repeatedly examined during pregnancy and followed up further through two years after delivery. --Maternal prognosis in pregnancy and, consequently, oxidation were found to depend on the kind of congenital heart disease. Reference is made to the favourable role played by cardiac surgery in preventing cardiac complications. Premature birth and retarded foetal development have occurred repeatedly, depending on severity of a congenital heart disease. Enzymological-histological tests are likely to suggest that such consequences were primarily attributable to strongly impaired placental energy production on account of inadequate haemodynamic conditions of the mother. --Proper prognostication of pregnancy will depend for high standards on adequate supervision of delivery, prophylactic use of caesarean section, individual assessment of any single case, and efficient teamwork of obstetricians and cardiologists. PMID- 7234210 TI - [Sodium, potassium and acid-base values of mother and newborn, following delivery by caesarean section under sombrevin (propanidid) anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - Acid-base and electrolyte values of 24 newborns delivered by caesarean section are reported in this paper. Anaesthesia had been introduced by sombrevin succinylcholine. No metabolic acidosis, which might have been attributable to sombrevin action, was recordable from any of the newborns. Acid-base values were normal, and somewhat increased potassium values returned to normal, soon. PMID- 7234213 TI - [Comparison between ketamine, propanidid, and etomidate in general anaesthesia for caesarean section (author's transl)]. AB - Propanidid, etomidate, and ketamine were compared for their effects on maternal acid-base balance and circulation as well as on postnatal general condition and acid-base balance of the newborn, on the basis of 44 women in advanced pregnancy to whom caesarean section was applied in general anaesthesia. The probands had not been deliberately selected beforehand. Results obtained from the three above anaesthetics were compared with one another as well as with parameters recorded from spontaneously delivered newborns without any medication. One of the anaesthetics produced sufficiently deep anaesthesia in all patients, and no signs of central depression were recordable from the newborns. The parameters of acid base balance, following propanidid and etomidate anaesthesia, revealed respiratory acidosis in the newborns immediately after delivery by caesarean section. Their pH values were lower than those recorded in the context of ketamine anaesthesia or spontaneous delivery without any medication. Both values returned to normal within 30 minutes from delivery. The one-minute and five minute Apgar scores were below those of spontaneous deliveries, at the beginning, but eventually reached normal levels. All the three anaesthetics were found to be suitable for introduction of general anaesthesia for caesarean section on account of high-rate enzymatic degradation and, consequently, absence of foetal depression. Resulting oxygen supply is higher, as compared to spontaneous delivery. Early indication and short-time introduction and delivery, thus possible, have often proved to be important to the newborn's condition. PMID- 7234214 TI - [Fertility following abortion, using Boero's method (author's transl)]. AB - Follow-up studies were conducted into the conditions of ten women whose pregnancies had been terminated by means of Boer's method, in the second trimenon. Two of them had lost any capability of conception. Another four conceived without problems. One was pregnant, following three years of treatment for sterility. Two subsequent pregnancies of another woman ended in spontaneous abortion. Two women remained sterile. PMID- 7234215 TI - [Incomplete form of testicular feminisation associated with asymmetrically impaired sensitivity to androgens (author's transl)]. AB - Described in this paper is a case of an incomplete form of testicular feminisation associated with asymmetrically impaired sensitivity to androgens. More strongly pronounced hair coverage was recordable from the entire left half of body and face. The breast was underdeveloped on the right. The genesis of the above deviations is discussed. PMID- 7234216 TI - [Modern aspects of aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of secondary amenorrhoea (author's transl)]. AB - Better understanding of underlying pathophysiological conditions as well as the availability of sensitive techniques for hormonal analysis have enabled more accurate differential diagnosis and more systematic treatment of the various forms of amenorrhoea. An account is given of the causes of secondary amenorrhoea, with particular reference being made to hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea. Proposals are made for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in practice. PMID- 7234219 TI - [Animal experiments with ligation of intestinal segments to study absorption of alpha-amino-iso-butyric acid by intestinal mucosa of foetus (author's transl)]. AB - The authors developed an animal model with ligation of intestinal segments of guinea pig foetuses. Evidence was found to the effect that amino acids were absorbed in high concentrations by foetal jejunum. A peculiar aspect, additionally detected, was relating to the capability of foetal intestinal mucosa to absorb large-molecular substances, such as inulin. PMID- 7234218 TI - [Diffuse adenosis of vaginal wall (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234217 TI - [Cytogenetic studies for detection of tumour strain lines of ovarian cancer cells (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper are cytogenetic studies into cell cultures of tumour material, ascites, and pleural effusion obtained from 15 cases of histologically secured ovarian carcinoma. Identification of tumour cell strain lines was the purpose of those studies. Hypodiploid to hypertetraploid chromosome counts were established. Clearly pronounced peaks were recordable between 43 and 65 chromosomes, while smaller peaks were additionally established between 85 and 92 chromosomes. Numerical chromosome deviations were relating primarily to the C group. Marker chromosomes were established from six of 15 tumours. Different strain lines of tumour cells were recorded from twelve of 15 ovarian tumours. The number of cell strain lines was found to be in good agreement in 60 per cent of all findings, as compared with the oncobiograms. PMID- 7234220 TI - [Free fat in amniotic fluid - a criterion for prenatal assessment of foetal maturity (author's transl)]. AB - Smears were made and stained with nile-blue sulphate following sedimentation of 235 amniotic fluid samples which had been obtained by amniocentesis. An assessment was made of the amount of free fat and of the various cell shapes involved. Free fat was found to occur in higher quantity in advanced pregnancy. These data were compared with postnatally estimated pregnancy age. The method proved to enable objective assessment of foetal maturity over the last weeks of pregnancy, and it seemed to be very useful in differentiating between hypotrophy and immaturity. PMID- 7234221 TI - [Prostaglandin levels in amniotic fluid during normal advanced pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Radio-immuno assay was used, following extraction and fractionation, to measure primary prostaglandins in the amniotic fluid of 88 women in advanced pregnancy under normal conditions. No change was recordable from prostaglandin fraction B + A, whereas exponential rises were determined over the last four to six weeks of pregnancy for prostaglandins F and E. Prostaglandin E levels went up from 100 pg/ml amniotic fluid, between the 29th and 34th weeks of pregnancy, to 380 pg/ml, between the 39th and 40th weeks, whereafter they remained constant. Prostaglandin F levels were between 70 pg/ml and 100 pg/ml and went up to 422 pg/ml, with a mean value as high as 494 pg/ml being measured in the 41st and 42nd weeks of pregnancy. The prostaglandin E/F quotient decreased close to full term, between the 39th and 42nd weeks of pregnancy, on account of steeper rise of prostaglandin F. Prostaglandin approached nanogram values, more pronouncedly characteristic of childbirth, few hours before onset of regular pains. PMID- 7234222 TI - [Action of nylidrin (Dilatol) on utero-placental blood supply (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of one single intravenous injection of 5 mg of nylidrin, following administration of 113m-indium, on utero-placental blood supply were studied in 23 women in advanced pregnancy, all of them afflicted with hypertension. Pulse rates over the placenta rose in 16 cases, primarily in patients from which prolonged half-life was measured. PMID- 7234223 TI - [Cardiovascular action of dipyridamole in advanced pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Quantitative sphygmometry was used to check the cardiovascular action of an intravenous injection of 30 mg of dipyridamole in ten women, between the 31st and 38th weeks of pregnancy. Circulation was intact in all of them, but there was suspicion of intra-uterine foetal retardation. Moderate decline in arterial mean blood pressure was paralleled over a short period of time by increase in heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output. Overall peripheral resistance dropped with significance and caused, with some probability, increase in uterine perfusion. Hence, dipyridamole proved suitable for intra-uterine reanimation. PMID- 7234224 TI - [Fertility after removal of intra-uterine device (author's transl)]. AB - A survey of cases was made in the context of an outpatient family planning scheme. Intra-uterine devices were removed from 874 women who had expressed interest in another pregnancy. The group of probands, in that context, comprised 701 women. The majority of the above probands turned pregnant in the first month from IUD removal. Ectopic pregnancies were recorded from two women only. Hysterosalpingography had to be applied to 22 women for secondary sterility. Seven of these turned pregnant. Ovulation was induced in eight of them, with good success in six cases. Abortion occurred to eight women, and another 23 had to be hospitalised for imminent abortion. The birth total was 741. The authors feel that an IUD has no lasting effect on fertility and that the latter will be restored immediately after IUD removal. PMID- 7234225 TI - [Prognosis of surgical therapy to cope with tubal sterility (author's transl)]. AB - Relative surgical success in the context of tubal occlusion was found to depend on the presence of ovarian fimbriae as well as on retained good functionality of the mucous membrane of the tube and the entire tubal wall. The results obtained from two different types of operations must not be mixed up. Surgical action does not seem to be indicated on a sactosalpinx with no mucous membrane. Surgical techniques and postoperative attention were found to be of minor relevance to therapeutic success. PMID- 7234226 TI - [Importance of electroconisation in diagnosis and therapy of precursory and early forms of cervical carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Conisation is the optional method by which to elucidate suspicious cytological findings. Diagnostic and therapeutic electroconisation is the subject of this paper. The report is based on 1,132 electroconisations. Histological tissue assessment was in no way impaired in more than 98 per cent of all cases. Anatomic results were excellent. The method is characterised by little effort and high speed. Histologically, lesioned tissue was removed from among "intact tissue area" in 71 per cent of all cases of carcinoma in situ and in 43 per cent of all cases of microcarcinoma. In many cases, electroconisation was chosen for definite therapy. PMID- 7234229 TI - [The significance of the EEG for the determination of the time for angiography and surgery in subarachnoid hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm]. PMID- 7234227 TI - [Indication for caesarean section for multiple pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Indications for caesarean section in 213 cases of multiple pregnancy were retrospectively analysed for a period between 1969 and 1980. The average rate of caesarean sections was 6.1 per cent, almost identical with that of monocyesis (5.9 per cent). Perinatal mortality, in particular that of the second twin, may be reduced by expanded indication for caesarean section to cope with malpresentation in cases of multiple pregnancy. Caesarean section is recommended as the primary approach to multiple pregnancy beyond the 34th week with three or more newborns. PMID- 7234228 TI - [Tubal factors as possible causes of sterility or infertility of primigravidae, following therapeutic abortion (author's transl)]. AB - A screening test was applied to 136 primigravidae, between six months and one year following therapeutic abortion, to check tubal patency, using pertubation, according to Semm. --The methodical errors involved were compared and checked by laparoscopy with chromopertubation. --Reference is made to effects of age at the time of abortion, week of pregnancy, and technique of abortion. --Complete tubal occlusion, as a secondary cause of secondary sterility in the wake of therapeutic abortion, was recorded from 2.96 per cent of the above primigravidae. The rate of tubal infertility (tubal abortion or extra-uterine gravidity) was not significantly increased beyond the figures of other patients (0.96 per cent of all primigravidae, following therapeutic abortion). --Derived from the above results are recommendations for techniques of abortion which should be used on primigravidae. PMID- 7234230 TI - [Electromyography and electroneurography in peripheral nerve lesions. Part I]. AB - First, the possible forms of the lesion of peripheral nerves are defined in the form of a survey: pressure damage (neurapraxia), axon interruption with maintained envelope structures (axonotmesis) and complete separation of the nerve (neurotmesis). From these, the various prognostic characteristics of a nerve lesion can be derived. An neurological examination is not sufficient for a thorough study of these phenomena. A particularly valuable aid is offered by the neuroelectrodiagnostic methods of electromyography and electroneurography. The technical fundamentals of these are briefly dealt with by the authors and indications are derived from them for the use of the two methods. In case of the open nerve lesion, the methods are used for a demonstration of intact nerve fibres, and, in the later phase, for the proof of returning spontaneous activity as well as the degree of the progress of a reinnervation. As far as chronic pressure damage is concerned, for example in bottle-necks, information regarding the seat and the degree of the nerve damage can be derived. And finally, EMG and ENG permit to make statements about the segmental height of radicular damage; this is necessary in case of plexus damage, but also for the demarcation of distal lesions. In the second part, the combination with the clinical practice and therapy will be dealt with in greater detail. PMID- 7234231 TI - [The function of the fluid compartment. Part I]. AB - Expansion of the cerebrospinal-fluid space is a new conception introduced in view of the fact that in the closed cranial cavity in case of an increase in cerebrospinal fluid the relation volume/pressure undergoes characteristic changes. The physical laws resulting from this have already been considered in the Monro-Kellie doctrine and concern the three main parts of the cranial cavity: brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and vessels. The capability of compensation, the compliance and the elasticity or elastantia of the cerebrospinal-fluid space can be measured on the basis of the dynamic changes proceeding in the space, the pressure/volume index (PVI) being a measure of the degree of filling of the intracranial space. PMID- 7234232 TI - [Cervical root avulsion in metrizamide myelography]. AB - Until now, the demonstration of cervical root pockets after root avulsion by means of the oily contrast medium Pantopaque has been considered to be the method of choice. Since Pantopaque usually cannot be completely tapped from the cerebrospinal fluid space and the authors have gained comprehensive and good experiences with the new water-soluble contrast medium Amipaque we have used this also for the demonstration of such empty root pockets. Technically, we have used the lateral cervical fluid space puncture between the first and the second cervical vertebra. The patient is placed in a lateral position, the pelvis slightly elevated and the head padded with a pillow. The cervical vertebral column is thus given a slightly lateral curvature, the root pockets from the deepest point, so that the contrast medium Metrizamide can run into them. Sometimes tomography is used. When treating a baby, the lateral cervical puncture was performed with the patient lying in a prone position, so that the root pockets could be demonstrated on both sides. PMID- 7234233 TI - Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of albendazole and its major metabolites after oral administration of albendazole as a suspension and as a paste formulation to sheep. PMID- 7234234 TI - [Cilia-inhibiting activity of different Mycoplasma hyorhinis strains compared to Acholeplasma and other Mycoplasma species in tracheal organ cultures]. PMID- 7234236 TI - [Peroxidase activity of tularemia bacteria]. PMID- 7234235 TI - Parasitic aortopathy in cattle of Northern Iraq. PMID- 7234238 TI - [Study of types of staphylococci isolated from cow udder secretions]. PMID- 7234237 TI - [Immunologic roles of K- and O-antibodies in chronic typhoid carrier states]. PMID- 7234239 TI - [Role of humoral antibodies in immunity to coccidioidosis]. PMID- 7234241 TI - [Leninist stage in the development of epidemiology]. PMID- 7234242 TI - [Diagnosis of epidemic gastroenteritis]. AB - Epidemic gastroenteritis is a rather widespread disease, though as yet little known to medical practitioners. Its diagnosis is base on the correct evaluation of the complex of characteristics, both clinical and epidemiological; clinical characteristics include typical gastroenteritis with normal or subfebrile temperature, loud rumbling and the sounds of flowing liquid in the bowels, as well as slight catarrhal phenomena with peculiar granular formations on the surface of the mucous membrane of the soft palate and the arches; epidemiological characteristics include the non-explosive, diffuse character of morbidity, the absence of definite regularity in the occurrence of the disease among different age groups, increased morbidity among medical personnel an public service workers, the seasonal character of the infection (winter and spring), the absence of any influence of the factors commonly contributing to the mass spread of enteric diseases on the morbidity level, as well as the negative results of numerous bacteriological (virological) investigations made with the aim of isolating the known causative agents of enteric infections. PMID- 7234240 TI - [Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from patients. I. Biological properties and biotyping of the strains]. AB - A total of 403 coagulase- and DNAase-negative staphylococcal strains isolated from patients with conjunctivitis, urological diseases, purulent inflammatory processes, septicemia, infected traumas, pyodermia were investigated in 18 biological tests. In a vast majority of cases the absence of correlation between the individual biological characteristics of the strains was revealed. The identification of S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus, carried out by Akatov et al. in accordance with the schemes of the International Subcommittee, Digranes and Oeding, allowed to determine the species the organisms under test belonged to in 26%, 38% and 64% of the strains, respectively. Most of the identified strains belonged to S. epidermidis. Their biological typing by the methods of Baird Parker and Akatov-Khatenever allowed the biotype to be determined in 79% and 69% of the cultures. Strains belonging to biotype 1 according to Baird-Peter were most frequently isolated in conjunctivitis, purulent processes and pyodermia, while strains belonging to biotype 2 according to Akatov-Khatenever were prevalent in urological diseases. PMID- 7234243 TI - [Risk of meningococcal infection in children with different hla phenotypes]. AB - A total of 104 children aged 4 months to 13 years with meningococcal infection were examined. For control 600 healthy donors were used. Histocompatibility antigens were determined by the lymphotoxic test. Altogether 36 antigens of the loci, A, B and C were determined. The data thus obtained indicate that the risk of contacting the infection is 6 times greater for persons with Hl A-Bw16 phenotype and 3 times greater for persons with HL A-A12 phenotype than for persons with Hl A-A1 phenotype. PMID- 7234244 TI - [Experimental basis for associated subcutaneous jet injection immunization against plague and smallpox]. AB - Experiments in guinea-pigs have indicated that combined immunization with the mixture of live plague and smallpox vaccines introduced subcutaneously by means of a jet injector are safe and faintly reactogenic. Highly intense immunity, as revealed by serological shifts and by the degree of protection of the vaccinated animals challenge with the virulent cultures of the corresponding infective agents, allows the recommendation that combined subcutaneous immunization against plague and smallpox by means of a jet injector be further studied on humans. PMID- 7234245 TI - [Safety, antigenic activity, and epidemiologic effectiveness of live mumps vaccine from strain Leningrad-3. I. Reactogenic, allergenic and mutagenic properties of the vaccine and its effect on the body's resistance to intercurrent diseases]. AB - The influence of 3 batches of live parotitis vaccine from strain L-3 on the organism of 2,536 vaccinated children of preschool and junior school age was studied. The injection of this preparation was shown to induce weak and moderate systemic reactions on the average in 0.8% of the children and local hyperemia of the skin in 7.8% of the children during the first 2-4 days. No severe reactions and complications were observed. Parotitis vaccine induced the weak specific and nonspecific allergic transformation of the organism, did not significantly increase the frequency of aberrant metaphases in the lymphocyte culture, did not essentially influence the frequency of intercurrent diseases at the proximate (21 days) and remote (1 year) periods after immunization, did not suppress the intensity of postvaccinal immunity to pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. Though various batches of the vaccine showed no sharp differences in their influence on the organism, nevertheless postvaccinal reactions were found to be more frequent, and intercurrent diseases occurred more rarely in the children immunized with the batch containing 20,000 HADU50. PMID- 7234246 TI - [Role of climatic and geophysical environmental factors in synchronizing seasonal variations in the activity of body's nonspecific mechanisms of defense against infection]. AB - The method of multifactor dispersion analysis was used to reveal that the synchronizing effect resulting from the action of the complex of climatic and geophysical environmental factors (day length, barometric pressure, magnetic field perturbations) on the non-specific mechanisms of protection from infections during the year exceeded the results obtained by the mere summation of the influences contributed by each factor. Therefore, the seasonal fluctuations in the functions of the nonspecific resistance of the body against infection were due to the synchronizing action of the complex of geophysical factors changing with the seasons. PMID- 7234247 TI - [Characteristics of preparations of typhoid antigens obtained by ultrafiltration]. AB - The properties of the preparations of the total typhoid antigens isolated by various methods, purified and concentrated by ultrafiltrations, were studied, and the technique of the preservation of their high solubility on drying (the neutralization and removal of disperse components prior to drying) was developed. Preparations obtained by ultracentrifugation were characterized by lower ash content and, when compared with alcohol tryptic preparations, had better antigenic properties, inducing the synthesis of not only O- and Vi-, but also H antibodies in high titers. PMID- 7234248 TI - [Use of suppositories for rectal immunization]. PMID- 7234249 TI - [Experimental study of the possibility of passage of staphylococcal toxoid from mother to fetus]. AB - After the immunization of pregnant rats with purified adsorbed staphylococcal toxoid the antigen could be detected 2-48 hours later in the parenchymatous organs (the liver, the spleen), but not in the blood serum and the amniotic fluid. The rats immunized at an early period of pregnancy showed the presence of the antigen in their placenta and fetuses, while after the immunization at a late period of pregnancy the antigen could be only seldom detected in the placenta and practically never in the fetuses. There are grounds to believe that staphylococcal toxoid does not pass from the mother to the fetus through the completely formed placenta. PMID- 7234251 TI - [Mental disorders in chronic manganese poisoning]. PMID- 7234250 TI - [Diagnostic significance of disruptions in physiologic rhythms in drug addictions]. AB - The paper describes clinical signs in dyschronosis, appearing during the development of toxicomania (alcoholism), the consideration of which enhances the significance of diagnosis at the initial stages of the disease. The study demonstrates a temporary shift and discoordination of emotional sphere functions, general psychophysical tone, sleep, appetite and thirst. The possibility of detecting specific for toxicomania circadian changes during clinico chronobiological studies is discussed. Such studies can promote not only diagnosis but also an understanding of the pathogenesis of drug dependence. PMID- 7234252 TI - [Effect of anticholinesterases on acetylcholinesterase distribution in the human and animal brain (cytochemical study)]. AB - With the use of quantitative histochemistry and cytochemistry methods the localization of acetylcholinesterase in the brain of man and animals in cases of acute poisoning with organophosphorus compounds was studied. In the brain of animals poisoned with chlorophos the activity of the enzyme, according to cytophotometric findings, dropped 2 or 3 times, this drop being more pronounced in the neuropile. In the human brain, the drop of the acetylcholinesterase activity caused by organophosphorus compounds was the most pronounced in the neuropile and the neurons of the cortex, caudate nucleus and hypothalamus. The cytochemical examinations of the enzyme in the cases of poisoning showed absence of the sediment on the basal membrane of the capillaries and the membranes of the nervous fibres and synapses. However, acetylcholinesterase was found to remain active in some neurons at the nuclear membrane and in the endoplasmic reticulum (presence of the sediment in the form of individual granules or discrete zones). Probability of the acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition mainly in the outer (in relation to the neuron) barrier systems and possibility of reparative processes in the neurons are discussed. PMID- 7234253 TI - [Role of the neurologist-consultant in other areas of medicine]. PMID- 7234254 TI - [Clinical picture of transitional forms between multiple and diffuse sclerosis]. AB - A female patient is described in whom the disease clinical picture, as regards the localization of the multiple lesions in the nervous system (optic nerves, pyramid and cerebellar paths), the undulatory course of the process, and the characteristic manifestations (epileptic seizures, intellect derangement) combined symptoms of both disseminated and diffuse sclerosis. This allowed the author to think that this patient had a transitional form between the disseminated and diffuse sclerosis. PMID- 7234255 TI - [ABO system blood group ratios in patients with neuroinfections]. AB - The distribution of the ABO blood groups in 2009 patients including 1441 ones suffering from etiologically diverse neuroinfections was studied. Certain correlations between the nosological forms and groups of the diseases on the one hand, and the blood factors on the other are demonstrated. The data obtained point to a certain role of hereditary predisposition in the genesis of the neuroinfections. This predisposition predetermines the risk of the illnesses and the gravity of their course, the fact, which is of a practical importance for the clinician. PMID- 7234257 TI - [Comparative characteristics of encephalitis with hyperkinetic syndromes]. AB - On the basis of analyzing the clinical and laboratory (electro- and pneumoencephalographic data, results of immunological and psychological tests) findings in 27 patients suffering from encephalitis of various etiology accompanied with the hyperkinetic syndrome, criteria for diagnostic differentiation of tick-borne and other forms of encephalitis are offered. The results obtained allow one to distinguish with sufficient confidence between chronic tick-borne encephalitis and encephalitis of other etiology. The criteria being offered can be used for deciding on the treatment scheme and for forecasting the disease outcome. PMID- 7234256 TI - [Electroencephalography, rheoencephalography, and echoencephalography in children with different forms of mumps]. AB - A comprehensive examination of children aged one to 12 years suffering from epidemic parotitis (mumps) was carried out. Changes on the electro-, rheo-, and echoencephalograms were revealed, these changes depending on the form (glandular or glandular-nervous) and the period of the disease. The most pronounced disturbances were noted in the acute period of the disease in children with the glandular-nervous form of parotitis. As the children recovered the EEG, REG and echo-EEG findings in most of them still remained abnormal. This shows that the epidemic parotitis virus affects the nervous system. PMID- 7234258 TI - [Clinico-virologic analysis of the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis in the Khabarovskh region]. AB - In the Soviet Union the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis is the highest in the geographical and epidemiological region adjacent to the Amur River (zone of coniferous and broad-leaved forests). 60.43% of all cases fall on years of cyclic rise of the disease incidence. Strains of the tick-borne encephalitis virus can be isolated with a more significant frequency from the blood of encephalitis-sick patients and from the brain of the dead in the years of disease outbreaks. PMID- 7234259 TI - [Neurologic syndromes in patients with influenza and other viral infections]. AB - The authors show that in the Ukrainian SSR, the viral diseases of the nervous system are associated primarily with influenza, epidemic parotitis, enteroviral infections, and less frequently with parainfluenza, adenoviral infections and their combinations. These nervous diseases manifested themselves as meningeal and meningoencephalic syndromes, serous meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, encephalomyelitis, mono- and polyradiculoneuritis. The character of the regression of the morbid manifestations depended on the gravity and the type of the nervous system affections, time of the institution and the completeness of the etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy. PMID- 7234260 TI - [Clinical picture and pathogenesis of generalized forms of herpes zoster]. AB - Clinical examination of 83 patients with generalized herpes zoster has given the authors grounds to regard this disease as a result of activation of latent varicella-zoster virus. This assumption was confirmed by the results of indirect hemagglutination inhibition tests with 37 serum specimens taken from 18 patients. Treatment with antibiotics, the drug proper-myl, and by dehydration was the more effective, the earlier the patients were admitted to the clinic. Dehydration, proper-myl and combination of chloramphenicol with dehydration produced a more beneficial effect than the antibiotic alone. Five patients died. Problems of pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 7234262 TI - [Cerebral electrical activity of children with serous meningitis]. AB - A correlation analysis of EEGs in children 4 to 7 years of age suffering from serous meningitis revealed certain distinctions in the spatial organization of their brain biopotentials, as compared with that observed in healthy children of the same age. In the acute period of the disease the spatial synchronization of the biopotentials of the left hemisphere, especially, of the frontal and subparietal associative zones, is lowered. As the patient recovers the intercentral correlations between the right hemisphere biopotential improve. It is suggested that the right hemisphere plays a certain role in the compensation processes in the serous meningitis. PMID- 7234263 TI - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of the Mills syndrome]. AB - Three clinical observations of patients with Mills' syndrome are presented. The clinical peculiarity of the syndrome and the specificity of the pathological process localization in the brain revealed on pneumoencephalographic examination are stressed. The atrophic process in the fronto-parietal parasaggital divisions of the cerebral cortex is regarded as a morphological substrate of the syndrome. A conclusion on the vagueness of the process character and prematurity of the pathogenetic correlations is drawn. Nosological independence of the pathology is not improbable. PMID- 7234261 TI - [Role of the vascular factor in the clinical picture and pathologic anatomy of chronic spinal leptopachymeningitis of tuberculous etiology]. AB - Under observation there were 16 patients with chronic leptopachymeningitis of tuberculous etiology. The disease got complicated with ischemic disturbance of the spinal circulation which developed acutely in 5, and chronically in 14 patients. The clinical manifestations corresponded to the level of the ischemic lesion in the spinal cord and the disease course. Isotopic myelography revealed a complete blocking of the subarachnoidal space. In the cerebrospinal fluid a relative protein-cell dissociation was observed. Pathomorphological examinations of the spinal cord revealed in 5 cases an ischemic decay of the cord and formation of cavities at the level of lymphoid infiltrations to the meninges or of vascular affections. PMID- 7234264 TI - [Certain possibilities for ultrasonic methods in the evaluation of the status of the venous component of cerebral hemodynamics (clinico-experimental study)]. AB - Results of clinical and experimental studies of the venous cerebral circulation using a set of non-invasive and economic ultrasonic methods (echo encephalography, echo-pulsography, dopplerography and combined ultrasonic scanning of the neck) are presented. The studies were carried out both on humans and animals. As a total, 15 animals and 69 humans with signs of venous dyscirculation were examined. Data allowing one to judge about the side and degree of the disturbances of the venous cerebral hemodynamics were obtained. PMID- 7234265 TI - [Correlation analysis of coagulogram indices in stroke]. AB - With the use of a "Minsk-32" computer correlations between expanded coagulograms taken from 850 patients with ischemic cerebral stroke and 146 patients with cerebral hemorrhage were analyzed. The statistical parameters of the coagulograms and the matrices of their pair correlation quotients were calculated separately in three groups of patients, i. e. under 45, 45 to 59 and 60 years of the age and older. It was found that it was the plasma tolerance of heparin, in combination with the plasma recalcification time, the fibrinogen content, the fibrinolytic activity and the thrombotest that were the most reliable tests for evaluating the hemocoagulation status and its changes in the process of anticoagulant and hemostatic therapy of the stroke. The correlations between the coagulogram parameters varied depending on the stroke type and the patients' age. This should be taken into consideration while instituting individualized therapy. PMID- 7234266 TI - [Histocompatibility antigens in multiple sclerosis patients]. AB - Studies of histocompatibility antigens in 25 patients, Russians by nationality, suffering from multiple sclerosis showed that antigens HLA-B7 were found in them more frequently than in healthy subjects. Also prevalence of antigens A2 and A3 was noted in the patients, each antigen being prevalent depending on the process type. Antigen A2 was prevailing in patients with a relatively benign process, while antigen A3 was predominant in patients with a rapidly progressing disease that led to grave affections of the nervous system. PMID- 7234267 TI - [Cerebrovascular disorders in alcoholics (clinico-morphologic study)]. AB - Under examination there were alcoholics aged 25 to 45 years, 44 of whom later died. At lifetime the addicts showed various clinical syndromes of acute vascular disorders, such as, hemorrhages to the brain matter, subarachnoidal hemorrhages, subdural hematomas, general disturbances of the cerebral circulation, as well as alcoholic cardiopathies. On postmortem examination both acute and chronic vascular disorders were revealed. The acute disorders manifested themselves in a pronounced plethora of the brain, the meninges and the internal organs; disturbances of the vascular wall permeability, and hemorrhages (large and small) to the brain, the subarachnoidal and subdural space and to the internal organs. In chronic vascular disorders, cerebrovascular fibrosis and atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels, the aorta and the coronary arteries as well as residua of large and small hemorrhages sustained were recorded. PMID- 7234268 TI - [Clinical pathomorphosis of alcoholic psychoses according to the results of an epidemiologic study]. AB - In order to detect the pathomorphosis of alcoholic psychoses appearing in recent years, 2 populations of patients were analysed: a population detected in 1946- 1960 and 1961--1970. The structure of initial psychotic states and the syndromological conditions of the recent population is characterized by a reduction of chronic syndromological forms and an increase in the amount of acute psychotic states. In transient and partially relapsing psychoses, there is an increase of cases with acute verbal hallucinations and reduction of delirious forms. In mixed and continuous psychoses, there is a drop in the amount of paranoial syndromes with overvalued and delusional ideas of jealousy. In the prevalence of different types of alcoholic psychoses, a statistically significant increase is seen only in transient forms. PMID- 7234269 TI - [Analysis of cases of alcoholism with protracted remissions]. PMID- 7234270 TI - [Papillary pattern of male chronic alcoholics]. AB - Dermatoglyphics was studied in 90 males suffering from chronic alcoholism to show a significant variability in the complex of dermatoglyphic indices, depending upon the clinical signs of the disease (differences in the degree of the disease progression, the presence of alcoholic psychoses, hereditary aggravation by alcoholism). All the male alcoholics showed a drop in the ridge density on the terminal phalanx of the fingers, compared to that of the control group. This phenomenon is of certain interest from the standpoint of diagnostic and prognostic significance and should be studied more thoroughly to have a deeper insight into its nature. PMID- 7234271 TI - Effect of carotid endarterectomy on the antihypertensive properties of the carotid sinus reflex. AB - In eight patients subjected to carotid reconstructive surgery, the reflex effect on systemic pressure of an increase in carotid sinus transmural pressure was studied, before and two months after endarterectomy. The increase in carotid sinus transmural pressure was obtained by applying subatmospheric pressure to the neck. It was found that the closed loop gain of the carotid sinus reflex, calculated as the ratio of change in systemic pressure to change in carotid sinus transmural pressure, was 0.53 before and 0.52 two months after endarterectomy. It is thus concluded that carotid endarterectomy has no persisting effect on the antihypertensive properties of the carotid sinus reflex. PMID- 7234273 TI - Vascular trauma induced by clamping- correlation between surface ultrastructure and fibrinolytic activity. AB - The effects of application of a vascular clamp for 30 sec were studied on the femoral vessels in rats. Control and injured vessel segments were studied with scanning electron microscopy and with a histochemical method to estimate the fibrinolytic activity in the vessel walls. Endothelial injury with loss of endothelial cells was induced by application of the clamp. This was correlated to a reduction of the fibrinolytic activity in the vessel wall. In arteries re endothelialization was seen three weeks after induction of the trauma, and it was completed after eight weeks. Venous lesions healed earlier. The re endothelialization was followed by a return to normal fibrinolytic activity. PMID- 7234272 TI - Complications of aortofemoral graft reconstructions. AB - A retrospective study of 162 patients with synthetic aortofemoral grafts was made. The total number of distal femoral anastomoses was 309. The indication for reconstruction was chronic occlusive arterial disease. Early mortality rate was 3.1%. There were only three primary thromboses. The incidence of deep infection was 1.2%. False aneurysms occurred in 12 distal anastomoses, a frequency of 3.9%. The mean time of occurrence of pseudoaneurysms was 4.6 years after surgery. No single etiologic factor responsible for false aneurysm formation was found. Considering the low complication rate, aortofemoral grafting can be regarded as suitable for extended reconstruction. PMID- 7234274 TI - Local antibiotic irrigation in the treatment of arterial graft infections. AB - A retrospective study was made of 7 patients with infected vascular grafts treated by local debridement, drainage and continuous antibiotic irrigation in combination with systemic antibiotics. The long-term results were excellent in 4 patients in whom infection had occurred along Dacron grafts without involvement of anastomoses but involved a risk of rebleeding. Some general principles in the management of patients with infected vascular grafts are suggested. PMID- 7234275 TI - Liver affection correlated to low antibody titres against Yersinia enterocolitica. A statistical analysis. AB - I have previously suggested that Yersinia enterocolitica may cause a chronic liver affection. The aim of the present study has been to provide a statistical support for this hypothesis. During a one-year period, 62 consecutive patients admitted to our department, clinically presenting with conditions often associated with Y.ent. infection, were examined for Y.ent. antibody titre and serum concentrations of bilirubin and the enzymes ASAT, LD and AP. The statistical analysis showed that Y.ent. antibody titres (in range negative to 320) were significantly correlated (p = 0.01) to serum bilirubin concentrations. The microorganism Yersinia enterocolitica should hence be considered as possible aetiological agent in cases of hepatic affection. PMID- 7234276 TI - Ultrasonography of the gallbladder. Investigation of the nonvisualized gallbladder at oral cholecystography. AB - One hundred and one patients with nonvisualized gallbladder at double dose oral cholecystography were examined with ultrasonography. In 41 of 44 operated patients, ultrasonography suggested gallbladder disease. Operation in all of these cases confirmed the diagnosis. In three of the patients with cholelithiasis operation revealed in addition gallbladder carcinoma. In three patients, in which ultrasonography demonstrated normal appearance of the gallbladder surgery revealed chronic cholecystitis and stone impacted in the cystic duct. The diagnostic value of ultrasonography as complementary method for evaluation of gallbladder disease, particularly in cases of nonvisualization of the gallbladder at ultrasonography is stressed. The high incidence of gallbladder carcinoma in the present material in patients with cholelithiasis point to the fact that this group of patients should be the subject for careful investigation. PMID- 7234277 TI - The phrenic syndrome in salpingitis ("acute perihepatitis") explained by absorption of exudates from the peritoneal cavity through the diaphragm. AB - Referring to a recent report given in Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica of 14 cases of acute perihepatitis in young females with genital inflammation, the pathogenesis of which was claimed unknown, a recapitulation is given of previously published investigations on the clinical significance of the absorption of exudates and particulate matters from the peritoneal cavity in man through the lymphatics of the diaphragm. The pathogenesis of metastases in the supraclavicular nodes (Virchow) and of ascites in peritoneal carcinomatosis is mentioned. PMID- 7234278 TI - Scintigraphic investigation of bilio-intestinal anastomoses using 99mTc-(2,6 diethylacetanilide)-iminodiacetic acid (99Tc-HIDA). AB - Hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed in 30 normals and 22 patients who had a bilio-intestinal anastomosis. The patient group included 12 without symptoms and 10 with upper abdominal symptoms. All the anastomoses studied were visualized and persisting dilatation of the bile ducts was recognized in 10/12 and 7/10, respectively. Mean time for bile duct and gut visualization was significantly lower in normals as compared with both patient groups. There were no differences of any statistical significance between the two patient groups. One patient with clinical suspicion of bile leakage from the anastomosis was confirmed. Patients with stricture of the anastomosis did not have characteristics which would distinguish them from patients in well-being. It is concluded that 99mTc-HIDA scintigraphy has a low sensitivity when used to disclose the causes of symptom giving malfunction of bilio-intestinal anastomoses. The exception to this is patients with bile leakage into the peritoneal cavity, in whom scintigraphy is the only non-invasive method which can reveal the condition. PMID- 7234279 TI - Continent ileostomy. An account of 314 patients. AB - Continent ileostomies were created in 314 patients between 1967-1979. Approximately 50% of the patients were provided with the continent ileostomy in connection with proctocolectomy and the others were converted from a conventional ileostomy to the continent ileostomy. In the majority of patients the indication for proctocolectomy was ulcerative colitis, but 51 patients with Crohn's disease were also included. There was 2.5% operative mortality overall, but when the material was divided into two groups operated upon during two consecutive time periods, no mortality was recorded in 152 patients operated upon during the latter period. The non-fatal complication rate had also decreased from 24% in the early series to 7% in the group operated upon during the latter period. Revisional surgery because of malfunction of the nipple valve has consecutively decreased with the present technique for construction of the nipple from 54% in the original series to 6%. At the follow up, 94% of the patients were continent and never used ileostomy appliances. PMID- 7234281 TI - Necrosis of ureter as a complication to chemical lumbar sympathectomy. Report of a case. AB - After right-sided chemical lumbar sympathectomy with alcohol, necrosis of the right ureter developed, necessitating nephrectomy. X-ray control ad been used to control the correct placement of the needle at the time the injection was made. PMID- 7234282 TI - Relationship between anion gap and immunoglobulins in patients without myeloma. PMID- 7234283 TI - Electroencephalographic observations in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) treated with almitrine, a new respiratory analeptic agent. PMID- 7234284 TI - Triamterene-induced pancytopenia in idiopathic haemochromatosis. PMID- 7234280 TI - Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: Report of a case. AB - A case of focal nodular hyperplasia is presented. Histological, radiological and radioisotope scanning findings are presented and discussed. Because of the benign nature of this lesion major surgery is seldom indicated. PMID- 7234285 TI - [Persistent cirrhotic hydrothorax despite Leveen shunt]. PMID- 7234286 TI - Treatment of maternal hyperthyroidism with antithyroid agents and changes in thyrotrophin and thyroxine in the newborn. AB - Eleven pregnant women with concomitant hyperthyroidism were treated with antithyroid drugs. At monthly intervals serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured with radioimmunoassay, the Sephadex uptake of radioactive triiodothyronine (T3U) determined the free T4 and T3 indices calculated (FT4I, FT3I). TSH-binding inhibiting immunoglobulins (TBII) were determined by the radiomembrane assay. Serum TSH and T4 were measured at delivery from cord blood and/or from the newborn infants some days after birth. Serum TSH was significantly elevated in one infant. There was an inadequate post-partal rise in serum T4 concentration in this child and in another who showed only a marginal elevation of TSH. The mothers of these infants were given carbimazole in doses of 30 and 25 mg/day, respectively, at the time of delivery. No significant changes were seen in other infants, the daily doses being 20 mg of carbimazole or less. There was no clinical indication of hypo- or hyperthyroidism in any of the newborn. The TBII were positive in most patients and there was a trend of normalization during treatment. No relationship between the dose of antithyroid drug and the level of TBII could be seen. During treatment the dose was adjusted according to the FT3I values. This seems to be an adequate laboratory test for this purpose. PMID- 7234287 TI - A radioimmunoassay of serum 3,5-diiodothyronine. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for serum 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) was developed using small Sephadex G 25 (fine) columns. Prior to the RIA an alcohol extraction of 3,5-T2 from serum and an evaporation of the extract was performed. The recovery of 3,5-T2 added to serum was in mean (plus or minus SEM) 101 plus or minus 11%. The lower detection limit was 0.012 pmol/column corresponding to 14 pmol/l using 3 ml serum. Due to a 5% cross-reaction of 3,5-T2 antibody with 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) individual correction for T3 present in serum was necessary. Serum 3,5-T2 levels in 52 euthyroid controls were (mean plus or minus SD) 105 plus or minus 51 pmol/l. Serum levels were higher in men (125 plus or minus 56 pmol/l. Serum levels were higher in men (125 plus or minus 56 pmol/l) than in women (84 plus or minus 34 pmol/l, P less than 0.005). In 17 hyperthyroid subjects serum 3,5-T2 levels were elevated (232 plus or minus 187 pmol/l, P less than 0.005). In hypothyroid patients and patients with non-toxic goitre serum 3,5 T2 levels did not differ significantly from control values, whereas 8 patients with liver cirrhosis had severely reduced serum 3,5-T2 concentrations (20 plus or minus 23 pmol/l, P less than 0.001). PMID- 7234289 TI - Force development and metabolism in skeletal muscle of euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. AB - The effects of thyroid hormone depletion on skeletal muscle metabolism in relation to force development were studied. For this purpose, the triceps surae muscles were perfused and stimulated at 5 Hz. The basal oxygen consumption of the skeletal muscle preparation was 50% lower in hypothyroid rats as compared with euthyroid rats. The results show that: 1. Active force development was the same in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats during 30 min of stimulation. 2. The increase in oxygen consumption during contraction was twice as high in the euthyroid group compared with the hypothyroid group. 3. Lactate release and glucose consumption were considerably high in the euthyroid group than in the hypothyroid group during the last 15 min of stimulation. The data show that force development is not impaired in hypothyroid rats but, on the contrary, indicate that the contraction process proceeds more economically in hypothyroid rats than in euthyroid rats. PMID- 7234288 TI - Further evidence of the dual role of noradrenaline in regulation of thyrotrophin secretion in male rats. AB - The dual role previously suggested for noradrenergic neurons in TRH-TSH regulation was studied in male rats. Alpha-Methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha MPT) significantly decreased brain noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) levels 0.5-6 h after the injection. Maximum inhibition of TSH cold-response occurred at 4 h. One h after administration of L-dopa the brain DA (but not NA) level was considerably elevated. TSH cold-response was not significantly changed. The effects of alpha MPT and Ca-fusarate on the cold-induced TSH secretion were antagonized by neither dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS; this drug restores NA stores) nor by L-dopa (which restores DA levels). DOPS even potentiated the depressive effect of alpha MPT and Ca-fusarate. When given into the third ventricle, NA did not modify basal TSH levels but decreased the cold-induced TSH secretion. When infused directly into the median eminence of the medial basal hypothalamus, NA reduced both basal and cold-induced TSH secretion. Pinealectomy decreased the TSH cold-response but NA seemed to retain its ability to inhibit TSH secretion. These results demonstrate that besides the possible stimulatory action on TSH secretion, noradrenergic neurons also have an inhibitory effect outside the blood-brain barrier, possibly in the median eminence. PMID- 7234290 TI - The disappearance of L-thyroxine and triiodothyronine from plasma and red and white skeletal muscle after administration of one sc dose of L-thyroxine to hyperthyroid and euthyroid rats. AB - Rats were made hyperthyroid by repeated sc injections of L-thyroxine (T4) in a two-week period. At several time-points after the last injection, the triiodothyronine (T3) and T4 concentrations in plasma and red and white skeletal muscle were determined by a radioimmunoassay. This was done to investigate the relationship between the change in thyroid-hormone concentration in plasma and muscle and to see whether this change was similar in both muscle types. The results show that: 1. Information about the T3 and T4 concentrations in the muscles of the hyperthyroid rats can only be obtained by direct measurement in the muscles and cannot be gathered from the plasma-T3 concentration at any time point or from below-normal plasma-T4 concentrations. 2. In hyperthyroid rats T4 and T3 are cleared more rapidly from the plasma than from the skeletal muscle. 3. A proportionally higher T3 concentrations is present in the red compared with the white skeletal muscle of hyperthyroid rats. PMID- 7234291 TI - Radioimmunoassay for 4-hydroxyoestrone in human urine. AB - Under the protection of ascorbic acid a 4-hydroxyoestrone-bovine serum albumin conjugate was prepared containing intact 4-hydroxyoestrone as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using this antigen, antibodies with high affinity and specificity for 4-hydroxyoestrone were raised in rabbits. An assay procedure for the determination of 4-hydroxyoestrone in human urine and the assessment of its reliability are described. The following urinary excretion rates were found: male children 0.29 microgram/24 h, men (less than 50 microgram/24 h, men (20-40 years) 1.6 microgram/24 h, men (less than 50 years) 1.8 microgram/24 h, women, follic, 2.0 microgram/24 h, pre-ov. 5.3 microgram/24 h, luteal 2.4 microgram/24 h, women, pregnant, first trim. 30.0 microgram/24 h, second trim. 64.0 microgram/24 h, third trim. 48.0 microgram/24 h, women, post men. 1.5 microgram/24 h. Thus the amounts of 4-hydroxyoestrone excreted in human urine are about 1/3 to 1/10 of those of 2-hydroxyoestrone. During the menstrual cycle the excretion rates of 4-hydroxyoestrone are in the same order of magnitude as those of oestradiol and show a clear-cut pre-ovulatory peak. PMID- 7234292 TI - [Bone Marrow CFU-C in aplastic anemia: comparative study with hematological and clinical parameters (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234293 TI - [On an animal model of aplastic anemia induced by busulfan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234294 TI - [Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I. Report of pair of siblings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234295 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic studies of the microvascular architecture of the rat thymus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234297 TI - [Studies on the combination of pyoderma gangrenosum and monoclonal gammopathies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234296 TI - [Cytotoxic activity of fresh rabbit serum (complement) against various cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines and its removal (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234299 TI - [Study on the Bence Jones protein--molecular weight and polymeric forms of Bence Jones proteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234298 TI - [Sjogren's syndrome associated with a benign thymic tumor: report of a case with wide spectrum of clinical feature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234300 TI - [Effect of fasting on platelet aggregation in the rabbit and the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234301 TI - [Studies on antithrombin III. I. Purification and some properties of antithrombin III (ATIII), and the relationship between plasma antithrombin activity and ATIII antigen concentration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234302 TI - [Latex agglutination method for measurement of antithrombin III in human plasma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234304 TI - [Clinical aspect, prognosis and puncture cytology of medullary carcinoma associated with lymphoid stroma]. PMID- 7234303 TI - Effect of steroid prophylaxis and of elective caesarean section on maternal and fetal cortisol values. AB - The cortisol level was studied during and after delivery in the mothers and their newborns after normal deliveries, elective Caesarean sections, and steroid pre treated vaginal deliveries. The suppressive effect of Caesarean section, and steroid pre-treated vaginal deliveries. The suppressive effect of exogenous steroid was observed in both the mother and the newborn but its extent was not significant and its duration transitory; in 48 hours it disappeared. In the newborns delivered by elective Caesarean section, an extreme increase in the cortisol level was observed. The cortisol level in the amniotic fluid was not suitable for evaluating the function of the hypophysis-adrenal axis, especially not after steroid prophylaxis. PMID- 7234305 TI - Laser-nephelometric detection of soluble immune complexes. AB - A new method for the detection of soluble immune complexes has been worked out by combining the polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method with laser nephelometry. Experiences achieved by measurements on in vitro immune complexes are presented. The method was found suitable for the detection of immune complexes development in vivo. The optimum concentration of PEG was found to be 3.51%. Results were compared to those achieved by the traditional PEG precipitation technique in 88 cases. The laser nephelometric method was found to be more sensitive and is recommended for use in clinical laboratories. PMID- 7234306 TI - Lectin-induced suppression of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AB - Incubation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of 25 mg/l concanavalin A (Con A) or 2 mg/l phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) suppressed their ADCC activity. Thirty-minute incubation with the mitogens resulted in a significant decrease in ADCC activity. The effect was more striking with longer (24 and 48 h) incubation. The suppressive effect of PHA was abolished after 6 days incubation, while no such phenomenon was observed with Con A. Macrophages participating in the ADCC reaction were not influenced by the lectin treatment, though their removal increased the suppressive effect. The lectin-induced suppression of ADCC activity did not correlate with the suppression of Con A-induced blastogenesis. The suppressive effect of lectins on ADCC is not mediated through suppressor cells, but rather represents a direct action of ligands on the (killer) lymphocyte membranes, resulting probably in an altered metabolism, or inhibition of membrane mobility or lymphocyte locomotion. PMID- 7234307 TI - Experimental evidence for cytoprotective effect of atropine on the rat gastric mucosa. AB - The inhibitory effect of atropine on the gastric mucosal damage produced by topical aspirin has been studied in the rat, in the presence and in the absence of intragastrically applied 160 mmole/l HCl. The gastric mucosal damage was produced by aspirin given intragastrically in doses of 192 mg/kg. The topical application was done alone or in the presence of 160 mmole/l HCl. The ulcer incidence, the number and size of gastric mucosal damage were studied during 4 h. The aspirin solutions were administered with or without atropine (in doses of 4 and 10 mg/kg). The atropine was added immediately after the administration of aspirin. The results were as follows 1. A dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer incidence, number and size of gastric mucosal damage was produced by atropine in both groups of animals, when the aspirin was given alone or together with 160 mmole/l HCl; 2. The inhibitory effect of atropine was significantly weaker in the group treated with aspirin plus 160 mmole/l HCl than in th aspirin-treated group. It has been concluded the ulcer-preventing effect of atropine is mediated partly through the inhibition of gastric H+ secretion, and partly some "cytoprotective effect"; the extent of the "cytoprotective effect" of atropine was about half that on gastric H+ secretion. PMID- 7234308 TI - [Chemotherapy of non-hodgkin's lymphomas (author's transl)]. AB - Recent progress in the chemotherapy of Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas has been achieved in the management of subtypes with unfavourable histology. Multi drug regimens like C-MOPP, CHOP and BACOP led to high remission rates and in some cases probably also to a cure of the disease. Disseminated low grade malignancy Non Hodgkin's lymphomas are probably uncurable and request individual therapy adapted to the natural history of the disease. PMID- 7234309 TI - [Hyperparathyreoidism and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (author's transl)]. AB - A 55 year old patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is reported in whom hypercalcemia occurred associated with hypophosphatemia and elevated parathyroid hormone levels (C-terminal assay). Bone histology gave further evidence for hyperparathyroidism. During neck and mediastinal exploration numerous lymph nodes were exstirpated. Although pathologic parathyroid tissue could not be identified it is concluded from postoperative normalisation of calcium levels that hyperparathyroidism had been cured by surgery. The patient died the seventh postoperative day on bronchopulmonary infection. Early differential diagnostic evaluation of the rare symptom hypercalcemia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is postulated. PMID- 7234312 TI - Job satisfaction of nurse anesthetists. PMID- 7234311 TI - Cardiovascular effects of muscle relaxants. PMID- 7234313 TI - Prevention of aspiration pneumonitis: preoperative preparation. PMID- 7234310 TI - [Early prediction of hypothyroidism after subtotal thyroidectomy (author's transl)]. AB - 30 patients were classified euthyroid (group A, n = 13) and hypothyroid (group B, n = 17) 4 years after subtotal thyroidectomy. A retrospective analysis of the hormonal status was then performed. In both groups (A and B) a significant decrease of serum T3 was found 3 days after surgery. 3 months later T3 levels had returned to normal. Serum T4 showed no significant change, neither at day 3 nor 3 months after the operation. Serum thyrotropin (TSH) also showed no significant change 3 days after surgery in both groups. However, 3 months later serum TSH levels were found to be significantly increased in group B (greater than 4.8 microU/ml, Mean = 13.0 +/- 6.7 microU/ml, p less than 0.001) while in group A TSH remained normal (normal range: 0--3.4 microU/ml). Assuming a serum TSH of 5.0 microU/ml as critical level at 3 months after subtotal thyroidectomy 25% of eventually hypothyroid patients will be missed and 1% will be classified hypothyroid. It is therefore suggested that all patients with serum TSH of more than 4.8 microU/ml 3 months after surgery should be considered chronically hypothyroid. The patients with a serum TSH between 3.4--4.8 microU/ml should be kept on prophylactic thyroid hormone therapy until further 3 months later the final diagnosis is established. PMID- 7234315 TI - Spontaneous tension pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema associated with anesthesia for cesarean section. PMID- 7234314 TI - Anesthetic considerations of porphyria. PMID- 7234316 TI - Anesthesia for transurethral resection of the prostate: spinal or general? PMID- 7234318 TI - More about loss control efforts relating to the administration of anesthesia. PMID- 7234317 TI - Legal briefs. More about the employee-employer relationship. PMID- 7234319 TI - The Reagan Administration and Congress: new perspectives in health legislation. PMID- 7234320 TI - [Ultrastructural elementary lesions in muscular pathology (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present and illustrate most of the ultrastructural abnormalities encountered in skeletal muscle in cases of neuromuscular disease. The diagnostic significance of the changes are discussed but emphasis is laid on the nonspecific character of most of them. For diagnostic purposes, examination by light microscopy remains the preferred approach, but electron microscopy enables the nature and origins of the lesions to be better defined and is a very valuable technique in exploring the pathogenesis of muscular diseases. PMID- 7234321 TI - The syndrome of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. A clinicopathologic study of two cases. AB - The clinicopathologic findings in two cases of infarct in the territory of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery are presented. A distinction is made between a minimal and a maximal syndrome. In the first case the infarct in the basis pontis correlated well with the existence of a pure motor hemiplegia. In the second case more extensive pontine infarction gave rise to a more classical brainstem syndrome. In 52 anatomical specimens the origin, course and angioarchitecture of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery were studied, showing the variability in supply area. Only the paramedial and intermediolateral territories were found to be mostly constant. PMID- 7234322 TI - [CT scan in acute vascular disorders of the cerebellum (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical diagnosis of acute vascular disorders of the cerebellum (AVDC) is uneasy. Classical views emphasized poor prognosis and need for cranial decompression. These views were probably due to the fact that, in the past, a correct diagnosis was made in the cases with the most dramatic symptoms only. The authors report their findings in 13 cases of AVCD. The diagnosis was confirmed or established by CT scan, which showed cerebellar hemorrhage in 6 patients and cerebellar infarctus in 7 patients. CT scan lead to the recognition of AVCD cases with a more benign course than traditionally thought. In 12 out of 13 patients, there was no need for neurosurgical treatment. Finally, CT scans allowed the diagnosis of hemorrhage versus ischaemia and repeat scans demonstrated the evolution of the lesion. PMID- 7234323 TI - [A case of regressive prosopagnosia (author's transl)]. AB - After bilateral cranial trauma a 20 year-old male patient presented severe prosopagnosia which regressed after five months before disappearing completely. Referring to this exceptional case of regressive prosopagnosia the authors discuss the influence of rehabilitation, and review the literature concerning this disorder. They stress its association with other neuropsychological deficiencies connected with right hemispheric lesions, such as topagnosia and disturbance of visual perception. PMID- 7234324 TI - [A case of primary germinoma in the convex part of the brain (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebral germinoma is a rare tumour reported most frequently in the pineal region or the floor of the third ventricle. Localization in the hemispheres may occur. In the reported case the tumour was situated in the right frontoparietal region. In view of the well-known radiosensitivity of germinomas the treatment of choice is radiotherapy. Precise histological diagnosis is therefore cardinally important for deciding on treatment and establishing the prognosis. CAT scanning allows progress to be monitored. PMID- 7234325 TI - The pathogenesis of carbon monoxide encephalopathy in the acute phase- physiological and morphological correlation. PMID- 7234326 TI - Connatal Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease with congenital stridor in two maternal cousins. AB - Two maternal cousins are described with the connatal form of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease (PMD) and congenital stridor. Study of brain biopsy material confirms the diagnosis of PMD. The neuropathological findings are suggestive for the transitional form of this disease. Quantitative morphology gives support to the hypothesis that PMD is a disturbance in maturation of neurons and in myelin formation rather than an active degenerative process. The hereditary transmission is most consistent with a sex-linked recessive pattern. Different X-linked signs seem combined in the presented cases. PMID- 7234328 TI - Evaluation of the dye-protein tracers in pathophysiology of the blood-brain barrier. AB - 1. Sodium fluorescein and Evans Blue, commonly used tracers in the study of blood brain barrier disturbances, revealed considerable differences in their respective protein binding capacity in the plasma, passage through the barrier and in the rate of their elimination from the brain parenchyma. 2. In the plasma a considerable portion of the sodium fluorescein remains free and behaves like a micromolecular barrier tracer. On the other hand, almost complete binding of the Evans Blue to albumin confers to it properties of a protein tracer. 3. Following the extravasation of the tracers, the sodium fluorescein is relatively soon eliminated, whereas Evans Blue remains in the cellular elements of the brain parenchyma for a considerable time, although the protein moiety of the tracer is removed much sooner from the cytoplasm of glial cells, presumably by the lysosomal digestion. PMID- 7234329 TI - [Pathogenesis and behavior of invasive mole without preceding hydatidiform mole (author's transl)]. AB - From 89 cases of invasive mole, collected by our department since 1948, 12 (13.5%) cases without preceding hydatidiform mole (group A) were taken out, and their clinical data and histological observations were studied in comparison with those preceded by hydatidiform mole (group B) in the remaining 77 (86.5%), with the following results: 1. Invasive mole in group A was preceded by artificial or spontaneous abortion, but not by premature or normal delivery. 2. All of the 12 cases developed the invasive mole within 6 months. 3. Relation between the size of the focus and the latency period was not observed in either of the two groups. 4. The incidence of preoperative metastasis was somewhat lower in group A, but no difference was visible between the two groups in prognostic result. 5. As for histological findings, edematization and vesiculation of stroma of villi were observed in all the cases of group A, though with difference in grade from case to case. These findings as well as proliferation and intervascular penetration of villous cells were similar to those of group B. PMID- 7234330 TI - [Partial purification of bilirubin binding protein from the human term placenta (author's transl)]. AB - Fetal bilirubin may pass through the placenta into the maternal circulation with yet unknown mechanisms and be metabolized in the maternal liver because of deficiency of bilirubin conjugating and excreting activity in the fetal liver. To elucidate bilirubin transport mechanisms in placenta we partially purified bilirubin binding protein from 105,000 X g supernatant of the villous homogenates from the human term placenta. The supernatant was brought to 50% saturation with ammonium sulfate. The precipitates dissolved in 0.25 M sucrose buffer (pH 7.4) were chromatographed on a Sepharose 6B column (2.6 X 91.5 cm) with the same buffer. Each fraction was analyzed for protein and bilirubin binding activity. The highest bilirubin binding activity was eluated at void volume. After rechromatography the void volume fraction was centrifuged in a linear sucrose density gradient. The 4.8S fraction with the highest bilirubin binding activity was then applied onto a Sepharose 6B column (0.9 X 58 cm) and rechromatographed with 0.4 M sucrose buffer. After rechromatography the most active fraction was analyzed using sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the placental bilirubin binding protein was found to be about 76,000 both in Sepharose 6B gel filtration and gel electrophoresis. The results may indicate that the bilirubin binding protein was of single polypeptide chain distinct from ligandin, Z-protein, and alpha-fetoprotein. PMID- 7234327 TI - Immunoglobulins in demyelinating lesions in canine distemper encephalitis. An immunohistological study. AB - The brains of 14 dogs with canine distemper encephalitis were examined with immunohistologic techniques to search for immunoglobulin in demyelinating lesions. Four types of lesions presumably representing a temporal sequence of lesion development were distinguished. Immunohistologic findings included immunoglobulin bearing lymphoid cells, amorphous Ig containing material, immunoglobulin bound to the tissue and immunoglobulin containing macrophages and astrocytes. The humoral immune response was absent or very minimal in acute lesions and very intense in chronic lesions. It was concluded that early demyelination in canine distemper encephalitis occurs in the absence of a local humoral immune response but that this response may aggravate and accelerate myelin destruction in the later stages of the disease. PMID- 7234331 TI - [Biological activity of prostaglandin E1 derivative, ONO-802 on smooth muscle (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of prostaglandin (PG) E1 derivative, 16,16-dimethyl-trans-delta-2PGE1 methyl ester (ONO-802) on the rat stomach fundal strip, uterus and ileum were studied. Its substrate specificity for 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) was also examined. Contractions were recorded isometrically by superfusion method. PGE1, E2, and F2 alpha caused maximal contraction of the fundal strip immediately after application and relaxation to the original state within 10 min. Contractile pattern of the fundal strip produced by ONO-802 was quite specific and different from those by classic PGs. Contraction was increased slowly to its maximum in 10 to 20 min after application of ONO-802 and thereafter returned to the original state in 20 to 40 min. Contractive response of the rat ileum to ONO 802 was a gradual increase of the tonus and restoration in more than 120 min after reaching its maximal tonus. The rat uterus responded to 1 microgram of ONO 802 with double maximal contraction amplitude of spontaneous activity, with increased contraction amplitude restored in 90 min. In a combination of ONO-802 with PGE1, E2 and F2 alpha, the contractile response of the fundal strip to ONO 802 was masked by the actions of classic PGs and additional potentiation was not observed. Contractive activity of ONO-802 was not reduced by placental PGDH. PMID- 7234332 TI - [Histological studies of multiple subperitoneal nodules produced by prolonged administration of estrogen (author's transl)]. AB - It has been reported that multiple peritoneal fibroids were produced in guinea pigs treated with large doses of estrogens, and the nodules regressed when the steroid stimulant was discontinued. Recently, these experimental nodules were considered to be simulating the disseminated pattern of Leiomyomatosis Peritonealis Disseminata (LPD). Although these experimental nodules were considered to be composed of fibroblasts by light-microscopic studies, LPD was verified to be composed of smooth muscle by electronmicroscopic studies. Therefore, it is indispensable to study these experimental nodules by electronmicroscopy, when we discuss about the similarities between experimental nodules and LPD. Guinea pigs were treated with various doses of estradiol benzoate (E) [40, 80, 100, 200 microgram/day, thrice a week, intramuscular injection]. After treatment for three months, every dose of E produced the lesions simulating the disseminated pattern of LPD: multiple nodules in various sizes, scattered on the surface of the uterine horn, peritoneum, spleen and pancreas, and in the omentum and mesocolon. Ultrastructurally, the nodules were composed of the cells resembling fibroblast. We conjectured that estrogen differentiates and proliferates the cells of the features of fibroblast-like cells from subcoelomic mesenchyme, resulting in the production of multiple superitoneal nodules simulating the disseminated pattern of LPD. PMID- 7234334 TI - [Ultrastructural observation of the ovulatory changes in the capillary of the human follicular apex (author's transl)]. AB - To clarify its possible participation and mode of action in follicle rupture at human ovulation, the capillary in the apex of the ovarian follicle was investigated electronmicroscopically with 16 human ovaries. In the follicle at the mid-proliferative phase with 6 mm diameter, capillary lumen was narrow and empty. Capillary vessels observed in the theca interna of the preovulatory follicle were dilated and filled with blood cells. Their endothelial cells had indented nuclei and elongated thin cytoplasm with unusually irregular membranous protrusions. In cytoplasm there were numerous vesicles, some of which had fine granule-like contents of low electron density to be released into extracapillary space. These results indicate increased capillary permeability due to active transport around the time of ovulation. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes, rich in specific granules containing collagenase activity, were often observed in the capillary lumen as well as extracapillary space only close to the time of ovulation. This observation implies possible roles of leucocytes in collagen degradation. The present ultrastructural results suggest that the vast capillary network in the follicle wall plays an important role in the mechanism of follicle rupture through its increased permeability and collagenolytic activities of leucocytes. PMID- 7234333 TI - [Variation of growth hormone and prolactin levels in umbilical vein (author's transl)]. AB - Umbilical venous blood, obtained immediately after the delivery of 71 non complicated pregnants between 38 and 42 weeks of gestation, was investigated for the variation in growth hormone and prolactin levels in the serum. Growth hormone and prolactin levels remained almost constant during the observed period of the gestation. Further, it was shown that while growth hormone levels did not significantly vary through the 24-hour period, prolactin levels significantly did. In prolactin levels, the maximum value at 2 approximately 4AM was significantly about 2 times higher than the minimum value at 6 approximately 8 and 8 approximately 10AM. The levels did not vary through 2 approximately 4 and 10 approximately 12 PM period. These suggest that circadian periodicity exists in the fetal prolactin secretion, but not in the growth hormone, and in addition, the periodicity is not affected by labor and delivery. PMID- 7234335 TI - [Ferritin levels in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - This study was designed to investigate the usefulness of serum ferritin determinations for the diagnosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. The origin of ferritin in the circulation of these patients was also studied by an in vitro incubation system. Ferritin levels were determined by a radioimmunoassay kit (SPAC kit, Daiichi Radioisotope Lab.). Pretreatment serum ferritin levels were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, hepatitis and anemia than in normal women. All cases with endometrian cancer showed normal ferritin levels. Among patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma, stage IV and recurrence groups showed higher ferritin levels than other stages. In vitro incubation studies revealed that squamous cell carcinoma could release significantly larger amount of ferritin than normal squamous epithelium. In addition, circulating and tissue ferritin of squamous cell carcinoma had the same immunological behavior in a ferritin radioimmunoassay, and also showed the identical localization on isoelectrofocusing gels. These results indicated that (1) circulating ferritin in patients with squamous cell carcinoma would, at least in part, be derived from the tumor tissue, and (2) serum ferritin determinations would be useful for the management of patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 7234336 TI - [Significance of prostaglandins (PGs) in ovulation (author's transl)]. AB - In order to investigate involvement of prostaglandins (PGs) in ovulation, it was examined whether inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, such as indomethacin and mefenamic acid, and the antiserum to cyclooxygenase were able to inhibit superovulation in immature female rats and gilts. Indomethacin and mefenamic acid were dose dependently effective in inhibition of superovulation in the two animals. The antiserum to cyclooxygenase was raised in rabbits using the solubilized cyclooxygenase extracted and purified from bovine seminal vesicle as antigen. The in vivo administration of the antiserum inhibited superovulation in female rats dose-dependently at the doses of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 ml but did not influence production of progesterone. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase in the follicular cells by the antiserum with no effect on steroidogenesis was observed in organ culture of the follicles excised from the rats primed with PMS and the antiserum. On the contrary, no inhibition of cyclooxygenase was detected in case of the addition of the antiserum to the culture medium. The present study showed PG is one of the indispensable factors in ovulation as steroids are. PMID- 7234337 TI - [Studies on computer processing of fetal heart beat intervals with the comparison to several analyzing methods (author's transl)]. AB - Fetal heart beat intervals are statistically studied with the use of direct fetal ECG signal, universal counter module, HP 2100 A computer and fetal heart rate meter. In 78 cases of labor, 260 data trains which are composed of 250 beat intervals respectively are utilized for the study. Fetal heart rate curves are classified into Hammacher's 4 oscillation types. Every beat interval (BI), beat interval difference (ID) are studied with the comparison to interval index (II) and differential index (DI) of Yeh, and long term irregularity index (LTI) and short term irregularity index (STI) of de Haan. Among 4 oscillation types, ID value is the least in type 0, the next in type 1 then 2, and the largest in type 3. The differences are significant respectively. Percentages of ID below 1 ms histogram showed the largest value in type 0, the next in type 1 then 2, and the least in type 3. The differences are significant respectively. Normal type 2 and abnormal type 0 cases are compared by STI, DI and ID. Mean value of STI shows no difference between the cases, but the SD is very small in type 0. DI is small in type 0, and mean and SD of ID of the author are small in type 0. The utility of ID is suspected from the results in this study.?????????????????? PMID- 7234338 TI - A histological study on immune reaction of advanced uterine cervical carcinoma with regard to the effect of a low-dose irradiation and PS-K. AB - Histopathological studies were carried out to determine whether or not an immunological reaction was involved in the treatment of cervical carcinoma. The following conclusions could be drawn from them. (1) A low-dose irradiation on the primary cancer-nest intensified the interstitial reaction. (2) When PS-K was administered after low-dose irradiation, the interstitial reaction was intensified more remarkably than with irradiation alone. Moreover, it was possible for PS-K administration to restore the responsiveness of lymph nodes which had been inhibited by the irradiation. (3) Some of the observed morphological changes suggested the local occurrence of an immunological reaction. The following findings could be pointed out: (a) In the primary lesion of the uterine cervix, exudative cells consisting mainly of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages formed a barrier-like layer surrounding the cancer-nest. Granuloma accompanied by foreign-body type giant cells were formed in the interstitial tissue. Moreover, lymphoid tissues with a germinal center were formed. (b) In lymph nodes of the region involved, responsiveness was enhanced in the paracortical area, or a germinal center formed with its responsiveness enhanced. (4) There was a correlation between the degree of interstitial reaction of the primary lesion and the survival results of a follow-up survey. There was also a correlation between the degree of enlargement of lymph nodes and the survival results of this survey. PMID- 7234340 TI - [Management and outcome of pregnancy in diabetic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234341 TI - [Changes of red blood cells' polyamines during fetal and neonatal periods (author's transl)]. AB - Polyamines are ubiquitously distributing amines in living organs, and have close relation to nucleic acids and cell proliferation. But there are few reports about polyamines in the obstetric field. So we measured blood polyamines, i.e. putrescine, spermidine and spermine in pregnancy, delivery, puerperium and neonatal period, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We discuss about red blood cell polyamines because RBCs contain about 80% blood polyamines. Spermidine and spermine concentration begin to increase with pregnancy, and rapidly increase from the 5th lunar month and keep high levels during the 7-9th lunar month, the decrease at term. In puerperium, spermine, as opposed to spermidine, takes higher value than that of the term. Putrescine, however, keeps almost the same level as non-pregnangs during pregnancy and puerperium. At delivery, the umbilical blood contains significantly higher polyamines than the maternal blood, but there are no differences between umbilical artery and vein. In neonatal period, each polyamine shows slight increase at the first day after birth. Thereafter, putrescine keeps the same level till the 7th day, but spermidine and spermine gradually decrease day by day. These data suggest that polyamines are reflecting the function of bone marrow erythropoiesis and reproduction. PMID- 7234339 TI - [Pregnancy with thyroid replacement and additional bromocriptine therapy in a patient of amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome due to primary hypothyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234342 TI - [Prostaglandins and dysmenorrhea effect of naproxen on prostaglandin concentrations in menstrual blood (author's transl)]. AB - It has recently been demonstrated that prostaglandins play an important role in human reproductive system. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the involvement of PGs in the onset of menstruation and in the cause of dysmenorrhea. In human endometrium PGF2 alpha were found in large amount in late luteal phase and especially in premenstrual period. PGE1 and PGF2 alpha concentrations in menstrual bloods were 3 to 4 times higher in dysmenorrheic subjects as compared to normal women. The high PGE1 and PGF2 alpha concentration of patients decreased to normal level in naproxen treated cycle. And the intensity of abdominal pain and lumbago decreased simultaneously. On the other hand, in normal woman, naproxen gave little effect on PGs concentration of menstrual fluids. High levels of PGs in dysmenorrheic subjects, decrease of PGs concentration by naproxen treatment and simultaneous alleviation of pain suggest the involvement of PGs in the cause of dysmenorrhea. PMID- 7234343 TI - [Effect of oxytocin administration on prostaglandin concentrations in uterine and placental tissues of pregnant rabbit (author's transl)]. AB - To clarify the mechanism of labor onset, the effect of exogenous oxytocin (OT) on tissue prostaglandin (PG) formation was studied in vivo. Changes of PG concentrations of the uterine venous plasma, myometrium, fetal and maternal cotyledons of placenta, and parietal decidua of late pregnant rabbits were evaluated between just before and 10 minutes after administration of 10 IU of OT. PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha were extracted from each tissue by Inagawa's method and measured by radioimmunoassay. Concentrations of PGE1 (344-1,280 ng/g wet weight) and PGE2 (656-3,000 ng/g wet weight) of the fetal cotyledon were 2-30 times higher than those of other tissues regardless of OT administration. Differences in PG concentrations between before and after OT administration were compared. The results were: 1) Changes of PGs in the plasma, fetal cotyledon, and parietal decidua showed no definite tendency after OT administration. 2) In the myometrium, all measured PG decreased after OT administration, suggesting that tissue PGs are not concerned with myometrial contraction when induced by exogenous OT. 3) In the maternal cotyledon of the placenta, PGs increased after OT administration, suggesting that the maternal cotyledon is the only site having close relationship between OT administration and PGs formation in vivo. PMID- 7234344 TI - [The safety of diagnostic continuous wave ultrasonic irradiation-a clinical study serum hemoglobulin level and scanning electron microscopic finding of maternal and cord blood in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - In order to check the safety of diagnostic continuous wave ultrasonic irradiation, a clinical study, serum hemoglobin level and scanning electron microscopic finding of ultrasound irradiated blood were studied. The following results were obtained. 1. Clinical study: Ultrasonic examination were carried out on 6788 pregnant women at the first trimester of gestation. In test group, rate of abortion and premature delivery, fetal malformation and small for date gestation were not significant higher than those of control group. Neither timing of first examination nor number of examinations at the first trimester seemed to increase above mentioned abnormality. 2. Serum hemoglobin level: Blood exposed 2 to 12 hours to low intensity ultrasound (20 mw/cm2) showed significantly higher serum hemoglobin level than that of control group. However, blood exposed 40 to 120 minutes to high intensity ultrasound (2.6 w/cm2) have significant higher hemoglobin level than that of control group. 3. Scanning electron microscopic finding: Erythrocyte exposed 4 to 24 hours to low intensity ultrasound have no significantly different scanning electron microscopic finding when compared to that of control group. However, deformed erythrocytes were significantly higher than those of control group after exposure to 40 to 120 minutes to high intensity ultrasound. PMID- 7234346 TI - Phagocytosis of human cytotrophoblast cell invading into decidual tissue in early stage of gestation. AB - To elucidate the mechanism of trophoblastic invasion, further electron microscopic observation of human implantation sites, described in a preliminary paper, were performed. The cytotrophoblast cells invaded decidual tissue have taken in many cells and absorbed many materials. In this paper, the authors specifically report the phagocytotic function of the cytotrophoblast cell. It was clarified by criteria, described in preliminary papers, for judgement of cells composing the feto-maternal junctional zone that almost all cells phagocytized by the cytotrophoblast cells were decidual cells which showed significant ultrastructural changes in various degrees; some cells still had intrinsic features by which the cells could be clearly identified as decidual cell, and some cells were considered as a strongly altered degenerated decidual cells. Moreover, even though these phagocytized cells had not so many lysosome that these cells can autolysis, the cytotrophoblast cells had many lysosome having strong activity of acid phosphatase. After the cytotrophoblast cells contact decidual cells by means of many patterns, the cytotrophoblast cells can phagocytized the inactivated cell and can intracytoplasmically digest the cell actively. PMID- 7234347 TI - [Studies on the mechanism and the significance of prostaglandin biosynthesis by the ovary--conversion of 14C-arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (author's transl)]. AB - Biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) from 14C-arachidonic acid was studied using homogenates of the ovaries from rats, gilts and human. Among the radioactive metabolites extracted, PGE2 and 6 keto PGF1 alpha were purified and identified by silicic acid column-, thin layers-, reversed phase partition chromatographies, and radiogaschromatography. Treatment with PMS-hCG activated metabolism of arachidonic acid into radioactive metabolites including PGE2 and 6 keto PGF1 alpha to a large extent. Therefore it is concluded that LH or (hCG) activate the PG synthetase system through the induction of synthetase itself and/or a stimulatory factor. PMID- 7234345 TI - [Study on uterine peroxidase as a specific marker of estrogen-dependence in rat (author's transl)]. AB - Uterine Peroxidase (UP) can be induced by the administration of estradiol (E2) in the rat. We studied whether this biochemical parameter can be a specific marker of estrogen-dependence of rat uterus. 1. UP content in both immature castrated mature rat uteri was negligible. Whereas UP could be detected after vaginal openning of intact rats. 2. UP induction by E2 administration was first detected at 15-day-old rat uteri. 3. UP induction by E2 or mare serum gonadotropin was detected in both immature and castrated mature rats with the increase of uterine weight. 4. UP induction by E2 was observed only in estrogen-dependent tissues, such as uterus and vagina. 5. UP induction by E2 was prominently suppressed by the treatment with actinomycin-D, cycloheximide and tamoxifen. These results suggest that UP induction by E2 is an useful specific marker when hormone dependence of rat uterus is investigated. PMID- 7234348 TI - [Human fetal breathing movements: basic analysis and clinical relationship to fetal well-being (author's transl)]. AB - By means of real time B-scan, human fetal breathing movements (FBM) was basically and clinically investigated on 244 observations in 215 pregnancies. The results obtained were as follows. (1) FBM was frequently observed during active sleep in which FHR variability and fetal movement increased. (2) The incidence of FBM increased rapidly from 12.5% at 23-27 weeks to 77-100% at more than 35 weeks gestation, but reduced to 44% at delivery. (3) FBM became more regular and deeper with advancing weeks of pregnancy, especially after 36 weeks of gestation. The frequency of FBM in normal pregnancy was slightly high at 28-29 weeks, but almost the same rates at 30-41 weeks. (4) Maternal mean blood glucose level of 6 cases (72.3 +/- 5.8 mg/dl) in which FBM absent in repeated observations was significantly lower than those of 10 cases (94.7 +/- 14 mg/dl) in which the percentage time spent breathing were 50% or more. (5) Clinically, a relationship between the presence or absence of FBM and Apgar score was not recognized. However, when the percentage time spent breathing was less than 30% or FBM was continuous and considerably deep, the incidence of neonatal asphyxia or FHR abnormality during labor was significantly increased. PMID- 7234351 TI - [Cryosurgery for dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred and three patients with dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated with cryosurgery during 8 years from 1972 to 1978. Twenty-nine patients underwent several types of operations during 4-41 days (mean 18 days) after cryosurgery, and 74 patients were followed for 3-78 months (mean 3 years) after treatment. Seventy-six per cent of the patients who underwent an operation had residual lesions in their histologic materials. Seventy per cent of the patients who were followed, on the other hand, showed consecutively negative cytology and pathology after cryosurgery. It is necessary for the more effective management of CIN with cryosurgery to perform endocervical curettage in every case, to select small lesion for treatment, and to use more powerful method of cryocauterization. PMID- 7234349 TI - [Alterations of oxytocin and prostaglandin E1, E2, F2 alpha levels in human plasma during labor (author's transl)]. AB - In order to investigate the role of oxytocin (OT) and prostaglandins (PGs) in the mechanism of labor onset, changes of OT and PGs levels in human plasma were evaluated before labor, soon after the labor onset, and at the time of established labor in the following three groups. Group 1 consisted of 6 cases with spontaneous labor, group 2, of 6 cases with induced labor with PGF2 alpha drip infusion, and group 3, of 5 cases with induced with PGE2 vaginal suppository. OT concentrations were measured by RIA, PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha were extracted and determined by Inagawa's method. Levels of OT in group 1 were divided into two subgroups: subgroup 1 with high OT levels (24.0-116.2 microunits/ml) and subgroup 2 with low OT levels (below 7.2 microunits/ml) throughout labor. Changes of PGs level in subgroup 1 showed no definite tendency during labor, suggesting that OT appears to play the leading role in spontaneous labor. Those in subgroup 2 showed a particular behavioral pattern during labor, suggesting an important role played by PGs for the onset of labor following rupture of the membranes. The results of groups 2 and 3 are fully discussed in terms of labor process. PMID- 7234350 TI - [Urinary total estrogens in normal menstrual cycle and early pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - A ratio of urinary total estrogens to creatinine (E/C, micrograms/g) was measured in every morning through the cycle in normal menstruating cycling women and during her early pregnancy. The level of follicular phase was 17.7 +/- 5.4 micrograms/g, ovulatory phase 78.8 +/- 8.8 micrograms/g and luteal phase 26.7 +/- 11.2 micrograms/g. In the spontaneous pregnancies E/C levels elevated sharply after 15 weeks of gestation. In the pregnancy after induced ovulation with clomifene citrate and conjugated estrogens, E/C levels were decreased from 7 days prior to the initiation of genital bleeding of spontaneous abortion. The need for multiple determinations over considerable periods of time is solved by our methods of easily repeated sequential measurements of urinary total estrogens estimated by E/C ratio. PMID- 7234352 TI - [Microglandular hyperplasia of the cervix: reevaluation of the polyp (author's transl)]. AB - Microglandular hyperplasia which may not be familiar in this country is a polypoid lesion of the cervix and has been noticed as the lesion sustained by contraceptive pills. The retrospective study was performed to clarify whether or not this lesion have been enclosed into diagnosis of cervical polyp at routine clinic. 1. Among 895 cases of cervical polyp resected at our clinic during 7 years from 1971, 7 microglandular hyperplasias were found, showing 0.8% of the incidence. 2. Ages of the 7 patients ranged from 42 to 52 years, and the average was 45.7. Three cases complained of metrorrhagia. 3. One woman was taking oral contraceptives and the other was on hormonal therapy. No patient was pregnant. 4. Polyps with microglandular hyperplasia were usually above the size of small finger tip. In one case, a large papillary mass (3.0 x 3.5 cm) resembling to carcinoma of the cervix was experienced. 5. There were no characteristic findings in cytology except a case with enlarged and vesicular cells. 6. Histologically, the lesion consists of numerous microglandular spaces lined by regular cuboidal or flat cells without atypism. The eosinophilic cytoplasms are not vacuolated. Glands are not clearly demarcated from edematous stroma. This change may be mistaken for adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7234354 TI - [Experimental approach to leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata--progesterone induced smooth muscle-like cells in the subperitoneal nodules produced by estrogen (author's transl)]. AB - Our previous report attempted to verify the pathogenesis and histogenesis of leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) resulted in the production of multiple subperitoneal nodules simulating the disseminated pattern of LPD, when guinea pigs were treated with various doses of estradiol benzoate (E) [40, 80, 100, 200 micrograms/day, thrice a week, intramuscular injection (i.m.)] for a minimum of three months. Ultrastructurally, the nodules were considered to be composed of the cells resembling fibroblast. However, the nodules of clinically observed LPD were considered to contain not only fibroblasts but also smooth muscle and decidua-like cells. Therefore, for the purpose of inducing smooth muscle and decidua-like cells in the previously prepared nodules in the guinea pig, progesterone treatments were added. Guinea pigs pretreated with E (100 micrograms/day, thrice a week, i.m.) for three months followed by the combination treatment E and progesterone (P) [0.5, 1.0 mg/day, once a week, i.m.] for one to three months produced the nodules similar to that produced by estrogen alone. Ultrastructurally, these nodules were considered to be composed of the cells resembling smooth muscle and decidual cell. From these results, I assumed that estrogen differentiates and proliferates the cells of the features of fibroblast like cells from subcoelomic mesenchyme which have further capacity to differentiate into smooth muscle and endometrial stroma, and they are differentiated into smooth muscle-like cells and decidua-like cells under both influences of estrogen and progesterone, resulting in the production of multiple subperitoneal nodules. PMID- 7234355 TI - [Studies on the placental damage and IUGR caused by intravaginally inoculated herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) during pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - It has been recognized that intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) could be caused by viral infection during pregnancy. We have experimentally attempted the intravaginal inoculation of HSV-2 (UW-268) 1.2-2.0 X 10(6) plaque forming unit in the pregnant rat. HSV-2 inoculated at 8th and 11th day of gestation, the virus invaded in the basal layer of placenta after 15th day of gestation, but no evidence of intrauterine infection on fetus was identified. The invading route of the virus was investigated by the use of autoradiography. The effect of the virus for fetal growth retardation and placental damage was studied by the use of 14C leucine, 14C-alanine and 3H-glucose. The virus ascended in the myometrium and endometrium of pregnant uterus and finally it was observed in the basal layer of placenta, but it disappeared rapidly in the myometrium and endometrium. The incorporation of 14C-leucine into fetal liver protein was decreased at the 20th day of gestation in the inoculated groups. The 14C-alanine transference to fetus across the placenta, gradually decreased at the 18th, 20th day of gestation in the inoculated groups. From these results we suspected the viral invasion ascending from vagina to placenta was occurred, then the IUGR was caused by damage of placenta function. PMID- 7234353 TI - [General immune reactivity and herpes genitalis (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-two Japanese women with herpes genitalis were examined for subpopulations of peripheral lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulin and immune skin tests. The number of "active" T lymphocytes was significantly less in those with herpes genitalis, as compared to the healthy controls. Differences between the number of "total" T lymphocytes and "total" B lymphocytes between the patients and controls were nil. The levels of serum IgA and IgM were increased in patients with herpes genitalis. Mean diameter of both PPD and PHA skin test in patients was within normal ranges. These findings suggest that to some extent, the cellular immunity associated with "active" T lymphocyte is suppressed in patients with herpes genitalis. The significance of the elevated serum IgA and IgM is now being investigated. PMID- 7234356 TI - [Morphological studies on human uterine cancer cells in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - In the present study, we investigated the possibility of primary cultured tumor cells to be used for tumor models of cancer research. Biopsies were obtained from 46 patients with a diagnosis of uterine cancer, 15 specimens were obtained from normal epithelium to serve as controls. All of the cultured cells were left for 7 days-21 days and observed under light or electron microscopes. Lag periods and capacity of development in benign and malignant cultures were similar. In cultures of malignant cells, overlapping of the cell borders were observed at various areas. Enlargements of the nucleus, the cytoplasm and the nucleolus were proved in comparing malignant cells in culture with there in vivo counterparts. In most cultures of well differentiated types of tumor, ultrastructural or cellular evidence of differentiation were retained. Tonofibrils were more numerous in the keratinizing type of squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. Glandular structures were observed in well differentiated adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. No correlation was present between the growth pattern and histological types of cervical squamous carcinoma. Lack of cell cohesion was present in cultured adenocarcinoma cells. PMID- 7234357 TI - A clinicopathological study on glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix. AB - From the present investigation, it was verified that glassy cell carcinoma is a clinicopathologically independent tumor. As a result, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. The frequency of glassy cell carcinoma is 1.3% of all cervical carcinomas. 2. The prognosis of this type of tumor is poor. Death occurred in 13 of 14 cases studied. The survival period was an average of 16.1 months. 3. The following factors contribute to poor prognosis of this type of tumor: rapid growth, readiness for distant metastasis, and resistance to irradiation. 4. Histologically, undifferentiated tumor cells with distinct nucleoli, including many mitotic figures, form a mantle-like layer around small blood vessels. Cells characterized by the presence of cytoplasm with a ground-glass appearance are found outside this layer. 5. The authors have proposed a form of carcinoma possessing the characteristics of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, and called it an intermediate group. Glassy cell carcinoma seems to be classified into a subtype of this group. Some other subtypes closely related to this carcinoma were noticed. 6. Tumors to be distinguished from glassy cell carcinoma, large cell, non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and lobular type carcinoma were pointed out in this report. PMID- 7234358 TI - Transplantability of granulosa cell tumors induced in mice by intrasplenic ovarian grafting. AB - The nature, in particular the transplantability of granulosa cell tumors induced in mice by intrasplenic ovarian grafting was investigated. Female mice were ovariectomized and received autoplastic ovarian grafts into the spleens. The animals were killed at various periods from 2 to 12 months after grafting and the size of intrasplenic ovarian nodules was measured. There was an approximate liner increase in the size of intrasplenic ovarian grafts with passage of time. Intrasplenic ovarian tumors were transplanted subcutaneously into intact male mice. About two-thirds or more intrasplenic ovarian tumors over 1.0 cm in diameter were transplantable. The larger the intrasplenic ovarian grafts, the greater was the estrous reaction in the vaginal smears. All animals bearing the grafts over 1.0 cm in diameter showed reaction. Once intrasplenic ovarian grafts grow to the extent that estrogen is released with no complete inactivation by the liver, estrogens would escape into the general circulation. Inhibiting excessive release of pituitary gonadotropins. It is considered that intrasplenic ovarian tumors become transplantable when they grow autonomously, even if the excessive release of pituitary gonadotropins is inhibited. PMID- 7234359 TI - [Committee report on neonatal care registration (neonatal mortality registration in 1978)]. PMID- 7234360 TI - [Committee report on nutrition and metabolism in gyneco-obstetrics (Survey on pregnancy in diabetes mellitus in Japan)]. PMID- 7234361 TI - [Apropos of a case of juvenile rhabdomyosarcoma. Recovery 5 years later]. PMID- 7234363 TI - [Normal values in brain stem electric response audiometry (BERA)]. AB - The normal values in brainstem electric response audiometry (BERA) were studied. A description is given of the latencies and amplitudes of the normal response. The effects of (1) the intensity of the stimulus, (2) the stimulation rate, and (3) the use of a sedative were investigated. It seems that the transmission time P1-P5 is significantly longer (+/- 0.25 msec) in men than in women. PMID- 7234362 TI - [Spectrographic analysis of the crying of infants with laryngeal disorders]. AB - Twenty induced pain cries from the same number of infants with laryngeal disorders (infectious laryngitis, laryngomalacia, recurrens paresis and subglottic stricture) have been analyzed by means of sound spectrography. For each cry 21 phonetical cry features have been evaluated. This cry material was then compared with 120 pain cries from healthy infants. In the pathological group a significant increase could be noted in the occurrence of the following cry attributes: second pause, abnormal melody types, instability of the fundamental frequency, biphonation, vibrato, half-voiced voice quality, and inspiratory stridor. Furthermore, a significant decrease could be noticed in the occurrence of voiceless voice quality and glottal roll. For the other cry parameters no significant differences have been observed. In the light of these findings, the neuropathognomic significance, which has been up to now attached to such spectrographic features as very high maximum pitch, biphonation, gliding, and abnormal melody type, should not be taken too strictly. Moreover, one may conclude that the actual state of cry spectrography does not permit us to regard such parameters as instability of the fundamental frequency and noise concentration as indicators of neurologic disorders. On the other hand, the features inspiratory stridor, vibrato and tonal pit seem, to be to a certain extent typical of peripheral diseases of the vocal tract. PMID- 7234364 TI - [Frequency analysis of the various stimuli used in brain stem electric response]. AB - It was our aim to analyse the frequency spectra of these different stimuli in order to select the most suitable stimulus as one wants to apply BER either as objective audiometry or as oto-neurological means of diagnosis. The kind of stimulus is important because its characteristics will condition the parameters of the electro-physiological response. As oto-neurological means of diagnosis, it will be preferable to use the shortest possible stimulus and by no means a filtered stimulus. As objective audiometry, a long stimulus will be used with a less rough onset, which thus presents a narrow frequency spectrum and still creates a clear P5/FFP7 complex. For both applications the Logon offers the best compromise. PMID- 7234366 TI - Glycerol test and fluctuant sensorineural hearing loss. AB - A comparative study of the spontaneous fluctuations with the results of the glycerol test leads us to the conclusion that the observation and measurement of these fluctuations during a follow-up, give us a more reliable evaluation of the fluctuant characteristic of the hearing than does the glycerol test. Indeed the positivity of the latter is highly dependent on form fortuitous level of the audiometric curve at the moment the test is performed. In this way, we cannot thrust upon the negativity of the test in order to rule out a possible fluctuation of hearing. PMID- 7234365 TI - [Important aspects of brain stem audiometry (BERA) with regard to the diagnosis of acoustic nerve neuroma]. AB - Starting with a case report, the interest of the BERA for the diagnosis of acoustic tumor is examined. Moreover, factors being able to complicate a clear interpretation of the result (transmissional and sensorineural dysfunctions) are discussed. The conclusion is drawn that the E. Coch. G. offers a factor of greater precision in the use of the BERA as an oto-neurological diagnostic tool. PMID- 7234367 TI - [Clinical value of multifrequential tympanometry]. AB - Multi-frequency tympanometry brings into evidence, in the normal subject, three types of tympanogram of acoustic impedance. The frequency of the tone probe showing a W tympanogram seems to be the key element. This frequency is close to that of the resonance of the ear, which is altered in the case of pathology of the tympano-ossicular system and of increase in the pressure of the endolabyrinthine fluids. Multi-frequency tympanometry facilitates the differential diagnosis between ankylosis and a discontinuity of the ossicular chain. It also objectifies the variations in the pressure of the inner-ear fluids in Meniere's disease. PMID- 7234368 TI - Optokinetic training for central anystagmus. A case report. AB - A good result was obtained by optokinetic training in a patient with complaints of dizziness and instability, only presenting a central nystagmus without further neurological disturbances. This case illustrates that central vestibular disturbances may occur separately without further neurological context; it emphasizes the importance of a thorough ENG investigation in every case presenting some problems of dizziness and/or instability and it suggests the possibility of curing some central cases by training therapy. PMID- 7234369 TI - [Etiology of neurogenic laryngeal lesions diagnosed by electromyography]. AB - An homogeneous series of fifty cases of neurogenic pathology of the larynx was analysed with regard to the etiologic factors. All the patients had a pathologic electromyography at the level of laryngeal muscles. Findings are compared with data from the literature about clinical laryngeal paralysis. This points out the importance to include an electromyographic examination in the investigation of this pathology. PMID- 7234371 TI - [Effects of phoniatric therapy on the phonetogram]. AB - A phonetogram was performed in 38 patients at the beginning and at the end of a phoniatric treatment for voice disorder, with for each case, a part of functional voice therapy. Average values are markedly positive for the F0-range, the loudness-dynamics, and the phonatory area. Some interesting physio-pathological conclusions may be deduced from a comparison with the phonatory coefficient, and with the acoustical analysis of usual voice. PMID- 7234370 TI - [Thyroglossal cysts and fistulas]. AB - We know that 2% of neck tumors are thyroglossal duct cysts. A retrospective review was carried out of 33 patients with thyroglossal duct remnants (22 cysts and 11 fistulas) who had undergone surgery at our ENT department from 1974 to 1979. Follow-up data were available from 29 patients and exceeded 1 year in every case. Attention was directed to the preoperative history of these lesions, their clinical presentation, anatomopathological and diagnostic findings, the nature of surgery performed, the complications of surgery, and the incidence of recurrence. In literature, surgery should be radical (Sistrunk) in order to avoid recurrence. At our ENT department surgery is performed following a scheme after which the extension of the operation varies to the preoperative findings. We found no recurrences in the follow-up group, neither in the group that received a radical operation (8), nor in the group that received a non-radical operation (21). PMID- 7234372 TI - [Tolerance of Plasti-Pore prostheses in ear surgery]. AB - The authors describe the tolerance of Plasti-Pore prosthetic ossicles in reconstructive surgery of the middle ear. Tolerance is excellent where cartilage is interposed between the prosthesis and the tympanic graft (0% failure). Without such insertion of cartilage, the authors note a protrusion by the prosthesis with tympanic perforation in 19.3% of cases, except in those where the tympanic graft is a homograft (0% failure). In the case of a tympanic graft using temporal aponeurosis it is therefore advisable to interpose a fragment of cartilage. This insertion of cartilage does not appear necessary in the case of a tympanic homograft. PMID- 7234373 TI - The comparison of different calculation formulas for the interpretation of the pure-tone audiometry in the evaluation of professional hearing-loss. AB - The authors report the analysis of 761 cases of auditive impairment, of which 676 are due to professional noise exposure. They compare the different interpretation formulas of the pure-tone audiometry (Fletcher-Fournier-Fund of Occupational Diseases (FOD) the one to the other by means of regression analyses. Moreover, different cut-off values are discussed on the basis of their sensibility, specificity and validity in comparison with the subjective repercussion of the impairment on the social relations of the individual. The authors demonstrate the advantage of the use of the FOD formula for the evaluation of subjective hearing loss. For the professional hearing loss the limits of 50 or 55 dB FOD give the highest validity. For the hearing loss of non professional origin the highest validity is obtained with the cut-off value of 60 dB FOD corresponding to 50 dB Fletcher or Fournier. The differences between the latter two formulas are unsignificant. PMID- 7234374 TI - [Excision of naso-pharyngeal fibromas by transpalatal approach]. PMID- 7234375 TI - [Juvenile epistaxis caused by a tumor]. PMID- 7234376 TI - Intramuscular haemangioma of the middle scalene muscle. AB - A rare case of intramuscular haemangioma of the middle scalene muscle occurring in a young patient is described and its surgical treatment discussed. PMID- 7234377 TI - LDL receptor studies in term and pre-term infants: Measurement of sterol synthesis in cord blood lymphocytes. AB - Low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity was measured in lymphocytes from pre-term and term infants in order to elucidate if the hypercholesterolemia found in pre-term infants might be secondary to a block in cholesterol transport across the cell membrane, analogous to that seen in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). LDL receptor activity was found to be fully developed in pre-term infants and no different from that of term infants and of a normal adult control. PMID- 7234378 TI - Serum cholesterol concentrations in early infancy. AB - Sixteen healthy term infants were followed from birth to the age of 3-6 months. Total cholesterol, VLDL-LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were determined in cord serum, in serum obtained 3-10 days after birth (mean age 4.6 days) and at the age of 3-6 months (mean 4.1 months). Mean total cholesterol increased by 1.5 mmol/l during the first 3-10 days and by an additional 1.1 mmol/l during the following 3-6 months. Mean VLDL-LdL-cholesterol increased by 1.0 mmol/l and 0.9 mmol/l, respectively, and mean HDL-cholesterol by 0.4 mmol/l and 0.3 mmol/l, respectively, during the same periods. The HDL-cholesterol: VLDL-LDL-cholesterol ratio thus fell from 1.5 at birth to 0.8 at the age of 3-10 days and to 0.6 at 3 6 months. In eight breast-fed infants, the mean total cholesterol level increased by 2.9 mmol/l from birth to the age of 3-6 months. This increase was significantly higher than the increase found in eight infants who received a cow's milk formula--i.e. 2.3 mmol/l. Free and esterified cholesterol were determined in 10 infants. Free cholesterol accounted for about one-third of the total cholesterol from birth to the age of 3-6 months. PMID- 7234379 TI - Evolution of lipoprotein patterns in newborns. AB - The plasma levels of total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and of the major apolipoproteins (apo B and apo A-I) were studied in 30 newborns, on cord blood and after 7 and 30 days of life. The evolution of these parameters during the first month of life shows that newborns have low LDL cholesterol and apo B levels at birth, which increase drastically during the first week and remain constant between 7 and 30 days. The HDL cholesterol and apo A-I levels are proportionally high at birth and keep increasing slowly up to 30 days. During this period, the cholesterol/apoprotein ratio remains constant in the LDL and HDL class. These data suggest that lipid and apoprotein levels at 7 days are more representative than cord-blood levels and more meaningful for a screening of congenital hypercholesterolemia. The cholesterol/apo B and apo B/apo A-I ratios, which are considered to be better predictive factors for atherosclerosis, should be included as screening parameters. PMID- 7234380 TI - Chronic renal failure in Swedish children. AB - In a retrospective study covering the years 1974 to 1977 the prevalence of non terminal renal failure in Swedish children on to 15 years of age was registered as 4.50 per million total population. The mean yearly incidence of terminal renal failure during the same period was registered as 0.94 per million total population. Nephronophthisis was the most common single cause of renal failure. No case of coarse renal scarring due to recurrent urinary tract infections was reported. The Swedish study shows a good agreement with an earlier Swiss one concerning the diseases causing chronic renal failure in children. The frequency of chronic renal failure is expected to be essentially unchanged until breakthroughs occur in research on glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7234381 TI - Changes in blood pressure during the first year of life. AB - Changes in blood pressure during the first year of life were investigated in a one-year follow-up study. The blood pressures were measured at the age of one day from 245 newborns, at the age of four or five days from 224 infants, at the age of four months from 105 infants, and at the age of one year from 68 infants. Blood pressure increased considerably during the first five days. The increase of mean systolic blood pressure was markedly bigger, from 59 to 90 mmHg, than that of mean diastolic blood pressure, which was from 43 to 55 mmHg. The correlations of blood pressure were calculated with prenatal history, physical measurements and parental blood pressure. Significant correlations were found with physical factors but not with the prenatal history or parental blood pressure. The tracking of the blood pressure was not good. The distribution of the blood pressure values was normal. It is concluded that for the time being there are no reliable predictive factors to hypertension which could be found in early infancy. PMID- 7234382 TI - Some epidemiological aspects of congenital heart disease in Denmark. AB - Information on 5249 children with congenital heart disease (CHD) in the age group 0-15 years was collected from all paediatric and cardiological departments in Denmark and, furthermore, from death certificates. The mean prevalence for CHD in Denmark was 6.1% during 11 years (1963-73); during the years 1972-73 it was 7.0%. The mean age at detection was 25.86 months; 36% were diagnosed within the first month of life and 63% within the first year. The sex distribution was; 52%, female, 48% male. No seasonal variation was found in the months of birth for individual cardiac anomalies. The largest group of CHD was ventricular septal defect, 24.0%, followed by persistent ductus arteriosus, 12.6%; atrial septal defect, 9.2%; coarctation of the aorta, 7.0%; pulmonary stenosis, 6.0%; and tetralogy of Fallot, 5.8%. The cumulated lethality for all 5249 children ws 25% at 1 month, 42% after 5 years, and 48% at the age of 15 years. CHD was found in 135 cases among 5835 siblings (2.3%). PMID- 7234384 TI - Plasma ferritin concentrations in preterm infants in cord blood and during the early anaemia of prematurity. AB - Ferritin concentrations in cord blood were determined in 22 normal term and 32 preterm infants (birth weights 600-2000 g). Eight of the preterms were SGA infants. AGA preterm infants had significantly lower concentrations than term infants, and the SGA preterm newborn had even lower levels. Plasma ferritin in cord blood of the term and AGA preterm infants correlated positively with plasma iron and transferrin saturations, but not with the transferrin level, while plasma iron and transferrin concentrations correlated positively. In a longitudinal study, 17 AGA preterm infants (birth weights 850-1500 g) were followed during the early anaemia of prematurity. Iron was supplemented from 4 weeks of age. Plasma ferritin rose rapidly during the first days after birth, peak levels being reached at 1-4 weeks. Thereafter linear falls (semilog) occurred with similar slopes in different infants. Transferrin concentrations showed a slow progressive increase from 0-8 weeks. Plasma ferritin, after reaching the peak value, correlated negatively with weight gain. No infant had low ferritin values indicating iron deficiency during the early anaemia. PMID- 7234383 TI - Neurology and behaviour of newborn infants delivered by vacuum extraction on maternal indication. AB - 23 full-term neonates delivered by vacuum extraction (VE) on maternal indication (primary or secondary uterine inertia) but with no sign of fetal asphyxia and a control group of 16 infants were studied. The infants were examined on the 1st and 5th days after birth with the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioural Assessment Scale and by a standardized neurological examination. On day 1 the VE-infants showed lower visual and auditory responsiveness in the behavioural assessment, and fewer optimal responses in the neurological examination than did the controls. Obstetrical factors such as abnormal presentation, long duration of the second stage of labour, and long duration of VE (greater than or equal to 15 minutes) may explain the differences. The differences between the groups had largely disappeared by day 5. PMID- 7234386 TI - The metabolic consequences of human milk and formula feeding in premature infants. AB - Twenty premature low-birthweight infants were divided into two groups and assigned randomly to either a pooled human milk or to a cow's milk based infant formula feeding regimen. The protein intake was 2.0 g/kg/day in the human milk fed group and 4.4 g/kg/day in the formula fed group of infants. The concentrations of different metabolites were estimated at weekly intervals, and plasma amino acid analysis was performed biweekly on blood samples in the two groups of infants during the four-week study period. Formula milk fed infants had significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels and developed azotaemia, hyperaminoacidemia and metabolic acidosis in the early weeks of postnatal life. Blood lactate and plasma free fatty acid concentrations did not change significantly in the two groups during the study. No significant differences were found in the rate of weight gain between the two groups of infants, although formula fed infants regained their birthweight more slowly than human milk fed infants. High protein formula feeding causes potentially unfavorable metabolic and amino acid imbalances in preterm infants in the early postnatal life. PMID- 7234385 TI - Increased excretion of a brain depressor amine in infantile coeliac disease and in healthy infants on a high protein milk diet. AB - Urinary excretion of piperidine, a heterocyclic pressor amine of gut bacterial origin and nicotine-like activity in the brain, has been estimated by a gas chromatography method in healthy men and women, in normal breast-fed and formula fed infants and in infants with untreated coeliac disease. The excretion of piperidine cannot usually be detected during the first week of life. The amount present in urine increases upon weaning with higher excretion in formula-fed than in breast-fed infants at four to six months of age. When premature infants fed on human milk are weaned, the urinary content of piperidine rises from undetectable amounts to normal for age. The high content present in untreated coeliac disease may be responsible for the initial mental depression commonly seen in this disease and suggests that piperidine is one of the "auto-intoxicating" substances arising from the bacterial decomposition of protein postulated by Metchnikoff in 1903 but hitherto unidentified. PMID- 7234388 TI - Relapse rate after cessation of therapy in childhood leukemia. A follow-up report on 277 cases from the five Nordic countries. AB - Two hundred and seventy-seven children from the Nordic countries who had their antileukemic therapy stopped before January 1979 were surveyed. The children were in remission when therapy was discontinued. So far 64 (23.1%) have relapsed. Central nervous system (CNS) and testicular leukemia have been a problem, but CNS prophylaxis has been in common use in the Nordic countries only since 1972-1973. Most of the patients relapsed during the first year after stopping therapy, whereas no patient relapsed later than 4 years after cessation of therapy. PMID- 7234387 TI - Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid concentrations in serum during infancy and childhood. AB - Concentrations of two primary bile acids (cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids) were determined by radioimmunoassay in the serum of infants and children at ages ranging from 1 hour to 15 years. The same bile acids were also measured in umbilical cord serum. Concentrations of the primary bile acids were significantly higher in the serum of 1-hour old infants than those in the umbilical cord serum or the peripheral vein serum of adults. The levels of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid remained high until the age of 6 months, being about 5-fold higher than those in the sera of adults. Primary bile acid concentrations reached the adult level by the age of 1-2 years. These results indicate that developmental changes occur in the metabolism and excretion of bile acids in man. The relatively high concentrations of the primary bile acids in serum during the first 6 months of life suggest that up to this age, the mature ability of the liver to excrete the bile salts into the bile and/or to clear them from the circulation has not yet been reached. PMID- 7234391 TI - Excess pulmonary excretion of hydrogen in response to lactulose. PMID- 7234389 TI - Amphetamine addiction and pregnancy. III. One year follow-up of the children. Psychosocial and pediatric aspects. AB - Sixty-six infants born to amphetamine-addicted mothers were followed during their first year of life. The children were divided into three groups, according to whether or not the mother stopped her abuse in early pregnancy (Group I) or continued (Group II) and whether or not the latter children were placed in foster homes immediately after birth (Group III). All but 2 of 16 mothers in Group I stayed off drugs and mostly met non-addicted friends. In Group II, on the contrary, all but 2 of 36 mothers continued their abuse one year after delivery. At the age of one year, all but one child in Group I were in their mothers' custody and all children in Group III had remained in foster care. In Group II one-third of the children lived in foster homes after revocation of the maternal custody. Several infants in Group II had experienced multiple transfers between the biological home and different foster homes. There were indicators that maternal amphetamine abuse causes temporary drowsiness in the infants during the first months after birth. However, all children at the age of 12 months, regardless of group, had a somatic and psychomotor development in accordance with the normal Swedish standard. In all groups there was an increased rate of medical care mainly because of infections. Some infants in Group II compared to none in Groups I and III were hospitalized because of failure to thrive or suspected physical abuse. Symptoms indicating emotional disturbance were more common in infants of Group II than in infants of Groups I and III. PMID- 7234392 TI - Host factors against Salmonella typhi in children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. PMID- 7234393 TI - Early diagnosis of occult medullary carcinoma of the thyroid by immunoreactive thyrocalcitonin detection. PMID- 7234390 TI - What happens to children with retarded speech at 3? Longitudinal study of a sample of normal infants up to 20 years of age. AB - 212 children recruited at random at birth have been followed annually in a prospective longitudinal study with somatic and psychological data, including verbal communicative ability, rated by a psychologist at 3 years of age. At the age 20 years 175 were still in the study. Intelligence tests at 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17, teacher's assessments in grades 3 and 6, educational level at 20 years of age and sociometric and behavioural assessments show that children with retarded speech at 3 constitute a risk group that requires special attention. PMID- 7234394 TI - Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of neonatal adrenal haemorrhage. AB - Two cases of neonates with adrenal haemorrhage are presented. The clinical, radiological and ultrasonographical signs are described. The future role of echography as compared to other radiological procedures, including computerized tomography, is discussed. Ultrasonography is recommended as a screening method, and is well suited for assessing the size and internal structure of pathological processes. PMID- 7234395 TI - Neutrophil chemotactic defect and hypogammaglobulinemia. AB - A 15-months-old boy developed agranulocytosis after administration of Chloramphenicol and Aminopyrine. In spite of total hematological recovery, the patient's immunological study disclosed a persistent neutrophil chemotactic defect and hypogammaglobulinemia. Other studies of specific and non-specific immunity were normal. Neutrophil adherence, random and random stimulated mobility were always within the normal range. The presence of chemotactic inhibitors was discarded. In vitro incubation of his neutrophils with Cytochalasin B at 0.1 micrograms/ml final concentration, reversed the chemotactic abnormality suggesting a possible cell membrane defect. PMID- 7234396 TI - Congenital nephrotic syndrome detected by hypothyroid screening. AB - An infant was evaluated for a low thyroxine value, detected on routine neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism. She was found to have the congenital nephrotic syndrome, and to be euthyroid with low thyroid binding globulin. Congenital nephrosis can be detected by neonatal screening programs which use thyroxine as the primary screening test, but not by those which use TSH. This may be important in those countries in which the incidence of congenital nephrosis approaches that of congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 7234397 TI - Screening for congenital hypothyroidism. I. Laboratory results of a pilot study based on dried blood samples collected for PKU screening. AB - A pilot study was performed to establish optimal conditions for nation-wide screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Sweden. The levels of T4 and TSH were determined by automated radioimmunoassay in the dried blood spots, routinely collected for PKU screening on the fifth postnatal day, from all 19 792 infants born in the Stockholm area during a 14-month period. To identify safe minimum recall criteria for routine use, infants were recalled if the TSH level was more than 30 mU/l of plasma or--if they were not preterm--the T4 concentration was less than -2 S.D. of the mean. Altogether 160 infants were recalled. Seven newborns with congenital hypothyroidism were identified, 6 with primary and one with secondary hypothyroidism. Five infants had decreased levels of thyroxine binding globulin. The results of the follow-up analyses from recalled infants showed that determination of the reverse-T3 level may be of diagnostic value around the 23rd day of life. The results of the clinical investigation of recalled infants are reported in a subsequent paper and a programme for nation wide screening for congenital hypothyroidism is proposed. PMID- 7234398 TI - Screening for congenital hypothyroidism. II. Clinical findings in infants with positive screening tests. AB - In a pilot screening programme for congenital hypothyroidism, PKU filter paper blood samples from 20 000 infants born in Stockholm were analysed for TSH and T4 to identify optimal conditions for routine nationwide screening. Among 160 infants with positive screening tests, 7 infants (group I) had true-positive results, 6 had primary and one secondary hypothyroidism. The 153 infants with false-positive tests were divided into group II:74 infants with an isolated increased TSH level; group III: 71 infants with an isolated decreased T4 concentration; and group IV: 8 infants with increased TSH and decreased T4 levels. In group I the clinical signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism varied when the diagnosis was made at 3 weeks of age. The median hypothyroid index score was 8 (range 0--18). In groups II-IV most infants showed very few signs of hypothyroidism. The median hypothyroid index scores were 1, 1, and 0, respectively. Clinical findings were of little value in the individual case for distinguishing true from false positive screening tests. We suggest that nation wide screening should be based on TSH analyses of PKU blood samples, with a cut off level corresponding to 50 mU/l of plasma. Recall frequency will be less than 0.1%. PMID- 7234400 TI - Concentrations of CSF proteins as a measure of blood brain barrier function and synthesis of IgG within the CNS in 'normal' subjects from the age of 6 months to 30 years. AB - Concentrations of proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum have been studied in 105 'normal' subjects divided into age groups 0.5-5, 6-15, 16-20, and 21-30 years in order to obtain reference values for information concerning blood brain barrier damage and synthesis of immunoglobulins within the central nervous system (CNS). CSF/serum albumin ratio is superior to CSF total protein as a test of the blood brain barrier function. The IgG synthesis rate per 24 hours and IgG index [CSF/serum IgG ratio]: [CSF/serum albumin ratio] reflect the presence of IgG synthesis within the CNS. The variables reflecting the blood brain barrier function increased with age, the upper values of the CSF/serum albumin ratio being 4.0, 4.9, 6.7 and 6.5 for the mentioned age groups respectively. The upper values for the CSF IgG index remained rather constant in relation to age at 0.62, 0.68, 0.64, and 0.63 respectively. An index value of less than 0.70 and an IgG synthesis of less than 10 mg/24 hours seem to be appropriate upper values as references. Only about 1--2 ml of CSF and 0.5 ml serum are required for the analyses including cell counting and determinations of IgA and IgM index values as well as of glucose and lactate. PMID- 7234399 TI - Qualitative cytology of cerebrospinal fluid as an indicator of neonatal brain damage and psychomotor outcome. AB - The authors report a double blind study on 57 full-term neonates prospectively subjected to clinical, electroencephalographical, cerebrospinal fluid and developmental examinations. Usual neonatal pleiocytosis depends on histiomonocytic cells which probably are a reflection of constant small brain damage during delivery. Infants suffering neurological sequelae at age one are recognizable as early as the 60th to 84th hours of life in view of persisting high histiomonocytic counts greater than 10 M. elements/l) and granulocytic peaks (greater than 2 M. elements/l) in clear samples. This method is then of interest, despite its invasive nature and limits (traumatic punctures, time-limits). PMID- 7234401 TI - Children talk about death. AB - As a psychoanalyst in a pediatric nephrology ward, I have listened to children talking about dying and death. As soon as a child can express himself freely on this subject, no further age-dependent progress concerning the concept of death can be observed. Faced with disease and death, the child is led to the same images and conclusions, to the same order of ideas as the adult. This clearsightedness does not prevent the appearance of mechanisms of defence against the idea of death. Faced with the silence of the adult, the dying child shuts himself up in loneliness. However, the child does not want to be alone: he craves to be recognized. During the time left before his death, to be recognized is for him synonymous with: "to be recognized near death". To let a child talk about his death is to let him talk about his life, to bring him the only possible help, that is, to be with him till the end. PMID- 7234402 TI - Milk and mineral intakes of breastfed infants. AB - Milk and mineral intakes of twenty-six full term infants receiving human milk as their sole milk source were determined by "test weighing" and direct analyses of milk samples at months 1, 2 and 3 of lactation. Data indicate that volume of milk ingested ranged from 295 to 996 ml/day and mean intakes (606, 601, 626 ml/day at months 1, 2 and 3, respectively) are less than the often quoted 850 ml/day. Taking into account Swedish and Scottish data and that from the present investigation, it appears that typical human milk intakes are 500 to 800 ml/day. No relationship was observed between volume of intake and growth of infants. Ranges of intake for copper, iron, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium and chloride are comparable to values reported for these mineral intakes by both early and modern investigators even though different data collection techniques and analytical methods were employed. PMID- 7234403 TI - Plasma neurotensin in term and preterm neonates. AB - The new ileal peptide neurotensin has not been studied hitherto in the human neonate. Plasma concentrations of neurotensin were measured by radioimmunoassay in 276 healthy term or preterm infants either at birth or pre- or post-prandially during the neonatal period. In addition, a group of 10 6-day-old preterm infants were studied who had never been enterally fed on account of hyaline membrane disease. Plasma neurotensin values were obtained also in 12 healthy fasting adults. Term infants had higher plasma neurotensin concentration than preterm infants at birth. Both groups showed a significant postnatal surge in basal (pre prandial) neurotensin concentrations exceeding adult values, but no postnatal neurotensin elevation was found in the unfed group. In preterm infants, who were studied further into the neonatal period than term infants, there was a progressive increase in the rise of neurotensin following a milk feed, with a massive neurotensin response by 24 days of age. In 6-day-old term infants, the neurotensin response to bottle feeding was significantly greater than to breast feeding. These findings add further weight to the concept that neurotensin may be of physiological importance as a gut hormone. The high neurotensin levels and large feed responses seen in neonates may indicate a unique role for neurotensin in early life. PMID- 7234404 TI - Increasing incidence of neonatal septicemia: causative organism and predisposing risk factors. AB - The incidence of neonatal septicemia in the referral area of St. Goran's Children's Hospital in Stockholm has been studied during a ten-year period (1969 1978). An increase was noticed during the period 1974-1978 in comparison with the preceding five-year period. The incidence per 1 000 live births was 1.4 and 3.1, respectively. The incidence of osteoarthritis increased from 0.21 to 0.41 per 1 000. Mortality rate from neonatal septicemia remained unchanged. Gram-negative organisms as an etiologic factor seemed to be decreasing while staphylococcal infections have increased. Group B streptococcal infection occurred with the same frequency during the whole period. The low incidence of enteric organisms might be related to the common practice of feeding the babies with milk from their own mothers. Perinatal risk factors were equally common in both five-year periods. The observed increase of the prevalence of neonatal septicemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus may be explained by a higher rate of survival of highly susceptible low-birthweight infants and other sick neonates treated in the neonatal intensive care unit. PMID- 7234405 TI - Bilirubin, reserve albumin for binding of bilirubin and pH in plasma during phototherapy (ordinary and double light) of term newborn infants. AB - Forty-five term newborn infants with uncomplicated hyperbilirubinaemia were treated continuously with phototherapy for 24 hours. Twenty-eight infants received double light treatment and 17 infants ordinary phototherapy. During both treatments a significant decrease in the serum unconjugated bilirubin concentration, a significant increase in the serum reserve albumin concentration for binding of bilirubin determined by the [14C] MADDS method, and a significant decrease in the index of serum bilirubin toxicity occurred. The changes in these parameters were significantly greater during the double light treatment than during the ordinary phototherapy. During the treatment the fall in index was constant. No significant change in plasma pH was seen. Thus, the study gives further evidence that the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy is reduced by phototherapy and that double light treatment is in the respect superior to ordinary phototherapy. Prior to phototherapy the molar ratio in serum of unconjugated bilirubin plus reserved albumin for binding of bilirubin to albumin was only 0.60, on average, and during the treatment the increase in the serum reserve albumin concentration was less than the decrease in the serum bilirubin concentration. This can be explained either by the presence in infant serum of an unknown ligand interfering competitively or allosterically in the binding of MADDS and bilirubin to albumin, or by the existence of a foetal albumin with a lower affinity for MADDS than adult albumin. PMID- 7234406 TI - Rectal administration of theophylline in aqueous solution. AB - Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic index which complicates rapid effective administration. Therapeutic serum levels without toxic concentrations can usually be achieved only by a 20 min intravenous administration. In the present study 20 children were given a single dose of theophyllinne in aqueous solution rectally. Serum theophylline levels were determined, and they equalled those found after a 20 min intravenous infusion of theophylline. No adverse effects were observed. The variations in peak serum levels were the same as those reported after intravenous administration. Therefore rectal administration of an aqueous solution of theophylline may become a valuable alternative to the intravenous route. The procedure is simple, can be used at home by the parents even in cases of nausea and vomiting, and an accurate dosage calculated in mg/kg is possible. This treatment, however, cannot be recommended until further investigations have been carried out. PMID- 7234407 TI - Fatal familial steatosis of myocardium, liver and kidneys in three siblings. AB - A 2-day-old male and 3-day-old female child were born within the span of one year to two young and healthy unrelated parents with no history of any past illness. A third child was born two years later. After birth, the first born baby appeared well but became ill the following day with marked dyspnea, cyanosis, generalized flaccidity, bradycardia and finally total respiratory arrest. The second child suffered with an almost identical clinical picture and succumbed to its illness in a manner quite similar to that of its sibling brother. Likewise, the third child at the age of seven months became apathic, cyanotic and dyspneic. It died ten minutes after arrival in the hospital in a state of unconsciousness. Autopsies of all siblings demonstrated very similar macroscopic and microscopic findings of a peculiar diffuse intense fatty degeneration of the liver and myocardium with focal renal tubular epithelial involvement. Apparently, all three siblings suffered with and died of a type of fatal steatosis affecting some of the most important organs of the body. PMID- 7234408 TI - Two-generation transmission of oesophageal atresia with tracheo-oesophageal fistula. PMID- 7234409 TI - Complement activation: use in the diagnosis of infection in newborn infants. PMID- 7234410 TI - Serum cholesterol concentration in Greek pupils aged 9-18 years. The effect of puberty. PMID- 7234411 TI - A patient with nutritional rickets stage 1 or partial hypoparathyroidism. PMID- 7234412 TI - Perinatal Campylobacter fetus ss jejuni enteritis. AB - A 2-day-old breast-fed male infant developed mucoid and blood diarrhoea, and Campylobacter fetus ss jejuni was isolated from the stools but not from the blood. The probable source of transmission was his mother in whom symptoms of Campylobacter jejuni-associated illness began one day earlier. Both showed IgM, IgG and IgA antibody responses to autologous and reciprocal strains of Campylobacter jejuni as studied by ELISA. PMID- 7234414 TI - The sequential analysis of cancer induction with chemicals. AB - A critical review of some of our current views on how chemicals induced cancer is presented. Emphasis is placed on pathologic processes, rather than on agents and on the many steps that lie between initial exposure to a carcinogen and the appearance of malignant neoplasia. The nature of some of the early steps in carcinogenesis is outlined including the early appearance during initiation of cells resistant to some of the inhibitory effect of carcinogens. This property is considered to be important in the development of cancer in at least one model of carcinogenesis. The essential characteristic of promotion, differential stimulation of proliferation of initiated cells, is discussed along with at least three possible mechanisms for such differential effects of promoting environments. The multistep hypothesis for cancer development is supported by observations of identifiable biochemical and biological properties of different cell populations at some steps. The implications of this for cancer diagnosis, prevention and control are briefly discussed. PMID- 7234413 TI - Acrodermatitis enteropathica Reversibility of cerebral atrophy with zinc therapy. AB - A six-month-old Saudi boy with acrodermatitis enteropathica confirmed by low serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase levels is described. Both the patient and a sibling developed acrodermatitis enteropathica while entirely breastfed. The mother had low serum zinc levels. Cranial computed tomography initially showed marked central and cortical "atrophy" that improved on treatment with zinc sulphate. The importance of zinc for normal brain growth and function is well known and the improvement on cranial computed tomography could be explained by improved myelination. PMID- 7234415 TI - Ultrastructural study of hemangiomas. 1. Capillary hemangioma of the skin. AB - The fine structure of capillary hemangiomas from the skin of six young adults was investigated. All the vessels had non-fenestrated endothelial cells. Their intercellular junctions had tight junctions, but desmosome-like structures were also present. Cytoplasmic filaments (50-100A in width) as well as microtubular bodies were present in some of the endothelial cells. The bodies were approximately 0.1 micron in diameter and up to 0.5 micron in length. Subendothelial basement membrane was present and sometimes multilaminated. Pericytes had a feature of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, or smooth muscle cells. "Fibrous long-spacing collagen fibrils" (periodicity: 700-1500A) were seen in the vicinity of pericyte basement membranes or in the intervascular spaces. PMID- 7234416 TI - Giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas. AB - A case of giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas is reported herein. The patient is a 67-year-old Japanese woman complaining of ascites, general fatigue, loss of weight, abdominal distention, nausea, and vomiting. Cytological diagnosis of ascites revealed adenocarcinoma. At autopsy, a whitish tumor measuring around 5 cm in diameter was found at the head of the pancreas. Metastasis was seen only in the liver. Histological examination displayed bizarre multinucleated giant cells occasionally phagocytosing the tumor cells and neutrophils. PMID- 7234417 TI - Diffuse hemangiomatosis, coagulopathy and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. AB - Described here is an autopsy case of a 30-year-old woman with systemic hemangiomatosis accompanied by coagulopathy and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. She had hepato-splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogenopenia. A splenectomy was performed and a diffuse angioma of the spleen was found. Postmortem examination revealed cavernous hemangiomas and hemangioendotheliomatous lesions in the liver, bone marrow, intestine, and lymph nodes. Coagulation studies suggested that exacerbation of coagulopathy occurred due to Liniac (10MV X-ray) irradiation. Our observation raised the possibility that the irradiation might lead to chronic localized consumption coagulopathy, which was confined to the hemangioma, to acute disseminated types of intravascular coagulation. PMID- 7234418 TI - Agnogenic myelofibrosis in children--a case report and review of the literature. AB - The case presented here is an 18-month-old female infant with agnogenic myelofibrosis. Clinically, this case was characterized by pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and rapidly fatal course, without response to steroids or other chemotherapy. Bone marrow biopsy and postmortem examination, revealed myeloid metaplasia of the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes, and conspicuous proliferation of immature cells, presumably of reticulum cells or precursors of hematopoietic cell lines, associated with prominent proliferation of reticular fibrous tissue. These morphologic features corresponded with those of agnogenic myelofibrosis, classified as a form of myeloproliferative disorder. A review of 15 cases of myelofibrosis in children collected from the literature showed a mean age of 2 years and 9 months with most cases being less than 2 years of age. There was a distinct female preponderance, while male infants with myelofibrosis were associated with Down's syndrome or C monosomy. The mean survival was 6.7 months. Approximately 25 cases of myelofibrosis have been reported in the English literature, while only 5 cases have been described in Japan. PMID- 7234419 TI - Uterine teratoma with lymphoid hyperplasia. AB - A mature teratoma of the uterine cervix, which was found nine months after delivery, was presented. This case was the ninth in the world, the first in Japan. Differential diagnosis and histogenesis of the uterine teratoma were discussed on the basis of histologic findings of this tumor and a review of literatures. Among the microscopic findings obtained, the conspicuous lymphoid tissue in the tumor was worthy of note, because it could be speculated to be an immunological reaction to the cells composing the tumor. It was also suggested from the post-partum occurrence that a fetal-cell origin would be possible in the histogenesis, although further positive studies on this opinion should be necessary in coming cases. PMID- 7234420 TI - Purification of amyloid fibrils and protein AA from mouse amyloid deposits induced by caseinate and M. butyricum. AB - Amyloidosis was induced in mice by the simultaneous injection of sodium caseinate and heat-killed M. butyricum. Amyloid fibrils were isolated by collagenase digestion, 1 M NaCl extraction and repeated washing with 0.15 M NaCl. The amyloid fibril fraction was practically free of contaminations such as collagen, chromatin and membranes as judged by electron microscopic morphometry. The protein AA was purified from the isolated fibrils to an apparent homogeneity as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using one step gel filtration from Sephacryl S-200 in the presence of 6 M guanidine-HCl and 50 mM dithiothreitol. The molecular weight of the peptides of the protein AA were 8,500 and 10,000. PMID- 7234421 TI - Pathological study on gold impregnation of fat-storing cells in human liver. AB - Examination of 51 human liver specimens with the modified Kupffer's gold impregnation method confirmed the presence and distribution of fat-storing cells in various kinds of diseased livers such as fatty liver, acute centrolobular necrosis, subacute massive necrosis and cirrhosis as well as in liver cell carcinoma. In normal liver, gold-reactive fat-storing cells were distributed in the central area or diffusely in lobules. In the liver with marked fatty change and obstructive jaundice, presence of fat-storing cells was able to be clarified by this method. In cases of acute hepatocellular necrosis, the necrotic areas contained a large number of fat-storing cells in contrast to adjacent areas. In cases of subacute massive hepatic necrosis and cirrhosis, the areas with abundant newly formed collagen fibers (type III collagen) contained many gold-reactive fat storing cells. In the septa consisting of dense type I collagen fibers, by contraries, fat-storing cells were hardly visible. The features suggested that fat-storing cells are closely related to intralobular fibrogenesis. In one case of liver cell carcinoma, there were many gold-reactive fat-storing cells in tumour tissue. PMID- 7234422 TI - [Studies on the neuromuscular blocking activity of alkaloids of Cyclea barbata (Wall) Miers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234424 TI - [Alkaloids of the Chinese drugs, Aconitum spp. XIII. Alkaloids from Pei Cao Wu, Aconitum kusnezoffii (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234423 TI - [The influence of total alkaloid of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb and aconitine on changes of ECG induced by several drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234426 TI - [Studies on the syntheses and structure-biological activity relationships of daidzein and its derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234425 TI - [Studies on the alkaloids of Stephania kwangsiensis H. S. Lo (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234427 TI - [Studies on antiasthmatic agents. II. Synthesis of some omega-(3-hydroxy-1,4 naphthoquinonyl-2)-alkanoic acids and mannich bases of 2-hydroxy-1,4 naphthoquinone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234428 TI - [Studies on the analysis of anthraquinone derivatives of Chinese medicinal herbs. I. Separation and determination of constituents of Chinese rhubarb (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234429 TI - [Botanical and pharmacognostical studies of the Chinese medicinal drug "Ma Wei lian" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234430 TI - [Two aspects about curve fitting in pharmacokinetics; weighting of experimental data and discrimination between linear compartmental models (author's transl)]. PMID- 7234432 TI - Circulatory responses to acute hypoxia in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. AB - Experiments were carried out on 6-7 months old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (NIbm) of the Okamoto-Aoki strain and age matched normotensive control rats (NCR) of the same age group. Acute hypoxia produced bradycardia and a fall of blood pressure in artificially ventilated NCR and a biphasic heart rate response (acceleration-deceleration) in SHR. After bilateral vagotomy or atropine administration a pressor response to hypoxia occurred in NCR and SHR. We conclude that adult SHR exhibit reduced sensitivity of the cardio-vagal component of the arterial chemoreflex. PMID- 7234431 TI - Changes in concentrations of basic energy-yielding substrates in plasma during maximal effort and postexercise restitution in relation to training level. AB - Fifty-three cyclists aged from 19 to 32 years were divided into three groups depending on the degree of physical fitness. Group I comprised 13 cyclists with high fitness, group II 19 cyclists with medium physical fitness, and group III 22 cyclists with low physical fitness. All studied subjects carried out work on a Monark cycle ergometer until they refused to go on (exhaustion). During the exercise the consumption of oxygen was determined and the heart rate was measured. Other determinations included the levels of free fatty acids, glucose, amino-acid nitrogen, total protein, lactate in the venous blood and haematocrit index at rest, after the exercise and in the 15th and 30th minutes of postexercise restitution. The differences between the groups were analysed. It was found that in group I the blood glucose level rose more than in the other groups, and the levels of FFA and amino-acid nitrogen increased while in groups II and III they decreased during the exercise. The direction of changes of the various parameters during the restitution was similar in all groups but their intensity was different in individual groups. Lactate concentration showed no differences between the studied groups during the exercise as well as during the restitution. PMID- 7234433 TI - Myocardial contractility in healthy rabbits. AB - In 75 healthy rabbits the systolic times intervals (STI) and their indexes of the left-ventricle were determined for establishing the normal range of these values. In the analysis the effects of the heart rate on the values of these parameters were taken into account. A correlation was found between the heart rate and the QT interval (r = -0.8673), total electromechanical systole - QS2 (r = -0.5557), heart sounds interval - S1S2 (r = -5696), left ventricular ejection time - LVET (r = -0.4745), pre-ejection period - PEP (r = -2288), isovolumic contraction time - ICT (r = -0.2570). No correlation was found between the heart rate and the electromechanical delay - Q-1 (r = -0.0226). PMID- 7234434 TI - The concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in discrete areas of rat brain after chemical sympathectomy or serotoninectomy. AB - It was shown that central chemical sympathectomy by 6-hydroxydopamine and central chemical serotoninectomy by 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine diminish the level of gamma aminobutyric acid in discrete areas of rat brain. PMID- 7234435 TI - The effect of fat and cholesterol-enriched diets on the pancreatic and intestinal sterol ester hydrolase in the rat. AB - The effect of diets enriched with triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol (C) or cholesteryl ester (CE) on the content of sterol ester hydrolase (SEH) was studied in the pancreas and small intestine of the rat. The results showed that both organs increased their content of SEH in response to chronic ingestion of the experimental diets. The pancreatic content of SEH in rats fed a TAG-supplemented diet increased by 22% whereas in the animals on a TAG and C or CE--enriched food it increased by 40 and 80% respectively. The SEH-content of intestinal mucosa from the animals ingesting that TAG-enriched diet rose about 35% and that in the animals maintained on the C and CE--supplemented diets was about three times higher than in control animals. Under physiological conditions there were significant differences in the distribution of SEH between the jejunal and ileal segments of the small intestine, the jejunal fragment showing a 2.5 times higher specific activity of SEH than the ileal one. Under conditions of a large dietary load of C and CE, both segments acquired an enhanced, almost equal, efficiency of metabolizing the absorbed C. PMID- 7234436 TI - The activity of plasma phosphatases in rats treated with single doses of dichlorvos and trichlorphon. AB - Intoxication of rats with single doses of Dichlorvos or Trichlorphon corresponding to 50% of the LD50 led to striking changes of blood plasma phosphatase activities. The complex pattern of these changes was not related to the observed inhibition of plasma cholinesterase. The tested pesticides did not inhibit plasma phosphatases in vitro. PMID- 7234438 TI - 24 hours day cycle variations of serum alkaline phosphatase activity in piglets. AB - The activity of serum alkaline phosphatase in pigs changes in relation to the age of the animals [2, 4, 5, 7]. In chicken [3] it was observed that the activity of alkaline phosphatase showed cyclic fluctuations during the process of egg formation, but in the 24 hours day cyclic the activity of the enzyme was not increasing as far as the process of shell calcification was not taking place. In the presently reported work circadian fluctuations of alkaline phosphatase activity were investigated in the serum of piglets. PMID- 7234439 TI - Adjustments of hepatic and small intestine blood flow on selective vasoconstrictor fibre stimulation. AB - The mutual changes in hepatic and small intestinal blood flow on selective nervous stimulation of the periarterial vasoconstriction fibres, were studied in anaesthetized cats. Occlusion of the hepatic artery did not change portal blood flow, whereas occlusion of superior mesenteric blood flow caused a significant increase in hepatic arterial flow. Stimulation of the hepatic sympathetic nervous supply caused a phasic blood flow response with a marked transient peak flow reduction of hepatic arterial blood flow. The magnitude of the peak response varied with the frequency of the stimulation. Despite continuous stimulation the first phase went over into a second phase of less pronounced vasoconstriction. This "steady state" blood flow, was maintained at about 20% below the control level, irrespective of stimulation frequency. Corresponding in time with the peak vasoconstriction there was a transient increase of portal pressure. Sympathetic nerve stimulation increased portal pressure even on occlusion of the hepatic artery. Stimulation of the mesenteric sympathetic nerves evoked the characteristic transient peak vasoconstrictor response consisting of two phases, a brief intense peak resistance response followed by a second phase of less pronounced but generally well maintained constriction. Simultaneously a slight reduction of portal pressure and hepatic arterial vascular resistance was regularly seen. In contrast to the observations in the hepatic arterial circuit the magnitude of this "steady state" blood flow in the small intestine was dependent on the rate of the stimulation, however. On simultaneous stimulation of the hepatic and mesenteric sympathetic nerves the hemodynamic responses were largely the same as when these nerves were stimulated separately. The portal pressure affecting mean capillary pressure in the intestine differed, however. Small and variable pressure changes were followed by rapid return towards control and during steady state it did not differ from the prestimulatory level. PMID- 7234440 TI - Blood flow changes in the duck during thermal panting. AB - Carotid and sciatic blood flow have been measured in resting and panting Pekin ducks using electromagnetic flowmeters. Panting induced by high ambient temperature caused the carotid blood flow to increase from 9.6 to 26.0 ml min-1, while the sciatic flow declined slightly from 41.6 to 38.1 ml min-1. During panting breathing rate increased 10--20 times, but there were no significant changes in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. The carotid peripheral resistance was therefore greatly reduced, whereas sciatic resistance remained unchanged or increased slightly. The vascular beds perfused by the sciatic (legs) and carotid (upper respiratory tract) arteries are both important for heat dissipation. This study shows that when heat dissipation from the naked legs becomes inefficient due to high ambient temperature, blood flow in the sciatic tended to decline while conversely panting was associated with a large increase in carotid flow. PMID- 7234437 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity in several rat liver cell fractions after repeated poisoning with some organophosphates. AB - The reported investigations were carried out on female Wistar rats aged about 6 weeks, weighing 150 g. During 28 days the fats were given daily organophosphates (DFP, DDVP, Chlorfenvinphos, IPO-62, IPO-63, Phospholine) in a dose of 1/10 LD50 subcutaneously. The observations were conducted on groups of 8 rats. The body weight of the animals was noted on the 10th, 20th and 28th day of the experiment. On the 28th day the rats were killed and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was determined by the biochemical method of Hestrin in liver homogenate and in the microsomal, mitochondrial and soluble fractions of liver cells. After 28 days of the experiment the body weight of the rats poisoned with these substances amounted to from 80.8% (DFP) to 90.7% (IPO-63) of that in control animals. The AChE activity was also reduced in relation to the control group ranging in the liver homogenate from 49.7% (DFP) to 75.6% (IPO-63), in the microsomal fraction from 33.0% (DFP) to 63.8% (IPO-63), in the mitochondrial fraction from 45.5% (DFP) to 72.9% (IPO-63), and in the soluble fraction from 52.8% (DFP) to 80.5% (DDVP). PMID- 7234442 TI - Cerebrovascular sympathetic denervation and blood-brain barrier function in conscious rats. AB - Electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerves to the cerebrovascular bed enables the resistance vessels to better withstand a high blood pressure in terms of blood-brain barrier integrity. Sympathetic denervation could hence be expected to lead to a decrease in cerebrovascular tone and increased vulnerability of the blood-brain barrier. In the present study acute hypertension was induced in conscious unrestrained rats by administration of angiotensin or bicuculline. The albumin leakage into the brain, as studied by Evans blue-albumin and 125I labelled human serum albumin, was not enhanced in acutely or chronically sympathectomized rats compared to controls. PMID- 7234441 TI - Relation between cell length and force production in urinary bladder smooth muscle. AB - Guinea-pig and rabbit urinary bladders were fixed in glutaraldehyde at different volumes. Strips were dissected out, embedded and cut for phase contrast and electron microscopy. Muscle wall thickness decreased with increased bladder volume as did the radial number of muscle cells. Cell length, measured by a morphometric method increased linearly with bladder radius, indicating that no slippage between the muscle cells occurred. Number of cells per mm2 cross sectional area increased linearly with bladder radius. Volume-active force relations were obtained by pelvic nerve stimulations of guinea pig bladders filled to different volumes. Maximum pressure was obtained at 0.15 ml bladder volume, and maximum wall tension at a volume of 2.5 ml which corresponds to a cell length of 400 micrometers and a cell packing density of about 107 000 x mm 2. Estimation of the length-active tension curve for the average muscle cell in the guinea-pig bladder indicated a maximum active force of 5.5 microN/cell. Maximum active force per cm2 muscle bundle was calculated to be about 59 N. No compensation for extracellular space and nonmuscular tissue within the muscle bundle was made. PMID- 7234443 TI - Dissociation of electrical and mechanical activity caused by vibrations in the spontaneously active smooth muscle of the rat portal vein. AB - The effects of vibrations on the electrical membrane discharge and on the contractile force of the spontaneously active smooth muscle of isolated rat portal vein were studied. The electrical activity was recorded extracellularly and quantitatively related to the mean active force. Sinusoidal vibrations (40 Hz, 2.5--3.0% tissue length peak to peak), applied in the longitudinal direction of the smooth muscle, caused prompt and reversible reduction of active force but neither the pattern of the phasic contractions nor the electrical membrane discharge was altered. The degree of inhibition of mechanical activity increased with vibration amplitude, activity being 50% of control at a vibration amplitude of 12 +/- 4% (mean +/- S.D., n = 8). It is concluded that the induced length changes caused prompt dissociation between electrical membrane discharge and mechanical force development in the vascular smooth muscle. This finding adds support to the previously forwarded hypothesis that vibrations cause inhibition of contracting muscle by direct action on the contractile process. PMID- 7234444 TI - Characterization of contractions in mechanically disaggregated myocardial cells from the rat. AB - Myocardial cell groups, mechanically disaggregated from the rat heart, beat spontaneously in a medium which resembles intracellular fluid. The cells, initially functioning in an uncoordinated way, i.e. each cell in its own rhythm, gradually become coordinated as a function of time. After 90 min of incubation at 15 degrees C all the cell groups were functioning in a coordinated way. The initiation of coordination was temperature-dependent. Lowering the temperature from 15 degrees C to 10 degrees C significantly delays the coordination, only 75% of the cell groups being coordinated after 90 min. The contraction wave in coordinated cell groups was very slow; 90 +/- 7 micrometers/s at 20 degrees C, 100 +/- 6 micrometers/s at 30 degrees C and 100 +/- 7 micrometers/s at 35 degrees C. The velocity of contraction waves was not significantly temperature-dependent, suggesting a neonenzymatical type of propagation. It also seems too slow to be an electrical event. Apparently the contraction waves are propagated by diffusion of Ca2+. The addition of caffeine to the medium hastened the coordination of contractions, but Na-azide strongly inhibited it. The results indicate that the sarcoplasmic reticulum functions in the coordination of contractions, probably by releasing Ca2+ for the activation of the myofilaments. PMID- 7234445 TI - Distensibility of left atrium in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) left atrial mechanoreceptors are reset. Thus, left atrial pressure must be almost twice as high in SHR as in normotensive rats to produce comparable degrees of receptor activation and reflex sympathetic inhibition. The present study was performed to investigate whether this resetting is due to a decreased atrial distensibility in SHR. Static load-length relationships were therefore investigated on isolated left atrial strips from 11 pairs of male SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKR). After each experiment the strips were fixed at a passive tension of 4 mN and the average wall thickness was determined histologically. Furthermore, pressure-volume relationships were studied on non-beating, isolated left atria from SHR and WKR. Distensibility was here defined as % volume increase when LAP was increased from 2.5 to 12.5 mmHg either rapidly (0.5--1 s, "dynamic" distension) or slowly (3 min, "static" distension). Atrial wall thickness did not differ significantly in SHR and WKR, but the passive force (mN) per cross sectional area exerted during elongation above 80% was greater (P less than 0.05) in SHR. Also the "dynamic", but not the "static" volume distensibility was significantly lower in SHR (P less than 0.01). The decreased dynamic distensibility of SHR left atrial walls can at least partly explain the resetting of the atrial receptors activated during the rapid filling phase. PMID- 7234446 TI - Factor in human CSF with apparent morphine-antagonistic properties. PMID- 7234447 TI - Characteristics of right ventricular receptors with non-medullated vagal afferents in the cat. PMID- 7234449 TI - Potential clamp of demyelinated rat nerve fibres. PMID- 7234448 TI - Excessive cellular acidosis: an important mechanism of neuronal damage in the brain? PMID- 7234450 TI - Specific sensations evoked by activity in single identified sensory units in man. PMID- 7234451 TI - Haloperidol and droperidol treatment in schizophrenics. Clinical application of the "prolactin-model". AB - Longitudinal studies are presented in four schizophrenic patients to investigate further the relationship between neuroleptic treatment (haloperidol or droperidol), plasma prolactin response, suppression of neuroleptic-induced prolactin elevation by dopamine infusion, and psychopathological change. Several unexpected findings related to neuroleptic-induced prolactin response and its suppression by dopamine infusion have been observed. Data appear to open up new vistas for the validity of the 'prolactin model' in studying the pharmacodynamics of neuroleptic drugs. PMID- 7234452 TI - Biochemical and neuroendocrine approaches to a malignant syndrome of neuroleptics. AB - A 20 year old patient who has been hospitalized for depressive schizoidia is treated by nomifensine (75 mg/d) plus pimozide (4 mg/d). Four days later, he shows a typical neuroleptic malignant syndrome (Syndrome malin de Delay et Deniker). The biological explorations show that inflammatory blood tests are increased, hepatic tests are disturbed and the pituitary tests suggest a hypothalamic disturbance of the balance between NE and DA (reduced STH, FHS and LH) with a relative NE predominance, but also an increase of DA (increased HVA in CSF. A pathogenic interaction between nomifensine, an antidepressant inhibiting the reuptake of NE and DA, and pimozide, a neuroleptic blocking dopaminergic postsynaptical receptors is to be considered. PMID- 7234454 TI - Influence of estrogens on tuberoinfundibular and striatal dopaminergic systems in the rat. AB - As assessed by changes of prolactin secretion in rat anterior pituitary cells in culture, estrogens can exert a potent antidopaminergic activity at the pituitary level. Androgens and progestins can reverse the effect of estrogens. An interaction of sex steroids at the hypothalamic level on dopamine release and at the pituitary level on dopamine action could also be demonstrated in vivo. Moreover, estrogens exert a similar antidopaminergic activity at the striatal level on dopaminergic-agent-induced acetylcholine accumulation. The observation of a modulation by estrogens of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and tardive dyskinesias suggests the implication of sex steroids in neurology, psychiatry and behavior. PMID- 7234453 TI - Drug-induced alterations of the hypothalamus-hypophysis axis. AB - Omitting hormonal variations caused by other drugs already objects of research, the behaviour pattern of GH, PRL, TSH, following acute administration of cimetidine, nomifensine, domperidone has been considered in normal subjects, in patients with pituitary non-secreting and PRL-secreting adenomas and in patients with amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome without evidence of adenoma. The results confirm the influence which drugs employed in the therapy of non-endocrine diseases provide a way to alter the functions of the hypothalamus, sometimes relatively specifically, and the secretion of pituitary hormones provides us with a possibility of analyzing the CNS output. PMID- 7234456 TI - Vasopressin, oxytocin and memory: effects on consolidation and retrieval processes. AB - Vasopressin and oxytocin of hypothalamic neurosecretory origin affect both consolidation and retrieval of memory but in an opposite manner. Vasopressin facilitates these processes while oxytocin appears to be an amnesic neuropeptide. Additionally, vasopressin and a number of fragments of this peptide are able to prevent but also to reverse experimental amnesia. Structure activity studies suggest that the neurohypophyseal hormones may serve as mothermolecules for behaviorally active peptides which selectively affect consolidation or retrieval processes. The mechanism by which these neuropeptides modulate memory processes is likely an interaction with the impulse flow in aminergic systems in particular in the limbic-midbrain areas. It is suggested that experimental observations may be of predictive value for the clinical use of neuropeptides at memory disturbances. PMID- 7234455 TI - Electrophysiological and psychological changes induced by steroid hormones in men and women. AB - The effects of hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle and of oral contraceptives on the EEG, heart-rate and a number of performance tasks were investigated in 16 female subjects (Ss). Powerspectral analysis in the EEG revealed significantly increased alpha-frequencies and heart-rates during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle whereas the mean theta-frequency and power decreased. A number of psychological test variables, such as reaction time to a tone, to a flickering light and to a colour-tone sequence and the time to solve simple arithmetic problems was shorter at the periovulatory time. Another minimum was reached during the perimenstrual phase. The flicker-fusion-frequency was higher during these two periods. No such effects could be observed when the same Ss were treated with oral contraceptives. It is concluded that the phenomena observed during the luteal phase of the cycle may be the expression of a slight general arousal effect, possibly medicated by progesterone via the noradrenergic system. In a subsequent double blind study 30 male Ss were treated with an gestagenic compound (D-Norgestrel, 2.5 mg/die), an estrogenic compound (estradiolvalerate, 5 mg/die), an androgenic substance (Mesterolone, 100 mg/die) or with placebo. Only treatment with the progestational compound revealed significant changes in the EEG and the performance tests. These changes were qualitatively similar to those observed during the luteal phase of the female Ss. Under both conditions, i.e. the luteal phase and D-Norgestrel treatment, the body temperature was significantly increased. Hence, the question whether gestagens exert their effects directly on CNS structures which modulate EEG appearance and behavior or indirectly via increased body-temperature cannot be answered convincingly. PMID- 7234457 TI - [Use of lysine-vasopressine in the treatment of post-traumatic amnesia (author's transl)]. AB - Following experimental works on the role of vasopressine (ADH) on learning and memory process, we have treated seven subjects suffering from post-traumatic amnesia with Lysine-Vasopressine (LVP), as a nasal spray for 15 days (14 UI per day). All subjects (males, aged 20 to 63) presented a deficit for 3 years, did not follow any treatment and did not hope for any improvement. Five subjects presented a real improvement, either immediately during the treatment, or in a way more progressive some weeks after the end of the treatment. The improvement as today was evidenced by psychological tests (attention and short term visual retention tests) and by electrophysiological methods (measure of amplitude of the VCN). The improvement was mainly on general activity, motivation and capacity for social adaptation. It was associated for four subjects with a marked increases in the level of Neurophysine I. The mode of action of LVP is discussed in light of recent neurochemical and neurophysiological works. PMID- 7234458 TI - Acute effect of drugs upon memory of patients with senile dementia. AB - Memory has been tested in senile demented patients with the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. The processus of memorization can be significantly facilitated in acute conditions by lysin-vasopressin, to a lesser degree by piracetam and highly worsened by scopolamine. No effect of physostigmine has been observed. PMID- 7234459 TI - [Mnesic function in 5 patients suffering from central idiopathic diabetes insipidus (author's transl)]. AB - Mnesic function has been tested in 5 patients suffering from central idiopathic diabetes insipidus 3 days after withdrawal of treatment (DDAVP) and 3 days after substitutive therapy. In general basal scores are low but no specific profile of disturbances has been found, except a general low score at the Benton test. Substitutive therapy induces a general improvement of the scores, mainly in the patients who did show the lower performances before treatment. Although our results are in agreement with positive action of vasopressin on mnesic function, we cannot ascertained that the observed effect is solely due to a central action of the hormone, since some metabolic consequences of the hormone administration (i.e. relapse of nycturia and consequently of sleep disturbances) could have indirect effects of cognitive function. PMID- 7234462 TI - Parental representations of patients with anxiety neurosis. AB - Using a reliable and valid self-report measure of fundamental parental characteristics, the parental representations of 50 anxiety neurotic patients were examined in a controlled study. The patients reported significantly less parental care and greater parental over-protection. Two explanations are favoured. First, the parental characteristics and the higher levels of anxiety in the subjects may be expressions of a third factor, high familial anxiety. Second, that such parental characteristics may be antecedent causes of greater anxiety. PMID- 7234461 TI - Late (4-8 years) outcome of treatment with megadoses of fluphenazine enanthate in drug-refractory schizophrenics. AB - Fourteen schizophrenics who did not respond to standard doses of neuroleptics have been treated with megadoses of fluphenazine enanthate during a period of 4-8 years. Repeated attempts have been made to reduce the dose to the standard dosage. Some of the patients have gradually been transferred to maintenance treatment with standard doses, with megadoses given only during psychotic relapse. The megadose treatment has led to substantial reduction in social disablement, enabling the patients, for instance, to leave the hospital or live in an open ward. These patients have been evaluated with rating scales for psychopathology and side effects, and subjected to EEG, ECG, chest X-ray, and examinations for skin and eye changes and local infiltrations. Laboratory tests, including anti-DNA examination, have also been performed. These patients, treated with high total doses of different oral neuroleptics and fluphenazine depot, showed some EEG and ECG abnormalities, eye changes, slight leucopenia, a low number of staff nuclei neutrophils and infiltrations at the injection site, but these reactions did not result in any practical handicaps. The rating scales showed dyskinetic movements, usually slight, in six out of the 14 patients studied. PMID- 7234460 TI - [Hypothalamoneuropituitary activation during vasodilatator perfusion in normal individuals (author's transl)]. AB - The hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal function has been tested in 9 normal individuals (age 22 - 50; 2 women and 7 men) in the course of a vasodilatator perfusion (sodium nitroprussiate) in standardized conditions. Vasopressin-neurophysin (hNPI), oxytocin-neurophysin (hNPII) and total immunoreactive neurophysins (IRN) have been assayed. Our preliminary results show a clear-cut increase of hNPI and IRN when the decrease of the mean blood-pressure exceeds 20 +/- 10% (15 - 33). There is only a weak, if any, increase of hNPII. There is a highly significant relationship (r : 0.90, p less than 0.01) between maximal increment of IRN and maximal increment of heart frequency suggesting a similar way of activation. Vasodilatator perfusion could be, in the future, a reliable test for hypothalamo neuropituitary function although it's reproducibility has still to be deeper investigated. PMID- 7234463 TI - Study of long-stay patients in mental hospitals in Sri Lanka. AB - A study was made of the long-stay patients at the two mental hospitals in Sri Lanka and a census taken of the total in-patient population. Socio-economic factors contributing to long-stay were high-lighted, and factors to be considered in the rehabilitation and after care of this group discussed. The proportion of patients who became long-stay, and their circumstances, are compared with similar groups in the U.K. PMID- 7234464 TI - Nigerian psychiatry in perspective. AB - The history of Nigerian psychiatry is reviewed, and the main features and leading figures identified. The author then proceeds to discuss future directions to be taken by Nigerian psychiatry, if it is to effectively meet the challenges involved, the most prominent being to provide service for a large but growing population living in rapidly changing times. PMID- 7234465 TI - Depression and cerebrospinal fluid citrate. AB - In relation to studies of calcium metabolism in manic-melancholic patients, the calcium binding metabolite citrate was analyzed in cerebrospinal fluid from 163 psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients. Patients with symptoms of depression, irrespective of whether the origin of the depression was endogenous or exogenous, had significantly higher cerebrospinal fluid citrate concentrations than non psychiatric patients. Manic patients and other psychiatric patients without symptoms of depression were not significantly different from the non-psychiatric patients. When the mood was normalized after various treatments, cerebrospinal fluid citrate decreased in all groups of depressed patients. PMID- 7234467 TI - Cross-cultural approaches to transsexualism. A comparison between Sweden and Australia. AB - Several hypotheses with regard to the influence of societal factors including the rigidity of the society with regard to sex roles, sexual equality and homosexual behaviour were tested comparing prevalence, incidence and sex ratio of transsexualism between Sweden and Australia, two societies which differ with respect to these factors while otherwise remaining comparable as Western democratic societies of about the same size and level of technological development. Significant differences were found between the two countries in both frequency and sex ratio of transsexualism. These findings are discussed and it is concluded that societal influences seem to have an influence on the number of transsexuals presenting as patients. Further research is needed to assess whether these factors also influence aetiology and development of transsexualism. PMID- 7234466 TI - The classification of psychiatric disorder. A reliability study in the WHO collaborative study on strategies for extending mental health care. AB - Altogether 26 psychiatrists and other mental health workers, from Colombia, Brazil, Sudan, Egypt, India and the Philippines tried to reach agreement on the classification of 10 case histories, using the International Classification of Diseases (8th revision). The exercise was part of the WHO Collaborative Study on Strategies for Extending Mental Health Care. Conventions, mistakes, differences of opinion and a lack of rules are discussed as causes for disagreement. PMID- 7234468 TI - Estimates of the prevalence of bipolar affective disorder. Methods based on treatment with lithium. AB - During this century the epidemiology of the affective disorders has been studied, several classifications have been described and effective treatment measures have been introduced. Difficulties have been encountered in the epidemiology area due to inconsistent use of the terminology of measurement and varying types of classification; although it is possible to arrive at a broad consensus of agreement if the data are examined restrictedly. The clinical need for accurate rates of illness has become greater since the inception of the prophylactic drug lithium carbonate. While not used specifically for bipolar affective disorder, it is only for this disorder that its use has been demonstrated beyond doubt. The occurrence of mania in this disorder enables this aspect of the condition to be used as a marker. This paper describes three measures of the period prevalence of bipolar affective disorder, based upon treatment with lithium, two of which are of the "unobtrusive' type. Agreement was found between the three approaches and the utility of these for general use is discussed. PMID- 7234469 TI - Outcome of neurotic disorders in African patients. 8 and 9 year follow-up study. AB - Among 130 patients who attended the neurotic diseases clinic in Benin 1963--1965, it was possible to follow-up 60 patients 8--9 years later. Thirty-four patients were diagnosed as anxiety cases and of these 21 had recovered and a further five were considerably improved. Nineteen patients were considerably improved. Nineteen patients were considered cases of neurotic depression and of these only three had recovered whereas 14 had residual symptoms, although five showed considerable improvement. Two of the depressive patients had died, one during the civil war, the other presumably committed suicide. Of five patients with hysteria, one had recovered and one had become worse, one patient with hypochondriasis had also recovered whereas one patient with obsessional neurosis did not recover. The results are in line with similar European and American follow-up studies of neurotic disorder except that the depressive patients showed a less satisfactory outcome. PMID- 7234470 TI - Effects of brief hospitalization on psychiatric patients' behaviour and social functioning. AB - 224 newly admitted inpatients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups: standard care (length of stay determined by the clinical team) and brief care (acute treatment aimed at effecting the patient's discharge after about a week). Using a new research instrument (the Patient Behaviour Assessment Schedule), information was gathered from the patient's closest relative or friend on a subsample of 99 patients (the "target group"), which actually showed shortened length of hospitalization for brief care patients. There were no significant differences between groups at the two follow-up evaluations on measures of behavioural disturbances and limited social functioning. Results for the whole "target" group reveal that although there was significant improvement in both behaviour and social functioning 2 weeks after admission, there was little subsequent change thereafter. Overall, individual patients demonstrated more improvement in behavioural disturbance than in social functioning at the follow up interview. PMID- 7234471 TI - The temporo-spatial context. A neglected aspect of the depressive response. AB - This study deals with the role of time or space factors in bringing about depressive disorders. Anniversaries, dates or sensory perceptions associated with a depressive experience are seen to act as cues which can automatically unchain a depressive response at a later occasion. In a series of 53 patients suffering with different types of depressive disorders, a group of 18 (one third) were identified as presenting this kind of response. Clinical illustrations and descriptive characteristics are presented, together with an attempt at explantation of some of the mechanisms involved. PMID- 7234472 TI - MAO inhibition and control of anxiety following amitriptyline therapy. A pilot study. AB - In a pilot study, 32 patients with mixed states of anxiety, depression, somatization and panic received amitriptyline for 4 weeks, the dose ranging from 50 to 300 mg/day. Steady-state plasma levels of the drug and activity of platelet monoamine oxidase were measured after 4 weeks. Clinical change was rated, using the SCL-90. Amitriptyline produced a small but significant inhibition of platelet monoamine oxidase activity (range 1.4--82%). A significant positive correlation was noted between MAO inhibition and improvement on somatization, and psychological and panic-phobic components of anxiety, but not for depression. No significant correlations were observed between improvement and combined or separate ami- + nortriptyline plasma levels. PMID- 7234473 TI - Hemispheric quantitative EEG changes following emotional reactions in neurotic patients. AB - Twenty-four right-handed patients undergoing primal therapy served as subjects in the study. They all showed symptoms of tension, anxiety, and/or depression. The patients' right and left temporal EEGs were recorded immediately before and after a therapy session. Recordings were done while the patients were resting, and while they were performing a verbal and a visual task with their eyes closed. The EEG data were analysed off-line with a computer, using quantitative amplitude analysis in the 1.5 to 30 Hz frequency band. A "high intensity" group (n = 13) having high ratings of emotional activity in their therapy session was compared with a "low intensity" group (n = 11) with low ratings. The results showed that only in the "high intensity" group was there a significant increase in mean amplitude and amplitude variance in the right hemisphere, measured across conditions. A between-group comparison revealed that the "high intensity" group showed a significantly larger increase in right hemisphere variance and in right over left variance ratio, relative to the "low intensity" group, in which these variables were almost unchanged. These results indicate a greater involvement of the right hemisphere in emotional activity. It is also suggested that the EEG changes found in the "high intensity" group, following a therapy session, reflect a general deactivation of the brain and a functional improvement of the right hemisphere. PMID- 7234475 TI - Some behavioural and psychological aspects of alcohol and drug dependence in Kuwait Psychiatric Hospital. AB - Seventy Kuwait alcohol and drug-dependent inpatients at Kuwait Psychiatric Hospital were compared with a matched group of 40 abstinent inpatients on a surgical ward in a general hospital in order to find out the drugs abused, pattern of consumption, the effect of prohibition and sanctions, motives, personality type, social complications, religious attitudes and family history. The majority abused alcohol (62%) followed by hypnotics. The reason most frequently stated for starting consumption was to relieve boredom (39%). Gamma type drinking was prominent at an early stage. The addicts showed a greater proportion of abnormal personalities. Prohibition and sanction had little effect but led to a shift to more toxic substances. The most common legal involvement was driving offenses. Compared with the control group there was higher marital instability and a higher incidence of alcohol and/or drug addicts in the families of the experimental group, and they were also less religious. The role of cultural and religious factors is discussed in detail. PMID- 7234476 TI - Mental health and the use of alcohol, tobacco, analgesics and vitamins in a secondary school population. AB - A survey of mental health in relation to patterns of alcohol, tobacco, pharmaceutical drug use and reducing diets was carried out in six Hobart high schools and matriculation colleges. A response rate of 89% was achieved, yielding a sample of 2,419 teenagers. Psychiatric disorder was assessed by the 60-item General Health Questionnaire. A statistically significant association was found between the probability of psychiatric disturbance and the use of alcohol, cigarettes, analgesics, vitamin supplements and weight-reducing diets. PMID- 7234474 TI - Plasma tryptophan binding to albumin in unipolar depressives. AB - The equilibrium binding constants of the interaction of tryptophan with albumin have been determined in plasma samples from both controls and patients suffering from affective disorders. The data corresponded with literature values for both the albumin concentration in plasma and the equilibrium constant for tryptophan binding to albumin. No differences in the equilibrium constants were detected between patients and controls but a small increase in the albumin concentration was noted in the depressives. It was agreed that this rise would be inadequate to lead to a significant effect on free tryptophan levels. Non-esterified fatty acid analysis indicated no differences between patient groups. PMID- 7234477 TI - Effects of parental absence and institutionalization on the development of clinical symptoms in high-risk children. AB - Longitudinal data on 207 Danish subjects at high-risk for schizophrenia (they have schizophrenic mothers) were examined to assess the direct and indirect effects of parental absence and institutionalization on the development of schizophrenic symptomatology. Information on the amount of parental absence and institutional child care during the first through 10th year was collected in 1962. A psychiatric evaluation, consisting of a standardized interview and two questionnaires (PSE and CAPPS), was administered to the subjects in 1972. Factors were constructed relating to eight clinical symptoms from the interview and questionnaires. Path analyses were performed separately for males and females with maternal absence, paternal absence and institutionalization as the predictors and the clinical syndromes as the dependent variables. The analyses showed both direct effects of parental absence and indirect effects mediated by institutionalization. For males, the absence of a schizophrenic mother was related to decreased symptomatology, but only when it did not result in institutionalization. Institutionalization was related to increased symptoms in males but not females. These results are discussed in light of previous research, and explanations are offered for the differential effects by sex. PMID- 7234478 TI - Some clinical aspects of criminology: a study of criminal psychiatric patients at the Lantoro Psychiatric Institution. AB - Mentally ill criminals at Lantoro Institution (an annex of Aro Neuropsychiatric long-stay Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria) were studied. Thirty-six (67.9%) of the 53 patients had committed homicide while 11 (22.7%) had been involved in other offenses against the person. Forty (75.5%) of the 53 patients were diagnosed as schizophrenic patients with the paranoid subtypes predominating. All the 10 epileptics had committed homicide whereas the few cases of organic psychosis had committed less grievous offenses such as disorderly behaviour and stealing. In comparison with the civil (voluntary) admissions to the institution, a greater percentage of the involuntary patients (mentally ill criminals) were found to have lost social contacts especially with their key relatives. Some of the factors thought to be responsible for this phenomenon were the long duration of hospitalization and the social implications of the offenses committed. Measures for rehabilitating the mentally ill criminals in Nigeria were suggested. PMID- 7234480 TI - The frequency of XYY and XXY men among criminal offenders. AB - Among 1,040 consecutive male criminals remitted for mental examination nine had the karyotype 47,XYY, one 48,XXYY and eleven 47,XXY. The types of crime in the XYY men were much like those in the XXY men, the proportion of sexual crimes possibly being greater than among other criminal offenders. The reasons for these findings are discussed. PMID- 7234479 TI - Catecholamines and monoamine oxidase activity in anxiety. AB - Levels of platelet monamine oxidase activity, state anxiety and trait anxiety were quantified twice in 20 drug-free subjects with generalized anxiety and an equal number of healthy drug-free controls at 4-week intervals. Fifteen subjects in each groups also had plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine measured. The index group received relaxation training during the interval between the two evaluation sessions. Post-relaxation training values for monoamine oxidase, epinephrine, norepinephrine and the anxiety levels were found to be significantly lower than the pre-treatment values for the index group. No significant changes were seen in the control group values. For the index group, catecholamine levels and monoamine oxidase activity were seen to correlate significant before and after relaxation training. PMID- 7234481 TI - Manic-depressive states and daily temperature. Some circadian studies. AB - Proceeding from the hypothesis of disturbed circadian rhythms in endogenous depression, we observed the oral temperature of four patients in a long-term study. The results showed the following: 1) Depression is linked to higher mean daily temperatures compared with normal states. In manic states, the mean daily temperature is even higher than in depressive states. Sleep deprivation as effective treatment causes a decrease in mean daily temperature. 2) The daily temperature maximum changes its position in depressive states. This is interpreted as indicating a disturbed circadian system. 3) A period shorter or longer than 24 h cannot be observed in depressive states. PMID- 7234482 TI - Ascending lumbar veins. Catheterization technique and radiographic anatomy. AB - The normal anatomy of the ascending lumbar veins and a catheterization technique used to demonstrate these veins at phlebography are reported. The use of this examination when dealing with malignant disease in the abdomen and retroperitoneal region is not warranted, on account of the wide range of anatomic and phlebographic variation. PMID- 7234483 TI - Electrolyte destruction of lung tissue. Electrochemical aspects. AB - The electrochemical basis for tissue destruction by electrolysis was analysed. Electrolytic lesions from pig lungs had a higher content of organically bound chlorine than normal tissue and it is suggested that chlorine, liberated at the anode, is the principal agent in the electrolytic destruction of tissue. The electrode systems that were most effective in destroying tissue produced the lesions with the highest content of chlorine. Experiments in physiologic saline established that a current density of 40 mA/cm2 gave the best yield of chlorine. PMID- 7234484 TI - Blood inflow and coagulation in vascular catheters. Comparison of the effect of polysaccharide solutions, saline and contrast medium. AB - Inflow of blood into intraarterial catheters in dogs following single and continuous injections of saline, contrast medium and polysaccharide fluids were analysed with special reference to the influence of their density and viscosity. Clot formation was also analysed and the favourable properties of one variant of the polysaccharide fluids were demonstrated. PMID- 7234487 TI - Radiologic low-dose pelvimetry. Indications and pelvimetry data. AB - In large patient populations from Karolinska Sjukhuset, radiologic pelvimetry data including mean values and correlation of the pelvic diameters have been defined. Overall incidence of contraction and borderline pelvic measurements and the efficacy of selecting by palpation the patients with a narrow pelvis have been evaluated. The indications for pelvimetry were related to an earlier period. By re-evaluation of the clinical application of pelvimetry a modified routine low dose pelvimetry is proposed. From measurement of the transverse outlet diameters on an orthodiagraphic a.p. film the sum of the outlet diameters is estimated and a supplementary lateral film is exposed in selected cases. Employing pelvimetry in all primigravidae by the orthodiagraphic a.p. film would still result in a lower total population dose than does the presently used routine of complete pelvimetry, consisting of the same a.p. and lateral films, in selected cases. PMID- 7234485 TI - Heart volumes and measures of the circulatory capacity in young and middle-aged men and women. AB - An acceptable method and equations for predicting the total heart volume from correlations to physiologic variables in young and middle-aged healthy persons are presented. Body weight gives more predictive information than body surface area. The use of the total hemoglobin mass and measures of physical work capacity as variables in addition to body weight will only increase the accuracy of the prediction relatively slightly. PMID- 7234486 TI - Angiography of the ovarian artery in adnexal lesions. AB - Selective catheterization of the ovarian artery was performed in 39 women with pelvic tumor. Previously the combination of ultrasound and bilateral selective internal iliac angiography was proven to be valuable in the evaluation of gynecologic lesions. The present series demonstrates that selective ovarian angiography still enhances the possibilities for a correct preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 7234488 TI - Percutaneous nephropyelostomy. A new technique. AB - Percutaneous nephropyelostomy was carried out in 33 patients with a modified technique. The puncture was performed under control by dynamic ultrasound with a sector-scanner using a needle guide unit fitted to the transducer head and primary insertion of a wide-bore catheter. After 2 days the catheter could be replaced by a balloon catheter for permanent or temporary drainage. PMID- 7234489 TI - Computed tomography in staging of bladder carcinoma. AB - A comparison was made between the use of clinical methods and computed tomography for staging of carcinoma of the urinary bladder in 52 patients. CT was found to be the most reliable method for determining the perivesical extension of the tumour. It is of value for determining the extent of the tumour before irradiation and for establishing the tumour response. It was less reliable for diagnosing metastases in the lesser pelvis. PMID- 7234490 TI - Quantitative Doppler and ultrasound measurements in surgically performed arteriovenous fistulas of the arm. AB - Quantitative Doppler flow velocity determinations were made combined with ultrasound estimation of the arterial diameter of the feeding vessel in arteriovenous fistulas of the arm used both for dialysis administration of cytostatics and parenteral nutrition. In 83 patients flow velocity alone was determined while the volume flow was calculated in 63. The effect of the length of the dialysis period and age of the fistula on the different parameters is discussed. PMID- 7234491 TI - Phlebography in crural hematoma. Differential diagnosis from recent deep vein thrombosis. AB - Fifteen cases of crural hematoma in which phlebography had been performed were revised. A phlebography was often normal in an early stage of hematoma. In major crural hematoma compression, displacement and occlusion of the deep venous system occurred. Non-filling of deep veins occurred in 6 cases, and venous thrombosis should therefore only be diagnosed on the basis of constant filling defects. PMID- 7234492 TI - Double-contrast tomography of the temporomandibular joint. A new technique based on autopsy specimen examinations. AB - Double-contrast tomography was applied to temporomandibular joint autopsy specimens. Both joint compartments were given successive injections of air-iodine contrast medium-air. Tomography was performed in lateral and a.p. projections using a multi-film cassette. The shape of the disc and joint compartments was well demonstrated. The influence of the tomographic level and the position of the condyle on the appearance of the disc was analysed. PMID- 7234493 TI - Vertebral body size in lumbar spinal canal stenosis. AB - The transverse and sagittal diameters of the lumbar vertebral bodies have been compared in patients with symptoms and myelographic findings consistent with stenosis of the lumbar canal, in patients with some narrowing of the lumbar canal, and in patients without clinical or myelographic indication of stenosis. No significant difference in the measured diameters was found. PMID- 7234494 TI - Receptor saturation in roentgen films. AB - Roentgen-film recording of small object details of low attenuation differences (e.g. pulmonary vessels) is regularly seen to be impaired when the film is exposed to yield high values of optical density (D). The high-density failure is due to receptor saturation, which implies that at high exposure values most silver halide grains of the film are made developable, leaving few grains available to receive additional informative photons. The receptor saturation is analysed by means of a mathematical model of a non-screen film yielding Dmax = 2.0. Optimum recording, defined by maximum signal-to-noise ratio in the image, is found at D = 0.64, corresponding to, on an average, 1.6 photons absorbed per grain. On the other hand, maximum contrast occurs at D approximately 1.4, where, on the average, 3.6 photons are absorbed per grain. The detective quantum efficiency of the film, i.e. the fraction of the photons actually contributing to the information content of the image, drops from 41 per cent at maximum signal-to noise ratio to a mere 10 per cent at maximum contrast. Receptor saturation does not manifest itself as 'mottle' in the image--it is therefore easily overlooked. The importance of adequate removal of secondary radiation is emphasised by these results. PMID- 7234495 TI - Relationship between radiologic and clinical findings in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A series of 188 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was followed up for 3 to 12 years. An association was found between radiologic progression and limitation of motion for all the joints. Remission of the inflammation occurred more often in the small joints. Early radiologic involvement was most frequent in the upper limb joints and metatarso-phalangeal joints. Clinically, no significant differences existed between upper and lower limbs in the early stages. The single metatarso-phalangeal, metacarpo-phalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers were not more often involved, radiologically or clinically, than many other joints. Four different types of relationship between radiologic progression, on one hand, and articular swelling and tenderness, on the other, were observed. PMID- 7234498 TI - Hepatic surgery. PMID- 7234496 TI - Renal osteodystrophy in non-dialysed patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Radiologic bone lesions in 92 non-dialysed patients with chronic renal failure are described. The bone disease increased with the severity of renal failure. In a prospective series of 20 patients progression of osteodystrophy and decrease in metacarpal bone mass were demonstrated. PMID- 7234497 TI - Noise and noise texture in CT images before and after post-processing. AB - Two homogeneous water phantoms were recorded under various CT scanner settings, and the reducing effect of various convolution filters on the noise level was evaluated. The change in noise texture introduced by the filtering process was assessed for a limited range of scanner settings by noise analysis of the autocovariance matrix before and after filtering. The results indicate that reduction of noise expressed as RMSD by a factor of about 8 is possible with the filters available in the software package of the Ohio-Nuclear Delta 50 FS tomograph, with some sacrifice in spatial resolution. Results of preliminary experiments with an inhomogeneous phantom are in agreement with this finding and indicate that filtering allows smaller lesions to be detected. PMID- 7234499 TI - Alcohol and liver damage. PMID- 7234502 TI - Patient report validated against prescription records for measuring use of and compliance with antihypertensive drugs. AB - Drug use and patient compliance in antihypertensive treatment were studied by interview and validated with prescription records in a Finnish population. The original study population consisted of 675 hypertensives identified in a 6.6% random survey of the 25-59-year-old population in 1972. At re-examination in 1977, 310 of the 570 participants had then used antihypertensive drugs during the preceding year. Two thirds renewed prescriptions appropriately within 70% of the correct time (considered as good compliance). Prescription filling patterns of the re-examination non-participants did not differ from those of the participants. Eight per cent of the participants reported not having followed prescription instructions. There was 94% agreement between the re-examination and prescription records; 5% reported taking fewer drugs than the records showed and 1% reported taking more. Drug history given by the patient gave accurate information about the number and type of drugs in use. However, patient interview gave an overestimation of compliance. PMID- 7234503 TI - Physical activity at work and at leisure in relation to coronary risk factors and social class. A 4-year mortality follow-up. The Oslo study. AB - The association between physical activity at work and at leisure, coronary risk factors, social class and mortality has been studied in about 15000 Oslo men, aged 40-49, without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes at a screening examination for coronary risk factors. Four-year total and CHD mortality showed a decrease with increasing degree of leisure activity, and an increase with increasing work activity. The three conventional coronary risk factors--serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and number of cigarettes--associated negatively with physical leisure activity, whereas they all associated positively with physical activity at work. Men in lower social classes were less active at leisure but more active at work than men in the higher classes. In a multivariate analysis of variance with coronary risk score (based on SBP, serum total cholesterol and number of cigarettes), social class and physical activity, the predictive power of physical leisure activity for future death was almost as good as the coronary risk score. Physical activity at work, on the other hand, was not an independent risk factor either for total or for CHD mortality. PMID- 7234500 TI - Liver injury in chronic alcoholism: clinical, laboratorial and histological correlation. PMID- 7234501 TI - Penicillamine in 1980. PMID- 7234505 TI - Time and intensity of first pollen contacts and risk of subsequent pollen allergies. AB - We find that the risks of immediate hypersensitivity to grass and mugwort pollens, as measured by a skin test, are positively correlated with the intensity of the first pollen season encountered in infancy. However, only indirect measures of the intensity of the pollen seasons (weather factors and vegetative growth of grasses) were available for the regression analysis performed. The risks were also dependent on the month of birth, maximal risk for both grass and mugwort pollen sensitivity being associated with birth in April-May. The results support an earlier suggestion that pollen contacts during the first 6 months of life increase the risk of pollen allergy for 20 years or more. We estimate that the elimination of early pollen contacts could have reduced the prevalence of immediate hypersensitivity to grass and mugwort pollens by approximately 20% each in the age group 0-19 years. PMID- 7234504 TI - Surgical treatment of bacterial endocarditis. A review and follow-up of 36 patients. AB - Prosthetic valve implantation was performed in 36 patients with bacterial endocarditis. Thirty-two of them were in functional class III or IV (NYHA). The early mortality rate was 16.7%. In six patients perivalvular fistulas occurred and were of haemodynamic significance in three of them. At follow-up after 44 months on average, the clinical condition was excellent (functional class I or II) in 20 of the 26 survivors. The results encourage an active attitude towards surgical intervention in patients with valvular insufficiency due to bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 7234506 TI - Biochemical and circulatory parameters during purely mental stress. AB - In order to evaluate biochemical and circulatory parameters during purely mental stress, 20 healthy medical students were studied before, during and at the end of an important written medical examination. Plasma catecholamines and diastolic blood pressure rose significantly during the examination, whereas systolic blood pressure did not change and heart rate declined. Continuous ECG recording in 12 of the subjects showed a high peak in heart rate at the start of the examination, quickly followed by a rapid decline to values seen on the previous day. It is suggested that in mental stress without physical effort, the enhanced sympathetic activity triggers an increase in parasympathetic activity which overrides the circulatory effects of the former. PMID- 7234507 TI - Routine laboratory tests in relation to spleen size and tumour involvement in untreated Hodgkin's disease. AB - A number of routine laboratory tests were studied in 39 untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease with respect to size and tumour involvement of the spleen. Eighteen patients with tumour-engaged spleens had lower total lymphocyte counts and IgG and IgM levels than patients with non-involved spleens. However, no significant differences in these respects were found between patients with tumour involved spleens weighing less than 500 g and patients without splenic tumour involvement. Hemoglobin values were inversely and reticulocyte counts positively correlated with the weight of involved spleens. Remaining laboratory variables under study, e.g. total granulocyte counts, platelet counts, ESR and liver enzymes, were not associated with the size or tumour involvement of the spleen. It may be concluded that routine laboratory tests yield no specific information as to splenic tumour involvement or size. PMID- 7234508 TI - Runner's anemia and iron deficiency. AB - Systemic iron deficiency was found in 63 (56%) of 113 joggers and competition runners (33 women and 80 men). Thirteen women and ten men had latent anemia. A majority of the women were fertile with iron loss from menstruation; the men were runners training long distances. The average transferrin iron-binding capacity was 80 mu mol/l serum in the women and 77 (iron-binding groups) in the men. The haptoglobin and iron concentrations in serum were remarkably low (most often below 10 and 20 mu mol/l, respectively). Three of the long-distance runners ran 25 km daily. They returned with so much free hemoglobin in their plasma that an accompanying iron loss (integrated over months), if not balanced by diet, would lead to iron deficiency and anemia. Oral iron therapy (200 mg ferrous sulphate per day) normalized the hemoglobin concentration and improved the transferrin saturation fraction in 61 persons. The competition runners reported personal records. PMID- 7234509 TI - The clinical significance of macrocytosis. AB - The cause of macrocytosis (mean corpuscular volume (MCV) greater than or equal to 105 fl) was investigated over a period of 16 months in the 70 known cases of +/- 4000 patients seen by the Department of Internal Medicine. By means of simple laboratory investigations the cause of elevated MCV was found in more than 90% of the cases. We found vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency in 27 patients, alcohol abuse in 18, chronic persistent hepatitis in 2, hematological (pre-) malignancy in 9, hemolysis in 4, hypothyroidism in 2, and a drug effect in one patient. In 6 cases the elevated MCV could not be explained. Macrocytosis, a frequent finding that is not related to the hemoglobin concentration, is an indicator of serious pathology. The MCV level can be used to differentiate between the diagnostic categories. Only 21 patients (30%) had megaloblastic erythropoiesis that was difficult to recognize in the peripheral blood. Among the findings at routine laboratory investigations an elevated MCV may be the only indicator of vitamin deficiency, preleukemia or alcoholism. PMID- 7234510 TI - The folic acid absorption test compared with other laboratory tests for malabsorption. AB - In 25 patients with malabsorption, the folic acid urinary excretion (TRIFA) test was compared with the degree of steatorrhoea, the Schilling test, and the D xylose test. No correlation was found between the faecal lipid excretion, the Schilling test, and the TRIFA test, whereas the TRIFA test did correlate fairly well with the D-xylose test. It is concluded that the TRIFA test does not replace estimations of faecal lipid excretions in the diagnosis of intestinal malabsorption. As it mainly supplies information about absorptional capacity in the upper small bowel, it is complementary to the Schilling test, which chiefly measures the absorption in the lower intestine. Finally, the TRIFA test has several advantages over the D-xylose test in practical clinical use. PMID- 7234511 TI - Serum ferritin in alcoholics and the relation to liver damage, iron state and erythropoietic activity. AB - Serum ferritin was measured in two groups of alcoholics; one comprised 71 individuals on ambulatory control and with varying current alcohol intake and the other 19 alcoholics followed with serial determinations during two weeks of abstinence Serum ferritin was elevated in 26 subjects in the larger group, and 22 of them had elevated ASAT and ALAT values. Low-grade but significant correlations were found between serum levels of ferritin and serum concentrations of some variables used to detect liver affection (ASAT, ALAT, bilirubin and gamma-GT). Serum ferritin and ASAT declined in a parallel fashion in the 19 patients studied longitudinally, so that the ferritin:ASAT ratio described a straight line. No correlation was found between serum ferritin or the serum ferritin:ASAT ratio and serum iron. Neither was any correlation observed between the magnitude of the changes in serum ferritin and the changes in serum iron, serum transferrin or circulating platelets or reticulocytes observed in the serially followed alcoholics. These data indicate that elevated serum ferritin in alcoholics is associated with the degree of liver affection and not with the degree of erythropoietic activity. PMID- 7234512 TI - A case with severe diarrhoea and Strongyloides stercoralis infection. AB - A case with severe diarrhoea and Strongyloides stercoralis infection is described. Further examination showed that the patient also had abnormal colonization of the duodenum with Hafnia alvei and that this disappeared when the Strongyloides infection was treated with mebendazole. Symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhoea, "skin rash" and malabsorption in association with blood eosinophilia should arouse suspicion of strongyloidiasis. PMID- 7234513 TI - Carotid baroreceptor reflex in man, its modulation over the respiratory cycle. AB - Carotid baroreceptors were stimulated in 40 healthy volunteers by a rapid increase of the carotid transmural pressure due to subatmospheric pressure applied to a tight neck chamber (neck suction). Heart rate, arterial blood pressure and respiratory response were recorded. Reflex vagal inhibition of the sinus node preceded a blood pressure fall. Cardiac response adapted in a few seconds during prolonged baroreceptor stimulation, whereas reflex hypotension was maintained over the whole stimulation period applied up to 30 s. Augmented inspiratory movements were observed during neck suction. Short-lasting baroreceptor stimuli produced much less cardiac inhibition if applied during the early inspiratory than during the expiratory phase. On the peak and on the plateau of the voluntarily sustained deep inspirations, a spontaneous sinus bradycardia and a facilitation of the baroreceptor-cardiac reflex appeared. Voluntarily delayed expiration following deep and sustained inspiration coincided with cardioacceleration and baroreflex inbibition. Thus voluntarily Imposed, breathing patterns may reverse both respiratory sinus arrhythmia and cyclical modulation of the baroreflex responsiveness over the respiratory cycle. PMID- 7234514 TI - Effects of red nucleus lesions on forelimb movements in the cat. AB - The effects of uni- and bilateral lesions of the red nucleus on the ability to retrieve food with a forepaw from food wells of different shape were analyzed. Movements which required the use of distal muscles, e.g. retrieving food from narrow horizontal and vertical tubes, were more affected than movements primarily involving more proximal muscles. A decrease in the digital skill occurred during at least 4 months after the surgery, even in the case of subtotal lesions of the red nucleus. The effects of uni- and bilateral rubral lesions appeared to be essentially similar. PMID- 7234515 TI - Effects of pyramidal lesions on forelimb movements in the cat. AB - The effects of uni- and bilateral transections of the medullary pyramids on movements requiring differential use of distal forelimb muscles were studied. The pyramidotomy abolished for more than one year the ability to solve tasks which required flexion and adduction of the digits involved in grasping, e. g. to extract food from narrow horizontal and vertical tubes; unilateral and bilateral pyramidal lesions had comparable effects. In other tasks, involving primarily movements of more proximal muscles, e. g. in retrieving food from behind vertical bars or from between vertical walls, the impairment was both less pronounced and shorter lasting; unilateral pyramidal lesions produced in these movements smaller deficits than bilateral lesions. PMID- 7234516 TI - Motor effects of cortical stimulation after chronic lesion of medullary pyramid in the dog. AB - In dogs with unilateral pyramidal lesions the motor cortex on both hemispheres was stimulated under Nembutal anesthesia to study the effects of pyramidotomy upon cortically induced movements. Pyramidal lesions resulted in an almost complete abolition of foretoes flexions and marked reduction of wrist ventriflexions. Other movements were not noticeably affected, except for their increased thresholds. The increase in the thresholds of movements elicited from the affected hemispheres diminished as a function of the length of postoperative survival period, so that 6 mo after pyramidotomy the thresholds on the operated side approximated the values obtained on the normal hemispheres. PMID- 7234517 TI - Tuning of the spinal generators: modelling study. AB - To solve the problem of minimalization of the control (tuning) signals to the spinal generator organizing the locomotor pattern of limb movements a model of neuronal net, forming a part of spinal generator which coordinates limb movements was designed. The model net was constructed of analog inhibitory neurons. The model was verified on the basis of data obtained in electrophysiological and behavioral investigations of cat locomotion. The results support the hypothesis that limb coordination is due to supraspinal influences determining the level of excitation and the way of coupling of spinal subsystems. The control of model?s acting can be achieved by tonic excitatory signals only. It is proposed that the spinal structures taking part in a process of limb coordination form two subsystems, one generating the general cycle of limb movement and the second one controlling the activity of individual muscles. PMID- 7234519 TI - Evoked response correlates of letter recognition. AB - The positive late wave of the average evoked responses induced by tachistoscopic presentation of single letters had a higher amplitude when the letters were correctly recognized than when they were not. The results suggest that the late positive component of VER is a correlate of complex cognitive processes engaged in object?s identification. PMID- 7234518 TI - Dependence of the delay time for smooth pursuit eye movements in man on the velocity of the visual target. AB - Experiments were performed to measure the dependence of the delay time of the appearance of the first saccade preceding smooth eye movement on the velocity of the target. A clear hyperbolic dependence was found meaning that the delay time is composed of at least two components, i.e. the time needed to measure the stimulus velocity and the time to select one program for the smooth eye movement. The results are interpreted on the assumption that these movements are preprogrammed rather than of servomotor type. PMID- 7234520 TI - Emotionality and exploratory behavior following cortico-basomedial amygdala lesion in rat. AB - Twelve rats with amygdaloid lesion (CBM group) and 20 sham operated (Control group) were tested. Emotional reactivity evaluated by six category scale showed transient decrease in CBM group with respect to Control one. The CBM lesion enhanced the locomotor activity in electromagnetic activity meter in the initial phase of confinement in the apparatus. Open-field ambulation was higher in CBM rats than in controls on the first day of examination, while on the second day both groups showed similar locomotor activity. No between group differences were found in response to introduction of novel object. Both groups preferred to stay in box placed in open-field than move around the field. However, CBM rats were engaged in box exploration, whereas controls spent major proportion of time sitting motionless. These results indicate that CBM lesion increases some components of response to novelty. The pattern of changes and their transitory character suggest that cortico-basomedial region of the amygdala is involved in the control of processes underlying the initial phase of responding to novel environment. PMID- 7234521 TI - Differential effect of ventro-medial amygdalar lesions on the ingestion of different foods. AB - The electrolytic lesions of the ventro-medial part of the amygdala in cats increased the cereal and milk intake and reduced the ingestion of meat. In consequence hyperphagia, hyperdipsia of milk and a significant increase of the total caloric intake developed only in cats fed cereal and milk. In cats fed milk and meat hyperdipsia and hypophagia, both of about 50 percent appeared, causing a small decrease of total caloric intake, and in cats receiving all kinds of food used in these experiments a similar depression in meat and increase in cereal and milk ingestion resulted only in a slight augmentation of caloric consumption. Thus, the ventro-medial amygdalar area controls the quality of the food ingested. It is suggested that the nutritional value of the protein component of the available solid food plays an important role. However, the intake of milk containing a high percentage of water seems to be independent of this regulation. PMID- 7234522 TI - Enhancement of bar-pressing rate in rats by the conditioned inhibitor of the CER. AB - The acquisition and stability of the conditioned inhibition of conditioned suppression (CER) was studied in two groups of 16 rats. The intensity of a white noise CS influenced the speed of CER acquisition and the amount of suppression. However, CS intensity exerted no effect on subsequent inhibitory training. During inhibitory training two kind of trials were presented: the CS paired with unavoidable shock and the same CS preceded and accompanied by the conditioned inhibitor (CI) consisting of offset of the house light. After only brief training the CS presented with the background of the CI lost nearly all suppressing properties, and concurently the suppressing effect of the CS paired with shock was markedly attenuated as well. At the end of training the CI typically enhanced on-going bar-pressing behavior. Some rats did not reach the required criterion of differential responding on the two kind of trials since the CS completely lost suppressing properties on regular CER trials. Differential responding of other rats was resistant to manipulations involved in frontal brain lesions. Reports of enhanced bar-pressing observed in number of CER studies were reviewed and discussed. PMID- 7234525 TI - The acute pretrigeminal rat. AB - In five rats the brainstem was transected at the pretrigeminal level. In the frontal cortex, desynchronized EEG activity dominated, while in the dorsal hippocampus theta activity of low frequency (about 4 cycle/s) was almost continuously present. Olfactory and visual stimuli and electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus induced or increased cortical EEG desynchronization and increased the regularity and the frequency of the theta activity in the hippocampus. However, visual stimuli were effective only in three rats. Ocular responses (pupillary dilatation, eye movements) were never observed to any stimulation. It is suggested that similarly as in the pretrigeminal cat, the isolated cerebrum is awake in the pretrigeminal rat. PMID- 7234523 TI - Manipulatory forelimb movements in normal and pyramidotomized dogs. AB - Normal and unilaterally pyramidotomized dogs were trained to retrieve food from various test devices to allow an estimation of the importance of the pyramidal tract for forelimb movements. The effects of pyramidotomy were relatively weak on movements which to a least extent required use of distal muscles. They were strongest on movements in which wrist flexion and toes flexion and adduction were necessary to get hold of the food. The latter tasks, however, were also among the most difficult ones for normal dogs. The deficits of movements performed after pyramidotomy were similar as previously found in cats if allowance is made for generally weaker components of distal limb muscles in the dog than in the cat. PMID- 7234524 TI - Generation of respiratory pattern in the rabbit -- brainstem transections revisited. AB - The effects of unilateral transection of the lower brainstem on the generation of central respiratory rhythm and its amplitude were studied in halothane anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated rabbits. Transections involving N. VII or rostral part of N. r VII elicited apneustic pattern of discharge in both phrenic nerves. Lesions made at more caudal levels (1.5-3.5 mm rostral to obex) restored a more normal pattern of discharge as far as frequency is concerned, but reduced the amplitude, particularly in the ipsilateral phrenic nerve. Sections below the obex abolished the activity of the ipsilateral phrenic n. Since classical midpontine sections did not, elicit apneustic discharge, it is possible that this pattern is produced by modifications in the number and functional connections of inspiratory-inhibitory neurons. PMID- 7234527 TI - The future of neurosurgery. PMID- 7234526 TI - Utility of the neurological examination in rats. AB - This study presents general observations of neurological examination in rats after various CNS manipulations. The examination consisted of neurologic reactions as described in Bures and co-workers. Subjects studied were controls, hippocampal irradiates, and animals with cerebellar lesions or midline cerebellar transplants. Utility of the procedure as an adjunct to more detailed testing is discussed. PMID- 7234530 TI - Tracer clearance studies in hydrocephalus: a critique. AB - Quantitative isotope ventriculography (QIV) has been suggested as a method for diagnosing hydrocephalus and predicting the results of CSF shunt insertion. However, the physiological significance of this and other tracer clearance studies is questionable. Using a simplified mathematical model for tracer clearance following ventricular injection, a series of isotope retention curves were generated by an IBM 360-40 computer. The author shows that the tracer clearance from the CSF is just as dependent on the volume of the CSF compartment as it is on the rate of CSF absorption. This means, for example, that doubling the CSF volume without diminishing absorption (cerebral atrophy) yields the same results as halving the absorption rate in patient with normal CSF volume (early hydrocephalus). In order for tracer clearance studies to measure CSF absorption, to determine the presence of hydrocephalus, and to predict the results of shunting, an accurate measure of CSF volume must be obtained. PMID- 7234529 TI - Some principles of postoperative epidural pressure monitoring. AB - A retrospective analysis is presented of 115 cerebral tumour cases where continuous epidural pressure (EDP) monitoring was carried out postoperatively using an implantable transducer constructed on a coplanar principle. Correct implantation of the transducer is crucial to reliable measurement. The influence of transducer location on EDP is highly significant and can be accounted for at least partly by hydrostatic forces. The effect of postural changes similarly has a hydrostatic component. Clinically complicated cases were usually easily distinguishable from uncomplicated cases with a similar transducer location. EDP is usually low in the absence of complications during the first 6 to 12 hours postoperatively. For postoperative monitoring, an EDP transducer should be placed as near to the site of surgery as possible for maximum sensitivity to local pressure changes and the earliest detection of complications. PMID- 7234528 TI - Intracranial hypertension and brain oedema in albino rabbits. Part I: Experimental models. AB - Three models of experimental cerebral oedema in rabbits are described, one producing vasogenic oedema with a cold lesion, the other producing a cytotoxic cerebral oedema with a metabolic inhibitor, 6-aminonicotinamide (6-ANA), and finally a model employing in the same animal both vasogenic and cytotoxic injuries. The following parameters were assessed: behaviour, EEG, intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral elastance (Em), blood brain barrier integrity, brain water, electrolyte content, and volume change. Behaviour was normal in the cold lesion group, was abnormal following the administration of 6-ANA, and pronouncedly abnormal in animals with a combined lesion. Mean ICP (PaCO2 37 +/- 42 torr) in the control group was 2.7 +/- 2 torr, in the cold lesion group 8.4 +/ 6, in the 6-ANA group it was 8.7 +/- 4, and in the combined lesion group 15.8 +/- 8 torr. Em for the control group was 2.6 +/- 1.3 torr, in the cold lesion group it was 5.6 +/- 4 torr, in the 6-ANA group it was 8.8 +/- 5 torr, and in the combined lesion group it was 8.0 +/- 4 torr. The 6-ANA group manifested oedema that involved primarily the grey matter. In the control animals grey matter water content was 79.99 +/- 0.8%, and in the 6-ANA group it was 81.73 +/- 0.9% (P less than 0.001). A group had both grey and white matter content measurements under the area of a sham lesion, and this was 79.2 +/- 1.3% for the left hemisphere and 79.1 +/- 1.3% for the right. Following a cold lesion of the left hemisphere, the water content was 81.85 +/- 1% (P less than 0.005), and 80.25 +/- 1% (P less than 0.01) in the unlesioned right hemisphere. In those animals with combined cold lesion and 6-ANA administration, the water content of the left hemisphere increased to 82.8 +/- 1% (P less than 0.05 from vasogenic oedema alone), and in the right hemisphere to 81.1 +/- 1% (P less than 0.5 from vasogenic oedema alone). PMID- 7234532 TI - Evaluation of disturbances of consciousness. AB - Consciousness as the highest form of neuronal activity is very difficult to define. It is superior to unconditioned reflex activity and vigilance, and its most important sign is verbal signalization. Therefore, a scheme of evaluation of impaired consciousness was elaborated by the author, in which in the first group a strong painful impulse is the stimulus, in the second group of consciousness proper the word is the stimulus. This simple scheme of 8 points can be applied also by nurses. PMID- 7234531 TI - The incidence of postoperative seizures. AB - Overall, supratentorial neurosurgical procedures are associated with a 17% risk of developing postoperative seizures. The incidence varies, but treatment of an arteriovenous malformation, an intracerebral haematoma, a middle cerebral artery aneurysm, an abscess, and meningiomas carry the highest risk. The role of prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy is discussed. PMID- 7234534 TI - Ependymal reaction after experimental spinal cord injury. AB - Images of ependymal cell proliferation after experimental spinal cord injury in the rabbit are presented. This finding suggests that segmental central canal obliteration after injury could be considered in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic syringomyelia. PMID- 7234533 TI - Traumatic arteriovenous fistulae of the middle meningeal artery and neighbouring veins or dural sinuses. AB - Systematic review of the cerebral angiograms of 446 head trauma patients (1971 1978) revealed the presence of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) in 8 cases (1.8%), the total number of angiographically demonstrable injuries of the MMA being 18 (4%). AV fistulae of the MMA may prevent formation of epidural haematoma, but they are frequently associated with so severe damage to skull and brain that prognosis is nevertheless grave. A close relationship between the tighter adherence of the dura to bone in older age and development of an AV fistula of the MMA following trauma to the skull may be presumed. PMID- 7234535 TI - Cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis. Anatomical, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations. AB - This article describes a case of cauda equina syndrome associated with ankylosing spondylitis, and reviews 28 additional cases in the literature. The neurological symptoms appear late in the evolution of spondylitis, when it is at an inactive stage. The diagnosis is easily confirmed by myelography, with watersoluble contrast and performed in a supine position, and by computerized tomography (CT) scan of the lumbar spine. The typical features are dilated lumbar sac with multiple dorsal diverticula. The pathogenesis of this entity remains the subject of speculation. Arachnoiditis with subsequent adhesions is the most likely explanation. No treatment has proved helpful so far. Surgery is not indicated. PMID- 7234536 TI - Primary carpal tunnel stenosis as a cause of entrapment of the median nerve. AB - The aetiology of carpal tunnel syndrome in about 50% of patients is not clear. These patients are frequently older woman. Measurements of the carpal tunnel cross-sectional area in eleven female patients revealed a narrow carpal tunnel as compared with female or male controls. Primary carpal tunnel stenosis as a cause of entrapment of the median nerve is postulated. PMID- 7234537 TI - [Ultrasonographic study of cystic kidney pathology]. PMID- 7234538 TI - [Urinary lithiasis in children. (Is Mexico a model of an endemic area?)]. PMID- 7234539 TI - [Epidermization of the stoma in cutaneous ureterostomy]. PMID- 7234540 TI - [Remote results of uretero-ileoplasty with regard to infections, reflux and stenosis]. PMID- 7234541 TI - [Thermography and varicocele]. PMID- 7234542 TI - [Importance of selective arteriography of the internal pudendal artery in the diagnosis of sexual impotence of somatic origin]. PMID- 7234546 TI - [Reaming and root canal disinfection]. PMID- 7234548 TI - [Periodontal surgery and anatomy]. PMID- 7234547 TI - [Ultrastructure of the pulp in hereditary opalescent dentin]. PMID- 7234543 TI - [Adrenal cyst associated with a renal adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 7234544 TI - [Use of drugs to encourage emptying of neo-bladders]. PMID- 7234545 TI - [Paratesticular liposarcoma with lipoma, fusocellular sarcoma and myxoid areas. Review of the literature]. PMID- 7234549 TI - [Does salivary IgA play a role in caries and periodontal disease?]. PMID- 7234551 TI - [Toward a better use of scanning electron microscopy in odontostomatological research]. PMID- 7234552 TI - [Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. How is it explained in 1980?]. PMID- 7234553 TI - [Tooth mobility, occlusal adjustment, bone regeneration and esthetic reconstruction]. PMID- 7234550 TI - [Large complex odontoma of the maxilla]. PMID- 7234554 TI - Amplitude-time analysis of electrocardiosignal. PMID- 7234555 TI - ECG analysis of the exercise test by the new code. PMID- 7234556 TI - Statistical methods of classification and analysis of electrocardiograms. PMID- 7234557 TI - Spectral characteristics of the electrocardiogram as diagnostic criterium. PMID- 7234558 TI - Electrical and mechanical activity of diseased human myocardium. PMID- 7234559 TI - Comparison of ECG screening and computer diagnostic results in ischemic heart disease with clinical-instrumental data. PMID- 7234560 TI - Clinico-experimental approach in the study of intermittent disorders of sinoatrial and atrial electrical activity. PMID- 7234561 TI - Electrophysiological characteristics of intracardiac neurons and their role in control of myocardial contractility. PMID- 7234562 TI - Correlation between electrical and mechanical events of the heart in the Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 7234563 TI - The importance of electrophysiological studies of atrio-ventricular conduction for diagnostics of some forms of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7234564 TI - New experimental parameters for evaluation of junctional automaticity. PMID- 7234566 TI - Heart potentials and myocardial mechanical activity. PMID- 7234565 TI - Electrocardiographic changes under constant electrocardiostimulation synchronized with the activization of auricles in patients with prolonged and transitory complete A-V block. PMID- 7234567 TI - Significance of electrocardiotopography (ECTG) in revealing cor pulmonale in patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases. PMID- 7234568 TI - Abnormal VCG and ECG--apparently without clinical correlation. PMID- 7234569 TI - Effect of age on the correlations between electrical phenomena of the heart and the thickness of the posterior left ventricular wall (PLVW). PMID- 7234570 TI - Electrocardiogram coronarographic criteria in diagnostics of the intercoronary steal syndrome. PMID- 7234571 TI - Electrocardiographic evaluation of the bicycle ergometric test in cardiosurgical patients. PMID- 7234572 TI - 'Paradoxical reaction' on the electrocardiogram during physical loading. PMID- 7234573 TI - ECG exercise test and selective coronary angiography in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7234574 TI - Electrocardiotopographic study for physical exercise tolerance assessment in patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 7234575 TI - Results of computing and displaying changes of the S-T segment during treadmill tests after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7234577 TI - How many potential surface maps must be measured to determine the total body surface potential distribution as it varies in time? PMID- 7234576 TI - Bicycle ergometry criteria of myocardial ischemia in patients with stenosing atherosclerosis of coronary arteries depending on the initial electrocardiogram at rest. PMID- 7234578 TI - Ventricular depolarization loop form changing in patients having had myocardial infarction. PMID- 7234579 TI - Electrocardiography versus integral cardiotopography (ICTG) in the diagnosis of post-infarction changes in the myocardium. PMID- 7234580 TI - Use of a quantitative electrocardiography method in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7234581 TI - On the study of differential electric signal of ventricular depolarization and repolarization in the ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7234583 TI - Cartographic indices by multiple 35 ECG leads in inferior myocardial infarction. PMID- 7234582 TI - Possibilities of corrected orthogonal ECG leads in the diagnostics of non coronarogenic myocardial diseases. PMID- 7234584 TI - ECG mapping and VCG-based evaluation of dynamics of the infarcted area in the acute period of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7234585 TI - Dipole circular movements as a basis for construction of integral topograms in accordance with amplitude and time indices. PMID- 7234587 TI - A new criteria in the electrocardiographic diagnosis of posterodiaphragmatic myocardial infarction. PMID- 7234586 TI - Significance of integral topocardiography in comprehensive assessment of the myocardial state in ischemic heart disease patients at different times after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7234588 TI - Comparison of pathoanatomical findings in myocardial infarction with data of different ECG systems. PMID- 7234589 TI - The question concerning the origin of the Osborn wave. PMID- 7234590 TI - The informational value of new qualitative indices of orthogonal ECG in the study of children with rheumatic heart disease. PMID- 7234591 TI - Experimental and clinical study of right peripheric block in the subpulmonar anterior zone. PMID- 7234592 TI - On-line computation of the epicardial potential or activation map. PMID- 7234593 TI - Surface mapping in intraventricular blocks. PMID- 7234594 TI - Diagnostic value of body surface maps in left bundle-branch block. PMID- 7234595 TI - Role of calculated epicardial potential distribution in the interpretation of body surface maps. Its application in left bundle-branch block (LBBB). PMID- 7234596 TI - A suboptimal feature extraction method in surface mapping investigations. PMID- 7234597 TI - Method of complex mapping analysis of ECG and of its first derivative in multiple chest leads. PMID- 7234598 TI - Diagnosis of disturbances of intraventricular conduction by the method of integral topography. PMID- 7234599 TI - Anatomical and electrocardiographic interrelationships of data on the cardiac conduction system of man. PMID- 7234600 TI - The electric field of the heart in patients with chronic cor pulmonale. PMID- 7234601 TI - Mapping of cardiac potentials in diagnostics of myocardial infarction and its weight quantitation. PMID- 7234602 TI - Integral topography significance in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7234603 TI - Some experience in analysis of ECG mapping in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7234604 TI - Precardiac mapping of R waves and ST intervals. Results in patients in acute period of extensive anterior myocardial infarction and effect of some drugs on the periinfarction zone. PMID- 7234605 TI - Correlation between bicycle ergometric data and integral topography in patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 7234606 TI - Experience in teaching vectorcardiography. PMID- 7234607 TI - Record of the human magnetocardiogram by the quantum gradiometer with optical pumping. PMID- 7234608 TI - Criteria and algorithms in diagnostics of cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 7234609 TI - Computerization in an electrocardiograph research model. PMID- 7234610 TI - Use of computers for continuous automatic analysis of ECG in the on-line regime. PMID- 7234611 TI - Problems concerning the orthotopy of ECCG 'body surface mapping'. The temporospatial pattern of the mechanical contraction process, the electrical epicardial points of reference and their distribution over the chest surface. PMID- 7234612 TI - The trial operation of the automated cardiological diagnostic system (SAS-1). PMID- 7234614 TI - Logical-combinatorial methods of pattern recognition in the automatic analysis of electrocardiograms. PMID- 7234613 TI - Using minicomputers for automation of VCG processing. PMID- 7234615 TI - The ionic mechanism of excitation in intestinal smooth muscle cells. AB - The ionic mechanism of excitation in intestinal smooth muscles has been reviewed. Mammalian smooth muscles are a very important group of excitable cells. There exists a considerable number of reports on the electrical and mechanical properties of these muscles. But little work has been done on the analysis of ionic mechanism of this excitable process. The recent successful application of the voltage-clamp technique using the double sucrose gap method has opened a new path for the study of the ionic mechanism in smooth muscles. In intestinal smooth muscle cells, the fast inward current responsible for spike generation is carried principally by the influx of Ca ions and not by Na ions. The outward currents which participate in the rate of repolarization are mainly carried by efflux of K ions. Sr ions and Ba ions can carry the current through the Ca channel. That is, Sr and Ba can substitute for Ca in generation of the fast inward current. The inactivation curve of the inward current of intestinal smooth muscle cells deviates from that of nerve cells and skeletal muscle cells in its hyperpolarizing range. Such an inactivation observed in the hyperpolarizing range is referred to hyperpolarizing inactivation. It seems likely that hyperpolarizing inactivation in smooth muscles is mainly due to the fast outward current. The electrophysiology of smooth muscles has made a remarkable advance lately due to the introduction of the double sucrose gap method. There exist, however, some serious limitations on the voltage control in this method and more quantitative, more accurate information can be expected upon further improvements of the voltage-clamp technique. PMID- 7234616 TI - A new microbiological assay system for antibacterial drug residues in animal organs. Estimation of nigericin residues. PMID- 7234617 TI - Reaction of dogs treated with immunosuppressive agents to infection with the virus of Rubarth disease. PMID- 7234618 TI - Experimental studies on early weaned lambs. III. Haematological appraisal of protein and amino-acid nutrition. PMID- 7234619 TI - Experimental studies on early weaned lambs. IV. Energy and gas metabolism. PMID- 7234620 TI - Studies of dietary influence on the healthstate of preparturient cows in two dairy herds. PMID- 7234621 TI - Peripartal blood profile studies in high-production dairy cows with special regard to reproductive reactivation. PMID- 7234622 TI - Teratological examination of the experimental fungicide DPX 3217 50 WP in CFY rats. PMID- 7234623 TI - Postrotatory nystagmus responses following controlled vestibular stimulation among adult, normal child, learning disabled child and emotionally handicapped child populations. PMID- 7234626 TI - Cardiopulmonary effects of scoliosis. PMID- 7234624 TI - The case for aphasia rehabilitation. The Butler experience. PMID- 7234625 TI - Kinesthetic sensitivity of cerebral palsied individuals. PMID- 7234627 TI - Predictive factors of perceptual motor ability in children with meningomyelocele. PMID- 7234628 TI - Procedures for electrocardiographic monitoring during athletic competition. PMID- 7234629 TI - Suprapubic bladder aspiration in infants. PMID- 7234630 TI - Psychiatric presentations of hypothyroidism. AB - Hypothyroidism can often be misdiagnosed as psychiatric illness. The hypothyroid patient may present with depression, an organic mental disorder, apathy and/or frank psychosis (usually with paranoid symptoms). Psychiatric manifestations of the endocrinopathy will abate with thyroid hormone replacement therapy, unless the disease state has been sufficiently prolonged to cause some irreversible brain damage. This irreversibility mandates prompt diagnosis and specific hormonal replacement therapy. Thus, thyroid function screening is recommended for patients presenting with depression, psychosis or organic mental disorder. PMID- 7234631 TI - Differential diagnosis of chronic facial pain. AB - The differential diagnosis of chronic facial pain is facilitated by a knowledge of anatomy. Nasal and dental conditions are prevalent causes of facial pain. Orbital discomfort with ophthalmoplegia or Horner's syndrome generally has a vascular etiology. The lower-half headache or atypical facial neuralgia also is vascular in origin and should be referred to as facial migraine. Previously, chronic iatrogenic trigeminal neuralgia has been erroneously included in the category of lower-half headaches. This disabling condition is due to repeated trauma to the trigeminal nerve. PMID- 7234632 TI - Reactions to radiographic contrast media. AB - Patients with a history of an anaphylactoid reaction to radiographic contrast media are at increased risk for a subsequent reaction, but reactions cannot be predicted. Because contrast studies are often essential for optimal management, it may be necessary to take the risk of reexposing the patient to the contrast media. Prednisone-diphenhydramine pretreatment significantly decreases the likelihood of another reaction. Treatment of an anaphylactoid reaction requires knowledge of basic and advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 7234634 TI - Dupuytren's contracture. AB - There is a strong genetic predisposition to this disease, and it is clearly associated with other conditions such as alcoholism and epilepsy. The pathogenetic mechanisms are unknown. Primary manifestations are nodule formation and contraction of palmar fascia. Secondary manifestations include plantar fibromatosis and Peyronie's disease. Close periodic examination is required in the early stages. Surgical intervention is indicated to alleviate contractions, and postoperative physical therapy is essential. PMID- 7234633 TI - Mushroom poisoning. PMID- 7234635 TI - Photochemotherapy in psoriasis and other skin diseases. AB - Oral psoralen-ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy is one of the most effective treatment methods available for psoriasis. The combination of psoralen and ultraviolet A radiation inhibits DNA synthesis. Its usefulness in treating other skin conditions such as mycosis fungoides and vitiligo is being explored. While PUVA seems relatively safe, long-term risks associated with this therapy are unclear. Special training and careful dosimetry are important. PMID- 7234636 TI - Tendinitis and bursitis. AB - Tendinitis is thought to arise from acute or chronic excessive use of a particular muscle group. Age-related changes at osseotendinous junctions may explain why tendinitis occurs most often after age 50. Bursitis often develops secondary to tendinitis. Local steroid injections are frequently palliative. PMID- 7234637 TI - Cardiac catheterization in children. AB - Although cardiac catheterization in children is not without significant risk, it is mandatory before corrective cardiac surgery is undertaken. Not only can the procedure delineate the cardiac anatomy but it also yields information about the direction and amount of shunts, pulmonary vascular resistance and myocardial function. It is used to follow the severity of lesions such as aortic or pulmonic stenosis. Complications include cardiac perforation, renal impairment, neurologic problems and many others. PMID- 7234638 TI - Medical aspects of air travel. AB - Air travel is convenient but can exacerbate underlying medical conditions. Most problems can be related to changes in atmospheric pressure, hypoxia, air sickness and jet lag. International travelers should be counseled about traveler's diarrhea and malaria if they are flying to endemic areas. Pregnancy is not in itself a contraindication to flying. Common-sense recommendations and reassurance can help assuage concerns about prolonged air travel. PMID- 7234640 TI - Suggestion therapy and clinical hypnosis. AB - The family physician is in a unique position to care for the total needs of the patient. Suggestion therapy and clinical hypnosis are helpful in managing the psychologic aspects of disease in all age groups beyond five years, and are well within the purview of family physicians. Learning these techniques can enhance th physician's ability to care for the whole patient. PMID- 7234639 TI - Prescribing antibiotics. AB - A specific antibiotic is prescribed not for its effect on the patient but for its effect on the microorganism. Antibiotics have a unique toxicity because of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the patient. Lack of response to the antibiotic may be due to selection of the wrong drug, inadequate dosage, inappropriate route of administration, failure of the drug to be distributed to the infected site, or metabolism and excretion so that no active drug is present. PMID- 7234641 TI - Urinary incontinence in the elderly. AB - The incontinent elderly face many difficulties from a problem that can have a multiplicity of causes. Etiologic factors of incontinence may be medical, psychologic or social. The cortical inhibitory stimuli that prevent involuntary voiding tend to decline with age. When carefully measured, some degree of uninhibited neurogenic bladder is often found in the elderly. Nonetheless, incontinence does not necessarily result. Precipitating factors, often emotional, determine the outcome. PMID- 7234642 TI - Middle ear fluid. AB - Most middle ear effusions are preceded by an episode of acute otitis media. Craniofacial abnormalities predispose to such problems, and eustachian tube dysfunction is thought to be an important factor as well. Mechanical obstruction of the tube by inflammation or functional obstruction due to increased compliance leads to a failure to clear secretions produced by the middle ear. Removal of the obstruction is essential. If medical management does not clear the fluid, myringotomy with ventilating tubes may be required. PMID- 7234643 TI - Idiopathic gastritis, 1981. AB - Diagnosis depends on examination of mucosal biopsy specimens taken by a biopsy tube of the Wood type. Uncomplicated gastritis causes no symptoms. The clinical importance of the disease depends on its complications, which may be very serious: hemorrhage from erosions, pernicious anemia, pancreatic maldigestion, gastric polyposis and gastric carcinoma. PMID- 7234644 TI - Parkinson's disease. PMID- 7234645 TI - Section on Cancer Chemotherapy, Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia. PMID- 7234646 TI - Effects of exercise training on left ventricular mass in patients with ischemic heart disease. AB - To determine whether exercise training results in increased left ventricular mass in patients with ischemic heart disease, we obtained echocardiograms in 14 coronary patients before and after an average of seven months (range 3 to 14 months) of supervised arm and leg exercise. Each echocardiogram was interpreted jointly by two blinded observers, using three different measurement conventions and a semiautomated method of analysis to minimize errors of interpretation. Exercise training led to subjective improvement in all 14 patients, and to an objective increase in functional capacity in 13 of 14 patients, as evidenced by an increase in maximal oxygen consumption estimated from symptom-limited treadmill exercise testing (8.8 +/- 2.7 (SD) and 10.7 +/- 2.5 METS before and after training, respectively, p less than 0.01). However, this functional improvement was not accompanied by any significant change in left ventricular end diastolic diameter, or posterior wall or interventricular septal thickness. Likewise, left ventricular cross-sectional area (CSA), an index of left ventricular mass which corrects for altered ventricular volume and theoretically reflects directional changes in mass despite nonuniform wall thickness, did not change significantly after training by any measurement convention (CSA = 18.0 +/- 6.5 and 17.6 +/- 6.5 cm2 before and after training, respectively, by American Society of Echocardiography measurements). These data strongly suggest that improved functional capacity after exercise training in patients with ischemic heart disease is not due to exercise-induced left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 7234647 TI - Reduction of exercise-induced ischemic regional myocardial dysfunction by verapamil in conscious dogs. PMID- 7234648 TI - Effects of diltiazem-induced calcium blockade upon exercise capacity in effort angina due to chronic coronary artery disease. AB - Few data are available regarding the effects of calcium blockade upon exercise tolerance in patients with stable effort angina due to coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore we compared the effects of the calcium blocking agent, diltiazem (D), to placebo (P) in 12 patients with chronic effort angina and catheterization documented fixed CAD. The 8-week total protocol consisted of a 1-week baseline period followed by the double-blind randomized crossover alternate 1-week administration of P and D in doses of 120, 180, and 240 mg. Maximal exercise tests (MET) were performed at the end of each 1-week period, while rest radionuclide ventriculography (RVG) was obtained during 240 mg D and corresponding crossover P. Resting heart rate decreased from baseline and initial P at D doses of 60 and 240 mg, but not from P during crossover period. No changes were observed at any dose of D either at rest or during MET in systolic blood pressure or rate . pressure double product. D at 240 mg, but not lower doses, increased MET duration (437 vs 490 seconds, p less than 0.01) and time to angina (383 vs 441 seconds, p less than 0.01). Ejection fraction by RVG was greater with D than P (0.54 vs 0.50, p less than 0.05). Thus these data indicate that calcium blockade with diltiazem provides antianginal efficacy by reducing myocardial oxygen demand, and increases exercise tolerance without depression of myocardial performance in effort angina patients with fixed chronic CAD. PMID- 7234650 TI - Relationship of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion pattern to regional and global left ventricular function with exercise. AB - Thallium-201 redistribution pattern after exercise was related to rest and exercise left ventricular regional and global function, measured by radionuclide ventriculography, in 61 patients, 50 with coronary artery disease (CAD). Sixteen patients had exclusively transient thallium defects, suggesting ischemia: in this group, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 65% at rest, falling to 58% during exercise (p less than 0.01). Eight patients had exclusively persistent thallium defects, suggesting scar: LVEF was unchanged during exercise, 58% to 59%. LVEF increased during exercise in the 17 patients without exercise thallium defects, seven with CAD: 66% to 73% (p less than 0.05). Individual LV wall segments which exhibited transient or persistent thallium defects contracted abnormally both at rest and during exercise; (2) both transient and persistent thallium defects can be associated with resting dyssynergy; and (3) in some CAD patients, apparent hypoperfusion does not necessarily predict left ventricular dysfunction during exercise. PMID- 7234651 TI - Comparative evaluation of segmental asynergy in remote myocardial infarction by radionuclide angiography, two-dimensional echocardiography, and contrast ventriculography. AB - Radionuclide angiography (RNA), two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), and contrast ventriculography (CVG) were compared in the evaluation of regional wall motion (RWM) in 58 patients with remote myocardial infarction (MI). All 58 patients were studied by 2DE, 52 by RNA, and 24 by CVG. Severe degrees of segmental asynergy (akinesia/dyskinesia) were noted more often by 2DE (56% of all segments, p less than 0.005) and CVG (52%, p less than 0.05) than by RNA (39%). The apex more the most frequent site of akinesia/dyskinesia by all technique (43% by RNA, 36% by 2DE, and 45% by CVG). 2DE and RNA agreed in 64% of regions (p less than 0.005), 2DE and CVG agreed in 68% (p less than 0.005), and RNA and CVG agreed in 70% (p less than 0.005); the highest agreement was for the apical region. Dyskinesia was noted in 77% of patients by RNA, in 71% by 2DE, and 79% by CVG. RNA and CVG agreed in 89% of patients and in 57% of regions, 2DE and CVG agreed in 67% of patients and in 53% of regions, and RNA and 2DE agreed in 71% of patients and in 38% of regions. Combined RNA and 2DE detected dyskinesia in 94% of the 16 patients with dyskinesia by CVG who underwent all three techniques and in 90% of the 52 patients studied by RNA and 2DE. We conclude that (1) RNA, 2DE an CVG agree significantly in the evaluation of regional wall motion; (2) there is better agreement concerning the presence or absence of dyskinesia in a given patients than the exact region involved; and (3) the combination of RNA and 2DE is more useful than either alone as a screening procedure for the detection of ventricular dyskinesia. PMID- 7234649 TI - Radionuclide ejection fraction and regional wall motion during atrial pacing in stable angina pectoris: comparison with metabolic and hemodynamic parameters. PMID- 7234652 TI - Therapy of symptomatic pericarditis after myocardial infarction: retrospective and prospective studies of aspirin, indomethacin, prednisone, and spontaneous resolution. AB - We studied the efficacy of aspirin and indomethacin therapy in relieving the discomfort of postmyocardial infarction pericarditis (PMIP) in two studies: (1) a retrospective evaluation of patients with symptomatic PMIP during a 5-year period and (2) a prospective, randomized, single-blind comparison of aspirin and indomethacin in similar patients. In the retrospective study, 36 episodes of symptomatic PMIP in 34 patients were identified; in the prospective study, 25 episodes of PMIP in 24 patients occurred. Relief from the discomfort of PMIP was noted within 48 hours in almost all patients with either indomethacin or aspirin therapy. Minor gastrointestinal bleeding developed in two patients in the retrospective study and in two patients in the prospective study. In the retrospective study, mild discomfort of PMIP abated within 48 hours in five of eight patients who received either no treatment or minor analgesic therapy. Aspirin and indomethacin are equally efficacious in relieving the discomfort of PMIP. PMID- 7234653 TI - Arrhythmias documented by 24-hour continuous ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in young women without apparent heart disease. AB - Results are reported of 24-hour ambulatory ECG recordings in 50 young women without apparent heart disease. During waking periods, maximum (sinus) rates ranged from 122 to 189 beats/min (bpm) (153 +/- 14 mean +/- SD) and minimum rates from 40 to 73 bpm (56 +/- 7). During sleeping periods, maximum and minimum rates ranged from 71 to 128 bpm (105 +/- 13) and from 37 to 59 bpm (48 +/- 6), respectively. Thirty-two subjects (64%) had atrial premature beats, with only one subject (2%) having greater than 100 beats/24 hrs. Twenty-seven subjects (54%) had ventricular premature beats, with only three subjects (6%) having greater than 50 beats/24 hrs. One subject (2%) had one three-beat episode of ventricular tachycardia. Two subjects (4%) had transient type I second-degree atrioventricular block. PMID- 7234654 TI - Control of refractory life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias by amiodarone. PMID- 7234655 TI - Effects of chronic oral quinidine on left ventricular performance. AB - We studied the effects of 10 to 14 days of oral quinidine administration (200 mg every 8 hrs) on left ventricular (LV) dP/dt max and shortening fraction (% delta D) in seven preinstrumented conscious dogs in the resting state, during atrial pacing at 120 bpm, and during an acute pressure load produced by intravenous phenylephrine. Dogs were studied before, during, and after oral quinidine administration with control measurements varying by less than 10%. In the resting state, heart rate (85 +/- 6 SEM vs 88 +/- 7 bpm), LV end-diastolic pressure (7.2 +/- 1.4 vs 6.7 +/- 1.1 mm Hg), LV end-diastolic diameter (39.6 +/- 3.2 vs 38.9 +/ 3.1 mm), LV dP/dt (2903 +/- 208 vs 3050 +/- 217 mm Hg/sec) and % delta D (21.6 +/- 2.6 vs 22.1 +/- 2.7) did not differ (p less than 0.05) before or during quinidine, respectively. During atrial pacing LV dP/dt increased similarly during the control and quinidine periods (+13 and +11%), and % delta D decreased equally (-26% and -21%) during phenylephrine infusion off and on quinidine. Thus chronic oral quinidine administration in clinically therapeutic doses (serum quinidine levels 2.3 to 7.5 microgram/ml) produced no depression in LV performance at rest or during an acute pressure load. PMID- 7234656 TI - Real time computerization of two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - A computerized system was developed for real time acquisition, enhanced processing, analysis, and display of cross-sectional images of the left ventricle derived by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). The new methodology couples a standard medical imaging computer system to the video output of any current 2DE unit, uses a 128 x 128 or 64 x 64 matrix window and stores the real time 30 frames/sec digitized images on a magnetic disk. Computerized beat-to-beat and frame-by-frame processing employs space-time smoothing the automatic detection of endocardial interfaces by standard threshold and second derivative techniques. Multiple views are displayed in real time with 256 levels of gray and color. The methodology was used to analyze and graphically display frame-by-frame changes throughout the cardiac cycle. In addition, regional wall motion and thickness were analyzed in 12 sectors of individual cross-sections using a standardized angular subdivision originating at the center of area and indexed by an external reference point. An algorithm was developed to correct cross-sectional interference definition from the commonly used trailing-to-leading edge to the more valid leading-to-leading outline technique. Computerized analysis of spatial and temporal variations of cardiac contraction were demonstrated in several clinical and experimental applications, including bicycle exercise testing, investigation of acute myocardial infarction, and assessment of interventions. Initial evaluation indicates that the new real time computerized digital acquisition and data analysis represents a major advances toward quantitation of left ventricular function using 2DE. PMID- 7234657 TI - Range gated Doppler ultrasound detection of contrast echographic microbubbles for cardiac and great vessel blood flow patterns. AB - Ultrasonic contrast techniques allow tracking of blood flow in patients with cardiac malformations. One problem often encountered in M-mode contrast is inability to generate adequate microbubbles for recording. Theoretically, echo Doppler should be more sensitive for detection of microbubbles. To test this hypothesis, results of 75 saline injections were studied at catheterization in 16 patients by simultaneously recording contrast M-mode and echo Doppler studies. For this part of the investigation, an ATL 500 system was utilized. The M-mode of this system was found to provide identical information to that of SmithKline. Records were evaluated without identification of the patient. In all instances (n = 20) in which microbubbles were not expected on the basis of flow patterns, none were detected by Doppler. One error occurred for M-mode. Contrast in the direction of flow was visualized in 50 of 55 injections by echo Doppler. In these, a frequency dispersion was present, but even more striking was a marked rise in the time interval histographic input signal strength indicator. Only 40 of 55 simultaneous M-mode echoes showed a contrast effect (p less than 0.05). Doppler microbubble detection was usually represented by a much stronger signal than was M-mode contrast. This investigation demonstrates that range gated Doppler is an effective method for microbubble detection. PMID- 7234658 TI - Effect of left ventricular size on mitral E point to ventricular septal separation in assessment of cardiac performance. AB - Increased mitral valve E point to ventricular septal separation (EPSS) is widely used as an echocardiographic index of depressed left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), yet LV size has not been examined as an independent variable potentially affecting EPSS. Accordingly, we studied end-diastolic dimensions (EDD). Twenty normal controls had EPSS 3.2 +/- 2.2 mm (mean +/- SD), EDD 47 +/- 5 mm, EPSS/EDD ("normalized" EPSS) 0.07 +/- 0.04, and fractional shortening (FS%) 38 +/- 6%. Nine patients with pure chronic mitral regurgitation had dilated LV (EDD = 65 +/- 7 mm) with normal LV function (FS% 41 +/- 5%; angiographic EF 62 +/ 9%); eight patients had dilated cardiomyopathy (EDD 69 +/- 8 mm) with decreased LV function (FS% 16 +/- 7%; angiographic EF 32 +/- 8%); and eight patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy had nondilated LV (EDD 42 +/- 5 mm) with decreased LV function (FS% 19 +/- 6; angiographic EF 35 +/- 7%). Mitral E point to ventricular septal separation and EPSS/EDD accurately separated individuals with normal and abnormal LV function irrespective of LV size (chi 2 = 36.7; p less than 0.00001). Increased internal dimensions per se did not affect EPSS unless depressed LV function coexisted. EPSS is therefore a valid predictor of depressed ejection phase indices independent of LV size. PMID- 7234659 TI - Thallium imaging in cardiac lymphoma. AB - A clinicopathologic correlation was made of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging in two patients with massive myocardial invasion by malignant lymphoma. Despite extensive tumor involvement, the thallium scintigram was normal in one patient, while the other had only a modest-sized region of reduced tracer uptake. The discrepancy between the results of thallium scans and postmortem observations in these patients is probably related to uptake of thallium by tumor cells. The ability of any cellular and well-perfused tissue to absorb potassium, and potassium analogs such as thallium, suggest that thallium-201 scintigraphy may not be a useful method to screen for cardiac involvement in patients with known malignant neoplasms. PMID- 7234661 TI - Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: recent advances and clinical applications. PMID- 7234660 TI - Pharmacologic use of prostaglandin E1 in infant with congenital heart disease. PMID- 7234662 TI - Verapamil therapy in variant angina: assessment by high-fidelity frequency modulated ambulatory ECG. PMID- 7234664 TI - Adult onset mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome with coronary aneurysm. PMID- 7234663 TI - Left atrial myxoma causing fluttering of the posterior mitral leaflet. PMID- 7234665 TI - Total electrical alternans in pericardial tamponade. PMID- 7234666 TI - Pannus formation in a Hancock-valved conduit resulting in proximal intraconduit obstruction: late complication of Rastelli procedure for complete transposition of the great vessels with ventricular septal defect and pulmonic stenosis. PMID- 7234667 TI - Superior vena caval syndrome ater Mustard repair: surgical decompression using a saphenous vein homograft. PMID- 7234668 TI - Exercise training in coronary heart disease: is there a cardiac effect? PMID- 7234669 TI - Building a successful home care practice. PMID- 7234670 TI - Certifying the pharmacist orthotic fitter. PMID- 7234671 TI - A pharmacist fitter outlines supportive care. PMID- 7234672 TI - Polygraphs: their use continues - but at what cost to the profession? PMID- 7234674 TI - The patient profile filing system. PMID- 7234675 TI - Business investments: to buy or not? PMID- 7234676 TI - Weighing the risks of chemicals in food. PMID- 7234673 TI - Medications information in better form. PMID- 7234677 TI - The lightpipe luminoscope for monitoring occupational skin contamination. AB - A portable luminescence detector has been constructed for monitoring occupational skin contamination. The instrument design is based upon a fiberoptics bifurcated lightguide which transmits the ultraviolet excitation light to the skin area being monitored and conducts the induced fluorescence to the photon-counting detector. The performance of the instrument has been evaluated in the laboratory and field-tested at a coal conversion facility. Preliminary results indicate that coal distillates and recycled solvents form liquefaction processes can be detected at a few muL/cm2 levels. PMID- 7234678 TI - Effect of task variables and their interactions in lifting and lowering loads. AB - An experiment was designed to study the effect of several task variables on the metabolic energy expenditure and heart rate of individuals performing lifting and lowering tasks. The task variables studied were: load of lift (lower), frequency of lift (lower), height of lift (lower), presence of absence of handles, container height, container width (in the frontal plane) and container length (in the sagittal plane). Four male subjects participated in the experiment. Their oxygen uptake and heart rate were monitored. Various strength measurements were made on the subjects before their participation in the study and after the study was over. The data were analyzed separately for lifting and lowering, using the analysis of variance. Container height did not affect the metabolic energy expenditure or heart rate of the subjects for lifting or lowering activities. Presence or absence of handles did not cause a significant change (alpha greater than or equal to .10) in the physiological responses for lowering tasks. All other task variable effects, however, were significant (alpha less than or equal to .01). A strong first and second order interaction was observed among the task variables. There was a significant increase in the strength (alpha less than or equal to .025) of subjects after performing manual materials handling activities for about seven weeks. A dimensional sensitivity analysis indicated that unit change in box width was more expensive than unit change in box length up to .56 m (22 inches). Beyond this, unit change in box length became critical. The weight/bulk ratio of the object did not affect the physiological responses. PMID- 7234679 TI - Styrene exposure in the fiberglass fabrication industry in Washington State. AB - A study was undertaken to identify methods used by the fiberglass fabrication industry in Washington State to reduce worker exposure to styrene vapor. All plants in Washington were surveyed to determine the number of employees, number of exposed employees, degree of exposure, amount of raw material used, type of engineering controls, effectiveness of engineering controls, and respiratory protection practices including personal protection. Data were collected during walk-through and sampling surveys to study approaches of industries of different sizes to the control of employee exposure to styrene vapor. There were approximately 1000 exposed employees in 31 plants with a total employment of 4300. Most plants were involved in boat building and repair, an industry with the highest exposure. In 12 selected plants a total of 592 air samples was collected. Approximately 40% of all samples indicated overexposure. PMID- 7234681 TI - Occupational health survey: an evaluation of potential health hazards in the workplace. AB - Critical reviews of production jobs, potential exposure to chemical and physical agents, and job placement policies are necessary to provide a safe and healthful working environment for employees. To achieve this objective, a five-phase survey has been developed at BASF Wyandotte Corporation. Phase one assembles a data bank which cross references chemical substances with job classifications. Phase two provides toxicological evaluation for each chemical, physical, and ergonomic stress. Phase three evaluates the magnitude of each stress for a particular job classification. Phase four identifies present members of the work force or applicants who may have a heightened susceptibility to any stress. Phase five provides an integrated health manual with useful data and materials disseminated to various staff groups, manufacturing personnel, and plant employees. PMID- 7234680 TI - Fibers in human lung dust samples: a scanning electron microscope study. AB - Since 1977, mesothelioma has been admitted as an occupational disease in the Federal Republic of Germany, if a previous exposure to asbestos at the working place can be proven. In practical work of pathologists the question arises as to how to proceed in the assessment of necropsy cases of mesothelioma, if the patient's occupational history is unknown. In this study, 100 necropsy cases of different exposure were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Concentration and length of fibers were used as criteria to distinguish between spontaneous and occupationally caused cases of mesothelioma. Calculation of the counting results showed that a distinction between the two groups is reliable when fibers greater than 5 micron in length are counted. PMID- 7234682 TI - Effect of analytical variability on measurements of population blood lead levels. AB - The effect of analytical error on the interpretation of blood lead data obtained from population studies is discussed. Statistical analysis of measured blood lead values reported in four representative population studies shows over 40 percent of the variability in blood lead measurements is due to analytical error. Because of this analytical error, a large percentage of the observed lead measurements which exceed a threshold limit are "false positives" in that the true blood lead values for these individuals do not exceed the threshold. The EPA has suggested that the distribution of blood lead values could be used as a guide for determining the portion of a population at risk. "At risk" is defined as having blood lead values above a certain threshold. If this is done, the effect of analytical error which causes "false positives" should be considered properly to obtain an accurate estimate of the population at risk. PMID- 7234683 TI - Effect of heat stress on physiological factors for industrial workers performing routine work and wearing impermeable vapor-barrier clothing. AB - The thermal hazards of suits impermeable to water vapor have been documented where fatal heat strokes have occurred during exercise in plastic suits at ambient temperatures as low as 26.7 degrees C. Research has shown that during work with impermeable vapor-barrier clothing (VB) the body temperature rises at a faster rate than without VB clothing. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of wearing VB clothing in hot environments on physiological responses (body temperature and pulse rates) for a group of workers performing routing work and to demonstrate the ease with which meaningful physiological measurements can be made on individual workers. Workers who wore VB clothing reached an extrapolated 37.6 degree C oral temperature at a 2.8 degrees C lower WBGT index that workers not wearing the VB clothing. When work durations in VB clothing exceeded 45 minutes, the oral temperature exceeded 37.6 degrees C. Also, these workers had no recovery pulses rates about 65% of the time after they worked in VB clothing for 15 minutes. The implementation of engineering and administrative controls and the use of a vortex-cooled air suit significantly reduced the stress produced by the physical labor, the VB clothing and the heat exposure. PMID- 7234684 TI - Workplace environmental exposure level guide: decabromodiphenyl oxide. PMID- 7234685 TI - The physiological responses of mild pulmonary impaired subjects while using a "demand" respirator during rest and work. AB - This investigation determined the cardiorespiratory responses of subjects with normal lung function and exercise tolerance and compared them with subjects with moderate and severe impairment of lung function and exercise tolerance. Comparisons were made during work while wearing an industrial respirator. The respirator was a full-face mask (MSA-ultravue) "demand" breathing type equipped with an inspiratory resistance of 85 mm H2O at 85 L/min air flow and an expiratory resistance of 25 mm H2O at 85 L/min air flow. Physiologically and subjectively the response of the normal and moderately impaired subjects to respirator wear during rest, 35%, 50% and 63% of their maximal workloads were not different. However, when the moderately impaired worked at 63% of their maximum the workload was equivalent to 50% of maximum of the normal subject. Significant differences in the peak flow/pressure ratio of the severely impaired compared to the normals and moderately impaired were found. By relating work performance to the dyspnea index (VI/MBC) it was suggested that the relationship between maximal lung function and maximal work performance needs to be identified both with and without respirators. This relationship may prove suitable in predicting performance during respirator wear. PMID- 7234687 TI - Multiple-pulse laser retinal damage thresholds. AB - The additivity from multiple exposures of the retina to laser light sources is investigated with regard to empirical and theoretical models. Prior data indicate additivity consistent with a total-on-time formulation in the case of point source conditions but not for extended source conditions. Thermal model calculations agree with the extended source results, but only agree with point source data when the pulse repetition rate is higher than 10 Hz. The anomaly at low pulse repetition rates can still be interpreted in terms of a thermal damage mechanism if spatial variations are considered. PMID- 7234686 TI - Effects of sulfuric acid aerosol on respiratory mechanics and mucociliary particle clearance in healthy nonsmoking adults. PMID- 7234688 TI - Human exposure to ferric sulfate aerosol: effects on pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms. AB - Twenty normal and 18 asthmatic human volunteers were exposed to ferric sulfate aerosol at a nominal concentration of 75 microgram/m3 (equivalent to 20 microgram iron/m3). The concentration and particle size distribution (2 micron mass median aerodynamic diameter; geometric standard deviation of 3) were selected to simulate worst case ambient conditions. Ferric sulfate was chosen for study because it is toxic, it is a respiratory system irritant, and increased use of coal and high sulfur fuel oils will lead to increased concentrations of iron and sulfate in ambient air. A double-blind protocol was followed in which each subject was exposed on two days, separated by about a three week period. The subjects were exposed to clean air (sham) on one day and to ferric sulfate aerosol on the other (exposure); the order of exposure was selected randomly. Neither the subjects nor the staff performing the clinical testing were informed as to the nature of the atmosphere on any given day. Pulmonary function tests were performed immediately before (pre) and after (post) each 2 hr sham or exposure period; this protocol included intermittent exercise. Pre- and post exposure symptom score interviews were also administered. On the average, the two groups of subjects did not exhibit significant pre- to post-changes in total respiratory system resistance, forced expiratory flow/volume performance, and single breath nitrogen washout parameters. None of the subjects reported more than slight changes in symptoms during exposure. Five individuals showed small but significant decremental trends in pulmonary function; however, nine subjects tended to improve after exposure. PMID- 7234690 TI - Exposure to polytetrafluoroethylene decomposition products during the initial use of some pad heaters. AB - The initial heating of pad heaters fabricated from materials coated with PTFE can result in employee exposures to harmful levels of PTFE thermal decomposition products. The details of two such incidents and the results of subsequent environmental monitoring for hydrolyzable fluoride are presented. Average concentrations of hydrolyzable fluoride probably ranged from .05 mg/m3 to 1.0 mg/m3 in the air of the work areas where illness (PFF) occurred. Reduction or elimination of the potential for exposure to these and other thermal decomposition products can be effected by "burning off" the coating in a safe location prior to use. PMID- 7234689 TI - Characterization of the aerosol in turkey rearing confinements. AB - A study was conducted to characterize the aerosol found in turkey rearing confinements, to study biological response to inhalation of the aerosol, and to evaluate a water spray, dust suppression system in one confinement as compared to a control barn. A significant reduction in aerosol concentration in the "sprayed" barn was inferred by many environmental and biological sampling parameters. Similarity of physical and biological factors in both study populations, with the exception of the dust suppression system, implied that a mortality rate increase of 1.74 of control versus "sprayed" barn was directly related to aerosol concentration. PMID- 7234691 TI - Red spots among flight attendants: observation--a valuable investigative tool. AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the Bureau of Epidemiology of the Center for Disease Control investigated episodes of red spots appearing on the skin of flight attendants during various Eastern Airlines flights in the first three months of 1980. Review of 132 cases reported during January and February showed that 91 different flight attendants had been affected; 96% of cases had occurred on flights between the New York and Miami metropolitan areas, and 90% on a single type of aircraft. Although some reports mentioned burning, nausea, and headache in association with spots, most reports involved only the occurrence of bright red spots that could be wiped or washed off. Studies of work practices and procedures of flight attendants revealed that the red spots were caused by red ink flaking off the life vests during demonstrations of the use of the vests in preflight safety instructions. The demonstration vests were labelled with ink containing a litholrubine chrome molybdate orange pigment. Following removal of the implicated vests from all Eastern Airlines aircraft, no further cases have appeared. PMID- 7234692 TI - Preponderance of acute proximal left anterior descending coronary arterial lesions in fatal myocardial infarction: a clinicopathologic study. PMID- 7234693 TI - Repeated 1 hour electrocardiographic monitoring of survivors of myocardial infarction at 6 month intervals: arrhythmia detection and relation to prognosis. AB - In a study of the relation between ventricular premature beats and sudden death among 1,739 male of myocardial infarction enrolled in the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York (HIP), patients underwent 1 hour of electrocardiographic monitoring at a baseline examination. During follow-up periods of up to 5 1/2 years, survivors underwent repeated monitoring at 6 month intervals for a maximum of four monitorings. At each monitoring a constant proportion of the men--25 percent--showed complex ventricular premature beats (runs of two or more, R on T phenomenon, bigeminal or multiform beats) during the hour. In comparison with men free of such arrhythmia, those demonstrating these complex forms in a given hour were three times as likely to show such beats in a subsequent monitoring hour. The mortality risk over 3 1/2 years after each of the four monitoring observations was in all cases elevated among men with complex ventricular premature beats. The risk of sudden death over this period was 6 percent for men without and 13 to 17 percent for men with such complexes. A study of the 1,445 men who underwent monitoring both at baseline examination and 6 months later identified the presence of runs of ventricular premature betas in either observation as a particularly important harbinger of sudden death. PMID- 7234694 TI - Exercise-induced angina provoked by aspirin administration in patients with variant angina. AB - The effects of aspirin (4.0 g/day) given orally to eight patients with variant angina were observed. An exercise stress test performed in the morning was positive in two of seven patients during placebo administration, whereas a test performed in the afternoon at the same exercise work load resulted in negative findings. During aspirin administration, the afternoon exercise test repeatedly provoked anginal attacks associated with electrocardiographic changes (S-T segment elevation in five and S-T depression in two). Rate-pressure product at the end of the exercise test during aspirin administration was significantly lower than that during placebo administration (p less than 0.01). During aspirin administration, the frequency of angina increased markedly, and the attacks occurred not only during the night or early morning but also in the daytime in six of the eight patients. Our observations suggest that aspirin, in this large dose, reduces the capacity for exercise and provokes exercise-induced coronary arterial spasm in patients with variant angina. PMID- 7234696 TI - Effects of procainamide on strength-interval relations in normal and chronically infarcted canine myocardium. PMID- 7234695 TI - Forward stroke volume calculated from aortic valve echograms in normal subjects and patients with mitral regurgitation secondary to left ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 7234697 TI - Characterization of the lateral interface between normal and ischemic tissue in the canine heart during evolving myocardial infarction. AB - A new nonrotating multiple biopsy device has been developed to allow the rapid, simultaneous and contiguous sampling of cardiac muscle in the large mammalian heart. Each cutter obtains 40 adjacent transmural left ventricular biopsy samples, each of 4 mm section. The epicardial 1.8 mm of each biopsy section was analyzed for flow, adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, creatine phosphate and lactate. Use of this procedure in the dog heart 30 minutes after coronary arterial ligation permitted characterization of the nature of flow and metabolic gradients as the sampling site moved from the core of an areas of regional ischemia to the surrounding normal tissue. These studies of metabolic and flow geometry in the lateral plane indicate the existence of a sharp interface of flow and metabolism between normal and ischemic tissue. The absence of intermediate levels of flow and metabolism indicate that, in the lateral plane at least, a quantitatively significant and spatially identifiable "border zone" region does not exist. However, these findings, do not preclude the existence of such a zone of jeopardized tissue in the transmural plane or the occurrence of a temporal border zone to which interfaces of flow and metabolism may migrate with time. PMID- 7234698 TI - Defining the anatomic perfusion bed of an occluded coronary artery and the region at risk to infarction. A comparative study in the baboon, pig and dog. PMID- 7234699 TI - Transvenous intracardiac echocardiography. AB - A specially designed ultrasonic transducer, 0.2 mm in length and 0.75 mm in diameter, operating at 7.5 megahertz and mounted on a thin flexible coaxial cable was advanced to the distal tip of a right heart or transseptal catheter in 20 patients during cardiac catheterization. Left atrial, aortic root and right atrial cavity size, pulmonary arterial diameter at various sites, right ventricular wall thickness and the width of a pericardial effusion were demonstrated. Tricuspid, pulmonary, and aortic valves were seen and their motion displayed. With the transducer positioned at the tip of a transseptal needle it could be recognized when it made contact with the interatrial septum. Puncture into the left atrium, avoiding such structures as the aorta, was facilitated in this fashion. No complications were encountered in any patient. Intracardiac echocardiography appears to be a safe, valuable adjunct to both conventional echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Furthermore, recordings of structures that may be difficult or impossible to obtain with routine external echocardiography may be made possible. PMID- 7234700 TI - Subcostal echocardiography to determine right ventricular pacing catheter position and control advancement of electrode catheters in intracardiac electrophysiologic studies. M mode and two dimensional studies. AB - To assess the value of subcostal echocardiography in determining the position of a right ventricular pacing catheter, M mode and two dimensional echocardiography was performed from four different locations in 30 patients. Subcostal M mode echocardiography had a higher detection rate of the pacing catheter than did the precordial M mode examination. However, with M mode echocardiography it was not possible to determine the position of the pacing catheter from any of the locations. The subcostal two dimensional echocardiography demonstrated the full length of the pacing catheter in the right heart chambers and its anatomic position in all patients and proved superior to the precordial approach. This technique allowed the detection of complications related to pacing catheters. A pacing catheter ejected from the ventricular cavity was found in the inferior vena cava. Perforation of the ventricular septum with a bipolar electrode for temporary pacing was also diagnosed. Subcostal two dimensional echocardiography was used in 20 patients as an additional technique for controlling the advancement of electrode catheters in right heart intracardiac electrophysiologic studies. The electrode catheters were successfully positioned at all routine sites in all patients except one. Thus, subcostal two dimensional echocardiography has advantages over fluoroscopy in the determination of pacing catheter position and in controlling the advancement of electrode catheters in intracardiac electrophysiologic studies. PMID- 7234701 TI - Role of M mode echocardiography in congenital aortic stenosis. PMID- 7234702 TI - Clinical application of radionuclide quantitation of left to right cardiac shunts in children. PMID- 7234703 TI - Preoperative angiocardiography in infants with tetrad of Fallot. Review of 36 cases. AB - Angiocardiograms in 36 infants with tetrad of Fallot were reviewed to determine which projections best displayed the anatomy. The occurrence of associated cardiovascular anomalies was also recorded. An additional ventricular septal defect was found in 14 percent (5 of 36), peripheral pulmonary stenoses in 30 percent (10 of 36) and surgically important coronary arterial abnormalities in 8 percent (3 of 36). This retrospective study indicated that optimal biplane angiocardiography should include: (1) right ventriculography in a sitting or hepatoclavicular view for demonstration of the right ventricular, infundibular, and pulmonary artery anatomy, (2) left ventriculography in the long axial oblique (cranially angled oblique) view for display of ventricular septal defects and coronary arteries, and (3) and aortogram at the valve level (oblique view) if coronary arteries are not well seen in the left ventricular study. PMID- 7234704 TI - Intravascular hemolysis associated with porcine mitral valve calcification in children. AB - Intravascular hemolysis was present in 5 of 16 children who underwent porcine valve replacement. Each patient had an abnormal blood smear pattern and reticulocytosis and one or more biochemical changes indicative of hemolysis. In all five patients, the porcine valve was calcified. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated severe mitral stenosis and minimal mitral insufficiency in each of the patients with intravascular hemolysis. The presence of hemolysis is indicative of valve dysfunction. PMID- 7234706 TI - Effect of lidocaine on escape rate in patients with complete atrioventricular block: B. Proximal His bundle block. AB - Lidocaine was administered intravenously (a loading dose of 1.5 mg/kg body weight followed by a 3 mg/min infusion) to 10 patients with complete atrioventricular (A V) block proximal to the His bundle and A-V junctional escape rhythm. A-V block was not due to an acute myocardial infarction in seven patients (group I) and was due to an acute inferior wall infarction in three patients (group II). Lidocaine had either no or only a slight depressant effect on the rate of the escape pacemaker in patients in group I but caused severe bradycardia or asystole in two of three patients in group II. Lidocaine had no consistent effect on the atrial rate and did not change the QRS duration and H-V intervals in any patient. These observations are consistent with the results of animal studies that showed that lidocaine selectively depressed conduction in ischemic or depolarized myocardium. The findings also suggest that the use of lidocaine without prior insertion of a pacemaker is unsafe in patients with acute myocardial infarction and complete A-V block proximal to the His bundle. PMID- 7234705 TI - Procainamide-induced polymorphous ventricular tachycardia. AB - Seven cases of procainamide-induced polymorphous ventricular tachycardia are presented. In four patients, polymorphous ventricular tachycardia appeared after intravenous administration of 200 to 400 mg of procainamide for the treatment of sustained ventricular tachycardia. In the remaining three patients, procainamide was administered orally for treatment of chronic premature ventricular contractions or atrial flutter. These patients had Q-T prolongation and recurrent syncope due to polymorphous ventricular tachycardia. In four patients, the arrhythmia was rapidly diagnosed and treated with disappearance of further episodes of the arrhythmia. In two patients, the arrhythmia degenerated into irreversible ventricular fibrillation and both patients died. In the seventh patient, a permanent ventricular pacemaker was inserted and, despite continuation of procainamide therapy, polymorphous ventricular tachycardia did not reoccur. These seven cases demonstrate that procainamide can produce an acquired prolonged Q-T syndrome with polymorphous ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7234708 TI - Coronary heart disease and sudden death while running. PMID- 7234707 TI - Maximal exercise capacity of children with heart defects. PMID- 7234709 TI - Effects of supplementation of the diets with calcium and calcium-rich foods on bone density of elderly females with osteoporosis. AB - Diets of 20 elderly females with osteoporosis were supplemented daily with 2.25 oz of processed cheese, and 3 capsules of dicalcium phosphate + vitamin D containing 350 mg Ca, 270 mg P, and 399 IU vitamin D, for a 6-month period. The bone density of the 3-2 phalanx was measured densitometrically from the hand x ray taken with a standard aluminum stepwedge. Fasting blood and urine were analyzed at the beginning and end of the experimental period. The mean bone density increased (p less than 0.05). There were 11 subjects with increased bone density, three with no changes and six with reductions in bone density. Calcium, P, and alkaline phosphatase in serum and Ca/creatinine and P/creatinine in urine were unchanged. The changes in bone density were correlated to the changes in body weight (r = 0.6529). The results suggested that, even with a mean age of 70 yr, some elderly persons can benefit from supplementary Ca and Ca-rich foods to improve bone density. PMID- 7234710 TI - Separation of the dietary fat and cholesterol influences on plasma lipoproteins of rhesus monkeys. AB - In order to isolate the effects of the type of dietary fat from those of dietary cholesterol on the circulating pool of cholesterol, plasma lipoproteins were characterized in juvenile rhesus monkeys fed semipurified diets containing 31% of calories as corn oil or coconut oil. Half the diets contained 300 mg of cholesterol per 1000 kcal. The fatty acids of cholesteryl esters and phospholipids varied significantly with dietary fat such that saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids replaced polyunsaturated fatty acids in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density-lipoproteins of rhesus monkeys fed coconut oil. Dietary cholesterol alone induced small but significant increases in the cholesteryl ester: triglyceride ratio in both very low-density lipoproteins and LDL. Whereas neither saturated fat (coconut oil) nor cholesterol alone substantially altered the plasma cholesterol concentration or lipoprotein profile, together these dietary components interacted synergistically to produce a significant elevation in plasma cholesterol. This was due primarily to a significant rise in the cholesteryl ester fraction of LDL, disproportionate to any change in LDL protein concentration. The data are consistent with current hypotheses that relate parameters of LDL turnover and clearance to their macromolecular structure and physicochemical characteristics. PMID- 7234711 TI - Relative role of caloric restriction and exercise training upon susceptibility to isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in male rats. AB - To determine the relative effect of body weight and physical inactivity on susceptibility to drug-induced myocardial infarction, randomly selected groups of 100-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 10-wk program of exercise training and (or) to caloric restriction followed by two subcutaneous injections of L-isoproterenol. Two groups of rats were fed a restricted diet consisting of minimum calories to maintain body weight and were either exercised (R-Ex) or remained sedentary (R-C), one group was fed ad libitum and subjected to exercise (Ex), and one group remained sedentary (C), but was provided only enough food to maintain body weight in a range similar to Ex rats. Initially, there was no difference between group body weights, but Ex and C rats exhibited a significantly greater final body weight. All Ex, R-Ex, and R-C rats survived the isoproterenol injections, but 50% of C rats died. Group C rats exhibited significantly greater activity of total plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), whereas R-Ex rats had the lowest total LDH activity (p less than 0.05). R-Ex and R-C rats had a significantly lower activity of plasma LDH-1, the heart isozyme, than did the heavier Ex and C rats. More specifically, R-C rats exhibited a significantly decreased amount of plasma LDH-1 activity when compared with Ex rats, indicating that smaller, untrained rats had less myocardial damage than the heavier, exercise-trained rats. These data suggest that either exercise or maintenance of body weight is beneficial toward prevention of the drug-induced myocardial infarction, but when weight maintenance is combined with exercise additional protection is provided. PMID- 7234712 TI - Experimental zinc depletion and altered taste perception for NaCl in young adult males. AB - Taste perception for saltiness and bitterness was tested in five young men while fed a basal (15 mg Zn/day) and zinc depletion (0.25 mg Zn/day)) diet and in three young men during zinc repletion. The perceived intensity of five NaCl solutions ranging from 0 to 600 mM and five urea solutions also ranging from 0 to 600 mM were rated on a 17-point scale. The intensity ratings for the 75 and 150 mM NaCl solutions were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) during depletion than during the basal period; intensity ratings for 300 and 600 mM NaCl solutions did not change significantly. Bitterness perception was not altered with zinc depletion. The changes in perceived intensity that occurred were not related to parotid salivary zinc concentration, percentage change in plasma zinc with depletion, or the length of time required for depletion. The results suggest that zinc depletion may alter the taste perception of some moderately salty solutions. PMID- 7234713 TI - The effect of parity on maternal hair chromium concentration and the changes during pregnancy. AB - The effect of parity of maternal hair chromium and the changes during pregnancy were investigated. Hair samples were collected from nulliparous and multiparous women and longitudinally from pregnant women. Chromium was determined by flameless atomic absorption. Mean hair chromium in multiparous women was low when compared with nulliparous women of comparable ages. No significant decrease in hair chromium was observed between multiparous women and women who had borne only one child. Mean hair chromium in longitudinal samples was observed to decrease with advancing pregnancy. When initial hair chromium values were below 200 ng/g, the significant decrease occurred only in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. These results show that 1) hair chromium in multiparous women is lower than that in nulliparous women, 2) depending on chromium nutrition, hair chromium of pregnant woman shows a decrease with advancing pregnancy, 3) if adequate amounts of chromium are not taken during pregnancy, deficiency may result with increasing parity. PMID- 7234714 TI - Effects of chronic alcohol feeding on thiamin status: biochemical and neurological correlates. AB - The effects of chronic alcohol feeding on thiamin status are controversial; both adverse and beneficial effects have been reported. In order to study these effects, rats and baboons were pair-fed liquid diets containing thiamin in excess of dietary requirements and either ethanol (rats 36%, baboons 50% of total calories) or the identical diet with ethanol substituted isocalorically by carbohydrate. In the rat, chronic alcohol feeding for up to 6 months had no effects on tissue thiamin measured by transketolase assay, thiamin pyrophosphate effect, or bioassay with Ochromonas danica. Shuttle box avoidance learning in rats was impaired in animals rendered thiamin deficient but not in animals fed control or alcohol-containing liquid diets. In baboons, chronic alcohol feeding for up to 3 yr had no effects on blood levels of thiamin or on urinary excretion of thiamin. Thus, chronic alcohol feeding along with nutritionally supplemented diets does not appear to significantly affect thiamin status. PMID- 7234716 TI - The effect of iron deficiency on cognitive performance in the rat. AB - The effects of iron deficiency anemia on cognitive performance of the rat were examined in a test of transfer learning. Young adult female rats maintained on either an iron-adequate (37 ppm) or low-iron (7 ppm) diet were behaviorally tested in a modified Skinner box. Tests involved visual, auditory, association, and discrimination learning. Circulating hemoglobin levels of anemic animals approximated 58.5 and 64.3% of well-nourished controls during the training and final test phase. Hematocrit levels of anemic animals followed a similar reduction, approximating only 67.0 and 72.1% of iron-adequate controls. No significant differences were observed in visual discrimination performance of the anemic animals when compared to their well-nourished counterparts. Deficits in the ability to transfer a learning association between visual and auditory stimuli were observed, however, in the anemic animals during the final test phase. The results of the present study are indicative that some aspect of association learning is adversely affected by concurrent iron-deficiency anemia. PMID- 7234719 TI - Changes of blood selenium in New Zealand adults with time and importation of Australian wheat. AB - Blood selenium (Se) in residents of Hamilton, in the North Island of New Zealand, varied during 1973 to 1980 with maximum and minimum values of 87 and 57 ng/ml Se. These changes are consistent with values calculated from variations in dietary intake of Se of wheat products from the blending of New Zealand wheat (11 ng/g Se) with imported Australian wheat (150 ng/g Se). Se concentrations found in wheat products such as bread and flour were also in agreement with similarly calculated values. In contrast, the blood Se in residents of Dunedin and Tapanui, in the South Island of New Zealand, did not change with importation of wheat and coincided with the Hamilton minimum. This is attributed both to the similarity of Se levels in the associated soils, and to the absence of importation of Australian wheat into the South Island, which produces over 90% of the New Zealand wheat crop. PMID- 7234715 TI - Cataracts and riboflavin deficiency. AB - Lenticular reduced glutathione, diminished in all forms fo human cataract, requires flavin adenine dinucleotide as a coenzyme for glutathione reductase. Deficiency of riboflavin, a precursor of flavin adenine dinucleotide, has been believed by some to be associated with cataract formation. We evaluated the riboflavin nutritional status of healthy young adults, presenile and senile cataract patients, and young and older patients with clear lenses. We found no evidence of an association between riboflavin deficiency and early cataract formation, either idiopathic or secondary. Older cataract patients had more riboflavin deficiency. An absence of riboflavin deficiency was found in our older patients with clear lenses. The degree of riboflavin deficiency encountered in the general population does not appear to be cataractogenic. PMID- 7234717 TI - Hydrogenated oils and fats: the presence of chemically-modified fatty acids in human adipose tissue. AB - A total of 231 samples of adipose tissue has been analyzed for trans unsaturated acids which arise in large measure via consumption of hydrogenated fat; 136 specimens derived from patients who had died of ischemic heart disease (cases), the remainder being controls. They have also been analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography which gave information regarding the amounts of 1) "higher acids"- C20 plus C22 acids, mainly monoenoic--which derive from hydrogenated marine oils present in high amounts in certain margarines in the United Kingdom, and 2) "lower acids"--14:1 plus odd-numbered and branched chain acids in the C15 to C17 range--which are present in hydrogenated fat in lower amounts than in, say, butter-fat. Values of trans unsaturated acids tend to be higher, and values of lower acids lower for cases than controls, but we cannot at present conclude that these differences are statistically significant. Case versus control levels in respect of higher acids and linoleic acid do not appear to be significantly different. PMID- 7234720 TI - Lactose intolerance in North and South Indians. AB - A multicenter study was carried out in India to determine the incidence of lactose intolerance in healthy volunteers from different parts of the country. The incidence was found to be 66.6% in the subjects from two South Indian centers at Trivandrum and Pondicherry. In contrast, the incidence in the subjects from a North Indian center in New Delhi was much lower, i.e., 27.4% (p less than 0.001). The lower incidence in the North Indian subjects may perhaps be due to the fact that they are descendants of the Aryans who have been dairying for long and are known to be lactose tolerant. PMID- 7234718 TI - Riboflavin status in Gambian pregnant and lactating women and its implications for Recommended Dietary Allowances. AB - Riboflavin status by the erythrocyte glutathione reductase (NAD(P)H2:glutathione oxidoreductase EC1.6.4.2) test, and dietary riboflavin intake, were measured in 156 pregnant and lactating women in Keneba, a rural Gambian village, and in 59 pregnant and lactating women in Cambridge, England. The Keneba women were studied longitudinally, for up to 19 months. In Keneba, where the mean daily riboflavin intake was 0.5 mg, the mean erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient was 1.78 and there was a marked deterioration of biochemical status near parturition. In Cambridge, where the mean intake was 2.3 mg/day, the mean activation coefficient was 1.19. A vitamin fortified diet supplement, given to lactating women in Keneba for 8 months, raised their mean riboflavin intake for 0.5 to 1.5 mg/day and reduced the mean activation coefficient to 1.42. It is therefore likely that an intake even greater than the current United Kingdom or United States recommended daily amounts would be needed to achieve biochemical 'normality' in these women. PMID- 7234721 TI - B6 vitamer analysis in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography: a preliminary report. AB - An extraction procedure that can be used successfully with a high performance liquid chromatography sample clean-up and analytical method is outlined for the determination of B6 vitamer and pyridoxic acid concentrations in human plasma. The method is a modification of ones developed for food and animal tissue investigations. Chromatographic traces, relatively clean of interfering compounds are obtained. The method has the advantage of speed and reproducibility and yields recoveries of from 90 to 100% for all vitamers and pyridoxic acid. PMID- 7234722 TI - Precision and accuracy of serum ferritin measurements. AB - For the epidemiological evaluation of iron stores the precision of serum ferritin measurement in the low range are important for the accurate determination of the prevalence of iron deficiency and the detection of subtle changes in serum ferritin levels after food iron manipulation. In addition the recognition of iron overload and the evaluation of its severity are important. In this study samples with low serum ferritin values were repetitively measured in a classic radioimmunoassay (RIA) and in two "2-site" immunoradiometric assays (IRMA), one of which used a polystyrene bead and the other a polystyrene tube fas the solid phase. Variability was significantly less with the IRMA using a bead than that using a tube. Optimum precision was noted when samples were run at the lowest possible dilution (1:10) with relatively long reaction times. The bead IRMA was also more precise that the RIA which had a standard curve with 50% radioactive binding (maximum precision) of 40 ng/ml. Within the normal serum ferritin range (12 to 300 ng/ml) extremely similar results were obtained with an RIA and IRMA. However, when iron overload samples (serum ferritin values greater than 2000 ng/ml) were examined the RIA gave values significantly lower than those obtained by IRMA. The lower values by RIA may be related to the immunological heterogeneity of serum ferritin which is maximized by an assay performed in antigen excess (RIA) and minimized by one performed in antibody excess (IRMA). These observations indicate a need for the development of specific serum ferritin assays for epidemiological studies. By manipulating the components of the standard curve the RIA and IRMA can be optimized to provide maximum precision when low serum ferritin values are being measured. in choosing an assay the ability of the method to determine the severity of iron overload must also be taken into consideration. PMID- 7234723 TI - Federally supported human nutrition research, training, and education. PMID- 7234724 TI - Paired t test, negative intraclass correlations, and case-control studies. PMID- 7234725 TI - Clinical nutrition as a medical discipline. PMID- 7234726 TI - Serum zinc and demineralized water. PMID- 7234727 TI - Unmeasured diet versus exchange diet in diabetics. PMID- 7234728 TI - Effect of a meal on the oxygen consumption-heart rate relationship. PMID- 7234729 TI - Central nervous system malformations and maternal zinc deficiency in Turkey. PMID- 7234730 TI - The interaction of zinc and vitamin A: on the logic of supplementing the adequately-nourished. PMID- 7234731 TI - Vitamin B12. PMID- 7234732 TI - Federally-supported human nutrition research, training, and education: update for the 1980s. I. Human nutrition research and training. Prepared by the Joint Subcommittee on Human Nutrition Research of the Committee on Health and Medicine and the Committee on Food and Renewable Resources. Federal Coordinating Council on Science, Engineering, and Technology. Office of Science and Technology Policy. Executive Office of the President. PMID- 7234733 TI - Plasma thiamin pyrophosphate and erythrocyte transketolase in chronic alcoholism. AB - Thiamin status in patients with an alcohol problem was studied before and after intramuscular thiamin hydrochloride. Results for erythrocyte transketolase activity and plasma thiamin pyrophosphate are compared. Plasma thiamin pyrophosphate values for healthy human subjects are reported for the first time. Advantages of plasma thiamin pyrophosphate in the assessment of thiamin status of patients are discussed. PMID- 7234734 TI - An increase in vitamin E requirement induced by high supplementation of vitamin C in rats. AB - Weanling rats were maintained on purified diets with graded levels of vitamin E at 50, 60, 100, 200, or 500 IU/kg diet; each group was further divided into two subgroups, each with six rats and received vitamin C at 0 or 1.5 g/kg diet. After 1 or 2 months, the determination of antioxidant status showed that the high supplementation of vitamin C at the marginally adequate vitamin E level significantly increased in vitro erythrocyte hemolysis and liver lipid peroxidation, and significantly lowered erythrocyte level of reduced glutathione and plasma level of vitamin E; thus lowering the overall antioxidant potential of the animals. A small increase in vitamin E level counteracted the hemolytic and peroxidative effect of the high supplementation of vitamin C. A greater increase in vitamin E level counteracted the effect of high supplementation of vitamin C in decreasing glutathione level and plasma vitamin E level. These results indicate that the adverse effect of the high supplementation of vitamin C on tissue antioxidant potential may be overcome by increasing the supplementation level of vitamin E, and suggest that vitamin E requirement may be increased with increased vitamin C supplementation. PMID- 7234735 TI - The iron and zinc status of long-term vegetarian women. AB - Iron and zinc status of 56 Seventh-Day Adventist Canadian women (mean age 52.9 +/ 15.3 yr) following vegetarian diets for 19 +/- 17 yr were investigated. Energy, protein, iron, available iron, zinc, and total dietary fiber intakes were calculated from 3-day dietary records. Hemoglobin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, serum and hair zinc concentrations were also determined. Plant products provided 92 and 77% of the total dietary iron and zinc intakes, respectively. Calculated mean daily intakes (+/- SD) for energy, protein, iron, zinc, and total dietary fiber were 1630 +/- 354 kcal, 58 +/- 14 g, 12.5 +/- 3.0 mg, 9.2 +/- 2.5 mg, and 30.9 +/- 11.0 g, respectively. Mean hemoglobin (13.1 +/- 1.0 g/dl), calculated serum transferrin saturation (37.5 +/- 12.9%), mean serum zinc (99 +/- 24 microgram/dl), and hair zinc concentrations (187 +/- 44 ppm) were all within the normal range. The iron and zinc status of these long-term Seventh-Day Adventist vegetarian women appeared adequate despite their low intake of readily absorbed iron and zinc from flesh foods and their high intake of total dietary fiber and phytate. PMID- 7234737 TI - Contribution of skeletal muscle protein in elevated rates of whole body protein catabolism in trauma patients. AB - Whole body protein breakdown using 15N and skeletal muscle protein breakdown from urinary 3-methylhistidine were measured simultaneously in seven skeletal trauma and eight normal subjects on a standard hypocaloric, protein free diet. The trauma group had a 31% greater resting metabolic energy expenditure than controls. The control males lost 3.73 mumol/kg/day of 3-methylhistidine which suggested a protein breakdown rate of 0.89 g P/kg/day. The control females lost 2.46 mumol/kg/day of 3-methylhistidine or a breakdown rate of 0.58 g P/kg/day. These parameters were 187% greater for males and 163% greater for females in the trauma group. The measured whole body protein breakdown rates were 3.64 g P/kg/day for the control males and 2.69 for females. Skeletal trauma increased both by 73%. Skeletal trauma raised the muscle contribution to the whole body breakdown rate from 24.4 to 40.4% for men and from 21.6 to 33.0% for women. This disproportionate increase in muscle protein breakdown is consistent with muscle protein metabolism being most seriously affected by severe injury. PMID- 7234736 TI - Effect of vegetarianism on the zinc status of pregnant women. AB - The zinc status of 12 pregnant vegetarian women, six pregnant nonvegetarian women, and five nonpregnant vegetarian women was evaluated. Zinc intake was calculated from 3-day dietary records. Hair, urinary, and nonfasting plasma samples were collected during an interview. Dietary, plasma, urinary, and hair zinc levels did not differ significantly between the pregnant vegetarians and nonvegetarians. But plasma zinc was about 21% lower in the pregnant women than the nonpregnant women even though the pregnant women consumed about twice as much zinc as the nonpregnant women. The data suggest that the parameters of zinc status studied were affected by pregnancy more than ovo-lacto vegetarian dietary habits. PMID- 7234739 TI - Plasma lipids in tropical sprue. AB - Previous studies indicated that many patients with tropical sprue in southern India have triglyceride accumulation within the cells of the intestinal mucosa. This could be due to essential fatty acid deficiency as a result of steatorrhea in subjects on a diet normally low in linoleic acid. Plasma lipids have, therefore, been studied in patients with tropical sprue and the results compared to values observed in healthy controls. The low intake of linoleic acid was found to be adequate to maintain normal levels of arachidonic acid and to repress the formation of 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid in rural controls. Patients with tropical sprue had decreased levels of plasma linoleic acid, raised monoenoic fatty acids and the appearance of 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid in the lecithin fraction. All of these observations indicate essential fatty acid depletion although unequivocal evidence of essential fatty acid deficiency was not present in any of the patients. The degree of essential fatty acid depletion observed is unlikely to be the cause of the mucosal accumulation of triglyceride in tropical sprue. PMID- 7234738 TI - Nutritional effects of surgery, radiation therapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcomas. AB - To determine the nutritional effects of aggressive combined modality cancer therapy, 35 consecutive patients undergoing surgery, radiation therapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcomas of the head, neck, and trunk were prospectively studied. Changes in body weight, total protein, albumin, total lymphocyte count, and creatinine/height ratio were studied. Significant weight loss occurred with surgery, radiation therapy, and doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide, but not methotrexate, chemotherapy. Total protein and albumin did not change significantly with any of the individual therapies. On long-term follow-up (mean 27 months), patients who survived free of sarcoma showed little nutritional morbidity. Patients with progressive sarcoma, however, showed decreases of 9% in body weight (NS), 11% in total protein (p less than 0.01), 17% in serum albumin (p less than 0.05), and 64% in total lymphocyte count (p less than 0.02). These data indicate that aggressive combined modality cancer therapy can have significant acute nutritional effects. Long-term nutritional morbidity, however, is minimal in patients without recurrent disease. In contrast, patients with recurrent disease show severe nutritional deficits which seem more a consequence of the progressive disease than of the aggressive therapy. PMID- 7234741 TI - Protein and amino acids of breast milk from Thai mothers. AB - The protein, amino acids, and nonprotein nitrogen of milk samples obtained from Thai mothers over a period of 0 to more than 270 days postpartum were determined. Protein levels decreased from 1.56% during the 1st wk to a low of about 0.6% from 180 to 270 days and then rose to about 0.7%. The amino acid pattern of the milks suggested a number of differences in their composition and those of samples analyzed in other countries. Nonprotein nitrogen varied from 20 to 40% of the total nitrogen of the milk. It has been concluded that the need for supplementation of breast-fed Thai babies may occur earlier than many nutritionists advocate. PMID- 7234740 TI - Vitamin supplement use among registered nurses. AB - A dietary questionnaire which included items relating to the use of specific vitamin preparations was sent to a randomly selected group of 2000 female, registered nurses aged 30 to 59 yr residing in 10 states. Among the 1742 women (87%) who returned completed questionnaires, the rates of use were 38% for multiple vitamins, 4% for specific preparations of vitamin A, 23% for vitamin C, and 15% for vitamin E. Women who used specific preparations of vitamins A, C, and E generally consumed them in quantities many times greater than the RDA. Use of specific vitamin preparations was found to increase with age and was highest in California. PMID- 7234742 TI - Disaccharidase activities. PMID- 7234743 TI - Is preterm milk nutritionally advantageous? PMID- 7234744 TI - Dietary intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in Japanese men living in Hawaii. PMID- 7234745 TI - Paradoxical interrelationships of tests of immune fuction and host resistance in nutritional deficiency--a caution to immunologists. PMID- 7234746 TI - Dietary fat and plasma prolactin. PMID- 7234748 TI - Amino acid score and protein quality. PMID- 7234747 TI - Diet and plasma prolactin. PMID- 7234749 TI - Recommended energy intake according to the United States dietary goals. PMID- 7234750 TI - Dietary cholesterol and atherosclerosis: the Tarahumara (Flying Feet) Indians. PMID- 7234751 TI - Bursa formation an synovial chondrometaplasia associated with osteochondromas. AB - Two adult patients who had synovial chondromatosis occurring within bursae formed around osteochondromas are described. In spite of marked cellular atypia of the cartilage cells, the clinical course was unremarkable, pointing out the discrepancy between histologic changes and subsequent behavior in this condition. Histologic features, in addition, are not always helpful in distinguishing primary from secondary chondrometaplasia. PMID- 7234752 TI - Departmental resources and statistics of academic pathology. AB - The resources needed to operate an academic pathology department have not been evaluated for several years. Fifty academic pathology departments in this country returned a 14-page questionnaire that included information about procedures, personnel, space, and patient load. These data were summarized using means, percentiles, ratios, and linear regression analyses. The average academic pathology department performed more than 5,000 procedures for 1,200 inpatients and outpatients per day and produced 42 publications per year. The results of this study may assist members of the academic pathology community in assessing current and future needs. PMID- 7234753 TI - A microbiologic and ultrastructural investigation of germ-tube formation by oral strains of Candida tropicalis. AB - Presumptive germ tube-positive and -negative Candida tropicalis strains have been obtained from both normal children and patients who have candidiasis. Examination of these strains by conventional microbiologic tests confirmed them to be C. tropicalis. Ultrastructural examination of the filaments produced by the positive strains revealed two types: true germ tubes and those with basally constricted cytoplasm. A fluctuation analysis of the positive strains showed two subgroups: germ tube-positive and -negative. It is suggested that C. tropicalis strains may be divided into germ tube-positive and -negative strains, and that germ-tube formation must therefore not be used as a sole criterion for identification of C. albicans. PMID- 7234754 TI - Transcobalamin-binding capacities in vitamin B12-related diseases. AB - Abnormalities in some transcobalamin unsaturated binding capacities (TC-UBBC) were found in some patients with treated pernicious anemia who had elevated TC II UBBC, R-UBBC, and total UBBC, in gastrectomized patients with latent vitamin B12 deficiency who had elevated R-UBBC and UBBC, and in patients with obstructive jaundice who had elevated TC II-UBBC and UBBC. No abnormalities were found in patients who had untreated pernicious anemia, folate deficiency, unclassifiable megaloblastic anemia, tobacco amblyopia, or low serum B12 level but normal capacity to absorb vitamin B12. PMID- 7234755 TI - Within-day physiologic variation of leukocyte types in healthy subjects as assayed by two automated leukocyte differential analyzers. AB - The physiologic within-day (700-2200 h) variation of leukocyte-type concentrations in blood as determined for 21 healthy young adults is reported. All blood specimens were obtained in duplicate such that the within-batch analytic variation, as well as the pertinent biologic sources of variation, was able to be determined. All specimens were analyzed on each of two automated leukocyte differential systems: Hemalog-D Differential System and the Hematrak 240 Analyzer. On the basis of a comparison of the performances of the two analyzers, it was decided to report the neutrophil and the lymphocyte values as measured on both systems, the monocyte values as measured on teh Hematrak only, and the eosinophil and basophil values as measured on the Hemalog-D only. The intrasubject within-day physiologic variations for the cell on the Hemalog-D and Hematrak, respectively, in terms of coefficient of variation wee as follows: neutrophils 19.4% and 19.6%; lymphocytes, 13.8% and 17.5%. For monocytes, as measured on the Hematrak, it was 13.4%. For eosinophils and basophils, as measured on the Hemalog-D, it was 27.2% and 8.3%, respectively. There was a consistent group-specific diurnal variance that amounted to more than 40% of the total within-day variance, both for lymphocytes and for eosinophils. The within day physiologic variation of the cell type concentrations for eight of the volunteers was compared with that of the plasma cortisol concentrations, as determined on specimens derived from the same veni-puncture sessions. The decrease in plasma cortisol values was in most instances associated with decreases in eosinophils and increases in neutrophils. For total leukocytes and neutrophils, the mean concentration for smokers was significantly higher than that for nonsmokers. PMID- 7234756 TI - Immunochemical determination of LDH-1. AB - An evaluation of a new immunochemical method for the heart isoenzyme of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH-1) is described. In this assay, a goat antibody against the M subunit of LDH is added to a patient's serum. Donkey antigoat gamma globulin is then added, which precipitates the M-anti-M complex. LDH activity in the supernatant is thus a measure of the heart isoenzyme, since this isoenzyme is not precipitable by the anti-M antibody. Assays for total CK, CK-MB, and total LDH, and LDH electrophoresis were performed along with an immunochemical LDH-1 assay on 261 serum samples from 49 patients clinically suspected to have acute myocardial infarctions. These were performed on admission and 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours later. The diagnosis of acute infarction was confirmed for 25 of the 49 patients and ruled out for 19. Five patients were classified clinically as borderline cases for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. All 25 patients with the clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction had positive results by both electrophoresis and immunochemistry; four of the five borderline patients had positive results by electrophoresis. All five borderline patients had positive results by immunochemistry. None of the 19 patients without apparent myocardial injury had positive results by either electrophoresis or immunochemistry. Ten (40%) of the 25 samples collected at the time of admission from 25 patients who had myocardial infarctions had elevated LDH-1 activity by electrophoresis, while 14 patients (56%) had increased LDH-1 by immunochemistry. The immunochemical method for LDH-1 is more sensitive than electrophoresis for the detection of myocardial infarction and offers the further advantages of greater simplicity, precision, and accuracy, while being no less specific. PMID- 7234757 TI - Several conditions causing elevation of serum CK-MB and CK-BB. AB - Most of the creatine kinase (CK:EC 2.7.3.2) activity is present in skeletal muscle and myocardium. However, some activity in other organs has been reported. Theoretically, the destruction of organs that contain CK activity should release soluble enzymes into the general circulation. The effects of various destructive processes on serum creatine kinase isoenzymes in 70 patients were studied. The MB isoenzyme was demonstrated in 17 of 70 patients (24%), and the BB isoenzyme in 12 of 70 patients (17%). MB activity ranged from 3 to 12 U/l, or 0.7% to 10% of the total CK activity. BB activity ranged from 2.5 to 21 U/l, or 0.4% to 18.6% of the total CK activity. Interpretation of the results of CK isoenzyme studies should be made very carefully, especially if laboratories use CK-MB methods that measure MB and BB in combination. The diagnosis of myocardial injury should never be based solely on the presence of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme in the serum, but should be supported by additional clinical and laboratory data. PMID- 7234758 TI - Reliability of the dual-isotope Schilling test for the diagnosis of pernicious anemia or malabsorption syndrome. AB - To evaluate the dual-isotope Schilling test for the diagnosis of pernicious anemia or malabsorption syndrome, 65 studies were selected for clinical correlation. Criteria for pernicious anemia included mean corpuscular volume greater than 100 cu micrometer, serum B12 greater than 100 ng/l, megaloblastic marrow, achlorhydria, reticulocytes greater than 5% on B12 therapy, atrophic gastritis, and elevated serum antibodies to parietal cells or intrinsic factor. Criteria for malabsorption syndrome included: decreased serum B12, folate, and carotene; increased fecal fat; abnormal D-xylose absorption; abnormal radiographic and biopsy findings. 58Co-cyanocobalamin and 57Co-cyanocobalamin bound to intrinsic factor were given orally to fasting patients; 1 mg of nonradioactive B12 was injected intramuscularly within two hours. Aliquots of 24 hour urine samples were counted. If the excretion of 58Co was less than 7% and the 57Co/58Co ratio was greater than 1.7, the test indicated pernicious anemia; a ratio less than 1.7 indicated malabsorption syndrome. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the dual-isotope Schilling test were 83%, 98%, and 94% for pernicious anemia, and 67%, 90%, and 86% for malabsorption syndrome, respectively. PMID- 7234759 TI - Propionibacterium acnes central nervous system shunt infection. Commercial blood culture medium-dependent isolation of the bacterium. AB - A 58-year-old woman had a central nervous system shunt infection and septicemia caused by Propionibacterium acnes. During a two-year period, many Becton Dickinson blood cultures (18 of 39) were positive for P. acnes, but all BACTEC blood cultures (15) were negative. Parallel cultures in the two commercial media performed simultaneously on the same blood samples several times resulted in a positive Becton-Dickinson culture and a negative BACTEC culture. This case reemphasizes that some bacterial isolates may not be detected when using only one commercial blood culture medium. Thus, if many blood cultures are negative for patients who have clinical features suggestive of septicemia, other types of blood culture media should be inoculated. PMID- 7234760 TI - Carcinomesenchymoma of the uterus. AB - A unique case of intramural uterine tumor composed of malignant epithelium and benign smooth muscle, adipose tissue, and cartilage is reported. This tumor, which the authors designated "carcinomesenchymoma," apparently represents an example of a previously unreported variant of mixed mullerian tumor that is composed of malignant epithelium and benign mesenchymal elements. PMID- 7234761 TI - Pheochromocytoma associated with arterial fibromuscular dysplasia. AB - An unusual case of pheochromocytoma associated with multifocal medial fibromuscular dysplasia of the left subclavian (ruptured), celiac, and bilateral renal arteries is described. Additionally, the coronary arteries, left renal arcuate vessels, and peripancreatic and intracolonic muscular arteries revealed intimal fibroplasia. Thirty-three cases of pheochromocytoma associated with renal artery stenosis have been reported, including four instances radiologically attributed to fibromuscular dysplasia. Renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia associated with pheochromocytoma has not been histologically documented, and extrarenal fibromuscular dysplasia with simultaneous pheochromocytoma has not been previously described. Current etiologic concepts of fibromuscular dysplasia and possible pathogenetic mechanisms for its occurrence with pheochromocytoma are discussed. PMID- 7234762 TI - Diagnostic utility of morphologic criteria encountered in malignant lymphoid cells. PMID- 7234763 TI - Significance of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase index in hairy cell leukemia. PMID- 7234764 TI - Erroneously low results due to high nonspecific binding encountered with a radioassay kit that measures "true" serum vitamin B12. PMID- 7234767 TI - The reproductive endocrine system in cystic fibrosis. I. Basal gonadotropin and sex steroid levels. AB - Serum gonadotropin and sex steroid levels were measured in 106 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), 46 males and 60 females, aged 8 to 24 years. The finding of delayed pubertal increments of serum gonadotropin and sex steroid levels in CF patients suggests late maturation of the reproductive endocrine system. Although pubertal changes in reproductive endocrine hormones in patients with CF appear to be temporally delayed, generally appropriate levels of these hormones are finally attained in most patients by the late teenage years. Delayed maturation of the reproductive endocrine system probably is secondary to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, the result of chronic inanition. PMID- 7234765 TI - Plague in a neonate. AB - More than half of the cases of plague in the United States are diagnosed in children. In the 1970s, 105 cases were reported, a 350% increase over the 1960s. Plague should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children from the western United States who have sepsis, especially those with lymphadenopathy. Complications of plague include meningitis, metabolic encephalopathy, abscess, and pneumonia. With appropriate treatment, prompt clinical response usually occurs. Careful isolation and epidemiologic investigation are essential to prevent the spread of the disease. PMID- 7234766 TI - Left atrial myxoma. Is cardiac catheterization essential? AB - Although uncommon in children, primary cardiac tumors, especially left atrial myxomas, can be cured with surgery. We present our experience with a 12-year old boy with a left atrial myxoma diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography who underwent successful surgical resection without prior catheterization. We recommend that all patients suspected of having cardiac tumors undergo echocardiographic evaluation. As this case illustrates, the essential information for surgical management of myxomas can be obtained from two-dimensional echocardiograms, which obviates cardiac catheterization. PMID- 7234768 TI - Sources and susceptibilities of staphylococci isolated from children. A seven year survey. AB - A seven-year surveillance was done of the antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients seen in The Children's Hospital, Birmingham, Ala. There were no outbreaks of hospital-acquired staphylococcal infection during this time. Of 5,479 strains, 2,685 were from hospitalized children; 2,794 of 5,479 were from outpatients. The incidence of penicillin resistance increased from 76% to more than 85% between 1973 and 1979, with no significant difference noted between inpatient and outpatient strains. Penicillin resistance was similar, regardless of the clinical source (site of isolation) of staphylococci. Skin lesions, soft tissue, wounds, and abscess perennially accounted for the greatest proportion of isolates. Thus, skin lesions represent an important reservoir for penicillin-resistant staphylococci. Nearly all strains were susceptible to the other antibiotics tested; multiple resistance was rare. Susceptibility to clindamycin, erythromycin, cephalothin, sodium, and nafcillin sodium remained stable through the years. These agents provide effective therapeutic regimens for patients with staphylococcal infection, including those with penicillin allergy. PMID- 7234769 TI - The child with a 'simple' febrile seizure. Appropriate diagnostic evaluation. AB - Febrile seizures are a common pediatric problem, yet there is a great deal of disagreement about the appropriate diagnostic evaluation of a child with this disorder. We reviewed the routine diagnostic tests performed on 100 consecutive children admitted with their first "simple" febrile seizure. The studies performed included lumbar puncture, measurement of blood glucose, serum calcium, serum electrolytes, and BUN levels, blood cell count, urinalysis, skull roentgenograms, and EEG. Though resulting in a significant expense, these routine investigations proved to be of little diagnostic value. Based on this experience and a review of the current literature, we concluded that diagnostic procedures should be performed only when specifically called for by the patient's condition or medical history. PMID- 7234770 TI - Compliance with salicylate therapy in adolescents with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We compared adolescents' compliance with medical regimens with that of younger children and identified characteristics of noncompliant adolescents. Compliance among 82 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) was monitored using serum salicylate levels. Fifty-five percent of adolescents and 55% of children were found to have good compliance. Among adolescent patients with JRA, however, the following factors were associated with salicylate therapy non-compliance: longer duration of disease (more than six years); earlier age at onset (under 9 years); later time of referral to a subspecialist; shorter duration of subspecialty clinic care; and fewer clinic visits. Knowledge of these variables will facilitate development of intervention strategies tailored to meet the age specific needs of this population with chronic illness. PMID- 7234771 TI - Arginine deficiency syndrome. Its occurrence in carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency. AB - A child with carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency was studied. During attempts at dietary control, a peculiar rash and cessation of growth were noted concomitant with a very low serum arginine level. A prospective study was designed so that the only variable would be the addition of 400 mg of arginine to his diet. During the two-week period without arginine, the rash and growth failure recurred and paralleled a drop in the serum arginine level from 0.048 to 0.034 nmol/mL. Then with the addition of arginine, his rash dramatically cleared and he resumed normal growth. Later, it became necessary to raise his arginine intake to 800 mg/day to maintain continued growth. These data support the concept that arginine becomes an "essential" amino acid in persons with urea cycle defects, which may partially explain the extremely variable clinical manifestations and courses seen in these patients. PMID- 7234772 TI - Medroxyprogesterone therapy for sexual precocity in girls. AB - An evaluation of 13 girls who had been treated intramuscularly with medroxyprogesterone acetate for sexual precocity showed that this drug has no effect on growth, skeletal maturation, or adult height. During treatment (mean duration, 3.6 years), menstruation was suppressed and breast size initially regressed, but breast development and public hair development progressed during long-term therapy. The extent of delay in resumption of menses after cessation of therapy was related both to duration of treatment and dosage of the drug. PMID- 7234773 TI - The George Armstrong award lecture. The child in the Third World. PMID- 7234774 TI - Radiological case of the month. PMID- 7234775 TI - Primary pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood. PMID- 7234776 TI - Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome after herniorrhaphy. PMID- 7234778 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia in normal infants. PMID- 7234777 TI - Persistent reactivity of patent ductus with a review of the mechanism of spontaneous closure. PMID- 7234780 TI - Smoking mothers affect little lives. PMID- 7234779 TI - Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of chronic mastoiditis in children. PMID- 7234781 TI - Intracranial pressure. PMID- 7234782 TI - Effect of maternal cigarette smoking on Apgar scores. AB - As shown in a total of 43,492 live-born singleton infants, the proportion of low and depressed Apgar scores is related to the extent of maternal cigarette usage during pregnancy. In particular, the three-pack level of smoking (41 to 60 cigarettes per day) is reflected in a near-quadrupling of low and depressed one minute and five-minute Apgar scores in both blacks and whites and also after exclusion of prematurely born infants. PMID- 7234783 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis infection in mothers and infants. A prospective study. AB - The incidence of chlamydia trachomatis infection of the cervix during pregnancy was found to be 18% in a group of 1,327 women attending the prenatal clinic of a large urban hospital. There were no statistically significant differences between infected and uninfected women in the type or frequency of complications of pregnancy. Chlamydial infection was demonstrated in 27 (28%) of 95 infants born vaginally to infected mothers. Conjunctival infection in these infants was detected earlier than nasopharyngeal infection and the conjunctivae appeared to be the usual portal of entry for the organism. Infants were observed through the age of 12 weeks. Conjunctivae, but the chlamydial pneumonia syndrome occurred in only three (17%) of 18 infants with nasopharyngeal infection. PMID- 7234784 TI - Nosocomial respiratory syncytial viral infections. Should gowns and masks be used? AB - The efficacy of infection control procedures utilizing gowns and masks in the control of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections was evaluated by comparing the rate of nosocomial RSV infections in infants and ward personnel during two sequential periods when gowns and masks were used (period 1) and not used (period 2). All patients (162) and staff (36) on our infants' ward were examined for signs of respiratory infection and had nasal washes obtained for viral isolation every two to four days for two months. Nosocomial RSV infection was identified in a total of 19 infants. Eight of these occurred in period 1 for a nosocomial infection rate of 32% of contact infants who were hospitalized for seven or more days. In comparison, 11 (41%) of the contact infants hospitalized for seven or more days in period 2 became infected. These findings suggest that the additional routine use of masks and gowns does not result in measurable benefit in controlling the nosocomial spread of RSV infection to infants or to ward personnel. PMID- 7234786 TI - Intracranial pressure. Sequential measurements in full-term and preterm infants. AB - Intracranial pressure (ICP) was measured sequentially using a pressure-activated fiberoptic device that is placed over the anterior fontanel in 120 full-term and 53 preterm infants during the first week after birth. Mean birth weight in full term infants was 3,527 g (range, 2,720 to 4,620 g) and in preterm infants was 1,695 g (range 1,130 to 2,440 g). Mean ICP was 12.6, 12.1, and 11.4 cm H2O on days 1,2, and 3 in full-term infants, and was 10.2, 17.0, 11.0, 8.9, 7.3 cm H20 on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 in preterm infants. The values in preterm infants did not seem to be related to differences in Apgar scores, but higher values were seen in infants treated with continuous positive airway pressure administered by nasal prongs (before the method of fixation was changed). More stable values have been seen recently in preterm infants, which may reflect changes in care (eg, less hypoxemia). PMID- 7234785 TI - Insensible water loss in the critically III neonate. Combined effect of radiant warmer power and phototherapy. AB - To quantitate radiant power and insensible water loss under phototherapy, 12 neonates were studied under radiant warmers for one hour each with and without phototherapy. Warmer power was measured by wattmeter and thermopile. Power density received from phototherapy was 4.4 mW/sq cm. Addition of phototherapy to the servocontrolled warmer caused a disease in power density received from the warmer (17.1 to 12.9 mW/sq cm). However, the total radiant-power density received with phototherapy and the warmer combined (17.3 mW/sg cm) did not differ from net power density received without phototherapy (17.1 mW/sq cm). Insensible water loss, measured with a metabolic balance, increased from 2.54 to 3.73 mL/kg/hr, with addition of phototherapy. Since the total radiant-power density did not change, mechanisms other than increased radiant-power delivery must exist to explain the increased insensible water loss observed with phototherapy. PMID- 7234787 TI - Clinical and chemical correlates of the bilirubin-binding capacity in newborns. PMID- 7234788 TI - Familial occurrence of congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis. Genetic implications. AB - Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis (CPL) is a rare, generalized disease of the lung, consisting of lymphatic cysts in the subpleural and interlobular connective tissue. This disorder typically manifests a clinical picture of acute respiratory distress with cyanosis shortly after birth, with death occurring in the neonatal period. Several cases of this disorder have been described in the literature, but there has been no family with more than one affected child. We report the first instance, to our knowledge, of familial cases of CPL, which raises an important question regarding a possible genetic component in this disorder. The implications of this are discussed. PMID- 7234789 TI - Transcutaneous bilirubinometry. The cephalocaudal progression of dermal icterus. AB - The transcutaneous bilirubinometer (TcB) was used to document the cephalocaudal progression of dermal icterus in neonates. The TcB index of a specific area was compared with that of the forehead (TcB ratio). Four surface regions were identified, placed in the following sequence with respect to decreasing TcB ratio values: (1) forehead and sternum; (2) elbow, upper part of the back, and upper part of the abdomen; (3) lower part of the back and knee; and (4) palm and sole. To examine the relationship of the skin region of different serum bilirubin levels, a model was created that allowed the correlation of the TcB index with the specific region's distance from the forehead. Area differences in TcB values at lower bilirubin concentrations were less marked than at high levels. While the mechanism of this phenomenon has not been elucidated, the role of biophysical properties of the skin remains to be explored. PMID- 7234791 TI - Juvenile arthritis. PMID- 7234790 TI - Pectus excavatum from chronic upper airway obstruction. AB - Two patient with enlarged adenoids and tonsils had cardiopulmonary distress and pectus excavatum. In both patients, the cardiorespiratory difficulty and the pectus deformity were relieved by removing the obstructive adenoids and tonsils. This observation supports the hypothesis that upper airway obstruction can cause a chest wall deformity. In a patient with cardiorespiratory distress and pectus excavatum, upper airway obstruction should be considered. PMID- 7234792 TI - Radiological case of the month. Bladder neck contracture: primary vs secondary disease. PMID- 7234793 TI - Nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency in infants. PMID- 7234794 TI - Pulmonary mucormycosis and juvenile diabetes. PMID- 7234795 TI - Hereditary congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism. PMID- 7234797 TI - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver: an unusual cause of portal hypertension in childhood. PMID- 7234800 TI - Diets for children and adolescents: how much protein? PMID- 7234798 TI - Thoracic cord tumor appearing as recurrent abdominal pain. PMID- 7234801 TI - Left atrial myxoma. PMID- 7234799 TI - Autosomal dominant aniridia in association with craniopharyngioma. PMID- 7234796 TI - Cephalic tetanus as a complication of nasal foreign body. PMID- 7234802 TI - The Milton Helpern library of legal medicine. AB - The development and early activities of the Milton Helpern Library of Legal Medicine is narrated by Dr. Milton Helpern. The offshoots of the Library are discussed, including the International Microform Journal of Legal Medicine, which was the first journal of its type in medicine. This has been continued after the death of Dr. Helpern by the new editor, Dr. William G. Eckert of Wichita, Kansas, and the Director of the Milton Helpern International Center of Forensic Sciences at Wichita State University. Its new name is the International Microform Journal of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences. PMID- 7234803 TI - An overview of suicide--1979. AB - There are many changes taking place and new directions being developed all the time in suicidology. The various changes and why they are happening are discussed. The activities of the suicide prevention centers are reviewed and some of the experiences of the Detroit Suicide Prevention and Drug Information Center are reported. There is discussion of the role of the psychiatrist in support of some aspects of law enforcement activities including crisis intervention technics. The American Association of Suicidology is discussed as is the International Association for Suicide Prevention. PMID- 7234805 TI - The murder masquerade. The Domer case. PMID- 7234804 TI - Castration--a means of induction into the Hijirah group of the eunuch community in India. A critical study of 20 cases. PMID- 7234806 TI - The spectrum of drug abuse in Singapore. PMID- 7234807 TI - Medicolegal challenges. PMID- 7234808 TI - The Milton Helpern International Center for the Forensic Sciences. A reference center in forensic medicine. AB - The Milton Helpern International Center for the Forensic Sciences represents a unique self-supporting reference resource available at no cost to any forensic practitioner in the work or any student, faculty member or person in law, medicine, or law enforcement who has an interest in obtaining information in support of their requests for knowledge in the forensic sciences. The Registry of Unusual Cases represents an outstanding resource available at the Center for the collection, registration, and dissemination of information to anyone who reports or inquires about similar cases. This service is explained and illustrated in this article. PMID- 7234809 TI - Unusual dental forensic cases in Norway. AB - Two forensic dental cases from Norway are presented. The first case, in which a body was found on the seabed, illustrates that identification may give rise to suspicion of murder. In this case, the suspicion proved to be justified. The Scandinavian identification forms are presented. The second case is unusual in that tooth marks in bottle caps linked a burglar to the scene of the crime. Tooth marks for comparison were found in a police car where the suspect had opened a soft-drink bottle with his teeth. Comparison microscopy was used. PMID- 7234810 TI - A rapid screening blood alcohol analysis for the local pathologist. PMID- 7234811 TI - Natural disasters. AB - This presentation covers the various types of natural disasters which are faced by investigators throughout the world. Each geophysical substance is discussed, including earth, air and water, and secondary effects including fire. Additionally, four myths associated with disasters are reviewed. PMID- 7234812 TI - Criminal abortion. Fact or fiction? AB - This is a review of the current status of legal and illicit abortions in England as related to the changes brought on by the United Kingdom Abortion Act or 1968. The controversy surrounding the Act is discussed, and a review of mortality statistics is also included. PMID- 7234813 TI - Pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis. A pattern of incidence and predisposing factors over 70 years. AB - Due to the frequency with which fatal pulmonary embolism gives rise to medicolegal issues when allegedly a sequel to some injury or surgical intervention, some baseline information as to the general incidence and major predisposing factors is offered, extracted from the records of a university pathology institute over a 70-year period. It is clear that the condition was vitually unrecognized during the early part of the century. Using modern autopsy techniques, the incidence of venous thrombosis can be shown to considerably higher than that revealed by more cursory routine examination. Though trauma and medical and surgical procedures are associated with the majority of fatal pulmonary emboli, there is medicolegal significance in the fact that an appreciable residue have no evidence of such predisposing factors. PMID- 7234814 TI - The National Transportation Safety Board and the investigation of civil aviation and transportation accidents. AB - This article is a lucid account of the mission and activities of the National Transportation Safety Board. The concept of the Go-Team or ready team of specialists available on a 3-hour basis to accident scenes is described, as is the Human Factors Investigation. General aviation accident investigations are also discussed. PMID- 7234815 TI - Mass identification: a multidisciplinary operation. The Dutch experience. AB - The organization of the Disaster Unit of the National Police Force of the Netherlands is described. Several aspects of its operation are discussed, including the recovery operation, technical identification, tactical identification, and finally the details of the Dutch operation in the disaster at Tenerife. The Tenerife disaster operation included the work at the crash site and temporary morgue setup, the method of technical identification, and the supplementary investigations upon return to the Netherlands. The success of this difficult task, shown by positive identification of 82% of the bodies of the victims, is truly remarkable. PMID- 7234816 TI - Amnesty International and the forgotten prisoner. PMID- 7234817 TI - Squamous papilloma of the esophagus. A report of three cases and review of the literature. AB - We present three cases of squamous papilloma of the esophagus (SPE) diagnosed by esophagoscopy and confirmed by histology. All cases had previous history of heartburn. Specific etiological factors, including viruses, were sought in the three cases, with negative results. PMID- 7234818 TI - The effect of parathyroid hormone on the esophageal smooth muscle of the opossum. AB - The effect of parathyroid hormone on the gastrointestinal motility was studied in vitro. Isolated circular smooth muscle of the opossum esophagus were stimulated by electrical field stimulation in the absence and the presence of increasing concentration of PTH. The addition of 0.1-1.0 U./ml. of PTH to the bath resulted in 21-93% increases in the amplitude of the off response of the circular strips. Complete blockade of the neural transmission with tetrodotoxin abolished the effect of PTH. Atropine (10(-6) M) did not block the augmentatory effect of PTH on the off response. In conclusion, PTH has augmentatory effect on the off response of circulatory smooth muscle of the opossum esophagus. This effect is presumably related to the cryptogenic nerves responsible for the off response. The clinical significance of this effect is yet to be studied. PMID- 7234819 TI - Fatal massive hepatic necrosis from varicella-zoster hepatitis. AB - An unusual case of varicella-zoster hepatitis is reported which resulted in fatal massive hepatic necrosis in a 64-year old white female. The patient had had chickenpox 30 years prior to death but no cutaneous zoster at any time. The liver showed typical eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions and herpesvirus virions were demonstrated by electron microscopy. Indirect immunofluorescent serologic studies confirmed remote and recent infection by varicella-zoster virus. The potential significance of an incidental splenectomy performed 14 months before death and the general role of immunosuppression in the incidence and dissemination of varicella-zoster are discussed. The features of 13 reported cases of herpes simplex hepatitis are briefly reviewed. PMID- 7234821 TI - Rectal biopsy in early Lymphogranuloma venereum proctitis. AB - Two cases of early Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) proctitis are presented, with discussion of the histopathologic findings of the rectal biopsy specimens. Emphasis is placed on the need to recognize this condition in the early stage of inflammation, before the development of stricture, so that complete cure can be effected. PMID- 7234822 TI - Cryoglobulinemia in chronic liver diseases. AB - Cryoglobulins were detected in six patients with chronic liver diseases. Three of them had postnecrotic cirrhosis, two had chronic active hepatitis and one had primary biliary cirrhosis. In none of them HBsAG or its antibody were detected. The cryoglobulin appeared during the course of the disease in two patients, one with chronic active hepatitis and the other with primary biliary cirrhosis. There was no proof for cause and effect relationship between the liver disease with cryoglobulinemia and an eventual infection with hepatitis b virus. The cryoglobulinemia might be due to the liver disease per se and it seems that it is not always related to an infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. PMID- 7234820 TI - Systemic mycosis complicating high dose corticosteroid treatment of chronic active liver disease. AB - Four patients with severe chronic active liver disease, treated with 30-200 mg. of prednisone daily for one-half month to seven months because of lack of response to smaller doses, developed systemic mycosis. Presentation was variable, consisting of cryptococcal meningitis, cryptococcal pneumonia, aspergillus cerebral vasculitis and disseminated histoplasmosis originating from a histoplasma pneumonia. None of 114 patients in the Mayo Clinic trials on conventional treatment for at least six months, but only one of 25 patients (4%) on high dose prednisone, developed systemic mycosis. Low dose prednisone or its equivalent can be maintained to control hepatic inflammation during vigorous antifungal therapy without jeopardizing cure of the fungal infection. We conclude that systemic mycosis is infrequently associated with corticosteroid therapy for severe chronic active liver disease but can occur on high dose regimens as a subtle, progressively debilitating and potentially fatal complication that justifies prompt recognition and aggressive treatment with amphotericin-B alone or in combination with 5-fluorocytosine. PMID- 7234824 TI - Laxative abuse syndrome. AB - Laxative abuse syndrome (LAS) is a type of Munchausen syndrome characterized by surreptitious abuse of purgatives. Clinical findings are often perplexing and may mimic inflammatory bowel disease or malabsorption syndromes. Patients frequently complain of diarrhea alternating with constipation and may have nausea, vomiting and weight loss. Psychiatric disturbances are common and may include anorexia nervosa. Melanosis coli and cathartic colon, acid-base disturbances (usually metabolic alkalosis), sodium, potassium and water depletion, hyperuricemia, hyperaldosteronism and other electrolyte changes are possible complications. Diagnosis may be extremely difficult and may require special chemical analysis of urine and feces and search of the patient's possessions. Treatment is frustrating because the patient is rarely willing to admit to laxative abuse let alone cooperate in attempting to stop it. Physicians must be aware of the LAS in order to avoid harming the patient with extensive, expensive and often invasive (including laparotomy) procedures. PMID- 7234823 TI - Segmental infarction of the omentum: a cause of the semi-acute abdomen. AB - Segmental infarction of the omentum is an unusual cause of the acute or "semi acute" abdomen. Because of its rarity, the nonspecificity of its signs and symptoms and the almost total lack of information regarding its natural history, it is very rarely diagnosed correctly prior to laparotomy or autopsy. We report a 51-year old obese woman with chronic hypertension, congestive heart failure and renal insufficiency, who developed recurrent severe abdominal pain. The diagnosis of primary omental disease was entertained because of the triad of persistent localized abdominal pain, lack of grossly disturbed visceral function and the presence of hemoperitoneum. This was confirmed by laparotomy. PMID- 7234825 TI - Mesenteric fat necrosis simulating a carcinoma of the cecum. AB - Fat necrosis in the mesentery is an unusual complication of an adjacent inflammatory process. This report demonstrates a case of fat necrosis resulting in multiple irregularly firm masses measuring up to 4.5 cm. in diameter which produced extrinsic pressure on the cecum and ascending colon, simulating a carcinoma radiographically and at surgery. The fat necrosis was caused by chronic appendicitis in association with pylephlebitis. PMID- 7234826 TI - A comparative endoscopic evaluation of the damaging effects of nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agents on the gastric and duodenal mucosa. AB - Twenty-five normal volunteers were randomized into five equal parallel groups. Groups I received ibuprofen (2,400 mg./day); group II received tolmetin (2,000 mg./day); group III received indomethacin (150 mg./day); group IV received naproxen (750 mg./day) and group V received placebo (four tablets daily). All drugs were given on a q.i.d. basis except naproxen which was given b.i.d. The doses selected represented the manufacturer's highest recommended dosage for the treatment of arthritic disorders. A single-blind technic was used in which the investigators were unaware of which drug each volunteer was taking. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and photography were carried out before and after seven days of administration of each medication. Gastric and duodenal mucosal injury was graded on a 0-4 + scale. Three of the four drugs studied produced essentially equal gastric and duodenal mucosal injury with tolmetin producing the most damage followed by naproxen and indomethacin. Ibuprofen produced gastric mucosal injury equivalent to that seen with naproxen and indomethacin but no duodenal mucosal injury was seen with this drug. Extremely poor correlation was found between subjective symptomatology and endoscopic findings. PMID- 7234827 TI - PIPIDA excretory scintigraphy in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disorders. AB - The diagnostic accuracy of hepatobiliary radionuclide imaging using 99mTC-labeled para-isopropyl acetanilido-iminodiacetic acid (99mTc-PIPIDA) in patients with hepatobiliary disorders was assessed in 50 patients. Thirty of the study group were jaundiced; the remaining 20 had other clinical features suggestive of some hepatobiliary disorder. The findings using PIPIDA proved to be correct in 22 (73%) of the 30 jaundiced patients and in 18 (90%) of 20 patients without jaundice. There appears to be a close relationship between the diagnostic accuracy of the test and the level of serum bilirubin. Thus, the diagnosis indicated by the PIPIDA test was correct in 30 (88%) of 34 patients in whom the serum bilirubin was less than 5 mg./dl. but only in 10 (62%) of 16 patients whose serum bilirubin exceeded 5 mg./dl. It is concluded from these observations that: 1. PIPIDA is diagnostically useful in the evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders, especially when the serum bilirubin is less than 5 mg./dl. and 2. the accuracy of this test is not absolute and the findings are not always definitive. PMID- 7234828 TI - Cimetidine and esophageal reflux. PMID- 7234829 TI - Pitfalls in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tuberculosis. AB - Gastrointestinal tuberculosis is difficult to diagnose since it mimics many other abdominal conditions and has protean manifestations. The disease can present as an abdominal mass, bowel perforation, Crohn's disease and dysentery. These presentations are discussed with representative cases to illustrate the diagnostic difficulties. It is emphasized that to obviate the diagnostic pitfalls, tuberculosis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of unusual gastrointestinal presentations particularly because radiological and laboratory tests may be noncontributory. PMID- 7234830 TI - Miliary Crohn's disease. PMID- 7234831 TI - Simultaneous amebic liver abscess and hepatitis A. AB - A child with amebic colitis, liver abscess and hepatitis A is reported. Speculation as to why these two infectious agents have rarely been associated is presented. Diagnosis of hepatitis was not suspected in this case until physicians caring for the patient developed clinical hepatitis. The importance of suspecting hepatitis A in all patients with unexplained liver enzyme elevations is stressed. PMID- 7234833 TI - Behcet's syndrome: an unusual cause of colonic ulceration and perforation. AB - Behcet's syndrome is a multisystem disease which may produce not only the original triad of relapsing iridocyclitis and recurrent oral and genital ulceration but also skin, central nervous system, joint and gastrointestinal disease. A fatal outcome is uncommon but may occur when the central nervous system or the gastrointestinal tract is involved. We present a patient with colonic ulceration progressing rapidly to free perforation and generalized peritonitis successfully treated by emergency resection. PMID- 7234832 TI - Giant abdominal cysts simulating ascites. AB - In two patients ascites was suspected, but large intra-abdominal cysts were found on laparotomy. They were of echinococcal and ovarian origin, respectively. When there is doubt about the nature of such abdominal distention, abdominal paracentesis should be avoided and ultrasonography used instead. PMID- 7234834 TI - Lymphangioma: one of the soft lesions of the colon. AB - Lymphangiomas are benign tumors most commonly found in the neck, axilla and skin. Occasionally they may occur in the gastrointestinal tract, most in the small intestine or mesentary. Lymphangioma of the colon is rare. Many of the reported cases, however, have manifested similar radiographic features. This case exemplifies the characteristic radiographic and colonoscopic features which may suggest the diagnosis. PMID- 7234835 TI - Hepatitis B serologic studies in narcotic users with chronic liver disease. AB - Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG) and antibody (anti-HBs), and antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen ( anti-HBc) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 46 current or former narcotic users who underwent liver biopsy for evaluation of chronic liver disease. Significant alcohol abuse was found in 38 narcotic users (82.6%). On liver biopsy, 24 had cirrhosis (52.2%), nine had chronic active hepatitis (19.6%), five had lipid accumulation (10.9%) and eight had other diagnoses (17.4%). At least one marker for hepatitis B was found in 45 of 46 narcotic users (97.8%). Five had HBsAg and anti HBc (10.9%), one had anti-HBs alone (2.2%), 30 had anti-HBs and anti-HBc (65.2%) and nine had anti-HBc alone. Although almost all narcotic users with chronic liver disease have active or resolved hepatitis B infection, alcohol abuse appears to be the major factor in the development of cirrhosis in the subset of narcotic users studied. PMID- 7234836 TI - Esophageal disease in patients with angina-like chest pain. AB - To assess the frequency of esophageal disease in patients with angina-like chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms, 16 patients underwent esophageal manometric studies, acid perfusion (Bernstein) tests, upper gastrointestinal series and cholecystograms. Five patients had evidence of esophageal diseases. Three of the five had manometric criteria of increased nonperistalsis; one patient had idiopathic diffuse esophageal spasm while the other two patients had acid infusion tests which reproduced the presenting chest pain and the manometric findings were regarded as a motor disturbance of the esophagus secondary to chronic gastroesophageal reflux. The remaining two patients had symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux--one with an acid infusion test positive for pressure like chest pain and the other with a decreased resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure associated with reflux of barium on upper gastrointestinal series. All five patients had improvement of symptoms during a follow up period of seven to 17 months. Manometric studies in 18 normal subjects of similar age revealed no evidence of esophageal disease. Since esophageal disorders capable of causing chest pain were diagnosed in one-third of the patients (5/16 or 31%), it is suggested that investigations for esophageal disease, specifically directed at gastroesophageal reflux-induced abnormalities and idiopathic diffuse esophageal spasm, be included in the evaluation of patients with angina-like chest pain of uncertain origin. PMID- 7234837 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis of a giant esophageal leiomyosarcoma. AB - A giant polypoid lesion of the cervical esophagus was discovered on barium swallow in a patient with minimal dysphagia. Endoscopy revealed a whitish, polypoid intraluminal mass with superficial ulcerations and mucosal biopsies, necrotic epithelium plus spindle cells consistent with leiomyoma. At exploration, a leiomyosarcoma with microvascular invasion was excised. The clinical features and value of endoscopic biopsies are reviewed for this and other cases reported in the literature. PMID- 7234838 TI - Intrauterine device-associated actinomycosis simulating pelvic malignancy. AB - We describe pelvic and rectal actinomycosis in a patient with an intrauterine contraceptive device. The presentation was that of an indolent, noninfectious process which mimicked a pelvic malignancy. As in many cases of pelvic actinomycosis, the diagnosis was not suspected preoperatively. Moreover, suppurative disease progressed despite removal of the intrauterine device. In patients who have intrauterine contraceptive devices or who have had them removed recently, abdominal pain, recurrent vaginal bleeding or adnexal masses should prompt a diligent search for potentially pathogenic actinomyces in the genital tract. PMID- 7234839 TI - Percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of intra-abdominal lesions with ultrasound guidance. AB - Fine needle aspiration biopsy is a safe technic which can be applied to almost any space-occupying lesion in the abdomen. In many instances it can be done on an ambulatory basis. Using ultrasonography as guidance the biopsy can be easily and accurately done. When the procedure is correctly performed, the accuracy is usually high. PMID- 7234841 TI - Factors in the long-term prognosis of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7234840 TI - Peptic ulcer in children: the predominance of gastric ulcers. AB - Thirty-two children with ulcer disease were seen over a four-year period. Twenty seven children had a primary ulcer and five had an ulcer associated with an acute or chronic illness (secondary ulcer). Antral ulcer was diagnosed most commonly, followed by duodenal ulcer and gastric body ulcer. The ratio of gastric ulcer to duodenal ulcer was 17:11. Diagnosis of ulcer was accomplished by endoscopy in 97% of the patients and by radiography in 70% of those studied. Radiologic accuracy was obtained in 89% with duodenal ulcer but in only 50% of those with gastric ulcer. Children with primary gastric ulcer presented with no evidence of chronicity and 12% had persistence or recurrence of ulcer during follow-up. Eighty-two percent of the children with primary duodenal ulcer presented with chronic symptoms consisting of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or recurrent bleeding and 45% had persistence or recurrence of ulcer during follow-up. Children with secondary ulcer all presented with acute symptoms and none had persistence or recurrence. Twenty children were treated prospectively with cimetidine and 11 were treated with antacids. Repeat endoscopy was employed in 16 as a measure of healing. All children with isolated antral ulcer did well clinically, regardless of mode of therapy and of those studied by re-endoscopy all showed complete or substantial healing at six to eight weeks. Treatment of a small group of children with primary duodenal ulcer using cimetidine was initially efficacious, although recurrence of ulcer was noted after cessation of treatment in four of six children given cimetidine. In addition, cimetidine appears to offer no advantage compared to antacids in the treatment of uncomplicated antral ulcer in children. PMID- 7234842 TI - Fecal fat microscopy. Acceptable predictive value in screening for steatorrhea. AB - Fecal fat droplet count was compared with Van de Kamer chemical determination of fecal fat in 41 adults (24 excreting fat in excess of 6 gm./24 hr.) in an aliquot of a 36-hour fecal collection. Predictability of the droplet count was confirmed by a positive correlation (P less than 0.01) between chemical fat and droplets when serially diluting stool containing high fat. The droplet count separated normal and abnormal fat excretors with a probability similar to the chemical analysis (P less than 0.001). The droplet count correlated with the chemical analysis (P less than 0.01) and using a calibration curve it predicted the amount of fat in the microscopic counting space (P less than 0.01). Improved standardization (dilution of stool 1:1 with Sudan-acetic acid, counting in a hemacytometer, microscopy of heated specimen) can easily be adopted by a bedside laboratory. Microscopy in an aliquot of stool homogenate collected over 24 hours is preferable over microscopy from a random stool specimen. PMID- 7234843 TI - Candidal infection of benign gastric ulcers in aged patients. AB - In seven elderly patients with benign gastric ulcer, numerous spores and mycelia of Candida were found in the inflammatory exudate and in the base of the ulcer. All patients were treated with cimetidine and antacids. In five patients the ulcer failed to heal. Cimetidine was replaced with mycostatin and after four weeks of treatment, the ulcers healed completely in four patients. It is assumed that in the elderly, due to the weakening of the host defense mechanisms, Candida may invade the base of the ulcer and disturb the normal process of healing. PMID- 7234844 TI - Neurogenic sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Two cases of neurogenic sarcoma involving the gastrointestinal tract are presented. To our knowledge Case 1 is the first case of primary neurogenic sarcoma of the stomach to be reported in the English literature, Case 2 represents an unreported metastatic site for this rare tumor. The cases are typical of submucosal tumors in general and depict the special care needed with regard to biopsy technic and histological evaluation. PMID- 7234845 TI - Case of spontaneous gastrojejunal fistula due to gastric cancer. AB - A rare case of gastrointestinal fistula secondary to gastric cancer is presented. Fluoroscopic examination visualized the passage of contrast medium from the stomach to the small intestine. Gastric fiberscopy revealed cancer on the greater curvature of the corpus perforating into the jejunum. The scope could be inserted readily into jejunum through this perforation. Laparotomy showed that the cancer infiltrated and perforated from the stomach to the jejunum at about 10 cm. from the ligament of Treitz. Distal gastrectomy and resection of 10 cm. of the perforated jejunum were performed. The resected specimen revealed a Borrmann III gastric cancer of the greater curvature perforating the jejunum. PMID- 7234846 TI - Noncaseating granulomas of the pancreas. Probable sarcoidosis. AB - The patient presented with evidence of common bile duct obstruction and at surgery had narrowing of the distal common bile duct secondary to noncaseating granulomas of the pancreas, most probably sarcoidosis. Although pancreatic sarcoid is rare, this entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic disease. PMID- 7234847 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the spleen. An unusual complication of Crohn's disease. AB - Crohn's disease is associated with many local complications. Spontaneous rupture of the spleen secondary to Crohn's colitis with a fistulous tract into the adjacent fixed spleen has never been reported in the literature. A case report and a brief review of spontaneous splenic rupture and colonic perforation in Crohn's disease is presented. PMID- 7234848 TI - Asymptomatic jejunal volvulus. Report of a case. PMID- 7234849 TI - Incidence of acute traumatic hospitalized spinal cord injury in the United States, 1970-1977. AB - The incidence of hospitalization for acute spinal cord injury in the United States from 1970 to 1977 has been calculated using a detailed subsetting of the National Hospital Discharge Survey (HDS). The overall eight-year incidence was 40.1 (SE = 3.8) per million population in the United States. Patients admitted for spinal cord injury were more than twice as likely to be male (male to female ratio = 2.4:1 and spinal cord injury was particularly common in males ages 20-24 (118.3/10(6)) and 25-34 (98.7/10(6). Blacks also appeared to be at twice the risk than whites. Case fatality during hospitalization was 11.2% overall, was 36% more common in males and increased markedly with advanced age with 35.9% of males greater than or equal to 65 years old dying during hospitalization. The HDS data are in general agreement with previous regional studies of incidence and appear to provide a reasonably valid and cost-effective method for monitoring the national incidence of hospitalized spinal cord injury. PMID- 7234850 TI - Seasonal relationship of sudden infant death syndrome and environmental pollutants. AB - Evidence that chronic hypoxia precedes death from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is mounting. Prolonged exposure to moderate levels of pollutants could be a contributing factor to hypoxia. Levels of carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and hydrocarbons (HC) are highest in the winter when incidence of SIDS is increased. SIDS cases in Los Angeles County were correlated with daily mean levels of these pollutants, temperature, barometric pressure and monthly lead levels with the aid of time series analyses. Peaks in CO, SO2, NO2, HC and lead preceded the seasonal increase in SIDS by seven weeks. Theoretical considerations, such as the hypoxia-inducing effects of CO, support the hypothesis that this temporal relation has functional significance. Three additional findings provided evidence for this hypothesis: 1) SIDS infants born during months of low pollution lived longer than those born during months of high pollution. 2) SIDS infants born in a district with low pollution lived longer than those born in a district with high pollution. 3) The bimonthly rate of SIDS was directly proportional to the level of CO pollution to which the infants had been exposed between conception and two months of age. The role of pollution levels as a predisposing factor in risk for SIDS cannot be summarily dismissed. PMID- 7234851 TI - The design and interpretation of case-control studies of perinatal mortality. AB - The difficulty of designing prospective studies of perinatal death makes the case control study a method of choice. The particular problems associated with the identification of risk factors, the definition and enumeration of cases, and the selection of live birth controls in such a study, undertaken on all perinatal deaths occurring in a population of 850,000 people during 1976-1978 are described. The method of control selection, chosen for reasons of feasibility, produced a nonrepresentative sample of controls. This was because controls were selected as the next live birth in the place of delivery where the perinatal death delivery occurred, which resulted in a sample stratified by place of delivery. Knowledge of the place of delivery of all births allowed a correction to be undertaken which was derived from the relative weights for the strata within which matching had occurred. PMID- 7234852 TI - Case-control studies on the acute effects of coffee upon the risk of myocardial infarction: problems in the selection of a hospital control series. AB - In the course of evaluating the acute effect of caffeine-containing coffee on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) among women 30-49 years of age, this study noted appreciable differences in coffee consumption among hospital patients admitted for illnesses not known to be related to coffee use. Among these potential controls, the coffee consumption of patients who had been compelled to hospital by conditions having an acute onset, such as fractures ("acute condition controls") was compared with that of patients admitted for chronic disorders ("chronic condition controls"). The proportion of drinkers of caffeine-containing coffee among 980 acute condition controls (65%) was significantly greater than that among 5835 chronic condition controls (58%) (p less than 0.01); by contrast, the proportion of drinkers of decaffeinated coffee was significantly greater among chronic condition controls (22%) than among acute condition controls (18%) (p less than 0.01). With regard to caffeine-containing coffee, other findings were that the frequency of drinking decreased with increasing contact with medical care in the year before admission; that patients who changed their consumption after discharge tended to give up coffee; and that the proportion of drinkers was greater among women in the community than among the hospital patients. These results suggest that relatively long-standing illness influences against drinking caffeine-containing coffee among women 30-49 years of age. They also suggest that there is an opportunity for overestimation of the relative risk of MI among coffee drinkers in hospital-based studies that use chronic condition controls. PMID- 7234853 TI - Relationship of physical characteristics and life habits to treadmill exercise capacity. AB - Apparently healthy middle-aged men (n = 175) were recruited from a population sample and completed questionnaires about habitual physical activity, smoking, beverage consumption and sleep habits. Body mass index (BMI), heart rate and blood pressure were measured at rest and during submaximal exercise; frequency of ventricular premature beats (VPB) on an ECG rhythm strip; hand grip strength; and serum cholesterol. These characteristics were correlated with duration of treadmill exercise by the Bruce protocol. Univariate analysis indicated that treadmill performance was significantly and positively correlated with leisure time physical activity and personal reports of sweating and/or dyspnea occurring regularly during such physical activity. Performance was negatively correlated with age, BMI, resting heart rate, cigarette smoking, and consumption of caffeine containing beverages, but was insignificantly related to job physical activity, hand grip strength, alcohol consumption, sleep habits, blood pressure, cigar smoking, serum cholesterol, and the frequency of VPB. A 0.75 multiple correlation coefficient was found between treadmill performance and 11 of the above variables and the r is increased to 0.81 by adding heart rate during submaximal exercise. It is concluded that substantial prediction of work capacity and physical fitness of population is achieved by questionnaires and easily obtained, noninvasive physical measures. PMID- 7234854 TI - Coffee consumption and mortality from ischemic heart disease and other causes: results from the Lutheran Brotherhood study, 1966-1978. AB - In this cohort study, 16,911 men who had completed a mailed dietary questionnaire were followed for 11 1/2 years with 721 deaths reported from ischemic heart disease (IHD) (excluding those reporting on the questionnaire a prior history of angina or other heart conditions). Although no association was found between coffee consumption and mortality from IHD, a negative association between coffee consumption and mortality from diseases other than IHD was found. This negative association, found exclusively in the first four years of follow-up, was observed in deaths from digestive diseases, other than malignancies, and paralysis agitans, which made the greatest contribution to this observed negative association. The negative association appeared to reflect a reduction in coffee consumption related to the disorders in question and not to a protective effect of coffee. It has been suggested that the positive association between coffee consumption and IHD reported in some case-control studies may reflect a decreased consumption among controls rather than an unusually high consumption among cases. PMID- 7234855 TI - Wine and tobacco: risk factors for gastric cancer in France. AB - Cross-sectional studies in France have shown strong regional correlations between death rates from alcohol related diseases and death rates from gastric cancer. The present study involved 40 cases of newly diagnosed adenocarcinoma of the stomach and 168 control subjects with one of four other gastrointestinal diagnoses selected from the same hospital service during the same time period, 1978-1980. On the basis of a standard nutritional interview alcohol and particularly red wine were seen to be significant risk factors for this cancer (relative risks of 6.9 with 95% confidence limits (CL) of 3.3-14.3 for alcohol and 6.3 with CL 3.1-12.7 for wine). Smoking of one or more cigarettes per day was associated with a relative risk for gastric cancer of 4.8 with CL of 1.6-14.8. The presence of both risk factors was associated with a relative risk of 9.3 with 95% CL of 4.6-19.0. Possible confounding by age, smoking, and eating lettuce (a reported protective factor for gastric cancer in other studies) did not explain these results. The relative risks were consistently found and remained significant when each diagnostic group of control subjects was analyzed separately. These results suggest that alcohol, and particularly red wine, may be important risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the stomach in France. In addition, cigarette smoking, a risk factor in itself, when coupled with alcohol appears markedly to increase the risk. PMID- 7234856 TI - Dietary factors in the epidemiology of cancer of the larynx. AB - Interviews were carried out with 374 male patients at Roswell Park Memorial Institute with cancer of the larynx and 381 controls with diseases other than of the digestive or respiratory system and other than neoplasms. As have other investigators, the authors found a high risk associated with smoking as well as a risk associated with alcohol ingestion. In addition, the study found that males ingesting low amounts of vitamin A in their diet had approximately twice the risk of those ingesting large amounts. The same was true for vitamin C. All of these relationships were significant, and risk increased in dose-response fashion with decreases in ingestion of the above-mentioned dietary constituents. When the risks associated with vitamins A and C were examined controlling for smoking and drinking, the risk enhancement associated with low ingestion persisted. The findings on nutrients are consistent with results of studies on animals and tissue cultures. Nevertheless, the sparse epidemiologic replication, the difficulties with the methods, and the complexity of the field demand substantial further inquiry on these relationships. PMID- 7234857 TI - Water composition in the etiology of anencephalus. AB - This case-control study was based on 468 deaths from anencephalus and a random sample of 4129 livebirths occurring during 1969 to 1972 to mothers resident in 142 localities of over 10,000 population in Canada. Anencephalus risk was associated with the previous pregnancy history of the mother, with legitimacy, year of birth and with the longitude of the mother's residence, but after adjusting for these there was no significant association seen with locality population size, mean income, the proportion of women employed, latitude, or with the concentrations in drinking water of any of 14 elements: calcium, magnesium, copper, lithium, zinc, nickle, lead, selenium, mercury, chromium, silver, cobalt, cadmium and molybdenum. PMID- 7234858 TI - Prevalence of depression in Los Angeles County. AB - The occurrence of depression was determined during the summer of 1979 in a multi ethnic probability sample of 1003 adults (66% participation) in Los Angeles County, as part of a community survey of the epidemiology of depression and help seeking behavior. The primary measure of depression was the 20-item CES-D scale developed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies. The overall prevalence of depression based on a CES-D cutpoint definition of 16 or greater was 19.1%. The prevalence of depression was greatest among Hispanics (27.4%) and least among whites (15.6%), with blacks and others at an intermediate level (21.8% and 21.2%, respectively). Females (23.5%) were nearly twice as likely to be depressed as males (12.9%). By age, persons 18-24 years reported the highest rate of depression (27.4%), while those 45-64 years reported the lowest (16.3%). As expected, the prevalence of depression was strongly related to family income, with the highest level reported for those earning less than $8500 (29.3%); the lowest level for those earning more than $25,000 (9.0%). After controlling for effects of selected demographic and socioeconomic variables, neither race nor ethnicity were significantly related to the presence of depression. This suggests that the economic strain experienced by many minorities may be an important determinant of higher rates of depression among blacks and Hispanics. PMID- 7234860 TI - Least significant relative risk determination in the case of unequal sample sizes. PMID- 7234859 TI - Melanomas of eye: stability of rates. PMID- 7234861 TI - Interaction between discrete causes. AB - The interaction contrast of disease rates (ICDR), a measure of deviation from an additive model of no interaction, is shown always to be zero or slightly negative when the assumptions of no interaction in the sufficient-component discrete causes model hold. Since all physical sources of interaction which one might postulate between discrete causes imply a deviation from this model, the ICDR is a good parameter to screen for causal interaction. Specific models which deviate from the assumptions of no interaction in the sufficient-component discrete causes model should be sought when the ICDR differs from zero. An example of parameterizing interaction in one such model is presented. The additive model is inconsistent with the multiplicative when two causes are studied; negative or no interaction in the multiplicative model might represent positive interaction in the additive model. Use of the multiplicative model to screen for causal interactions could thus lead to inappropriate decisions regarding the need to seek causal explanations for interaction. Since positive interaction in the multiplicative model implies positive interaction in the additive, there will be no such inappropriate decisions when positive interaction is observed in the multiplicative model. PMID- 7234862 TI - Hexokinase "New Hyde Park": a low activity erythrocyte isozyme in a Chinese kindred. AB - Chronic hemolytic anemia in a 7-year-old Chinese boy was found to be associated with decreased activity of erythrocyte hexokinase (approximately 20% of appropriate control values). Alterations in kinetics, stability, pH optimum, or electrophoretic patterns could not be demonstrated with proband hexokinase, but subtle differences between maternal and paternal hexokinase characteristics suggested that two separate mutant isozymes were involved and that the proband was heterozygous for each. Comparisons with previously reported cases of hexokinase deficiency demonstrate the broad genetic heterogeneity that characterizes this disorder. PMID- 7234864 TI - Zinc supplementation treatment of growth retardation and hypogonadism in sickle cell patients. PMID- 7234863 TI - Monocyte alpha-naphtyl esterase deficiency in chronic granulomatous disease. AB - Monocytes from five unrelated children (four boys and a girl) with chronic granulomatous disease were studied for their ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium dye after stimulation with zymosan, and for their alpha-naphtyl butyrate esterase activity. As expected, monocytes ingested zymosan particles but failed to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium dye. However, monocytes from two boys out of the five patients were alpha-naphtyl butyrate esterase-negative, whereas both their neutrophils and monocytes were positive for granular naphtol AS-D esterase activity. PMID- 7234865 TI - Hemolytic anemia in Wilson disease: clinical findings and biochemical mechanisms. AB - Two patients with Wilson disease who presented with severe hemolytic anemia are described. One was noted to have unusually high serum copper levels (369 micrograms/100 ml). A review of similar such patients in the literature suggests that, rather than having a low serum copper, patients with hemolysis accompanying Wilson disease have very high serum copper levels. For this reason, in vitro studies of the toxic effects of copper on erythrocytes were undertaken. It was found that, although copper does not have a major direct inhibitory effect on glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase, the metal does inhibit hexokinase as a consequence of its interaction with oxyhemoglobin. However, such inhibition does not appear to be a major factor in copper-induced hemolysis. On the other hand, the addition of the lipid antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) suppresses hemolysis in copper-treated cells. These experiments suggest that the primary toxic effect of copper is mediated through its oxidant actions on membrane phospholipids rather than through its potential inhibitory effects on intracellular enzymes. PMID- 7234866 TI - Characterization of lymphoid cells in the blood of healthy adults: sequential immunological, cytochemical and cytokinetic studies. AB - With a new method, sequential immunological, cytochemical and cytokinetic studies were done on lymphoid cells in the peripheral blood of 12 healthy adults. Every single lymphoid cell could therefore be characterized by the following markers: surface immunoglobulins (sIg); rosetting with sheep red blood cells (E); unspecific acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE); and 3HdT incorporation. Significantly more E+sIg-ANAE-cells (51% and 22% of all lymphoid cells, respectively). Of all ANAE+ cells 90% were E+, but 64% of all ANAE- cells were also E+. In all individuals a subpopulation of E+sIg+ cells was found. The esterase pattern of these cells was similar to that of E-sIg+ cells. The overall labeling index of the lymphoid cells examined was less than or equal to 0.2%. PMID- 7234867 TI - Disparity between circulating and marginated neutrophils. PMID- 7234868 TI - The predictive value of a strongly positive stress test in patients with minimal symptoms. AB - The ability of a strongly positive stress test to predict left main coronary artery disease in people with suspected coronary artery disease but with minimal or no angina was investigated in 40 such patients. Nine had a history of myocardial infarction but no angina. Thirty-one had mild angina or a history of mild angina. The stress electrocardiograms were analyzed according to criteria known to be associated with left main coronary artery disease in moderately or severely symptomatic patients; (1) early S-T segment changes (stage I or II of exercise), (2) 2 mm or more S-T segment depression, (3) downsloping S-T segments, (4) associated exercise-induced hypotension, (5) prolonged S-T segment changes after the test (greater than or equal to 8 minutes) and (6) anterior and inferior S-T segment depression. The prevalence of left main coronary artery disease was 35 percent and that of any severe coronary artery disease 75 percent. The criterion of anterior and inferior electrocardiographic changes with exercise was most predictive of left main coronary artery disease (P less than 0.01 by chi 2). Exercise electrocardiography is useful in the prediction of left main or other severe coronary artery disease even when performed in patients who have minimal angina or in those who are asymptomatic after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7234869 TI - Pruritus in cholestasis: no direct causative role for bile acid retention. AB - Discrepancies have existed regarding the correlation between raised bile acid levels in cholestasis and the presence of pruritus. Nevertheless, the prevalent view is that bile acids have a direct etiologic role. To resolve the issue, we quantified separately all naturally-occurring bile acid species detectable in serum and skin, and on the skin surface of 13 patients with pruritus associated with cholestasis, 10 patients with cholestasis who did not have pruritus, three patients with uremia and generalized pruritus and in 10 controls. We were unable to find any correlations between the presence of pruritus and bile acid levels from the various sources. We did find great overlap in these same values with data from the group with cholestasis but without pruritus. As expected, the symptomatic (uremic) and asymptomatic control groups showed comparable levels. The results of the present study together with those of a similar recent study provide strong evidence against the hypothesis of a direct causative role for retained bile acids in pruritus associated with cholestasis. PMID- 7234870 TI - Association between human tumor colony-forming assay results and response of an individual patient's tumor to chemotherapy. AB - An in vitro tumor colony-forming assay was utilized to measure the sensitivity of 800 individual patients' tumors to a variety of antineoplastic agents. Thirty-six separate histologic types of cancer were represented. Only 199 of the 800 patients' tumors (25 percent) both formed colonies in vitro and had enough cells in the biopsy or fluid specimen to perform drug sensitivity assays. In 123 instances the drug tested in vitro against the tumor was also used clinically to treat the patient. The clinician caring for the patient did not know the results of the in vitro test. When analyzed in a retrospective manner, the probability of a positive prediction from the assay, given the patient responded clinically, was 0.88. The probability for a negative prediction of the assay given the patient did not respond, was 0.94. Associations of in vitro and in vivo results in the 123 correlations were highly significant (p less than 0.001). We conclude that, as now constituted, the human tumor colony-forming assay can provide useful sensitivity information for only about 25 percent of the general oncology patients. Secondly, a prospective clinical trial of the assay is needed to insure that the assay is indeed predictive of which drug will produce a patient response and that it is not merely an indicator that a particular patient's tumor is highly responsive in vivo. PMID- 7234871 TI - Bilateral occurrence of pheochromocytoma in patients with the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2A (Sipple's syndrome). AB - Two kindreds with the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A syndrome were studied. Of one of these we examined 150 members, 20 of whom were treated with thyroidectomy for medullary carcinoma and nine with bilateral adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. Of the second kindred 50 members were examined, seven of whom were thyroidectomized and seven treated with bilateral adrenalectomy. Pheochromocytomas were invariably found on both sides, even in four cases in which the adrenals on one side appeared to be completely normal, not only at preoperative roentgenologic examination but also on inspection during the operation. The microscopic finding of micronodules and a cluster of abnormal medullary cells identical with those found in pheochromocytomas in one of the apparently normal adrenals represents a first stage in the development of diffuse medullary hyperplasia as well as nodular hyperplasia. This is in accordance with the fact that in the MEN type 2A syndrome pheochromocytomas are always multicentric and multiple in origin. On the basis of these findings we conclude that all patients with the MEN 2A syndrome who show symptoms and signs of active pheochromocytoma should be subjected to bilateral adrenalectomy, even when one or both of the adrenals appear to be normal at roentgenologic investigation. PMID- 7234872 TI - Myxedema and obstructive sleep apnea. AB - Three cases of hypersomnolence, snoring and documented sleep apnea are reported. All three patients were profoundly myxedematous, both clinically and biochemically. Polygraphic studies during sleep documented the presence of repetitive episodes of obstructive sleep apnea in all three patients. These were accompanied by arterial oxygen desaturation. After becoming euthyroid following the administration of the l-thyroxine all patients underwent a repeat evaluation in the sleep laboratory. These studies revealed nearly complete resolution of obstructive sleep apnea in all patients. In addition, several sleep parameters showed marked improvement. These data strongly suggest that the presence of profound daytime sleepiness in hypothyroid patients could be indicative of a potentially lethal complication of myxedema, obstructive sleep apnea. PMID- 7234874 TI - Lithium therapy of children with chronic neutropenia. AB - We treated five children with chronic neutropenia using lithium carbonate and studied the effect in vivo on granulopoiesis. Granulocyte precursors (CFU-C) from blood and marrow, and colony-stimulating activity (CSA) from peripheral blood leukocytes, were assayed in a methylcellulose tissue culture system. Three patterns of response to lithium were seen. In patients with aplastic anemia (one acquired and two Fanconi's aplastic anemia) despite increased colony-stimulating activity, CFU-C numbers remained very low and the neutropenia persisted. In a patient with Kostmann neutropenia colony-stimulating activity, and blood and marrow CFU-C numbers increased, but the agranulocytosis was unchanged. An impressive therapeutic effect was seen in one patient with idiopathic neutropenia with low colony-stimulating activity who responded to lithium with an increase in colony-stimulating activity and CFU-C resulting in persisting normal neutrophil counts. Lithium appears useful in treating a select group of neutropenic patients in whom colony-stimulating activity production is responsive to lithium, and the granulocytic progenitor compartment is capable of producing mature neutrophils. PMID- 7234873 TI - The effect of continuous normalization of serum hemolytic complement on the course of lupus nephritis: a five year prospective study. AB - We have completed a five year prospective study of the effect of continuous normalization of serum hemolytic complement (CH50) in 25 patients with lupus nephritis. At the end of five years 22 patients were being actively followed; 13 in a CH50 controlled group and nine in a CH50 uncontrolled group. Serial renal biopsy specimens were obtained from 19 patients. The results demonstrate a trend toward stabilization of renal histology, creatinine clearance and serum creatinine at a lower final mean dose of prednisone in the complement controlled group. PMID- 7234875 TI - Restructuring an internal medicine residency program to meet regional and national needs for general internists. AB - The Department of Medicine at the University of Washington has reorganized its residency program to increase the emphasis on general internal medicine and primary care. New teaching services in community hospitals have been established, clinical training sites in Montana, Idaho and Eastern Washington opened, and primary care residency tracks begun. Current data indicate that a major shift in the career plans of our new residents also has occurred. Whereas a decade ago approximately two thirds of our residents were becoming subspecialists, almost two thirds of our 1979 and 1980 program graduates are headed towards careers as general internists. Many will practice in the region's smaller cities and towns. The program serves as a model for the development of a regional program for graduate training in internal medicine. PMID- 7234876 TI - Congenital heart disease in a male adult. PMID- 7234877 TI - Partial peripheral resistance to thyroid hormone. AB - A 33 year old partially thyroidectomized woman was euthyroid when ingesting 500 microgram of L-triiodothyronine (T3) daily. Her condition was evaluated during therapy with daily T3 doses between 50 and 500 microgram. She was hypothyroid and had a markedly subnormal oxygen consumption rate when taking 50 to 100 microgram T3 daily, and oxygen consumption did not increase greatly above predicted normal values despite serum T3 concentrations up to 3,200 ng/dl. Her pulse rate, blood pressure, systolic time intervals and exercise tolerance changed minimally and remained within the normal range during the different dosage schedules. Urinary creatine and hydroxyproline, indices of muscle and skeletal protein catabolism, increased normally with higher T3 doses, but serum cholesterol, creatine phosphokinase, calcium and alkaline phosphatase did not change substantially. Basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulated thyrotropin secretion were suppressed during all T3 doses. The prolactin response to TRH was normal at 50 microgram T3/day and was reduced by higher doses of T3. Absorption of T3, serum T3 protein binding and T3 metabolic clearance rates were all within normal limits. The findings in this patient are compared to clinical and biochemical findings in 17 previously described patients. The manifestations of peripheral thyroid hormone resistance are quite variable in the organ systems involved and in the degree of involvement. The molecular basis of the abnormality in our patient remains undefined. PMID- 7234878 TI - Endocrine studies in a patient with functioning adrenal rest tumor of the liver. AB - We report a case of a calcified liver tumor in a 23 year old female patient who presented with virilization and a mild degree of Cushing's syndrome. Androgen levels were elevated; there was loss of cortisol circadian rhythm and marked increase in urinary 17-ketogenic and 17-ketosteroids which failed to suppress with administration of dexamethasone. Venous sampling by inferior vena cava catheterization showed that the highest steroid hormone levels were in blood from the right hepatic vein. After death, in vitro studies revealed that the tumor contained testosterone and cortisol as determined by immunofluorescence techniques. The adrenals and ovaries were atrophic. Results of metyrapone testing indicated dyshormonogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of an adrenal rest tumor of the liver proved to be functionally active. PMID- 7234879 TI - Cutaneous lesions in disseminated candidiasis mimicking ecthyma gangrenosum. AB - Cutaneous nodules are recognized as a manifestation of disseminated candidiasis. We describe skin lesions clinically identical to ecthyma gangrenosum that, on microscopic examination, were due to Candida emboli rather than Pseudomonas sepsis. Thus, the appearance of necrotic pustules and ulcerative plaques in the immunocompromised patient would raise the possibility of Candida as well as Pseudomonas sepsis, and illustrates the diagnostic importance of skin biopsy in such cases. PMID- 7234880 TI - Exercise and health. PMID- 7234882 TI - The case against seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7234881 TI - Regression of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7234884 TI - Medicine in a disrupted society: the role of the academic medical center. PMID- 7234883 TI - Ectopic hormone production. PMID- 7234885 TI - Sudden cardiac death. PMID- 7234886 TI - Thiazide-induced hyponatremia associated with death or neurologic damage in outpatients. PMID- 7234887 TI - Superior vena caval obstruction. Is it a medical emergency? AB - With the question in mind is superior vena caval obstruction a medical emergency, we reviewed 107 cases of superior vena caval obstruction in adult patients. We sought details of the time duration between the onset of symptoms and the treatment, and examined the complication and survival of patients with this disorder. Fifteen percent of the cases developed from benign causes. In 41 percent there was a previously recognized disease as the etiology. Benign disorders required longer to make the diagnosis. No serious complication resulted from the superior vena caval obstruction itself nor investigative procedures leading to the diagnosis despite, in some cases, a prolonged period between the onset of symptoms and the initiation of therapy. Prognosis and response to treatment were dependent on the underlying cause of the superior vena caval obstruction. Although several cases of tracheal obstruction were included in this series, we did not address the question of whether tracheal obstruction is or is not a medical emergency. No support was found for the notion that superior vena caval obstruction in itself represents a radiotherapeutic emergency. PMID- 7234889 TI - Bronchoscopy and transbronchial biopsy in evaluation of patients with suspected active tuberculosis. PMID- 7234888 TI - Electrocardiographic diagnosis of right ventricular infarction. AB - The electrocardiographic findings in 11 cases of acute right ventricular infarction associated with acute left ventricular inferior wall myocardial infarction are described. The diagnosis of right ventricular infarction was proved by autopsy findings in five cases and supported by hemodynamic data in the other six. Ten of the 11 patients had typical electrocardiographic changes of acute inferior myocardial infarction and one had that of inferior wall injury. Transient S-T segment elevation was present in one (lead V1) or more of the right precordial leads in eight cases. In the absence of other explanations for the S-T segment elevation, acute right ventricular infarction was most likely the cause. Therefore, when acute inferior myocardial infarction is accompanied by S-T segment elevation in the right precordial leads, the coexistence of right ventricular infarction should be suspected. The sensitivity and specificity of this electrocardiographic sign are yet to be determined. PMID- 7234890 TI - Direct relationship between blood pressure and blood viscosity in normal and hypertensive subjects. Role of fibrinogen and concentration. AB - Blood pressure and components of blood viscosity were measured in 49 normal subjects and in 49 untreated patients with essential hypertension. Blood viscosity values measured at six different shear rates were significantly correlated with blood pressure (r = 0.432 to 0.505, p less than 0.001). Blood viscosity was higher in hypertensive patients. This was due to both higher plasma viscosity (1.29 +/- 0.08 standard deviation versus 1.24 +/- 0.05 centipoise (cPs), p less than 0.001) and increased hematocrit values (44.4 +/- 4 percent versus 41.5 +/- 3 percent, p less than 0.005). When blood viscosity was evaluated in subgroups of normal and hypertensive subjects with matched hematocrit values, it remained higher in the hypertensive patients, and the relationship between blood pressure and viscosity was still significant. Regardless of the hematocrit value, fibrinogen levels were elevated in hypertensive patients (p less than 0.006) and, in association with the increased globulin concentration, fibrinogen was largely responsible for the increased plasma viscosity in hypertensive patients. Since the viscosity of defibrinated blood was similar in normal and hypertensive subjects with matched hematocrit values, the elevated fibrinogen level also affected whole blood viscosity. Defibrinated blood viscosity and arterial pressures were not correlated. These studies demonstrate a direct correlation between blood pressure and blood viscosity among normotensive and hypertensive subjects. This relationship is, in part, due to the rheologic effects of an elevated fibrinogen level and to an increased hematocrit value. The basis for hyperfibrinogenemia in hypertensive patients is unclear. PMID- 7234892 TI - Hirsutism progressing to virilization in an older women. PMID- 7234891 TI - Family studies with HLA typing in Reiter's syndrome. AB - Twelve consecutive patients with Reiter's syndrome, nine with the B27 antigen (B27 positive) and three without (B27 negative), and their 45 first degree relatives were studied clinically and with HLA typing. Two of the four adult male first degree relatives with the B27 antigen had classic Reiter's syndrome. In addition, one of two B27 positive adult male second degree relatives studied in one family had classic Reiter's syndrome. The data, although limited, suggest that the familial occurrence of Reiter's syndrome is higher than previously recognized, especially in adult male first degree relatives with the B27 antigen, and is similar to the degree of familial aggregation reported in ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 7234893 TI - Acute interstitial nephritis and acute renal failure associated with cimetidine therapy. AB - We are reporting the clinical and pathologic features of severe acute renal failure which developed in a patient after the institution of cimetidine (Targamet) therapy. A renal biopsy specimen revealed an acute interstitial nephritis with numerous plasma cells and eosinophils suggestive of an immunologic reaction. Marked improvement of renal function occurred within three weeks after cessation of the drug therapy. Our clinical and pathologic data strongly suggest an association between acute interstitial nephritis and cimetidine, a suggestion which should be confirmed by additional case studies. PMID- 7234894 TI - Myocardial involvement in idiopathic hemochromatosis. Morphologic and clinical improvement following venesection. AB - We describe a 31 year old male patient who presented with severe cardiomyopathy caused by primary hemochromatosis. After a stormy course, complicated by heart failure and severe ventricular arrythmias, improvement in clinical status and myocardial function occurred. Depletion of myocardial iron was documented by the technique of serial endomyocardial biopsy. Myocardial iron stores were not yet depleted when hypoferremia and iron deficiency anemia occurred. This is the first reported study of myocardial morphology in a successfully treated patient with hemochromatotic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7234895 TI - Coronary arterial spasm versus esophageal spasm. Response to ergonovine. AB - In this report we show that coronary arterial and esophageal spasm are sometimes clinically indistinguishable. Pain patterns can be identical, nitroglycerin can bring relief, interval electrocardiograms and exercise electrocardiograms generally disclose no abnormalities, coronary arteriograms may be within normal limits or nearly so, and, importantly, an ergonovine provocative test can provoke esophageal spasm accompanied by pain mistaken for Prinzmetal's angina. Accordingly, chest pain in response to the administration of ergonovine is not evidence of coronary arterial spasm without simultaneous arteriographic proof together with changes in the monitoring electrocardiogram. Conversely, gastroenterologists should not expose patients to the risk of ergonovine without prior assurance that the coronary arterial response is normal. Our observations illustrate these points and identify a patient with symptomatic esophageal spasm previously diagnosed as Prinzmetal's angina. PMID- 7234896 TI - Case report: comparative response of fever to corticosteroids in tuberculosis and in connective tissue disease. AB - A young woman with fever and pleural effusion eventually was found to have both primary tuberculosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Before either diagnosis was confirmed, the patient had a dramatic defervescence in response to prednisone; her condition had not improved initially after anti-tuberculous therapy. Uncertainty regarding the clinical significance of this remarkable temperature response led us to review our experience with febrile tuberculous patients who had received corticosteroids. Of 14 such patients, nine had rapid declines of body temperature to below 36.5C. In a comparable group of 14 patients with a variety of connective tissue disease, 12 showed an equally dramatic defervescence after corticosteroid administration. The data suggest that a prompt temperature decline following corticosteroid therapy is a nonspecific response that cannot be used to differentiate between fever of infectious or noninfectious origin. PMID- 7234898 TI - Exhaustive partition and incomplete penetrance: two precarious tautologies. PMID- 7234899 TI - Psychotherapeutic considerations in genetic counseling. AB - It is essential to consider the psychodynamic aspects of genetic counseling to attain the best outcome for the family. Narcissistic injury (reduced self esteem), excessive defensiveness, and depressive reactions may impede an effective resolution of feelings and preclude the necessary adaptation to genetic diseases and the new realities that have developed. Most parents of genetically affected children are capable of dealing with these conflicts. However, some individuals need help during the adaptation process by assisting them to grieve for their disappointments and to help them develop new goals for themselves and for the baby that was born. This paper describes psychodynamic concepts that might be explored to facilitate conflict-resolution resulting from the occurrence of genetic disease. PMID- 7234897 TI - Total ionized serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels in patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis. AB - Twenty-one patients with severe coccidioidomycosis, including eight with osseous lesions, were admitted to the University of California, Davis, Medical Center, during a recent epidemic. Transient mild ionized hypercalcemia occurred in only two patients, and a tendency toward low normal ionized calciums was noted. Parathyroid hormone levels appeared to be appropriate for the ionized calcium in these patients. There were no significant differences in ionized calcium levels of parathyroid hormone levels among patients with and without osseous coccidioidomycosis. We conclude that hypercalcemia is rare in coccidioidomycosis, even with extensive bony involvement. PMID- 7234900 TI - Inherited translocation t(4;5) discovered on prenatal diagnosis. AB - We report an apparently balanced reciprocal t(4q;5q) translocation ascertained coincidentally on amniocentesis in a phenotypically normal male fetus and found to be inherited in his mother and maternal grandmother. No banding study was available at the time of the amniocentesis, and the chromosomal status of his parents was unknown. Because of the possibility that this finding might be a de novo, unbalanced translocation, the pregnancy was terminated. Subsequently, the translocation was found to be apparently balanced, but so unequal that both unbalanced translocation products are presumed to be lethal. Thus, it is predicted that only carriers and normal individuals will be conceived and viable in this family. We are unaware of previously observations on a similar (4q;5a) translocation. PMID- 7234901 TI - Coffin-Lowry syndrome in sibs. PMID- 7234902 TI - The centralized prenatal genetics screening program of New York City: I. Developmental phase. AB - The increasing demand in New York City for prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders has necessitated the development of a large-scale, centralized prenatal genetic screening program. The objective of this program is eventually to serve 3,000 to 4,000 at-risk New York City pregnant women annually. Through the teamwork of a task force comprising representatives from the New York Scientists' Committee for Public Information (SCPI), the Medical and Health Research Association of New York City Departments of Health, and five different advisory committees, the centralized Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory of New York City (PDL) was designed and established. While this program aims to provide high quality, centralized laboratory service for the prenatal detection of chromosome abnormalities and open neural tube defects, it also emphasizes quality-controlled services in genetic counseling, aminocentesis, ultrasound monitoring, obstetric care, and patient follow-up. Genetic counseling by PDL-employed counselors is made available to patients whenever the participating hospital lacks such service or cannot handle their patient load. In addition, PDL has launched a vigorous public health education program. A detailed guideline for the program was prepared describing the highest standards of quality for each component. The initial step was th developmental phase that included establishing the advisory committees, searching for sponsors, preparing guidelines, developing the health education program, renovating the laboratory site, purchasing and installing equipment, and recruiting of staff. The experience gained from this endeavor will be of value in the development of similar large-scale prenatal diagnosis programs. PMID- 7234903 TI - The centralized prenatal genetics screening program of New York City: II. Establishment of prenatal diagnosis laboratory. AB - Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders is now being made available to an increasing number of New York City women through the establishment of a large centralized laboratory. This laboratory contracts to provide genetic diagnostic services to municipal and private hospitals throughout the New York City area. It is the first project of such magnitude in the United States. Prior to the receipt of samples for diagnostic purposes, the laboratory was required to meet the highest technical standards, as established by a Cytogenetics Advisory Committee. A set of guidelines was drawn up detailing the procedure and protocols for all the analyses and the reporting of results, including a timetable according to which results were to be obtained. The Cytogenetics Advisory Committee continues to review cases on a regular schedule. One of the unique aspects of the laboratory has been the development of back-up agreements with other area laboratories to assist in dealing with any problem that might disrupt the routine diagnostic service. The first year of operation of the laboratory has shown that financial, legal, and physical problems associated with designing and instituting a megacenter can be over-come. Similar programs should be encouraged. PMID- 7234904 TI - Duplication of distal 11q and 22p occurrence in two unrelated families. AB - We report chromosome rearrangements and/or duplication of chromosomes 11 and/or 22. This investigation was prompted by propositi with multiple congenital anomalies and an apparently identical chromosome abnormality - ie, 47, +der(22)t(11;22)(q23;q11.2)mat in two unrelated families. The propositi had failure to thrive, development delay, cleft palate, congenital heart disease, meningomyelocele, and hydrocephaly. The breakage points identified on chromosomes 11 and 22 are site-specific and occur in a nonrandom fashion. Band 11q23 corresponds to the gap produced in some individuals by special treatment of the chromosome preparation with mercaptoethanol and may provide a method to identify individuals at risk for chromosome breakage and rearrangements during gametogenesis. PMID- 7234905 TI - Osteomesopyknosis: an autosomal dominant osteosclerosis. PMID- 7234906 TI - A goodness-of-fit test for the polygenic threshold model: application to multiple sclerosis. AB - Recently it has been suggested that multiple sclerosis may be a multifactorial disorder. We found in British Columbia 364 families (sibship size greater than or equal to 2) in which at least on sibling was diagnosed as having "clinically definite" multiple sclerosis. The data were tested for goodness-of-fit to the multifactorial model using an analysis that considers various parameters including ascertainment probability heritability, and sex-dependent prevalence rates. The results suggest that multiple sclerosis does not fit the multifactorial model. As an alternative genetic model we propose that a major gene could be responsible for at least a portion of the cases of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7234907 TI - The role of the volunteer practicing physician in medical education. Presidential address. PMID- 7234909 TI - The endocrine regulation of uterine blood flow in the nonpregnant uterus: a review. AB - Evidence is presented to demonstrate the role of steroid hormones in the regulation of blood flow through the nonpregnant uterine vasculature. Estrogens appear to increase blood flow, as documented by the observed increases in flow during proestrus and estrus, as well as the response to exogenous hormone stimulation in laboratory animals. The mechanism for the stimulation of blood flow is apparently indirect, and mediated by another vasoactive agent(s) which remains unknown at this time. Conversely, progesterone decreases estrogen-induced uterine blood flow, probably by depleting the amount of available cytoplasmic estrogen receptor. PMID- 7234910 TI - Immunoreactive endorphin peptides and prolactin in umbilical vein and maternal blood. AB - Immunoreactive endorphin peptides (ir EP) and prolactin (PRL) were measured by radioimmunoassay in venous blood from the umbilical cord of 86 neonates, 23 postpartum mothers, and 40 randomly selected blood bank donor control subjects. We also assayed these hormones in serosanguineous placental tissue fluid following delivery. The data suggest both ir EP and PRL are elevated during both processes and that placental chemistry may be implicated in blood levels of these hormones. Some biological and clinical aspects of placental opiates are discussed. PMID- 7234911 TI - Outcome in low-birth-weight infants (750 to 1,500 grams): a report on 164 cases managed at Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California. AB - A series of 164 infants, weighing 750 to 1,500 grams, managed at Children's Hospital from January 1, 1972, to December 31, 1975, was studied. Of the 164 infants, 62% (102) survived. Obstetric factors associated with decreased survival were lower gestational age, fetal distress in labor, and breech presentation. Neonatal factors associated with decreased survival were lower birth weight, low Apgar scores, severe respiratory distress syndrome, intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, and sepsis. Of the infants who died, 62% did so within the first 48 hours of life, and 90% within the first 12 days of life. Eighty-two infants were followed for 1 year or longer, and 56 were followed for more than 4 years. Among the 82 infants, cerebral palsy occurred in seven, and less serious neurological handicaps developed in seven additional infants. Of the infants followed for 4 years or longer, 82% were neurologically and developmentally normal. Obstetric factors did not correlate with neurological handicaps; neonatal factors that did correlate with severe respiratory distress syndrome and seizures. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia occurred in 6.5% of inborn infants and in 14.2% of infant transfers. PMID- 7234908 TI - Postdate pregnancy: utilization of contraction stress testing for primary fetal surveillance. AB - Six hundred seventy-nine postdate study patients surveyed with a contraction stress test (CST) protocol had no perinatal deaths and no greater morbidity than that found in a 500-patient normal term control population. However, the postdate study did have a significantly increased risk of intrapartum fetal distress, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, macrosomia, and cesarean section for both failed progress of labor and fetal distress. Among the postdate study group there was a high incidence of patients with abnormal CST results (39%); these patients with abnormal CST results were at increased risk for subsequent intrapartum fetal distress. Seventy-five percent of the postdate study patients entered labor spontaneously and delivery was elected because of abnormal CST results in only 5.4%. The data presented here support the use of contraction stress testing for primary surveillance of the prolonged pregnancy and they suggest that only one in 20 patients past 42 weeks' gestation will require intervention for fetal indications with this approach. PMID- 7234913 TI - The praxeology of the office dilatation and curettage. AB - Studies establishing the validity, safety, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of dilatation and curettage (D&C) performed in the office have been published for 60 years. Major obstacles to office D&Cs have been third-party payers, congressional action and governmental regulations, social mores, medicolegal practices, and specialization. Analysis of 310 offices D&Cs in a private gynecologic practice reveals a 300% reduction of patient short-term disability, 90% patient acceptability, 98% diagnostic accuracy, 450% improved physician time, approximately 450% cost reduction, and improved cost savings and income to patient and physician. The gynecologist has the substantial role in medical care decision-making. However, we must not lose sight of the fact that these very personal and individualized decisions must involve the patient as well. In order to maintain the most beneficial perspective and medical care decision-making, a hierarchy of values is presented: quality medical care, patient and physician satisfaction, economies of cost, and replicability. It is suggested that this praxeologic approach to the office D&C can be applied to other medical care decisions. PMID- 7234912 TI - The interaction of human spermatozoa with cervical mucus in vivo. AB - The interaction between human spermatozoa and cervical mucus was studied during 14 cycles of artificial insemination (AI) with a cervical cup. The concentration of spermatozoa in the inseminate was determined as were the percentage of motility, mean swimming speed, and sperm morphology. The percentage of motility, swimming speed, and morphology of spermatozoa in the mucus were determined at 1 hour and 48 hours after AI. The percentage of motile sperm was always higher in the cervical mucus than in the semen. In some cases, spermatozoa appeared to swim faster in the mucus than in the semen but in other cases the reverse was true. In all 14 cases some spermatozoa could be found in the mucus at 48 hours after AI. In general, the percentage of motility and swimming speeds of the cervical sperm remained unchanged over the 48-hour study interval. The percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology was higher in the cervical mucus than in the semen. The alteration in the composition of the sperm population appeared to result from exclusion by the mucus of most classes of abnormal sperm. The morphology of the cervical sperm population was similar at 1 hour and at 48 hours after AI. PMID- 7234914 TI - Possible relationship between in utero diethylstilbestrol exposure and male fertility. AB - Seventeen men who were exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol (DES), 12 non-DES exposed volunteers, and 11 fertile control subjects were evaluated by physical examination, seminal fluid analysis, and sperm penetration assay (SPA). Fourteen of the 17 male subjects exposed to DES in utero and two of the 12 non-DES-exposed volunteers had SPAs of less than 14% and qualified as infertile by the criteria of this test. All 11 fertile control subjects had demonstrated SPA values in the fertile range. Thirteen of the 17 DES-exposed male subjects, four of the 12 non DES-exposed volunteers, and four of the 11 fertile control subjects demonstrated at least one abnormality of the reproductive organs. PMID- 7234916 TI - Apgar index: a statistical tool. AB - Twenty-seven years has elapsed since Virginia Apgar proposed a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant. The proposal gained rapid and almost universal acceptance and has stood the test of time. Considered at first to be both a guide for resuscitation and a statistical tool, the latter is now its main use. Although the original score was applied at 1 minute of age, both a 1-minute scoring and a 5-minute scoring are now the general custom. There is, however, no general consensus as to which is the better indicator of outcome. Use of both as separate entities is cumbersome. A method which with a single number gives weight to both the 1-minute score and the 5-minute score and also to the relative change is described. An analysis of selected variables with use of this index is presented. PMID- 7234918 TI - Radical surgery in the management of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix and vagina in young women. AB - The treatment of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix and vagina in young women has varied widely from one institution to another. Since 1956, 16 such patients have been treated primarily with radical surgery at the University of California, San Francisco. The operations have ranged from radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection with preservation of the ovaries to total pelvic exenteration, depending upon the location and extent of the disease. Vaginal reconstruction has been carried out in most of the patients who required vaginectomy. Eleven of the 16 patients are living and well. The remaining five have died of disease, two of them after relatively long disease-free intervals. PMID- 7234917 TI - Patterns of recurrence of carcinoma following radical hysterectomy. AB - One hundred eighty-six radical abdominal hysterectomies are reviewed. Twenty-two instances of clinically recurrent carcinoma following operation were encountered over a 18-year period. In review of these cases it is apparent that patients with adenocarcinoma or adenocystic carcinoma have an increased likelihood of positive lymph node metastases or lymphatic-vascular invasion at the time of surgery. If this occurs, there is an increased probability of recurrent disease. Poor differentiation of the tumor, bulky disease, deep infiltration of tumor, involvement of capillary-like spaces, and lymph node metastases all appear to represent poor prognostic indices in patients operated upon. Patients with adenocarcinoma generally have a longer disease-free interval before recurrence than patients with squamous carcinoma. Postoperative radiation therapy following radical surgery appears to increase significantly the disease-free interval until recurrence and influences the site of recurrent disease but has no demonstrable effect on ultimate survival. PMID- 7234920 TI - Coelomic metaplasia. PMID- 7234919 TI - Thoracic endometriosis: a review and report of two cases. AB - There have been 17 reported cases of histologically proved thoracic endometriosis and 27 cases of probable thoracic endometriosis based upon repetitive symptoms associated with menstruation and response to suppression of ovarian function. Two additional cases of probable thoracic endometriosis are reported. Seventeen of these 46 patients also had proved pelvic endometriosis and four others had clinical evidence of pelvic disease. In the majority of the cases there has been a delay in diagnosis accompanied by prolonged disability. PMID- 7234915 TI - Pregnancy outcome in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. AB - The presence of anomalies in vagina, cervix, and uterine body of women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero has provoked interest and concern regarding the reproductive potential of these women. To expand and to evaluate better better the current knowledge in this matter, the outcomes of the pregnancies of exposed women registered in the Stilbestrol Clinic at the Stanford University Medical Center were examined. The results were combined with the published results of similar examinations of other institutions and a summation of all available data is presented. Although it is evident that the majority (79%) of exposed women who have become pregnant and not regularly sought abortion have obtained at least one living infant, the incidence of spontaneous abortion and preterm delivery has consistently been found to be greater in exposed women than in unexposed control women. One of every 30 pregnancies reported in exposed patients has been ectopically located. Additionally, there is suggestive evidence that exposed women with teratologic changes have a higher incidence of pregnancy loss than those without such changes. However, few of these observations can boast statistical validity and statistical validation of the same observation by separate investigators has not been obtained. Moreover, none of th teratologic changes in exposed patients has been seen to preclude normal pregnancy and term delivery. PMID- 7234922 TI - The exfoliation syndrome in the aphakic eye. AB - A 79-year-old man developed the classical signs of exfoliation syndrome bilaterally ten to 13 years after bilateral intracapsular cataract surgery. There is, therefore, at least one type of exfoliation syndrome where the lens does not produce the exfoliative material. PMID- 7234921 TI - Congenital adduction palsy and synergistic divergence. AB - Electromyography of the medial and lateral recti muscles in the right eye of a 7 year-old boy with congenital variable exotropia demonstrated cocontraction. This explained the observed simultaneous abduction on attempted levoversion. Abduction of the right eye increased intraocular pressure to 25 mm Hg from 15 mm Hg. This synergistic divergence should be considered a variant of Duane's syndrome, and, like Duane's syndrome, may occur as the result of anomalies of the peripheral oculomotor nerves or of central synaptic alterations, or of a combined central and peripheral mechanism. PMID- 7234923 TI - Yesterday's solutions are today's problems. PMID- 7234924 TI - An ophthalmologist's reaction to his own intraocular lens implants. PMID- 7234925 TI - Occlusion of the central retinal vein. PMID- 7234926 TI - Ocular torsion and primary retinal meridians. AB - I measured ocular torsion during and after head- and body-tilt, ocular convergence, and conjugate gaze. Extensive examination on 15 normal human subjects and additional observations on 400 consecutive patients without extraocular motor defects failed to show static ocular tension. During dynamic head-tilt, intermittent, small-amplitude, saccadic, wheel-like torsional eye movements were recorded as moving faster than the head so that the eyes preceded the head. Between these intermittent saccades, and at the end of the head-tilt, there was no residual ocular torsion. The absence of static ocular torsion allows for formulation of a generalization linking the oculomotor to the visual sensory system. The primary retinal meridians become aligned with each other in the normal individual during binocular fixation, regardless of the position of the head in space or the point of ocular fixation. The vestibular and oculomotor systems function to inhibit rather than produce ocular torsion; the eyes are oriented to a plane in the brain rather than to the horizon. In particular, the oblique muscles function mainly to maintain the alignment of the primary retinal meridians and, therefore, to inhibit torsion in the normal state. PMID- 7234927 TI - Myelinated retinal nerve fibers. AB - In a series of 3,968 consecutive autopsies, myelinated nerve fibers of the retina were presented in 39 (0.98%) cases and bilateral in three (7.7%) affected cases; thus, 42 (0.54%) of the 7,936 eyes examined were affected. Myelinated nerve fiber lesions appeared as white or gray-white striated patches corresponding in shape to the distribution of retinal nerve fibers and demonstrated frayed borders. Myelinated retinal nerve fibers were continuous with the optic nerve head in 14 (33%) and discontinuous with the optic nerve head in 28 (66%) affected eyes. By light microscopy and electron microscopy, myelinated retinal fibers were marked by a ganglion cell axon surrounded by concentric lipoprotein lamellae that formed the myelin sheath. Glial cells were often prominent near the myelin sheaths, but other components of the sensory retina were morphologically normal. Clinically, 32 patients with myelinated retinal nerve fibers had comparable overall features, visual field defects less extensive than expected on the basis of ophthalmoscopic appearance, and normal findings on fluorescein angiography. Four patients had a syndrome characterized by ipsilateral extensive myelinated retinal nerve fibers, anisometropic myopia, amblyopia, and strabismus. PMID- 7234928 TI - Functional amblyopia associated with organic ocular disease. AB - Thirteen patients who had functional amblyopia associated either causally or coincidentally with organic ocular abnormalities still responded to conventional amblyopia therapy. The presence of separation difficulty or improvement in visual acuity with a neutral density filter helps predict the presence of functional amblyopia in patients with organic abnormalities. PMID- 7234930 TI - Ocular histopathology in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b. AB - Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b is a syndrome, often familial, characterized by medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland, pheochromocytoma, and many mucosal neuromas in patients who frequently have a marfanoid habitus. The ophthalmic findings are distinctive and include conjunctival and eyelid neuromas, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and, most characteristically, greatly thickened corneal nerves. Ocular histopathologic study of a 30-year-old man demonstrated thickened nerves in the ciliary body, iris, and corneoscleral limbal regions. In these regions, the nerves were a mixture of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. Sections through the thickened corneal nerves, 1.5 mm centrally from the corneoscleral limbus, showed only nonmyelinated nerves associated with Schwann cells. The many axons were normal in appearance but varied in diameter; some were between 0.1 and 0.2 ng and others between 1.0 and 1.4 ng. An unexpected finding was numerous ganglion cells in the ciliary body. The subconjunctival tissue showed neuromas with a minimum of fibrous structure. Sections of the lacrimal gland showed normal glandular tissue. PMID- 7234929 TI - The origins of Sattler's veil. AB - The symptoms of Sattler's veil accompany prolonged wear of thick contact lenses and are thought to be the result of epithelial hypoxia. We studied light scattering in the isolated rabbit cornea after hypoxia with optical techniques. We found that hypoxia produced a polygonal mesh of light scattering, outlining cells in the intermediate and basal epithelium. An optical transform of this mesh produced a halo of the same dimensions observed in Sattler's veil. Additionally, prolonged hypoxia produced an increase in stromal light scattering that may add to increased glare sensitivity. Consistent changes in epithelial thickness were not observed, raising the probability of radial swelling or compensatory epithelial volume regulation. PMID- 7234933 TI - Simulation of massive periretinal proliferation by autotransplantation of retinal pigment epithelial cells in rabbits. AB - We compared the clinical pattern, the histologic findings, and the electron microscopic appearance of lesions produced by the autotransplantation into rabbit vitreous of freshly harvested and tissue-cultured (250,000) retinal pigment epithelial cells. Both harvested and cultured cells formed intravitreal strands, traction detachments, and retinal puckers, resembling the most prominent features of massive periretinal proliferation in humans. Strands produced by both types of retinal pigment epithelial cells contained cells resembling myofibroblasts which may explain the contractability of the strand. The clinical, histologic, and electron microscopic observations were similar to those found in eyes injected with tissue-cultured skin fibroblasts. PMID- 7234932 TI - Percentage of degranulated mast cells in vernal conjunctivitis and giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with contact-lens wear. AB - Using light microscopy, we determined the percentage of granulated and degranulated mast cells in sections of tissue from ten persons with vernal conjunctivitis, ten with giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with contact lens wear, and ten normal subjects. Tissues from both groups of patients had a significantly higher percentage of degranulated mast cells (greater than 80%) than did normal tissue (less than 25%). The fully granulated mast cells in the three groups did not appear morphologically different, nor did the degranulated mast cells in the three groups. The percentage of degranulated mast cells in vernal conjunctivitis did not differ significantly from that in giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with contact-lens wear. The histamine level in the tears of patients with vernal conjunctivitis, which is four times higher than that of normal subjects and that of patients with giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with contact-lens wear, cannot be explained by a difference in the percentage of degranulated cells detectable by light microscopy. PMID- 7234931 TI - Bilateral ophthalmomyiasis interna. AB - A 33-year-old man had bilateral ophthalmomyiasis interna. A larval maggot, presumably a botfly, caused a subretinal hemorrhage in the left macula. Diagnostic retinal pigment epithelial worm tracks were observed in both fundi, although the subretinal larva itself was observed only in the left eye. Bilateral worm tracks suggested either separate infestations in each eye or migration of a single maggot from one eye to the other. PMID- 7234934 TI - Acquired cyclic esotropia in an adult. AB - A 67-year-old women developed periodic alternate-day esotropia, documented with videotape, 16-mm film, and quantitative eye-movement recordings, after retinal detachment surgery. The eye movements suggested that central reprocessing and adaptation to a peripheral defect was in part responsible for this adult form of acquired cyclic esotropia. PMID- 7234935 TI - A clinicopathologic study of four cases of primary open-angle glaucoma compared to normal eyes. AB - Eight eyes obtained at autopsy from four patient who had chronic open-angle glaucoma were compared to eyes with normal aging changes. Three cases were characterized by early and pronounced abnormalities in the uveal portion of the drainage angle. The findings consisted of formation of an exaggerated scleral spur upon the scleral roll by accretion and compaction of the overlying uveal meshwork, hyalinization and atrophy of the adjacent ciliary muscle, and atrophy of the iris root. The fourth case showed widespread proliferation of endothelium into the lumen of Schlemm's canal. We concluded that the predominant histologic findings in eyes with open-angle glaucoma consists of an exaggeration of normal aging processes, ranging in a spectrum from excessive involvement of the uveal pathway to excessive involvement of the canal of Schlemm pathway. PMID- 7234936 TI - Good visual function after neonatal surgery for congenital monocular cataracts. AB - We treated eight neonates who had total, monocular, congenital cataracts with surgery, occlusion, and contact lenses. Visual results in all eight patients were good. In five patients visual acuities improved to 6/9 (20/30) or better in the aphakic eye. In three patients visual acuities improved to 6/24 (20/80) or better. Problems with contact lenses probably accounted for the poorer results in two of these three patients. Binocularity was not demonstrated in any of our patients. PMID- 7234937 TI - An analysis of treatment of congenital glaucoma by goniotomy. AB - We used goniotomy as the initial surgical procedure in 34 patients (50 eyes) with congenital glaucoma. An overall success rate of 88% was achieved with one or more goniotomies. The age at disease onset, level of intraocular pressure, and corneal diameter did not significantly influence the surgical outcome. The refractive error proved to be a valuable indicator of operative success or disease progression. A satisfactory visual outcome was associated with treatment by goniotomy. PMID- 7234938 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies of two cases of pigment dispersion syndrome. AB - We examined four eyes obtained post mortem from two patients who had increased intraocular pressure, normal visual fields, and pigment dispersion syndrome. Gross examination, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy disclosed elongated regions on the posterior iris surface of all the eyes. The cell membrane of the iris pigment epithelium was disrupted and there was extrusion of pigment granules at these locations. These areas of iris had a radial distribution (paralleling the course of the packets of zonular fibers) and corresponded to the peripheral iris transillumination defects. Pigment was dispersed in the anterior segment and on the pars plana. In the trabecular meshwork the pigment was free, within macrophages, and within endothelial cells. We observed giant vacuoles in the endothelium of Schlemm's canal. These findings suggested that friction between the zonular fibers and peripheral iris led to focal disruption of iris pigment epithelium and release of pigment granules. The increased pigment within the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal may indicate that the glaucoma sometimes associated with pigment dispersion is caused by pigmentary obstruction, although congenital imperfections of the outflow channels may also be a factor PMID- 7234940 TI - Relative blue-light extinction in lens nucleus related to age and cataract. AB - The extent of visual function loss from nuclear cataractous change can be estimated by observing the extinction of blue light compared to white light as a function of sagittal lens depth in standard slit lamps. Apparent extinction (loss of transmissivity) of 50% or more of the depth of the lens in blue light of maximal intensity compared to white light at minimal intensity is associated with marked visual loss. However, this transmissivity ratio of 0.5 or less also applies if light intensity remains constant and the blue filter is simply moved in and out of the light beam. Therefore, if 50% or more of the lens appears dark to blue-filtered light, nuclear changes have significantly decreased effective visual acuity. Relative blue-light extinction associated with nuclear change that may be amenable to surgical correction can thus be distinguished from the extinction effect caused by age alone. PMID- 7234939 TI - The normal cup-disk ratio. AB - We determined the cup-disk ratios of 580 individuals, ranging in age from 4 to 91 years, with a Hruby lens; we also determined the cup-disk ratios of 289 of the 580 with a direct ophthalmoscope. All had applanation pressures of 18 mm Hg or less. There was no linear relationship (covariation) between cup-disk ratio and refractive error or intraocular pressure, but there was a tendency toward increasing cup-disk ratio with increasing age. The mean cup-disk ratio in the group examined with the Hruby lens was 0.38 and that in the group examined with the direct ophthalmoscope was 0.25. With either method almost all eyes had cup disk ratios of 0.7 or less. In 9% of the eyes the cup was ovoid. In only 10% of these cases was the vertical cup-disk ratio greater than the horizontal cup-disk ratio, and in only one case was this difference 0.2 or more. The Hruby lens method consistently gave a slightly larger cup-disk ratio than the direct ophthalmoscope did. However, there was seldom a disparity of more than 0.2. The Hruby lens or biomicroscopic lens should be used to determine the fullest extent of the contour of the cup. Any cup-disk ratio of 0.7 or more, any vertical cup disk ratio larger than the horizontal cup-disk ratio, and any disparity between the direct ophthalmoscope estimation and Hruby lens estimation of more than 0.2 should be viewed with suspicion. PMID- 7234942 TI - Coats' disease in a patient with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. AB - A 16-month-old boy had the mental and physical retardation, low-pitched cry, phocomelia with syndactyly, hirsutism, low-set ears, bushy eyebrows, elongated eyelashes, blepharoptosis, and strabismus characteristic of Cornelia de Lange syndrome along with ophthalmoscopic findings characteristic of Coats' disease. Cryotherapy made the abnormal telangiectatic vessels less prominent, but macular scarring produced poor visual acuity. Occlusion therapy was unsuccessful. PMID- 7234941 TI - Intraocular endoscopic surgery. AB - We have successfully used a new small endoscope in posterior segment surgery in situations where the operating microscope or binocular indirect ophthalmoscope provided an inadequate view. In this series of 18 procedures, we preformed posterior vitrectomies, removed retained foreign bodies, and reattached persistent retinal detachments. The only major complication was a retinal detachment. Learning to use a monocular system requires practice and preparation with experimental animals. PMID- 7234943 TI - The optics of vitreous surgery. AB - We calculated the refractive power of the human eye in the various optical configurations that may occur during vitreous surgery. We found that a biconcave corneal contact lens with an anterior surface refractive power of -63 to -98 diopters allowed the fundus to be seen when the vitreous cavity was filled with air, as did a weak minus lens attached to the bottom of the operating microscope. Our tests showed that the unsymmetrical biconcave lenses were superior. PMID- 7234945 TI - Medicolegal claims in intraocular lens implant cases. AB - In 11 of 22 medicolegal claims involving intraocular lens implants, the medical care given to the patients was judged to be substandard, whereas this was true in only 19 of 110 (17.3%) ophthalmic claims not involving intraocular lenses. The major reason for this difference was that the intraocular lenses were implanted in cases where they were not indicated. Also, many of these patients had relatively good vision before the surgery and were more likely to sue if the results were poor. PMID- 7234944 TI - Temporary keratoprosthesis for use during pars plana vitrectomy. AB - We have developed a series of temporary keratoprostheses that permit closed pars plana vitrectomy in eyes with abnormal corneas. These devices are placed into a trephined opening in the cornea, and provide a clear, stable view of the intraocular contents. Immediately after vitrectomy, the keratoprosthesis is replaced with a corneal graft. We have used this technique successfully in four eyes with opaque or severely traumatized corneas. PMID- 7234946 TI - Fungal growth in aphakic soft contact lenses. AB - Fungal growth was detected in two aphakic hydrophilic contact lenses. Aspergillus species was cultured from the extended-wear contact lens and Dermatophilus congolensis was identified by specific antibody staining of the daily-wear contact lens. As in the 16 previously described cases of fungal contact lens growth, our patients had no evidence of ocular infection but did experience irritation which cleared up when contact lens wear was discontinued. Although only a small percentage of contact lenses are prescribed because of aphakia, these thicker contact lenses may be more susceptible to fungal growth and should be monitored carefully. PMID- 7234947 TI - Acquired blepharoptosis secondary to contact-lens wear. AB - Five patients (eight eyelids) had acquired blepharoptosis after using contact lenses. The ages (26 to 55 years) of these patients was not consistent with idiopathic senile blepharoptosis, and we excluded all other possible causes. All patients had disinsertion and recession of the aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, and the blepharoptosis improved in each case after reattachment of the aponeurosis to the superior tarsal border. We believe there is a cause-and-effect relationship between the use of contact lenses and the acquisition of secondary blepharoptosis. The most likely explanation of this type of blepharoptosis is difficulty in inserting and removing the lenses. Thus, excessive eyelid manipulation may disinsert the aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle from the tarsus. PMID- 7234948 TI - Osteoblastic prostate carcinoma metastatic to the orbit. AB - A 77-year-old man had subperiosteal osteoblastic adenocarcinoma of the orbit, metastatic from the prostate. The patient underwent orbital exploration and biopsy of the bony tumor. Despite incomplete removal of the tumor, visual acuity in the eye improved and he has remained in reasonably good health. PMID- 7234949 TI - Dyskinetic strabismus as a sign of cerebral palsy. AB - We found dyskinetic strabismus in 66 patients with cerebral palsy. The most striking feature of dyskinetic strabismus is the fluctuation from esotropia to exotropia under the same accommodative conditions with a slow tonic deviation similar to a vergence movement. With increasing age, exodeviation becomes more prevalent. Dyskinetic strabismus is seen exclusively in cerebral palsy patients. Many of these patients have an athetoid component to their disorder. The association of dyskinetic strabismus with athetosis and upward gaze palsy suggests that the basal ganglia may be the site of the malfunction. The strabismus responds poorly to surgery and the associated athetosis is important in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral palsy. PMID- 7234951 TI - A gonioscopy lens for pulsed-laser trabeculotomy. AB - We designed an indirect gonioscopy lens capable of handling the high powers generated by short-duration pulsed lasers. The lens is composed of an equilateral quartz prism within which the entire laser beam is internally reflected and connected to the cornea with saline solution. The reflected beam subsequently passes through the index-matched cornea to the trabecular region. Chromatic aberration is minimal because refraction is eliminated by arranging the laser beam so that is crosses the dielectric interfaces in a near-normal direction. The reflection losses amount to less than 5%, even without antireflection coatings. A prism of glass is sufficiently robust to handle the 100-kW pulses from a dye laser. PMID- 7234950 TI - Self-inflicted ocular mutilation. AB - Self-inflicted mutilation of the eyes is an uncommon but fairly distinct entity. Patients are typically young men; they often have criminal records and histories of drug abuse. Underlying schizophrenia is a common feature. The patients frequently suffer from castration fears, oedipal conflicts, repressed homosexual impulses, severe guilt, and a need for punishment. We treated two patients with this disorder. The first, a 26-year-old prison inmate convicted of murdering his grandfather, cut his eyes with a razor blade. He had previously attempted to commit suicide, suffered from delusions, and experienced auditory hallucinations. Surgical repair of his injuries improved his visual acuity to R.E.: 6/15 (20/50) and L.E.: 6/30 (20/100). The second patient, a 24-year-old inmate of a mental institution, had previously undergone a lensectomy for a hypermature cataract induced by a self-inflicted lye burn in his left eye. One year later, he was treated for lacerations of his right eye and partial amputation of his tongue. In the year between admissions, he had enucleated his left eye. Visual acuity in his remaining eye was no light perception, so no surgery was performed. PMID- 7234952 TI - A glimmer of hope. PMID- 7234954 TI - The role of occupational therapy in the vocational rehabilitation process. The American Occupational Therapy Association. PMID- 7234953 TI - Presidential address: management, marketing, and the real hard facts. PMID- 7234955 TI - Reduction of self-injurious behavior using sensory integrative techniques. AB - Theoretical rationale and case study information are presented for the use of a sensory integrative approach to self-injurious behavior. The program described uses sensory integrative techniques and soft restraint to reduce face hitting in a 28-year-old, nonambulatory, profoundly retarded resident. The noncontingent application of the procedures has reduced the occurrence of self-injurious behavior during treatment periods from an average of 13.1 responses per minute to an average of 1.02 responses per minute. PMID- 7234956 TI - Use of resting splints by patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A follow-up evaluation of 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were fitted with full bilateral wrist and hand resting splints revealed that 62 percent wore them most or all of the prescribed time. Patients deviated from the prescribed splint program when their symptoms remitted or diminished, and adhered more closely to the program when they experienced persistent inflammation. Patients splinted during a hospital stay were somewhat more compliant than those splinted as outpatients. Patients judged to be noncompliant discontinued splint usage because of a decrease of joint pain or stiffness, or both. Their decision did not appear detrimental, since, during the course of the study, there was no significant difference between compliant and noncompliant patients in range of motion of hand or wrist joints at followup evaluation and, when range of motion at the time of initial evaluation was compared with that at the follow-up examination, a higher proportion of noncompliant (37%) than compliant patients (16%) showed improvement. PMID- 7234958 TI - Objective evaluation of a splint designed to reduce hypertonicity. AB - Snook's spasticity reduction splint was evaluated objectively with five severely and profoundly handicapped subjects. The force of spastic wrist flexors in pounds of pull was measured on a spring-weighted scale. Findings demonstrated that the device designed for this study was useful in measuring hypertonus; splint wearing resulted in a reduction of the passive component of muscle tone and that this reduction was related to the length of time the subjects wore splints; the effects of splint wearing were not necessarily permanent. Components that contribute to the condition of hypertonicity are discussed, as well as the implications of the study findings for occupational therapists. PMID- 7234959 TI - Shunt splint for adult renal patients. PMID- 7234957 TI - A dynamic splint for use after total wrist arthroplasty. AB - Total wrist arthroplasty has been performed at the Mayo Clinic for the past 5 years. The procedure has necessitated the development of a dynamic wrist splint for post-operative care. This article provides a step-by-step outline for construction of this splint. PMID- 7234960 TI - Histogenesis of the papillary Clara cell adenoma. AB - Mouse lung adenomas have two characteristic histologic patterns, alveolar and bronchiolar or papillary. Differences in biologic behavior have been noted in tumors of different histologic form, in that papillary tumors were said to grow faster and become larger and possibly malignant. Progressive development from the alveolar to the papillary tumors has been proposed, involving a step-wise transformation from benign to malignant tumors. The author recently presented evidence from ultrastructural studies that the different histologic patterns were related to the cell of origin; the bronchiolar tumors consisted of Clara cells, while the alveolar tumors were made up of Type II alveolar epithelium. In the present study, designed to evaluate the histologic patterns of tumors during their development, multiple lung adenomas were induced in fetal Bagg-Webster mice on the sixteenth day of gestation by a single transplacental exposure to ethyl nitrosourea. The animals were killed from the seventh postnatal day to 185 days of age; their tumors were counted and categorized histologically. Analysis of serial-step sections of the right lower lobes of young postnatal mice showed tumors with either an alveolar (37%) or a bronchiolar pattern (63%). Two forms of the latter were recognized, tubular and papillary. Between Day 80 and Day 186 papillary adenomas increased, tubular tumors decreased, and alveolar adenomas remained relatively constant in number. At the end of the 6-month observation period the overall proportion of alveolar and Clara cell tumors was similar to that found in the first 3 weeks of life. These data support the concept that alveolar and papillary tumors arise from different cell lines, the papillary tumors exclusively from Clara cells. PMID- 7234961 TI - The role of the monocyte in atherogenesis: I. Transition of blood-borne monocytes into foam cells in fatty lesions. AB - In a previous publication the author and his co-workers demonstrated that atherosclerotic lesion development in the aorta of hypercholesterolemic pigs was preceded by intimal penetration of blood-borne mononuclear cells, and that medial smooth muscle cells were not involved in the formation of early fatty lesions in this model. The current study shows that aortic arch lesions do not progress beyond the fatty cell lesion stage for up to 30 weeks of a moderate cholesterol/lard diet, although they become more extensive in area. Mononuclear cells were found adherent to the endothelium, in endothelial junctions, and in the intima during this period, and were ultrastructurally identified as monocytes by the presence of peroxidase-positive granules (peroxisomes) in their cytoplasm. In addition, lesion areas with nonspecific esterase activity correlated well with Sudan IV staining. Intimal monocytes and altered intimal monocytes with an enlarged cytoplasm and containing a few lipid droplets were both shown to be phagocytic by their uptake of ferritin, which had penetrated the intima after intravenous injection. Circulating monocytes and those adherent to the endothelial surface did not contain ferritin in these animals. The results indicate that blood mononuclear cells associated with lesion formation in this model are, in fact, monocytes, which subsequently undergo transformation into macrophage foam cells in fatty streak lesions. The absence of medial cell involvement indicates that monocytes are the major foam cell precursor in these lesions. PMID- 7234962 TI - The role of the monocyte in atherogenesis: II. Migration of foam cells from atherosclerotic lesions. AB - A defined role in the atherogenic sequence is proposed for the circulating monocyte. The author has been able to demonstrate a "monocyte clearance system" in which large numbers of circulating monocytes invade the intima of lesion-prone areas in arteries, become phagocytic, and accumulate lipid. A fatty cell lesion results. Once lipid-laden, foam cells migrate back into the bloodstream by crossing the arterial endothelium. The ratio of penetrating monocytes to emerging foam cells decreases as fatty cell lesions develop until a one-to-one ratio is achieved in late fatty cell lesions, which do not progress further. Advanced fibroatherosclerotic plaques in the same animals do not show the same characteristics and have smooth muscle cell involvement. It would appear that advancement of the lesion is at least partially a result of failure of the monocyte clearance system to remove sufficient lipid. The invasion of monocytes and endothelial damage caused by foam cell clearance may, in late fatty lesions, contribute to plaque evolution by introducing growth factors from macrophages and platelets and allowing greater lipid influx. Elucidation of this system was facilitated by the examination of vessels from diet initiation onwards and by the observation of late nonprogressing fatty cell lesions. It is possible that this system exists in other models but has been overlooked by a predilection for the study of advanced lesions that prevails in the literature. PMID- 7234963 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the gastrocnemius tendon of selenium-deficient ducklings. AB - This paper presents an ultrastructural study of the changes occurring in the gastrocnemius tendon of normal and selenium-deficient ducklings from 1 to 12 days of age. The study revealed that the normal 1--8-day-old duckling tendon contained 2 morphologically distinct cell types and a third occurring at Days 8--12. The location of these cells within the endotendineum and fiber bundles and their morphologic characteristics are presented. Most cells showed cytologic alterations as early as 4 days on the deficient diet with progressive deterioration to Day 12. The various cell types showed a differential response to the deficiency. Changes included altered endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and eventual cell rupture. The significance of these observations and their possible relationship to the etiology of selenium-deficiency-induced dystrophy is discussed. PMID- 7234964 TI - Carotid artery constriction in acute hypertension. AB - The effects of carotid artery constriction on cerebrovascular ultrastructure and permeability in acute hypertension have been assessed. The right common carotid artery of 26 male Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats was constricted with a silver wire clip. Forty-eight hours later these animals received an angiotensin amide injection (1 microgram/kg body weight) or infusion for 3--4 hours (0.5 or 1.7 microgram/min/kg body weight) or were subjected to subdiaphragmatic aortic constriction. All animals were injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (20 mg/100 g body weight) and sacrificed after 5--15 minutes. Parietal cortex from both hemispheres was processed for light and electron-microscopic examination. The arterial vessels of the right hemisphere from animals given injections of or infused with angiotensin II exhibited increased permeability to HRP, as manifested by the presence of reaction product in interendothelial cell clefts, in subendothelial space, in endothelial and smooth muscle cell pinocytotic vesicles, and along smooth muscle cell basal laminas. In contrast, no alterations in the permeability of ipsilateral vessels were seen in rats with aortic constriction. Cerebral cortical arterial vessels from the left hemisphere in all groups of animals exhibited segmental dilatation and constriction and abnormal permeability to HRP. The results suggest that angiotensin administration can produce increased permeability of cerebral cortical vessels in the absence of elevated blood pressure. PMID- 7234965 TI - Kinetics and ultrastructural studies of the induction of rat alveolar macrophage fusion by mediators released from mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. AB - Treatment of F344 rat alveolar macrophages (AMs) in vitro with cell-free supernatant fluids obtained from concanavalin-A (Con A)-stimulated syngeneic lymphocytes induced extensive fusion. The lymphokine responsible for the fusion of AMs (but not other cells) is here referred to as AM fusion factor (Con-A-MFF). Fusion is dependent on the dose of Con-A-MFF and the population density of AM cultures and occurred 10 hours after Con-A-MFF was added to cultures of normal AMs. Con-A-MFF must interact with AMs for more than 8 hours before full expression of fusion is reached at 24 hours. Using a technique allowing for sequential scanning to transmission electron microscopy analysis of cells, the authors determined the relationship of the morphologic characteristics of the surface and the internal structure of cells fusing to form multinucleate giant cells (MGCs). The process of AM fusion begins with the aggregation of AMs, followed by interdigitation of cell processes. Serial sections of MGCs showed lysosomes associated with remnants of plasma membrane in the cytoplasm. The MGCs contained numerous organelles associated with increased secretory activity of cells. PMID- 7234966 TI - Ultrastructural characterization of the border zone surrounding early experimental myocardial infarcts in dogs. AB - The existence of a border zone composed of reversibly injured myocardium surrounding an evolving infarct has been the subject of controversy. In experiments designed to search for such a border zone by electron microscopy, 12 mongrel dogs underwent permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Two to 6.5 (average = 4.2) hours later, the hearts were excised, the area at risk (myocardium perfused by the LAD) was outlined by injection of fluorescent microspheres, and the myocardial infarct was demonstrated by the nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) gross histochemical method. Myocardial samples for electron-microscopic study were obtained from the periphery of the infarct (tissues unstained by NBT) and serially from the immediately adjacent myocardium, which was stained deep blue by NBT. Grossly, the infarcts always involved the subendocardial myocardium, extended for a variable distance in the epicardial direction, and closely approximated the lateral margins of the area at risk. When examined by electron microscopy, the infarct periphery showed evidence of irreversible damage, thus confirming the ability of NBT to detect early myocardial necrosis. Multiple samples of the NBT-stained myocardium immediately adjacent to the infarct showed varying degrees of reversible ischemia, thus demonstrating, at the ultrastructural level, the existence of a border zone of intermediate myocardial injury. This border zone was substantial (3--4 mm in width) along the subepicardial aspect of the infarct and very thin (1--2 mm) laterally. In conclusion, a significant border zone was demonstrable by electron microscopy in the subepicardial myocardium of 8 out or 12 canine hearts with recent coronary artery occlusion. In the remaining 4 hearts, the infarcts had already reached the epicardium at the time of study, and only a thin lateral border zone was present. PMID- 7234968 TI - Animal model of human disease: dysbaric osteonecrosis. PMID- 7234967 TI - Marek's disease as a model for the Landry--Guillain--Barre syndrome: latent viral infection in nonneuronal cells accompanied by specific immune responses to peripheral nerve and myelin. AB - In the chicken, Marek's disease virus (MDV) induces a demyelinating peripheral neuropathy that, early in the course of the disease, is histopathologically indistinguishable from that seen in the Landry--Guillain--Barre syndrome in man. A continuing role for a productive infection in the pathogenesis of this disease is unlikely, since neither MDV nor MDV antigens can be characteristically detected in nerves or spinal ganglia examined at necropsy. The authors investigated the possible role of a latent viral infection by explanting and maintaining in vitro the sciatic nerves and spinal ganglia from diseased birds. In these tissues, viral specific products were induced and detected by immunofluorescence and ultrastructural methods early after explanation in well isolated Schwann cells, satellite cells, and lymphocytes. Later, virus was detected in fibroblasts, macrophages, and neoplastic lymphoblastoid cells. Neurons and myelinating Schwann cells, in contrast, did not replicate the agent. Specific cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to chicken peripheral nerve and peripheral nerve myelin were demonstrated early in the course of the disease. When considered relative to potential pathogenetic mechanisms, these results suggest that Marek's disease neuropathy is initiated by the establishment of a latent viral infection in neuronal supporting cells. A specific immune response to viral-induced antigens on these cells could, in turn, result in subsequent demyelination. PMID- 7234969 TI - The relation of antemortem factors to atherosclerosis at autopsy. The Puerto Rico Heart Health Program. AB - Among 9824 Puerto Rican men, aged 35-79, participating in a prospective study of cardiovascular risk factors, there were 970 deaths during the period 1965-1977. About 14%, or 139, of these deaths had a protocol autopsy following the procedures of the International Atherosclerosis Project. The percentage of involvement with raised atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries was higher in the urban deceased than in the rural. The coronary heart disease death rate was also found to be higher in urban than in rural men in this population. Serum cholesterol and systolic blood pressure measured from up to 8 years before death were related both to raised lesions in the coronary arteries and in the aorta. Age and previous smoking status were associated with lesions only in the aorta. These results lend support for an etiologic relationship between serum cholesterol and blood pressure and the atherosclerotic process. PMID- 7234971 TI - The effect of dimethylsulfoxide on the calcium paradox. AB - Reperfusion of isolated rat hearts with calcium-containing solution after a short period of calcium-free perfusion results in irreversible cell damage (calcium paradox). Experiments were undertaken to study the effect of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on the occurrence of the calcium paradox in rat heart muscle. DMSO (1.4 mol/l) was added to the calcium-free or the reperfusion medium. Cell damage was quantitated in terms of creatine kinase (CK) release, cardiac electrogram (CEG) changes, and ultrastructural damage. Reperfusion with calcium-containing solution without DMSO after calcium-free perfusion with DMSO resulted in massive release of CK, electrical arrest of the ventricles, and formation of contraction bands. Nearly 100% of the cells displayed the calcium paradox damage. Reperfusion with calcium-containing solution with DMSO after calcium-free perfusion without DMSO resulted in a moderate release of CK, and electrical arrest of the ventricles. The myofibrils remained in a relaxed state. Only 4% of the cells displayed the calcium paradox damage. These results indicate that DMSO does not protect rat hearts against the effects of calcium-free perfusion that predispose the myocardium to the calcium paradox. The calcium paradox damage is reduced, however, when DMSO is present during the reperfusion phase. PMID- 7234972 TI - Animal model of human disease. Renal osteodystrophy in dogs with radiation nephropathy. PMID- 7234970 TI - Oleic-acid-induced lung injury in the rat. Failure of indomethacin treatment or complement depletion to ablate lung injury. AB - The purpose of this study was to establish a rat animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome using the intravenous injection of oleic acid. Further, we attempted to inhibit the development of lung injury by pretreatment of the rats with indomethacin or cobra venom factor. Histologic evidence of lung injury was apparent within hours after the administration of a single intravenous injection of oleic acid. By 24 hours, interstitial and intraalveolar edema and hemorrhage were noted with vascular congestion and an extensive interstitial infiltrate. The lungs appeared virtually normal by 12 days, with no evidence of chronic lung injury. Multiple injections of oleic acid also did not progress into chronic pulmonary inflammation. Treatment of the rats with indomethacin or cobra venom factor had no effect on ablating acute lung injury. An animal model of adult respiratory distress syndrome is presented which does not progress to chronic lung injury. PMID- 7234973 TI - Body fat in urban and rural male college students of eastern India. AB - Male college students (N = 381) residing in several districts of Eastern India, classified into two groups, urban (N = 193) and rural (N = 188), were studied by anthropometric measurements of skinfold thicknesses in several sites of the body to determine their body fat content. The mean value of percentage of body fat was found to be significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in the urban group of students (12.07 +/- 3.04) than in the rurals (11.04 +/- 2.63). The mean values of skinfold thicknesses of the biceps, triceps, and subscapular regions were also found to be higher in urbans (P less than 0.01), but no such significant differences in mean values of supra-iliac and abdominal skinfolds were found between the two groups of students. Most of the subjects of both the groups had a greater thickness of the abdominal skinfold compared to thickness of the biceps, triceps, and suprailiac skinfolds. It was found that the college students of Eastern India were leaner than the youths of North America, Europe, Japan, and Northern India. PMID- 7234974 TI - Morphological features of Jat dentition. AB - Observations on morphological characters of milk and permanent teeth, based on 648 pairs of dental casts of 356 male and 292 female Jat children of Haryana (India) are reported. Deciduous teeth show high frequencies of bilateral winging of maxillary central incisor, Carabelli's cusp of maxillary second molar, and deflecting wrinkle of mandibular second molar. Reduction of maxillary molar cusps is more marked in males than in females. Y pattern is very common in deciduous molars. Permanent teeth have high frequencies of grooved cingulum of incisors, cingular nodule of lateral incisors and canines, and distal accessory ridge of canines. Low frequencies of Carabelli's cusp and winging are also common. The tendency towards faintly developed shovelling in milk incisors occurs more often than in the permanent teeth. PMID- 7234975 TI - The first seriatim study of human growth and middle aging. AB - The serial record of growth and recumbent length and stature for one individual during nearly 50 years is presented, together with increments derived from these data. PMID- 7234976 TI - Anatomical distribution of subcutaneous fat and its description by multivariate methods: how valid are principal components? AB - Principal components analyses of subcutaneous fat measurements covering arm, trunk, and leg areas of the body were performed on 44 samples varying in sex, age, and ethnicity of subjects; measurement technique; and number of sites studied. Three major components emerged, similar in all samples: A first component of obesity, a second component of anatomical fat distribution contrasting trunk and extremity fat, and a third distributional component contrasting leg and arm fat. These components did not appear to vary with age (school children to older adults), sex, ethnicity (Black-White), technique (caliper, ultrasound, or X-rays), or number of sites (five to 13). The three major components are similar to vectors or obesity and relative fat patterning reported earlier by anthroposcopic (Skerlj et al., 1953) and graphic (Garn, 1955) methods. One of the pattern components (trunk-extremity) appears to correspond to a body build continuum associated with adult chronic diseases (Vague, 1956). The stability of these components among samples that differ in several characteristics suggests the validity of these components in describing aspects of body build of anthropological and epidemiological importance. PMID- 7234977 TI - Quantitative genetics of skeletal nonmetric traits in the rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago. I. Single trait heritabilities. AB - The use of skeletal nonmetric traits in studies of biological relationships often involves the assumption that variation in these traits is genetic. Studies of nonmetric traits in human groups and in inbred strains of mice and rabbits have indicated a genetic component to nonmetric trait variation. Skeletons of animals with known matrilineage membership were obtained from the Cayo Santiago skeletal collection in order to obtain a direct estimate of the heritabilities of several nonmetric traits in the free-ranging population of rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago. Falconer's (1965) method was used to calculate heritability. Heritability estimates range from zero to one, and half of them are greater than 0.5. This indicates that there is a considerable amount of genetic variation for these traits among the Cayo macaques. There is a significant tendency for traits scoring the number of foramina to have lower heritabilities than those scoring hyperstotic or hypostotic traits. PMID- 7234978 TI - Quantitative genetics of skeletal nonmetric traits in the rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago. II. Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between traits. AB - The general lack of phenotypic correlation among skeletal nonmetric traits has been interpreted as indicating a lack of genetic correlation among these traits. Nonmetric traits scored on animals in the skeletal collection of rhesus macaques from Cayo Santiago are used to calculate phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between traits. The results show that even when phenotypic correlations are low, there may be large, significant genetic correlations among these traits. The genetic correlation pattern suggests that genes which affect nonmetric trait variation act primarily at a local level in the cranium, even though there are genes with pleiotropic effects on skeletal nonmetric traits throughout the cranium. Environmental and phenotypic correlations do not show this neighborhood pattern of correlation. PMID- 7234980 TI - Growth of rural and urban children in the valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. AB - Weight, stature, arm circumference, and the triceps skinfold were measured in 1,410 school children, 6 through 14 years of age, from two urban colonias in the city of Oaxaca de Juarez (n = 479), and from two rural Ladino (n = 467) and two rural Zapotec (n = 464) communities in the Valley of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. Children from rural Ladino communities and urban colonias are significantly taller, heavier, and more muscular than children in rural Zapotec communities. The differences between rural Ladino and urban colonia children favor the former, particularly for weight and stature. These observations thus suggest 1) that children in the rural, indigenous communities in the Valley of Oaxaca are relatively undernourished compared to children in Ladinoized and urban communities, and 2) that rural-to-urban migration does not necessarily result in improved growth status. PMID- 7234979 TI - Root number determination in maxillary first premolars for modern human populations. AB - It is suggested that multiple root number of the maxillary first premolar be defined on the basis of lingual and buccal-root bifurcation greater than one fourth to one-third (25%--33%) the buccal-root length. This meets pragmatic considerations and would enhance comparability of between-observer findings for an apparently independent trait of potential importance for population characterization, forensic identification, and microevolutionary analysis. PMID- 7234981 TI - Threshold hypotheses, development age, and menstrual function. AB - Hypotheses relating the onset and maintenance of menstrual function to threshold levels of various parameters have been subject to statistical critique. Analysis of trends in parameter variance, applied here to data from the Berkeley Guidance Study, discriminates between the predictions of such hypotheses and those of the more traditional concept of developmental age. PMID- 7234982 TI - Allometric analysis of dental variation in a human population. AB - There exists an extensive literature that deals with interspecific allometry, eg, brain size-body size relationships among species. Yet comparatively little attention has been paid to intraspecific or static adult allometry. An intraspecific allometric analysis was conducted on the complete permanent dentition of a prehistoric American Indian population (N = 156). Mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements were logarithmically transformed and regressed on log transformations of femur length, an estimate of body size. When measurements of antimeric teeth were introduced together into common regressions on femur length, 20 of the 32 slopes were significantly different from zero. Thirty-one of the slopes ranged between zero and one and clustered between 0.2 and 0.4. Hence, negative allometry describes the tooth size-body size association, ie, taller individuals in general possess absolutely but not relatively larger teeth than shorter individuals. In addition, no significant sex differences for the regression slopes were observed. Though significantly correlated, tooth size and body size variables are too weakly associated to permit accurate predictions from regression equations. Evolutionary implications of intraspecific dental allometry are discussed. PMID- 7234983 TI - Possible "atavistic" structures in human aneuploids. AB - Comprehensive dissections of aneuploid (trisomy 18 and 13) neonates have revealed numerous supernumerary muscles that, although present in rare individuals, do not regularly occur in the human. These supernumerary muscles include: "platysma occipitalis," "rhomboideus occipitalis, "deltopectoral" complex, "latissimocondyloideus," "pectorodorsalis," "chondrohumeralis," and "peroneus digiti quinti"; a few muscles, e.g., palmaris longus and brevis are lacking altogether. One specimen exhibited a "linguofacial trunk" arising from the external carotid artery. The supernumerary muscles found in these aneuploid specimens are regularly found in monkeys and sometimes in the great apes. It is suggested that these supernumerary muscles may be "atavistic" structures. Problems in establishing homologies between these muscles among primates are discussed, and mechanisms leading to the development of these muscles in human aneuploids are proposed. PMID- 7234984 TI - Association of relatively delayed emergence of mandibular molars with molar reduction and molar position. AB - Among 234 children examined annually from age three to 20 years at the Burlington Growth Centre, there was statistically significant co-occurrence of early and late emergence sequences of the permanent first and second molars relative to the central incisors and second premolars in the same jaw and in both jaws. Alternatively, mandibular molar delay was not accompanied by corresponding maxillary molar delay, and the mandibular molars emerged later than the maxillary molars. This was strongly associated with Angle Class II malocclusion, indicating a relationship between relative time of emergence and relative position of opposing molars. Delay of the mandibular molar relative to the successional teeth or maxillary molars was associated with increased frequency of four cusped first and second molars and agenesis of third molars, indicating a tendency for co occurrence of delay in timing of molar emergence with reduction in structure of the molars. These relationships were evident even though emergences were affected by early loss of a deciduous second molar which increased M1I1 and M2P2 sequences by earlier emergence of M1 and delayed emergence of P2. PMID- 7234985 TI - A differential environmental effect on human anterior tooth size. AB - Factor-analytic studies of human tooth size routinely exhibit separate factors for the mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of anterior teeth but a single factor each for premolar and molar size. This observed independence within the anterior field is shown to be attributable to a much larger effect of environmental factors on the buccolingual vs. the mesiodistal diameters, a significant cause of which may be calculus accumulation hitherto unrecognized in the relevant literature. The heritability of dental dimensions is also discussed. PMID- 7234986 TI - Torus mandibularis among Icelanders. AB - Nine hundred and seventy-six Icelandic schoolchildren (489 male and 487 female) were surveyed for occurrence of torus mandibularis. No sexual dimorphism was observed but there was a statistically significant difference between areas. A highly significant positive association between age and frequency of occurrence and size was also observed. Single tori were more prevalent than multiple ones and also appeared earlier. Symmetrical occurrence predominated, but when unilateral, tori were more often found on the right side. Secular changes in the incidence of torus mandibularis among Icelanders suggest the strong influence of environmental factors. PMID- 7234987 TI - Body height, weight, and skeletal maturation in Hottentot (Khoikhoi) children. AB - Growth of body height and weight and skeletal maturation are discussed, based on 49 male and 61 female Hottentot children aged 3 to 17 years from Warmbad, Namibia (South West Africa) and 124 boys and 113 girls aged 1 to 21 years of related populations, the Rehoboth Basters of Namibia and Cape Coloreds from Cape Town, South Africa. The related populations are taller and heavier than the Hottentots, and have almost the same body height as American blacks and whites at least after the age of 18 years. In the Hottentots and Rehoboth Basters, the mean TW2 skeletal age is always less than the British standard by one or two years in both sexes. In general, the Rehoboth Basters have a skeletal age that is intermediate between Hottentot and British children. In both Hottentots and Rehoboth Basters, the increase in body height shows a linear relation to the skeletal age, and the regression curves are almost parallel in both sexes. The differences in body height and weight between the Hottentots and Rehoboth Basters become greater after the skeletal ages of 15 years for boys and 13 years for girls. PMID- 7234988 TI - Maxillary first premolar angular differences between North American Indians and non-North American Indians. AB - A quantitative technique for obtaining angular data on human maxillary first premolar teeth is presented. Measurement indicates that North American Indian buccal cusps are either buccolingually compressed mesially, or expanded distally, or both, when compared with non-Indian teeth. Surprisingly, data on Chinese and Eskimo samples are similar to non-Indian teeth rather than Indian teeth. Similar techniques may be applied to the more complex multicusped molar teeth in order to extract quantitative data from them. PMID- 7234989 TI - Changes in articular eminence morphology with dental function. AB - Measurements of mandibular fossa depth and slope of the articular eminence were obtained for human skeletal samples chosen to represent a wide spectrum of subsistence strategies and oral function: hunter-gatherers (Eskimos, Australians), American Indians dependent to a variable extent on maize agriculture, and early twentieth century American whites and blacks. In the Eskimo and Australian samples, a generalized and steady increase in fossa depth and slope was observed with increasing functional age (tooth wear) through wear level 5 (of 8), followed by a levelling off or slight decrease in fossa depth in later wear levels on the anterior teeth and sharp decrease in fossa depth in later wear levels on the molars. Although much less consistent due in part to extensive and early molar loss, patterns of variation in the remaining samples were characterized overall by a decrease in fossa depth and slope with increasing wear, especially on the molars. Further, in those samples with high incidences of posterior tooth loss, fossa depth was routinely less and the eminence more gently sloped in subsamples having experienced molar loss than in subsamples retaining all their molars. These data provide evidence that the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) undergoes continuous morphological alteration throughout adult life, and that these alterations are probably mediated by dental function. Moreover, they suggest that differences in patterning of such alterations may exist among human groups with contrasting patterns of tooth use. PMID- 7234990 TI - A left/right comparison of sequential bone loss from the metacarpals of postmenopausal women. AB - The rate of decrease of mean metacarpal cortical width was assessed by sequential radiographic morphometry for each hand separately in a series of 46 right-handed postmenopausal women observed for 222 patient-years. For the left hand, the mean rate was 0.0331 +/- 0.0053 mm/year and for the right, 0.0310 +/- 0.0060 mm/year. The difference between the hands in the rate of decrease was not significant. It is concluded that the higher work load of the dominant hand has no effect on the rate of bone loss from the metacarpals of postmenopausal women. PMID- 7234991 TI - An argument for the use of total side frequencies of bilateral nonmetric skeletal traits in population distance analysis: the regression of symmetry on incidence. AB - In population studies based on frequencies of bilateral nonmetric skeletal traits, the choice between sampling by individuals or by sides should depend less on the exigencies imposed by fragmentary remains than on fundamental assumptions about the biological meaning of symmetry/asymmetry. Though the latter has been interpreted in various ways, little attention has focused on the possibility that bilateral correlation is meaningful in quantifying genetic liability for a trait. Analysis of two independent mandibular features, mylohyoid bridge and suppressed third molar, in Indian and Eskimo population samples (total N congruent to 1,200) reveals a statistically significant pattern of increasing bilateral occurrence with increasing population incidence. This pattern is consistent with the theory that liability for a "quasi-continuous" variant is normally distributed with constant increment between thresholds on an underlying scale. According to theory, phenotypes with more pronounced expression (bilateral occurrence) have greater genetic potential than those with less pronounced expression (unilateral occurrence). Therefore, scoring traits in total left and right sides, by giving greater weight to bilaterally affected individuals, may provide a better estimate of the liability for the trait in the population. Viewed in a theoretical context broader than that of the sampling debate, this pattern of positive regression of symmetry on incidence means that prevalence of unilateral occurrence probably cannot be used to assess the relative strength of genetic versus nongenetic control of threshold variants. PMID- 7234992 TI - The effect of changes in muscle function and bone growth on muscle migration. AB - The elastic sleeve model of the periosteum of a long bone presents the periosteum as a structure which, because it is attached to the epiphyses rather than the diaphysis, expands interstitially and equally at all points as the bone grows at its ends. Structures attached to the periosteum are seen as essentially passive hitchhikers on the expanding periosteum. Two corollaries of this model are tested here. First, that changes in the magnitude or direction of the force that an attached structure exerts on the periosteum do not affect the migration of the structure. Second, that changes in the proportion of growth that occur at each end of the bone do not affect the migration of attached structures. Experiments performed on rabbits to test these corollaries include muscle paralysis, muscle transection, changes in the direction pull of a muscle, and epiphysiodesis. The results are in agreement with the hypotheses. This model should have applicability to functional and comparative anatomy, since it postulates that differences in positions of attachment of muscles and ligaments to bones reflect underlying genetic differences (phylogeny) rather than the effects of differences in behavior of the animal (ontogeny). PMID- 7234993 TI - Form and patterning of anterior tooth wear among aboriginal human groups. AB - Form and severity of dental attrition was assessed in aboriginal human groups including hunter-gatherers (Eskimos, Australians) and those with dependence to a varying degree on food production (Southwest U.S. and Ohio American Indians). Wear on anterior teeth was both relatively and absolutely greater in the hunter gatherers, as indicated by comparisons of wear on anterior and posterior teeth which come into occlusion at roughly the same time. Distinct differences in form of anterior wear were also apparent: The hunter-gatherers exhibited steadily increasing incidences of labially rounded wear with greater functional age, while the food-producing groups showed little or no rounding but instead high frequencies of heavily cupped wear (especially in those with premature loss of posterior teeth). These differences were attributed to nonmasticatory utilization of the front teeth in hunter-gatherers and to employment of the anterior teeth in masticatory (grinding) activities necessitated by large-scale molar loss in food producers. PMID- 7234994 TI - Cystitis cystica and glandularis: an unusual complication of terminal ileitis. A case report with discussion of its significance. PMID- 7234995 TI - Constipation as a presenting symptom in childhood-a diagnostic problem. PMID- 7234996 TI - A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. XI. Anal incontinence: a technique for repair. PMID- 7234997 TI - Unusual presentation of adenocarcinoma of the rectum. PMID- 7234998 TI - Oropharyngeal dysphagia. PMID- 7234999 TI - Hail and farewell. PMID- 7235001 TI - Intracellular chloride activity in rabbit papillary muscle: effect of ouabain. AB - Intracellular chloride activity (aiCl) and membrane potential (Vm) were measured in rabbit papillary muscle under in vitro conditions. The cellular chloride concentration (Cli) was estimated from measurements of total water content, extracellular space, and total chloride concentration. The effects of therapeutic (10(-8) M) and toxic (10(-6) M) concentrations of ouabain on these parameters were tested. The chloride-sensitive microelectrodes were of the liquid-ion exchanger type. Selectivity for HCO-3 was taken into account in the calculation of aiCl. In 11 control experiments made with two different protocols aiCl was determined in subendocardial and in deeper cells. The mean membrane potentials were -78.7 and -78.0 mV and the mean cytoplasmic chloride activities were 17.5 and 17.7 mM, respectively. The chloride equilibrium potentials were -43.5 and 43.2 mV. These results indicated that chloride is not passively distributed in rabbit papillary muscle. Ouabain (10(-8) M) did not change Vm or aiCl. At a toxic concentration of ouabain, Vm fell to -68.0 mV in superficial cells and to -67.8 mV in deeper cells, but aiCl remained unchanged . These results suggested that under in vitro conditions intracellular chloride is distributed within more than one cellular compartment. PMID- 7235000 TI - Na--Ca exchange in rat myometrium membrane vesicles highly enriched in plasma membranes. AB - When isolated rat myometrium vesicles highly enriched in plasma membranes were preincubated with 100 mM NaCl and then diluted 21-fold in Na-free media, an ATP independent Ca uptake value of 4.10 +/- 0.23 mumol/g protein occurred, compared to a value of 2.87 +/- 0.16 for a similar uptake by vesicles preincubated in Na free media. Brief (less than 10 s) exposure of the membrane vesicles to 5 mM ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) after the Ca uptake showed that the NaCl preincubated vesicles retained more Ca than the sucrose or KCl preincubated vesicles. A NaCl concentration in the membrane fractions identical to its concentration in the Ca uptake medium did not enhance the Ca uptake by the vesicles did not show an increased Ca uptake. NaCl added to plasma membrane vesicles actively loaded with Ca caused retention of less Ca than the control. NaCl added to actively loaded vesicles along with EGTA also enhanced calcium efflux compared to EGTA alone. Sucrose, K+, Rb+, or Cs+ could not replace Na+ for the Na+-dependent Ca uptake or release, while Li+ was a poor substitute in both the instances. Na+-dependent Ca-uptake distribution in the various fractions correlated very well with their 5'-nucleotidase activity but not with their NADPH- or succinate-dependent cytochrome c reductase activities. The results have been discussed using a Na--Ca exchange model as well as by a model in which Na+ competes for calcium binding to the membranes. PMID- 7235003 TI - Myosin light chain phosphorylation associated with contraction in arterial smooth muscle. AB - The hypothesis that Ca2+ initiates contraction in smooth muscle by activating an endogenous myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) that phosphorylates the 20,000 dalton light chain (LC 20) of myosin was tested in tissues prepared from the media of swine carotid arteries. Unstimulated tissues with low levels of tone exhibited low levels of phosphorylated LC 20. On stimulation with a high-K+ physiological salt solution containing 1.6 mM CaCl2, LC 20 phosphorylation increased to 0.6 mol P/mol LC 20 within 30 s. This increase preceded force development, which required 2-4 min to attain a maximum steady-state value of 3.34 +/- 0.15 (SE) X 10(5) N/m2. These results support the hypothesis, as the stimulus was submaximal for the preparation. However, LC 20 phosphorylation declined significantly from its peak value before steady-state force was attained, reaching near control levels after 10 min of stimulation. The results suggest that Ca2+-stimulated LC 20 phosphorylation is an important physiological control mechanism but that additional factors are involved in the maintenance of tonic isometric force. PMID- 7235002 TI - Pulmonary absorption of amino acids in the rat: evidence of carrier transport. AB - To investigate the absorption of nonmetabolized amino acids from the rat lung, 0.1 ml of Krebs-Ringer phosphate solution containing either 14C-labeled 1 aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (cycloleucine) or alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) was administered to anesthetized animals by way of a catheter introduced through a tight-fitting tracheal cannula. After various times, lungs were removed and assayed for the amount of amino acid that remained. Cycloleucine appeared to be absorbed by a combination of at least two processes: saturable carrier-type transport and a nonsaturable process. The saturable process was inhibited to varying degrees by a number of L- and D-amino acids but not by D-ornithine, betaine, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, phenol red, disodium cromoglycate, or tetraethylammonium. The nonsaturable process appeared to be too rapid to be accounted for by diffusion alone, thus suggesting interaction with a second carrier system of high capacity. Although AIB was a weak inhibitor of cycloleucine transport, it appeared to be absorbed solely by a nonsaturable process at a rate consistent with diffusion through aqueous membrane channels. PMID- 7235005 TI - Effect of counterregulatory hormones on kinetic response to ingested glucose in dogs. AB - The disposal of ingested glucose was quantitated in dogs during individual and combined infusion of glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol. Initial splanchnic extraction of ingested glucose, endogenous glucose production, and glucose uptake were quantitated using a double-tracer technique. Glucagon or cortisol individually had no effect on the kinetic response to glucose ingestion, whereas epinephrine increased glucose levels by 50-100 mg/dl. Epinephrine caused a reduced suppression of glucose production and a marked inhibition of the initial rise in glucose uptake. Initial splanchnic glucose extraction, plasma insulin, and glucagon were not significantly altered. The addition of glucagon and cortisol to epinephrine did not accentuate hyperglycemia, except after 150 min when glucose production increased. We conclude that a) epinephrine produces glucose intolerance when infused individually, b) this effect is primarily dependent on inhibition of glucose uptake and, to a lesser extent, on a reduction in suppression of endogenous glucose output, and c) addition of glucagon and cortisol has only a minor effect on epinephrine-induced changes in glucose disposal. Our data suggest an important role of epinephrine in stress-induced glucose intolerance. PMID- 7235004 TI - Calcium incorporation by smooth muscle subcellular fractions. PMID- 7235006 TI - Effects of estradiol and progesterone on food intake, body weight, and carcass adiposity in weanling rats. AB - The effects of estradiol and progesterone on food intake, body weight, carcass adiposity, and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity were investigated in weanling female rats. Treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB) reduced body weight gain in ovariectomized (OVX) weanlings as it does in adults. However, other responses to EB were attenuated or absent in weanlings. EB treatment did not reduce food intake, carcass adiposity, or adipose tissue LPL activity. This impaired responsiveness to EB may be due to decreased levels of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors in liver and adipose tissue (but not hypothalamus) in weanlings. On the other hand, responsiveness to progesterone was adultlike in weanlings. Treatment of OVX, EB-primed weanlings with progesterone increased food intake, body weight gain, and carcass adiposity. This adultlike responsiveness to progesterone was associated with adultlike levels of adipose tissue progestin receptors. However, progesterone treatment did not increase adipose tissue LPL activity in weanlings, indicating that changes in LPL activity are not necessary for progesterone-induced obesity. PMID- 7235008 TI - Estradiol-induced changes in lipoprotein lipase, eating, and body weight in rats. AB - Daily injections of 5 micrograms estradiol benzoate (EB) for 1, 2, 3, and 12 days decreased parametrial and retroperitoneal adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in ovariectomized rats. Nearly all of this decrease occurred within the 1st day. In contrast, EB-induced body weight loss and hypophagia were very slight during the 1st day after EB administration and increased substantially over the next 2 days. EB did not affect gastrocnemius muscle lipoprotein lipase activity over the first 3 days, but did decrease muscle lipoprotein lipase activity after 12 days. These changes in adipose and muscle lipoprotein lipase activity suggested that EB-induced redistribution of fuel would be greater after 3 days of treatment than after 12 days of treatment. Tests with two different in vivo triglyceride uptake methods confirmed this suggestion. EB-treated rats were hypertriglyceridemic after 12 days of treatment, but not after 3 days of treatment. Elevated plasma triglycerides were associated with an increased rate of triglyceride entry. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that EB administration temporarily results in redistribution of triglyceride fuel from adipose tissue to muscle, resulting in a transient decrease in rate of weight gain. PMID- 7235007 TI - Interorgan relationships for glutamine metabolism in normal and acidotic rats. AB - The interorgan relationships for glutamine were investigated in normal, chronically acidotic, and diabetic ketoacidotic rats. In the normal rat, muscle tissue is the major site that releases glutamine into the circulation, and the nonhepatic splanchnic bed (mainly gut) is the major site of glutamine uptake. The liver of normal, postabsorptive rats takes up glutamine also. The kidneys have no significant affect on circulating glutamine in normal rats. In chronic NH4Cl and HCl acidosis, muscle glutamine release doubles. In addition, the liver decreases glutamine uptake and releases glutamine into the circulation. Muscle and liver supply, respectively, about 55 and 45% of the increased glutamine demand of the kidneys during chronic acidosis. No significant changes could be detected in the nonhepatic splanchnic bed during acidosis. In diabetic ketoacidotic rats, the increased demand for glutamine by the kidneys is almost entirely supplied by muscle. No significant changes occur in liver or nonhepatic splanchnic bed. PMID- 7235009 TI - Prior vagotomy blocks VMH obesity in pair-fed rats. AB - Previously vagotomized, ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)-lesioned rats and sham lesioned controls were maintained on an intragastric pair-feeding regimen in which nonvagotomized VMH rats deposit excessive fat. Hypothalamic lesions were produced after 6 days of adaptation to pair feeding, and the experiment continued for 30 days postlesion. Extent of vagotomy was determined with a multiple regression procedure with cell loss in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, fasting gastric contents, and basal pancreatic protein output as predictor variables. The correlation was 0.95 between this set of indexes and the adequacy of a vagotomy for preventing hypothalamic obesity. Thus, radical vagotomies precluded the typical accumulation of significantly increased levels of carcass fat in lesioned animals (16.3 vs. 14.0% for controls). VMH rats with less extensive transections accumulated substantially more fat (25.9%). This outcome suggests that vagotomy produces a specific blockade of lesion-produced disturbances in metabolism leading to obesity. It fails to support a previous suggestion that vagal section blocks VMH obesity merely as a nonspecific surgical restriction of food intake because vagotomy was effective even though its effects on food intake could not operate. PMID- 7235010 TI - ADH-dependent nephron heterogeneity in rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus. AB - Single nephron glomerular filtration rates (SNGFR) were measured by the [14C]sodium ferrocyanide infusion technique in superficial (S) and juxtamedullary nephrons (JM) of anesthetized Brattleboro rats with or without diabetes insipidus (DI and HZ, respectively). Glomerular volumes (GV) and proximal tubular lengths (PTL) were measured in the same nephrons after microdissection. Glomerular volumes were also assessed in Wistar, HZ, and DI rats in Microfil-injected kidneys. The well-known nephron heterogeneity of the mammalian kidney was absent or greatly reduced in DI compared to HZ rats. S/JM ratios for SNGFR, GV, and PTL averaged 0.71, 0.50, and 0.73 in HZ and 1.04, 0.77, and 0.90 in DI rats. This reduced nephron heterogeneity was due only to reduced dimensions and filtration rates in JM nephrons. The chronic administration of antidiuretic hormone (dDAVP or vasopressin tannate), begun at 2 wk of age and maintained until adulthood (8 10 wk), significantly decreased the S/JM ratios, i.e., restored a nearly normal nephron heterogeneity in DI rats. These results suggest that nephron heterogeneity in the rat kidney is dependent on the presence of antidiuretic hormone, and, more specifically, that ADH and/or its functional consequences can selectively induce an increase in size and filtration rate in deep nephrons. PMID- 7235012 TI - Lactate transport by Thamnophis proximal tubule: sodium dependence. AB - We examined the effects of experimental conditions on unidirectional lactate fluxes in isolated perfused Thamnophis proximal tubule. Fluxes were determined by adding L(+)-[U-14C]lactate to perfusate or bath as appropriate (lactate concentration = 1 mM). The lumen-to-bath lactate flux (Jlb lact) was not affected by the manipulations required to exchange perfusate or bath or by substitution of phosphate for bicarbonate buffer. During measurement of Jlb lact, lactate was ordinarily added to the perfusate only. However, addition of 1 mM lactate to the bath had no effect on Jlb lact, indicating no role for exchange diffusion in renal lactate absorption. In contrast, substitution of tetramethylammonium (TMA+) or choline for Na+ decreased Jlb lact by about 75%. The bath-to-lumen flux (Jbl lact) was also decreased by TMA+ substitution for Na+, although by only about 25%. From these and previous results we suggest that in Thamnophis proximal tubule, lactate is absorbed by an active Na+-dependent transport process that probably derives its energy from the lumen-to-cell electrochemical gradient for Na+. PMID- 7235011 TI - Renal and systemic acid-base effects of chronic spironolactone administration. AB - Studies in dogs were carried out to investigate the effects of chronic administration of the mineralcorticoid antagonist spironolactone (15 mg/kg orally) on renal and systemic acid-base metabolism. In adrenalectomized dogs administered fixed mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid replacement, spironolactone resulted in a definite renal antimineralocorticoid effect, as evidenced by natriuresis and chloruresis, and sustained metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia due in part to impaired renal secretion of hydrogen and potassium. In adrenalectomized dogs receiving physiological glucocorticoid without mineralocorticoid, metabolic acidosis also occurred, but a marked stimulatory effect of spironolactone on net acid excretion occurred in association with increased urinary SO4-2 and total nitrogen excretion. Accordingly, spironolactone results in sustained renal tubular acidosis when administered in the presence of constant physiological levels of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid steroids. When administered under conditions of complete lack of mineralocorticoid activity, spironolactone exerts systemic and renal acid-base effects similar to those of a glucocorticoid steroid, namely, increased protein catabolism and sulfuric acid production with resultant extrarenal metabolic acidosis associated with increased net acid excretion. PMID- 7235013 TI - Segmental chloride reabsorption during volume expansion and recovery. AB - Clearance and micropuncture studies were performed in Sprague-Dawley and Munich Wistar rats to examine the nephron sites of chloride reabsorption in animals undergoing sustained volume expansion (SVE) (10% of body wt) with isotonic saline and in animals in which the extracellular fluid volume was expanded to 10% of body wt over 60 min, after which the sustaining saline volume was abruptly discontinued (recovery) (R). Net sodium and chloride balances were not significantly different in R compared with SVE. The fractional excretion of chloride, however, was significantly lower (2.62 +/- 0.25 vs. 4.18 +/- 0.62%, P less than 0.05). In the Sprague-Dawley rats, chloride delivery to the early distal tubule average 18% in both groups. Chloride delivery to the late distal tubule was significantly lower in R (4.39 +/- 0.79%) than in SVE (8.55 +/- 0.76%, P less than 0.005). In the Munich-Wistar rats, samples were obtained from the late distal tubule and base and tip of the papilla. Chloride delivery to the base did not differ from that to the late distal tubule in either group, but was significantly lower in R compared with SVE. These results indicate that the so called "post-volume expansion" antinatriuresis is the result, at least in part, of enhanced reabsorption in the distal tubule. PMID- 7235014 TI - Dual effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on H+ transport by the turtle bladder. AB - Previous studies in isolated turtle bladder have demonstrated that high concentrations of carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors limit H+ transport (JH) by reducing the catalyzed rate of CO2 hydroxylation and also by inhibiting some other step in the acidification process. One possibility is that these inhibitors alter the energy substrate requirement for JH. Recent work has demonstrated that JH may be dependent in part on glucose oxidation via the pentose shunt (PS). The present study was undertaken to determine whether CA inhibitors exert a direct effect on PS metabolism by turtle bladder. Acetazolamide and benzolamide at concentrations of 5 X 10(-4) M significantly reduced the rate of 14CO2 evolution from [1-14C]- but not [6-14C]glucose after JH was abolished by an adverse electrochemical gradient for JH+. These changes are consistent with a reduction in PS metabolism. These same sulfonamides also reduced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity in mucosal cell homogenates. Acetazolamide decreased the Vmax of G-6-PD but not the Km and, therefore, appears to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of G-6-PD with an estimated Ki of 10(-4) M. The t-butyl analogue of acetazolamide, CL 13850, which is without CA inhibitory activity, had no measurable effect on G-6-PD activity. Accordingly, it is suggested the sulfonamide CA inhibitors may reduce JH by two modes of action, inhibition of CA and inhibition of G-6-PD. PMID- 7235015 TI - Determination of the apparent transport constants for urate absorption in the rat proximal tubule. AB - Using continuous-flow luminal microperfusion techniques, the influence of the intraluminal urate concentration on urate absorption was determined in the rat proximal tubule. When the estimated contribution of passive permeation was accounted for, the "active" component of urate absorption demonstrated saturation kinetics. The apparent Km was 0.17 mM and the Vmax 0.31 pmol.min-1.mm-1. These transport constants were similar when derived from either a water-absorbing or steady-state equilibrium perfusion solution. The reflection coefficient was determined in studies employing the techniques of simultaneous capillary and luminal microperfusion. Both perfusion solutions contained p chloromercuribenzoate to inhibit active urate transport. In the presence or absence of an osmole gradient imposed across the tubule, the reflection coefficient for urate averaged 0.94. These studies provide evidence that urate absorption in the rat proximal tubule is a carrier-mediated process. They also provide independent confirmation of the passive flux coefficient derived in prior studies. Finally, the results suggest that solvent drag would have little effect on urate absorption. PMID- 7235016 TI - Meclofenamate and urine concentration with and without exposure of the renal papilla. AB - The recent finding that inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis prevent the fall in urine concentration produced by papillary exposure challenges the hypothesis that contact between the pelvic urine and papilla is essential to the renal concentrating process. The present study examines the change in urine osmolality produced by exposure of the renal papilla in rats given meclofenamate. In control animals urine osmolality(Uosmol) decreased 57% after 2 h of exposure of the renal papilla. In rats given meclofenamate 4 mg/kg urine osmolality increased 16%, urine flow decreased 30%, and glomerular filtration rate was unchanged in the nonexposed kidney. Meclofenamate, however, did not alter the decrease in Uosmol seen in the kidney with the exposed papilla. Meclofenamate 10 mg/kg was also ineffective in preventing the fall in urine osmolality produced by papillary exposure, although this higher dose decreased glomerular filtration rate and arterial blood pressure. These results are consistent with the finding that pelvic urine urea is important to the urinary concentrating process and with the hypothesis that urine osmolality falls after papillary exposure because contact between pelvic urine and papilla is interrupted. PMID- 7235017 TI - Basis for heterogeneity of para-aminohippurate secretion in rabbit proximal tubules. AB - Para-aminohippurate (PAH) is secreted at different rates in S1, S2, and S3 segments of isolated perfused proximal tubules of rabbit kidney. To characterize PAH transport we determined the maximal rate of secretion (Vmax) and the apparent Michaelis constant (Km) for each segment by examining the relationship between bath concentration of PAH and net PAH secretion (Jb leads to lPAH) transposed for Lineweaver-Burk analysis. The passive component of secretion for all segments was estimated by slope analysis at relatively high concentrations of PAH, by the component of PAH secretion insensitive to inhibition by probenecid, and, additionally, in S2 segments, from PAH efflux from lumen to bath. Subtraction of the passive component from Jb leads to lPAH (probenecid method) gave Vmax values for S1, S2, and S3 segments of 1,097 +/- 336 (n = 6), 7,430 +/- 1,338 (n = 6), 1,647 +/- 138 (n = 8) X 10(-15) mol.min-1.mm-1 (+/- SE) and apparent Km values of 139 +/- 37 (n = 6), 195 +/- 37 (n = 6), and 113 +/- 16 (n = 6) X 10(-6) M, respectively. Thus, Vmax for S2 greater than S3 congruent to S1, whereas apparent Km was not consistently different among the segments. On the basis of these results we suggest that axial heterogeneity of PAH secretion may reflect an increased basolateral membrane density of PAH transporters of common affinity in the S2 segment of the proximal tubule. PMID- 7235018 TI - Prolactin metabolism in the rat: role of the kidney in degradation of the hormone. AB - The contribution of impaired prolactin (PRL) degradation to the altered dynamics of this hormone in uremia was investigated in rats. Hyperprolactinemia developed after bilateral nephrectomy (BNx) or ligation of both ureters (BUL), whereas PRL levels remained normal in comparably azotemic animals undergoing urine autoinfusion in which glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was maintained. The renal organ clearance of PRL in control rats accounted for two-thirds of its metabolic clearance rate and was consistently less than GFR. Following BUL and BNx the metabolic clearance of PRL decreased predictably also by two-thirds. The importance of the renal parenchyma in the degradation of prolactin was confirmed during perfusion of isolated rat kidneys. Renal PRL handling involves mainly glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption, although uptake from peritubular blood is also demonstrable under the high plasma flow conditions obtaining during in vitro kidney perfusion. We conclude that the hyperprolactinemia associated with acute uremia in the rat is not the consequence of the uremic state per se, but results from impaired renal degradation of the hormone. PMID- 7235019 TI - Pulse wave propagation in rat renal tubules: implications for GFR autoregulation. PMID- 7235021 TI - Electrical control of canine jejunal propulsion. AB - We wondered whether the direction of propagation of intestinal pacesetter potentials determines the direction of movement of intestinal content. In six dogs, electrodes for pacing were implanted near each end of an 80-cm isolated jejunal loop, and a cannula was positioned at the middle of the loop for intraluminal insertion of solids and/or liquids. After recovery and during fasting, 50 nylon spheres (2 mm diam) always emptied from the distal stoma regardless of the direction of pacing. In contrast, 150 mM NaCl, given alone at 2.8 ml/min or with spheres, emptied from the distal stoma during forward pacing and from the proximal stoma during backward pacing. Spheres given with the liquid emptied from the distal stoma during forward pacing, but during backward pacing, the site of emptying varied among dogs. Neither pacing nor spheres altered jejunal interdigestive myoelectric cycles, but the perfusate abolished the cycles and resulted in a noncyclic pattern of jejunal action potentials. We concluded that the direction of pacesetter potential propagation determined the direction of liquid transit. Direction of solid transit depended, in part, on other mechanisms. PMID- 7235020 TI - Electrical effects of acidification in the rabbit proximal convoluted tubule. AB - The electrical characteristics of acidification were examined in isolated rabbit proximal convoluted tubules (PCT). In PCT perfused and bathed with an ultrafiltrate-like solution, the transepithelial potential difference due to active transport (transport PD) averaged -2.4 mV. The transport PD shifted in a negative direction by 1 mV (to -3.4 mV) when carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were added to the bath solution, and in a positive direction by 1.4 mV (to -1.0 mV) when bath sodium bicarbonate concentration was lowered. The positive shift was prevented by addition of either carbonic anhydrase inhibitors or the anion transport inhibitor SITS to the bath. These findings suggested electrogenic acidification. However, when electrogenic sodium transport was inhibited by removal of glucose and alanine from the luminal fluid, a positive PD suggesting electrogenic acidification was not observed. In tubules lacking glucose and alanine in the luminal fluid the rate of total CO2 absorption was 97.2 before and 35.4 pmol.mm-1.min-1 after inhibition of carbonic anhydrase. These findings do not support an independent electronic acidification mechanism. Nonelectrogenic acidification may secondarily after transepithelial PD by changes in transcellular current flow or by changes in paracellular resistance. PMID- 7235022 TI - Effects of autonomic drugs on cat colonic muscle. AB - The cat colon was divided in vitro into four equal segments, and one transverse and one longitudinal strip (1.5 cm x 2.5 mm) was taken from each. Transverse strips contracted rhythmically, each strip generating 0.9-1.2 g force. Longitudinal strips contracted irregularly, each strip generating 11.9-16.8 g force. Acetylcholine (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) and physostigmine (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) increased frequencies in longitudinal (P less than 0.05) but not in transverse strips (P greater than 0.05) and increased amplitudes in both (P less than 0.05). Atropine (10(-8) to 10(-6) M) reduced frequencies and amplitudes in longitudinal strips (P less than 0.05) but only amplitudes in transverse strips (P less than 0.05). Phenylephrine (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) and norepinephrine (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) increased amplitudes in transverse strips (P less than 0.05) but decreased frequencies and amplitudes in longitudinal strips (P less than 0.05). Isoproterenol (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) decreased frequencies an amplitudes in both transverse and longitudinal strips (P less than 0.05). Dopamine (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) decreased amplitudes in longitudinal strips (P less than 0.05). Tetrodotoxin (10(-7) M increased amplitudes in transverse (P less than 0.05) but not in longitudinal strips (P greater than 0.05). Both layers are affected by cholinergic and adrenergic drugs. Muscarinic receptors are excitatory in both. alpha-Adrenergic stimulations result in excitation in circular muscle and inhibition in longitudinal muscle. Circular muscle is dominated by an inhibitory neural tone. PMID- 7235023 TI - Measurement of portal-systemic shunting in the rat by using gamma-labeled microspheres. AB - A method for determining the extent of portal-systemic shunting (PSS) is described and evaluated in lightly anesthetized (ketamine) rats. This method relies on the intrasplenic injection of 15-micrometers gamma-labeled spheres and the subsequent measurement of liver and lung radioactivities. After the splenic injection of the microspheres, a fraction of microspheres shunting the hepatic sinusoidal bed will be entrapped in the lungs. Thus, the ratio, lung/(lung + liver) radioactivities, will indicate the degree of PSS. The percent of PSS was determined in normal (n = 13; 1.2 +/- 0.3%), in cirrhotic (n = 9; 15.0 +/- 4.5%; P less than 0.01), and in portal vein-ligated animals (n = 14; 95.0 +/- 0.9%; P less than 0.001 for normal and cirrhotic). In addition, PSS was sequentially quantitated (n = 3) before (3.0%) and after (89%) partial portal vein ligation. The variability of PSS found in cirrhotic rats (0.7-41.0%) is in agreement with the reported data for PSS in patients. This technique, which is simple, rapid, and reproducible, allows the quantitation of PSS in small laboratory animals. PMID- 7235024 TI - Effect of atropine on pancreatic response to HCl and secretin. AB - In dogs with gastric and pancreatic fistulas, we studied the effect of atropine on the pancreatic secretory response to secretin and intestinal HCl. Atropine sulfate (20 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 iv) significantly depressed basal bicarbonate and protein output. Atropine depressed bicarbonate responses to low doses (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 ng.kg-1.h-1) of secretin but had no significant effect on responses to high doses (1,000 and 2,000 ng.kg-1.h-1). Secretin, with or without atropine, did not stimulate pancreatic protein output above basal. Atropine depressed bicarbonate responses to low loads (3, 6, and 12 mmol.h-1) of HCl but had no significant effect on responses to high loads (12, 24, and 48 mmol.h-1). Intraduodenal HCl produced a dose-dependent increase in protein output. Atropine abolished protein responses to low loads (3 and 6 mmol.h-1) but did not affect responses to high loads (24 and 48 mmol.h-1) of HCl. These findings are compatible with the hypotheses that a) endogenous cholinergic activity augments the pancreatic bicarbonate response to secretin, and b) the pancreatic protein response to intraduodenal HCl is, at least in part, mediated cholinergically. PMID- 7235026 TI - Role of the small intestine and gastric antrum in pancreatic polypeptide release. AB - Gastrointestinal peptides have been proposed to play an important role in the pancreatic polypeptide response to a meal. These studies examine the role of the small intestine and gastric antrum in pancreatic polypeptide release in unanesthetized dogs. Intestinal perfusion with 5% liver extract in seven dogs resulted in a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in serum pancreatic polypeptide concentration (mean delta PP = 35.0 +/- 10.5 pM). Antrectomy without truncal vagotomy in four of these dogs significantly inhibited (P less than 0.05) this response. In five other dogs, antrectomy inhibited the pancreatic polypeptide response to an ingested meat meal by 81.9 +/- 4.5% (P less than 0.01). To further delineate the mechanism by which antrectomy inhibits pancreatic polypeptide release, the pancreatic polypeptide response to a meal was measured in four dogs before and after selective antral denervation. Antral denervation inhibited pancreatic polypeptide release to a degree similar (81.5 +/- 13.4%) to that previously observed after antrectomy. These studies have demonstrated an intestinal phase of pancreatic polypeptide release. They also suggest that antrectomy exerts its inhibitory effect on pancreatic polypeptide release by partially denervating the pancreas. PMID- 7235025 TI - Effects of histamine and histamine antagonists on intestinal capillary permeability. AB - Steady-state lymph flow, blood flow, and lymph and plasma total protein concentration were measured in an autoperfused cat ileum preparation during the continuous infusion of histamine at venous pressures of 0, 10, 20, and 30 mmHg. The capillary osmotic reflection coefficients for total proteins and each protein fraction were estimated. In addition, the ileum was pretreated with an H1 receptor antagonist (diphenhydramine) or with an H2-receptor antagonist (cimetidine). The results suggest that histamine selectively increases the ileal vascular permeability to plasma proteins of a molecular radius up to 96 A. The H1 receptor antagonist did not alter the histamine-induced permeability changes but did block the observed initial vasodilation. The H2-receptor antagonist significantly reduced the permeability changes associated with histamine while having only a slight effect on the initial vasodilation. It is concluded that the activation of H1-receptors is predominantly associated with the initial vasodilation, whereas the H2-receptors are predominantly associated with permeability. PMID- 7235027 TI - Sugar absorption and secretion by winter flounder intestine. AB - Transport of sugars by winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) intestine has been examined, and the following observations have been made. 1) No net absorption of D-galactose was found in controls; however, mucosally applied 0.1 mM phlorizin stimulated the mucosal-serosal flux with net sugar secretion. 2) Net absorption of methyl glycosides was inhibited by D-galactose, 0.1 mM ouabain, and phlorizin (without induction of secretion). 3) Net secretion of 2-deoxy-D galactose was found without cellular accumulation of free sugar. The secretory process had a Km of 10 mM and was inhibited by serosally applied 0.1 mM phloretin, bilateral replacement of Ringer Na+ by choline, serosal ouabain, and D galactose. 4) No net absorption or secretion of 2-deoxy-D-glucose was found with a variety of experimental conditions. 5) At least two active transport systems for sugars appear to be operative in the flounder intestine: a conventional Na+ dependent sugar transport system across the brush border that allows net absorption and a Na+-dependent secretory system that apparently also operates across the mucosal border. Because D-galactose is transported by both systems, there is no net flux of this sugar. Several possible models for the net secretory system are discussed. PMID- 7235028 TI - Cardiovascular and body fluid changes after aortic baroreceptor deafferentation. AB - These experiments were performed to determine the role of fluid volume contraction in the compensatory cardiovascular response to an abrupt neurogenically mediated increase in systemic arterial blood pressure. Acute neurogenic hypertension was produced by selective aortic baroreceptor deafferentation (ABD) in the rat. Salt and water balance, fluid compartment volumes, and arterial pressure were measured before and for 5 days after the induction of hypertension by ABD. In rats with ABD, arterial pressure was increased approximately 30 mmHg 1 day after deafferentation and declined 15-20 mmHg over the next 4 days. Plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume were decreased 5 days after ABD. Urine output did not increase after ABD, and the fluid volume contraction was instead the result of a significant decrease in water intake. Sham-operated rats did not exhibit significant changes in any of these parameters. Sodium balance decreased slightly in both sham-operated and ABD rats postsurgery. These results confirm that fluid volume contraction is a prominent compensatory response to an abrupt rise in arterial pressure, but suggest that this compensation is not necessarily mediated through alterations in renal salt and water excretion. PMID- 7235029 TI - Ca2+ sensitivity change and troponin loss in cardiac natural actomyosin after coronary occlusion. AB - Ca2+ sensitivity of natural actomyosin (NAM) isolated from both the intact left ventricular free wall and an area of myocardial infarction (MI) was analyzed by use of superprecipitation response from 2 to 48 h after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in the dog. NAM from the intact tissue showed normal superprecipitation and normal Ca2+ sensitivity. Four hours after coronary ligation, Ca2+ sensitivity was lowered only in the endocardial half of MI region; it was markedly decreased both in the epicardial and endocardial halves at 6 h and completely lost at 24 and 48 h. A superprecipitation response was, however, demonstrated in all samples, indicating that both myosin and actin preserved their functions in the course of MI. With polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, NAM from the MI region revealed moderate decrease of the tropomyosin-binding subunit of troponin(TN-T) and the Ca2+-binding subunit of troponin(TN-C) and drastic decrease of the inhibitory subunit of troponin(TN-I). This resulted in the formation of extra bands of low molecular weights. These results suggest that degradation of troponin subunits occurs relatively early (4 h after coronary artery occlusion) and from the endocardial half of MI region. This degradation may be caused by one or several proteases that preferentially degrade the regulatory proteins among myofibrillar proteins. PMID- 7235030 TI - Dependency of myocardial reactive hyperemia on coronary artery pressure in the dog. AB - We studied the effects of coronary artery pressure on myocardial reactive hyperemia following brief flow arrests in 20 closed-chest anesthetized dogs. The circumflex artery was perfused from a pressurized arterial reservoir with a cannula inserted through the right carotid artery. Increasing coronary pressure from 60 to 160 mmHg did not alter heart rate, systemic pressure, or left ventricular dP/dtmax. For 10-s inflow occlusions, 20-mmHg increments in coronary pressure from 40 to 160 mmHg resulted in proportional increases in peak hyperemic flow [40 +/- 4 to 257 +/- 18 (SE) ml/min], total hyperemic flow (2 +/- 1 to 42 +/ 4 ml), and the duration of hyperemic flow (9 +/- 2 to 37 +/- 3 s). These results were unchanged when preocclusion pressure was held constant and postocclusion pressure varied. The influence of coronary artery pressure on hyperemic flow was progressively less pronounced after occlusions of shorter duration. These data indicate that coronary artery pressure has a major influence on the characteristics of myocardial reactive hyperemia after brief periods of arterial flow arrest. The observed pressure dependency suggests that coronary reactive hyperemia may be, in part, a passive flow response that could be explained by a transient depression of the normal vascular reactivity to postocclusion pressure. A passive component to reactive hyperemia could account for the overrepayment of bloow flow debt characteristically observed in the heart. PMID- 7235031 TI - Baroreceptor output during normal and obstructed breathing and Mueller maneuvers. AB - Cardiovascular control during asthma and other forms of obstructed breathing has not been extensively investigated. Previous studies in dogs have shown that obstructed breathing or an inspiratory effort against a blocked airway (Mueller maneuver) provoke large oscillations in blood pressure. During the inspiratory phase transmural systolic pressure relative to atmosphere drops initially, but transmural systolic pressure relative to intrathoracic pressure can remain unchanged or even increase. Because the carotid baroreceptors are located in the extrathoracic circulation, whereas the aortic baroreceptors are located in the intrathoracic circulation, and each responds to local transmural arterial pressure, simultaneous baroreceptor output from these two areas was measured in the anesthetized cat during normal and obstructed breathing and during Mueller maneuvers. Both whole-nerve and single-fiber preparations showed a significantly decreased output from the carotid baroreceptors during obstructed inspiratory efforts, whereas aortic baroreceptor output decreased significantly less or not at all. Transmural systolic pressure decreased significantly less in the aorta than in the carotid regions. Further, the aortic baroreceptors were more sensitive to changes in pulse pressure than were the carotid baroreceptors. These results suggest a mechanism for stabilizing the cardiac responses to precipitous falls in blood pressure that occur in obstructed breathing. PMID- 7235032 TI - Inhibitory effect of anoxia on reperfusion- and digitalis-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias. AB - In the isolated rat heart, anoxia or ischemia do not induce important ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTAs). During the 1st min of reperfusion, VTAs are frequent. The frequency and severity of VTAs during reperfusion depend on the duration and the extent of the myocardial damage. Anoxia abolishes reperfusion-induced VTAs as did verapamil (2.5 X 10(-6) M). In isolated guinea pig hearts, beta-methyldigoxin (1.27 X 10(-6) M) provokes VTAs that are progressively increasing in severity. After 26 min of perfusion with an oxygenated beta-methyldigoxin-containing medium, all isolated guinea pig hearts develop ventricular fibrillation. By changing the abnormal rapid ventricular rhythms into progressively slower irregular idioventricular rhythm, anoxia counteracts all types of VTAs exhibited by the intoxicated guinea pig hearts. In conclusion, two conditions seem to be necessary for the development of VTAs during the reperfusion: 1) a sufficient degree of myocardial damage provoked by the preceding ischemic perfusion, and 2) the presence of oxygen during the reperfusion. PMID- 7235033 TI - Effects of prostaglandin D2 on perinatal circulation. AB - Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a powerful antiaggregatory agent and contracts various types of smooth muscle preparations, including isolated canine and bovine pulmonary vessels. Pulmonary vascular responses of anesthetized fetal and adult goats and newborn lambs to PGD2 were evaluated in situ by means of an isolated perfused lower left lobe preparation. These experiments indicate that PGD2 is a pulmonary vasodilator in fetal goats, both a pulmonary vasodilator and vasoconstrictor in newborn lambs depending on the dose used, and a pulmonary vasoconstrictor in adult goats. Evidence is presented of an age-related change in pulmonary vascular response to prostaglandins. The responses of the pulmonary vasculature are dose dependent; however, there is not a significant dose dependent relationship for systemic arterial pressure or heart rate with intrapulmonary infusions of PGD2. The inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis potentiates the pulmonary response to PGD2 in fetal goats. In contrast with other prostaglandins, PGI2, PGE2, and PGE1, which dilate both the fetal pulmonary and systemic circulations, PGD2 has minimal action on the systemic circulation over a wide range of doses. PMID- 7235034 TI - Oxygen fields in specific spinal loci of the canine spinal cord. AB - Oxygen tension (PO2) measurements were made in the dog spinal cord with a small recessed-tip oxygen microelectrode. The use of vibration and specific marking techniques has allowed the elimination of tissue compression artifacts and the mapping of regional PO2 in the thoracic spinal cord. A symmetrical distribution of PO2 values can be shown for the lateral white funiculi; the gray matter and dorsal columns have multimodal distributions. Statistical evaluation showed all these areas to have different PO2 profiles; PO2 values (mmHg) were 61.2 +/- 12.4 for the lateral white funiculi, 55.3 +/- 19.0 for the dorsal columns, and 30.0 +/ 13.6 in spinal gray. The relatively normal distribution patterns of these oxygen tensions indicate that traditional statistical methods may be used to compare and evaluate oxygen diffusion fields in the adult spinal cord. PMID- 7235035 TI - Pharmacologic- vs. ischemia-induced coronary artery vasodilation. AB - Responses of total coronary and regional myocardial blood flow to ischemia- or drug-induced coronary artery vasodilation were studied in open-chest anesthetized dogs. Systolic, diastolic, and mean coronary blood flow after addition of chromonar (8 mg/kg iv), adenosine triphosphate (400 micrograms/min intracoronary), or adenosine (500 micrograms/min intracoronary) exceeded the respective flow at the peak of reactive hyperemia (90-s occlusion period). Whereas the regional distribution of total coronary flow favored the subendocardium of the left ventricle during reactive hyperemia, flow was preferentially distributed to subepicardium during drug-induced maximal coronary artery vasodilation. These results were independent of type of anesthesia, vasodilator agent, or degree of autonomic innervation. These data indicate that total coronary vasodilator reserve is greater than that observed at the peak of reactive hyperemia and that there is a transmural gradient of vasodilator reserve within the left ventricle. A greater regional vasodilator reserve is present in subepicardial than in subendocardial layers. PMID- 7235036 TI - Effect of adenosine and dipyridamole on cerebral blood flow. AB - The purpose of these experiments was to determine whether infusions of adenosine and of dipyridamole, which raise levels of endogenous adenosine, increase cerebral blood flow (CBF). In anesthetized dogs and cats, intracarotid infusions of adenosine increased blood flow to cranial muscle but did not alter CBF (measured with microspheres). Anatomical limitations may prevent satisfactory examination of cerebral vascular responsiveness during intracarotid infusion of vasodilator drugs in these species. In anesthetized rabbits, infusion of adenosine 10 microM/min in the carotid artery produced a 2-fold increase in CBF. Infusion of dipyridamole 20 microM/min increased CBF 2.7-fold. Dipyridamole produced a small decrease in cerebral oxygen consumption, which indicates that the vasodilator effect of the drug is not an indirect effect secondary to increased metabolism. These data indicate that exogenous and endogenous adenosine increase CBF in rabbits. PMID- 7235037 TI - Role of vasa vasorum in nourishment of the aortic wall. AB - Vasa vasorum are present in the middle and outer layers of media in the thoracic aorta of dogs and humans. To examine the role of vasa vasorum in nourishment of the aorta, we ligated four contiguous pairs of intercostal arteries in anesthetized dogs. These arteries are the source of vasa to the descending aorta but not the aortic arch. Blood flow through vasa vasorum was measured with microspheres. Acute intercostal ligation did not reduce conductance in the aortic arch but reduced conductance in the middle third of the descending aorta from 7 +/- 1 to 3 +/- 0.7 (SE) ml.min-1.100 g-1.mmHg-1 (P less than 0.05). After intercostal ligation, infusion of adenosine (5 mumol.kg-1.min-1 iv) increased conductance in the aortic arch 3- to 4-fold but did not increase conductance in the descending aorta. Six to ten days after intercostal ligation, conductance in the middle third of the descending aorta remained low. Vasodilator capacity was partially restored in outer layers of the descending aorta, probably by collateral vessels or formation of new vessels. Morphological changes ranged from broad bands of necrosis to patchy areas of cell loss, primarily in middle layers of descending aorta. We conclude that vasa vasorum are critical in nourishment of aortic media. PMID- 7235038 TI - Abnormalities in baroreflex control of heart rate in canine heart failure. AB - The mechanism of the attenuated arterial baroreceptor control of heart rate in heart failure was studied in 18 unanesthetized dogs after the development of chronic right-heart failure and compared to 12 control animals. The change in heart rate and arterial pressure in response to increases in right carotid sinus pressure during isolated carotid sinus perfusion was markedly reduced in heart failure (P less than 0.05). After vagotomy the difference in heart rate responses persisted, but was less pronounced (P = 0.065). The chronotropic response to perfusion of the sinus node artery with acetylcholine in heart-failure dogs showed a selectively depressed response, when compared to norepinephrine and hypertonic saline. The ratio of the change in heart rate in heart-failure vs. control dogs was 57% for acetylcholine but was not diminished for hypertonic saline (114%). The effect of direct vagal nerve stimulation on changes in heart rate was also markedly reduced in heart-failure dogs. These studies demonstrate that the alterations in baroreceptor control of heart rate in heart failure involve both the parasympathetic and sympathetic baroreflex efferent limbs. There is, in addition, a depressed responsiveness of the sinus node to cholinergic stimuli. PMID- 7235039 TI - Glutathione peroxidase, selenium, and prostaglandin synthesis in platelets. AB - Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) contains 4 selenium atoms/molecule; its activity is increased by selenium dietary intake. The enzyme destroys H2O2 and organic hydroperoxides, contributing to the integrity of biological membranes. GSH-Px activity increased (+100%) in washed platelets of rats administered selenium (0.3 ppm given as sodium selenite) for 60 days from 10.44 +/- 1.10 U/g protein (control rats fed a standard diet) to 20.50 +/- 1.21 U/g protein (mean +/- SE; P less than 0.001). GSH-Px in washed erythrocytes was also stimulated (+70%) after 80 days of selenium dietary intake from 11.60 +/0 0.82 U/g Hb to 19.74 +/- 0.94 U/g Hb (P less than 0.001). Malondialdehyde (MDA), the typical breakdown product of peroxidized lipid and a suitable indicator of platelet prostaglandin production, increased from 0.343 +/- 0.035 nM/3 X 10(8) platelets (control) to 0.478 +/- 0.052 nM/3 X 10(8) platelets after 30 days of selenium treatment (P less than 0.05) and to 0.527 +/- 0.051 nM/3 X 10(8) platelets after 80 days (P less than 0.01). MDA was measured by the thiobarbituric acid method after stimulation with 25 X 10(-4) M arachidonic acid. It is concluded that platelets are very rich in GSH-Px, i.e., activity is greatly increased by oral administration of selenium and that the synthesis of prostaglandins is stimulated too. PMID- 7235040 TI - Blood flow and high-energy phosphates in microregions of left ventricular subendocardium. AB - Blood flow and high-energy phosphate (HEP) content were determined simultaneously in multiple microregions of left ventricular subendocardium in 29 normal anesthetized open-chest rabbits by use of a new micromethod to determine whether a direct linear relationship existed between these parameters. Tissue samples weighed 1-2 mg. ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) content were quantitated in quick frozen hearts by fluorometry at sites where tissue perfusion was measured by H2 clearance by use of bare-tipped platinum electrodes. A series of validation studies were conducted to ensure that 1) no significant damage to the tissue surrounding the electrode occurred during the period of experimentation and 2) no significant loss of biochemical constituents had occurred due to labile processes during freezing or storage of the tissue. Blood flow, ATP, and CP values averaged 79.1 +/- 24.1 (SD) ml.min-1.100 g-1, 4.9 +/- 1.3 mumol/g tissue, and 8.0 +/- 3.0 mumol/g tissue, respectively, and are similar to those reported in studies using larger tissue samples. Correlation between the heterogeneous distribution of tissue perfusion and HEP revealed no direct linear relationship between these parameters in the normal unstressed rabbit subendocardium. PMID- 7235041 TI - Restoration of cardiac function and myocardial flow by collateral development in dogs. AB - Hemodynamics of instrumented beagles with 75-85% stenoses of the left circumflex (LCf) coronary artery were evaluated before and during transient LCf balloon occlusion at rest and during treadmill running. Studies were done after surgery and 3 mo later. Myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres during the LCf occlusions. Nine dogs (group I) had patent LCf arteries at the second study, and six (group II) had occluded vessels. Transient LCf occlusion during running in group I at weeks 1 and 12 and in group II at week 1 caused significant left ventricular failure, whereas the same protocol in group II dogs at week 12 produced minimal hemodynamic changes. Left ventricular failure precipitated by coronary occlusion during exercise diminished from week 1-12 in those animals with increasing LCf collateral flow, but actually increased in the animals with diminishing collateral flow. In group II dogs after chronic LCf occlusion total flow to LCf myocardium as well as inner-to-outer layer ratios were normal both at rest and during exercise. Thus coronary collaterals do preserve myocardial function, limit adverse hemodynamic responses to myocardial ischemia, and restore postocclusion tissue flows to normal even during the stress of exercise. PMID- 7235042 TI - Optimized blood sampling protocols and sequential design of kinetic experiments. AB - Design of optimal blood sampling protocols for kinetic experiments is discussed and evaluated, with the aid of several examples--including an endocrine system case study. The criterion of optimality is maximum accuracy of kinetic model parameter estimates. A simple example illustrates why a sequential experiment approach is required; optimal designs depend on the true model parameter values, knowledge of which is usually a primary objective of the experiment, as well as the structure of the model and the measurement error (e.g., assay) variance. The methodology is evaluated from the results of a series of experiments designed to quantify the dynamics of distribution and metabolism of three iodothyronines, T3, T4, and reverse-T3. This analysis indicates that 1) the sequential optimal experiment approach can be effective and efficient in the laboratory, 2) it works in the presence of reasonably controlled biological variation, producing sufficiently robust sampling protocols, and 3) optimal designs can be highly efficient designs in practice, requiring for maximum accuracy a number of blood samples equal to the number of independently adjustable model parameters, no more or less. PMID- 7235043 TI - A modeling study of the effect of fasting on bilirubin kinetics in Gilbert's syndrome. AB - The mechanism of fasting hyperbilirubinemia (FH) is not fully understood. We investigated basal bilirubin kinetics in 20 Gilbert's patients and in 7 healthy volunteers. The study was repeated in seven of these Gilbert's patients after 48 h fasting. A two-compartment model proved to be adequate for interpreting crystalline bilirubin kinetics in these individuals. The parameters of bilirubin kinetics were estimated by employing a maximum likelihood parameter estimation technique. Consistency of the model and uniqueness of the estimated parameter values (from the covariance matrix) were shown. Our results confirmed previous observations regarding impaired bilirubin kinetics in Gilbert's patients as compared to controls. The main results obtained from kinetic studies in Gilbert's patients after fasting were i) no modification in the bilirubin clearance, and ii) a more than twice increase of bilirubin turnover. These data indicate that FH is related to an increased bilirubin production (mainly intrahepatic). Furthermore, evidence arises from this study that the bilirubin tolerance test is a useful diagnostic test for Gilbert's syndrome. PMID- 7235044 TI - Plasma iron, copper, and zinc in lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis: effects of bacteria injection. AB - The effects of inoculation of desert iguanas (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) with heat killed Aeromonas hydrophila on the plasma concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc, and the total iron-binding capacity have been determined. Plasma iron concentration and total iron-binding capacity fell significantly in inoculated lizards maintained at temperatures corresponding to those selected during fever. Plasma copper concentration did not change in response to inoculation (as determined at 24 h postinjection). Plasma zinc concentration fell in inoculated lizards regardless of whether the lizards were maintained at temperatures corresponding to those selected by afebrile or febrile lizards. There were no effects of varying the zinc concentration (corresponding to those observed in noninfected lizards, infected lizards, or at subnormal levels) on the in vitro growth rate of A. hydrophila. We hypothesize that the reduction in plasma zinc observed in infected mammals, and now in infected lizards, may have an effect (perhaps by some indirect pathway) on the in vivo growth rate of A. hydrophila. PMID- 7235045 TI - Characterization of angiotensin pressor responses in the turtle Pseudemys scripta. AB - Studies were conducted in turtles (Pseudemys scripta) to characterize vascular responses to administration of exogenous angiotensin [Asp1-Ile5]angiotensin II (AII). Marked pressor responses were present following AII administration (2 microgram/kg iv). The pressor response was completely blocked by concomitant administration of an analogue of AII, [Sar1-Ile8]AII. Both alpha-receptor blockade with phenoxybenzamine or catecholamine depletion by reserpine administration reduced the pressor response approximately 50%. Further treatment with [Sar1-Ile8]AII completely blocked the AII pressor response. We conclude that the pressor response to AII in this species that represents an ancient group of reptiles includes a catecholamine-dependent component and direct vascular receptors, both of which are sensitive to AII. PMID- 7235046 TI - Thoracic duct lymph flow and protein flux dynamics: responses to intravascular saline. AB - Fluid and protein flux responses in the left thoracic duct and vasculature were measured in pentobarbital-anesthetized, nephrectomized, adult dogs before and after four successive intravascular saline infusions of 2% of body weight each. We found three main characteristics of the thoracic lymph flow and protein flux responses to the intravenous saline: 1) lymph flow reached a peak and then decreased by approximately 40% after each infusion; 2) the maximum lymph flow occurred 5-7 min after terminating each infusion; and 3) the lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio fell more than may be expected from the distribution of the infused saline. We were unable to explain these experimental data with a simple two-compartment mathematical model representing the vascular and interstitial spaces. To adequately explain the data, the model had to be expanded to four compartments representing a vascular compartment, two interstitial compartments each with different capillary protein permeabilities, and a lymphatic compartment. We also found it necessary to include interstitial stress relaxation, a nonlinear function curve for lymph flow versus interstitial fluid pressure, and a complaint lymphatic system. PMID- 7235047 TI - Sodium metabolism during acclimation to water restriction by wild mice, Mus musculus. AB - Changes in sodium and potassium balance and urinary aldosterone excretion (free plus "acid labile") were surveyed in house mice acclimating initially to 1/2 the ad libitum water ration and later to 1/4 of ad libitum. Each water restriction caused negative sodium and potassium balance, followed by conservation of both ions. At the first water restriction, negative balance was produced by natriuresis and kaliuresis, at successive water restriction, a negative balance was due to a decrease in food consumption. Aldosterone excretion doubled at the 1/2 ad libitum restriction, and then generally remained at control levels thereafter. Fractional intestinal absorption of both ions showed a persistent increase after the 3rd day of water restriction. The Na:K ratio in urine and feces declined as mice responded to each water restriction and returned to control levels in acclimated animals. PMID- 7235048 TI - Subcutaneous interstitial fluid pressure during external loading. AB - Interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) distribution generated as a result of externally applied pressure (EAP) may play an important role in the etiology of decubitus ulcers. In the forelimbs of 10 thiopental sodium-anesthetized Yorkshire pigs, weighing 16-20 kg, we placed wick catheters 2-5 mm below the skin. After equilibration, we applied a pediatric cuff and added EAP. With zero EAP, the IFP was -3.9 +/- 1.4 (SD) mmHg. In each case of EAP, IFP as measured with the wick catheter increased and reached a plateau within 10-15 min. In normal tissues, IFP reached approximately 65-75% of EAP. When we created an edematous condition by preinfusing with excess saline, IFP was found to reach 100% of EAP. The total normal stress in the tissue, generated as a result of external cuff pressure, can be considered as a sum of interstitial fluid pressure and extranormal stress. Integrity of the fibrous network and pore fraction may be important in transmitting pressure to the fluid. PMID- 7235049 TI - Brain stem neuronal types with activity patterns related to sympathetic nerve discharge. AB - The relationships among the spontaneous activity of single neurons in the cat medulla and inferior cardiac sympathetic nerve discharge (SND), electroencephalogram (EEG) activity, phrenic nerve activity, and the R wave of the electrocardiogram were studied with the methods of spike-triggered averaging and postevent interval analysis. Three categories of neurons (SR, SE, and S) with activity patterns related to SND wee identified. The activity of SR units was related in time to SND and the R wave but not to EEG activity. SE unit discharges were related to SND and EEG activity but not to the R wave. S unit activity was related only to SND. Each of the three categories of neurons could be subdivided into two groups depending on whether their discharges were followed by an increase or a decrease in SND. All unit types exhibited respiratory-related discharge patterns. These data are discussed with regard to the problems associated with the identification of neurons in brain stem networks that govern the discharges of sympathetic nerves. PMID- 7235050 TI - Sympathetic-related activity of brain stem neurons in baroreceptor-denervated cats. AB - A search was initiated in baroreceptor-denervated cats for brain stem neurons with activity patterns related to inferior cardiac sympathetic nerve discharge (SND). Neurons whose spontaneous discharges were followed by increases or decreases in SND fell into two categories. S unit discharges were related to SND but not electroencephalogram (EEG) activity. The activity of SE units was related to SND and EEG activity. The anatomic distribution of S and SE units was similar to that previously reported [Barman and Gebber, Am J. Physiol. 240 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 9): R335-R347, 1981] for units with activity patterns related to SND in baroreceptor-innervated cats. Autocorrelograms of S unit discharges and SND contained the same rhythm (2-6 cycles/s). This rhythm was different from that contained in SE unit discharges and EEG activity in experiments in which SND and cortical activity were not related. In other experiments, sympathetic nerve and cortical rhythms were locked to each other. SE units but no S neurons were located in these cats, and the rhythm contained within the autocorrelograms of their discharges was the same as that observed in SND and EEG activity. A model of brain stem networks, which govern the discharges of sympathetic nerve, is presented on the basis of these data. PMID- 7235051 TI - Regulations of intakes: clearances. AB - 1) Intakes of substances (oxygen, food) are related to availability or concentration of the substance that is being taken from the environment. This removal accords with dimensions of clearance. 2) Intakes from limited sources, as gut or pocket, also vary with the concentrations there. 3) Reabsorptions of selected substances during excretion are intakes into body. 4) Intakes respond to bodily deficits of materials (water, sodium, heat). Wherever plasma or other concentrations are measured, intake clearances may be computed. These four relations allow quantitative comparisons of the mechanisms and regulations for transport of various substances into body or cells. Kinetic "constants" can be estimated. PMID- 7235052 TI - Exchange diffusion, active transport, and diffusional components of transbranchial Na and cl fluxes. AB - Sodium efflux across the gills of the sculpin Leptocottus armatus average about 900 mumol.100 g-1.h-1 in seawater (SW). When external Na+ was replaced by Tris [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane] the efflux dropped about 35% and the voltage across the gill (TEP) decreased from +20.3 to -2.3 mV. The electrical change accounted, almost exactly, for the diminution of efflux, suggesting that most, if not all, of the Na+ efflux in this fish is diffusive. Chloride efflux in SW was about 300 mumol.100 g-1.h-1. When external Cl- was replaced by gluconate, efflux fell to about one-half the SW value. This could not be due to a change in TEP and is therefore attributed to exchange diffusion. Injection of thiocyanate further reduced the efflux to about 15% of the SW rate. This fraction of the total efflux is active extrusion. The remaining efflux (exchange and active transport eliminated) is diffusive. It is also shown that substitution of gluconate for chloride reduces the activity coefficient for Na+. A small decrease in TEP, noted in this substitution, can be explained by the activity change. A few experiments with isethionate suggest that it does not have this effect and hence is a better chloride substitute in single-ion replacement experiments. PMID- 7235053 TI - Optimal control evaluation of left ventricular systolic dynamics. AB - A model of the contracting left ventricle was developed, in which the left ventricle was represented as a time-varying compliance. The vascular load included the nonlinear (Bernoulli) resistance of the aortic valve, blood inertance, and a Windkessel model of the arterial tree. Owing to the obligatory aerobic nature of the heart, oxygen consumption can be used to characterize the energy utilized by the myocardium. An adaptive control law was developed for determining the systolic time course of ventricular pressure and volume that minimizes cardiac oxygen consumption. Three main determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption were included in the integral criterion function: developed wall tension, inotropic state, and external (mechanical) work. The optimal control problem was solved using the Pontryagin maximum principle. The model could predict, in good agreement with experimentally obtained data, systolic time course of ventricular pressure and volume, as well as directional changes in the duration of isovolumic contraction and ejection phase under various conditions of end-diastolic volume, mean aortic pressure, and inotropic state. PMID- 7235055 TI - Aortic wavelength as a determinant of the relationship between heart rate and body size in mammals. PMID- 7235054 TI - A new method for long-term monitoring of the ballistocardiogram, heart rate, and respiration. AB - The principle of the static charge-sensitive-bed (SCSB) method is described. The method is simple and inexpensive. From the SCSB recording the ballistocardiogram (BCG) and respiratory movement can be simultaneously recorded by selective filtering of the original signal. The SCSB recording thus enables continuous long term monitoring of the BCG, heart rate, respiratory rate, respiratory amplitude, and body movements. There are no electrodes or cables connected to the subject. The SCSB-BCG signal was studied by comparing the SCSB method with the conventional ultralow-frequency (ULF) acceleration BCG. The wave forms at rest and the amplitude responses to physical exercise were studied by both methods. Multiple recordings of the BCG, heart rate, respiratory movement, respiratory rate, and body movements after exercise and during sleep using the SCSB method are presented. The SCSB method opens new approaches to long-term studies of the regulation of myocardial performance, heart rate, and respiration. Applications of the SCSB method for clinical sleep studies, patient monitoring and cardiovascular screening examinations are discussed. PMID- 7235056 TI - A profile of ACT recipients in New York State during 1972 and 1977. AB - The authors report data on the social and clinical characteristics of patients who received ECT in public or private psychiatric facilities in New York State during 1972 and 1977. The findings indicate that the predominant use of ECT is in the private psychiatric sector and that, in both private and public facilities, it is administered primarily to white, middle-aged women with depressive conditions. PMID- 7235057 TI - Trends in emergency psychiatry in the last two decades. AB - Emergency psychiatric services provide essential care. Their utilization may also be assumed to reflect the health care needs of a population. The authors observed trends in an emergency psychiatric service over a 17-year period by comparing 400 randomly selected patient visits in 1977 with date from 1960 and 1970. They found a decrease in the number of patients seeking treatment, decreased patient age and socioeconomic status, increased use by men, increased night visits, little change in diagnostic categories, and a striking increase in hospitalization since 1970. These data support the importance of assessing trends in emergency psychiatric services over time to ensure that they meet the needs of the population being served. PMID- 7235059 TI - Testing psychiatric knowledge with in-house examinations. AB - Formal assessment during psychiatric training is becoming more common, not only to evaluate trainees but also to meet demands for educational and fiscal accountability. National norm-referenced tests such as the new psychiatry in training examination may not meet the needs of many residency programs. The authors describe an alternate approach: an in-house test of psychiatric knowledge. The importance of educational objectives, test specifications, piloting the test, and item analyses is emphasized. The process is time consuming, and the authors examine the advantages of this approach in terms of its costs. PMID- 7235058 TI - Unrecognized physical illness prompting psychiatric admission: a prospective study. AB - The authors studied 100 state hospital psychiatric patients consecutively admitted to a research ward who were screened to eliminate physical illness before admission. They found an unusually high incidence of medical illness: 46% of these patients had an unrecognized medical illness that either caused or exacerbated their psychiatric illness, 80% had physical illnesses requiring treatment, and 4% had precancerous conditions or illnesses. A workup consisting of psychiatric and physical examination, SMA-34, urinalysis, ECG, and EEG after sleep deprivation identified over 90% of medical illnesses present in this population. The authors suggest that such a battery be part of the routine workup for all hospitalized psychiatric patients. PMID- 7235060 TI - The ethics of antiandrogen therapy. PMID- 7235061 TI - Withdrawal symptoms after graduated cessation of imipramine in children. AB - In a systematic retrospective study the authors reviewed charts of 22 depressed children on a clinical research unit who were withdrawn from high-dose imipramine. Significant withdrawal symptoms were found over seven symptom categories despite an average tapering period of 6.4 days. These results suggest that withdrawal symptoms in children may be much more prevalent and intense than previously recognized. PMID- 7235062 TI - Abnormalities of dexamethasone suppression test and urinary MHPG in anorexia nervosa. AB - Twenty-two patients with primary anorexia nervosa were assessed on variables of weight, mood, dexamethasone suppression test, and 24-hour urinary MHPG levels. Patients at less than 80% of their ideal weight had abnormally high cortisol levels after the test and low MHPG levels, regardless of their mood. The authors hypothesize that these abnormalities are not due to depression associated with anorexia nervosa and that decreased norepinephrine metabolism may be related to this illness. PMID- 7235063 TI - Manic-depressive illness among poor urban blacks. AB - In psychiatric epidemiology it has generally been accepted that manic-depressive illness rarely occurs among blacks and lower socioeconomic groups. The authors conducted a retrospective study to examine the frequency of manic-depressive illness among lower income urban blacks admitted to an acute psychiatric inpatient unit of an urban hospital. The medical records of a random sample of 117 black psychiatric patients were reviewed for determination of manic depressive illness as well as socioeconomic characteristics. Eighteen subjects (15%) were diagnosed as manic-depressive. The authors present possible explanations for this finding and the ramifications for future investigations. PMID- 7235064 TI - Importance of schizophrenic symptoms in the diagnosis of mania. AB - The authors examined a sample of 111 consecutively admitted patients who satisfied inclusion criteria for mania and further characterized them as exhibiting none, one, or two or more of five clinical features often believed to be associated with a diagnosis of schizophrenia: formal thought disorder, first rank symptoms, auditory hallucinations, persecutory delusions, and catatonia. The presence and number of such symptoms were unrelated to any of the major demographic, clinical, historical, laboratory, or familial variables studied. The authors conclude that schizophrenic symptoms do not play an important role in patients who satisfy modern criteria for the diagnosis of mania. PMID- 7235066 TI - Preliminary findings on psychiatric patients as research participants: a population at risk? AB - To determine whether hospitalized mentally ill patients expose themselves to research with high risks more often than hospitalized nonpsychiatric patients, the authors asked patients from both groups if they would be willing to participate in a series of hypothetical research studies. The mentally ill patients did not agree to participate in studies of either high or low risk more frequently than nonpsychiatric patients. Both groups tended to agree to low risk/high-benefit studies more often than high-risk/low-benefit studies. Although Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores clearly differentiated between psychiatric and nonpsychiatric patients, psychopathology did not correlate with willingness to participate in any of the studies. PMID- 7235065 TI - Dialysis for schizophrenia: an uncontrolled study of 11 patients. AB - The authors evaluated hemodialysis as a treatment for schizophrenia in an uncontrolled study of 11 patients. Eight men and two women with chronic schizophrenia who had responded poorly to conventional treatments or who had sought alternate treatments received three dialyses weekly for 3 weeks; 1 additional subject dropped out after eight treatments. MMPI, Psychiatric Status Scale, and Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale scores were obtained before, immediately following, and at intervals after the nine treatments. Preliminary results, including 1-month follow-up, suggest that subjects with pretreatment anxiety and depression improved. No endorphins were discovered in the dialysate. PMID- 7235067 TI - Underdiagnosis of manic-depressive illness in a hospital unit. PMID- 7235068 TI - Blockade by imipramine or desipramine of panic induced by sodium lactate. PMID- 7235069 TI - Geographic reinforcement of the incest taboo: three case vignettes. PMID- 7235070 TI - Ejaculatory incompetence in Chinese men. PMID- 7235071 TI - Recurrent abdominal pain in children and associated DSM-III diagnosis. PMID- 7235072 TI - Recidivism in different patients: differences between community mental health center and state hospital admissions. PMID- 7235073 TI - Concurrent validation of a diagnostic interview for borderline patients. PMID- 7235074 TI - Case report of unusual diazepam abstinence syndrome. PMID- 7235076 TI - Depression, dementia, and dexamethasone suppression. PMID- 7235075 TI - Clonidine therapy and meperidine withdrawal. PMID- 7235077 TI - Is multiple-monitored ECT safe? PMID- 7235078 TI - The medically ill elderly, tricyclic response, and ECT. PMID- 7235079 TI - Memory for faces: testing method, encoding strategy, and confidence. AB - Signal detection theory predicts a square root 2 recognition memory performance advantage for the two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) procedure over the yes-no (YN) procedure. In auditory psychophysics this advantage has been related to greater demands on memory in the YN task. The present experiment tested this prediction by assessing face-recognition accuracy and confidence in 72 college student subjects. Testing method (2AFC or YN) and encoding instructions (standard, overall gestalt, or distinctive feature scan) were varied, the latter in an effort to vary trace strength to see whether stronger traces would yield a lesser 2AFC advantage. A 1-week retention test revealed an overall 2AFC advantage of 1.61 and superiority of gestalt and feature-scan instructions over standard ones. While confidence and accuracy were related both within and across subjects, 2AFC subjects were significantly more confident than YN ones. Intriguingly, more efficient encodings resulted in a greater, rather than a lesser 2AFC advantage. PMID- 7235080 TI - Effects of stimulus contact on the feature-positive effect. AB - Fourteen pigeons were taught to discriminate displays differentiated by the presence or absence of a distinctive feature. Feature-positive (FP) birds were reinforced for responses to displays containing the feature, while feature negative (FN) birds were reinforced for responses to displays containing only the elements common to both stimulus displays. Both control and experimental birds were required to respond to a spatially separate operant key, while experimental animals were also required to contact the individual elements of the display. A planned comparisons test indicated that FP performance was superior to FN performance only for the control animals. No difference was found between the performance of the experimental FP and FN birds. Consideration of the elements of the display toward which the FN birds orient was offered as an explanation of these results. PMID- 7235081 TI - Length judgments in modified Mueller-Lyer figures. AB - In two experiments, subjects made line length matches and relative line length comparisons of a transverse line perpendicularly intersecting the midpoints of the center shafts of the Mueller-Lyer figures. The results indicated that the illusion of transverse line length occurs in a direction opposite to the illusion of shaft length; findings suggesting an asymmetry in the distortion of the space across the Mueller-Lyer figures were thus confirmed. The possible contribution of framing effects induced by the fins of the Mueller-Lyer figures in determining the illusion of transverse line length is discussed. PMID- 7235082 TI - Within-race and between-race recognition of transformed and untransformed faces. AB - Numerous studies have shown that people from one racial group experience difficulties in remembering the faces of people from other racial groups. Two experiments are reported that explore the phenomenon more fully by examining subjects' ability to recognize faces transformed slightly in pose between study and test. Published work shows that white subjects can recognize such transformed white faces as well as they identify untransformed faces. In the first experiment, it was shown that white subjects were unable to recognize transformed black faces. The second experiment, following the pilot study, investigated recognition of both black and white, transformed and untransformed faces by Europeans and Africans. This study revealed that people from one racial group are particularly disadvantaged in recognizing other-race faces that have undergone transformation. The results are discussed in relation to learning approaches to face memory. PMID- 7235083 TI - Detrimental effects of irregular meals on rats' ability to adjust to meal feeding. AB - Male rats were fed for two hr a day at the same time each day (regular meals) or for two hr a day at one of three different times (irregular meals) but with an average intermeal interval of 22 hr. Regularly fed rats were able to learn to eat enough to grow at the same rate as control animals which had ad lib access to food. Irregularly fed rats (a) ate significantly less than regularly fed rats, even when the former were more food-deprived at the time of feeding than the latter, and (b) were unable to learn to eat enough to grow at the same rate as control animals. Irregular meals appear to retard a conditioning process in which cues associated wih feeding acquire the ability to increase food consumption. PMID- 7235085 TI - On cognition, affects, and Horney theory. PMID- 7235084 TI - Modality effects in short term recognition memory. AB - Retention was assessed using a four-alternative recognition test in a modified Brown-Peterson paradigm. Performance decreased with the length of the distraction interval at a faster rate when the test modality (auditory or visual) did not match the presentation modality than when test and presentation modalities did match. These results, which were replicated in a second experiment, were interpreted in terms of a dual-access model of the recognition process and a feature conception of memory codes. Also, in Experiment 1, modality-specific encoding was not circumvented by dual-modality presentation (auditory plus visual): dual-modality presentation resulted in performance comparable to that observed following visual presentation. When subjects were instructed to attend to both modalities equally in Experiment 2, the pattern of results reflected a corresponding shift in attentional bias but modality-dependent encoding was circumvented only partially. This result was interpreted as being inconsistent with either the notion of modality-specific processing capacities or dual-code theory. PMID- 7235086 TI - The new male role. PMID- 7235087 TI - The double orientation of the ego in the practice of Zen. PMID- 7235088 TI - Reaction formation and over-control in enuresis. PMID- 7235089 TI - The great Jewish-American comedians' identity crisis. PMID- 7235090 TI - A note on soft and hard qualities. PMID- 7235091 TI - Motherhood as an adult developmental stage. PMID- 7235092 TI - The regionalization of perinatal care. PMID- 7235093 TI - Breast self-examination: an adjuvant to early cancer detection. PMID- 7235094 TI - Why do high surgery rates raise case fatality rates? PMID- 7235095 TI - Impact of a regional infant dispatch center on neonatal mortality. AB - In 1976, a regional Infant Medical Dispatch Center (IMDC) was implemented in Southern California to improve the lives and well-being of the critically ill newborn infants by expediting location of beds in neonatal intensive care units. Comparison of birth weight-specific neonatal mortality rates among 701-2000 grams neonates before and after the program showed a six-fold improvement in hospitals served by the Center over hospitals not served by the Center during the two-year period. From 1975 to 1977, a 43.7 per cent improvement in neonatal mortality among the 701-2000 grams neonates with hyaline membrane disease was observed in the transported infants served by the Infant Medical Dispatch Center as compared to a 22.9 per cent improvement in the group of transported infants not served by IMDC. Both indicators had consistently shown a marked improvement associated with the IMDC program beyond the improvement of medical sciences over the two years. The data suggest that the improved outcome of the neonates referred by IMDC might be related to the improved efficiency of locating available neonatal intensive care beds. PMID- 7235096 TI - Breast self-examination and medical examination related to breast cancer stage. AB - The frequency and type of breast examinations reported by 1,216 primary breast cancer patients was studied in relation to local stage of disease. No significant relationship was found between the reported frequency of breast self-examination (BSE) and stage of disease; however, annual medical examination was significantly associated with small tumor size (P less than .04) and absence of axillary lymph node metastases (P less than .001). Regardless of the frequency of any method of examination, the majority (80 per cent) of tumors were first detected by the patients. Among those who detected their lesion, a greater frequency of medical examination was associated with an earlier pathological stage of disease (P less than .001). Patients who were examined more frequently by a physician appeared to be more sensitive to clinically significant breast abnormalities. These findings underscore the importance of examiner skill in the successful use of palpation to detect breast cancer. Instruction in BSE by a health professional during periodic examinations may provide the optimal opportunity for improved proficiency in self examination. PMID- 7235097 TI - High and low surgical rates: risk factors for area residents. AB - Patterns of surgical practice, the type of operations performed, and risk characteristics of elderly patients brought to surgery are examined in areas with differing surgical rates. This population-based analysis covering Manitoba's 56 rural hospital areas uses discharge claims filed routinely with the provincial Health Services Commission. One and a half times as much surgery was performed in high rate areas (115.2 procedures per 1,000 elderly) as in low rate areas (74.7 procedures/1,000). Since surgical case mix varied little between high and low rate areas, the rate variation means that place of residence strongly influences exposure to major surgical procedures. In similar fashion, the proportion of surgical cases classified as high-risk does not vary with the surgical rate. High risk patients resident in high surgical rate areas are more likely to come to surgery than are their counterparts in low rate areas. Further analyses of nonsurgical hospitalization, of three common elective procedures, and of area characteristics were carried out. The surgical selection process, not characteristics of the population residing in the area, appears to determine the rate at which high and low risk patients come to surgery. Our research clearly suggests that high surgical rates carry with them the risk of excess surgical deaths. PMID- 7235098 TI - Neonatal mortality by the day of the week in the 1974-75 Arkansas live birth cohort. AB - This study is an analysis of daily variations in neonatal mortality among 66,049 live births in the 1974-75 Arkansas live birth cohort. Weekends and holidays in general, and Sundays in particular, were found to have the fewest number of deliveries. Variations in deliveries by the day of the week were attributed to obstetric practices. Births weighing less than 2500 gms. were over-represented among weekend deliveries as were infants experiencing a birth-related injury. Neonatal mortality was found to be higher among weekend deliveries with a Sunday rate that was 27 per cent above the weekly average. Separate analysis by race and birth weight revealed the weekend peak to be more pronounced among non-whites. Analysis of daily variations by cause of death showed that Sundays exceeded the overall average for seven of the eight cause of death categories examined. (Am J Public Health 1981;71:601-605.) PMID- 7235099 TI - Coronary heart disease risk factors in men with light and dark skin in Puerto Rico. AB - The association of skin color with coronary heart disease risk factors was studied in 4,000 urban Puerto Rican men. Skin color on the inner upper arm was classified according to the von Luschan color tiles. Using this grading, men were separated into two groups of light or dark skin color. The dark group had a lower socioeconomic status (SES) based on income, education, and occupation. Dark men had slightly higher mean systolic blood pressures (SBP) and lower mean serum cholesterol levels than the light, but the relative weights and cigarette smoking habits of both groups were similar. After controlling for the differences in SES, skin color showed a small but statistically significant association with SBP. Whether this association with skin color represents genetic or environmental influences on SBP could not be determined from this study. PMID- 7235100 TI - Choosing measures of health status for individuals in general populations. AB - This paper offers suggestions to adi the selection of appropriate instruments and data gathering methods for studies that require measures of personal health status applicable in general populations. Before selecting measures, the reason for studying health status must be identified. Next, definitional issues arise when attempting to specify the components of health that are to be studied. Evidence supports restriction of the definition of personal health status to its physical and mental components, rather than including social circumstances as well. In evaluating the suitability of available measures, three features must be considered: 1) practicality in terms of administration, respondent burden, and analysis; 2) reliability in terms of the study design and group or individual comparisons; 3) validity, in terms of providing information about the particular health components of interest to the study. Evaluating validity will be difficult for most available measures; careful attention to item content will be helpful in choosing appropriate measures. Despite problems in development and interpretation, overall health status indicators will prove useful to many studies and should be considered, as should both subjective and objective measures of health status. Given that the reasons to measure health have been identified, the aspects of health to be measured specified, and attention paid to their suitability, appropriate measures may often be found among those now available. PMID- 7235101 TI - Newborn diagnosis of abnormal hemoglobins from a large municipal hospital in Los Angeles. AB - Cord blood samples from 29,611 infants born in Los Angeles over a 71/2 year period were examined for hemoglobinopathies. Among 4,134 Black newborns, the frequency of sickle cell anemia (SS) was 0.3 per cent, of sickle cell trait (AS) 8 per cent, and of Hb-C trait (AC) 2 per cent. Of 17,781 Spanish surnamed (Mexican) newborns, 0.5 per cent had sickle cell trait, and 0.1 per cent had Hb-C trait. Of the 5,541 Caucasian infants, 0.7 per cent had sickle cell trait, and 0.15 per cent had Hb-C trait. Twenty-three Black children with major hemoglobinopathies included 16 with sickle cell anemia, two with hemoglobin C disease (CC), and five with SC disease. PMID- 7235102 TI - Enhancement of high risk children's utilization of dental services. AB - One hundred twenty-four children identified as needing care in two elementary schools by a routine department of public health screening were randomly assigned to either a standard treatment group (notification to parents by a form letter) or an experimental group that added personal contact to the standard treatment. Overall, 53 percent of the subjects in the experimental condition who needed treatment at the initial screening had received this treatment at follow-up, while only 12 per cent of the subjects in the control group had received needed treatment. PMID- 7235103 TI - Measuring effectiveness of service aides in infant immunization surveillance program in North Central Texas. AB - The Immunization Division of Texas Public Health Region 5 sought to measure the per cent of referrals taking immunization action as a result of service aide contact. From data collected on newborn-nonresponders during a 12-month period, results show that aides may be credited with influencing 44 percent of the referrals reporting subsequent immunization. PMID- 7235104 TI - Smoking and depression: a community survey. AB - Smoking status and symptoms of mental depression were determined as part of a community survey of adults in Los Angeles County. Nearly 42 per cent of the males and 31 per cent of the females wee current smokers. Smokers compared to nonsmokers reported significantly higher levels of depression as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies--Depression (CES-D) index (10.02 vs 8.76, p < .05). The differences were not significant, however, when analyzed by sex. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the CES-D score when comparing those who had never smoked, ex-smokers, current smokers who wanted to quit, and current smokers who did not want to quit. After controlling in a linear regression analysis for the effects of income, age, employment status, and sex, none of the smoking status variables contributed significantly to explaining the variance of the CES-D score. While both mental depression and smoking are individually major public health problems, the results of this investigation suggest that there is little relationship between the two in the general community. PMID- 7235105 TI - Increasing utilization of a rural cervical cancer detection program. AB - The Alabama Department of Public Health established, in 1973, a Cancer Screening Program (CSP). Although 66,000 women have been screened, many rural females had never used the program. After a community health organization education effort was introduced into a target rural county, an examination of CSP new user data for two intervention quarters revealed 345 and 150 per cent increases, respectively, in the pattern of use. PMID- 7235106 TI - Underestimation of the role of pneumonia and influenza in causing excess mortality. AB - Underestimation of pneumonia and influenza (P&I) mortality during influenza epidemics was explored in 38 P&U associated deaths among a population of adults during two influenza A (H3N2) epidemics. Pneumonia or influenza was mentioned on 32 (84 per cent) of the death certificates. However, based on rules for assigning cause of death, only nine (24 per cent, SE = 7) and 23 (61 per cent, SE = 8) of the cases would have been included in P&I mortality statistics compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics and the Center for Disease Control, respectively. PMID- 7235107 TI - Pap smears, prevention, primary care, and the guarantee of good health. PMID- 7235108 TI - Staple capsulorrhaphy for recurrent posterior shoulder dislocation. AB - Recurrent posterior shoulder dislocation or subluxation is uncommon but occurs occasionally in athletes. Ten patients were treated with a posterior shoulder staple capsulorrhaphy. A posterior Bankhart-type-lesion was found in all cases. Eight of the 10 patients had pain relief. The range of motion was usually maintained postoperatively, but no patient returned to his former throwing status. Four patients also had anterior instability. Three patients (30%) had postoperative recurrence of their posterior instability. The two "ligamentous lax" conditions in the series both recurred. The procedure should be supplemented in the "lax" individual. Complications in 4 patients included a painful staple, postoperative adhesions, and symptomatic ectopic bone formation in two patients. Recurrent posterior shoulder dislocation is not a definite indication for operative repair; patients must be carefully selected. PMID- 7235109 TI - Knee rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and repair. PMID- 7235110 TI - Acromioclavicular lesions in children. AB - This study reports on the followup of 25 children who were thought to have complete acromioclavicular joint dislocations. The patients were from 5 to 16 years old at the time of injury. Followup ranged between one and nine years. All were treated surgically. Various methods of stabilization were used, including transfixing the acromioclavicular joint with pins or a Bosworth screw and Mersilene (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ) taping of the clavicle to the coracoid. Good or excellent results, including return to full, asymptomatic activity and essentially normal clinical and roentgenographic appearance, were seen in over 90% of the cases. None of the children developed growth disturbances. Two of the 25 developed asymptomatic acromioclavicular joint arthritis, and both were cross pinned. Children below the age of 13 years rarely sustain a complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation, but usually sustain a fracture of the distal clavicle with an intact acromioclavicular joint. Five (20%) of 25 patients below age 13 were erroneously diagnosed as having an acromioclavicular joint lesion. These children had only a fracture of the distal clavicle with rupture of the coracoclavicular ligament complex. Children of 13 years and older usually sustained complete dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint similar to adults. In children below age 13, conservative treatment should produce good or excellent results. Patients above age 13 all had adult-type acromioclavicular joint dislocations and were, accordingly, treated as adults. PMID- 7235111 TI - Herniated lumbar disk associated with running. A review of 10 cases. AB - This paper studies the courses of treatment and recovery in 10 runners with acute back and leg pain. All ran at least 20 miles/week, had pain during or shortly after running, and were diagnosed for herniated lumbar disk for myelogram, electromyogram (EMG), or objective motor weakness and reflex changes. Two or more high-risk factors contributed to the disk syndrome in each runner. These included being 30 to 50 years old (9 runners), being under 72 inches tall (6 runners), having tight joints (6 runners), changing running style (5 runners), and having a previous herniated lumbar disk (3 runners). Early diagnostic problems led to incorrect initial diagnosis in three runners. The conservative treatment program consisted of controlled rest, anti-inflammatory medication, alternative exercises, and a gradual return to running in 6 to 12 weeks. All runners were treated with Williams' exercises. Eight were put in traction as inpatients, and seven were given injections of epidural steroids. Three required laminectomies; two of these resumed active running. The return to sports participation was excellent in this group. Eight returned to active running and one became a marathon bicyclists. Only one runner was unable to return actively to sports. PMID- 7235112 TI - Flexibility and musculoskeletal symptomatology in female gymnasts and age-matched controls. AB - Sixty competitive female gymnasts and 35 age-matched nonathletic controls were interviewed for musculoskeletal symptoms and examined for flexibility. A significantly greater number of gymnasts (P less than 0.01) had musculoskeletal symptoms in the wrist, low back, hip, shin, and foot regions than did the controls. The average number of symptomatic regions per subject was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) in gymnasts (6.17) than in controls (2.25). Gymnasts had greater shoulder flexion and horizontal abduction, lumber flexion, hip extension, and toe-touching abilities (P less than 0.001). Controls surpassed gymnasts only in the extent of elbow supination (P less than 0.001). There were no significant differences in lumbar, knee or elbow extension. No statistically significant correlations in flexibility between different body regions were identifiable in gymnasts or controls. The gymnasts with low back discomfort and greater toe-touching ability than those without symptoms. No other consistent and significant relationships between symptomatology and flexibility in a region were found. PMID- 7235114 TI - Skier's thumb. Surgical treatment of recent injuries to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb's metacarpophalangeal joint. AB - Acute rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the thumb is often sustained in downhill skiing accidents an is hence called "skier's thumb." All complete ruptures seen at our hospital between 1975 and 1979 were operated using the "fishhook" pullout wire technique. Follow-up results 29 months after early operation are presented for 47 cases. The overall results are excellent in 29, good in 14, and fair in 3 patients. Our result had to be considered a failure. No patient had serious functional impairment or major constant pain. No patient took any pain medication. No reintervention was necessary. The distal bony avulsions showed the most favorable prognosis, and the ligamentous midsubstance tears, the least favorable. The fishhook pullout wire technique can be used in both ligamentous and bony avulsions of the ulnar collateral ligament and provides good or excellent results in 90% of the cases. PMID- 7235113 TI - The measured effect of taping on combined foot and ankle motion before and after exercise. AB - The Inman ankle machine was modified to determine plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion neutral, eversion neutral, plantarflexion inversion, and plantarflexion eversion before taping, immediately after taping, and with tape after a 2.5- to 3 hour football practice. The previously uninjured feet and ankles of 16 college age football players were used. All were tape by the same method. A single-tailed paired-sample t-test was done to determine the minimun amount of restriction that could be expected for each motion after the exercise period. Ninety percent confidence intervals between untaped versus taped preexercise, untaped versus taped postexercise for all motions were determined. Inversion neutral, plantarflexion inversion, and eversion neutral had an average residual restriction after exercise of 50%, or greater than the initial restriction prior to exercise. plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, and plantarflexion eversion loosened significantly greater than 50%. PMID- 7235115 TI - Indirect assessment of cardiovascular "demands" using telemetry on professional football players. AB - Aerobic training is not a major component of th conditioning programs of professional football players. We used telemetric ECG monitoring to examine the cardiovascular "demands" of practice and game situations in six athletes who were selected to affect a variety of positions and aerobic capacities. Heart rates commonly considered high enough for an aerobic conditioning effect were rarely attained during a practice sessions. Maximum oxygen consumption testing confirmed that professional football players do not receive a sufficient amount of aerobic conditioning during practice. Telemetrically monitored heart rate response is much greater in a game situation than that experienced during practice. Telemetry results support injury statistics by indicating that aerobic conditioning should have a significant role in the training program of the professional football player. PMID- 7235116 TI - Preparticipation health screening of young athletes. Results of 1268 examinations. AB - The major purpose of the preparticipation physical examination of athletes is to screen for conditions that could predispose the athlete to injury or death. However, this examinations offered to many of the athletes in this country fail to adequately accomplish this. This study analyzed the preparticipation health exams of prospective sports participants from all public schools in Richmond County, Georgia for two consecutive years. We sought to identify the components of a preparticipation exam which most accurately identified athletes who were at risk of sustaining injury. The most frequently reported problems on the health history were previous injuries, previous hospitalizations, and joint problems. These were consistent over the two years. The problems recorded most frequently on the physical exam involved the lower extremities, mouth, teeth, heart, eyes, and genitalia. However the prevalence of abnormalities found during the first year of the study was significantly lower than that identified in the second study. Analysis of the findings resulted in a more standardized approach to the examination and in an improved examination form. PMID- 7235117 TI - Crypt cell carcinoma of the appendix (so-called adenocarcinoid tumor). AB - A series of 16 carcinoid tumors of the appendix, including four examples of so called adenocarcinoid tumors, has been studied immunohistochemically for the presence of lysozyme, secretory component (SC) and IgA, within tumor cells. Stains for mucin, Paneth cells, and APUD cells were also performed. Of the conventional carcinoid tumors, eight showed focal tubule formation with production of PAS-positive material. In contrast to conventional carcinoids, including those showing tubule formation, adenocarcinoids contained few APUD cells and showed positive staining of tumor cells for lysozyme, SC, and IgA. Paneth cells, staining positively for lysozyme, were present in two cases and mucin-containing Paneth cells were observed. A parallel study of normal small intestinal mucosa demonstrated a population of lysozyme containing goblet cells within the crypts. It is suggested that so-called adenocarcinoid tumors are not derived from APUD cells but from lysozyme-producing cells of the type normally present in small intestinal crypts. PMID- 7235118 TI - Lobular carcinoma in situ in sclerosing adenosis. A potential source of confusion with invasive carcinoma. AB - A group of five different patients who had extensive sclerosing adenosis with ductules containing cells characteristic of lobular carcinoma were studied (six breasts in all). Because of the complex arrangement of ductules in sclerosing adenosis, the possibility of an invasive lobular carcinoma was considered in two cases. The distinction between sclerosing adenosis with lobular carcinoma in situ and infiltrating lobular carcinoma rests with the overall architecture of the lesion as seen at low power. Foci of sclerosing adenosis, with or without carcinoma in situ, have dilated ductules peripherally, and narrow ones centrally, whereas infiltrating lobular carcinoma has no overall organization. Because of the diagnosis of lobular carcinoma in situ, extended simple mastectomy was performed in three patients, and as expected, the lymph nodes were free of tumor. PMID- 7235119 TI - Papillary peritoneal tumors in women. AB - Twenty-five peritoneal tumors in women are described. All were partly or entirely of papillary or tubulopapillary structure and multifocal. Eight were unusually well-differentiated mesotheliomas. This appearance was associated with indolent behavior. In 10 cases the growth closely resembled serous papillary carcinoma, including the frequent presence of psammoma bodies, but the ovaries were free of primary tumor. The latter group of tumors progress rapidly and are thought to be derived from extraovarian mesothelium with mullerian potential. Four further cases showed some resemblance to ovarian papillary carcinoma. Only three tumors in the entire series (12%) closely resembled papillary or tubulopapillary diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the type that occurs in the pleural cavities in both sexes. The histopathologic spectrum of papillary tumors of peritoneum in women is extensive, and mesothelial tumors of the type known to be associated with asbestos are rare. PMID- 7235120 TI - Gestational choriocarcinoma. Its origin in the placenta during seemingly normal pregnancy. AB - Four new cases of primary choriocarcinoma arising in the placenta during a seemingly normal gestation were studied at the Trophoblastic Disease Center of Northwestern University. In each case the patient presented with disseminated metastases while carrying an intrauterine gestation with a normally developing fetus. All four placental primaries were small; three of the tumors were microscopic and found only after extensive sectioning. Histologically, these tumors all appeared to arise from the cytotrophoblastic cells covering the stromal portion of villi, and in some areas the involved villi retained a portion of normal investing trophoblast. This study shows that gestational choriocarcinoma unassociated with hydatidiform mole can have an early stage in which chorionic villi are present. The consistently small size of the lesions studied suggests that primary placental choriocarcinoma may frequently be overlooked or missed, and that choriocarcinoma possibly has its origin in the placenta more often than in retained or persistent trophoblast following pregnancy. PMID- 7235121 TI - Radiation injury in surgical pathology. Part III. Salivary glands, pancreas and skin. PMID- 7235122 TI - Experimental Babesia microti infections in Macaca mulatta: recurrent parasitemia before and after splenectomy. AB - To learn more about the course of Babesia microti infections in primates, six Macaca mulatta monkeys with blood-induced B. microti infections were followed for 270 days with regular thick blood smears. Three of the monkeys experienced from 1 -3 recurrences of parasitemia defined here as greater than or equal to 200 organisms/mm3 blood. Following splenectomy on day 297, parasitemia recurred in all animals, reaching levels of 1.9 x 10(5) to 2.7 x 10(6) organisms/mm3, and was associated with a moderately severe hemolytic anemia. These findings suggest that similar recurrences of parasitemia may occur in human cases, and that splenectomy may present a risk to persons with a past history of B. microti infection. PMID- 7235123 TI - Biochemical characterization of Trypanosoma spp by isozyme electrophoresis. AB - Isozyme patterns of 13 enzymes were compared for cultures of Trypanosoma avium, T. vespertilionis, T cruzi and T. rangeli. The isozyme separation was made by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Each of the species had distinctly migrating isozyme bands for glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), malic enzyme (ME), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and malic dehydrogenase (MDH). For other enzymes, two or more species had identically migrating bands. In addition to these interspecific species differences, variability was observed among the strains of T. cruzi and T. rangeli. Among the T. cruzi strains, there were two different isozyme (possibly allozyme) types of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), fructokinase (FK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), GOT, MDH and three types of ME. In the T. rangeli isolates two isozyme types for the enzymes ALAT, FK, G6PDH, GOT, ICD, and LDH, were observed. Among the eight strains of T. cruzi studied there were six isozyme types, and among the seven T. rangeli isolates there were four isozyme types. There was an indication that isozyme types were associated with geographical distribution. PMID- 7235124 TI - Effect of temperature on multiplication of Leishmania amastigotes within human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro. AB - Leishmania tropica, a cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis, multiplied more rapidly within human macrophages in vitro at 35 degrees C than at 37 degree C, and was almost completely eliminated at 39 degrees C. In contrast, Leishmania donovani, the cause of the visceral leishmaniasis, multiplied equally well at 35 degrees C and at 37 degrees C,, and was only 40% eliminated at 39 degrees C. This in vitro study suggests that the localization of the two strains to cooler and warmer regions of the body, respectively, is at least partially explained by the inherent temperature sensitivity of the parasite-macrophage unit. The striking elimination of this strain of L. tropica within macrophages at 39 degrees C may make this model suitable for predicting the clinical response of cutaneous strains to heat therapy. PMID- 7235125 TI - Leishmanicidal mechanisms of human polymorphonuclear phagocytes. AB - Human phagocytes isolated from peripheral blood were infected in vitro with Leishmania donovani amastogotes derived from infected hamster spleens. Phagocytosis of the parasites occurred without specific opsonization and the phagocytic efficiency of various cell types was in the order: neutrophil greater than monocyte greater than eosinophil. Light and electron microscopy showed that amastigotes were often degraded by polymorphonuclear phagocytes, but not by monocytes. Ultrastructural cytochemistry for lysosomal enzymes indicated lysosomephagosome fusion after the intracellular entry of the parasites. Reaction products for H2O2 were also detected in parasitophorous vacuoles of all cell types. Exposure of amastigotes to polymorphonuclear phagocytes at 37 degree C resulted in fewer promastigotes emerging subsequently at 27 degree C than in controls without phagocytes. By the same assay method, polymorphonuclear phagocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease showed limited leishmanicidal activity. A mixture of phagocyte enzyme extract, H2O2 and Cl-, Br- or I- at pH 5 showed leishmanicidal activity. The leishmanicidal mechanisms of these cells are, thus, attributable to their myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide microbicidal system and oxygen metabolites generated by the phagocytosis-induced respiratory burst. A lower level of these microbicidal activities associated with monocytes may account for the ability of amastigotes to survive in these cells. PMID- 7235126 TI - Antibody-mediated inhibition of phagocytosis in Leishmania donovani-human phagocyte interactions in vitro. AB - Amastigotes and promastigotes of Leishmania donovani were used as antigens for immunization of rabbits which produced anti-amastigote IgG demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescent tests. Effects of these and normal rabbit heat inactivated sera on phagocytosis of amastigotes by a mixture of human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear phagocytes were studied in vitro. Parasites and phagocytes at different ratios were mixed and incubated at 37 degree C for various time periods in the presence of these sera at different dilutions. In all cases, phagocytosis of amastigotes was higher in neutrophils than in monocytes, and in most cases increased with time in both. The numbers of intracellular amastigotes were, however, consistently lower in cultures with anti-amastigote antiserum (anti-A) than in those with anti-promastigote antiserum (anti-P) or normal rabbit serum. The differential effect of anti-A and anti-P implies differences in antigenic determinants between these two leishmanial forms. A similar, but less pronounced, effect of anti-A was also observed by using opsonized chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) whose polymorphonuclear phagocytes were shown earlier to have only limited leishmanicidal activity. Results of kinetic study and those with CGD cells suggest that inhibition of phagocytosis rather enhanced leishmanicidal activity accounts for the anti-A-mediated decrease of intracellular amastigotes in human phagocytes. Blockade of phagocyte Fc receptors by soluble antigen-antibody immune complexes released during incubation is proposed as a possible mechanism of this inhibition for future investigation. PMID- 7235127 TI - Intestinal parasites in Indochinese immigrants. AB - Fifty-two percent of 419 recent Indochinese refugees, most of whom were studied because they had symptoms, signs, or hematologic findings suggestive of parasitism, had intestinal parasites. The frequency of parasitism was comparable in Vietnamese vs. other Indochinese (Cambodians and Laotians), but other Indochinese were more often found to have multiple parasites. The most common parasite in Vietnamese was Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm was the most common parasite in Cambodians and Laotians, and opisthorchid flukes were only found in Laotians. Age and sex were not related to infection except for Giardia, which has more prevalent in children. Based on public or personal health hazards and treatability, 33% of patients had parasites judged to warrant therapy, even in a clinically normal host. PMID- 7235128 TI - Phospholipase B in nonsensitized and sensitized rats after challenge with Strongyloides ratti. AB - Rats given one infection showed a pronounced elevation of phospholipase B in the proximal half of the small intestine by the end of the 1st week, with a gradual decline to values within the range for uninfected controls by the 4th week. The distal half showed a more prolonged elevation, with a decline to the control range by the 5th week. Eosinophils (carriers of the enzyme) in the bone marrow were increased at days 5--21. At termination of the experiment on day 35, the marrow and combined gut activities had declined to normal levels. In the second experiment, rats infected once showed similar B activity in the gut and eosinophil production in the bone marrow to those noted in rats of the first experiment. However, rats challenged 37 days after the first infection showed earlier but less sustained B and eosinophil responses. This anamnestic-like response was also noted in the lungs, where the B activity was more pronounced and sustained than was evident in the once-infected rats. This association between marrow eosinopoiesis and B elevations is similar to that reported from studies with other parasite models, suggesting a common host response to tissue helminths worthy of study to determine its relation to the welfare of the host and/or detriment to the parasites. PMID- 7235129 TI - Antibody response to heterologous and homologous antigens in Brugia malayi- and B. pahangi-infected Mongolian jirds as measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - Sequentially collected sera from Mongolian jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) infected with Brugia malayi and B. pahangi were tested for antibodies to homologous and heterologous antigens by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Titers were less than 1:100 prior to infection and rose rapidly (within 2 weeks). Peak titers were observed prior to patent microfilaremia, and high titers persisted during infection. Use of the homologous antigen did not increase sensitivity or specificity of the ELISA. In fact, B. malayi-infected jirds demonstrated higher titers to the heterologous antigen, B. pahangi, than to the homologous antigen. Fractionation of B. malayi antigen over a wide pH range using isoelectric focusing did not eliminate cross-reactions, but the reactions of 20 B. malayi sera and 20 B. pahangi sera tested more strongly to specific fractions, particularly in the lower pH range. PMID- 7235130 TI - Characterization of the cellular responses of the pulmonary and hepatic phases of primary murine Schistosoma mansoni infections. AB - Lymphocytes from the mediastinal lymph nodes (draining the pulmonary phase of the infection), the hepatic lymph nodes (draining the hepatic phase of the infection), and the spleen of C57BL/6 mice exposed to Schistosoma mansoni were characterized relative to their capacity to interact with a soluble immunogen prepared from the adult worm (SWI). B or T RFC (rosette forming cells), RAFC (rosette-antibody forming cells), and PFC (plaque forming cells) were assayed. The RFC responses of the mediastinal and hepatic nodes were predominantly B cell in character and were maximal at that period which corresponded to the anatomic exposure which would be predicted from the migratory pattern of the parasite. High levels of T RFC and predominantly IgM B-responsive cells were generated in the mediastinal nodes during the presence of the schistosomulum in the lung parenchyma. Immunoglobulin-responsive (IgM greater than IgG greater than IgE) B cells were initially detected in the hepatic nodes during the lung-to-liver migration of the schistosomulum and its maturation to the adult form. However, elevated levels of T RFC and IgG greater than IgM greater than or equal to IgE responsive B cells were maximally present in the hepatic nodes during optimal egg production and egg-induced granuloma formation in the liver. In contrast to the responses of the lymph nodes, the splenic responses were predominantly T cell in nature for the first 8 weeks of infection. Splenic lymphocytes expressed a biphasic response, the first represented by T RFC and IgM-responsive B cells and coincided with the migration of the schistosomulum out of the lung and the second was also represented by T RFC but with predominance of IgG-responsive B cells and correlated with the production of eggs and maximal granuloma formation at the hepatic level. PMID- 7235131 TI - Genetic variation in Schistosoma mansoni: enzyme polymorphisms in populations from Africa, Southwest Asia, South America, and the West Indies. PMID- 7235132 TI - Prevalence of residual paralysis from paralytic poliomyelitis in a rural population of Bangladesh. AB - To estimate the prevalence of residual paralysis from poliomyelitis in children in one area of rural Bangladesh, a survey of the amount and original cause of lameness was undertaken. The International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh Matlab field area, which has been under demographic surveillance for 13 years, provided the study population of 25,000 children aged 5--14 years. The cause of the lameness identified for a child in the survey was based on criteria obtained from a health history questionnaire and a physical examination performed by a physician. The prevalence rate for residual paralysis of poliomyelitis estimated from the lameness survey was 0.84/1,000 children aged 5--14 years. Since lower extremity paralysis occurs in only about 80% of children with paralytic poliomyelitis, the prevalence rate for all cases of residual paralysis of poliomyelitis was calculated to be 1.05/1,000 children in this age group. PMID- 7235133 TI - Pathophysiologic correlations in a rhesus monkey model of yellow fever with special observations on the acute necrosis of B cell areas of lymphoid tissues. PMID- 7235134 TI - Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: horse virulence of P-676 and MF-8 small and minute plaques. AB - The P-676 and MF-8 epizootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus were found to contain a minute plaque (MP), different from the predominant small plaque (SP) present in these virus strains. The MP and SP were stable after passages in Vero cells, mice, or horses. Equines were inoculated with the SP or MP of the P-676 and MF-8 strains. Inoculation of either P-676 SP or MP into horses induced high fever and viremia but no signs of encephalitis or death. Four horses infected with MF-8 SP became very ill, with high fever and viremia; three of the inoculated animals died. Four horses were infected with MF-8 MP; only showed viremia but appeared asymptomatic and afebrile. Neutralization tests with immune sera from the infected equines showed that the P-676 SP and MP appear distinct, while a clear difference cannot be observed with MF-8 SP and MP. PMID- 7235135 TI - Isolation of viruses from female Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Aedes albopictus cell cultures. AB - Isolation of viruses from female Culex tritaeniorhynchus was performed by inoculation of specimens into Aedes albopictus clone C6/36 cells as well as into suckling mouse brains (SMB). Altogether, 32,812 mosquitoes in 349 pools were processed from the specimens collected in Osaka Prefecture during the summer of 1978. Thirty-nine strains of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) were isolated in C6/36 cells in contrast to 27 strains in SMB. Twenty-four pools yielded JEV both in cell cultures and in SMB, 10 yielded JEV only in cell cultures, and three only in SMB. Two strains of Getah (GET) virus were isolated in cell cultures but not in SMB. Two of the 23 plaque isolates of a GET strain showed significantly lower titers of plaque formation on BHK21 cells or SMB-LD50, compared with the titer of plaque formation on C6/36 cells at 28 degree C. In addition, many unidentified filterable agents were detected by plaque formation on C6/36 cells. PMID- 7235136 TI - Propagation of dengue viruses in murine cell cultures. AB - Dengue viruses were cultivated in Balb 3T12-3 cells, a continuous line of cells derived from mouse embryo cell cultures. Optimal serum concentrations were determined for maximal kinetics of virus replication. All four types of dengue viruses replicate in these cells, and peak virus titers were obtained by 72 hours post-infection. The successful growth of dengue viruses in a continuous line of mouse cells should allow for more extensive studies examining the cellular immune response to dengue virus infection in murine models. PMID- 7235138 TI - Dengue in Jamaica. PMID- 7235137 TI - Early management of bites by the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus): studies in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). AB - Monkeys were injected subcutaneously with 6 mg of Crotalus adamanteus venom and a solid phase radioimmunoassay was used to measure levels of venom in plasma and urine. When no attempt was made to retard venom movement from the site of injection, plasma levels as high as 1,300 ng/ml occurred within 15 min of injection and progressive swelling developed in the injected limb. When first aid was employed (firm pressure to the injection site and immobilization of limb with a splint), plasma levels remained very low until cessation of first aid. No swelling of the injected limb occurred while the first aid measures were in position, and animals which received first aid an antivenom fared much better than did those which received antivenom alone. The best result was obtained when antivenom was infused prior to removal of the pressure bandages and splint. This first aid procedure is effective in delaying venom movement, and its simplicity and safety suggest it should be considered for use in cases of human envenoming by C. adamanteus. PMID- 7235139 TI - [Mechanical ventilation applied to intensive care]. PMID- 7235140 TI - [Importance of studying total static pulmonary compliance in artificial ventilation]. PMID- 7235141 TI - [Application of body impedance measures performed daily in an intensive care and hemodialysis service]. PMID- 7235143 TI - [Measurement of thoraco-pulmonary impedance. A method of monitoring pulmonary mechanics in intensive care]. PMID- 7235142 TI - [Body impedance measurement: a non-invasive method of monitoring hydration disorders]. PMID- 7235144 TI - [Study of respiratory dysrhythmia using thoracic impedance rheography]. PMID- 7235145 TI - [Value of delta PO2 (difference between PaO2-tcPO2) as a circulation saving measure in hypovolemic shock]. PMID- 7235147 TI - [Simplified study of mechanical respiration during mechanical ventilation]. PMID- 7235146 TI - [Comparison of partial transcutaneous pressure (TcpO2) and paO2 as a function of the hemodynamic state in infants]. PMID- 7235148 TI - [Contrast echocardiography with time-movement measurement. Detection of residual post-operative shunts]. PMID- 7235149 TI - [Contribution of time-movement echocardiography in surgical indications for bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 7235150 TI - [Comparison of cardiac output measurements using echocardiographic methods and thermodilution during rapid expansion of blood volume]. PMID- 7235151 TI - [Role of echography in the diagnosis of acute cor pulmonale. Apropos of 6 cases]. PMID- 7235152 TI - [Post-operative low output syndrome in coronary patients. Contribution of echocardiography and systolic time intervals]. PMID- 7235153 TI - [Monitoring frequency spectra as a complement to electroencephalographic surveillance in intensive care]. PMID- 7235154 TI - [Evaluation of computer tomography in the diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal septic foci]. PMID- 7235156 TI - [Continuous non-invasive monitoring of systemic arterial pressure]. PMID- 7235155 TI - [Evaluation of an oscillometric method for automatic measurement of arterial pressure]. PMID- 7235157 TI - [Measurement of split thoracic impedance during ventilation in a lateral decubitus position]. PMID- 7235158 TI - [The theater from the viewpoint of the biology of behavior]. PMID- 7235160 TI - Slow rhythmic activity in vegetative nerves similar in frequency to the cardiac cycle in chronic cats. PMID- 7235159 TI - Slow rhythmic activity in vegetative nerves synchronous with the respiratory cycle in chronic cats. PMID- 7235161 TI - Experimental study on bromopride pharmacology in vivo. antiemetic activity, effects on intestinal transit, on bloating and on gastric ulcers; basal effects on CNS and interferences with the spontaneous motor activity. PMID- 7235162 TI - Effects of phospholipids on the activity of adenylate cyclase solubilized from rabbit heart membrane. PMID- 7235163 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on catecholamine metabolism in the placenta in late pregnancy toxicosis]. PMID- 7235164 TI - [Functional state of the sympathetic-adrenal and hypophyseal-adrenal systems in late toxicoses]. PMID- 7235165 TI - [Blood serum isoenzymatic spectrum in late pregnancy toxicosis]. PMID- 7235166 TI - [Amniotic fluid phospholipids in late pregnancy toxicosis]. PMID- 7235167 TI - [Hemorheological disorders and their correction in late pregnancy toxicosis]. PMID- 7235168 TI - [Effect of psychotherapy on cerebral circulatory dynamics in pregnant women with late toxicosis and a hypertensive syndrome]. PMID- 7235169 TI - [Experience with metoclopramide therapy in early pregnancy toxicosis]. PMID- 7235170 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of heparin therapy in late pregnancy toxicosis]. PMID- 7235171 TI - [Acupuncture reflexotherapy of late pregnancy toxicosis]. PMID- 7235173 TI - [Use of real-time scanning for chorionic biopsy]. PMID- 7235172 TI - [Diagnostic potentials of ultrasonic scanning in acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy]. PMID- 7235174 TI - [Ultrasonic potentials in the diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 7235175 TI - [Zinc deficiency in pregnant women]. PMID- 7235176 TI - [Outcome of pregnancy and labor in epileptic women]. PMID- 7235177 TI - [Artificial interruption of pregnancy after a course of treatment for gonorrhea]. PMID- 7235178 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract diseases in pregnant women]. PMID- 7235180 TI - Patient education training. PMID- 7235179 TI - [Fetoplacental system functional state in the protracted course of late pregnancy toxicosis]. PMID- 7235181 TI - Medications in the geriatric population. PMID- 7235182 TI - Treatment for the chronic pain patient. PMID- 7235183 TI - Morphological evidences for endothelial differentiation of cardiac myxoma cells. PMID- 7235184 TI - Biosynthesis, secretion, and aggregation of proteoglycans by rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes. PMID- 7235185 TI - Synthesis of cartilage proteoglycans. PMID- 7235186 TI - The link proteins of cartilage proteoglycan aggregates: structure and function. PMID- 7235188 TI - The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7235187 TI - Approach to the patient with cancer. PMID- 7235190 TI - Medicine, technology, and society. PMID- 7235189 TI - Pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 7235191 TI - Ataxia telangiectasia with thrombasthenia, platelet dysfunction, and a chromosomal translocation. A monoclonal defect? AB - A patient with ataxia telangiectasia presenting with a severe recurrent bleeding diathesis characterized by a prolonged bleeding time, normal platelet counts and clot retraction, absent platelet aggregation, and normal platelet factor 3 availability is described. These findings are indicative of a thrombasthenic-like pattern associated with multiple membrane receptor site defects. Chromosomal studies revealed a 14/14 tandem translocation involving chromosomal band 14q32 in peripheral T-lymphocytes; this chromosomal marker was not found in peripheral B lymphocytes, direct bone marrow preparations, or skin fibroblasts. We postulate that the platelet functional defect demonstrated in this patient occurred in a clone of abnormal platelet stem cells possibly containing the chromosomal marker. This defect could be analogous to the situation in chronic myelogenous leukemia in which similar platelet functional disorders have been noted and in which the marker Philadelphia chromosome has been present on megakaryocytes. Our patient would also appear to be at high risk for the development of a T-cell malignancy. PMID- 7235192 TI - Histiocytosis. PMID- 7235193 TI - Clinical features of familial histiocytosis. AB - The most commonly reported familial variant of histiocytosis is familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Clinically, this may be distinguished from other infantile forms by the absence of skin involvement and high incidence of leptomeningeal involvement. Eosinophilia, erythematous skin rash, alopecia, and opportunistic pulmonary infections suggest combined immunodeficiency with histiocytic response. PMID- 7235194 TI - Spontaneously acquired Factor IX inhibitors in childhood. AB - Two previously healthy children, ages 8 months and 35 months, developed spontaneous inhibitors to Factor IX. Brief illnesses of presumed viral origin preceeded hemorrhagic symptoms in both children. Cutaneous ecchymoses and traumatic soft tissue hemorrhage were the predominant clinical features in each case. Bleeding symptoms persisted for less than 3 days and laboratory evidence of Factor IX inhibition resolved within 3 weeks. One child required treatment with fresh frozen plasma and packed red blood cell transfusions. The other child received corticosteroid therapy. Given the transient nature of acquired Factor IX inhibitors in the nonhemophilic child, a conservative approach toward therapy is recommended unless life-threatening complications supervene. PMID- 7235195 TI - Immune neutropenias. Clinical and biological implications. AB - Techniques for the detection of neutrophil antibodies include leukoagglutination, cytotoxic assays, antiglobulin consumption tests, immunofluorescence, quantitation of cell-bound IgG, and opsonization assays. Employment of the various methodologies have led to the identification of neutropenic states associated with decreased survival of neutrophils in the circulation because of immune-mediated distribution of the neutrophils or excessive sequestration of their cells by reticuloendothelial cells. The immune clinical syndromes predisposing to selective neutropenia include isoimmune neonatal neutropenia, autoimmune neutropenia, drug-induced neutropenia, and complement-mediated neutropenia. Selective immune-mediated neutropenia occurs because the neutrophil contains unique antigens often not shared by other blood cells. Like incompatible red cell transfusions, incompatible neutrophil transfusions can result in clinical manifestations including fever and hypoxemia arising from pulmonary sequestration of neutrophils. Potentially therapeutic benefits derived from neutrophil transfusions and from bone marrow transplantations may be influenced by neutrophil antigen-antibody reactions. Newer techniques for detecting and identifying neutrophil antibodies may now provide a tool to answer these questions. PMID- 7235196 TI - Proliferation of sweat ducts in certain diseases of the skin. PMID- 7235198 TI - A description and directory of plural forms of medical Latin words and terms. PMID- 7235197 TI - The "lumpy-bumpy" elastic fiber. A marker for long-term administration of penicillamine. AB - A 29-year-old woman with Wilson's disease developed dermolytic skin lesions 2 years after initiation of treatment with penicillamine. Eight years later, still on penicillamine therapy, striae appeared over both of her breasts. Biopsy of involved skin during the 10th year of treatment with penicillamine revealed characteristic lumpy-bumpy alterations of dermal elastic fibers which were not present in the first skin biopsy 8 years previously. Biopsy of a stria showed changes similar to those in the dermolytic skin lesions. Lumpy-bumpy elastic fibers are pathognomonic for penicillamine-induced elastosis. They are easily recognizable with examination by conventional microscopy. Their appearance may serve as a warning of potentially serious, widespread elastic tissue involvement. These abnormal elastic fibers are not only found in the skin, but also in the lungs. PMID- 7235199 TI - Evolution, maturation, and regression of lesions of lichen planus. New observations and correlations of clinical and histologic findings. AB - Two hundred specimens from lesions of lichen planus were studied by conventional light microscopy in order to assess their evolution, maturation, and regression. The most important finding was that Langerhans' cells appear in increased numbers in the epidermis very early in the disease, even preceding the experience of lymphocytes there and then that the appearance of lymphocytes is followed by destruction of keratinocytes in the lower portion of the epidermis and by general epidermal hyperplasia, including hypergranulosis and hyperkeratosis. Wedge-shaped hypergranulosis develops around intraepidermal adnexal structures, namely, acrosyringia and acrotrichia. Finally, long-enduring inflammatory-cell infiltration in the papillary dermis was found to result in eventual fibrosis there, an evidence of resolution. With time the inflammatory-cell infiltrate disappears and the epidermis regains its normal configuration. Bullous lichen planus, hypertrophic lichen planus, atrophic lichens planus, and lichen planopilaris are variants of the same pathological process, modified by intensity and location of process. PMID- 7235200 TI - Legal implications of overdiagnosing malignant melanoma. PMID- 7235201 TI - Atypical reactions to Monsel's solution. PMID- 7235202 TI - In vitro characterization of synthesized thyroglobulin immune complexes (IC). A model for studies of IC containing an autoantigen. AB - Human thyroglobulin (Tg) immune complexes (TgIC) were preformed at different ratios from purified Tg, and Tg antibodies (TgAb) obtained from six patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. TgIC were characterized by precipitation with polyethylene glycol, and sedimentation in sucrose gradient. TgIC from one patient were further characterized by concanavalin A (con A), and binding to the complement factor Clq and rheumatoid factor (RF). Tg and TgIC had almost identical binding to con A, no binding to Clq, but could be partially separated by ultracentrifugation and polyethylene glycol. The highest degree of separation was obtained by a RF-coated plastic tube radiometric assay, using 125-I-rabbit TgAb as indicator. Tg showed no binding to RF, and a dose-response curve of TgIC in serum could be established. There was a dependence of the Tg-TgAb ratio, TgIC at equilibrium and in antibody excess being detected most efficiently. The method may serve as an aid in the evaluation of the fate of Tg, TgAb and TgIC following thyroid damage (surgery, radioiodine) and may be extended as a model system in the investigation of immune complexes in connection with autoimmune disorders. PMID- 7235203 TI - Measurement of IgG antibodies against timothy pollen allergens. A high capacity microtiter assay procedure. AB - This study describes a microtiter double antibody assay for the measurement of specific IgG, which is believed to be identical with blocking antibodies. The precipitates were harvested on glass fiber filters, and the activity from iodinated antigens fixed in the precipitates was used as a measure of the level of the serum blocking antibodies. PMID- 7235204 TI - Activation of blood coagulation during inhalation challenge tests. AB - Bronchial challenge tests were performed in 16 asthmatic subjects. Eight developed an immediate and eight a dual asthmatic response. In all patients serial blood samples were analysed for plasma recalcification time and Factor XII activation rate. In all instances a profound shortening of the recalcification time was found, but only in patients with a dual response could an increased activation rate of Factor XII be detected. A positive correlation, although weak, was found between the time of maximum shortening of recalcification time and the time of onset of the late reaction. The study suggests a relationship between activation of blood coagulation factors and the type of asthmatic response elicited after challenge test. PMID- 7235205 TI - Theophylline concentrations in serum and saliva after oral microcrystalline and sustained-release preparations in asthmatics. AB - Theophylline concentrations in saliva have been compared with those in serum in 13 asthmatic patients after single and multiple oral dosage of a microcrystalline theophylline tablet (Nuelin) and a sustained-release preparation (Nuelin Retard). There was wide individual variation in the ratio of serum to saliva concentrations indicating that, even when individual serum to saliva ratios have been established, the use of saliva theophylline measurements alone is unreliable for the routine monitoring of theophylline therapy. Both preparations produced mean serum theophylline concentrations within the 10--20 mcg/ml range, the sustained-release tablet giving higher monitoring through values and smaller through to peak variation. The preparations were equally and highly bioavailable. Side effects were reported by three patients, which were the patients with the highest AUC. The Nuelin Retard preparation appears to provide smooth, sustained serum theophylline concentrations within the therapeutic range and the simple, twice-daily dosage should result in improved patient compliance. PMID- 7235206 TI - Serum IgE before and after treatment for scabies. AB - In 120 patients, treated for scabies infection, the serum IgE concentrations fell from high levels in 54 and normal levels in 66 to lower levels 12 months after treatment. The specific IgE antibodies to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (RAST) were also reduced 12 months after treatment. The decrease in both IgE concentrations and IgE antibodies was most conspicuous in non-atopic patients. These findings confirm previous observations of specific immunological hypersensitivity to scabies mite, and that scabies infection stimulates the production of IgE antibodies. PMID- 7235207 TI - Asthma in Danish general practice. Prevalence and consultation rates. AB - This study from Danish general practice with the participation of 131 practices covering a population of 450,000 persons assesses all consultations concerning asthma during a 1-year period from June 1977. Asthma was defined as paroxysmal bouts of dyspnoea of an expiratory type. Results are presented from three groups of practices differing in their self-estimated rate of reporting. A total of seven to nine per 1000 of the population contacted a general practice during the study year (men: 7-10, women: 6-8). The prevalence may be described by a two peaked curve with maxima at ages 5-14 years and 50-70 years. In the former group the prevalence rate among boys is double that of girls. In the later group asthma is more common among women until the age of 55, after that age it is more common among men. More than half of the patients consulted with symptoms during the study year. The isle of Fyn had a lower prevalence rate with and without symptoms that all other regions. The consultation rate was 5.7 per asthma patient per year. In about 25-30% of these consultations patients presented with symptoms. The isle of Fyn had the lowest consultation rate. PMID- 7235208 TI - [Respiratory volumes during anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - The respiratory minute volume was determined in 144 normal persons during anaesthesia i a semi-closed system. The measured volumes were related to the bodyweight of the individual person: Quotient Q = Minute volume (ml/min.) over Bodyweight (kilogramme). For adults Q was found to be clearly dependent on bodyweight and sex; extreme weight groups required correction by a factor q which differed for men and women. A table for the calculated minute volumes is available for routine purposes. PMID- 7235209 TI - [Cimetidine for preventing the adverse effects of aspiration during anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - The aspiration of gastric contents into the bronchial tree is a serious complication in both anaesthetic practice and obstetrics. The main factor in the pathophysiology of this syndrome is the degree of acidity of the aspirated material. A reliable and effective way of preventing its occurrence is to raise the pH of the gastric secretion by administration of the histamine H2 antagonist cimetidine. PMID- 7235210 TI - [The oxygen dissociation curve for the differentiation of peripheral anoxia (author's transl)]. AB - By using a desk top calculator and a four-colour X-Y-plotter the standard and actual oxygen dissociation curves can easily be visualized. The pO2.50 and arteriovenous oxygen difference give information about the peripheral oxygen supply. Different types of peripheral anoxia can readily be evaluated by this graphical representation of the measured and derived data. PMID- 7235211 TI - The enzymatic measurement of adenine nucleotides and P-creatine in picomole amounts. PMID- 7235212 TI - Preparation of 15N-labeled L-aspartic acid using whole bacteria as enzyme source. PMID- 7235213 TI - On-line measurement of catecholamine secretion. PMID- 7235214 TI - A method for determinations of microgram amounts of chitin in arthropod cuticles. PMID- 7235215 TI - A rapid fluorometric method for the estimation of DNA in cultured cells. PMID- 7235216 TI - Competitive interaction of biliverdin and bilirubin only at the primary bilirubin binding site on human albumin. PMID- 7235217 TI - Picomole assay for N tau-methylhistidine by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. PMID- 7235218 TI - Separation of the major species of interstitial collagen by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7235219 TI - Solubilization of intact collagen from hamster and baboon lung. PMID- 7235220 TI - An easy and rapid method for the measurement of [gamma-32P]ATP specific radioactivity in tissue extracts obtained from in vitro rat heart preparations labeled with 32Pi. PMID- 7235221 TI - An improved detection system applied to the study of serum lipoproteins after single-step density gradient ultracentrifugation. PMID- 7235223 TI - Assay of tannase (tanin acylhydrolase EC 3.1.1.20) by gas chromatography. PMID- 7235222 TI - An improved procedure for high-sensitivity microsequencing: use of aminoethyl aminopropyl glass beads in the Beckman sequencer and the ultrasphere ODS column for PTH amino acid identification. PMID- 7235224 TI - A simple procedure for the solubilization of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase. PMID- 7235225 TI - Elimination of 2-deoxyribose interference in the thiobarbituric acid determination of N-acetylneuraminic acid in tumor cells by pH-dependent extraction with cyclohexanone. PMID- 7235227 TI - Separation of dolichylpyrophosphoryloligosaccharides by liquid chromatography. PMID- 7235226 TI - Measurement of plasma alpha-ketoisocaproate concentrations and specific radioactivity by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7235228 TI - Automated kinetic analysis of pyruvate kinase. PMID- 7235229 TI - A simple and novel method for radiometric analysis of glucose utilization by adrenal chromaffin cells. PMID- 7235230 TI - A simple method for preparation of valency hybrid hemoglobins, (alpha 3+ beta 2+)2 and (alpha 2+ beta 3+)2. PMID- 7235231 TI - A simple, specific, radioenzymatic assay for picogram quantities of serotonin or acetylserotonin in biological fluids and tissues. PMID- 7235232 TI - Enzymatic preparation of carboxyl oxygen-18 labeled prostaglandin F2 alpha and utility for quantitative mass spectrometry. PMID- 7235233 TI - A sensitive method for determination of biphenyl hydroxylase activities using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7235234 TI - Glass capillary gas-chromatographic analysis of free amino acids in biological microenvironments using electron capture or selected ion-monitoring detection. PMID- 7235236 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of proteins by gel permeation chromatography. PMID- 7235235 TI - Characterization by gas--liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry of oligosaccharides resulting from the hydrazinolysis-nitrous acid deamination reaction of glycopeptides. PMID- 7235237 TI - Rapid separation of amino acid phenylthiohydantoins by isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7235238 TI - Solubilization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors from mammalian brain: an analytical approach. PMID- 7235239 TI - The use of immobilized glutamate dehydrogenase to synthesize 13N-labeled L-amino acids. PMID- 7235240 TI - A straightforward method for the simultaneous preparation of radiolabeled L dihydroorotic and N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acids. PMID- 7235241 TI - Targeted liposomes: a method for preparation and analysis. PMID- 7235242 TI - A rapid procedure for detection of bacterial amino acid decarboxylases. PMID- 7235243 TI - Determination of malondialdehyde-DNA crosslinks by fluorescence and incorporation of tritium. PMID- 7235244 TI - An improved procedure for 15N determination by emission spectrometry. PMID- 7235245 TI - Sensitive enzyme assays based on the production of chemiluminescent leaving groups. PMID- 7235247 TI - Direct potentiometric determination of chloride ion in whole blood. PMID- 7235246 TI - A procedure for the preparation of chromatin and chromatin proteins from cultured mammalian epithelial cells. PMID- 7235248 TI - Determination of sulfinalol hydrochloride in human plasma and urine by liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. PMID- 7235249 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of folic acid in multivitamin--mineral preparations. PMID- 7235250 TI - Flavin adenine dinucleotide as a label in homogeneous colorimetric immunoassays. PMID- 7235251 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of creatinine in serum and urine. PMID- 7235252 TI - Determination of flurazepam in human plasma by gas chromatography-electron capture negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. PMID- 7235253 TI - Determination of lead in urine by atomic-absorption spectroscopy with electrothermal atomisation. PMID- 7235254 TI - Fluorimetric assay of polyanions in complex fluids: carrageenan stabilisers in dairy products and heparin in hog mucosa extracts. PMID- 7235255 TI - Use of thiaminase I in the determination of thiamine in biological materials. PMID- 7235256 TI - Profiles of organic volatiles in biological fluids as an aid to the diagnosis of disease. PMID- 7235257 TI - Determination of allopurinol in tablets by differential-pulse polarography. PMID- 7235258 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of four biogenic amines in chocolate. PMID- 7235259 TI - Compensatory embryonic development in the rat following maternal treatment with ethanol. AB - A pattern of congenital anomalies, termed "fetal alcohol syndrome", has been recognized in the offspring of mothers with chronic alcoholism. The teratogenic mechanism is not known. Moderate doses of ethanol, administered to pregnant rats from day 5 through 8 of gestation, impaired blastocyst development. The mean fetal weight on day 20 of gestation was reducted, compared to that of the controls. However, fetal survival was not affected and congenital anomalies were not detected in any of the offspring. These results indicate that considerable compensatory growth and repair may obscure early embryopathic lesions before development is completed. PMID- 7235260 TI - [Formation of amnion cord in a young defective human embryo (author's transl)]. AB - A report about a human embryo of about 4 weeks of age afflicted with the formation of amnion cord with a slinglike formation. The corion sac had on its surface only a sparse cover with chorion vili. The intraembryonical vascular system was not shown except of small partial spaces in the front sector. The cause for the formation of an amnion cord is seen primarily in a faulty supply of the amniotic sac with its content. The formation of an amnion cord has been interpreted for this early phase of the embryogenesis as follows: In sufficiency of nourishment led to a dehiscence of the amnion. Mesenchym entered from the extraembryonal celom and combined itself with the lateral wall of embryo which showed because of insufficient nourishment in one area of defective epithelium. The mesenchym, which surrounded the frontal trunk part did not connect with the embryo and grew because of growth pressure into a loop with collagenous fibers. Amnionepithelecells spread only secondarily over the mesenchymloop and epithelialized it. PMID- 7235261 TI - Intrinsic neuronal elements of the hypophyseal intermediate lobe. AB - The last neuron in the bovine hypophyseal neuroendocrine system is located in the intermediate lobe and not in the hypothalamus. Intrinsic neuronal elements, neurosensory and neurosecretory, of the intermediate lobe of the hypophysis are currently very relevant and they may be directly related to the chemically linked peptides including MSH, LPH, ACTH and the endorphins contained in the intermediate lobe. Hypothalamo-hypophyseal fibers innervating the intermediate lobe, subserve a trophic maintenance as well as a regulatory and feedback function. Variations in hypothalamic influences that tend to change the milieu interior of the intermediate lobe, activate the intrinsic neurosensory and neurosecretory elements. The neurosensory cell, an internuncial neuron, subserving a receptive function, analyzes and integrates changes in the environment of the lobe and sends either stimulatory or inhibitory impulses to the neurosecretory cell. Stimulatory impulses temporarily polarize the neurosecretory cell which eliminates specific materials that diffuse amongst intermediate lobe cells. The materials, in turn, stimulate certain intermediate lobe cells whose secretions are directed towards satisfying bodily functions as designated by the hypothalamus. The rather avascular intermediate lobe, utilizes intraglandular colloid, the holocrine secretion of the lobe, to transport its products to he cerebro-spinal fluid circulation and to the systemic venous circulation of the cavernous sinuses. When bodily functions registered by the hypothalamus (serving as a feedback organ) are satisfied, the hypothalamo hypophyseal fibers readjust the lobe and the intrinsic elements are "turned off." PMID- 7235262 TI - Morpho-histology of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system in relation to gonadal maturation in Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.), a freshwater Indian carp. AB - The hypothalamic neurosecretory centres, their pathway and the role of neurosecretory material responsible for gonadal maturation during its annual cycle is being reported here for the first time in an Indian freshwater major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.). PMID- 7235263 TI - Ca and P concentrations of the urodele tooth as revealed by electron microprobe analysis. AB - The electron microprobe analysis has been used to determine the concentrations of Ca and P in different regions of functional teeth in adult Salamandra salamandra (Amphibia, Urodela). Ca and P levels were found to be more elevated in the dentine shaft below the apex than in its basal part and in the pedicel. The concentrations are similar to those measured in teeth of higher vertebrates. PMID- 7235264 TI - [The vascularisation of epiglottic cartilage, a histological investigation (author's transl)]. AB - For this study 30 formaldehyde-fixed human epiglottic cartilages of both sexes from the first up to the ninth decade were used. Besides histological staining histochemical reactions for demonstration of mucopolysaccharides were performed. In the elastic cartilage of the epiglottis at the end of the first decade sporadic areas of degenerating cartilage are present, which increase and confluence with proceeding age. At first from the seventh decade large and mostly centrally situated degeneration areas are prevailing. At all aging stages the cartilaginous plate of the epiglottis is perforated with many channels. These cartilage channels were outlined everywhere with the perichondrium. There is connective tissue, adipose tissue, arteries, veins, peripheral nerves, mixed glands and excretory ducts. From the third to the sixth decade blood vessels and connective tissue penetrate from the surface of the cartilage or from the cartilage channels different far into the epiglottic cartilage. In this manner vascular channels develop, which lie both in areas with cartilage degeneration and not degenerated areas. The pericanalicular cartilage ground substance contains a lot of PAS-positive substances combined with a diminished content of acid mucopolysaccharides independent from the position of the vascular channel. The blood vessels of the channels are significant for the metabolism of the cartilage. They improve the nutrition of the epiglottic cartilage in the middle age. Therefore the relatively early beginning degenerative changes of the cartilage increase only a little in this period in order to maintain the function of the epiglottis. Only in the higher age large degeneration areas of cartilage prevail accompanied with the absence of vascular channels and worse metabolism. PMID- 7235265 TI - Anatomical observations on the accessory obturator nerve (based on 1000 specimens). AB - In a series of 500 adult human embalmed cadavers the accessory obturator nerve has been looked for, bilaterally, and its formation and distribution studied. This nerve was formed by roots from the anterior primary divisions of L3 and L4 (63.6%) or L2, L3 and L4 (10.6%), or L2 and L3 (7.6%), or L3 (6.1%) or from the trunk of the obturator nerve (12.1%). The frequency of this nerve was found to be 13.2 percent (13.3 % in males and 12.9% in females) of the 1,000 specimens examined, with a predominance on the left side of the body (15.2 : 11.2). Some questions with regard to the variability of the frequency of this nerve referred to in the literature are analyzed and discussed. PMID- 7235266 TI - [The testing of growth functions for the length of Siliqua patula (Bivalvia) (author's transl)]. AB - After preceding investigations of the author into increase and growth functions of organic matter the gained formulae are tested together with the classical functions. As an example the razor clam siliqua patula from the Alaskan coast seems rather well fitted because of the number of length measurements and the existence of an inflexion point of the growth curve. Non linear regressions are exercised following the Paul-method. Results are not seldom unexpected, sometimes leaving firmly introduced functions with smaller chances than recently developed ones. The number of parameters of the functions will not necessarily increase the quality of approximation. The best results arise from the increase ansatz W = k Wm/tp proposed by the author Sager 1979c). PMID- 7235267 TI - [Contribution to knowledge on magma reticulare (author's transl)]. AB - The structure of the magma is being described consequently to light-microscopic tests. It consists of argyrophylic fibrils and a granular component. The granules consists of glycoproteins, proteoglycans and proteins. It has been attempted to trace the origin of muco-substances and their continuous development by means of light microscopic preparations. The formation of these substances occurs in the syncytiotrophoblast. They are discharged into the villus stroma and directed through the extraembryonic mesenchymee to the yolk sac. There they are absorbed by the outer layer of cells of the yolk sac and are passed on to the capillaries of the vasa vitellina. Thus the hypothesis is being affirmed that the yolk sac plays an important role for the feeding of the embryo and to be sure finds itself in full function during the time before the placenta-circulation. Possibly the blood-liquid of the early embryonal metabolism is being created from the liquid that finds itself within the extraembryonic coelom. In cases of a lesion of the embryo and a resulting faulty resorption of the alimentating substances does result an accumulation and an increasing augmentation within the extra-embryonic coelom. This is leading to the well known picture of an increase of the magma reticulare. Considerations concerning the definition of the term "magma reticulare" and its limitation towards the term of "extra-embryonic mesenchyme" are joined here. It is proposed to speak in normal cases of an extra-embryonic mesenchyme (Mesoderm) and to reserve the term of magma reticulare for conditions of pathological alterations. PMID- 7235269 TI - Morphological and histochemical aspects of the nasal glands in the rat. AB - The secretory characteristics of the glands in both the lateral nasal wall and the nasal septum of the rat have been studied with a variety of morphological and histochemical techniques. The main part of the glandular tissue in the lateral nasal wall is situated around the ostium of the maxillary sinus and can be divided in a dorsal, simple branched acinous glandular part and in a ventral, very branched tubulo-acinous glandular part.. No further morphological differences can be observed with light microscopical techniques. The glandular tissue on the nasal septum consists of a large, branched tubulo-acinous gland, occupying an extensive portion of the septum. By using various histochemical staining techniques for glycoproteins, 3 different areas can be distinguished, suggesting that the nasal glands produce different types of secretory products. PMID- 7235268 TI - [Thick and thin zones of the neurocranium, impressiones gyrorum and foramina parietalia in children and adults (author's transl)]. AB - At 102 skulls from adults and 67 skulls from children we have investigated 1) The postnatal changes of the thickness from basal parts of the Fossae craniales ant., med. et post. 2) The postnatal thickening and lateral shifting of the Processus clinoideus anterior. 3) The postnatal development at the superior side of the Canalis opticus. 4) Between the Os sphenoidale Clivus angle from newborn age to 17 years of life at 67 skulls. 5) The postnatal changes of the lateral angle at the Pars petrosa and its right-left-differences. 6) The postnatal thickening of the Calvaria (Squama frontalis - Tuber frontale, Os parietale - Tuber parietale). 7) The development, size and position of the Foramina parietalia. 8) The postnatal development of the Protuberantiae gyrorum and Sulci meningei. PMID- 7235270 TI - [The anatomic variants of the lingual nerve in human (author's transl)]. AB - The authors studied the lingual nerve in 24 human heads through medial discovering after cutting the heads in the mediosagittal plan. In the 48 heads halved, plexiform roots of the lingual nerve were observed in 8.3%, while in 4.1% the origin of the nerve was formed by 2 roots. In 25%, between the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves connection bridges were found, represented either by only one nervous branch or 2-3 branches. The inferior and of the connection branches presents a similar structure to that of the vegetative ganglion. In 12.5% there were displayed 2 nervous branches destined to the lateral and medial pterygoid muscle and palatoglossal muscle. In 33.3%, one of the terminal branches of the mylohyoid nerve after perforating the homonymous muscle, anastomoses with the lingual nerve in the lateral sulcus of the tongue (Sulcus lateralis linguae) achieving, in the author's opinion, the "mylohyoid or sublingual curl". Considering these facts, in the author's opinion, the mylohyoid nerve is a mixed nerve which transmits, trough the anastomotic branch, the sensitive and postganglionar vegetative fibres to the lingual nerve. PMID- 7235271 TI - Multiple mechanisms of pain inhibition intrinsic to the central nervous system. PMID- 7235272 TI - Pharmacokinetic modelling of thiopental. PMID- 7235273 TI - Coronary artery occlusion--a complex regional disease. PMID- 7235274 TI - Pharmacokinetics and plasma binding of thiopental. I: Studies in surgical patients. AB - The pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding of thiopental were investigated in 5 female patients who received a bolus intravenous dose of the drug for induction of anesthesia for gynecologic surgery. Blood samples were collected for 3 to 4 days after the dose. Plasma protein binding determinations were also carried out by ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis on samples from a panel of healthy volunteers. Plasma concentrations of thiopental were determined by reverse-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography. The coefficient of variation of the method was 2.8 per cent (n equals 10). In healthy volunteers, the plasma protein binding of thiopental was concentration dependent. Percentage bound ranged from 96.7 (n equals 4, SD equals 0.8) at 150 micrograms/ml. Therefore, saturation of binding sites on rapid administration of the drug may occur, exposing vital organs to unexpectedly high concentrations of free drug. Values of the fraction of thiopental bound in plasma obtained from the surgical patients during the hour following drug administration were similar to values obtained in healthy volunteers at comparable concentrations. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters obtained for thiopental in the surgical patients were as follows: initial distribution volume 13.81 (SD equals 9.4), apparent volume of distribution 233 1 (SD equals 98), volume of distribution at steady state 97.51 (SD equals 40), elimination half-life 11.5 h (SD equals 1.0) and systemic plasma clearance 0.150 l/min (SD equals 0.063). None of these parameters correlated with body weight. Values reported by other workers vary from ours and this variation may be explained by the much shorter duration of blood collection used in those studies. PMID- 7235275 TI - Pharmacokinetics and plasma binding of thiopental. II: Studies at cesarean section. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of pregnancy on the disposition of thiopental and to determine the major factors which influence the placental transfer of the drug to the fetus. Maternal venous (MV) and umbilical venous (UV) and arterial (UA) blood samples were collected at delivery from 11 pregnant women at term who received thiopental for induction of anesthesia for elective cesarian section. A detailed study of the pharmacokinetics of thiopental was carried out in 7 of these subjects and blood samples were collected for 80 to 100 hours following thiopental administration. A transient rise in thiopental plasma concentration was observed at delivery. Mean values of pharmacokinetic parameters (plus or minus SD) were: initial distribution volume (V1) 17.31 (plus or minus 8.5), apparent volume of distribution (Vdbeta) 564 1 (plus or minus 343), volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) 2881 (plus or minus 180), systemic plasma clearance (Clp) 0.286 l/min (plus or minus 0.156), rate of change of volume of distribution at zero time (RVd0) 1.03 l/min (plus or minus 0.36) and elimination half-life (t1/2) 26.1 h (plus or minus 12.6). Comparison of these data with our previously reported data in nonpregnant surgical patients shows that Vdbeta, Vss, T1/2 are significantly greater at cesarian section (P less than 0.05) and that systemic plasma clearance shows a similar trend. UA and UV values at delivery were similar within individuals. There was no correlation between the ratio UV/MV at delivery and the dosing-delivery interval (delta t), or between UV and the administered dose or delta t. There were good correlations between UV (corrected for dose) and the reciprocals of V1, Vdbeta, Vss, and plasma clearance of thiopental. This demonstrates that differences in maternal distribution and elimination characteristics of thiopental may be more important determinants of intersubject differences in fetal drug exposure than differences in dose or delta t. PMID- 7235276 TI - The effect of halothane on reflexes elicited by acute coronary artery occlusion in the dog. AB - Acute myocardial infarction in the intra or perioperative period may be accompanied by either bradycardia and hypotension or tachycardia and hypertension. Different degrees of activation of cardiac and arterial receptors stimulated by the infarction may produce the seemingly dichotomous results. When infarction occurs intraoperatively, the effects of anesthesia may also play a role on the reflex responses observed. This study was performed for two reasons: 1) to study the effects of acute coronary artery occlusion (ACO) on vascular resistance; and 2) to study the effects of halothane (H) anesthesia on this ACO reflex. Snare occlusions of the left coronary arteries were performed in pentothalanesthetized mongrel dogs, and changes in arterial pressure, left ventricular length, hindlimb vascular resistance, and lumbar sympathetic efferent nerve activity were measured during 30- to 60-s occlusions at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 per cent end tidal halothane concentrations. ACO produced a consistent depressor response, produced by withdrawal of sympathetic efferent activity, that was significantly attenuated by vagotomy. Increasing levels of H blunted the reflex depression in vascular resistance, and also produced decreases in baseline resistance and increases in left ventricular and diastolic length (LVEDL). Vagotomy blunted the dose-dependent decrease in baseline resistance with H. Therefore, the study has shown that: 1) ACO activates vagal afferents to initiate a reflex decrease in vascular resistance; 2) this reflex dilation is attenuated with increasing levels of H; and 3) by producing increases in LVEDL,H stimulates cardiac receptors and reflexly reduces vascular resistance. PMID- 7235277 TI - The effect of diazepam on the cerebral metabolic state in rats and its interaction with nitrous oxide. AB - It has previously been shown in rats that diazepam alone has no effect on the cerebral metabolic rate (CMRO2) but that it interacts with nitrous oxide to produce a 40 per cent reduction in the CMRO2 value. In the present study, the effect of sedative doses of diazepam on the cerebral energy state, glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and amino acid metabolism in rats was determined in the presence and absence of a simultaneous administration of 70 per cent nitrous oxide, 45 s to 30 min after the diazepam injection. The metabolic response was very similar in the two groups despite the differences in metabolic rates of oxygen consumption. There were no changes in the cortical concentrations in ATP, ADP, AMP, phosphocreatine and creatine. The brain glycogen concentration was elevated during diazepam sedation, whereas brain glucose levels remained close to normal values except at 30 min after administration of diazepam alone, when the glucose level showed a 30 per cent increase. The onset of diazepam sedation was associated with an inhibition of glycolysis at the phosphofructokinase step in both groups. The reduced pyruvate concentration subsequently leads to a reduction in the pool size of the citric acid cycle intermediates. The concentrations of alanine and glutamate decreased during the period of diazepam sedation, while those of aspartate and glutamine increased. GABA and ammonia concentrations remained unchanged. Based on the cerebral metabolic response, the onset of diazepam sedation appears to be associated with an inhibition of rate of metabolism (glycolysis), both in the presence and absence of nitrous oxide. In that respect, diazepam has a metabolic profile similar to barbiturates. PMID- 7235278 TI - Reproduction and fetal development in mice chronically exposed to enflurane. AB - Reproductive indices and developmental toxicity were evaluated in Swiss/ICR mice chronically exposed to a subanesthetic (0.01 or 0.1 per cent) or an anesthetic (0.5/1.0 per cent) concentration of enflurane. Pregnant mice (443) and fetuses (4743) were examined. In one experiment, groups of females were exposed to 0.01, 0.1, or 0.5/1.0 per cent enflurane for 4 hours per day, 7 days per week for 3 weeks; they were then mated with unexposed males. Exposure of females was continued daily throughout pregnancy. No adverse effects on fertility were observed at any dosage. At the highest dosage, 1.0 per cent, minor developmental variations occurred (i.e., lumbar ribs and increased renal pelvic cavitation). In a second experiment, groups of mice were exposed to 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 per cent enflurance only on days 6 through 15 of pregnancy for 4 hours per day, after having been mated with untreated males. Abnormalities (i.e., increased incidence of cleft palate, minor skeletal and visceral anomalies, and developmental variants) were again seen only at the highest dosage. In a third experiment, male mice were exposed to 0.01, 0.1 or 0.5/1.0 per cent enflurane for 11 weeks for 4 hours per day, 5 days per week, prior to mating with unexposed females; results of this experiment were negative. In general, enflurane treatments did not adversely affect reproductive indices. Effects on fetal development were minimal, being somewhat greater than those reported in previous experiments with methoxyflurane but less than those seen with halothane. The smallest exposure at which effects were seen was approximately 100 times greater than the level of human occupational exposure in unscavenged operating rooms. PMID- 7235279 TI - Intrathecal morphine in a parturient with a single ventricle. PMID- 7235280 TI - Response of a patient with atypical pseudocholinesterase to small intermittent succinyldicholine doses. PMID- 7235281 TI - Bullae formation from a contoured stethoscope. PMID- 7235282 TI - Allen's test--neither positive nor negative. PMID- 7235283 TI - The need for a clearer distinction between anesthesia and analgesia in relation to the opiate system. PMID- 7235284 TI - The dorsal root ganglion as a site of blockade during epidural anesthesia. PMID- 7235286 TI - Environmental parasitology - new trend of research. PMID- 7235285 TI - Permanent paralysis of C-5 after cannulation of the internal jugular vein. PMID- 7235287 TI - [Human tapeworm findings in Gottwaldov]. AB - The author deals with the problems of taeniidoses in the region of Gottwaldov and informs about findings of taeniidoses in the parasitological laboratory at OHS Gottwaldov from 1956-1978. During this period of time 31,502 patients were examined because of enteroparasites, and taeniarhynchosis was determined in 355 cases (1.1%). Taenia sodium was only shown in 2 cases. Hymenolepis nana was shown with 18 patients (0.06%). Furthermore 3 cases of echinococcoses in human beings are described, once in the heart, twice in the lungs. In the text there is also a reference to the experiences in treatment. The author points out that taeniidoses have been registered (Surveillance method) in Czechoslovakia since 1979. PMID- 7235288 TI - [Diagnosis of cysticercosis using the intradermal test]. AB - 56 healthy rabbits were inoculated with the active Cysticercus each into lateral ventricle of the brain, the white substance of the brain and into Spatium subarachnoideale. Rabbits were killed after 32 weeks p.i. Then their brains were macro- ev. microscopically investigated. The positive seroreactions (ringpreciptitation reaction and the latex-test) were observed at the beginning of the second week after infection. Curve of the titers was revealed two tops: first one between 6-7 weeks, second one 16-22 weeks after infection. All rabbits except one reacted positive on the application of the Cysticercus antigen. The control group consisted of the 8 rabbits revealed negative serological and immunological reactions. Three groups of the cerebral cysticercosis, dependent on the localization of the cysticerci in the brains, were observed: oedema form, hydrocephalous form and tumor form. These forms as well as the symptoms are similar to the human cerebral cysticercosis. PMID- 7235289 TI - [Demonstration of the comparative relationship of the fish genus Merluccius on the basis of parasite infestation]. AB - Continuing the discussion on the theory of SZIDAT (1961) on the development and propagation of the genus Merluccius Cuvier & Rafinesque proved by infestation of parasites the digenean species Elythrophalloides merlucci SZIDAT, 1955 was investigated and declared as a synonym of Elythrophallus (Parahemirus) oatesi (leiper & Atkinson, 1914), together with Elytrophallus (P.) australis (Woolcock, 1935) and E. (P.) lovettiae (Crowcroft, 1947). Probably this species was distributed on the Pacific Coast of Gondwana. The far distances of to day distribution are to be proved by the continental drift. In favour of a northatlantic centre of development the point of view of SZIDAT is declined according to Ho (1974). PMID- 7235290 TI - [Harvest mite Neotrombicula autumnalis in the Leipzig area]. AB - The paper describes an isolated population of the plague-causing harvest mite, Neotrombicula autumnalis autumnalis (Trombiculidae) in the Leipzig area. The focus has an area of about 20 km2 and extends from the eastern outskirts of the city to the built-up sections with a strong anthropogenic impact. It seems to have existed within these limits for at least five decades, with some variation in space and time. The surrounding area is free from Neotrombicula autumnalis, except for two unstable and temporary small populations 7 and 14 km away, respectively. The leipzig population of harvest mites does not prefer river courses, and it does not settle in valley plains with wet soils and woods nor does it prefer the margins of stagnant waters. PMID- 7235291 TI - [The large island--impressions of a medical parasitological trip to Madagascar]. AB - The course of an investigation trip through Madagascar is sketched. It allowed to analyze the parasitological situation. It is explained with the sociological and economical facts and the unusual fauna of this island. The two biggest problems are Malaria tropica and schistosomatosis (bilharziasis). Further, Ancylostoma, Ascaris, taeniids, and Wuchereria occur. Plague is rare. Fasciola gigantica has been introduced since short time only. Introduction of other parasites must be feared. Sleeping illness and nagana are lacking, as well as rabies, yellow fever, Fasciola hepatica, Echinococcus granulosus, Hymenolepis nana, Trichinella spiralis and Dracunculus medinensis. Effective control measures may not be reasonable at present because of the socio-economic structure as a result of the former colonial status. PMID- 7235293 TI - [Occlusion of the superior vena cava: surgical treatment]. PMID- 7235292 TI - [Study of feces for parasitic stages]. AB - A modification of faeces or soil (1 kg) examination technique for parasitic eggs and cysts is presented. The method is based on sedimentation (30 min) in a large measuring cylinder combined either with a biological test (hatching miracidia technic) or with a flotation method. For the flotation technique the solution of Kalium iodide (sp. grav. 1,3) is used. The use of kalium iodide is advantageous because the saturated solution reaches over 1,7 sp. gr. at the laboratory temperature. PMID- 7235294 TI - [Supraclavicular sympathectomy]. PMID- 7235295 TI - [Primary deep venous thrombosis of the upper limb. Epidemiologic and pathogenetic considerations]. PMID- 7235296 TI - [Doppler evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics: comparison with other methods]. PMID- 7235297 TI - [Clinico-biological evaluation of the effect of Triflusal in arteriosclerotic patients with a high risk of thrombosis. A long-term study]. PMID- 7235298 TI - [Subclavian artery aneurysm resulting from scalene syndrome and cervical rib]. PMID- 7235300 TI - Finger systolic pressures and skin temperatures in severe Raynaud's syndrome: the relationship to healing of skin lesions and the use of oral phenoxybenzamine. AB - Systolic pressures and skin temperatures were studied in 23 patients with severe Raynaud's syndrome who were given oral phenoxybenzamine. There was a relationship between the measurements and the severity of the disease. Statistically significant correlation was found between the measurements and the time for healing of skin lesions. The chances of early healing are high when digital systolic pressure exceeds 55 mm Hg, the branchial-finger pressure difference is less than 50mm Hg, and the maximal difference among fingers less than 30 mm Hg. Early healing is also likely when finger temperature of 10 degree C or more above room temperature is achieved during "reflex" heating and the difference in temperature among fingers is less than 4 degree C. Therefore, the measurements are of value in the determination of prognosis. Rest pain, local tenderness, trophic skin changes, and vasospastic phenomena improved in the majority of patients soon after beginning treatment with phenoxybenzamine. Some side effects, usually minor, were common but with doses not exceeding 50 mg used in this study they were usually not trouble-some and the drug was tolerated well. Phenoxybenzamine is a valuable drug in the treatment of patients with severe vasospastic disease. PMID- 7235299 TI - Comparison of safety and efficacy of buflomedil and naftidrofuryl in the treatment of intermittent claudication. AB - In a group of 58 patients with peripheral arteriopathies, we have studied efficacy and safety of buflomedil hydrochloride and naftidrofuryl. Both drugs have been shown to have vasoactive properties evaluated through walking capacity and time of hyperemia. According to our results, buflomedil is more effective and safe than naftidrofuryl in the treatment of patients with intermittent claudication. PMID- 7235301 TI - The pulmonary artery segment in normal and in valvular pulmonary stenosis. AB - 1. The length and arrow or the PAS of 130 normal cases were measured, respectively. The BSA (m2) ranged between 0.30--2.05, and the ages between 6 months and 40 years. 2. Seventy-three cases VPS were divided into four groups according to the peak SPRV: Group 1, less than 50 mm Hg; Group 2, from 50--75 mm Hg; Group 3, from 75--150 mm Hg; and Group 4, with more than 150 mm Hg. The length and arrow of the PAS was measured. The age of the patient ranged from 4- 38 years. 3. In normal cases, the PAS was a straight line or presented a slight concavity in 30% of the cases. 4. In cases of VPS all of them had a slight or marked bulging of the PAS, except one in Group 1 (6.6%); two in Group 2 (11%); three in Group 3 (10%); and one in Group 4 (8.3%). Marked convexity (more than 10 mm of arrow of this segment) was found one time in Group 1 (6.6%); three times in Group 2 (16%); three times in Group 3 (10%); and twice in Group 4 (16%). 5. In normal cases the length and the arrow of the PAS tend to have greater values when the BSA is higher. When the arrow of the segment is above 5 mm and the length higher than 50 mm, irrespective to the patient's age, we must be facing an abnormal finding and all those diseases capable of giving an abnormal PAS should be considered. 6. We want to stress the importance of obtaining a proper roentgenogram to assess, with accuracy, the quantitative and qualitative data needed to do a correct interpretation of the cardiac silhouette. PMID- 7235302 TI - Ratio of total amplitude to diastolic wave on the apexcardiogram. Findings in aortic regurgitation and other cardiac lesions. AB - Utilizing the apexcardiogram, the ratio of total amplitude to the height of the total diastolic wave was determined. Compared with a mean (+/- 1 SD) value of 21 +/- 4% for normal subjects there were statistically significant differences in those patients with isolated aortic regurgitation (30 +/- 10%, P = 0.01), aortic stenosis (12 +/- 11%, P less than 0.025) and mitral insufficiency (14 +/- 8%, P less than 0.025). There were no significant changes of this ratio in subjects with combined aortic stenosis and insufficiency (24 +/- 9%, P less than 0.25), triple vessel coronary artery disease (19 +/- 7%, P less than 0.25) and mitral valve prolapse (23 +/- 10%, P less than 0.35). There was a trend for higher ratio values in patients with greater angiographic evidence of aortic insufficiency, but no correlation between the ratio and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. These alterations of the apexcardiogram accord with hemodynamic findings in the presence of each respective lesion. It is concluded that this ratio is useful for the noninvasive assessment of isolated aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis and mitral insufficiency. PMID- 7235304 TI - Focal arteries of the breast. AB - The fourth case of focal (isolated) arteritis of the breast is reported. The lesions, which may be unilateral or bilateral, presents as a painful or tender mass and has been confused clinically with carcinoma. Arteritis, either necrotizing or granulomatous, may occur as an isolated phenomenon restricted to a solitary organ; it does not necessarily imply concurrent or subsequent systemic vasculitis. PMID- 7235303 TI - Can subclavian steal simulate angina pectoris? PMID- 7235305 TI - Comparative long-term results of patients with carotid artery stenosis. AB - Of 78 patients with an internal carotid artery stenosis a thrombendarterectomy was performed in 46 patients whereas 32 patients were treated by conservative methods. The clinical follow-up over a period of 10 years was investigated. The percentage of patients who received drugs for anticoagulation was equal in both groups. Operated patients acquired a permanent neurologic deficit in 3% and nonoperated patients in 69%. The physical capacity improved in 92% of the operated and in 64% of patients treated conservatively. At the time of reexamination 78% of the operated and 34% of the nonoperated patients were living. The cause of death was cardiac in 42% of both groups and cerebral in 11% of the operated and in 32% of the nonoperated patients. PMID- 7235306 TI - Lymphatic abnormalities in protein-losing gastropathy, especially in Menetrier's disease. AB - Histopathologic and lymphographic studies were performed in 4 patients with protein-losing gastropathy to elucidate the degree of lymphatic disorders and their contribution to clinical features. Histologic examination of gastric mucosa showed various degrees of hyperplasia of the surface epithelium and cystic dilatation of glands, which were considered to be characteristic findings of protein losing gastropathy. Moreover, in 3 of 4 patients there were edematous change of the lamina propria or the submucosa, and marked lymphangiectasia was seen in the submucosa of 3 patients and in the lamina propria of the other. Performed lymphograms showed an increase in the number of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes in the iliopelvic and lumbar regions of 2 of the patients. This high incidence of lymphatic abnormalities in patients with protein-losing gastropathy suggested that such systemic lymphatic disorders were an important etiologic factor. However, such abnormalities in lymphatic system were not demonstrated in all cases of protein-losing gastropathy. Therefore, lymphatic disorders were not considered to be the primary cause of gastric protein loss, but the important factor that modifies the variety of lost protein and its clinical features. PMID- 7235307 TI - Isolated profunda femoris artery occlusion: the mechanism of thigh claudication studied by 99mTc muscle clearance from the thigh and calf. AB - 99mTc muscle clearance from the gastrocnemius and quadriceps and ankle pressure measurements have been studied in 5 limbs of 5 patients with an isolated profunda femoris artery occlusion shown on the aortogram. The changes of flow and pressure which occurred after exercise may explain the hemodynamics of thigh claudication which is the consequence of thigh deprivation in favour of calf flow. PMID- 7235308 TI - Invasive and noninvasive phonocardiography and orifice-view aortography in the diagnosis of left ventricular outflow obstruction. AB - Phonocardiography and orifice-view aortography for the detection of valvular and subvalvular stenosis is reviewed. Intracardiac phonocardiography may be useful in detecting a left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and in distinguishing it from other conditions that can produce an apparent pressure gradient during cardiac catheterization. The frequency analysis of heart sounds on noninvasive phonocardiograms may be useful in identifying subclinical aortic stenosis. Orifice-view aortography can show the anatomy of deformed aortic valves and is useful in measuring the orifice area. In patients with heavily calcified valves, plain orifice-view roentgenograms may enable one to assess the valve area. Therefore the use of these techniques in selected patients may help establish a definitive diagnosis. PMID- 7235309 TI - Heart block in Marfan's syndrome. AB - Marfan's syndrome is classified as a heritable disorder of connective tissue in which the supporting structure is involved in clinical and pathologic alterations. In its classic form the syndrome is associated with abnormalities of the eye, aorta, and the skeleton. Conduction disturbances and ventricular arrhythmias have rarely been described in this syndrome. In this brief case report a patient with symptomatic heart block, prolonged atrial-His interval and ventricular arrhythmia in whom a permanent ventricular pacemaker has been implanted, is described. PMID- 7235310 TI - Systemic arterial compliance and diastolic runoff in essential hypertension. AB - Systemic arterial compliance was estimated in 31 men, including 15 patients with sustained essential hypertension and 16 normal subjects of the same age. Values were derived from analysis of the monoexponential blood pressure-time curve during diastole, according to a simple viscoelastic model. In normal subjects, baseline arterial compliance was 2.56 +/- 0.18 ml/mm Hg. A significant decrease (1.88 +/- 0.13 ml/mm Hg; P less than 0.001) was observed in hypertensives. Administration of vasoactive substances (angiotensin and sodium nitroprusside) showed that, for the same blood pressure levels, normal subjects and hypertensives had similar values for compliance. However, the correlation between the basal values of diastolic pressure and compliance was significant in normal subjects (r = --0.76) but not in hypertensives (r = --0.33); these results suggested differences between acute and long-term conditions in patients and controls. Calculated diastolic runoff was similar in both groups, approximating 58 and 55% of the stroke volume respectively. This study provides evidence that, in sustained essential hypertension, (1) the reduced arterial compliance cannot be related exclusively to the level of blood pressure, but also requires some abnormality of the volume of large arteries, and (2) the reservoir role of the large arteries is maintained. PMID- 7235311 TI - Wolff-Parkinson-White bigeminal pattern after administration of tensilon. AB - A rare case of WPW bigeminal pattern was recorded in a 53-year-old man. This electrocardiographic pattern occurred after 10 mg tensilon was given intravenously to suppress a supraventricular tachycardia. WPW bigeminal pattern was terminated after intravenous administration of 100 mg lidocaine and the occurrence of a PVB. We assume that tensilon inducing a vagal effect on the anomalous pathway and changes in the heart rate has caused WPW bigeminal pattern. PMID- 7235313 TI - Case report: persistent hypoglossal artery. PMID- 7235312 TI - Subungueal-splinter hemorrhage an early sign of thromboangiitis obliterans. AB - Subungueal splinter hemorrhage (S.U.S.H.) has been reported in various conditions and may herald a serious systemic disease. It has been related to miscellaneous conditions such as: subacute bacterial endocarditis, severe rheumatoid arthritis, uninfected mitral stenosis, trichinosis, peptic ulcer, hypertension, neoplasm, trauma, and in some cases, is considered idiopathic. Some dermatologic conditions such as psoriasis, dermatitis, and fungal infections may also produce S.U.S.H. It consists of "a homogeneous mass of blood in a layer of squamous cells, adherent to the under surface of the nail, considered to be of embolic origin." In a brief review of pertinent medical literature on thromboangiitis obliterans, we were unable to find a description of its occurrence in this disease. The earliest lesions described in this condition are "painful vesicles on the pulp of digits with intense hyperemia and hypersensitivity of the surrounding skin." It is our opinion that S.U.S.H. is an earlier and quite useful sign of arterial involvement as seen in the following cases observed in our vascular disease section. PMID- 7235314 TI - Kicking, rocking, and waving: contextual analysis of rhythmical stereotypies in normal human infants. AB - I analysed the triggering contexts of over 14,000 bouts of rhythmical stereotypies of the legs, arms, and whole torso observed in 20 normal infants during their first year. Infant stereotypies were elicited by a wide variety of contexts including non-alert states, interactions with the caregiver and other persons, feeding situations, object interest, and kinaesthetic changes. The frequency of stereotypy in all contexts was a function of age. Non-alert states and interactions with the caregiver were disproportionately associated with leg and torso stereotypies. The relationship between these human stereotypies and the function and control of stereotyped behavior in other species is discussed. PMID- 7235315 TI - Placenta on pups' skin accelerates onset of maternal behaviour in non-pregnant rats. AB - Previous research has indicated that virgin rats (Rattus norvegicus) behave maternally (sensitize) more rapidly in close proximity with pups. Since both parturient rats and a large percentage of virgin rats avidly consume placenta, we tested whether placenta and amnionic fluid, pups and therefore hasten the onset of maternal behaviour. The results indicated that the procedure indeed shortened the maternal sensitization latency. Furthermore, this effect was not due to the wetness of the pups, to the presence of placenta in the cage, or to the adults having previously ingested placenta. Other attractive ingestibles applied to the pups' skin produced an intermediate, but not significant, shortening of the maternal sensitization latency. PMID- 7235316 TI - Sleeping bradycardia during recovery from childhood status asthmaticus. AB - Seventeen of 67 children recovering from status asthmaticus developed sleeping bradycardia. They were compared to a control population of asthmatic children who did not develop sleeping bradycardia and differed only in the low heart rate. The authors speculate that this phenomenon is due to a combination of withdrawal of sympathomimetic stimulation and catch-up in REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. PMID- 7235317 TI - Clinical accuracy of updated version of the Phadebas RAST test. AB - The clinical sensitivity and specificity of an updated version of the Phadebas RAST test were superior to that of the conventional Phadebas system. In comparison to a three-hour first incubation, an overnight first stage incubation did not contribute to an improvement in the over-all clinical effectiveness of the test system. However, the prolonged first stage incubation did contribute to a better resolution between the normal, non-atopic control group and the atopic patient population. PMID- 7235318 TI - Pulmonary edema and iododerma induced by potassium iodide in the treatment of asthma. PMID- 7235319 TI - Bronchospasm precipitated by ophthalmic instillations of timolol. PMID- 7235320 TI - Flunisolide intranasal solution combined with intrabronchial steroids in adults with both bronchial asthma and perennial rhinitis. AB - Because the simultaneous use of more than one form of topical corticosteroid involves higher cumulative doses and, therefore, more potential for absorption, this study was concerned primarily with effect on adrenal function. Seventeen adults whose asthma symptoms had been stable for at least three months on 100-400 microgram/day of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol received flunisolide intranasal solution (200 microgram/day) combined with its intrabronchial form (1 mg/day) or with beclomethasone dipropionate bronchial aerosol (400 microgram/day). Utilizing a physician-blind, crossover design, each medication combination was administered for one month. Patient and physician evaluations revealed no significant differences in efficacy, adverse effects (complaints) or effect on adrenal function between the two combinations. Thus, the addition of intranasal flunisolide to intrabronchial flunisolide or beclomethasone did not appear to result in significant systemic absorption of corticosteroid above that which might have occurred as a result of the bronchial inhalation of corticosteroid medication alone during the pretrial period. PMID- 7235321 TI - The protective effect and duration of action of metaproterenol aerosol on exercise-induced asthma. AB - Ten asthmatic subjects performed two exercise tests two hours apart on two separate days after inhalation of metaproterenol metered dose aerosol (1.5 mg) or placebo. Metaproterenol was effective in preventing exercise-induced asthma when administered 15 minutes before exercise but the duration of this protective effect was less than two hours in most subjects. PMID- 7235322 TI - Allergen community in pollen from certain tree species. AB - In a group of patients atopic to tree pollen the authors found that the skin reactions to six tree-pollen extracts in three ten-fold dilutions had roughly the same correlation coefficient as those for two identical extracts (0.74) e.g., between poplar and willow and among hazel, alder, birch, oak, and beech. PMID- 7235324 TI - More about sublingual food testing. PMID- 7235323 TI - A comparison of the plasma profiles of two slow-release theophylline preparations (Nuelin depot and Theo-dur) in healthy volunteers. AB - Fourteen healthy volunteers were given Theo-Dur or Nuelin Depot 250 mg b.i.d. in a cross-over study. Almost identical plasma concentrations of theophylline were found after both preparations, as assessed from plasma level measurements performed before intake and on several occasions up to 12 hours after intake of the ninth dose. PMID- 7235325 TI - More about sustained release tablet absorption. PMID- 7235326 TI - Tartrazine anaphylaxis. PMID- 7235327 TI - [International colloquim: Experimental colonic tumors. Their significance for the understanding of human colonic cancer]. PMID- 7235328 TI - [A rare case of continuous type spleno-gonadal fusion]. AB - The authors present a case of continuous spleno-testicular fusion in a three year old child and emphasize the rarity of this condition, on the basis of an examination of the literature. The pathogenic mechanisms and clinical characteristics of this condition are studied in the light of the reported cases, and are discussed. PMID- 7235329 TI - [Histogenesis of giant cell tumors of bone. comparative, ultrastructural and histo-enzymologic study of osteoforming tumors and malignant and giant cell tumors]. AB - Comparative ultrastructural and histoenzymological study of 10 osteogenic (4 osteosarcomas), osteolytic (3 benign giant cell tumours, 2 malignant osteoclastomas) and fibrosarcomatous osseous tumours of the jaw emphasised the analogies between osteoblasts and fibroblastic stromal cells of giant cell tumours. These two cell types, with their abundant granular ergastoplasm, secrete a collagen interstitial fibrillary substance which is capable of secondary calcification. Their enzyme activities, with regard to oxidative mechanisms and protein synthesis are identical. Osteogenic activity as assessed by ATPase and alkaline phosphatase, more marked than in osteosarcomas, is also found in the stroma of benign giant cell tumours. With regard to the plasmodes characteristic of giant cell tumours, they are certainly original from both a morphological and enzymological standpoint : richness in mitochondria and lysosomes, intensity of oxidative reactions (B.O.H.B.D. +++). Nevertheless, the morphological appearances seen would be more in favour of their stromal origin than in their arising from monocytes-macrophages coming from the blood. PMID- 7235330 TI - [Benign mesotheliomas of different coelomic cavities. Apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 7235331 TI - [Lipid levels of epithelial cells and parathyroid activity. Preliminary study of 30 patients]. AB - During surgical cervical exploration of 30 patients with hyperparathyroidism (primary or secondary) 67 specimens have been collected: 22 adenomas, 2 glands of primary hyperplasia and 28 glands of secondary hyperplasia (in 7 patients). Fat content of parenchymal cells has been studied using Oil Red O stain on cryostat cut sections: this content is very low in hyperactive lands (adenomas, primary or secondary hyperplasias) and high in normal or suppressed glands, even enlarged. There is no correlation between parenchymal fat and stromal fat. Practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 7235332 TI - [Ganglioglioma of the pineal body. General review apropos of a case]. AB - Case report of a woman of 66 with a more than 8 years duration pineal tumor. Post mortem examination of the anatomical specimen reveals 3 cellular types : pinealocytic, astrocytic and neuronal as components of a pineal ganglioglioma. Less than 10 cases of this tumor whose histogenesis is uncertain have been published. PMID- 7235333 TI - [Radio-induced ameloblastic odontosarcoma in the rat. Histological, autoradiographic and ultrastructural study of a case]. AB - A case of mandibular ameloblastic odontosarcoma in the rat is reported. This tumor was radio-induced by the local injection of radioactive cerium chloride and had a double ameloblastic and fibrosarcomatous tumour component associated with varying degrees of mineralisation of the dental tissues, enamel, dentine and osteocement. This case is compared with the several human and animal cases reported in the literature. However, the problem of the development of a fibrosarcoma within a pre-existent odontoma remains, even though in the case reported here the ameloblastic epithelial structures appeared to be highly abnormal and neoplastic. PMID- 7235334 TI - [Anatomo-pathologic lesions of kidneys in mice subjected to chronic stress]. AB - Three groups of white mice were used. The experiment took place over 138 days. The first Group was used as a control group. The second group was exposed to continuous stress (Population Stress). The third Group was exposed to chronic Stress by electroshock with 22-45 volts for a duration of 4 seconds each minute for one hour each day. The blood vessels are the first to be affected quickly followed by degenerative changes of the glomeruli, which are possible due to hemodynamic disturbances, results in progressive destruction of the kidneys. The following pathanatomical changes were found in the stressed kidneys. (1) Spasm of the arterioles and dilation of the veins. (2) Excavation of hemolysed RBC into Bowmans Capsule. (3) Retraction of the glomerula apparatus with degenerative changes of the cells which to a great extent reached total necrosis or even total destruction of the whole glomerulus. (4) Injury to the renal tubules : the cells of the renal tubules were found edematous with unclear borders between cells in the renal cortex and protoplasmic atrophy medullary cells. The observations derived from this work clearly show that stress causes functional disturbances and histologic changes in the kidneys of white mice. PMID- 7235335 TI - [Configuration and position of centrioles in mono- and multinuclear cells of giant cell tumors of the long bones]. AB - In multinuclear cells of giant cell tumours of long bones studied in biopsies and histiotypic cultures the centrioles were found to be grouped at a distance from the nuclei, forming a giant centrosphere made of diplosomes in equal number to that of the nuclei. This arrangement renders the possibility of new mitotic activity highly unlikely. By contrast, close contacts between multinuclear cells and stromal cells together with the collapse of membranes between cells in contact and the centriolar arrangement represent arguments in favour of genesis by fusion from mononuclear cells of stromal type, in common with many polykaryons. The multinuclear cells of these tumours would appear to represent only the final stage in the evolution of certain mononuclear cells. PMID- 7235336 TI - [Anatomo-pathologic study of biopsies taken in 250 exploratory laparotomies for Hodgkin's disease]. AB - During systematic laparotomies in patients with Hodgkin's disease, the spleen is removed and multiple visceral biopsies (lymph nodes, liver, bone marrow) are done. In 58,8% of the cases, the spleen is normal. In 41,2% of the patients, the spleen shows localizations of Hodgkin's disease. A tumoral spleen has sometimes a normal size (34,9% of the involved spleen). A huge spleen is not always involved by tumoral lesions (10% of the spleens without tumor). When the spleen is tumoral, lymph node involvement is more frequent and more diffuse. Generally the liver is not involved when the spleen is not tumoral. Hepatic tumoral localizations are disclosed by biopsies in 16% of the patients with splenic involvement. Bone marrow localization is found in 5,7% of the cases with splenic involvement. So exploratory laparotomy were precise pathological studies allow a better appreciation of the real extension of the lesions in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7235338 TI - The chronic emergency department patient. AB - The chronic emergency department visitor presents a common but largely unstudied problem. Using the criterion of one or more visits per month for a six-month period, a population of 16 frequent or chronic visitors was identified at our institution. These chronic visitors were predominantly single (94%), men (81%), with an average age of 48.5 years. Alcoholism was present in 87.5% and 56% were suffering from a chronic psychiatric condition. The majority were dependent on government support (75%) and lived alone (69%). Ambulance transport was used for 84% of the visits, but in only 6% of the visits was hospital admission required. We concluded that these patients became the responsibility of the ED by default because alcoholism or mental illness prevented their compliance with any therapeutic program. Furthermore, this group is at high risk for medical and traumatic illness, and the physician must not let familiarity lead to careless evaluation. Several suggestions for disposition are provided, for the diversion of one such patient to an alternate and more appropriate source of care creates enormous savings in medical time and expense. PMID- 7235337 TI - Acute phencyclidine intoxication: clinical patterns, complications, and treatment. AB - We describe four major and five minor clinical patterns of acute phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication and give the incidence of findings in each pattern. Major patterns were acute brain syndrome (248 cases; 24.8%), toxic psychosis (166 cases; 16.6%), catatonic syndrome (117 cases; 11.7%), and coma (106 cases; 10.6%). Minor patterns included lethargy or stupor (38 cases; 3.8%), and combinations of bizarre behavior, violence, agitation, and euphoria in patients who were alert and oriented (325 cases; 32.5%). Patients with major patterns of PCP toxicity usually required hospitalization and accounted for most complications. In general, patients with minor patterns had mild intoxication and did not require hospitalization except for the treatment of injuries or autonomic effects of PCP. Various types of injuries occurred in 16%, and aspiration pneumonia occurred in 1.0% of all cases. There were 22 cases of rhabdomyolysis (2.2%), with three patients requiring dialysis for renal failure. One patient who had been comatose from PCP died suddenly. A fresh pulmonary embolism was found at autopsy. PMID- 7235339 TI - Baseball injuries to the hand. AB - We conducted an epidemiological and etiological study of softball injuries to the hand in order to inform emergency medicine personnel of the high frequency and causative factors of these injuries. Injuries to the hand and fingers from baseball and softball comprised 2.2% of emergency department visits during this study. Most frequent injuries were: 1) sprain and sprain-fracture of the proximal IP joint (31.6%); and 2) the so-called "mallet" or "baseball finger" injury to the distal joint (18.9%). The 16-inch softball was the cause of more than two thirds of all these injuries, most of which occurred in patients between the ages of 11 and 30. Treatment recommendations are beyond the scope of this article. PMID- 7235340 TI - Occult clostridial myonecrosis. AB - Nontraumatic gas gangrene is extremely rare. It usually occurs following ulceration or perforation of an abdominal or pelvic viscus in persons having impaired host immune defenses. A fatal case of nontraumatic Clostridium septicum septicemia and myonecrosis in an elderly diabetic man with a perforated colon carcinoma is presented. The case illustrates the occult manner in which such cases typically present and the fulminant course of this disease. The need for rapid diagnosis and the current recommended treatment of gas gangrene are discussed. PMID- 7235341 TI - Nontraumatic clostridial myonecrosis: an infectious disease emergency. AB - A 64-year-old man presented with a history of four days of lower abdominal pain and 12 hours of cutaneous discoloration, bullae formation, and swelling of the soft tissues of abdominal wall and right thigh. Myonecrosis of abdominal wall and an adenocarcinoma of the cecum were found at operation. Cultures of blood and fluid from the bullae yielded Clostridium septicum. Nontraumatic clostridial myonecrosis is a fulminant, usually fatal disease that is most often the result of bacteremia from an occult gastrointestinal lesion. Ulceration of the colon or terminal ileum is the most common predisposing condition, and is usually due to gastrointestinal or hematological malignancy. Patients often present with nonspecific complaints, including pain at the affected site and fever. The disease progresses rapidly to include bronze discoloration, edema, and hemorrhagic bullous lesions of the skin, subcutaneous emphysema, and myonecrosis. Presumptive diagnosis often can be made by Gram stain of the bullous fluid that reveals gram-positive bacilli and a paucity of leukocytes. Favorable outcome depends on prompt institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy and surgical debridement of involved soft tissues, as well as correction of the underlying disorder. This disease should be considered to be a medical-surgical emergency. PMID- 7235342 TI - Free-standing emergency clinics: community development guidelines. AB - When a free-standing emergency clinic (FEC) unexpectedly opened in Montgomery County, Maryland, the local emergency medical services council thought the FEC's operational plan was in conflict with the community concept of emergency medical services (EMS). Because there were no agreed upon factual guidelines with which to judge the FEC, the council established a task force to study the problem and to develop standards and guidelines. This article is based on that report. We recommend that if a facility physically separate from a hospital uses the words "emergency" in offering medical services, it means at least 24 hours of operation with standards at least equal to those offered by the local EMS system. PMID- 7235343 TI - Medical care in the air. AB - Prehospital and interhospital emergency care is moving from the ground to the air, with the realization that such a move will further reduce the morbidity and mortality of the critically ill or injured patient. This move is not without inherent risks, for altitude and take-off further compromise the critical patient. To preclude this risk and improve air ambulance services, Indiana is adopting rules and regulations to govern the operation and administration of air ambulance services. Indiana is the first state to adopt air ambulance standards, although other agencies have established or are attempting to establish similar guidelines. PMID- 7235345 TI - Clostridial infections and the emergency department. PMID- 7235344 TI - Proximal saphenous vein cutdown. AB - An anatomical review and venesection technique for the proximal greater saphenous vein is described. It is recommended as an additional intravenous approach for rapid volume resuscitation in the patient with profound hypovolemic shock. PMID- 7235346 TI - Free-standing emergency clinics. PMID- 7235347 TI - Treatment for atrial flutter. PMID- 7235348 TI - Device for endotracheal route medication. PMID- 7235350 TI - Studying human intelligence by creating artificial intelligence. PMID- 7235349 TI - Athletic records and human endurance. PMID- 7235352 TI - The nature of man and physician. PMID- 7235351 TI - Natural and synthetic narcotic drugs. PMID- 7235354 TI - Inhibition of exercise-induced asthma by a calcium antagonist, nifedipine. AB - Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle and release of mediators by mast cells are involved in asthmatic attacks and are calcium dependent. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a calcium antagonist, nifedipine, in asthma. Ten patients with asthma and documented exercise-induced bronchoconstriction exercised on 2 separate days after single-blind sublingual administration of 20 mg of placebo or nifedipine. The exercise-induced decreases in forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, and maximal expiratory flow after exhalation of 50 and 75% of the forced vital capacity were not modified on placebo but were prevented by nifedipine. Ten other asymptomatic patients with asthma and documented exercise-induced bronchoconstriction were studied at rest before and 45 min after nifedipine. The forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, and maximal expiratory flows were initially reduced and did not increase after nifedipine. Thus, nifedipine does not modify the basal bronchial tone of patients with asthma but does prevent exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 7235355 TI - Relief of hypoxia-related bronchoconstriction by breathing 30 per cent oxygen. AB - Airway resistance decreases when hypoxemic subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) breathe 30% O2. To verify this finding and to localize the site of action of O2, flow-volume curves on air and helium-O2 mixtures were obtained before and after subjects breathed 30% O2. Patients with COPD and hypoxemia showed an increase in flow rates and a decrease in the density dependence of flow while breathing 30% O2. Atropine produced a similar change in flow rates and density dependence, but then no further change occurred with 30% O2. Five control subjects with COPD, who performed the same sequence of tests without breathing 30% O2, showed no change in flow rates or density dependence. Normal control subjects also showed no change in flow rates or density dependence while breathing 30% O2. Breathing 30% O2, relieves hypoxia-induced bronchoconstriction and appears to act on large airways. PMID- 7235353 TI - Smoking and lung function. AB - In a cross-sectional survey of 3 separate communities, we studied the white residents 7 year of age and older in order to determine the relation between cigarette smoking and lung function. We identified 2,817 nonsmokers, 664 ex smokers, and 1,209 smokers who were further classified as light smokers (1 to 20 cigarettes per day) and heavy smokers (greater than 20 cigarettes per day). Residual lung function (observed-predicted) was examined in these groups for forced expiratory volume in one second (rFEV1) and for maximal expiratory flow rates at 50% and 25% of the vital capacity (rVmax50% and rVmax 25%). Mean residuals by sex, age, and smoking category were compared and revealed an increasing progression of lung function loss with advancing age in males and females in all smoking categories. These age-related trends were due primarily to the amount smoked by persons in each group. The age of onset of these abnormalities was found to be as early as the age group 15 to 24 yr. Abnormalities were greater in smokers than ex-smokers, even when the amount smoked was taken into account. This is suggested improvement in lung function after cessation of smoking. Men and women were found to experience the same relative degree of gain. Also, the contribution of the various smoking habits to lung function loss was assessed using regression analyses and accounted for no more than 15% of the variation of the residual lung function. Combinations of variables were found to explain only slightly more variation than a single variable. The two most important variables were duration of smoking and pack years. Inhalation and use of filters were not significant. Although the same amount of variation explained by the smoking variables after accounting for age, height, weight, and sex was small, this variation accounted for almost all of the decrease, over age, in residual lung function for smokers and ex-smokers. PMID- 7235356 TI - Tuberculosis chemotherapy practices in major metropolitan health departments in the United States. PMID- 7235357 TI - Standardized single breath normal values for carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. AB - Prediction equations for DLCO and diffusing capacity per unit of lung volume (DL/VA) were generated from 245 normal subjects (122 women and 123 men) using a standardized technique for measuring DLCO. Measurements were made at an altitude of 1,400 meters. Multiple linear regressions were made using standard and robust regression techniques. The resultant equations predicted values for DLCO and DL/VA that were higher than most previously reported values. The use of robust regressions did not add to the predictability of standard linear regressions. PMID- 7235358 TI - Standardization of inhalation provocation tests: two techniques of aerosol generation and inhalation compared. AB - Comparison of methods of aerosol generation and inhalation is required to improve standardization of inhalation provocation tests. We compared two widely used methods in 10 asthmatics, by measuring the dose and distribution of radiolabeled aerosol deposited in the throat and lung, and the provocation concentration of inhaled histamine required to reduce the FEV1 by 20% (PC20). In one method, aerosol was generated by a DeVilbiss 646 nebulizer attached to a dosimeter, and was inhaled by 5 inspiratory capacity breaths. The measurements with each method were repeated once to determine the reproducibility of results. Both methods deposited the same dose in the lung, but the distribution of the dose was different; the dosimeter method deposited more aerosol in the throat and central airways. The PC20 obtained with each method was the same. The reproducibility of all measurements in the same subject was similar. The lung dose deposited by each method in different subjects varied to the same degree. The results indicated that the bronchial response to inhaled histamine can be measured as reliably using a nebulizer and tidal breathing as by a more complex dose-metering device. They also suggested that, when the methods are regulated as described, the PC20 will have the same clinical significance. PMID- 7235359 TI - The influence of active gas exchange on the slope of phase III at rest and after exercise. AB - Because exercise increases the slope of phase III of the single-breath nitrogen (SB-N2) test in normal persons, we hypothesized that this increase might be due to increased O2 consumption. During the prolonged expiration implicit in the SB N2 test, the amount of O2 absorbed is greater than the amount of CO2 eliminated. The decrease of gas in volume and the proportional increase in N2 concentration that result might, therefore, increase the slope of phase III, even at rest, but much more after exercise. To test this hypothesis, we had 10 normal volunteers perform SB-N2 tests and reversed SB-N2 tests (SB-R) before and after graded bicycle ergometer exercises. The SB-R test yielded a negative slope for phase III; however, an increasing N2 concentration during prolonged expiration tended to flatten this slope. At rest, the positive slope of phase III for the SB-N, test was steeper than the negative slope of phase III in the SB-R test by a mean +/- SD of 0.23 +/- 0.05% N2/L. After exercise, the slope of phase III of the SB N2 test increased, while that of the SB-R showed no change. These data suggested that active gas exchange, rather than mechanical factors, is responsible for the increased slope of phase III after exercise. The data also raised the possibility that the slope of phase III at rest is partly the result of gas exchange. PMID- 7235360 TI - Intravenous infusion of tolazoline reduces pulmonary vascular resistance and net fluid filtration in the lungs of awake, hypoxic newborn lambs. PMID- 7235362 TI - Quantitation and stability of the fifth component of complement (C5) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids obtained from non-human primates. AB - The functional activity and antigenic expression of the fifth component of complement (C5) in concentrated bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and serum samples obtained from 13 nonsmoking and 13 smoking baboons was quantified by specific hemolytic titration and radioimmunoassays. The number of C5H505 units per milligram of albumin in BALF obtained from nonsmoking and smoking baboons indicated a nearly 2-fold increase in C5 hemolytic activity in lavage fluids as compared to matched serum samples. No significant differences (p greater than 0.05) in C5 hemolytic or antigenic (radioimmunoassay) expression were evident between BALF samples obtained from nonsmoking and smoking baboons. C5 stability in BALF was indicated by the highly significant correlation (p less than 0.005) between C5 hemolytic activity and antigenic expression. The absence of C5 cleaving enzymes in BALF was verified by incubation of 125I-C5 with these fluids, followed by SDS5 polyacrylamide slab gel and autoradiographic analyses. These results demonstrated the presence and stability of substantial quantities of functionally active C5 in the secretions of primate lungs, which represents a readily available source of phlogistic fragments for the initiation of pulmonary inflammation. PMID- 7235363 TI - Focal pulmonary edema after massive pulmonary embolism. AB - We report here the occurrence of focal pulmonary edema within 4 h after massive acute pulmonary embolism. The edema appeared to develop only in areas with intact pulmonary arterial blood flow and occurred in the apparent absence of left ventricular dysfunction. This pattern of pulmonary edema after precapillary obstruction is similar to that seen in animal models of permeability pulmonary edema induced by acute nonuniform pulmonary arterial obstruction. PMID- 7235361 TI - Pulmonary clearance and phagocytic cell response to normal pharyngeal flora. AB - Because human lungs are repetitively inoculated with the normal bacterial flora of the pharynx, we determined the pulmonary clearance of representative species after aerosol inoculation of a murine model, and characterized the phagocytic cell response by bronchoalveolar lavage. Viable bacteria remaining in the lungs at 1, 2, and 4 h were: Streptococcus sanguis, 24%, 8%, and 1%; Streptococcus salivarius, 49%, 24%, and 5%; Neisseria catarrhalis, 69%, 49%, and 22%. Clearance of Streptococcus sanguis was associated with a twofold increase in alveolar macrophages (p less than 0.05); Streptococcus salivarius evoked a doubling of alveolar macrophages and a 20-fold rise in granulocytes (p less than 0.05); the response to Neisseria catarrhalis was a 400-fold increase in granulocytes (p less than 0.05). Thus, normal pharyngeal organisms are cleared rapidly from the lung by a dual phagocytic cell system. It is speculated that bacteria-phagocyte interaction allows the possibility of lung injury from proteolytic enzymes released from either set of phagocytes. PMID- 7235365 TI - The prevalence of serum antibodies to Legionella pneumophila in patients with chronic pulmonary disease. AB - Sera from 113 outpatient with chronic pulmonary disease and 76 control subjects were tested by the indirect immunofluorescent technique for serum antibodies against Legionella pneumophila. No patient had an antibody titer greater than or equal to 1:256, a titer presumptive for past or present infection by Legionella pneumophila. However, 2 patients had a titer of 1:126, and 9 patients had a titer of 1:64. The control group (n = 76) had titers no higher than 1:32 (p less than 0.01). Eight of the 11 patients with a titer greater than 1:64 were from the subgroup of 41 patients with asthma (p less than 0.05), but this correlation was not attributable to corticosteroid therapy. Only 3 of 35 patients receiving corticosteroids at greater than replacement dosage had titers greater or equal to 1:64. The clinical significance of a single titer below 1:256, observed in 11 patients, is unknown. PMID- 7235364 TI - Use of maximal expiratory flow-volume curves with air and helium-oxygen in the detection of ventilatory abnormalities in population surveys. AB - Flow-volume curves with air and helium, and spirometry were obtained in 423 subjects during epidemiologic health surveys; subjects were divided into 4 groups: nonsmokers and smokers not exposed to air pollutants at work, and nonsmoking and smoking grain elevator workers. The data obtained from 78 healthy nonsmokers who were not exposed to any air contaminants at work and had no respiratory symptoms were used to develop "normal" prediction equations for each of the following parameters: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximal mid-expiratory flow, maximal expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity while breathing air (Vmax50), the increase in Vmax50 after breathing a mixture of helium and O2 (delta Vmax50), and the volume of isoflow (VisoV). The prediction equations thus obtained from normal nonsmokers agreed with those published in the literature. The coefficient of variation was higher for delta Vmax50 (40.7%) and VisoV (57.6%) than for FEV1 (17.7%) or Vmax50 (27.7%). Comparison of results in smokers and nonsmokers who were not exposed to any air contaminants at work indicated that Vmax50 was the best test for discriminating the effect of cigarette smoking, whereas delta Vmax50 and VisoV were not significantly different. The FEV1 was the best discriminator of the effects of grain dust. There was poor concordance among FEV1, Vmax50, and delta Vmax50 or VisoV. We concluded that FEV1 and Vmax50 are more useful parameters than are delta Vmax50 and VisoV for detecting ventilatory abnormalities in a smoking, working population and in grain elevator workers. The results suggest that the addition of the more time-consuming test, the helium flow-volume curve, is unlikely to contribute any further useful information among the populations surveyed. PMID- 7235366 TI - A reassessment of the effects of oropharyngeal anesthesia in exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 7235367 TI - Fulminant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: report of a fatal case, and a review of the literature. PMID- 7235368 TI - Oronasal breathing and studies of effects of air pollutants on the lungs. PMID- 7235370 TI - Exercise increases sulfur dioxide-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects. AB - We undertook a study to determine whether moderate exercise modifies the bronchoconstriction produced by sulfur dioxide (SO2) in subjects with mild asthma. In 7 subjects, we compared the changes in specific airway resistance (SRaw) produced by 10 min of exercise alone (400 kpm/min on a cycle ergometer), inhalation of SO2 alone, and the combination of exercise and SO2. During all studies, a subject breathed SO2 and/or air from a mouthpiece. In 6 additional subjects, we compared the increase in SRaw produced by inhalation of SO2 during exercise with that produced by eucapnic hyperventilation with SO2. Neither inhalation of 0.05 ppm of SO2 at rest nor exercise or hyperventilation alone had any effect on SRaw. Inhalation of SO2 during exercise, however, significantly increased SRaw (from 8.46 +/- 3.58 L x cm H2O/L/s (mean +/- SD) to 18.16 +/- 10.05 at 0.05 ppm and from 8.07 +/- 2.69 to 10.48 +/- 4.49 at 0.25 ppm (p less than 0.05)). In the 2 most responsive subjects, inhalation of 0.10 ppm of SO2 during exercise also significantly increased SRaw. The SRaw increased by the same amount whether SO2 was inhaled during exercise or during eucapnic hyperventilation at the same minute ventilation, but the time course of the increase in SRaw was different. The SRaw was at or near maximal values at the first measurement (30 s) after hyperventilation but not until 2 to 4 min after exercise. When 4 subjects took larger breaths after inhaling SO2 during eucapnic hyperventilation to more closely match the volume of the breaths taken after exercise, the time courses of SO2-induced bronchoconstriction after hyperventilation and after exercise were nearly identical. These results suggested that exercise increases the bronchoconstriction produced by a given concentration of SO2 in subjects with asthma by increasing the minute volume of ventilation and that the delay in bronchoconstriction after exercise is due to the large tidal volumes that persist for some minutes during recovery. PMID- 7235369 TI - Indoor environmental determinants of lung function in children. AB - Using pulmonary function and family respiratory questionnaire data for 16,689 white children 6 to 13 yr of age from 7 geographic areas, the investigators examined the effect of several environmental and other factors on performance, in a standard test of breathing. As expected, FEV0.75 was correlated most strongly with age, height, and sex. A dose-response relationship was observed with maternal smoking habits and explained 0.1% of the variance. No effect caused by the father's smoking habits was observed. A decrease (p = 0.0524) in FEV among older girls was associated with the presence of a gas cooking stove in the home. Although the statistical significance of the decreases was largely attributable to the size of the sample, the decreases in FEV, even though small, were thought to be biologically significant. PMID- 7235371 TI - Pulmonary function and exercise gas exchange in survivors of adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Pulmonary function studies were performed on 13 survivors of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Six of these 13 patients had a forced vital capacity (FVC) and total lung capacity (TLC) less than 80% of predicted within 2 months of the onset of ARDS. Seven patients followed 6 months or more showed no significant difference between measured and predicted FVC (p = 0.26) or TLC (p = 0.12). The diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide was significantly lower than predicted normal values (p less than 0.001). Although the alveolar arterial oxygen tension gradient (delta AaPO2) was within the predicted normal range for 11 nonsmokers at rest, for 7 patients who exercised (1.0 less than VO2 less than 1.5 L/min), delta AaPO2 increased. The ratio of dead space to tidal volume decreased to less than 0.25 when VCO2 exceeded 1.0 L/min. We concluded that lung mechanics return to predicted normal values within 4 to 6 months after ARDS, but abnormalities of pulmonary gas exchange persist. Pulmonary vascular obstruction does not appear to explain persistent abnormalities of gas exchange. PMID- 7235372 TI - Adaptation to ozone: duration of effect. AB - Repeated ozone exposure induces an adaptative response whereby subsequent ozone exposure induces little or no pulmonary function change. The time course of the adaptation and the persistence of this adaptation was determined in 24 subjects. Subjects were studied for 125 min while they exercised intermittently. They were exposed to filtered air for 1 day and then in the next week for 5 consecutive days to 0.5 ppm ozone. After the fifth day, subjects were randomly assigned to return for one more ozone exposure at 1, 2, or 3 wk. The greatest decrement in FEV1 occurred on the second day of exposure. The number of consecutive ozone exposures required to produce adaptation varied from 2 to 5 days. Persistence of adaptation in ozone-sensitive subjects (initial decrease in FEV1 greater than 10%) showed marked individual variability, but the duration of adaptation was shortest for the more sensitive subjects. Adaptation, on the average, lasted for less than 2 wk, being as short as 7 days and as long as 20 days. We concluded that more sensitive subjects required more daily sequential exposures in order to adapt. PMID- 7235374 TI - Closing volumes with variations in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. AB - Increased closing volumes have been documented in patients in whom there was suspected to be early pulmonary edema due to increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. However, the relationship between the actual pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and closing volume has not been established. To attempt to define this relationship and to determine whether the closing volume might be a useful indicator of the onset of pulmonary edema, we measured the closing volume in dogs while sequentially increasing the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure by way of a left atrial balloon. We found a small but significant increase in closing volume (p less than 0.01) when a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 25 mm Hg was achieved, and it was at this pressure that pulmonary edema would hypothetically be expected to begin. PMID- 7235373 TI - Lack of sensitivity of measurements of Vd/Vt at rest and during exercise in detection of hemodynamically significant pulmonary vascular abnormalities in collagen vascular disease. AB - Wasted ventilation fraction (Vd/Vt) normally declines substantially during exercise in persons without lung disease. Failure of Vd/Vt to decrease during exercise has been reported to be one of the earliest abnormalities in patients with dyspnea caused by pulmonary vaso-occlusive disease, suggesting that measurement of Vd/Vt at rest and during exercise are useful in the diagnosis of pulmonary vascular disorders. We studied pulmonary hemodynamic and Vd/Vt responses to exercise in 11 patients in the supine position with suspected pulmonary vascular involvement caused by progressive systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or recurrent pulmonary emboli, 10 of whom had dyspnea at rest and/or on exertion. In contrast to previous reports of no change or an increase in Vd/Vt during exercise in patients with pulmonary vascular disease, we found Vd/Vt to decrease significantly during exercise in 8 of 9 patients in whom mean pulmonary artery pressures were abnormally elevated at rest and/or during exercise. Our findings suggest that normal responses of Vd/Vt to exercise do not exclude hemodynamically significant pulmonary vaso-occlusive disease. PMID- 7235376 TI - Respiratory induction plethysmography (Respitrace): an evaluation of its use in the infant. AB - Respiratory Induction Plethysmography (RespitraceTM) is a recently described method for noninvasive respiratory monitoring in adults. We report here on its calibration and use in 15 infants. Tidal volume, as measured by this method, was compared with the tidal volume integrated from a pneumotachygraph attached to a tightly fitted face mask. The 2 volumes had a correlation greater than 0.85 (p less than 0.001) with a slope between 0.9 and 1.1. The results were similar in both quiet and rapid eye movement sleep demonstrating that the method can accurately follow paradoxical inward rib cage movement. However, the accuracy decreased at respiratory rates above 80 breaths/min. When the minute ventilation was computed over the same sampling interval by both methods, the mean difference was +0.2 +/- 3.4% (+/- 1 SD) in quiet sleep and +0.8 +/- 4.5% in rapid eye movement sleep. We concluded that this is an accurate method of measuring long term minute ventilation and tidal volume in small infants, provided that both the calibration procedure and measurements are made in the same posture, and the infant's respiratory rate is less than 80 breaths/min. PMID- 7235375 TI - Pulmonary inflammation due to oxygen toxicity: involvement of chemotactic factors and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Although the pathogenesis of pulmonary oxygen toxicity is not fully understood, the fact that increased numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are found in the lung and that these increases coincide with the massive endothelial damage raises the possibility that PMN may contribute to lung injury caused by hyperoxia. In order to begin to elucidate a mechanism for this influx of PMN, we measured the chemoattractant activity for PMN of lung lavages of rats exposed to greater than 95% oxygen for various durations. We found that the chemoattractant activity of the lavages of the lungs of rats exposed to hyperoxia for 66 h was markedly increased (9.66 +/- 1.0 times greater) compared with activities in lavages of normoxic control rats. Furthermore, these increases in chemoattractant activity in lung lavages correlated well with increases in the number of PMN (7 times greater than that in normoxic control animals) in the alveolar lavages that occurred after the rats had been exposed to hyperoxia for 66 h. These increases were followed in a few hours by the death of most of the rats (71%). These findings suggested that a close temporal relationship exists between the generation of high concentrations of chemoattractants in lung lavages, PMN influx into lung lavages, and death of rats exposed to hyperoxia. The results supported the possibility that PMN may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary oxygen toxicity. PMID- 7235377 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. AB - A culture-proved case of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is described in which the typical findings of the adult respiratory distress syndrome developed. Rocky Mountain spotted fever should be added to the list of conditions associated with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. This case also illustrates the difficulties in distinguishing Rocky Mountain spotted fever from atypical measles. PMID- 7235378 TI - Branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Branhamella (Neisseria) catarrhalis is a saprophytic inhabitant of the human oropharynx with the capacity to cause infection, particularly in immunodeficient hosts. There have been 2 cases of Branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia reported in the literature. Two additional cases are described and the subject reviewed. An 80-yr-old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia presented with left lower lobe pneumonia. Gram stain of transtracheal aspirate revealed intraleukocytic and extraleukocytic gram-negative diplococci, and a beta-lactamase producing strain of Branhamella catarrhalis was cultured. Therapy with erythromycin resulted in resolution of symptoms and eradication of the organism. A 64-ye-old alcoholic man presented with fever and multiple seizures. Chest roentgenogram revealed left lower lobe pneumonia. Cultures of endotracheal aspirate and blood grew a strain of Branhamella catarrhalis sensitive to penicillin. Penicillin treatment resulted in resolution of pulmonary infiltrate and eradication of the organism. The potential for Branhamella catarrhalis to produce pneumonia and the choice of antimicrobial therapy is discussed. It is emphasized that this organism should not be assumed to be a "normal" isolate and that penicillin may be ineffective in the treatment of Branhamella catarrhalis infections. PMID- 7235379 TI - The tadpole-shaped structures in human non-necrotizing granulomas. AB - We scrutinized the secondary lysosomal vesicle of the epitheloid cell from 9 patients whose biopsy specimens show multiple non-necrotizing granulomas by light microscopy (LM). In 4 of the 9 patients, we found tadpole-shaped structures (TSS) approximately tenfold larger than the size of the mycobacteriophage by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, we used a plasma etching method on epon-embedded tissue and successfully demonstrated the stereoscopic appearance of the TSS by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The identified TSS were further analyzed with an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer for their microchemistry. The TSS appeared to be integral structures by TEM and SEM and did not contain any nonbiologic elements when analyzed with the X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer. Their location as well as their morphologic features and microchemistry suggested that the TSS are a microorganism and related to the formation of the granulomas in our 4 patients. PMID- 7235380 TI - Asthma in a rural highland area of Papua New Guinea. AB - Asthma is uncommon in the rural areas of Papua, New Guinea. Since 1976 an increasing number of people in the Fore linguistic group of the Eastern Highlands have been reported to have acute dyspnea responding to bronchodilator tablets. A preliminary investigation was undertaken to determine if these people had asthma. Forty-six patients who had been given bronchodilator therapy during the previous two years were examined by history, physical examination, lung function, methacholine provocation, skin prick tests, and IgE measurement. Nineteen patients had asthma with increased bronchial reactivity--defined as a 20% fall in FEV, after less than 0.75 mg of methacholine, or a greater than 20% rise in FEV1 after orciprenaline aerosol--together with a history of intermittent breathlessness. Eighteen had irreversible chronic airflow obstruction, and in nine patients it was not possible to distinguish between asthma and irreversible airflow obstruction. All but two of the asthmatics were over the age of 20, their symptoms began between 2 and 8 years previously, all were atopic, and all had elevated serum IgE levels. Non had a prior history of rhinitis or eczema. No obvious change in the environment or life style was found to explain the recent onset of severe asthma in these people. PMID- 7235382 TI - Antibiotic choice in the nonoperative management of acute diverticulitis coli. PMID- 7235384 TI - The surgical therapy for perforated gastric cancer. AB - The treatment of nine cases of perforation secondary to gastric carcinoma was reviewed. Resectional therapy appears to be the preferred approach to perforated gastric cancer. When the patient's condition or the extent of the disease preclude gastrectomy, the technique of plication with omental patch proved to be a satisfactory alternative in this small series. A review of the literature disclosed conflicting views on the usefulness of this procedure for perforated gastric cancer. PMID- 7235381 TI - The hepatotoxicity of isoniazid among the three acetylator phenotypes. PMID- 7235383 TI - Glomerulotubular sodium dynamics after supplemental albumin resuscitation. PMID- 7235387 TI - Amputation stump infection in patients with retained thrombosed prosthetic vascular grafts. PMID- 7235386 TI - Arterial complications of ergotism. PMID- 7235385 TI - Pectus carinatum and pectus excavatum: are they the same disease? AB - Eighty cases of anterior chest wall deformities were reviewed. The group consisted of 47 patients with pectus carinatum and 33 patients with pectus excavatum. This 1.4:1 distribution has not been reported in the literature, where a 1:10 distribution is regularly cited. Important bronchopulmonary changes were found by chest x-rays in both groups. Formerly, alterations in pectus excavatum were attributed to the mechanical effect of the depressed sternum. The presence of the same symptoms and bronchopulmonary radiographic changes in patients with pectus carinatum suggests a primary pulmonary defect in both entities. However, bronchopulmonary changes were more prominent in patients with pectus excavatum than in patients with carinatum, which suggests that mechanical compression enhances the problem. Postoperative radiologic improvement was similar in both groups. The patients underwent a surgical procedure that included a sternal osteotomy and a complete removal of the costal cartilages. All patients survived. There were two recurrences. Considerable postoperative overgrowth of the unresected second costal cartilages was observed, hence our recommendation for routine removal of these structures. The habitus of prominent abdomen and stooped shoulders was not modified by the operation, but important symptomatic improvement and some radiologic improvement were observed in both groups. PMID- 7235388 TI - Disseminated adenomyomas of the abdominal and pelvic cavities: a case report. AB - A case report of disseminated adenomyomas of the abdominal and pelvic cavities is presented. Although the pathogenesis of these benign tumors is still unresolved, the authors postulate that they develop from the differentiation into smooth muscle of a multi-potential cell that arises from endometrial stromal cells in an area of preexisting endometriosis. Based on the authors' experience, when multiple leiomyomas are found in the peritoneal cavity, it is wise to make serial sections to determine whether endometrial tissue is present. The clinician must be alert to the fact that on gross examination adenomyomas can mimic metastatic carcinoma. Differentiation is made only through histologic examination. In addition, since adenosarcoma arising from adenomyoma is a documented occurrence, careful examination of histologic sections of adenomyomas is essential to avoid making the wrong diagnosis. PMID- 7235390 TI - How Jews avoid alcohol problems. PMID- 7235391 TI - Ultrafast laser scanner microscope: design and construction. AB - The design of an ultrafast laser scanner microscope has been completed, and an experimental model has been constructed. Details of the novel objective lens design, the automatic focus system, the high-speed polygon scanner and the fast clock system are given. Results from initial tolerance testing as well as the first recorded images are presented. PMID- 7235389 TI - Endobronchial lipoma. AB - A symptomatic patient with obstructive pneumonitis, mimicking bronchogenic carcinoma, was bronchoscoped and found to have lipoma in his left mainstem bronchus. The diagnosis could not be obtained until the mass was totally removed by bronchoscopic excision. The English literature regarding endobronchial lipoma is briefly reviewed. PMID- 7235392 TI - Rapid radioimmunoassay diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease: detection and partial characterization of urinary antigen. AB - Urine from nine patients with serogroup 1 Legionnaires' disease, 100 with infected or contaminated urine, 50 with bacteremic infections, 26 with infectious or infiltrative pulmonary diseases, and 65 with miscellaneous infectious or noninfectious illnesses, was examined by radioimmunoassay for the presence of Legionella pneumophila antigen(s). Urine of all nine Legionnaires' disease patients was clearly differentiated from that of the 241 control subjects by the assay. The antigen was detected from 2 to at least 10 days after the initiation of erythromycin therapy. A probable false-positive results occurred in a patient with necrotizing nosocomial pneumonia who died before definitive serologic evaluation for Legionnaires' disease could be completed. The antigen was stable at 100 degrees C for 30 minutes and was not degraded by trypsin. Its elution behavior suggested that its molecular weight is approximately 10 000. The radioimmunoassay appears to be a useful method for rapidly diagnosing serogroup 1 Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 7235393 TI - Tuberculosis among elderly persons: an outbreak in a nursing home. AB - An epidemic of tuberculosis among elderly residents of a nursing home was caused by the presence of a highly infectious patient (sputum smear positive) for at least 12 months. Forty-nine (30%) of 161 previously tuberculin-negative residents (mean age, 73.5 years) became infected, and eight (17%) developed progressive primary tuberculosis, including one who died. Also, 21 (15%) of 138 tuberculin negative employees were infected, of whom one (5%) developed clinical tuberculosis. The epidemic was finally stopped by giving preventive treatment with isoniazid to all converters, despite their advanced ages. Only three of 39 patients so treated manifested toxicity that subsided on withdrawal of isoniazid. The fraction of elderly persons harboring a dormant tuberculous infection today is smaller than generally thought. If one of this group develops active tuberculosis, however, it may endanger 80% to 90% of fellow residents and employees. Tuberculin reactors showed a significant protection against developing tuberculosis from exogenous reinfection. PMID- 7235394 TI - The evolution of pulmonary cryptococcosis: clinical implications from a study of 41 patients with and without compromising host factors. AB - Over 14 years 41 patients were diagnosed as having pulmonary cryptococcosis. Cryptococcus neoformans remained localized to the lung in 12 cases and disseminated in the remaining 29. Thirty-four patients were compromised hosts. Disseminated disease developed in 28 of these 34, and four of these 28 patients with disseminated disease presented with concomitant pulmonary and meningeal infections. In all the remaining 24 central nervous system involvement developed 2 to 20 weeks after the finding of an abnormal chest roentgenogram. Seven patients were normal hosts, and in six of these cases disease remained localized to the lung. Four important conclusions were drawn from this study: pulmonary cryptococcosis is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of an abnormal chest roentgenogram, thereby leading to missed diagnoses and therapeutic errors; the natural history of untreated pulmonary cryptococcosis in compromised hosts is extrapulmonic dissemination; compromised hosts with pulmonary cryptococcosis should receive antifungal therapy because of a high propensity for dissemination; and normal hosts in whom dissemination has been excluded generally do not need antifungal therapy. PMID- 7235395 TI - Felty's syndrome: effects of splenectomy upon granulocyte count and granulocyte associated IgG. AB - Clinical parameters and laboratory studies including granulocyte-associated IgG were documented in 15 patients with Felty's syndrome treated by splenectomy. Five patients did not benefit from splenectomy, six responded partially, and four completely. Response to splenectomy could not be predicted from age, sex, splenomegaly, preoperative granulocyte count, platelet count, lymphocyte count, bone marrow lymphocytosis, or granulocyte bound IgG. In contrast, marked elevation in preoperative serum granulocyte binding IgG predicted response to splenectomy. Furthermore, a postoperative fall in serum granulocyte binding IgG was associated with response. Thus, one beneficial effect of splenectomy in some Felty's syndrome patients is reduction of serum granulocyte binding immunoglobulin. PMID- 7235396 TI - Outpatient evaluation of dietary intake and nitrogen removal in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Five patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis were studied to evaluate dietary intake, glucose absorption from the dialysate, and urinary and dialysate nitrogen removal. The study was done on an outpatient basis, while the patients ingested their usual diets and went about their usual activities. The results indicate that patients greatly overestimated their caloric and protein intake, which was 0.71 to 0.96 g/kg bodyweight per day. Dialysate glucose contributed considerably to total caloric intake, because approximately 75% of of the dialysate glucose was absorbed independent from total glucose administered, providing 20% to 29% of the total caloric intake. We concluded that protein requirement in clinically stable continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients still needs defining because the patients may be anabolic with lower protein intakes than previously recommended. PMID- 7235398 TI - Magnesium carbonate pica: an unusual case of iron deficiency. PMID- 7235397 TI - Non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae gastroenteritis in the United States: clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory characteristics of sporadic cases. AB - Fourteen sporadic cases of non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae gastroenteritis were identified through isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control in 1979. All the ill persons had diarrhea, 13 had abdominal cramps, 10 had fever, and three had vomiting; in four cases the patients had bloody diarrhea. Five patients had traveled outside the United States before they became ill. All nine domestically acquired cases were in patients who had eaten raw oysters within 72 hours of onset of illness; in a matched case-control study, illness in these patients was strongly associated with eating raw seafood (p less than 0.0001). Only one isolate produced heat-labile toxin by a Y-1 adrenal cell assay. All isolates were susceptible to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and cephalothin. PMID- 7235399 TI - The pressure sore: pathophysiology and principles of management. AB - The pressure sore is a common clinical problem, although its pathophysiology and management are poorly appreciated by many physicians. The impact of these lesions in terms of patient morbidity and rehabilitation, and health care expenditures is great. Shearing forces, friction and moisture, as well as pressure, contribute to the development of these sores. This paper reviews the clinical settings, causative factors, complications, and principles of prevention and management of the pressure sore. Early surgical consultation is important, because of the deceptive nature and multiple sequelae of these wounds. PMID- 7235400 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus in pregnancy. AB - A retrospective analysis of the course of systemic lupus erythematosus in pregnant patients hospitalized at UCLA during a 15-year period provided important prognostic information. Women with systemic lupus erythematosus became pregnant if renal function was reasonably well preserved. Pregnancy infrequently posed a serious threat to the mother; the frequency of nonrenal complications in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was very low, and the frequency of permanent deterioration of renal function was less than 10%. In contrast, the fetus was at high risk and was adversely affected even if mild renal involvement was detected in the mother. The prevalence of neonatal complications did not increase in the newborn; however, growth retardation did occur in the immediate neonatal period. The pharmacologic management of systemic lupus erythematosus does not require any important modifications in pregnant patients. During labor and in the postpartum period, however, an increase in the dosage of glucocorticoids may reduce postpartum exacerbations. PMID- 7235401 TI - National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: V. Comparison of residents in internal medicine--future generalists and subspecialists. AB - Questionnaire III of the National Study of internal Medicine Manpower was directed to a random sample of residents (and subspecialty fellows) in the spring of 1977. Residents were classified according to whether they sought careers as predominantly general internists (49%) or subspecialty internists (51%), and the two groups were compared. Future generalists, more often, tended to be non Jewish, to have incurred higher debts, and to have trained in medical schools in the states where they had spent their childhoods. Training experiences also were different. Future generalists, more than subspecialists, were attracted to the field because of the ability to retain independence in their work. Subspecialists, more often, intended to have academic careers and locate in the largest cities. Although subspecialists expected greater financial rewards, neither group selected their fields on this basis. By controlling for the main criterion used to select the medical school attended, we were able to explain several factors that differentiated the two groups. PMID- 7235403 TI - Career intentions in internal medicine. PMID- 7235402 TI - National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: VI. Factors predicting preferences of residents for careers in primary care or subspecialty care and clinical practice of academic medicine. AB - With data collected from a national sample of residents in internal medicine (Questionnaire III of the National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower), two models are empirically tested: the first predicting interest in primary care medicine in contrast to subspecialty medicine and the second predicting interest in academic medicine in contrast to clinical practice. Correlation and multiple regression (path analysis) show that background and personal variables specific to each person such as religion, personality type, and desire for control over working conditions have greater predictive power than variables describing the environment such as the type of medical school or residency program the trainee attends. The single most important predictor in terms of unique variance explained in both models is the desire for control over working conditions. The variables positively related to interest in primary care are negatively related to interest in academic careers. PMID- 7235404 TI - Predictor factors and policy planning for physicians. PMID- 7235405 TI - Miconazole in cryptococcosis and systemic candidiasis: a word of caution. PMID- 7235406 TI - Family practitioners and surgery. PMID- 7235407 TI - Undifferentiated malignant neoplasms. PMID- 7235408 TI - Severe neutropenia associated with ticarcillin therapy. PMID- 7235409 TI - Complications of steroid therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7235410 TI - Combination chemotherapy for hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7235411 TI - Treadmill exercise tests predischarge and six weeks post-myocardial infarction to detect abnormalities of known prognostic value. AB - We evaluated 89 patients with predischarge and 6-week post-myocardial infarction treadmill exercise tests to determine the importance of doing repeat tests to identify abnormalities of known prognostic value, and assess the individual variability of treadmill abnormality responses. Nineteen patients (21%) completed only a predischarge exercise test, nine of whom experienced an early cardiac event precluding repeat testing. All nine had a prognostically important treadmill abnormality during the predischarge test. Electrocardiographic ST segment depression was highly reproducible between the early and 6-week tests (k = 0.968). However, angina, inadequate blood pressure response, and ventricular arrhythmias showed limited reproducibility (k = 0.344, 0.50, and 0.166, respectively) and substantial individual variability. Thus, we concluded that: a predischarge treadmill exercise test is important for determining the immediate short-term prognosis of patients after myocardial infarction; and ST segment depression is highly reproducible, whereas other treadmill abnormality responses show substantial variability between the predischarge and 6-week tests. PMID- 7235412 TI - Limited exercise testing soon after myocardial infarction. Correlation with early coronary and left ventricular angiography. AB - Forty-eight patients within 3 weeks of myocardial infarction underwent both limited treadmill graded exercise testing and coronary and left ventricular angiography. Nineteen (90%) of 21 patients with positive exercise tests (greater than or equal to 1 mm ST depression, angina, or both) had multivessel coronary artery disease. In the 27 patients with negative exercise test results, 15 (55%) had multivessel disease, 11 (41%) had single-vessel disease, and one (4%) had no coronary stenosis. Exercise-induced ST segment elevation occurred in 24 patients and predicted a significantly lower ejection fraction and higher angiographic abnormally contracting segment size. Patients experiencing angina during or after exercise had a significantly shorter 2-year survival (54% +/- 21%) than patients without exercise-induced angina (97% +/- 3%) (p less than 0.03). Thus limited exercise testing postinfarction is useful in evaluating the presence of multivessel coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction and predicting long-term survival. PMID- 7235413 TI - Early post-myocardial infarction treadmill stress testing. An accurate predictor of multivessel coronary disease and subsequent cardiac events. AB - Limited (heart rate to less than or equal to 120 beats/min) standardized treadmill stress testing was done before hospital discharge in 40 survivors of uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction. Each patient had subsequent coronary arteriography. Twenty-one had inferior, 10, anterior, and nine, nontransmural infarctions; in 30 patients this was their first infarction. A positive electrocardiographic response or angina, or both, occurred in 15 patients and correctly detected most patients with multivessel disease (sensitivity 67%, predictive value 87%) and patients at risk for coronary events: 35% of positive responders admitted for angina in the first month after discharge versus 4% of patients with a negative test (p less than 0.05). During a 7-month follow-up period, 73% of patients with a positive test result developed angina versus 16% of those with negative test results (p less than 0.001). Thus, predischarge post myocardial infarction limited stress testing correctly identifies the high-risk subset of patients with multivessel coronary disease and thereby allows intelligent selection of patients for early coronary arteriography. PMID- 7235414 TI - Legionella longbeachae species nova, another etiologic agent of human pneumonia. AB - A new species of bacteria that is an etiologic agent of human pneumonia has been isolated and characterized. Clinical symptoms of infection with this organism are not readily distinguishable from those caused by Legionella pneumophila infection. The organism was isolated from respiratory tract specimens from four patients. Two cases of infection apparently originated in California and one in Georgia, and a fourth was of unknown geographic origin. The name Legionella longbeachae species nova is proposed for this organism. The type strain of L. longbeachae is Long Beach 4 (= American Type Culture Collection 33462). PMID- 7235415 TI - Seroconversion from hepatitis B e antigen to antibody in chronic type B hepatitis. AB - Twenty-five patients with chronic type B hepatitis documented by liver biopsy were followed for 1 to 6 years with serial measurements of aminotransferase levels, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody (anti-HBe), and hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase. Initially, all were positive for HBsAg and HBeAg and had elevations in serum aminotransferases. In follow-up, only one lost HBsAg reactivity. In 13, however, elevated aminotransferase levels spontaneously fell to normal and have remained normal. These 13 also had a seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe, and all became negative for serum DNA polymerase. Most had a fall in HBsAg titer. This seroconversion occurred concurrently with or several months before the fall in aminotransferase levels. In contrast, the 12 persons who remained HBeAg positive continued to have elevated aminotransferase levels. All 10 of these patients who were initially positive for DNA polymerase remained positive. These data suggest that many patients with chronic type B hepatitis eventually have a spontaneous remission in clinical and biochemical evidence of active disease, usually heralded or accompanied by the disappearance of HBeAg and DNA polymerase. PMID- 7235416 TI - Abnormal colonic motility in progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Progressive systemic sclerosis alters smooth muscle function throughout the gastrointestinal tract. In 10 consecutive patients with the disease, colonic spike activity and contractile activity were measured after a 1000-kcal meal, intramuscular injection of neostigmine, or intravenous injection of metoclopramide. The 1000-kcal meal stimulated a significant increase in spike and contractile activity in normal subjects. Nine of the 10 patients had no increase in motility after eating. Neostigmine or metoclopramide stimulated colonic spike (p less than 0.01) and contractile (p less than 0.02) activity in normal subjects and stimulated colonic motility (p less than 0.01) in four of 10 patients with less severe systemic manifestations of the disease (Group 1). The drugs had no effect on patients with severe progressive systemic sclerosis (Group II). The patients with severe scleroderma had significant gastrointestinal roentgenographic abnormalities and severe cardiac, renal, or pulmonary dysfunction. Four of six Group II patients died from the disease; all four had marked smooth muscle atrophy in the colonic wall. These findings suggest that the gastrocolonic response is absent early in the disease process and that the smooth muscle atrophy occurring with progression of the disease may lead to a more severe colonic motor disturbance. PMID- 7235418 TI - Spectrum of pheochromocytoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia. A scintigraphic portrayal using 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine. AB - Six patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) types 2a and 2b were investigated to determine the spectrum of pheochromocytoma by scintigraphy. Iodine-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG), a new imaging agent which concentrates in adrenergic neurotransmitter vesicles, was administered at 0.5 mCi/1.7m2 and scintiscans were taken at 24 and 48 hours. Two normotensive patients with normal plasma and urinary catecholamines had no adrenal tracer uptake. One patient with a modest and intermittent increase only in urinary catecholamine metabolites showed faint adrenal images. Two other patients with increased plasma and urinary catecholamines showed bilateral adrenal imaging patterns. The sixth patient who had increased norepinephrine and epinephrine secretion showed bilateral asymmetrical adrenal images, findings that were corroborated at operation. Functional as well as anatomic evidence of adrenal medullary abnormalities in patients with MEN-2 syndromes are demonstrated by 131I MIBG scintigraphy. Therefore, the procedure can be used to define the extent of abnormalities of the adrenal medulla in these patients. PMID- 7235419 TI - Use of ergonovine to identify esophageal spasm in patients with chest pain. AB - We administered intravenous ergonovine maleate to 14 patients with chest pain resembling angina pectoris and to four healthy volunteers. Five of the patients experienced their typical chest pain after ergonovine, and manometric signs of esophageal spasm also developed. The remaining nine patients and the four volunteers did not experience chest pain, but all subjects except one had some symptomatic response to ergonovine, including chest warmth or heaviness, headache, mild choking sensation, facial numbness, flushing, or nausea. Two of the nine patients and one of the four volunteers developed manometric signs of esophageal spasm after ergonovine but experienced no chest pain. Intravenous ergonovine may be useful to identify esophageal spasm in selected patients with chest pain who have normal coronary arteries or in whom coronary artery disease is insufficient to explain symptoms. However, we believe that the potential risks of ergonovine do not justify its routine use as a provocative agent for esophageal spasm. PMID- 7235417 TI - Syndromes of toluene sniffing in adults. AB - Clinical and laboratory findings in 25 adults, ages ranging from 18 to 40 years, who were hospitalized for problems related to paint sniffing are presented. All but one were chronically unemployed. Three different patterns of symptoms led to hospitalization: muscle weakness (n = 9), gastrointestinal complaints including abdominal pain and hematemesis (n = 6) and neuropsychiatric disorders including altered mental status, cerebellar abnormalities, and peripheral neuropathy (n = 10). Hypokalemia (n = 13), hypophosphatemia (n = 10), hyperchloremia (n = 22), and hypobicarbonatemia (n = 23) were common. The average serum potassium and phosphorus concentrations of 1.7 mmol/L and 1.5 mg/dL were significantly lower in the muscle weakness group than in the other two groups. Rhabdomyolysis occurred in 10 patients. Hyperchloremic acidosis was found in 19 of 22 patients evaluated. The muscle weakness and gastrointestinal syndromes resolved within 1 to 3 days with abstinence from sniffing and repletion of fluid and electrolyte stores. Inhalation of paint or glue vapors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the symptoms and laboratory findings described above. PMID- 7235421 TI - Fatal reaction to dapsone during treatment of leprosy. AB - A Burmese boy being treated with dapsone (diaminodiphenylsulfone [DDS]), 100 mg daily, for lepromatous leprosy had a fatal reaction to the drug 3 weeks after therapy was started. The clinical symptoms and progression of illness conform well to a "DDS syndrome" first described in the early 1950s. Although the syndrome clinically resembles infectious mononucleosis, neither Epstein-Barr virus nor cytomegalovirus was implicated as an etiologic agent in this case. The syndrome has been recognized during initiation of dapsone therapy for lepromatous leprosy and has led to the use of a prolonged induction period with initial dosages as low as 25 mg/week. However, because dapsone resistance has been recognized in some strains of Mycobacterium leprae, slow induction of therapy has been replaced with the schedule used for this patient. This report of a fatal reaction to dapsone emphasizes the need for caution when initiating therapy with the drug at full dosage. PMID- 7235422 TI - Achalasia presenting as a neck mass. PMID- 7235420 TI - Surgical therapy of variant angina associated with nonobstructive coronary disease. AB - Patients with variant angina refractory to medical therapy pose a difficult management problem. We report two patients with variant angina who had focal spasm in coronary arteries with fixed obstructions of less than 20% of the luminal diameter. Ischemic episodes were accompanied by malignant ventricular arrhythmias and third degree atrioventricular block. Symptoms were refractory to intensive medical management with nitrates and calcium blocking agents in one patient and with nitrates in the other who was treated before calcium blockers were available. Surgery was done; a bypass graft was placed distal to the area of focal spasm and the native artery was ligated proximally. Both patients are asymptomatic 24 and 66 months after surgery and neither takes anginal medication regularly. The surgical procedure outlined should be considered only if therapy to control life threatening ischemic symptoms with nitrates and calcium blocking agents fails. PMID- 7235424 TI - Should young adults with a positive tuberculin test take isoniazid? AB - We used decision analysis to determine the benefits and risks of preventive therapy with isoniazid for young adults whose only risk factor for the development of active tuberculosis was a positive tuberculin skin test. We assumed that the risk of developing active tuberculosis over the next 20 years ranged from 0.56% to 1.30% for such persons; that isoniazid can reduce this risk by 30% to 70%; and that the risk of developing isoniazid-related hepatitis ranged from 0.3% to 1.1%. Among 100 000 such persons, treatment with isoniazid could prevent from 168 to 910 cases of tuberculosis over 20 years. However, from 300 to 1100 cases of isoniazid-related hepatitis would occur in the year of treatment. The benefits of preventive therapy in this group do not appear clearly to outweigh the risks. We disagree with the recommendation of the American Thoracic Society and the Centers for Disease Control that all such patients take isoniazid. PMID- 7235423 TI - Dementia in the elderly: an analysis of medical responsibility. AB - Chronic dementia syndromes are often assumed to be untreatable, and thus patients with these disorders are neglected and their condition worsens. Many interventions, however, can improve the functional capacity of these persons, and thus their abandonment has no ethical justification. Analysis of this problem points to psychological, educational, and institutional barriers responsible for the inadequate care of the demented. Physicians have the ability and power, and therefore the responsibility, to improve this situation. PMID- 7235425 TI - Early exercise tests after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7235426 TI - Primary pulmonary hypertension: more light or more tunnel? PMID- 7235427 TI - Evaluating isoniazid preventive therapy: the need for more data. PMID- 7235428 TI - Removal of tobramycin during plasma exchange therapy. PMID- 7235429 TI - Acute cholecystitis and campylobacter fetus. PMID- 7235430 TI - Parathyroid hormone and cimetidine. PMID- 7235431 TI - Minoxidil in uremic malignant hypertension. PMID- 7235432 TI - Sarcoidosis and beryllium disease. PMID- 7235434 TI - Theophylline and urinary retention. PMID- 7235433 TI - Hypersensitivity to mechlorethamine. PMID- 7235435 TI - [Statistical studies of street traffic noise in the city of Pescara, based on findings on 24-hour periods]. AB - The level of acoustic pollution from road traffic in Pescara has been measured in 10 residential areas with commercial activity. Measurements have been carried out during 24 hours, by means of a magnetic recorder Nagra IV-SJ, joined with a statistic level analyzer Bruel & Kjaer 2312 in connection with an alpha digital printer. Cumulative statistic levels, standard deviation, equivalent level, noise pollution level and traffic noise index, have been calculated. Composite indexes of acoustic pollution expressed as equivalent level 24 hours (Leq 24), level day night (Ldn) and composite noise equivalent level (CNEL) have been calculated elaborating the data obtained. All collected data resulted to exceed the limits of stated rules. PMID- 7235436 TI - [Evaluation of the presence of warfarin-resistant rats in the city of Reggio Calabria]. AB - The aim of this work was to examine the possible presence, in the city of Reggio Calabria, of rats resistant to anticoagulant rodenticides. To carry out such an investigation trappings were effected in four sectors of the city characterized by different urban structures. The data collected were utilized, in a first phase, to obtain evaluation indexes of the state of rat infestation which turned out to be quite worrying. Applying the W.H.O. methods it resulted that 8,6% of the captured rats, all belonging to the species Rattus norvegicus, is resistant to anticoagulants. Keeping in mind the sites where these specimens were captured, this resistance phenomenon seems to be present in all the urban territory. PMID- 7235437 TI - [Determination of arsenic in soil and cistern waters]. PMID- 7235438 TI - [Methods of detection of contamination levels of a territory: application to a case of arsenic pollution]. PMID- 7235439 TI - [Uses in nuclear medicine of detectors of cadmium telluride gamma radiation]. PMID- 7235440 TI - [Some environmental problems in energy production]. PMID- 7235441 TI - [Organ transplantation for therapeutic purposes. Legislation and regulation at the national level]. PMID- 7235442 TI - [Hemodialysis. Regional regulations on the subject of hemodialysis]. PMID- 7235443 TI - [Asiatic dengue in France: 9 cases, of which one of the thrombopenic type (author's transl)]. AB - Asiatic dengue was detected in nine tourists. In eight patients it was of the classical benign type, the ninth case being associated with severe thrombopenia (4 000/mm3), but without signs of shock. A brief summary is given of the physiopathology of the hemorrhagic forms of the disease: acquired sensitivity from a primary attack and reinfection with a heterologous virus; selection of virulent strains by an atypical vector; genetic recombination producing a strongly pathogenic virus. PMID- 7235444 TI - [Radiological, fibroscopical, histological and secretory gastric aspects in hemodialyzed patients (author's transl)]. AB - Seventeen chronic hemodialyzed patients underwent a baryum meal, a fibroscopy with biopsic studies and an evaluation of gastric acid secretion. No duodenal ulcer was found. The gastric and duodenal folds are the most common anomaly. It has been not possible to correlate these folds to a precise histological entity. None of these patients exhibited an hypersecretory state, on the other hand 3 of them were hyposecreting. A statistical relationship between BAO on the one hand and PTH, CT and Ca on the other hand was found. PMID- 7235445 TI - [Fulminant hepatitis B virus associated with acute pancreatitis. Report of two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Viral hepatitis affections are sometimes associated with endocrine or exocrine pancreatic disorders. An acute necrotizing hemorrhagic pancreatitis seems to be the prerogative of the fulminating forms. The demonstration of HBS fluorescence in the pancreatic acini cells in one patient suggests the possible etiopathogenic role of HB virus in some cases, apart from the other factors involved. PMID- 7235446 TI - [Tuberculous infection of total hip prosthesis: report on two cases (author's transl)]. AB - M. tuberculosis infection of a total hip prosthesis was observed in two patients. Clinical and bacteriological diagnostic features are described, as well as the two possible physiopathological mechanisms involved: activation of a chronic local lesion or blood dissemination. Combined medical and surgical treatment results in effective clinical and functional recovery. PMID- 7235447 TI - [Postoperative false aneurysm of the heart due to infection: successful surgical treatment (author's transl)]. AB - A false aneurysm of the left ventricle was successfully operated upon in a patient who had developed postoperative purulent pericarditis after resection of a post-infarction ventricular aneurysm 5 months previously. The authors describe the clinical, anatomical, radiological, and ultrasonographic characteristics of false aneurysms, which occur more frequently after myocardial infarction than postoperatively. Other, more rare causes are described, as well as recent data reported in published literature. The role of infection in certain postoperative forms is emphasized. Apart from angiography, non-invasive methods such as bidimensional ultrasonography and angioscintigraphy play an important role in establishing the diagnosis, avoiding explorations which are not without risk in debilitated patients. The frequency with which rupture of false aneurysms is observed, in contrast with true aneurysms, entails early recognition and operation on a regular basis, even when signs of intolerance are absent. PMID- 7235448 TI - [Pulmonary interstitial electron dense deposits in lupus erythematosus. Interest of the transbronchial biopsy (author's transl)]. AB - The case reported concerned a patient 44 years old, affected by a systemic lupus erythematosus for 18 years and admitted for an acute respiratory distress due to a bronchopulmonary infection. After this episode an interstitial chronic lung disease is diagnosed (reticulonodular pattern on the chest X-ray, functional restrictive syndrome). The study of the transbronchial lung biopsy by electron microscopy revealed interstitial electron dense deposits. This observation focussed on the interest of this technic of morphological study mainly in chronic lung interstitial diseases. PMID- 7235449 TI - [Clinico-anatomical conference at the Pitie-Salpetriere]. PMID- 7235450 TI - [Plasma exchange]. PMID- 7235451 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of generalized cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency (congenital methemoglobinemia with mental retardation, type II) (author's transl)]. AB - Two first cases of prenatal diagnosis of generalized cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency are presented. In each family, there was an index case with a clinical pattern of congenital methemoglobinemia associated with severe mental retardation (type II). The foetal cells were obtained by amniocentesis at 16 weeks of pregnancy at risk. The cells were cultured, and their cytochrome b5 reductase activity was compared to control amniotic cells, and to cultured fibroblasts originating from the index case. In the first family this led to the conclusion that the foetus was normal or heterozygous. The pregnancy was continued, and the mother delivered a normal newborn with normal red-cell cytochrome b5 reductase. In the second family, the foetal cells displayed a profound decrease of cytochrome b5 reductase activity. The pregnancy was terminated and all the tissues of the aborted foetus exhibited the enzyme deficiency. It is concluded that prenatal diagnosis of the severe form of congenital methemoglobinemia can be performed without ambiguity. PMID- 7235452 TI - [Difficulty in diagnosis of pheochromocytomas: ten cases (author's transl)]. AB - Ten cases of atypical pheochromocytomas are reported, and physiopathologic mechanisms of the multiple clinical manifestations of these tumors are discussed. The embryologic origin of pheochromocyte, derived from neural crest, and common metabolic properties of endocrine cells coming from this germ layer, elucidate the coupling of pheochromocytoma with neuroectodermic diseases (neurocristopathic syndromes), and the biosynthetic capacity of these tumors (synthesis of corticotropic activity and thyrocalcitonin are reported). Atypical peripheral effects of pheochromocytoma are discussed: catecholamines are responsible for an unstable hemodynamic state, always threatened by a spontaneous or induced release of amines: then, misleading clinical features occur, which are analysed. A screening and detecting procedure of pheochromocytoma is proposed for these particular forms, which are explained by the common multiple properties of the tumors derived from chromaffin cells. PMID- 7235453 TI - [Bacteriophage occurrence in "Mycobacterium phlei" (author's transl)]. AB - Surface growth of synchronized bacteria was obtained by means of a suspension of Mycobacterium phlei cells in pentane, the dispersion of which resulted from passage through glass (Ballotini) column. By using standardized conditions, a series of identical cultures were obtained, suitable for studying their evolution as a function of time. By counting colonies every twenty minutes, during ten hours, two doublings were observed, with a generation time of five hours. At the end of a plateau, just before the next doubling, the curve exhibited a marked decrease. Bacteriophages were found in culture medium at the time corresponding to this decrease. In thin sections of the pellicles collected at this time, condensations resembling DNA from phage heads could be noticed within the bacterial cells, as well as free phages in th close neighbourhood of burst cells. The relations between phage and bacteria, and the possible relation between the presence of the phage and the synthesis of phleates has not been determined. PMID- 7235454 TI - [Hydrolysis of tributyrin by species of "Neisseria" and "Branhamella" (author's transl)]. AB - A comparative study of 60 strains of Neisseriaceae was done using 4 different substrates: tween 20, tween 80, tributyrin and naphthylmyristate. Production of butyric acid from tributyrin was measured by gas chromatography. Strains of the genus Branhamella produced large amounts of butyric acid, whereas strains of the genus Neisseria produced little amounts. Evidence of lipolytic activity can be used to separate Branhamella from Neisseria. A biochemical method is described using a buffered medium containing tributyrin and phenol red which can best separate lipolytic and non-lipolytic strains of Neisseriaceae. All B. catarrhalis gave positive results as well as related species B. caviae, B. ovis and B. cuniculi. All Neisseria strains gave negative results. PMID- 7235455 TI - [On the coliform organisms and their count in water supply analysis (author's transl)]. AB - Many psychrotrophic coliform organisms are isolated from samples of water supply. They are coming from water or soil and not from animal faeces. It is therefore necessary to identify coliform organisms to interpret accurately the results of potability analysis. PMID- 7235456 TI - [Utilization and fermentation of 2-ketogluconate by "Enterobacteriaceae" (author's transl)]. AB - Two methods were compared: 1) the ability to use 2-ketogluconate (2-KG) as source of carbon and energy in defined medium, and 2) the ability to produce acid by fermentation of 2-KG (0.5 g/100 ml) in peptone water with phenol red. Results of growth on, and acid production from, 2-KG were identical. A total of 990 strains was studied. No strain of Escherichia coli, Shigella (4 species), Salmonella (4 sub-genera), Yersinia pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Edwardsiella (2 species), Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis, P. morganii, Providencia (2 species) could utilize 2-KG. All strains of Citrobacter (2 species), Levinea amalonatica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, K. ozaenae, Enterobacter (5 species), Serratia (6 species) utilize 2-KG as sole carbon source. Different reactions were given by strains of P. rettgeri, Y. enterocolitica and K. rhinoscleromatis. PMID- 7235458 TI - On the role of turbulent diffusion in ventilation. PMID- 7235459 TI - Possible applications of wall jets in controlling air contaminants. PMID- 7235457 TI - Endemic elephantiasis of the lower legs as a health hazard of barefooted agriculturalists in Cameroon, West Africa. PMID- 7235460 TI - The other metals--how far behind? PMID- 7235461 TI - Potentials for epidemiological studies in occupational medicine. PMID- 7235462 TI - The dimensions of airborne asbestos fibres--I. Crocidolite from Kuruman area, Cape Province, South Africa. PMID- 7235463 TI - Determination of aerosols by means of detector tubes. PMID- 7235464 TI - A thermally-desorbable passive dosimeter for personal monitoring for acrylonitrile. PMID- 7235465 TI - Results of an asbestos counting trial performed in France in 1979. PMID- 7235466 TI - Biochemical and cellular effects of welding fume particles in the rat lung. PMID- 7235467 TI - Corneal wrinkling induced by ultra-thin soft contact lenses. PMID- 7235468 TI - Bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia with unilateral retinal vessel abnormality. AB - Optic nerve hypoplasia is an uncommon congenital defect of the optic nerve and retina, although recent studies show it occurs more frequently than previously thought. It is characterized by a small, pale optic disc, normal appearing retinal vasculature, and marked visual impairment. This condition may be unilateral or bilateral and familial cases have been described. It may be associated with other defects of the central nervous system but also occurs in otherwise normal individuals. It is different from aplasia of the optic nerve in which there is complete absence of the optic disc and retinal vasculature, usually in a badly malformed eye. The purpose of this communication is to describe the clinical and fluorescent appearance of an infant with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia and the unilateral abnormality of retinal vessels. PMID- 7235469 TI - Retrobulbar optic neuropathy in sarcoidosis. AB - Virtually unrecognized as a manifestation of ocular sarcoidosis 15 years ago, optic nerve disease occurs in 5% of patients. Sarcoidosis of the optic nerve has been recognized as papilledema, atrophy, and papillitis, and optic disc infiltration. Although 400 cases of neurologic sarcoidosis have been reported, little mention is made of "retrobulbar neuritis" occurring in sarcoidosis patients. This report documents a black woman whose solitary ocular lesion of sarcoidosis was a retrobulbar neuropathy that responded dramatically to steroid therapy. PMID- 7235470 TI - Presumed ocular tuberculosis. AB - Tuberculosis, once thought to be the most common cause of uveitis, is now thought to be a relatively rare cause of ocular disease. This is because of a decreased incidence of tuberculosis as well as a lessened emphasis on its diagnosis. The majority of cases of posterior uveitis and retinitis today are toxoplasmosis, histoplasmosis and other viral causes along with undetermined etiology. Following is a case report of a retinitis and periphlebitis of presumed tuberculous etiology because of the systemic involvement of the patient. PMID- 7235471 TI - Aplasia of the optic nerve with aniridia. AB - Aplasia of the optic nerve is a rare anomaly whose pathogenesis and relationship to other congenital disorders is poorly understood. We recently examined a 4-day old infant who exhibited unilateral aplasia of the optic nerve and aniridia, as well as other ocular and extraocular anomalies. This report is prompted by our interest in the early morphogenesis of the eye and by a possible linkage between optic nerve aplasia, aniridia and associated anomalies in our patients. PMID- 7235473 TI - Efficacy in glaucoma treatment--the potential of marijuana. PMID- 7235472 TI - Fluorescein angiography printouts. AB - Nineteen years after the pioneering efforts of Novotny and Alvis, fluorescein angiography has reached a level of acceptance and use which reflects its high value in ophthalmic diagnosis. Angiography laboratories are commonplace in hospitals, and many private physicians own fundus cameras and perform fluorescein angiograms routinely. As the use of this test has substantially increased, so has the number of methods used to present the film for analysis and interpretation. At this writing there are no fewer than 12 different ways of presenting fluorescein angiograms in common use (Table 1). Not all of these techniques are able to yield equal amounts of information, however, and as consultations between different laboratories occur, much difficulty results from the disparate styles. Evaluation of these varying techniques of fluorescein angiography presentation depends on the production complexity and the amount of useful information which each may yield. PMID- 7235474 TI - Cerebro-rhino-orbital phycomycosis: a case report. PMID- 7235475 TI - [Transient eosinophilic nodulomatosis (author's transl)]. AB - The case report describes a boy of six years presenting with asymptomatic nodules, asymmetrically distributed over the whole body. The lesions came in crops. Each lesion evolved over approximately 3 weeks and they healed without sequelae. The only other clinical feature was the presence of generalized lymphadenopathy. Histologically, the lesion was essentially dermal and composed by a diffuse cellular infiltrate predominantly made of eosinophils, mixed with a few normal histiocytes. The latter did not show any typical Langerhans granules. Various disorders featuring either nodules or eosinophilic infiltrates, or both, are discussed. Taking together all the clinical and histological data, it is reasonable to suggest that this disorder of transient eosinophilic nodulomatosis is not a well-defined entity and remains without a definite etiology. PMID- 7235476 TI - [Acute haemorrhagic edema of the skin of the new-born with lethal intestinal complication (author's transl)]. AB - A child, eleven months old, presented with an A. H. O. after an otitis. The dermatologic aspect is typical with oedema and target-like hemorrhagies. The disease evolved in three successive episodes. During the second one two intestinal intussuceptions occurred. It was necessary to proceed to an intestinal resection of twenty centimeters of the small bowel and of the right part of the large bowel. The post-operative period has been complicated by an intravascular coagulation, perforation of small bowel and peritonis due to Proteus bacillus. The child died during these complications. This evolution looks like an anaphylactoid purpura of Schonlein-Henoch. But this does not allow to affirm that these two allergic vasculitis are related to the same etiology. Our own observation suggests the necessity of watching the coagulation rate when an acute haemorrhagic oedema is complicated by bowel's intussusception. PMID- 7235477 TI - [Immunosuppressive therapy and Kaposi's sarcoma: two case reports (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 2 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma in whose immunosuppressive therapy is implicated. In a 47-year-old Italian man, cutaneous lesions were rapidly aggravated after a renal transplant and treatment with corticosteroids and azathioprine; new lesions appeared close to an arteriovenous fistula of the forearm. In a 83-year-old Algerian man, Kaposi's sarcoma appeared during steroid therapy for bullous pemphigoid. The role of acquired immunosuppression, local predisposition and genetical factors are reviewed and discussed for the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 7235478 TI - [Study on phototoxicity and photoallergy of a preparation containing 10 p. 100 benzoyl peroxide after topical application on guinea-pigs (author's transl)]. AB - Attention is focused on benzoyl peroxide as a possible phototoxic derivate. To ascertain this activity, the compound, in a pharmaceutical composition, was tested by skin painting on guinea-pigs. The preparation, containing 10 p. 100 benzoyl peroxide, was applied topically. Irradiation was carried out by an artificial source of UVA and UVB. PMID- 7235479 TI - [Stewart-Bluefarb syndrome]. PMID- 7235480 TI - [Generalized muscular nevus with the clinical appearance of a "Michelin tire baby"]. PMID- 7235481 TI - [Smooth muscle nevus. Smooth muscle hamartoma (apropos of 1 case)]. PMID- 7235482 TI - [Immuno-allergological study on 30 atopic patients (author's transl)]. AB - An immuno-allergological study was performed on 30 atopic patients and the data were compared to those of 30 healthy controls. The findings were: --increased level of IgE class immunoglobulins in the atopic patients; --increased frequency of the presence of specific reagin to numerous allergens in the sera of atopics (RAST). The total amount of IgE was related to the presence of numerous and/or strongly positive RAST; --immediate hypersensitivity reaction (IHR) to various allergens and specially house-dust. No well-definite correlation was found between IHR and RAST for the same allergens and between the in vitro determination of allergens and a known history of clinical provocation by these allergens. The frequency of positive IHR was related with high level of total IgE; --decreased frequency of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity tests and specially of those with candidin extracts. Cutaneous hyporeactivity to natural antigens was in relation with high level of total IgE; --no significant statistical difference was found between the amount of T and B lymphocytes; - increased frequency of HLA-A2 group and decreased frequency of HLA-B7 group. PMID- 7235483 TI - [Changes in the keratinocytes in oculo-cutaneous tyrosinosis: Richner-Hanhart syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The Richner-Hanhart syndrome corresponds to a tyrosine elevation in serum due to a defect in soluble tyrosine amino-transferase in liver cells. This new enzymopathy which is transmitted in an autosomal recessive mode is called oculo cutaneous tyrosinosis. It is curable by a low diet in tyrosine and its precursors. The diagnosis has been clinically suggested in an 18 months old girl, by the association of punctate palmar and plantar keratosis, dendritic ulcerated keratitis, and mental retardation. The diagnosis was established by elevation of tyrosinemia up to 52 mg/100 ml associated with a high urinary elimination of tyrosine and phenylcetonic acid. Absence of anomaly in the metabolism of methionin and hepatorenal lesion is characteristic. The diagnosis was confirmed by the absence of soluble tyrosine aminotransferase in liver cells and by the effectiveness of the diet. The clinical keratosis corresponds histologically to a orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis. The keratinocytes show 2 types of anomalies ranged in the epiderm. Intracytoplasmic vacuoles which include or lead to pseudomyelinic formations extend progressively from the mitochondrial alterations in the epidemial basal layers. Bulky polyhedral electron dense particles are found in the cytoplasm of the superficial keratinocytes. Most of these images have been demonstrates anteriorly in the keratinocytes ant the corned; on the other hand, signs of mitochondrial anomaly had not been observed. The genesis of these cellular alterations based on the liberation of lysosomial enzymes by the action of crystals of tyrosine has been suggested by Goldsmith from experimental facts. However, it seems that the mitochondrial defect occurs outside this mechanism. PMID- 7235484 TI - [Rothmund-Thomson syndrome]. PMID- 7235485 TI - [Neonatal primary herpes infection]. PMID- 7235486 TI - [Follicular lichen planus tumidus]. PMID- 7235487 TI - [Epidermotropic and junctional metastases of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 7235488 TI - [Monomelic epidermotropic metastasis of malignant melanoma. Developmental study for 7 years]. PMID- 7235489 TI - [Dermatology in the United Kingdom]. PMID- 7235490 TI - [Cutaneous vasculitis induced by gentamicin]. PMID- 7235491 TI - [Classification of local corticoids sold in France]. PMID- 7235492 TI - [Amicrobic pustulosis hypoparathyroidism epilepsy: treatment by 25 hydroxycholecalciferol]. AB - We report one case of amicrobic pustulosis cured with Dedrogyl (25 hydroxycholecalciferol), active metabolite of the vitamin D. The importance of our case stems from the physiopathologic study of this cure. The patient is a 16 year-old boy suffering from a hypoparathyroidism since his younger days. Consequently, he shows a hypocalcemia and convulsive seizures due to the hypoparathyroidism. Those seizures had been wrongly attributed to a primary epilepsy of a neurologic origin and a treatment with Phenobarbital had been instituted. In fact, they were side-effects of the hypoparathyroidism and the Phenobarbital had only aggravated the hypoparathyroidal hypocalcemia as a result of its effect on the metabolism of the vitamin D (deviation of this metabolism by enzyme induction at the level of the liver). The Dedrogyl (25 hydroxycholecalciferol) has restored a normal phospho-calcium balance and the hypocalcemia has disappeared as well as the convulsive seizures which, one year later, had not reappeared while they had previously been continual. And above all, standing back one year, we have recorded a complete cure of the amicrobic pustulosis on account of the Dedrogyl. PMID- 7235493 TI - [Is the BK mole syndrome always an autosomal dominant trait?]. AB - After a brief review of the characteristics of familial malignant melanoma, the authors summarize the literature about the BK mole syndrome. The clinical and histological features of this dermatosis are described. Three personal cases are also reported. The latter tend to demonstrate a certain genetic heterogeneity, while in the literature the BK mole syndrome has been described as an autosomal dominant trait. PMID- 7235494 TI - [Dermatophyte mycetoma of the scalp]. PMID- 7235495 TI - [Kwashiorkor and zinc deficiency in an adult with anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 7235496 TI - [Papulous photodependent mucinosis and disseminated lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7235497 TI - [Association of Pick-Herxheimer disease and malignant hemopathies. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7235498 TI - [An unpublished association: Zinsser-Cole-Engmann dyskeratosis, Klippel-Feil syndrome and Sprengel's deformity]. PMID- 7235500 TI - [Advice for the dermatologist to give to a European traveling to a tropical country]. PMID- 7235499 TI - [Pemphigus induced by treatment with a propanolol-meprobamate combination]. PMID- 7235501 TI - [Lupus, insulin-resistant diabetes and acanthosis nigricans (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the case of a 22-year-old Guatemalan in whom lupus was diagnosed 8 months after a second pregnancy. The diagnosis of lupus met the criteria of the ARA: Raynaud's syndrome, alopecia, arthralgia, thrombophlebitis, facial erythema, antinuclear factor at 1/100, Farr at 75 p. 100 and immunofluorescent demonstration of IgM binding in healthy skin. Two months after the beginning of the lupus, there was onset of insulin-resistant ketosic diabetes without overweight. The serum insulin was 1.140 mu U/ml. Acanthosis nigricans was noted and confirmed by a biopsy. Insulin-resistance can be attributed to anti membrane receptor antibodies titrating at 1/200 (R. Khan). The short-term progress of the disease was favorable on corticosteroid treatment. Insulin could be stopped, but high insulin serum levels persisted. This case meets criteria for type B as defined by Flier, Khan and Roth, and is the first European case of lupus with a complete presentation. Short-term progress was favorable, and there is no evidence to affirm that there will be a tardive progression towards hypoglycemia which is, however, possible due to the persistence of elevated serum insulin levels. PMID- 7235502 TI - [Association of lupus erythematosus and vitiligo (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report two cases with both true vitiligo and cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE). The latter was found only on the vitiliginous areas on both exposed and non-exposed skin. A study of the literature shows that this association is very rare and, like the association between vitiligo and antinuclear antibodies, not statistically significant. It is therefore not possible to explain the pathogenesis of this association by a common autoimmune theory, although vitiligo is well known to coexist with other autoimmune disorders and although antimelanocyte antibodies are exceptionally found in certain cases of vitiligo. The coexistence of lupus erythematosus and vitiligo must be clearly distinguished from post lupus depigmentation which is much more common. In the latter there is clinically an irregular hypomelanosis and an atrophic epidermis and, histologically, there is a pigmentary incontinence with an increased number of melanocytes. Even if it is fortuitous, the appearance of LE lesions on light exposed vitiliginous areas may be explained by the common photosensitivity of these two disorders. However, this superimposition does not explain the common points between these two diseases nor the localization on non light exposed skin. The localizing role of vitiligo in these exceptional cases could represent a more complex disorder of the dermo-epidermal junction. This disorder could affect more than the melanocytic system and subsequently favour the occurrence of the LE. Nevertheless, the mechanism of this coexistence still remains unknown. PMID- 7235503 TI - [Late Becker's nevus. One hundred cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors make a survey of a series of a hundred Becker's nevi diagnosed in a recruiting center of the French National Service. It is a statistic study bearing on the male population, aged 17 to 26, in a French region which is supposed to be representative of the French male population of the same age. First of all the authors focus on the various clinical descriptions since this nevus was first described by Becker in 1949, then discuss the problems raised by pathogenic interpretation and the results of microscopic studies. About this lesion, usually said to be pigmentary and hairy, and generally appearing before 20 years of age, is still very little known. Then after a short explanation of their method of study the authors give original results. A hundred Becker's nevi were diagnosed among 19,302 young men, that is to say in a proportion of 0.52 p. 100. A study of the racial, genetic and pigmentary background doesn't enable to retain general causes but rather leads to think of local causes. Half of these Becker's nevi appeared before ten years of age, the other half appearing between 10 and 20. In only one quarter of the cases can the role of the sun be pointed out. The location of the nevi is variable; they are mainly situated on the trunk and only 32 p. 100 of them are located above nipples, which was believed to be the usual place of the lesion. Pigmentation in three quarter of the cases is light brown. The average surface is 125 cm2. Hairs can be seen in only a little more than half of the cases of no lesion associated to the nevus could be found. The study points out that Becker's nevi seem to be more various in their clinical expression and more pigment than could be thought through more classical description. PMID- 7235504 TI - [Ultrastructural similarities between the planus-like reaction of the graft versus host disease and the idiopathic lichen planus (author's transl)]. AB - An ultrastructural study was performed on skin biopsies of eight patients with lichenoid eruption of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The lichenoid eruption is similar to idiopathic lichen planus with the injury of the basal cells, the distribution of the numerous colloid bodies, and the presence of regenerative cells. Lymphocytes satellites of injured keratinocytes were observed in those lichenoid eruptions, as well as in the acute phase of GVHD. The numerous mast cells in the lichenoid eruption of GVHD may be related to the connective tissue changes of the patients progressing to a late sclerotic phase of chronic GVHD. PMID- 7235505 TI - [The infundibular adenoma: a follicular poroma with sebaceous and apocrine differentiation (author's transl)]. AB - Tricholemmal adnexal pilar tumors may be classified according to the tricholemmal zone whose structure they reproduce and according to their degree of maturation or dedifferentiation. The pilar sheath acanthoma (dilated pore of Winer), the tumor of follicular infundibulum and the follicular poroma (inverted follicular keratosis) are related to the infundibulum and keratinize according to the epidermal pattern. The tricholemmal cysts (of simple or proliferating type) and the keratinizing tricholemmoma are related to the upper part of the isthmus of the anagen hair and keratinize according to the specific pattern of the outer root sheath at this isthmic level. The tricholemmoma is related to the lower tricholemma which does not keratinize and the cells of which are glycogen-rich. In this vertical didactic classification, there exist combinations and filiations of the different tumors. In a serial analysis of 68 skin adnexal tumors diagnosed as follicular poromas, we observed 6 cases with sebaceous and apocrine differentiation. For this organoid tumor issued from the infundibular epithelium we propose the term of "infundibular adenoma". PMID- 7235506 TI - [Darier-Ferrand's congenital dermatofibrosarcoma]. PMID- 7235507 TI - [Urticaria pigmentosa and pseudo-pelade. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7235508 TI - [Photosensitization complications after intramuscular injection of hematoporphyrin. Apropos of 23 cases]. PMID- 7235509 TI - [Ataxia-myoclonus-opsoclonus syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235510 TI - [Diagnostic aspects of cerebral arterial occlusion in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235511 TI - [Benign intracranial hypertension in infants and children. Comments on 33 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235513 TI - [Procedures and indications of supplemental neurophysiological examinations in pediatric neurology]. PMID- 7235512 TI - [Treatment of phenylketonuria. Remarks on 21 cases]. PMID- 7235514 TI - [Kearns-Sayre syndrome with hypoparathyroidism and diabetes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235515 TI - [Subacute encephalitis and congenital hypogammaglobulinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235516 TI - [Miller-Fisher syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235518 TI - [Somatomedins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235517 TI - [Severe neonatal type of citrullinemia. Difficulties to expose heterozygotic state. Advantage of prenatal diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235519 TI - [Injuries and epiphyseal cartilage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235520 TI - [Zinc deficiency in an infant: clinical aspects and etiologies of an hypozincemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235521 TI - [Initial and reversible radiologic changes of duodenum and small bowel in Henoch Schonlein purpura (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235522 TI - [The value of radionuclide cystography in the study of reflux. proposition of a diagnostic protocol in children with urinary tract infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235523 TI - [Secular trend and puberty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235524 TI - [Critical study of blood xylose test: 207 tests in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235525 TI - [Long follow-up study of juvenile chronic arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235526 TI - [Neville's disease: cytochemical and ultrastructural study of medullary storage cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235527 TI - [Results of deep hypothermia experience in infants and children (from eight days to three and a half years) in the Marie-Lannelongue Surgical Centre (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235528 TI - [Congenital subclavian steal syndrome with right aortic arch (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235529 TI - [Acute pyelonephritis following cardiac catheterization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235530 TI - [The superior celosomia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235531 TI - [Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome with male pseudohermaphroditism. A case report with endocrinological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235532 TI - [Increased vascular permeability during endotoxinemia in child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235533 TI - [Malformations of the oto-rhino-laryngologic sphere in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235534 TI - [Psychopathology of the body during the adolescence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235535 TI - [About mothers of atopic dermatitis children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235536 TI - [Incontinence or encopresis? Psychological repercussion of anal incontinence in child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235537 TI - [Gifted children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235538 TI - [Fourth-world children health and welfare (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235539 TI - [The unexpressed in children: psychopathological implication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235540 TI - [Questioning in child psychosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235541 TI - Variation of latissimus dorsi skin island design for postmastectomy reconstruction. AB - The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap has proved valuable in breast reconstruction after radical mastectomy. The procedure has been used often and successfully at the Breast Reconstruction Center of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Since the axis of the mastectomy scar often varies, we have found that adjusting the orientation and location of the skin islands is necessary to achieve maximal coverage on the chest wall and to place the transposed skin without tension precisely where it is most needed. These different skin island designs may necessitate a scar on the back that is not covered by a brassiere. This paper discusses and illustrates with clinical examples modifications that produce superior reconstructive results. PMID- 7235542 TI - The mechanical properties of breast prostheses. AB - The mechanical properties of inflatable and gel-filled breast prostheses were evaluated using the Instron Universal Testing Machine. Prosthesis strength characteristics were evaluated in terms of compression strength (rather than tensile strength) because of the relationship to closed capsulotomy. The compression breaking strength of prostheses ranged from 0.62 to 10.8 pounds per square inch. There was considerable variation among prostheses. Pressures exceeding these values have been recorded during closed compression capsulotomy. The clinical relevance of these results is discussed. PMID- 7235543 TI - The curved lateral incision technique for subcutaneous mastectomy. AB - The inframammary incision often used for subcutaneous mastectomy provides somewhat limited exposure and often less than optimal aesthetic results, especially if the patient has ptosis preoperatively. This paper describes a technique for subcutaneous mastectomy that involves a straightforward marking system, provides excellent exposure, and produces satisfactory aesthetic results. This technique can be applied to most cases in which subcutaneous mastectomy is indicated. PMID- 7235544 TI - Single bilobed flap for use in head and neck reconstruction. AB - A new bilobed cutaneous and myocutaneous flap providing ipsilateral reconstruction possibilities in the head and neck is described. The flap incorporates the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap and the medially based deltopectoral flap in a single bilobed flap. Both flaps come from the same side to provide bulk and cutaneous coverage in a single flap. PMID- 7235545 TI - Clinical experience with nasolabial flaps. AB - The nasolabial flap was used for reconstruction of the nose, lip, and cheek in 23 patients with satisfactory results. From the standpoint of color and texture match, this flap was of considerable value for skin repair of the nose. As for the donor site, the limitation of the nasolabial flap is considered to be about 3 x 10 cm. The nasolabial flap is also discussed from the point of view of recent considerations on its special characteristics and applications. PMID- 7235546 TI - Technique for reducing fractured zygomas using local anesthesia. PMID- 7235547 TI - How much lift in a facelift? AB - A reproducible, quantitative approach for measuring skin removed during face lifting is presented. The approach consists of measuring skin at four distinct points. These measurements are statistically analyzed and compared with seventeen patient variables. The approach is applicable to all varieties and techniques of face lifting. This method of quantification could serve as a standard means of defining the extent of face lifting, for use not only in operative reports but also in the literature. PMID- 7235549 TI - Continuous nasopharyngeal suction. PMID- 7235548 TI - Choline acetyltransferase nerve identification method in early and late nerve repair. AB - Choline acetyltransferase (ChAC) measurement after complete transection of the sciatic nerve in rats revealed a steady increase in ChAC in the proximal nerve stump and a rapid drop in ChAC in the distal nerve stump. Ninety-six hours following transection no appreciable ChAC activity could be detected in the distal segment. The increase in the proximal segments was followed by a slight decline and leveling off at about twice the normal level. End-to-end nerve anastomosis, using the enzymatic nerve differentiation technique, could therefore be performed up to the first 96 hours. Nerve grafts could be used, with markedly improved results, up to the forty-fifth day following transection. PMID- 7235550 TI - A rigid transparent face mask for control of scar hypertrophy. AB - A rigid transparent face mask of cellulose acetate butyrate was developed for the control of scar hypertrophy in the burned face. Excellent patient acceptance has been found in a six-year series of 97 patients. Use of the device for at least twenty hours a day for an average of one and a half years per patient has enabled preservation of normal facial contours. PMID- 7235551 TI - Plastic surgery in Sweden. PMID- 7235552 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in arterial stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235553 TI - [Bilateral isolated dysplasia of the hip in the young child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235555 TI - [Intravenous urography and echography following surgery for curable uterine carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235554 TI - [M-mode echocardiography and 99mTc radionuclide angiocardiography in performance and left ventricular kinetics evaluation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235556 TI - [Portal blood flow inversion from extrinsic hepatic compression. A report on two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235557 TI - [Hughes-Stovin's syndrome. Apropos of a new case]. PMID- 7235558 TI - [Acute febrile muscle calcification of the biceps: microcrystalline myositis ossificans? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235559 TI - [Multiples geodes of the cranial vault of venous origin in adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235560 TI - [Polycystic liver and biliary fistula. An operated case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235561 TI - [Rare abdominal and peritoneal localizations of hydatid cysts. Report on two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235562 TI - [Administration of tiapride to patients with a history of alcohol and tobacco consumption, before, during, and after operation. Study of thirty cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235564 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Analysis of the selective criteria in surgical curative treatment (106 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235563 TI - [Early post-operative complications in intestinal resections followed with colo colitic or recto-colitic anastomoses. Clinical and biological manifestations of anastomotic complications. Therapeutic results about 523 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235565 TI - [Accessory hepatic ducts opening into the gallbladder or cystic ducts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235566 TI - [Acquired Cockett's syndrome. Report of three cases surgically treated with two unusual types (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235567 TI - [Abdominal skin covering without traction. Principle of a new parietal treatment and applications to severe peritonitis and eventrations (sixty-six cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235568 TI - [Round table on surgery of infectious endocarditis. Introduction]. PMID- 7235569 TI - [Round table discussion on surgical treatment of bacterial endocarditis. Rennes, 13 October 1979]. PMID- 7235570 TI - [Current etiological aspects of bacterial endocarditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235571 TI - [Acute bacterial endocarditis affecting the aortic valve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235572 TI - [Primary bacterial endocarditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235573 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute bacterial endocarditis (39 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235574 TI - [Acute bacterial endocarditis. Surgical management (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235575 TI - [Valvular replacement in acute bacterial endocarditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235576 TI - [Evolutive bacterial endocarditis. In connection with 21 operated cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235577 TI - [Surgical treatment of hemodynamic complications of bacterial endocarditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235578 TI - [Assessment of surgical treatment in 73 evolutive bacterial endocarditis, operated upon from 1968 to 1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235579 TI - [Surgical treatment of bacterial endocarditis. Report on twelve cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235581 TI - [Surgical treatment of bacterial endocarditis during the active phase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235580 TI - [Surgical treatment of bacterial endocarditis: emergency operation during the acute stage in forty-eight cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235582 TI - [Surgical treatment of valvular aortic prosthetic infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235583 TI - [Pseudomonas endocarditis on aortic valve prosthesis. Successful treatment by association of tobramycin-rifampicin-colistin and two reinterventions. Follow-up of 5 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235584 TI - [Subvalvular aortic aneurysms and aortic incompetence after bacterial endocarditis. Surgical treatment during the chronic stage. Report on two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235585 TI - [Surgical treatment of subacute tricuspid valve endocarditis. Report on seven cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235586 TI - [Acute bacterial endocarditis in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Emergency prosthetic valve replacement in three cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235588 TI - [Conclusion: primary acute bacterial endocarditis of the left heart]. PMID- 7235587 TI - [Bacterial endocarditis on aortic valvular prosthesis. A four cases report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235589 TI - [Post-infarction interventricular septal defect. Acute surgery in six consecutive patient by Hill and Gerbode procedure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235590 TI - [Local myocardial temperature during cold coronary perfusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235592 TI - [Atrioventricular and ventriculo-arterial discordances with situs inversus. Surgical correction for insufficiency of the systemic auriculo-ventricular valve and aneurysm of the membranous septum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235591 TI - [Large unruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva discovered by a ventricular tachycardia. Report of a 77 years old man's case successfully treated by surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235593 TI - [The surgical transposition of the atria. Technical and ECG considerations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235594 TI - [Pulmonary and systemic arterial system communication, probably of congenital origin, and due to an aneurysm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235595 TI - [Surgery for bronchogenic carcinoma in patients over 70 years old (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235596 TI - [Treatment of pulmonary hydatid cysts in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235597 TI - [Pulmonary perforation of mediastinal caseous lymph nodes in children. Thirty-two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235598 TI - [Surgical treatment of mediastinal tuberculous lymphnodes in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235599 TI - [Intrathoracic neurogenic tumors. Treatment and results in 78 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235600 TI - [Intrathoracic complications of effort or emetic rupture of the cardia and the oesophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235601 TI - [The interest of preoperative arterial embolization. Based on a case study of hypernephroma metastasis of the thoracic wall (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235602 TI - [Diaphragmatic eventration and phrenic paralysis in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235603 TI - [Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (Bochdalek hernia) well tolerated up to twenty three, then strangulated and perforated at the seventh month of pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235604 TI - [Prosthetic replacement of the trachea. Experimental study of Neville prosthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235605 TI - Left ventricular function after dynamic and static exercise in ischaemic heart disease. AB - The effects of dynamic and static exercise on left ventricular function in ischaemic heart disease were studied in 20 patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Radiocardiography was used to determine left ventricular volumes at rest and during exercise tests. Dynamic exercise increased cardiac output significantly (p less than 0.001) in the 10 patients with one vessel coronary artery disease, whereas end-diastolic and end-systolic volume and ejection fraction did not change from the resting values. In contrast, in the 10 patients with multiple coronary vessel disease significant increases in end diastolic (p less than 0.05) and end-systolic volumes (p less than 0.001) were observed during dynamic exercise. Cardiac output increased by only 21% (p less than 0.05) while a decrease in ejection fraction (p less than 0.005) reflected pump dysfunction in these patients. Static exercise did not change cardiac output or end-diastolic volume significantly. The end-systolic volumes increased in both patient groups, more so in the patients with multi-vessel coronary involvement (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.01, respectively). These data revealed a different left ventricular volume response to dynamic exercise in the patients with one-vessel coronary artery disease compared with those with multi-coronary involvement. The afterload stress taking place during the static exercise, on the other hand, evoked left ventricular dysfunction very sensitively and similarly, irrespective of the extent of coronary artery stenoses. PMID- 7235606 TI - Comparison of cross-sectional and M-mode multidirectional echocardiography in ischaemic heart disease. AB - Cross-sectional and multidirectional M-mode echocardiographic techniques were compared in the assessment of the site and size of asynergic regions of the left ventricle in 13 patients with acute or chronic ischaemic heart disease. The left ventricular short axis diameters measured from the same recording position were similar (r = 0.81). The centre sites of asynergy detected by both echo techniques corresponded well with each other, and with electrocardiographic site of infarction. Regional motion could be analyzed in asynergic left ventricles in 71% of the segments with the cross-sectional technique; in 3 patients no clear images were obtained. The M-mode echoventriculography detected asynergic motion and correctly assessed the presence of scar tissue in 4 patients with old myocardial infarction. With the cross sectional technique this differentiation was not possible. It is concluded that the multidirectional M-mode echocardiography technique gives sharper definition of the asynergic segments in acute or chronic ischaemic heart disease, while the spatial orientation to the left ventricle is more convenient with the cross-sectional technique. PMID- 7235607 TI - The effect of education, marital status and sexual behaviour on the incidence of puerperal endometritis and bacteriuria. AB - During a one year study period, 5058 patients were delivered in the State Maternity Hospital of Helsinki. Caesarean section was performed on 774 patients (15.3%). The puerperal endometritis rate was 1.8% after vaginal delivery and 9.8% after Caesarean section. After vaginal delivery, the frequency of endometritis in unmarried women (3.9%) was more than twice as high as in married women (1.5%) (p less than 0.001). After Caesarean section, endometritis occurred in 20.7% of unmarried and in 8.9% of married women (p less than 0.001). Patients who had sexual intercourse during the last week of pregnancy had endometritis after vaginal delivery at a rate of 2.4% and in 20.0% after Caesarean section. In patients who had not sexual intercourse the percentages were 1.6 and 8.3 respectively. In vaginal deliveries the difference was small but in Caesarean sections statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Maternal education had no significant effect on the frequency of endometritis. Bacteriuria corresponding to greater than or equal to 10(5) bacteria/ml of urine was found in 179 patients (5.0%). The frequency of bacteriuria did not have a statistically significant correlation with the marital status of the patients, nor with their education or sexual behaviour during the last week of pregnancy. PMID- 7235608 TI - Excretion of urinary calcium and oxalate on three diets in patients with urolithiasis. AB - Effects of standard mineral, free, and low calcium--low oxalate diets on the urinary excretion of calcium and oxalate were studied in 153 consecutive patients with single or recurrent renal/ureteral stone. The patients were divided into four groups: 78 men with single stone (MS), 40 men with recurrent stone (MR), 30 women with single stone (WS), and 5 women with recurrent stone (WR). The urine volume was altered significantly (p less than 0.001) by the diet. The sex and the diet had a significant influence on the urinary excretion of calcium. The urinary excretion of oxalate was altered significantly by the diet (p less than 0.001), but not by sex nor by the number of stones. The goal for the low calcium--low oxalate diet (the simple concentration product under 26) was reached in MS and WS. The excretion of urinary calcium and oxalate increased and urine volume decreased in the samples collected at home when compared with the samples collected in the hospital. This was interpreted as a failure of the dietary regimen at home. PMID- 7235609 TI - Outcome of stroke in the Espoo--Kauniainen area, Finland. AB - A prospective study of all stroke cases in the Espoo--Kauniainen area (population 113 000) in South-Finland was carried out during 1972 and 1973 by the WHO stroke register method. 286 stroke patients were registered; 61% of them had a brain infarction, 16% an intracerebral haemorrhage and 15% a subarachnoid haemorrhage. The total incidence was 200/100 000/year after age adjustment of the results to the population of Finland. The incidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage, 23.9/100 000/year was especially high. The mortality within three months was 40%, and that after median follow-up periods of four and six years was 62% and 67% respectively. In the intracerebral haemorrhage group the 3-month mortality was very high (72%), but it did not change during the follow-up period. In the subarachnoid haemorrhage group the 3-month mortality was 43%, which increased slightly, but in the brain infarction group the 3-month mortality of 30% increased steadily up to 66% during the follow-up period. The causes of death after the acute stage were cardiovascular as often as cerebrovascular. After four and six years, 71% of the survivors were fully independent in activities of daily living. After four years 21% had even returned to work. 16% of the survivors were still working after six years. PMID- 7235610 TI - Repeat study of antecedent events in motor neuron disease. AB - Recently we applied case control methods to the investigation of motor neuron disease (MND) with surprising results: MND patients have greater exposure to lead and mercury and drink more milk than either diseased or normal age- and sex matched control patients. Because of the implications of these findings as possible environmental influences in the pathogenesis of MND, we repeated the earlier study using a larger population and a more standardized interview technique. This time the MND patients reported more exposure to mercury or to the combination mercury or lead than either control group. As adults and at age 18, more MND patients drank in excess of three glasses of milk daily. We conclude that exposure to lead or mercury and excessive milk ingestion are possible antecedent events predisposing to MND. PMID- 7235611 TI - Cyclic nucleotides in schizophrenia. PMID- 7235612 TI - The gastric secretion profile of patients with chronic renal failure. AB - The secretion of gastric juice, HCI, and sialic acid was investigated in 45 patients with chronic renal failure, 13 patients with gastric ulcers, 52 with duodenal ulcers, and 27 control patients during the dose-response pentagastrin test. The renal patients had low gastric juice and HCI secretion both in the basal condition and during pentagastrin stimulation. It was almost of the same magnitude as in patients with gastric ulcers. The basal sialic acid secretion in renal patients did not differ from that of the controls, but in patients with peptic ulcers it was significantly higher. During pentagastrin stimulation the differences decreased. Stimulated maximal HCI output values in relation to sialic acid output were also similar in the gastric ulcer and renal patients. Thus the gastric secretion profiles, excluding the basal sialic acid secretion, were quite alike in patients with chronic renal failure and those with gastric ulcers. PMID- 7235613 TI - Red cell flexibility and oxygen affinity in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary arteries. AB - Plasma viscosity, haemoglobin-oxygen affinity and red cell flexibility were determined in 16 patients who had angina pectoris but no objective evidence for spasms or obstructions in the coronary arteries. Reference data were obtained from healthy controls and from a group of patients with angina pectoris and multivessel coronary artery disease. In the non-coronary angina group mean plasma viscosity (+/- SD) was in the normal range (1.3 leads to 0.06 centipoise). The same was true for haemoglobin-oxygen affinity (P50: 25.9 +/- 1.7 mmHg). Both red cell rigidity (71 +/- 20 mmHg) and red cell fragility (142 +/- 95 mg/l) were significantly higher (p les than 0.0025) than in the control group (54 +/- 10 mmHg and 63 +/- 29 mg/l, respectively). The group with coronary artery obstructions did not differ from the controls. Thus rigid red cells appear to be related to the syndrome of angina pectoris despite normal coronary arteries. In the light of previous findings of local perfusion abnormalities in these patients, inflexible erythrocytes could be an additional factor compromising myocardial capillary flow. PMID- 7235614 TI - Significance of monospecific antisera in the diagnosis and prognosis of autoimmune haemolytic anaemias. AB - The significance of the monospecific antiglobulin test in the diagnosis and prognosis of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) was tested in 74 patients with AIHA and 59 patients with secondary AIHA. There were 48 female and 26 male patients. Idiopathic AIHA patients more often had two or more positive monospecific reactions in the direct antiglobulin test than secondary AIHA patients. Increased serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, indicating increased intravascular haemolysis, were found more frequently in patients with two or more positive monospecific antiglobulin tests. The number of thromboembolic complications and deaths correlated positively with the number of positive monospecific reactions in antiglobulin test. In particular, positive direct antiglobulin test with monospecific anti-IgA was often combined with severe AIHA. PMID- 7235615 TI - HLA-antigen distribution in juvenile diabetics with end-stage nephropathy. AB - Diabetic nephropathy with renal failure is a major cause of death among juvenile diabetics. It is as yet unknown why some diabetics suffer from this serious renal complication while others do not, in spite of long duration of diabetes. For therapeutic reasons it is of the utmost importance to find out which patients are at risk long before the manifestation of renal insufficiency. Juvenile diabetics are know to have an increased frequency of some HLA antigens. The relationships between the HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C antigens and diabetic end-stage nephropathy were therefore evaluated in the present study. The study comprised 121 insulin dependent diabetics with renal failure (mean age at onset of diabetes 13.4 leads to 7.6 (SD) years, mean pre-uraemic duration of diabetes 21.7 leads to 4.7 years), and 36 insulin-dependent diabetics (mean age at onset of diabetes 16.5 leads to 8.4 years) without renal failure despite long mean duration of diabetes (32.5 leads to 5.1 years). We found the expected significant increase in B8 and B15 and a decrease in B7 frequencies in the diabetics compared with the non diabetic population, but no difference was found between uraemic and non-uraemic diabetics. Neither the early onset of diabetes nor the rapid appearance of renal failure was associated with any HLA frequency. The data therefore do not provide evidence of the involvement of B8 or B15 allele-associated mechanisms in the disease process leading to diabetic nephropathy with renal failure. There was a significant difference (p corrected less than 0.01) between the frequency of Bw22 in uraemic diabetics (14%) and that in non-diabetics (5%) while the frequency was near normal in non-uraemic diabetics. Further data are needed to confirm the possible association of Bw22 with diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 7235616 TI - Self-poisoning patients in an intensive care unit. AB - The purpose of the present study was to analyze 147 self-poisoning cases, admitted within one year to an intensive care unit (ICU). About half the patients had taken only one substance. The most important poisons were alcohol (52% of the cases), neuroleptics (37%), anxiolytics (28%), hypnotics (27%), antidepressants (16%) and analgesics (13%). On admission, 25% of patients were hypotensive, 25% of patients had cardiac arrhythmias or conduction disturbances. Retention of carbon dioxide was found in 28% of cases. In 60% of the patients emptying of the stomach contents was performed. Four patients, all of whom survived, were treated with haemodialysis. Most of the patients were treated in the ICU for less than two days. Three patients died, all of whom had taken large amounts of poisons and/or were in a critical condition on admission. Among men the most common psychiatric disorder preceding the poisoning was alcoholism: among women it was depression. A very serious attempt at suicide was considered to be the reason with 38% of the cases. About two thirds of the patients were sent for psychiatric aftercare. To reduce further suicide attempts, large general hospitals should have psychiatric outpatient clinics or consultation facilities. PMID- 7235617 TI - [Adrenomyeloneuropathy in adults. Relationship with adrenoleukodystrophy in children (author's transl)]. AB - The case reported concerns a man in whom appeared gradually, since the age of twenty-seven years, difficulty in walking and sexual impotence. The neurological syndrome consisted of pyramidal signs and objective sensory disorders of the lower limbs, intermittent sphincter disorders and mild mental deterioration, which was progressive. Biopsy of a sensory nerve showed rarefaction of myelinated fibres. The endocrine syndrome consisted of peripheral adrenal insufficiency, which was undoubted but with biologic evidence only. There was no response of plasma cortisol during five stimulation tests with tetracosactide and there was a gradual rise in plasma A.C.T.H. The clinical picture was thus that of an adrenomyeloneuropathy. PMID- 7235618 TI - [Sensitive radioimmunoassay for plasma arginine vasopressin (author's transl)]. AB - Using an ion exchange resin, a sensitive radioimmunoassay for plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) was developed. This assay was characterized by the absence of blank values, an excellent recovery rate, great sensitivity (0.1 pg of AVP was significantly detected) and reproducibility. In 8 normal men, plasma AVP after overnight dehydration was 1.57 +/- 0.17 pg/ml and dropped to 0.58 +/- 0.11 pg/ml after 20 ml/kg oral water loading. Significant correlations between plasma AVP levels and plasma or urinary osmolality confirm the validity of this assay. In complete pituitary diabetes insipidus (n = 4) plasma AVP was undetectable whereas it was frankly increased in Schwartz-Bartter syndrome (3 to 33 pg/ml, n = 8). PMID- 7235619 TI - Prolactin level in relation to gonadotrophin concentration during different phases of annual reproductive cycle in the freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.). AB - Changes in prolactin content of the pituitary gland and blood serum were studied in relation to the changes in gonadotrophic concentration during the different phases of annual reproductive cycle in Clarias batrachus. Prolactin content showed a cyclic variation. Increasing trend in its potency kept pace with the rising concentration of gonadotrophin in the pituitary gland as well as in the blood. Upward movement in prolactin and gonadotrophin levels started with the onset of gonadal development from the preparatory phase, reached to their maximum concentration during spawning period, thereafter began to decline to touch their ebb in the post-spawning phase of reproductive cycle. PMID- 7235620 TI - Evidence for the involvement of serotoninergic system in the male-induced ovo implantation failure (Bruce effect) in mice. AB - Failure of ovo-implantation in newly mated female mice induced by exposure to alien males (Bruce effect) was prevented by administration of 2-(1-piperazinyl) quinoline maleate (quipazine). Since quipazine has serotonin receptor agonistic effect resulting in the elevation of prolactin secretion, it is suggested that the increased secretion of prolactin induced by the drug prevented the Bruce effect. The results suggest the involvement of the serotoninergic system in the sequence of events that leads to the Bruce effect. PMID- 7235621 TI - The structure of the human population of the Isles of Scilly: inferences from surnames and birthplaces listed in census and marriage records. AB - Investigation of the commonality of surnames among the isles of Scilly using data covering the period from 1726 to the present, yields coefficients of relationship by isonymy which are compared with measures of relationship based on marital migration rates. The coefficients of relationship, calculated from lists of surnames in the marriage registers, and from lists of male surnames from the 1851 and 1871 censuses, are higher than any values yet reported for other British populations. However, the coefficient of relationship between the islands as a whole and the mainland of England and Wales is similar to the values reported for other English populations. Comparison of coefficients of relationship by marital isonymy show an overall decrease in the frequency of such marriages over time and a slight tendency to avoid marriages between close relatives. The lack of correlation between coefficients of relationship by random isonymy and marital migration rates derived from the census data is believed to be due to fluctuations in marriage patterns over time, the marital migration rates accounting for single generational patterns, while the coefficients of relationship by isonymy reflect the accumulated breeding structure. The chief influences on the coefficients of relationship appear to have been the founder effect, coupled with a long history of inter-island marriage but a high rate of endogamy from the islands as a whole. PMID- 7235622 TI - Population structure and anthropometric variation in rural western Ireland: migration and biological differentiation. AB - Models of population structure can be investigated using data on anthropometric variation among local populations. Anthropometric data collected by Dupertuis and Dawson during the 1930s were analysed from 347 males and 261 females in 12 towns in three counties of western Ireland. We hypothesized that recent migration would decrease the degree of among-group variation. To test this hypothesis, two additional samples were created by excluding known inter-county migrants from both male and female samples. Based on ethnographic data, a fifth sample was created using unmarried females only, in order to control partially for local migration upon marriage. Univariate and multivariate measures of relative differentiation were developed to compare different levels of migration and differences among the sexes. We found that the degree of among-group variation decreased as the amount of migration increased, in accordance with spatial models of population structure. Using non-parametric correlations of geographic and anthropometric distance, the observed patterns of differentiation were closely related to geography, suggesting a spatial model of gene flow to be appropriate in interpreting among-group variation. The female samples showed greater differentiation and higher correlations with geography than the males. It seems that this results from the sensitivity of males to developmental and local environmental influences, causing an increase in the relative amount of within group variation. PMID- 7235623 TI - A longitudinal study of the growth in height of boys and girls of West Bengal (India) aged six months of 20 years. AB - This study is the first Indian longitudinal growth survey from early childhood to maturity. The heights of 303 boys and 260 girls, from middle-class families in a semi-urban area south of Calcutta, were measured at regular intervals over periods of up to 14 years (between 1952 and 1966). The data were analysed using appropriate mixed longitudinal and curve-fitting techniques. Growth in height of these middle-class Bengali children, who are not a representative sample of the Indian population, is slightly above the national Indian Council of Medical Research Standards. In both sexes, mean heights are below the 10th centile line of the British standards from an early age onwards, mainly due to a smaller prepubertal growth. The adolescent growth spurt in the Indians similar to that seen in British children, as is the age at which it occurs (peak height velocity at 14.0 years in boys, 12.5 years in girls). The sex difference of 14.0 cm in adult stature is attributable to a greater adolescent gain in the boys of 6.0 cm, a greater height in boys at the girls' age at take-off of 3.3 cm and a gain in height by the boys of 4.7 cm between the girls' and boys' ages at take-off. PMID- 7235624 TI - Genetic and environmental influences on growth of Philadelphia Black and White schoolchildren. AB - Sibling correlations in body size and composition are considered in 114 pairs of American Black and 101 pairs of White sibs, ranging in age from 6 to 12 years. Correlations were similar in the two races. Sibling resemblance was more or less similar for skeletal measurements (0.35-0.48), limb circumferences (0.41-0.43), and skinfolds (0.31-0.41). Age difference between members of a pair was found to affect the sibling correlations, especially for measurements of low genetic control. This is taken as evidence for environmental contributions to sibling resemblance. Higher sister-sister similarities in fat (as compared to brother brother) were evident in Blacks (as they were in a rural South American sample) but not in Whites. This pattern could arise from similar sex-role differentiation in these two cultures (Afro and Latin American) or similar expression of sex limited genes under less favourable environmental conditions. PMID- 7235625 TI - Assortative marriage for smoking habits. AB - Assortative marriage for smoking habits was studied in 68 engaged couples, 112 newly wed couples, and 223 couples married for six years or more. All three groups showed a fairly strong correlation between couples for smoking, r = 0.332 +/- 0.047 (mean + SD). Smoking habits were highly intercorrelated with social class and education but the correlation for smoking remained highly significant, even when correction was made for these factors. Because this correlation was present even in those who have not yet married, smoking habits may well be an important factor in choosing a marriage partner PMID- 7235626 TI - Standard of weight-for-height for English children from age 5.0 to 11.0 years. AB - Analysis of data from the National Study of Health and Growth confirms the need to take age into account when assessing weight-for-height of children aged 5+ to 10+. The method described by Cole leads to errors in the assessment of English and Scottish children, in particular of those tall for their age. This is mainly because the method employs a log(weight)-log(height) rather than a log(weight) height relationship. Using the latter, weight-for-height centiles are calculated using data for 7157 English boys and girls. It is shown that age last birthday is a precise enough measure of age for the assessment of prepubertal children. Charts of weight-for-height standards are given in an appendix. PMID- 7235627 TI - Dermatoglyphic asymmetry as a measure of canalization. AB - Fluctuating asymmetry has been used frequently, especially in the experimental literature, as a measure of developmental stability. However, the relationship between asymmetry and the ability of the genotype to produce an adaptive phenotype is far from clear. In this paper we evaluate the relationship between asymmetry and the mean of a quantitative trait in humans. The trait used is the a b ridge-count, the count between the a and b triradius in the second interdigital area of the palm. The extremes of both ends of the a-b count distribution exhibit greater asymmetry than values closer to the mean. This evidence suggests that dermatoglyphic asymmetry does reflect to some extent the degree to which the developing phenotype is controlled. PMID- 7235628 TI - Vestibular testing in basilar artery migraine. AB - Vestibular function studies were performed in 20 children with symptoms suggesting basilar artery migraine. Sixteen children had abnormalities on bithermal caloric testing. Labyrinthine preponderance was found in 1 child with labyrinthine concussion and in 6 children with symptoms suggesting ischemia of the territory supplied by the basilar artery and the occipital branches of the posterior cerebral arteries. Directional preponderance was found in 4 children with symptoms suggesting ischemia of the posterior temporal branches of the posterior cerebral arteries. Five children had both labyrinthine and directional preponderance. normal electronystagmographic findings were present in 4 children and correlated clinically with a milder illness. Head trauma was the triggering factor for the migraine in 5 children. Five children developed complex partial seizures and had evidence of directional preponderance (2 children) and combined labyrinthine and directional preponderance (2 children). The presence of abnormalities on electronystagmography in children with basilar artery migraine correlates with the severity of the disease. Directional preponderance or labyrinthine and directional preponderance are more frequently correlated with ischemia in the posterior temporal branches of the posterior cerebral arteries and may suggest a higher risk of developing vertiginous seizures when ischemia is prolonged. PMID- 7235629 TI - The influence of immaturity on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in the rat. AB - Brain damage in the Levine preparation (unilateral common carotid artery ligation with hypoxia) consists of ischemic neuronal alterations in the ipsilateral forebrain. As the model has been restricted to adult animals, unilateral common carotid artery ligation was carried out in 7-day-postnatal rats. Four to 8 hours later the 25 pups were exposed to 8% oxygen at 37 degrees C for 3.5 hours. Controls consisted of littermates subjected to carotid ligation without subsequent hypoxia, hypoxia without prior ligation, and neither ligation nor hypoxia. After hypoxia the animals were returned to their dams and appeared normal for up to 50 hours. All pups were then killed by perfusion-fixation. Moderate to severe ischemic neuronal changes were seen in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus in at least 90% of the animals and included infarction in 56% of the brains. Cortical damage was occasionally laminar but more often occurred in columns at right angles to the pial surface. Unlike adult animals, there was necrosis of white matter, greater ipsilaterally, originating in and spreading from myelinogenic foci. The evolution of ischemic cell change and the associated gliomesodermal reaction was more rapid than in the adult. In 22 additional pups subjected to carotid artery ligation and hypoxia, brains were analyzed for water content. Significant increases (0.6 to 3.3%) in water content of the ipsilateral hemispheres occurred in 11 of 22 brains (50%). Unilateral ischemia combined with hypoxia in developing rats therefore results in neuronal destruction in the same brain regions as in adult animals, but also causes necrosis of white matter. The incidence of increased water content was similar to that of overt infarction. Thus, as previously shown in the adult, brain edema is a consequence rather than a cause of major ischemic damage in the immature animal. PMID- 7235630 TI - Vascular adrenergic receptor responses in skeletal muscle in myotonic dystrophy. AB - The pharmacological responses of vascular adrenergic receptors to intravenously administered epinephrine, phentolamine, and propranolol were assessed by measuring muscle blood flow (MBF) changes in the tibialis anterior muscle using the xenon 133 clearance technique and were compared in 8 normal subjects and 11 patients with myotonic dystrophy. In cases with advanced involvement of the muscle, the resting MBF was reduced and was not significantly altered by epinephrine before or after alpha- or beta-receptor blockade. In patients in whom the tibialis anterior muscle was normal or only minimally affected clinically, a paradoxical reduction in the epinephrine-induced increase in MBF was found after alpha blockade by phentolamine, and the epinephrine-induced MBF increase was not completely blocked by propranolol as in the normal subjects. These findings point to functional alteration in the properties of vascular adrenergic receptors in muscle in myotonic dystrophy. While this may be another manifestation of a widespread cell membrane defect in the disease, the possibility that the changes are secondary to the myotonic state cannot be excluded. PMID- 7235631 TI - An ultramicroscopic study of skin and conjunctival biopsies in chronic neurological disorders of childhood. AB - One hundred twenty-seven skin and 59 conjunctival biopsies were performed in 136 pediatric patients with chronic neurological disorders. Ultrastructural abnormalities were found in 48 of 72 patients with unequivocally progressive encephalopathies (67 of which could not be diagnosed by biochemical means) and in 4 patients with miscellaneous disease (fetal rubella syndrome and hereditary motor-sensory neuropathy), but in none of 55 patients with static or dubiously progressive encephalopathies. Of the 48 positive biopsies in the group with progressive encephalopathies, 39 showed abnormalities characteristic enough to permit a specific diagnosis (lysosomal storage disorders, neuroaxonal dystrophy, ophthalmoplegia-plus) in conjunction with a compatible clinical picture. In 9 cases no diagnosis could be made despite the finding of lamellar or vacuolar inclusions. In no case were discrepancies observed between the results of skin and conjunctival biopsies. Although biochemical analysis is the simplest and most effective technique for the diagnosis of most progressive encephalopathies, skin or conjunctival biopsy is a valuable procedure in patients without detectable enzyme deficiency. PMID- 7235632 TI - Ultrastructure of tuberous sclerosis: cortical tuber and subependymal tumor. AB - Ultrastructural examination of two biopsy cases of tuberous sclerosis, a subependymal tumor and a cortical tuber, revealed giant cells with astrocytic features in both cases. These included multipolar processes containing glial filaments, glycogen, and membrane-bound dense bodies, as well as formation of hemidesmosomes with pia and vascular basement membranes. Megamitochondria were also seen within glial processes. In addition to the numerous glial-glial contacts encountered in both cases, rare neuroglial junctions suggesting aberrant synapse formation were observed within the cortical tuber. This observation, in concert with the organization of multiple small neurites along large, aberrant astrocyte processes found within the tuber, mimics features of neuroembryonic development described in lower mammals and nonhuman primates. Such a parallel in ultrastructural morphology supports a primarily dysplastic nature for the lesions in tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 7235633 TI - Antidiuretic hormone levels in stroke patients. AB - Serum osmolality and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels were determined for 17 patients with cerebral infarction, 4 with subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 12 controls. The ADH levels were elevated significantly in the stroke patients. Hyponatremia was not observed. Stroke patients are at risk for developing electrolyte disturbances; thus, fluid intake and electrolyte levels should be closely observed. PMID- 7235634 TI - Demyelination of the lateral geniculate nucleus in central pontine myelinolysis. AB - Postmortem examination of the central nervous system in 6 of 9 patients with central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) revealed demyelination in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Histologically, the geniculate lesions consisted of myelin swelling and disintegration, largely in the central part of the nucleus, with preservation of axons and neuronal perikarya. The pathological changes resembled those found in the basis pontis in CPM. PMID- 7235635 TI - Blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia (Meige's syndrome) in sisters. AB - Isolated idiopathic oromandibular dystonia and blepharospasm (Meige's syndrome) has generally been described as a nonfamilial disorder. This report describes Meige's syndrome in 2 sisters free of other neurological and psychiatric disease. PMID- 7235636 TI - Inverse ocular bobbing. AB - A new form of abnormal spontaneous eye movement termed inverse ocular bobbing is described. It consists of a slow downward eye movement followed by delayed quick return upward to midposition. It is contrasted with other types of abnormal vertical eye movements. PMID- 7235637 TI - gamma-Hydroxybutyrate in narcolepsy. PMID- 7235638 TI - Amantadine in essential tremor. PMID- 7235639 TI - Clonazepam in dialysis encephalopathy. PMID- 7235640 TI - Brief and mild alcohol intake can increase serum creatine phosphokinase. PMID- 7235642 TI - [Brain lesions and perception of blurred faces: hemispheric differences]. PMID- 7235641 TI - [Hemispheric specialization, perception of and memory for words]. PMID- 7235643 TI - [Infant competence: cardiovascular and behavioral indices]. PMID- 7235644 TI - [Relationship between the duration of perceptual identification and verbal reaction time]. PMID- 7235645 TI - [Localization and orientation by the subject during displacement: a study of performance]. PMID- 7235646 TI - [The role of knowledge of results in a quantification of sound sequences task]. PMID- 7235648 TI - [What's new in visual form perception?]. PMID- 7235647 TI - [Children and large-scale space]. PMID- 7235649 TI - [Perception of the human face and hemispheric differences in the normal human subject]. PMID- 7235651 TI - [Cephalexin pharmacokinetics]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cephalexin monohydrate after its oral administration in a single dose was studied on rats and dogs. The analysis of the pharmacokinetic data obtained with the one-compartmental model showed that the rate of the antibiotic absorption in the rats was higher than that in the dogs. The periods of the cephalexin half-absorption and maximum concentration were 0.2 and 1.1 hour in the rats and 0.64 and 1.9 hours in the dogs respectively. The period of the antibiotic half-life was almost the same in both animal species. Selective localization of cephalexin in the kidney and liver tissues was noted. The antibiotic was mainly excreted by the kidneys (98.8 per cent for 24 hours). PMID- 7235650 TI - [Initial antibiotic resistance of the microflora isolated in various pathological states]. AB - Composition of microflora was studied in complicated wound infections and some inflammatory diseases. The comparative characteristics of the antibiotic resistance of the isolates is presented. It was noted that Pseudomonas and Proteus predominated in the microflora isolated in complicated wound infections. The etiological structure of the causative agents of the inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract was mainly presented by enteropathogenic Coli bacteria. All the isolated were highly sensitive to gentamicin and resistant to other antibiotics, the levels of the resistance being different. PMID- 7235652 TI - [Kanamycin pharmacokinetics in experimental small intestine obstruction]. AB - Pharmacokinetic studies on kanamycin administered intramuscularly in a dose of 30 mg/kg 1 hour before a surgical operation to dogs with 48-hour occlusive ileus showed a high level of the antibiotic penetration into the blood, lymph and blood of the small intestinal vascular system. About 50 per cent of the kanamycin blood concentration was determined in the peritoneal exudate and up to 20 per cent was determined in the walls of the obturated and intact small intestine, mesentery and peritoneum. The peak of the antibiotic concentration in all biosubstrates tested was recorded by the lst hour from the moment of the antibiotic administration. The method of transillumination angiotensometry used in the studies provided estimation of the blood flow adequacy and measurement of the pressure in the parietal and intramural vessels of the small intestine. Still, no information on kanamycin distribution in tissues was provided with this method. PMID- 7235653 TI - [Histochemical study of sodium nucleinate-activated peritoneal macrophages]. AB - The activity of various enzyme groups and the levels of protein and glycogen in the peritoneal macrophages of CBA mice treated intraperitoneally with sodium nucleinate were determined histochemically with the use of cytophotometry. A significant increase in the activity of the lysosomal enzymes, such as acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterases and an increase in the activity of lactate, malate, glutamate, alpha-glycerophosphate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenases. NAD.H- and NADF.H-diaphorases accompanied by an increase in the level of the total protein and glycogen were observed. Analysis of the changes was indicative of an increase in the inherent physiological metabolic and functional level under the effect of sodium nucleinate. It is suggested that the macrophage sub-populations with an increased metabolic activity appeared in the peritoneal exudate of the stimulated animals. Participation of the host low molecular DNA in the maintenance of the physiological level of th nonspecific antiinfectious resistance is suggested. PMID- 7235654 TI - [Effect of prodigiozan on the surface structures of peritoneal macrophages under the scanning electron microscope]. AB - The surface structures of peritoneal macrophages of mice were investigated with a scanning electron microscope RZEM-500. The study revealed 3 types of the macrophages. Macrophages of type 1 predominated in intact mice. These macrophages are cells rounded or oval in shape with a great number of compact finger-like excresences differing in size and form. In the animals treated with prodigiozan in a single dose of 150 mg/kg, the majority of the macrophages were larger in size and had a changed surface: spread, with many branches, "train", undulated membranes. Formation of a great number of macrophagal and macrophagal-lymphocytic clusters evident of the increased cell cooperation under the effect of prodigiozan was shown. The morphological changes in the surface structures of the macrophages under the effect of prodigiozan in vivo indicate an increase in their functional activity. PMID- 7235655 TI - [Changes in tumor cell sensitivity to the action of triterpene glycosides in liposomes]. AB - The effect of the increased levels of cholesterol in ascites tumor cells of mouse sarcoma 37 on the cytochemical activity of 4 triterpene glycosides was studied. A definite correlation between the increase in the cholesterol level in the cells and the glycoside activity was noted. The effect character of some triterpene glycosides depended on the pH value of the medium. PMID- 7235656 TI - [Use of an express method in studying the cytotoxic action of antitumor antibiotics]. AB - The cytostatic effect of some antitumor antibiotics such as carminomycin, olivomycin, bruneomycin, rubomycin C and adriamycin was studied with a rapid method based on measurement of 3H-thymidine and 14C-adenine incorporation into the tumor cells of suspended primary cultures of mouse lymphadenosis NK/Ly. The method is recommended for screening of antitumor antibiotics. PMID- 7235657 TI - [Effect of gentamycin on the kidney functional state in experimental pyelonephritis]. AB - The experiments with rats treated with gentamicin showed that nitrogen excretion function of the kidneys did not significantly change in the animals 3 months after induction of pyelonephritis, while in the animals not treated with the antibiotic there was a significant increase in excretion of alkaline phosphatase with urine. The nitrogen excretion function of the kidneys was not affected by gentamicin, except an increase in the urea blood level. Gentamicin promoted a significant rise in excretion of enzymes with urine, especially that of alkaline phosphatase. Treatment of healthy animals with gentamicin resulted in the increased excretion of alkaline phosphatase with urine and increased urea blood levels which was evident of the nephrotoxic effect of the aminoglycoside antibiotic. When such animals were treated with furosemide, the renal excretion of the enzyme and the blood creatinine urea levels decreased. Therefore, furosemide lowered nephropathy induced by gentamicin. The increase in the activity of the urine enzymes may be due to inflammatory changes in the kidney parenchymal on the one hand and the pephrotoxic effect of the drugs on the other hand. The urine enzymes may be used as important diagnostic tests in cases with kidney affections and indicators of safe treatment with nephrotoxic antibiotics. PMID- 7235658 TI - [Sulfalene circulation in kidney disease patients]. AB - Examinations of patients suffering from chronic nephritis with the nephrotoxic syndrome and amyloidosis of the kidneys with unchanged glomerular filtration showed that the rate of sulfalen excretion in the patients with the kidney diseases was higher than that in the persons of the control group. The sulfalen elimination rate and the plasmatic clearance in such patients were higher. The higher rate of sulfalen elimination was due to increased excretion of the unchanged drug with urine. PMID- 7235659 TI - [Microbial flora sensitivity to antibacterial agents in chronic pyelonephritis patients who have had acute kidney failure]. AB - The analysis of antibioticograms of patients with a history of chronic pyelonephritis and acute renal insufficiency is presented. It was found that the synergistic effect observed with the use of gentamicin in combination with carbenicillin or ampicillin with cephaloridin provides a decrease in the therapeutic doses of the drugs with a purpose of elimination of their side action. PMID- 7235660 TI - [State of the nonspecific protection factors of the body in chronic parotitis treated with penicillin]. AB - The factors of host nonspecific protection (FHNP) in patients with chronic parotiditis treated and not treated with penicillin were studied. 81 patients with chronic parotiditis and 25 healthy persons were examined for comparison of the values of FHNP. 38 patients with chronic parotiditis in the phase of exacerbation were treated with penicillin in doses of 500000 units 4 times a day for 7 days. The following FHNP were determined 7 days after the exacerbation start: bactericidal activity of blood serum, lysozyme activity of saliva and blood, phagocytosis, immune adhesion test, complement. The investigation showed a significant decrease in FHNP in the patients with chronic parotiditis in the phase of exacerbation (P less than 0.01, less than 0.05). The treatment with penicillin resulted in a further decrease in the levels of FHNP which suggests inclusion of stimulating therapy into the combined treatment of patients with chronic parotiditis. PMID- 7235661 TI - [Metrological evaluation of spectrophotometric and polarimetric methods in determining the griseofulvin content in the finished product]. AB - Correctness and reproducibility of the results of spectrophotometric and polarimetric determinations of the griseofulvin content in the finished products were studied with the use of reference griseofulvin and the samples of the antibiotic industrial lots. It was shown that the relative standard deviation in determination of E1CM1% ranged within 1.6--4.6 per cent. The use of a greater number of the analytical wave lengths and special spectrophotometric methods for the assay of the substance in the presence of the admixtures resulted in significant systemic errors and did not improve the assay reproducibility. The relative standard deviation in determination of the specific rotation of 1 per cent solution of the drug in dimethyl formamide was about 0.6 per cent with the use of the same samples, no systemic errors higher than 1--2 per cent being observed. It is concluded that the use of the polarimetric method for quantitative determination of griseofulvin is more advisable. PMID- 7235662 TI - [Role of plasmid genes in neomycin synthesis]. AB - Comparative investigation of the neomycin-producing strain and a strain which has spontaneously lost the capacity for the antibiotic synthesis suggested participation of the plasmid with the molecular weight of 59 X 10(6) dalton in determination of the biosynthesis of neomycin and phosphotransferase inactivating the antibiotics. This plasmid factor is not eliminated under the effect of the sublethal concentrations of acridine orange and ethidium bromide. PMID- 7235663 TI - [A new antibiotic, corallomycin, from an Act. longispororuber]. AB - A new antibiotic named corralomycin (C34H28O9) was isolated from the mycelium of culture 6795-38 classified as belonging to Act. longispororuber. The maximum UV absorption spectra of the antibiotic in an alcohol solution were observed at the wavelengths of 228, 268 and 420 nm, the absorption bonds of 3400, 2980, 2865, 1710, 1625, 1595, 1165, 880 and 780 cm(-1) were recorded in the IR spectrum. Two acetyl derivatives of corallomycin, i.e. diacetate (C38H32O11) and tetraacetate (C42H36O13) were prepared. PMID- 7235664 TI - [Extraction and spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of oleandomycin]. PMID- 7235665 TI - [Preparation of tritium-labelled carminomycin and rubomycin by the isotope exchange method with tritiated water and the determination of the label stability in aqueous solutions]. AB - A simple procedure for preparation of tritiated anthracycline antibiotics, such as rubomycin and carminomycin is described. The method is based on isotope exchange with tritiated water at 100 degrees C. The specific activity of the preparations is several hundreds decays a minute per 1 microgram. The stability of the antibiotic label in aqueous solutions at various pH values was determined. At pH 7.2 and a temperature of 37 degrees C the loss of the tritium by the end of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 7th day amounted to 7.1, 11, 14, 19, and 24 per cent, respectively. It is concluded tht tritiated antibiotics prepared with the method of tritiated water exchange may be used in biomedical investigations. PMID- 7235666 TI - [Effect of propolis on Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to antibiotics]. AB - The activity of propolis and its combinations with antibiotics against antibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus was studied. It was found that staphylococcae strains resistant to benzylpenicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin were mainly sensitive to propolis. It is concluded that there was synergism in the effect of propolis and antibiotics with respect to antibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7235667 TI - [Sensitivity to chemotherapeutic preparations of microflora isolated in chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis]. AB - Chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis was mainly caused (59.3 per cent) by various gramnegative bacteria. Staphylococcus, Proteus and P. aeruginosa was most frequent. Bacteria were most frequently isolated from associations of 2-5 species and not from monocultures. However, when the patient microflora was studied in dynamics, the whole associations could not be detected in every of the cases. Sensitivity of the causative agents to 23 antibacterial drugs was tested and it was found that the majority of the organisms were sensitive to gentamicin, rifampicin, biseptol, hydroxyquinolines (5-NOK, enteroseptol), furazolidon (except P. aeruginosa). P. aeruginosa was in addition sensitive to polymyxin. Proteus and other enterobacteria were sensitive to nevigramon, staphylococci and other grampositive bacteria were sensitive to oxacillin, lincomycin, novobiocin and fusidin. PMID- 7235668 TI - [Cephalosporin pharmacokinetics in rabbits]. AB - The kinetics of the blood serum and urine levels of cephalotin, cephaloridine, cephazolin, cephacetrile, cephapirin, cefalexin and cefradin was studied on rabbits treated with the antibiotics administered intravenously. The pharmacokinetic constants of the cephalosporins were calculated on the basis of the one-compartmental mathematical model. It was shown that cephalotin and cephapirin had the highest blood elimination rates. These antibiotics had higher constants of the elimination rate and lower time values of a two-fold decrease in the blood level. The elimination rates of the other cephalosporins were almost the same. The drugs did not differ in renal clearance. Cephapirin, cephalotin and cephacetrile had the lowest values of excretion with the urine. It was found that the tubular secretion took part in the renal excretion of all cephalosporins. Its proportion was especially high in renal excretion of cephalotin, cephapirin, cephazolin. The value of the "apparent" distribution was much higher for cephalotin, cephacetrile, cefradin and cephapirin as compared to the other drugs. The highest values of the total clearance were observed with respect to cephalotin, cephacetrile and cephapirin, as well as higher values of the extrarenal clearance. PMID- 7235669 TI - [Pharmacokinetic interference between furosemide and cephalosporins]. AB - The effect of furosemid was studied on rats in comparison to that of etamid with respect to circulation in the body of some cephalosporins, such as cephalotin, cephaloridin, cephazolin, cephacetrile, cephapirin, cefradin and cefalexin. Furosemid and etamid were administered to the rats intraperitoneally in a dose of 100 mg/kg 30 minutes before exposure to the cephalosporins. Cefalexin was administered intragastrically in a dose of 100 mg/kg and the other cephalosporins were administered intramuscularly in a dose of 20 mg/kg. It was found that furosemid increased the blood levels of all cephalosporins in the rats and especially those of cephaloridine and cephacetrile, the levels being increased 5 6 times. The effect of etamid was analogous but less pronounced. Furosemid significantly decreased the renal excretion of some cephalosporins, i.e. cephaloridine, cephalotin, cephacetrile and cephazolin and had an insignificant effect on renal excretion of the other antibiotics. Etamid did not inhibit renal excretion of the cephalosporins. PMID- 7235670 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the methods for assessing aminoglycoside extraction with the artificial kidney tobramycin clearance and dialyzability]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of tobramycin after its intravenous or intramuscular injection in a dose of 80 mg for 60 minutes was studied in 8 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis in the terminal stage of chronic renal insufficiency. The drug levels wee determined in the arterial (CA) and venous (CV) blood and dialyzates (CD) during the hemodialysis (6 hours) and 13-70 hours before the hemodialysis. The antibiotic was administered simultaneously with connection of the "artificial kidney" apparatus (KIIL) or 1 hour after it. The values of the clearance (CID) and dialyzing (D) of tobramycin were calculated with the following equations: (CID)1 equals Q(CA minus CV)/CA; (CID)4 equals FCD/CA; (D)2 equals Q(CA minus CV)/(CA minus CD); (D)5 equals FCD/(CA minus CD), where Q and F are the rates of the blood and dialysate flow respectively. In all cases the values of CID and D correlated and the difference between them was not significant. During the hemodialysis the values of (CID)1 varied to a greater extent than those of (CID)4. Irrespective of the procedure for estimation of CID the above variation was not pronounced, when tobramycin was administered simultaneously with initiation of the hemodialysis or during it than long before connection of the "artificial kidney" apparatus. In this connection it is recommended that antibiotic extraction be characterized by determination of (CID)4 on the drug administration long before the initiation of the hemodialysis. When Q equals 200 ml/min and F equals 600 ml/min, the average value of CLD for tobramycin was equal to 64 ml/min and the extraction coefficient was equal to 35 per cent. PMID- 7235671 TI - [Development of antitumor immunity in animals treated with carminomycin]. AB - Sensitivity of the mice inoculated with ascitic NK/Ly cells and cured with carminomycin to repeated inoculation with the same tumour was studied. It was found that curing with carminomycin was accompanied by development of resistance to the repeated inoculation. Such resistance might be transferred to intact singeneic mice with a suspension of the cells of the spleen or lymph nodes from unsusceptible donors. The transfer of the thymus cells from the above donors protected the recipients only partially. The spleen cells from intact donors, as well as their lymph node cells did not inhibit the tumour development. The thymus cells of the intact mice induced some suppression, thus probably favouring the active immune response in the recipient. Curing of the NK/Ly-inoculated mice with carminomycin was a more effective method for induction of immunity to the tumour than immunization of mice with NK/Ly cells inactivated by UV irradiation in vitro PMID- 7235672 TI - [Effect of carminomycin on the structural integrity, primary susceptibility to radiation damage and the postradiation repair of the cellular DNA-membrane complex in Ehrlich's ascitic carcinoma]. AB - It was found with the method of sedimentation analysis in sucrose alkaline gradients that carminomycin induced in vivo degradation of the DNA-membrane complex of the Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma cells (EAC). The concentration dependence of the complex damage correlated well with the data on the cell survival: the subtoxic concentration of the antibiotic according to these tests was 0.001 micrograms/ml. Combined effect of carminomycin in the subtoxic concentration and gamma-radiation on the cells did not result in any increase in the primary radiation damage to the DNA-membrane complex. Still, it inhibited its post-radiation reparation. This suggested that on the combined use of the above damaging agents the antibiotic significantly increased the effect of the ionizing radiation on the cells. PMID- 7235673 TI - Uptake of indolmycin in gram-positive bacteria. AB - The antimicrobial activity of indolmycin correlates with the generation time of the investigated strains. Thus, in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13150 with a 37-min generation time, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.6 microgram ml 1, and in Bacillus subtilis ATCC 27142 with a generation time of 23 min, the MIC reached 10.5 micrograms ml-1. Competition experiments in staphylococci and B. subtilis with aromatic amino acids demonstrated that indolmycin uses the uptake systems that are responsible for tryptophan. When the Ki values of indolmycin for the uptake of the aromatic amino acids in staphylococci were compared, there was a significantly higher influence on the uptake of tryptophan with respect to phenylalanine and tyrosine. In addition, indolmycin low resistant mutants of S. aureus ATCC 13150 showed a 10- to 100-fold decrease in Km value for the uptake of tryptophan and a 10-fold decrease for tyrosine uptake. The Km value for phenylalanine remained unchanged. A significant correlation existed between the Ki values of indolmycin for the uptake of tryptophan in the wild-type strains of S. aureus and B. subtilis and the MIC against the corresponding strain. Low Ki values corresponded to low MIC. These results imply that, in addition to improvement of the antibiotic structure for target affinity, the tryptophan uptake system can be used as a test model for the structural evaluation of indolmycin with respect to an increased transport activity into bacterial cells. PMID- 7235674 TI - Differences among Providencia species in their in vitro susceptibilities to five antibiotics. AB - Significant differences among the three Providencia species (P. alcalifaciens, P. stuartii, and P. rettgeri) in antimicrobial susceptibilities to five antibiotics were shown. P. stuartii was the most resistant of the three species, and P. alcalifaciens was the most susceptible. P. rettgeri was similar to P. stuartii in susceptibilities to cefoxitin, cephalothin, and cefamandole but differed in showing greater susceptibilities to tobramycin and gentamicin. Cefoxitin (16 micrograms/ml) and cefamandole (16 micrograms/ml) inhibited a greater proportion of P. stuartii isolates than did cephalothin, tobramycin, or gentamicin. The susceptibilities of urea-positive isolates of P. stuartii resembled more closely the susceptibilities of urea-negative isolates of this species than those of P. rettgeri isolates, a finding consistent with the recent recommendation for transferring such urea-positive strains to P. stuartii. Among P. stuartii isolates, marked resistance to cefoxitin accompanied by susceptibility to cefamandole was predominantly restricted to isolates of one serotype (O55). The use of isolates that had been serotyped and classified according to recent proposals for taxonomic changes in the Proteeae provided for clearer demonstration of species differences in susceptibility. PMID- 7235675 TI - In vitro antagonism by erythromycin of the bactericidal action of antimicrobial agents against common respiratory pathogens. AB - Ten strains each of Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were tested in vitro against erythromycin combined with ampicillin, cefamandole, or gentamicin. Antagonism by erythromycin occurred with 47% of the combinations involving strains of S. aureus and to a lesser degree with H. influenzae. Synergy occurred most commonly with H. influenzae (27%). The high frequency of antagonism and synergy with these organisms was associated with a broad range of bacteriostatic action by erythromycin against these same bacteria. The implications for the treatment of pneumonia are discussed. PMID- 7235676 TI - Klebsiella species: antimicrobial susceptibilities, bactericidal kinetics, and in vitro inactivation of beta-lactam agents. AB - In vitro properties of 19 antimicrobial agents were tested with 56 isolates of Klebsiella spp. The aminoglycosides and the new beta-lactam compounds cefotaxime and moxalactam were the most inhibitory drugs tested. Chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were moderately active, whereas piperacillin, mezlocillin, and furazlocillin were ineffective against 25% of the isolates. Gentamicin was the only agent tested that was uniformly bactericidal in time-kill experiments with drug concentrations of four times the minimal inhibitory concentration. In combination studies with gentamicin, moxalactam and furazlocillin each increased the rate of bacterial killing for three of five isolates as compared with gentamicin alone, whereas chloramphenicol significantly retarded the rate of bacterial killing for the same number of strains. Furazlocillin was completely inactivated after 24 h of incubation with each of five selected strains. The inactivation of moxalactam, cefoxitin, and cephalothin was 36, 56, and 72%, respectively. In all instances in which these four agents were inactivated to levels below the minimal bactericidal concentration, there was accelerated growth after initial inhibition. However, regrowth also occurred in three instances in which drug levels were higher than the minimal bactericidal concentration. Retesting after drug exposure revealed a 4- to 32-fold rise in the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration in two of these isolates. PMID- 7235677 TI - Effect of meningitis and probenecid on the penetration of vancomycin into cerebrospinal fluid in rabbits. AB - This study examined the effects of experimental pneumococcal meningitis and probenecid administration on the penetration of parenterally administered vancomycin into cerebrospinal fluid in rabbits. Bacterial killing was also examined in infected animals. Meningitis was induced by intracisternal inoculation of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Vancomycin was administered in a loading dose followed by a continuous intravenous infusion for 6 h. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h for antibiotic assays and quantitative cultures. Meningitis significantly enhanced the penetration of vancomycin into cerebrospinal fluid, but probenecid administration had no effect. In normal rabbits, at 6 h the mean percent penetration (cerebrospinal fluid concentration/serum concentration x 100%) +/- the standard deviation was 1.9 +/- 0.9% in the nonprobenecid group (n = 10) and 1.9 +/- 1.1% in the probenecid group (n = 9). In rabbits with experimental pneumococcal meningitis, the mean percent penetration at 6 h was 3.9 +/- 2.6% in the nonprobenecid group (n = 11) and 4.3 +/- 2.1% in the probenecid group (n = 9). Mean bacterial titers in the cerebrospinal fluid of infected animals decreased by more than 3.0 log 10 colony-forming units per ml in both the nonprobenecid and the probenecid groups. PMID- 7235678 TI - Two-hospital study of Staphylococcus aureus susceptibility to penicillin and ampicillin by Autobac I. AB - A total of 322 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were tested with ampicillin and penicillin G by Autobac I. Of these, 74 non-beta-lactamase producing strains were isolated, of which only 32 were initially reported susceptible to both antibiotics by Autobac I. Thirty-two strains were ampicillin susceptible but penicillin resistant by Autobac I, and nine others were "resistant" to both antibiotics but had light-scattering index values that neared the "susceptible" breakpoints established by Pfizer Diagnostics for ampicillin and penicillin. Two strains were intermediate by disk diffusion test. A method was devised by which accurate results for non-beta-lactamase-producing S. aureus could be determined by Autobac I. Substitution of the 0.22-microgram ampicillin disk for the 0.2-U penicillin disk, coupled with extended incubation beyond the 3 h recommended interval, improved results. Alternative methods such as beta lactamase enzyme assay or disk diffusion testing could be reserved for the occasional remaining cases of borderline light-scattering index-producing S. aureus (those nearing the susceptible break point, greater than or equal to 0.60). Substitution of the ampicillin disk coupled with extended incubation time did not result in reporting of false susceptibility for beta-lactamase-producing strains, a clinically hazardous situation. PMID- 7235679 TI - CI-867, a new semisynthetic penicillin: in vitro studies. AB - CI-867, a new semisynthetic penicillin, has exhibited broad-spectrum activity in vitro against gram-positive cocci, except penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and against gram-negative bacilli. It was especially active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and as active as mezlocillin and piperacillin against Klebsiella pneumoniae. CI-867 was bactericidal against most organisms. Its activity was greatly reduced when the inoculum was increased from 10(5) to 10(7) organisms per ml. PMID- 7235680 TI - Synergy of penicillin and decreasing concentration of aminoglycosides against enterococci from patients with infective endocarditis. AB - To determine whether low concentrations of aminoglycosides in combination with penicillin could effectively kill enterococci in vitro, we tested penicillin (20 micrograms/ml) in combination with decreasing concentrations of either streptomycin (20, 10, 5, and 1 micrograms/ml) or gentamicin (5, 3, 1, and 0.5 micrograms/ml) against 13 strains of streptomycin-susceptible and 7 strains of streptomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from patients with infective endocarditis. At 24 h, penicillin plus each increment in streptomycin concentration resulted in a statistically significant increase in killing of streptomycin-susceptible enterococci, compared with the next lower streptomycin concentration (P less than 0.01). At 24 h, against streptomycin-susceptible and streptomycin-resistant enterococci, there were no statistically significant differences in killing between combinations containing 5 micrograms of gentamicin per ml and those containing 3 micrograms/ml. Against streptomycin-susceptible enterococci, there were statistically significant differences in killing between combinations containing 3 micrograms of gentamicin per ml and those containing 1 micrograms/ml. Against streptomycin-resistant enterococci, statistically significant differences in killing were detected with combinations containing 5 micrograms of gentamicin per ml and those containing 1 microgram/ml. PMID- 7235681 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus to eight cephalosporins with special reference to species differentiation. AB - Agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that Campylobacter jejuni was significantly more resistant than Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (intestinalis) to cephalosporin C, cephaloridine, cephalothin, cefazolin, and cefamandole. No species differences in susceptibility were noted with cephalexin, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin. Rapid species differentiation on the basis of an antibiogram could be achieved with the disk diffusion method. C jejuni failed to produce a zone of inhibition around a 30-microgram cephalothin disk but produced a significant zone around a 30-microgram nalidixic acid disk. C. fetus subsp. fetus (intestinalis) produced exactly the reverse pattern. PMID- 7235683 TI - Corynebacterium equi: in vitro susceptibility to twenty-six antimicrobial agents. AB - The minimal concentrations of 26 antimicrobial agents required to inhibit growth of 100 isolates of Corynebacterium equi in vitro have been determined. The most active agents were penicillin G, doxycycline, erythromycin, lincomycin, and the aminoglycosides. PMID- 7235682 TI - Interaction of polyunsaturated fatty acids with animal cells and enveloped viruses. AB - Essential unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic, or arachidonic were incorporated into the phospholipids of animal cells and induced in them a change in the fluidity of their membranes. Exposure of enveloped viruses such as arbo-, myxo-, paramyxo-, or herpesviruses to micromolar concentrations of these fatty acids (which are not toxic to animal cells) caused rapid loss of infectivity of these viruses. Naked viruses such as encephalomyocarditis virus, polio virus or simian virus 40 were not affected by incubation with linoleic acid. The loss of infectivity was attributed to a disruption of the lipoprotein envelope of these virions, as observed in an electron microscope. PMID- 7235684 TI - In vitro activity of rosaramicin against Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - In vitro, rosaramicin was highly active against Chlamydia trachomatis when added to the culture system 1 or 48 h after inoculation with the chlamydia. PMID- 7235685 TI - Comparative nephrotoxicities of dibekacin, amikacin, and gentamicin in a rat model. AB - The nephrotoxicity of dibekacin was compared with those of gentamicin and amikacin in a rat model. The doses used were 3, 10, and 30 times the suggested human therapeutic dose on a weight basis. Indices of glomerular and tubular function failed to clearly differentiate the drugs. Dibekacin and gentamicin produced equally severe injury to the renal tissue. Slightly less damage occurred with amikacin. PMID- 7235686 TI - A method to determine protein of bacteria grown in agar. AB - A method is described to determine the amount of protein of bacteria grown in agar. Amino acid contents of hydrolysates of agar cultures are compared with the amino acids in hydrolysates of the same bacteria grown in a liquid medium. In the latter medium also the amount of bacterial protein is determined. From these data the protein content of bacteria grown in agar can be calculated. PMID- 7235687 TI - The identification of a self-inhibitor from Syncephalastrum racemosum and its effect upon sporangiospore germination. AB - High concentrations of Syncephalastrum racemosum spores germinated less readily than low concentrations. Extensive washing of spores alleviated this inhibition of germination. Analysis of the spore washings revealed the main constituent to be nonanoic acid. Exogenously added nonanoic acid was found to mimic the self inhibition, in that it delayed the time of germ tube emergence and increased the lag before spore swelling commenced. PMID- 7235688 TI - Sub-classification of phage types of Salmonella weltevreden and typing of strains by an extended phage typing scheme. AB - By the use of two adapted phage preparations of Typing phage II the S. weltevreden phage types 4 and 5 could be classified into two sub-types each and phage types 9 and 10 into three sub-types each. the 1094 strains of S. weltevreden could be classified into a total of sixteen phage types including the sub-types. The host range mutants of Typing phage II were distinct from the parent strain. After adaptation to two insensitive strains, one of the new preparations, phi IIA lost its affinity to some strains which were lysed by the parent phage strain but gained lytic affinity for a few others that were originally insensitive. The second preparation phi IIB showed an increase in lytic range as expected. Antigenically these preparations were shown to be related but not identical. The possible reasons for serological non-identity of host range mutants with the parent strain have been discussed. PMID- 7235689 TI - Salmonella, arizona, Shigella and Aeromonas isolated from the snail Achatina achatina in Nigeria. AB - The Salmonella, Arizona, Shigella and Aeromonas contents of 39 snails (Achatina achatina) were investigated. Serotyping of the Salmonella isolates revealed the presence of S. manhattan, S. ndolo, S. reading, S. uppsala, and S. typhimurium. Six of 18 Shigella isolates were identified as Sh. sonnei while all the Aeromonas proved to be A. hydrophila. Fifty eight percent of these A. hydrophila isolates were enterotoxigenic, and their toxin was shown to be heat labile. All the A. hydrophila strains were both protease positive and haemolytic: 66.7% being both alpha and beta haemolytic while 33.3% showed only alpha haemolysis. PMID- 7235690 TI - Growth conditions and heat resistance of Citrobacter freundii. AB - The influence of the growth medium and the growth temperature on the heat resistance of Citrobacter freundii has been established. Logarithmic growth phase cells grown on rich media have a higher heat resistance than cells of the same phase grown on minimal media. This finding was independent of type of carbon source in the growth medium, but the kind of carbon source has a definite influence on the heat resistance. Logarithmic phase cells grown at 37 degrees C are much more heat stable than cells grown at 20 or 41 degrees C. Stationary growth phase cells are much more heat resistance than logarithmic phase cells, whereas Mg2+ - or glucose-starved cells are even slightly more heat stable than stationary phase cells. PMID- 7235691 TI - A possible role of Eubacterium and Peptostreptococcus species in the aetiology of Crohn's disease. AB - The faecal flora of patients with Crohn's disease has been found to contain higher numbers of anaerobic gram-negative rods and gram-positive coccoid rods than the flora of healthy subjects. In a considerable percentage of sera from patients with Crohn's disease, agglutinating antibodies were found against four strains of the coccoid rods, in contrast to sera from patients with ulcerative colitis, other diseases and healthy subjects. In the present study, coccoid strains C18, Me46 and Me47 were found to activate complement by the alternative pathway. IgG antibodies to strains Me44, C18 and Me47 had opsonic properties but those to strain Me46 failed to induce phagocytosis. The data suggest an inadequate immune defence against strain Me46 in patients with Crohn's disease. The possible role of strain Me46 in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease is discussed. PMID- 7235692 TI - Heparinase production by Flavobacterium heparinum. AB - Heparinase production by Flavobacterium heparinum in complex protein digest medium, with heparin employed as the inducer, has been studied and improved. The maximum productivity of heparinase has been increased 156-fold over that achieved by previously published methods to 375 U/liter per h in the complex medium. Rapid deactivation of heparinase activity, both specific and total, was observed at the onset of the stationary phase. Nutritional studies on growth and heparinase production showed an obligate requirement for L-histidine and no vitamin requirement. L-Methionine partially relieved the L-histidine requirement. A defined medium containing glucose, ammonium sulfate, basal salts, L-methionine, and L-histidine was developed for growth and heparinase production. The growth rate in this medium was 0.21 h-1, which is 40%, higher than that in complex medium. The maximum volumetric productivity of heparinase in the defined medium was increased to 1,475 U/liter per h, providing a 640-fold increase over that achieved by previously published methods. No rapid deactivation was observed. An examination of alternate inducers for heparinase showed that heparin degradation products, hyaluronic acid, heparin monosulfate, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and maltose, induce heparinase in complex medium. An Azure A assay was modified and fully developed to measure the heparin concentration during fermentation and the heparinase specific activity of crude extracts of F. heparinum obtained from sonication, thus negating the need for further purification to measure activity." PMID- 7235693 TI - Superoxide dismutase activity in thermally stressed Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The effects of heat and NaCl on the activity of superoxide dismutase from Staphylococcus aureus were examined. A linear decrease in superoxide dismutase activity occurred when S. aureus MF-31 cells were thermally stressed for 90 min at 52% C in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). After 20 min of heating, only 5% of the superoxide dismutase activity was lost. Heating for 60, 90 and 120 min resulted in decreases of approximately 10, 22, and 68%, respectively. The rates of thermal inactivation of superoxide dismutase from S. aureus strains 196E and 210 were similar and slightly greater than those of strains MF-31, S-6, and 181. The addition of NaCl before or after heating resulted in increased losses of superoxide dismutase activity. PMID- 7235694 TI - Production and characterization of aflatoxin B2a antiserum. AB - The specificity and sensitivity of antiserum elicited from rabbits against aflatoxin B2a-bovine serum albumin conjugates were characterized with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Aflatoxin B1 was first converted to aflatoxin B2a and then conjugated to bovine serum albumin and horseradish peroxidase by a reductive alkylation method. The antiserum was developed in New Zealand white rabbits by multiple-site injection with the aflatoxin B2a-bovine serum albumin conjugate. Antibody titers were determined by both RIA and ELISA. Competitive RIAs with various aflatoxin analogs indicated that the antiserum was most reactive with aflatoxin B1 and slightly cross-reactive with aflatoxins B2a, B2, and M1. Competitive ELISAs showed the antiserum to be equally specific for aflatoxins B2a and B12 and less reactive with aflatoxins B2 and M1. The relative sensitivities of RIA and ELISA for aflatoxin B1 quantitation were 100 and 10 pg per assay, respectively. PMID- 7235695 TI - Effect of chlorine on Giardia lamblia cyst viability. AB - The effect of chlorine concentration on Giardia lamblia cyst viability was tested under a variety of conditions. The ability of Giardia cysts to undergo excystation was used as the criterion of viability. The experimental variables employed included temperature (25, 15, and 5 degrees C), pH (6, 7, and 8), chlorine-cyst contact time (10, 30, and 60 min), and chlorine concentration (1 to 8 mg/liter). In the pH range studied, cyst survival generally was observed to increase as buffer pH increased. Water temperature coupled with chlorination proved to be important in cyst survival. Results of these experiments at the three temperatures studied can be summarized as follows: at 25 degrees C, exposure to 1.5 mg/liter for 10 min killed all cysts at pH 6, 7, and 8. At 15 degrees C, 2.5 mg of chlorine per liter for 10 min killed all cysts at pH 6, but at pH 7 and 8 small numbers of cysts remained viable after 30 min but not after 60 min. At 5 degrees C, 1 mg of chlorine per liter for 60 min failed to kill all the cysts at any pH tested. At this temperature, 2 mg of chlorine per liter killed all cysts after 60 min at pH 6 and 7, but not at pH 8. A chlorine concentration of 4 mg/liter killed all the cysts at all three pH values after 60 min, but not after 30 min. A chlorine concentration of 8 mg/liter killed all Giardia cysts at pH 6 and 7 after contact for 10 min, and at pH 8 after 30 min. This study points up the role of temperature, pH, and chlorine demand in the halogen treatment of drinking water to destroy cysts. It also raises an epidemiological problem, namely: low water temperatures, where killing of Giardia requires relatively high chlorine concentrations and long contact times, are (i) to be expected in many areas where epidemic waterborne giardiasis has been reported and (ii) particularly conducive to the long-term survival of Giardia cysts. PMID- 7235696 TI - Influence of white light on production of aflatoxins and anthraquinones in Aspergillus parasiticus. AB - The effect of continuous light and continuous darkness on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and on the production of aflatoxin, averufin, versicolorin A, and versicolorin C by Aspergillus parasiticus were determined at six different temperatures with six replicates for each experiment. No growth was observed at 15 degrees C in the light, although slight growth was observed at this temperature in the dark. No aflatoxins or anthraquinones were produced in the light or dark at 35 and 40 degrees C, although growth was good at these temperatures. Differences in aflatoxins and anthraquinones for cultures grown in light and in dark were consistent at each temperature. Higher mean quantities of these secondary metabolites were produced in the light at 20 and 25 degrees C; lower mean quantities were produced in the light at 30 degrees C. The ranges of values overlapped considerably, but in all cases the differences between temperatures were significant. PMID- 7235697 TI - Method for measuring dissolved hydrogen in anaerobic ecosystems: application to the rumen. AB - A method of transferring dissolved H2 to a CO2 headspace and then absorbing out the CO2 to concentrate the H2 before gas chromatographic analysis was developed to measure low concentrations of dissolved H2. A detection limit of 10 pmol of H2 ml-1 of water was achieved. When used ot monitor H2 changes in a bovine rumen, a 10-fold increase in H2 was noted 1 h after feeding and then declined rapidly to the normal steady-state concentration of 1 microM. PMID- 7235698 TI - Sensitivity to avian purified protein derivative in cattle from farms having a high prevalence of swine mycobacteriosis. AB - On two farms in North Georgia a large percentage of the swine was infected with organisms of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex. The hypothesis that the cattle on these farms, which are maintained separately from the swine, would not be sensitive to avian purified protein derivative was rejected. It was concluded that the source of the M. avium-intracellulare scrofulaceum complex of each animal population is environmental. PMID- 7235699 TI - Occurrence of Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 in Maryland and Louisiana estuaries. AB - Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 has been isolated from Chesapeake Bay in Maryland and estuaries and sewers in Louisiana. The occurrence of V. cholerae O1 in the aquatic environment in the absence of human disease suggests that this organism survives and multiples in the natural environment. PMID- 7235700 TI - Isolation of Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 from the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. AB - Two strains of Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 Inaba were isolated from eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, collected from estuarine waters in Florida during April 1980. The oyster meats and waters from which the oysters were collected had low fecal coliform counts, and the area had no prior evidence of sewage contamination. PMID- 7235701 TI - Immunosuppression by ochratoxin A and its prevention by phenylalanine. AB - Ochratoxin A, a toxin of Aspergillus ochraceus, suppresses the immune response to sheep erythrocytes in BALB/c mice at doses as low as 0.005 microgram/kg of body weight. This effect is prevented by phenylalanine. PMID- 7235702 TI - Biosynthesis of radiolabeled T-2 toxin by Fusarium tricinctum. AB - Incubation of Fusarium tricinctum NRRL 3299 on a solid rice medium in the presence of [1-14C]sodium acetate, [2-3H]mevalonic acid, [2-14C]mevalonic acid, or [5-3H]mevalonic acid yielded preparations of radiolabeled T-2 toxin with specific activities of 1.008, 1.64, 0.656, and 7.35 muCi/mmol, respectively. PMID- 7235703 TI - Effect of temperature on growth and activity of Aeromonas spp. and mixed bacterial populations in the Anacostia River. AB - During the winter months, total bacterial counts in the water column and in the sediment in the Anacostia River were two- to eightfold higher than at other times of the year, whereas Aeromonas spp. decreased in number of several orders of magnitude. This significant decrease in number in the Anacostia River during the cold months of the year can be explained by the low metabolic activity of Aeromonas at low temperatures. PMID- 7235704 TI - Utilization of xylan by two species of human colonic Bacteroides. AB - During growth of two strains of human colonic Bacteroides on xylan, several oligomers, the smallest of which was xylobiose, were released into the medium. PMID- 7235705 TI - T1 bacteriophage as an indicator for decontamination of laminar-flow biological safety cabinets. AB - Type 1 coliphage dried onto a glass surface was used as an indicator to monitor decontamination of biological safety cabinets. When desiccated virus was treated with formaldehyde vapor (5,000 or 10,000 ppm) adjusted to 70 to 90% relative humidity immediately before testing, viral inactivation was slow for the first 50 min but then accelerated, being complete in the next 10 min. However, when virus was incubated in an atmosphere containing 70% humidity for 1 h before formaldehyde was added, inactivation was complete within 3 min, indicating that careful attention must be paid to relative humidity in decontamination of safety cabinets. PMID- 7235706 TI - Identification, distribution, and toxigenicity of obligate anaerobes in polluted waters. AB - A seasonal occurrence of obligately anaerobic bacteria, predominantly of the genera Bacteroides and Clostridium, in a polluted water site has been observed. The number of anaerobes varied from 1.8 X 10(3) cells/ml in the warmer months to 10 cells/ml in winter. Several isolates were toxigenic, indicating a potential human health hazard. PMID- 7235707 TI - Thermal inactivation of infectious hematopoietic necrosis and infectious pancreatic necrosis viruses. AB - A plaque assay was used to follow the inactivation kinetics of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in cell culture media at various temperatures. Inactivation of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in a visceral organ slurry was compared with that in culture media. PMID- 7235708 TI - Incidence of lysogeny, colicinogeny, and drug resistance in enterobacteria isolated from sewage and from rectum of humans and some domesticated species. AB - Enterobacteria were isolated by streaking swabs of sewage and rectal swabs from human volunteers from domesticated animals. Thirty strains of human origin were identified as Escherichia coli. Out of 1,367 rectal isolates of animal origin, 21% were lysogenic (phi+), 29% were colicinogenic (col+), and 7% were col+ phi+. Out of 85 rectal samples more than 60% harbored variable numbers of col+ or phi+ bacteria. Lysogens harboring homoimmune prophages were detectable in six out of eight human subjects in sequential samples taken at weekly intervals. Chickens in Hong Kong are fed on antibiotic-containing feeds; the avian isolates contained the highest frequency (98%) of drug-resistant bacteria, whereas only 39% of the bovine and 61% of the human isolates were drug resistant. Transmissible drug resistance was demonstrable in sewage isolates and those from animal sources; the highest frequency (58%) of resistance donors was shown by the avian isolates, and the lowest (9%) was shown by the bovine isolates. Unselected marker analysis has shown that a vast majority of multiply resistant donors of diverse origins are able to transmit multiple resistance. PMID- 7235709 TI - Distribution of ribonucleic acid coliphages in Korea. AB - To determine the geographical distribution of ribonucleic acid (RNA) coliphages in Korea, we collected sewage samples from domestic drainage in densely populated urban areas in July through August, 1979. Of 132 samples, 74 (56%) contained RNA phages (106 strains). They were classified into groups I, II and III (4:47:55) by serological analysis. Based on previous data for Japan (groups II and III [3:11]) and Southeast Asia (mostly group III), the distribution pattern of RNA phages in Korea was of an intermediate type between those of Japan and Southeast Asia. PMID- 7235710 TI - Recovery of parasitic nematodes from fish by digestion or elution. AB - Two methods, digestion and elution, were used to recover parasitic nematodes from 470 flatfish belonging to species in the family Pleuronectidae. Samples of similar fish were collected from market lots; half of each sample was subjected to digestion, and half was subjected to elution (sedimentation). The edible (flesh) and the inedible (viscera) portions of each fish were analyzed separately. The total number of nematodes recovered by digestion was 1,110, which was not significantly greater than the 922 nematodes recovered by elution. However, digestion recovered 1,062 nematodes of the anisakine genera Anisakis and Phocanema, which are potentially pathogenic for human consumers of raw of semiraw fish. This number is significantly greater than the 608 pathogenic nematodes recovered by elution. Digestion also recovered 242 more nematodes from the edible flesh than did elution. Conversely, more nonpathogenic nematodes were recovered by elution. Approximately half the fish (240) had been collected in Boston markets, and the other half (230) had been collected in San Francisco markets. Fish from San Francisco each contained an average of eight nematodes, and those from Boston contained an average of less than one nematode per fish. PMID- 7235712 TI - [Anthropometric analysis of Belgian military recruits; draft year 1979]. PMID- 7235711 TI - Characterization of the cecal bacteria of normal pigs. AB - One hundred ninety-two isolates from cecal contents of three normal weaned pigs were obtained by means of anaerobic roll tube methods and were characterized. Seventy-eight percent of the isolates were gram-negative. The most numerous species isolated from each of the pigs was Bacteroides ruminicola. This species accounted for 35% of the isolates that were characterized, and Selenomonas ruminantium accounted for 21% of the isolates. Other gram-negative bacteria isolated from all three pigs were Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (6.0%) and Bacteroides uniformis (3.0%); predominant gram-positive isolates were Lactobacillus acidophilus (7.6%), Peptostreptococcus productus (3.0%), and Eubacterium aerofaciens (2.5%). The other 42 isolates were placed in 14 other species, and 5 additional isolates that did not fit well into existing species were not placed taxonomically. Fifteen of the isolates (representing nine species) produced urease. PMID- 7235713 TI - [Number of cases of respiratory tract tuberculosis diagnosed by physicians in their private practice in Walloon Brabant; in the years 1977 and 1978]. PMID- 7235714 TI - [Survey for the presence of Salmonella in the inside waterways of the city of Ghent]. PMID- 7235715 TI - The role of glutathione in rat adipocyte pentose phosphate cycle activity. PMID- 7235716 TI - Membrane effects of retinoids: possible correlation with toxicity. PMID- 7235717 TI - Net uptake of adenine nucleotides by newborn rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7235718 TI - Irreversible inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase by nucleoside analogs. PMID- 7235719 TI - Cysteine in the manganous-isocitrate binding site of pig heart TPN-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase. II. Identification of a critical cysteine-containing tryptic peptide derived from the thiocyano enzyme. PMID- 7235720 TI - Structural features required for inhibition of cyanide-insensitive electron transfer by propyl gallate. PMID- 7235721 TI - Stereochemical course of the methylation of the polygalacturonic acid carboxyl groups of pectin. PMID- 7235722 TI - The relationship between molecular weight and quaternary structure of globular proteins. PMID- 7235723 TI - Helical conformation of myoglobin and its cyanogen bromide-treated fragments in sodium dodecyl sulfate solution. PMID- 7235724 TI - Cysteine in the manganous-isocitrate binding site of pig heart TPN-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase. I. Kinetics of chemical modification and properties of thiocyano enzyme. PMID- 7235725 TI - [Cinematographic and morphometric analysis of in vitro behavior of blastocysts of the mouse]. AB - The behaviour of the mouse blastocyst in vitro was studied by time-lapse cinematography and analysed by morphometry. Three types of behaviour were observed: discontinuous expansion interrupted by rapid contractions and followed or not by hatching; practically continuous expansion followed by hatching. This demonstrates that the pulsatile activity of the blastocyst is not a necessary condition of hatching. Analysis of the rate and delay of hatching in vitro as compared to the conditions in utero is in favour of the existence of a uterine factor insuring partial lysis of the zona pellucida and helping the mechanical action of the blastocyst. Hatching by herniation through a reduced opening of the zona was occasionally observed. The process of in vitro implantation could be followed by cinematography. PMID- 7235726 TI - [Research on the structure of the nervous system and its experimental modifications published in the Archives de Biologie from 1880 to 1900 critical analysis]. PMID- 7235727 TI - [Relevance of scanning electron microscopy and x-ray fluorescence in biology and ultrastructural cellular pharmacology]. PMID- 7235728 TI - [Hypothesis on the evolution of species in connection with their cellular DNA content]. PMID- 7235729 TI - Formation of the early vascular network in chick embryo: microscopical aspects. PMID- 7235730 TI - Mechanical properties and Young's modulus of human skin in vivo. AB - The mechanical properties of the in vivo dermis were measured by means of a torque applied to the skin. The resulting deformation of 2-6 degrees, including the immediate and delayed visco-elastic components, as well as the relaxation were measured, and the raw values corrected for a constant skin thickness. The experiment performed on 138 individuals from 3 to 89 years old revealed a diminished elasticity and stretchability after the age of 30, associated with an increase in the visco-elastic component. The Young's modulus doubles with age. The results are discussed in terms of the various models proposed to explain dermal structure. PMID- 7235732 TI - [Living Sezary cells in vitro: formation of autologous rosettes (author's transl)]. AB - Living Sezary cells are more clearly discernible in supravital preparations using a phase contrast microscope than in stained blood smears. Especially, the small variant of the Sezary cell can easily be identified by this simple technique. Lymphoblasts are unequivocally discernible from monocytes, since functional criteria of the living cells can be evaluated in supravital preparations in addition to morphological characteristics. Using this technique a remarkable phenomenon was seen in living Sezary cells: interactions between autologous erythrocytes and the atypical lymphocytes created autologous rosettes. The binding of erythrocytes with a typical lymphocytes was so stable that even with good motility of the Sezary cells the erythrocytes adhered to the surface of the lymphocytes. The ability of living Sezary cells to build rosettes with autologous erythrocytes in vitro is taken as an indication that living Sezary cells have membrane markers of thymocytes. PMID- 7235731 TI - Measurement of lymphocyte activation by a chromatin topo-optical reaction. Mechanism and specificity of the test. AB - A rapid inexpensive method is presented for detecting peripheral blood lymphocyte chromatin activation by the neutral red "topo-optical" reaction, which causes strong and easily measurable birefringence in the lymphocyte nuclei. This reaction can be enhanced by fixing the cells with 150 mM/l NaCl in 70% ethanol and/or by treating the unfixed cellular suspensions with 0.2 M/l HCl to remove histones. In histone-removed preparations, 30 min DNase I treatment almost completely abolished the birefringent reaction, whereas RNase treatment resulted in only 18% loss. Chromatin activation induced by enzyme inhibition increased chromatin birefringence significantly. The same phenomenon could be induced in sensitive subjects' lymphocytes by specific antigens or haptens much more rapidly. The monocytes were not activated to a significant extent. In non sensitive subjects different kinetics of antigen or hapten-dependent activation and no cytotoxic effects have been observed. Depletion of T-lymphocytes in vivo in SLE patients or by in vitro treatment with 0.5 mM/l KCN as well as with 0.02% trypsin has caused a significant drop in the mean chromatin birefringence. The effect of trypsin was reversible. PMID- 7235733 TI - Inhibition of PMN leukocytes chemotaxis by thalidomide. AB - The effects of thalidomide on chemotaxis of normal human peripheral blood PMN leukocytes have been studied in vitro. The chemotaxis factor was generated by interacting normal human serum with bovine gamma globulin-antibovine-gamma globulin immune complexes. At concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 microgram/ml, thalidomide failed to inhibit the chemotactic factor. At the same concentrations, erythromycin caused a marked inhibition of chemotaxis. Pre-incubation of PMNs with thalidomide or erythromycin caused a marked, dose-independent inhibition of chemotaxis. Random mobility did not appear to be affected. Inhibition of PMN chemotactic ability by thalidomide may account for its ability to improve inflammatory dermatoses, such as aphthosis. PMID- 7235734 TI - Inhibition of testosterone metabolism and lipogenesis in animal sebaceous glands by progesterone. AB - The effect of progesterone on 14C-testosterone metabolism and on 14C-lipid synthesis was studied in two animal sebaceous gland models, hamster flank organ and rat ear skin. Unilateral topical application of progesterone to the female hamster flank organ topically treated with testosterone propionate resulted in localized inhibition of both in vitro 14C-lipogenesis and in vitro conversion of 14C-testosterone to 5 alpha-reduced radio-metabolites. Topical progesterone did not inhibit in vitro 14C-lipogenesis in the male hamster flank organ. Progesterone added in vitro inhibited 14-C-lipogenesis and 14C-testosterone metabolism in male rat ear sebaceous glands. These results lend support to the hypothesis that inhibition of sebaceous gland lipogenesis by progesterone is a consequence of its inhibitory effect on testosterone metabolism. Such a rationale provides a valid explanation for the clinical findings with progesterone reported by other investigators. PMID- 7235735 TI - [Amino acid losses in human sweat. Influence of oral contraceptives, physical exercise and sex on the excretion of amino acids in sweat (author's transl)]. AB - With the aid of ion exchange column chromatography we determined quantitatively the free amino acids in thermal sweat of the total human body surface. Sweat of 60 healthy men and 63 healthy women (aged 18-31 years) collected during 12 min of sauna bathing was investigated. Thirty men and 31 women were well trained, 33 women were taking oral, hormonal contraceptives. Sweat was deproteinised by adding an equal volume of 5% sulphosalicylic acid. RESULTS: 1. The comparison of the women taking oral contraceptives with the women not taking oral contraceptives showed no qualitative or significant quantitative differences in the excretion of amino acids in thermal sweat collected from the total body surface. 2. The comparison of the trained women with the untrained women neither revealed qualitative or significant quantitative differences in the excretion of amino acids in thermal sweat collected from the total body surface. 3. As compared to the trained men, untrained men excreted in thermal sweat collected from the total body surface significantly more alanine, arginine, citrulline, cystine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine. 4. The sex-specific comparison of the amino acid excretion in sweat showed that men had a significantly increased excretion of cystine, histidine, leucine, and taurine. Proline was detected only in the sweat of women. 5. The quantitative results obtained for the amino acid excretions during 12 min of sauna bathing suggest that persons exposed to hard, physical activity and/or high environmental temperatures have quite equal amino acid losses in sweat and in 24 h urine. PMID- 7235736 TI - Pigmented xerodermoid and XP-variants. PMID- 7235738 TI - Inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity after combined action of chlordimeform with the antidepressant nialamide. AB - The 40-day oral administration of 5, 10, and 50 mg/kg chlordimeform to male rats moderately decreased monoamine oxidase activity (MAO) in the brain, liver, and serum, determined with the substrates kynuramine, tyramine, tryptamine, serotonin, dopamine, and benzylamine. The enzyme was inhibited predominantly in the liver. The study of MAO inhibition after 10 days application of 2, 6, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg nialamide revealed that 2 mg/kg had a threshold effect. A dose of 6 mg/kg resulted in a pronounced decrease in the enzyme activity. Experiments with a 30-day application of 5, 10 and 50 mg/kg chlordimeform were made, followed by treatment with 6 mg/kg nialamide in combination for another 10 days. The statistical evaluation by the Student's t-test demonstrated increased MAO inhibitory action. Dose-effect relationship was established with kynuramine in liver, brain, and serum, and with benzylamine in liver. PMID- 7235737 TI - [Influence of oral retinoid on the cell kinetic of normal human epidermis (author's transl)]. AB - In 21 healthy volunteers (18-48 years old) autoradiographic studies were performed before, 3 and 7 days after oral administration of aromatic retinoid Ro 10-9359 (75 mg/d) and after oral intake of placebo. After retinoid the 3H thymidine labelling index was significantly increased, whereas the DNA synthesis time and the cell cycle time were decreased. After placebo no change in epidermal cell kinetic parameters were registered. These findings indicate that therapeutic doses of oral aromatic retinoid clearly stimulate epidermal cell proliferation in normal human epidermis. PMID- 7235739 TI - Transport of dieldrin between air and water. AB - The transfer rate of dieldrin from water to air has been measured in a wind tunnel yielding transfer velocities in the range 2.6 x 10(-5) to 1.5 x 10(-4) cm s-1. The transfer rate from air to water was measured with a wetted-wall column and gave transfer velocities in the range 9 x 10(-3) to 5 x 10(-2) cm s-1. An analysis of the data showed that processes in the liquid phase offered no larger resistance to the transfer of dieldrin between air and water than processes in the gas phase. The results are considered in relation to the transfer of dieldrin between the atmosphere and the ocean surface layer. PMID- 7235740 TI - A case-control study of persons with elevated blood levels of dieldrin. AB - Twenty-seven pesticide workers with elevated blood levels of dieldrin (greater than or equal to 15 ppb) were involved in a case-control study which included history and physical examination, comprehensive neurological evaluation, laboratory tests, and psychological and psychomotor testing. No clinically important differences were found on history, physical, specialized neurological tests, or laboratory examination. The exposed group showed a statistically significant difference in five out of 58 psychological (P) and psychomotor (PM) tests--at least three would be expected by chance (p less than or equal to .05). In only one of these tests was there any significant correlation with dieldrin levels. Even though the exposed group had worse scores than the control group in 47 of 58 P--PM tests, such scores were, with a few exceptions, in the normal range of values. Elevated blood levels of dieldrin encountered in this study do not appear to have any chronic deleterious effects on health, as measured by conventional medical work-up and extensive central nervous system testing. PMID- 7235741 TI - Asbestos fibers in normal and cancerous human kidneys. AB - Exposure of general population of ubiquitously present asbestos has led investigators to monitor its health effects. This pilot study was undertaken to see if there was an association between kidney cancer and fiber concentration in the kidney. Results of transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis for asbestos fibers in normal and cancerous human kidney tissues collected from three Chicago hospitals are presented. Chrysotile fibers were recovered from autopsy or surgery tissues of normal and cancerous kidneys. The study did not indicate a definite association between carcinoma and fiber load of kidney of humans exposed to nonoccupational asbestos. PMID- 7235742 TI - Penetration and fate of methomyl and its oxime metabolite in insects and twospotted spider mites. AB - The penetration and fate of methomyl and its oxime metabolite, methomyl oxime or S-methyl N-hydroxythioacetimidate, were examined in house flies (Musca domestica Linnaeus), face flies (Musca autumnalis De Geer), black cutworm larvae (Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), and twospotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Generally, penetration and metabolism of methomyl-1-14C were rapid in insects and spider mites although differences in rates among the different test organisms were observed. Metabolites from methomyl included CO2, methomyl oxime, and several unknowns. Penetration and metabolism of methomyl oxime-1-14C also were rapid in insects. Metabolites from methomyl oxime included a small amount of CO2 and several unidentified compounds. Organosoluble metabolites from methomyl oxime generally displayed similar chromatographic behavior as those from methomyl. Methomyl was hydrolyzed to its oxime metabolite, which, apparently, was further metabolized to 14CO2 presumably via a Beckmann rearrangement reaction. PMID- 7235743 TI - Stress and growth response of juvenile crayfish to rhythmic and arrhythmic temperature fluctuations. AB - Growth, molting, and survival of juvenile crayfish, Procambarus a. acutus, were recorded under constant and variable temperature regimes. Crayfish, were exposed to four rhythmic regimes: Constants temperatures of 10, 17.5, and 25 degree C, and a daily square-wave cyclic regime of 10 to 25 degree C (mean = 17.5 degree C); and to one arrhythmic temperature regime: A daily square-wave acrylic regime varying within 10 to 25 degree C limits (mean = 17.8 degree C). The direction and magnitude of temperature changes in the acyclic variable temperature chamber were selected randomly to make temperature changes unpredictable within the specified range. Rhythmic and arrhythmic temperature regimes had different effects on growth, molting, and survival of crayfish. Growth under both variable regimes was similar to growth at a constant temperature (17.5 degree C) equal to the mean of the variable regimes. Molt frequency was directly related to temperature. Growth rates approximately paralleled changes in the adjusted molt rate for each regime. Mortality under variable regimes approximated mortality at a constant temperature (25 degree C) equal to the upper extreme of the variable regimes. The cyclic regime tended to be less optimal for growth and survival than the acyclic regime, possibly because of differences in average daily temperature fluctuations and relative time spent at temperature extremes. PMID- 7235744 TI - Uptake and depuration of petroleum hydrocarbons by crayfish. AB - No differences were noted in the amount of naphthalene uptake (approximately 125 micrograms) by individual crayfish exposed for 1, 2, or 4 hr at 25 degree C in open, non-aerated glass jars containing 14C-naphthalene-5% of a water-soluble fraction (WSF) of No. 2 fuel oil. The cephalothorax, containing the hepatopancreas (a food absorption organ), showed greater uptake of naphthalene than the tail flesh or tail skeleton of individual crayfish exposed to the oil for 3 hr at 25 degree C. Crayfish exposed to the oil for 1, 2, or 4 hr and then placed in open, non-aerated containers of oil-free water lost most of the carbon 14 activity during the first 24 hr, with smaller losses occurring at 24 hr intervals up to and including 96 hr. Carbon-14 naphthalene in a 5% WSF of No. 2 fuel oil held in 12 open, non-aerated, oil-free, glass jars for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hr at 25 degree C showed little volatilization (P greater than 0.4). PMID- 7235746 TI - Stressed bioassay systems for rapid screening of pesticide residues. Part I: Evaluation of bioassay systems. PMID- 7235745 TI - Effects of copper on the sabellid polychaete, Eudistylia vancouveri. II. Copper accumulation and tissue injury in the branchial crown. AB - Copper in seawater caused injury to the radioles (gills) of the sabellid polychaete, Eudistylia vancouveri. Light and electron microscopy showed the loss of cellular adhesion and the structural derangement that lead to cell necrosis and death. The progression of injury was related to the uptake of copper into the tissues. Copper was found by X-ray microanalysis to be localized subcellularly in membrane-bound vesicles that are similar to lysosomes. Cell breakdown may result from lysosomal labilization. PMID- 7235747 TI - [Multiple myeloma revealed by an amyloid arthropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235748 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the thymus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235749 TI - [Peliosis hepatis localized after epigastric irradiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235750 TI - [Local and regional extension of breast carcinoma: report of one hundred and sixty-two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235751 TI - [Acquired renal cystic disease in patient on long-term hemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235752 TI - [Oncocytoma with neuro-secretory granules of nasal mucous membrane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235753 TI - [Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney in child. Two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235754 TI - Cytologic diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in bronchial washing material. PMID- 7235755 TI - [Anatomo-pathologic aspects of gold-salt induced cholestasis. Report of two cases with ultrastructural study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235756 TI - [Liver histopathology and granuloma ultrastructure in experimental Schistosoma mansoni infection in the albino rat]. PMID- 7235757 TI - [Description of a new organ, probably with respiratory function, in pupae of Simulium in the Afrotropical region]. PMID- 7235758 TI - Study of unclassified dapsone sensitive mycobacteria isolated from the environment in Zaire. PMID- 7235759 TI - [Normal complement levels in a population of Kinshasa, Zaire. Influence of sex, age and period of collection of sera]. PMID- 7235760 TI - Sampling procedures in estrogen receptor determinations. AB - To determine the significance of proteolysis and delayed freezing of tumor samples on estrogen receptor levels, values from 19 of 31 biopsy specimens were compared with that in remaining tumor at the completion of mastectomy. There was a 15-100% decrease in receptor content. Time-decay studies on selected postmastectomy samples showed a further decrease in estrogen receptor content inversely proportional to the time it was exposed to room temperature. Factors that govern the valid measurement of receptor levels include tumor cell concentration, tumor necrosis, and time between devascularization of the specimen to freezing. A carefully procured histologically confirmed sample of fresh tumor is necessary for reliable estrogen receptor values. PMID- 7235761 TI - Repair of postirradiation damage to colorectum: a progress report. AB - The results of 21 operations for repair of rectovaginal fistula and/or stricture secondary to irradiation for pelvic cancer are presented. The operations rely on the use of proximal nonirradiated colon with normal blood supply for effecting the repair. In patients having had a previous colostomy, it is possible to use the proximal end of the bypassed colon for this purpose. There is minimal dissection of the rectal ampulla and the presacral space is never entered. Continuity is established by anastomosis to the anterior rectal wall via an abdominal approach alone, or by a combined abdominovaginal or abdominoperineal approach. It has been found that nonirradiated colon of normal vascularity can be expected to heal to irradiated colon or rectum, thus making the extensive resections associated with correction of these abnormalities unnecessary. The functional result in 18 of 19 patients who underwent this procedure was satisfactory to excellent. One patient had a poor result because of partial rectal incontinence. Two operations out of the 21 were total failures and one of these patients died of complications secondary to irradiation damage to the small intestine. One patient has not yet had final colostomy closure. The results are considered promising enough to warrant continued trial. PMID- 7235762 TI - Immunologic responsiveness of patients with cancer: relationship to tumor type, stage and prognosis. AB - Data on cellular immunity of 39 patients with breast cancer and 29 patients with malignant melanoma, is presented. T/B lymphocyte ratios, lymphocyte blastogenesis (LB) with PHA and with cancer antigen preparations were carried out from two to four weeks after cancer surgery, and immediately after eight weeks of immunostimulation with a tumor-specific vaccine. Distinct differences were observed. Small breast cancers do not seem to evoke a host immune response, while small melanomas are associated with a state of immune stimulation. After immunotherapy LB in these breast cancer patients shows significant stimulation while LB in the melanoma patients changed from stimulation to normal response. Quite different results were obtained in patients with Stage II cancers; breast cancer patients showed immune stimulation which did not change after immunotherapy. The melanoma patients showed low normal immune response, which changed to high normal after immunotherapy. Patients with Stage III breast cancer and melanoma were similar in their poor immune responsiveness. Possible mechanisms are offered for these differences. PMID- 7235763 TI - The effect of occlusive dressings on the energy metabolism of severely burned children. AB - Metabolic studies were performed on 23 burned children. They were studied sequentially until their burn wounds were healed. A metabolic study lasted 20 minutes, during which continuous measurements were made of O2 consumption and CO2 production rates, rectal temperature, average surface temperatures (dressings, skin and wound), body heat content, and rate of body weight loss using a bed scale. These measurements allowed solution of the heat balance equation for each study period. After 24 hours in a constant temperature room kept at 28 C and 40% relative humidity, metabolic studies were initiated when blood was drawn for catecholamine assay, followed by a metabolic analysis, after which dressings were removed and fresh silvadene applied to the wounds. No dressings were applied. Metabolic analyses were repeated after two and four hours of exposure, after which blood for catecholamine analysis was drawn and the study terminated. Without dressings in a thermally neutral environment, burn patients demonstrated an increased rate of heat loss of 27 watts/square meter body surface area (W/M2), compared with the predicted normal. The major portion of this increment is by evaporation, which increased 300%. The rate of heat production equals heat loss, and is increased 50% above the predicted normal. Occlusive dressings result in a 15 W/M2 decrease in the rate of heat loss, about evenly divided between evaporative and dry routes, with a corresponding 15 W/M2 decrease in the rate of heat production. Plasma catecholamine levels of bandaged burn patients are not significantly different from values for healed burn patients, and do not correlate with the rate of heat production. The increased heat production of burn patients is a response to an increased rate of heat loss, not vice versa. The use of occlusive dressings substantially reduces the energy requirements to manageable levels, even in patients with very large burns. PMID- 7235764 TI - Pharmacologic control of surface scarring in human beings. AB - A hypothetical basis for control of surface scar in human beings is: lathyrism produces poorly cross-linked collagen in healing wounds; poorly corss-linked collagen is more susceptible to digestion by tissue collagenase than is normally cross-linked collagen; and colchicine stimulates tissue collagenase activity. Therefore, treatment of patients with abnormal deposits of surface scar by excising the scar, inducing lathyrism, and administering colchicine should tend to correct abnormal balance between collagen synthesis and collagenolysis and result in a small scar with improved physical properties. Ten patients with massive keloids, resistant to conventional therapy by excision, grafting, and/or intralesional injection of steroids, have been treated by excising the keloid, grafting the defect, inducing lathyrism with Beta aminopropionitrile fumurate or penicillamine and administering colchicine. Patients were followed for 18 months to five years. No toxicity or untoward side effects from therapy were observed. No patients developed recurrent keloids while undergoing treatment. All patients showed some change in the amount of scar which persisted during the period of study. This data supports the hypothesis that lathyrism and colchicine therapy exert a measurable beneficial effect on surface scar in human beings. PMID- 7235765 TI - A new concept in the management of Marjolin's ulcers. AB - Marjolin's ulcers have a grave prognosis, especially when regional nodes are involved. Recent studies suggest such cancers are in an immunologically privileges sites due to the dense scar tissue. The prognosis has been shown to be much worse for tumors not having a round cell infiltrate prior to surgery, as in Marjolin's ulcers. The use of topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induces a round cell infiltrate. Three case reports of large Marjolin's ulcers are presented which were first treated with topical 5-FU. Radical ablative surgery was avoided in these patients with a successful outcome. PMID- 7235766 TI - The injured colon: relationships of management to complications. AB - One hundred thirty-seven patients who sustained intraperitoneal colon wounds were admitted to the University of Louisville Hospital during the three-year period ending December 31, 1979. One hundred twenty penetrating wounds and 17 blunt injuries were treated. An intraoperative classification system was employed, in which Grade 1 injuries were characterized by minimal contamination, the absence of associated organ injuries, minimal shock, and no significant delay between injury and definitive operation. All of these were managed by single-layer closure. More severe wounds were treated by colostomy or exteriorization. The overwhelming majority of the patients (116) sustained Grade 2 injuries. Twenty two patients (16%) died. Nine deaths (6% of the patients) were directly attributable to the colon wounds. Twenty-five Grade 1 injuries were treated by primary suture closure with a single complication (3% of the patients). Nine wounds were exteriorized for later reinsertion into the peritoneal cavity, but only two patients were spared colostomy by this method. Right colon injuries were, clearly, more severe than left or sigmoid colon wounds. Intraoperative classification allowed selection of a group of patients in whom suture repair was safe. Colostomy was associated with the lowest complication rate for Grade 2 and 3 wounds. PMID- 7235767 TI - Idiopathic duodenal obstruction: an unappreciated complication of pancreatitis. AB - Intestinal obstruction as a complication of pancreatitis is infrequently recognized. Only four cases of idiopathic duodenal obstruction associated with pancreatitis have been previously reported. In a three-year study of 878 patients with pancreatitis, nine cases of idiopathic duodenal obstruction associated with pancreatitis have been found. Each of the nine cases was characterized by frank obstruction in the second or third portions of the duodenum and an intact mucosa in the area of stricture. Four patients gave an abrupt history of moderately severe pancreatitis. Resolution of the duodenal obstruction occurred by three weeks in each of these four cases. Surgical exploration in one of these patients revealed marked duodenal edema with intramural hematoma. The remaining five patients reported a chronic history of obstruction. Inadequate resolution of the obstruction after four weeks of hyperalimentation led to surgical bypass. Duodenal biopsy specimens revealed inflammation, muscle destruction, and extensive fibrosis. Duodenal involvement in the inflammatory process of moderately severe pancreatitis was discovered in 25% of the upper gastrointestinal studies, but was usually self-limiting and of a mild degree. Since contiguous duodenal edema is common and fibrosing pancreatoduodenitis only occurs in an occasional patient, surgical intervention for duodenal obstruction associated with pancreatitis should only be considered after demonstrated failure of conservative management. PMID- 7235768 TI - Effect of bile induced pancreatitis on tobramycin excretion in pancreatic fluid. AB - The objective of this study has been to lay the groundwork for a re-evaluation of the place of antibiotics in acute pancreatitis. This section has been devoted to determining if antibiotics excreted by the normal pancreas are excreted similarly in acute pancreatitis. Ten mongrel dogs were studied, each acting as its own control. Day 1: Operation--construction of pancreatic fistula. Day 2: Study of antibiotic excretion. Day 14: Operation--induction of acute focal pancreatitis. Day 15: Study of antibiotic excretion. Antibiotic concentrations in pancreatic fluid were studied by injecting tobramycin intravenously (5 mg/kg). Serum levels and excretion of the drug in the pancreatic secretion were then monitored over the next six hours. Results showed excretion of tobramycin reached bactericidal concentrations in pancreatic fluid from the normal and inflamed pancreas, with no significant differences (p = 0.2) between the excretion rates. The place of antibiotics in acute pancreatitis is discussed. Based on usual pathogens isolated in pancreatic abscesses, and their usual sensitivity patterns, tobramycin with Cephamandole are the antibiotics of choice in acute pancreatitis, and a clinical trial is indicated to evaluate their place in reducing complications and deaths in the disease. PMID- 7235769 TI - Supradiaphragmatic correction of esophageal reflux strictures. AB - Intragastric pressure measurements and cineradiographic contrast studies were done in monkeys in order to determine the pressure at which esophageal reflux occurred. Antireflux operative procedures were performed above and below the diaphragm, and the results compared. The Nissen fundoplication proved to be the most effective type of mechanical antireflux valve and worked equally well placed above and below the diaphragm. Of 200 consecutive adult patients undergoing operative correction of esophageal reflux, 19 had severe esophageal strictures. Through a transthoracic approach, two patients had subdiaphragmatic Nissen fundoplications, one with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus had an esophageal resection, and 16 had supradiaphragmatic Nissen fundoplications; those 16 patients form the basis of this report. No patients died; superficial, temporary esophageal ulcerations developed in two. Follow-up times have ranged from six months to eight years; the results in all cases have been good. Experimental and clinical evidence supports the belief that this less radical approach is the treatment of choice in the management of severe esophageal strictures secondary to reflux esophagitis. PMID- 7235771 TI - [Epidemic of influenza in Antananarivo (with isolation of virus A/Texas/77 (H3N2))]. PMID- 7235770 TI - Management of adult choledochal cysts. AB - A review of the English literature reveals a total of 1,337 patients with choledochal cysts. Improved diagnostic techniques to visualize the biliary system are demonstrating an increasing number of unsuspected choledochal cysts in adult patients. Either choledochal cysts remain clinically silent until adulthood or may develop in later life. Experience is reported with adult patients having type I, II, III, and IV choledochal cysts. Type I cysts are preferably managed by excision but cyst anatomy may necessitate choledochoenteric drainage. Type II cysts are treated by excision except for those located within the pancreatic portion of the common bile duct. These are best managed by transduodenal cystoduodenostomy. The type III cyst (choledochocele) should be excised carefully, identifying and preserving the common bile and pancreatic ducts. Type IV cysts include a combination of any one of the first three types of cyst plus the presence of intrahepatic cyst or cysts. Treatment of these cysts is dictated by the type and location of the extrahepatic cyst. Since choledochal cysts are being recognized with increased frequency in adults, surgeons need to be aware of the diagnostic and treatment modalities available for each type of biliary cyst. PMID- 7235772 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma: cases diagnosed in the histopathology laboratory of the Pasteur Institute of Madagascar from 1956 to 1977]. PMID- 7235774 TI - [Presence of anthropophilic phlebotomus in Madagascar]. PMID- 7235773 TI - [Bacteria, viruses, parasites, pathology and experimental pathology of Malagasy Lemurs. Interest for man]. PMID- 7235775 TI - [Role of "Laro" in the manufacturing of "toaka gasy" (artisanal rum)]. PMID- 7235776 TI - [Production of enterotoxins by different enteropathogenic bacteria with the aid of the rabbit ligated ileum test]. PMID- 7235777 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobin. What is its value? PMID- 7235778 TI - Coronary vasospasm. Observations linking the clinical spectrum of ischemic heart disease to the dynamic pathology of coronary atherosclerosis. AB - Patients with angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden death almost always have demonstrable coronary atherosclerosis. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence that coronary artery "spasm" is a contributing feature of these different coronary ischemic syndromes. Using quantitative angiography and two modes of alpha-adrenergic stimulation in patients with spontaneous most angina, vasomotor hyperreactivity was shown to be localized only to the region of a preexisting coronary atheroma. These observations support the hypothesis that a dynamic interaction between the histopathologic features of coronary atherosclerosis and "normal" amounts of coronary smooth-muscle shortening accounts for the clinical features in the great majority of cases in the spectrum of ischemic heart disease. There are stenosis, each with different therapeutic implications. PMID- 7235779 TI - Hypochondriasis. PMID- 7235780 TI - Heterogeneity of adult hypophosphatasia. Report of severe and mild cases. AB - Two cases of women with adult hypophosphatasia illustrate the clinical spectrum and potential difficulties in the diagnosis of this condition. Both patients had subnormal serum alkaline phosphatase activity, absence of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, increased amounts of urinary phosphoethanolamine, and normal levels of immunoreactive calcitonin and parathyroid hormone. In undecalcified bone biopsy specimens, the number of osteoblasts and the tetracycline-labeled calcification front were similar in the two patients, although the percentage of unmineralized bone matrix and the extent of osteoid-covered bone surface were different. Twenty years of bone pain, severe skeletal deformities, and a generalized increase of osteoid in one patient contrasted with an 18-month history of bone pain and patchy osteoid in the other. These cases suggest that adult hypophosphatasia is a heterogeneous disorder and may be more common than previously realized. PMID- 7235781 TI - Diagnostic dilemma of the aged. AB - The complexity of symptoms seen in the elderly patient derives from the nature of age-related psychological and physiological changes and the variety of medical illnesses and psychiatric disorders common in advanced age. Without using differential diagnosis, the changes in mental status are too often ascribed to manifestation of senile decay, resulting in overdiagnosis of senile dementia. There is an interrelationship between somatic and psychiatric disorders and unusual appearances of many clinical entities common in the elderly. A review of pertinent literature and related clinical examples illustrate the common symptom complexes, including psychosomatic and somatopsychic disorders, seen in aged patients. PMID- 7235782 TI - Pulmonary function after adult respiratory distress syndrome associated with Legionnaires' disease pneumonia. AB - Two patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by Legionnaires' disease were treated with erythromycin lactobionate, and they survived. Sequential pulmonary function studies and chest roentgenograms were obtained in both patients. Despite previous suggestions that severe fibrosis might complicate the recovery of patients with this disease, both patients had normal lung volumes and only minimal reduction in single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity ten weeks after the onset of the disease. Thus, pulmonary function after ARDS caused by Legionnaires' disease seems to be only minimally disturbed. PMID- 7235784 TI - Cardiotoxicity associated with high-dose cyclophosphamide therapy. AB - The cardiac effects of chemotherapeutic regimens using high doses of cyclophosphamide (180 mg/kg over four days) were assessed in 32 patients with hematologic malignant neoplasms. Left ventricular systolic function, determined by the fractional shortening on echocardiogram, declined substantially five to 16 days after the initiation of cyclophosphamide therapy. Although pericardial effusion on echocardiogram occurred in 33% of the patients studied, ECG voltage decreased five to 14 days after beginning cyclophosphamide therapy even in those patients without pericardial effusion. Congestive heart failure was noted in nine patients (28%) within three weeks of cyclophosphamide administration. Six of these patients (19%) died of myocardial failure. Pericardial tamponade occurred in six patients (19%), including five who died of myocardial failure. Histopathologic and electron microscopic findings showed endothelial injury and a hemorrhagic myopericarditis. Cyclophosphamide in this high dose is associated with a toxic, often fatal, pericardiomyopathy. Depression of ECG voltage and systolic left ventricular function, though common, do not necessarily predict clinical cardiac deterioration. PMID- 7235783 TI - Glycohemoglobin. Its use in the follow-up of diabetes and diagnosis of glucose intolerance. AB - In 140 persons with a normal glucose tolerance test (GTT), the median glycohemoglobin (GHb) level was 8.1% (95% limits, 6.5% to 9.0%). The GHb level was not significantly different in 30 patients with impaired GTT (8.6%). In all 14 patients with diabetic GTT and fasting plasma glucose (PG) level above 140 mg/dL, GHb level was above 10% (median, 11.3%). Of 25 patients with diabetic GTT but without fasting hyperglycemia, only two had GHb levels 10% or above. The GHb level correlated with the mean daily PG level in both 176 insulin-dependent (rs, +.530) and 107 non-insulin-dependent (rs, +.734) diabetics. Correlation was almost zero between GHb level and mean one-day PG level in 14 most brittle insulin-dependent diabetics. However, in them, there was a strong correlation (rs, +.763) between GHb level and the mean of 20 or more PG values for the preceding month. Follow-up of 100 diabetics showed strong correlation (rs, +.845) between the changes in GHb level and in the mea PG level. Decrease of the mean PG level of 100 mg/dL was accompanied by a drop of the GHb level of about 2%. PMID- 7235785 TI - Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 7235786 TI - Echophonocardiographic findings in a patient with aortic and mitral prostheses. PMID- 7235787 TI - Healing of aspirin-associated peptic ulcer disease despite continued salicylate ingestion. AB - Patients who have rheumatic disease and who are undergoing long-term aspirin therapy have a high incidence of peptic ulcer disease. Whether it is possible to heal long-term aspirin-related peptic ulcer disease if aspirin intake is continued is unknown. Nine patients with rheumatic disease who were receiving long-term aspirin therapy and who had 15 endoscopically verified gastric and/or duodenal ulcers were studied. Patients were treated daily with 1,200 mg of cimetidine plus at least 120 mL of antacid (Mylanta II), while continuing aspirin therapy at the same dose and type. By eight weeks, 14 ulcers had healed. This study shows that some aspirin-associated peptic ulcers can be healed, despite continued aspirin intake, by intensive medical therapy aimed at lowering intragastric acidity. PMID- 7235788 TI - Additive nephrotoxicity from roentgenographic contrast media. Its occurrence in phenazopyridine-induced acute renal failure. AB - A 68-year-old woman had reversible nonoliguric acute renal failure and yellow pigmentation of her skin and sclerae after ingesting phenazopyridine hydrochloride, 200 mg four times a day for six weeks. Although she began to recover renal function promptly after the drug therapy was discontinued, there was a further decline in her glomerular filtration rate after an oral cholecystogram and intravenous pyelogram. Phenazopyridine-induced acute renal failure is rare, but its early recognition is important so that additional nephrotoxicity from studies using roentgenographic contrast material may be avoided in patients with this problem. PMID- 7235789 TI - Diabetic nephropathy in a patient with maturity-onset diabetes of the young. PMID- 7235790 TI - Spontaneous hepatic rupture in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A fatal hepatic rupture developed, in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, as a result of hepatic arteritis. The patient had hypotension, falling hematocrit level, hepatomegaly, and evidence of progressive hepatocellular dysfunction. Hepatic dysfunction is not uncommon in rheumatoid arthritis, but is usually asymptomatic. Hepatic arteritis is a rare manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis; however, recognition of this complication is important, since early intervention may be important in successful management. PMID- 7235791 TI - Disseminated cryptococcosis in an asymptomatic alcoholic man. AB - Widely disseminated cryptococcosis was found on autopsy in a 50-year-old alcoholic man. The spleen, lungs, CNS, liver, kidney, and lymph nodes were all involved. In his clinical course, the patient showed no signs of immunologic anergy. His terminal hospital course resulted directly from end-stage liver disease and renal failure. The cryptococcal infection was of the nongranulomatous, diffuse type with little or no inflammatory response, which probably explains the lack of symptoms. PMID- 7235792 TI - Paradoxical ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation after intravenous bretylium therapy. Report of two cases. AB - Two patients were treated with bretylium tosylate for malignant ventricular arrhythmias after inadequate response to conventional agents. In the first patient, two episodes of ventricular tachycardia requiring cardioversion occurred in close temporal sequence with administering bretylium. With drug rechallenge two days later, ventricular tachycardia recurred within minutes. In the second case, five cardiac arrests due to ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation occurred during several hours after beginning a trial of bretylium maintenance therapy for complex ventricular ectopy. Although transient increases in ectopy after bretylium therapy have been described, presumably due to catecholamine release, the occurrence of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia leading to cardiac arrest has not previously been emphasized. There is potential for this side effect, and additional caution in the use of this drug should be followed. PMID- 7235793 TI - Pneumococcal meningitis despite chloramphenicol prophylaxis. PMID- 7235794 TI - Propranolol intoxication. A severe case responding to norepinephrine therapy. PMID- 7235795 TI - ECG changes during minoxidil therapy. PMID- 7235796 TI - Hypokalemia in hospitalized patients. PMID- 7235797 TI - Histoplasmosis and Lennert's lymphoma. PMID- 7235798 TI - Inadequacy of fractional excretion of sodium test. PMID- 7235800 TI - Thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7235799 TI - Hypoventilation. PMID- 7235801 TI - Nifedipine in hypertension. Expanding applications of a new drug. PMID- 7235802 TI - Intravenous sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim plus ticarcillin as empiric antibiotic therapy for granulocytopenic patient. PMID- 7235803 TI - An aggressive approach to the medical management of peptic ulcer disease. AB - Studies indicate that endoscopy provides the best index for accurate diagnosis of peptic ulcer and for evaluating results of therapy. The use of cimetidine or frequent administration of a potent liquid antacid ensures initial healing of duodenal ulcers in 75% to 90% of patients. A similar, but not so clearly statistically significant, trend toward healing exists when cimetidine is used in gastric ulcers. Cimetidine also is useful in postsurgical ulcers, in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and as prophylaxis (up to one year) in patients with healed duodenal ulcers. Although the long-term effects of healing ulcers and preventing relapses remain to be defined, an aggressive approach toward healing and the management of the healed state seems advisable. The frequent use of endoscopy as a diagnostic tool plus vigorous application of proved medical therapy is advocated. PMID- 7235804 TI - Rapid progressive glomerulonephritis: relapse after prolonged remission. AB - Three patients with epithelial cell crescents and rapid progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) had prolonged remission, presumably induced by treatment with maintenance oral prednisone and cyclophosphamide plus plasmapheresis. Patient 1 had anti-glomerular basement membrane-mediated RPGN, patient 2 had an immune complex disease, and patient 3 did not show any immune deposits. After a two-year remission in two patients and a greater than one-year remission in the third patient, renal function deteriorated. Epithelial cell crescents were again demonstratable on repeated renal biopsy specimens in each patient. One patient again received triple therapy, while the other two patients received megadoses of intravenous prednisolone sodium succinate in place of plasmapheresis. Each patient again entered a stable remission. These three cases demonstrate that RPGN may recur after prolonged remission in all three varieties of this syndrome. If the exacerbation is treated promptly, a second remission may be induced. PMID- 7235805 TI - Elevations of thyroid-stimulating hormone during acute nonthyroidal illness. AB - To determine whether the incidence of unrecognized thyroid disorders is high enough to warrant screening, we studied a group of 95 elderly hospitalized women with the use of clinical examinations, along with thyroid function tests. We found that 13 (13.7%) of the 95 women had elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and mean serum thyroxine (T4) levels, and their free T4 indexes and triiodothyronine levels (measured by radioimmunoassay) were lower than the levels in the normal control group. In four (4.2%) of the 95 patients, the elevation of TSH levels was transient. In two patients (2.1%), the elevation of TSH levels was caused by underlying hypothyroidism. The results of thyroid function tests, including serum TSH, obtained during acute nonthyroidal illness should be interpreted cautiously, and screening for thyroid disorders among elderly patients with acute illnesses is not warranted. While primary hypothyroidism may be regularly associated with an elevated TSH level, an elevated TSH level may be the result of an acute illness and not associated with clinical hypothyroidism. PMID- 7235806 TI - A clinical and roentgenographic correlation of diaphragmatic movement. AB - Diaphragmatic excursion was determined by percussion in 29 patients by two observers and then compared with measurements made from inspiration and expiration chest roentgenograms. The range of movement as determined by percussion was related to spirometric indices of ventilatory capacity. Our study showed wide interobserver variation in the clinical measurements and a poor correlation with diaphragmatic excursion measured roentgenographically. Although we were able to demonstrate a significant correlation between forced vital capacity (FVC) and clinically determined range of diaphragmatic movement, five patients had a reduced FVC despite the fact that the clinical determination of diaphragmatic movement was greater than 2 cm. Both observers missed paradoxical movement in the one patient in whom it was present. We conclude that percussion of th diaphragms for the purpose of estimating the range of movement is of limited clinical value and should no longer be recommended as part of the physical examination. PMID- 7235807 TI - Efficacy of intravenous phosphorus therapy in the severely hypophosphatemic patient. AB - To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a simple approach to intravenous (IV) phosphorus therapy, ten adult patients with severe hypophosphatemia (less than or equal to 1 mg/dL) and normal renal function were studied prospectively. They were treated with a solution containing 9 mmole of phosphorus as monobasic potassium phosphate (KH2PO4), infused continuously every 12 hours. Serum phosphorus, potassium, and calcium levels and urinary excretion of phosphorus were measured every 12 hours. The serum phosphorus level was significantly improved at 12 hours, more than 1 mg/dL in all patients at 36 hours, and normal in six patients at 48 hours. The serum potassium level was never above normal, and serum calcium levels declined in only one patient. Administration of 9 mmole of phosphorus as KH2PO4 every 12 hours is both safe and efficacious IV therapy for severe hypophosphatemia in the adult patient with normal renal function and without hyperkalemia or hypercalcemia. PMID- 7235808 TI - Arterial blood pressure in adults with sickle cell disease. AB - Arterial blood pressures (BPs) in 187 adult patients with sickle cell disease, casually recorded during hospitalization or clinic visits, were compared with BPs from age- and sex-matched populations of black Americans. The BPs in those with sickle cell disease were significantly lower than those in the control populations in all ages and did not demonstrate the expected rise with advancing age. In these patients, there was no difference between BP and sex, degree of anemia, or hemoglobin genotype. Four patients had diastolic and two had systolic hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly less than that in the block population. These BP findings in sickle cell disease may be due to the renal tubular defect responsible for increased sodium and water excretion, which may blunt the plasma volume expansion necessary for sustained hypertension and thus promote lower arterial pressures, similar to that situation observed in patients with salt-losing nephritis. PMID- 7235809 TI - Long-term survival of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Treatment with cyclophosphamide, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone. AB - Thirty-eight patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease were treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone (CVPP); the minimum period of observation for surviving patients was five years. Twenty-eight patients (74%) achieved complete remission; in 17 (61%), remissions lasted at least five years. Twenty-five (66%) of the 38 patients survived more than five years from the initiation of CVPP. There were no differences in either rates or duration of response when evaluation was performed for multiple pretreatment clinical features. However, survival was adversely influenced by advanced age, nodular sclerosis histologic subtype, and pretreatment bone marrow involvement. Two patients died, in remission, of overwhelming viral infections, and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia developed in one patient. In another patient, aseptic necrosis of the heads of both femora developed. Our data suggest that treatment with CVPP may result in long-term disease-free survival for patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7235810 TI - Effect of sorbitol on psychomotor function: its use in alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - Sorbitol solution has been used to a control substance of evaluating the efficacy of lactulose therapy for hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, recent in vitro studies suggested that sorbitol may be an inert placebo and may have therapeutic relevance. We evaluated in vivo metabolism of sorbitol in healthy volunteers and alcoholic cirrhotic patients and found that sorbitol was metabolized by gut bacteria in a similar manner to lactulose. We next evaluated the effect of sorbitol treatment on five psychomotor performances tests in cirrhotic patients. Patients receiving sorbitol demonstrated improvement in all psychomotor tests, whereas similar patients not receiving sorbitol showed no improvement. We conclude the following: sorbitol is metabolized by gut bacteria in man, sorbitol therapy improved psychomotor performance in cirrhotic patients, and previous studies using sorbitol as a control underestimated the beneficial effects of lactulose. PMID- 7235811 TI - Effects of diuretics on urate and calcium excretion. AB - Forty-nine patients with gout, many with hypertension and/or renal calculi, were given hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, or ticrynafen. Diuresis and increased clearances of sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and calcium (Ca) occurred after a single dose of hydrochlorothiazide, 100 mg, or furosemide, 40 mg, orally. There was very slight change in urate and phosphorus clearances. With prolonged use of hydrochloride or furosemide, diuresis and increased electrolyte excretion disappeared. Urate and Ca excretion fell with hydrochlorothiazide. With long-term use of furosemide, urate excretion was suppressed, but Ca excretion was sustained. Ticrynafen produced diuresis and increased clearances of Na, K, and Cl. Calcium excretion was increased after a single dose and minimally decreased after long-term use. Most striking was the severe and rather sustained uricosuria. Though ticrynafen is an effective uricosuric, natriuretic, and antihypertensive agent, its hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity mitigate against its clinical use. PMID- 7235812 TI - Infections in hypothermic patients. AB - Of 59 adults admitted to Bellevue Hospital, New York, between 1968 and 1979 because of hypothermia due to exposure, 24 (41%) had 32 serious infections. Nine infections were not diagnosed at the time of admission. Infected patients warmed to higher peak temperatures were more likely to be comatose and had lower lymphocyte counts. At admission, physicians gave antibiotics to only one of nine patients with occult infection but to ten of 35 uninfected patients, thus failing to identify which patients required prompt antibiotic therapy. Delay in therapy contributed to the death of two patients. Since infection is frequently masked in hypothermic patients, careful repeated evaluations should be carried out to identify early infections. Although the proper use of antibiotics in patients with hypothermia is unresolved, we believe that prompt empiric antibiotic therapy is appropriate. PMID- 7235813 TI - Combination therapy with ticarcillin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for infections in patients with cancer. AB - Intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy with a combination of ticarcillin disodium and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was administered as initial empiric treatment of 218 febrile episodes in patients with cancer. Seventy-nine (77%) of 102 episodes of infection were cured, and the temperature returned to normal in 88 (74%) of 199 febrile episodes without proved infection. The response rates for the major sites of infection were as follows: septicemia, 89%; pneumonia, 52%, soft-tissue infections, 85%; and urinary tract infections, 100%. The cure rate of Gram-negative aerobic bacillary infections was 87%. No significant influence of initial neutrophil count on response rate was noted, although patients in whom the neutrophil count increased during therapy had a higher response rate (84%) than patients in whom the neutrophil count decreased or remained stable (72%). The combination of ticarcillin and IV sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is satisfactory initial empiric antibiotic therapy for febrile episodes in neutropenic patients with cancer. PMID- 7235814 TI - Toxoplasma meningoencephalitis with hypoglycorrhachia. PMID- 7235815 TI - Plasma thromboplastin antecedent (Factor XI) deficiency in a black family. AB - A black man with a prolonged partial thromboplastin time has a severe deficiency of plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA) (factor XI) measured both in clotting assays and immunoassays, suggesting a diagnosis of homozygous PTA deficiency. His offspring seemed to be heterozygous carriers of PTA deficiency. Additionally, the proband and two of his children had decreased Hageman factor (factor XII) levels consistent with those of heterozygous carriers of Hageman trait. To our knowledge, this is the first case known of PTA deficiency in a black person. Its pattern of inheritance was independent of that of factor VII deficiency. PMID- 7235816 TI - Treatment of massive phenobarbital overdose with dopamine diuresis. AB - We report a case of severe phenobarbital sodium overdose with a peak plasma concentration of 253 microgram/mL, normally considered fatal. The patient was successfully treated with forced alkaline diuresis. Treatment was unusual in that dopamine hydrochloride was used to sustain the diuresis. PMID- 7235817 TI - Haemophilus parainfluenzae thoracic empyema. AB - To our knowledge, thoracic empyema caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae has not been described previously. A case occurred in the setting of alcoholism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We note the similarity to pulmonary infections with H influenzae and discuss the implications for antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7235818 TI - Cytoplasmic fragments causing spurious platelet counts in hairy cell leukemia: ultrastructural characterization. AB - A patient with hairy cell leukemia had a spuriously elevated automated platelet count because of cytoplasmic fragments. The cytoplasmic fragments observed with electron microscopy were found in the same fraction as the platelets (platelet rich plasma). Ultrastructural examination confirmed the hairy cell cytoplasmic origin of these fragments because of their obvious difference from platelet ultrastructure. Cytoplasmic fragments as a cause of spuriously high automated platelet counts should be considered in all cases of hairy cell leukemia. The blood smear can suggest these factitious events and should be used to confirm the platelet count. It is important to validate the automated platelet count even when reported values are within the normal range, since electronic counting may result in a spurious thrombocytosis or a spuriously normal count. PMID- 7235820 TI - Disopyramide-induced Torsade de Pointes. AB - Recurrent ventricular tachycardia (torsade de pointes) is a serious and sometimes fatal arrhythmia occurring usually with quinidine therapy. Four patients experienced ventricular tachycardia after receiving conventional doses of disopyramide phosphate (600 mg/day) for recurrent atrial fibrillation-two of them in combination with amiodarone hydrochloride. Isoproterenol hydrochloride infusion was effective in three patients, while ventricular pacing promptly abolished ventricular ectopic beats and the ventricular tachycardia in the fourth patient. Torsade de pointes is more likely to occur in patients with severe repolarization delay and sinus bradycardia or atrioventricular block, and its appearance in four patients within a period of nine months after the introduction of disopyramide treatment in our service raises the possibility that this is not a rare complication of this drug, especially if used in combination with other QT interval-prolonging agents. PMID- 7235819 TI - Induction of lactic acidosis with intravenous diazepam in a patient with tetanus. AB - A patient with tetanus was treated with high-dose intravenous (IV) diazepam for control of muscular spasms. As the spasms were controlled with diazepam, lactic acidosis developed. The condition resolved on discontinuation of diazepam therapy and recurred with reinstitution of the drug. To our knowledge, lactic acidosis previously has not been associated with the use of high-dose IV diazepam. PMID- 7235821 TI - Polycythemia vera and primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - A patient with the clinical manifestations of polycythemia and hypercalcemia underwent an extensive examination for occult neoplasm. No malignancy was found; however, a parathyroid adenoma was excised. After its removal, the hypercalcemia and polycythemia disappeared during a two-year follow-up period. PMID- 7235822 TI - Hypothyroidism, triiodothyronine antibodies, and hyperprolactinemia. AB - This report describes the development of triiodothyronine (T3) antibodies in a patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis that resulted in compensated hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia. The patient, a 23-year-old woman, had a small goiter, modest elevation of thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) levels, and a markedly elevated T3 level. Circulating antibodies to T3 were demonstrated that presumably rendered the T3 physiologically inactive. Saturation of antibody binding sites by incremental dosages of liothyronine (triiodothyronine) sodium (12.5 to 87.5 microgram/day) resulted in normalization of both the TSH and PRL levels. PMID- 7235823 TI - Ataxia caused by fluoxymesterone therapy in breast cancer. PMID- 7235825 TI - Agitation and heat intolerance in hypothyroidism. PMID- 7235824 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome as a manifestation of secondary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7235826 TI - [Simultaneous assessment of intra-pulmonary right-to-left shunting and of aADCO2 in 5 neonates with refractory hypoxemia (author's transl)]. AB - Five neonates with refractory hypoxemia (aortic PO2 less than or equal to 6.7 KPa despite FiO2 = 1 and efficient artificial ventilation) were investigated in order to determine the principal mechanism of hypoxemia. PO2 values were measured (under FiO2 = 1) in a pulmonary vein, the left auricle and the aorta. They were used to distinguish intra-pulmonary shunts from extra-pulmonary shunts (though foramen ovale and/or ductus arteriosus). Simultaneous measurements of PACO2 and PaCO2 were used to assess the percentage of the ventilation output reaching hypoperfused areas. In cases with extra-pulmonary shunt, when this percentage is over 30%, pulmonary hypertension is likely. The use of both methods is useful for selecting those patients who might benefit from tolazoline. PMID- 7235827 TI - [Urolithiasis in Isreali children (author's transl)]. AB - Sixty-eight children (ages ranging from 5 months to 16 years) with urolithiasis were treated between 1966 and 1979. There were 36 females (53%) and 32 males (47%). Sixteen children (24%) had associated urinary tract infection; 4 out of these (6%) presented with urinary tract malformation. Fifty-five calculi (89%) were found in the upper urinary tract (kidney and ureter); 24 of the chemically studied calculi (80%) were made of calcium salts. In 30 children, metabolic investigations were carried out, leading to the discovery of hypercalciuria in 17 (57%). In one patient, important vesico-ureteral reflux associated with urolithiasis led to renal failure. PMID- 7235828 TI - [Metaphyseal osteolysis. Unusual aspect of reflex algodystrophy in children (author's transl)]. AB - Two children 7 and 14 years old respectively, presented with reflex neurovascular dystrophy. The salient feature of the disease consisted of osteolytic lesions of distal tibial and fibulal metaphyses. To out knowledge these were not previously reported. Complete recovery spontaneously occurred in a few weeks or months. Thus they do not require any treatment, which might be harmful. PMID- 7235829 TI - [Mixed connective tissue diseases in children. A report of one case with 11 years follow-up (author's transl)]. AB - One case of Sharp's syndrome (mixed connective tissue disease) is reported After 11 years without treatment the long-term benign evolution is affirmed. The clinical and biological signs leading to this diagnosis are reviewed and discussed. PMID- 7235830 TI - [Iconography: pathological calcification]. PMID- 7235832 TI - [Guillain-Barre syndrome and varicella]. PMID- 7235831 TI - [Low birth-weight neonates in Tunisia (author's transl)]. AB - From a prospective analysis performed in a maternity-hospital in Tunis, incidence, characteristic features and etiologic factors responsible for birth weight below 2,5000 g have been studied. Incidence of low birth-weight is accepted as an indicator of the level of health care in a country; this incidence, established from 6,028 living births was 7.2%, similar to that in developed countries. On the contrary, intra-uterine growth retardation rates of 69.6% and prematures rates of 30.4% are closer to those in developing countries. Altogether, anomalies of height and of the height/head circumference ratio were present in 36 children only and, in 12 out the these, abnormalities of the placenta or membranes or evidence of fetal disease were found. A factor responsible for low birth weight was found in 182 neonates: previous severe disease in the mother (7.7%), toxemia (9.4%) twin pregnancy (22.41%), fetal pathology (3.5%) and pathology of the placenta and membranes (4.6%). PMID- 7235833 TI - [Accidents of children and adolescents. How do we prevent them?]. PMID- 7235835 TI - [Sleep states and oxymetry in neonates (author's transl)]. AB - We have performed continuous recording of cutaneous PO2 (cPO2) together with a polygraphic recording of sleep in 12 normal premature babies, 36-38 weeks of post conceptional age. In all babies, cPO2 was significantly lower (77.2 +/- 23.2) and more variable in active sleep than in quiet sleep (81.8 +/- 24.6). This difference is significantly related to the more numerous apneas, to the asynchronism of thoracic and abdominal movements, and to the motor activity with important irregularities of ventilation observed during the stage of active sleep. PMID- 7235836 TI - [Length of the hospital stay and the quality of care in pediatrics]. PMID- 7235834 TI - [Acetylcholinesterase activity in suction rectal biopsies. An appraisal of its value in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Demonstration of an increase in Acetylcholinesterase activity within the terminal nerves of the aganglionic segment in Hirschsprung's disease can provide a useful additional criterion to the diagnosis of this disease. The value as well as the limitations of this histochemical investigation, when performed on superficial suction biopsies, is evaluated. 135 rectal biopsies taken from 123 children were studied. In 28 biopsies performed on children with Hirschsprung's disease, the correct diagnosis was established in 19 cases suggested in 5 and missed in 2. Conversely in 107 control specimens, the results of the histochemical method were correctly negative on 97 occasions and falsely positive on 2. PMID- 7235837 TI - [Length of hospitalization and quality of care in a department of pediatrics. Results of a prospective study (author's transl)]. AB - The records of 150 patients hospitalized in a department of specialized pediatrics were analysed immediately after discharge, in order to detect the factors involved in the length of stay. Unexpected course of the disease and familial factors most often increase the length of an hospitalization programed according to technical factors. The interactions between quality of care and length of stay are discussed. PMID- 7235841 TI - [Monosomy 7qter (author's transl)]. AB - A terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7 is identified in a boy observed from birth to age 6 months. Eleven previously reported cases were reviewed. Eleven previously reported cases were reviewed. The most common features are microcephaly with brachycephaly, prominent forehead, large ears, a nose with bulbous tip, overlapping toes, genital abnormalities in the males and excess of subcutaneous tissue. Delayed mental and physical development is a general rule but visceral malformations seem uncommon. PMID- 7235838 TI - [Length of hospitalization and quality of care in a department of pediatrics. An approach to the parents' point of view (author's transl)]. AB - 159 sets of questions answered immediately after discharge by parents of children hospitalized in a department of specialized pediatrics were analysed in order to appreciate how families experience the multiple factors involved in the relation between quality of care and length of hospitalization. The minor importance of the "housekeeping" parameters seems to be related to the fact that families consider them as evident. On the contrary, the relation between hospital staff and parents is privileged by the families : therefore, the quality of hospitalization goes far beyond technical efficiency or financial cost and must include material and psychological factors that are considered as essential by hospitalized children and their families. PMID- 7235839 TI - [Growth in diabetic children as measured by height and weight (author's transl)]. AB - Height and weight of 745 children (358 females and 387 males) under 18 years of age, presenting with insulin-dependent diabetes were compared with those of a French reference population. A similar comparison was done with a sample of 329 adults (155 females and 174 males) whose insulin-dependent diabetes had occurred before the age of 15. Results indicate that these children generally have a normal growth and reach a mean height (females : 158 cm; males : 170 cm) very similar to that of the reference population (160 and 172 cm, respectively). The same is observed for weight. However, growth retardation is observed at puberty, more frequently in males (10.8%) than in females (7.8%). Mean age at menarche is 14 years 5 months (13 years 10 months in the reference population). In males, it may be associated with insufficient treatment. This is not the case in females. There is no correlation between growth and glycosylated hemoglobin. No correlation with familial socio-economic level was found. PMID- 7235840 TI - [Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis (author's transl)]. AB - This report concerns a 13 year old girl with the clinical and radiological features of mild idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis. In this patient, no alteration was detected in serum calcium (total + ionized) and phosphorus concentration, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, nor in urinary calcium and phosphorus excretions. Plasma concentrations of cortisol were normal during daytime and sleep. Circulating immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was normal or low. The serum 25-(OH)D and 24,25-(OH)2D concentrations were below the normal range, and the 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations were above the normal range (720 pmol/l) at the beginning of the investigation. All vitamin D metabolites concentrations returned to normal values at the time of radiological recovery and after calcium and 25 (OH)D3 supplementation. A possible relationship between alterations of bone and of circulating vitamin D metabolites is discussed. PMID- 7235842 TI - [Relapsing suppurative acute thyroiditis in children. 2 case reports (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235843 TI - [Failure of treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis with adenine-arabinoside. Three cases with histologic study of the brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7235844 TI - [Iconographic rubric]. PMID- 7235846 TI - [Mothers rooming-in in a department of pediatrics (author's transl)]. AB - In order to better understand the reactions arising from the admission of a child with his mother to the hospital, the reactions of the families, of the hospital staff and of doctors to the permanent presence of the mothers have been analysed. It appears that, in spite of the constraints linked with this type of hospital treatment, it does have positive aspects as compared to the usual type of hospitalization : the organization of the admission, the existence of a single medical contact, a closer observation, a team which works closer together, better possibilities of obtaining information, a shorter stay in hospital; all these improvements could be generalized. However, this concept of hospital treatment is quite demanding for the hospital staff, who must have the support of all the doctors concerned and of the administration. PMID- 7235847 TI - [Acute pulmonary edema and upper airway obstruction]. PMID- 7235848 TI - [Neonatal subocclusion and athyreosis. Anomalies of the inhibitory recto-anal reflex]. PMID- 7235849 TI - [Role of rectoscopy in the diagnosis of vascular enteropathy of newborn infants]. PMID- 7235845 TI - [Mothers rooming-in in a department of pediatrics (author's transl)]. AB - The socio-economic and medical characteristics of a population of 100 children hospitalized in a "mother and child" section of a general pediatric department were studied in order to point out some objective data. This population appears socio-economically privileged. The majority of them are single children, with ages ranging from 0 to 10 years and with many babies under 6 months. There are as many working mothers in this group as in the average population of the department. Types of diseases are varied as the children were not chosen on medical criteria. Lastly, the length of the stay in hospital becomes noticeably shorter. PMID- 7235850 TI - Measuring outcome in psychodynamic psychotherapy: Psychodynamic vs symptomatic assessment. AB - Malan has argued forcefully that meaningful measurement of outcome in psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy requires a complex clinical-judgment process by an expert clinician that is based on a psychodynamic hypothesis. Information pertaining only to symptom status before and after treatment was abstracted from each of 18 case summaries published by Malan. Each of these abstracted "cases" was related by a nonprofessional judge for global improvement and by me for symptomatic improvement. Correlations among these simple outcome ratings, "dynamic assessments" of treatment outcome made by the Tavistock group, and several theoretically important variables measuring transference manifestations during treatment were examined. Simple symptomatic improvement was an important component of the complex Tavistock outcome rating. The results raised questions as to the importance of the expert clinician and the psychodynamic hypothesis in the assessment of treatment outcome. PMID- 7235851 TI - The effect of psychobiological research on treatment outcome. A controlled study. AB - Recent advances in psychiatric research methodology promise major progress. Simultaneously, however, mounting concerns about ethnics of human experimentation have resulted in increased scrutiny and regulation that threaten scientific productivity. Virtually no systematic data have been gathered about the effects of research participation on treatment outcome or patient satisfaction. In this study 56 hospitalized depressed patients, who had agreed to participate in psychobiological research protocols, were then randomly assigned to treatment on a research unit or on standard adult inpatient (nonresearch) units. Research participants received more diagnosis-related somatic treatments, had a longer mean length of stay, and experienced trends toward greater symptom reduction and better consumer satisfaction. We conclude that research participation may be helpful to patients but that more systematic study is needed to help to resolve ethical questions and to assist risk-benefit evaluations. PMID- 7235852 TI - Therapeutic factors in group psychotherapy. A review. AB - This is a review of theoretical, empirical, and clinical research on therapeutic factors (TFs) in group psychotherapy covering the period 1955 to 1979. Therapeutic factors are processes that contribute to improvement in the patient's condition; they are different from conditions for change and from techniques. The following TFs are examined: self-disclosure, interaction, acceptance (cohesiveness), insight, catharsis, guidance, altruism, vicarious learning, instillation of hope, and an existential factor. Criteria for adequate experimental design in group research are proposed. About 40% of the works reviewed contain empirical studies; the quality of these studies is variable both conceptually and methodologically. It is difficult to assess the extent to which clinical practice has actually been influenced by this work on TFs. PMID- 7235853 TI - Group support for patients with metastatic cancer. A randomized outcome study. AB - The effects of weekly supportive group meetings for women with metastatic carcinoma of the breast were systematically evaluated in a one-year, randomized, prospective outcome study. The groups focused on the problems of terminal illness, including improving relationships with family, friends, and physicians and living as fully as possible in the face of death. We hypothesized that this invention would lead to improved mood, coping strategies, and self-esteem among those in the treatment group. Eighty-six patients were tested at four-month intervals. The treatment group had significantly lower mood-disturbance scores on the Profile of Mood States scale, had fewer maladaptive coping responses, and were less phobic than the control group. This study provides objective evidence that a supportive group intervention for patients with metastatic cancer results in psychological benefit. Mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of this group intervention are explored. PMID- 7235854 TI - Stability of psychiatric diagnosis. Schizophrenia and affective disorders followed up over a 30- to 40-year period. AB - Stability of diagnosis in schizophrenia and affective disorders is high. Patients selected according to research criteria for schizophrenia and affective disorders were followed up in a historical prospective study to evaluate their diagnostic stability over a 30- to 40-year period. Our follow-up, lifetime diagnosis, based on blind diagnostic assessment, showed that 92.5% of the personally interviewed schizophrenics were given the follow-up diagnosis of schizophrenia, which was significantly higher than the 78.3% found in affective disorders. However, no significant difference exists when assessment was made on available records of those who died or refused to be interviewed. These stability coefficients are discussed in light of the methodological assumptions involved in a long-term follow-up study. We concluded that the diagnostic stability in schizophrenia and affective disorders were very high and that rigorous diagnostic criteria should be maintained. PMID- 7235855 TI - No treatment as the prescription of choice. AB - As part of each evaluation, the clinician must decide whether or not a psychiatric treatment is indicated. It is unfortunate that there is little available research to aid in this decision, and it has not received much attention in the clinical literature. In actual practice, therapists tend to recommend treatment almost automatically and without a careful consideration of its necessity or possible harmful effects. The research methodology and problems is defining those patients who are better off without psychiatric treatment is discussed. This group is categorized into negative responders and nonresponders and spontaneous improvers. A set of preliminary criteria for no treatment and clinical examples are provided. PMID- 7235857 TI - Evaluation of the DSM-III criteria for melancholia. AB - The DSM-III criteria for melancholia are intended to define an endogenomorphic subcategory of major depressive episode for which somatic treatment is usually required. One hundred twenty-three inpatients having a major depressive episode were examined retrospectively to determine the ability of the melancholia criteria to identify patients observed to have an autonomous syndrome during the first week of hospitalization and to distinguish them from patients observed to be responsive to psychosocial intervention without drug treatment. The melancholia criteria correctly classified 77% of the sample. In comparison with the primary affective disorder criteria, the melancholia criteria appeared to be selective; fewer responsive patients were falsely identified. The predictive values of individual symptom criteria were examined. Of the current symptom criteria, two observed signs, lack of reactivity and psychomotor change, were most useful for making the autonomous-responsive distinction. PMID- 7235856 TI - Paranoid psychosis (delusional disorder) and schizophrenia. A family history study. AB - Family studies have played a central role in the controversy over the nosologic status of paranoid psychosis or delusional disorder (DD). In this study, 12 cases of DD were blindly rediagnosed from a cohort of 146 schizophrenics. The prevalence of schizophrenia in the relatives of the DD probands was significantly less than that found in the relatives of the schizophrenics. Affective illness was equally uncommon in both groups of relatives. Inferiority feelings clustered significantly in the relatives of the DD probands. From a familial perspective, DD is not closely related to schizophrenia or affective illness but does have a familial link to inferiority feelings. Investigators should take cognizance of the entity of DD as one possible source of the heterogeneity within "schizophrenia." PMID- 7235858 TI - The Family Attitudes Questionnaire. Patients' and spouses' views of bipolar illness. AB - A newly devised Family Attitudes Questionnaire has been employed to quantify the perceptions of 19 bipolar manic-depressive patients and their well spouses about the etiology, familial risk, and long-term burden of bipolar illness, and to assess their abilities about marriage and childbearing. In this study, 53% of well spouses compared with 5% of patients (P less than .01) would not have had children if they had known more about bipolar illness prior to making these decisions. The overall data suggest that the bipolar patients, compared with his or her spouse, minimizes the burden and denies the heritable/familial nature of affective illness. These findings should be borne in mind for genetic counseling as well as for psychotherapy. PMID- 7235859 TI - The family meets the hospital. Predicting the family's perception of the treatment program from its problem solving style. AB - A family's perception of a treatment program may determine whether ir becomes productively engaged or destructively withdrawn. A theory of family types, in conjunction with a standardized laboratory problem solving procedure, was used to predict the nature of families' shared perceptions of a psychiatric ward. The individual and shared perceptions of thirty families were determined by means of a specially designed Q-sort. Two dimensions of problem solving behavior successfully predicted significant differences between families in their shared perceptions. Configuration, or the family's capacity to derive effective solutions in the laboratory, predicted the subtlety to their perception of the ward. Coordination, or the capacity of family members to dovetail their problem solving effort with one another, predicted the family's sense of comfort and engagement in the ward setting. PMID- 7235860 TI - The alcoholic family at home. Patterns of interaction in dry, wet, and transitional stages of alcoholism. AB - Thirty-one alcoholic families were observed in their homes on nine separate occasions over a six-month period. During each occasion, behavioral observers made systematic recordings of interactional behavior using the Home Observation Assessment Method, a method that concentrates on the family's style of regulating its home environment. Three distinct patterns of home behavior could be identified using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Each pattern was associated dry, or transitional phase. This suggests that these families manifest characteristic family-level patterns of behavior in their homes at different stages in the course of chronic alcoholism. The critical issue was the relative rigidity vs flexibility of behavior. Families in either stable wet and transitional phases proved to have rigid patterns of behavior; those in the stable dry phase had flexible patterns. The findings provide an initial insight into how families manage a chronic disease process in their home environment. PMID- 7235861 TI - Drug use and life-style among college undergraduates. Nine years later. AB - A questionnaire study of drug use and life-style among college seniors, previously performed in 1969, was repeated at the same college in 1978 with identical methods. Moderate increases in marijuana use were found; cocaine use had increased dramatically; most other drug use changed only slightly. Differences between users and nonusers, already modest in 1969, had narrowed further by 1978: users and nonusers were indistinguishable on grades, athletics, other college activities, career plans, and subjective alienation. Only heterosexual activity and visits to a psychiatrist still distinguish users from nonusers. PMID- 7235862 TI - [Influence of artificial hyperglycaemia on selected clinico-chemical parameters of Wistar-rats with Jensen's sarcoma (author's transl)]. AB - By means of usual laboratory methods was investigated, whether glucose-induced hyperglycaemia -- applied within diagnostical and therapeutical conceptions (e.g. combined treatment with nonpathogenic clostridial spores) -- causes disturbances of organ functions in healthy and Jensen's sarcoma bearing rats or not. In this manner especially damages of liver, kidneys and muscular system were excluded with high probability. Possibilities of pathophysiological interpretation of the results as well as the question of usefulness of LDH-activity estimation for the judgement of tumour damage are discussed. PMID- 7235863 TI - Tumour growth inhibition by calcitonin: role of the age of the animal and the hypocalcemic response. AB - Only young rats showed tumor growth inhibition by calcitonin treatment. This phenomenon appears related to its hypocalcemic properties and to structural rearrangement of the membranes which possibly produce permeability changes with a consequent functional impairment of the cell. These effects on the membranes are reflected by modifications of the binding of calcium and magnesium to the phospholipid fraction. PMID- 7235864 TI - Spleen white pulp morphology in the evaluation of the immunological reactivity of patients died in widespread gastric carcinoma. AB - The histology of the white pulp of the spleens collected from eighty four patients died in widespread carcinoma of the stomach was evaluated by utilizing the standardized reporting system previously outlined by the author. As a control material, the same number of spleens from an age- and sex-matched group of patients died in myocardial infarction or in cerebrovascular catastrophe was assessed. Special emphasis was placed on the alterations of the T- and B lymphocyte populations involved in immunological reactions of the host. As determined on the grounds of the histology of the central and peripheral periarterial lymphoid sheath, both the cell-mediated and humoral immune responses, respectively, seemed to have preserved their appropriate functions in the control spleens. In the cancer series, on the other hand, the lymphocyte populations responsible for both the humoral and cell-mediated immunity were severely affected. The significance of the findings was discussed in the light of tumor immunology, and a conclusion was drawn that an impairment of both the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses exists in a considerable number of patients at the terminal stage of gastric carcinoma. The applicability of the standardized reporting system used was emphasized, and its acceptance into more general use was advocated. PMID- 7235865 TI - [The therapy of the early ovarian cancer (T1/T2 M0 N0) (author's transl)]. AB - The paper deals with the results of a randomized prospective therapeutic study concerning 60 patients with ovarian cancers in stages T1 M0 N0 and T2 M0 N0 without (A group) and with (B group) postoperative chemotherapy, who had been operated on under a curative objective. The operative approach covered the abdominal exstirpation of the uterus with both adnexa and resection of the omentum. In stage T1 M0 N0 the 5-year survival time was reached by 94% of the patients without follow-up treatment (A group) and 90% of those who received such treatment (B group). In stage T2 M0 N0 all the patients without follow-up treatment (A group) and 76% of those cytostatically treated (B group) survived 5 years. While after a 10-year observation period the therapeutic results have remainded unchanged for stage T2 M0 N0 the survival rate of patients with tumours in stage T1 M0 N0 who hat received follow-up treatment has decreased to 62%. Statistical comparison of therapeutic concepts was not significant (error probability 5%). Attention is drawn to the importance of the operative approach. Ruptured secondura ovarian cancers and ascites do not anymore permit the curative approach and drastically reduce the chances of survival. Present methods of follow-up treatment cannot improve the effectiveness of the curatively performed operative measures take in case of ovarian cancer 5 of stages T1 M0 N0 and T2 M0 N0. PMID- 7235867 TI - Z band abnormality characterized by interwoven structure in human cardiac muscle. AB - The fine structure of a Z band abnormality which closely resembled that of nemaline body was studied using myocardial biopsies. The abnormality was found in 10 out of 103 examined patients with various cardiac muscle diseases. Ultrastructurally, they were characterized by interwoven textures of fine filaments in a form similar to the nemaline body. However, they differed in two points from the nemaline body: first, most of them were interposed between the sarcomeric arrangement as an intramyofibrillar architecture, and second, two parallel filaments with periodic bridges were demonstrated in this abnormality. In the present study, the interwoven Z band abnormalities occurred regardless of the disease's sort, the patient's age, and the hypertrophic grade in the muscle cell. Meanwhile, some degenerative changes, myofibrillar lysis and mitochondrial degeneration, were frequently detected in the cardiac muscles with the abnormalities. Pathologically, the interwoven form of the Z band abnormality seemed to indicate an unbalance of the compensative mechanism at the cell level. PMID- 7235866 TI - Ultrastructural and cytochemical observations on the alternating morphologic changes of the ameloblasts at the stage of enamel maturation. AB - The functional role of the alternating morphologic changes of the rat and hamster incisor ameloblasts at the stage of enamel maturation was investigated. Special attention was paid to the distribution of the intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) throughout the ameloblastic layer. The ameloblasts at the stage of enamel maturation were divided into two groups with respect to their distal cell borders: ruffle-ended (RA) and smooth-ended ameloblasts (SA). In the ameloblastic layer, SA were distributed as several band-like structures (SA bands) which ran transversely or obliquely along the distal surface of the ameloblastic layer. Intravenously injected HRP permeated the intercellular spaces of SA and reached the surface of the enamel, however it did not penetrate the distal junctions of RA. Five min after the injection, HRP was incorporated into the cytoplasmic vesicles of RA, while no incorporation was shown in SA. After 1 hr, however, HRP was incorporated into the incisal one-third of the ameloblasts in each SA-band. Acid phosphatase activity (p-nitrophenylphosphatase) was shown in the cytoplasmic vesicles, both in RA and SA. The most intense alkaline phosphatase activity was located on the ruffled border of RA, while no activity was detected on the unmodified apices of SA. Contact microradiography revealed a gradual increase of the radio opacity of enamel towards the incisal direction independent of the alternating changes of overlaying RA and SA. However, the fluorescence of injected tetracycline showed intense labelling at the portions of enamel which corresponded to RA. The portions of enamel being overlayed by SA were located in between such labelled areas and showed only faint fluorescence of tetracycline. These results suggest that, RA actively degrade, resorb and then digest the organic matrices of the enamel and also transport minerals into the enamel. It is also suggested that SA are formed from the RA which have become inactive metabolically and here the exhausted cytoplasmic organelles seem to be renewed and reactivated. PMID- 7235869 TI - Effects of pregnancy and lactation on the peripheral lymphatic tissue in the mouse: qualitative and quantitative morphology. AB - Effects of pregnancy and lactation on the spleen and the mesenteric, iliac, axillary and popliteal lymph nodes in the mouse were morphologically examined by means of qualitative and quantitative methods. During pregnancy the spleen weight increases to reach a peak at 15 days of pregnancy. After parturition the weight decreases gradually until 20 days postpartum when it has returned to almost normal. Both the red and white pulps increase in volume during pregnancy. After parturition, the volume of the white pulp rapidly returns to normal. The volume of the red pulp remains greater in lactating females than in control females. In non-lactating females the red pulp decreases rapidly in volume after parturition. In the spleen, plasma cells increase in number during pregnancy, and often contain Russell bodies. They are accumulated in large numbers particularly in the marginal zone and periarterial area. After parturition plasma cells decrease rapidly in number. The weight of the mesenteric lymph node undergoes a slight but a significant increase during pregnancy, and decreases in both the lactating and non-lactating groups after parturition. During pregnancy the medulla shows an increase in volume, and the medullary cords are filled with numerous plasma cells. At 10--15 days of pregnancy, plasma cells also occur in groups in the paracortex. They decrease rapidly after parturition. During pregnancy plasma cells are also markedly increased in iliac lymph nodes, but not in axillary and popliteal lymph nodes. The findings were discussed particularly in relation to the immune response of the peripheral lymphatic tissue in pregnancy. PMID- 7235870 TI - Fine structural organization of the lateral horn of the rat spinal cord as studied by glyoxylic acid-permanganate fixation. AB - A method combining glyoxylic acid perfusion with potassium permanganate postfixation revealed a moderate number of characteristic axon terminals including noradrenaline storage granules in the rat thoracic segmental lateral horn (Th1, Th3, Th6, Th9, Th12). The region showed two kinds of cells: the one (principal cell) was characterized by a remarkably indented nucleus, many mitochondria and long endoplasmic reticulum, and the other by markedly developed short endoplasmic reticulum to increase its cytoplasmic density. The axon terminals observed on lateral horn cells could be roughly divided into four types depending upon the shape and size of the synaptic vesicles included and their contents: type I contained many small and a few large granular vesicles. Type II mainly had many large vesicles with diffuse contents and hardly noticeable cores or granules; type III included only small spherical vesicles without any granules; the rare type IV had flattened vesicles with small and large granular vesicles. Type I, type II and type III contacted not only the soma and dendrites of the principal cells but also each other, forming a so-called "cluster," which suggested an axo-axonic contact. No difference could be observed between each level of the thoracic lateral horn (Th1, Th3, Th6, Th9, Th12) in terms of noradrenaline granules and synaptic organization. Occasionally, the contacts of a certain process were observed which resembled a dendrite, including short endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomal dense bodies and large and small vesicles with a dendrite of the principal cell. These findings corresponded to the present data of innervation of abundant amine fibers descending through the dorsal half of the lateral funiculus to accumulate around lateral horn cells by the histofluorescent method. PMID- 7235868 TI - Demonstration of projections from locus coeruleus to supraoptic nucleus by the HRP method with special reference to cell types in the rat. AB - Histochemical studies have been conducted on the distribution of labeled neurons in the rat pons at the level of the locus coeruleus after HRP injections into the supraoptic nucleus. In all the fifteen cases in which the supraoptic nucleus was found to be included in the injection site, labeled neurons were detected in the locus coeruleus whereas in the other nine cases in which the injection site was outside the supraoptic nucleus, labeled neurons were not detected in the locus coeruleus. Six cases having the injection site successfully localized within the supraoptic nucleus showed definitely a few labeled multipolar neurons only in the ipsilateral locus coeruleus. These findings demonstrate the presence of an efferent projection arising from the locus coeruleus to the ipsilateral supraoptic nucleus. It is suggested that mainly multipolar neurons in both divisions of this nucleus may contribute to this projection. There remains a possibility that the locus coeruleus may project to the supraoptic nucleus on the contralateral side. PMID- 7235871 TI - Giant cell tumors in combination with other primary bone tumors. AB - Three cases featuring the coincidence of 2 different primary bone tumors at the same site are presented. In 2 cases, the combination was not one of giant cell tumor and enchondroma, in the 3rd one, of giant cell tumor and non-ossifying fibroma. The patho-genetical and prognostical problems of these cases are discussed. PMID- 7235872 TI - Ventral capsular denervation. An operative treatment of periarthropathia humero scapularis. AB - Based on the neuro-anatomical situation and clinical observations a new method has been developed to treat the chronically recurrent humero-scapular periarthropathy together with a contraction of the joint and sometimes tendinitis and subacromial bursitis. The new method, a ventral denervation of the capsule, causes an immediate and continuing decrease or elimination of the pain in the shoulder. An increased and painless mobilization is possible until the extensive or even total rehabilitation of the joint function. Twenty shoulder joints have been treated in 19 patients. Within a period of 12 until 28 months 12 of them became continuously painless, 2 improved considerably and 4 satisfactorily. Depending on the initial clinical result the function could be restored in 85% of the patients approximately or even totally. PMID- 7235873 TI - Radiographic examination of the large tendons of the knee and ankle joints. AB - The authors present some interesting cases to illustrate the diagnostic potential of soft tissue radiography on the knee and ankle joints. Radiographs using the special soft tissue technique provide significant diagnostic assistance to estimate the morphologic alterations and give an objective basis for determining the disability of the patient. PMID- 7235874 TI - Fractures in children with myelomeningocele. AB - During the last years the advances of neurosurgery and urology have completely changes the prognosis of children with myelomeningocele. To the orthopedic surgeons these patients represent a great challenge in order to correct lower limb deformities, these children have a high incidence of leg fractures. some of the fractures show an unusual pattern of repair, characterized by healing with excessive callus formation which can be confused with tumor, osteomyelitis or other diseases of the bone. PMID- 7235875 TI - The effect of the combined use of a clean air system and one day prophylactic administration of cefamandole in total hip replacement. AB - 238 patients undergoing primary total hip replacement had on a routine basis both "clean air system" prophylactic conditions and a one day lasting prophylactic Cefamandole treatment on the day of surgery. All patients had a follow-up during at least one year; the follow-up in some patients was up to 25 months. Deep infections were not seen in any of the patients and E.S.R. returned to normal values one year after the intervention in all patients. Superficial wound infections were seen in 2% of the patients. One fifth of the patients had significant bacteriuria on the day of the intervention. This did not seem to have any implication. In our series both laminar air flow and prophylactic administration of Cefamandole on the day of intervention give an adequate prophylactic coverage to prevent the dangerous deep infection as a complication in total hip surgery. PMID- 7235878 TI - [On the cause of the anterolateral instability of the knee joint. A study on 20 cadaver knee joints with special regard to the tractus iliotibialis (author's transl)]. AB - Experiments on 20 cadaver knee joints are reported on. A short medial incision was made to transect the anterior cruciate ligament. Through a long lateral incision the lateral structures (lateral capsule, lateral collateral ligament, and iliotibial tract) were transected in variable series to check their influence on the pivot shift-sign. The results are tabulated. The anterior cruciate ligament is shown to be the key structure for the pivot shift-sign. This sign is only markedly positive when the lateral structures are intact. Depending on the pattern of transection of the lateral structures the pivot shift-sign is less marked or totally absent. It is also shown why this sign is missing in the unhappy triad. Because the intact distal part of the iliotibial tract is responsible for the pivot shift-sign, a detailed description of its anatomy and physiology is given. PMID- 7235876 TI - Non-urogenital abdominal complications associated with fractures of the pelvis. PMID- 7235877 TI - Creatine kinase in tibial shaft fractures. Serum creatine kinase levels in patients with tibial shaft fractures. AB - The creatine kinase (CK) activity of the serum of 33 male and 24 female patients with tibial shaft fractures has been assayed. In 40 of the 57 patients the CK level surpassed the maximal normal limit of 1.7 mukat/l. Patients with fractures due to direct violence had significantly higher levels than those with fractures due to indirect violence. When the fracture was displaced the CK level was more often abnormal than when there was no displacement. Patients with extensive swelling of the injured leg had significantly higher levels than patients with minor or no swelling. CK determinations could be used to quantify muscle injury. PMID- 7235879 TI - Fracture hip prostheses due to welding defects. AB - Two retrieved Moore type hip prostheses of cast Co-Cr-Mo-alloy were examined after metallic failure. The first case concerns a fatigue fracture in the stem of the prosthesis due to an abrupt change in the cross-sectional area and the presence of inappropriate welding beads in the stem. The abrupt change occurring at a transition from an I-beam into a rectangular profile gives rise to stress concentrations thus increasing change of fatigue crack initiation. The second case is a fracture of the hollow head of the prosthesis through a weld. The two parts of the cast femoral head were incompletely welded. Comparison with similar welds in other femoral heads of prostheses of the same type reveals a poor welding uniformity. Hence, both fractures are associated with the welding process. A critical investigation is needed to find optimal welding conditions for Co-Cr-Mo-alloy prostheses. PMID- 7235880 TI - [The experimental measurement of torque and axial force of 6.5 mm ASIF lag screws in fixation of femoral neck fractures (author's transl)]. AB - An experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the torque and axial force of the 6.5 mm ASIF lag screw implanted in the femoral neck after a subcapital osteotomy. The experiments were carried out on autopsied bones of more than 60 years of age. The average torque was 204 cmN, the screws in the upper half of the femoral head showing a higher torque than those in the lower half. The axial tension was measured by strain gauge transducer. Depending on the length of the thread of the screw (16 or 32 mm) the average tension reaches 1162 N or 1960 N. By tightening the screw until the impression of optimum fit is obtained, 70% of the maximum axial force is reached. It can therefore be estimated that at the beginning an interfragmentary pressure of 4000 to 8000 N is exerted on a medial femoral neck fracture fixed by four ASIF lag screws. PMID- 7235881 TI - [The effect of circulation on the polymerizing temperature of Palacos. An experimental study (author's transl)]. AB - In our experiments we implanted Palacos-cubes of 1 cm3 to both hind legs of 31 (bastard-)dogs. Circulation of one leg was stopped by means of a tourniquet and the temperature of the cement was registered while polymerizing. Evaluation of the temperature measurements showed results which were nearly identical on both sides. The histological findings revealed that necrosis of bone and the thickness of the fibrous tissue built at the bone-cement interface was subject only to the maximum temperature. In our opinion an increased damage caused by the interruption of blood flow during operation is not to be expected. PMID- 7235882 TI - Traumatic hip dislocation with fracture of the ipsilateral femoral shaft in childhood. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Ipsilateral concomitant hip dislocation and femoral shaft fracture in childhood is extremely rare. A further case and a literature review, with 35 additional observations are presented. The dislocation was initially missed in more than 50% of cases, but when immediately diagnosed, closed reduction manoeuvres were effective in all observations but one, and results were rated normal. As delayed reduction predisposes to avascular necrosis, every child with a femoral shaft fracture should be given a routine X-rays of pelvis, including lateral hip views, as a safeguard against missing an associated hip dislocation. If present, its urgent closed reduction is imperious. In case of failure, closed or open purchasing of the proximal shaft fragment to allow a sort of skeletal-handling is to be used. Open reduction of the dislocation is to be regarded as the third-line procedure. PMID- 7235883 TI - Vascular compression of the duodenum (cast syndrome) associated with the treatment of spinal deformities. A report of six cases. AB - Vascular compression of the duodenum, the so-called cast syndrome, which is due to the mechanical compression of the third part of the duodenum from the superior mesenteric artery, was developed postoperatively in six patients treated for their spine deformities. The early recognition of the clinical signs of the obstructive ileus and the proper conservative treatment proved efficient for five of the patients, and only in one laparotomy and duodeno-jejunostomy were inevitable due to the severity and persistency of the symptoms. The purpose of this report is to record these cases describing the clinical manifestations, the treatment, and the pathogenesis of the vascular compression of the duodenum which may occur during the treatment of the spine deformities. PMID- 7235884 TI - An unusual case of osteosclerosis. PMID- 7235885 TI - ACRM presidential address. On interdisciplinary peers. PMID- 7235887 TI - Rocker shoe as walking aid in multiple sclerosis. AB - Evaluation of rocker shoes as a walking aid for multiple sclerosis patients included a mechanical analysis of the shoes, establishment of clinical criteria for appropriate patient selection, and laboratory gait measurements of patients with and without rocker shoes. Patient fitting demonstrated that the most significant measurement, the roll point, must be about 2cm proximal to the 1st metatarsal head. A snug fit as well as the addition of a heel strap was required to hold the shoe on the foot so its mechanical assistance was consistent. Rocker shoes were effective only in patients who still retained the ability to walk independently; retention of adequate hip and calf strength proved critical. Basic gait deficit was plantar flexion less than 15 degree while standing, leading to knee hypertension and forward trunk leaning, inadequate knee flexion and toe drag in swing, general awkwardness and fatigue. Gait improvement with the rocker shoes varied with clinical classification. Normal velocity and stride characteristic in rocker shoes were accompanied by a marked decrease in net energy cost. A mean saving of 150% of normal energy was gained with rocker shoes. PMID- 7235886 TI - Multiple sclerosis: early prognostic guidelines. AB - To determine tentative early prognostic indicators in multiple sclerosis (MS), literature dealing with MS prognosis and rehabilitation, the records of University of Washington MS Clinic patients, and the opinions of directors of MS Clinics throughout the United States were reviewed. From a review of more than 200 books and articles, as well as MS clinic records, 13 indicators were identified. Characteristics reported as indicating a relatively good prognosis were: 35 years of age or less at onset, current ambulatory ability, monosymptomatic onset, sudden appearance of symptoms, initial remission within 1 month, most recent but less than 2 months, little or no residual deficit after each exacerbation, absence of extensor plantar reflexes and cerebellar signs at initial examination, optic neuritis or other sensory symptom as the sole presenting symptom, absence of initial motor symptoms and pyramidal and cerebellar signs minimal 5 years after onset. The 30 MS clinic directors responding to the survey felt that useful indicators, in order of their usefulness, were: current ambulatory ability, minimal pyramidal and cerebellar signs 5 years after onset, good remission of initial symptoms, prompt resolution of initial symptoms, age 35 or less at onset, only 1 symptom occurring during the 1st year, sudden appearance of initial symptoms, brief duration of the most recent exacerbation, and absence of cerebellar signs at initial examination. In addition to identifying tentative early prognostic indicators, this paper also outlines a simple method of quantifying the level of disability and outlines typical disease courses and rehabilitation service needs in MS. PMID- 7235888 TI - Isokinetic fatigue curves at different contractile velocities. AB - Twenty-five male volunteers were tested isokinetically for knee extension fatigability. A series of 10 maximal knee extensions were performed at 4 different contractile velocities: 60 degrees, 150 degrees, and 300 degrees/sec. Isokinetic fatigue curves were plotted for each of the test conditions. The degradation of torque values was expressed as a percentage of each subject's maximum torque value at that particular contractile speed. The results of the investigation indicate that (1) the isokinetic fatigue curve for knee extension appears to be linear during the initial stages of the fatiguing process; and (2) fatigue curves for knee extension appear to be identical regardless of the contractile velocity selected for investigation. PMID- 7235889 TI - Structure and ultrastructure of mechanoreceptors at the human musculotendinous junction. AB - The structure and ultrastructure of 122 lamellated corpuscles and 33 Golgi tendon organs (GTO) from adult human musculotendinous junctions were studied by light microscope and electron microscope techniques. One Meissner corpuscle from a human fingertip was examined for comparison. At the musculotendinous junction the axon terminals of the GTO were observed in direct contact with the tendon collagen. The lamellated corpuscles were located in the connective tissue surrounding the musculotendinous junction. The axon terminals of the lamellated corpuscles were separated from the surrounding tissues by the inner core lamellar cell processes and the capsule layers. A great variation in the structure of both types of receptors was observed. The lamellated corpuscles that were found close to the musculotendinous junction and the GTO may respond simultaneously to muscular contraction, thus providing proprioceptive feedback for sensorimotor control from within the tendon and from the tissues surrounding the musculotendinous junction. Mechanoreceptors found in dermis, subcutaneous and deep tissues can be classified into 2 broad groups. This practical morphologic classification is based on the characteristics of the sensory nerve terminals which have been found to be in contact with the surrounding tissue (muscle spindle, GTO) or with the lamellar cell processes (Vater, Pacini, Meissner), rather than the inconsistent features of the entire receptor such as the size, the shape, or the encapsulation. PMID- 7235890 TI - Hemicorporectomy for functional rehabilitation. AB - Hemicorporectomy is usually performed as a last resort for life-threatening diseases. A case is reported in which this deforming traumatic procedure was performed in a 66-year-old man for functional and rehabilitation reasons rather than life-saving indications. The indications for the procedure, the patient's decision-making, the preoperative preparation of the patient, both physically and psychologically, the preparation of the family and the rehabilitation procedures are summarized. PMID- 7235891 TI - Head positioning device for applying halo traction. PMID- 7235892 TI - Intercostal muscle test. PMID- 7235893 TI - Identification of myofascial trigger point syndromes: a case of atypical facial neuralgia. AB - Myofascial trigger points (TPs) in a muscle are usually activated by acute or chronic overload of the muscle. They are identified by objective and subjective findings. Objective signs include a palpably firm, tense band in the muscle, production of a local twitch response, restricted stretch range-of-motion, weakness without atrophy, and no neurologic deficit. Subjectively, the patient reports stiffness and easy fatigability, spontaneous pain in a distribution predictable for that TP, an exquisite deep tenderness specifically at the TP. Sustained pressure on the TP induces referred pain in the predicted pattern. Some muscles are likely to produce additional objective and subjective autonomic concomitants. Laboratory and radiographic findings are negative. The affected muscle is treated by passive stretch while a jet stream of vapocoolant spray is applied over it, or by injection of the TP with a local anesthetic. A case report describes in detail the treatment of a patient who, for 13 years, had suffered from a medically enigmatic, intense right facial pain with severe dysfunction and who is now pain-free, with a full schedule of unrestricted activities 23 years later. PMID- 7235894 TI - Myofascial trigger point syndromes in the practice of rheumatology. AB - Pain referred from a muscle can mimic both pain from a joint and radicular pain associated with disease of spinal joints, leading to mistakes in diagnosis and in treatment. When articular disease is present, it predisposes to myofascial trigger point (TP) syndromes. With arthritis, TPs in muscles may result from decreased mobility with prolonged shortening of muscles, from abnormal mechanical stress on muscles and from stimuli arising in diseased joints. During examination for signs of myofascial disorders, the numbers of tender points and of local twitch responses in women with rheumatoid arthritis were twice those found in women free of any rheumatic illness. It is important to consider this high frequency of myofascial syndromes in persons with arthritis, when treating pain or weakness which could be due to the muscles rather than the joints. Conversely, it has been proposed, on theoretical and clinical grounds, that muscular TPs can cause joint disease. This hypothesis has important implications for the treatment of arthritis. PMID- 7235895 TI - Electromyographic and histologic paraspinal abnormalities in polymyositis/dermatomyositis. AB - A 2-year study was undertaken which identified 60 patients who had an abnormal electromyogram (EMG), muscle biopsy, and/or clinical examination suggestive of myopathy. The clinical records were reviewed, and 12 patients were found to fulfill the criteria of Bohan and Peter for definite diagnosis of polymyositis or dermatomyositis. Electromyography was performed on distal and proximal muscles including the paraspinals on 1 side of the body. Biopsies were taken contralaterally from muscles determined to be abnormal from electrodiagnostic tests. The most significant finding was the degree of involvement of the paraspinal musculature. These muscles showed 1 to 4 plus spontaneous potentials in all 12 patients. Volitional recruitment was early and complete. Mean action potential duration and amplitude decreased, and polyphasia increased. Comparing the degree of electrodiagnostic abnormalities in different muscle groups revealed sole involvement of paraspinals in 1 patient and predominant involvement in 8. Confirmative biopsies were taken from paraspinal muscles of 3 patients. In 1 patient, the biopsy of the paraspinal muscle was positive for myositis while the biceps brachii muscle biopsy proved to be equivocal. Our study emphasizes the EMG and histologic significance of the paraspinal musculature in the diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. PMID- 7235896 TI - Sexual problems of women with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A questionnaire concerning sexual problems was given to 112 female rheumatoid arthritic (RA) patients. Replies were collected from 91 (81%). The results indicated that 1) recently married patients were concerned about pregnancy; 2) the sexual desire of most patients diminished, and intercourse became less frequent and less satisfying; 3) affected hip and knee joints made it difficult to assume sexual intercourse positions; and 4) patients who had unsatisfying sexual relationship reported a decreased demand for intercourse by their spouses and diminished frequency of their own orgasms. To lead a fulfilling married life, patients with RA should be counselled to adopt a positive attitude toward sexual relationship with their husbands. PMID- 7235897 TI - Continuing medical education and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. PMID- 7235898 TI - Detrusor reflex contraction inhibited by anal stretch. AB - Anal stretch has been advocated as a method to overcome detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. In evaluating candidates for this technique, it has been observed that in some cases the detrusor reflex and the external sphincter contraction is inhibited. The detrusor-sphincter unit then assumes a lower motor neuron pattern. This explains the need of the Valsalva and Crede maneuver that had been incorporated in the anal stretch technique to allow dyssynergic patients to void. PMID- 7235899 TI - Electronic assistive devices: their impact on the quality of life of high level quadriplegic persons. AB - The impact of electronic assistive devices (ie, the environmental control system or ECS) on the day-to-day living of high-level quadriplegics (C3-C5) was studied. Twenty male quadriplegic persons (7 ECS users and 13 nonusers) were interviewed using the following material: Activity Pattern Indicators (APIs), Bell Adjustment Inventory, Locus of Control, Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist and McClelland's adaptation of the Thematic Apperception Test. It was found that ECS impact was most clearly demonstrated in the API results. The ECS users made greater use of a variety of adaptive devices to function relatively more independently and with minimal assistance. The users participated in more activities and spent considerably more time educating themselves than the nonusers, who more frequently participated in quiet activities and spent more time in passive recreational activities in residence. Since the ECS and other adaptive devices have a positive impact on the lives of users, patients should be exposed to them as early as possible in their rehabilitation programs to promote their acceptance. Additionally, home planning and equipment ordering should be done conjointly before discharge so that patients and their families do not become acclimated to a less safe and less efficient way of functioning. An assessment protocol consisting of both intrapsychic and behavioral measures (similar to the one presented in this article) is recommended as a comprehensive and systematic way of evaluating both the short- and long-term effects of using assistive devices. PMID- 7235900 TI - Wheelchair cushion modification: device for locating high-pressure regions. AB - Location and geometry of bony prominences must be known in order to modify foam wheelchair cushions to reduce high seating pressures beneath patients susceptible to decubitus ulcers. A portable, adjustable "wheelchair barograph" has been built that will identify high pressure regions clinically by means of light patterns. No electronic readout is required to obtain accurate records of high pressure regions on the seating surface which may be added to the patient's record or used directly to mark locations for cushion modification. PMID- 7235901 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis: a two-axis goniometer to measure metacarpophalangeal laxity. AB - A 2-axis goniometer has been developed which accommodates the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) changes of rheumatoid arthritis and permits accurate measurement of laxity of the MCP joints. Measurements made with the instrument on 51 subjects with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis showed high percentages of intrarater and interrater agreement for repeated trials. These results suggest that, following the methods outlined, the 2-axis goniometer can be used to obtain reliable objective measurements of MCP lateral mobility by 1 or more raters with a minimum of training. PMID- 7235902 TI - Myofascial trigger points: a need for understanding. AB - The muscle pain syndromes caused by myofascial trigger points are beset with a cloud of confusing terminology and confusing concepts. This paper introduces the presentations made at a symposium entitled "Myofascial Trigger Points: Multidisciplinary Facets," at the 55th Annual Session of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine in New Orleans on November 17, 1978. Following a summary of discussions at the end of the symposium, the "Commentary" proposes a set of neurophysiologic mechanisms that may account for most of the clinical phenomena associated with myofascial trigger points. PMID- 7235903 TI - Cardiac rehabilitation: evaluation and intervention less than 6 weeks after myocardial infarction. AB - Twenty-nine patients having myocardial infarction (MI) of recent origin (6 weeks or less) were evaluated and treated using a program in which assessment and progression were based not on generalized data but on the individual responses of each patient. Fourteen patients had complications including left ventricular impairment, continuing ischemia or rhythm disturbances, and 15 did not. Cardiac tolerance for the common self-care activities, walking and light exercise, was objectively defined by 3 levels of functional monitoring. The physician, occupational therapist and physical therapist evaluated the patient's responses to mild exertion, utilizing a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ecg), physical examination, 24-hour monitoring with a portable ecg, self-care evaluation and a modified treadmill screening test. Patient performance was assessed at each stage of testing and individualized activity levels were determined in accordance with cardiac responses. Thus patients progressed at their optimum rate with safety and without loss of time, ie, artificially induced invalidism. Following the 1st self care evaluation, 3 patients were ordered to bedrest for further medical treatment while 26 were cleared for ward activity. When their conditions improved the 3 patients were reevaluated and began the program. The 15 patients without complications had appropriate responses to activity and proceeded to a mild exercise program with minimal observation. Of the 14 with complications, 5 experienced a temporary program interruption and 2 were dropped from the program secondary to severity of complications. The remaining 7 were progressed in the same manner as those without complication. PMID- 7235904 TI - Urinary in vitro sedimentation: effects of nondialyzable components and heparin. AB - To determine whether nondialyzable urinary solids which are rich in hydroxyproline polypeptides, could act as nuclei in the formation of crystal aggregates, urine from patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) was pooled for 7 days and its nondialyzable fraction was separated and lyophilized. The ability of this extract to influence the formation of crystals was tested in vitro in a synthetic urine system. The concentrations of calcium, hydroxyproline, and uric acid, as well as the pH, were varied to simulate a range of possible situations in vitro. In the presence of the extracts, when the pH of the synthetic urine was increased from 5.5 to 6.5, the weight of the sediment decreased; in contrast, when the pH was increased from 7.0 to 8.5, the weight of the sediment increased. A similar synthetic urine system was used to test the effect of heparin, a medication often given SCI patients, on crystallization. In this instance, the pH was not altered. Heparin lowered the weight of sediments formed in solutions with uric acid concentrations of less than 50 mg/dl, but had varying effects in solutions with higher uric acid concentrations. PMID- 7235905 TI - Behavioral approaches to treatment of chronic pain: the inaccuracy of patient self-report measures. AB - This study was designed to examine the accuracy of patient self-report of physical activity and social behavior and a 3X daily log of pain intensity. Concomitantly, staff members made unobtrusive, hourly observations of patient activity and social behavior. Results showed that some patients report significantly lower levels of physical activity and social behavior than observed by staff despite reporting decreased levels of pain. These results suggest that the efficacy of therapeutic intervention is best determined by systematic observational data rather than patient self-report. PMID- 7235906 TI - Hand dominance in carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - In a review of the records of 169 patients having idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) documented by electrodiagnostic studies, CTS was found to occur significantly more frequently in the dominant hand of both right- and left-handed persons. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed, particularly as they relate to the role of repetitive hand activities in the etiology of CTS, and it is concluded that the increased daily activity of the dominant hand is a contributing factor in the development of CTS. PMID- 7235907 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome following automobile collisions. AB - Seven patients developed symptoms and signs of carpal tunnel syndrome after vehicles they were driving were involved in collisions. Nerve conduction studies showed median nerve impairment at the wrist in 4 patients and suggested it in the other three. The presence of carpal tunnel syndrome was confirmed in every patient by the relief of symptoms following surgical division of the volar carpal ligament. The findings suggest that injuries inflicted on nonneural structures of the carpal tunnel when the patient was gripping the steering wheel led to chronic compression of the median nerve within the tunnel. PMID- 7235908 TI - Sensory latencies to the ring finger: normal values and relation to carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - Sensory innervation to the ring finger (digit IV) is generally shared by the digital branches of the median and ulnar nerves. In 74 hand studies on 37 normal adults, all had a recordable response in digit IV upon stimulation of the median and ulnar nerves antidromically 14cm proximally to the recording electrodes. Comparing the median sensory latency to digit IV with the ulnar sensory latency to the same digit, the difference was 0.3msec or less in 93% of the hands. In 18 cases of carpal tunnel syndrome, the difference ranged from 1 to 2.1msec. This procedure may be of value as an easily performed and rapid technique to screen vulnerable nerve syndromes for possible entrapment and to provide baseline data for asymptomatic hands in individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 7235909 TI - Energy expenditure in simulated tasks: comparison between subjects with brain injury and able-bodied persons. AB - Energy expenditure of 7 brain-injured individuals was compared to that of 10 able bodied individuals. Data were collected with the subjects at rest and while performing 4 simulated industrial tasks: material handling, crank rotation, electric switch operation, mechanical assembly. Energy expenditure was determined by measuring oxygen consumption (VO2). Energy usage per unit weight per unit time was calculated for each subject. Over the range of tasks, the brain injured means varied from 0.0396 to 0.0674 kcal/kg/min, while the able-bodied means were between 0.0413 and 0.0849 kcal/kg/min. The cranking task showed the only statistically significant difference for this measure. Total energy use/unit weight was also examined, the brain injured group averaging more energy use during the material handling, switching, and assembly tasks and the able-bodied group averaging more energy use on the cranking task. Two factors explaining these results appear to be motivation and complexity of hand movements for each task. The performance of the brain injured group on the cranking task indicates ways of adapting crank operated control mechanisms for use by the handicapped. PMID- 7235910 TI - Rehabilitation service needs: physicians' perceptions and referrals. AB - A descriptive sample survey of physicians showed that 75% of physicians in an urban area had seen at least 1 patient in the past 6 months who was perceived as needing some type of rehabilitation service, whereas only 8% to 17% of physicians saw more than 25 such patients. Of those physicians who saw such patients, about 15% offered some type of rehabilitation service with their own staff. The great majority of physicians referred of rehabilitation service with their own staff. The great majority of physicians referred such patients elsewhere. Some physicians neither offered rehabilitation services nor referred their patients. A descriptive survey of all hospitals and all health/mental health/rehabilitation/vocational rehabilitation clinics showed that 70% of hospitals and 55% of the clinics offered some outpatient rehabilitation services. Home rehabilitation services were offered by very few organizations. It is concluded that physicians probably do not recognize the extent to which their patients need rehabilitation services and, in addition, may not adequately refer their patients for such services. PMID- 7235911 TI - Undergraduate instruction in physical medicine and rehabilitation. AB - The New York Medical College core curriculum includes a 1-week compulsory course in rehabilitation medicine in the student's senior year. The most common disabilities seen in rehabilitation medicine are discussed. The presentations consist of didactic lectures and patient demonstrations. The program which has evolved over the past 10 years has proved to be successful and has gained recognition from the school and students alike. Instructors teach topics of special interest to them and in which they have particular expertise. A written examination is given at the end of the course. Students also complete an extensive questionnaire which attempts to evaluate the course, compare it with the other rotations, and point out any changes in their attitudes. Of the 103 students who responded to the questionnaire, 75 indicated they achieved a better understanding of physical disability after the coarse, and 32 reported an improved attitude toward disability and improved perception of the field of rehabilitation medicine. Earlier exposure could have influenced the student's choice of a specialty. We believe that we have been allocated adequate time for effective presentation of the basic principles in rehabilitation medicine. However, crucial to attracting young students into the field is rotation through rehabilitation medicine early in their medical training. PMID- 7235912 TI - Primary vaginal calculus in a patient with meningomyelocele. AB - The development of a rare vaginal calculus in a 12-year-old girl with meningomyelocele since birth is attributed to urinary stasis resulting from prolonged urinary incontinence, decubiti of long duration and almost complete lack of medical or rehabilitation care. After surgical removal of the calculus without complications, a series of elective orthopedic procedures has been gradually undertaken and a program of intermittent catheterization has been started. PMID- 7235913 TI - Vacuum as a grasping force. AB - Three lifting systems for small objects were designed using vacuum as an artificial prehensile force. The first system for persons with C4-5 quadriplegia employed a vacuum pump, pneumatic tubing and a customized wrist-hand orthosis. For more severely disabled persons with C4 quadriplegia, the authors adapted this vacuum pick-up system by substituting a lightweight, tubular aluminum mouthstick in place of the orthosis as the primary grasping utensil. A 3rd variation, the suction mouthstick, lifted small objects and turned pages by using only the suction power generated by the person's own inspiratory force without additional mechanical amplification. PMID- 7235914 TI - Paraspinal EMG after laminectomy. PMID- 7235915 TI - Paraosteoarthropathy and HLA. PMID- 7235916 TI - The 30th Coulter Memorial Lecture. Professionalism: a new challenge for rehabilitation. PMID- 7235917 TI - Energy cost of ambulation with crutches. AB - Energy consumption data were obtained on 8 normal subjects ambulating with underarm crutches, using a 3-point gait at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 meters per minute (m.min-1) on level terrain, and 40, 60m.min-1 on a 5% grade, and climbing 19-cm stairs at 16 and 24 steps/minute. The subjects ambulated without crutches at 30, 50, 70m.min-1 on the level, 60m.min-1 on a 5% grade, and stairs at 16 and 24 steps/minute. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and ventilation data were obtained from a portable device. Respiratory quotients were determined from samples of expired gas. Maximal upper extremity(bicycle ergometer) and lower extremity (treadmill) stress tests were determined. The energy cost (oxygen consumption) VO2.wt-1 (ml.min-1.kg-1) of ambulating with underarm crutches compared to normal walking was approximately twice as great. The heart rate (HR) and VO2 for any given rate of vertical rise tested was less with crutch stair climbing than with crutch walking. There was no difference in VO2 or HR when ambulating with underarm compared to forearm (Lofstrand) crutches. PMID- 7235918 TI - Cardiovascular stress of crutch walking. AB - The cardiovascular (CV) stress of crutch walking was studied in 8 normal subjects ambulating with under arm crutches at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80m.min-1 on the level, at 40 and 60m.min-1 up a 5% grade, and climbing stairs at the rate of 16 and 24 stairs/min. A progressive exercise stress test was performed on each subject using a hand-cranked bicycle ergometer for the upper extremities and treadmill for the lower extremities. Heart rates (HR) were significantly higher than in normal walking at equivalent O2 uptake (VO2) levels. The HR slope versus VO2 for each crutching activity was similar to that obtained for the upper extremities stress test. This suggests that crutching acts as an upper extremity activity in terms of CV stress. Using the ventilatory equivalent (VE/(VO2), the estimated anaerobic threshold point started at 60m.min-1 for level crutching. It was estimated that a subject with a pulse rate limit of 140bpm could either crutch at 60m.min-1 (2.2mi.hr-1) or run at 134m.min-1 (5mi.hr-1). PMID- 7235919 TI - Quality of life: some measurement requirements. AB - The current view of quality of life as subjective responses is briefly reviewed. A new view emphasizing quality of life as the reciprocal relationships between persons and their environments is presented conceptually. This ecological view of quality of life is illustrated by summarizing 2 analyses conducted on a large archive of detailed data descriptive of the actual functional performance of 15 patients with spinal cord injury during 1st hospitalization for comprehensive rehabilitation. The 1st analysis identifies generic dimensions of patients' behavior during hospitalization. These behavioral vital signs represent the minimum requirements for measuring quality of life. The 2nd analysis demonstrates that the measures of performance during hospitalization have an extremely high level of predictive validity in the community or postdischarge environment. Thus, the minimum requirements for measuring quality of life should include measures of actual functioning along the generic dimensions. PMID- 7235920 TI - Muscle and serum enzymes and isoenzymes in muscular dystrophies. AB - Total activity of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), aldolase (Ald), glutamico-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and LD-isoenzyme distribution was studied in serum and muscle biopsies from normal persons and 117 patients with different types of muscular dystrophy: 82 Duchenne type (DMD), 12 BEcker type, 7 facioscapulohumeral (FSHMD), and 16 limb girdle (LGMD). Total enzyme activity in sera and muscle homogenates was determined by spectrophotometric assays. LD isoenzymes were separated by electrophoresis on agarose gel plates in barbital buffer (pH 8.6), scanned and quantitated. The amounts of the 2 types (M and H) of LD isoenzymes were calculated and the ratio of M/H in serum and muscle was used as an index to differentiate among the types of muscular dystrophy. Serum enzyme activity was elevated to variable degrees reflecting a corresponding decrease in muscle enzymes in the different muscular dystrophies. Patterns of LD isoenzymes in serum and muscle were specific to each type of muscle disease. Increase in serum LD5 (the muscle LD fraction) was a common feature in muscle damage. Changes in the amounts of M and H types in the subunits of LD correlated to the existence and severity of muscle damage. The mean muscle M/H ratio was 6.4 in controls, 1.8 in early DMD, 0.1 in late DMD, 3.0 in Becker type, 3.8 in FSHMD and 3.9 in LGMD. The muscle LD isoenzyme distribution in DMD showed a shift toward a more aerobic fetal muscle pattern. This is a result of the gradual disappearance of the mature anaerobic LD-type (M) and the increase in synthesis of the aerobic fetal LD-type (H) during the progression of the disease. This report provides a comparative study of the LD isoenzyme patterns in muscular dystrophies which may help in differential diagnosis. PMID- 7235921 TI - Social support and post-burn adjustment. AB - Interviews were conducted with 314 persons who had sustained burns and were treated at a major burn center between 1956 and 1976. The interviews covered standard socioeconomic data and post-burn life patterns including the number of weeks lost to employment or education. The data indicate that social support is both directly and indirectly related to patients' post-burn adjustment. Measures of social support from family, friends, and peers were significantly related to several subjectively assessed outcomes, such as life satisfaction, self-esteem and participation in social and recreational activities. There was also evidence that social support moderates the rehabilitation process independent of the severity of the burn injury. The findings tend to challenge the commonly held belief that psychosocial rehabilitation needs are monotonically related to the severity of the injury. PMID- 7235922 TI - Nutritional assessment in a rehabilitation unit. AB - Forty-nine consecutive patient admissions to a rehabilitation unit were evaluated by a nutritional assessment team. Measured parameters included serum albumin, height, weight, 24-hour protein and calorie intake, and response to 4 antigens (purified protein derivative, streptokinase/streptodornase, trichophyton, candida) administered by intradermal injections. Patients were classified normal (albumin greater than or equal to 3.5 gm%, positive skin tests, normal weight), Kwashiorkor (albumin less than 3.5gm%, anergic skin tests, no weight loss), marasmus (albumin greater than or equal to 3.5gm%, anergic skin tests, weight loss greater than 101lb (4.54kg) or obesity (greater than 130% ideal body weight). Protein-calories malnutrition (marasmus or kwashiorkor) was found in 34 (67%) of the patients. Only 15 patients (33%) satisfied criteria for normal nutritional status at the time of admission. Four subjects satisfied the criteria for both obesity and kwashiorkor. Because of the increased morbidity and mortality associated with protein-calorie malnutrition, all patients admitted to a rehabilitation unit should have a nutritional assessment. If the assessment demonstrates malnutrition, a program of metabolic support should be initiated to increase protein levels and restore immune competence. PMID- 7235923 TI - Hydrotherapy: an outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infections related to Hubbard tank treatments. AB - During a 2-week period, Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infections developed in 11 patients, 10 of whom had had hydrotherapy in Hubbard tanks before isolation of the organism from their wounds. All 10 patients had clinical evidence of disease including a temperature of greater than 100.4F, purulent wound drainage and positive culture for P. aeruginosa. These 10 patients comprised almost 60% of all patients who had received hydrotherapy during these 2 weeks. The index case had extensive cellulitis of the leg and positive wound cultures for P. aeruginosa throughout the epidemic period. Investigation revealed that the outbreak had begun coincident with the discontinuation of the use of sodium hypochlorite as a tank disinfectant and had stopped when its use had been resumed. The temporal association between the start and end of the epidemic and the use of sodium hypochlorite indicates that this agent may prevent cross-contamination and infection among patients receiving hydrotherapy. PMID- 7235924 TI - Sexual functioning in stroke survivors. AB - Investigation of sexual interest, function and attitudes of 35 patients (24 men and 11 women) before and after stroke showed no significant changes in sexual interest or desire for either men or women. However, men experienced significant decrease in ability to achieve erection and to ejaculate, and all of the 5 women who were premenopausal at the time of stroke reported major alterations in menses. Only 1 woman reported orgasm following stroke. Nineteen (79%) of the men and eight (73%) of th women reported sexual function to be of importance to themselves while all of the men and eight (73%) of the women believed it to be of importance to others of their age. The findings from this small sample indicate that although the majority of stroke survivors maintain consistent levels of sexual desire and believe that sexual function is important, most will experience sexual dysfunction following stroke. The sexual problems experienced by post stroke patients appear to be of sufficient magnitude and frequency to warrant further investigation. PMID- 7235925 TI - Behavioral management of a neurologically impaired pediatric inpatient. AB - Neurologically-impaired pediatric inpatients often require behavioral management to facilitate attendance and performance in physical, occupational, and speech therapies. Nursing management of such patients can be simplified by the use of behavioral analysis techniques. This paper reports a case in which the patient's own behaviors along with verbal reinforcement were used to reinforce appropriate behavior patterns in a child who presented several management problems. There was improvement during behavioral sessions with generalization of desired behavior to the nursing floor and to therapy sessions. Analysis of desired or target behaviors and the levels of consciousness schema facilitated behavioral programming. This case study demonstrates how careful attention to behavioral details can improve the behavioral repertoire of a patient who would otherwise be very disruptive and not a good rehabilitation candidate. A behavioral analysis system using the Premack principle and levels of consciousness schema can be applied more generally to the behavioral management of neurologically impaired inpatients. PMID- 7235926 TI - Dynamometry and muscle disease. PMID- 7235927 TI - [Aspects of liver damage after experimental administration of some drugs. Preliminary note]. AB - Rabbits treated with therapeutical dosages of five widely prescribed drug (indomethacin, isoniazid, lorazepam, tolbutamide, clofibrate) show ultrastructural changes within live cells which are inhibited by concomitant administration of silymarin. PMID- 7235928 TI - [The effect of phenobarbital on anti-mitotic activity of vincristine and colchicine. Experimental study]. AB - The effect of phenobarbital on vincristine and colchicine antimitotic activity has been studied. The number of mitotic figures present in the rat bone marrow and Galeazzi-Lieberkuhn cripts has been used to evaluate the overall proliferative activity of these cell populations. The administration of phenobarbital brought a reduction in the percentage of arrested mitoses in rat bone marrow and intestinal glands after treatment with vincristine and colchicine. Parallel studies on the phenobarbital effect on the LD50 and LD100 of vincristine and colchicine confirmed a decreased toxicity of these agents in the animals pretreated with phenobarbital. PMID- 7235929 TI - [Radiologist-pattern interaction in the processing of fluoroscopic images]. AB - The great complexity of interactions among radiologist, patient and radiological apparatus, when performing radiological tests, is perhaps the main cause of difficulties in the development of automatic systems, both for classification and quantification of radiological images, and for documentation and retrieval of radiological images. The result of such interactions is not a "plate", but a diagnosis, very often the "plate" does not even coincide with the radiological investigation, if this term implies a linkage with the perceptual mechanisms of the radiologist. In other words, the "plate" provides the radiologist with the elements to achieve an interpretation of the image, which will then lead to the diagnosis. In view of a foreseeable spreading of economical medical informatics methodologies, an aim of the present work is stressing the importance of the interactions between medical operators and information processing systems, to select relevant parameters for diagnosis. Sequences of images (originally taken by a movie camera) are presented, which relate to the motor activity of digestive apparatus segments. Processing stresses some of their morpho-dynamic features. PMID- 7235930 TI - [Length of remission and survival in a group of patients with malignant lymphomas]. AB - The survival and the remission length of a group of 122 adult patients with lymphomas have been studied: 45 Hodgkin (HG) and 77 non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHG). The difference between the survival medians of the two groups turned out statistically significant (74.5 for HG cases and 43 for NHG). Non significant survival differences were detected among HG with "favourable" and those with "non favourable" histology. Determinant for the survival was the obtention of the complete remission both in HG and in NHG. As far as the treatment is concerned in relation to the stage, HG were broken down into three groups: radiotherapy alone, chemo + radiotherapy, chemotherapy only. The highest percentage of complete remissions (RC) was obtained in the group chemo + radiotherapy (100% of the treated) versus 80% on the group with the only radiotherapy and 53.3% of that with the only chemotherapy. The median length of the RC was, however, higher in the patients treated with chemotherapy alone. After relapse a new RC easily obtained with chemotherapeutic treatment in the patients treated with only radiotherapy in comparison with those already submitted to chemotherapy. As far as NHG is concerned, they were broken down according to the main histotype in lymphocytic and histiocytic. The groups, according to the treatment turned out two: radiotherapy plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone. The difference between the survival medians turned out highly statistically significant (43 and 36 cases respectively). Also statistically significant, but in favor of th histiocytic cases, the percentage of the patients who maintained the CR (27 cases the lymphocytic versus 60 for the histiocytic) this in agreement with the literature data, according to which, even being the histotypes with the most unfavourable prognosis, the histiocytic, once attained the CR, tend to maintain the same, more longer in time, in comparison with the forms with favourable histology. The chemotherapeutic combinations employed by us are subsequently outlined extensively. PMID- 7235931 TI - [Behavior of hemodynamic and blood-gas parameters after intravenous salbutamol]. AB - The haemodynamic effects of salbutamol were studied in 14 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease with a single dose of 100 and 200 gamma, administered by i.v. injection. The results of study revealed salbutamol intravenous injection significantly increases heart rate, cardiac index and decreases vascular systemic resistance. There was no significant change in blood gas tensions. This study indicates that salbutamol produces variation in preload and afterload by a direct action on vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 7235932 TI - [Polygraphic study of systolic rates after intravenous administration of salbutamol]. AB - The effects of salbutamol on the polygraphic pattern were studied in 10 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Salbutamol, administered by i.v. injection in a single dose of 100 gamma, caused an increase of heart rate, a decrease of PEP (by decrease in the TCI), a decrease of the Wessler's index and an increase of ejection fraction. These results suggest that salbutamol produces an improvement in cardiac function either by a direct inotropic action or by an afterload decrease. PMID- 7235933 TI - [Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function after intravenous administration of salbutamol]. AB - Changes in the main parameters of left ventricular function by comparison with the baselines were examined echocardiography in 11 patients after a single i.v. dose of salbutamol. The results suggest that salbutamol certainly has peripheral vascular effects leading to changes in ventricular volumes. The drug also appears to exert a positive intropic action, as shown by the changes it induced in EF and, more particularly VCF values. PMID- 7235934 TI - [New method of percutaneous implantation of a definitive pacemaker]. AB - The Authors present a new method for the installation of a definitive pacemaker with a percutaneous puncture in the sub-clavian vein. According to the Authors, this method is reserved, in alternative to the other stimulations, to the subjects with the venous anomalies or with difficulties of the electrocatheter introduction through the usual ways or for defect of disponibility of the venous vessels already sacrificed in previous operations. This allows to reduce the number of patients to send to the cardiosurgeon for a myoepicardic stimulation. PMID- 7235935 TI - [Pathological changes in serum bile acids in acute and chronic hepatitis]. AB - In view of the current interest in changes in serum bile acids during diseases of the liver, an assessment was made of their prognostic significance, following their determination with standard hospital laboratory equipment. Increases over normal values were found to be related to the degree of liver cell damage, i.e. maximal in acute forms, and decidedly lower in aggressive chronic and persistent hepatitis and silent cirrhosis. The results are regarded as an encouragement to experiment new, quicker methods of determination. PMID- 7235936 TI - [Ultrastructural diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma]. PMID- 7235937 TI - [Evaluation of serum hexose phosphate isomerase (HPT) in the diagnosis of neoplastic disease]. PMID- 7235938 TI - [Multiple sclerosis: epidemiological research in the province of Varese]. AB - Epidemiological research has been carried out on multiple sclerosis in the province of Varese. The index of prevalence of the disease at 31-12-1975 was 24.176%. The geomedical figures for the province are reported and a comparison made with similar research carried out in 1966. The clinical aspects of the disease are discussed in relation to a group of patients from other Italian provinces. PMID- 7235939 TI - [Investigation of subjects exposed to mercury nitrate]. AB - Tests have been carried out on 50 ex-workers of a hat-factory who had been exposed to mercury nitrate in order to investigate whether a symptomatological pattern attributable to professional exposure would be still present as a consequence of long term exposure and after a long latency period. Because of the small number of examined workers, the collected data have been compared with those of a control group in order to assess the significance of the results. The incidence of subjective and objective signs has been detected to be higher in female group. The symptoms and objective signs may only partially be included in the chronic hydrargiric pattern described by many Authors. These signs are not so marked as to be expected from heavy hydrargiric chronic poisoning and they include: changes in the oral cavity, psychic erethism and neurologycal signs of sensibility impairment. PMID- 7235940 TI - [Streptococcus antibodies in various population groups with no apparent signs of streptococcal infection. Sero-epidemiological evaluation]. AB - ASO- and streptozyme (STZ) antibodies were evaluated in about 2000 subjects: apparently healthy persons, persons in hospital, members of the armed forces, puerperae and their newborns. STZ antigen was found to be more sensitive than ASO; statistically much higher than STZ- and ASO+. The results were coincident (75%-90%) in subjects with normal antibody levels and those with "pathological" titres. PMID- 7235941 TI - [Alcohol consumption in a hospital population. Relationship of dose and liver damage]. AB - We have performed a prospective study on 291 male non alcoholic-patients admitted in the General Hospital of Arezzo, drinkers of more than 100 ml of alcohol for day. We have evaluated the toxic effects on the liver and we found a direct correlation between dose and hepatic lesions. The factors body weight, period of drinking, way of drinking (during eating or not) seem to have no value to determinate the hepatic damage. The Authors think that this kind of investigation is important to elaborate preventive program not only for the "psichiatric" alcoholism, but for the danger of the excessive amount of wine normally consumed in the diet from high percentage of Italian people. PMID- 7235942 TI - [Chronic obstructive lung diseases and arterial hypertension]. AB - 800 clinical cards of patients whose discharge diagnosis was chronic bronchopathy and essential hypertension have been examined retrospectively. After appropriate statistical calculations, it has been found that the association is not casual either in men or women below the age of 60. In such cases the Student T test gives a result of less than 0.001. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms for this association are discussed in the light of the literature of recent year. PMID- 7235943 TI - The decade ahead. Presidential address. PMID- 7235945 TI - Synchronous anterior celiotomy and posterior drainage of pancreatic abscess. AB - Pancreatic abscess has been characterized by a high rate of reoperation for persistent sepsis and by a high mortality. Nine patients with pancreatic abscess have undergone synchronous anterior celiotomy and posterior drainage following resection of the 12th rib. Pancreatic abscess was secondary to acute pancreatitis in seven of the cases. In two cases, the combined procedure was a secondary operation to treat abscess that developed following surgery for pancreatic trauma. All of these nine patients survived. One patient required reoperation for drainage of a left retrocolic abscess. A synchronous approach permits adequate exploration of the abdomen, provides the exposure necessary to remove necrotic tissue, and allows dependent drainage of the left subphrenic space without fear of splenic, pancreatic, or vascular injury. PMID- 7235944 TI - Intractable ascites treated with peritoneovenous shunts (LeVeen). A 24- to 64 month follow-up of results in 52 alcoholic cirrhotics. AB - Peritoneovenous shunts (LeVeen) were placed in 52 patients with intractable ascites due to alcoholic cirrhosis between March 1975 and June 1978. The ascites was defined as intractable if it persisted despite at least six weeks of in hospital medical management. Only 4.5% of such patients seen during this interval met this criterion by failing to respond to intensive drug and diet therapy. Eight (15%) died five to 60 days postoperatively; six of these did not undergo diuresis. Hepatic encephalopathy and sepsis were important contributing factors. There were 21 late deaths (mean survival, 16 months), primarily related to complications characteristic of this group of cirrhotics: upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and infection. Twenty-three patients were alive by June 25, 1980, with mean survival of 46 months. Four patients operated on five or more years ago survive without ascites. An accurately placed LeVeen shunt dramatically relieves intractable ascites with improvement in renal function, nutrition, and general health. The operation enables at least partial rehabilitation so that ambulatory care becomes feasible for many of these chronically and seriously disabled patients. PMID- 7235946 TI - Hypercalcemia in patients with breast cancer. Osseous metastases, hyperplastic parathyroid tissue, or pseudohyperparathyroidism? AB - Breast cancer is the malignant neoplasm most commonly associated with hypercalcemia. At the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital, Houston, during the fiscal year 1977 to 1978, of 16,887 patients having calcium determinations, 7.8% had hypercalcemia. From 1969 to 1979, 13 patients had proved and three had presumed primary hyperparathyroidism associated with breast cancer. Two other patients had pseudohyperparathyroidism. Selective neck vein catheterization was used in 17 of the 18 patients and helped localize and confirm the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. Chloride-phosphate ratios were elevated in 13 of the 14 patients with proved or presumed primary hyperparathyroidism. This condition may mimic osseous metastases by producing brown tumors or compression fractures. In patients with breast cancer and hypercalcemia, particularly without osseous metastases, a careful diagnostic evaluation is warranted to rule out primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7235947 TI - The morbidity of total thyroidectomy. AB - Of 245 total thyroidectomies done over a ten-year period, most were in patients who had previously received irradiation about the head and neck for benign conditions in infancy and childhood. There was no operative mortality, and only one patient had postoperative bleeding requiring reoperation. Of six patients with paralyzed recurrent laryngeal nerves in the immediate postoperative period, vocal cord function returned in all but one over one year. Forty-nine patients required at least one dose of calcium postoperatively, and 41 were taking calcium when discharged from the hospital. After one year, only two patients took calcium regularly; in both, lymph nodes were removed from both paratracheal grooves. In evaluating comparative statistics, increased morbidity of total thyroidectomy needs to be considered on a long-term basis rather than in the immediate postoperative period. PMID- 7235948 TI - Nesidioblastosis in adults. A surgical dilemma. AB - Nesidioblastosis is the leading cause of hyperinsulinemia in newborns and infants. To our knowledge, it has not been previously reported in adults unless associated with other diseases. Three males and three females, aged 11 to 57 years, are described. Pancreatic resections ranged from 50% to 100%. Postoperatively, three patients were normoglycemic, two were insulin-dependent diabetics, and one had recurrent hypoglycemia controlled by drugs. The histologic findings in adults were very similar to those in infants with nesidioblastosis. It appears that a minimum resection of 75% to 80% of the pancreas will benefit the majority of patients, alleviating hypoglycemia and preventing the development of diabetes. PMID- 7235949 TI - Twenty-four-hour pH monitoring of esophageal function. Its use in evaluation in symptomatic patients after truncal vagotomy and gastric resection or drainage. AB - The incidence and character of gastrointestinal reflux after truncal vagotomy and gastric resection or drainage were studied prospectively in 42 symptomatic patients. Gastroesophageal reflux, proven by 24-hour pH monitoring, occurred in 31 patients. Initial symptoms of heartburn, regurgitation, or dysphagia were similar in patients with and without reflux. Eighteen patients had pure acid, nine had acid-alkaline, and four had pure alkaline reflux. Reflux occurred predominantly in the supine position. Esophagitis occurred only in patients with reflux and was not dependent on the pH of refluxed material. Reflux was eventually controlled by antireflux repair in 19 and by colon interposition in three patients. Twenty-four-hour esophageal pH monitoring is beneficial in evaluating symptoms after gastric surgery. It quantifies both acid and alkaline reflux, provides an objective assessment of the patient's subjective complaints, and gives a rational basis for management. PMID- 7235950 TI - Simple closure of perforated peptic ulcer. Still an effective procedure for patients with delay in treatment. AB - Sixty patients (mean age, 50 years) underwent simple closure of a perforated peptic ulcer. For 56 patients, average delay in treatment was 21.6 hours. Postoperatively, 21 patients (treatment delay, 30 hours) had either pulmonary or abdominal complications. Ten patients (treatment delay, 34 hours) died. Acute onset of ulcer symptoms prior to perforation was associated with a threefold increase in mortality compared with patients with chronic symptoms. Seven patients subsequently underwent vagotomy and partial gastrectomy without complications. This study demonstrates that in patients with peptic ulcer disease, perforation is an unusually frequent indication for operation; advanced age, treatment delay of 30 hours or more, and acute ulcer symptoms are associated with increased morbidity and mortality; and simple closure of the perforation remains an effective procedure in patients who have delayed seeking treatment. PMID- 7235951 TI - Gastric (reservoir) reduction for morbid obesity. AB - Since 1976, in 100 morbidly obese patients, the lesser curvature of the stomach has been inverted by performing a Nissen's fundoplication followed by gastric wrapping. All but one are losing weight satisfactorily and have early satiety. There was one postoperative death from pulmonary embolus. No harmful metabolic or physiologic changes have been detected. This procedure corrects or prevents esophageal reflux and enables the patient to control morbid obesity. PMID- 7235952 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Its use in the evaluation of nonjaundiced patients with the postcholecystectomy syndrome. AB - Forty-two patients with the postcholecystectomy syndrome were studied by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Both the biliary ductal system and pancreatic duct were well visualized in all patients. The ERCP was abnormal in 22 patients (52%). Abnormal findings included choledocholithiasis, papillary stenosis, pancreas divisum, pancreatic carcinoma, sclerosing cholangitis, incomplete cholecystectomy, and chronic pancreatitis. The results of one or more standard liver function tests and/or other noninvasive tests were abnormal in 36 patients; however, none reliably predicted the presence or specific anatomical type of pancreaticobiliary tract disease. Our data indicate that ERCP is essential in the diagnosis and management of the postcholecystectomy syndrome. The high yield of abnormal findings amenable to surgical correction in patients with recurrent biliary tract symptoms following cholecystectomy justifies the use of this procedure in all such patients. PMID- 7235953 TI - Factors affecting revision rate after continent ileostomy. AB - Our aim was to determine factors that may predispose to malfunction of a continent ileostomy. Among 299 patients who underwent continent ileostomy and were followed up for at least one year, the need for revision of the ileostomy was compared by sex, age, type of initial operation, and type of revision. Revision was required less often in females, younger patients, and patients undergoing proctocolectomy and continent ileostomy. However, the rate of subsequent revision was similar after the two types of repair (repair of old valve vs construction of new valve). Constructing a continent ileostomy in stages is not necessary; patients undergoing proctocolectomy and continent ileostomy required fewer revisions than did those who had a Brooke ileostomy prior to their continent ileostomy. Moreover, a malfunctioning valve should be revised rather than a new one created; revision was technically simpler and gave comparable results. PMID- 7235954 TI - Roux-en-Y operation in the management of postoperative fistula. AB - Four patients had complicated gastric and duodenal fistulas. In each patient, factors including marked inflammation and dense adhesions made dissection and mobilization difficult and hazardous. As a result, the standard recommended management of the fistulas was impossible. In each of these patients a Roux-en-Y operation was used successfully as an alternative procedure to seal the fistula. A successful outcome was experienced in each patient. PMID- 7235955 TI - Ileocecal valve replacement. Its effect on transit time, survival, and weight change after massive intestinal resection. AB - Sixty-five Sprague-Dawley rats underwent one of three procedures: (1) laparotomy without resection (n = 15); (2) 75% distal small-bowel resection, including the ileocecal valve (n = 25); and (3) 75% bowel resection including ileocecal valve, and construction of a jejunal valve (n = 25). Rats were evaluated for survival, weight change, and transit time. Mortality was 0% in controls, 84% in group 2, and 28% in group 3 after three months. Rats with resection alone lost 29% of their initial weight, whereas rats with jejunal valves gained 24% over their preoperative weight. Transit time was three times slower in animals with valves. These data suggest that survival, transit time, and weight change are significantly improved in rats with massive bowel resection after construction of an artificial valve when compared with animals with resections alone. These observations imply that, in selected cases, an ileocecal valve replacement may have clinical usefulness. PMID- 7235956 TI - Colectomy with rectal mucosectomy and ileoanal anastomosis in young patients. Its use for ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis. AB - Twenty-five children and young adults underwent colectomy with rectal mucosectomy and ileoanal anastomosis for chronic ulcerative colitis or familial polyposis. Follow-up ranged from three to 35 months. A simpler and shorter modification of the operation was used in 12 patients. Balloon catheter dilations were performed in nine patients before closure of the ileostomy to begin enlargement of the neorectum; 24 patients underwent closure of their temporary ileostomy. All patients are alive and well and participate full time in school or work. Two patients had mechanical bowel obstruction; on critical retrospective review, one patient was found to have Crohn's disease that necessitated removal of the rectal cuff. The clinical result was considered excellent in 11 patients, good in seven, fair in three, and poor in three. A gradual decrease in frequency of stooling was observed as the neorectum enlarged during the first year postoperatively. All patients had very good anal sphincter tone with voluntary rectal continence. Although some soiling and leakage occurred, especially during sleeping, these complications decreased with time. PMID- 7235957 TI - Hartmann's procedure. Its use with complicated carcinomas of sigmoid colon and rectum. AB - We assessed the safety of Hartmann's procedure in terms of postoperative morbidity and mortality associated not only with the original operation, but also with reestablishment of colorectal continuity and long-term survival. We studied 107 consecutive patients in whom Hartann's procedure was performed either electively (96) or as an emergency (11) between 1970 and 1975. In 87, the resection extended below the peritoneal reflection. The mean age of the patients was 67 years. The principal indication for Hartmann's procedure was palliation (53%), obstruction (42%) either alone or with perforation, and technical difficulties (5%). Four patients died (3.7%) in the immediate postoperative period, two after elective surgery (2.1%). Complications were observed in 35 patients, including wound infection or dehiscence (22), urinary tract problems (seven), and pelvic abscess (three). Colorectal continuity was reestablished in ten patients without mortality or morbidity. The mean five-year survival for Dukes' B, C, and D lesions was 54%, 23%, and 3%. Hartmann's procedure, when performed for complicated carcinomas of sigmoid colon and rectum, including subsequent restoration of bowel continuity, is safe and can be associated with long-term survival. PMID- 7235958 TI - Splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Of 481 splenectomies performed at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 78 (16.2%) were for immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The mean platelet count prior to therapy was 13,800/cu mm (range, 500 to 80,000/cu mm). All but two patients were initially treated with corticosteroids, and 58.2% responded with an increase in platelets (mean, 77,900/cu mm). The indications for splenectomy included (1) failure to respond to steroids (33.8%); (2) inability to taper steroids (52.1%); (3) recurrent ITP (5.6%); and (4) miscellaneous (8.5%). There was one death following splenectomy, and the postoperative morbidity was 14.1%. Complete remission occurred in 77.3%, and 84.8% were judged to have benefited from the procedure. The remission rate following splenectomy in patients who responded to preoperative steroids was 93.2%, whereas improvement fell to 68.3% in patients who failed to respond to steroids. This study confirms the benefit of splenectomy for ITP and demonstrates a predictive correlation with response to preoperative preparation with corticosteroids in these patients. PMID- 7235960 TI - Cervicomediastinal arterial injuries. A surgical challenge. AB - The initial clinical observations and methods and results of treatment in 104 patients with subclavian (48), vertebral (four), and carotid (52) artery injuries are reported. Delayed hemorrhage ten days after misdiagnosed subclavian artery injuries resulted in false aneurysms causing compressive brachial plexus palsies. A conservative approach to penetrating cervicomediastinal wounds was adopted with selective use of arch aortography when arterial injury was suspected by defined criteria. This proved safe, accurate, and invaluable for planning operative approach. Partial median sternotomy without entering the pleura proved optimal for superior mediastinal access; simple clavicle transection provided adequate distal subclavian exposure. External carotid and vertebral arteries were ligated. No shunts were employed for common and internal carotid repair. None of the 14 patients revascularized in the presence of a neurologic deficit died and none was made worse by carotid reconstruction. PMID- 7235959 TI - Is splenic salvage safe in the traumatized patient? AB - Thirty-three patients with splenic injuries were treated with splenic salvage techniques. These patients were seriously injured trauma victims, often with multiple organ system damage. Hemostasis of the spleen was achieved with topical agents in 26 patients. Six patients required suture repair, with one hemisplenectomy. The postoperative complication rate was 37%; however, none of the complications could be attributed to the splenic repair. No patient required reoperation for control of bleeding. There were no subphrenic abscesses, and delayed rupture of the spleen could not be established. Splenic salvage can be done safely in selected patients. Young patients, those with isolated splenic injuries, and those in whom the repair will not unduly complicate the operation should be considered for this procedure. PMID- 7235961 TI - Arterial injuries in children. AB - Twenty-nine children sustained major arterial injuries secondary to gunshot wounds (nine), blunt injuries (11), penetrating injuries by sharp objects (five), and arteriographic injury (four). The femoral artery was most commonly injured, followed by the brachial, the carotid, subclavian, popliteal, aorta, innominate, and vertebral arteries. We repaired the majority of the arterial injuries by resecting the damaged vessel, with primary anastomosis or interposition grafting when necessary to avoid tension. Postoperative complications included clotted grafts in two patients, which were rendered patent by reoperation. Two children died postoperatively, although both had successful vascular repairs. All vascular repairs were patent at one year, and limb length disparity has occurred in one patient following a nerve injury. Our data indicate that early exploration and repair of all suspected vascular injuries can be accomplished with excellent results, even in young children. PMID- 7235962 TI - Selective management of penetrating neck trauma. Cost implications. AB - Many authors advocate mandatory surgical exploration for all patients with penetrating neck trauma, while other maintain that with careful diagnostic evaluation some patients safely can be spared an operation. From our hospitals, 65 cases of penetrating neck trauma were reviewed, 27 of which showed no mortality without operation. Surgical exploration of the neck showing no injury added $1,930 to the cost of hospitalization. Review of the surgical literature discloses that mortalities reported by authors advocating selective and mandatory exploration are similar. The incidence of missed significant injury is low among patients observed selectively. A management algorithm for the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of patients with penetrating neck trauma is advocated. All stable patients should undergo four-vessel angiography. Studies of the cervical esophagus may be performed. Patients with entirely normal diagnostic evaluations may be observed safely, sparing unnecesary operation. PMID- 7235963 TI - Acute and chronic traumatic arteriovenous fistulae in civilians. Epidemiology and treatment. AB - Traumatic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an uncommon form of vascular disruption. We reviewed 70 AVFs in 69 patients. Nearly one in ten acute arterial injuries is an AVF. Only half of these lesions, however, are clinically demonstrable. Iatrogenic lesions were present in 13% of patients. Eighty-one percent of lesions were treated surgically. Extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) vascular bypass was used in over one third of head and high neck AVFs. Embolization was used as an adjunct to surgery in about one fourth of patients, and fewer than one in ten were treated with embolization alone. Since half of these lesions are not clinically detectable, liberal use of angiography is necessary for all traumatic wounds in proximity to a major vascular structure. Embolization was useful both as a primary treatment of AVF and as an adjunct to surgery; EC-IC bypass facilitates treatment of inaccessible fistulae in the head and neck. PMID- 7235964 TI - A university-staffed, private hospital-based air transport service. The initial two-year experience. AB - During the first two years of a cooperative effort between the University of Texas Medical School at Houston and Hermann Hospital, Houston, a program designed to extend the emergency center to the patient by helicopter treated and moved 1,702 patients. A physician and flight nurse attended patients on each mission. Of all flights, 68.3% were because of major multiple trauma and 28.8% were to the scene of an accident. The magnitude of these injuries was reflected by a mortality of 11% at the scene of the accident and 7% in the emergency room of those transported. The primary purpose of the program is to minimize the time between the catastrophic event and the institution of appropriate medical therapy. Our experience with this program of early stabilization and rapid transport has led to the following observations: (1) single-organ injury is virtually nonexistent in the patient with multiple trauma; (2) clotting abnormalities, even disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, are seen regularly in patients with apparently isolated head injuries; and (3) patients with apparently isolated head injuries often have serious pulmonary function abnormalities. PMID- 7235965 TI - Femorotibial bypass grafts with sequential technique. Clinical results. AB - Twenty-three patients (mean age, 71 years) have undergone femorotibial bypass grafting with a sequential side-to-side popliteal anastomosis since 1975, 96% because of threatened limb loss. Twenty-one grafts were of autogenous saphenous vein and two were composites of prosthesis and vein. Ankle-brachial indices increased from 0.40 +/- 0.27 to 0.84 +/- 0.36. Intraoperative flow measurements showed a 40% to 75% augmentation in flow with the sequential anastomosis. Patients who required amputation in the early postoperative period because of graft failure failed to show improvement in ankle indices and did not manifest healing of their ischemic ulcerations. Nineteen of 23 limbs (83%) were salvaged by operation. Follow-up ranged from two to 50 months (mean, 23 months). Graft patency calculated by the life-table method was 74% at one year, 68% at two years, and 62% at four years. PMID- 7235966 TI - Successful management of prosthetic graft infection with continuous povidone iodine irrigation. AB - In ten consecutive patients, prosthetic graft infections were managed by a continuous povidone-iodine irrigation technique supplemented by intravenous administration of an appropriate antibiotic. A colostomy bag apparatus was used to ensure constant soaking and immersion of the infected wound. Wound healing occurred in all patients either by secondary intention, direct suturing, or rotation graft technique, and all grafts except one have remained patent and functional over a follow-up period of one to four years. The effectiveness of this management modality permits control of infection without the necessity of prosthetic graft removal and eliminates the need for other intricate bypass operations in these patients with sepsis who are often critically ill. PMID- 7235967 TI - Popliteal arterial aneurysms. Their natural history and management. AB - Eighty-seven popliteal aneurysms in 62 patients, of which 50 were treated surgically, were reviewed and their clinical characteristics summarized. The need for alertness in the clinical detection of these lesions was stressed. Because complications, namely thrombosis and embolization, were frequent (23% in the total group, 36% in the surgical group), we recommend surgical treatment not only in all symptomatic but also in asymptomatic aneurysms larger than 2 cm in diameter; nonsurgically treated cases must be followed up carefully. With this aggressive approach, no lives and only two limbs were lost (one in a case of irreversible gangrene of the foot). Of the two surgical techniques described, the bypass procedure with autogenous vein graft is, because of its simplicity, given preference over resection with graft. PMID- 7235968 TI - Angled low anterior resection scissors. PMID- 7235969 TI - Femoral incision for arterial bypass. PMID- 7235970 TI - Who does an operation? PMID- 7235971 TI - Specific diseases mimicking appendicitis in childhood. AB - Of 1,039 children who underwent exploratory surgery with a preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis, 112 (11%) did not have suppurative, gangrenous, or perforated appendices. A specific disease other than appendicitis was found in 43 of these 112 children. Three fourths of these children (32/43) had their pathologic process diagnosed at the time of operation: one fourth (11/43) had the diagnosis made postoperatively on the basis of culture, histologic examination, roentgenograms, laboratory studies, or repeated exploratory surgery. More than half (24/43) required operation to treat the disease encountered. Although most of these children had diseases of the adjacent ileum and cecum or the pelvic adnexae, a number had disease outside the immediate operative field. A nonindurated appendix encountered at the time of operation for childhood appendicitis requires a thorough intra-abdominal exploration to exclude another disease that requires operative therapy. PMID- 7235972 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus. AB - The records of all patients with spontaneous esophageal perforations who were examined between August 1966 and December 1978 were reviewed. Eleven patients (six men and five women) whose mean age was 62.8 years were treated during this period. Precipitating factors that contributed to perforation were identified in all patients. Ten patients had epigastric or low sternal pain. Chest roentgenograms were abnormal for all patients. Two patients were treated conservatively, and both died. Of the nine patients treated by thoracotomy, the two who were treated within 24 hours of perforation survived. Of the seven patients treated later than 24 hours, only three survived. Late treatment consisted of either primary closure or esophageal exclusion. Prompt surgical intervention remains the treatment of choice. PMID- 7235974 TI - Changes in blood ketone body ratio: their significance after major hepatic resection. AB - Changes in the ratio of acetoacetate to 3-hydroxybutyrate (the ketone body ratio) in arterial blood were investigated after massive liver resection in patients and rabbits. In a patient who had had a successful hepatectomy, the blood ketone body ratio decreased rapidly after the operation and then returned to the preoperative level; whereas in a patient who had had an unsuccessful hepatectomy, the blood ketone body ratio did not decrease rapidly after the operation. In 70% hepatectomized rabbits, the blood ketone body ratio decreased maximally nine hours after hepatectomy and then returned gradually to a normal level. The blood ketone body ratio paralleled the hepatic energy charge after 70% hepatectomy in rabbits. The measurement of the blood ketone body ratio is very useful for evaluation of the energy status of the remnant liver. PMID- 7235975 TI - Mortality and gastrointestinal surgery in the aged: elective vs emergency procedures. AB - Elderly patients are often viewed as high-risk surgical candidates. Consequently, elective surgery may not be performed, with the result that a potentially treatable disease process may develop into an acute catastrophic event. We question the validity of this approach. In our experience with 1,411 gastrointestinal (GI) surgical procedures performed between March 1972 and September 1979, 23.6% have been in patients older than 70 years of age. The operations were emergent in this age group 19.5% of the time. Despite the advanced age of these individuals, the overall operative mortality for 269 elective procedures was 6.7%. For the 65 patients aged 70 years or older who underwent emergency procedures, the operative mortality was 20%. While elective GI surgery in the elderly has a significant risk, death is almost always the result of an associated disease (pulmonary, renal, or cardiac). Emergency procedures in the elderly indeed carry greater risk, statistically the same as in the 50- to 69-year-old group. Death is frequently related to an acute process complicating a treatable disease. PMID- 7235973 TI - The surgical treatment and outcome of soft-tissue sarcoma. AB - Cases of 251 patients with soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremities, trunk, head and neck, and retroperitoneum were reviewed. The overall five-, ten-, and 15-year survival rates were 45%, 30%, and 24%, respectively. The five-year survival rates after wide soft-tissue resections, local excision, and amputation were 59%, 42%, and 39%, respectively. Factors that significantly affected prognosis were tumor size, histologic type, local extent of the tumor, and the adequacy of the surgical procedure. The local recurrence rate was 36% after wide resection, 8% after amputation, and 65% after local excision. Local recurrence alone was treatable and evidenced overall five- and ten-year survival rates of 43% and 33%, respectively. Amputation was the most effective method to treat local recurrences in the extremities. Some guidelines are suggested to select high-risk patients for adjuvant treatment. PMID- 7235976 TI - Negative phleborheography: clinical follow-up in 593 patients. AB - Approximately 500,000 cases of pulmonary embolism appear each year in the United States, with most having clots that originated in the deep veins of the lower extremities. Since the clinical diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is accurate only half the time, a safe method that affords immediate and definitive diagnosis of DVT is urgently needed. One diagnostic technique now available is phleborheography (PRG). We examined 1,076 patients (2,152 limbs) during the period of 1976 to 1979. By performing PRG before hospital admission, 392 patients who had negative study results were not hospitalized, resulting in an estimated savings of +960,400 and avoiding both the hazardous treatment and the stigma associated with a diagnosis of DVT. After one to three years of follow-up in 593 patients (1,186 limbs) who had had negative results from PRG, only three (0.5%) have shown evidence of postphlebitic swelling and one (0.2%) has had pulmonary embolus. PMID- 7235977 TI - Introduction to the symposium on transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 7235978 TI - Balloon-catheter dilation as an adjunct to arterial surgery. AB - Balloon-catheter dilation of arterial stenoses and/or occlusions has been found to be helpful when used both as an adjunct to arterial surgery and as definitive treatment. Used preoperatively, it enables the extent of surgery to be limited and may improve the patient's general condition and ability to undergo surgery; such is seen when renal or mesenteric vessels are dilated preoperatively. During surgery, it can be used to augment the surgery, particularly in an area that is difficult to expose or out of the operative field. Postoperatively, it is often useful in maintaining patency of a graft or its inflow and outflow tract. Judicious use of this modality can enhance arterial surgery and improve results. PMID- 7235979 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: an angiographer's viewpoint. AB - We outline the present role of angioplasty in the management of peripheral vascular disease and its application to other portions of the arterial and venous systems; we summarize several large series, including our own, which encompass more than 4,000 cases; and we discuss the pathophysiology of balloon dilation techniques and the criteria for patient selection. With appropriate patient selection, initial (90%) and long-term (85%) patency results are now comparable with surgical techniques when the iliac arteries are involved. Treatment of femoropopliteal disease is slightly less successful but is indicated in appropriate patients. We present the role of angioplasty in conjunction with grafting procedures and in the management of renal vascular hypertension, and we review the potential complications (2% to 3%), adjunctive medical management, and areas for further investigation. PMID- 7235980 TI - Transluminal angioplasty during vascular reconstructive procedures: a preliminary report. AB - A total of 16 isolated arterial lesions were dilated intraoperatively in conjunction with primary vascular reconstructive procedures. Of these, eight involved the iliac vessels and eight the femoropopliteal segment. All angioplasties were successful and no catheter-related complications were noted. Hemodynamic improvement was confirmed by intraoperative pressure measurements and/or noninvasive Doppler segmental pressures. PMID- 7235981 TI - Question and answer session for transluminal angioplasty symposium. PMID- 7235983 TI - External bypass operation for biliary tract obstruction. PMID- 7235982 TI - Familial papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Although the number of reported cases of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in families is few, a review of the literature and the three cases presented here strongly suggest the characteristics of hereditary cancer. Further study and reportage of similar cases is indicated to confirm whether this is indeed a familial cancer. PMID- 7235984 TI - [N-metabolism as modelled by metabolism of 15N-labelled wheat in rat experiment]. AB - Male albino rats of a weight of 90 g received a test ration with 15N-labelled wheat as protein source over a period of 1 to 8 days. The 15N-excess in urine, feces, some organs, the remaining carcass and in the blood was determined in dependence on time. On the basis of two different pool models the N-metabolism values could be calculated. Protein synthesis and disintegration rates calculated by means of the N- and 15N-balances of the pool in the steady state of the pool labelling amounted to 252.9 mg N per day resp 203.0 mg N per day. The calculation based on the time-dependent curve of the daily 15N-excretion in urine resulted in corresponding synthesis and disintegration rates of 197.0 mg N per day and 134.6 mg N per day. Labelling curve and results are discussed. PMID- 7235986 TI - [Pancreatic lipase activity in growing sheep]. AB - The development of the activity of pancreas lipase was observed at lambs reared with and without ewes from their birth to an age of four weeks and in a second series between five and 18 weeks. A statistically significant influence of the age on the level of activity of pancreas lipase could be observed. It was also influenced by the feeding regime, that is, the lambs reared without ewes which were fed restrictively with milk replacer showed a significantly higher activity of pancreas lipase on comparison with lambs reared with milk replacer ad libitum or those reared by ewes. 8-week-old lambs after a suckling period of four weeks and the subsequent sole feeding with pelleted mixed feed reached approximately the same activity of pancreas lipase as adult wethers. PMID- 7235985 TI - [Iodine metabolism. 2. Effect of iodine deficiency on reproduction and the development of progeny of goats and miniature pigs]. AB - The influence of J-deficiency on reproduction was tested in model experiments with goats and mini pigs, partly through several reproduction cycles including the descendants after intra-uterine depletion as well. The effect of 0.05 mg J/kg dry matter in the concentrated feed (total ration 0.03)--0.04 mg J/kg dry matter) for goats was a diminished success of first inseminations, a higher frequency of abortions, high mortality and poorer development of the kids. All J-deficiency goats and kids suffered from hypertrophy of the thyroid gland, half of all J deficiency kids were born hairless. Concerning the mini pigs, 0.06 mg J/kg dry matter even after intra-uterine depletion had no detectable influence either on conception or the mortality and development of the piglets. The thyroid gland of all deficiency pigs was enlarged, however. The hypertrophy of the thyroid gland makes it easy to diagnose J-deficiency visually. PMID- 7235987 TI - Mutagenicity testing of pharmaceuticals: present status. Introduction. AB - An international conference was held in Paris from March 12 to 14, 1980, to discuss the proposed guidelines on testing of medicinal products for their mutagenic potential, issued in April 1979 by the Committee on Proprietary Medicinal Products in Brussels. This introductory paper describes the goals of the conference and an appraisal of the discussions held at this meeting. PMID- 7235988 TI - The place of the host-mediated assay. PMID- 7235989 TI - Induction of gene mutations in germ cells of the mouse. PMID- 7235990 TI - Unscheduled DNA synthesis in the testis, a secondary test for the evaluation of chemical mutagens. AB - DNA damage induced by methylmethane sulfonate, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and procarbazine in male germ cells was assessed in rabbits by the demonstration of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS), in meiotic and postmeiotic phases of maturation. Immediately after treatment by the intravenous route tritiated thymidine was injected into both testicles. Subsequently, rabbits were ejaculated serially, sperm heads were isolated and assayed for radioactivity by liquid scintillation counting. Dose-dependent UDS was demonstrated in late spermatocytes and early spermatids. High doses of hycanthone also induced UDS, but isoniazid and metronidazole had no effect. The rabbit testis UDS test takes into account metabolic and pharmacokinetic aspects of the test substances and provides information about their penetration through the blood-testicular barrier. It is therefore useful for secondary evaluation of potential mutagens. UDS induced by procarbazine was abolished by simultaneous treatment with Ara-C. Thus, the test also recognizes substances that inhibit DNA repair synthesis. PMID- 7235991 TI - Granuloma pouch assay for mutagenicity testing. AB - The Granuloma Pouch Assay (GPA) is an animal model in which mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of a testcompound can be detected in rapidly dividing fibroblasts of a granulation tissue in adult male rats. Growth of this tissue was initiated with a small amount of croton oil at the inside wall of a subcutaneous air pouch on the back of the animals. The test compound can be injected either into the pouch (local) or administered by systemic routes. Alkali labile DNA lesions, chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, point mutations and tumor development in situ were determined. The comparison of mutation frequencies after local and systemic administration of testcompounds, provide an estimation of the pharmacokinetic characteristics and the mutagenic potency of the chemical. The local application route allows the detection of locally active mutagens and of compounds which require activation by P-448 dependent mono-oxygenases. Liver mediated proximate metabolites are detectable when they are transformed into ultimate carcinogens in extrahepatic cells whereas chemicals with a strong organ specific activity are not. PMID- 7235992 TI - Inductest and spermatest in genetic toxicology testing. AB - Bacterial strains have been especially devised to measure the ability of chemicals to induce phage development. This type of test named Inductest, responds in general to DNA damaging agents. Metabolic activation can be used and good sensitivities are achieved. Variations of the Inductest exist: some have short time responses (1 h or less) or allow to look at phage mutagenesis as well. Some compounds elicit a response in Inductest and not in the bacterial mutagenesis assay (Mutatest). The reverse is also true and may be more frequent. The sperm abnormality assay (Spermatest) consists in examining by visual scoring of sperm shape if an agent is able to damage in vivo mammalian germ cells. Such agents are in general able to interfere with the normal differenciation of sperm cells so that genetic damage is probably not the only end point of the assay. The spermatest yields false negative but few false positive for carcinogenicity. It can be used directly to monitor human populations. Both tests, have probably not yet reached their full development. PMID- 7235993 TI - Covalent binding of drug metabolites to DNA--a tool of predictive value? AB - The presently available data suggest at least some correlation between covalent binding of drug metabolites to DNA and carcinogenicity of that drug. More data, however, are needed to establish the predictability of covalent DNA binding assays for extrahepatic cancer. A covalent binding assay requires administration of radioactively labelled compound to the experimental animals; the availability of labelled compound and requirements as to radiochemical purity, chemical and biochemical stability are limiting the applicability of this procedure. Many technical pitfalls accompany covalent DNA binding assays. It is concluded that at the present time DNA binding assays do not represent routine procedures within a standard test battery for carcinogenicity, but are invaluable for more in-depth research which probably follows routine testing. PMID- 7235995 TI - International programme for the evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogenicity. AB - A brief report of the design and initial results from the International Programme for the Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogenicity is presented. A total of 42 chemicals, including 14 structurally-related, carcinogen/non-carcinogen pairs were coded and submitted for testing in 35 assays. Several of the assays provided good predictions of carcinogenic potential. The results revealed the advantages and disadvantages of the assays used and provide some indication of the applicability of the tests to screening for carcinogenicity. PMID- 7235994 TI - Metabolic activation of drugs in mutagenicity tests in vitro. AB - The metabolic pathways of chemical compounds of pharmaceutical interest are reviewed in relation to the role of activation and detoxification in the process of mutagenicity. The properties and subcellular localization of the enzymes involved are given together with the main reactions they catalyze. The role of metabolism in mutagenicity testing in vitro is discussed with special emphasis on the choice of the enzymatic system. Parameters such as species, strain, sex, diet, and induction are considered. The effect of various enzymatic effectors added in vitro is also discussed. It is concluded that the metabolism of drugs is very complex, involving both activation and detoxification processes catalyzed by a large variety of enzymes. Production of mutations in vitro in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells is the results of a balance between all those pathways. Metabolic activation thus merits special attention. PMID- 7235996 TI - Evaluating the mutagenic potential of chemicals. The minimal battery and extrapolation problems. PMID- 7235997 TI - The fluctuation test. AB - The fluctuation test is an assay for the detection of mutation induction in bacteria by chemicals, carried out in liquid medium, and scored by counting the number out of around 50 tubes or wells that turn yellow. It is suitable for the Ames Salmonella strains or for Escherichia coli WP2 trp and its derivatives. Calcium precipitated microsomes, S9 fraction or freshly prepared hepatocytes can be incorporated for metabolic activation. It is comparable to the Ames test in its ability to detect mutagens and carcinogens and generally shares the limitations of that test as regards extrapolation to animals and man. Its disadvantages are that it is marginally slower and slightly more labour intensive than the Ames protocol. For certain applications, however, these disadvantages may be offset by the advantages of somewhat greater sensitivity, ability to be automated, and facility for using hepatocytes for metabolic activation. The test is particularly suitable for the testing of aqueous samples containing low levels of mutagen. PMID- 7236000 TI - Mutagenicity test systems for the detection of chromosome aberrations in vivo. AB - In mutagenicity testing of pharmaceuticals it is advisable, whenever possible, to use in vivo mammalian systems where the pharmacokinetic properties of a drug would be more or less similar to those in man. However, although there are a number of different genetic endpoints which are important in mutagen testing, sufficiently validated, practical and well documented in vivo test systems exist only for structural chromosome aberrations. This paper provides an overview of existing in vivo test systems for the detection of chromosome aberrations. Emphasis has been laid on the functions, advantages and limitations of the three tests recommended in the guidelines of the European Community; first, the metaphase analysis assay, and, as alternatives, the micronucleus test and the dominant lethal test. These three tests are then also discussed from the viewpoint of our own practical experience. PMID- 7235999 TI - Cytogenetical tests on mammalian cells in vitro. PMID- 7235998 TI - Appreciation of the value of different bacterial test systems for detecting and for ranking chemical mutagens. PMID- 7236001 TI - Draft guidelines on mutagenicity testing of new drugs issued by the CPMP. A four test screen. AB - In 1977 the Committee on Proprietory Medicinal Products (CPMP) decided that in order to further the harmonisation of data requirement required for marketing authorization an expert working party should be set up to draw up safety guidelines. Amongst other guidelines produced for the CPMP has been one on mutagenicity which has been issued as a consultative document. This paper outlines the philosophy underlying the working party's recommendations that a "four-test screen" comprising of a bacterial test, an in vitro test to determine chromosome breakage in mammalian cells, a test to demonstrate gene damage in vitro in mammalian cells, and finally a mammalian in vivo test to demonstrate chromosomal damage in proliferating tissue (bone marrow). It is not suggested that other tests are less suitable or that evidence from other tests would not be acceptable as alternatives to part of the package. However in these circumstances the use of the alternative may need to be justified. No single test can at the present time be accepted as a sufficient screen to investigate all possible mechanisms by which genetic damage can be produced. The four-test system greatly improves the probability of demonstrating any mutagenic hazard. PMID- 7236002 TI - The antidote effect of thiosulphate and hydroxocobalamin in formation of nitroprusside intoxication of rabbits. AB - Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and hydroxocobalamin (HC) - in molar ratios of 1:4, 1:5, and 1:8, respectively - were infused simultaneously during 4 h into two veins of separate ears of conscious rabbits. Controls received HC only. Sodium thiosulphate (ST) was infused with SNP at molar ratios of 1:4, 1:5, and 1:10. The observation period was 48 h. With the lowest dose of HC (1:4), SNP produced a severe metabolic acidosis; three of ten animals died during the infusion, an additional six within 24 h. When the 1:5 ratio was administered, the acidosis was less marked, but still three of seven animals succumbed within 24 h. The highest dose (1:8) prevented acidosis, however three of eight animals died. All doses of HC caused histological changes in the liver, the myocardium, and the kidney, independently if given alone or with SNP. In contrast to this, ST had a complete antidote effect, if administered in a 1:5 ratio; no acidosis was demonstrable and death did not occur. In neither dosage ST could prevent histological changes in the liver, but the kidney and the heart were not affected. In contrast to HC ST alone did not cause histological alterations. Consequently, ST is the preferable antidote and is superior to HC for preventing or treating intoxications with SNP. PMID- 7236003 TI - An economical hemoperfusion system to determine in vitro clearances of various poisons with different adsorbents. AB - An economical hemoperfusion system for clearance studies in vitro was developped. It was ascertained, that hemoperfusion using columns which contain 13 g of adsorbent and perfused at a blood flow rate of 1.25 ml/min results in the same relative clearances as when using clinical sized columns containing 300--355 g of the absorbent and run at 100ml/min. The adsorption kinetics of toxicologically important drugs and pesticides are given as examples. To date 27 substances were tested systematically. The investigation has shown, that no adsorbent is without exception the best one, but the efficacy can vary from substance to substance. PMID- 7236004 TI - Lead in blood and tissues of mice after administration of low lead doses. AB - Lead levels in whole blood could be determined reliably up to a lower limit of 2 micrograms/100 ml blood, using a modified micromethod of the graphite tube furnace technique. Lead contents of various tissues were also determined by using the automated graphite tube furnace after wet ashing of the organs with nitric acid in autoclaves. Animal experiments with mice showed no measurable increase in blood lead level after a single, 10- or 30-days oral administration of lead in doses of 10--1000 micrograms lead acetate/kg body weight/day. However, these doses led to a rise in tissue lead content. There was a clear dependence of tissue lead content on type of organ examined, lead dose and duration of lead exposure. According to our experiments, the threshold dose which leads to a long term increase in tissue lead content is assumed to be about 100 micrograms lead acetate/kg body weight/day, orally administered. PMID- 7236005 TI - On the influence of zinc on mercury/selenium interaction. AB - Pretreatment with zinc does not change the wholebody retention and elimination of mercury, either when mercury is given alone, or when mercury and selenium are given simultaneously in single doses. Distributional effects are observed, however, as higher retention levels of mercury are seen in kidneys, liver and spleen after pretreatment with zinc. The clearance rate of both elements remains unaffected, indicating that zinc does not truly interact with mercury and selenium. The zinc effect is probably due to a higher initial retention of mercury, especially in the kidneys. PMID- 7236008 TI - High lithium concentrations in drinking water and plasma of exposed subjects. PMID- 7236006 TI - Comparison of alkylation rates and mutagenicity of directly acting industrial and laboratory chemicals: epoxides, glycidyl ethers, methylating and ethylating agents, halogenated hydrocarbons, hydrazine derivatives, aldehydes, thiuram and dithiocarbamate derivatives. AB - Groups of industrial and laboratory chemicals were tested for their alkylation activity using 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine and deoxyguanosine as nucleophiles. The alkylation activity was compared with mutagenicity of the chemicals to E. coli WP2 uvrA without metabolic activation. All the epoxide-containing compounds including simple epoxides and glycidyl ethers elicited alkylation activity and mutagenicity. Furthermore there was a reasonable correlation between the rate of alkylation and the mutagenic potency. All the methylating and ethylating compounds tested were active but no correlation was observed between the rate of alkylation and the mutagenic potency, apparently due to the different types of alkylation products formed. The other compounds tested including halogenated hydrocarbons, hydrazine derivatives, aldehydes, thiuram and dithiocarbamate derivatives elicited a slow or no alkylation activity while many of the compounds were mutagenic. There was no evidence among the chemicals tested of an alkylating non-mutagen. Thus evidence of alkylation activity appears to indicate mutagenic risk. PMID- 7236009 TI - Human embryonic lung cells (HEL-R66) are of monkey origin. AB - Two cultures of cells designated HEL-R66, presumable of human origin, revealed monkey instead of human cell characteristics, including chromosomes, isoenzyme mobility pattern and species-specific cell membrane antigen. PMID- 7236007 TI - Effects of single and repeated exposures to thermo-oxidative degradation products of poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS) on rat lung, liver, kidney, and brain. AB - Male Wistar rats were exposed to thermo-oxidative degradation products of heated poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS). The exposures were conducted once, three times or ten times (5 nights/week, 6 h/night) in the nighttime. The degradation products included styrene, various nitriles, aldehydes, acids, and a significant aerosol fraction. The oxygen concentration in the exposure chamber was constantly above 20%. The shortest exposures caused a significant reduction of the 0-deethylation activity in lung and kidney but not in liver, as well as a decrease in tissue reduced glutathione concentration in liver and kidney but not in lung. These effects well-nigh disappeared during the two-week exposure. In these rats the cerebral glutathione was below the control range. Superoxide dismutase activity increased in liver and brain during the three-day exposure. In liver the activity reached the control value after the two-week exposure but the cerebral activity was significantly lower than in controls. The complex mixture of noxious compounds in the ABS fumes does not readily allow identification of causative agents. Nitrile-dependent histotoxic, peroxidative and reactive metabolite mediated mechanisms may be involved. PMID- 7236010 TI - Different mechanisms of synthesis of complete and incomplete influenza virus transcripts in infected cells. AB - Two types of transcripts, incomplete (polyadenylated virus-specific mRNAs) and complete (presumably templates for progeny virus replication) are synthesized in influenza virus infected cells (3). The synthesis of incomplete transcripts requires as a primer de novo synthesized host cell mRNAs (4). We show here that the synthesis of complete transcripts does not require such a primer. PMID- 7236011 TI - The detection of influenza A virus antigens in cultured cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to investigate the expression of influenza A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N3) virus structural proteins on the surface of infected MDCK cells, and to detect viral antigens in culture media and cell extracts. Infected cells were fixed with 0.1 per cent glutaraldehyde before being examined for the presence of cell-surface antigens. Viral antigens were first observed on the surface of cells 4 hours after infection and reached a maximum 10-12 hours after infection, when measured by haemadsorption with chicken erythrocytes and by ELISA and immunofluorescence with hyperimmune antiserum to Hong Kong virus. A good correlation was found between the three assay systems. The presence of individual virion structural proteins on the cell surface was determined by ELISA using specific antibodies purified by differential affinity chromatography. Either or both or the internal matrix and nucleoprotein antigens were expressed from 2 to 6 hours after infection, with maximum expression after 2 hours, and the strain-specific and common antigenic determinants of haemagglutinin were observed on the cell surface from 4 hours after infection, and reached a maximum 8 to 10 hours after infection. Low levels of neuraminidase were detected between 4 and 8 hours after infection. Culture media and cell extracts were titrated by infectivity and haemagglutination assays, and by ELISA. Titres obtained from the culture media showed a close correlation between the three assay methods, with peak titres being attained 24 hours after infection. Viral antigens were first observed in cell extracts by ELISA 4 hours after infection, and infectious virions and haemagglutinin 2 hours later, but whereas maximum titres of infectious virus and haemagglutinin were found 10 hours after infection, the ELISA titre continued to rise until 24 hours after infection, which suggested that virus structural proteins were being accumulated in the cells after most of the progeny virions had been released. The results are discussed in terms of the potential use of ELISA in rapid virus diagnosis. PMID- 7236012 TI - Congenital transmission of hepatitis B antigen in Nigerians. AB - The prevalence rate of HBsAg carrier state in Nigerian pregnant women was determined to be 11.2 per cent. One third of infants born to these carrier mothers had persistent antigenaemia during an eight month follow-up period. PMID- 7236013 TI - Measles virus: evolution of a persistent infection in BGM cells. AB - An African green monkey kidney cell line (BGM) persistently infected with measles virus (BGM/Halle cells) has been studied during 3 years in culture. The early cell passages were characterized by slow growing cultures producing high yields of infections virus (10(6)--10(7) PFU/ml). These cells were gradually replaced by a population of cells multiplying at a similar rate as non-infected cells. During this evolution, the virus released from the cells changed from a large plaque variant, to a small plaque and eventually unlysed foci. Despite greater than or equal to 95 per cent of the cells being infected, the virus yield fell to the limits of detection. [35S]-methionine labelling of BGM/Halle cultures at the 20th and 140th passage showed that in both cases all the measles virus structural proteins were synthesized. There were no changes in the apparent molecular sizes of the viral proteins during passage. Cell surface [125I]-labelling of BGM/Halle cells indicates that viral envelope antigens are inserted into the membrane despite the diminution in virus yield. Several cell proteins not labelled in non infected BGM cells are also labelled. These proteins could also be [125I] labelled in clones of BGM/Halle cells with had been "cured" of virus. Chase experiments of [125I]-pre-labelled BGM/Halle cultures showed the radiolabelled antigen to be incorporated into virus particles. Non-infections virus particles released from the cells contained the same polypeptides as those released from a lytic infection. PMID- 7236014 TI - The structural polypeptides of avian paramyxoviruses. AB - The structural polypeptides of twenty-three avian paramyxoviruses from five serotypes were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate under reducing and non-reducing conditions. All virus polypeptide profiles consisted of 7--10 polypeptides of which two were glycosylated. Some variation was seen in the profiles of viruses from the same serotype, but groups formed on the basis of their serological relationships in haemagglutination inhibition tests were identical to those formed on the basis of similarities in their polypeptide profiles. PMID- 7236015 TI - Age-dependent changes in prevalence, size and proliferation of arterial lesions in cockerels. I. Spontaneous lesions. AB - Age-dependent changes were determined in the prevalence, size and proliferation of early spontaneous aortic lesions in white leghorn cockerels. Groups of 6 animals received weekly intramuscular injections of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or remained uninjected. They were sacrificed at 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 38 weeks of age. Lesions were observed microscopically in all animals 8 weeks of age and older. They appeared in 20-30% of the aortic segments until 16 weeks of age and in 60% of the segments thereafter. The presence of a long single lesion along the aortic segments until 16 weeks of age and in 60% of the segments thereafter. The presence of a long single lesion along the aortic length was revealed by sectioning serially, at 50 micrometers intervals, 10-20 mm lengths of lesion containing aorta. Between 8 and 20 weeks of age, lesion cross-sectional area increased by a factor of 2.4 while lesion volume index increased by a factor of 6. Similar patterns of proliferation were observed at each time point between lesion cells and those in the underlying media. Labeling indices of media and lesion cells were highest when the animals were growing rapidly and lowest when the animals reached full size. The results indicate that in the cockerel: (1) spontaneous lesions increase in depth and extend radially at a low constant level between 8 and 20 weeks of age and increase markedly in length between 16 and 20 weeks, (2) lesion cell proliferation is sufficient to account for the observed increase in lesion size, and (3) proliferation of lesion cells and medial cells may be governed by the same control mechanism(s). PMID- 7236016 TI - Effect of bezafibrate on the high-density lipoprotein subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 in primary hyperlipoproteinemia type IV. AB - The effect of a six-month treatment with bezafibrate on HDL2 and HDL3, measured as cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I, was studied in 10 hypertriglyceridemic patients. The significant increase of total HDL-cholesterol and HDL apolipoprotien A-I was due to an increase of HDL2-cholesterol and HDL2 apolipoprotein A-I. The lowered ratio of cholesterol to apolipoprotein A-I in HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 remained unaltered. It is concluded that bezafibrate raises the possibly antiatherogenic HDL2, whereas the disturbed cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-I ratio is not changed. PMID- 7236017 TI - An increase in cholesterol ester content of the rat aorta by a high fat-high erucic acid diet. AB - Rats of weaning age were feed for a period of 1 or 3 weeks either a low fat diet (laboratory stock diet) or a semi-synthetic diet containing 20% by weight of either corn oil (2/3 of the total fatty acids consisted of linoleic acid) or mustard seed oil (1/3 of the total fatty acids were comprised of erucic acid). Feeding of a diet rich in erucic acid for 1 week increased by twofold the cholesterol ester content of the aorta. However, the concentrations of unesterified cholesterol and individual phospholipids in the aorta were uninfluenced by hyperlipemia induced by this diet. Fatty acid analyses indicated that erucic (22:1) and eicosenoic (20:1) acids are found in the triglyceride and cholesterol esters of the aorta in the proportion similar to that found in the plasma triglyceride and cholesterol esters. Our results demonstrated further that a significantly greater quantity of 14C-labelled erucate than labelled palmitate, oleate or linoleate was incorporated into the cholesterol ester fraction of the control aorta. The incorporation rates of erucate and linoleate into phosphatidic acid were more rapid, while the rates of erucate into phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol and lysophosphatidylcholine were significantly slower than those of other fatty acids. PMID- 7236019 TI - Prostaglandins enhance the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and inhibit the growth of rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. AB - The aim of this study was to elucidate whether prostaglandins (PGs) could be mediators of some of the early changes in atherogenesis. The effect of PGs E1, E2, F1 alpha and F2 alpha on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (incorporation of 3H-glucosamine into GAGs) and on the esterification of lipids (incorporation of 3H-oleic acid into lipids) and on cell proliferation (uptake of 3H-thymidine by the cells) was tested in cultured smooth muscle cells. All the PGs studied enhanced the incorporation of 3H-glucosamine into sulphated GAGs with a maximum stimulation at a concentration of 10(-5) mol/l. The synthesis of hyaluronic acid was less clearly increased. The PGs had no effect on cholesterol esterification and they inhibited the uptake of 3H-thymidine by the cells, PGE1 having greatest effect. It was concluded that PGs are not likely mediators of the enhance cell growth or cholesterol esterification in early atherogenesis, but they may contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions by enhancing the synthesis of sulphated GAGs. PMID- 7236018 TI - Long-term effects of diazepam on plasma lipids and atheroma in roosters fed in atherogenic diet. AB - Long-term effects of diazepam on plasma lipids and atheroma in roosters fed an atherogenic diet have been studied. Our data indicate that long-term administration (8 months) of diazepam (Valium) 0.2 mg/kg orally lowered the plasma cholesterol level when compared to the atherogenic group, but this was not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05). However, at the dose of 0.4 mg/kg of Valium the plasma cholesterol was significantly lowered when compared to the controls on an atherogenic diet (P less than 0.05). Both doses of Valium significantly decreased the incidence and severity of lesions on the endothelial surface of the aorta and coronary artery in roosters fed an atherogenic diet. No changes in plasma triglyceride values were noted. Administration of 0.4 mg/kg of Valium to birds receiving the atherogenic diet produced a small but significant increase of mean, systolic and diastolic blood pressures as compared to the birds receiving an atherogenic diet but no Valium. A similar increase in blood pressure was also noted in the control group on plain mash diet receiving 0.2 mg/kg of Valium. Microscopic examination of the coronary arteries showed that birds on an atherogenic regimen receiving Valium had less atherosclerosis than those not receiving Valium. PMID- 7236020 TI - Effects of onion in induced atherosclerosis in rabbits: I. Reduction of arterial lesions and lipid levels. AB - The effects of dietary cholesterol alone and of cholesterol in combination with fresh whole onion extract on the lesions and aortic lipid concentrations were studied in albino rabbits. The lesions produced were significantly greater in cholesterol-fed animals. In animals given the cholesterol diet, the aortic cholesterol levels were significantly greater than in the onion extract and cholesterol-fed animals. The aortic total lipid levels in latter group were comparable to the levels of control group. PMID- 7236021 TI - Medical care and cardiology in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 7236022 TI - Flexible sigmoidoscopy. PMID- 7236023 TI - Extravasation of vessicant antineoplastics: clinical and experimental findings. PMID- 7236024 TI - Psychosurgery: government regulating medicine. PMID- 7236025 TI - Socialism: from doctor's dream to doctor's dilemma. PMID- 7236026 TI - [Structural organization of the tubular system of the internal renal medulla interstitial cells]. AB - The tubular system of renal medulla interstitial cells includes multitubular complexes, mucrotubules and megatubules. Multitubular complexes are compact masses consisting of dozens of crosscut thin-walled tubular lumens. Megatubules are 2500 A in diameter, up to 5.25 micron in length, with the wall 120 A thick, and are grouped into bundles consisting of 3 to 44 megatubules. The elements of the tubular system have contacts with cell membrane pores, with each other, with parts of vesicles, lipid granules and with the nuclear membrane. It is assumed that megatubules are formed of tubuline. There are reasons to associate their appearance with the necessity of enzymatic transformation of granules of interstitial cells reaching a critical mass, the cells containing prostaglandine precursors. Megatubules become atrophied when prostaglandine-synthetase is inhibited by indometacine. PMID- 7236027 TI - [Changes in the heart conduction system in sudden cardiac death]. AB - The conductive system of the heart was studied morphometrically in serial sections in 12 autopsy observations of sudden cardiac death. In 11 cases the sudden death was due to chronic ischemic disease of the heart, in 1 case to idiopathic myocarditis of Abramov-Fidler. The control consisted of 12 autopsy observations of subjects dying of mechanical trauma, alcoholic toxicity, cerebral hemorrhage in the presence of hypertension. In 4 out of 12 observations of sudden cardiac death, acute dyscirculatory disorders of the microcirculatory bed and focal destructive changes of specific muscle fibers were detected in the conductive system of the heart. The intensity of atrophic and sclerotic processes in ganglions of the conductive system was not significantly different from that in the controls. PMID- 7236028 TI - [Lennert's lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy]. AB - Clinico-anatomical features of two diseases distinguished recently from the large group of long-known lymphoproliferative diseases: Lennert's lymphoma designated also as lymphogranulomatosis X and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, are described. Typical morphological features and clinical signs of each diseases are presented and similarity of many of them is noted which gives ground to consider some cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and its variant, immunoblastic lymphadenopathy to be equivalents of some observations classified as Lennert's lymphoma. Frequent malignization of the processes and their transformation into immunoblastic lymphoma is noted especially. Further ways for the study of this problem are outlined and the main approaches for differential diagnosis of the described nosological forms, Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are indicated. PMID- 7236029 TI - [Sudden cardiac death in alcoholic cardiomyopathy]. AB - A composite morpho-histo-biochemical and ultrastructural investigation of the myocardium of 50 subjects dying suddenly in the presence of alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACMP) was carried out. The dynamics of changes in the myocardium in the development of ACMP is shown indicating that the main feature of the heart in such cases is diffuse uneven atrophy of cardiomyocytes with their replacement by fatty tissue. There are large foci of lesions in the heart stained by Regot's method and the activity of succinate dehydrogenase is changed reflecting metabolic disorders. The ultrastructural changes included vacuolation of sarcoplasmic reticulum, increased amounts of lipids and lysosomes, and intracrystal inclusions in the mitochondria. Examinations of adrenergic heart innervation revealed focal deficiency of noradrenalin in atrial and ventricular plexuses. There was a hypothalamic edema with severe disorders in ACMP. The set of the above lesions appears to explain the sudden death as each of these lesions alone cannot cause sudden death. PMID- 7236030 TI - [Lymphatic bed of the heart and the nucleic acid content of the cardiomyocytes in alcohol poisoning]. AB - The lymphatic channel of the heart in alcohol poisoning and the content of nucleic acids in the cytoplasm and nuclei of cardiomyocytes were studied. Four forms of lymphatic capillaries, postcapillaries and lymphatic vessels were found: functioning, "dystrophized", sclerosing, and regenerating. Disorders of interfragment connections interfering with the lymph flow were observed. A decrease in the content of nucleic acids in the cytoplasm and nuclei of cardiomyocytes in alcohol poisoning was established. PMID- 7236031 TI - [Diabetic microangiopathy (based on the morphological study data from skin biopsies)]. AB - Histological and immunofluorescent examinations of thigh or shin skin biopsies were carried out in 53 patients aged from 40 to 85 years suffering from diabetes mellitus of various degrees of severity for periods varying from 1 to 32 years. Forty-seven patients were found to have diabetic microangiopathy the intensity of which directly depended upon the duration and to a lesser degree upon the severity of the disease. No significant influence of the age of the patients on the extent of the vascular involvement of the dermal microcirculatory bed was observed. Immunohistochemical methods demonstrated fixation in the vessel of IgG, complement, albumin, beta-lipoproteins and human fibrinogen in diabetic microangiopathy. The frequent findings of IgG in complex with complement in the affected vessels suggest the role of immune mechanisms along with metabolic ones in the development of diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 7236033 TI - [Pathomorphology of gastric polyps]. AB - A total of 131 gastric polyps removed by endoscopic polypectomy in 108 patients were examined. According to Elster's classification, foveolar hyperplasia was diagnosed in 21 cases, foveolar hyperplasia with transition into hyperplasiogenic polyp in 3 cases, hyperplasiogenic polyp in 59 cases, hyperplasiogenic polyp with transition into adenomatous polyp in 4 cases, highly differentiated adenoma in 5 cases, adenomatous polyp in 5 cases, and other processes in 34 cases. Hyperplasiogenic polyps are characterized by the presence of chronic erosions (78.3%) and cysts (70%). In the process of reparative regeneration of erosions the emergence of cysts could be followed. The appearance of erosions was preceeded by dystrophic changes of the epithelium during which RNA accumulated in the adjacent epitheliocytes. This may be regarded as the state of "readiness" for reparation even before the defect of the mucous membrane develops. PMID- 7236032 TI - [Venous immunomorphology in acute experimental thrombosis and human recurrent migrating thrombophlebitis]. AB - The direct immunofluorescence procedure was used to demonstrate immune complexes (fixed immunoglobulins) in the internal and external sheath of veins of a dog with experimental acute thrombosis caused by partial ligation of the ileofemoral vein in the presence of immunization of the animal with extracts of auto- and homologous vein tissue. The results suggest the participation of auto-immune processes in the pathogenesis of acute thrombosis of the main veins. PMID- 7236034 TI - [Morphological and morphometric characteristics of the bronchospastic syndrome in chronic diffuse bronchitis and bronchial asthma]. AB - Differential diagnosis of bronchospastic syndrome in chronic diffuse bronchitis and bronchial asthma was made on the basis of morphological examinations of 41 lungs and 76 hearts by morphometric and correlation analyses of 45 morphometric parameters. PMID- 7236035 TI - [Morphological characteristics of acute perinatal respiratory viral infections]. AB - The incidence of influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial and adeno-virus antigens and morphological manifestations of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in infants were studied on the materials of 188 autopsies of fetuses and newborns dying in the first 168 hours of life, i.e. in the perinatal period. ARVI were shown to be highly prevalent in the perinatal period. Morphological manifestations of infections increased with the duration of life: from minimal manifestations in stillborns to marked viral lesions in newborns of 3-5 days of life. Signs of ARVI were observed also in a number of cases of the so-called "noninfectious pneumopathies". A peculiar kind of necrotic pneumonias in newborns is described which are characterized by the complete lack of cellular reaction around foci of necrosis of the lung tissue. PMID- 7236036 TI - [Mesotheliomas of the tunica vaginalis testis]. AB - Three observations of mesotheliomas of the vaginal sheath of the testis are described. In two cases the histological structure of the tumour corresponded to papillar mesothelioma, in one to fibromesothelioma. Direct transitions of the normal mesothelial lining of the testis sheaths through intermediate stages to typical tumour structures were discovered permitting to refute the disontogenetic nature of mesotheliomas of the testis. PMID- 7236037 TI - [Atypical Meckel's diverticulum as a cause of perforating ileal ulcer]. PMID- 7236038 TI - [Heterogeneity of changes in the myocardium outside the zone of disturbed coronary blood flow]. PMID- 7236039 TI - [Role of lipid peroxides and decrease in lipid antioxidant activity in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7236040 TI - [Patterns in the lesions of different sections of the hemopoietic system in leukemia]. AB - Morphological examinations of the hemopoietic system in 43 patients died of different forms of leukemias revealed irregular involvement into the leukemic processes of its different parts. Differences in the spread of leukemic lesions in the spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils and other lymphoid formations in lympho- and myeloleukemias were demonstrated. They are discussed from the point of view of the concept on metastatic involvement of different parts of the hemopoietic system in leukemias and on the importance in the development of these lesions of the cellular microenvironment. Also, the importance of atrophic changes of the thymus and other lymphoid structures as manifestations of immunological insufficiency which is one of the most significant conditions for the development of leukemia is discussed. PMID- 7236041 TI - [Histopathological characteristics of Legionella pneumophila infection in man and guinea pigs]. AB - The current histopathological aspects of legionnaires' disease, a newly discovered acute feverish disease accompanied by severe rapidly progressive pneumonias with 20% mortality are reviewed. Epidemic and sporadic cases of legionnaires' disease occurred both in the United States and many countries of Europe. The gross and microscopic pathology of autopsy specimens from patients with legionnaires' disease and pathological findings in guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with Legionella pneumophilla are discussed. Some methods for isolation of specimens for laboratory diagnosis in severe pneumonias suspect for legionnaires' disease are recommended. PMID- 7236042 TI - [Sinus histiocytosis in the differential diagnosis of a lymph node lesion in children]. AB - Possibilities and difficulties of morphological differential diagnosis of sinus histiocytosis in children aged between 3 and 9 years are discussed on the basis of data from the literature and three own observations. It is important to verify correctly the involvement of lymph nodes in children for using an adequate treatment. PMID- 7236043 TI - [Candidal sepsis in nursing infants]. AB - Four observations of Candida sepsis in young infants are described, analysing the pathways for fungus penetration, discussing the organ pathology and features of morphological reactions in infants. In one case primary immunodeficiency of the cellular-humoral type was established. PMID- 7236044 TI - [Morphological determinism]. AB - The historical experience of development of medical science is indicative of the close association of structurally-morphological and causal concepts in the theory of pathology. The former and the latter become closer. This gives grounds to distinguish the concept of morphological determinism as a system of universal associations intrinsic in the host and determining its reactions to the environmental effects. Morphological determining allows proper understanding of the integrity of a living organism, its structural organization, and substantiates the principle of the unity of the structure (morphology) and dynamics (functioning) in the theory of pathology. Synchronously and concomitantly running structural-morphological equivalent processes are always at the basis of all the functional changes. Therefore the concepts of the primary nature of functional and secondary nature of structural-morphological changes currently cannot be accepted to be correct, and the concept of functional diseases should be refuted as ungrounded. The cognitive value of morphological determinism is in that it orients the thinking and actions of physician towards the elucidation of the structure of a pathological process and brings each functional change to the appropriate morphological foundation at different levels of the organization of a living being down to the molecular level. PMID- 7236045 TI - [Myocardial ultrastructure in sudden cardiac death]. AB - The state of myocardial ultrastructure was studied on the materials of urgent autopsies in sudden cardiac death (SCD) of 27 men varying in ages from 24 to 60 years. Destructive ultrastructural changes as well as intact cardiomyocytes and cells with signs of true and "incompetent" hypertrophy were found in the myocardium in SCD. Considering a certain set of changes in myofibrils, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, the results of the study allow in each definite case of SCD to incriminate predominance of the hypoxia disorders or damages of the calcium nature, probably associated with an increased content of catecholamines in the myocardium. Alongside with alterations in cardiomyocytes, disorders in the myocardial microcirculation system were found which could further aggravate the insufficiency of the organ causing the sudden death. PMID- 7236046 TI - [Morphology of transplanted valves in patients with acquired heart defects]. AB - The investigation was based on the examinations of 85 aortal valves of man and swine after conservation in 1% betapropiolactone solution, 4% formaldehyde solution, 0.6% glutaraldehyde solution and after treatment with gamma-rays preceded by freezing. Besides, 38 allo- and xenotransplants of valves preserved by the above methods which had functioned in the mitral and tricuspidal positions in patients for 1 day to 9 years were examined. Implantation of the grafts was found to complete by 5-6 months. Irrespective of the period of functioning, no encapsulation and cusp formation occurred in the transplanted valves. The time course of destruction of cusp tissue of transplants after various periods of their functioning in the human heart was elucidated. The four main factors causing the development of destructive changes and insufficiency of transplanted valves were detected: biological, mechanical, hemodynamical, and septic. Moderate structural alterations slowly developing in transplanted valves previously preserved in glutaraldehyde and functioning for long periods in the tricuspidal position suggest that valve transplantation (with this method of preservation) in treatment of acquired valvular disease is encouraging. PMID- 7236047 TI - [DNA content of gastric mucosal epithelium in various diseases]. AB - Evaluation of DNA content in superficial epithelial cells of gastric mucosa by gastrobiopsy using the flow-through cytophotometric method revealed some differences in the distribution of DNA values in benign and carcinoma cases. The polymorphism of epithelial cells in benign gastric disorders is accompanied, as a rule, by an increase in the amount of cells in S and G2 + M phases of the cell cycle. In the cases with epithelial cell atypia, a small peak in the hypertetraploid range is often seen and DNA-histograms are identical with those in carcinoma of the stomach. Malignant specimens usually have an increased 3n and 4n DNA level and an obvious third peak at the hypertetraploid level. Different forms of carcinoma (adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated form) have their own distinguishing features in DNA content distribution. PMID- 7236049 TI - [Atelectases in surgical and nonsurgical patients (a clinicoanatomical analysis)]. AB - An analysis of the autopsy materials of the N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency for 20 years revealed 1181 atelectases including 442 in operated and 739 in nonoperated patients. In the former group atelectases occurred 2.5 times more frequently than in the latter, were more extensive and showed predominance of the reflectory, aspiration, and traumatic types. The relationship of the development of atelectasis and its extensiveness to the age, sex, kind of anesthesia, anatomic area, and duration of surgical intervention, as well as longevity of the patients in the postoperative period was established. PMID- 7236048 TI - [Characteristics of the reparative processes in the gastric mucosa in gastroduodenal ulcer]. AB - Comparative studies of reparative processes in the gastric mucosa were carried out in 96 experimental mice with acute (immobilization) and chronic (acetic acid applications) gastric ulcerations. The common features in both models of ulcerations were revealed: (1) marked reduction of the regeneratory potentials of the epithelium of the entire gastric mucosa early in the ulcer formation as an expression of a stress-reaction; (2) gradual increase of a proliferation pool more marked at the site of the ulcer formation; (3) a sharp increase in the number of DNA-synthesizing cells in the ulcer edges by the time of its morphological formation; (4) extension of the zone of DNA-synthesizing cells with the progression of proliferative processes in the gastric mucosa. The time course of morphological alterations in the gastric mucosa developing in immobilization stress and acetic acid applications reflects the regularities of the development of both local and general reactions of the compensatory-adaptative nature. PMID- 7236050 TI - [Changes in the heart in the carcinoid syndrome]. AB - An observation of carcinoid syndrome in a woman of 47 suffering from malignant carcinoid of the ileum with metastases into the liver and right ovary is described. The clinical picture included diarrhea, heat waves, bronchospasms, hypertension, hyperserotoninemia, affection of the mitral valve and left atrium. "Carcinoid plaques" in the endocardium formed due to excessive proliferation under the influence of serotonin and kinins of polypotent subendothelial cells followed by their differentiation into fibroblast-like and smooth-muscle elements and production of basophilic interstitial substance. The receding rheumatic affection of the mitral valve may be the cause of the predominant involvement of the left part of the heart. PMID- 7236051 TI - [Polyposis of the gallbladder]. AB - A rare observation of the gall bladder polyposis in a woman of 56 with clinical symptoms of chronic cholecystitis is described. In this case, polyposis of the gall bladder was combined with extensive extra- and intrahepatic lithiasis. The observation is compared with reports in the literature. PMID- 7236052 TI - [Dissection of the heart in congenital defects]. AB - The paper describes a method for opening the heart at autopsy and for pathological examinations of normally formed hearts, both with acquired and congenital diseases. The method is based on leaving the cardiac fibrous skeleton nondissected. This preserves the anatomical integrity of the intracardiac structures and their natural connections which is extremely important for pathological examination of the heart and its major vessels in congenital heart diseases, particularly in their complicated and rare types. PMID- 7236053 TI - [Determination of lactic acid in blood by enzymatic-spectrophotometry method in normal subjects]. AB - The authors carried out duplicate dosages of lactic acid in 20 normal patients (11 females and 9 males) ages ranged from 17 to 48 years. The spectrophotometric method was employed, and the values obtained from 0.69 to 4.21 mMol/L with a mean value of 1.5095 +/- 0.975. Some of the difficulties of the method and how to avoid them are discussed. PMID- 7236054 TI - [Budd-Chiari syndrome and oral contraceptives. Report of a case and review of the literature]. AB - One case of Budd-Chiari syndrome is described in a woman taking for 10 months oral contraceptive. The diagnosis was established by liver biopsy and inferior cavography. A review of the pertinent literature was made and the causal relationship between Budd-Chiari syndrome and oral contraceptive was considered. PMID- 7236055 TI - [Uremia, hydroelectrolytic and acid-base changes in kidney failure of chronic hepatopathies]. AB - The author presents 16 patients with chronic liver diseases that developed renal failure. The author emphasizes the picture characteristics as prolonged evolution of non-oliguric renal failure tending to the rise of serum sodium in 2 cases and fall of serum potassium and less seriousness of metabolic acidosis compensated by respiratory alkalosis, and a further patient with metabolic alkalosis and paradoxal acidury. The collection of these elements perhaps explain the evolution of the diseases in the patients without dialysing treatment measures. The clinic pictures should be considered as part of the alterations of terminal hepatic failure. PMID- 7236056 TI - [Definition of what is accepted as "organic" digestive disease and "functional" digestive disease]. AB - The classification of etiopathogenic factors in organic and functional ones, is not enough precise or clear. Whenever an anatomic or biochemical (metabolic, enzymatic or hormonal) cause exists, the disease is called "organic". Psychologic factors can account for "organic" or "functional" manifestations. A digestive disease is said to be functional, when, in spite of present knowledge, no anatomic or biochemical cause is found, whether or not psychologic factors are present. It would be simpler to adopt the multifactorial etiopathogenic concept multiple possible causes acting alone or in combination to produce the disease, because, in the great majority of digestive diseases, organic, functional and psychologic causes coexist. PMID- 7236057 TI - [Oral rehydration in pediatrics]. AB - A review of recent developments in the field of oral rehydration in pediatrics, is presented. To verify the viability of commercially available solution for oral rehydration, 4 available preparations were analysed. Small differences in electrolyte composition were observed but the preparations differed in osmolal content. These differences are explained by the different amounts of carbohydrate added to the electrolyte mixture. Due to their high osmolal content, some of the preparations are unsuitable for oral rehydration. PMID- 7236058 TI - [Pyloric diaphragm in an infant. A case report]. AB - A case of incomplete pyloric diaphragm in an infant is reported. The literature is reviewed and the clinical and radiological findings are presented. The surgical therapy consisted of resection of the diaphragm followed by a pyloroplasty. PMID- 7236059 TI - [Clinical meeting of the Brazilian Institute for Study and Research in Gastroenterology]. PMID- 7236060 TI - Organic mental syndrome and confusional states in Parkinson's disease. Relationship to computerized tomographic signs of cerebral atrophy. AB - Ninety-three patients with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, otherwise unselected, were specifically evaluated for organic mental syndrome (OMS) and other neurologic motor signs other than those referrable to extrapyramidal dysfunction; in addition, they had cranial computerized tomography (CT) to measure any structural changes in brain parenchyma. Cortical (sulci) atrophy and ventricular enlargement as CT signs of cerebral atrophy were correlated with different clinical patterns of the disease. An age-adjusted control population, with intact mentation, was similarly studied. The presence of classic OMS in a sizable segment of the usual parkinsonian population was invariably associated with CT signs of cerebral atrophy. Atrophic changes on CT scans, however, were not necessarily correlated with any intellectual dysfunction, or only weakly so, independent of age. The "typical" parkinsonian patients without evidence of OMS were indistinguishable from an age-adjusted control group with regard to structural changes in their scans. However, the parkinsonian patients with definite, permanent OMS and other focal neurologic deficit probably constitute a separate or distinct subset of the parkinsonian population, with a pathologic substrate more likely to be similar to that of the so-called Alzheimer-type dementias. Duration of the parkinsonian syndrome was not predictive of either mental status or scan findings, after adjustment for age as a factor. PMID- 7236061 TI - Role of platelets in vasogenic brain edema. II. Contribution of platelet serotonin in brain edema. AB - In this study of the function of platelets after CNS injury, platelets were treated with serotonin labeled with radioactive carbon (14C) in animals subjected to a freezing lesion of the cerebrum. The distribution of platelet serotonin was measured by counting the specific activity of 14C-labeled serotonin in tissue and by autoradiography. Some of the animals were treated with RA-233, which inhibits the formation of platelet plugs after endothelial damage and the release of serotonin from platelets. Platelet serotonin accumulated near the surface of the cortex at the site of injury in all animals. More cerebral edema developed in animals treated with the platelet inhibitor than in untreated animals, probably because platelet aggregates were inhibited from forming and were not available to plug leaks in the traumatized vessels. Serotonin did not appear to facilitate the spread of edema. PMID- 7236062 TI - Model of Wernicke's encephalopathy. AB - After a week on a thiamine-free diet and daily injections of pyrithiamine hydrobromide, a group of rats began to lose weight; soon thereafter hypothermia, piloerection, and ataxia developed, followed by convulsions and death. Neuropathologic examination disclosed hemorrhagic necrotic lesions in the thalamus, hypothalamus, collicular plate, vestibular nuclei, and inferior olives. The control groups did not show neurologic signs or neuropathologic abnormalities. The lesions in thiamine-deficient rats were similar in character and distribution to those of human Wernicke's disease. Because this experimental regimen produces neuropathologic changes rapidly and consistently, this animal model should be useful in studies designed to examine the pathophysiologic aspects of experimental Wernicke's disease in particular and CNS thiamine deficiency in general. PMID- 7236064 TI - Ischemic oculopathy. A manifestation of carotid artery disease. AB - Six patients experienced ischemic oculopathy, a condition in which there is ischemia in both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye caused by occlusive carotid artery disease. The abnormalities in the anterior segment include episcleral vascular congestion, anterior chamber flare and cells, a mid dilated, sluggish, or unreactive pupil, rubeosis iridis, and abnormal intraocular pressure. The posterior segment abnormalities include ischemic insults to the retina or optic nerve, venous-stasis retinopathy, and low ophthalmodynamometry values. Ophthalmodynamometry is particularly helpful in recognizing the pathogenesis of this disorder. Superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis surgery may have particular merit for patients with ischemic oculopathy. PMID- 7236063 TI - Clinical correlates of midline spikes. An analysis of 21 patients. AB - Twenty-one children had interictal EEGs showing spikes located at the Fz, Cz, and Pz electrodes; their EEGs were compared with those of age-matched children referred to our laboratory (group 1, 63 children) and children with C3 and C4 spikes (group 2, 41 children). Midline spikes correlated well with a history of seizures (91% vs 73% in group 1 and 76% in group 2) and neurologic abnormality (38% vs 29% in group 1 and 22% in group 2). No patient had progressive neurologic disease or brain tumor. There are two different possible mechanisms in the genesis of midline spikes. In the majority of children, midline spikes may represent generalized epileptiform abnormalities; in a small subgroup, they may be analogous to C3 and C4 spikes and be generated by a cortical epileptogenic focus. PMID- 7236065 TI - Visual evoked potentials in chiasmal gliomas in four adults. AB - Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded from four patients with surgically verified chiasmal gliomas. Despite good visual acuity, 6/12(20/40) or better in each eye, these patients showed substantially reduced VEP amplitudes to a diffuse flash stimulus and hardly detectable responses to a highly textured checkerboard pattern stimulus. The dissociation between evoked electrical activity and visual acuity is noteworthy; this differs from previously reported findings in patients with extrinsic compressing lesions of the chiasm or with lesions of demyelinating disease, which usually reduce VEP amplitude and increase conduction time in rough proportion to a loss of visual acuity. PMID- 7236066 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome complicating acute hepatitis B. A case with detailed electrophysiological and immunological studies. AB - A 61-year old man was seen for Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) complicating acute type B hepatitis. Results of detailed electrophysiological studies were characteristic of a severe peripheral neuropathy of the segmental demyelinating type. Immunological studies demonstrated cell-mediated sensitization to peripheral nerve basic protein. Twenty-six cases of GBS complicating viral hepatitis were analyzed for age, sex, temporal relationship of the onset of the hepatitis to that of the polyneuritis, and outcome. PMID- 7236067 TI - Correlation of EEG, computerized tomography, and clinical findings. Study of 100 patients with focal delta activity. AB - One hundred consecutive patients with continuous, focal, polymorphic delta activity on EEG who were also studied by computerized cranial tomography (CT) were reviewed. Sixty-eight percent showed focal structural lesions on CT, with stroke being the most frequent etiologic factor. Tumors occurred less often and trauma more frequently than in previous studies. Convulsions were the most frequent cause of focal delta activity with a normal scan. PMID- 7236069 TI - Cavernous hemangioma in the diencephalon. AB - A 32-year-old man with a history of delayed puberty and obesity was seen initially with bitemporal hemianopsia and headache in 1974. Neuroradiologic studies showed a mass in the chiasmatic cistern and hypothalamus. Surgical exploration of the chiasm was unrevealing. Slowly progressive memory loss and intellectual impairment developed. Necropsy in 1978 disclosed a large cavernous hemangioma in the diencephalon. PMID- 7236068 TI - Central dazzle. A thalamic syndrome? AB - A patient who experienced painless intolerance to light (dazzle) three months after a right posterior cerebral artery occlusion was shown by computerized tomography to have right occipital and right thalamic infarctions. His symptoms improved with amitriptyline hydrochloride and perphenazine therapy. The sensitivity to light, delayed onset, response to therapy, and presence of a thalamic lesion are analogous to the thalamic pain syndrome and suggest that central dazzle is a variant of the thalamic syndrome. PMID- 7236070 TI - Poly ICLC in the treatment of postinfectious demyelinating encephalomyelitis. AB - Three weeks after a mild and presumably infectious illness, a 21-year-old man developed a CNS disorder characterized by involvement of the cerebellum, cerebrum, and brainstem. It progressed, sometimes stepwise, without remission, over five months to being bedfast with total spastic paraplegia, severe ataxia, and unintelligible dysarthric speech. The CSF showed increased levels of protein, IgG, and myelin basic protein, as well as five oligoclonal bands. Because of failure of the patient's condition to respond to prolonged prednisone therapy, poly ICLC was given intravenously weekly for 20 weeks (median dose, 100 microgram/kg). Improvement, evident after the first dose, progressed to the point of ambulation with some assistance. Even though the relation of the patient's marked recovery to poly ICLC therapy remains unproved, this experience provides reason for considering a possible therapeutic role of the drug in postinfectious demyelinating encephalomyelitis and perhaps in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7236071 TI - Vidarabine therapy for herpes simplex encephalitis. The development of an unusual tremor during treatment. AB - A 33-year-old woman had an excellent response to vidarabine therapy after contracting herpes encephalitis. A dramatic tremor developed during the course of therapy but resolved after the drug was stopped. PMID- 7236072 TI - The medial medullary syndrome. AB - In a 55-year-old woman, the medial medullary syndrome developed owing to infarction of the left medullary pyramid, ventromedial portion of the inferior olivary nucleus, medial lemniscus, and hypoglossal nerve. The previously reported 14 cases of the medial medullary syndrome are reviewed, and their clinical features and topography of the medullary lesions are discussed. Like the lateral medullary syndrome, the medial medullary syndrome is closely associated with hypertension and atherosclerosis but has a higher incidence of bilateral involvement and a worse prognosis. PMID- 7236073 TI - Juvenile Niemann-Pick disease with vertical supranuclear ophthalmoplegia. Two cases reports and review of the literature. AB - Examination of two siblings who had histories of progressive decline in speech, intelligence, and coordination disclosed vertical supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, hepatosplenomegaly, and signs of diffuse CNS dysfunction. Niemann-Pick "foam cells" were found in the bone marrow of both patients. The features of these cases correlate in appearance and clinical findings with those of 21 other previously reported cases, which are reviewed in this article. Knowledge of the clinical manifestations of this particular variety of Niemann-Pick disease should aid in its earlier diagnosis. PMID- 7236074 TI - CSF perfusion to treat intraventricular penicillin toxicity. AB - A shunt infection and meningitis developed in a patient receiving methotrexate intravenously for CNS leukemia. Convulsions and respiratory failure followed the intraventricular administration of 300,000 units of penicillin G potassium. Perfusion with 900 mL of Ringer's lactate removed an amount of penicillin equal to that injected intraventricularly plus some from systemic treatment. PMID- 7236075 TI - Failure of corticosteroids to prevent carmustine-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a woman with astrocytoma. PMID- 7236076 TI - Bilateral facial myokymia following cardiopulmonary arrest. PMID- 7236077 TI - Cerebral infarction and disseminated intravascular coagulation with pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7236078 TI - Asymptomatic intracerebral hematoma as an incidental finding. PMID- 7236079 TI - CSF findings in primary lymphoma of the CNS. PMID- 7236080 TI - Periventricular leukomalacia. PMID- 7236081 TI - Trabeculectomy vs thermosclerostomy. A randomized prospective clinical trial. AB - In a prospective randomized clinical trial we compared the efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy and thermosclerostomy for the treatment of open angle glaucoma. Forty-eight eyes was treated by trabeculectomy and 50 eyes were treated by thermosclerostomy. The mean follow-up period was 2.7 years. Thermosclerostomy lowered intraocular pressure about 3 mm Hg lower than trabeculectomy on the average. However, the percentage of eyes with pressures less than 22 mm Hg was not different for the two operations. The main difference between trabeculectomy and thermosclerostomy was the number of complications. Postoperative flat anterior chamber, decrease in visual acuity, cataract, hypotony, and thin bleb with late perforation or infection all occurred more frequently after thermosclerostomy. In conclusion, although trabeculectomy is slightly less effective than thermosclerostomy in lowering pressure, its relative freedom from complications make it is more desirable filtering operation. PMID- 7236082 TI - The significance of baring of the circumlinear vessel. A prospective study. AB - Twenty-seven consecutive patients whose diagnoses were previously unestablished and who demonstrated baring of the circumlinear vessel underwent thorough ophthalmologic examinations. Evidence supporting optic nerve damage was found in 24 of these 27 patients. The majority of patients had either primary or secondary glaucoma, although neurologic, ischemic, and retinal causes of optic atrophy were also found. In the three patients in whom no cause was established, either unusual asymmetry or size of cupping was noted. Baring of the circumlinear vessel should alert the examiner to look for causes of optic nerve damage. PMID- 7236083 TI - The prognosis of corticosteroid-responsive individuals. AB - Response of intraocular pressure to topical corticosteroid administration is determined genetically, and the genes that determine corticosteroid responsiveness of IOP and primary open angle glaucoma are considered closely related. To elucidate the relationship between corticosteroid responsiveness and primary open angle glaucoma, 35 patients with high corticosteroid responsiveness were followed up without therapy for at least ten years. During the follow-up period, a sustained rises in IOP greater than 21 mm Hg developed in five of 22 originally normotensive subjects. In two cases, glaucomatous field changes were demonstrated along with pressure elevation. Of 13 originally ocular hypertensives, further rise of IOP associated with glaucomatous field changes developed in seven. Results strongly indicate that pressure elevation is more likely to develop in corticosteroid-responsive individuals and the glaucomatous field defects are more likely to develop in responsive are compared with nonresponsive subjects. PMID- 7236084 TI - Episcleral venous pressure. Differences between normal, ocular hypertensive, and primary open angle glaucomas. AB - The pressures of the episcleral veins of 20 normal patients, 29 patients with ocular hypertension, and 22 patients with treated primary open angle glaucoma were measured by an air pressure chamber device mounted on a slitlamp. The episcleral venous pressures (EVPs) of the patients with ocular hypertension were found to be significantly lower than those of the patients with glaucoma and the normal patients. The EVP was also found to be significantly negatively correlated with the ocular pressure (OP), so that the EVP decreases as the OP increases. A logarithmic model of the form EVP = 19.41 - 3.65 1n OP was found to best fit the data. PMID- 7236085 TI - A clinical comparison of three computerized automatic perimeters in the detection of glaucoma defects. AB - The ability to detect glaucomatous field defects of three automatic computerized perimeters (COMPETER, OCTOPUS, and PERIMETRON) was compared in a clinical study of 74 patients. This study included patients with glaucoma, those with suspected glaucoma in whom the visual fields were completely normal, and normal subjects. The reference fields were obtained by careful static and kinetic manual perimetry on the Tubinger perimeter. All the automatic instruments gave similar high rates of detection of visual field loss and low false-positive test results. Quantity conventional manual perimetry is necessary to support automatic perimetric results, but automatic perimeters already can do a large proportion of routine perimetric screening. PMID- 7236086 TI - Intraocular pressure and cardiovascular risk variables. AB - The relationship between intraocular pressure and several cardiovascular risk factors was evaluated in data from the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 1971 to 1974. Mean IOP increased with increasing age for all groups. Blacks tended to have slightly higher levels than did whites. Intraocular pressure was correlated positively with systemic blood pressure in all groups. The pattern of the association of IOP with hematocrit reading, sedimentation rate, pulse rate, and serum cholesterol level was not consistent in the four race-sex groups. In all groups the variables in a regression model accounted for, at most, 8% of the variability in IOP reading. PMID- 7236087 TI - One-hour intraocular pressure response to timolol. Lack of correlation with long term response. AB - The initial topical administration of 1 drop of 0.25% timolol maleate in 25 nontreated ocular hypertensive patients resulted in a significant reduction of mean intraocular pressure one hour later, from a baseline of 28.1 +/- 5.3 (mean +/- SD) mm Hg to 18.5 +/- 4.5 mm Hg. Two patients (8%) failed to show at least a 10% decreases in IOP one hour after the initial administration. After three to four weeks of twice a day unilateral therapy with 0.25% timolol, mean IOP increased to 21.1 +/- 4.2 mm Hg. At this time seven patients (28%) failed to obtain a 10% decrease in IOP from topical timolol administration. Changing to 0.5% timolol for three to four weeks did not cause an additional significant lowering of IOP (20.4 +/- 3.5 mm Hg). At this time five patients (20%) had less than a 10% reduction in IOP. The one-hour response failed to predict future IOP nonresponsiveness. PMID- 7236088 TI - Keratopathy associated with intracorneal glass. AB - A progressive nonedematous keratopathy developed in a 36-year-old patient after she was struck in the eye by glass fragments. Biopsy material that was examined by electron microscopy and electron beam microanalysis demonstrated the presence of intracorneal glass fragments, which could not be detected clinically. Retained intracorneal glass, generally thought to be completely inert, can be associated with a chronic keratopathy. PMID- 7236089 TI - Radiotherapy for idiopathic inflammatory orbital pseudotumor. Indications and results. AB - Supervoltage radiotherapy was used in 21 orbits of 19 patients with idiopathic inflammatory orbital pseudotumor. Seventeen orbits (15 patients) were initially treated with systemic corticosteroids, but recurrence of orbital inflammation during dosage tapering was the most frequent indication for radiotherapy. Fifteen orbits (14 patients) responded favorably, as judged by reduced proptosis, decreased lid edema and conjunctival injection, improved ocular motility, and increased visual acuity. Six orbits (five patients) did not improve with radiotherapy. Patients who were successfully treated with radiotherapy have been free of recurrence for a mean follow-up period of 25.05 months; these patients have not required further corticosteroid treatment or additional radiotherapy. Low-dose (1,000 to 2,000 rad) supervoltage radiotherapy seems to have a definite role in the management of idiopathic orbital pseudotumor in the following instances: (1) when corticosteroids fail or systemic complications are unacceptable (2) when signs and symptoms recur during decreasing corticosteroid dosage, and (3) when systemic corticosteroids are medically contraindicated. PMID- 7236090 TI - Multifocal choroidal melanoma in ocular melanocytosis. AB - A 29-year-old white women had ocular melanocytosis with scleral pigmentation and a diffuse choroidal nevus. The eye was enucleated because of two choroidal tumors. Light and electron microscopy showed two separate choroidal melanomas with differential cytologic characteristics. The extreme rarity of multicentric choroidal melanomas support the belief that ocular melanocytosis predisposes to malignancy. PMID- 7236091 TI - Angioarchitecture of the ciliary artery circulation of the posterior pole. AB - Morphologic findings on scanning electron microscopy of vascular cast of the posterior pole in primates are presented. The prelaminar region of the optic disc received the majority of its blood supply from the short posterior ciliary arteries, mainly from direct branches arising from peripapillary arterioles surrounding the optic nerve but also from indirect branches from the peripapillary choroid. The capillaries from this prelaminar region drained directly into the central retinal vein. The peripapillary choriocapillaris was a single layer of anastomosing capillaries supplied by precapillary choroidal arterioles. The peripapillary choriocapillaris was not seen to contribute to the vascular supply of the optic disc. Our results are in general agreement with those of previous scanning electron microscopy studies of the vascular supply of the distal part of the optic nerve. PMID- 7236092 TI - Density of goblet cells in vernal conjunctivitis and contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis. AB - Using light microscopy, the density of goblet epithelial cells was determined in the conjunctival epithelium of ten patients with vernal conjunctivitis, ten patients with contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis, and ten normal subjects. The median density was 13,000/cu mm for vernal conjunctivitis, 11,000/cu mm for giant papillary conjunctivitis, and 11,000/cu mm for normal subjects, a statistically insignificant difference. Increased mucus in vernal conjunctivitis and contact mucus in vernal conjunctivitis and contact lens associated giant papillary conjunctivitis is not accounted for by an increased density of goblet cells per cubic millimeter. It is probably caused by the greater surface area and thickness of epithelium, with a concomitant increase in the total number of goblet cells and increased mucus from nongoblet epithelial cells. PMID- 7236093 TI - Superoxide radical scavenging agents in treatment of alkali burns. An experimental study. AB - To test the hypothesis that superoxide radicals are involved in tissue destruction after alkali burns, superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid, and glutathione were used as superoxide radical scavenging agents. Daily subconjunctival injections were given in rabbit eyes after alkali burns. Both superoxide dismutase and ascorbic acid were effective in preventing corneal perforations. Glutathione did not show any beneficial effect. These experiments suggest that superoxide radical scavenging agents may be useful in the treatment of ocular alkali burns. PMID- 7236094 TI - Rabbit model of phlyctenulosis and catarrhal infiltrates. AB - Phlyctenules and catarrhal infiltrates of the human cornea have been described in association with staphylococcal blepharitis. Rabbits immunized and boosted with phenol-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus had a fourfold or greater increase in antibody titer to S aureus and delayed hypersensitivity to S aureus. After topical challenge with viable S aureus, the rabbits in this model had vascularized, elevated, nodular infiltrates of the cornea resembling phylctenules in humans and peripheral corneal infiltrates running parallel to the limbus and separated from it by a lucid interval resembling catarrhal infiltrates in humans. The nodular corneal infiltrates were found in a subepithelial location and were composed of vessels, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mononuclear cells, including lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. The peripheral corneal infiltrates separated from the limbus by a lucid interval were found in the anterior stroma beneath the corneal epithelium and were composed of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mononuclear cells. PMID- 7236095 TI - Loxoscelism of the eyelids. PMID- 7236096 TI - Lens opacities and senile maculopathy. AB - Analysis of data from a population survey, the Framingham Eye Study, shows that when the various senile lens changes are pooled, no associations with senile maculopathy are evident. Subgroup analysis shows the relative risk of senile maculopathy to be lower than 1.00 in the presence of nuclear sclerosis for all age groups and greater than 1.00 for persons between 52 and 74 years in the presence of cortical changes. Nuclear-cortical interaction tests are highly significant, indicating that nuclear sclerosis and cortical opacities have opposite effects on the relative risk of senile maculopathy. PMID- 7236097 TI - Stability of pars plana vitrectomy results for diabetic retinopathy complications. A comparison of five-year and six-month postvitrectomy findings. AB - The visual and anatomical findings in 164 eyes six months after vitrectomy were compared with the findings in these same eyes five years after vitrectomy. Those with good results tended to remain stable. Of the 77 eyes that had 6/60 or better visual acuity at the six-month examination, 64 (83%) continued to have as good or better vision at the five-year examination. Following the six-month examination, 85% of the irides without rubeosis remained without rubeosis, 84% of the vitreous cavities that were clear remained clear, and 94% of the maculae that were attached remained attached. PMID- 7236098 TI - Multivariate analysis in glaucoma. Use of discriminant analysis in predicting glaucomatous visual field damage. AB - A discriminant function obtained in 1978 to separate patients with glaucomatous visual field loss from those without visual field loss was shown to have a predictive value in ocular hypertensive persons as to the subsequent development of visual field loss in five years. A prospective discriminant analysis also was carried out to identify those factors that best separate those in whom visual field defects developed from those in whom they did not. PMID- 7236099 TI - Electrophysiologic findings in bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. AB - Electrophysiologic studies were performed on 17 patients with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. Since most patients were infants, the diffuse light visual evoked response was more helpful than the visual-evoked response obtained with pattern stimulation. In children over 1 year of age, the amplitude with diffuse light stimulation correlated well with other clinical measurements used to assess visual function. Before 6 months of age, it correlated better with visual prognosis than did clinical analysis. Photopic and scotopic electroretinographic measurements were normal in all except two in whom the scotopic b wave was supernormal. PMID- 7236100 TI - Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. V. Optic disc edema an early sign. AB - Four unusual patients had bilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). In all four cases, AION developed in the first eye with the classic presentation. The fellow eye had symptomless optic disc edema (ODE) with no subjective or objective visual loss initially, but the classic AION clinical picture developed later on. The findings indicate that symptomless ODE may precede the visual loss in AION and could constitute the earliest sign of this disease. Since ODE in AION is due to axoplasmic flow stasis that, by itself, does not produce visual loss (this is produced by disruption of visual impulse transmission), this would suggest that mild optic nerve head ischemia interferes with axoplasmic flow without disrupting the visual impulse; however, more severe ischemia would disrupt both. Possible effects of various grades of acute optic nerve head ischemia are discussed. PMID- 7236101 TI - Effect of blunt trauma on the corneal endothelium. AB - Specular microscopy of central corneal endothelium was performed on 26 patients with a history of blunt uniocular trauma with hyphema. Compared with the uninjured fellow eye, the injured eye had a mean decrease in endothelial cell density (ECD) of 6.4%. In 12 patients with angle recession, the decrease in ECD was 12.2%, compared with 14 patients without angle recession with a decrease in ECD of 1.2%. In five patients with greater than 180 degrees of angle recession, the mean decrease in ECD was 21.2%. No significant decrease in ECD was noted to be associated with size of hyphema, iridodialysis, vitreoretinal abnormalities, or transiently increased intraocular pressure. PMID- 7236102 TI - Granulomatous optic neuropathy. AB - A 24-year-old woman was seen with painless, progressive, unilateral visual acuity loss, optic nerve swelling, and opticociliary shunt vessels. Results of a skull series and conventional tomography showed enlargement and erosion of the optic canal. In addition, computed tomography (CT) disclosed a thickened optic nerve consistent with optic nerve sheath meningioma. A preoperative diagnosis of granulomatous optic neuropathy was based on the presence of mild posterior uveitis, "snowball" opacities in the vitreous ("string of pearl" sign), and a slightly elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme level. A specimen from a biopsy by means of a craniotomy indicated granulomatous optic nerve involvement with chiasmal invasion. The systemic effects of steroids for six months resulted in a modest improvement of visual acuity and restoration of normal optic nerve structure on repeated CT. PMID- 7236104 TI - Surgical scars after trepanotrabeculectomy. AB - Trabeculectomy has proved to be superior to the classic filtering glaucoma operations. The final postoperative surgical scars should determine the most desirable technique. In this article, the scars observed in 73 eyes after primary trepanotrabeculectomy were followed up for two to eight years. Fifty-six of 73 eyes (80%) showed flat scars covered by normal conjunctiva without avascular cystic areas, no evidence of external filtration, and normalized intraocular tension. These scars did not impair the anatomic integrity of the eye and remained unchanged during the years. PMID- 7236103 TI - Blepharospasm surgery. An anatomical approach. AB - Essential blepharospasm is an idiopathic, progressively debilitating disease leading to blindness. Years of forceful spasms result in brow ptosis, dermatochalasis, and, frequently, levator aponeurosis and lateral canthal tendon defects. Following standard neurectomy procedures, the facies droop, brow ptosis and dermatochalasis worsen, and ptosis and canthal tendon laxity suddenly become more evident. We describe a procedure involving meticulous extirpation of all accessible orbicularis oculi, procerus, corrugator superciliaris, and facial nerves in postorbicular fascia. This extirpation of eyelid protractors is combined with browplasty with fixation to frontalis and reinforcement of the levator aponeurosis to strengthen the retractors. Our technique opens the eye just as effectively as standard facial neurectomy procedures, simultaneously corrects associated anatomical deformities, and avoids facial paralysis. Gratifying results were obtained in 15 patients followed up for six to 38 months. PMID- 7236105 TI - Comparative studies of corneal surface injury in the monkey and rabbit. AB - This animal study of corneal surface injury using acid, alkali n-heptanol, iodine, keratectomy, or scraping, despite morphologic differences from the human, simulated the human response to these forms of trauma. The rabbit and monkey thus remain useful models for the study of the effects of chemical and physical injury on the corneal surface. Although abnormalities in the basement membrane complex seem to play an important role in corneal epithelial adhesion problems, the presence of a poor substratum on which adhesion complexes must in turn rely for their stromal attachment is also an important factor. PMID- 7236106 TI - Fluorescein angiography. Demonstration of flow pattern of anterior ciliary arteries. AB - With fluorescein angiography of the episcleral region at two frames per second, the wide, tortuous vessels perforating the sclera near the limbus were shown to first fill with fluorescein at an average of 19 s after intravenous injection of fluorescein. These perforating vessels should be called the anterior ciliary arteries because they are the first vessels to fill with fluorescein, fill at the same time the iris fills, give out branches, have higher pressure compared with veins, and show pulsations when the pressure is applied to them. In addition in most cases, distinctly different veins that fill laminarly or fully were seen. The first filling with fluorescein occurred at the scleral perforation point and proceeded posteriorly toward the recti muscles. This finding is in contrast to the accepted concept that the anterior ciliary arteries, as the continuation of the muscular arteries, as the continuation of the muscular arteries, fill from the region of the recti muscles. No significant differences were observed in the fluorescein angiographic patterns of the episcleral vessels between normal eyes, ocular hypertensive eyes, and eyes with primary open angle glaucomas. PMID- 7236107 TI - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte response. Inhibition following corneal epithelial denudation by steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. AB - Topically administered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), indomethacin (0.5%), flurbiprofen (0.01%), and aspirin (0.5%), as well as the steroidal anti inflammatory drug 1% prednisolone acetate but not dexamethasone (0.1%) or fluorometholone (0.1%) inhibited the acute polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) response following partial and complete corneal de-epithelialization. Intraperitoneal doses of indomethacin (100 mg/kg), flurbiprofen (100 mg/kg), and aspirin (600 mg/kg) inhibited the PMN response after partial de epithelialization, but only indomethacin (100 mg/kg) inhibited the PMN response following complete corneal de-epithelialization. Conjunctival prostaglandin biosynthesis was inhibited effectively at these doses by indomethacin and flurbiprofen. These results suggest that indomethacin is more consistent than either flurbiprofen or aspirin in blocking the PMN response following partial or complete epithelial denudation. However, topical applications of flurbiprofen is 50 times more potent than indomethacin in blocking the PMN response and partial corneal denudation. PMID- 7236108 TI - S-antigen uveitis in primates. A new model for human disease. AB - Uveitis was induced rhesus monkeys immunized with purified retinal S-antigen. Focal retinal and subretinal infiltration, in addition to periphlebitic changes, were observed histologically. Immunized monkeys had similar cell-mediated in vitro immune responses to the S-antigen as do humans with posterior uveitis. Circulating immune complexes at the time of disease could not be detected. This primate model supports the notion that the S-antigen may play a role in human uveitis. PMID- 7236109 TI - Corneal topography. Corneascope. AB - We present an introduction to a clinical quantitative corneascope for measurement of corneal topography in detail. This instrument provides contour keratometry in all corneal meridians. We review the normal myopic and hyperopic eye contours, keratoconus, pellucid marginal degeneration, and wound gape and compression related to cataract surgery. We present a modified Placido disk for office use that incorporates the unique incident light image of the corneascope for rapid review of irregular corneal contours. Corneal topography irregularities frequently contribute to devastating refractive states of the eye and should be examined carefully when keratorefractive surgery is considered. PMID- 7236110 TI - Visual acuities in infants with congenital cataracts operated on prior to 6 months of age. AB - Seven infants with complete bilateral cataracts were operated on and fitted with extended-wear silicone contact lenses. The infants were matched to 16 normal control subjects. A modified preferential looking technique was used to assess visual acuity; the Bayley Scale of infant Development was administered to measure psychological development. Of the seven infants with cataracts, those operated on prior to 8 weeks of age seemed to have normally developing vision. All others showed a substantial visual lag when compared with the control group. Bayley scores for infants operated on early (before 8 weeks) fell within the range of normal variability. The infants operated on later demonstrated a statistically significant lag in development. Also, a pendular nystagmus was noted in those infants with cataracts who were operated on later. PMID- 7236112 TI - Removing the embedded fish hook. PMID- 7236111 TI - Assessment for rehabilitation in the home. AB - Rehabilitation os often regarded as something which happens to a disabled wage earner in a specialized institution after completion of 'acute' hospital treatment. If regarded as a matter of comprehensive care, however, rehabilitation involves every practising doctor, and cannot be confined to specialized centres. PMID- 7236113 TI - Independent living centres. PMID- 7236114 TI - Management of the incontinent patient. Practical guidelines for home care. AB - Probably no condition produces such an emotive reaction on the part of both patient and care-giver as that of incontinence. It has profound implications psychosocially to both parties, and is often erroneously viewed as an inevitable corollary of the ageing process, being one of the most damning hallmarks of decline, and a potent cause of rejection. This article suggests practical ways in which incontinence can be coped with at home. PMID- 7236115 TI - Urinary tract infections as a disability. PMID- 7236116 TI - Augmentation of E-rosette formation by lymphocytes of cancer patients stimulated in vitro with tumor extracts. AB - The ability of tumour extracts to augment E-rosette formation by cancer patients' lymphocytes was demonstrated for colorectal carcinoma, breast carcinoma and melanoma. Positive augmentation reactions were obtained with 14 to 20 patients tested with extracts related to their own tumour types. Some lack of specificity was suggested by 5 positive reactions in the same patients tested with unrelated extracts. No false positives were found in normal subjects. The technique is simple, rapid and appears to depend on tumour-associated antigens in the extracts. Simultaneous leucocyte adherence inhibition tests on split samples of blood had a high degree of sensitivity and specificity, confirming the potential reactivity of the leucocytes and extracts used. PMID- 7236117 TI - Studies of surface markers on canine lymphocytes. AB - Canine lymphoid cell preparations from blood, lymph node, spleen, thoracic-duct lymph and thymus were examined for the presence of such surface markers as surface immunoglobulin, thymic-specific antigen, Fc receptor and E-rosette formation with normal (E) and neuraminidase-treated (EN) human red blood cells. E RFC and EN-RFC were further isolated and tested for reactivity in mixed lymphocyte culture. PMID- 7236118 TI - Properties of a murine lymphokine that augments E-rosette formation. AB - Antigenic stimulation of spleen mononuclear cells from contact-sensitized mice produced a soluble factor that enhanced the formation of E-rosettes by human lymphocytes in vitro. Production of this murine E-rosette augmenting factor (E RAF) occurred over a narrow range of antigen concentrations, was hapten-specific, and depended on T-lymphocytes. The factor was not dialysable, in contrast to other substances extracted from normal leucocytes. Murine E-RAF is thus a lymphokine whose action is not species restricted. It was readily detected 30 min after contact of cells with antigen. E-RAF formation by spleen cells and delayed type hypersensitivity reactions were elicited over a similar period after contact sensitization of mice. PMID- 7236120 TI - Ascorbic acid in intestinal tissues. AB - About a fifth of the ascorbic acid is readily lost from intestinal tissue during handling procedures such as washing with saline and blotting. Further losses occur during incubation in Krebs-phosphate saline; after 10 min strips of intestine retained 80% of their original ascorbic acid content and chopped tissue only 50%. This suggests that some of the intestinal ascorbic acid is very loosely held in the tissue. The small intestine is capable to accumulating double the normal amount of ascorbic acid when animals are dosed intramuscularly and retains some ascorbic acid (0.7 to 5 microgram/mg DNA) even when the animals' body stores are depleted. PMID- 7236119 TI - A soluble cytotoxic factor from macrophages. PMID- 7236121 TI - Cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice: disease patterns in reconstituted nude mice of several genotypes infected with Leishmania tropica. AB - BALB/c mice differ from CBA/H, (CBA/H x BALB/c)F1 and C57BL/6 mice in being highly susceptible to infection with a particular isolate of the intramacrophage protozoan parasite, Leishmania tropica. This is true over a wide range of challenge doses of promastigotes administered intradermally although, at low doses, male BALB/c are able to restrict the rate at which cutaneous lesions increase in size. Resistance to infection in highly susceptible hypothymic nude (nu/nu) mice of CBA/H and C57BL/6 genotypes can be achieved readily with as few as 10(6) syngeneic lymphoid cells. In CBA/H.nu/nu mice, Lyl+2- cells in low dose cellular inocula appear to be involved in restoring resistance (i.e. rapid resolution of infection). Surprisingly, a proportion of BALB/c.nu/nu mice injected with syngeneic lymphoid cells are resistant and thus differ from intact BALB/c mice or non-reconstituted BALB/c.nu/nu mice. In keeping with a high efficacy of limited numbers of T cells following minimal reconstitution, the majority of nude mice implanted subcutaneously with allogeneic, irradiated, neonatal thymus grafts are resistant to L. tropica infection. Genetic features of the nude mouse, such as defect in skin, may contribute to the extraordinary potency of T cell reconstitutive manipulations. Evidence was obtained that BALB/c.nu/nu skin on BALB/c.nu/+ recipients did not support the development of lesions as readily as normal skin sites. PMID- 7236122 TI - Changes in human milk composition during the initiation of lactation. AB - Studies were undertaken to determine the progressive changes and relationships between the major constituents in the mammary secretion of breast feeding and non breast feeding women during the initiation of lactation. The concentration of metabolites (lactose, glucose and urea), electrolytes and proteins (total protein, alpha-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, albumin, IgA, IgG and IgM) were measured in small samples of mammary secretion (0 . 5-5 . 0 ml). Colostrum during late pregnancy contained higher concentrations of proteins and lower concentrations of metabolites than milk in established lactation. Of the electrolytes, the concentrations of sodium, chloride and magnesium were higher, whereas potassium and calcium were lower in colostrum than in milk. The osmolality of the secretion remained relatively constant over the pre-partum and post-partum period. These findings showed that the initiation of lactation developed in two phases, first a limited secretion of milk constituents in late pregnancy and then true induction of lactation (lactogenesis) 32-40 h after delivery. The changes in the mammary secretion of non-breast feeding women during the first 3 days post-partum were similar to those observed in breast feeding women but reversed abruptly during the next 6 days, indicating the onset of mammary involution. This finding demonstrated that breast feeding is not a major factor for the initiation of lactation but is essential for the continuation of full lactation. PMID- 7236124 TI - A study of the growth requirements of human tumour cells in tissue culture. AB - The effect of potential growth enhancing substances and other environmental factors on the growth of human cells in culture were examined. For all the cell lines tested the optimum pH range was 7 . 45-7 . 55. Optimum osmolality varied with different cell lines, optimum values being 240 milliosmoles/kg for melanoma cell lines and foetal fibroblasts, 260 milliosmoles/kg for adult fibroblasts and 300 milliosmoles/kg for a breast cancer cell line. A number of hormones were found to affect the growth of the cell lines examined. Insulin and hydrocortisone enhanced the growth of all the tumour cells tested, whereas 17 beta-oestradiol enhanced the growth of breast cancer cells but inhibited the growth of melanoma cells and fibroblasts. Stilboestrol inhibited the growth of all the cell lines but prolactin enhanced the growth of melanoma cells and inhibited fibroblast cell growth. Addition of galactose to the medium stimulated the growth of all cell lines tested, whereas sucrose and fructose resulted in stimulation of tumour cell growth but had little effect on fibroblasts. alpha-thioglycerol and beta mercaptoethanol enhanced the growth of the tumour cells but had little effect on the growth of fibroblasts. A modified medium has been formulated which enhanced the growth of all the cell lines used when compared with McCoy's 5A medium. PMID- 7236123 TI - Muscle lipids in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - The lipids of muscle and adipose tissue from normal males and of muscle from males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were investigated. Triglyceride, the major neutral lipid, showed similar fatty acid compositions in all tissues examined. When the phospholipids of dystrophic muscle and of normal adipose tissue were compared with those of normal muscle, it was found that there was an increase in the proportion of sphingomyelin in dystrophic muscle, while adipose tissue had higher proportions of sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine but lower choline phosphoglyceride. In dystrophic muscle only small alterations from normal were observed in the fatty acid compositions of the individual phospholipids, whereas the phospholipids of adipose tissue had quite distinctive fatty acid compositions. An atrophic muscle sample resulting from poliomyelitis consisted almost entirely of connective tissue and fat and had a phospholipid composition similar to that of adipose tissue. From a comparison of the results for all the types of tissue studied, it is evident that the increase in sphingomyelin in dystrophic muscle biopsies and the changes in the fatty acid compositions of individual phospholipids may be accounted for by the increased amounts of fat and connective tissue which are present in dystrophic muscle samples. In a case each of polymyositis, limb girdle muscular dystrophy and an autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy, the results obtained for the phospholipid composition of the muscle sample were also normal or consistent with some contamination from fat and connective tissue. PMID- 7236125 TI - Techniques of physiotherapy in intubated babies with the respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7236126 TI - Management of severe craniofacial deformity. PMID- 7236127 TI - Hexachlorophene--time to stop. PMID- 7236128 TI - Predictive factors for child abuse. PMID- 7236129 TI - A study of the relationship of ninety background, developmental, behavioural and medical factors to child hood accidents. A report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study. PMID- 7236130 TI - Smoking behaviour of Tasmanian high school pupils. PMID- 7236131 TI - Symptoms of presentation in hyperactive and clinic children. PMID- 7236132 TI - Infant feeding practices and lactation diets amongst Vietnamese immigrants. PMID- 7236133 TI - The incidence and presentation of cystic fibrosis in Victoria 1955-1978. PMID- 7236134 TI - Congenital intrinsic duodenal obstruction: a comparative review of associated anomalies. PMID- 7236135 TI - Neonatal intracranial haemorrhage: a study using computerised tomography. PMID- 7236136 TI - Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis with toxic megacolon: two case reports in children. PMID- 7236137 TI - Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (poikiloderma congenitale) associated with hydrocephalus. PMID- 7236138 TI - Handedness and right-left discrimination. PMID- 7236140 TI - A simplified procedure for long-term catheterisation of the anterior vena cava in adult pigs. PMID- 7236139 TI - Senecio lautus toxicity in cattle. AB - Mortalities and a poor growth syndrome in cattle in the Hunter River valley of New South Wales were associated with pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity caused by Senecio lautus (common fireweed). A clinical problem of poor growth rate on a large property, where S. lautus was very common, was associated with consistent evidence of some degree of hepatic pyrrolizidine alkaloid lesions in young growing cattle and cows. S lautus subsp maritimus from this property caused the death of 2 experimentally fed calves within 77 days and depressed growth rate in a third calf. Pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis was evident histopathologically in the liver, biliary tree and gall bladder and other organs, especially kidney, of these calves. Histopathology of liver biopsy samples was the most sensitive monitoring technique of those used to indicate exposure to pyrrolizidine alkaloids in this investigation. PMID- 7236141 TI - Induced thiamin deficiency in lambs. AB - By following a feeding regimen which consistently induced polioencephalomalacia in pre-ruminant lambs it was possible to study certain characteristics just before the terminal stage in polioencephalomalacia. There was always a marked deficit in erythrocyte precursors in bone marrow and this preceded any pathological changes in the brain. Erythrocyte transketolase activity decreased in control lambs, and decreased to an even greater extent in thiamin-deficient lambs. Glucose was the only substrate of those measured which was used by the brain, and its rate of use was not affected by thiamin deficiency. After a single intravenous injection of 35S-thiamin, the decrease of 35S in the plasma was consistent with its dispersal into two pools: the half-time of disappearance of 35S into the slowly equilibrating pool was less in thiamin-deficient lambs than in their controls. Characteristics which were not altered in thiamin deficiency were concentrations of calcium and magnesium in various regions of brain and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in plasma. PMID- 7236142 TI - The prevalence and epizootiology of salmonellosis among groups of horses in south east Queensland. AB - Over a 3-year period, 1178 faecal samples were cultured from 462 horses admitted to the equine clinic of the University of Queensland; 185 samples were positive for salmonella yielding 213 isolations consisting of 21 serotypes. S. anatum was the predominant serotype isolated (54%) followed by S. ohio (11.27%) and S. typhimurium (9.4%). One hundred and ten horses (23.81%) were positive on one or more occasion, and 42 (9.09%) on more than one occasion. S. anatum was the most common serotype isolated (71.43%) from the main drains in the stable block (33.57% positive samples). The prevalence of salmonella excretors among a large non-clinic population of horses in south east Queensland was 1.65%. Acute salmonellosis did not occur in the hospitalised animals. However, salmonellas were incriminated in 6 cases of chronic diarrhoea, which all yielded S. anatum, although the most severe involved both S. anatum and S. typhimurium, and these serotypes were isolated from multiple locations at the subsequent autopsy of 3 cases. PMID- 7236143 TI - Melioidosis with acute meningoencephalomyelitis in a horse. AB - A case of acute meningoencephalomyelitis caused by infection with Pseudomonas pseudomallei is described. Clinically there was inability to stand, opisthotonus, facial paralysis and nystagmus, rapidly progressing to violent struggling. Gross examination revealed malacia and haemorrhage in the medulla oblongata and adjacent spinal cord. Microscopically there were disseminated focal neutrophilic accumulations in affected areas, perivascular cuffing with mononuclear cells and lymphocytes and marked oedema. Intracellular bacteria were identified in sections stained by the Giemsa method. PMID- 7236144 TI - Eperythrozoon ovis recorded in Tasmania in association with Heinz body development. PMID- 7236145 TI - The profession's prospects and problems. PMID- 7236146 TI - Demodectic mange in a cat. PMID- 7236147 TI - Vaccination against canine parvovirus. PMID- 7236148 TI - Intra-testicular haemorrhage in a merino ram. PMID- 7236149 TI - Occurrence of mycoplasmas in clinically normal goats. PMID- 7236150 TI - Staphylococcal dermatitis and mastitis. PMID- 7236151 TI - Does ruminal metabolism of mimosine explain the absence of Leucaena toxicity in Hawaii? PMID- 7236152 TI - Urolithiasis in goats. PMID- 7236153 TI - Development of a highly infective Babesia bigemina vaccine of reduced virulence. AB - The virulence of a strain of Babesia bigemina was reduced by syringe passaging at 3 to 16-week intervals in a series of 7 calves. The calves were splenectomised 1 to 14 weeks after inoculation to induce the relapse parasitaemias used for passaging. Parasites taken at relapse from the last 3 calves in the series were inoculated into splenectomised calves from which highly parasitised blood for vaccine was obtained. The vaccine produced mild infections in 32 recipient cattle. When challenged either 5 weeks or 7 months after vaccination, the cattle had substantial immunity to a heterologous strain of B. bigemina. PMID- 7236155 TI - Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some coal tar skin preparations. PMID- 7236154 TI - The skin changes in scleroderma (systemic sclerosis). PMID- 7236156 TI - Cutaneous secondary deposits. PMID- 7236157 TI - The combination of oral and topical psoralen with UVA. PMID- 7236158 TI - Further study of the use of clofazimine in discoid lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7236159 TI - Anatomy and radiography of the temporal bone. PMID- 7236160 TI - Radiation exposure to the lens of the eye in temporal bone radiography. PMID- 7236161 TI - Radiology in the management of chronic suppurative otitis media. PMID- 7236162 TI - Radiology in the detection and management of tracheal stenosis. PMID- 7236163 TI - Variant pulmonary lobation. PMID- 7236164 TI - Radiological-pathological correlations in pulmonary disease: a simplified method for the study of post-mortem lungs. PMID- 7236165 TI - C.T. demonstration of a thoracic aortic aneurysm: a case report. PMID- 7236166 TI - Leiomyoma of the oesophagus. PMID- 7236167 TI - Hydatid disease in children and adolescents. PMID- 7236168 TI - Ultrasonography of cystic liver disease. PMID- 7236169 TI - Oral contraceptive-induced hepatic adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia. PMID- 7236170 TI - Echogenic splenic cyst: a mis-diagnosis. PMID- 7236171 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. PMID- 7236172 TI - Alternatives to radical neck dissection. The M.D. Anderson Approach. PMID- 7236173 TI - The treatment of locally advanced breast cancer. A discussion document. PMID- 7236175 TI - Energy band selection in radiology by K absorption edge filtration. PMID- 7236174 TI - Adverse reactions to radiographic contrast media administered by the intravascular route. PMID- 7236176 TI - The effects of lidocaine on the ventricular fibrillation threshold and primary ventricular fibrillation following acute experimental coronary occlusion. AB - Experiments were performed on 39 anaesthetized open-chest dogs (BW 16-33 kg) to examine the effect of lidocaine on the frequency of primary ventricular fibrillation (VF) and the time course of the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) (train of stimuli-method) following acute coronary artery occlusion, and also to study the effects of lidocaine on the VFT of non-ischaemic heart at different therapeutic and high non-therapeutic doses. At effective plasma levels of lidocaine usually reached in clinical therapy (130-480 micrograms/l) there was no measurable increase in VFT compared to control values. The drop in VFT following acute ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was neither eliminated nor even merely diminished. After occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery (CIR), the incidence of spontaneous VF was not reduced in comparison to a control group. With regard to the doses administered and the plasma levels of lidocaine achieved, only the application of clinically extremely high or toxic doses resulted in increases in VFT in the non-ischaemic heart. PMID- 7236177 TI - Protein synthesis in the isolated perfused rat heart. Effects of mechanical work load, diastolic ventricular pressure and coronary pressure on amino acid incorporation and its transmural distribution into left ventricular protein. AB - The mechanisms involved in hypertrophy of the left ventricle were studied in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts by measuring the ventricular protein synthesis and its transmural distribution and by differentiating between the effects of changes in mechanical work load, intraventricular and coronary pressures. An increase in the aortic pressure from 7.85 kPa (80 cm of water) to 19.6 kPa (200 cm of water) in beating hearts increased phenylalanine incorporation into left ventricular protein from 1.4 to 2.0 mumol/g protein (p less than 0.02) during a two-hour perfusion. The protein synthesis was transmurally evenly distributed. A similar elevation in the perfusion pressure in potassium arrested hearts caused an increase in phenylalanine incorporation from 1.5 to 1.9 mumol/ (p less than 0.05) when the intraventricular pressure was adjusted to zero, indicating that the increase in aortic (coronary) pressure and not the work load per se was the reason for increased protein synthesis. Elevation of the end-diastolic pressure from zero to approximately 2 kPa in beating hearts at an aortic pressure of 7.85 kPa, or from 7.85 kPa to 17.3 kPa in K+-arrested hearts, at an aortic pressure of 19.6 kPa caused a significant reduction in subendocardial protein synthesis, whereas subepicardial phenylalanine incorporation was at most only slightly affected. The energetic parameters, oxygen consumption, output of vasoactive purine compounds and distribution of coronary flow indicate that the increase in protein synthesis via the elevation in aortic pressure was not due to the abolition of partial anoxia, whereas the same parameters indicate that the transmural gradient in protein synthesis observed under certain conditions was due to subendocardial ischemia when the intraventricular pressure approached the aortic pressure in arrested hearts, which are evidently of restricted use for extended periods without special measures to limit the build-up of intraventricular pressure. PMID- 7236180 TI - [Interfragmental pressure measurement in osteosyntheses with external compression and distraction apparatus]. PMID- 7236181 TI - [Hoffmann's external fixator in orthopedics and traumatology]. PMID- 7236178 TI - The influence of reduced serum potassium level on the toxicity of some cardenolides in guinea pigs. AB - Recent experiments on the pharmacological properties of the semisynthetic cardiotonic steroid strophanthidin-3-bromoacetate (SBA) have challenged the well known potassium digitalis antagonism in isolated heart muscle preparations. In order to establish these results in vivo, the minimum lethal doses (LDmin) of ouabain (OUA), digoxin (DO), digotoxin (DT), k-strophanthidin (STR) and SBA were determined by the infusion toxicity method in guinea pigs at normokalemia and hypokalemia. The experimentally induced decrease of the serum potassium concentration (5.0 mmoles/l vs. 3.3 mmoles/l) significantly reduced the LDmin of DO (1.42 vs. 1.05 mumoles/kg), DT (1.78 vs. 1.24 mumoles/kg) and STR (20.16 vs. 15.98 mumoles/kg), whereas the LDmin of OUA (0.37 vs. 0.34 mumoles/kg) was not altered. Contrary, the LDmin of SBA was even slightly, but not significantly increased during hypokalemia (16.77 vs. 19.04 mumoles/kg). In addition, from the experimental data an optimum time of infusion (Topt), corresponding to the LDmin, can be derived, which is equivalent to the time for optimum "utilization" of the drug. The obtained sequence: STR less than OUA less than DO less than DT less than SBA represents the well-known differences in the onset of the pharmacological action in man resp. animal. Hypokalemia in general resulted in a shortening of the Topt, thus indicating a more rapid "utilization" of the drug tested. The above differences of the cardenolide action at reduced serum potassium concentration may be dependent on the recently reported divergent influence of potassium on the association- resp. dissociation rate constants for the interaction of these drugs with their binding site at the Na+-K+-ATPase. PMID- 7236179 TI - Quantitative data on the afterload dependence of left ventricular dp/dtmax in isolated canine hearts. AB - In 15 canine heart-lung preparations the effect of an increase in aortic pressure on left ventricular dP/dtmax was tested. Abrupt elevation of aortic pressure by 20-80 mm Hg during diastole without change in enddiastolic pressure did not influence left ventricular dP/dtmax in the following heart beat. Left ventricular circumference increased slightly. Stepwise elevation of aortic pressure from 60 to 130 mm Hg (LVEDP maintained constant) resulted in an augmentation of the steady-state values of dP/dtmax by only 42 mmHg/s per 10 mmHg pressure rise. If the enddiastolic pressure was not maintained constant, the increase in dP/dtmax was 77 mm Hg/s per 10 mm Hg pressure rise. Aortic pressure alterations exhibit a slight but significant influence on left ventricular contractility in the steady state phase, while an acute effect is not detectable, thus demonstrating that a sudden increase in coronary perfusion pressure is without immediate effect on the cardiac performance. PMID- 7236182 TI - [Experience with different types of apparatus for external fixation]. PMID- 7236183 TI - [Results of compression-distraction osteosynthesis using W. Kalnbers' apparatus in the management of pseudarthroses of the tibia]. PMID- 7236184 TI - [Indications and experiences with external fixators on the upper extremity]. PMID- 7236185 TI - [Operative management of injuries and diseases of the hand using the external manifixator]. PMID- 7236186 TI - [Classification of chronic capsule instabilities of the knee joint. Part I. Anatomy and diagnosis]. PMID- 7236187 TI - [Stress fractures of the patella]. PMID- 7236188 TI - [Operative management of sub-capital humerus fractures]. PMID- 7236190 TI - [Manual therapeutic aspects of hip dysplasia - study with newborns]. PMID- 7236191 TI - [Swimming as therapy in diseases and injuries of the motor apparatus]. PMID- 7236189 TI - [Roentgenologic dynamics following dorsal decompression spondylodesis in uncomplicated fractures of the spine with fixation of the vertebrae by a tension bar]. PMID- 7236192 TI - [Orthopedic therapy in crus varum congenitum and congenital lower leg pseudarthrosis]. PMID- 7236193 TI - [Comment on E.G. Metz's article; "Pathologic hypermobility in the head joint region: a case of os odontoideum"]. PMID- 7236194 TI - [Differentiation of beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from genital organs and fetuses of horses]. PMID- 7236195 TI - [Tryptic organ digestion as a method for demonstration of extraintestinal stages in Cystoisospora spp. infections (brief report)]. PMID- 7236196 TI - [Electric benumbing of chicken using an alternating current, of 50 Hz, its effect on heart activity and the importance of heart activity in exsanguination]. PMID- 7236197 TI - Prenatal differentiation of colliculus superior in the rat. AB - Up till emybryonic day (ED) the 13 the prenatal histogenesis of rat mesencephalic roof is characterized by an exclusive proliferation of ventricular cells. Then the first differentiating postmitotic cells are found above the ventricular layer, so that proliferation and differentiation occur simultaneously. On ED 15 a lamination typical for embyronic CNS with ventricular, subventricular, intermediate layers and stratum zonale can be observed in the area of presumptive colliculus superior. A definite demarcation between ventricular and subventricular layers, however, is only possible by means of autoradiograpahic methods. At the end of gestation the lamination of adult colliculus superior is already noticeable. During early prenatal development, cells which originate on one single day can autoradiographically be demonstrated in different cell layers and particularly over the whole width of the intermediate layer, while towards the end of gestation time of cell origin and location inside the mesencephalic roofs are closely correlated: cells that originate on ED 13 can be found predominantly in deeper cell layers (stratum griseum profundum, lower stratum griseum intermedium), while cells originating on EDs 15 and 17 are on ED 21 situated in the upper cell layers (upper stratum griseum intermedium, stratum griseum superficiale). This results in an inside-outside gradient of cell origin, which corresponds to an inside-outside gradient of cell differentiation. Besides, a rostro-caudal and a lateromedial gradient can be observed. On ED 13 a median ventriculaar formation (MVF) can be distinguished displaying a significantly lower mitotic activity than the cells of the neighbouring ventricular layer as could be demonstrated by autoradiographic investigation. This difference is even more pronounced in latter embryonic stages. From ED 17 on the cells of this particular structure are arranged in a typical onion-like pattern. Towards the end of gestation the MVF expands considerably as compared with the surrounding ventricular layer. As long-time experiments with 3H-thymidine reveala this increase in area is brought about by the immigration of numerous ventricular cells which originated on earlier embryonic days. The apical processes of the cells of the MVF form a thick fibre bundle which can be followed upwards to the stratum zonale. Ulstructurally these strictly parallel arranged fibers mainly resembly astroglial processes, but possess, in contrast to the latter, numerous microtubules. Because of their morphological characteristics a classification of these cells as tanycytes appears justified. The MVF is compared with similar structures in other regions of the CNS and its possible function as a guide for migrating preneurons is discussed. PMID- 7236198 TI - Dual nucleotide specificity of bovine glutamate dehydrogenase. The role of negative co-operativity. AB - The thionicotinamide analogues of NAD+ and NADP+ were shown to be good alternative coenzymes for bovine glutamate dehydrogenase, with similar affinity and approx. 40% of the maximum velocity obtained with the natural coenzymes. Both thionicotinamide analogues show non-linear Lineweaver-Burk plots, which with the natural coenzymes have been attributed to negative co-operativity. Since the reduced thionicotinamide analogues have an isosbestic point at 340nm and have an absorption maximum at 400nm, it is possible to monitor reduction of natural coenzyme and thionicotinamide analogue simultaneously by dual-wavelength spectroscopy. When glutamate dehydrogenase is presented with NADP+ and thio-NADP+ simultaneously, the enzyme oligomer senses saturation of its coenzyme-binding sites irrespective of the exact nature of the coenzyme and locks the oligomer into its highly saturated form even when low saturation of the monitored coenzyme is present. These experiments substantiate the suggestion that glutamate dehydrogenase shows negative co-operativity in its catalytically active form. PMID- 7236200 TI - A comparison of potato and vertebrate lactate dehydrogenases. AB - A 2000-fold purification of L(+)-lactate dehydrogenase from potatoes is reported. Five isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase can be detected in crude extracts of potato, and three of these are present in the purified preparation. The enzyme (mol.wt. 150 000), which is composed of four subunits (mol.wt. 37 500), is active with the same oxo acids and hydroxy acids that have been reported as substrates with the same oxo acids and hydroxy acids that have been reported as substrates for vertebrate lactate dehydrogenases. These similarities between potato and vertebrate lactate dehydrogenases contrast sharply with some other reports on potato lactate dehydrogenase. These discrepancies are discussed in relation to the proposition that vertebrate and potato lactate dehydrogenases share a common evolutionary origin. PMID- 7236199 TI - New proline-rich proteins in isolated insect Z-discs. AB - Z-discs were isolated from Lethocerus (waterbug) flight muscle by removing the contractile proteins from myofibrils with a solution of high ionic strength. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis confirmed a previous report that major Z-disc proteins had subunit mol.wts of 200 000, 180 000, 105 000, 95 000, 42 000 and 35 000. A protein of subunit mol.wt 25 000 was found in once-washed Z-discs but was degraded or was removed by successive washes. In addition, a protein of high molecular weight (less than 300 000) was found in Z-discs. Proteins of subunit mol.wts. 42 000, 35 000 and 25 000 were individually sliced from SDS/polyacrylamide gels and eluted. Amino acid analysis showed that the 35 000-subunit-mol.wt. protein was not, as was previously suggested, tropomyosin, but was a distinct Z-disc protein rich in proline. Calculations based on the amino acid analysis showed that this protein contained substantial hydrophobic regions. Preliminary investigations into the isoelectric point and a method of isolation of the 35 000-subunit-mol.wt. Z-disc protein are described. This protein was found in slices cut from SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoretograms of whole myofibrils. The protein of 42 000 subunit mol.wt. was shown by amino acid analysis to be actin and the 25 000-subunit-mol.wt. Z disc protein was proline-rich. PMID- 7236201 TI - The random character of protein evolution and its effects on the reliability of phylogenetic information deduced from amino acid sequences and compositions. AB - Because evolution occurs by random events, the actual number of substitutions that occur in any period is not exactly equal to the number expected from the mean rate of substitution, but is statistically distributed about it. In consequence, even if rates of evolution are constant in different lineages, 'trees' deduced from descendant protein sequences contain random errors. When there are fewer than about eight differences between the sequences of the most distantly related pair from a set of proteins, this random effect is very large. It can then render trivial the statistical disadvantage inherent in using a crude measure of protein difference, such as amino acid composition or immunological cross-reactivity, in preference to a measure based the sequences of the most distantly related pair from a set of proteins, this random effect is very large. It can then render trivial the statistical disadvantage inherent in using a crude measure of protein difference, such as amino acid composition or immunological cross-reactivity, in preference to a measure based the sequences of the most distantly related pair from a set of proteins, this random effect is very large. It can then render trivial the statistical disadvantage inherent in using a crude measure of protein difference, such as amino acid composition or immunological cross-reactivity, in preference to a measure based on amino acid sequence. In some cases, such as classification of mammals on the basis of cytochrome c structure, it appears to make little difference to the reliability of the results whether the sequences of the protein concerned are known or not. It may also be possible to obtain more reliable phylogenetic information from composition measurements on several kinds of protein than one could obtain from sequence measurements on a single kind of protein. PMID- 7236202 TI - Resolution of protein disulphide-isomerase and glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase activities by covalent chromatography. AB - 1. Protein disulphide-isomerase (EC 5.3.4.1) and glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase (EC 1.8.4.2) were resolved by covalent chromatography. Both activities, in a partially purified preparation from bovine liver, bind covalently as mixed disulphides to activated thiopropyl-Sepharose 6B, in a new stepwise elution procedure protein disulphide-isomerase is displaced in mildly reducing conditions whereas glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase is only displaced by more extreme reducing conditions. 2. This together with evidence for partial resolution of the two activities by ion-exchange chromatography, conclusively establishes that the two activities are not alternative activities of a single bovine liver enzyme. 3. Protein disulphide-isomerase, partially purified by a published procedure, has now been further purified by covalent chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. The final material is 560-fold purified relative to a bovine liver homogenate; it has barely detectable glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase activity. 4. The purified protein disulphide isomerase shows a single major band on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis corresponding to a mol.wt. of 57000. 5. The purified protein disulphide-isomerase has Km values for 'scrambled' ribonuclease and dithiothreitol of 23 microgram/ml and 5.4 microM respectively and has a sharp pH optimum at 7.5. The enzyme has a broad thiol-specificity, and several monothiols, at 1mM, can replace dithiothreitol. 6. The purified protein disulphide-isomerase is completely inactivated after incubation with a 2-3 fold molar excess of iodoacetate. The enzyme is also significantly inhibited by low concentrations of Cd2+ ions. These findings strongly suggest the existence of a vicinal dithiol group essential for enzyme activity. 7. When a range of thiols were used as co substrates for protein disulphide-isomerase activity, the activities were found to co-purify quantitatively, implying the presence of a single protein disulphide isomerase of broad thiol-specificity. Glutathione-disulphide transhydrogenase activities, assayed with a range of disulphide compounds, did not co-purify quantitatively. PMID- 7236203 TI - Bovine liver thiol-protein disulphide oxidoreductases. An alternative method for differential purification and resolution of protein disulphide-isomerase and glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase. AB - 1. Protein disulphide-isomerase (EC 5.3.4.1) and glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase (EC 1.8.4.2) activities in bovine liver were studied in parallel during purification of 'thiol-protein disulphide oxidoreductase' by the procedure of Carmichael, Morin & Dixon [(1977) J Biol. Chem. 252, 7163-7167]. The two activities showed no quantitative co-purification and were partially resolved by (NH4)SO4 precipitation, indicating that distinct enzymes are present. 2. Protein disulphide-isomerase was purified by a relatively rapid method involving a combination of the early stages of the Carmichael procedure and covalent chromatography, with a new stepwise elution procedure. Ion-exchange chromatography yields a homogeneous preparation of mol.wt. 57 000. 3. The relationship between protein disulphide-isomerase, glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase and 'thiol-protein disulphide oxidoreductase' is discussed. PMID- 7236204 TI - Identification of the subunits of bovine heart mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase that are exposed to the phospholipid bilayer by photo-labelling with 5-iodonaphth 1-yl azide. AB - Mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase may be isolated from bovine heart as a lipoprotein complex (Complex I or NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase). Polypeptide subunits that are exposed to the hydrophobic region of the phospholipid bilayer were identified by photolabelling with the hydrophobic probe, 5-[125I]iodonaphth 1-yl azide. Chaotropic resolution of the labelled enzyme showed that the hydrophilic flavoprotein and iron-protein fragments of the enzyme were not in contact with the phospholipid bilayer. When complex I that had been partially depleted of phospholipids was photolabelled, incorporation of radioactivity into certain polypeptides was increased, indicating either conformational changes in protein or preferential association of these polypeptides with residual cardiolipin. A model NADH dehydrogenase structure is proposed on the basis of these results and those obtained with hydrophilic probes by Smith & Ragan (1980) Biochem. J. 185, 315-326. PMID- 7236205 TI - Purification of an NADH-(dichlorophenol-indophenol) oxidoreductase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. AB - An NADH-(dichlorophenol-indophenol) oxidoreductase was purified 104-fold and in 25% overall yield from the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus, strain PH24. After solubilization in 2M-NaCl at 70 degrees C, the enzyme was purified by ion-exchange and hydroxyapatite chromatography, followed by affinity chromatography on immobilized Cibacron Blue 3GA. The purified enzyme had a mol.wt. of 43 000 and had an absorption spectrum characteristic of flavoprotein. The enzyme activity was enhanced by FMN and by CN-. The enzyme was inhibited by EDTA and by rho-chloromercuribenzoic acid. PMID- 7236206 TI - On the sensitivity of metallothioneins to oxidation during isolation. AB - It is demonstrated that the distribution of metals among the Sephadex G-75 fractions of rat liver and horse kidney supernatant is altered by exposure to oxidizing conditions. In particular, the metals bound to metallothionein are displaced into high-molecular-weight fractions and, to a lesser extent, into the low-molecular-weight forms, under aerobic conditions. In this process, metallothionein zinc is much more labile than cadmium. An appreciable proportion of the thionein is also found in the high-molecular-weight fractions and can be recovered along with the metals by treatment with mercaptoethanol. This result shows that the distributions obtained aerobically with large cadmium content in the high-molecular-weight fractions are an artefact due to metallothionein oxidation and suggests that 'spillage' of metals such as cadmium may be due in large part to oxidative processes rather than saturation effects. Evidence is presented that disulphide-bond formation occurs as thionein becomes bound in the high-molecular-weight region and that chemical reduction is necessary to restore its normal elution behaviour. Mercaptoethanol added to the homogenates maintains the reducing conditions normally found in the cellular milieu and prevents the oxidation of the metallothionein redistribution of the metals during isolation. Under these conditions the rat liver metallothionein isolated from animals exposed to chronic low concentrations of cadmium in drinking water contains appreciable quantities of copper as well as zinc and contains much of the zinc that is present in horse kidney supernatants. Metallothionein can also be extracted from a 40 000g pellet after sonication of the pellet. Thus careful analytical studies of the sites of cadmium deposition in rat liver indicate that greater than 95% is bound to metallothionein. PMID- 7236207 TI - The purification and characterization of a third storage protein (convicilin) from the seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L.). AB - A third storage protein, distinct from legumin and vicilin, has been purified from the seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L.). This protein has been named 'convicilin' and is present in protein bodies isolated from pea seeds. Convicilin has a subunit mol.wt. of 71 000 and a mol.wt. in its native form of 290 000. Convicilin is antigenically dissimilar to legumin, but gives a reaction of identity with vicilin when tested against antibodies raised against both proteins. However, convicilin contains no vicilin subunits and may be clearly separated from vicilin by non-dissociating techniques. Unlike vicilin, convicilin does not interact with concanavalin A, and contains insignificant amounts of carbohydrates. Limited heterogeneity, as shown by isoelectric focusing, N terminal analysis, and CNBr cleavage, is present in convicilin isolated from a single pea variety; genetic variation of the protein between pea lines has also been observed. PMID- 7236208 TI - The presence of lysophosphatidylcholine in chromaffin granules. AB - Lysophosphatidylcholine is thought to be a characteristic component of the chromaffin granules in adrenal glands. By the use of a t.l.c. system that resolves minor phospholipids satisfactorily, this subcellular location was confirmed in the present study in bovine glands. However, phospholipid degradation was demonstrated in homogenates of the adrenal medulla and cortex under conditions similar to those of subcellular fractionation (incubation at 4 degrees C for 90min). Phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin were hydrolysed, but the concentration of lysophosphatidylcholine did not change, indicating that the latter was present in the medulla before this treatment. Attempts were made to decrease the time between death of the animal and the extraction of lipids. Lysophosphatidylcholine was easily demonstrable in lipid extracts of the dissected medulla and even in those of the whole bovine gland. For practical reasons it is not possible to decrease further the time lapse before extraction in the case of this animal. Adrenal glands were obtained from anaesthetized and untreated rabbits. These were frozen immediately in liquid N(2) and the lipids were extracted. In a control experiment, the glands from rabbit were dissected and treated in the same manner as with those of ox, and then the lipids were extracted. No lysophosphatidylcholine was detected in the extracts from glands frozen in liquid N(2) but lysophosphatidylcholine was observed in the controls. These results suggest that lysophosphatidylcholine is not a component of chromaffin granules, but is produced if the period between death of the animal and lipid extraction is unduly prolonged. To discover whether lysophosphatidylcholine affected the permeability barrier properties of chromaffin granules, sonicated liposomes of egg phosphatidylcholine alone or with lysophosphatidylcholine (15mol/100mol) were prepared. Both types were shown by electron microscopy to be largely made up of single bilayer vesicles. The exchange diffusion of [(14)C]dopamine was measured across their membranes. Both types of liposomes had similar capture volumes (0.5mul/mumol of phospholipid), and the activation energies of the exchange diffusion of dopamine were also similar (31kJ/mol). These results indicate that the presence of this proportion of lysophosphatidylcholine in chromaffin-granule membranes is not likely to influence their barrier properties towards catecholamines. PMID- 7236210 TI - Complex lipids of a lipolytic and general-fatty-acid-requiring Butyrivibrio sp. isolated from the ovine rumen. AB - The complex lipids of the naturally-occurring general-fatty-acid-auxotroph Butyrivibrio S2 [Hazlewood & Dawson (1979) J. Gen. Microbiol. 112, 15-27] grown with palmitic acid as sole fatty-acid supplement have been investigated and some have been isolated in a state of purity and analysed. The majority are phospholipids (84%) and many contain galactose. They typically possess few esterified long-chain fatty-acid residues (C16:0), but are rich in esterified butyric acid and C16-alkenyl groups. Most of the phosphorus-containing lipids, including the two major lipids of the organism, contain esterified diabolic acid, a long-chain vicinal dimethyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid [Klein, Hazlewood, Kemp & Dawson (1979) Biochem. J. 183, 691-700] in definite stoichiometric relationship to phosphorus. No phosphatidylglycerol was present, but its monobutyroyl ester was detected as a minor component. Galactofuranosyldiacylglycerol (plasmalogen) and its monobutyroyl ester, cetyl alcohol and diacylglycerol were also identified. PMID- 7236211 TI - Structure of diabolic acid-containing phospholipids isolated from Butyrivibrio sp. AB - The structures of the diabolic acid-containing phospholipids of Buryrivibrio S2 grown in the presence of palmitic acid have been investigated. Generally they consist of two conventional bacterial phospholipid or galactolipid structures linked by esterification through a single diabolic acid residue. The main lipid consists of the butyroyl ester of sn-1-alkenylglycero-3-phospho-1'-sn-glycerol joined in this way to the butyroyl ester of sn-1-alkenyl-3-galactosylglycerol by esterification of the vacant 2-hydroxy groups of the alkenyl-substituted glycerol molecules. A lipid that possess a palmitoyl group rather than one of the butyroyl groups of the latter structure has also been detected. The lipid occurring in the second highest concentration consists of two molecules of sn-1-alkenylglycero-3 phospho-sn-1'-glycerol butyroyl ester linked through diabolic acid in a similar manner to the main lipid. Other lipids with the latter structure either minus a butyroyl group or with palmitoyl group, instead of one of the buryroyl groups, exist as minor components. PMID- 7236209 TI - Phosphorylation of rabbit cardiac-muscle troponin I by phosphorylase kinase. The effect of adrenaline. AB - 1. Incubation of rabbit cardiac-muscle troponin I with phosphorylase b kinase leads to the incorporation of .07-1.2 mol of Pi/mol. 2. The major site of phosphorylation is a serine residue at position 72. 3. Lesser amounts of phosphate are incorporated into threonine-138, threonine-162 and serine 20. 4. Serine-20 is the only site that contains a significant amount of phosphate before incubation with phosphorylase b kinase. 5. Unlike the situation with serine-20, the extent of phosphorylation of serine-72 and threonine-138 in the perfused rabbit heart does not change when the heart is exposed to adrenaline (4 microM). PMID- 7236214 TI - Isotope effect in peroxidation of deuterium-labelled ethanol by liver catalase. AB - The kinetic V/K isotope effect upon peroxidation of (1R)-[1-2H1]ethanol by liver catalase was studied by using a radiochemical assay with both 3H ad 14C as tracers. The value of 1.9 found is in agreement with the value of 2.52 for peroxidation of (1R)-[1-3H1]ethanol according to the 'Swain equation' [Swain, Stivers, Ruver & Schaad (1958) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 5885-5893]. There was no isotope effect on V, the catalase haem up to 500 min-1. Even at rates 20-fold higher the isotope effect on V may not be different from 1. A detailed description of the synthesis of the 2H- and 3H-substituted ethanol compounds and the analysis of these has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50110 (5 pages) at the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, W. Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169,5. PMID- 7236212 TI - Human atrial and ventricular myosin light-chains subunits in the adult and during development. AB - 1. Myosin was isolated from human right- and left-atrial and -ventricular myocardium, and examined both in adult subjects and at different stages during pre- and post-natal development. 2. The myosin light-chain subunits in the atria and ventricles were different when characterized by isoelectric focusing and subsequent two-dimensional poly-acrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 3. No differences were observed between the light-chain subunits in the right and left ventricle at any stage of development. 4. The foetal ventricle contained a characteristic light chain that was a major component throughout the latter half of gestation. This foetal light chain, which disappeared in the postnatal period, could not be distinguished from adult atrial light chain 1 on two-dimensional electrophoresis. 5. Myosin in the adult atria, particularly the left, contained components similar to ventricular light-chain components. 6. The possible stimuli for the observed changes in myosin light-chain expression are discussed in relation to the known physiological changes occurring during development. PMID- 7236213 TI - Purification of glutamate dehydrogenase from ox brain and liver. Evidence that commercially available preparations of the enzyme from ox liver have suffered proteolytic cleavage. AB - 1. A rapid procedure, involving ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and affinity chromatography on GTP-Sepharose, was used to purify glutamate dehydrogenase from ox brain and liver. 2. Preparations purified in this way differed from those of the ox liver enzyme that were obtained from commercial suppliers in their mobilities on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. This difference appears to result from the occurrence of limited proteolysis during the preparation of the latter enzyme samples. 3. N-Terminal sequence analysis showed the presence of four amino acid residues in the enzyme prepared in this study that were not present in those obtained from the commercial sources and which have not been reported in previous studies on the sequence of the ox liver enzyme. 4. A preliminary examination of the enzyme prepared in this way indicated that the Michaelis constants for the substrates are similar to those obtained from the commercial preparation, but that the response to allosteric effectors was modified. PMID- 7236216 TI - The interpretation of entropy/enthalpy compensation phenomena in the deacylation of acyl-alpha-chymotrypsins. AB - The thermodynamic-compensation law observed for the deacylation of a series of acyl-alpha-chymotrypsins has been re-examined. From consideration of the effect of small changes in delta delta H+(+)delta T along a homologous series, it is suggested that the high Tc value of 420 K observed for the process has its origin in the solvation of the acyl-group-catalyst transition state. PMID- 7236215 TI - Stereospecific distribution of palmitic acid in the triacylglycerols of rat adipocytes. Effects of varying the composition of the substrate fatty acid in vitro. AB - The effects of inclusion of different fatty acids in the medium on the rate of esterification of palmitic acid and its stereospecific distribution among the three positions of the triacyl-sn-glycerols by preparations of rat adipocytes in vitro have been determined. Myristic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid were used as diluents and the concentration of the combined unesterified fatty acids in the medium was held constant; only the proportion of palmitic acid was varied. The amount of palmitic acid esterified was always linearly related to its relative concentration in the medium and was not significantly affected by the nature of the diluent fatty acid chosen. Constant relative proportions were recovered in triacylglycerols and in intermediates in each instance. The amount of palmitic acid esterified to each of the positions of the triacyl-sn-glycerols was linearly dependent on the relative proportion in the medium but the nature of the relationship was markedly influenced by which fatty acid was present. When stearic acid was present, simple relationships were found over the whole range tested. When either myristic acid, oleic acid or linoleic acid was present, abrupt changes in the manner of esterification of palmitic acid were observed in position sn-1 when the relative concentrations of palmitic acid and the diluent reached critical values, which differed with each fatty acid. In position sn-2 when oleic acid or linoleic acid was present, a similar change was observed, and in position sn-3 it was obtained with myristic acid as diluent. The results are discussed in terms of changes in the relative affinities of the acyltransferases for palmitic acid. Palmitic acid was esterified into various molecular species in proportions that indicated acylation with non-correlative specificity at higher relative concentrations but not at lower. PMID- 7236217 TI - The photoinduced isomerization of bilirubin in cationic detergent solutions. AB - When bilirubin IX alpha in solution in a buffered aqueous cationic detergent near neutral pH is irradiated with visible light, a rapid equilibrium with bilirubin III alpha and XIII alpha is set up. Little isomerization can be detected under comparable conditions in anionic or neutral detergents. The rapid disproportionation of bilirubin monoglucuronide into unconjugated bilirubin and bilirubin diglucuronide also takes place on irradiation in a solution of a cationic detergent. PMID- 7236218 TI - Isolation of phenylalanine hydroxylase-stimulating monoclonal antibody by rat myeloma--rat-spleen-cell fusion. AB - A monoclonal antibody directed against monkey liver phenylalanine hydroxylase was produced by using a rat-myeloma--rat-spleen-cell-fusion system. This antibody showed the interesting property of increasing mammalian phenylalanine hydroxylase activity more than 2-fold. Perhaps monoclonal antibodies with this effect on other enzyme or proteins could be developed. PMID- 7236219 TI - Correlation of nuclear acceptor sites for oestrogen receptors with gene transcription in vitro. AB - The interaction of oestrogen receptors with their nuclear acceptor sites was studied to ascertain whether these acceptor sites are involved in the regulation of ovalbumin-gene expression in the chick oviduct. As previously described, two distinct oestrogen-receptor species exist, and both are translocated into the nucleus after oestrogen administration in vivo [Smith, Clarke, Zalta & Taylor (1979) J. Steroid Biochem.10, 31-35]. In the present investigation we observed that the tubular-gland-cell concentrations of cytoplasmic receptors (800 900/cell) do not vary with prolonged withdrawal, nor do the relative ratios of the two receptor types change; however, the nuclear accumulation and retention of these receptors after secondary oestrogen administration are attenuated in a time dependent fashion. Chicks were withdrawn from oestrogen for 24-84h. Some animals were then restimulated with oestrogen and killed after 4h, when oviduct nuclei were isolated. These nuclei were assayed for nuclear receptor concentrations and for their capacity to synthesize ovalbumin mRNA in vitro. Although an equal number of cytoplasmic receptors appeared to be translocated, oestrogen-receptor occupancy within the nucleus was not equal, but was inversely proportional to the preceding length of withdrawal. This decrease in nuclear acceptor sites was accompanied by a similar decrease in the capacity of these same nuclei to transcribe ovalbumin mRNA in vitro. A statistical evaluation of nuclear oestrogen receptor concentrations and ovalbumin-mRNA synthesis in vitro was made. Correlation analysis revealed a Pearson coefficient r=0.87 (P<0.001, n=17), indicating that a high degree of correlation exists between these two parameters. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that nuclear oestrogen-receptor acceptor complexes may correspond to initiation sites for RNA polymerase II transcription of an oestrogen-regulated gene. PMID- 7236220 TI - Tryptophan pyrrolase in haem regulation. Experiments with administered haematin and the relationship between the haem saturation of tryptophan pyrrolase and the activity of 5-aminolaevulinate synthase in rat liver. AB - 1. Administration of haematin to rats decreases 5-aminolaevulinate synthase activity in whole liver homogenates. 2. An inverse relationship between this decrease and the increase in saturation of apo-(tryptophan pyrrolase) with haem is observed during the initial phase of treatment with haematin. 3. Significant changes in both functions are caused by a 1 mg/kg dose of haematin, whereas the maximum effects are achieved by the 5 mg/kg dose. 4. Prevention by allopurinol of the conjugation of exogenously administered haematin with apo-(tryptophan pyrrolase) renders this haem available for further repression of 5 aminolaevulinate synthase. 5. The various aspects of the relationship between synthase activity and the haem saturation of tryptophan pyrrolase are discussed. PMID- 7236221 TI - The electron-transport chains of the obligate methylotroph Methylophilus methylotrophus. AB - The cytochrome complement of Methylophilus methylotrophus and its respiratory properties were determined during batch culture and in continuous culture under conditions of methanol-, nitrogen- and O(2)-limitation. About 35% of the cytochrome c produced by the bacteria was released into the growth medium, and of the remaining cytochrome c about half was membrane-bound and half was soluble. Two cytochromes c were always present on membranes (redox potentials 375mV and 310mV), and these probably correspond to the soluble cytochromes c described previously [Cross & Anthony (1980) Biochem. J.192, 421-427]. A third minor component of cytochrome c (midpoint potential 356mV) was only detected on membranes of methanol-limited bacteria. M. methylotrophus always contained two membrane-bound cytochromes b with alpha-band absorption maxima of about 556 and 563nm (measured at room temperature) and midpoint potentials of 110 and 60mV respectively. There appeared to be relatively more of the cytochrome b(563) in methanol-limited bacteria. A third b-type cytochrome with an alpha-band absorption maximum at 558 (at 77K) reacted with CO and had a high midpoint redox potential (260mV); it is thus a potential oxidase and hence is called cytochrome o. The roles of these cytochromes in electron transport were confirmed by investigating the patterns of respiratory inhibition. It is proposed that two cytochromes are physiological oxidases: cytochrome a+a(3), which is present only in methanol-limited conditions, and the cytochrome o, which is induced 10-fold in conditions of methanol excess. Schemes for electron transport from methanol and NAD(P)H to O(2) in M. methylotrophus under various limitations are proposed. Spectra and potentiometric titrations of cytochromes in whole cells and membranes of M. methylotrophus grown under various nutrient limitations have been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50111 (10 pages) at the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169, 5. PMID- 7236222 TI - General characteristics of normal and stress-enhanced protein degradation in Lemna minor (duckweed). AB - The general features of protein degradation in Lemna minor were studied by using a double-isotope technique. In common with several animal systems, there are correlations between the relative rate of protein degradation on the one hand and molecular weight, charge and carbohydrate content on the other. Large proteins, acidic proteins and non-glycosylated proteins are degraded relatively more rapidly than small or basic proteins, or glycoproteins. The correlations with size and carbohydrate content are explicable on the basis of differential susceptibility to Pronase, whereas the charge correlation cannot be explained on the basis. In addition, acidic proteins are not generally of higher molecular weight than neutral or basic proteins. The correlations are found in fronds growing in normal complete medium and in fronds transferred to medium lacking nitrate of made 50% (v/v) with respect to deuterium oxide, both of which are conditions that induce a large increase in protein breakdown in Lemna. Thus basal protein degradation and enhanced degradation do not appear to differ fundamentally in their general characteristics. The results are discussed in relation to the reported features of normal and enhanced proteolysis in animal tissues and to the possible mechanism of protein degradation in Lemna. PMID- 7236224 TI - Localization and some properties of phosphate-dependent glutaminase in disrupted liver mitochondria. AB - 1. Glutaminase activity in frozen and thawed liver mitochondria was activated by NH4+, phosphate and HCO3-ions and also by ATP . 2. NH4+ and HCO3-ions decreased the requirement of the enzyme for phosphate. The activation by ATP was observed only in the presence of NH4+ or HCO3-ions. 3. In frozen-and-thawed mitochondria, the enzyme was loosely bound to the inner membrane, the Arrhenius plot showing a break at 23 degrees C. On sonication, glutaminase was detached from the membrane and the Arrhenius plot became linear. 4. The apparent Km for glutamine of the membrane-bound form was 6 mM, and that of the soluble form was 21 mM. 5. It is likely that the properties of glutaminase in the intact cell are dependent on the association of this enzyme with the mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 7236223 TI - Biosynthesis of rat liver pyruvate kinase. Measurement of enzyme lifetime and the rate of synthesis at weaning. AB - Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitates of liver cytosol with anti-(L-type pyruvate kinase) serum revealed proteins of mol.wt. 56 000 and 42 000 in addition to the heavy and light chains. The ratio of the 56 000 mol.wt. to the 42 000 mol.wt. protein increased under dietary conditions that resulted in an increase in the apparent specific activity of hepatic pyruvate kinase. The 42 000 mol.wt. protein was removed from immunoprecipitates if the liver cytosol was partially purified by pH precipitation and (NH4)2SO4 fractionation before addition of the antiserum. This technique may be used to analyse the formation of pure L-type pyruvate kinase in liver. By using H14CO3-labelling, the t1/2 of L-type pyruvate kinase was estimated as 75 +/- 1.7 h in post-weaned high-carbohydrate-diet-fed rats. Before weaning there was little immunoreactive pyruvate kinase in rat liver cytosol. Induction began between 6 and 24 h after weaning and reached a maximum value 120 h after weaning. When clearly enhanced total pyruvate kinase activity was first observed at 24 h post-weaning, the apparent specific activity of hepatic pyruvate kinase was considerably lower than the specific activity of the pure isolated enzyme. When the induction of L-type pyruvate kinase was monitored by the incorporation of L-[4,5-3H]leucine, the maximum rate of synthesis occurred 24--48 h after weaning. After this period synthesis declined, indicating a relatively slow turnover of the enzyme once the enzyme concentration was established in the liver. PMID- 7236225 TI - The preparation and purification of isolated rat corpus-luteum cells and their use in studying the relationship between cholesterol biosynthesis and the lutropin-stimulated formation of progesterone. AB - Isolated luteal cells, prepared from superovulated rat ovaries by digestion with collagenase, were subjected to density-gradient centrifugation on Percoll to give a more highly purified preparation of luteal cells than has been reported previously. The cells formed progesterone when incubated in vitro; lutropin stimulated this steroidogenesis. Progesterone formation was linear for at least 2 h; a minimal lutropin concentration of 1.0 ng/ml was needed for stimulation and concentrations of 3.0 and 100 ng/ml gave half-maximal and maximal responses respectively. The cells were unresponsive towards hormones other than lutropin. Exposure to lutropin raised the cellular cyclic AMP concentration, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, but not dibutyryl cyclic GMP, was as effective in stimulating steroidogenesis as was lutropin. Aminoglutethimide, an inhibitor of cholesterol side-chain cleavage, completely blocked progesterone formation by the cells, showing cholesterol side-chain cleavage to be an obligatory step in steroidogenesis by these cells. Neither the activity of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-CoA reductase nor the incorporation of radioactively labelled acetate or mevalonate into cholesterol by cells incubated in vitro were detectable unless the rats had been treated previously with 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4 d]pyrimidine. In cells from rats so treated, compactin was found to block almost completely the incorporation of radioactively labelled acetate, but not of mevalonate, into cholesterol, indicating that this inhibitor acts in corpus luteum in the same way as it does in other tissues. In cells from rats not treated with 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compactin had no effect on progesterone formation in vitro, showing cholesterol biosynthesis to be unnecessary for the rapid steroidogenic response by luteal cells to lutropin. PMID- 7236226 TI - Biosynthesis of glycoproteins by membranes of Acer pseudoplatanus. Incorporation of mannose and N-acetylglucosamine. AB - Membrane preparations from Acer pseudoplatanus suspension cultures were demonstrated to incorporate radioactivity from GDP-[U-14C]mannose and UDP-N acetyl-[6-(3)H]glucosamine into high-molecular-weight polymers characterized as glycoprotein. From 20 to 25% of the 14C was incorporated as fucose with the remainder as mannose, whereas 90% of the 3H was incorporated as N acetylglucosamine with the remainder as N-acetylgalactosamine. Pronase digestion yielded radioactive glycopeptides that were separated into four fractions by gel permeation chromatography and paper electrophoresis. The isolated glycopeptides differed in molecular weight and isotopes incorporated, as well as in amino-acid and monosaccharide composition. The membrane preparation also incorporated radioactivity from the added nucleotides into chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v)- and chloroform/methanol/water (10:10:3, by vol.)-soluble lipids, and into an insoluble pellet. PMID- 7236227 TI - Uptake of liposomes containing the photoprotein obelin by rat isolated adipocytes. Adhesion, endocytosis or fusion? AB - 1. The uptake of liposomes containing the photoprotein obelin by rat isolated adipocytes was investigated with the aim of producing liposome-cell fusion, enabling obelin to be introduced into the cytoplasm of intact cells. 2. Incubation of liposomes containing obelin with rat isolated adipocytes resulted in a time-dependent uptake of entrapped obelin by the adipocytes. The uptake by adipocytes (at 2h) of liposomes prepared from phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine+phosphatidylserine (molar ratio 4:1) and phosphatidylcholine+N-octadecylamine (molar ratio 4:1) was approx. 6, 10 and 10% of original entrapped obelin per g dry wt. of adipocytes respectively. 3. During incubation with adipocytes some of the liposomes became permeable to Ca(2+) ions, resulting in stimulation of obelin luminescence from within the liposomes. This increase in permeability to Ca(2+) seemed to be the result of the interaction of liposomes with the cell membrane. 4. Approx. 50% of liposome uptake could be inhibited by cytochalasin B (500mum). This was consistent with this uptake being the result of endocytosis. The remaining uptake was probably the result of adhesion of liposomes to the cell membrane. 5. In an attempt to detect the presence of cytoplasmic obelin, after incubation of adipocytes with liposomes, a method of causing a rapid rise in cell-membrane permeability to Ca(2+) was developed in which an anti-cell anti-body-complement reaction occurred at the cell membrane. There was no detectable transfer of active obelin into the cell cytoplasm. 6. After incubation of liposomes with adipocytes in the absence of bovine serum albumin, obelin luminescence from a small proportion of liposomes increased (approx. 1.5%) in response to anti-(5'-nucleotidase) antibody plus complement. 7. It was concluded that under the conditions of these experiments, (a) no detectable transfer (<0.1%) of liposome-entrapped obelin to the adipocyte cytoplasm had occurred, (b) an increase in liposome permeability to Ca(2+) occurred during incubation with adipocytes, (c) at least 50% of liposome uptake by adipocytes was the result of endocytosis, presumably into secondary lysosomes, and the remaining uptake was apparently the result of loose attachment of liposomes to the cell surface, and (d) in the absence of bovine serum albumin, a portion of at least one surface antigen, the ectoenzyme 5'-nucleotidase, was transferred from the adipocyte membrane to the liposome membrane. PMID- 7236228 TI - The role of extra-hepatic tissues in the receptor-mediated plasma clearance of glycoproteins terminated by mannose or N-acetylglucosamine. AB - The mannose- and N-acetylglucosamine-specific pathway for the clearance of mammalian glycoproteins has been characterized by using 125I-labelled neoglycoproteins, glycosidase-treated orosomucoid and lysosomal glycosidases (beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase) as probes. There are two components to this pathway in vivo; one liver-dependent and the other extrahepatic or liver-independent. Cells that mediate clearance by the latter component of the pathway are present in spleen, bone and in elements of the reticuloendothelial system, but not in the kidney. Glycoproteins that possess terminal mannose, glucose or N-acetylglucosamine residues, including various lysosomal enzymes, are rapidly cleared from plasma via this pathway. Glucose terminated glycoproteins are recognized by two pathways in the intact animal; the hepatic galactose-specific pathway and the mannose/N-acetylglycosamine-specific pathway, which is present in liver and in peripheral tissues. Following removal of the liver by surgical evisceration, glucose-terminated glycoproteins are cleared whereas glycoproteins bearing galactose are not cleared. Uptake of 125I labelled neoglycoproteins and agalacto-orosomucoid by isolated alveolar macrophages closely mimics clearance in vivo by the mannose/N-acetylglucosamine pathway. Neoglycoproteins terminated by mannose, glucose or N-acetylglucosamine all compete with 125I-labelled agalacto-orosomucoid for uptake by receptor mediated pinocytosis. The extent of substitution of the neoglycoproteins is a critical determinant of their inhibitory potency. It is proposed that mononuclear phagocytes are in important component of the clearance pathway in vivo. The mannose/N-acetylglucosamine pathway may be important in the regulation of extracellular levels of various glycosylated macromolecules, including lysosomal hydrolases. PMID- 7236230 TI - Measurement of the rates of protein synthesis in rabbits. A method for the estimation of rates of change in the specific radioactivities of free amino acids during continuous infusions. AB - 1. A method is described by which, from analysis of terminal samples, the rate constants that define the changes in specific radioactivity of free amino acids during continuous infusions can be estimated. The method involves the infusion of 3H-labelled and 14C-labelled forms of an amino acid for different, but overlapping, periods. 2. The procedure was developed for infusions of proline and tyrosine into New Zealand White rabbits and the rate constants were determined for blood and muscle. 3. The rate constant for equilibrium of radioactive free proline was much lower in muscle than in blood, and indicated that a plateau condition may not be attained in muscle by the end of a 6 h infusion. 4. Comparison of the ratio of areas under the curves of estimated specific radioactivity plotted versus time with the 3H/14C ratio of bound amino acid in muscle protein suggested that radioactive proline and tyrosine may be incorporated preferentially from an extracellular rather than an intracellular source. PMID- 7236229 TI - Fluid endocytosis by rat liver and spleen. Experiments with 125I-labelled poly(vinylpyrrolidone) in vivo. AB - 1. Rates of fluid endocytosis of rat liver, spleen, hepatocytes and sinusoidal liver cells have been determined, by using 125I-labelled poly(vinylpyrrolidone) as marker. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) was injected intravenously into rats, and plasma clearance and uptake by liver and spleen were estimated. From these data, rates of fluid endocytosis of 1.2 and 1.8 ml of plasma/g of protein per day were calculated for liver and spleen respectively. Essentially the same results were found in nephrectomized rats. 2. Hepatocytes and sinusoidal cells were separately isolated by the collagenase/Pronase method, and sinusoidal cells were further fractionated by centrifugal elutriation. Hepatocytes, sinusoidal cells, Kupffer cells and endothelial cells showed rates of fluid endocytosis of 0.96, 9.0, 19 and 13 ml of plasma/g of cell protein per day respectively. Total-body X irradiation did not influence uptake of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) by spleen, indicating that spleen lymphocytes are not significantly involved in fluid endocytosis. 3. For liver a rate constant of exocytosis of 5% per day was found, whereas for spleen no significant loss of accumulated label could be demonstrated during a 21-day period. 4. Distribution of label over a great number of organs and tissues was measured 9 days after the injection. Liver, skin, bone and muscle together contained about 70% of the label present in the carcass; only spleen and lymph nodes contained more label per g fresh weight of tissue than liver. PMID- 7236231 TI - Selective permeability of rat liver mitochondria to purified malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in vitro. AB - 1. The mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase from rat liver has been purified to a state of homogeneity as judged by starch-gel electrophoresis and the cytoplasmic isoenzyme has been obtained in a partically purified state. 2. Inhibition of the isoenzymes by sulphite has been studied. 3. In mitochondria loaded with sulphite, the catalytic activity of the (partially inhibited) internal malate dehydrogenase has been measured by addition of oxaloacetate to the suspension medium and observation of the consequent decrease in fluorescence of NADH. 4. Addition of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase to suspensions of mitochondria loaded with sulphite resulted in an increase in the level of intramitochondrial enzymic activity as measured by the above technique. Addition of the cytoplasmic isoenzyme did not result in such an increase. 5. These results show that mitochondria in suspension are permeable to the mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase but not to the cytoplasmic isoenzyme. 6. This conclusion has been confirmed by direct measurement of a decrease of enzyme activity in solution and an increase inside the mitochondria after incubation of organelles in solutions containing mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. No such effect was observed with the cytoplasmic isoenzyme. 7. Some features of the permeation process have been studied. PMID- 7236232 TI - The metabolism of L-tryptophan by isolated rat liver cells. Quantification of the relative importance of, and the effect of nutritional status on, the individual pathways of tryptophan metabolism. AB - 1. The metabolism of L-tryptophan by liver cells prepared from fed and 48 h starved rats was studied. Methods are described, with the use of L-[ring-2 (14)C], L-[carboxy-14C]-and L-[benzene-ring-U-14C]-tryptophan, for the simultaneous determination of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase and kynureninase activities and of the oxidation of tryptophan to CO2 and non-aromatic intermediates of the kynurenine-glutarate pathway. 2. At physiological concentrations (0.1 mM), tryptophan was oxidized by tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase at comparable rates in liver cells from both fed and starved rats. Kynureninase activity of hepatocytes from starved rats was 50% greater than that of cells from fed rats. About 10% of the tryptophan metabolized by tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase was degraded completely to CO2. 3. In the presence of 0.5 mM-L-tryptophan, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase and kynureninase activities increased 5--6-fold. Liver cells from starved rats oxidized tryptophan at about twice the rate of these from fed rats. Degradation of tryptophan to non-aromatic intermediates of the glutarate pathway and CO2 was increased only 3-fold, suggesting an accumulation of aromatic intermediates of the kynurenine pathway. 4. Rates of metabolism with 2.5 mM-L-tryptophan were not significantly different from those obtained with 0.5 mM-tryptophan. 5. Rates of synthesis of quinolinic acid from 0.5 mM-L-tryptophan, determined either by direct quantification or indirectly from rates of radioisotope release from L-[carboxy-(14)C]- and [benzene-ring-U-14C]tryptophan, were essentially similar. 6. At all three concentrations examined, tryptophan was degraded exclusively through kynurenine; there was no evidence of formation of either indol-3-ylacetic acid or 5-hydroxyindol-3-ylacetic acid. PMID- 7236233 TI - The inhibitory action of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) in the presence of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor on protein synthesis in vivo and the partial amelioration of this by methionine supplementation. AB - Male Wistar rats of various age groups were injected daily over a period of 3 weeks with iproniazid (10 micrograms/g body wt.) and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L dopa; 0.1 mg/g body wt.). On the final day 1 h before the termination of the experiment the animals were injected with L-[14C]valine (0.1 microCi/g body wt.). The specific radioactivity of the valine in the proteins of the subcellular fractions of the tissues examined, relative to the time-integrated mean specific radioactivity of this amino acid in the acid-soluble pools of these tissues, was used to assess protein synthesis. The L-dopa/monoamine oxidase-inhibitor treatment was associated with 30--40% inhibition of protein synthesis. Supplementation of the dietary methionine intake by injection of this amino acid markedly diminished the inhibitory action of the L-dopa/monoamine oxidase inhibitor treatment on protein synthesis in all fractions examined. PMID- 7236234 TI - Changes in sterol biosynthesis accompanying cessation of glial cell growth in serum-free medium. AB - C-6 glioma cells, grown in medium supplemented with 5% delipidated foetal calf serum, were induced to enter a quiescent state by removing serum from the medium. Within 24h there was a 75-80% decline in the rate of incorporation of [(14)C]acetate or (3)H(2)O into digitonin-precipitable sterols. Experiments with [(3)H]mevalonolactone as a labelled sterol precursor suggested that the decline in sterol synthesis was regulated primarily at a point in the pathway before the formation of mevalonate. The specific activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase decreased sharply in conjunction with the decline in sterol synthesis in the serum-free cultures; however, the activity of acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase was altered only slightly. The magnitude of the initial decline in reductase activity was not affected when 50 mm-NaF was included in the preincubation and assay buffers to prevent activation of physiologically inactive enzyme. However, after 6h of serum deprivation the decline in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity was due to a decrease in the amount of latent activity. The sterol concentration in C-6 cells was unchanged after 24h in serum-free medium, although a 20% decrease in the sterol/fatty acid molar ratio occurred as a result of a small increase in the fatty-acid concentration. Incorporation of (3)H(2)O into fatty acids was inhibited in the serum-deprived glial cells; however, this inhibition developed more slowly and was not as pronounced as the diminution in sterol synthesis. The results suggest that in C-6 glia, which resemble the glial stem cells of the developing brain, the decreased demand for membrane sterols in the quiescent state results in a decline in sterol synthesis, mediated primarily through co ordinate changes in the activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. PMID- 7236235 TI - Synthesis of apoprotein B of very low density lipoprotein in embryonic-chick liver. Development of responsiveness of oestrogen. AB - The influence of exogenous oestrogen on the rate of synthesis of the apoprotein B of very-low-density lipoprotein by embryonic chick liver has been examined at various stages of development. Significant synthesis of apoprotein B was found in the absence of hormone treatment as early as day 6 of egg incubation. This basal level of apoprotein B synthesis varied from 2.5--6% of total protein synthesis. Embryos at day 10 or earlier treated with oestradiol exhibited no increase in the basal level of apoprotein B synthesis. Embryos at day 11 responded to oestradiol slightly and, from days 12 to 20, oestrogen treatment raised the relative rate of apoprotein B synthesis significantly above basal values: the maximal rate was about 16% of total protein synthesis. The anti-oestrogen tamoxifen citrate abolished the hormone-induced increase in apoprotein B synthesis and was not itself oestrogenic. The basal level of apoprotein B production was not sensitive to tamoxifen citrate, either in relatively early or in later stages of development. The basal level of apoprotein B synthesis, therefore, is oestrogen independent and under developmental control distinct from the hormone-sensitive synthesis. The ontogeny of oestrogen-responsiveness of apoprotein B production appears to parallel the acquisition of the hepatic oestrogen-receptor system [Lazier (1978) Biochem. J. 174, 143--152]. PMID- 7236237 TI - Thyroid-hormone effects on ornithine decarboxylase. AB - We examined thyroidectomized, normal and hyperthyroid rats and found that ornithine decarboxylase activity was directly correlated with thyroid functional state in heart and liver and unaffected in brain, testes and spleen, phenomena that correlate with the known effect of thyroid hormone on protein synthesis. PMID- 7236236 TI - The regulation of pyruvate oxidation during membrane depolarization of rat brain synaptosomes. AB - Studies were performed to elucidate factors involved in the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in rat brain synaptosomes during membrane depolarization. Addition of 24 mM-KCl to synaptosomes resulted in increases in rates of O2 consumption (90%) and [1-(14)C]pyruvate decarboxylation (85%) and in the active/total ratio of extractable pyruvate dehydrogenase (90--100%) within 10 s. Neither pyruvate (10 mM) nor dichloroacetate (10 mM) affected the activation state of the enzyme complex. Also, the activation state of pyruvate dehydrogenase was unaffected by addition of 1 mM-octanoate, L-(--)-carnitine, 3 hydroxybutyrate, glutamate, citrate, lactate, L-malate, acetate, acetaldehyde or ethanol. Removal of Ca2+ by using EGTA lowered the active/total ratio to about 70%, although the rate of O2 consumption and pyruvate decarboxylation was unaffected. Rates of pyruvate decarboxylation in the presence of carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone in the presence and absence of NaF and EGTA demonstrated a linear correlation with changes in the activity of the enzyme complex. This observation indicated that a change in the activation state of pyruvate dehydrogenase from 90 to 100% active could result in a 27% increase in the rate of pyruvate decarboxylation. It is suggested that the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is an important site for the regulation of substrate utilization in rat brain synaptosomes. Further, the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation system and direct feedback-inhibitory effects on the enzyme complex both play a significant role in rapidly adapting pyruvate decarboxylation to changes in the requirements for mitochondrial energy production. PMID- 7236238 TI - On the mechanism of the glucose-induced ATP catabolism in ascites tumour cells and its reversal by pyruvate. AB - Addition of glucose to Ehrlich-Landschutz ascites tumour cells preincubated for 30-60 min in phosphate-buffered Krebs-Ringer salt solution ("starved cells") resulted within 1-2 min in an approx. 90% decline of their ATP content and a massive accumulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. These alterations, which took place under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, were followed by a gradual spontaneous recovery with restoration of normal ATP and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate values. The transient derangement of the energy metabolism after glucose addition to starved ascites tumour cells by preventable by simultaneous addition of pyruvate or 2-oxobutyrate, or by preincubating the cells in the presence of glucose. The protective effect of pyruvate was duplicated by addition of phenazine methosulphate or NAD+ to the incubation medium. The data seem to warrant the conclusion that the glucose-induced ATP depletion is determined by a blockade of glycolysis at the stage of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase caused by the failure of the cells to oxidize the NADH produced in the same reaction. The continued unrestrained action of 6-phosphofructokinase results in accumulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, which constitutes a trap for the high energy phosphate bonds of ATP. The primary metabolic disturbance appears to consist of a transient inhibition of pyruvate kinase with the resultant inability of the cells to maintain an unimpaired supply of pyruvate, as required for the lactate dehydrogenase-mediated oxidation of NADH. The regulatory mechanism underlying this phenomenon is discussed. PMID- 7236239 TI - Intracellular and extracellular sites of iodination in dispersed hog thyroid cells. AB - Iodination and hormone synthesis has been studied in isolated hog thyroid cells in suspension. We characterized three iodination processes by use of pharmacological agents. (1) Intracellular iodination dependent on active iodide transport, which was inhibited by NaClO4 or ouabain, but not by catalase. This iodination was linear for 6h with no apparent Km for iodide of 1.5 muM, was stimulated by thyrotropin or N6O2'-dibutyryladenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate, yielded mostly iodinated thyroglobulin and was efficient for tetraiodothyronine synthesis. (2) Extracellular iodination, which was sensitive to catalase, but not to NaClO4 or ouabain. This iodination plateaued after 2h and the apparent Km was 16.5 muM. This process was insensitive to thyrotropin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The major products were iodoprotein other then thyroglobulin and iodolipid and the yield of tetraiodothyronine was low. (3) Intracellular iodination from passively diffused iodide, which was not sensitive to inhibitors. Other characteristics of passive intracellular iodination were intermediate between active intracellular iodination and extracellular iodination. The fact that the three processes are inhibited by similar concentrations of methimazole, and their apparent Km values, when corrected for the concentrating effect of iodide trapping, are all of the same order as the Km of purified thyroid peroxidases, suggest that although their locations are different, the enzymic systems involved are identical. These results show that, besides an extracellular site of iodination, dispersed thyroid cells process an intracellular site of iodination with biochemical characteristics of physiological relevance. PMID- 7236240 TI - The effect of monensin on beta-hexosaminidase transport in normal and I-cell fibroblasts. AB - The carboxylic ionophore, monensin, blocks the migration of glycoprotein containing vesicles from the Golgi region to the plasma membrane in fibroblasts resulting in an accumulation of secretory products in the Golgi cisternae. Treatment of cultured I-cell fibroblasts with monensin (0.5 muM) decreased the abnormal excretion of beta-hexosaminidase to 40% of untreated cultures within 15 min. A corresponding intracellular accumulation of the enzyme to greater than 200% of untreated cultured by 24 h was also observed. A small intracellular accumulation and slightly enhanced excretion of beta-hexosaminidase occurred in treated normal fibroblasts cultures. The intra- and extra-cellular distribution of newly synthesized beta-hexosaminidase in both monensin-treated normal and I cell fibroblasts were electrophoretically indistinguishable from the four bands characteristic of I-cell intracellular beta-hexosaminidase. The excreted enzyme from both cultures was found to be a low- or no-uptake form. This form of beta hexosaminidase may have been excreted from a secondary route preceding the site of the monensin effect. The similar findings in monensin-treated normal and I cell cultures suggest that the subcellular site of the biochemical defect in I cell disease is at a location after the site of the monensin effect i.e. late in the Golgi region or at a post-Golgi-region location. PMID- 7236241 TI - Uptake of phospholipid-depleted chylomicrons by the perfused rat liver. AB - 1. Rat lymph chylomicrons were depleted of their surface phospholipids by treatment with pure phospholipase A2 from Crotalus adamanteus venom. 2. About 80% of the phospholipids could be removed from the chylomicrons without any apparent effect on their size, neutral lipid composition or qualitative profile of their tetramethylurea-soluble apoproteins. 3. Phospholipid-depleted chylomicrons were rapidly taken up whole by liver cells when perfused through isolated rat liver preparations. The rate of uptake was dependent on the extent of phospholipid depletion and reached a maximum (4-6.5-fold greater than control chylomicrons) when 80% of the phospholipids had been removed. 4. It is speculated that the hepatic uptake of phospholipid-depleted chylomicrons occurs by a mechanism to that of chylomicron-remnants uptake. PMID- 7236242 TI - NADH- and NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in bovine heart submitochondrial particles. Dependence on the rate of electron flow in the respiratory chain and an antioxidant role of ubiquinol. AB - Malondialdehyde formations by bovine heart submitochondrial particles supported by NADH or NADPH in the presence of ADP and FeCl3 was studied. The NADH-dependent reaction was maximal at very low rate of electron input from NADH to the respiratory chain and it decreased when the rate became high. The reaction was stimulated by rotenone and inhibited by antimycin A when the input was fast, whereas it was not affected by the inhibitors when the input was slow. The input rate of the electrons from NADPH was also so low that the reaction supported by NADPH was not affected by the inhibitors. Most of the endogenous ubiquinone in the particles treated with antimycin A was reduced by NADH even in the presence of ADP-Fe3+ chelate, but uniquinone was not reduced by NADPH when ADP-Fe3+ was present. Succinate strongly inhibited both NADH- and NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation. The inhibition was abolished when uniquinone was removed from the particles, and it appeared again when uniquinone was reincorporated into the particles. Reduced uniquinone-2 also inhibited the peroxidation, but duroquinol, which reduces cytochrome b without reducing endogenous uniquinone, did not. Thus the malondialdehyde formation appeared to be inversely related to the extent of the reduction of endogenous uniquinone. These observations suggest that both NADH and NADPH-dependent liquid-peroxidation reactions are closely related to the respiratory chain and that the peroxidation is controlled by the concentration of reduced ubiquinone. PMID- 7236243 TI - Calcium-ion transport by intact synaptosomes. Intrasynaptosomal compartmentation and the role of the mitochondrial membrane potential. AB - The association of Ca2+ with isolated nerve endings (synaptosomes) is investigated and resolved into two components, that bound to the outer surface of the plasma membrane and that transported across the plasma membrane. When synaptosomes are added directly to a Ca2+-containing medium, there is an initial rapid uptake of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane, followed by a slow uptake that proceeds for 20 min. The rapid phase is not observed if the synaptosomes are initially pre-incubated in a Ca2+-free medium. Rapid disruption of synaptosomes reveals that less than 3 nmol of transported Ca2+ per mg of synaptosomal protein can be ascribed to non-mitochondrial components, whereas the remainder, up to 79% of the total, is further transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Abolition of oxidative phosphorylation while the mitochondrial membrane potential is retained leads to a time-dependent increase in transported Ca2+, whereas abolition of the mitochondrial membrane potential decreases both plasma-membrane transport and accumulation of Ca2+ in the mitochondrial matrix. It is concluded that intrasynaptosomal mitochondria are major regulators of synaptosomal Ca2+. PMID- 7236244 TI - Biogenesis of hepatocyte plasma-membrane domains. Incorporation of (3H)fucose into plasma-membrane and golgi-apparatus glycoproteins. AB - 1. Rats were injected intracaudally with [3H]fucose and its rate of incorporation into the fucoproteins of serum, Golgi and plasma-membrane subfractions was followed for up tp 2h. 2. Incorporation into the Golgi dictyosome and secretory vesicular fractions reached a maximum at 15 min or less, but most of the radioactivity was associated with classes of secretory glycoproteins. Incorporation into sinusoidal plasma-membrane fractions reached a maximum at 30 min, coinciding with the maximum release of fucoproteins into the serum. Contiguous and canalicular plasma-membrane fractions were labelled slightly later and at a lower rate and specific radioactivity. 3. Fluorography of fucoproteins separated by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis helped to distinguish between the major secretory and membrane-bound glycoproteins. The results show that a major biogenetic sequence is probably from Golgi dictyosomes to Golgi secretory elements to a sinusoidal plasma membrane. 4. The kinetics of incorporation make it unlikely that there is rapid and direct insertion of glycoproteins into the bile-canalicular plasma membrane. A route involving direct transfer of glycoproteins via a membrane-mediated intracellular path from the blood sinusoidal to the bile-canalicular plasma membranes is proposed. PMID- 7236245 TI - Sulphate transport by H+ symport and by the dicarboxylate carrier in mitochondria. AB - 1. Swelling of mitochondria was induced in non-respiring mitochondria by 30 mM or more Na2SO4 or by respiration in the presence of K2SO4. Respiration-drive swelling resulted in loss of respiratory control. Sulphate, when present at 10 mM concentration, promoted the release of accumulated Ca2+. 2. Swelling was prevented by N-ethylmaleimide and formaldehyde, known inhibitors of the phosphate carrier. Sulphate-induced swelling was more sensitive to the inhibitors than was phosphate-induced swelling. At lower concentration of sulphate, 5 mM, an alkalinisation of the medium was observed in addition of sulphate, indicating H+ sulphate symport. There was competition between sulphate and phosphate for transport by this mechanism. It is suggested that sulphate may be transported, though at a comparatively slow rate, by the phosphate carrier. 3. Uptake of sulphate was stimulated when preceded by energy-dependent accumulation of Ba2+, especially when acetate was also present, indicating precipitation of BaSO4 in the matrix. Using this system the influx of sulphate was studied at lower concentrations, 10 mM or less. the contributions of the H+ symporter (sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide) and the dicarboxylate carrier (sensitive to butylmalonate) could then be studied. The dicarboxylate carrier had a lower Km and was mainly responsible for sulphate transport at lower concentration range. At 10 mM sulphate the transport rates by the two systems appeared to be similar; at still higher concentrations the H+ symporter may become more important. PMID- 7236246 TI - Increased transcription and decreased degradation control and recovery of liver ribosomes after a period of protein starvation. AB - In the livers of 5-days-protein-depleted mice there is a decrease of 47% of the ribosome mass. When these animals are fed with an adequate diet, ribosome content is restored to the normal value after 1 day of re-feeding. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon were studied. It was found that: (1) the activity of RNA polymerase I in the nuclei of livers from re-fed animals showed an enhancement of about 2-fold compared with the activity in normal and protein depleted liver nuclei; (2) ribosome degradation, measured by the disappearance of radioactivity from ribosomal proteins previously labelled by the administration of NaH14CO3 to the mice, stopped during the first day after re-feeding. PMID- 7236247 TI - Mitochondrial and cytosolic ATP/ADP ratios in isolated hepatocytes. A comparison of the digitonin method and the non-aqueous fractionation procedure. AB - The ratio of ATP content/ADP content in the mitochondrial matrix was found to be 2.07 +/- 0.21 and 2.26 +/- 0.22 as determined with six different preparations of isolated hepatocytes subfractionated with the digitonin and non-aqueous fractionation procedures, respectively. In contrast, the mitochondrial matrix ATP/ADP determined with isolated haemoglobin-free perfused liver by using the non aqueous-fractionation procedure was about 0.2, whereas the cytosolic values obtained with isolated cells and with the intact organ were similar. It is concluded that the relatively higher ATP/ADP ratio in the mitochondrial matrix of isolated hepatocytes represents a biochemical difference due to properties of the model rather than a methodological artifact. PMID- 7236248 TI - Differential inhibition of ketogenesis by malonyl-CoA in mitochondria from fed and starved rats. AB - Rates of ketogenesis in mitochondria from fed or starved rats were identical at optimal substrate concentrations, but responded differently to inhibition by malonyl-CoA. Kinetic data suggest that the K1 for malonyl-CoA is greater in the starved animal. These results indicate that, for the regulation of ketogenesis in the starved state, the lower sensitivity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase to inhibition by malonyl-CoA may be more important than the concentration of malonyl CoA. PMID- 7236249 TI - Evaluation of malonyl-CoA in the regulation of long-chain fatty acid oxidation in the liver. Evidence for an unidentified regulatory component of the system. AB - Palmitate oxidation by liver mitochondria from fed and starved rats exhibited markedly different sensitivities to inhibition by malonyl-CoA. In the mitochondrial system from fed rats, 50% inhibition required 19 muM-malonyl-CoA, whereas the mitochondria from starved rats were by comparison refractory to malonyl-CoA. Inhibition by malonyl-CoA was completely reversed by increasing the molar ratio of fatty acid to albumin. Results indicate that the potential effectiveness of malonyl-CoA as an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation in the liver is dependent on an unidentified regulatory component of the system. The functional activity of this component is modified by the nutritional state, and its site of action is at the mitochondrial level. PMID- 7236250 TI - Is regulation of proteolysis associated with redox-state changes in rat skeletal muscle? AB - In isolated rat diaphragms, only those substrates that increased the tissue NADH/NAD+ ratio lowered the rate of proteolysis. However, direct inhibition of proteinase activity by leupeptin promoted oxidation of the NAD couple of the muscles. These results suggest that changes in muscle reduction-oxidation state may be important in the regulation of proteolysis. PMID- 7236251 TI - Contraction in intact pig aortic strips is not always associated with phosphorylation of myosin light chains. AB - Intact pig aortic strips were incubated in medium containing [32P]P1 and various Ca2+ concentrations. The 32P content of the myosin P-light chain was determined by radioautography after electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Although treatment of the strips with noradrenaline always caused a rise in tension, this was not necessarily accompanied by increased phosphorylation of the P-light chain. These results indicate that, in aortic smooth muscle, phosphorylation of the P-light chain is not obligatory for contraction. PMID- 7236252 TI - Diazobenzenesulphonate selectively abolishes stimulation of glucuronidation by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. AB - 1. Basal rates of glucuronidation of oestrone (guinea pig) or of 4-nitrophenol (rat or guinea pig) were not significantly altered in sealed liver microsomal vesicles, treated with the membrane-impermeant protein-modifying agent diazobenzenesulphonate at 0.5-1.0 mM. 2. Contrarily, diazobenzenesulphonate abolished the normal stimulation of glucuronidation by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. 3. Ultrasonication to increase microsomal permeability activated glucuronidation by 680-750% and permitted significant inhibition by diazobenzenesulphonate. 4. These findings are consistent with a model wherein glucuronyltransferases are embedded in the luminal leaflet of the endoplasmic reticulum and access of UDP glucuronic acid to the transferases is facilitated by transmembrane carriers, which are stimulated by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and are available to diazobenzenesulphonate; ultrasonication serves to permit access of diazobenzenesulphonate to glucuronyltransferases themselves, resulting in inhibition of their activity. PMID- 7236254 TI - An oxygen-18 tracer investigation of the mechanism of myo-inositol oxygenase. PMID- 7236253 TI - Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies of the calcium ion environment in bone mineral and related calcium phosphates. PMID- 7236255 TI - The histidine residues in pig and horse colipases. PMID- 7236256 TI - An X-ray evidence for the charge-transfer interaction between adenine and indole rings: crystal structure of 1,9-dimethyladenine-indole-3-acetic acid trihydrate complex. PMID- 7236257 TI - Incorporation of L-[U-14C] leucine into ergosine by cell-free extracts of Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. PMID- 7236258 TI - Induction of serotonin secretion by cross-linking of surface receptors of a derivative of wheat germ agglutinin on human platelets. PMID- 7236259 TI - Potent platelet stimulating activity of enantiomers of acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine and its methoxy analogues. PMID- 7236260 TI - Creatine kinase isozymes in human tumors. PMID- 7236261 TI - Adrenal growth factors in the rat mammotropic pituitary tumor (MtT-F4). PMID- 7236262 TI - Increased synthesis of a low molecular weight protein in vincristine-resistant cells. PMID- 7236263 TI - Inhibition of anion transport across red blood cells with 1,2-cyclohexanedione. PMID- 7236264 TI - The influence of five monoxygenase inducers on liver cytosol estradiol receptor levels in the ovariectomized adult rat. PMID- 7236265 TI - Identification of different molecules leading to the formation of hyperanodic forms of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7236266 TI - A sensitive assay of phospholipase using the fluorescent probe 2 parinaroyllecithin. PMID- 7236267 TI - Cytochrome b-561 of the bovine adrenal chromaffin granules. Molecular weight and hydrodynamic properties in micellar solutions of triton X-100. PMID- 7236268 TI - Low density lipoprotein binding to human platelets: role of charge and of specific amino acids. PMID- 7236269 TI - Gap junctions from the lens: purification and characterization by chemical crosslinking reagent. PMID- 7236270 TI - A biphasic effect of exogenous oleate on the rate of cholesterol biosynthesis by rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7236271 TI - On the permeability to weak acids and bases of the cytoplasmic membrane of Clostridium pasteurianum. PMID- 7236272 TI - Comparison of in vivo and in vitro translation of cowpea mosaic virus RNAs. PMID- 7236273 TI - A CNBR peptide located in the middle region of diphtheria toxin fragment B induces conductance change in lipid bilayers. Possible role of an amphipathic helical segment. PMID- 7236274 TI - Effects of molecular oxygen on lignin degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. PMID- 7236275 TI - Ontogenetic aspects of phospholipid-sensitive calcium-dependent protein kinase in guinea pig tissues. PMID- 7236276 TI - Effect of cell transformation and iododeoxyuridine on the charge heterogeneity of large external transformation-sensitive proteins. PMID- 7236277 TI - Functional properties of acetylcholine receptor monomeric and dimeric forms in reconstituted membranes. PMID- 7236279 TI - Spectroelectrochemical determination of the heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics of soluble spinach ferredoxin. PMID- 7236278 TI - Immunological recognition of NPS-gastrin derivatives by gastrin antibodies. PMID- 7236280 TI - Coupling of ATP pyrophosphorolysis to transport of CA2+ in mitochondria. PMID- 7236281 TI - Multiple mechanisms of cytochrome P450-catalyzed substrate hydroxylations. PMID- 7236282 TI - Direct measurement of specific binding of highly lipophilic phorbol diester to mouse epidermal membranes using cold acetone. PMID- 7236283 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against ovalbumin. PMID- 7236284 TI - Endogenous thiol protease inhibitor from rat liver. PMID- 7236285 TI - An abnormal reaction occurring in the presence of L-aromatic aminoacid decarboxylase. PMID- 7236286 TI - Effects of fluorescamine modification on light-induced H+-movement in reconstituted purple membrane of halobacteria. PMID- 7236287 TI - Prostanoid synthesis by vascular slices and cultured vascular cells of piglet aorta. PMID- 7236289 TI - Isotrityrosine, a new crosslinking amino acid isolated from Ascaris cuticle collagen. PMID- 7236288 TI - Site of synthesis and intracellular transport of the precursor of mitochondrial ornithine carbamoyltransferase. PMID- 7236290 TI - Evidence for the presence in human serum of an ultrafiltrable factor activating somatomedins. PMID- 7236291 TI - Deuterium-isotope effect in the biotransformation of 4-ethynylbiphenyls to 4 biphenylylacetic acids by rat hepatic microsomes. PMID- 7236292 TI - A folded structure for the lac-repressor headpiece. PMID- 7236293 TI - Lipolytic cleavage of dolichyl oleate catalyzed by calf brain membranes. PMID- 7236294 TI - The synthesis and processing of beta-glucuronidase in normal and egasyn deficient mouse kidney. PMID- 7236295 TI - Synthesis of two forms of apolipoprotein B by cultured rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7236296 TI - On the phosphate content of rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase purified by hydrophobic chromatography. PMID- 7236297 TI - The effect of elevated temperature on protein synthesis in cell-free extracts of cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 7236298 TI - Prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase and type II 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase from swine kidney are alternate activities of a single enzyme protein. PMID- 7236299 TI - Dose-dependent kinetics of all-trans-retinoic acid in rats. Plasma levels and excretion into bile, urine, and faeces. PMID- 7236300 TI - Rat thiopurine methyltransferase assay procedure, developmental changes and strain variation. PMID- 7236301 TI - A comparative study of the effects of warfarin and brodifacoum on the relationship between vitamin K1 metabolism and clotting factor activity in warfarin-susceptible and warfarin-resistant rats. PMID- 7236302 TI - Destruction of liver microsomal calcium pump activity by carbon tetrachloride and bromotrichloromethane. PMID- 7236303 TI - Phenylethylamine effects on dopamine synthesis. Structure-activity relationships. PMID- 7236304 TI - Enhancement of etorphine brain concentrations and changes in etorphine-naloxone pA2 values in morphine-pretreated mice. PMID- 7236305 TI - Chlorphentermine-induced phospholipidosis in rat alveolar macrophages--luminol dependent chemiluminescence. PMID- 7236306 TI - Interaction between arsenic and alloxan-induced diabetes--effects on rat urinary enzyme levels. PMID- 7236308 TI - Evidence for covalent binding of adriamycin to rat liver microsomal proteins. PMID- 7236307 TI - Activation of rat brain adenylate cyclase by copper plus dithiothreitol. PMID- 7236309 TI - Substrate specificity of adenosine deaminase: the role of the substituents at the 2'- and 3'-carbons of adenine nucleosides, of their configuration and of the conformation of the furanose ring. PMID- 7236310 TI - Competitive inhibition by 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid of carnitine transport in rat brain slices. PMID- 7236311 TI - Prolonged depression of hepatic microsomal drug metabolism and hemoprotein levels following a single dose of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU). PMID- 7236312 TI - Studies on the mechanism of resistance of selected murine tumors to L-alanosine. PMID- 7236313 TI - The effect of streptozotocin diabetes on endotoxicosis in mice. PMID- 7236314 TI - The involvement of the gastro-intestinal microflora in nitro-compound-induced methaemoglobinaemia in rats and its relationship to nitrogroup reduction. PMID- 7236315 TI - Phenylhydrazine: selective inhibition of human brain type B monoamine oxidase. PMID- 7236316 TI - Role of cholesterol in the distribution of haloperidol and trifluoperazine in blood and plasma. PMID- 7236317 TI - The isolated perfused rat brain preparation in the study of monoamine oxidase and benzylamine oxidase. Lack of selective brain perfusion. PMID- 7236318 TI - Further studies on the increase in drug-metabolizing capacity adjacent to intrahepatic Morris hepatomas. PMID- 7236320 TI - Preservation of glucuronidation in carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in the rat. PMID- 7236319 TI - A coupled microsomal-activating/embryo culture system: toxicity of reduced beta nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). PMID- 7236321 TI - Increased incidence of cervical atypia in women with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with chemotherapy. AB - In a retrospective study we found that 19 of 80 women with systemic lupus erythematosus had atypical cervical smears as compared to only 9 of 80 age matched women without the disease. This increased incidence occurred mainly among women receiving cytotoxic drugs. Cervical atypia in women with lupus was not morphologically different from cervical atypia in general. Possible mechanisms responsible for the increased incidence are discussed. It is concluded that women with lupus who receive chemotherapy should have cervical smears taken regularly. PMID- 7236322 TI - DNA/anti-DNA complexes: correlation of size and complement fixation. AB - The hydrodynamic sizes of antibody/3H-dsDNA immune complexes are correlated with their ability to fix complement in a red blood cell-complement linked binding assay. The results with PM2 dsDNA and a sonicated preparation (with a molecular weight of approximately 5.10(5) suggest that packing considerations are also important in the complement binding reaction. The relevance of these findings with respect to the role of antibody/dsDNA immune complexes in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus is discussed. PMID- 7236323 TI - Association of myositis and myocarditis in progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - A retrospective review of 47 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis revealed a highly significant (P less than 0.001) association between myositis and myocarditis. Three patients developed clinically overt myocarditis as an early feature of their disease. These patients had an inflammatory myopathy indistinguishable from polymyositis. Despite an excellent clinical response to steroids, the late occurrence of life-threatening conduction system defects appeared while they were receiving therapy. Consequently, patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and myositis should be evaluated for a coexisting myocarditis. The findings in these patients lend further support to the concept of a generalized myopathic process among the connective tissue diseases. PMID- 7236324 TI - The intestinal bypass: arthritis-dermatitis syndrome. AB - Of the 31 patients who developed polyarthritis following jejunoileal bypass for obesity, 24 had cutaneous vasculitis (urticarial, pustular, and nodular), 11 paresthesias, 10 Raynaud's phenomenon, and 1 pericarditis. Blind loop symptoms (14 of 26 patients), cryoglobulinemia (10 of 28), and immune deposits in biopsied skin lesions (5 of 7) support the theory of a relationship between bowel bacteria and immune complexes. Treating the blind loop with antibiotics and sphincteroplasty to prevent bacterial reflux into the blind loop helped 5 of 10 and 6 of 9 patients, respectively. A comparison is made to other bowel associated arthritides. PMID- 7236325 TI - Proteoglycans from normal and degenerate cartilage of the adult human tibial plateau. AB - Proteoglycans were extracted from normal and degenerate cartilage of the human tibial plateau. Both areas possessed proteoglycans of similar chemical composition, though the degenerate cartilage contained a greater proportion of molecules of lower buoyant density and enriched in keratan sulfate. There was no evidence for the changes in glycosaminoglycan synthesis that have been described for clinically osteoarthritic cartilage, or for changes in the ability to aggregate with hyaluronic acid. PMID- 7236326 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis in a Chippewa Band. I. Pilot screening study of disease prevalence. AB - The Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians in central Minnesota was screened for rheumatoid arthritis, with a 77% completion rate of the reservation census. Rheumatoid arthritis was found in marked excess, namely 6.8% of those evaluated or, minimally, 5.3% of the total band if all persons had been evaluated with no additional cases identified. This relatively closed population thus provides an opportunity to assess genetic and environmental factors of significance in this disease. PMID- 7236327 TI - HLA and rheumatoid arthritis in the Japanese. AB - Sixty-three Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were typed for HLA A, -B, and -DR locus specificities. A significant association was found only with increased frequency of HLA-DR4 in the patients (71.4%) compared with controls (41.8%) (corrected P = 0.007, relative risk = 3.5). No association was found with HLA-A9 or HLA-Bw54, which are in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DR4 in the Japanese. The association between HLA-DR4 and RA observed in these Japanese patients has also been demonstrated in the white population. PMID- 7236328 TI - Resorption of the mandibular condyles and coronoid processes in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). PMID- 7236329 TI - Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy in severe ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 7236330 TI - Stress fractures of the pelvis as a cause of hip pain following total hip and knee arthroplasty. PMID- 7236331 TI - Use of the B27 test in the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis: a statistical evaluation. PMID- 7236332 TI - B7-CREG in arthritis associated with pyoderma gangrenosum. PMID- 7236333 TI - Disappearance of chondrocalcinosis following reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. PMID- 7236334 TI - Pseudopodagra in Behcet's syndrome. PMID- 7236335 TI - The extracellular lysosome. PMID- 7236336 TI - Glomerulonephritis in seronegative spondylarthritis syndrome. PMID- 7236338 TI - Thrombocytopenia associated with sulindac. PMID- 7236337 TI - Agranulocytosis and sulindac. PMID- 7236339 TI - Friends of Nepal's hearing handicapped--an outreach by the private sector. PMID- 7236340 TI - Prevalence estimates of communicative disorders in the U.S. Speech disorders. PMID- 7236341 TI - E pluribus unum. PMID- 7236342 TI - [Uro-enteric prostheses: voiding activity and morphological changes of epithelium (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrastructural findings in epithelium of human entero-urinary grafts are presented, five and ten years after intervention. Severity of changes seems to be in relationship with functional defects of grafts, chiefly as voiding is concerned, more than with the duration of implantation and the presence of a sphincteric control. As a matter of fact, as far as an active, regular, complete voiding is obtained, only slight late changes occur in ultrastructure, while flattening of macrovilli and cohalescence of cryptae are early findings. Anyhow, no favorable effect is to be expected from these epithelial changes in order to prevent absorption and/or secretion. PMID- 7236344 TI - [Scientific and clinical investigation on dental retention (author's transl)]. AB - The authors carried out clinical and statistical investigations on 784 cases of dental retention with the aim of comparing their data with that of other authors as well as express some of their considerations on the etiopathogenesis, the complications and the therapy of dental retention. PMID- 7236343 TI - [The poststenotic subclavian artery dilatation (author's transl)]. AB - Two poststenotic subclavian artery dilatations are described. The distinction between a poststenotic dilatation and aneurysm is based on arteriography, showing associated with explorative arteriotomy, if needed. In the case of even wide poststenotic dilatation, the first rib only should be removed. The first rib resection in the described patients controlled after 2 and 7 years, was followed by reduction of arterial dilatation in one case and by stabilization in the other. This result confirms that arterial grafting must be considered only in the treatment of true poststenotic aneurysm. PMID- 7236345 TI - [A review technique: the interscalene brachial plexus block in orthopedic surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The paper is dedicated to the description of a technique now new but also not very used, of regional anesthesia, indicated for surgery of upper limbs: the interscalene brachial plexus block. In Author's experience this type of anesthesia has many indications, related especially to orthopedic and traumatologic surgery, in patients with high anesthesiologic danger. This type of regional anesthesia by interscalene technique is, in Author's opinion, much better than the axillar technique, now moore frequently used. PMID- 7236346 TI - [Chronic fistulous subphrenic abscess. Anatomic and clinic considerations on four cases (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors describe four cases of chronic fistulous subphrenic abscess in abdominal and thoracic regions, which have come to their observation during the period of time between 1972-1979. The various locations of these abscess are being described together with the possible processes of formation, taking in to account, also for what emerges from literature, the silent course of the illness and the non specific characteristics concerning their symptomatology. Chronicity is a relatively rare condition and involves dangerous and prolonged exposures to the disease, any time the diagnosis is delayed. In the cases reported the first clinical symptoms of the abscess took place during a period of the ranging from 8 months to 6 years and 10 months after an operation. So one must think immediately to the disease when, even a long time after an operation on bile ducts or on gastroenteric canal, non specific clinical symptoms appear even though the clinical and radiological findings keep on being negative. PMID- 7236347 TI - [Local recurrences after mastectomy for cancer (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors, in a review of 162 patients submitted to mastectomy for cancer, have considered the incidence of local recurrences related to the type of operation and to the clinical stage of primitive neoplasia. Particularly, the percentage of local recurrences does not seem to be related to the type of surgical procedure employed but rather to the presence of metastatic lymph nodes at the time of the first treatment of neoplasia. Is also related the treatment of the local recurrences observed and the detained data are compared with that reported in the literature, particularly about the mechanisms of formation, the incidence and the types of treatment. PMID- 7236348 TI - Role of the neostriatal dopaminergic activity in sequencing and selecting behavioural strategies: facilitation of processes involved in selecting the best strategy in a stressful situation. AB - The purpose of this study was to detect the behavioural effect of drug-induced changes in the neostriatal dopaminergic activity upon the degree of intrinsic (self-generated) and extrinsic (externally produced) constraints on the selection of behavioural patterns in rats. Both systemic and neostriatal injections of extremely low doses of apomorphine and haloperidol were used to change the neostriatal dopaminergic activity. Behavioural changes were observed in (a) an open-field test, (b) a so-called 'swimming without escape' test, (c) a so-called 'swimming with escape' test, and (d) a test to detect deficiencies in sensory, motor and sensorimotor capacities required to perform both swimming tests. Evidence is found that the neostriatum, especially the neostriatal, dopaminergic activity determines the animal's ability to select the best strategy in a stressful situation by modifying the process of switching strategies under pressure of factors intrinsic to the organism: neither sensory neglect nor inability to initiate voluntary movements underlay the observed phenomena. It is suggested that the neostriatum determines the individual flexibility to cope with available sensory information. PMID- 7236349 TI - The role of conditioned stimulus termination in short-latency avoidance responding in cats. AB - The behavioral effects of two procedures for bar-pressing avoidance training in cats were studied. In one procedure conditioned stimulus (CS) termination was response-contingent on both shock and non-shock trials; in the other the minimal duration of the CS was equal to the CS-US (unconditioned stimulus) interval. When avoidance responses did not terminate the CS short-latency avoidance responses were not acquired, the cats made more intertrial responses, and removal of the proreal and orbital gyri interfered more with avoidance responding than was observed in the other group. Abolition of shock application and introduction of a fixed duration of the CS resulted in extinction of the avoidance responses, which was more rapid in cats trained under the response contingent CS termination procedure. The data suggest that responses performed during the CS-US interval should be divided into two subclasses: short-latency responses which not only avoid pain but also avoid fear conditioned to the CS, and long-latency responses which avoid pain and escape from the fear state. PMID- 7236350 TI - Conditioned inhibition of the nictitating membrane response in decorticate rabbits. AB - Rabbits with substantial neocortical ablation were trained in a Pavlovian conditioned inhibition task using a light as the reinforced conditioned stimulus (CS) and the same light compounded with a tone as the non-reinforced CS. The conditioned response was the nictitating membrane response, and the unconditioned stimulus was paraorbital shock. Training began 4-14 months postoperatively. With a number of procedural variations across 4 experiments, there was little evidence of impaired conditioned inhibition by decorticates compared to control animals. These results are consistent with earlier reports on Pavlovian discrimination learning and reversal involving single-element CSs from different sense modalities. Hence, they extend the basic conclusion that neocortex is not essential for Pavlovian inhibition to the conditioned inhibition paradigm. Consideration of these findings in the light of previous investigations of conditioned inhibition in rabbits, involving mesencephalic or hippocampal lesions, supports the hypothesis that the crucial neural elements for Pavlovian inhibition may be located in the brain stem. PMID- 7236351 TI - Effects of kainic acid lesions in the lateral hypothalamus on behavior and hippocampal and neocortical electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in the rat. AB - Electrolytic lesions of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) are known to produce severe and chronic behavioral and electrographic abnormalities. In order to assess the effects of damage to LH cells vs damage to fibers of passage in the LH, a comparison was made of the effects of electrolytic lesions and microinjections of the neurotoxin kainic acid (kainate) in the LH. Behavior and neocortical and hippocampal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity were studied before, immediately after, and for 25 days after the lesions were made. Electrolytic lesioned rats were aphagic and adipsic, showed an absence of normal atropine resistant EEG activity, and a release of atropine-sensitive EEG activity in the hippocampus and neocortex. Kainic acid-lesioned rats showed some similar behavioral impairments but the kainate lesions produced different EEG abnormalities, including chronic slow-wave and seizure activity in both the neocortex and hippocampus. Following extended recovery hippocampal EEG was normal despite extensive cellular loss in areas CA3 and CA4. Understanding of the differences in EEG between the electrolytic and kainate effects was compounded by widespread cellular damage in areas outside the hypothalamus in the rats with kainate lesions. Thus, the kainate-produced abnormalities precluded a simple analysis of the contribution that cell damage alone makes to LH lesion-induced behavioral and EEG changes. PMID- 7236352 TI - Spatial tuning properties in human amblyopia cannot explain the loss of optotype acuity. AB - Strabismic amblyopes may exhibit in their squinting eye an almost normal contrast sensitivity to gratings although their optotype acuity is strongly impaired. This discrepancy cannot be accounted for by reduced selectivity of spatial-frequency channels or line-sensitivity functions. Alternative explanations for the loss of letter visual acuity as abnormal interactions between psycho-physical detector mechanisms or defects in spatial phase sensitivity are discussed. PMID- 7236353 TI - The effect of environmental stimulation on brain weight in previously undernourished rats. PMID- 7236354 TI - Further studies on the immunoglobulin allotypes (Gm, Am and Km) in India. AB - A total of 652 sera from Delhi, Bombay and Madras were tested for G1m (f, z, a, x), G3m (b0, 1, 3, 5, c3, 5, g, s, t, and v), A2m (1 and 2) and Km (1). The results indicate marked north to south clinical variation in the haplotype distribution, with Gmz,a;g varying from 0.226 to 0.382, and Gmz,a,x;g varying from 0.072 to 0.181, while Gmf; b varies from 0.505 to 0.296 and Gmz,a;b varies from 0.155 to 0.052. These differences are further magnified between high castes in the north and low castes in the south. In addition, high castes in both the north and south have indications of Asian admixture. Finally the Gmz,a;b haplotype found in Indians, is probably of central Asian origin. The frequency of A2m (2) positive specimens shows a tendency to increase from north to south and this difference is accentuated between high castes in the north and low castes in the south. The frequency of Km1 did not show any significant variation by location or caste. PMID- 7236355 TI - A genetic study of some Gujarat populations. AB - A study of gene frequencies at 24 loci and their phenotypes in four castes of Gujarat indicates their general alignment with other populations of western India. There is distinct genetic heterogeneity among them, which appears to be maintained by an endogamous breeding structure. The presence of some marker alleles suggests appreciable African influence in at least one of the castes, but other explanations are possible. PMID- 7236356 TI - Genetic studies on some tribes of the Telangana region, Andhra, Pradesh, India. AB - Phenotype distributions and gene frequencies of nine red cell enzyme systems and haemoglobin are presented for six tribal populations from the Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh. AEO, MN and Rh blood group data are presented for four of these tribes. The results have been compared with these from other Andhra Pradesh tribal Populations. The Yerukula tribe are notable for the presence of PGM7 1 at polymorphic frequency, the occurrence of a single example of PGM10 2 and the absence of Hbs. PMID- 7236357 TI - Genetic distance studies in India. AB - The possibilities for genetic distance studies afforded by the nature of the populations in and social structure of India are discussed. Theoretical work done in India on genetic distance measures is reviewed and a few of the more significant genetic distance studies at 3 levels are summarized. Reasons for the studies not being commensurate with the possibilities are pointed out along with what has to be and can be done. PMID- 7236358 TI - The frequency of private electrophoretic variants and indirect estimates of mutation rate in scheduled tribes from South India. AB - Data on private electrophoretic variants for 18 Scheduled Tribe populations from south India have been utilized to estimate mutation rate by two indirect procedures. The values of mu for the total pooled data are 0.150 x 10(-6) and 0.264 x 10(-6)/locus per generation by the methods of Kimura and Ohta30 and Nei44 respectively. Three different groups of these tribes yield the unweighted average values of mu as 0.193 x 10(-6) and 0.410 x 10(-6)/locus per generation by the two methods given above. The estimates on individual populations, however, show a wide variability, even if only the non-zero results are considered. The unweighted average of these individual tribe estimates is an order of magnitude higher than the estimates obtained for the total populations of all the 18 tribes. The problems involved in estimating mutation rate from protein data using indirect methods in tribal populations of India are considerable because of their levels of detribalization and acculturation. The validity of the low values of mu in these tribes, in comparison with the much higher estimates for the populations from the other parts of the world, is discussed. PMID- 7236359 TI - [Phosphorylation of viral polypeptides in cells infected with influenza virus]. AB - Experiments carried out in vivo with WSN (H0N1) and FPV (Hav1N1) strains of influenza virus have shown the presence of phosphorylated virus-induced polypeptides. Notably it was interesting the behaviour of the non-structural NS1, NP nucleoprotein and membrane M viral components whose phosphorylation was different among the cellular hosts tested. In in vitro experiments we were able to demonstrate a protein-kinase-activity in purified virions. The similarities and differences found in vivo and in vitro systems are discussed taking into consideration the fact that viral replicative cycle is closely dependent from the cellular host and the pattern of influenza virus infection is unique between different hosts. PMID- 7236360 TI - Non-gonococcal urethritis: epidemiological and etiological study in Italy. AB - The Authors report the results of a study on the etiology of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) carried out on 180 male patients with NGU and on 50 healthy volunteers matched for age and sex. Chlamydia trachomatis infection was proven by culture in 54 (30%) of the NGU-patients and in none of the healthy controls. Ureaplasma urealyticum was recovered from men both with and without urethritis. Bacteria other than C. trachomatis were not found in NGU-patients in a significant percentage. All C. trachomatis-positive NGU-patients presented antibodies against C. trachomatis, by indirect fluorescence, while only 54% of C. trachomatis-negative NGU-patients and 22% of healthy volunteers, were positive. A further serological screening of 78 women with no history of urethritis or cervicitis and 44 children less than 10 years of age was carried out in order to investigate the prevalence of serum antibodies against C. trachomatis in groups of healthy population in Italy. PMID- 7236361 TI - [Influence of antibiotics on leukocyte migration]. AB - Polymorphonuclear granulocytes play an important role in the immediate unspecific host response, and a depression of their functions can be found in many patients with severe or recurrent infections. Therefore administration of drugs causing such impairment in PMN function may be regarded as an additional risk for negative side effects to the patient. In our report the influence of 13 antibiotics--amphotericin B, ampicillin, tauglicolcillin, amoxicillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, cephaloridine, cefalexin, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, rifamycin, fosfomycin--on the granulocyte spontaneous and induced migration is investigated under in vitro experimental conditions. Human PMN preincubated with the antibiotics appropriately brought to the desired concentrations (therapeutic dose, 1/10 and 10X) in Hepes-Medium 199 water solution pH 7.2, were washed three times and tested for spontaneous and induced migration under agarose. Our experiments demonstrate that amphotericin B, cefalexin, cephaloridine, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, dicloxacillin, gentamicin and rifamycin can inhibit in vitro human PMN chemotaxis and/or random migration. Inhibition of intracellular respiratory enzyme synthesis, presence of inactive metabolites of the drug, alterations of cyclic AMP and GMP or of the membrane bound divalent cations can be responsible of the phenomenon. PMID- 7236362 TI - Crohn's disease, serum immunodepressive factors and circulating immune complexes. AB - The presence of serum immunodepressive factors (SIDF), able to inhibit E-rosette formation of normal donor lymphocytes and the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) was studied in sera from 45 patients with Crohn's disease. Significantly elevated levels of both SIDF and CIC were detected in the majority of the examined cases. The parameters seem to correlate well with the disease activity. The effect of SIDF on E-rosette formation could be at least partially neutralized by simultaneous incubation with levamisole. PMID- 7236363 TI - [Immune response in the course of Kaposi's sarcoma]. AB - 9 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, not treated with immunosuppressant drugs, were studied. In the Kaposi's disseminated form an impaired function of T mediated immunity (Leukocytes migration inhibition for PHA and PPD and skin test for DNCB) was found. The number of T lymphocytes (E rosettes) was normal. In the Kaposi's initial form with multiple dermal plaques and nodules, these alterations of cellular immunity were absent. In 4 patients elevated titles of Cytomegalovirus antibodies were found. The occurrence of an impairment of cellular immunity only in the serious and disseminated Kaposi's form is emphasized by the Authors. PMID- 7236364 TI - [Spot test: use of a micromethod with whole blood in allergy diagnosis]. AB - A limiting factor for the use of some in vitro techniques in the allergological diagnostic (RAST, PRIST, Precipitins) in the pediatric field, was the amount of serum needed for their carrying out, very difficult to obtain, especially in neonatology. In the present report the Authors record the results obtained by using a micromethod on the whole blood, called "Spot Test", which consists in the use of a particular base on which the blood drops are directly absorbed. The "Spot Test" showed the same sensitivity and reproducibility of the allergometric tests performed on the serum, therefore the correlation coefficients "r" for the RAST (r = 0.96), PRIST (r = 0.92) Precipitins (r = 0.89) showed to be highly significant for a close correlation between the two tests. Besides the "Spot test" turned out to be endowed, once the bases disc-blood dried with a stability at room temperature for several months (four months) without losing its sensitivity or specificity. This allows the possible sending of these bases to Specialized Centers without any particular problems of storage. PMID- 7236366 TI - [Asymptomatic carriers of Yersinia enterocolitica in the province of Ferrara]. PMID- 7236365 TI - [Research on a new allergenic extract adsorbed on L-tyrosine. Pharmacological and immunotherapeutic findings]. AB - Antigen-specific immunotherapy, whose usefulness has been widely and objectively documented in the last few years, and whose therapeutic effectiveness depends on the administration of high doses of antigen, exploits the use of retard allergenic extracts which turn out to be more tolerated, and liable to a lower occurrence of side-effects. The Authors describe the results obtained with pollinosis vaccine adsorbed on L-tyrosine and employed on 206 patients with seasonal allergic conditions. Pharmacological experiments were performed on these vaccines, to establish their general tolerability (on mice and guinea-pigs), their local tolerability and the prolonged tolerability on rats. The results of the pharmacological experiments show that the vaccine does not cause any side effects or toxic phenomena, that the growth curve of the animals treated is superposable to that of the controls, and that the product is perfectly absorbed without irritation or phlogosis of the peripheral tissues. As far as the clinical data are concerned a high percentage of cases (56.6%) classified as "optimal" were observed, while only a low percentage (4.54%) showed results classified as "null". Concerning the occurrence and the frequency of side-effects we should like to point out that only in one of the 206 cases tested (0.48%) was there local itching. These data are particularly significant, when compared with the side effects registered during immunotherapy with the aqueous vaccines. PMID- 7236367 TI - [Osmotic agents and their indications]. PMID- 7236368 TI - [Intravenous use of glycerol combined with sodium ascorbate or glucose in the treatment of cerebral edema and ocular hypertension in the rabbit]. PMID- 7236369 TI - [Clinical use of glycerol-sodium ascorbate by the intravenous route in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7236370 TI - [Intravenous treatment of intracranial hypertension and cerebral edema with stabilized solutions of glycerol-sodium ascorbate]. PMID- 7236371 TI - Potentiometric microdetermination of benzalkonium content of the hard contact lens solutions marketed in Italy. PMID- 7236372 TI - [Serum kinetics and biotransformation of prostenoglycine in the rat, dog and monkey]. PMID- 7236373 TI - Influence of the strain on bleeding time in rats. PMID- 7236374 TI - [Hypotensive effects of intravenous glycerol in experimental ocular hypertension induced by triethyltin in the rabbit]. PMID- 7236375 TI - [Intravenous osmotic therapy using the combination of glycerol and sodium ascorbate in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 7236377 TI - [Protective effect of sodium ascorbate and glucose on the lytic action of glycerol on the rabbit erythrocyte]. PMID- 7236376 TI - [Importance of sodium ascorbate and glucose in antagonizing the most frequent side effects of glycerol on the blood and kidneys]. PMID- 7236378 TI - [HDL cholesterol during physiological pregnancy]. PMID- 7236379 TI - [Stimulation and inhibition induced by N-ethylmaleimide in hydrolysis of ATP in rat liver mitochondria]. AB - Data already reported have shown that in rat liver mitochondria N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) affects the energy dependent uptake of Ca2+ and K+ in a similar way as they do uncouplers and respiratory inhibitors. It was proposed that NEM could influence the energetic state of mitochondria, required to set up and maintain the gradient of cations across the inner membrane (1-3). In this paper the effect of NEM on the mitochondrial ATP-ase activity, has been tested. NEM added to intact mitochondria increases by more than 100% the hydrolysis of ATP supported by endogenous ATP-ase activity and inhibits the ATP-ase activity induced by couplers. Although the concentration of NEM is enought to inhibit the Pi-OH- exchange, in both cases all the Pi derived from ATP hydrolysis is found outside the mitochondria. The inhibition of uncoupler induced ATP-ase activity, the finding that the stimulatory effect of NEM is abolished by oligomycin and atractyloside and the observation that NEM does not influence the hydrolysis of ATP in sonic mitochondria, exclude the possibility of an unspecific damage of the inner membrane and of a direct effect on NEM on the ATP-ase system. The results obtained could be consistent with the possibility that in intact mitochondria nem may regulate the distribution across the inner membrane of H+ and/or K+. Concerning the problem of Pi transport our data are inconsistent with the existence of Pi-ADP cotransport (7) and with an involvement of dicarboxylate carrier. PMID- 7236380 TI - [Changes in various parameters of cell-mediated immunity after infection with Friend virus]. PMID- 7236381 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative determination of glycosaminoglycans in the blood of healthy males and females]. PMID- 7236382 TI - Functional importance of the taste papillae of Phormia regina M. AB - Electrophysiological recording from taste papillae of Phormia regina M. after stimulation with sugar (sucrose, glucose, fructose and galactose) and salt solutions (NaCl, KCl, KNO3 and CaCl2) has indicated that: 1) in all cases the responses showed a phasic onset about 30 sec in duration; 2) after sugar stimulation the phasic onset of the response was followed by a slow adapting tonic period; 3) no tonic period was present after NaCl, KCl, or KNO3 stimulation; 4) CaCl2 evoked a typical volleying activity that can be explained by a greater spatial spreading of electrotonic currents. These results indicate that the proboscis can only be maintained in an extended position (enabling food to be ingested) by rithmic firing from the papillae. PMID- 7236383 TI - [Electroneutrality of the gastric fluids in the dog in vivo with Heidenhain denervated gastric pouches]. AB - Ionic fluxes and electroneutrality were studied during HCl and fatty acids perfusion through canine Heidenhain pouches. Fatty acids at low concentrations were incapable of modifying the percentages of ionic movements observed during HCl perfusion. In spite fatty acids induced modest signs of gastric mucosal injury like increased disappearance of H+, increased appearance of Na+ in the contents, reduction in potential difference. Results obtained either in the presence or absence of fatty acids showed: 1. at low HCl concentration exchange diffusion of Na+ for H+ occurred at 1:1 mole basis; 2. at high HCl concentrations increased movement of H+ to blood and decreased movement of Na+ to gastric contents caused a greater diffusion of Cl- out of pouches. PMID- 7236384 TI - [Effects of sodium salicylate on blood sugar]. AB - The effect of constant perfusion of sodium salicylate on blood glucose has been studied in anestethyzed normale Wistar rats. The sodium salicylate perfused at the rate of 0,148 mg/min for 30 minutes has not statistically significant effect on glycemia. PMID- 7236385 TI - [Metabolism of glucose-3-H3 during perfusion of sodium salicylate]. AB - The effect of sodium salicylate perfused at constant rate for 30 minutes on Glucose-3-H3 kinetics has been studied in anestethyzed normal Wistar rats, controlling blood glucose levels, Ra and Rd. While blood glucose levels and Rd were not affected, the Ra values were influenced between the 20th and the 30th minute of salicylate perfusion. PMID- 7236386 TI - [Free carbohydrates of the normal liver]. AB - A separation of liver carbohydrates was carried by means of paper chromatography on deproteinized ethanolic extracts of frozen livers. The carbohydrates most frequently observed were Ribose, Xylose, Fructose, Glucose, Maltose, Maltotriose, Maltotetrose; isomaltose was found less frequently. PMID- 7236387 TI - [Standardization of a method of determining the thiolic-SH groups in human blood due to kinetic considerations]. AB - Since the reaction of colorimetric titration of the sulphydril groups in human serum with the Ellman method, useful, besides, to follow the course of rheumatic diseases, occurs at 100% only after quite long time, for routine analysis it's necessary to keep to a standard degree of reaction, that is to take the absorbance always after the same time. Referring instead to the plateau of the titration curve it's necessary to put oneself in the conditions to reach the 100% of reaction in a short time. This is possible only by diluting the serum strongly, to the detriment of the precision of the analysis. The best conditions we found for quick and sufficiently precise clinical analysis are obtained by absorbances included between 0,15 and 0,30 u.A., which are reached with a calculated dilution of serum. PMID- 7236388 TI - [Creatinine in the amniotic fluid]. AB - Creatinine concentration in the amniotic fluid during the latter half of pregnancy was investigated by single determinations in 39 patients and serial determinations in 2 patients. Concentrations of creatinine remained constant or increased very gradually up to approximately 34 weeks, at which point a more abrupt increase apparently took place so that after 37 weeks the level was 1,5 mg. Physiologically, these data lend support to the commonly held theory of fetal urine as an additive source of amniotic fluid. Clinically, they suggest that assay of creatinine might prove useful in estimation of fetal maturity. PMID- 7236389 TI - [Preliminary histochemical observations on immature placental villi]. AB - 1) A great amount of glycogen is present in the syncytium of the villus and in the fibroblastic and Hoffbauer's cells of the mesenchymal core. 2) PAS-positive diastase-insoluble material, probably to be ascribed to the chorionic glycoprotein, is present, on the other hand, in the syncytial collar and in the basal region of the syncytial cytoplasm. 3) The higly argyrophil reticulum of the villus stroma is PAS-negative. PMID- 7236390 TI - [Aspects of glycosylation of plasma proteins in patients with diabetes mellitus]. AB - In 24 diabetic patients with different degree of metabolic control, the nonenzimatic glucosylation of plasma proteins, expressed as nmol of 5 hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) per mg of plasma protein, showed values which were higher than those found in 1 control subjects. In the diabetics, this phenomenon could not be correlated with basal glucose plasma levels, while a linear regression was found with total glucosylated hemoglobin. It is proposed that the non-enzimatic glucosylation of plasma proteins may represent an index of medium term control of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7236391 TI - [Total cellularity and the mitotic index of the Yoshida ascites tumor after pinealectomy in the rat]. PMID- 7236392 TI - [Thermal acclimatation in rats. I. Influence on reproductivity and fetal development]. AB - Virgin female rats were kept in rooms where temperature was about 5 degrees C higher or lower than standard rearing temperature for two weeks before mating and during pregnancy. Acclimatation to changed environmental conditions caused reproductive alterations: ovulation increase; decrease of implanting blastocists and/or viable foetuses; developmental defects. PMID- 7236393 TI - Influence of levamisole treatment in old people. AB - Eight hospitalized people, over 77 years old, have been treated during one month with Levamisole at the dose of 150 mg a day, once a week. They have been compared to 18 controls matched for age. Levamisole raised the number of E rosettes in aged patients. This effect was found to be significant. However the increase of the percentage of E rosettes was not comparable to the percentage found in young healthy subjects. In three subjects the administration of the drug resulted in a fall of auto-antibodies noted before therapy. PMID- 7236394 TI - [Autoantibodies in advanced old-age]. AB - A variety of autoantibodies (anti-nuclear, anti-mitochondrial, anti-smooth muscle, anti-gastric parietal cell) were measured by indirect immunofluorescence. At least one of such autoantibodies was detected in 65.2% of 46 old people sera (ranging from 76 to 95). Both a decrease in the efficiency of the immune response and a failure of the immunoregulatory mechanisms occurring with age may account for the above findings. PMID- 7236395 TI - [Influence of nutrition on cellular multiplication in the epithelium of the glands of the small intestine after electrothermocoagulation of the tubero infundibular region of the hypothalamus in the rat]. PMID- 7236396 TI - [Nutritional surveys in some centers of 3 provinces of Sardinia. I Nutrition and socio-economic conditions]. PMID- 7236397 TI - [Nutritional surveys in some centers of 3 provinces of Sardinia. II. Nutrition and tradition]. AB - The differences between the nutritional habits we noticed in the villages under study, concern the geographical position, the kind of agricultural or pastoral economy and industrialization. However, these are not the only decisive factors. In some villages where average income in high, tradition still influences nutritional habits, as the preference for some typical dishes suggests. In other villages, where income is low, but where progress has been rapidly reached, the preference for more sophisticated or advertised foods seems to prevail. PMID- 7236398 TI - [Thermodynamic analysis of oxygen/transport to the turtle heart]. AB - Isolated turtle hearts were perfused, at constant flow, with human erytrocytes suspensions containing different levels of 2,3-DPG. PO2 measurements, in the blood leaving the heart, resulted in lower figures when the tissue was perfused with low affinity blood compared with perfusion of high affinity blood. Thermodynamic analysis was, also, carried out at four different levels of temperature. The results suggest that, in severe hypoxia, oxygen delivery to the tissue is increased when perfusion is performed with high oxygen affinity blood. PMID- 7236399 TI - [Blood coagulation in immersion in high altitudes]. AB - At sea level, a group of four volunteers performed 20 m dives, three more hyperventilated on 12% O2 in N2 for 12 min and held their breaths for the longest time possible. All subjects were civilian sport divers. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, 2,3-DPG, plasma fibrinogen, prothrombin, alfa 1-antitrypsin, antithrombin III, plasminogen and whole-Blood Coagulation Time (BCT) were measured. 2,3-DPG was increased during high altitude permanence. Post-dive BCT was lenghtened (39%) at high altitude and shortened (30%) at sea level. No difference in BCT was detected after hypoxia hyperventilation. The results suggest that in chronic hypoxia biochemical and functional modifications take place in the blood affecting the length of BCT. PMID- 7236400 TI - Coronary circulation after suppression of barorecptor reflexes (preliminary observations). AB - In five anaesthetized open-chest dogs, aortic blood pressure, cardiac output and coronary flow were recorded. After the barorecptor reflex activity was suppressed by clamping both common carotid arteries and cutting both vagi nerves, aortic blood pressure and mean coronary flow increased. Phasic coronary flow further decreased in systole and increased in diastole, whereas coronary vascular resistance fell only when the suppression of the baroreceptor reflex activity had caused an increase of the heart rate. PMID- 7236401 TI - Clastogenic effect of BrdU on different phases of human lymphocyte "in vitro" cell cycle. AB - From the data presented, it can be pointed out a mitotic delay in the cell cycle, possibly due to BrdU cytotoxic effect. Irradiation in G1 phase does not produce any increase in SCE frequency while irradiation in S or G2 phase increases significantly this frequency. Our data support the hypothesis that BrdU does not produce by itself an increase of chromosome aberrations but act as sensitizer for cells which have incorporated it. PMID- 7236402 TI - [Microvascularization of the thymus gland in birds. Research in Gallus gallus]. AB - The microcirculation of thymic lobule has been studied. The vascular feature is markedly different compared with mammalian thymic circulation. Only one artery trunk, the intralobular thymic artery branching off from intralobular artery has been evidentiated. Interlobular arter penetrates the lobule and originates a bed of narrow thin-walled capilary network, thinner in the pheriphery. PMID- 7236403 TI - [Pattern of the endolobular blood vessels of the thymus gland during induced involution. Research in Lepus cuniculus]. PMID- 7236404 TI - [Peculiar aspects of venous drainage of the adrenal gland in the dog]. PMID- 7236405 TI - [Influence of anti-epileptic drugs on blood lipid parameters: preliminary data]. AB - Total cholesterol, free cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides have been assayed in serum of 42 epileptic patients in chronic therapy (21 in monotherapy and 21 in polytherapy) in comparison with 21 normal controls. Free cholesterol showed an highly significant increase in epileptics, in whom triglycerides appeared very reduced. In contrast to previous reports of a large increase of HDL cholesterol in phenitoin treated patients, only a not significant increase was found. The other parameters appeared unchanged. No differencies could be detected among monotherapy and polytherapy or among the singles monotherapies (phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine). PMID- 7236406 TI - [Innervation of the bronchial tree in cattle]. AB - In bovine bronchia a peribronochial nervous plexus, two thin one around polmonary arteries and veins and an inner plexus disposed in the mucous structures have been evidentiated. Numerous big nervous ganglia in connection with peribronchial plexus, particularly in the wider bronchia have been observed: in the mucous and submucous membrane of wider bronchia, sensitive nervous terminations are located. PMID- 7236407 TI - Meal stimulated response of serum bile acids levels in normal and altered bile acids enterohepatic circulation. AB - Sequential measurement of postprandial serum levels of bile acids was carried out in ten healthy controls and in four patients with different impairment of bile acids enterohepatic circulation. An enzymathic fluormetric method was used for SBA analysis. The peak of increase above fasting baseline in normal subjects was 11.8 +/- 1.2 microM/1 (mean +/- SD). In a cholecystectomized subject no SBA peak was observed. Two patients with mild and severe liver impairment (i.e. alcoholic steatosis and Summerskill-Walshe disease during an acute attack of jaundice) had postprandial SBA increase of 20 microM/1 and 70 microM/1 respectively. In a patient affected by Crohn's disease, with proved bile acids malabsorption, a negligible postprandial SBA increase was noted (6.65 microM/1). It is concluded that meal stimulated response of SBA levels might be useful index of altered hepatobiliary and intestinal function. PMID- 7236408 TI - [Modifications of the water balance and urinary excretion of sodium and potassium in obese subjects on a "single-meal" low-calorie diet]. AB - Four obese patients were given a single-meal diet (684 kcal.) for two periods of three days each. Water-loss, according to Peter-Passmore formula, and urinary sodium and potassium excretion were measured at 4-hours intervals. A water-loss greater in the first than in the second and in the third day in both periods and a strong linear correlation between water-loss and sodium urinary excretion were found. Furthermore a circadian rhythm either is sodium or in potassium urinary excretion not modifiable by meal timing with both regiment was detected. PMID- 7236409 TI - [Variations in carbohydrate, lipid and protein oxidation evaluated by indirect calorimetry in obese subjects on a "single-meal" low-calorie diet]. AB - Four obese patients were given a single-meal diet (Kcal, 684) for two periods of three days each. CO2 production and 02 consumption were measured every four hours for 30'. At the same times urine samples were collected for nitrogen evaluations. By Consolatio's formulas the amount of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins oxidated in the three days of both periods was calculated. No changes in carbohydrate and lipid oxidation rates were found during the three days with meal at h.10, while a progressive increase in lipid oxidation and a progressive decrease in carbohydrates oxidation could be observed with meal at h. 18. No change with both regimes could be observed in protein oxidation. Furthermore a circadian rhythm of lipid and carbohydrate oxidation with both regimens was observed, while protein oxidation showed a circadian rhythm only with meal at h.10. PMID- 7236410 TI - Observation of the effects of the rearing at simulated altitude in the albino rat. PMID- 7236411 TI - [Effect of the administration of sodium pentobarbital on tolerance to acute hypoxia in albino rats]. PMID- 7236412 TI - [Indices of normal induced platelet aggregation in males and females]. PMID- 7236413 TI - [Indices of induced platelet aggregation in normal pregnancy]. PMID- 7236414 TI - [Scanning electron microscope microanalysis of in-vitro cultured chick-embryo fibroblasts]. AB - This paper shows that cultured chick embryo fibroblasts derived from lung, heart and skin contain different amounts of sulphurated glycosaminoglycans (GAG). The sulphurated GAGs were detected by X-ray microanalysis at scanning electron microscopy. The results support the current hypothesis on the heterogeneity of the embryonic fibroblast populations. PMID- 7236415 TI - [Semi-automatic determination of the variations in volume of LS fibroblasts grown in the presence of saccharose]. AB - A method is described for determination of the volume of fibroblasts, grown in suspension, in normal medium, in medium supplemented with sucrose (Su) 0,04 and 0.08 M. A 4 days permanence in these last two mediums causes an obvious cytoplasmic vacuolation and an increase in cell volume (Tab.1) that reaches its maximum for cells grown in Su 0.08M (87,2%) increase in comparison with control cells). The cell volume determination was performed utilizing a Coulter ZBI Counter coupled with a P64 pulse height analyzer and X-Y recorder. The volume and number of cells for every counting channel of P64 were manually determined from recorder plot (Fig. 1). These data were then elaborated using a desk computer to obtain the mean cell volume, the coefficients of skewness and kurtosis (algorithm for grouped data). PMID- 7236416 TI - Failure of metergoline to affect the circadian periodicity of plasma cortisol levels in healthy man. AB - To investigate the role of serotoninergic system on the control of circadian periodicity of human hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, effect of a potent 5-HT antagonist, metergoline, on diurnal variation in plasma cortisol levels was studied in five male volunteers. The administration of metergoline did not result in a significant change of plasma cortisol concentrations and its circadian rhythmicity. These results suggest that metergoline does not influence the diurnal secretion of cortisol in normal subjects. PMID- 7236417 TI - [Diphasic action of apomorphine on motility of the rat. I. Dose-effect relationship in exploratory and basal motility]. AB - The effect of 8 doses of apomorphine HCl (0 - 6.25 - 13.46 - 29.01 - 62.5 - 134.65 - 290.1 - 625.0 microgram/kg, s.c. 15 min before) upon rat 30-min locomotor activity was evaluated in naive animals and in rats habituated to the actometer for 90 min. The doses of 29.01 - 62.5 - 134.65 significantly inhibited the exploratory activity of naive rats and the higher doses did not significantly influence such elevated baseline motility. On the contrary, low baseline motility of habituated rats resulted unaffected by the lower doses of apomorphine, whereas it was greatly stimulated by the doses of 290.1 and 625.0. It was concluded that suitable baselines of rat motility are required for the appearance of apomorphine stimulating effects at pre- and post-synaptic dopamine receptor levels. PMID- 7236418 TI - [Diphasic action of apomorphine on motility in the rat. II. Time aspects of the effect of a single dose]. AB - The locomotor activity of rats subcutaneously treated with apomorphine HCl (300 microgram/kg, 30 sec before emmission into actometers) was evaluated every 60 sec for 1 hour. An inhibitory phase appeared in the first 6 min of recording in comparison to the more elevated values of the control group. From 18th to 44th min a more sustained activity was easily recognizable in treated rats in comparison to the decline of control values. The results were discussed by supposing that the first amounts of drug entering CNS stimulated pre-synaptic dopamine receptors and the full dose activated post-synaptic dopamine neurons. The study of time-course of a single dose of apomorphine could be a useful model for evaluating pre- and post-synaptic effects of antidopaminergic drugs. PMID- 7236419 TI - [Effect of rifamycin SV on neutrophil functions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - The antibiotic rifamycin SV (RSV) has been successfully used by others on the local treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.). Since polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) are involved in the synovial inflammatory process we tested the 'in vitro' effect of RSV on PMNL functions, such as locomotion and phagocytosis. PMNL locomotion was evaluated by using modified Boyden Chamber and phagocytosis was tested by the number of yeast particles ingested and by NBT reduction. The, the functions of PMNL derived from 7 R.A. patients in therapy only with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were compared with those of PMNL from 14 patients with non inflammatory disease (osteoporosis and osteoarthrosis) in the same therapy and with neutrophils from healthy subjects. It was demonstrated that PMNL derived from patients with both R.A. and non inflammatory disease activated their directional locomotion towards RSV, on the contrary, cells from healthy subjects were unresponsive. Moreover, only patients with R.A. showed a defective phagocytic capacity and a depression in NBT reducing activity, when PMNL were treated with RSV. This phenomenon might be correlated with beneficial effect observed after local treatment of R.A. with RSV. PMID- 7236420 TI - [Modulation of the effect of morphine on the isolated guinea pig intestine by noradrenaline and serotonin]. AB - The interference of NA and 5-HT on Morphine inhibition on electrically-driven guinea-pig ileum was investigated. The alpha-antagonist Phentolamine (1 gamma/ml) and alpha MT-pretreatment reduced Morphine inhibition on muscle twitch. Similarly, ilea taken from pCPA-pretreated animals were less sensitive to the opioid. In contrast, both NA or 5-HT added either to normal or to amine-depleted tissue enhance Morphine inhibition. Therefore, not only in the brain but also in the guinea-pig ileum NA and 5-HT enhanced opioid effect. PMID- 7236421 TI - [Covalent chromatography of Mytilus edulis L. thioneine using thiosepharose 4B]. PMID- 7236422 TI - Lack of EEG modifications during prolonged acoustic stimulation in man: a computer analysis. PMID- 7236423 TI - [Tonic mechanisms of efferent inhibition in the frog labyrinth]. AB - Activation of the efferent system of the isolated group labyrinth inhibits the afferent EPSP and spike discharge by releasing ACh, which opens the Cl- channel of the hair cells membrane. Experiments in which increasing amounts of Cl- in the bath are replaced by equivalent amounts of Br-, NO2-, NO3-, CH3 CO2-, SO4(2-), CH3CH2CO2-, CH3(CH2)2CO2-, CH3(CH2)3CO2- benzoate, indicate that all these anions are able to penetrate the postsynaptic membrane, since full inhibition was invariably elicited. On the other hand, when citrate or isethionate are substituted for Cl- inhibition disappeared. In the presence of anions which are known to chelate calcium, its bath concentration was adequately increased. The presence of inhibition of Ringer-benzoate (benzoate ion size 6.5 A) and its disappearance in Ringer-citrate (8 A) or in Ringer-isethionate (greater than 10 A), suggests that the Cl- channel is at least 7 A in diameter, a size significantly larger than at other inhibitory synapses. Since metabolic inhibitors (DNP 0.1 mM and NaN3 1 mM) or acetazolamide (5 mM) and ammonium acetate (10 mM), which are known to block active Cl- pumping in other systems, do not affect the efferent synapse it appears difficult to interfere with the mechanisms which maintain the Cl- concentration gradient across the hair cell membrane. PMID- 7236424 TI - [Hemodynamic and metabolic aspects of unstable angina]. PMID- 7236425 TI - [The long Q-T syndrome as the cause of cardiovascular emergencies]. PMID- 7236426 TI - [Contribution of cycloergometrics to the identification of ischemic damage in pre excitation syndromes]. PMID- 7236427 TI - [A case of Romano-Ward syndrome]. PMID- 7236428 TI - [Hemodynamic evaluation of nifedipine in hypertensive subjects]. PMID- 7236429 TI - [Diagnostic approach to congenital heart diseases. Hemodynamics and angiocardiography]. PMID- 7236430 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of hypertensive cardiopathy (clinical case studies)]. PMID- 7236431 TI - [Measurement of left atrial volume. Comparison of the monoplane and biplane angiographic methods]. PMID- 7236432 TI - [Critical analysis of the mathematical methods used in predicting infarcted areas by study of enzyme kinetics]. PMID- 7236433 TI - [Correlation between diastolic pulmonary pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance in congenital heart disease with left-right shunt]. PMID- 7236434 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of a new anti-arrhythmia agent: mexiletine]. PMID- 7236435 TI - [Alpha-methyldopa and neural control of the circulation in essential hypertension]. PMID- 7236436 TI - [Reflex control of arterial pressure in the non-anesthetized cat]. PMID- 7236437 TI - [Morphological aspects of thrombosis of porcine valvular prostheses]. PMID- 7236438 TI - [Infectious endocarditis on porcine valvular prostheses: clinical and pathological aspects]. PMID- 7236439 TI - [The ergometric test in the evaluation of the effects of nifedipine, verapamil and ethyl cinepazat maleate in angina of effort]. PMID- 7236440 TI - [Acute effects of nifedipine and verapamil on arterial pressure, at rest and during and after exercise in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 7236441 TI - [The apex cardiogram in the diagnosis of angina pectoris]. PMID- 7236442 TI - [Relation of sodium and potassium excretion and catecholamine metabolism in essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7236443 TI - [Mental stress and the evaluation of arterial pressure. Comparison of methods and observations]. PMID- 7236444 TI - [Echocardiographic and anatomical correlations in infectious endocarditis (IE)]. PMID- 7236445 TI - [Oral potassium loading test (potassium extinction test) in changes in ventricular repolarization of uncertain significance]. PMID- 7236446 TI - [Bidimensional echocardiography in determining the relation of the great arteries to the interventricular septum]. PMID- 7236447 TI - [Bidimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of anomalies of the great arteries]. PMID- 7236448 TI - [Direct detection of incidental asymptomatic aneurysm by computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7236449 TI - [Auditory agnosia following bilateral temporal lobe lesions-report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7236450 TI - [A case of progressive supranuclear palsy with abnormal argyrophillic structure, extraneuronal lipofuscin and Lewy's bodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7236451 TI - [Sleep produced by calcium ions perfused within the hypothalamus of the cat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7236452 TI - [Auditory brainstem responses and cold caloric stimulation in comatose patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7236453 TI - [Giant neurofibroma of the occipital scalp associated with lambda defect-case report (author's transl)]. AB - Calvarial bone defect associated with a hugh neurofibroma in the region of the lambdoid suture was reported in a 42-year-old man with v. Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. An enlarging occipital tumor was first noted at age 4 similar to or approximately 5, and an operation was performed at age 12. Lambda defect was noted at that time, but the operative diagnosis was, apparently, "meningocele". Available literature was reviewed, and the significance of calvarial bone defect in the region of the lambdoid suture as a manifestation of v. Recklinghausen's disease was stressed. Lambda defect witn no sclerosing margin, particularly if associated with hypoplasia of the ipsilateral mastoid cells, has been known to represent the primary nature of the bone defect due to mesodermal dysplasia. In the present case, plain radiographs of the skull revealed abnormal sclerotic change around the bone defect. It is suggested that such an osteoblastic change may well indicate the secondary nature of the bone defect due to the presence of overlying neurogenic tumor. PMID- 7236454 TI - [Clinical and roentgenological measurement of normal sella turcica--statistical research of 1,000 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7236455 TI - T wave changes and postinfarction angina pectoris predictive of recurrent myocardial infarction. AB - The predictive value of angina pectoris and T wave changes was studied prospectively in 177 consecutive cases with acute myocardial infarction. A total of 21 reinfarctions developed within three months. In 11 of them (52%) at least one electrocardiogram recorded while in hospital showed a steeply ascending limb of the negative T wave, compared with 20 (13%) of those who did not reinfarct. Twenty-one patients had recurrent angina pectoris at rest during the hospital stay, and 10 of them (48%) developed a reinfarction within three months. When combining the electrocardiographic criteria and recurrent angina at rest, 14 of the 21 (67%) reinfarctions were correctly predicted, and 30 of the 156 (19%) patients not developing a reinfarction were falsely predicted. PMID- 7236456 TI - Spontaneous remission in variant angina. AB - Four cases of variant angina are reported, in which total remission of anginal pain was documented during a follow-up of seven months, four years, five years, and 15 years, respectively. During this relatively long follow-up, the clinical course of the disease was apparently benign. The possibility of spontaneously and complete recovery may be postulated. The natural history of relatively benign forms a variant angina is poorly known and understood. PMID- 7236457 TI - Diagnosis of old anterior myocardial infarction in emphysema with poor R wave progression in anterior chest leads. AB - The electrocardiograms of patients with emphysema may suggest associated old anterior myocardial infarction. Sixteen patients with the physiological characteristics of emphysema were studied, who also showed poor R wave progression in the anterior chest leads, so that RV3 was less than or equal to 4 mm. A thallium-201 cardiac scan consistent with previous anterior (septal) myocardial infarction was present in seven patients. In these patients there was no significant increase in RV3 amplitude when recorded one interspace below the conventional site. In the nine patients with a thallium-201 cardiac scan negative for old anterior myocardial infarction, RV3 amplitude increased from 2.2 +/- 0.4 mm to 6.4 +/- 1.2 mm. Patients with or without associated old anterior myocardial infarction could be better diagnosed by consideration of RV3 amplitude as recorded from one interspace lower, as compared with conventional electrode placement. All five patients with RV3 (lower interspace) less than 2 mm had associated anterior infarction, and all seven patients with RV3 (lower interspace) greater than 3 mm did not. This simple manoeuvre is recommended in patients with emphysema and an electrocardiogram suggestive of old anterior myocardial infarction. PMID- 7236458 TI - Congenital mitral stenosis. Anatomical and functional assessment by echocardiography. AB - Digitised left ventricular echocardiograms were studied in nine children with congenital mitral stenosis to assess the severity of inflow obstruction. In six children the two prime indices of mitral stenosis were abnormal, with a prolonged time from minimum dimension to 20 per cent dimension change and a reduced peak dimension change during diastole. In three, however, these values did not suggest inflow obstruction, depsite significant gradients at cardiac catheterisation. Two dimensional echocardiography was performed in 10 children with congenital mitral stenosis to determine the mitral annular size and the morphology of the valve and subvalvular apparatus. The annular size and number of papillary muscles could be assessed along with the detection of combined mitral abnormalities. Two dimensional studies can reliably delineate the type of mitral abnormality, and should be performed in all cases with congenital heart disease having a high incidence of associated left ventricular inflow obstruction. Digitised M-mode left ventricular echocardiography is in general unreliable in assessing congenital obstruction, though it may be of some value in individual cases. PMID- 7236459 TI - Detection of left ventricular thrombi by computerised tomography. A preliminary report. PMID- 7236461 TI - Aortic origin of conus coronary artery. Evidence of postnatal coronary development. AB - The conus coronary artery has been reported to arise independently from the aorta in approximately 45 per cent of hearts. In this study, 305 necropsy specimens were examined to determine the origin of the conus coronary artery and variations in patterns of origin with respect to age. Three patterns were recognised: 1, in which the conus artery arose from the aorta independently of the right coronary artery; 2, in which the conus artery and the right coronary arose from a common ostium; and 3, in which only the right coronary artery took origin from the right aortic sinus. The relative incidence of the three patterns varied with age. Pattern 1 was recognised in 14 to 24 per cent of specimens from patients under the age of 2 years, whereas in older patients, it occurred in 41 to 63 per cent. These data suggest that aortic origin of the conus arterial ostium may appear in some individuals between 2 and 4 years of age, and they support the concept that some coronary arterial patterns are not fully established at the time of birth. PMID- 7236460 TI - Mitral regurgitation and characteristic changes in impedance cardiogram. AB - We have noted that the impedance cardiographic waveform of patients with mitral regurgitation may show typical abnormalities not found in other forms of cardiac disease, either valvular or congenital. In order to investigate this we reviewed the impedance cardiograms of all our patients who had also undergone cardiac catheterisation, and selected two groups both of which were inclusive and complete: (1) 22 patients with the diagnosis of normal heart, and (2) 36 patients with the diagnosis of isolated mitral regurgitation. An index was calculated algebraically from the change of impedance (delta L) tracing by adding together the height of the C wave and the height of the nadir of the X descent and subtracting the height of the V wave, that is delta Z index (in units of ohms) = C + X - V. The mean delta Z index for the normal group was 1.64 and for the mitral regurgitation group 0.96 ohms. Similarly, an index was calculated from the first time derivative of the change of impedance (dZ/dt) tracing, that is dZ/dt index (in units of ohms/s) = C' + X' - V'. The mean dZ/dt index for the normal group was 1.32 and for the mitral regurgitation group 0.48 ohms/s. Though there was some overlap of individual points between the two groups, the mean values for both the delta Z index and the dZ/dt index separated the group with mitral regurgitation from the normal group with a high level of statistical significance. We concluded that mitral regurgitation might be associated with a characteristic abnormality of the impedance cardiographic waveform. In addition, an index can easily be calculated from the tracings which may be useful in identifying patients with mitral regurgitation. PMID- 7236463 TI - Formalin infiltration of ductus arteriosus in cyanotic congenital heart disease. AB - Formalin infiltration of the ductus arteriosus was performed in 13 neonates with pulmonary atresia (three with ventricular septal defect, two with tricuspid atresia, and eight with intact ventricular septum, one of whom had Ebstein's anomaly) in an attempt to maintain duct patency. Nine patients had an additional retrograde pulmonary valvotomy and one a Blalock-Taussig shunt. The mean preoperative systemic PO2 was 31 mmHg and rose significantly to 46 mmHg after operation. However, the PO2 rose in only two of the four patients who had formalin infiltration alone. There were five early deaths and three had clinical evidence of duct closure. Four patients needed further surgery (systemic pulmonary artery shunt) within eight days. Seven of eight surviving patients were shown to have a closed duct at repeat cardiac catheterisation (two to 13 months after operation). The eighth died before restudy. There were four late deaths, one following late reoperation and the other three within five months of early reoperation. These results suggest that formalin infiltration cannot ensure long term duct patency. As short-term patency can be maintained more reliably by prostaglandin administration, we have abandoned the operation. PMID- 7236462 TI - Factors influencing survival after balloon atrial septostomy for complete transposition of great arteries. AB - Despite balloon atrial septostomy within the first days of life, some patients with complete transposition of the great arteries die before reaching elective definitive surgery in the second six months of life. To discover why, we analysed the fate of 144 patients who had balloon atrial septostomy after 1966, using a modified logrank survival test with multivariate capability. Patients were withdrawn "alive" on reaching definitive surgery. The following largely independent factors were associated with a statistically significant excess mortality: pulmonary hypertension, the presence and size of a ventricular septal defect of persistent ductus arteriosus, relative anaemia, absence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, low arterial oxygen saturation, aortic stenosis and coarctation, and balloon atrial septostomy between 1 week and 1 month of life. Those of the above factors which can be determined at balloon atrial septostomy or at routine cardiac catheterisation at 3 months of age were then introduced into discriminant function analysis on survival to 6 months. Hence the probability of any individual patient dying in the first six months was calculated, allowing for these factors. This prediction was correct in 76 per cent of the patients studied. By offering earlier definitive correction to patients thus identified as being at high risk of premature death, it should prove possible to reduce overall mortality in transposition of the great arteries. PMID- 7236464 TI - Diagnosis of aortic stenosis in older age groups using external carotid pulse recording and phonocardiography. AB - Measurements made from carotid pulse tracings and phonocardiograms are helpful in the prediction of severe aortic stenosis in young patients. In the elderly, however, analysis of the carotid pulse tracing and, in particular, its maximum rate of rise has proved unreliable because the range of normal values for this age group has not been established. Consequently, we studied 44 young normal and 44 older normal subjects, 15 older patients with systolic hypertension, and 36 older patients with significant aortic stenosis. Measurements obtained from the carotid pulse included the left ventricular ejection time, upstroke time, half rise time, and the maximum rate of rise. The peak of the systolic murmur in aortic stenosis was measured phonocardiographically from the Q wave of the simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram (QP interval). The results confirm that the maximum rate of rise of the carotid pulse of normal older subjects is much more rapid than that of young subjects. Among elderly patients with aortic stenosis, the maximum rate of rise falls within the range of the normal young. Measurement of the half-rise time is imprecise, and there is considerable overlap with the normal. This is also true of left ventricular ejection time. The upstroke time is unreliable because of wave distortion produced by the arteriosclerotic vascular bed. The two most valuable and easily recorded measurements are the maximum rate of rise and the QP interval. A maximum rate of rise of more than 1000 mmHg/s and a QP interval of less than 220 ms argue strongly against the diagnosis of severe aortic stenosis. These measurements provide a simple, non-invasive means of avoiding left heart catheterisation in older subjects suspected of having severe aortic stenosis. PMID- 7236465 TI - Non-invasive diagnosis of mitral regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography. AB - The value of Doppler echocardiography for the non-invasive diagnosis of mitral regurgitation was studied blindly in 161 consecutive invasively investigated adult patients. Regurgitation was graded from 0 to 3 at selective left ventricular angiography. The Doppler echocardiographic examination was considered to be positive when a disturbed systolic flow was found within the left atrium behind the aorta or the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The test was considered to be negative in the absence of a regurgitant jet. The level of the signal to noise ratio was checked by the recording of the ventricular filling flow. The study was performed in 131 cases from the left side of the sternum and in 101 cases from the apex. There were no false positives and thus the specificity was 100 per cent. The 20 false negatives were all in patients with grade 1 regurgitation. Thus only some (33%) instances of mild regurgitation were misdiagnosed, and the sensitivity for moderate to severe mitral regurgitation was 100 per cent. PMID- 7236466 TI - Electrophysiological factors of left bundle-branch block. AB - Left bundle-branch block is rarely an isolated disorder of conduction, additional disorders being found in 29 of 30 patients studied by intracardiac stimulation techniques. These included disorders of sinus node function (prolonged maximum sinus node recovery time (corrected) in 23%, prolonged sinuatrial conduction time in three of eight patients), atrioventricular node function (prolonged AH interval in 33%, prolonged effective and functional refractory periods in 37% and 74%, respectively), "His bundle to right bundle branch" conduction (prolonged HV interval in 53%), and ventriculoatrial conduction (absent in 62%). It is postulated that at least half of the cases of left bundle-branch block were incomplete, even though the duration of the QRS complex exceeded 120 ms, because of (further) leftward deviation of the mean frontal QRS axis with sufficiently premature atrial extrastimuli. Block may be complete or incomplete in left bundle branch block with left axis deviation of -30 degrees or more on the standard electrocardiogram. PMID- 7236467 TI - False echocardiographic diagnosis of aortic root dissection in case of abdominal aortic dissection. AB - A patient with strong clinical and radiological indications of dissection involving the ascending aorta had this "confirmed" on an echocardiogram which showed a typical pattern of double lumen. At necropsy there was dissection of the abdominal aorta but the heavily calcified thoracic aorta was free of dissection. Echocardiography may be useful but not entirely reliable in the diagnosis of dissection even in the presence of a typical clinical picture. PMID- 7236468 TI - Anticholinergic premedication and regurgitation. PMID- 7236469 TI - The polarographic measurement of halothane. AB - The polarographic reduction of halothane on silver cathodes was studied. Silver catalyses the reduction of halothane: two electrons are exchanged in the reduction process. Experiments using a rotating disc electrode showed a linear relationship between observed current and halothane concentration. A Silastic membrane-covered polarographic electrode was constructed using a silver cathode which gave a good linear response to changes in halothane concentration over the range 0.5% v/v halothane in nitrogen. Oxygen interferes with the measurement of halothane, but can be removed from a gas sample before analysis. PMID- 7236470 TI - Althesin, ketamine and methohexitone at pressure--duration of action of a single i.v. dose. AB - General anaesthesia for emergency surgery in a pressurized habitat is likely to involve the use of i.v. agents. The anaesthetic property of such agents is known to be antagonized by pressure, but the effect on their duration of action is not easily predicted. The recovery of mice from a single i.v. dose of Althesin, ketamine or methohexitone was estimated by their ability to remain upright in a rotating drum. At 35 atm abs. duration of action was significantly reduced: P less than 0.05 for Althesin; P less than 0.01 for ketamine and methohexitone. A number of animals in each group, however, displayed recovery times that were comparable to control. The convulsion rate with methohexitone was 60% at 35 atm abs., whereas at 1 atm abs. it was 20%. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7236471 TI - Oxprenolol and the circulation during anaesthesia in the dog: influence of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. AB - Oxprenolol is a non-selective adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist displaying beta mimetic activity. To test the hypothesis that beta-mimetic activity could minimize the response of the circulation to adrenergic beta-receptor blockade, cumulative dose-response curves to oxprenolol 0.1-1.6 mg kg-1 were obtained in seven anaesthetized dogs. Anaesthesia was maintained with 0.5% halothane supplementing nitrous oxide 66% in oxygen, under moderately hypocapnic IPPV. Oxprenolol, up to 0.4 mg kg-1 i.v., caused modest increases in heart rate, LV dP/dt max and cardiac output. With the largest dose (1.6 mg kg-1), significant increases in heart rate (+19%), LV dP/dt max (+13%) and cardiac output (+27%) were observed while arterial pressure remained unchanged and systemic vascular resistance decreased (-18%). PMID- 7236472 TI - Solubility of halothane in equine tissues at 37 degrees C. AB - The solubilities of halothane at a concentration of 0.77% v/v in 5% carbon dioxide in air at 37 degrees C were determined for a variety of equine tissues. The mean values for the tissue/gas partition coefficients for visceral tissue taken from 36 horses were 5.42 for whole brain, 4.82 for grey matter, 7.41 for white matter, 4.18 for myocardium, 2.76 for lung, 8.51 for liver, 3.21 for kidneys, 2.66 for gastrointestinal tract, 1.77 for blood and 2.45 for spleen. The mean coefficients for eight different muscles taken from 23 horses ranged from 2.43 for extensor carpi radialis to 4.91 for psoas major. The values obtained were, with the exception of liver and brain, consistently lower than values in the literature for rabbit, dog, man and ox. Statistical analysis indicated that the condition of a horse was important in determining the solubility of halothane in its liver and muscles. The type of sex of a horse appeared to be important only in respect of the solubility of halothane in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7236473 TI - Tissue composition and halothane solubility in the horse. AB - The halothane muscle/gas partition coefficients at 37 degrees C for 26 samples of eight different muscles from four horses were found to depend significantly on the fat content of the muscle sample with a regression coefficient of 1.913 (SEM 0.109) per per cent ether-extractable fat content. The blood/gas partition coefficients in 24 horses showed a significant dependence on plasma triglyceride concentration (regression coefficient 0.00084 (SEM 0.00033) per mg dl-1), an insignificant positive dependence on plasma free and total cholesterol concentration and, in a multiple regression analysis, a negative dependence of borderline significance on packed cell volume (regression coefficient -0.01 (SEM 0.005) per per cent p.c.v.). PMID- 7236474 TI - Influence of pH, temperature, halothane and its metabolites on osmotic fragility of erythrocytes of malignant hyperthermia-susceptible and resistant pigs. AB - Erythrocyte fragility of malignant hyperthermia-susceptible and resistant pigs has been examined as a function of pH and temperature in the absence and presence of halothane and its metabolites. A decrease in pH from 7.40 to 6.95 increased the fragility of both susceptible and resistant pigs, but the increase in susceptible animals was significantly greater than that in resistant animals. An increase in temperature led to a reduction of erythrocyte fragility of both types of pig. The most consistent differences in haemolysis between susceptible and resistant pigs occurred at sodium chloride concentrations of 0.120 and 0.137 mol litre-1. At all pH values examined and at 39 and 41 degrees C, but not at 43 degrees C, erythrocytes from susceptible pigs showed greater haemolysis in sodium chloride 0.120 and 0.137 mol litre-1 than did erythrocytes from resistant pigs. Halothane or its metabolites, at concentrations occurring during anaesthesia, did not alter erythrocyte fragility. PMID- 7236476 TI - Inhibition of the plasma cholinesterase variants by propranolol. AB - The inhibitory effect of (+/-) propranolol 1.69 x 10(-4)-1.69 x 10(-7) mol litre 1 on normal and atypical plasma cholinesterase variants was investigated. The atypical enzyme is less sensitive to inhibition by (+/-) propranolol or either of its enantiomorphs than the usual enzyme. Propranolol 8.45 x 10(-6) mol litre-1 was used as differential inhibitor of 643 plasma samples from individuals of known genotype. Although the measurement of propranolol inhibition alone is not always unambiguous for assigning a definite genotype to a given individual, the correlation of propranolol inhibition with fluoride inhibition gives clear differentiation of the E1uE1u and E1UE1f phenotypes as well as other phenotypes. PMID- 7236475 TI - Chromosomal and teratogenic effects of oxygen in the mouse. AB - The effect of oxygen on chromosomes in bone marrow cells and on the early stages of gestation in the mouse were studied. Three groups of male mice were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen at 2, 3 and 4 atm abs. for 1 h, and four other groups breathed pure oxygen at 1 atm abs, for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h respectively. Chromosome were studied after 24 h. In the pure oxygen groups, no significant increase in chromosome aberration was noted, but in the hyperbaric oxygen groups, significant increases in abnormalities (breakage and gap) were noted at 3 and 4 atm abs. (8.0 and 6.7% respectively, P less than 0.05). In another study, four groups of pregnant mice were exposed once to hyperbaric oxygen at either 2 atm abs. for 1 h on the 7th or 8th day of gestation, or 2.5 atm abs. for 2 h on the 5th or 8th day. Six other groups were exposed to 2, 3 and 3.5 atm abs. with either oxygen or air for 1 h daily during first 8 days of gestation. Malformations (umbilical hernia and abnormalities of the coccyx) in the newborn were noted in the groups exposed to hyperbaric oxygen at 2.5 atm abs. for 2 h on the 5th and 8th days of gestation (1/26, 7/42), and all the groups exposed daily to hyperbaric oxygen (1/58, 3/33, 2/24). These findings would seem to indicate a genetic effect of increased oxygen tension in vitro. PMID- 7236477 TI - Hypotension after intercostal nerve block during thoracotomy under general anaesthesia. PMID- 7236478 TI - Comparison of halothane and enflurane anaesthesia for otolaryngological surgery in children. AB - Halothane and enflurane were compared in 131 children undergoing adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy. Anaesthesia for adenoidectomy was induced with thiopentone or Althesin and for tonsillectomy with thiopentone. The response to surgery was minimal (0-5%) during both inhalation anaesthetics. During immediate recovery, respiratory depression was more profound after enflurane than after halothane. Both the i.v. and the inhalation anaesthetics had an influence on recovery. The total recovery scores (0-10) based on activity, respiration, heart rate, consciousness and colour improved most rapidly after Althesin + enflurane and most slowly after thiopentone + halothane on the adenoidectomy groups. In the tonsillectomy groups, the recovery scores were better after enflurane than after halothane. After both inhalation anaesthetics, the frequency of shivering ranged from 0 to 17%. PMID- 7236479 TI - Risk of advanced heart block during extradural anaesthesia in patients with right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock. AB - Electrocardiographic recording by Holter monitoring demonstrated the absence of any modification, however minimal, of the intranodal conduction during surgical procedures under extradural anaesthesia in 20 patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB) and left anterior hemiblock (LAHB) but without symptoms. These data suggest that extradural anaesthesia can be used safely in patients with asymptomatic chronic RBBB and LAHB without prophylactic insertion of pacemakers. However, patients having experienced either syncope or transient Mobitz II second degree AV block are likely to have a trifascicular block and increased risk of advanced heart block during extradural anaesthesia. PMID- 7236480 TI - Ventilator problems caused by humidity in the air supplied from simple compressors. AB - Relative humidity of air produced by simple compressors used to drive ventilators was measured at different working pressures. At normal working pressures, a relative humidity of 100% was found and condensation occurred, mainly at the high pressure air/oxygen mixer valve. This resulted in blockages and loss of accuracy which could have serious consequences for patients. It was concluded that simple compressors are unsuitable and that medical air must be used. PMID- 7236481 TI - Anaesthetic drugs and maternal--infant bonding. PMID- 7236483 TI - Inhalation anaesthesia in the 1980's. A symposium. PMID- 7236482 TI - Long-term dangers of ketamine anaesthesia. PMID- 7236484 TI - Metabolism of volatile anaesthetics. Methods for study. PMID- 7236485 TI - Low flow and "closed" systems for the administration of inhalation anaesthesia. PMID- 7236487 TI - In vitro metabolism of misonidazole. AB - Misonidazole (MISO) is a nitroimidazole drug currently undergoing clinical trials as a radiosensitizer of hypoxic tumour cells. The drug is also toxic to such cells, probably because of metabolic activation of the nitro group under hypoxia. The metabolic fate of 14C-labelled MISO is examined, using hypoxic mammalian (CHO) cells in vitro. Organic-soluble and acid-soluble metabolites are formed, and radioactivity is bound to macromolecules. The organic-soluble products are separated by TLC and HPLC. Evidence is presented to show that one of the metabolites is hydroxylamino-misonidazole. The significance of metabolic nitroreduction is discussed. PMID- 7236486 TI - New approaches to the management of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of high grade pathology. First Gordon Hamilton-Fairley memorial lecture. PMID- 7236488 TI - Enhanced cell killing in lewis lung carcinoma and a human pancreatic-carcinoma xenograft by the combination of cytotoxic drugs and misonidazole. AB - The "chemosensitizing" properties of the radiosensitizer misonidazole (MISO) were examined in 2 tumour systems, murine Lewis lung carcinoma and human pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografted into immune-suppressed mice, using a soft-agar colony assay to measure tumour-cell survival. In mice bearing Lewis lung tumour, the administration of MISO simultaneously with melphalan, cyclophosphamide. CCNU, FU or vincristine gave substantial enhancement of cytotoxicity (DEFs from 1.5 to 3.5). However, no enhancement was seen with bleomycin, VP 16-213 or cis-Pt. The same level of enhancement of cyclophosphamide effect (DEF = 2.0) was seen with both cell survival and growth delay end-points effect (DEF = 2.0) was seen with both cell survival and growth delay end-points of tumour response. Enhancement was also seen in the human tumour xenograft with melphalan, cyclophosphamide and MeCCNU, using a cell survival assay, but cis-Pt was again not enhanced. PMID- 7236489 TI - Macrophage content and colony-forming potential in mouse mammary carcinomas. AB - The macrophage content of cell suspensions from naturally occurring mouse tumours has been assessed by the Fc-mediated phagocytosis assay, and the results compared with the individual tumour's capacity for spontaneous metastasis and with its pulmonary colonization potential after i.v. inoculation. It was found that these tumours differ in their properties from the transplantable fibrosarcomas studied previously by other investigators, in that the macrophage content of all the tumours was uniformly low, ranging from 2 to 9% (mean 4.2 +/- 1.8%) and there was no inverse correlation with frequency of spontaneous metastasis, which was low. When the tumours were inoculated i.v. there was also no correlation with colony forming capability, which varied greatly between tumours. Lung secondary deposits contained 1.7-6% macrophages (mean 4.4 +/- 0.6%) with a lower phagocytic activity for antibody-coated red cells than in the primary tumour. PMID- 7236490 TI - In vitro monocyte maturation in squamous carcinoma of the lung. AB - Maturation of monocytes into macrophages in vitro has been assayed by a quantitative microtitre assay in patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung. Monocyte maturation in autologous serum was significantly depressed in patients with both limited and extensive disease compared with normal controls, patients with chronic obstructive airways disease and controls matched for age, sex, smoking history, respiratory function and the presence of infection. Maturation of monocytes from patients with terminal non-malignant disease was depressed, though not to the same extent as in those with extensive malignancy. Monocytes from relatives of patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung matured normally. In 10 patients with limited disease, in vitro monocyte maturation was repeated 6-12 weeks after operation, and was found to relate to prognosis. PMID- 7236491 TI - Effects of the Landschutz ascites carcinoma and ascitic fluid on macrophage activity in C. parvum-injected mice. AB - I.p. administration of 1.4 mg Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) 24 h before inoculation of Landschutz ascites carcinoma (LAC) cells significantly impaired growth of the tumour in MF1 mice. The injection of tumour cells caused a transient inhibition of the activity of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) in both normal and C. parvum-treated hosts, as evidenced by impaired clearance of colloidal carbon from the bloodstream and reduction in hepatic phagocytosis of 51Cr-labelled sheep erythrocytes. Depression in Kupffer-cell activity was associated with a shift in particle distribution towards the spleen. The pronounced hepatosplenomegaly in response to C. parvum was significantly less in animals which also received tumour cells. Histological examination of liver and spleen revealed evidence of depressed MPS activity. Granuloma production in the liver in response to C. parvum was inhibited in tumour-bearing mice, and macrophage proliferation within the spleen was also reduced. Ascitic fluid showed similar inhibitory effects to those of tumour-cell suspensions, suggesting production by LAC of a heat-stable macrophage-inhibitory factor. PMID- 7236492 TI - A marker for hypoxic cells in tumours with potential clinical applicability. PMID- 7236493 TI - Thermotolerance in chinese hamster cells under oxic conditions after chronic culture under hypoxia. PMID- 7236494 TI - A morphological and biochemical study of the effects of L-cysteine on the renal uptake and nephrotoxicity of cadmium. AB - In JCLR and Wistar-Porton rats renal concentrations of Cd2+ were maximal (21-22 micrograms Cd2+/g wet wt tissue) at 1 and 4 h respectively after the administration of CdCl2 (10 micromol, 1-12 mg Cd2+/kg body wt) together with L cysteine (5 mmol/kg body wt). Synthesis of metallothionein in the kidney in response to the uptake of Cd2+, which occurred between 2 and 7 h after treatment in the Wistar-Porton rat, affected the distribution of Cd2+ between proteins of the renal soluble fraction, but not between the particulate components and, at both times, about 40% of the total Cd2+ was associated with the heterogeneous nuclei + cell debris fraction. Autoradiographic studies with 109CdCl2 revealed that Cd2+, accumulated by the kidney under these conditions, was not uniformly distributed throughout the renal cortex, but was concentrated unevenly in proximal tubules in the outer stripe of the outer zone of the medulla. Pathological changes, which were correlated with the concentrations of accumulated Cd2+ and were limited to the S3 segments of the proximal tubules, were apparent by light microscopy at 4 h after the administration of Cd2+ + cysteine and progressed with time. Thus by 7 h the lesion had extended to include almost the whole of the outer stripe of the outer zone of the medulla and, by 24 h the cells of the affected epithelia showed extensive necrosis and karyorrhexis. At this, as at earlier times, the cortex appeared to be undamaged. Neither these nor other morphological changes were observed in the kidneys of animals that had been dosed with either Cd2+, or L-cysteine alone. Within 60 min of the administration of Cd2+ + cysteine an increase in the number of endocytotic vesicles in the apical cytoplasm of the proximal tubular epithelium was observed by electron microscopy. Subsequent cytoplasmic vesiculation, which was conspicuous at 2 h, was extensive and widespread in both the apical and basal regions of the cytoplasm at 4 h. In some cells at this time the nuclei were irregular in shape; the mitochondria were swollen and their cristae were disorganized. As, after the administration of either Cd2+ or cadmium metallothionein, damage is known to occur in the S1 and S2 segments of proximal tubules throughout the cortex, the Cd2+ + cysteine combination does not provide an exact model which reproduces in a short time the effects of long-term, low level exposure to Cd2+. Nevertheless it is suggested that the toxic mechanisms are the same after either treatment with Cd2+ + cysteine or continual exposure to Cd2+, but are limited to different segments of the proximal tubules. Possible mechanisms of toxicity are discussed. PMID- 7236495 TI - Coumarin or warfarin treatment of mice does not increase the microbicidal or tumoricidal capacities of macrophages. AB - Benzopyrones have been shown to affect several functions of macrophages. We examined the effects of two benzopyrones, coumarin and warfarin, on the capacity of mouse macrophages to inhibit microorganisms and tumour target cells. Mice were treated with daily i.v. doses of either drug. Then the mice were challenged with lethal doses of Toxoplasma gondii or peritoneal macrophages from these mice were challenged in vitro with T. gondii or tumour target cells Survival of coumarin or warfarin-treated mice challenged with T. gondii was similar to that of control mice. Multiplication of T gondii and growth of tumour target cells were similar in preparations of macrophages from coumarin-treated, warfarin-treated, or control mice and were inhibited in preparations of activated macrophages from Corynebacterium parvum-treated mice that served as positive controls. Under our experimental conditions, benzopyrones did not activate mouse macrophages. PMID- 7236496 TI - Inflammatory reactions to staphylococcal protein A in mice. AB - To throw more light on the role of Protein A (a cell-wall component of most strains of S. aureus), in infection and inflammation, due to this organism the immediate inflammatory reaction has been studied in hairless and hairless/obese mice after s.c. injection of the protein into the footpad following various forms of immunization or pretreatment (described). Non-immunized mice showed an inflammatory reaction to Protein A, as judged by swelling, reaching a peak 2 h after injection. This might have been due to a nonspecific interaction between certain mouse Igs and Protein A. When specific antibody levels were raised by prior immunization or infection, the swelling was greatly increased. No delayed reaction was seen at 24 or 48 h, nor was a positive patch test obtained. The difference in results seen in mice and other animals may be due partly to the fact that intradermal injections are not possible in the mouse, or because in the mouse, unlike other subjects which have been used, histamine does not play a part. Mice do not show anaphylactic shock and this may be a function of the class of murine Igs interacting with Protein A. Further studies on these factors are required. PMID- 7236497 TI - Changes in lymphocyte adhesiveness during contact sensitization. AB - Lymphoid cells from the draining lymph nodes of mice 3 days after oxazolone application were found to be more adhesive to each other and to glass than cells from unsensitized nodes. Examination of the temporal sequence of changes during contact sensitization showed that during the first 4 days after oxazolone application there was an increase in both the cellularity of the draining node and in the intercellular adhesiveness of cells from the draining node, which persisted for at least 14 days. There was also an increase in the lymphoblast content; however, this was transient, peaking at Day 4 before returning almost to normal by Day 7. The intercellular adhesiveness of a lymphoblast-enriched subpopulation from the draining node was greater than the adhesiveness of a small lymphocyte subpopulation from the same node. However, the adhesiveness of both these subpopulations were greater than that of normal, unsensitized lymphoid cells. The implications of a change in cellular adhesiveness on the migratory properties in vivo of lymphocytes are discussed. PMID- 7236498 TI - Studies on the kidneys of pregnant hamsters infected with Leptospira canicola. AB - An electron microscopic study on the histopathological changes in the kidneys of pregnant hamsters resulting from infection with Leptospira canicola was undertaken. The experiment revealed damage to the glomeruli as well as the tubules. The severity of these lesions increased with the progress of the disease and examination of kidney sections showed leptospires in the tissue. It is suggested that the stress of pregnancy has some influence on the severity of the lesions seen in this disease. PMID- 7236499 TI - Lymphocytes in non-immune inflammation: a specific subclass of lymphoid cells? AB - Rats were subjected to various experimental procedures which affected lymphocyte numbers, in an attempt to investigate the participation of individual subpopulations of these cells in the development of acute, non-immune inflammation. Deficient T function, as evidenced in neonatally thymectomized animals, or in 6-week-old animals thymectomized and afterwards exposed to multiple total-body X-ray irradiations, did not interfere with the development of the acute inflammatory responses of the animals to carrageenin. In the former circumstance, the numbers of circulating B lymphocytes, identified by the presence of surface immunoglobulins, were increased. In thymectomized and irradiated rats, the B-lymphocyte subpopulation was reduced. Circumstances causing attenuated inflammatory reactions to carrageenin resulted, first, from lymphocyte depletion by chronic drainage from the thoracic duct and, second, from irradiation of the animals with a single large dose of X-ray, the animals being tested 24 h after irradiation. B lymphocytes in blood remained within the normal range after chronic lymphatic drainage, but a large dose of X-ray markedly reduced their number. In both cases the attenuation of the responses to carrageenin did not seem to be associated with nonspecific hyporeactivity, or with the effect of the treatments on the other blood cells, It is suggested that the development of acute, non-immune inflammation is influenced by lymphoid cells which might constitute a specific subclass of cells, distinct from fully differentiated T and B lymphocytes. PMID- 7236500 TI - Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice: protection by loop diuretics. AB - Gentamicin, at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg body wt administered daily to healthy male MF1 mice by i.p. injection for either 7 or 10 days caused proximal tubular cell damage shown both by the urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase (NAG) and by electron microscopy. The tubular damage was maximal at 7 days. Concomitant administration of any of 3 diuretics-frusemide, bumetanide or piretanide at 5,0.5 and 1 mg/kg body wt/day respectively-resulted in less tubular damage than that caused by gentamicin alone. This finding of protection by diuretics contrasts with those of previous studies of combination gentamicin diuretic therapy. PMID- 7236501 TI - A comparative study of renal and hepatic function in Sprague-Dawley rats following systemic injection of purified carrageenans (kappa, lambda and iota). AB - Renal and hepatic function was investigated in groups of 7 rats for 14 days after a single i.p. injection of 125 mg/kg purified kappa (kappa), lambda (lambda) or iota (iota) carrageenan. Kappa carrageenan was clearly nephrotoxic, as evidenced by a progressive, marked increase in serum creatinine and urea levels and in urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity. It also caused significant elevation in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) activity from Day 2 to Day 7, and a progressive decrease in circulating albumin concentrations. Lambda carrageenan had no significant effect on serum creatinine or urea levels and caused only a transient increase in urinary NAG which was maximal on Day 2. Serum AAT levels were also significantly raised on Day 2. Iota carrageenan injection resulted in the deaths of 2/7 animals. Significant increases in serum creatinine levels were observed on Day 4: in 2 rats these increase were very pronounced as were those in urea levels, but no significant alterations in serum urea or urinary NAG levels were observed. No significant elevation in serum AAT was found, except for minor changes on Days 7 and 14. Whereas lambda carrageenan decreased serum albumin throughout the 14-day course of the experiment, albumin levels in lambda carrageenan-injected rats, whilst depressed during the first week, returned to normal by Day 14. PMID- 7236502 TI - Recurrent urticaria: clinical investigation of 330 patients. AB - A questionnaire was used from 1972-1978 for 330 consecutive patients with recurrent urticaria of 3 months to 40 years duration. Fifty men and fifty women had only urticaria. The rest had both urticaria and angio-oedema and most of them were women between 24 and 38 years of age. Urticarial attacks were less frequent during the daytime. A personal history of rhinitis, asthma or atopic dermatitis was recorded in more than one-third. Nasal polyps, migraine and arthralgia were found in 6-7% of the patients. Severe psychiatric problems were mentioned by 16%. Abdominal problems, mainly gastritis, were described by 44%. A history of side effects from drugs was found in 32% of the patients. Food was mentioned as a factor worsening the weals by 30% and drinks by 18%. Fruits, vegetables and nuts were the most common. Despite all cases with physical urticaria having been excluded, physical factors such as exercise were considered by 20% to make the urticaria worse. Provocation tests with various food additives such as azo dyes, benzoates, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) sorbic acid, quinoline yellow, carotene, canthaxanthine, annatto and nitrite revealed one or more positive reactions in one-third of the patients, one-third showed negative provocation tests and, in the rest, one or several tests were questionable. Routine history of other diseases. The fibrin microclot generation test which test which indicates the presence of circulating endotoxins was positive in 24%. PMID- 7236503 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen deposition in the blood vessel walls of urticarial lesions in acute hepatitis B. AB - Urticaria is known to occur in the pre-icteric phase of acute viral hepatitis. Often such urticaria is a symptom of a serum sickness-like syndrome which can be a prodrome of viral hepatis. Immune complexes are thought to be pathogenetic in this condition. In this paper we present two patients with a serum sickness-like syndrome, urticaria and hepatitis B. By immunofluorescence techniques Hepatitis B surface antigen, CIq and C3 could be demonstrated in the blood vessels of the superficial dermis. These findings are consistent with the immune complex hypothesis. PMID- 7236504 TI - Photosensitization of Trichophyton with 8-methoxypsoralen to UV-A light radiation. AB - The photosensitization effect of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and subsequent long wavelength ultraviolet(UV-A) irradiation on Trichophyton mentagrophytes was examined by in vitro, semi-in vivo, and in vivo experiments. A marked fungicidal effect of 8-MOP plus UV-A (PUVA) on suspensions of fungal spores was observed in vitro as measured by loss in colony-forming ability of T. mentagrophytes. 8-MOP application or UV-A irradiation alone did not show such an ability. The antifungal effect of PUVA was also observed on the infected scales obtained from experimental and clinical dermatophytosis. The in vivo activity of PUVA treatments was also demonstrated on the lesions of experimentally induced dermatophytosis in guinea-pigs. These observations suggest possible clinical applications of photochemotherapy on superficial fungal infections. PMID- 7236505 TI - Epidemiology of congenital pigmented naevi: II. Risk factors. AB - Genetic and environmental risks factors were investigated in a sample of 989 non malformed newborn infants with skin pigmented naevi (PN), and in 989 non malformed non-PN, control babies. The samples were obtained from a population of 531,831 livebirths, from fifty-nine South-American maternity hospitals. No significant differences were observed between the PN and control groups for the following risk factors: sex, twinning, parental consanguinity, socioeconomic level, parental ages, birth order, fetal presentation, type of delivery, postnatal mortality, and first trimester of pregnancy histories for maternal chronic illnesses or immunizations, radiation exposure, drug intake, and vaginal bleeding. PN infants were associated with high frequencies of Black racial ancestry, positive prenatal history for maternal acute illnesses, and high mean values for length of gestation and birth weight. The observed association of PN with maternal acute illnesses could be a spurious one, due to partial dependence upon Black racial ancestry, and to maternal memory bias. The analysis of the intrauterine growth curves showed that PN infants have a low prematurity rate, and a high mean by the control newborn group. This observation suggest that congenital PN appear in the latest stages of intrauterine development. No evidence was obtained to allow us to consider congenital PN as true developmental anomalies. PMID- 7236506 TI - Incorporation of D-(3H)glucosamine into normal and psoriatic epidermal glycoconjugates. AB - Samples of normal, uninvolved and involved psoriatic skin were maintained for 18 h in organ culture in the presence of D-(6-3H) glucosamine which is a precursor of cell-surface associated carbohydrates in the epidermis. The total incorporation into involved psoriatic epidermis (solubilized with 8 mol/l urea, 5% sodium dodecyl sulphate, 10 mmol 2-mercaptoethanol) was less than into normal or uninvolved epidermis. This decrease was found whether specific radioactivities were expressed in terms or area, wet weight or protein content of the epidermis. Electrophoresis revealed that the major labelled component in normal and uninvolved epidermis had a high molecular weight. The labelling of this material was significantly reduced in involved psoriatic epidermis. Using pig epidermis we have shown previously that this material represents mainly extracellular glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. The decrease labelling (and presumable synthesis) of these extracellular carbohydrates may be related to the failure of mechanisms controlling cell proliferation and to the altered cell interactions which are found in psoriatic epidermis. Electrophoresis also showed that a non glycosylated protein, molecular weight approximately 50,000, which was present as a singly band in both normal and uninvolved epidermis was always present as a doublet band in the involved psoriatic epidermis. PMID- 7236507 TI - Serum levels of trimethylpsoralen after oral administration. AB - Serum concentrations of trimethylpsoralen were determined for up to 5 h after oral administration in four patients with vitiligo. Measureable amounts of trimethylpsoralen were found in the serum only after administration of high oral doses (100 to 400 mg TMP). PMID- 7236508 TI - Serum and saliva levels of 8-methoxypsoralen after rectal administration as a micro-enema. AB - Serum and saliva concentrations of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) were determined in seven healthy human volunteers after rectal administration of a micro-enema. High peak serum levels were reached very soon(0.7 + or - 0.3 h) after administration of 8-MOP. Nausea was not experienced. There was a reasonable good linear correlation between 8-MOP concentrations in saliva and serum (r = 0.937). The saliva/serum ratio for 8-MOP concentration was 0.08 +/- 0.02. PMID- 7236509 TI - Erythema multiforme during treatment with mianserin-A case report. PMID- 7236510 TI - Discoid lupus erythematosus-like lesions and stomatitis in female carriers of X linked chronic granulomatous disease. AB - The skin and oral mucosa were studied in an unselected series of carriers of x linked chronic granulomatous disease, a hereditary condition in which phagocytic cells display a pronounced functional defect. Three carriers had discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)-like skin lesions which histopathologically were consistent with DLE of the hypertrophic and profundus type. Four patients had experienced photosensitivity in childhood. Seven patients had recurrent aphthous-like stomatitis which should be distinguished from the recurrent aphthous stomatitis seen in otherwise healthy individuals. The remarkably high incidence of DLE-like symptoms in heterozygous carriers might be related to the presence of mixed populations of defective and normal phagocytes. The variable expression of skin symptoms may be related to uneven distribution of abnormal and normal phagocytes. Female patients with these clinical symptoms, especially the combination of DLE like skin lesions and aphthous-like stomatitis, should be suspected of being carriers of chronic granulomatous disease and studies of phagocyte function in vitro should be performed, since the diagnosis of the carrier state is of utmost importance for genetic counselling before pregnancy. PMID- 7236511 TI - Human dermal microvasculature: II. Enzyme histochemical and cytochemical study. AB - An enzyme histochemical and cytochemical study of normal dermal microvasculature showed that respiratory enzymes, lipase and non-specific esterase occurred in all vascular segments. Lysosomal enzymes were also widely distributed and acid phosphatase activity was localized in lysosomes, Golgi apparatus and small portions of endoplasmic reticulum of both endothelial cells and pericytes. Alkaline phosphatase activity, however, was confined to the arterial side and tip of the capillary loop where it occurred in vesicles along the luminal surface of the endothelium and in junctions between endothelial cells. The localization of nucleoside phosphatase activity within the endothelium varied according to substrate; with adenosine triphosphate as substrate, the reaction product occurred in vesicles distributed throughout the endothelial cells; with adenosine diphosphate it was limited to vesicles along the luminal surface; and with adenosine monophosphate, activity was mostly localized to the lateral surfaces of endothelial cells. These findings suggest functional variation between different vascular segments and between various components of the endothelium. Attempts to demonstrate a specific Na+K+ adenosine triphosphatase (transport ATPase) within the endothelium were not successful. PMID- 7236513 TI - Absorption of ultraviolet radiation by skin surface lipid. AB - The UVR absorption spectrum for skin surface lipid was measured by spectrometry. Significant absorption occurred throughout the UVR range, with a maximum at 215 nm. We estimate that the lipid normally present on forehead skin is likely to reduce transmission at 300 nm by about 10%. PMID- 7236512 TI - An action spectrum for 8-MOP induced sunburn cells in mammalian epidermis. AB - The histological change known as individual cell shrinkage necrosis (so-called "sunburn cell' in mammalian epidermis) would seem to be suitable for quantitative morphological studies on the effect of psoralen treatment and near UV irradiation. The number of sunburn cells per unit length of epidermis versus varying doses of narrow waveband UVR, 305-375 nm, has been studied and an action spectrum constructed which has maximal activity at 320-335 nm. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7236514 TI - The association between lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and HLA-B40. PMID- 7236515 TI - An investigation into the incidence of auto-immune disorders in patients with lichen sclerosus and atrophicus. AB - Patients with lichen sclerosus and atrophicus have an increased incidence of organ specific antibodies, and these patients and their relatives have a significantly higher incidence of associated autoimmune diseases than a control population. The incidence of other auto-immune diseases in patients with lichen sclerosus is highest when the onset is between the ages of 41 and 60 years, but is not related to the duration or site of the lesions. These findings suggest an immunological basis for the disease and indicate that the patients should be investigated and followed up to detect the existence of other auto-immune disorders. PMID- 7236516 TI - Idiopathic pyoderma gangrenosum and impaired lymphocyte function: failure of azathioprine and corticosteroid therapy. AB - A 58-year-old man with chronic "idiopathic' pyoderma gangrenosum, recurrent secondary staphylococcal infection, nail candidiasis, markedly impaired lymphocyte function and a serum blocking factor is described. Despite an initially favourable response to immunosuppressive therapy, the patient later relapsed whilst on high dose systemic corticosteroids and azathioprine. Immune function remains abnormal 3 years cessation of azathioprine. Attempted immunostimulation with Corynebacterium parvum proved unsuccessful. A striking but transient increase in lymphocyte function followed parenteral iron therapy for an unexplained iron-deficiency anaemia. Gradual reduction in prednisone dosage to 5 mg daily has coincided with a period of clinical resolution and modest improvement in lymphocyte reactivity. Prolonged immunosuppressive therapy may be inadvisable in chronic idiopathic pyoderma gangrenosum associated with defective cellular immunity. PMID- 7236517 TI - Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) in a patient with chronic renal failure on haemodialysis. AB - Porphyria cutanea tarda, diagnosed by reduced levels of red cell uroporphyrin decarboxylase and raised plasma porphyrins, developed in a patient with chronic renal failure due to polycystic kidneys, treated with haemodialysis, who had normal total faecal porphyrins. Haemodialysis did not alter plasma porphyrin levels and we deduced that most of the plasma porphyrins were circulating in high molecular weight protein complexes. PMID- 7236518 TI - Porphyria cutanea tarda in a haemodialysed patient. AB - A bullous dermatosis, that arose about 2 years after the beginning of haemodialysis treatment, was due to a geniune hereditary porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). The plasma porphyrins were extraordinarily high. Neither the residual renal function nor the haemodialysis--using different techniques and different materials--succeeded in reducing the plasma porphyrin levels to that usually found in PCT. The serious and rapid evolution of the cutaneous lesions towards a scleroderma-like state might have been due to this level of plasma porphyrins and to their passage into the tissues. The clearance of porphyrins is compared with that of 162 subjects affected by PCT. The porphyrin content in the plasma of seventy-five non-porphyric subjects undergoing maintenance dialysis was also studied. PMID- 7236519 TI - Cutaneous ultrastructural diagnosis of ceroid-lipofuscinosis. AB - A skin biopsy from a 6-year-old girl was examined by electron microscopy and the diagnosis of ceroid-lipofuscinosis (CL) was confirmed. This has not been reported in the dermatology literature, because of the absence of specific skin manifestations. However, as we have shown, various cells of skin, including fibroblasts, Schwann cells, eccrine serous cells, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, accumulated characteristic substances to produce the finger print pattern (FPP) or the curvilinear profile (CLP) which are thought to be diagnostic for CL. Cutaneous ultrastructural research in such cases is important as asymptomatic skin disorders may exist in other congenital storage diseases. PMID- 7236520 TI - Cerebriform tongue-a clinical sign in pemphigus vegetans. PMID- 7236521 TI - Cerebellar ataxia and sensory neuropathy associated with dermatitis herpetiformis. PMID- 7236522 TI - Unsuccessful treatment of alopecia areata with dapsone. PMID- 7236524 TI - A cautionary note on UV fluorescent lamps. PMID- 7236523 TI - Juvenile plantar dermatosis in an adult. PMID- 7236526 TI - Moving boundary electrophoresis and sialic acid content of normal and polycythaemic red blood cells. AB - Moving boundary electrophoresis has been used for the assessment of the negative charge on erythrocyte membranes. The equipment is easy to construct and simpler to use than the microelectrophoresis technique. There is a direct relationship between the electrophoretic velocity measured by the moving boundary method and the sialic acid content of the red cell membrane. Polycythaemic erythrocytes have a higher electrophoretic mobility and higher sialic acid content than normals. Separation of the erythrocytes according to their densities shows that old polycythaemic erythrocytes have a higher electrophoretic mobility and sialic acid content than young normal ones. This suggests that the difference is not associated with a younger erythrocyte population in polycythaemia vera, but may represent a membrane change in the abnormal erythroid clone present in this disease. PMID- 7236525 TI - Erythropoiesis in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: recognition of different classes of patients by erythrokinetics. AB - A quantitative assessment of erythropoiesis was performed by means of a mathematical model of iron kinetics in 26 patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM). A direct relationship between total erythropoiesis and red cell volume was revealed. This 'inverse' characteristic of erythropoietic control was the best marker of the proliferative nature of the disease. Three classes of patients were singled out by means of a cluster analysis of the erythrokinetic parameters. In class I (11 patients) the red cell volume was above the predicted normal in all but two patients. Erythropoiesis was sustained at 5- 10 times the normal levels with a high degree of ineffective erythropoiesis. A fairly constant absence of erythroid activity over the sacral marrow was demonstrated. In class II most of the 12 patients had a decreased red cell volume. Erythropoiesis was sustained at 2--4 times the normal level with a high degree of peripheral haemolysis. Erythroid activity was recognized over the sacral area in all but two patients. The three patients of class III showed a pattern of erythroid failure and had the worst prognosis. It is suggested that these classes represent separate disease forms of MMM. PMID- 7236527 TI - Ichthyosis and marrow involvement in malignant histiocytosis of the intestine. AB - It has recently been suggested that a number of small bowel lymphomas arise from histiocytic cells in the intestine. This has been referred to as malignant histiocytosis of the intestine (MHI) (Isaacson et al, 1979). Three such patients with small bowel malabsorption had the following features: subtotal villous atrophy of the jejunum, generalized ichthyosis, fever and lymphopenia are described. In all three, the bone marrow appearances were similar to those seen in histiocytic medullary reticulosis (HMR) (Scott & Robb-Smith, 1939). A tumour was present in the small bowel and/or mesentery of all patients and the histological lesion was similar to that described as MHI. Two patients had a response to combination chemotherapy. One patient had a complete remission of his disease but this relapsed after 1 year and proved refractory to chemotherapy. A second patient died following chemotherapy with gastro-intestinal perforation and septicaemia and the third patient died shortly after diagnosis and before chemotherapy could be commenced. It is suggested that the combination of signs, symptoms and pathological features described may reflect a specific clinical entity which has not previously been described. PMID- 7236528 TI - Antibodies against platelet membrane glycoproteins. I. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis studies with antibodies that inhibit ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. AB - Platelet membrane glycoproteins have been isolated by lectin-affinity chromatography and antibodies prepared against them. Platelets that have lost glycocalicin no longer respond to ristocetin-human VIIIR:WF, bovine VIIIR:WF, or to glycocalicin or glycoproteins Ia and Ib antibodies but are still agglutinated by glycoproteins IIb and IIIa antibodies. Glycoproteins Ia and Ib and glycocalicin antibodies, IgG and Fab' fragments, inhibited ristocetin-human VIIIR:WF-induced aggregation of fixed, washed platelets and of platelets in plasma while glycoproteins IIb and IIIa antibodies were without effect. Cross immunoelectrophoretic studies showed that glycocalicin was present on whole platelets in only trace amounts. Glycocalicin antibodies, however, recognized a slower migrating component. Platelets incubated in an EDTA-free medium no longer respond to ristocetin-human VIIIR:WF. Membranes isolated from such platelets contained glycocalicin which cross-reacted with a remnant of the slower migrating component. Glycoproteins Ia and Ib antibodies gave more complex patterns but it was possible to identify the slower moving component recognized by the glycocalicin antibodies. These results show that glycocalicin is not normally found as such on whole platelets but is present as a precursor which is most likely glycoprotein Ib. On degradation of this precursor, glycocalicin is released from the membrane and VIIIR:WF-receptor activity is lost. PMID- 7236529 TI - Thrombin-induced proteolysis of human antithrombin III: an outstanding contribution of heparin. AB - Products obtained in reaction of excess antithrombin III (AT III) with human alpha-thrombin and heparin were found to contain markedly less of residual AT III than products of similar reactions without heparin. The increased utilization of AT III was primarily due to limited proteolysis of a portion of unbound inhibitor, associated with the release of a 50 000-dalton protein fragment. Thrombin-induced release of this fragment was promoted by polydispersed heparin preparation and, to a variable degree, by all heparin fractions obtained in gel filtration. The optimum amount of heparin required to facilitate AT III proteolysis was of 5 microgram/ml (0.8 u/ml). Excessive reduction of the residual inhibitory activity and changes in two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis suggested that AT III in plasma is also subjected to nonproductive proteolysis and formation of a modified AT III derivative following addition of thrombin and heparin. These data indicate that the effect of heparin on AT III is more complex than generally recognized. On the one hand, heparin interacting with AT III and thrombin contributes to a rapid binding and neutralization of the enzyme; on the other, heparin facilitates proteolytic degradation of unbound inhibitor even in the presence of small quantities of thrombin accounting for excessive reduction of the overall inhibitory potential of AT III. PMID- 7236530 TI - Genetic heterogeneity of factor XIII deficiency: first description of unstable A subunits. AB - In previously reported cases, congenital deficiency of coagulation factor XIII has been found to result from the absence of the enzymatically active A subunits. In the family reported here two members were found to be heterozygous for an unstable A subunit which, in the homozygous state, or in the heterozygous state with the previously described null allele, would be expected to result in factor XIII deficiency. The implications that this new variant has on heterozygote screening are discussed. PMID- 7236531 TI - Platelet associated immunoglobulins on chronic liver disease. PMID- 7236532 TI - Clinical results with frozen platelets cryopreserved with glycerol. PMID- 7236534 TI - A study of the health of Malaysian plantation workers with particular reference to paraquat spraymen. AB - Tests of pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1, FEV 1%, and single breath CO diffusion), renal function (serum creatinine and BUN), liver function (serum ALT, AST, and ALKP) and a full haematological screen were performed on 27 paraquat spraymen (mean spraying time 5.3 years; mean individual annual quantity of paraquat handled, 67.2 kg as paraquat ion) and on two control groups. One of the control groups consisted of 24 general plantation workers with minimal exposure to paraquat arising from occasional work in recently sprayed areas, and the second consisted of 23 latex factory workers with no known occupational exposure to paraquat. The results showed no significant differences as a consequence of occupational exposure to paraquat. Long-term paraquat spraying at the concentrations used produced to quantifiable harmful effects on health as measured by the indices selected for this study. PMID- 7236533 TI - Quinonoid constituents as contact sensitisers in Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon RBR). AB - Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon RBR) is a valuable commercial timber that since 1925 has been incriminated as being injurious to health. In addition to toxic effects numerous cases of allergic contact dermatitis and bronchial asthma have been observed in woodworkers. Several constituents have been identified in recent years, but none of them could be considered as aetiological factors. Sensitizing experiments performed with blackwood heartwood extracts corroborated the described sensitising properties. Chemical studies showed the occurrence of two or possibly three quinones that produced positive skin responses in the sensitised guinea pigs. The main contact allergens were isolated and identified by x-ray analysis. The first, a yellow quinone, was identified as 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone while the second, a red quinone, has the structure of 6-methoxy-2-methyl-3,5-dihydrobenzofurano-4,7-dion and was named acamelin. Whereas 2, 6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone is already known from natural sources, acamelin is new and belongs to the rate group of naturally occurring furanoquinones. Though the obtained sensitising capacity of A melanoxylon RBR in respect of its quinones is not high, it should be considered as a possible source of allergic contact dermatitis, especially as greater amounts of Australian blackwood may enter European countries in the near future. PMID- 7236535 TI - Health of workmen in the chromate-producing industry in Britain. AB - In a follow-up study of 2715 men who had worked for at least one year at the three chromate-producing factories in Britain between 1948 and 1977 only 298 were lost to follow-up, and the average number of person-years in the study was 16.3. One hundred and sixteen deaths from lung cancer occurred in these men, with only 48.0 expected (O/E = 2.4; p less than 0.001). For men employed at the factory, which is still in operation, the relative risk of lung cancer has decreased from over 3.0 before plant modification to about 1.8 in those who have worked only since plant modification. A multivariate analysis was used in an attempt to unravel the overlapping influence of duration of employment, length of follow-up, plant modification, factory, age at entry to work, and estimated degree of chromate exposure. The major dependent factor appeared to be duration of employment; in addition the analysis suggested that modifications in the plant and work environment had been associated with an appreciable reduction of the excess risk from lung cancer. PMID- 7236536 TI - Relation between progressive massive fibrosis, emphysema, and pulmonary dysfunction in coalworkers' pneumoconiosis. AB - The correlations between progressive massive fibrosis (PMF), emphysema, and impairment of ventilation were studied in 108 dead coalminers, all of whom had suffered with complicated coalworkers' pneumoconiosis (radiological category B or C) during life. The findings indicated that both factors were contributing to impairment of ventilation in proportion to their size or extent, but these contributions were in the main independent of one another. A joint opinion on the types of emphysema found to be present in a random 50 out of the 108 cases was given by two pulmonary pathologists. They found that most of the emphysema was of the centrilobular variety, which appeared to be unrelated to the PMF. The distribution of the PMF throughout the lungs both radiologically and anatomically is shown. PMID- 7236537 TI - Mortality of workers certified by pneumoconiosis medical panels as having asbestosis. AB - A mortality study has been carried out at the London, Cardiff, or Swansea Pneumoconiosis Medical Panels between 1952 and 1976 on people certified as suffering from asbestosis. The main analysis was of 665 men, 283 of whom had died. Of the deaths, 39% were from lung cancer, 9% mesothelioma, and 20% asbestosis. The observed mortality was compared with expectation based on the death rates for England and Wales. For all causes the observed number of deaths was 2.6 times expectation and for lung cancer 9.1 times expectation. After 10 years from first certification half of the men had died compared with an expectation of one in four. The excess death rates were apparent in the first year after certification and were still operating after 10 years on those who survived until then. The main factor influencing the mortality was the clinical state of the men at the time of certification, as indicated by the percentage disability awarded; the excess lung cancer rate and the mesothelioma and asbestosis rates all increased with percentage disability. Those awarded only 10% or 20% benefit were still at risk from all the three asbestos-related causes. For a man certified at age 55 it was estimated that his life expectation would be reduced by 3, 5, 8, or 12 years according to whether his rate of disablement benefit was 10%, 20%, 30% or 40% , or 50% or more respectively. PMID- 7236538 TI - Prevalence of byssinosis in Swedish cotton mills. AB - The prevalence of byssinosis and of chronic bronchitis was studied in a questionnaire investigation among workers in bale opening areas, carding rooms, and spinning rooms in five Swedish cotton mills. Airborne dust and Gram-negative bacteria was measured. Nineteen per cent of the interviewed workers reported symptoms of light byssinosis (grade 1/2). The prevalence of symptoms was not related to the duration of employment, and cases of byssinosis were found among people who had worked in cotton mills for only a few years. A significantly higher proportion of male than female workers reported symptoms. No difference in the extent of byssinosis was found between smokers and non-smokers, but the prevalence was significantly higher among those workers who had ceased smoking. The prevalence of byssinosis was related to the number of airborne viable Gram negative bacteria as well as to the dust level in the different mills. PMID- 7236539 TI - An investigation of operating theatre staff exposed to humidifier fever antigens. AB - Sixty staff working in a hospital operating theatre, where a case of humidifier fever had been identified, were studied together with 49 subjects working in other parts of the hospital. They each had a blood test for serology, a skin test, and a chest radiograph and completed a questionnaire. The theatre staff also had pulmonary function tests. The theatre humidifier was found to contain several organisms including amoebae and antigens cross-reacting highly with those implicated in previous outbreaks of humidifier fever. Of the 60 exposed subjects, 25 had developed antibodies, nine had probable symptoms of humidifier fever, and six possible symptoms. There was a strong association between symptoms and antibodies (p = 6 x 10(-5) by Fisher's exact test). The development of antibodies was also related to duration of exposure in the theatre (p less than 0.01 by X2 test for trend) and inversely to smoking (p = 0.0073 by Fisher's exact test) but not to history of atopy. Because of the presence of antigens and because certain biocides added were ineffective in controlling antigenic build-up the humidifier was switched off. Eight months later specific IgG levels in the theatre staff sera, estimated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique, had fallen on average by 25%. Inhalation challenge with humidifier water was performed in eight subjects. Four subjects reacted to the challenge, including both those with antibodies and previous symptoms. PMID- 7236540 TI - Ventilatory function changes over a workshift. AB - Thirty-four production workers at three chemical plants were tested for acute changes in lung function over the course of their three-day, twelve-hour workshift. Mean percentages of the predicted lung function indices (FVC, FEV, and FEF 25-75) showed a workshift decrement, particularly evident in the evening shift. A workweek effect was shown in that no recovery in mean %FEV1 and %FEF-25 75 was shown by the last working day. Diurnal variation in respiratory function was regarded as being only partly responsible for the observed workshift effect. PMID- 7236541 TI - Hanford radiation study III: a cohort study of the cancer risks from radiation to workers at Hanford (1944-77 deaths) by the method of regression models in life tables. AB - This paper reports on results from the study initiated by Mancuso into the health risks from low-level radiation in workers engaged in plutonium manufacture at Hanford Works, Washington State, USA, and attempts to answer criticisms of previous reports by an in-depth study. Previous reports have aroused much controversy because the reported risk per unit radiation dose for cancers of radiosensitive tissues was much greater than the risk generally accepted on the basis of other studies and widely used in setting safety levels for exposure to low-level radiation. The method of regression models in life-tables isolates the effect of radiation after statistically controlling for a wide range of possible interfering factors. Like the risk of lung cancer for uranium miners the dose response relation showed a significant downward curve at about 10 rem. There may, therefore, be better agreement with other studies, conduct at higher doses, than is widely assumed. The findings on cancer latency (of about 25 years) and the effect of exposure age (increasing age increases the risk) are in general agreement with other studies. An unexplained finding is a significantly higher dose for all workers who developed cancers in tissues that are supposed to have low sensitivity to cancer induction by radiation. PMID- 7236542 TI - Lymphocyte reactivity of workers exposed to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals. AB - Immunological studies have shown an increased lymphocyte reactivity in patients with early stage bladder cancer and individuals with pre-stage T1 exposed to bladder carcinogens (2-naphthylamine and industrial 1-naphthylamine containing 4 8% 2-naphthylamine) before 1952-that is, those at high risk of developing bladder cancer. Because of the close chemical similarity of Tobias acid (2-naphthylamine 1 sulphonic acid) to 2-naphthylamine, the lymphocytotoxicity of workers exposed to this chemical was investigated. The results show that the workers using Tobias acid unlike those exposed to 2-naphthylamine have lymphocytes with a normal range of reactivity towards bladder cancer cells, which is in keeping with the suggestion that Tobias acid is non-carcinogenic. The probable reason for its non carcinogenicity is that the relatively very large size and hydropholic properties of the sulphonic acid group prevents enzymic action on the amino group by steric hindrance. The present lymphocytotoxicity results strengthens our earlier conclusion that the observed increased lymphocyte reactivity in workers exposed to bladder carcinogens is specific. PMID- 7236543 TI - Arsenic and selenium in lung, liver, and kidney tissue from dead smelter workers. AB - Concentrations of arsenic and selenium in lung, liver, and kidney tissue from dead smelter workers and from a control group have been determined with the aid of neutron activation analysis. A sevenfold increase of arsenic was found in lung tissue from the exposed workers compared with the control group. The median value of arsenic in lung tissue from workers dead from respiratory cancer was not higher than corresponding values from workers dead from other malignancies or from cardiovascular or other diseases. With increasing period of retirement the malignancies or from cardiovascular or other diseases. With increasing period of retirement the arsenic content diminished in liver tissue but not in lung tissue, indicating a long biological half life of arsenic in lung tissue. The workers dead from malignancies had a higher As/Se quotient than workers dead from other diseases, which does not contradict the protective theory of selenium. Accumulation of antimony, cadmium, lead and lanthanum was observed in lung tissue from the exposed workers. Six of the workers died from lung cancer and the highest concentrations of any of the elements were always observed in the lung tissue from these six cases. This observation speaks in favour of a multifactorial cause behind the excess mortality from lung cancer in smelter workers. PMID- 7236544 TI - Renal cadmium overload without nephrotoxicity. AB - A redundant nickel/cadmium battery worker was investigated for non-specific fatigue after completing five years in the industry. Sensitive techniques for in vivo organ cadmium measurement showed a moderate accumulation in the liver but a very large concentration in the kidneys. Despite this, overall glomerular and tubular function were not impaired. It was concluded that the mechanism of proteinuria observed in some cadmium workers is obscure and not clearly related to the degree of kidney saturation with cadmium. PMID- 7236545 TI - Search for benzidine and its metabolites in urine of workers weighing benzidine derived dyes. AB - Urinary benzidine and conjugates have been used to assess the extent of occupational exposure to benzidine-based azo dyes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of benzidine and its conjugates in the urine of workers exposed to benzidine-derived dyes. Urine samples were collected from 29 workers in three textile dyehouses, two tanneries, and two dyestuff quality control laboratories in West Yorkshire and Lancashire. In 200 samples, obtained over a period of 15 months and analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, no free benzidine or monoacetylbenzidine was detected. Nevertheless, after strong acid hydrolysis of urine samples taken on two separate occasions from textile dye weighers where the standard of hygiene appeared below average, trace amounts of benzidine were detected suggesting the excretion of a benzidine derived dye or a metabolite thereof. PMID- 7236546 TI - Experimental exposure to toluene: further consideration of cresol formation in man. AB - In two separate experiments 10 healthy men each were exposed at rest in an exposure chamber to about 200 ppm toluene in the air. Hippuric acid, o-, m-, p cresol, and phenol in urine were detected by capillary gas chromatography at the beginning and at the end of exposure, and at variable times after the cessation of exposure. In addition toluene in blood was determined at the same intervals. The results indicate that in addition to hippuric acid, o-, m-, p-cresol are metabolites of toluene; the detoxication lasting 24 hours at least. PMID- 7236547 TI - Assessment of risk by biological monitoring. AB - Variability between workers is reflected in differences in uptake, metabolism, and excretion of toxic substances, and thus individual response to toxic hazards. It is argued that biological monitoring takes account of these differences enabling individual risk assessments to be made. Risk, however, must be seen in terms of clinical and pathological changes-that is, estimated from morbidity and mortality rates-and so laboratory measurements need to be linked to epidemiological studies before they can be used to indicate acceptable or unacceptable uptake of toxic materials. PMID- 7236548 TI - Hanford radiation study. PMID- 7236549 TI - Non-postural serial changes in renal function during the third trimester of normal human pregnancy. AB - Seventeen healthy women were investigated near the beginning and again near the end of the third trimester of their normal pregnancies. Infusion studies were performed in the left lateral position. There was a highly significant decrease in effective renal plasma flow but not in glomerular filtration rate, measured as inulin clearance. Plasma creatinine concentration increased significantly, but the renal handling of creatinine was unchanged; simultaneous 24-hour creatinine clearance showed a tendency to decrease. Serum urate concentration also increased significantly, apparently due to an increase in net tubular reabsorption of urate. PMID- 7236551 TI - The effect of intravenous therapy during labour on maternal and cord serum sodium levels. AB - A total of 113 women in labour were studied prospectively to determine the relation between maternal and cord serum sodium levels and the effect of intravenous infusions of glucose solutions and oxytocin during labour on the mother and infant. Maternal and cord sodium levels were correlated, with no systematic difference between the two, which is consistent with passive diffusion of sodium across the placenta. Glucose infusions and oxytocin caused statistically significant depression of maternal and cord serum sodium levels, but with the quantities used this did not adversely affect the mothers or infants. It is recommended that caution should be exercised in prescribing intravenous therapy during labour and, if more than 500 ml of fluid is required, sodium should be included. PMID- 7236552 TI - Placental protein 5 (PP5) in complicated pregnancies. AB - Maternal serum PP5 concentrations were assayed in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation, pre-eclampsia, diabetes mellitus, placental abruption and twins. Elevated PP5 levels were noted in twin pregnancies and to a lesser extent in diabetes and pre-eclampsia. Measurement of PP5 was of no value in the detection of fetal growth retardation. The great majority of PP5 levels above the normal range were associated with a placental abnormality. PMID- 7236550 TI - Plasma osmolality and urinary concentration and dilution during and after pregnancy: evidence that lateral recumbency inhibits maximal urinary concentrating ability. AB - In nine women studied serially before conception and through the first trimester, plasma osmolality (Posm) started to decline with the first missed menstrual period, was significantly decreased by the fifth week of pregnancy and was 10 mosmol/kg lower than preconception values by the tenth week, changing little thereafter. Changes in plasma sodium (and its attendant anion) accounted for the majority of the decrement. In separate studies, urinary concentration and dilution, assessed by water deprivation and loading, studied in nine women during their last trimester and again 10-12 weeks post partum. Basal Posm was 9 mosmol/kg lower in the last trimester than post partum (p less than 0.001) but the results of concentration and dilution tests were similar during and after pregnancy. Basal urinary arginine vasopressin (AVP) excretion was similar during and after pregnancy and water loading suppressed AVP excretion in both pregnant and postpartum women. An unanticipated observation was that lateral recumbency interfered with urinary concentration tests in both pregnant and postpartum women. The results demonstrate that the decrement in Posm during pregnancy is an early event. The data (urinary AVP excretion, its suppression by water loading and normal concentration and dilution despite a lower plasma tonicity) also suggest that human pregnancy is accompanied by a resetting of the threshold for vasopressin secretion to a lower Posm. PMID- 7236553 TI - Placental protein 5 (PP5) in placental abruption. AB - The circulating levels of serum placental protein 5 (PP5) were measured in serial samples from 10 subjects who later had placental abruption. PP5 levels were elevated in five immediately prior to the clinical diagnosis of abruption. PMID- 7236554 TI - Acute-phase C56-forming ability and concentrations of complement components in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies. AB - A prospective study of 61 women who were normotensive at booking revealed an increased incidence of C56-forming ability in those who later developed hypertension. Similar changes were found before delivery in a separate group of women admitted with latent hypertension and in each of 11 women with severe pre eclampsia and a surviving fetus. The C56-forming ability, an acute phase feature, often preceded the hypertension and the findings suggest an indirect relation between complement changes and the mechanism causing hypertension in pregnancy. Concentrations of complement components in hypertensive and normotensive pregnancies were also compared with each other and with those of normal healthy non-pregnant women. The hypertensive patients had increased total alternative pathway function and higher factor B concentrations. The C56-negative sera from hypertensive patients tended to have C7 concentrations higher than normal whereas C56-positive patients had higher C5 concentrations. The aetiological and pathological implications are discussed. PMID- 7236555 TI - Subcutaneous oxygen tension in the fetal scalp during labour continuous monitoring with a needle electrode. AB - Continuous intrapartum PO2 recordings were made in 25 fetuses, using a needle electrode that measures PO2 in the subcutaneous (sc) tissue of the scalp or the breech. This small electrode is combined with a spiral ECG electrode and can be easily applied in early labour. One hour after application of the electrode in the early first stage, a mean fetal scPO2 of 29.4 +/- 7.5 mm Hg was found. In the course of labour, scPO2 gradually fell to a mean value of 22.2 +/- 5.6 mm Hg, recorded just before the onset of bearing down contractions, and stabilised in the second stage of labour. ScPO2 values of less than 20 mm Hg were not recorded for a longer period except in one case of severe fetal distress. The relation between scPO2 just before delivery and cord arterial PO2 revealed a coefficient of correlation of 0.85. In general, scPO2 appeared higher than tcPO2 as described in the literature. This is ascribed to the different technique of measurement: the needle electrode measures in the deeper layers of the scalp, whereas the tc electrode is supplied with oxygen form the more superficial capillaries, where blood flow is more liable to be affected by mechanical factors. PMID- 7236557 TI - Prognostic significance of negative hysterectomy specimen following intracavitary irradiation in stage I endometrial carcinoma. AB - Clinical stage I endometrial carcinoma in 353 women was treated by pre-operative intracavitary irradiation with radium and total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. No residual tumour was found in 36 per cent of uterine specimens obtained from hysterectomies performed within two weeks compared to 59 per cent of those removed later than eight weeks after the intracavitary irradiation. A negative hysterectomy specimen was a favourable prognostic index. Patients with no residual tumour in the hysterectomy specimens had a significantly lower five-years relapse rate (3.8 per cent) than those with residual tumour (19.2 per cent). PMID- 7236556 TI - Cefuroxime and metronidazole in gynaecological surgery. AB - The predominant potential pathogens in the vaginal flora, sampled before operation in 41 patients undergoing gynaecological surgery, included E. coli, alpha-haemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus faecalis, anaerobic Gram-positive cocci and Bacteroides fragilis. All the aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and 89.7 per cent of the streptococci isolated were sensitive to 4 microgram/ml of cefuroxime. Most of the anaerobes were also very sensitive to cefuroxime, although the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 52 per cent of B, fragilis isolates was at least 8 microgram/ml. The MIC of metronidazole was less than 1 microgram/ml for almost all anaerobes. All patients were given 1 g of metronidazole by suppository on the night before operation and a second suppository was given, together with 750 mg of cefuroxime injected intramuscularly with the premedication. The mean extravascular tissue concentrations of cefuroxime and metronidazole, assayed in 29 patients, were respectively 8.9 and 8.0 microgram/g (uterus), 14.2 and 22.3 microgram/g (cervix), 13.1 and 6.3 microgram/g (Fallopian tube), 12.3 and 2.1 microgram/g (ovary), 10.3 and 12.4 microgram/g (vagina), 13.3 and 13.7 microgram/ml (serum), 3570.3 and 122.3 microgram/ml (urine). None of the patients developed postoperative wound infections or adverse reactions. PMID- 7236558 TI - Sclerosing stromal tumour of the ovary case report with endocrine studies. AB - The findings in a patient who was found to have a sclerosing stromal tumour of the ovary associated with a tubal pregnancy are described. Measurement of hormones in blood before and after removal of the tumour suggested the tumour was androgen-secreting. PMID- 7236559 TI - Intestinal atresia caused by second trimester amniocentesis. Case report. AB - In an amniotic fluid sample obtained by mid-trimester amniocentesis a string of fetal mucosa and submucosa from the small intestine was found. The fetus was aborted 21 days after the amniocentesis. There was no lesion of the abdominal wall, but an ileal atresia, fibrous adhesions, bilateral hydronephrosis and kinked ureters were found at autopsy. PMID- 7236560 TI - Premature ovarian failure associated with the candida endocrinopathy syndrome. Case report. AB - A 27-year-old woman with premature ovarian failure associated with the candida endocrinopathy syndrome is reported. A review of the literature is presented. PMID- 7236561 TI - Pseudo-sarcomatous polyps of the vagina in pregnancy. Case report. AB - A case of pseudo-sarcomatous polyps of the vagina in a pregnant woman caused anxiety because of the possible differential diagnoses of sarcoma botyroides of the vagina or mixed mesenchymal tumours of the genital tract. These polyps are rarely described in the literature and their recognition is important for clinical management. PMID- 7236562 TI - Massive ovarian oedema. Case report. AB - A case is described of massive ovarian oedema with secondary amenorrhoea and evidence of masculinization in a young girl. Pre-operative testosterone levels in peripheral plasma were markedly raised, but returned to normal immediately following wedge resection of both ovaries. Microscopic examination revealed lutein cells in the right ovary which were predominantly located within and around atretric follicles and Stein-Leventhal-like features in the left ovary. Irregular ovulatory cycles started four weeks after surgery. PMID- 7236563 TI - Blindness in leprosy. PMID- 7236564 TI - Prevalence of ocular manifestations of leprosy in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. AB - The prevalence of ocular lesions in patients with leprosy attending the Port Moresby General Hospital leprosy clinic was 52%. The prevalence of potentially sight threatening lesions in these patients was 12%. Their mean age was 26.3 years, and the mean estimated duration of disease was 7.2 years. PMID- 7236565 TI - Ocular findings in leprosy patients in an institution in Nepal (Khokana). AB - A total of 466 leprosy patients in Nepal, some advanced cases, were surveyed for ocular lesions. 74.2% were found with ocular features, and 12.7% of the eyes were blind. The patients were classified in tuberculoid, borderline-borderline, and lepromatous groups. Lepromatous leprosy is responsible for major ocular complications and blindness. PMID- 7236567 TI - Cataract surgery in the management of the late complications of lepromatous leprosy in South Korea. AB - Clinical examination of 113 patients in South Korea with lepromatous leprosy and severe visual impairment showed that the main cause of visual loss was the combined effect of corneal and lens opacities associated with small nonreacting pupils and iris atrophy. Cataract surgery with broad iridectomy and inferior sphincterotomy offers these patients with chronic lepromatous complications the best chance of preserving vision. Eighty-one cataract operations were performed under local anaesthesia, and in 90% vision improved; in 60% this improvement was 2 Snellen's lines or more. PMID- 7236566 TI - Role of iris changes as a cause of blindness in lepromatous leprosy. AB - Clinical and pathological investigations in a group of 113 patients with leprosy of long duration demonstrated the importance of iris changes as a cause of blindness. In lepromatous leprosy the so called "chronic iritis" produces iris atrophy with small nonreacting pupils which exaggerate the visual impairment created by developing lens changes and corneal opacities. The cause of this "chronic iritis" is believed to be neuroparalytic from early involvement of the small nerves of the iris, particularly the autonomic supply. Clinical and pharmacological evidence for this theory is supported by the histological changes observed in 18 specimens of iris removed during the course of cataract surgery, with progressive atrophy of the iris preferentially affecting the dilator muscle and leading to a nonreacting miosed pupil. Further pharmacological and histological studies are to be undertaken on lepromatous patients with iris involvement with a view to establishing possible methods of prevention. PMID- 7236568 TI - Pigmentary dispersion. AB - A long-term study of primary pigmentary dispersion has shown that the condition is commoner in males than females and appears most frequently in the third decade. After 10 years there may be a significant reduction in the amount of pigment deposited on the cornea, and the condition of several patients receiving treatment for glaucoma has remained under control when treatment has been stopped. PMID- 7236569 TI - Decompensation of chronic open-angle glaucoma following mydriasis-induced pigmentary dispersion into the aqueous humour: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - A patient with well controlled chronic open-angle glaucoma developed after dilatation of both pupils persistent increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) due to extensive pigmentary dispersion into the aqueous humour. Trabeculectomy specimens obtained from both eyes after 3 and 7 weeks were studied by light and electron microscopy. It seems evident that the initial phase of raised IOP was caused by a clogging mechanism to the outflow channels by melanin and phagocytic cells. The permanent increase in IOP is attributed to the damage induced in the fibrous components of the trabecular sheets as a result of a complete breakdown of their endothelial covering. PMID- 7236571 TI - Pigment dispersion syndrome: a clinical study. AB - This study involved a group of 407 patients (799 eyes) with pigment dispersion syndrome gathered from a glaucoma population of 9200 patients. The sex distribution was equal. The majority (65%) of patients were myopic. The incidence of retinal detachment was 6.4%. No patients were black, but 5 were mulatto. Approximately one-quarter of the patients wih pigment dispersion syndrome (31% of the men, 19% of the women) had glaucoma. The average age of onset of glaucoma was 15 years less than in control patients with chronic simple glaucoma. When both eyes were affected by glaucoma, the glaucoma was consistently more severe in the eye with the more heavily pigmented angle. The degree of iris transillumination was found to be of no importance in predicting the presence of glaucoma or the severity of trabecular pigmentation. The pressure in 66% of the eyes with pigmentary glaucoma was controlled medically. A higher percentage of patients with pigmentary glaucoma required surgery than patients in the control group with chronic simple glaucoma. Men with pigmentary glaucoma required surgery at a much earlier age than women with pigmentary glaucoma. PMID- 7236570 TI - Pigment release. AB - Guttae phenylephrine 10% produced a significant decrease in intraocular pressure and increase in facility of outflow in eyes with untreated ocular hypertension. If at the same time pigment was released into the aqueous, the pressure and outflow effect was nullified. Guttae pilocarpine 2% also reduced pressure and increased outflow, but if phenylephrine was added to the pilocarpine 2 responses appeared. If no pigment was released, pressure decreased and outflow increased; if pigment was released, there was no significant change in either. An identical response was shown by eyes with treated open-angle glaucoma. In eyes with treated exfoliation glaucoma pilocarpine and phenylephrine combined produced a significant increase in pressure and decrease in outflow because of pigment release. Finally, 18 eyes are described in which pigment release produced a mean increase in intraocular pressure of 14 mmHg. An acute release of pigment has an outflow-blocking effect that can be readily demonstrated. It provides an explanation for some of the paradoxical responses that occur after the instillation of autonomic drugs. It also provides a sufficient explanation for glaucoma associated with pigment dispersion. PMID- 7236572 TI - Aetiology of spheroidal degeneration of the cornea in Labrador. AB - To determine the aetiology of spheroidal degeneration of the cornea (Labrador keratopathy), total population surveys were conducted in 5 communities in coastal Labrador and northern Newfoundland. For 4 years records were also kept on all clinic patients aged 40 or more throughout the region. Both methods gave a peak prevalence at latitudes 55 degrees--56 degrees north. The greatest severity and earliest age of onset occurred around the same latitudes. Of the proposed environmental causative agents only ultraviolet radiation, reflected from ice and snow, explains the distribution of the disease. The high cumulative UV dosage is due to the unique geographical and climatic features of the region. PMID- 7236573 TI - Grating test of contrast sensitivity in patients with Minamata disease. AB - Thirty cases of Minamata disease caused by methyl mercury poisoning with the lesion mainly at the occipital cortex were selected and their spatial contrast sensitivity of vision was examined by the Arden grating chart. At the same time their visual acuity, visual field, and visual evoked cortical potential (VECP) were also investigated. In all cases the results of the Arden test indicated abnormality. Poor results were obtained at higher frequencies of the gratings. VECP elicited by grating pattern reversal stimulus was undertaken in 12 cases out of the 30. The results revealed abnormality almost equal to that shown by the Arden test. Seven out of the 12 cases showed no VECP response. The other 5, giving a response, showed abnormality: when the size of the grating became smaller at higher frequencies, the VECP paused or was not recorded, whereas at low frequencies it was recorded. This finding was in good agreement or was not recorded, whereas at low frequencies it was recorded. This finding was in good agreement with the results of the Arden test. Visual acuity and visual field tests were less sensitive in detecting abnormality. The Arden chart is a sensitive clinical tool for patients with lesions at the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, the test can be used for screening patients who may have come in contrast with organic mercury. PMID- 7236574 TI - Image splitting--a technique for measuring retinal vascular reactivity. AB - The observation of changes of pial vessel calibre has withstood the test of time in assessing cerebrovascular reactivity. A recent refinement has been the adoption of the image splitting television technique of Baez, which allows accurate and rapid measurements of vessel calibre to be made in situ. This method has been successfully applied to the eye, where the retinal vessels are readily visible through the pupil. Results are presented of preliminary experiments in normal persons, in whom an induced increased in intraocular pressure was associated with retinal vasodilatation. PMID- 7236575 TI - VEP measurement of the amplitude of accommodation. AB - The amplitude of accommodation was measured in 44 subjects by visually evoked potentials (VEP) in response to negative lenses. It was found that about two thirds of the subjects responded to the lenses by increasing their accommodation in order to minimise blur, while the other one-third accepted the blur and accommodated very little. The amplitude was also determined subjectively (push-up method) and it correlated very well with the VEP measurement (r = 0.91). It is therefore suggested that VEP constitutes a feasible method of assessing objectively the amplitude of accommodation. PMID- 7236576 TI - Nutrition--fertility interaction in lactating women of low income groups. AB - 1. Duration of lactational amenorrhoea and interpregnancy interval were related to maternal body-weight in an urban low-income group population of 2250 women. 2. Breast-feeding practices were similar in all the women, none of whom had received any nutritional intervention. 3. In the study group the mean duration of lactation, lactational amenorrhoea and interpregnancy interval (months) were 20.7, 11.2 and 24.2 respectively. 4. Mean duration of lactation was significantly shorter in women whose body-weights were over 55 kg. Duration of lactational amenorrhoea increased with increasing duration of lactation (r 0.5164). 5. The duration of lactational amenorrhoea showed a progressive fall with increasing body-weight (r --0.8139) even when duration of lactation was kept constant. 6. The mean duration of post-partum amenorrhoea in women who did not lactate remained unaltered irrespective of body-weight. 7. The findings suggest that maternal nutritional status modifies return of menstruation only in lactating women. PMID- 7236577 TI - The effect of acute dietary restriction on muscle fibre number in weanling rats. AB - 1. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated at 100 g into either an ad lib.-fed control group or a food-restricted group. The restricted group was fed for 9 d at 25% of ad lib. intake. Controls were killed at a body-weight of 100 g and 29 d of age. 2. The effects of food restriction on muscle weight, fibre number, fibre diameter, DNA, and protein were examined in three skeletal muscles, the soleus, plantaris and extensor digitorum longus (EDL). 3. Acute dietary restriction caused body- and muscle-weight loss and a decrease in both the number and cross sectional area of muscle fibres in each of the muscles. 4. The restriction halted growth-related increases in DNA in all muscles and decreased the protein:DNA value in the plantaris and EDL. 5. These results indicate that present theories describing cellular development are not adequate to define growth potential or growth retardation of skeletal muscle. PMID- 7236578 TI - Breast-milk fat concentrations of rural African women. 2. Long-term variations within a community. AB - 1. Long-term variations in breast-milk fat concentration of mothers feeding on demand were studied in 120 rural West African women over a 12-month period. 2. The over-all mean 12 h breast-milk fat concentration was 39.3 g/l. 3. Mean breast milk fat concentrations were affected by season in a manner which was correlated with seasonal changes in maternal subcutaneous fat stores (P less than 0.05) but which was unrelated to seasonal variations in maternal energy intake and breast milk output. 4. Breast-milk fat concentrations were highest in early lactation, decreasing to a constant level during the first year. 5. There was significantly greater between-mother than within-mother variation in breast-milk fat concentrations measured in successive months, after correcting for season and stage of lactation (P less than 0.001). 6. Breast-milk fat concentrations were highest for primiparous mothers, decreasing to a constant level at parity 4 and higher. 7. A mother's relative breast-milk fat concentration was not correlated with her levels of dietary energy intake and breast-milk output but was positively correlated with her relative subcutaneous fat deposits (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7236579 TI - Effects of changes in the intakes of protein and non-protein energy on whole-body protein turnover in growing pigs. PMID- 7236580 TI - The effects of protein degradability and food intake on milk yield and composition in cows in early lactation. AB - 1. In two experiments measurements were made of food intake, live-weight change, milk yield and milk composition in early lactation when dairy cows were given diets containing varying proportions of protein as fish meal (low rumen degradability) or as groundnut meal (high rumen degradability). In a preliminary trial measurements were also made with cows given supplements of either fish meal or barley and fed at a restricted level of feeding. 2. When metabolizable energy (ME) intake exceeded 160 MJ/d there was no evidence of responses to changes in protein degradability, ut at ME intakes below 135 MJ/d increases in the supply of undegradable protein led to increases in fat-corrected milk yield, protein content and live-weight loss. 3. The interaction between energy intake and protein degradability is unexpected because net protein:net energy requirement increases as milk yield increases, but may be explained in terms of differential effects of changing rumen outflow rates on degradabilities. PMID- 7236582 TI - Effects of the antibiotic monensin and an inhibitor of methanogenesis on in vitro continuous rumen fermentations. AB - 1. The effects of a methane inhibitor, ICI 111075, and a propionate enhancer, monensin, were studied using in vitro continuous fermenters. 2. Both compounds increased the yield of substrate energy, carbon and hydrogen in volatile fatty acids (VFA). This was mainly due to an increase in the molar proportion of propionic acid. 3. Improved yields of VFA were accompanied by reductions in methane production and microbial yield. 4. Since published information showed that monensin reduced rumen dilution rate in vivo an analogous in vitro system was proposed in which a high dilution rate control fermenter was compared with a monensin treated fermenter set to run at a low dilution rate. 5. Results showed that the general intrinsic microbial activity of the chemical manipulators was not affected by changes in dilution rate. Changing dilution rate in addition to chemical treatment however resulted in substantial modifications in the net effect on the fermentation. 6. The practical implications of reducing rumen dilution rate as a side effect of chemically manipulating the rumen fermentation could involve changes in food intake, increased importance of secondary fermentations and a reduced effect of nutrients not degraded in the rumen. PMID- 7236583 TI - The influence of perinatal undernutrition of twin-bearing ewes on milk yields and lamb performance and the effects of postnatal nutrition on live weight gain and carcass composition. PMID- 7236581 TI - Metabolic changes in cattle due to the specific effect of the tick, Boophilus microplus. AB - 1. An experiment was designed to provide information on the alterations in body metabolism which would account for the loss of body-weight in cattle due to the specific effect (factors other than reduced food intake) of the tick Boophilus microplus. 2. Two groups of British (Shorthorn x Hereford) and Africander x British calves, each approximately months olds, were used: one group (treated) of each breed was tick-infested and the other (control) was tick-free. Within breeds, calves in the control group were pair-fed to calves in the treated group. 3. In both breeds, the effect of ticks: (a) depressed packed cell volume, serum alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and amylase (EC 3.2.1.1.) activities, plasma cholesterol and phospholipid levels, serum iron and albumin levels, (b) increased the plasma levels of urea-nitrogen and gamma-globulin (c) increased rectal temperature, water intake, urine volume, urinary and faecal total N, urinary urea N and alpha-amino acids, the excretion of water, sodium and potassium in the faeces and (d) reduced N balance, N and dry-matter digestibilities. 4. In the British breed, ticks increased the excretion of K with a corresponding decrease in the excretion of Na in the urine and increased the plasma clearance of bromsulphthalein. 5. A second experiment showed that the specific effect of tick infestation increased the flow of organic matter (OM) from the abomasum and the fractional turnover of rumen fluid of Hereford steers. It was also shown that the decrease in OM digestibility in the gastrointestinal tract was largely due to a decrease in OM digestibility in the rumen and that the increased urinary urea excretion and plasma urea concentration was caused by higher production rates of urea despite a tendency for lowered urea degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7236585 TI - The maximum capacity of the bovine liver to excrete manganese in bile, and the effects of a manganese load on the rate of excretion of copper, iron and zinc in bile. AB - 1. The maximum capacity of the bovine liver to excrete manganese in bile was determined in three Friesian-cross steers surgically prepared to allow bile flow rate to be measured and samples collected. Plasma Mn concentrations were increased by infusing manganese chloride solutions into a jugular vein and the biliary excretion rates of Mn, copper, zinc and iron were measured. 2. The maximum capacity of the liver to excrete Mn in bile was exceeded at an infusion rate of approximately 4000 microgram Mn/min, and at this rate there was a significant decrease in the concentration of Cu, Fe and Zn in bile. The maximum concentration (mean +/- SE) of Mn in bile was 193 +/- 19 microgram/ml, and the maximum excretion rate (mean +/- SE) was 1210 +/- 130 microgram/min for three animals. There was no reduction in bile flow or evidence of live damage as a result of the infusions. PMID- 7236584 TI - Quantitative studies of food protein degradation and the energetic efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of sheep given chopped lucerne and rolled barley. AB - 1. In a randomized block design, four sheep were given 800 g daily of diets containing: chopped lucerne (L), chopped lucerne-rolled barley (2:1; LB), rolled barley-chopped lucerne (2:1; BL), rolled barley (B); each diet was supplemented with minerals, vitamins and urea as considered necessary. Chronic oxide was included in the diets as a flow marker. 2. Flows of organic matter (OM) and non ammonia-nitrogen (NAN) to the small intestine (SI) were measured and microbial protein was identified by a 35S-incorporation procedure. 3. OM disappearance in the rumen increased linearly with increasing inclusion of barley in the diet but there was no significant change in microbial NAN flow to the SI so that the yield of microbial NAN (g)/kg fermented OM (FOM) decreased from 29.6 (diet L) to 22.7 (diet B). Changes in the energetic efficiency of microbial protein synthesis appeared to be unrelated to alterations in rumen fluid volatile fatty acid (VFA) proportions or in rumen fluid dilution rate (D). 4. The degradability of dietary protein (non-urea-N), estimated using the 35S procedure, was 0.72, 0.76, 0.86 and 0.86 for diets L, LB, BL and B respectively. Similar values were obtained from concurrent polyester-bag experiments when the fractional outflow rate of undegraded protein from the rumen (k) was assumed to be 0.046. PMID- 7236586 TI - Developmental changes in the methylation silkmoth follicular epithelial messenger ribonucleic acid. AB - As measured by the extent of incorporation of [3H]methyl groups into 5'-terminal m7GpppNm structures, the synthesis of poly(A+) mRNA progressively increased during follicular development, ultimately exceeding the prechorion value by 20 fold. Collectively, these results indicated that significant alterations in the methylation patterns of silkmoth mRNA accompany transitions in the types and amounts of mRNA expressed during follicular development. PMID- 7236587 TI - Polymerization of myosin from smooth muscle of the calf aorta. AB - Myosin from smooth muscle of the calf aorta has been found to be similar to rabbit skeletal muscle myosin in molecular weight, sedimentation coefficient, and amino acid composition. When dialyzed at low ionic strength, it also forms polymers that exist in equilibrium with the "monomer", the position of this equilibrium being sensitive to ionic strength, pH, and hydrostatic pressure. The self-association reactions for smooth muscle myosin differ, however, from those observed for skeletal muscle myosin in several ways: (1) aorta myosin polymerizes at a higher ionic strength to form a smaller polymer; (2) between pH 6 and 8, only one polymer boundary is observed; (3) the result of varying total protein concentration on the myosin-polymer equilibrium cannot be analyzed by the Gilbert theory for a simple two-species system, as was possible with skeletal myosin. This more complex polymerization behavior may be related to differences in the mode of assembly between smooth and skeletal muscle myosin. PMID- 7236588 TI - Micrococcal nuclease cleavage of chromatin displays nonrandom properties. AB - A statistical analysis of the products of digestion of chicken erythrocyte chromatin by micrococcal nuclease was used to test for randomness of the cutting process. DNA fragment size classes corresponding to mononucleosome, dinucleosome, trinucleosome, tetranucleosome, and all fragments larger than tetranucleosome were evaluated. In every case, fragments in the mononucleosome and greater-than tetranucleosome classes were produced in excess of the level expected on the basis of random cleavage while those in the dinucleosome-tetranucleosome classes exhibited a shortage. The pattern of nonrandomness appears to depend on substrate size: the magnitude of deviations from randomness was large when substrates of genomic size are compared with polynucleosomal segments whereas the direction of deviation is identical. Nonrandomness was independent of ionic conditions known to affect the state of chromatin condensation and also appeared to be unaffected by depletion of histones H1 and H5. The possible universality of nonrandom cleavage was suggested when other data from the literature was analyzed. Some possible mechanisms to account for this property are discussed. PMID- 7236590 TI - Effects of sterol structure and exogenous lipids on the transbilayer distribution of sterols in the membrane of Mycoplasma capricolum. AB - Stopped-flow kinetic measurements of the association of filipin with sterols in intact cells and isolated membranes of Mycoplasma capricolum were used to study the effects of varying the phospholipid in the membrane. The phospholipid composition and content of the membrane were varied by growing cells in an albumin-containing medium with cholesterol, palmitic and oleic acids, and various concentrations of exogenous phospholipids. The exogenous phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidic acid) were incorporated up to levels of approximately 50% of the total membrane phospholipids but had no effect on the distribution of cholesterol between the two halves of the membrane bilayer. The sterol structure was varied by growing the cells with 10/micrograms/mL of either cholesterol, beta-cholestanol, 4,6-cholestadien-3 beta ol, ergosterol, beta-sitosterol, or stigmasterol. With cholesterol, beta cholestanol, and 4,6-cholestadien-3 beta-ol, approximately 65% of the sterol was found to be present in the outer half of the lipid bilayer. With ergosterol, beta sitosterol, and stigmasterol, about 89% of the sterol is localized in the outer half of the membrane bilayer. Thus, the behavior of the alkyl-substituted sterols differs from that of cholesterol. The extent to which a sterol is distributed asymmetrically between the two halves of the bilayer is not related to the extent to which maximum growth is produced. These results suggest that growth-supporting sterols need not be translocated extensively. PMID- 7236591 TI - Effect of cholesterol in membranes. Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of lipid lateral diffusion. AB - Lateral diffusion coefficients of lipids in a bilayer can be measured directly in a macroscopically aligned sample by use of a pulsed NMR method with pulsed magnetic field gradients [Lindblom, G., & Wennerstrom, H. (1977) Biophys. Chem. 6, 167]. This technique has been utilized to investigate the influence of cholesterol on the lipid diffusion of egg yolk lecithin, palmitoyloleoyllecithin, and dioleoyllecithin. It is found that cholesterol has a very small effect on the phospholipid diffusion. On the other hand, cholesterol has a great influence on the molecular ordering in the bilayer and on the lipid phase structure. It is therefore suggested that cholesterol exerts its dominant effect on the lipid membrane stability. PMID- 7236589 TI - Effects of thio-group modifications on the ion permeability control and ligand binding properties of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor. AB - Chemical modification of membrane-bound Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor by the disulfide reducing agent dithiothreitol has two major effects on receptor function: (1) it shifts the dose-response curve for agonist-induced increases in 22Na+ permeability to 10-fold higher concentrations, and (2) it decreases the binding affinity of the receptor for the same agonist about 6-fold. In the experiments reported here, the agonist used was carbamoylcholine. Despite the quantitative changes in agonist binding and flux response, dithiothreitol treated membranes display all other functional properties expected of a receptor. The flux response is blocked by preincubation of the membranes with carbamoylcholine, a phenomenon known as desensitization. In parallel, the receptor undergoes a carbamoylcholine-induced shift from a low-affinity to a high affinity binding state for the same agonist. All of the effects of dithiothreitol are reversed by the oxidizing agent 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Alkylation of the membranes with N-ethylmaleimide after dithiothreitol reduction results in complete inhibition of the flux response, and the effect is not reoxidation treatment. The N-ethylmaleimide also shifts the receptor into a very low-affinity binding state for carbamylcholine that is shifted to only a slightly higher affinity by preincubation with carbamoylcholine. Prior to reduction, N ethylmaleimide has no effect on receptor binding or flux properties. Detailed binding studies on affinity-alkylated receptor membranes indicate that the alpha neurotoxin binding site not occupied by the affinity label displays all the same properties as unlabeled membranes, including the dithiothreitol and N ethylmaleimide effects. The results are discussed in the context of several hypotheses previously proposed to account for the diverse effects of thio-group modifications on the acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 7236592 TI - Surface potential of lipid membrane estimated from the partitioning of methylene blue into liposomes. AB - The partition of methylene blue between negatively charged phospholipid membrane and the bulk aqueous phase was measured by using visible spectroscopy in very dilute aqueous membrane suspensions, 0.05-0.3 mg of dried phospholipids in 1 mL of buffer solution. Under these experimental conditions, the turbidities of liposome systems and the overlapping of the electrical double layers of different liposomes were negligible. The positively charged probe, methylene blue, forms dimers in membrane phase, resulting in a reduction of the absorbance intensity. The surface potential of the membranes (liposomes) was calculated from the partition coefficient of the dye between the membrane and the bulk phase. The effects of charge density of the membrane and of the ionic strength on the surface potential were also studied. PMID- 7236594 TI - Interaction of sugar phosphates with the catalytic site of ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase. AB - The activated and catalytically competent form of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase is a ternary complex of enzyme-activator CO2 x Mg. The effectors of NADPH and 6-phosphogluconate promoted activation by formation of a rapid equilibrium quaternary complex of enzyme-activation CO2 x Mg x effector; i.e., the effectors did not activate the enzyme per se but promoted the basic activation process by stabilizing the activated enzyme-activator CO2 x Mg complex. Kinetic and gel filtration studies showed that the effectors stabilized the binding of the activator CO2 and MG2+ (or Mn2+), thereby decreasing the rate of deactivation. Binding studies indicated the presence of one 6-phosphogluconate binding site per protomer. The binding of 6-phosphogluconate and NADPH to the enzyme-activator CO2 x Mg complex was (a) completely prevented when the catalytic site for ribulose bisphosphate was occupied by the transition-state analogue, 2 carboxyarabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate, and (b) competitively diminished in the presence of 3-phosphoglycerate, the product of the carboxylation reaction. NADPH, 6-phosphogluconate, and 3-phosphoglycerate acted as linear competitive inhibitors of carboxylation with respect to ribulose bisphosphate. These results demonstrate that the effectors elicit their response through interaction at the catalytic site for ribulose bisphosphate and that their effect is secondary to the basic CO2-Mg2+-dependent activation reaction. An enzyme molecule cannot be simultaneously catalytically competent (capable of binding and carboxylating ribulose bisphosphate) and activated by an effector, since the latter involves occupancy of the ribulose bisphosphate binding site. PMID- 7236593 TI - Stereochemical and kinetic investigation of 32P-labeled inorganic phosphate exchange reaction catalyzed by primer-independent and primer-dependent polynucleotide phosphorylase from Micrococcus luteus. AB - The SP diastereomer of adenosine 5'-O-(1-thiodiphosphate) (ADP alpha S) is a substrate for the 32P-labeled inorganic phosphate exchange reaction catalyzed by the T and I forms of polynucleotide phosphorylase. The exchange reaction occurs with retention of configuration. This exchange reaction is very slow when only ADP alpha S(SP) is presented but is greatly activated by dinucleotide primers and ADP alpha S(RP), although the latter is not a substrate for the exchange reaction. Ap(S)A(RP) is an approximately 50% better activator of the exchange than the SP diastereomer. Furthermore, high levels of the ADP alpha S(SP) eliminate the activation by primers and by ADP alpha S(RP). A phosphatase activity is present with the I form of the enzyme which converts ADP alpha S(RP) to AMPS. This activity may be responsible for the formation of the 5'-phosphate end group for de novo polymerization or for the processivity of this reaction. PMID- 7236595 TI - Photosuicide inactivation of acetylcholinesterase by nitrosamine derivatives. AB - Methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine and methyl-(butyroxymethyl)nitrosamine are respectively substrate (KM - 10(-2) M) and competitive inhibitor (Ki = 2 x 10(-3) M) of electric eel acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). Irradiation of an incubation mixture of this enzyme with either nitrosamine leads to an irreversible loss of enzyme activity. The inactivation rates are dependent on photolysis wavelength, light intensity, and inhibitor concentration. Experiments where acetylcholinesterase was radioactively labeled by [14C] methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine show that the incorporation of 1 mol of radioactive label per active site is sufficient to cause complete enzyme inactivation irrespective of the reaction conditions used. Methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine shows no affinity for horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) while methyl(butyroxymethyl)nitrosamine is a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 2 x 10(-3) M), but no irreversible inhibition is induced by the action of light. We propose that a suicide type of inhibition [Bloch, K. (1969) Acc. Chem. Res. 2, 193-198] is responsible for the inactivation of acetylcholinesterase, based on photoactivation of nitrosamines only when associated with an acidic hydrogen of the active site. PMID- 7236596 TI - Amino acid sequence of a carboxypeptidase inhibitor from tomato fruit. AB - The amino acid sequence of a 37 residue carboxypeptidase inhibitor from tomato fruit has been determined. The amino terminus was shown to be 2-oxopyrrolidine-5 carboxylic acid by digestion of reduced and S-carboxymethylated inhibitor with pyroglutamate aminopeptidase. The remainder of the sequence was assigned by analysis of peptides which had been generated by specific cleavage at the Asp4 Pro5 bond under acid conditions and by treatment with trypsin. The amino acid sequence of this inhibitor is identical with that of an analogous inhibitor from potatoes in 26 positions, and two of the replacements are highly conservative. The identification of the nonconservative replacements has been used to better define regions of the inhibitor which are not believed to contribute significantly to the free energy of association of the enzyme-inhibitor complex. PMID- 7236597 TI - Ribonucleases of human serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and leukocytes. Activity staining following electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. AB - The ribonucleases (RNases) of human blood serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and leukocytes were visualized by activity staining after electrophoresis in RNA-case sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Samples were prepared for electrophoresis by heating for 2 min at 100 degrees C in 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDodSO4) and 5% mercaptoethanol, conditions which dissociate proteins into their constituent polypeptide chains and permit estimation of molecular weight. It was found that each of the five peaks of serum alkaline RNase activity separable on phosphocellulose columns, i.e., RNases 1-5 of Akagi et al. [Akagi, K., Murai, K., Hirao, N., & Yamanaka, M. (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 442, 368 378], is associated with electrophoretically distinct enzymes. The molecular weights exhibited by these enzymes in NaDodSO4 gels are 31 000 and 28 000 (major species of RNase 1), 25 000 (RNase 2), 20 000 (RNase 3), 16 000 (RNase 4), and 14 000 (RNase 5). The RNase activity of leukocytes displays a molecular weight of 17 000 and exhibits a characteristic dependence of its Rf on the temperature at which samples (in 2% NaDodSO4 without mercaptoethanol) are prepared for electrophoresis. An RNase activity like that of leukocytes, distinct from RNases 1-5, is found in serum. Urine RNase activity is less heterogeneous than that of serum, consisting mainly of species like serum RNase 1 and an enzyme similar to leukocyte RNase. Conversely, CSF RNase activity is more complex and includes enzymes resembling serum RNases 1-5 as well as additional species either not observed in serum or detected in serum as minor components following chromatography. The analytical methods described herein are particularly useful for assessment of heterogeneity of RNase preparations and for direct comparison of the RNases of crude and purified samples. PMID- 7236598 TI - Multiple ribonucleases of human urine. AB - Four major urine ribonuclease (RNase) activities, designated bands A-D, were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and activity staining. Bands A, B, and C have alkaline pH optima and display molecular weights of 31 000, 23 000, and 20 000, respectively, upon sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDodSO4) gel electrophoresis and weights of 44 000, 28 000, 22 000 upon gel filtration. Band D, with a pH optimum slightly below neutrality, has a molecular weight of 16 000 or 15 000, respectively, determined by the above methods. Band A, the most abundant activity in urine, is heterogeneous and resembles serum RNase 1 on electrophoresis and on phosphocellulose and Sephadex chromatography. Band B is similar to a minor, unnamed component of serum RNase activity while band C resembles serum RNase 3. Band D is similar to the leukocyte RNase-like activity of serum [Blank, A., & Dekker, C.A. (1981) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. Band A is present in urine at a concentration high than that of RNase 1 in serum. In contrast, urine counterparts of serum RNases 2, 4, and 5 are not apparent upon either phosphocellulose chromatography [see also Yamanaka, M., Akagi, K., Murai, K., Hirao, N., Fujimi, S., & Omae, T. (1977) Clin. Chim. Acta 78, 191-201] or NaDodSO4 get electrophoresis; a urine counterpart of serum RNase 3 can be detected only by the more sensitive electrophoretic method. These results indicate that RNase 2-5 are processed differently by the kidney than RNase 1. After reconciliation of reported differences in their pH optima and molecular weights, five apparently diverse RNase preparations described in the literature can be related to band A activity and three preparations to band D. However, we are unable to confirm a previous report of a human urine enzyme indistinguishable from bovine pancreatic RNase A. PMID- 7236599 TI - Difference in phosphorylation of two factors stimulating RNA polymerase II of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - The structures of two protein factors, S-II and S-II', that specifically stimulate RNA polymerase II from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were compared. The two proteins behaved differently on CM-cellulose chromatography and on isoelectric focusing, although they were shown to have common antigenicity. The following findings strongly suggest that S-II and S-II' have the same primary structure, but that S-II' is more extensively phosphorylated than S-II: (1)S-II an S-II' gave identical peptide maps when digested with various proteases. (2) S II' that had been treated with alkaline phosphatases had the same mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel as S-II, indicating that it could be converted to S-II by hydrolysis of its phosphate residues. (3) S-II' was phosphorylated more than S-II when Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were labeled in vivo with [32P]orthophosphate. PMID- 7236600 TI - Bovine H10 histone subfractions contain an invariant sequence which matches histones H5 rather than H1. AB - Histone H10 differs substantially from H1 in a 37-residue region of the primary structure that is conserved between the usual H1 histones of fish and mammals. Instead, H10 is homologous to H5 in this region. Histones H10 and H5 might be classified together in a histone category distinct from the usual H1. PMID- 7236602 TI - Proton release in photosynthetic water oxidation: evidence for proton movement in a restricted domain. PMID- 7236603 TI - Kinetic and steady-state analysis of microtubules in the presence of colchicine. AB - The effects of colchicine on bovine brain microtubules under steady-state conditions have been studied by combined kinetic and equilibrium analysis. Colchicine induces an initially rapid rate of depolymerization when added to microtubules which are at steady state. The initial rate of disassembly follows the kinetics of colchicine binding to free tubulin. However, disassembly is incomplete, and a new steady-state concentration of microtubules is established provided that a sufficient concentration of colchicine-tubulin is present. When steady state is attained from the disassembly direction, colchicine decreases the formation the fraction of tubulin which is participating in the assembly reaction, without measurably changing the apparent critical concentration for polymerization. The extent of depolymerization of microtubules by colchicine is greater the lower the content of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Microtubules at steady state in the presence of either colchicine or GDP do not exhibit subunit flow which occurs in microtubules at steady state in GTP. Colchicine-tubulin will stabilize microtubules in the presence of MAPs but will not support microtubule elongation. Microtubules at steady state in the presence of colchicine depolymerize upon dilution at about the same rate as untreated microtubules, and, in either case, disassembly appears to occur from both ends of the microtubule. These observations appear to be inconsistent with simple reversible assembly mechanisms but may be explained by a model based upon the cooperative interactions of MAP-tubulin oligomers. PMID- 7236604 TI - Interaction of fibronectin with collagen fibrils. AB - The interaction of fibronectin with native collagen during collagen fibril formation was investigated. Fibronectin prepared from serum, or from the cell surface, bound to the forming collagen fibrils while less fibronectin bound to preformed fibers. Denatured collagen competed with native collagen in binding fibronectin. Fibronectin delayed the precipitation of collagen fibrils but did not alter the total amount of fibrils formed. Fibronectin which was heated to 30 degrees C for 30 min did not promote cell adhesion but still bound to native collagen and delayed fiber formation. The collagen-binding fragment of fibronectin produced by digestion either with chymotrypsin or with neutrophil elastase had a similar effect in delaying fibril formation, but the cell-binding fragment was not active. These studies indicate that fibronectin can bind to aggregating collagen fibers probably at the same site shown previously to bind to denatured collagen. Since fibronectin inhibits the rate of collagen fibrillogenesis, it may regulate the size of collagen fibers. PMID- 7236601 TI - Photoisomerization of the chromophore in bacteriorhodopsin during the proton pumping photocycle. AB - The configurations of the 13,14 double bond of the retinylidene chromophore in bacteriorhodopsin (bR) were investigated during the photocycle. The cycle was monitored by measuring the extent of formation of the M intermediate absorbing at 400-420 nm in the light and its rate of decay in the dark. It was inhibited by forming purple membrane films on glass and by using the synergistic ionophores beauvericin and valinomycin, in an equimolar ratio with bR, at 7 degrees C. These systems afforded enrichment in the M intermediate and a rate of decay that could be conveniently studied. The configuration was analyzed by extracting the chromophore with methylene chloride and measuring the ratio of 13-cis-to all trans-retinals by high-performance liquid chromatography. The relationship between the percent bR cycling and percent 13-cis-retinal extracted was measured for the films by varying the light intensity; the molar ratio of bR cycling to 13 cis-retinal extracted was 1.11. This confirms previous studies which showed photoisomerization of the chromophore during the pumping cycle. The decay kinetics of the blue-shifted intermediate absorbing at 400-420 nm and of the 13 cis-retinal extracted were also measured for the purple membrane films and purple membrane suspensions containing the ionophores. The decay of the 13-cis-retinal extracted followed first-order kinetics with t 1/2 = 0.6 times the decay of the fastest measured component of the 400-420-nm decay. We conclude that the proton pumping photocycle of bR contains a photoisomerization about the 13,14 double bond of the chromophore from the all-trans to the 13-cis configuration and that the thermal rearrangement back to the all-trans form may occur more rapidly than the decay of the M photointermediate. PMID- 7236606 TI - Solubilization and characterization of two rat brain membrane-bound aminopeptidases active on Met-enkephalin. AB - Two aminopeptidases which hydrolyze Metenkephalin at the Tyr-Gly bond have been solubilized from rat brain membranes and resolved by ion-exchange chromatography. These aminopeptidase are designated MI and MII based on the order in which they are eluted during ion-exchange chromatography. The two aminopeptidases can be distinguished kinetically; aminopeptidase MI hydrolyzes L-arginine beta naphthylamide 17 times faster than L-alanine beta-naphythylamide, while only a 1.7-fold difference is exhibited by aminopeptidase MII. Aminopeptidase MII exhibits a higher affinity for amino acid beta-naphthylamides, Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, and the inhibitor puromycin as compared to aminopeptidase MI. Greater than 90% of aminopeptidase MII activity is lost upon dialysis against ethylene-diaminetetraacetate (EDTA) but can be reconstituted with CoCl2 and MnCl2. In contrast, aminopeptidase MI loses only 30% of its activity when dialyzed against EDTA. In addition to cleaving the Tyr-Gly bond of Met enkephalin, aminopeptidase MII also cleaves the Tyr-Gly bond of alpha- and gamma endorphin. Hydrolysis of Met-enkephalin by intact membranes derived from whole rat brain occurs primarily by cleavage at the Tyr-Gly bond, with this activity attributable to aminopeptidase MII. PMID- 7236605 TI - Antibody specificity: a 270-MHz hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance study of the binding of dinitrophenyl compounds to the VL dimer of protein 315. PMID- 7236607 TI - Mechanism of allosteric activation of glycogen phosphorylase probed by the reactivity of essential arginine residues. Identification of an arginine residue involved in the binding of glucose 1-phosphate. AB - We have previously reported the physicochemical and kinetic properties of glycogen phosphorylase modified by arginine-specific reagent under different conditions [Dreyfus, M., Vandenbunder, B., & Buc, H. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 3634 3642]. The properties of the modified enzyme depend upon the conformation adopted by the enzyme during the modification reaction. In this paper, we report the localization of the crucial modified arginine residues on the primary structure. The chymotryptic peptide extending from residue Asp-563 to residue Tyr-572 was shown to contain one arginine residue (Arg-568) which is chemically modified by phenylglyoxal in phosphorylase a and in activated phosphorlase b. Inclusion of glucose 1-phosphate in the modification medium protects this residue from modification, with a concomitant protection of the enzyme activity. Furthermore, this residue is not reactive toward phenylglyoxal in phosphorylase b in the absence of any effector. Addition of the AMP analogue 2'dAMP, which is not an activator of the enzyme, does not increase Arg-568 reactivity but protects from modification several arginine residues located between Arg-242 and Leu-348. The location and the role of Arg-568 in phosphorylase are discussed with reference to recent data from X-ray crystallography. PMID- 7236610 TI - Polymorphism of brain tubulin. AB - Calf brain tubulin was subjected to isoelectric focusing and tryptic peptide map analysis. Results from isoelectric focusing experiments showed a total number of 17 well-resolved protein peaks. The number of peaks and the mass distribution under each peak remained the same when the concentration of protein or ampholyte was altered. When the protein was subjected to two-dimensional isoelectric focusing, a diagonal pattern was observed, indicating that the multiple peaks observed are not a manifestation of tubulin- ampholyte interaction. Further investigation by isolating these individual subspecies and subjecting them to isoelectric focusing yielded single peaks corresponding to the original ones without generating the initial pattern of multiple peaks. Tryptic peptide maps showed that among the subspecies of the alpha subunit there are 26 spots that are common among them. There are, however, 7 +/- 1 spots that are unique in each subspecies. Similar observations were obtained for the subspecies of the beta subunit although there are only 2 +/- 1 unique spots in each subspecies. These results suggest that tubulin subunits probably consist of polypeptides with both constant and variable regions in their sequences. Identical results were obtained for canine and rabbit brain tubulin, indicating that tubulin polymorphism is common among brain tissues. Tubulin isolated by either the polymerization depolymerization or the modified Weisenberg procedures yielded identical results. These results show that the same subspecies of tubulin are extracted by both isolation procedures. PMID- 7236609 TI - Fourth component of human complement: studies of an amine-sensitive site comprised of a thiol component. PMID- 7236608 TI - Crystallographic refinement and atomic models of a human Fc fragment and its complex with fragment B of protein A from Staphylococcus aureus at 2.9- and 2.8-A resolution. AB - The model of human Fc fragment was refined at 2.9-A resolution. Two different automated procedures for crystallographic refinement were used [Deisenhofer, J., & Steigemann, W. (1975) Acta Crystallogr., Sec. B B31, 238; Jack, A., & Levitt, M. (1978) Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A A34, 931]. The final R value is 0.22. The dimer of CH3 domains closely resembles the CH1-CL aggregate in Fab fragments. There is no contact between CH2 domains. The contact between CH2 and CH3 domains has about one-third of the size of the CH3-CH3 contact. The carbohydrate, a branched chain of nine hexose units, covers parts of the C-contact face of the CH2 domain, shielding hydrophobic residues on this surface. Six atoms of the carbohydrate are within hydrogen-bonding distance of atoms in the CH2 domain. Crystallographic refinement of the complex between Fc fragment and fragment B of protein A from Staphylococcus aureus reduced the R value of the model is 0.24. A major part of the structure of fragment B consists of two alpha helics; the rest of the polypeptide chain is folded irregularly. In the crystal, fragment B forms two contacts with Fc fragment molecules. Contact 1 involves residues from both helices of fragment B, and residues from the CH2 and CH3 domains of FC, and is predominantly hydrophobic. Contact 2 is smaller than contact 1. Residues from the second helix and adjacent residues of fragment B and residues only from the CH3 domain of Fc contribute to contact 2. The nature of contact 2 is mainly polar and includes a sulfate ion. There are strong arguments that contact 1 is the fragment B-Fc contact formed in solution under physiological conditions, while contact 2 is a crystal contact. PMID- 7236611 TI - Topography of rhodopsin in retinal rod outer segment disk membranes. Photochemical labeling with 1-azidopyrene. AB - 1-Azido[3H]pyrene ([3H]AP) has been synthesized with high specific radioactivity (3 Ci/mmol) and used to photochemically label retinal rod outer segment disk membranes. The reagent reacts with rhodopsin and a Mr approximately 240000 protein as well as with membrane lipids. When [3H]AP-rhodopsin is digested with thermolysin in the disk membrane, both membrane-bound fragments of rhodopsin, F1 and F2, are found to contain [3H]AP. Reaction of the reagent appears to be restricted to the lipophilic surface of rhodopsin inasmuch as the presence of the nitrene scavenger glutathione in the aqueous medium does not significantly reduce 3H incorporation into rhodopsin. Labeled F1 and F2 were prepared, their cyanogen bromide peptides partially separated, and specific radioactivities determined. A factor of 4.4-fold in specific radioactivities of peptide pools was found, which suggests that some specificity has been shown in the reaction of [3H]AP toward different surfaces of rhodopsin. PMID- 7236612 TI - Determination of cholesterol asymmetry by rapid kinetics of filipin-cholesterol association: effect of modification in lipids and proteins. AB - The rapid kinetic behavior of filipin association with cholesterol was unaffected by binding of water-soluble proteins to vesicle and mycoplasma membranes and by proteolytic digestion of mycoplasma membrane proteins. The kinetic properties were, however, dependent on the membrane phospholipids, in that the initial rate of filipin association with cholesterol was enhanced by phospholipase A2 treatment by the incorporation of lysophosphatidylcholine, and by increasing the degree of unsaturation in phospholipid vesicles and mycoplasma membranes. The second-order rate constant was also dependent on th mol % of cholesterol in small unilamellar vesicles but not in large unilamellar vesicles. The ratio of rate constants in intact mycoplasma cells relative to isolated membranes provides an estimate of cholesterol distribution in membranes [Bittman, R., & Rottem, S. (1076) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 71, 318; Clejan, S., Bittman, R., & Rottem, S. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 4579]. This ratio was unaffected by proteolytic digestion of intact cells and by the incorporation of exogenous phospholipids into the Mycoplasma capricolum cell membrane. However, on cross-linking of surface proteins of M. capricolum by dimethylsuberimidate, cholesterol was localized predominantly in the outer half of the bilayer. On aging of mycoplasma cultures, the cholesterol distribution remained constant in membranes of M. capricolum cells but was enriched in the outer leaflet of the Mycoplasma gallisepticum cell membrane. The results of these experiments are discussed in relation to the use of the rapid kinetics of filipin binding as a probe of cholesterol distribution. PMID- 7236613 TI - Binding of lanthanide ions to troponin C. AB - Tb3+ and Eu3+ bound to troponin C were detected by (1) changes in the fluorescence of the tyrosine chromophore of the protein or (2) the luminescence of the ions themselves excited by energy transfer from the protein or by direct excitation using a pulsed laser light source [Horrocks, W. DeW., Jr., & Sudnick, D. R. (1979) Science (Washington, D.C.) 206, 1194-1196]. Titrations carried out in the absence and presence of Ca2+ suggest two classes of binding sites (two sites in each class) for the lanthanides, corresponding to the high- and the low affinity sites for Ca2+. Computer analysis, assuming competition between Ca2+ and the lanthanide, using the binding constants of Ca2+ for TnC [Potter, J. D., & Gergely, J. (1975( J. Biol. Chem. 250, 4628-4633] yields 5.2 X 10(8) M-1 and 9.7 X 10(6) M-1 for Tb3+ and 4.7 X 10(9) M-1 and 5.3 X 10(7) M-1 for Eu3+, for the high- and the low-affinity sites, respectively. From lifetimes of laser-induced luminescence in H2O and in D2O, the number of water molecules coordinated to Eu3+ was two at the high and three at the low affinity sites. PMID- 7236614 TI - Structural identification of autoinducer of Photobacterium fischeri luciferase. AB - Synthesis of bacterial luciferase in some strains of luminous bacteria requires a threshold concentration of an autoinducer synthesized by the bacteria and excreted into the medium. Autoinducer excreted by Photobacterium fischeri strain MJ-1 was isolated from the cell-free medium by extraction with ethyl acetate, evaporation of solvent, workup with ethanol-water mixtures, and silica gel chromatography, followed by normal-phase and then reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The final product was greater than 99% pure. The structure of the autoinducer as determined by high-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry was N (3-oxohexanoly)-3-aminodihydro-2(3H)-furanone [or N-(beta-ketocaproyl)homoserine lactone]. The formation of homoserine by hydrolysis of the autoinducer was consistent with this structure. Synthetic autoinducer, obtained as a racemate, was prepared by coupling homoserine lactone to the ethylene glycol ketal of sodium 3-oxohexanoate, followed by mildly acidic removal of the protecting group; this synthetic material showed the appropriate biological activity. PMID- 7236616 TI - Dissection of the 66 000-dalton subunit of the acetylcholine receptor. AB - The 66 000-dalton or delta subunit of the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo marmorata was covalently labeled in the presence of carbamoylcholine by 5-azido [3H]trimethisoquin (5-A[3H]T), a photoaffinity derivative of the local anesthetic trimethisoquin. After the attack of purified receptor with increasing concentrations of trypsin, the delta chain successively yielded fragments with apparent molecular weights of 50 000 (distinct from the beta subunit and referred to as the 50 000-bis (fragment), 49 000, and 47 000. With nondenatured (sodium cholate solubilized or membrane-bound) receptor, the 47 000-dalton fragment was not sensitive to trypsin and contained all of the covalent 5-A[3H]T label. This fragment was still glycosylated and had the same amino acid N terminus, valine, as the intact delta chain. A specific in vitro phosphorylation site of the delta subunit was located between the 49 000- and 50 000-dalton trypsin cleavage fragment and most likely is exposed to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. A 16 000-dalton fragment of the delta chain was identified, which carriers a disulfide bond (or bonds) capable of cross-linking nonreduced receptor 9S monomerse into 12S dimers. The fragment did not remain associated with the receptor molecule after trypsin treatment. PMID- 7236615 TI - Interaction of the chick oviduct progesterone receptor with deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - The purified DNA binding component (receptor A) of the chick oviduct progesterone receptor has been analyzed for its ability to bind to the cloned ovalbumin gene and to plasmid DNA of various structural compositions. The rapid equilibrium filter adsorption assay of Riggs et al. [Riggs, A. D., Suzuki, H., & Bourgeois, S. (1970) J. Mol. Biol. 48, 67] has been used to demonstrate high affinity binding of the protein to DNA (Kdiss = 10(-10) M at 50 mM KCl, pH 7.2). Studies of association rates are consistent with equilibrium measurements (t 1/2 = 40-80 min). Association of purified receptor with DNA and the kinetics of the interaction have been verified independently by velocity sedimentation techniques. Direct binding assays were performed with the ovalbumin structural gene (cDNA), the entire natural ovalbumin gene containing seven intervening sequences, and various ovalbumin gene fragments coding for the 5' end of the nuclear precursor RNA, intron-exon junctions, and the 3'-noncoding region of the gene. No DNA-sequence specificity was identified for the binding of the receptor protein to any region of ovalbumin gene DNA. In contrast, the structural integrity of the DNA template greatly affected receptor binding. The poorest affinity was to supercoiled DNA and to blunt end, linear duplex gene fragments. The receptor bound saturably to DNA containing limited nicks but became nonsaturable as nicks were increased. Binding of the protein to double-stranded DNA increased susceptibility of the DNA to digestion by the enzyme S1, a single strand specific nuclease. On the basis of preferential receptor binding to single stranded DNA, a possible mechanism involving DNA helix destabilization is discussed. PMID- 7236619 TI - Single subunits of Sepharose-bound pyruvate kinase are inactive. AB - Bovine skeletal muscle pyruvate kinase was covalently coupled to Sepharose that had previously been activated by low concentrations of cyanogen bromide. Reaction conditions were chosen such that essentially all tetrameric enzyme molecules were covalently bound via a single subunit. Denaturation of the immobilized enzyme with guanidine hydrochloride followed by removal of noncovalently bound subunits amd denaturant resulted in essentially no enzymatic activity remaining bound to the resin. Thus, single immobilized subunits of bovine pyruvate kinase were inactive. Sepharose-bound enzymatic activity could be recovered by adding soluble renaturing enzyme subunits to the immobilized monomers. The former combine noncovalently with the latter, presumably resulting in re-formation of bound tetramers, and an average recovery of 61% of the original matrix-bound activity was observed. While interactions with other enzyme subunits appear to be necessary for catalytic activity of bovine muscle pyruvate kinase, these subunit interactions apparently can be provided by chemically modified subunits. Soluble, renaturing subunits from enzyme that had been inactivated by treatment with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid were able to interact with matrix-bound single subunits, thereby restoring the enzymatic activity of the latter. PMID- 7236617 TI - Regulation of bovine kidney alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex by calcium ion and adenine nucleotides. Effects on S0.5 for alpha-ketoglutarate. AB - Regulation of bovine kidney alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex by energy linked metabolites was investigated. Ca2+, ADP, or inorganic phosphate markedly enhanced the activity of the complex, and ATP or, to a lesser extent, GTP decreased the activity of the complex. Initial velocity studies with alpha ketoglutarate as the varied substrate demonstrated that these modulators induced large changes in S0.5 for alpha-ketoglutarate (based on analysis in Hill plots) with no change in the maximum velocity (as determined by double-reciprocal plots). For all conditions studied, the Hill coefficients were significantly less than 1.0 with slopes that were linear over wide ranges of alpha-ketoglutarate concentrations, indicating negative cooperativity that probably resulted from multiple site-site interactions. Ca2+ (maintained at 10 muM by a Ca2+ buffer) decreased the S0.5 for alpha-ketoglutarate 63-fold (from 25 to 0.40 mM); even in the presence of a positive effector, ADP or phosphate, Ca2+ decreased the S0.5 for alpha-ketoglutarate 7.8- or 28-fold, respectively. Consistent with a mechanism of action dependent of Ca2+, ADP (1.60 mM) or phosphate (20 mM) reduced the S0.5 for alpha-ketoglutarate in the presence of Ca2+ (i.e., 4.5- or 1.67 fold, respectively); however, these effectors elicited larger decreases in S0.5 in the absence of Ca2+ (i.e., 37- or 3.7-fold, respectively). ATP (1.6 mM) increased the S0.5 for alpha-ketoglutarate, and Ca2+ appreciably reduced the effect, lowering the S0.5 98-fold from 66 to 0.67 mM. Thus the activity of the kidney alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is poised to increase as the energy potential in mitochondria declines, and Ca2+ has a pronounced modulatory effect. Comparative studies on bovine heart alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and the effects of varying the ADP/ATP ratio in the presence or absence of Ca2+ or phosphate are also described. PMID- 7236618 TI - Polyamine-activated protein kinase reaction from nuclei and nucleoli of Physarum polycephalum which phosphorylates a unique Mr 70 000 nonhistone protein. AB - Methods are described for the detection and purification of a protein kinase from nuclei and nucleoli of Physarum polycephalum which catalyzed transfer of phosphate from [gamma-32P]ATP to a unique nonhistone protein of Mr 70 000 in a reaction that was polyamine dependent. Enzymatic phosphorylation of the nonhistone protein by the purified protein kinase was stimulated greatly, at times more than 60-fold, by the polyamines spermidine and spermine. This unique polyamine-dependent reaction was localized on the rDNA minichromosome of the nucleolus. The polyamine-dependent protein kinase, which was first partially purified with the acidic nonhistone protein fraction from isolated nucleoli, was resolved from at least six other protein kinases by phosphocellulose chromatography into a catalytic component of Mr 26 000 and a complex comprised of the catalytic component associated with a phosphate acceptor protein of Mr 70 000. The complex also catalyzed polyamine-dependent phosphorylation of the endogenous Mr 70 000 component. The resolved catalytic component catalyzed polyamine-dependent phosphorylation of a dephosphorylated Mr 70 000 nonhistone protein that had been independently isolated from nucleoli and previously demonstrated to have properties concordant with a specific regulatory role in rRNA gene transcription [Keuhn, G. D., Affolter, H. U., Atmar, V. J., Seebeck, T., Gubler, U., & Braun, R. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 2541-2545]. These studies indicate one way that the polyamines may regulate rRNA gene transcription through the mediation of a highly specific nonhistone protein kinase. PMID- 7236620 TI - Favored incorporation of tubercidin in poly(adenylic, 7-deazadenylic acids) and their function as messenger ribonucleic acids in protein synthesis. AB - The following polynucleotides containing the antibiotic tubercidin (Tu; 4-amino-7 beta-D-ribofuranosylpyrrolo-[2,3-d]pyrimidine) were enzymatically synthesized by polymerization of adenosine 5'-diphosphate-tubercidin 5'-diphosphate mixtures with polynucleotide phosphorylase: poly(A2,Tu), poly(A,Tu2), and poly(Tu). The incorporation of the antibiotic was favored by the enzyme. The polymers are compared to poly(adenylic acid) [poly(A)] with respect to their structure, conformation, and ability to direct polylysine synthesis in a ribosome-dependent protein synthesis system. From physical data (thermal melting, NMR, and circular dichroism) it is concluded that tubercidin destabilizes the structure of the polynucleotide chain and that this may be due to an altered polarization of the nucleobases and their enhanced rotation around the N-glycosylic bond. Since there is an apparent correlation between thermal unfolding of the polymers and their ability to mediate polylysine synthesis, it is suggested that partial destacking of the messenger ribonucleic acid favors its binding to the ribosome and/or its ability to enhance codon-anticodon-specific protein synthesis. PMID- 7236621 TI - Inactivation of L-lactate monooxygenase with 2,3-butanedione and phenylglyoxal. AB - L-Lactate monooxygenase from Mycobacterium phlei is inactivated by reaction either with 2,3-butanedione in borate or in 2,6-lutidine buffer or with phenyglyoxal in 2,6-lutidine buffer. The activation with 2.3 butanedione in borate buffer is irreversible in the presence of excess borate, but essentially complete recovery of activity occurs on exchange of phosphate for borate buffer. In 50 mM borate, inactivation with 2,3-butanedione exhibits saturation kinetics with respect to increasing concentrations of 2,3-butanedione, whereas second order kinetics for inactivation are seen in 200 mM borate. In 2.6-lutidine buffer, the inactivation is rapid, irreversible on change of buffer, and second order overall. Complete inactivation of the enzyme by phenylglyoxal in 2,6 lutidine buffer occurs on incorporation of 2 equiv of phenylglyoxal per subunit, but only one arginyl residue per subunit is modified. The inactivation is irreversible and second order in phenyglyoxal. There is substantial protection from inactivation in the presence of D-lactate, a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. It is suggested that an arginyl residue in the active site in L-lactate monooxygenase is involved in the binding of the carboxyl group of substrates to the enzyme. An explanation for the unusual kinetics of inactivation with 2,3 butanedione in borate and with phenylglyoxal in 2,6-lutidine is offered. PMID- 7236622 TI - Light-scattering investigation of the subunit dissociation of Homarus americanus hemocyanin. Effects of salts and ureas. AB - The subunit dissociation of the hemocyanin of the lobster, Homarus americanus, by the various salts of the Hofmeister series and the hydrophobic reagents of the urea-guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) class was investigated by laser light scattering molecular weight measurements. The dissociations of the hemocyanin dodecamers to hexamers by the various salts and the lower members of the urea series are found to be rapid and reversible, as predicted by the mass action law for monomer-dimer type of reactions. The salts are found to be very effective dissociating reagents with the unusual order of increasing effectiveness, Cl- less than Br- less than I- less than ClO4-, SCN-. The ureas and GdmCl are found to be relatively ineffective dissociating agents. In addition, the ureas show a decreasing order of effectiveness in going from urea to methyl-, ethyl-, and propylurea. This suggests that hydrophobic interactions are not the dominant stabilizing forces between the pairs of hexamers that form the dodecameric structure. Polar and ionic interactions appear to be the major stabilizing forces of the dodecameric structure. The use of equations derived for predicting the effects of dissociating reagents and salts on the structure of subunit proteins [Herskovits, T. T., & Ibanez, V. S. (1976) Biochemistry 15, 5715-5721] together with binding and Setschenow constants based on model amino acid data is found to give good account of the dissociation behavior observed with the salts, urea, and methylurea in the presence of calcium ion at both pH 7.8 and pH 9.5. The apparent number of amino acids at the contact areas of the hexamers, Napp, required to fit the dissociation data were found to be 24 +/- 8 at pH 7.8 and 23 +/- 4 at pH 9.5. However, because of the possible effects of molecular microheterogeneity, the estimates of amino acids at the contact areas must be viewed with caution, depending on further investigations. PMID- 7236623 TI - Pressure-induced reversible dissociation of enolase. AB - A study of the polarization of the intrinsic fluorescence and the fluorescence of dansyl conjugates of enolase shows that an increase in hydrostatic pressure, in the range of 1 bar-3 kbar, promotes the dissociation of this protein into dimers. The dissociation of oligomeric proteins under pressure is predicted to be a general phenomenon by a model that assumes the existence of small "free volumes" at the intersubunit boundaries. The same model predicts a dependence of the standard volume change in the dissociation reaction upon the pressure, owing to the additional surface compressibility of the monomers, and numerical analysis of the results clearly shows that dependence for enolase. For a midpoint dissociation pressure of 1.5 kbar the standard volume change in the dissociation reaction is delta V p0 = -65 +/- 8 mL mol-1 and the dependence of the volume change upon pressure (dVp0/dp) is approximately -30 mL mol-1 kbar-1. The reversibility of the pressure effects is shown to be better than 95% by either polarization or fluorescence spectrum recovery. The pressure perturbation of the fluorescence polarization is a method of general applicability to studies of protein aggregation, and it can be also of value in characterizing the effect of ligands on the aggregation of oligomeric proteins. PMID- 7236624 TI - Hydrophobic properties of phytochrome as probed by 8-anilinonaphthalene-1 sulfonate fluorescence. AB - 8-Anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (ANS) complexes with phytochrome, exhibiting a higher affinity for the Pfr form of phytochrome than for the Pr form. ANS fluorescence is enhanced by the additional binding of ANS to Pfr upon transformation of phytochrome from Pr to Pfr. The specific site of ANS binding appears to be the hydrophobic surface area of the protein, which becomes at least partially exposed in the Pfr form. An exposed, hydrophobic surface area in the Pfr phytochrome has been confirmed by the effects of ANS on the phototransformation of phytochrome. ANS accelerates the Pr leads to Pfr phototransformation, and it inhibits Pfr leads to Pr photoreversion and dark reversion. These effects are interpretable in terms of competitive binding of ANS to the chromophore binding site. Binding of ANS results in a drastic bleaching of the chromophore's absorption bands at 660 and 730 nm, particularly of the latter. This can be attributed to the exposed chromophore, which tends to resume a cyclic conformation with concomitant blue shift and hypochromism of the Qy bands. Sodium dithionite counteracts the inhibitory effects of ANS on the dark reversion of Pfr to Pr, and its effect on the biphasic kinetics of the reversion has been discussed in terms of the Pfr model proposed. PMID- 7236625 TI - Binding of imidazoles to manganese (III) protoporphyrin in water. AB - Equilibrium constants for the addition of water to manganese(III) protoporphyrin in acetone were measured at 21 degrees C by the visible absorption method. The binding constants of the first and second water molecules were determined to be 209 +/- 3 M-1 and 22 +/- 1 M-1, respectively. This observation suggests that in water the fifth and sixth coordination positions of manganese(III) protoporphyrin are coordinated by two water molecules and that manganese(III) protoporphyrin is monomeric. Addition of 1-methylimidazole and 2-methylimidazole to manganese(III) protoporphyrin in water was also investigated spectrophotometrically, and the respective monoimidazole adducts were found to be born in appreciable amounts. The binding constants of the first imidazole were 24.7 +/- 1.0 M-1 for 1 methylimidazole and 16.5 +/- 0.9 M-1 for 2-methylimidazole in 0.1 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer at pH 8.0 and 21 degrees C. The steric effect of the 2-methyl group in te aquomanganese(III) (2-methylimidazole) species is expected to mimic the proximal strain in the alpha subunits of human adult manganese(III) hemoglobin. The energy associated with the strain in the Mn(III) imidazole bond of the model complex was estimated to be 240 cal/mol. The small strain energy in the Mn-(III)-imidazole bond is easily tensed by a slight energy and implies that the major part of the quaternary transition energy in manganese(III) hemoglobin by inositol hexaphosphate binding is widely delocalized around the globin moiety, as has been proposed for hemoglobin. PMID- 7236626 TI - Elastin biosynthesis and cross-link formation in rabbit aortic smooth muscle cell cultures. AB - Rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells in culture produce insoluble elastin which can be purified by treatment with hot alkali. These cells, when maintained in the same flask for long periods of time, continue to accumulate elastin. Both desmosine and isodesmosine, cross-links unique to insoluble elastin, have also been found to increase with time in culture. The results from pulse-chase studies with radiolabeled proline and lysine confirm these observations. All the data indicate that the appearance of the desmosines in the elastin in these cell cultures is a relatively slow process, while the lysine-derived aldehydes appear quite rapidly. PMID- 7236628 TI - Role of DNA polymerase gamma in adenovirus DNA replication. Mechanism of inhibition by 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates. AB - In contrast to cellular or SV40 DNA replication, adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) or type 2 (Ad2) DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei is strongly inhibited by low concentrations of 2',3'-dideoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate (ddTTP). On the basis of differential sensitivity of cellular DNA polymerases, a role of DNA polymerase gamma in adenovirus DNA replication has been proposed. We have investigated the mechanism of inhibition of adenovirus DNA synthesis, using [alpha-32P]ddTTP and other dNTP analogues. Both ddATP and ddGTP were as inhibitory as ddTTP, while ddCTP had an even stronger effect on adenovirus DNA replication. DNA polymerase alpha was resistant to all four ddNTP's, while DNA polymerase gamma was very sensitive. The inhibition by ddTTP in isolated infected nuclei was slowly reversible. [alpha-32P]ddTTP was incorporated into Ad5 DNA as a chain-terminating nucleotide, and the analogue could be used as a substrate by DNA polymerase gamma. Under similar conditions, incorporation in cellular DNA or using DNA polymerase alpha was not observed. The nucleoside analogues ddA and ddC suppressed adenovirus. DNA replication in intact cells and reduced plaque formation. These results provide further evidence for a function of DNA polymerase gamma in adenovirus DNA synthesis. PMID- 7236627 TI - Five structurally related proteins from affinity-purified Maclura pomifera lectin. AB - Affinity-purified Maclura pomifera lectin (MPL) elutes from a gel filtration column as a single symmetrical peak with characteristics expected for a single protein of approximately 40 000 daltons. This material can be dissociated into two dissimilar polypeptide chains of approximately 10 000 daltons. Ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose resolves affinity-purified MPL into five components. These proteins are structurally related and contain varying proportions of the two polypeptide chains. Two of these tetrameric lectins, each composed solely of one of these chains, display differences in mobility during discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ion-exchange chromatography, but display no detectable differences in hemagglutination of human erythrocytes and interactions with carbohydrates. PMID- 7236629 TI - Chemical modification of ribonucleic acid. A direct study by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - Direct study of the methylation of ribonucleic acid with methyl methanesulfonate by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has demonstrated the usefulness of this method in studying the chemical modification of biomacro molecules and the interaction between nucleic acids and biologically active agents. This direct stable isotope method eliminated all tedious and questionable degradation processes for determining the reactive sites and the product distributions. Six methylated products, 7-methylguanosine, 1-methyladenosine, 3 methylcytidine, 1-methylguanosine, 3-methyluridine, and methyl phosphodiester, were identified by comparison with many model compounds and careful examination of spin-spin coupling and spin-lattice relaxation time. An extensive study of the interaction of phosphate buffer with methyl methansulfonate accounted for the sharp difference in the 13C spectra of the methylated RNA isolated from the reactions controlled by a pH-stat and phosphate buffer, respectively. The 13C enriched agent significantly enhances the specificity and sensitivity of the method and provides better quantitative results. PMID- 7236631 TI - Investigation of the dependence of the intramitochondrial [ATP]/[ADP] ratio on the respiration rate. AB - The relationship between the respiration rate and the intra- and extramitochondrial adenine nucleotides was investigated in isolated rat liver mitochondria. For the determination of adenine nucleotide patterns in both compartments a new procedure was developed, based on the evaluation of these metabolites from incubation of various amounts of mitochondria under identical stationary states of oxidative phosphorylation. These identical states were adjusted by addition of appropriate amounts of hexokinase to a glucose-containing incubation mixture. Adenine nucleotides were measured in aliquots of the total extract of the incubation mixture without any separation. The concentrations of the adenine nucleotides in both compartments were obtained from a plot of the total concentration of these species versus mitochondrial protein. Disturbances of this method by unspecific efflux of adenine nucleotides could be excluded. The results obtained for the total adenine nucleotide content (12 nmol . mg-1 protein) and the intramitochondrial [ATP]/[ADP] ratio (about 4 in the resting state) are in good agreement with data obtained by other methods. Strong evidence is provided for a decrease in the intramitochondrial [ATP]/[ADP] ratio with increasing rate of oxygen consumption. Therefore it is not necessary to assume a microcompartmentation of the intramitochondrial adenine nucleotide pool in respect to the ATPase reaction and the adenine nucleotide translocation. PMID- 7236630 TI - Porphyrin-sensitized photodynamic damage of isolated rat liver mitochondria. AB - The respiration rates and the respiratory control ratios of isolated rat liver mitochondria have been measured following exposure to 0--160 kJ/m2 of near ultraviolet radiation (blacklight) in the presence of low concentrations of porphyrins (0.1--0.2 mumol/l). Depending on the light dose, the concentration and the type of porphyrin, the following sequence of reactions occurred: uncoupling and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, energy dissipation, inhibition of respiration and swelling and disruption of the mitochondria. The detrimental effects could not be elicited in the absence of oxygen, neither could they be elicited by porphyrins or light alone. At equimolar concentrations, the effectiveness of the porphyrins as photosensitizers were: deuteroporphyrin greater than protoporphyrin much greater than coproporphyrin greater than uroporphyrin. The results may be of importance to explain the skin lesions seen when porphyrins of different hydrophobicity accumulate in the skin. PMID- 7236632 TI - Study of electrogenic electron transfer steps in chromatophore membrane of Chromatium vinosum by the response of merocyanin dye. AB - 1. Electrogenic steps in photosynthetic cyclic electron transport in chromatophore membrane of Chromatium vinosum were studied by measuring absorption changes of added merocyanin dye and of intrinsic carotenoid. 2. The change in dye absorbance was linear with the membrane potential change induced either by light excitation or by application of diffusion potential by adding valinomycin in the presence of K+ concentration gradient. 3. It was estimated that chromatophore membrane became 40--60 mV and 110--170 mV inside positive upon single and multiple excitations with single-turnover flashes, respectively, from the responses of the dye and the carotenoid. 4. Electron transfers between cytochrome c-555 or c-552 and reaction center bacteriochlorophyll dimer (BChl2) and between BChl2 and the primary electron acceptor were concluded to be electrogenic from the redox titration of the dye response. 5. No dye response which corresponded to the change of redox level of cytochrome b was observed in the titration curve. Addition of antimycin A slightly decreased the dye response. 6. The dye response was decreased under phosphorylating conditions. 7. From the results obtained localization of the electron transfer components in chromatophore membrane is discussed. PMID- 7236633 TI - Spectral and functional comparisons between the carotenoids of the two antenna complexes of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. AB - The spectral and functional properties of carotenoids associated with each of the two light-harvesting complexes of the Rhodopseudomonas capsulata photosynthetic antenna system have been distinguished by studying mutants lacking one or the other complex. In mutants containing only the light-harvesting I complex (LH-I), the absorption spectrum of the carotenoids is blue-shifted compared to wild type. Carotenoid absorption in mutants possessing only the light-harvesting II complex (LH-II) complex is red-shifted. The circular dichroism spectrum of carotenoids in each complex is also distinctive. Although carotenoids in each complex function with approximately the same efficiency in harvesting and transmitting light energy for photosynthesis, only the carotenoids associated with LH-II undergo an electrochromic bandshift upon generation of a transmembrane potential. These observations are interpreted to indicate that both the orientation of carotenoid molecules with respect to the plane of the membrane, and the immediate electrochemical environment of these molecules differ in the two light-harvesting complexes. PMID- 7236635 TI - Fluorescence emission spectra of cells and subcellular preparations of a green photosynthetic bacterium. Effects of dithionite on the intensity of the emission bands. AB - Fluorescence emission spectra were measured of intact cells and subcellular preparations of the green photosynthetic bacterium Prosthecochloris aestuarii in the presence and in the absence of dithionite. A 3--5-fold increase in bacteriochlorophyll a fluorescence at 816 nm occurred upon addition of dithionite in a membrane vesicle preparation (Complex I), in a photochemically active pigment-protein complex and in a bacteriochlorophyll a protein complex free from reaction centers. The pigment-protein complex showed a relatively strong long wave emission band (835 nm) of bacteriochlorophyll a, which was preferentially excited by light absorbed at 670 nm and was not stimulated by dithionite. With Complex I, which contains some bacteriochlorophyll c in addition to bacteriochlorophyll a, a 3--4-fold stimulation of bacteriochlorophyll c emission was also observed. Emission bands at shorter wavelengths, probably due to artefacts, were quenched by dithionite. With intact cells, the effect of dithionite was smaller, and consisted mainly of an increase of bacteriochlorophyll a emission. The results indicate that the strong increase in the yield of bacteriochlorophyll emission that occurred upon generating reducing conditions is, at least mainly, due to a direct effect on the light-harvesting systems, and does not involve the reaction center as had been earlier postulated. PMID- 7236634 TI - Fluorescence emission by wild-type- and mutant-strains of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. AB - Absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, strains 37b4 (wild type), A1a+ (blue-green mutant strain), Y5 (phototroph negative, having only B-800--850 bacteriochlorophyll-carotenoid-protein complex) at 4 K, 77 K and 300 K were measured. The fluorescence emission at 890 nm of the B-870 bacteriochlorophyll band dominates the emission of other spectral forms of the strains 37b4 and A1a+, while in strain Y5 a fluorescence emission band at 865 nm of the B-850 bacteriochlorophyll dominates. Very little fluorescence was observed at 805 nm. A linear relation between relative fluorescence intensity and the exciting light intensity was observed. The integrated fluorescence yield increased as the temperature was lowered from 300 K to 4 K. The results are discussed in the light of the arrangement of pigment molecules in the membrane and the process of energy migration within the photosynthetic apparatus. PMID- 7236636 TI - Fluorescence and energy transfer in phycobiliprotein-containing algae at low temperature. AB - Fluorescence emission spectra of Anacystis nidulans, Porphyridium cruentum and Cyanidium caldarium, three phycobiliprotein-containing algae, were measured at temperatures between 4 and 120 K in the absence and in the presence of quinones as quenchers of chlorophyll fluorescence. In all species three major emission bands were observed in the chlorophyll a region, near 685 nm (F-685), 695 nm (F 695) and between 710 and 730 nm. Additional bands were observed at shorter wavelengths; these were preferentially excited by light absorbed by the phycobiliproteins and are presumably due to phycocyanins and allophycocyanins. The amplitudes of F-685, F-695 and the long-wave emission showed a distinct increase upon cooling. For F-685 and F-695 the temperature dependence was similar to that earlier observed with spinach chloroplasts, for the long-wave emission it appeared to depend on the location of the emission bands, which was different for different species. All three bands were strongly quenched by quinones. These and other data suggest that the origin of these bands is the same as in higher plants, and that the fluorescence increase upon cooling can be explained by a lowering of the efficiency of energy transfer between chlorophyll molecules. It is concluded that at most a small percentage of the emission at 685 nm can be ascribed to allophycocyanin B, and that the efficiency of energy transfer between allophycocyanin B and chlorophyll a probably exceeds 99% both at 77 and 4 K. Experiments with isolated phycobilisomes suggest that energy transfer from allophycocyanin to allophycocyanin B occurs with an efficiency of about 90% at low temperature. The effect of quenchers can be understood by the assumption that the quenching is caused by the formation of non-fluorescent traps in the bulk chlorophyll. Of three quinones tested, the strongest quenching was observed with dibromothymoquinone, which quenched F-685, F-695 and the long-wave emission approximately equally. Menadione and 1,4-naphthoquinone, however, preferentially quenched the long-wave bands, indicating a stronger interaction with Photosystem I than with Photosystem II chlorophylls. PMID- 7236637 TI - Orientation of the hemes of high potential cytochromes relative to photosynthetic membranes, as shown by the linear dichroism of oriented preparations. AB - The orientations of high potential cytochromes with respect to photosynthetic membranes was investigated in spinach chloroplasts and in Rhodopseudomonas viridis. The general approach consists in detection with polarized light of photoinduced absorbance changes related to the oxidation of the cytochromes. The orientation of cytochrome c-558 was measured at room temperature in chromatophores and whole cells of Rps. viridis, oriented on glass slides and in a magnetic field, respectively. The orientation of cytochrome b-559 of green plants was detected at 77 K in magnetically oriented chloroplasts. In both cases the dichroic ratio for the alpha band shows that the heme plane makes an angle greater than 35 degrees C with the membrane plane. Moreover, the dichroic ratio is not constant throughout the alpha and beta bands, for both cytochrome c-558 and b-559. Linear dichroism spectra of oriented pure horse heart cytochrome c and cytochrome c2 of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides in stretched polyvinyl alcohol films show that the variations of the dichroic ratio in the alpha and beta bands can be explained by the occurrence of x- and y-polarized transitions absorbing at slightly different wavelengths. PMID- 7236638 TI - Quantum yield and rate of formation of the carotenoid triplet state in photosynthetic structures. AB - The formation of the triplet state of carotenoids (detected by an absorption peak at 515 nm) and the photo-oxidation of the primary donor of Photosystem II, P-680 (detected by an absorption increase at 820 nm) have been measured by flash absorption spectroscopy in chloroplasts in which the oxygen evolution was inhibited by treatment with Tris. The amount of each transient form has been followed versus excitation flash intensity (at 590 or 694 nm). At low excitation energy the quantum yield of triplet formation (with the Photosystem II reaction center in the state Q-) is about 30% that of P-680 photo-oxidation. The yield of carotenoid triplet formation is higher in the state Q- than in the state Q, in nearly the same proportion as chlorophyll alpha fluorescence. It is concluded that, for excited chlorophyll alpha, the relative rates of intersystem crossing to the triplet state and of fluorescence emission are the same in vivo as in organic solvent. At high flash intensity the signal of P-680+ completely saturates, whereas that of carotenoid triplet continues to increase. The rate of triplet-triplet energy transfer from chlorophyll alpha to carotenoids has been derived from the rise time of the absorption change at 515 nm, in chloroplasts and in several light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes. In all cases the rate is very high, around 8 . 10(7) s-1 at 294 K. It is about 2--3 times slower at 5 K. The transitory formation of chlorophyll triplet has been verified in two pigment-protein complexes, at 5 K. PMID- 7236639 TI - Photoacoustic detection of photosynthetic activities in isolated broken chloroplasts. AB - Methodology and demonstration how to utilize the photoacoustic technique in photosynthesis research are presented. Photoacoustic signals were obtained from suspensions of isolated broken chloroplasts. In the presence of strong, continuous (non-modulated) background light the signals were normally larger than without the background light. The effect of the background light was saturable and was absent when non-active (e.g. heat-treated) samples were used, showing that the normal smaller signal in the absence of background light is a genuine reflection of the loss of heat due to the competing photochemistry. The effect of the background light is to close the reaction-centers and hence to inhibit the photochemical process. The percent difference of the photoacoustic signal (+/- background light) is taken as a measure of the photochemical activity ('photochemical loss'). Initial results demonstrate the wavelength dependence of the 'photochemical loss'. As expected there was a 'red-drop' decrease of the 'photochemical loss' for lambda greater than 690 nm, when the cofactor methyl viologen was present. Surprisingly, however, there was a 'red-rise' increase for lambda greater than 690 nm when no cofactor was present. These findings indicate that under the last conditions there is an unsuspected photoactivity of PS I which was not detected hitherto by the conventional techniques. The dependence on the background light intensity confirms this result. This photoactivity can be explained tentatively as a cyclic electron flow around PS I, present without any added cofactor. Initial results on the modulation frequency dependence in the presence of electron acceptors are also demonstrated. PMID- 7236640 TI - The role of histidine-42 in the oxidation-reduction mechanism of Chromatium vinosum high potential iron-sulfur protein. AB - The second order rate constants for the oxidation of high potential iron-sulfur protein (Hipip) of Chromatium vinosum by ferricyanide were determined as a function of ionic strength and pH. From the ionic strength results, calculations were done to correct the rate constant at each pH for the electrostatic interactions between Hipip and ferricyanide. The electrostatic corrections are necessary since the charge of the protein changes as a function of pH and can mask the ionization of mechanistically important amino acid residues. An apparent pKa congruent to 7 was obtained from electrostatically corrected rate-pH profile, indicating the possible participation of histidine. Perturbation difference spectroscopic studies of Hipip as a function of pH also gave apparent pKa values of 6.9 and 6.7 for the reduced and oxidized protein, respectively. That it was indeed His 42 (the only His in the polypeptide) that was responsible for the kinetic and spectroscopic pKa values was demonstrated by modification of His 42 of Hipip by the histidine selective reagent diethylpyrocarbonate. No modification of Tyr 19 could be detected. It is concluded that either deprotonation or modification of His 42 results in the destabilization of the reduced cluster and thus a faster rate of oxidation. This work provides the first experimental evidence of the 'squeeze effect' mechanism (Carter, C.W., Jr., Kraut, J., Freer, S.T. and Alden, R.A. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 6339--6346) in which the polypeptide directly modulates the stability of the iron-sulfur cluster. PMID- 7236641 TI - Evidence for complexed plastocyanin as the immediate electron donor of P-700. AB - The reduction of P-700 by its electron donors shows two fast phases with half times of 20 and 200 mus in isolated spinach chloroplasts. We have studied this electron transfer and the oxidation kinetics of cytochrome f. Incubation of chloroplasts with KCN or HgCl2 decreased the amplitude of the 20 mus phase. This provides evidence for a function of plastocyanin as the immediate electron donor of P-700. At low concentrations of salt and sugar the fast phases of P-700+ reduction were largely inhibited. Increasing concentrations of MgCl2, KCl and sorbitol (up to 5, 150 and 200 mM, respectively) were found to increase the relative amplitudes of the fast phases to about one-third of the total P-700 signal. Addition of both 3 mM MgCl2 and 200 mM sorbitol increased the relative amplitude of the 20 mus phase to 70%. The interaction between P-700 and plastocyanin is concluded to be favoured by a low internal volume of the thylakoids and compensation of surface charges of the membrane. The half-time of 20 mus was not changed when the amplitude of this phase was altered either by salt and sorbitol, or by inhibition of plastocyanin. This is evidence for the existence of a complex between plastocyanin and P-700 with a lifetime long compared to the measuring time. The 200 mus phase exhibited changes in its half time that indicated the participation of a more mobile pool of plastocyanin. Cytochrome f was oxidized with a biphasic time course with half-times of 70--130 mus and 440--860 mus at different salt and sorbitol concentrations. The half-time of the faster phase and a short lag of 30--50 mus in the beginning of the kinetics indicate an oxidation of cytochrome f via the 20 mus electron transfer to P-700. An inhibition of this oxidation by MgCl2 suggests that the electron transfer from cytochrome f to complexed plastocyanin is not controlled by negative charges in contrast to that from plastocyanin to P-700. PMID- 7236642 TI - NMR relaxivity changes in chloroplast suspensions. Effects of NH2OH and of treatments altering the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. AB - Treatments (illumination, chemical oxidation or reduction) which are potentially capable of producing paramagnetic centers in chloroplast thylakoid membranes do not produce enhancements of the proton magnetic relaxivities of these preparations. However, exposure of thylakoid membranes to varying concentrations of hydroxylamine induces a time-dependent increase in relaxivity for which the steady-state magnitude is dependent on hydroxylamine concentration. The appearance of relaxivity is correlated kinetically with inactivation of oxygen evolving centers; in addition both processes show a threshold effect with respect to hydroxylamine concentration. Kinetic analyses of these hydroxylamine-induced effects suggest that at low (less than or equal to 100 microM) and at intermediate (200--500 microM) concentrations, hydroxylamine extraction is partially counteracted by a reverse process that reactivates oxygen-evolving centers in the dark. PMID- 7236643 TI - Lateral heterogeneity in the distribution of chlorophyll-protein complexes of the thylakoid membranes of spinach chloroplasts. AB - The lateral distribution of the main chlorophyll-protein complexes between appressed and non-appressed thylakoid membranes has been studied. The reaction centre complexes of Photosystems I and II and the light-harvesting complex have been resolved by an SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic method which permits most of the chlorophyll to remain protein-bound. The analyses were applied to subchloroplast fractions shown to be derived from different thylakoid regions. Stroma thylakoids were separated from grana stacks by centrifugation following chloroplast disruption by press treatment or digitonin. Vesicles derived from the grana partitions were isolated by aqueous polymer two-phase partition. A substantial depletion in the amount of Photosystem I chlorophyll-protein complex and an enrichment in the Photosystem II reaction centre complex and the light harvesting complex occurrred in the appressed grana partition region. The high enrichment in this fraction compared to grana stack fractions derived from press or digitonin-treatments, suggests that the grana Photosystem I is restricted mainly to the non-appressed grana end membranes and margins, and that the grana partitions possess mainly Photosystem II reaction centre complex and the light harvesting complex. In contrast, stroma thylakoids are highly enriched in the Photosystem I reaction centre complex. They possess also some 10--20% of the total Photosystem II reaction centre complex and the light-harvesting complex. The ratio of light-harvesting complex to Photosystem II reaction centre complex is rather constant in all subchloroplast fractions suggesting a close association between these complexes. This was not so for the ratio of light-harvesting complex and the Photosystem I reaction centre complex. The lateral heterogeneity in the distribution of the photosystems between appressed and non-appressed membranes must have a profound impact on current understanding of both the distribution of excitation energy and photosynthetic electron transport between the photosystems. PMID- 7236644 TI - Resonance Raman spectroscopy of chemically modified and isotopically labelled purple membranes. I. A critical examination of the carbon-nitrogen vibrational modes. AB - Resonance Raman spectra of bacteriorhodopsin are compared to the spectra of this protein modified in the following ways: (1) selective deuteration at the C-15 carbon atom of retinal, (2) full deuteration of the retinal, (3) the addition of a conjugated double bond in the beta-ionone ring (3-dehydroretinal), (4) full deuteration of the protein and lipid components, (5) 15N enrichment of the entire membrane and (6) deuteration of the entire membrane (including the retinal). A detailed comparison of the 15N-enriched membrane and naturally occurring purple membrane from 800 cm-1 to 1700 cm-1 reveals that 15N enrichment affects the frequency of only two vibrational modes. These occur at 1642 cm-1 and 1620 cm-1 in naturally occurring purple membrane and at 1628 cm-1 and 1615 cm-1 in the 15N enriched samples. Therefore, this pair of bands reflects the states of protonation of the Schiff base. However, our data also indicate that neither of these modes are simple, localized C=N-H or C=N stretching vibrations. In the case of the 1642 cm-1 band motions of the retinal chain beyond C-15 are not significantly involved. On the other hand, in the 1620 cm-1 band atomic motions in the isoprenoid chain beyond C-15 are involved. PMID- 7236645 TI - Resonance Raman spectroscopy of chemically modified and isotopically labelled purple membranes. II. Kinetic studies. AB - Kinetic resonance Raman spectra of native and isotopically labelled purple membranes are compared. Using these data and the assignments of the previous paper in this sequence, we have confirmed that the Schiff base is deprotonated at times that are short in comparison to M412 evolution. In addition, by monitoring the kinetic resonance Raman spectra in 2H2O with 488.0 nm excitation we have been able to characterize in more detail the vibrational features associated with this unprotonated intermediate that precedes M412. Furthermore, the kinetic spectra of fully deuterated purple membrane in H2O have allowed us to assign the 1465 cm-1 band in these spectra to the C=C stretching frequency of BR570 and the 1512 cm-1 band to the C=C stretching frequency of M412. These spectra have also provided an indication of a Raman spectral feature associated with O640 and, finally, our kinetic spectra have provided evidence that there is a significant alteration in the rate constants for the evolution of the various intermediates when the non exchangeable protons on the membrane are replaced by deuterons. PMID- 7236646 TI - Rhodamine 6G, inhibitor of both H+-ejections from mitochondria energized with ATP and with respiratory substrates. AB - Rhodamine 6G inhibited ATP hydrolysis by oligomycin-sensitive ATPase, purified from rat liver mitochondria, in good accord with the dose-response curve for its inhibition of energy transduction of ATP synthesis in mitochondria, but it did not inhibit ATP hydrolysis by purified F1. Rhodamine 6G also inhibited both H+ ejections from mitochondria energized with respiratory substrates and with ATP. The present findings show that the inhibitory effect of rhodamine 6G on energy transduction is not due to a modification of the transport system for adenine nucleotides, Pi, and respiratory substrates, and that the inhibition sites of rhodamine 6G are on components related with H+-ejection by redox components and also on F0. PMID- 7236647 TI - Very low density lipoprotein binding to adipocytes. AB - Human very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) has been found to interact with both isolated adipocytes and adipocyte membranes in a manner which is saturable, reversible and dependent on time and temperature. Except for a difference in maximum binding capacity, a similar pattern is seen with both rat epididymal adipocytes and human omental adipocytes. The capacity of rat cells is 0.04 micrograms VLDL per 2 x 10(5) cells. For human cells the capacity is 0.321 micrograms VLDL per 2 x 10(5) cells. Scatchard plots of the competition data are linear. This, and dissociation studies conducted in the presence or absence of unlabelled VLDL suggest that there is no cooperative interaction between the binding sites. Unlabelled VLDL and HDL each compete equally with 125I-labelled VLDL for binding sites. LDL is 25 times weaker as a competitor. Intralipid and unrelated peptides have no effect. These data suggest that the ligand is not apolipoprotein B and not apolipoprotein A. The competitive effect of HDL is not dependent on its apolipoprotein E content. A preparation of C apolipoproteins (75% C-11) is as potent as unlabelled VLDL in competing with 125I-labelled VLDL for binding sites. These data indicate that VLDL can bind to adipocytes. The receptor can interact with other lipoproteins. If differs from the LDL receptor as it does not interact with apolipoprotein B or apolipoprotein E, but binds to a C apolipoprotein. PMID- 7236648 TI - Regulation of palmitate esterification/oxidation by glucagon in isolated hepatocytes: the role of alpha-glycerophosphate concentration. AB - Lipolysis was measured as the disappearance of [3H]glycerol previously incorporated into triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. There was no effect of glucagon on the lipolysis of any of these lipids. A transient increase in cellular alpha-glycerophosphate was induced by addition of glycerol during incubation. This resulted in an immediate and temporary decrease in oxidation and increase in esterification of palmitate while the uptake of palmitate from the incubation medium was unchanged. The change in alpha glycerophosphate was also correlated with a transient drop in acyl-CoA and acylcarnitine. The lactate/pyruvate ratio was increased by the glycerol addition, but was still elevated for some while after the transient change in alpha glycerophosphate. Similar effects were obtained by addition of dihydroxyacetone instead of glycerol. It is concluded that fatty acid esterification/oxidation can be changed by variations in the concentration of alpha-glycerophosphate, and that glucagon acts on lipid metabolism by decreasing the level of this metabolite. PMID- 7236649 TI - Studies of a phospholipase B from Penicillium notatum: substrate specificity and properties of active site. PMID- 7236650 TI - Characteristics of triacylglycerol and partial acylglycerol hydrolysis by human plasma lipoprotein lipase. AB - The rates of reaction of human lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34) with triacylglycerol and partial acylglycerol substrates have been compared as a function of the concentration of lipase cofactor protein (apolipoprotein C-II). The data indicate that the dissociation constant for monoacylglycerol is approximately three orders of magnitude greater than for diacylglycerols, indicating that only when the concentrations of higher acylglycerols become vanishingly small will significant monoacylglycerol hydrolysis (from 1 monoacylglycerol generated by isomerization of the 2-substituted primary product) be mediated by the lipase. This is in spite of the fact that maximal reaction velocities with each of the potential substrates are similar. A 'lipolytic cycle' is proposed to explain binding and dissociation of substrates with cofactor lipase complex during catabolism of triacylglycerols. PMID- 7236652 TI - Characterization of two gangliosides of the paragloboside series from chicken skeletal muscle. AB - Two glucosamine-containing gangliosides, a ceramide pentasaccharide and ceramide heptasaccharide, have been purified from the gangliosides of chicken skeletal muscle. The lipids were extracted with a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and aqueous KCl and purified by anion-exchange and silicic acid column chromatography. Their structures were determined by specific enzymatic hydrolysis and methylation analysis. The proposed structures are sialosyl derivates of: (a) paragloboside, and (b) paragloboside with an additional lactosamine disaccharide: (a) NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcCer, (b) NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcCer. The long base was predominantly sphingosine and the acyl groups were mainly palmitate, stearate and oleate. PMID- 7236651 TI - Tween-20 increases the immunoreactivity of apolipoprotein A-I in plasma. AB - Tween-20 (polyoxyethylene 20), a trademark for a sorbitan polyoxyalkalene derivative is used as an emulsifier and detergent. In present studies, we report that Tween-20 is able to reduce the nonspecific binding of radiolabeled apolipoprotein A-I to test tubes. It also enhances the specific binding of 125I labeled apolipoprotein A-I to anti-apolipoprotein A-I antibodies. Maximal enhancement was achieved at a Tween-20 concentration greater than 0.08%. The results were confirmed by using two different antisera raised in rabbits and goats. Since the immunoreactivity of apolipoprotein A-I in plasma cannot be fully detected by a conventional radioimmunoassay procedure, we have, therefore, studied the effect of Tween-20 on the immunoreactivity of apolipoprotein A-I in plasma. As determined by inhibition radioimmunoassay, we found that Tween-20 drastically increased the immunoreactivity of apolipoprotein A-I using both rabbit and goat antisera. The maximal reactivity was achieved at a Tween-20 concentration of 0.32%. However, Tween-20 did not enhance the immunoreactivity of delipidated plasma. Thus, the results indicate that the plasma lipids may hamper apolipoprotein A-I immunoreactivity and suggest that the nonionic detergent, Tween-20, somehow interacted with HDL lipids or the apolipoproteins and then facilitated the reaction of antigenic reactive site(s) of apolipoprotein A-I with their antibodies. PMID- 7236653 TI - The contribution of serum phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine to lymph phosphatidylcholine. AB - 1. The contribution of serum phosphatidylcholine and 1-acyl lysophosphatidylcholine to chylomicron and mesenteric lymph lipoproteins of heavier buoyant density was studied in rats with catheters placed in the jugular vein, duodenum, common bile duct and mesenteric lymph duct. The effect of including 10 mM phosphatidylcholine in the triolein emulsion infused into the duodenum was also studied. 2. The intravenous infusion of phosphatidylcholine did not affect delivery of phosphatidylcholine into the lymph when phosphatidylcholine was included in the duodenal infusion. However, on intravenous lysophosphatidylcholine infusion, phosphatidylcholine transport into the lymph was increased both in chylomicrons and the other lipoproteins found in the lymph when phosphatidylcholine was included in the duodenal infusion. 3. The incorporation of serum phosphatidylcholine into chylomicron phosphatidylcholine was minimal and decreased further by intraduodenal phosphatidylcholine infusion. Incorporation into the heavier lymph lipoproteins was less than 20%. 4. The incorporation of serum lysophosphatidylcholine into chylomicrons was 17% at 4--6 h of infusion which was decreased by intraduodenal phosphatidylcholine as was the incorporation into the heavier lipoproteins of lymph. 5. It is concluded that serum phosphatidylcholine is a poor precursor of chylomicron phosphatidylcholine and that while lysophosphatidylcholine is a somewhat better precursor, its contribution to chylomicron phosphatidylcholine is limited by its serum concentration. PMID- 7236654 TI - Influence of lipoprotein concentration on the exchanges of triacylglycerol between rabbit plasma low density and high density lipoproteins. AB - Molecular exchanges of triacylglycerol between rabbit serum low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) have been studied in 37 degrees C incubations performed in the presence of rabbit lipoprotein-free serum as a source of the triacylglycerol transfer protein. The molar rate of exchange of triacylglycerol between the two fractions increased with increasing incubation concentrations of LDL but was decreased as the HDL concentration was increased. When the concentration of both LDL and HDL was increased in parallel there was an increase in the molar rate of triacylglycerol exchange between the two fractions which flattened at higher concentrations, suggesting that the process was saturable. Fractionation of rabbit lipoprotein-free serum on a column of Sephadex G-200 resulted in the elution of the triacylglycerol transfer activity in a single peak. Addition of LDL to the lipoprotein-free serum had no effect on the position of elution of the triacylglycerol transfer activity. Addition of HDL, however, resulted in an elution of the transfer activity as two peaks, one in the original position and the other in the same position as HDL. The results of the kinetic studies have been interpreted in terms of a binding of the triacylglycerol transfer protein to HDL, but not to LDL. PMID- 7236655 TI - Lipoprotein regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in cultured intestinal mucosa. AB - In vitro regulation of the key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34), was studied in 24-h organ culture of rabbit ileum. Preincubation of mucosal homogenate in phosphate buffer increased apparent reductase activity more than 5-fold. The activation was blocked in the presence of 150 mM NaF, suggesting interconversion of latent reductase by dephosphorylation. No significant further activation was achieved by potato phosphatase treatment. During culture total reductase activity was stimulated by 125% in lipoprotein-free medium. Addition of low density lipoprotein to the medium resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of reductase activity between 0.2 and 1.0 mM lipoprotein cholesterol. At these concentrations LDL inhibition reached 51 and 75% of control, respectively. The reductase response to very low density and high density lipoproteins was biphasic, with a 2- to 3-fold stimulation at 0.1-0.3 mM and a suppression at higher levels. No such stimulation was observed with high density lipoproteins obtained from cholesterol fed animals. Similarly, 'hypercholesterolemic' very low density lipoproteins enhanced reductase activity only slightly. It is concluded that lipoproteins are potent regulators of cholesterol synthesis in cultured intestine. PMID- 7236657 TI - Modulation of cytoplasmic cholesteryl ester of smooth muscle cells in culture derived from rat, rabbit and bovine aorta. AB - Esterification of cholesterol in smooth muscle cells, isolated from rat, rabbit and bovine aorta, was achieved by incubation with cholesterol enriched medium containing [7(n)-3H]cholesterol. The newly formed cholesteryl ester was readily hydrolyzed when the cells were post-incubated with medium containing lipoprotein deficient serum. The rate of loss of labeled cholesteryl ester was not inhibited by the presence of 100 microM chloroquine. Addition of LDL to the post-incubation medium retarded the decrease in labeled cellular cholesteryl ester in rat smooth muscle cells and this effect of LDL was abolished by chloroquine. In bovine and rabbit smooth muscle cells, enriched in cholesteryl ester, addition of LDL to post-incubation medium resulted in an increase in labeled cholesteryl ester and in cholesteryl ester mass. Retardation in the loss of labeled cellular cholesteryl ester occurred also on addition of oleic acid to the post-incubation medium. In the presence of HDL and especially of high density apolipoprotein sphingomyelin liposomes there was an efflux of cellular free cholesterol and a reduction in cholesteryl ester. These findings indicate that the catabolism of cytoplasmic cholesteryl ester in aortic smooth muscle cells is catalyzed by extralysosomal enzymes. The cytoplasmic cholesteryl ester hydrolase is apparently not activated by cyclic AMP. The intracellular availability of unesterified cholesterol, which can be modulated by plasma lipoproteins, may determine the residence time of cellular cholesteryl ester. Thus under pathological conditions an increase in extracellular LDL accompanied by a reduction in HDL would prolong the residence time of cholesteryl esters and thus promote their intracellular accretion. PMID- 7236656 TI - Fatty acid secretion and metabolism in 'activated' rabbit alveolar macrophages. AB - The lipid content of bronchoalveolar lavages collected from both control rabbits and rabbits undergoing a pulmonary inflammatory response induced by intravenous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant was examined. A maximum of 4 x 10(8) alveolar macrophages could be recovered from the lavage of injected rabbits, a 10 fold greater number of cells than could be obtained from control rabbits. Increased amounts of unsaturated free fatty acids were present in the lavage lipids of injected rabbits, and no change in the amount and degree of saturation of lavaged phosphatidylcholine occurred. Alveolar macrophages recovered from injected rabbits contained 25 to 40% less lipid per cell, as measured by total fatty acid composition. Free fatty acids are released from phospholipids of adjuvant-induced alveolar macrophages incubated in vitro following lavage. Concentrations of N-formylmethionyl-phenylalanine similar to those which stimulate macrophage chemotaxis and bactericidal activity enhance this fatty acid release. Alveolar macrophages incorporate both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with similar efficiency, primarily into phospholipids and triacylglycerols. Thus, activation of alveolar macrophages which results in a relative increase in internal phospholipase activity with concomitant large losses in cellular phospholipid results not only in liberation of chemokinetic fatty acids but also in considerable loss of membrane components. PMID- 7236658 TI - Net transfer of phosphatidylcholine from plasma low density lipoproteins to sphingomyelin-apolipoprotein A-II complexes by bovine liver and human plasma phospholipid exchange proteins. PMID- 7236659 TI - Glutathione-dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation by a soluble, heat-labile factor in animal tissues. AB - A glutathione-dependent, cytosolic factor (previously thought to be glutathione peroxidase), inhibits lipid peroxidation in both microsomal and mitochondrial membranes. Studies in this laboratory had shown that the inhibition was due to prevention of peroxidative attack on the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the membrane lipids even under conditions that would otherwise promote rapid lipid peroxidation. A glutathione-dependent factor is also present in rat liver cytosol which can utilize peroxides of both free fatty acid salts in solution and free fatty acids in micellar suspension as substrates. It does not, however, utilize peroxidized lipids of microsomal and mitochondrial membranes as substrates. Whether or not this is the same factor which inhibits lipid peroxidation is not known with certainty, but current information indicates that they are not the same. Data presented in this report support the conclusion that neither glutathione peroxidase nor glutathione S-transferase activities appear to be responsible for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in biological membranes. After partial purification of active preparations of both of these peroxidases, it was observed that neither preparation inhibited lipid peroxidation. The results of this study further support the conclusion that the glutathione dependent cytosolic factor which inhibits lipid peroxidation in biological membranes does so by preventing the peroxidation rather than by reducing lipid peroxides. PMID- 7236660 TI - Purification of human plasma lipoprotein lipase. AB - Human plasma lipoprotein lipase was purified in a highly active form. Addition of the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 led to stabilization of enzyme activity during the purification procedure. Antithrombin III, the major contaminant after affinity chromatography with heparin-Sepharose 4B, could be removed by gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-5m. The application of Tris-glycine buffer in the absence of denaturating agents allowed identification of the protein band corresponding to lipoprotein lipase activity on polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 7236661 TI - Bovine aortic endothelial cells display macrophage-like properties towards acetylated 125I-labelled low density lipoprotein. AB - Bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture were shown to take up and degrade acetylated 125I-labelled low density lipoproteins (125I-acetylated LDL) in preference to 125I-labelled low density lipoproteins (LDL). The confluent cultures of endothelial cells had a higher rate of degradation of 125I-acetylated LDL than did subconfluent cells. The ratio of degradation of 125I-acetylated LDL to 125I-LDL was 3--9 in the case of the endothelial cells, 0.06--0.11 for aortic smooth muscle cells and 18 for mouse peritoneal macrophages. The uptake and degradation of acetylated LDL by the endothelial cells was accompanied also by an increase in cellular cholesterol. The present findings indicate that cultured endothelial cells display certain macrophage-like properties towards serum lipoproteins. PMID- 7236662 TI - Covalent modification of chloroplast photosystem II polypeptides by p nitrothiophenol. AB - Illumination of the chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex in the presence of p nitrothio[14C]phenol caused quenching of fluorescence emission at 685 nm (77 K) relative to 695 nm and covalent modification of light-harvesting complex polypeptides. Fluorescence quenching saturated with one p-nitrothiophenol bound per light-harvesting complex polypeptide (10-13 chlorophylls); 1/2 maximal quenching occurred with one p-nitrothiophenol bound per light-harvesting complex polypeptides (190-247 chlorophylls). This result provides direct evidence for excitation energy transfer between light-harvesting complex subunits which contain 4-6 polypeptides plus 40-78 chlorophylls per complex. Illumination of chloroplasts or Photosystem II (PS II) particles in the presence of p nitrothio[14C]phenol caused inhibition of PS II activity and labeling of several polypeptides including those of 42-48 kilodaltons previously identified as PS II reaction center polypeptides. In chloroplasts, inhibition of oxygen evolution accelerated p-nitrothiophenol modification reactions; DCMU or donors to PS II decreased p-nitrothiophenol modification. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that accumulation of oxidizing equivalents on the donor side of PS II creates a 'reactive state' in which polypeptides of PS II are susceptible to p nitrothiophenol modification. PMID- 7236664 TI - Influence of temperature on photosystem II electron transfer reactions. AB - The influence of temperature on the rate of reduction of P-680+, the primary donor of Photosystem II, has been studied in the range 5-294 K, in chloroplasts and subchloroplasts particles. P-680 was oxidized by a short laser flash. Its oxidation state was followed by the absorption level at 820 nm, and its reduction attributed to two mechanisms: electron donation from electron donor D1 and electron return from the primary plastoquinone (back-reaction). Between 294 and approx. 200 K, the rate of the back-reaction, on a logarithmic scale, is a linear function of the reciprocal of the absolute temperature, corresponding to an activation energy between 3.3 and 3.7 kcal . mol-1, in all of the materials examined (chloroplasts treated at low pH or with Tris; particles prepared with digitonin). Between approx. 200 K and 5 K the rate of the back-reaction is temperature independent, with t 1/2 = 1.6 ms. In untreated chloroplasts we measured a t 1/2 of 1.7 ms for back-reaction at 77 and 5 K. The rate of electron donation from the donor D1 has been measured in dark-adapted Tris-treated chloroplasts, in the range 294-260 K. This rate is strongly affected by temperature. An activation energy of 11 kcal . mol-1 was determined for this reaction. In subchloroplast particles prepared with Triton X-100 the signals due to P-680+ were contaminated by absorption changes due to the triplet state of chlorophyll a. This triplet state has been examined with pure chlorophyll a in Triton X-100. An Arrhenius plot of its rate of decay shows a temperature dependent region (292-220 K) with an activation energy of 9 kcal . mol-1, and a temperature-independent region (below 200 K) with t 1/2 = 1.1 ms. PMID- 7236663 TI - Identification of a 32-34-kilodalton polypeptide as a herbicide receptor protein in photosystem II. AB - Photosystem II particles which retained high rates of herbicide-sensitive activity were used to examine the site(s) of action of various herbicides. A polypeptide of 32-34 kdaltons was identified as the triazine-herbicide binding site based upon: (a) parallel loss of atrazine activity and the polypeptide during either trypsin treatment or selective detergent depletion of protein in the Photosystem II complex, and (b) covalent labeling of the polypeptide by a 14C labeled photoaffinity triazine. In Photosystem II particles depleted of the 32-34 kdalton polypeptide, electron transport was still active and was slightly sensitive to DCMU and largely sensitive to dinoseb (urea and nitrophenol herbicides, respectively). On the basis of this result it is proposed that the general herbicide binding site common to atrazine, DCMU and dinoseb is formed by a minimum of two polypeptides which determine affinity and/or mediate herbicide induced inhibition of electron transport on the acceptor side of Photosystem II. PMID- 7236665 TI - Effect of cations on the linear dichroism and selective polarized light scattering of thylakoids. AB - The effect of cations on the linear dichroism (LD) and selective polarized light scattering of higher plant thylakoids was investigated. The results show that the major change in LD signal caused by the addition of cations is due to a scattering contribution most probably resulting from thylakoid stacking. However, minor changes in the LD signal also occur on the short wavelength side of the main LD band that persist even when a large proportion of the scattering change is eliminated by increasing the refractive index of the medium. The minor changes appear to be correlated with the cation-induced increase in variable fluorescence and resolution of the spectra at 77 K reveals that the changes in dichroism are due to LD bands of pigments associated with the light-harvesting complex. PMID- 7236666 TI - Possible effects of the detachment of stromal lamellae from granal stacks on salt induced changes in spillover. A study by sonication of chloroplasts. AB - Salt-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and spillover changes in control and briefly sonicated chloroplasts have been studied under conditions where Photosystem II traps are closed. In a low-salt medium containing 10 mM KCl, control envelope-free chloroplasts exhibited good spillover, as measured by low chlorophyll fluorescence yield at room temperature, a high ratio of the fluorescence peaks F735/F685 at 77 K, and increased Photosystem I activity in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and Photosystem II light. In contrast, when stacked chloroplasts were briefly sonicated and subsequently diluted into a low-salt medium, a high fluorescence yield at room temperature and a low ratio of F735/F685 at 77 K persisted. When unstacked chloroplasts were sonicated and then diluted into a high-salt medium, the room temperature fluorescence yield remained low. The results are interpreted in terms of a model relating the changes in chlorophyll fluorescence with the lateral diffusion of Photosystem I and Photosystem II chlorophyll-protein complexes in the plane of the thylakoid membrane creating randomized or segregated domains, depending on the degree of electrostatic screening of surface charges (Barber, J. (1980) FEBS Lett. 188, 1-10). It is argued that brief sonication of stacked chloroplasts separates stromal membranes from granal stacks, thus limiting the inter-mixing of the photosystems via lateral diffusion even when the ionic composition of the medium is varied. Consequently energy transfer from Photosystem II to Photosystem I is relatively poor and chlorophyll fluorescence from Photosystem II is enhanced. The loss of the salt effect on sonicated unstacked membranes can also be accommodated by the model. In this case it seems that the generation of small membrane fragments does not allow the normal salt-induced phase separation of the pigment-protein complexes to occur. PMID- 7236667 TI - Factors regulating the slow electrogenic phase in green algae and higher plants. AB - The electrochromic rise in the millisecond range, corrected for the subsequent decay, has been studied in Chlorella cells and spinach chloroplasts. The half time of the electrochromic rise in the millisecond range is independent of the redox states of the components in the electrogenic loop. It is also independent of pH in the absence of a pH gradient, but it is dependent upon the transmembrane electric field and the pH gradient. The limiting step of the overall process is thus the electrogenic reaction itself. The amplitude of the electrochromic rise in the millisecond range is controlled by two classes of factors: the redox state of its reactants and the free energy available in the overall process including the electrogenic reaction. This free energy depends upon delta pH and transmembrane electric field. A fast reduction of cytochrome f+ (and thus probably of the Rieske protein) by Photosystem II is still possible when the electrogenic reaction is impeded for energetic reasons. The kinetic behavior of the electrogenic reaction could be interpreted by the following reaction: UH2int + FeS+ + X2 + Hext in equilibrium U + 2H+int + FeS + X2H where FeS is the Rieske protein; X2 would be a new protein (observed in Bouges-Bocquet, B. (1980) FEBS Lett. 117, 54-58); UH2 which is likely a special quinone, would release its two protons inside the thylakoids and X2 would use protons from the external medium. PMID- 7236668 TI - Transmembrane distribution of phospholipids and their involvement in electron transport, as revealed by phospholipids A2 treatment of spinach thylakoids. AB - Thylakoid membranes were treated with either pancreatic or snake venom phospholipase A2, and the residual phospholipid content of these membranes was determined and compared to the rates of Photosystem II and/or Photosystem I electron transports. The hydrolysis curves of both phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine displayed a first, rapid phase which was almost temperature insensitive, followed by a second, slower phase which depended strongly on the temperature. When pancreatic phospholipase A2 had access either to the outer face or to both faces of the thylakoid membrane, either only part of or all the phospholipids, respectively, could be hydrolysed. These results were interpreted as indicating an asymmetric distribution of phospholipids across the thylakoid membrane, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine being preferentially located in the outer and the inner layer, respectively. When acting on uncoupled thylakoid membranes, phospholipase A2 exerted an inhibitory effect on Photosystem II activity and a stimulatory effect on Photosystem I activity. The involvement of phosphatidylcholine and of phosphatidylglycerol in electron transport activities of Photosystem II and of Photosystem I are discussed with special reference to the role of the external and internal pools of these phospholipids. PMID- 7236669 TI - Highly purified mitochondria from rat brain prepared by phase partition. AB - Mitochondria and synaptosomes from adult rat forebrain can easily be separated by counter-current distribution in an aqueous two phase system composed of Dextran T500 and poly(ethylene glycol) 4000. Both particles may also be separated by a batch procedure in which the same phase system is used. Electron micrographs and enzymatic activities show a high purity of the mitochondria obtained from the dextran-rich lower phase. Electron micrographs and enzymatic activities also show that intact synaptosomes can be obtained from the poly(ethylene glycol)-rich upper phase. The mitochondria purified by this method show good ADP/O ratios, respiratory control ratios, and state 3 rates. Synaptosomes showed a state 2 state 3 transition with no recuperation to state 4. PMID- 7236670 TI - Primary photoprocesses of undegraded phytochrome excited with red and blue light at 77 K. AB - 1. Red light irradiation of phytochrome (Pr) at 77 K produces an intermediate absorbing at 696 nm. The photostationary state concentration of this intermediate is rapidly established with that of Pr as the result of spectral overlap between the Qy band of Pr and the Qx band of the intermediate. 2. The 696 nm intermediate reverts back to Pr preferentially without yielding a substantial amount of Pfr upon thawing the 77 K sample to higher temperatures. 3. Blue light irradiation of Pr with or without exogenous FMN at 77 K results in the formation of two intermediates absorbing at 684 nm and 696 nm. The 684 nm intermediate is photochemically converted to the 696 nm intermediate at 77 K. Possibilities for the preferential formation of the 684 nm intermediate with blue light are discussed. 4. At 277 K, blue light irradiation of phytochrome (Pr) containing exogenous FMN increases the rate of phototransformation from Pr to Pfr three times over Pr having no FMN. On the other hand, exogenous FMN has no effect on the rate of transformation of Pr to Pfr by red light. 5. Energy transfer occurs from FMN to Pr at 77 K, initiating the photoprocesses of the Pr. The energy transfer apparently occurs within flavin-phytochrome complexes. PMID- 7236671 TI - Correlation between photosynthesis and the transthylakoid proton gradient. AB - In isolated intact chloroplasts, maximal rates of photosynthetic O2 evolution (in saturating HCO3) are associated with a critical transthylakoid proton gradient as a result of the stoichiometric consumption of 2 mol NADPH and 3 mol ATP/mol CO2 fixed. Studies with the fluorescent probe 9-aminoacridine reveal that in the illuminated steady state the critical delta pH is 3.9. CO2-dependent O2 evolution is inhibited by increases of 0.1-0.2 in delta pH that occur when catalase is omitted from the medium, NO2- is included as an electron acceptor, or when chloroplasts are illuminated under low partial pressures of O2. Low concentrations of antimycin (0.33 microM) or NH4Cl (0.33 mM)decrease delta pH and relieve this inhibition of electron flow. The energy transfer inhibitor quercetin lowers the high ATP/ADP ratio associated with these conditions, but does not lower delta pH or relieve the inhibition. A decrease of delta pH below 3.9 by weaker illumination, millimolar levels of NH4Cl or micromolar levels of antimycin, results in lower rates of photosynthesis owing to limitation by the phosphorylation rate. These findings show that in absence of rate limitation by the carbon cycle, the extent of thylakoid energization is related to the ratio of ATP to NADPH production and in turn, the rate of CO2 assimilation. PMID- 7236672 TI - Electrochemical titrations of a ferredoxin-ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase complex. AB - Potentiometric titrations employing an electrochemical thin-layer cell indicate that complex formation between ferredoxin and ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase alters the midpoint oxidation-reduction potentials of both proteins. The midpoint potential of ferredoxin the complex becomes 22 +/- 6 mV more negative compared to ferredoxin alone while the midpoint potential of ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase becomes 23 +/- 4 mV more positive on complex formation. PMID- 7236674 TI - Reduction of exogenous FMN by isolated rat liver mitochondria. Significance to the mobilization of iron from ferritin. AB - When FMN is added to rat liver mitochondria or mitoplasts it is reduced at a rate of approx. 0.2 nmol . min-1 . mg-1 protein. Sonicated mitochondria do not reduce exogenous FMN. The reduction depends on drainage of reducing equivalents from the respiratory chain at the level of ubiquinone. The net production of reduced FMN is detectable only at oxygen concentrations less than 4-5 muM. The mitochondrial ubiquinol-FMN oxidoreductase provides a mechanism for the coupling of FMN reduction to the reductive mobilization of iron from ferritin. The results are discussed in relation to the role of ferritin as a donor of iron to the mitochondria. PMID- 7236673 TI - External electric field effects on prompt and delayed fluorescence in chloroplasts. AB - An electric field pulse was applied to a suspension of osmotically swollen spinach chloroplasts after illumination with a saturating flash in the presence of DCMU. In addition to the stimulation of delayed fluorescence by the electric field, discovered by Arnold and Azzi (Arnold, W.A. and Azzi, R. (1971) Photochem. Photobiol. 14, 233-240) a sudden drop in fluorescence yield was observed. The kinetics of this fluorescence change were identical to those of the integrated delayed fluorescence emission induced by the pulse. The S-state dependence of the stimulated emission was very similar to that of the normal luminescence. We assume that the membrane potential generated by the pulse changes the activation energy for the back reaction in Photosystem II. On this basis, and making use of data we obtained earlier from electrochromic absorbance changes induced by the pulse, the kinetics of the field-induced prompt and delayed fluorescence changes, and also the amplitude of the fluorescence decrease, which was about 12% for a nearly saturating pulse, are explained. Our results indicate that in those reaction centers where a decrease of the activation energy occurs the effect of a pulse can be quite spectacular: the back reaction, which normally takes seconds, is completed in a few hundred microseconds when a sufficiently strong pulse is applied. Measurements of the polarization of the stimulate luminescence supported the interpretation given above. Only 2.8% of the back reaction was found to proceed via transition of reexcited chlorophyll to the ground state, both during the field pulse and in the absence of the field. PMID- 7236675 TI - A possible new mechanism of temperature dependence of electron transfer in photosynthetic systems. AB - A new theory for the electron transfer by the non-adiabatic process is formulated taking into account the origin shift and the frequency change of the vibration. The resultant formulas are quite similar to those of Jortner (Jortner, J. (1976) J. Chem. Phys. 64, 4860-4867) except that the free energy gap delta G is used instead of the energy gap delta E. By applying this theory to the photosynthetic electron transfer, the role of the remarkable temperature dependence of the electron transfer from cytochrome to P+ in Chromatium vinosum and the experimental data were reproduced very well using a small value of the coupling strength in contrast with the previous theory. This implies that proteins play a role to exclude many of the solvent molecules from the region of the electron transfer reaction between the donor and acceptor molecules. The negative activation process in the back electron transfer from QA- to P+, the very slow back electron transfer from I- to P+ and the solvent isotope effect on the cytochrome oxidation are also successfully explained by this new theory. It is shown that even a qualitative conclusion as to the molecular parameters obtained from the temperature dependence of the electron transfer is different between the present theory and that of Jortner. PMID- 7236676 TI - Linear and circular dichroism of membranes from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. AB - Absorption, linear dichroism and circular dichroism spectra of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata (wild-type-St. Louis strain, mutant Y5 and mutant Ala+) are particularly sensitive to the nature of the light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll carotenoid-protein complexes. Evidence for exciton-type interactions is seen near 855 nm in the membranes from the wild-type and from mutant Y5, as well as in an isolated B-800 + 850 light-harvesting complex from mutant Y5. The strong circular dichroism that reflects these interactions is attenuated more than 10-fold in membranes from the Ala+ mutant, which lacks both B-800 + 850 and colored carotenoids and contains only the B-875 light-harvesting complex. These results lead to the conclusion that these two light-harvesting complexes have significantly different chromophore arrangements or local environments. PMID- 7236677 TI - Analysis of the slow phases of the in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve. Changes in the redox state of photosystem II electron acceptors and fluorescence emission from photosystems I and II. AB - An analysis of the photo-induced decline in the in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence emission (Kautsky phenomenon) from the bean leaf is presented. The redox state of PS II electron acceptors and the fluorescence emission from PS I and PS II were monitored during quenching of fluorescence from the maximum level at P to the steady state level at T. Simultaneous measurement of the kinetics of fluorescence emission associated with PS I and PS II indicated that the ratio of P s I/PS II emission changed in an antiparallel fashion to PS II emission throughout the induction curve. Estimation of the redox state of PS II electron acceptors at given points during P to T quenching was made by exposing the leaf to additional excitation irradiation and determining the amount of variable PS II fluorescence generated. An inverse relationship was found between the proportion of PS II electron acceptors in the oxidised state and PS II fluorescence emission. The interrelationships between the redox state of PS II electron acceptors and fluorescence emission from PS I and PS II remained similar when the shape of the induction curve from P to T was modified by increasing the excitation photon flux density. The contributions of photochemical and nonphotochemical quenching to the in vivo fluorescence decline from P to T are discussed. PMID- 7236678 TI - 1H-NMR study of the location and motion of ubiquinones in perdeuterated phosphatidylcholine bilayers. AB - Ubiquinones (n = 1,2,3,4,7,9,10) and ubiquinols (n = 1,2,3,4,10) were incorporated into ordinary (protonated) or perdeuterated dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles and were found to have significant local molecular motion. The motion of the quinone ring, as judged from the linewidth of the OCH3 proton resonances, decreased in longer-chain ubiquinones. Minimum values for the transverse mobility (flip-flop rates) of ubiquinones-1,2,3,4,10, measured with the aid of lanthanide shift reagents, suggest that they are all able to function in a protonmotive 'Q cycle' during electron transport. As the length of the side chain increases beyond 1 isoprenoid unit, the quinone/quinol ring tends to be deeper in the outer monolayer of small sonicated vesicles and in both monolayers of larger freeze-thaw vesicles, but little or no change in depth is observed in the inner monolayer of small vesicles. The ubiquinol rings are closer to the membrane surface than are the ubiquinone rings. For side chain n = 9 or 10, a second resonance from the OCH3 protons of ubiquinones and ubiquinols in vesicles appears in the 2H-NMR spectrum. This is due to the presence of two types of vesicles with different ubiquinone/phospholipid ratios. PMID- 7236679 TI - The involvement of a high potential acceptor in the acid-base induced reduction of the acceptor Q in chloroplasts. AB - Study of the acid-base induced fluorescence transient, the so-called 'reverse electron flow', in chloroplasts revealed the following new properties: (1) Experiments in which the acid-base transition was performed in the absence of the measuring beam showed that the high fluorescence state induced by a pH-jump was attained and decayed even in complete darkness. These results indicated that a non-photochemical electron transfer was affected by the pH transition. A pH induced reverse electron transfer from some secondary electron acceptor to Q probably occurred during that process. (2) This conclusion was supported by the effect of the Photosystem I electron acceptor methyl viologen. Methyl viologen accelerated the decay phase of the transient showing that this phase was controlled by the rate of electron flow to Photosystem I, but this acceptor did not diminish the size of the transient's initial rise, probably because this rise reflected a pH effect on a non-photochemical step located between Q and P-700. (3) The size of the fluorescence transient was dependent upon the reduction state of both parts of the secondary pool of electron acceptors, A2 and A1. (4) Redox potential measurements using ferricyanide-ferrocyanide mixtures showed that the size of the transient was directly dependent on a midpoint potential of +385 mV at pH 6.9 and with n = 1. This suggested the involvement of a high potential secondary electron acceptor in the acid-base induced reduction of Q. PMID- 7236680 TI - 31P-NMR studies of oriented multilayers formed from isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum and reconstituted sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - 31P-NMR spectra were obtained from oriented multilayer preparations of normal sarcoplasmic reticulum and reconstituted sarcoplasmic reticulum with lipid to protein ratios varying between 41 : 1 and 110 : 1. The dependence of the 31P-NMr spectra on the alignment of the membranes with respect to the magnetic field was used to draw two conclusions about the motion of the phospholipid molecules that contribute to the observed spectra. First, the phosphate group and the two adjacent methylene groups are able to rapidly rotate (i.e., tau R much less than 10-5 S) around the normal to the plane of the membrane. Second, the restricted internal motion of the phosphate group and the glycerol CH2OP group is very similar to that found in liposomes formed from sarcoplasmic reticulum phospholipids. Calibration experiments showed that all (100 +/- 7%) of the phospholipid molecules in the membrane can be accounted for in the observed spectra. Thus, essentially all the phospholipid molecules in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the reconstituted sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes have the same motion in the polar headgroup region as found in model bilayer membranes. Since a large fraction of the phospholipid molecules (between one-quarter and one-half, depending on ;the lipid to protein ratio) are immediately surrounding the calcium pump protein, we conclude that the calcium-pump protein does not perturb the motion of these 'boundary-layer' lipids. PMID- 7236681 TI - Freeze-fracture study of cardiotoxin action on axonal membrane and axonal membrane lipid vesicles. AB - Freeze-fracture electron microscopy was used to follow morphological changes induced by Naja mossambica mossambica venom cardiotoxins on crab axonal membranes and thier lipids. It was shown that the extent of morphological changes depended drastically on the purity of cardiotoxin preparations and on their nature. Highly purified cardiotoxin induced mainly fusion of membrane or lipid vesicles. The extent of fusion and other morphological changes depended on the nature of cardiotoxin used: VII4 cardiotoxin induced only fusion while VII1 led to further modifications of membranes and liposomes. The most spectacular morphological changes were observed with axonal membranes treated with cardiotoxin containing traces of venom phospholipase A2. At low cardiotoxin concentration (10(-7)-10(-5) M) important intramembrane particle aggregation was observed and at higher concentrations (more than 10(-4) M) intramembrane particles disappeared from the membrane and were found in solution. The membrane vesicles, devoid of intramembrane particles, were observed to fuse rapidly into liposome-like aggregates. These morphological changes are interpreted as being due to the removal of intrinsic membrane proteins from the membrane by the combined action of cardiotoxin and phospholipase A2. PMID- 7236682 TI - Concanavalin A-induced modification of the electrophoretic mobility of lymphocytes. Effect of colchicine and cytochalasin B. AB - Concanavalin A induces redistribution, i.e. "capping" and endocytosis of its receptors, on the surface of lymphocytes. This phenomenon has been shown to alter the cellular surface charge density. Colchicine, which depolymerises cytoplasmic microtubules, and cytochalasin B, which inactivates microfilaments, were used to determine the transmembrane control of the changes in the electrophoretic mobility of mouse lymphocytes. Colchicine neither inhibited nor modified the lectin-induced changes, irrespective of whether the cells were exposed to this agent before or after the interaction with concanavalin A. Pre-incubation with cytochalasin B, on the other hand, inhibited the alterations induced by concanavalin A. Cytochalasin B also reversed the altered electrophoretic mobilities of concanavalin A-treated lymphocytes. These data provide further confirmation of the relationship between lectin-induced redistribution and the electrokinetic behaviour of lymphocytes and establish that "capping" but not endocytosis of the glycoprotein receptors is responsible for the electrophoretic changes. PMID- 7236683 TI - Accumulation of weak bases in relation to intralysosomal pH in cultured human skin fibroblasts. AB - The volume of the lysosomal compartment in cultured human skin fibroblasts was estimated from the distribution between the cells and the medium of tracer amounts of labelled methylamine and chloroquine, which accumulate in the lysosomes, 2,2-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione, which accumulates in the soluble cytoplasmic compartment relative to the lysosomes, and sucrose, which is excluded by the cells. In a foetal fibroblast line, the fractional volume of the lysosomal compartment was 0.044 +/- 0.007 (n = 8). In fibroblasts from a patient with the I cell disease, the fractional volume was 0.15. The fractional volume of the lysosomal compartment was used to calculate the intralysosomal pH from the accumulation of the weak bases in the cells. The mean value obtained was 5.29 +/- 0.04 (n = 8). In fibroblasts incubated with various concentrations of chloroquine, the fractional volume of the lysosomal compartment and the accumulation of chloroquine in the cells were used to calculate the concentration of chloroquine in the lysosomes. The intralysosomal concentration increased from 3 to 114 mM as the extracellular concentration increased from 1 to 100 microM. Concomitantly, the intralysosomal pH increased from 5.3 in the absence of chloroquine to 5.9 in the presence of 100 microM chloroquine. A similar increase in intralysosomal pH could be calculated in fibroblasts incubated with different concentrations of ammonia. PMID- 7236684 TI - Effects of retinol, fatty acids and glycerol monooleate on the fusion of chick embryo myoblasts in vitro. AB - Cell fusion of embryonic chick myoblasts has been studied in the presence of fat soluble agents that induce erythrocytes to fuse. Retinol inhibited myoblast fusion but the cells recovered their ability to fuse within 48 h of removal of the retinol from the medium. Myristic acid, oleic acid, glycerol monooleate, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid similarly prevented fusion in myogenic cultures. By contrast, linoleic acid moderately enhanced the fusion of chick skeletal myoblasts. In addition, stearic acid, which does not fuse erythrocytes, inhibited myoblast fusion whereas the saturated, non-fusogenic fatty acid, arachidic acid, was without effect. PMID- 7236685 TI - Phosphatidylcholine bilayers. A theoretical model which describes the main and the lower transitions. AB - We present a theoretical model which describes both the main and the lower phase transition in phosphatidylcholine bilayers. The main transition involves a melting of the hydrocarbon chains while the lower transition is seen as a nematic to isotropic transition involving entire lipid molecules (which are rod shaped when projected onto the bilayer plane). This latter transition is consistent with experimental data which suggest the presence of long-axis rotation for temperatures below the main melting transition. The model is extended to mixtures of phosphatidylcholines and compared with experimental data. PMID- 7236686 TI - Effects of cholesterol on the properties of the membranes of isolated sheep liver nuclei and nuclear envelopes. AB - The exchangeability of cholesterol between sheep liver nuclear membranes and liposomes, and the effect of cholesterol on the fluidity of the membrane lipid were studied. In intact nuclei, the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio increased from 0.102 to 0.145 mol/mol on incubation with cholesterol-rich liposomes, with a time for half-maximal uptake of 4.2 h. In isolated envelopes under the same conditions, the ratio increased from 0.110 to 0.266 mol/mol with a time for half maximal uptake of about 1.9 h. Moreover, the approximate order parameter of the spin label 5-(N-oxyl-4',4'-dimethyloxazolidino)-stearic acid was 0.677 in intact nuclei and 0.723 in isolated envelopes prior to exchange; after exchange, these values increased to 0.717 and 0.756, respectively. These differences between the preparations could not be attributed to differences in the capacity for cholesterol uptake between the two nuclear membranes, or to a slow rate of exchange between them; the presence of an intact nuclear matrix appeared both to disorder the lipid partially and to inhibit cholesterol uptake. The differences indicate that conclusions based on physical studies of the membrane lipid in isolated envelopes are not necessarily applicable to the intact nucleus. PMID- 7236687 TI - The molecular organisation of bimolecular lipid membranes. The dielectric structure of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface. AB - Improvements to a previously described very low-frequency impedance-measuring technique have now allowed the characterisation of a third, electrically distinct, type of substructural region in phosphatidylcholine biomolecular lipid membranes. This region was found to have properties intermediate to those of the hydrophobic (hydrocarbon) layer and the regions containing the polar heads of the phosphatidylcholine molecules. Its properties are consistent with it being associated with the oxygen-rich carboxyl ester portions of the phosphatidylcholine molecules which lie at the hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface. We will refer to these regions in the membrane as the acetyl regions. The individual properties of the three distinct types of region in the phosphatidylcholine membranes were determined at KCl electrolyte concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mM. It was found that with increasing KCl concentration: (a) The capacitance, CH, of the hydrophobic region increased slightly, indicating a decrease in the thickness of this region. (b) The conductance, GH, of this hydrophobic region increased by a factor of 20 in going from 1 to 1000 mM electrolyte. (c) The capacitance of the acetyl region was independent of KCl concentration although its conductance increased 5-fold over the range 1-1000 mM KCl. (d) The volume-specific electrical properties of the region containing the polar heads appeared to be essentially independent of KCl concentration. However, a change in thickness of these regions was observed which was consistent with the cholinephosphate dipole being oriented normal to the bilayer surface in 1 mM KCl and parallel to the surface in 1000 mM KCl external solutions. PMID- 7236688 TI - Interaction of DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane with liposomal phospholipids. AB - The influence of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and several other pesticides on the physical state of membrane phospholipids was investigated using model lipids. The thermal dependence of fluorescence intensity of the probe parinaric acid in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes and lipid vesicles of mixed composition were recorded. DDT was incorporated into the liposomal bilayer. The insecticide lowered the phase transition temperature and broadened the temperature range of the transition. The effects were concentration-dependent. The results may be interpreted as a sort of blurred and facilitated phase transition of bilayer lipids caused by intercalation of DDT between fatty acyl chains of membrane phospholipids. PMID- 7236689 TI - Inhibition of anion permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles by stilbene derivatives and the identification of an inhibitor-binding protein. AB - The permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles to sulfate ions was inhibited by diisothiocyano-1,2-diphenylethane-2,2'-disulfonic acid (H2DIDS), which is a potent inhibitor of anion permeability in red blood cell membrane. The amount of H2DIDS bound to the vesicles was determined by using [3H]-H2DIDS. Apparent half inhibition of sulfate permeation was observed on the binding of 2.5 mumol/g protein. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on the vesicles treated with [3H]H2DIDS showed that about 10% of the total bound H2DIDS corresponds to a 100 000-dalton protein, but the remaining 90% to non-protein components. The content of the H2DIDS-binding protein was about 0.5 mumol/g protein. These results suggest that the H2DIDS-binding protein is different from the calcium pump protein and is possibly an anion transport system similar to band 3 in red blood cell membrane. PMID- 7236691 TI - The isolation and characterization of a concanavalin A receptor from boar spermatozoa surface. AB - Boar spermatozoa were radioactively labeled by either lactoperoxidase-catalysed iodination or galactose oxidase oxidation followed by reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride. Plasma membrane glycoproteins were solubilized with the non ionic detergent Nonidet P40 and separated by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. A major water-soluble concanavalin A receptor of molecular weight greater than 160 000 was isolated by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Its amino acid and carbohydrate composition were determined. This glycoprotein is susceptible to digestion by trypsin or chymotrypsin. PMID- 7236690 TI - Rapid transmembrane movement of phosphatidylcholine in small unilamellar lipid vesicles formed by detergent removal. AB - Small unilamellar phosphatidylcholine vesicles, formed by solubilizing phosphatidylcholine with sodium cholate and removing the detergent by gel filtration, have been studied in their interaction with phospholipid exchange protein. The exchange of phosphatidylcholine between the vesicles and erythrocyte ghosts was greatly stimulated by the phosphatidylcholine-specific exchange protein from bovine liver. It was found that 95% of the phosphatidylcholine was readily available for exchange within 3 h at 37 degrees C. In similar vesicles prepared by sonication only 70% of the phosphatidylcholine was rapidly exchangeable. Our results indicate that the transmembrane movement of phosphatidylcholine across the bilayer of vesicles prepared by the cholate technique is a relatively fast process. The results are discussed with respect to the presence of trace amounts of lipid-associated cholate which may facilitate the transbilayer exchange of phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 7236692 TI - Lipid-protein interaction in the photolysis of octopus rhodopsin. AB - Microvillar membranes of octopus photoreceptor cells were treated with phospholipase A2, phospholipase C, hexane, or their combinations. By these means, various membrane preparations containing qualitatively and quantitatively different lipids were obtained. The lipid composition and phospholipid content of the membrane preparations obtained by the above methods were determined. Photochemical processes in the digitonin extract of the native and treated membranes have been studied by flash photometry. The results suggest that several different variations in the lipids can affect the rates of the photochemical transformations; these are: the content of phospholipid, the amount of unsaturated hydrocarbon chains and free fatty acids. PMID- 7236693 TI - Drug-induced surface membrane phospholipid composition in murine fibroblasts. AB - The effects of drug on phospholipid composition of cell surface membranes are not well understood at this time. The effects of membrane-active drugs and membrane depolarization on the phospholipid composition were determined in murine LM fibroblasts. Receptor-aggregating drugs such as concanavalin A and cytoskeleton disrupting agents such as colchicine, vinblastine, and cytochalasin B decreased phosphatidylserine content of the plasma membrane from 5.4 +/- 1.5% to as low as 1.4 +/- 0.2%. In addition, concanavalin A and colchicine increased the phosphatidylglycerol content from 6.9 +/- 1.6% to 13.1 +/- 0.7% and 10.6 +/-1.7%, respectively, while vinblastine and cytochalasin B had no effect. Pentobarbital decreased the content of phosphatidylinositol+ phosphatidylserine and of phosphatidylglycerol almost 2-fold. Propranolol, ethanol, and depolarization with 120 mM KCl had small or ne effects on plasma membrane phospholipid composition. None of the above drugs or treatments significantly altered the asymmetric distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine across the LM cell plasma membrane under the conditions tested. In addition, energy inhibitors that deplete the proton motive force of the cell (NaN3 and KCN) and inhibitors of ATP synthesis such as NaAsO4 did not affect the asymmetric distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine. It is concluded that the mechanism of action of membrane-active drugs such as concanavalin A, vinblastine, colchicine and pentobarbital may involve alterations in plasma membrane composition. It also appears that microfilaments, microtubules, beta-adrenergic receptors, membrane fluidity, and membrane potential are not critical for the regulation of the asymmetric distribution of membrane phosphatidylethanolamine. PMID- 7236694 TI - Characterization of 42K+ and 86Rb+ transport and electrical membrane properties in exponentially growing neuroblastoma cells. AB - For measuring K+ efflux from exponentially growing neuroblastoma cells (clone Neuro-2A), two methods were used, a sampling method and a washing method. Both methods indicated that K+ efflux kinetics were as from a two-compartment system, but the two compartments could only be resolved completely using the washing method. A fast compartment, containing 143 +/- 16 nmol K+/10(6) cells, was found to be associated to the cell surface, and a slow compartment, containing 151 +/- 7 nmol K+/10(6) cells, was found to represent the intracellular K+. The rate constant of the slow compartment was 0.0164 +/-0.0005 min-1, and the K+ efflux rate was 2.46 +/- 0.14 nmol K+/10(6) cells per min. Using the appropriate conditions to measure K+ influx, the kinetics of influx were equal to the kinetics of efflux, indicating steady-state conditions. In addition a comparison was made between 42K+ and 86Rb+ as radioactive tracers for K+ flux. It was found that 86Rb+ was specifically bound on both the inside and the outside of the cells, and for this reason was not a suitable tracer for studying K+ flux kinetics in neuro-2A cells. A membrane potential of -42.9 +/- 1.3 mV and intracellular K+ activity of 108.1 +/- 3.0 mM were measured using conventional and ion-selective microelectrodes. A correlation was made between the K+ flux and electrophysiological data, using the equations of electrodiffusion theory. Thus, the permeabilities of K+ and Na+ were calculated as (3.9 +/- 0.4) . 10(-8) cm/s and (0.6 and 0.1) . 10(-8) cm/s respectively, together with K+ conductance of (2.8 +/- 0.3) . 10(-6) omega-1/cm2. PMID- 7236695 TI - Hormonal induction of pulmonary maturation in the rabbit fetus: effects of maternal treatment with estradiol-17 beta on th endogenous levels of cholinephosphate, CDP-choline and phosphatidylcholine. AB - 1. Administration of estradiol-17 beta to pregnant rabbits at 25 days gestation (term, 31 days) resulted n a significant increase in the incorporation of [14C] choline, but not [14C]ethanolamine, into the lipids of fetal lung slices. The incorporation of [35S]methionine was not affected. 2. Enzymatic assays conducted in vitro revealed no significant effect on either the activities of several enzyme markers for subcellular organelles, the activities of the enzymes responsible for the production of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol, membrane-bound or aqueously dispersed phosphatidate-dependent phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase activities or the activities of the auxiliary enzymes responsible for the synthesis of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. 3. The activity of the enzymes involved in the choline pathway for the de novo biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine were not significantly altered except for a 66% increase in the CTP:cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase activity assayed in the cytosol. The addition of phosphatidylglycerol stimulated cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase activity approx. 3-fold. However, in the presence of this lipid, the activities in cytosol from control and treated fetuses were similar, indicating that the increased activity noted in the absence of phosphatidylglycerol was due to an activation of existing cytidylyltransferase activity rather than an increase in total enzyme units. 4. Estrogen treatment of the does was also associated with a marked decrease in the levels of cholinephosphate in fetal lung and significant increases in the levels of CDPcholine and phosphatidylcholine. These alterations in pool size are consistent with an increase in the activity of cholinephosphate cytidyltransferase in vivo. The results suggest that cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase may catalyse an important rate-determining reaction in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in fetal lung. The data also support the view that the reaction catalysed by CDPcholine:diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase also has a regulatory role during development. PMID- 7236696 TI - Novel polar lipids from the methanogen Methanospirillum hungatei GP1. AB - The methanogenic bacterium Methanospirillum hungatei GP1 has been shown to contain two unusual phosphoglycolipids (phosphoglycolipid I and phosphoglycolipid II) that account for 64% (by wt.) of the total cellular lipids. These lipids are derivatives of the dibiphytanyldiglycerol tetraether. One of the free hydroxyls of this tetraether is esterified with glycerophosphoric acid and the other is linked glycosidically to a disaccharide with structure alpha-Glcp-(1 leads to 2) beta Gal phi in phosphoglycolipid I and beta-Gal phi-(1 leads to 6)-beta Gal phi in phosphoglycolipid II. Smaller amounts of the sn-2,3-diphytanylglycerol analog of phosphatidylglycerol and diglycosyldiphytanylglycerol ethers (DGD-I and DGD II) containing the same disaccharide residues as in phosphoglycolipid I and phosphoglycolipid II, respectively, were identified, together with very small amounts of diglycosyldibiphytanyldiglycerol tetraethers (DGT-I and DGT-II) containing the same disaccharide residues as in phosphoglycolipid I and phosphoglycolipid II, respectively. A biosynthetic pathway involving head-to-head condensation of phosphatidylglycerol with DGD-I or DGD-II to form phosphoglycolipid I or phosphoglycolipid II, respectively, is proposed. PMID- 7236697 TI - Intermembrane phospholipid fluxes catalyzed by bovine brain phospholipid exchange protein. AB - Bovine brain phospholipid exchange protein catalyzes the transfer of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine between two populations of single bilayer vesicles. The inclusion of lactosylceramide in one of the vesicle populations and the ability to precipitate those vesicles in the presence of Ricinus communis agglutinin assures the quantitative separation of donor and acceptor vesicles following incubation with exchange protein. When both vesicle populations contain phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine and transfers are monitored in both directions, the flux of phosphatidylinositol (or phosphatidylcholine) in the forward direction equals that in the reverse. When one of the vesicle populations initially lacks phosphatidylinositol, a net unidirectional transfer of that phospholipid occurs. Concurrently, a compensatory flux of phosphatidylcholine takes place in the opposite direction, such that the bidirectional fluxes of total phospholipid are equal. A net transfer of phosphatidylcholine is also demonstrated. A mechanism of true molecular exchange between vesicles, rather than net transfer, is proposed for the bovine brain phospholipid exchange protein. PMID- 7236698 TI - Selective utilization of palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine in this synthesis of disaturated phosphatidylcholine in rat lung: a combined in vitro and in vivo approach. AB - 1. The acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase system in rat lung microsomes was found to utilize selectively 1-[1-14C]palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine when compared with 1-[9,10-3H2]stearoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine. This result was found with either palmitoyl-CoA, linoleoyl-CoA or an equimolar mixture of these acyl donors and confirms recent data reported by Holub, Piekarski and Possmayer (Can. J. Biochem. 58 (1980) 434-439). 2. The selective utilization of palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine from a mixture of lysophosphatidylcholine species may cause an increased isotopic ratio in phosphatidylcholine when compared with that of total lysophosphatidylcholine. Thus, when rats were injected with a single doubly labelled species, i.e. 1-[9,10 3H2]palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho[methyl-14C]choline, the isotopic ratio in both total and disaturated phosphatidylcholine from lung was nearly identical to that of the injected substrate. This suggested a direct acylation by lung acyl CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases. By contrast, when a mixture of 1 [9,10-3H2]palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho[methyl-14C]choline and 1-stearoyl-sn glycero-3-phospho[methyl-14C]choline was injected, the 3H/14C ratio in disaturated lung phosphatidylcholine increased to about 1.4-fold that of the injected substrate. 3. These data indicate that increased isotopic ratios in disaturated phosphatidylcholine of lung tissue, after intravenous injection of lysophosphatidylcholine, do not necessarily point to the involvement of lysophosphatidylcholine:lysophosphatidylcholine transacylase in disaturated phosphatidylcholine formation. PMID- 7236699 TI - Changes in fatty acyl chain composition of rat heart phospholipids induced by noradrenaline. AB - The effect of noradrenaline on fatty acyl chain composition of the rat heart phospholipids was studied in vivo. The rats received increasing amounts of noradrenaline for 15 days. The noradrenaline stress caused significant alterations in the fatty acyl chain composition of the two major phospholipids in heart muscle, whereas the phospholipid content remained unchanged. In phosphatidylcholine, there was 50% diminution in linoleic acid and a decrease in oleic acid with a concomitant increase in stearic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids. In phosphatidylethanolamine, the docosahexaenoic acid increased by 25% accompanied by a decrease in oleic and arachidonic acids. The possible causes and consequences of these changes are discussed. PMID- 7236700 TI - Physical properties of cholesteryl esters having 20 carbons or more. AB - By polarizing microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry we observed that the relative stability of the smectic and cholesteric mesophases of cholesteryl esters of acyl chain length of 20 carbons or more depends on the length of the acyl chain and its degree of unsaturation. Significantly, the addition of a single double bond to the acyl chain of a fully saturated cholesteryl ester which exhibits no mesophases (e.g., cholesteryl behenate (C22:0) and cholesteryl lignocerate (C24:0) yields an ester which displays an unusually stable smectic mesophase, bot no cholesteric mesophase. In fact, increasing unsaturation was found to have a destabilizing effect on the cholesteric phase. Similarly, a decrease in thermal stability of the cholesteric mesophase was observed with increasing thermal stability of the smectic mesophase increased in the same series. X-ray scattering data are presented on the smectic mesophase of cholesteryl erucate (C22:1) and cholesteryl nervonate (C24:1). Significant differences in molecular packing of these two monounsaturated omega = 9 cholesteryl esters in the crystalline state are demonstrated by preliminary X-ray scattering experiments. PMID- 7236701 TI - Functional abnormalities of hemoglobin Toyoake (142 (H20)beta, Ala leads to Pro). AB - Oxygen equilibrium of Hb Toyoake (142 (H20)beta, Ala leads to Pro) is characterized by an oxygen affinity 6-times higher than that of Hb A, a slightly decreased alkaline Bohr effect, diminished cooperativity, with Hill's coefficient decreased by 1.2, and reduced response to 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and inositol hexaphosphate. These properties are in qualitative agreement with those shown previously from oxygen equilibrium data for hemolysate containing Hb Toyoake. The heat of oxygenation was -13.5 kcal/mol for Hb Toyoake and -12.9 kcal/mol for Hb A at pH 7.4 in 0.1 M Cl- and they became equal when corrected for the heat of oxygen-linked proton and Cl- release. OxyHb Toyoake autooxidized faster than oxyHb A. The visible absorption spectrum and electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of oxidized Hb Toyake indicated that oxidation of this hemoglobin, either by autooxidation or by K3Fe(CN)6, is followed by gradual conversion into hemichrome derivatives. The soret peak of deoxyHb Toyoake was lowered compared to that of deoxyHb A and the magnitude of narrow-banded oxy-minus-deoxy difference spectrum around 290 nm was smaller for Hb Toyoake than for Hb A, indicating that the former remains predominantly in the R state upon deoxygenation. The functional abnormalities, including tendency to lose heme groups previously reported, were interpreted in terms of structural disturbance by proline at 142beta of 141 leucine, 143 histidine, 145 tyrosine, and 146 histidine residues of the same beta chain. PMID- 7236702 TI - Purification of the variant antigens of Trypanosoma congolense: a new approach to the isolation of glycoproteins. AB - We describe a new and rapid method for the isolation and purification of the variant antigens of Trypanosoma congolense. The procedure consists of (a) partial lysis of trypanosomes with dioxane, (b) lectin-affinity-chromatography with Con A Sepharose, (c) electrophoretic desorption and concomitant separation of Con A Sepharose-bound glycoproteins in a granulated electrofocusing gel, (d) electrophoretic elution of focused proteins from the granulated gel particles. The efficiency of each step was followed quantitatively by affinity electrophoresis. 73% of the variant antigens originally present in a trypanosomal lysate could be recovered. From 10(10) trypanosomes 2 mg of pure variant antigen were obtained. The variant antigen of the trypanosome clone used exhibits heterogeneity in molecular weight as well as in electric charge. PMID- 7236703 TI - Phytohemagglutinin isolectin subunit composition. AB - The subunit compositions of individual phytohemagglutinin isolectins from red kidney bean Phaseolus vulgaris were examined by isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. Isoelectric focusing reveals heterogeneous but unique and non-overlapping protein band patterns for each of the homotetrameric isolectins, E4 and L4. Isoelectric focusing of the intermediate isolectins which contain both subunits (E3L1, E2L2, and E1L3) show all the protein bands common to isolectins E4 or L4 in proportions relative to their suggested subunit compositions. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a continuous sodium dodecyl sulfate buffer system gives a single protein band for all of the isolectins. In contrast, a discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate buffer procedure resolves isolectins E4 and L4 into single major protein bands of apparent molecular weights 31 700 (+/-600) and 29 900 (+/-200), respectively. Each of the intermediate isolectins contained both protein bands and their relative proportion, as determined by absorbance scanning, confirms the phytohemagglutinin isolectin subunit compositions as E4, E3L1, E2L2, E1L3, and L4. PMID- 7236704 TI - Effects of chemical modification on the conformation and biological activity of peanut agglutinin. AB - The effect of chemical modifications on the biological properties of peanut agglutinin was investigated. The free amino groups were modified with succinic anhydride and 1-isothiocyanato-4-benzenesulfonic acid. Though the extent of modification was 95 and 85%, respectively, these derivatives did not lose their sugar binding capacity. The agglutinating activity with neuraminidase-treated human erythrocytes and various tumor cells was reduced. The mitogenic activity tested with neuraminidase-treated human lymphocytes was also diminished The tyrosine residues were modified with tetranitromethane and further with 4 aminophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside and the negatively charged 2-(4-amino-benzyl) alpha-D-neuraminic acid. The extent of modification was 30, 28 and 6%, respectively. The agglutinating and mitogenic activities were in this case not severely changed. The influence of all these modifications on the conformation was investigated by means of CD studies in the far and near ultraviolet regions. PMID- 7236705 TI - Resonance Raman studies of methemoglobin derivatives at room temperature and 77 K. AB - Raman spectra in preresonance with the Soret absorption band are reported for the following methemoglobin derivatives: cyanide, cyanate, thiocyanate, hydroxy-, azide, and fluoride methemoglobin at 285 K and 77 K. For the mixed-spin derivatives, Raman intensity is observed to shift from the high-spin marker band (approx. 1480 cm-1) to the low-spin marker band (approx. 1505 cm-1) upon cooling to 77 K. In addition, Raman spectra of cyanate methemoglobin were taken as a function of temperature, and the log of the intensity ratio I1480/I1505 was found to be a linear function of 1/T, indicating a thermally activated process. We interpret these results as observations of temperature-induced spin transitions. In the case of cyanate methemoglobin we find the enthalpy and entropy differences between the high-spin and low-spin states to be deltaH = 600 +/- 40 cal x mol-1 and deltaS = 4.7 +/- 0.7 cal x mol-1 x K-1. The high-spin to low-spin ratio for cyanate methemoglobin determined by our experiment disagrees with the value reported for magnetic susceptibility measurements. PMID- 7236706 TI - Novel transient circular dichroic spectra with a trough near 230 nm observed in the denaturation processes of lectins by sodium dodecyl sulfate. PMID- 7236707 TI - Alkyl and omega-amino alkyl agaroses as probes of light-induced changes in phytochrome from pea seedlings (Pisum sativum cv. Alaska). AB - Partially purified phytochrome from peas (Pisum sativum cv. Alaska) was absorbed to alkyl and omega-amino alkyl agaroses varying in the number of carbons in their alkyl chains from 2 to 10. The absorption and the elution of the absorbed phytochrome from them with KCl, KI, ethylene glycol and surfactants were investigated either in the dark or under red light in order to detect any chemical differences between the red-light-absorbing form of phytochrome (Pr) and the far-red-light-absorbing form of phytochrome (Pfr). With increasing alkyl chain length, more phytochrome was absorbed to the substituted agaroses. Phytochrome was absorbed to a greater extent by alkyl agaroses than by the less hydrophobic omega-amino alkyl agaroses. Absorbed Pfr was eluted by all the eluants tested to a lesser extent than the absorbed Pr. In those cases in which phytochrome could be eluted by KCl, a higher concentration was required to elute Pfr than Pr. As the chain length of the alkyl groups was increased, the difference in elution of Pr and Pfr by KCl increased. Phytochrome was salted out at a lesser concentration of ammonium sulfate after brief red-light irradiation than in the dark. Absorption of phytochrome to DEAE-agarose was also investigated as an example of ionic phytochrome-ligand interactions. The difference between the affinity of Pr and Pfr for DEAE-agarose was less than it was for omega-amino alkyl or alkyl agarose. It is concluded that Pfr is more hydrophobic than Pr. PMID- 7236708 TI - Phosphorescence and optical detection of magnetic resonance of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. AB - Phosphorescence spectra of the tryptophan residues in cowpea chlorotic mottle virus were recorded at 77 K and the influence of the quaternary structure on the emission characteristics was investigated. The position of the phosphorescence maxima appeared to be invariant under changes in the aggregation state of the virus particle. In contrast to the results of fluorescence experiments, the phosphorescence probably originates from tryptophan residues, buried in the hydrophobic interior of the virus. Optical detection of magnetic resonance on the triplet state of the tryptophan residues at 1.2 K shows a slight shift in the zero-field transitions, when the interaction between the protein and the RNA is abolished. This shift is discussed in relation with changes in polarity and in polarizability of the environment of the phosphorescing tryptophan residues when the interaction between RNA and the protein subunits decreases. The zero-field transitions in the virus are further characterized by a large linewidth, when comparisons are made with similar transitions observed in other proteins. This shows great heterogeneity in the environment of tryptophan residues, and makes the recognition and interpretation of changes in the transitions very complicated. PMID- 7236709 TI - Primary structure of the major beta-chain of armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) haemoglobin. PMID- 7236710 TI - Human spectrin. V. A comparative electro-optic study of heterotetramers and heterodimers. AB - The electrically induced birefringence of human spectrin heterotetramer and heterodimer solutions at 5 degrees C has been studied. 1. The steady-state birefringence, delta, was found to be approximately proportional to the electric field strength, E, when E greater than or equal to 0.2 kV/mm. For spectrin solutions the specific linear coefficient, delta/(E x c), therefore is a more relevant parameter for describing birefringence saturation behavior when E greater than or equal to 0.2 kV/mm than the commonly used Kerr constant. At 5 degrees C were measured delta/(E x c) = (27 +/- 5) x 10(-8)m4 x V(-1) x kg(-1) for heterodimers and heterotetramers. 2. At 5 degrees C both heterotetramers and heterodimers exhibited more than one birefringence relaxation time and the shortest of these was for both molecules found to be 4.2 +/- 1.0 microseconds. This indicates that the spectrin molecules are highly flexible. The birefringence build-up time for heterotetramers and heterodimers was found to be 20 +/- 7 microseconds and 15 +/- 5 microseconds, respectively. PMID- 7236711 TI - Kinetic correlations between the disulfide bond reduction and the induced conformational change of proteins. AB - Kinetic correlations between the disulfide bond reduction in excess dithioerythritol and the induced conformational change were studied on two proteins, bovine alpha-lactalbumin and soybean trypsin inhibitor, at 25 degrees C and pH 8.0-8.5 by measuring the absorbance of oxidized dithioerythritol at 310 nm and the ellipticity at 270 nm, respectively. With alpha-lactalbumin, in the absence of guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn x HCl) or in dilute Gdn x HCl, the kinetics for the bond reduction and the conformational change were both of a biphasic type. The fast phase was complete within a few seconds and was associated with the reduction of some of the disulfide bonds and with almost complete loss of the tertiary structure. The slow phase was associated with the reduction of other disulfide bonds. In concentrated Gdn x HCl, the kinetics of both processes were observed as a single phase, the rate of which was similar to that of the slow phase in the absence of Gdn x HCl or in dilute Gdn x HCl. In all cases studied, the rate of the bond reduction was similar to that of the conformational change induced. By correcting the change in absorbance at 310 nm to a contribution from the protein due to the conformational change, the number of bonds which are reduced in the fast phase in the absence of Gdn x HCl was determined to be 1.0-1.1. It was shown, taking observations of others and theoretical results into account, that the bond reduced in the fast phase might be the one between Cys 6 and Cys 120. On the other hand, on of two bonds of soybean trypsin inhibitor in the native form was reduced in the fast phase without any loss of the tertiary structure, and the other was reduced in the slow phase. Considering the results of other researchers, it was concluded that the bond reduced in the fast phase of the inhibitor is a 136-145 bond. PMID- 7236712 TI - The chromatographic purification of native types I, II, and III collagens. AB - In this paper, a chromatographic method for the purification of native types I, II, and III collagen is described. The method consists of two consecutive gel permeation chromatography steps, followed by anion-exchange chromatography. The two consecutive gel permeation chromatography steps take advantage of the fact that collagens like other asymmetric molecules, elute anomalously late from gel permeation columns, thus allowing one to separate collagens from less asymmetric proteins of comparable molecular weight, notably gelatin, procollagen and higher molecular weight oligomers of collagen. The anion-exchange chromatography separates types I, II, and III collagens from each other with baseline resolution. The collagen products obtained from these procedures are at least 99% pure by a variety of criteria, and in the native state by the traditional criteria of optical rotation, intrinsic viscosity, solubility properties and resistance to non-collagenase proteases. Rat skin type I collagen prepared by this chromatographic method exhibits a higher and sharper thermal transition temperature than an otherwise identical sample of rat skin type I collagen prepared by fractional salt precipitation. In addition, the latter collagen is more susceptible to digestion by trypsin at 37 degrees C. We conclude that salt precipitation of the collagen per se is responsible for a lowering of the Tm values. Our observations indicate that the chromatographic purification of collagen preserves the native structure at a few select sites where high salt concentrations induce irreversible local imperfections of the three-dimensional structure. PMID- 7236714 TI - Adsorption to fibrin of native fragments of known primary structure from human plasminogen. AB - Limited proteolysis of native Glu-plasminogen with pancreatic elastase produced three major fragments, K1+2#3, K4, K5-light chain (miniplasminogen). Fibrin binding was determined by clotting fibrinogen in the presence of 125I-labelled fragments and measuring 125I in the washed fibrin and in the supernatant. Of the fragments miniplasminogen showed the highest fibrin-binding, the strength of which was intermediate between those of Glu-plasminogen and Lys-plasminogen. The fibrin-binding of all three fragments was decreased by 6-aminohexanoic acid or tranexamic acid. This decrease was most pronounced with K1+2+3. The fibrin binding of K1+2+3, but not that of K4 and miniplasminogen was decreased by alpha 2-antiplasmin. The fibrin-binding of K1+2+3 and mini-plasminogen was lower in a plasma clot than in a purified fibrin clot. Our results indicate that each of the three fragments can bind to fibrin. They confirm that an alpha 2-antiplasmin binding site is located on K1+2+3. Furthermore two of the fragments, namely K4 and K1+2+3 contain lysine-binding site(s). PMID- 7236713 TI - Characterization of an acidic glycoprotein secreted by principal cells of the rat epididymis. AB - An acidic protein which is secreted by epididymal epithelial cells, has been characterized with respect to physiochemical properties. Acidic epididymal glycoprotein is a glycoprotein of molecular weight of 31 700. It is apparently a symmetrical molecule (f/f0 = 1.26) composed of a single polypeptide chain. Carbohydrate content is 7.5% and consists mainly of hexoses (73%). Acidic epididymal glycoprotein is rich in aromatic amino acids although its content of hydrophobic amino acids (50.9%) and average hydrophobicity (1053 cal/residue) is unexceptional. The acidic nature of acidic epididymal glycoprotein is consistent with a high content of aspartic and glutamic acid (27.5%), a high fractional charge (0.37) and a low isoelectric point (pI = 4.7). Acidic epididymal glycoprotein appears to bind to spermatozoa during epididymal transit and may thus increase the negative charge on the sperm plasma membrane. An increase in anodic mobility is a characteristic change associated with sperm maturation and implies a role for acidic epididymal glycoprotein in this process. PMID- 7236715 TI - Amphiphilic properties of the low molecular weight component of serum amyloid-A protein shown by charge-shift electrophoresis. AB - To test whether the low molecular weight component of serum amyloid-A protein (SAAL) is amphiphilic in character, serum amyloid-A protein (SAA)-containing sera and isolated SAAL were subjected to charge-shift electrophoresis by the technique of Helenius and Simons (Helenius, a. and Simons, K. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Aci. U.S.A. 74, 529-532). When compared to six hydrophilic and two amphiphilic serum proteins, SAAL was shown to behave like the latter in this test. Therefore, SAAL displays properties of apolipoproteins and integral membrane proteins. In the same test, amyloid-A protein (AA) also was found to be amphiphilic, confirming a previous report. The fact that protein AA displays a larger charge shift than that of protein SAAL suggests that the main hydrophobic site of SAAL resides in its N-terminal AA-portion rather than in its C-terminal (SL) part. PMID- 7236716 TI - Effect of piracetam on sickle erythrocytes and sickle hemoglobin. AB - Piracetam, 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide, inhibits sickling of red cells containing sickle hemoglobin (Hb S). The concentration required for 50% inhibition is about 300 mM. Addition of piracetam into the supersaturated Hb S solution in concentrated phosphate buffer prolongs the delay time prior to gelation. Piracetam shifts the oxygen equilibrium curves of blood toward the right, with a stronger effect at higher piracetam concentrations. Piracetam increases the viscosity of oxygenated cells but reduces the relative viscosity of deoxygenated sickle cells. The mechanism for the antisickling effect of piracetam will be discussed. PMID- 7236717 TI - 31p nuclear relaxation studies of para- and diamagnetic cobalamins in their two isomeric forms. AB - A new, naturally occurring isomeric form of vitamin B-12 was reported by us earlier (Katada, M., Tyagi, S., Nath, A., Petersen, R.L. and Gupta, R.K. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 584, 149-163). The Mossbauer parameters of various derivatives of vitamin B-12, including the one-electron reduced species, cob(II) alamin (vitamin B-12r), exhibit differences for the two isomeric forms. This and some other observations from our laboratory indicated that the new form (vitamin B-12') presumably constitutes a conformational isomer possessing a different puckering of the corrin ring. The 31P nuclear relaxation studies of vitamins B 12r and B-12'r, B-12 and B-12', and dicyanocobalamin as compared to dicyanocobalamin' reported here are consistent with our earlier conjecture. The relaxation of the 31P nucleus in cob(II)alamins is primarily due to its dipolar interaction with the paramagnetic cobalt and therefore the measurement of the 31P nuclear relaxation times (T1) in the two isomeric forms permits us to calculate Co(II)-31P distances. The Co(II)-31P distance in vitamin B-12'r is found to be larger than that in vitamin B-12r. The 31P T1 value in the diamagnetic cob(III) alamins is determined predominantly by its dipolar interaction with the two closest protons flanking the phosphate group, one being situated on the ribose moiety and the other on the amino propanol group. The nuclear relaxation times T1 of cyanocobalamin and dicyanocobalamin differ from ;those of their corresponding conformational isomers. The observed differences in 31P relaxation rates of the para- and diamagnetic cobalamins in their two isomeric forms can be understood on the basis of structural changes arising from variations in the nature of puckering of the corrin ring. The 31P chemical shifts in the two isomers remain essentially unchanged, indicating that the structural differences in the isomeric forms do not alter the electronic environment of the phosphorus nucleus. PMID- 7236718 TI - Comparative action of reducing agents on fibrillar human bronchial mucus under dissociating and non-dissociating conditions. AB - Gel=like or fibrillar human bronchial mucus was reduced with mercaptoethanol under dissociating and non-dissociating conditions. Bronchial mucus was solubilized in both conditions; but reduction in phosphate buffer induced more extensive depolymerization of mucus glycoproteins than obtained under reduction in guanidine. Moreover, mucins prepared by reduction in non-dissociating conditions contained less amino acid and more carbohydrate. These data strongly suggest that reduction under non-dissociating conditions does not act only on disulfide bridges but also induces the activation of a mucolytic enzymatic system. They also would explain some of the discrepancies observed in the molecular weight determination and chemical composition of human bronchial mucus glycoproteins purified after reduction of gel-like mucus under different conditions. PMID- 7236720 TI - Ligand-dependent polymerization of tetrameric hemoglobin from the blood clam Anadara broughtonii. AB - Hemoglobin (Hb II) of the blood clam Anadara broughtonii has a alpha 2 beta 2 sub unit structure in athe oxy form with a sedimentation constant of 4.8 S. When deoxygenated, Hb II polymerizes with a major component, S20,w = 11.5 (above 150 microM in heme). Deoxy polymerization was not observed in a highly diluted protein below 20 microM (in heme). Gel filtration of Hb II in the deoxygenated state indicated that the major component has an apparent molecular weight of 195 000, which corresponds to a dodecamer. However, the sedimentation pattern and the elution profile of gel filtration showed the polymerization to be somewhat asymmetric. These results suggest that deoxy Hb II may polymerize with different polymerization states. We examined oxygen equilibria of Hb II in a range of 3- 180 microM (in heme). Influences of the polymerization on its oxygen affinity and cooperativity were found to be very small. We have also found that the deoxy polymerization was completely prevented when all the sulfhydryl groups of the hemoglobin molecule were modified with p-chloromercuribenzoate. PMID- 7236719 TI - Ferric ion sequestering agents: kinetics of iron release from ferritin to catechoylamides. AB - The removal of ferric ion from the iron storage protein ferritin to synthetic catechoylamide sequestering agents has been studied using visible spectroscopy at 487 nm. One ligand which has been investigated in detail is N,N',N' ',-tris(2,3 dihydroxy-5-sulfobenzoyl)-1,5,10-triazadecane (3,4-LICAMS), which octahedrally coordinates the metal ion via six phenolic oxygens. For some related catechoylamide chelates, the percentage of iron removed after 6 h has been determined. These ligands incorporate various modifications, either on the catechol moiety or on the backbone structure of the ligand. Mobilization of iron by the catechoylamide ligands alone results in very slow exchange, and virtually no iron removal after 6 h. In contrast, addition of ascorbic acid to the reaction mixture facilitates iron exchange, with the release of 7% of the available iron in the same time span. Variation of the initial rate with ascorbic acid concentration results in Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Km = 1.7 . 10(-3) M and a maximal rate of 1.28 . 10(-7) M . min-1. The ascorbic acid-mediated rate was not affected by changing the catechoylamide ligand concentration, and was only slightly affected by variation of the ligand employed. These data are consistent with a multistep process which includes diffusion of a reductant into the ferritin inner core, reduction and possible chelation of the ferrous ion, diffusion out of the protein shell, and subsequent iron exchange with the catechoylamide molecule. PMID- 7236721 TI - Isoelectric focusing studies of radish beta-fructofuranosidase polymorphism. PMID- 7236722 TI - Correlation of mobilities of mutant hemoglobins in citrate agar electrophoresis with specific molecular locations of affected residues. PMID- 7236724 TI - Synthesis, glycosylation and rapid secretion of a glycoprotein by Achlya, a primitive eucaryote. AB - Achlya ambisexualis, a water mold, secretes several glycoproteins during exponential growth. Among these is a major protein of 39 000 daltons (protein A 39) which is secreted very rapidly. Protein A-39 is detected among the soluble cellular proteins labeled for 5 min. However, after longer labeling times, an additional 95 000 dalton glycoprotein was immunoprecipitated from among the cytoplasmic proteins by antiserum against protein A-39. This antiserum reacted with a single 37 000 dalton protein from the in vitro translation products of poly(A)-containing RNA in a wheat germ cell-free system which is cleaved to a faster moving component in the presence of dog pancreatic membranes. Immunoprecipitated, chain-completion products of polysomes also show a 37 000 dalton peptide which does not bind to lectins, indicating absence of co translational cleavage and glycosylation. Tunicamycin inhibits the appearance of the 95 000 dalton protein. Several immunoprecipitable proteins, including protein A-39, having sizes identical to the secretory proteins accumulate in the cytoplasm in the presence of this inhibitor. A short pulse with [3H]glucosamine followed by a chase showed that incorporation in protein A-39 increases while that in 95 000 dalton protein is decreasing. These results suggest that the 95 000 dalton glycoprotein may serve as a glycosyl donor to secretory protein A-39. PMID- 7236723 TI - In vivo fate of large unilamellar sphingomyelin-cholesterol liposomes after intraperitoneal and intravenous injection into rats. AB - We investigated the fate of intraperitoneally and intravenously injected reverse phase evaporation vesicles of fairly uniform size (100-200 nm) with respect to blood clearance, tissue distribution and integrity in vivo. The vesicles are composed of sphingomyelin and cholesterol in a molar ratio 3 : 2 and contain 125I labeled poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) in the aqueous compartment. It is shown that following an intraperitoneal injection the vesicles are transported intact, and not associated with cells, from the peritoneal cavity to the blood and are subsequently taken up mainly by liver and spleen, where, particularly in liver, the phospholipid is partially metabolized. After an intraperitoneal injection the rate of vesicle-uptake by liver and spleen is reduced by a factor of 2-3 compared to the rate of vesicle-uptake by liver and spleen following an intravenous injection. The peritoneal cavity functions as a reservoir of vesicles for some hours. The rates of blood clearance and uptake of the vesicles by liver and spleen appear to be slower than that found for vesicles of different lipid composition. PMID- 7236725 TI - Synthesis and accumulation of mannose-containing glycopeptides in human fibroblast cells: possible separate pathways for neutral and acidic glycopeptides. AB - The normal human fibroblast, WI-38, was labelled with radioactive mannose and its incorporation, as well as the accumulation of acidic and neutral glycopeptides on the cell surface, was followed as a function of time. The transit time of newly made Pronase-released cell surface glycopeptides from their intracellular site of synthesis to the cell surface was slower in nongrowing cells than in a rapidly growing culture. When the surface glycopeptides were separated by high-voltage paper electrophoresis into neutral and acidic species, it was observed that the cell surface material was initially enriched with neutral glycopeptides. However, with time the relative proportion of acidic species increased so that by 3 h the ratio between the acidic and neutral species approached a constant value. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that multiple pathways for asparagine linked glycoprotein biosynthesis are possible. PMID- 7236726 TI - Permeant anions are not required for norepinephrine secretion from pheochromocytoma cells. AB - The 'chemiosmotic' model for secretion proposed by Pollard and his colleagues (Int. Rev. Cytol. 58, 159-197, 1979) was tested with pheochromocytoma cells. Contrary to the prediction of this model, norepinephrine secretion did not require the presence of a permeant anion in the medium. Secretion was not blocked by replacing much of the Cl- of the medium with isethionate or by replacing all of the Cl- salts of the medium with isotonic sucrose. Biochemical evidence is presented to indicate that the cells secreted by the normal exocytotic mechanism in the sucrose medium. Making the normal bathing medium hypertonic with 300 mM sucrose increased the basal level of norepinephrine release, but also suppressed secretion in response to a strong secretagogue (1 mM Ba2+). The data indicate that the Pollard model does not apply to pheochromocytoma cells, but suggest the possible involvement of osmotic pressure in exocytosis. PMID- 7236728 TI - Modified in vivo behavior of liposomes containing synthetic glycolipids. AB - Liposomes with synthetic saccharide determinants were prepared from synthetic cholesterol conjugates of D-mannose and 6-amino-6-deoxy-D-mannose and labeled with [51Cr]chromate. The kinetics and tissue distribution of label in mice were determined after footpad and subcutaneous injection. Liposomes bearing either of these saccharide determinants greatly increased retention of label at the injection sites compared to control liposomes, which contain no glycolipid, and to free [51Cr]chromate. Draining lymph nodes contained small fractions of the injected radioactivity but in some cases this retention was saccharide-dependent and highly concentrated. These results show that incorporation of synthetic glycolipids can substantially alter the in vivo lifetime and distribution of liposomes outside the bloodstream. Such surface-modified liposomes may be useful for sustained release or selective delivery of therapeutic or diagnostic agents. PMID- 7236727 TI - Agonist specific effects of guanine nucleotides on muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rat anterior pituitary membranes. AB - The effects of guanine nucleotides on the binding affinity of muscarinic cholinergic receptors for muscarinic agents were studied in rat anterior pituitary membranes using direct ligand binding methods with [3H]quinuclidinyl benzylate, GTP and Gpp(NH)p at a concentration of 0.1 mM markedly decreased the binding affinity of the agonist, oxotremorine, for the receptors but had no effect on the binding of the antagonist, atropine. Mg2+ (1 mM) on the other had markedly increased the binding affinity of oxotremorine but not that of atropine. Thus, it is conceivable that the release of the growth hormone or the inhibition of prolactin release by acetylcholine, which we and others have previously shown, is modulated by the opposite actions of guanine nucleotides and divalent metal ions such as Mg2+. PMID- 7236729 TI - Glucocorticoid hormone receptors in rat pancreas. AB - Although glucocorticoids influence pancreatic function, it has not been established whether they act directly at the level of the pancreas, or indirectly by causing metabolic changes in other target tissues. As a step in elucidating the actions of glucocorticoids on the pancreas, a search was conducted for glucocorticoid hormone receptors in this tissue. Uptake and binding studies indicated that there were glucocorticoid hormone receptors in the high-speed cytosolic extract of rat pancreas. These receptors appear to be similar to other rat glucocorticoid receptors: they bind glucocorticoids rapidly in a reversible manner at 0 degrees C, competitive binding analysis studies show that they have a preference for glucocorticoids and, like other receptors, bind the synthetic steroids triamcinolone acetonide and dexamethasone with a higher affinity than corticosterone. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that there are 1.37 . 10(-13) mol glucocorticoid-binding sites/mg cytosolic protein. This demonstration of a glucocorticoid hormone receptor in pancreatic cytosol suggests that some of the effects glucocorticoids exert on pancreatic function are a consequence of their direct actions on this target tissue. PMID- 7236730 TI - Transfer of glucose in the biosynthesis of thyroid glycoproteins. II. Possibility of a direct transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to proteins. AB - When thyroid rough microsomes are incubated with labeled UDPglucose, extensive labeling occurs on endogenous protein. The present study reports various time course experiments of glucose incorporation from UDPglucose either into endogenous acceptors or into exogenous synthetic peptide, whether or not conditions are used which depress dolichol-P-glucose synthesis. The results are not compatible with the presently accepted idea of oligosaccharide lipids as sole donors of labeled glucose to proteins. Some structural properties of glucose labeled oligosaccharides released from proteins by endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase H were also investigated. They appeared to be of a single species and less degradable by alpha-mannosidase than their lipid-linked counterpart. Since glucose-labeled glycopeptides were found susceptible to a beta glucosidase, it is proposed that some labeled glucose residues are involved in beta-linkages. The possibility is raised that glucose might be directly transferred from UDPglucose to endogenous glycoproteins. PMID- 7236731 TI - Characterization of epidermal glycosaminoglycans synthesized in organ culture. AB - 1. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis together with specific enzymic and chemical degradation procedures indicated that hyaluronic acid (83%) and heparan sulphate (14%) were the major glycosaminoglycans synthesized by the epidermis when pig ear skin slices were cultured in the presence of D-[3H]-glucosamine and 35SO4 2-. 81% and 50%, respectively, of the total amount of each epidermal glycosaminoglycan was extracellular. 2. Total epidermal glycosaminoglycan synthesis decreased by 50% after 5 days in culture. 3. When the epidermis was cultured in the absence of the dermis the synthesis of hyaluronic acid was considerably reduced. The synthesis of sulphated glycosaminoglycans was essentially unaffected by the absence of the dermis. 4. 10(-5) M all-trans-retinoic acid stimulated the synthesis of hyaluronic acid and, to a lesser extent, of sulphated glycosaminoglycans whether the dermis was absent or present during culture. 5. The results suggest that hyaluronic acid may play an important role in some aspects of epidermal differentiation. PMID- 7236732 TI - Putrescine turnover in kidneys of testosterone-treated mice. AB - Putrescine turnover was studied in testosterone stimulated mouse kidney after labeling the endogenous pool of putrescine with the polyamine precursor [3H]ornithine. Renal putrescine was rapidly labeled after the administration of radioactive ornithine, reaching maximal activities at the time of the earliest measurement (5 min after injection). The content of labeled putrescine then declined extremely rapid with a half-life of about 15 min. Treatment with the diamine oxidase inhibitor, aminoguanidine, did not affect this rapid turnover. The decline in radioactive putrescine was not accompanied by an increase in labeled spermine. However, testosterone treatment resulted in a marked increase in urinary content of both labeled and unlabeled putrescine indicating that most of the newly synthesized renal putrescine is excreted in the urine. PMID- 7236733 TI - Absence of hydrocortisone from cytoplasmic hormone-protein complexes formed in vivo after administration of biologically active doses of [3H]hydrocortisone. AB - After administration of [3H]hydrocortisone to adrenalectomized rats, hormone protein complexes were isolated from liver cytosol by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. After application of biologically active and inactive doses of hydrocortisone five binding components were detected eluting at the same salt concentrations as the hormone-protein complexes observed after incubation of cytosol with [3H]hydrocortisone in vitro. The isolated hormone-protein fractions were acidified and extracted with ethylacetate and the steroids were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. No significant amount of hydrocortisone could be detected in any of the complexes formed in vivo 5-60 min after administration of biologically active doses of hydrocortisone. 3 xi, 11 beta, 17 alpha, 20 xi, 21 Pentahydroxypregnane, steroidal carboxy acids, glucuronides and a very polar conjugate of hydrocortisone were found in the different fractions. After an in vivo dose of hydrocortisone of about 1/5000th of the minimal dose required for enzyme induction, hydrocortisone could be found in all the cytoplasmic hormone protein complexes formed. In contrast to the cytoplasmic hormone-protein complexes, hydrocortisone could be readily demonstrated in nuclei isolated after the administration of biologically active doses of hormone, although acid metabolites were found to represent the main part of the radioactive compounds present in the nuclei. These acid metabolites were located in the nuclear envelope. These results seem to contradict the generally accepted theory that hydrocortisone induces biosynthesis of proteins via a cytoplasmic hydrocortisone receptor complex: after administration of biologically active doses of hydrocortisone, no such complex could be detected. PMID- 7236734 TI - Mode of binding and internalization into mouse macrophages of heparin complexed with polycations. AB - Heparin uptake by cultured macrophages was investigated from the standpoint of: (1) whether the increased uptake in the presence of polycations is due to charge neutralization, and (2) whether the heparin becomes internalized. Regarding the first point, our results are compatible with the notion that charge neutralization is mainly responsible for the enhanced uptake of heparin in the presence of protamine, histone, poly(DL-lysine) and poly(L-ornithine). As for the second point, chasing experiments at low and high temperatures strongly suggest that while heparin binds onto the cell membrane at both 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C, it undergoes internalization only at 37 degrees C. PMID- 7236735 TI - Purification of a high-affinity discoidin I-binding proteoglycan from axenic Dictyostelium discoideum growth medium. AB - The axenic Dictyostelium discoideum growth medium HL-5, prepared using Difco proteose peptone No. 2, contains an extremely potent inhibitor of the binding of 125I-labeled discoidin I to glutaraldehyde-fixed, cohesive D. discoideum cells. Axenic strain A3 D. discoideum cells bind or internalize the inhibitor during growth in HL-5 medium and subsequently shed or excrete it while differentiating in suspension. The inhibitor has been purified from Difco proteose peptone No. 2 by sequential gel filtration on Sepharose 4B and affinity adsorption using discoidin I-Sepharose. The inhibitor is heterogeneous in molecular weight (4 . 10(5)--2 . 10(6)), but is relatively homogeneous in density on CsCl density gradients. The size and activity of the inhibitor are resistant to periodate, reduction and maleylation, proteases, nucleases and heating in the absence or presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Mild alkali causes a partial reduction in activity and converts the higher molecular weight fraction of the inhibitor to a lower molecular weight. The purified inhibitor contains neutral hexose, hexosamine and amino acid in an approximate molar ratio of 4 : 3 : 2. These and other properties suggest that the inhibitor is an unusual proteoglycan. Certain well-characterized glycosaminoglycans are relatively potent inhibitors of discoidin I binding. The proteoglycan reported here is the most potent discoidin I-binding inhibitor ever identified. PMID- 7236736 TI - Glucagon structure-function relationships using isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - The ability of glucagon and several of its semi-synthetic analogues to stimulate glucose production in isolated rat hepatocytes was measured and compared for relative potencies. The order of decreasing biological activities of glucagon in this assay was as follows: glucagon greater than [HArg12]-glucagon greater than [des-Asn28, Thr29][homoserinehydrazide27]-glucagon approx. equal to [des-His1] glucagon greater than [des-Asn28, Thr29][homoserinelactone27]-glucagon greater than [des-Asn28, Thr29]-[n-butylhomoserineamide27]-glucagon greater than glucagon1-21. Qualitatively, these results are similar to those obtained previously in the hepatic plasma membrane adenylate cyclase assay. Minor exceptions were noted for the hydrazide derivative and the partial agonist [des His1]-glucagon, both of which were slightly more potent relative to glucagon in the glycogenolytic assay than in the adenylate cyclase assay. The assay provides important insight into glucagon structure-function relationships. PMID- 7236737 TI - Presence of glycosaminoglycans in retinal capillary basement membrane. AB - Retinal microvessels were isolated from bovine eyes and the basement membranes were purified either directly or after incubation with [35S]sulfate and [14C]glucosamine. The basement membranes, which were purified by osmotic lysis and sequential treatment with detergents, had the general compositional features associated with basement membrane collagens, including high levels of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine and the presence of 3-hydroxyproline and cystine. After pronase digestion, cellulose acetate electrophoresis of glycosaminoglycans from retinal microvessel basement membrane revealed material comigrating with heparan sulfate that was insensitive to digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase ad chondroitinase ABC. Retinal microvessels also incorporated [35S]- and [14C]glucosamine into glycosaminoglycans that were isolated following pronase digestion of the retinal microvessel basement membrane purified from these incubations. The findings provide the first demonstration that glycosaminoglycans are integral components of the retinal microvascular basement membrane and suggest that heparan sulfate is the major glycosaminoglycan species in this basement membrane. PMID- 7236738 TI - Crossed-immunoelectrophoretic study on human renal brush border membrane vesicles. AB - The human kidney brush border membrane proteins were studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. An antiserum against membrane vesicles was raised in rabbits and used in establishing a reference immunoelectrophoregram with the antigens released by Triton X-100. Among the precipitates observed, the following hydrolases were identified by zymogram staining: Microvillus aminopeptidase (EC 3..4.11.2), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), maltase (EC3.2.1.20) and trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28). Depletion of the antiserum with sealed, right-side-out vesicles was performed. No precipitates could be seen when the Triton X-100 extract was electrophoresed in a gel containing the depleted antibody. It is therefore suggested that the precipitation of membrane components by the complete antibody is mainly due to externally-located determinants and that the precipitates of the reference pattern correspond to membrane components pointing, at least in part, towards the tubular lumen. Evidence was also noted for a differential removal of antibodies directed against the different antigens. Such an observation could not be explained by the antigen accessibility nor by its amount in the membrane. Parallel crossed-immunoelectrophoresis of Triton X-100 and papain extracts gave rise to an "identity" pattern for only some antigens, particularly for microvillus aminopeptidase and maltase. It is thus strongly suggested that the papain-released form of these enzymes bears nearly all the antigenicity of the whole molecule. PMID- 7236739 TI - [Effect of the addition of hog pancreatic colipase on the permeability to glucose and the phase transition of phosphatidyl choline liposomes]. AB - An interaction between porcine pancreatic coli-pase and lecithin liposomes is demonstrated by gel filtration assays. The extent of the colipase penetration into the phospholipid bilayer was assessed by permeability and calorimetry studies carried out on the liposome colipase complex. The addition of colipase to liposomes induces a three fold increase in the permeability to [6-H3] glucose. This result reflects a perturbation in the bilayer which may be the consequence of the colipase interaction. The phase transition temperature is not modified by the added colipase. This observation suggests that the perturbation brought by the protein does not affect the acyl chain packing of the bulk lipid. On the other hand the enthalpy of transition (delta H) is decreased from 8.9 to 7.8 kcal/mole by the addition of colipase to the lipid. This could be explained by the interaction of the colipase with neighbouring acyl chains which do not participate in the cooperative melting of the bulk lipid. In agreement with previous spectrophotometric observations, the present results are indicative of hydrophobic interactions between colipase and bilayer hydrocarbon chains. PMID- 7236740 TI - [Effect of toyocamycin on the biosynthesis of viral glycoproteins in a cell line chronically infected with a murine retrovirus]. AB - Toyocamycin (TMC), an adenosine analog has been previously reported to inhibit both number and infectivity of retrovirus particles released by chronically infected cells (Bonar et al., 1970; Riman, 1971; Mauchauffe et al., 1979). We have previously shown that loss of infectivity could result from the incorporation of TMC in place of adenosine in the genomic 35S RNA (Larsen et al., 1979). This phenomenon is likely to impair the structure of the viral genome in such a way that reverse transcriptase cannot properly copy the template. Another consequence of the Toyocamycin action on the retrovirus particles released by analog-treated cells was their reduced content in envelope glycoprotein or gp70 (Mathieu - Mahul et al., 1979). In order to find the origin of this defect, which could also explain the loss of infectivity, viral polypeptides present in the cytoplasm of Toyocamycin-treated cells were analyzed by immunoprecipitation with specific antisera. The results indicated a diminution of the biosynthesis of the envelope glycoprotein and other GAG gene-related polypeptides. However, the gpr85env precursor was normally synthesized and processed into its final products (gp70 + p15E), which accumulated in the cells. These result make it likely that Toyocamycin has no specific effect on the virus replicative process in chronically infected cells but acts by deteriorating cellular functions, which are necessary to virus assembly. Indeed, it was found that a membrane fraction corresponding to smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus was severely reduced if not totally suppressed in TMC-treated cells. PMID- 7236741 TI - Enzymatic characterization and analytical fractionation of L1210 cells. AB - The enzymatic characterization and analytical fractionation of L1210 cells have been performed in view of studying the cellular pharmacology of antitumoral drugs. Several enzymatic activities were detected and their assay conditions optimized. After a gentle homogenization to preserve as much as possible the integrity of the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles, homogenates were fractionated by differential and isopycnic centrifugation. On the basis of pH dependency, effect of detergents and distributions after cell fractionation, enzymatic activities and biochemical constituents can be classified in several groups and by analogy to other organs or cultured cells, attributed to distinct cellular components. N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-L-fucosidase, alpha-D mannosidase detected at acid pH and cathepsin D are therefore proposed as markers of lysosomes; inosine diphosphatase and uridine monophosphatase as markers of the plasma membrane, while phosphoglucomutase and neutral pyrophosphatase on one hand and galactosyl transferase and alpha-D-mannosidase at pH 6.0 on the other hand are attributed respectively to the cytosol and the Golgi apparatus. PMID- 7236743 TI - Micellar phospholipids and oleic acid uptake by rat intestinal sacs, in vitro. PMID- 7236742 TI - Reevaluation of the action of reducing agents on soluble mucus glycoproteins from human bronchial secretion. PMID- 7236744 TI - Ion-binding by muscular parvalbumins of the alpha phylogenetic series. A proton relaxation enhancement study with pike 5.0 parvalbumin. PMID- 7236745 TI - An advanced version of the dynamic receptor pattern generation model: the flux model. AB - In the recently described simple model of dynamic receptor pattern generation we used a two dimensional hexagonal area of a regular triangular network, formed by a statistically constant distribution of unit electostatic changes in a dynamic equilibrium. A set of 16 trnasition rules was applied to all units simultaneously; the next state of each unit depended only on the previous state of its six nearest neighbours, and the transition of the total pattern into the new one occurred in a single jump. Hence we designated the initial simple model as "jump model". In this paper we described an advanced version of the model, in which simplified rules are applied to one unit after the other in a sequential order, from left to right, starting with the top row of units. In the advanced version the state of a unit depends not only on that of its six nearest neighbours, but also on the state of all units preceding in sequence the one actually considered. This results in flux-like transitions. We therefore designated the advanced version as the "flux model". It is shown that the flux model represents a closer approximation of physical and biological realities than the original jump model. PMID- 7236746 TI - The z-model -- a proposal for spatial and temporal modeling of visual threshold perception. AB - By considering only the modulation transfer functions of stationary, uniformly moved, and time modulated sinusoidal gratings it is possible to derive a simple model, the "z-model", for the spatio-temporal frequency behaviour of one dimensional patterns. The transmission function of this model is a band pass function of a single coordinate z, which is a quadratic form of the spatial and temporal frequencies (rotational symmetry with respect to space and time). The model is determined by only three constants. Optionally a time phase which accounts for delay and phase distortion can be added. This model can also be derived from reaction time measurements for switched on sinusoidal gratings. With this model the response of a wide variety of spaito-temporal patterns have been calculated and compared with measured threshold data. For two-dimensional patterns orientational filtering has to be added to the model leading to a further parameter. This model predicts satisfactorily the threshold modulation for a great variety of arbitrary spaito-temporal patterns. However the absolute threshold value for aperiodic transient patterns differs slightly in direction of smaller sensitivity as compared with periodic stationary patterns. This suggests that the peak detection scheme usually used in threshold detection modeling should be replaced by an integrative mechanism. PMID- 7236747 TI - A model of visual perception. AB - In this paper we propose a model of visual perception in which a positive feedback mechanism can reproduce the pattern stimulus on a neurons screen. The pattern stimulus reproduction is based on informations coming from the spatial derivatives of visual pattern. This information together with the response of the feature extractors provides to the reproduction of the visual pattern as neuron screen electric activity. We simulate several input patterns and prove that the model reproduces the percept. PMID- 7236749 TI - Some psychophysical determinants of discrete Moire patterns. AB - In a series of experiments we have investigated the perception of Moire patterns as a function of spatial density, rotation and temporal display parameters. Results indicate that the local correlation extraction processes involved in the perception of these patterns is not feature specific, yet is driven by excitatory (correlated) and inhibitory (uncorrelated) information under a form of spatial summation. These results are comparable with recent results on texture discrimination where texture interpoint distance distributions (dipole statistics) have also been discovered to have excitatory and inhibitory components. PMID- 7236748 TI - Natural and drug-induced variations of velocity and duration of human saccadic eye movements: evidence for a control of the neural pulse generator by local feedback. AB - The present report considers goal directed human saccadic eye movements. It addresses the question how a given perceived target excentricity is transformed into the innervation pattern that creates the saccade to the target. More specifically, it investigates whether this pattern is an appropriately selected preprogram or whether it is continuously controlled by a local feedback loop that compares a non-visual eye position signal to the perceived target excentricity (a visual signal would be too slow). To this end, the relation between the accuracy of saccades aimed at a given target and their velocity and duration was examined. Duration and velocity were found to vary by as much as 60% while the amplitude showed no related variation and had an almost constant accuracy of about 90%. By administrating diazepam, the variabiity of saccade duration and velocity could be further increased, but still the amplitude remained almost constant. These results favour the hypothesis that saccadic innervation is controlled by a local feedback loop. PMID- 7236750 TI - Contrast Discrimination by the human visual system. AB - In vision of everyday scenes, features requiring detection are frequently observed in the presence of suprathreshold background structures. Detection of such features is a contrast discrimination task and is often necessary for the subsequent process of recognition. In order to provide a description of this task, contrast discrimination measurements were determined for targets having luminance profiles which were localised in both space and spatial frequency. The investigation extends earlier work on this topic by measurement of contrast discrimination levels for different base contrasts, sizes,, luminances and aspect ratios of the targets. For all conditions, it is shown that the functional variation of the contrast discrimination level with base contrast can be described, approximately, by a single curve with one scaling constant. This constant is specified by the contrast threshold level of the target. A model is proposed to describe the contrast discrimination process. The model contains two noise sources, one with noise level proportional to the target contrast and the other with noise level proportional to the contrast thershold level of the target. Predictions from the model adequately describe the experimental data of contrast discrimination against base contrast and, in addition, fit data on the probability of discrimination against the level of contrast difference. An example is given of a simple application of the model to the determination of the number of discriminable steps in contrast as a function of the spatial frequency of a sinusoidal grating target. PMID- 7236751 TI - Modelling the visual cortex with "Modulo system" concept. AB - "Modulo system" is a general information extracting and processing network for modelling the nervous system. Its essential features are briefly summarized. The concept is applied to visual pattern recognition. The input is a two-dimensional picture of an object. The network extracts the contours, the line-segments, the lines of different directions, and the vertices of different numbers of lines, in successive functional layers. Afterwards, it recognized the simplest known pattern which has the actually extracted features. Uncertainty, association, and tolerance are also concerned. The network is detailed for the classification of of three-dimensional geometrical objects. PMID- 7236752 TI - A model of excitatory synaptic interactions between pacemakers. Its reality, its generality, and the principles involved. PMID- 7236753 TI - A neuromime system for neural circuit analysis. AB - A system of electronic analog neurons (neuromimes) for modeling the activity in small neuronal networks is described. The system consists of sixteen analogs that simulate the integrative neuronal properties at the axon hillock and sixty-four analogs that serve to simulate synaptic interactions. The neuromime properties are based on a potential model incorporating the following properties: membrane potential, threshold, refractory period, adaptation, post-inhibitory rebound, accommodation and pacemaker potential. Use of matrix switch boards provides for convenient interconnection of the neuromime elements, allowing the construction of even complex circuits. PMID- 7236754 TI - Analysis of entrainment of circadian oscillators by skeleton photoperiods using phase transition curves. AB - A skeleton photoperiod consists of two short pulses which are applied on the circadian oscillator at times corresponding to the beginning and to the end of a continuous light stimulus. To study several problems in entrainment of circadian rhythms by skeleton photoperiods, we develop a simple diagrammatic solution of the steady state entrainment making use of phase transition curves which are directly gotten from phase response curves. The graphical method is simple and systematic to study entrainment by light cycles with various day lengths. As the method is also intuitive, we can easily examine three problems. (1) In Drosophila the phase relation (psi) between rhythm and light cycle is a continuous function of day length of skeleton photoperiods up to about 12 h, but a marked discontinuity (psi-jump) sets in between 13 and 14 h. By the diagrammatic method we find that psi-jump is mathematically a bifurcation phenomenon. (2) The action of photoperiods up to about 12 h is fully simulated by two 15-min skeleton pulses. Do 3-min skeleton pulses imitate the complete photoperiods? We find that pulse width is arbitrary to some extent. (3) Why skeleton photoperiods up to about 12 h are good models of complete photoperiods? The reason is the small amplitude and the nearly symmetrical form of phase response curves in the subjective day. PMID- 7236755 TI - Adaptive neural encoder model with selfinhibition and threshold control. AB - A general model for an adaptive neural encoder relating the output firing frequency to input stimulus is presented. The model is based on an "integrate and fire at threshold" scheme and includes cumulative inhibitory feedback as well as output rate dependent threshold control. PMID- 7236756 TI - The effect of a moving foveal target on the subjective sensation of motion. AB - In this paper, we report on two experiments concerning the effect of the visual field of fovea on the subjective estimation of angular velocity. Experiment 1 investigates the effect of a slow moving target on the perception of self motion. The result of this experiment can be summarized as follows: a slow moving target seen in the visual field of fovea by a stationary person generates in this person a sensation of self rotation in the same direction as the motion of the target. This phenomenon will be called foveal induced ego motion. Experiment 2 investigates the latency for the detection of a self angular acceleration when the person focusses his fovea on a slowly moving target. From the results of this experiment we conclude that the latency for detection of a small self angular acceleration is shorter if the person sees a small foveal target moving with respect to the person in the direction of self rotation than if that small foveal target is moving (with respect to the person) in the opposite direction. The results of these experiments help us in refining existing models of visual vestibular interaction, by providing a model which accounts for the phenomenon of oculogyral illusion. PMID- 7236757 TI - Characterization of spatial and temporal properties of monkey LGN Y-cells. AB - LGN Y-cells in 3 anaesthetized (N2O/O2) and paralyzed rhesus monkeys were investigated with stimuli, intensity modulated by gaussian white noise, and with moving and counterphase modulated spatial sine wave gratings. The results support the model, postulated on the base of electrophysiological recordings in the retina cat and mudpuppy, which consists of a linear centre and surround mechanism whose responses are modified in a frequency-selective multiplicative way by a nonlinear mechanism in the receptive field. This nonlinear mechanism is also held responsible for the second-order harmonic responses, which are the defining characteristic of Y-cells. The temporal and spatial characteristics of these mechanisms were determined. The responses obtained with the GWN stimulation and with modulated spatial sine wave gratings both indicate that the optimal temporal frequency of the linear mechanisms is near 7 Hz and 70 td and near 5 Hz for the nonlinear mechanism. The optimal spatial frequency for the linear mechanism is between 0.5--2 cycles/deg and between 6--12 cycles/deg for the nonlinear mechanism. PMID- 7236758 TI - A self-organizing neural network model for the development of complex cells. AB - On the basis of recent neurophysiological findings on the mammalian visual cortex, a self-organizing neural network model is proposed for the understanding of the development of complex cells. The model is composed of two kinds of connections from LGN cells to a complex cell. One is direct excitatory connections and the other is indirect inhibitory connections via simple cells. Inhibitory synapses between simple cells and complex cells are assumed to be modifiable. The model was simulated on a computer to confirm its behavior. PMID- 7236760 TI - Human optokinetic responses under quasi-open and closed loop conditions. AB - The human optokinetic response to a horizontally moving stripped pattern surrounding the subject was investigated under quasi-open and closed loop conditions. Open loop conditions were produced by the addition of an external signal from measured slow phase eye velocity to stripe velocity. A comparison of open and closed loop responses to step and sinusoidal changes of stripe velocity indicates that the central nervous system controlling slow phase optokinetic following can be described as a simple first order lag (Ka/(s + a)) where K is 4.7 and the time constant, 1/a, is 1.25 s. PMID- 7236759 TI - Static input-output relations in the spinal recurrent inhibitory pathway. AB - The static discharge rate of Renshaw cells (studied in deafferented, intercollicularly decerebrate cats) has a nonlinear dependence on the frequency of trains of stimulus impulses to alpha-motor axons in the ventral root. This dependence is well described by a rectangular hyperbola that approaches saturation with increasing stimulus frequency. The tendency to saturate is independent of the number of motor axons exciting a Renshaw cell. On average, the stimulus frequency at which the discharge rate reaches half its saturation value lies between 10 and 15 Hz. The effect of Renshaw cell activity -- measured as the antidromic inhibition of individual alpha-motoneurons -- reflects the forms of the static frequency characteristics. An electric circuit analog of the Renshaw cell membrane is presented which serves to explain the qualitative features of the static input-output relations; the nonlinearity is the result of synapses with linear properties acting together at the cell membrane. PMID- 7236761 TI - Simulation of head movement trajectories: model and fit to main sequence. AB - A sixth order nonlinear model for horizontal head rotations in humans is presented and investigated using experimental results on head movement trajectories and neck muscle EMG. The controller signals, structured in accordance with time optimal control theory, are parameterized, and controller signal parameter variations show a dominating influence on different aspects of the head movement trajectory. The model fits the common head acceleration types over a wide range of amplitudes, and also less common (dynamic overshoot) trajectories. PMID- 7236763 TI - On the function of cell systems in area 18. Part I. AB - Proceeding from previous studies on cells in area 18, neurophysiological experiments were carried out using combination of deterministic and statistical stimuli. The evaluation of the results on the space, time and amplitude characteristic of the cells show that for nearly all cells in this area, pattern distortion and shift due to motion are eliminated by spatial asymmetry of the coupling and specific combinations of on-off systems. So, the extraction of features despite pattern movement is possible in area 18. The features are extracted in the low spatial frequency range. PMID- 7236762 TI - Sensitivity analysis and optimization for a head movement model. AB - A sixth order nonlinear model for horizontal head rotations in humans is analyzed using an extended parameter sensitivity analysis and a global optimization algorithm. The sensitivity analysis is used in both the direct sense, as a model fitting tool, and in the indirect sense, as a guide to experimental design. Resolution is defined in terms of the sensitivity table, and is used to interpret the sensitivity results. Using sensitivity analyses, the head and eye movement systems are compared and contrasted. Controller signal parameters are the most influential. Their variations and effects on head movement trajectories and accelerations are investigated, and the conclusions are compared with clinical neurological findings. The global optimization algorithm, in addition to automating the fitting of various types of data, is combined with time optimality theory to give theoretical time-optimal inputs to the model. PMID- 7236764 TI - On the function of cell systems in area 18. Part II. AB - In addition to the asymmetry of the spatial coupling and of the specific temporal combination of excitation and inhibition, the non-linearity is very pronounced in area 18. Taking the sequence of a linear operation and a stationary nonlinear characteristic as a model, the experimental findings can be systematized and cell classification specified which departs from the customary ones. The hypercomplex cell system probably originates in recurrent inhibition and leads to differentiation of the patterns along their contour line. Problems of cell classification and of the type of parallelism in the visual cortex are discussed. PMID- 7236765 TI - [Metabolism of lipid-carrying proteins of rat liver in normal rats and after phenobarbital injection]. AB - A protein fraction possessing a 209 times higher lipid-carrying activity in comparison with the original supernatant (X 105 000 g) was isolated from the livers of Wistar rats. The purification procedure included precipitation at pH 5,1, desalting with ammonium sulfate and gel-filtration through Sephadex G-50. Evidence from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggest that the fraction obtained consists of two components with molecular weights of 18 000 and 30 000. The half-life time of the proteins as determined by double radioactive labelling is 3,7 days. The microsomal oxidation inducer phenobarbital increases the half life time of lipid-carrying proteins by decreasing their degradation rate. PMID- 7236766 TI - [Membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor from the optical ganglia of the squid Berryteuthis magister]. AB - A procedure of isolation of membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor from the optical ganglia of the squid Berryteuthis magister has been developed. The method described entails tissue disruption by homogenization and ultrasonication, resulting in a crude membrane fraction, and a subsequent washing of the membranes with 1 M NaCl and 0,6 M KCl, reaching the receptor yield of 250 pM per 1 g of tissue. Some properties of the receptor, which is of nicotinic type, were studied. The Kd values for the receptor complexes with acetylcholine (3 +/- 0,5 mkM), nicotine (1 +/- 0,2 mkM), tubocurarine (0,3 +/- 0,1; 4,4 +/- 0,5 mkM), cytisine (0,5 +/- 0,1 mkM), etc. were determined. The binding depends on pH and decreases with a decrease of pH, is inhibited by high concentrations of NaCl and weakly depends on the concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and EDTA sodium salt. In contrast to the acetylcholine receptor of vertebrates, the receptor from the optical ganglia of B. magister is not blocked by decamethonium and alpha neurotoxin II from the Middle Asian cobra N. naja oxiana venom, a close analog of alpha-bungarotoxin. PMID- 7236767 TI - [Inhibition of fibrin assembly by fragment D and its dimer derived from fibrinogen and stabilized fibrin. Evidence for the two-step type of inhibition]. AB - The influence of purified fragments D and DD on fibrin monomer polymerization has been studied. When applied separately, DD is less strong an inhibitor than D. An addition of small amounts of DD to the reaction mixtures containing D does not change the inhibitory effect, when the concentration of the latter fragment is low. At high concentrations of D the contribution of DD becomes more pronounced. Small amounts of D added to DD-containing systems strongly enhances the inhibition. These properties of the D--DD mixtures are unpredictable and puzzling; they contradict the generally accepted view that the specific inhibitors of fibrin polymerization, to which D and DD belong, act in a simple competitive way. The whole incomprehensible situation may be clarified in terms of a hypothesis on a two-step mechanism of inhibition. It is assumed that at the first (preliminary) step of the inhibitor effect DD is less competent than D, whereas at the second step DD possessing a high affinity for the fibrin monomer, functions as the most effective competitive inhibitor. PMID- 7236768 TI - [Glycerolipid biosynthesis in vivo in subcellular fractions of greening wheat sprouts]. AB - The kinetics of [I-14C]acetate incorporation into the glycerolipids of subcellular fractions during the greening of dark-grown wheat sprouts were studied. Up to 80% of the label were incorporated into neutral lipids in the darkness. The main labelled polar lipids were phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl glycerol. The synthesis of the latter two compounds was predominantly coupled with the microsomal fraction. Illumination increased the galactolipid formation in the plastids, particularly that of galactosyldiacylglycerol. The role of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidyl choline as possible precursors of the galactolipid biosynthesis in developing plastids is discussed. PMID- 7236769 TI - [Components of cyclic electron transport in stromal subchloroplast particles enriched with photosystem I]. AB - The effects of specific electron transport inhibitors (e. g. Hg2+, dibromothymoquinone, antimycin A) on photo-induced oxidation-reduction of P700, electrochromic pigment changes and ATP yields in the photophosphorylation reactions of PS I-enriched subchloroplast particles, were studied. The results obtained suggest that in the absence of exogenous cofactors the cyclic electron transport proceeds through plastoquinone and plastocyanine molecules, partly maintained in the preparations. The low ATP production is correlated with the low rates of an electron transfer. The cyclic transfer increases to some extent after addition of exogenous plastocyanine; in addition to the above-mentioned carriers it includes also cytochrome b6; however, the electron flow in this case is not coupled with phosphorylation. None of these components are involved in cyclic electron transport in the presence of reduced DCIP, which ensures the ATP synthesis via an artificial loop for proton translocation. PMID- 7236770 TI - [Content of N-acetylneuraminic acid in water-soluble and membrane fractions of various fractions from rat brain cortex]. AB - The content of N-acetylneuraminic acid (ANA) was measured in the water-soluble and membrane fractions of the visual, locomotory, auditory and sensomotory divisions of rat brain cortex as well as in glycoproteins and glycolipids of the membrane fraction. The content of ANA in the water-soluble fraction of the visual, locomotory, auditory and sensomotory analyzers of brain cortex was 0.55, 0.56, 0.55 and 0.65 mkg/mg of dry weight, respectively. The ANA content in the membrane fraction was 9.2, 8.8, 8.2 and 8.4 mkg/mg of dry weight, respectively. The ANA content in the membrane fraction of glycoproteins was 2.8, 2.4, 2.2 and 2.8 mkg/mg of dry weight, respectively., that in the membrane fraction glycolipids--5.2, 7.2, 5.9 and 5.5 mkg/mg of dry weight, respectively. The ANA content in the membrane glycolipids of the locomotory division of rat brain cortex differed significantly from that of all the other divisions. PMID- 7236771 TI - [Kinetics and thermodynamics of the hydrolysis-synthesis reaction of acetyl-L methionine catalyzed by acylase I from hog kidney]. AB - The kinetics and thermodynamics of the equilibrium reaction of hydrolysis- synthesis of acetyl-L-methionine catalyzed by acylase I from hog kidney were studied. At high concentrations of the products (acetate ion and L-methionine) the acetyl-L-methionine hydrolysis does not proceed to completion but to the equilibrium position. The equilibrium constant of hydrolysis determined at the attained equilibrium in both directions, i.e. hydrolysis and synthesis, is equal to 3.6 +/- 0.4. Based on the initial rates of hydrolysis and synthesis, a kinetic pattern for the dependence of the reaction rate on concentration of the components of the system is proposed. Evidence for this kinetic pattern is supported by the Holden ratio and the coincidence of the kinetic parameters calculated from the total kinetic curves and the initial rates of hydrolysis and synthesis of acetyl-L-methionine. PMID- 7236772 TI - [Conformation of cytochrome b5 in soluble form and incorporated into artificial membranes]. AB - It was shown that 35% of the peptide groups, which form the right alpha-helices, are presented in the soluble fraction of cytochrome b5. The incorporation of cytochrome b5 into egg lecithine liposomes increases the number of alpha-helices up to 51%. On the contrary, the cytochrome incorporation into microsomal lipid liposomes slightly increases the degree of spiralization. The reduction of cytochrome b5 haem slightly decreases alpha-helices in the soluble haemoprotein as well as in the one incorporated into the artificial membrane irrespective of its phospholipid content. PMID- 7236774 TI - [Properties of polyribosomal complexes of loach embryonic cell cytoplasm]. AB - The translation-active complexes of the extranuclear region of cytoplasm of developing loach (Misgurnus fossilis) embryos were studied. The amount of ribosomes involved in polyribosomal complexes was shown to increase 6-fold from the blastula stage to organogenesis, making up only a small (3% and 18%, respectively) part of the total pool of cytoplasmic ribosomes. Free polyribosomes make up the bulk (up to 95%) of the total cytoplasmic polyribosomal pool at early stages of development (blastula, gastrula) and about 50% at late stages (organogenesis). The membrane-bound polyribosomes appear in early gastrulation; their content reaches its maximum (40-45%) in organogenesis. The newly formed RNAs liberated from the nucleus into the extranuclear space of the cytoplasm in the course of ontogenesis are incorporated into the polyribosomes (predominantly membrane-bound ones) not before the gastrulation starts. The proportion of these poly(A)-enriched mRNAs in the polyribosomes does not exceed 10% of the total amount of newly synthesized cytoplasmic RNAs at this stage. A population of light polyribosomes capable to synthesize histones was detected in free polyribosomes, which do not practically contain the newly formed RNAs. The data obtained are discussed in terms of the literary data on the type of RNA and protein synthesis in early ontogenesis. PMID- 7236773 TI - [Heterogeneity of the amino acid pool of the yeast cell with respect to the rate of carbon reduction]. AB - A new procedure for estimating the correlation between the metabolic and relatively stable carbon depots in the amino acid pool of the yeast cell is proposed. It has been shown that the metabolic carbon depot of the amino acid pool of the yeast cell utilizing glucose as the only carbon source makes up to 9.3% of the total carbon of this pool or 0.92% of total carbon of the cell. PMID- 7236775 TI - [Bimolecular protein-protein interactions in microcapsules]. AB - It was shown that protein-protein interactions in microcapsules are possible. A mixture of two proteins at high concentrations was microencapsulated at acidic pH values of the aqueous phase under the following conditions: use of the double emulsification method, use of the inert filler--5% polyethylenimine for the formation of spherical non-aggregated microcapsules containing a small quantity of the protein in the membrane, and use of polycarbonate as a film-forming polymer. The kinetics of trypsin inhibition by soya inhibitor, trypsin autolysis and trypsinogen autoactivation were studied. Encapsulation did not influence the rate constant of the trypsin autolysis reaction and decreased to some extent the specific rate of trypsinogen autoactivation. PMID- 7236776 TI - [Isolation and some properties of immobilized cystathionine-beta-synthase]. AB - Covalent binding of the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent lyase--cystathionine-beta synthase from chicken liver--by CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B and 6B resulted in catalytically active preparations of immobilized enzyme. Immobilized cystathionine-beta-synthase was shown to possess a higher stability as compared to the native enzyme. The maximum of activity of the obtained preparations was revealed at high temperatures (63 degrees), whereas the native enzyme had the temperature optimum at 40 degrees. The pH optimum of the enzyme activity was markedly shifted towards the alkaline region. The substrate specificity of the immobilized enzyme remained essentially unchanged. PMID- 7236777 TI - [Effects of GTP and NaF on rabbit heart adenylate cyclase activated by guanyl-5' ilimidodiphosphate]. AB - The GTP analog, guanyl-5'-ilimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) activates rabbit heart adenylate cyclase with the lag period eliminated by isoproterenol. The Gpp(NH)p isoproterenol-induced state of adenylate cyclase is very stable and is retained after removal of the effector excess and a 40-min incubation at 37 degrees. GTP and NaF decrease the activity of Gpp (NH)p-stimulated adenylate cyclase. This effect of GTP appears with the lag period, which is not affected by isoproterenol. GTP and Gpp(NH)p compete for the same binding site; it is assumed that GTP can remove Gpp(NH)p from the regulatory center of heart adenylate cyclase. The inhibiting effect of NaF on Gpp(NH)p-stimulated enzyme is reversible, has no lag period and is not accompanied by the Gpp(NH)p removal from the regulatory center of the enzyme. The data obtained suggest that the hormones control the activity of adenylate cyclase during GTP substitution for GDP, but do not change the rate of guanosine triphosphate dissociation from the nucleotide binding site of the enzyme. NaF does not probably affect the binding of guanylic nucleotides, but changes the type of interaction of the catalytic subunit of adenylate cyclase with the regulatory protein binding guanylic nucleotides. PMID- 7236778 TI - [DNA-dependent DNA polymerase induced by herpes virus papio (HVP) in producing cells]. AB - A new DNA polymerase was found in the cells of suspension lymphoblastoid cultures, which produce lymphotropic baboon herpes virus (HVP). The enzyme was isolated in a partially purified form. In some properties the enzyme differs from other cellular DNA polymerases. The HVP-induced DNA polymerase has the molecular weight of 1,6 x 10(5) and sedimentation coefficient of about 8S. The enzyme is resistant to high salt concentrations and N-ethylmaleimide, but shows a pronounced sensitivity to phosphonoacetate. The enzyme effectively copies "activated" DNA and synthetic deoxyribohomopolymers. The attempts to detect the DNA polymerase activity in HVP virions were unsuccessful. PMID- 7236780 TI - [Structural organization of chromatins from two divisions of rat brain, using micrococcal nuclease]. AB - The cell nuclei of cerebellum and large hemispheres of rat brain were treated with micrococcal nuclease (EC 3.1.4.7); the resulting DNA fragments were separated in 4% polyacrylamide gel. The experimental data are indicative of differences in the structural organization of chromatins from different divisions of the brain: the average value of the repeating DNA sequences of chromatin from the large hemispheres was 184 base pairs against 199 in case of cerebellar chromatin. The DNA fragment incorporated into the nucleosomal nucleus contained 140 base pairs in both chromatin preparations. The dependence of the size of the DNA "bridge" between the vicinal nucleosomal nuclei on the protein composition and template activity of chromatin preparations is discussed. PMID- 7236779 TI - [Covalent binding of codeine hydroxylation products to albumin and microsomal membranes]. AB - It was shown that incubation of rat liver microsomes with [3H] codeine in the presence of 3 mM NADPH and 0.5% albumin is accompanied by covalent binding of codeine radioactive metabolites to albumin and microsomes. At low concentrations of the microsomal protein in the samples the number of metabolites bound to the membranes is greater than those bound to albumin. At increasing concentrations of the microsomal protein the binding occurs mainly at the expense of albumin. The animal induction with phenobarbital increases the number of bound metabolites. An injection of 3-methylcholantrene does not affect the degree of binding. All typical inhibitors of cytochrome P-450, i.e. SKF-525A, methyrapone, octylamine and CO, inhibit the binding. The data obtained suggest that the metabolites which bind to the macromolecules are generated by cytochrome P-450. It is assumed that the appearance in the blood of covalently bound albumin-hapten conjugates formed in the cytochrome P-450--hydroxylase system can induce the immune response. Hense, one more protective system of the organism becomes involved in the decontamination of low molecular weight compounds. PMID- 7236781 TI - [Metabolism of 14C-soluble proteins from silkworm tissues during silk formation]. AB - The functional role of individual labelled fractions of haemolymph, fat body, carcass, gut and anterior and posterior divisions of the silk gland of the silkworm Bombyx mori was studied, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was found that the protein fractions with Rf = 0.02, 0.05, 0.09 and 0.24 are formed in the gut, carcass and fat body during active feeding and are utilized by the silk gland in the spinning period by means of haemolymph. The contents of amino acids in several electrophoretic protein patterns (Rf = 0.02, 0.05, 0.09 and 0.24) in the haemolymph were determined. These protein fractions are sources of nitrogen-containing material used for increasing the level of free amino acids in the silk gland and for biosynthesis of major silk amino acids. PMID- 7236782 TI - [Multicomponent system of estrogen-binding proteins of the liver. Isolation and comparative properties of 4-5S and other rat liver high molecular weight proteins, which specifically bind estradiol]. AB - Forms I and II of the estrogen receptors of female rat liver were isolated by desalting of the cytosol fraction desalting with 40% saturated (NH4)2SO4 with a subsequent gel-filtration through Ultragel AcA 44. In the absence of 0,3 M NaCl form I produces heavy aggregates and is eluted from Sepharose 6B in excluse volume. The molecular weight of from II under the same conditions as measured during gel-filtration and gradient centrifugation is 80 000. In the presence of 0,3 M NaCl the molecular weights of forms I and II are 63 000 and 77 000, respectively. The pH optima for the estradiol-binding activity of forms I and II are 6,8--8,5 and 7,4--9,1, respectively. Form II is more stable to heating and storage at 4 degrees. The binding activity of both forms of the receptors is eliminated by p-chloromercurybenzoate. The equilibrium constant for form II association with estradiol exceeds that of form I 2,5-fold and is equal to 2,4 x 10(10) M-1. The presence of 0,3 M NaCl does not affect this parameter in both cases. The association of forms I and II with estradiol and dissociation of the complexes are of a two-step type. The k+1 values for forms I and II are identical, whereas the k-1 value for form I is about two times that for form II. In terms of their competitive activity the hormone compounds tested can be arranged in the following order: estradiol less than or greater than hexestrol much greater than estrone congruent to estriol congruent to 17-deoxyestradiol much greater than 5 alpha-dihydroxytestosterone congruent to testosterone. Progesterone and corticosterone do not reveal competitive properties. The functional similarity of forms I and II of estrogen receptors from rat liver suggests that these proteins are isoreceptors. PMID- 7236783 TI - [Role of plasma membranes in the glucocorticoid transfer into target cells]. AB - The [3H]hydrocortisone transfer into intact target cells and into non-target cells, e. g. isolated hepatocytes, hormone-sensitive Morris hepatoma 7777 cells, hormone-resistant Zajdela ascite hepatoma cells, was studied. In target cells the glucocorticoid transfer is temperature-dependent, i. e. the curve for hormone binding by the cells at increasing concentrations shows a plateau Phospholipase A2 and neuraminidase decrease the ability of the cells to incorporate the labelled hormone. The experimental data differ significantly from those obtained for target cell cytosol and for intact Zajdela hepatoma cells. It was assumed that in target cells the crucial role in hormone transfer into the cells belongs to plasma membranes, while in non-target cells the hormone penetrates inside the cells by passive diffusion. PMID- 7236784 TI - [Trypsin inhibitor from buckwheat seeds]. AB - It has been demonstrated that buckwheat seeds contain a proteinaceous inhibitor of trypsin and chymotrypsin. The isolation technique consisted in extraction of the seed flour with water, ammonium sulfate fractionation, isoelectric precipitation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. The isolated inhibitor is homogeneous according to acidic and basic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis data. The molecular weight of the inhibitors is about 10 000 as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50; the isoelectric point pI is 5,8; the sedimentation coefficient is 1S. The inhibitor effectively inhibits trypsin, much worse--chymotrypsin and has no effect at buckwheat seed protease, hydrolyzing N alpha-benzoyl-D,L-arginine-p-nitranilide (BAPAase). PMID- 7236785 TI - [Interactions between heart mitochondrial creatine kinase and oxidative phosphorylation]. AB - The conditions for chromatographic separation in Silufol plates of adenine nucleotides, creatinine phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate and Pi have been found. Using this method, it was shown that in the presence of Pi and non-labelled ATP the specific radioactivity of creatine phosphate formed by mitochondrial creatinine kinase via oxidative phosphorylation increases at the same rate as does the specific radioactivity of the surrounding solution of ATP. It is concluded that under the given experimental conditions the ATP formed via oxidative phosphorylation enters the enzyme active center only after it has passed into the solution rather than immediately from the adenine nucleotide carrier. PMID- 7236786 TI - [Photophosphorylation involving chlorophyll adsorbate, separation of light and dark stages]. AB - Upon illumination of the system containing chlorophyll a+b adsorbed on a SiO2 sorbent, ADP and Pi in an aqueous solution, pH 7.6, the formation of ATP has been demonstrated, using 32P-phosphate. This process is inhibited in the absence of oxygen or in the presence of ascorbate. Under similar conditions without ADP pyrophosphate is formed; substitution of ADP for arginine results in a formation of arginine phosphate. Phosphorylation with a reduced yield has also been found upon illumination of chlorophyll adsorbate without other additives and an addition of ADP+Pi solution in the dark to the preilluminated adsorbate fast enough to prevent the decay of the light-induced product. A model according to which the chlorophyll-sensitized oxidation of orthophosphate ion the primary event in the reaction sequence, and the decomposition of orthophosphate radical anion into methaphosphate and hydroxyl species is the secondary step, has been proposed. A possible significance of the results obtained is discussed in terms of the concepts on the prebiotic evolution of energy metabolism. PMID- 7236787 TI - [Substrate specificity of acylase I from pig kidney]. AB - The substrate specificity of acylase I from pig kidney has been studied. For the N-acetyl derivatives of D,L-amino acids with an unbranched side chain the catalytic efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis increases linearly with an increase of the substrate hydrophobicity. The tangent of the linear dependence of logarithm of the second order rate constant of enzymatic hydrolysis on the Hansch hydrophobicity constant is 0,7. This supports a simple "extraction" model of energy realization during the enzyme binding to the substrate in the course of the reaction. When the amino acids with a branched side chain are used, the efficiency of hydrolysis of N-acetyl derivatives decreases by one order of magnitude as compared to the amino acids with an unbranched side chain having the same number of carbon atoms. The N-acetyl derivatives of aromatic amino acids are hydrolyzed in a small degree. An analysis of the substrate specificity of pig kidney acylase I demonstrates that the enzyme has a narrow hydrophobic "cleft" with the length not less than four metrylene links. PMID- 7236788 TI - [Steady-state kinetics of the bovine adrenal pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzed reactions]. AB - The hyperbolic dependence of the initial rate of the adrenal pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-catalyzed reactions on pyruvate, CoA and NAD concentrations was established. The Lineweaver--Burk plots of v0 against one substrate concentration at constant unsaturating concentrations of other substrates represent families of parallel lines. The Km values for pyruvate, CoA and NAD are 0,017, 0.005 and 0.030 mM, respectively. CoA-SAc was shown to compete with CoA (Ki=0.067 mM) whereas NADH--with NAD (Ki=0.023 mM). Both CoA-SAc and NADH are uncompetitive inhibitors with respect to pyruvate. The inhibition of CoA-SAc against NAD is of a mixed type, while that of NAD against CoA is non-competitive. The results obtained are in agreement with the kinetic model of a three-site "ping-pong" mechanism. PMID- 7236789 TI - [Purification and properties of glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases from Pseudomonas oleovorans]. AB - The glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases i. e. enzymes of dissimilatory hexulose phosphate cycle, were isolated from the cells of the facultative methylotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas oleovorans. The purification procedure included protein fractionation by ammonium sulfate, gel-filtration through Sephacryl S-200 and chromatography on DEAE Bio-Gel A and phosphocellulose, resulting in a 400-fold purification of the enzyme. During analytical disc-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase preparation produced a single band; 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was found to contain small contaminations. The molecular weights of the dehydrogenases are 100000 and 110000, respectively. Both enzymes have two subunits. The Km values for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are 65 mkM for glucose-6-phosphate and 28 mkM for NADP; those for 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase are 152 mkM for 6-phosphogluconate and 55 mkM for NADP. Nucleotides are found to be the most active inhibitors of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase is inhibited by ribose-5-phosphate and fructose 1,6-diphosphate. PMID- 7236790 TI - [Comparative study of 1-naphthol oxidation by cytochrome P-450 and oxyhemoglobin]. AB - The kinetics of 1-naphthol oxidation by rat liver microsomes in a phosphate buffer (pH 7.6) with participation of NADPH and O2 were studied at 9.5-27 degrees C. The activation energy of 1-naphthol oxidation (12.6 +/- 1.0 kcal/mol) was determined from the temperature dependence of initial oxidation rates. The kinetics of 1-naphthol oxidation by oxyhemoglobin in a phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) were studied at 13-25.5 degrees C. The activation energy equal to 17.7 +/- 1.0 kcal/mol for 1-naphthol oxidation by oxyhemoglobin was determined. The differences in oxidation mechanisms in the reactions with participation of cytochrome P-450 and oxyhemoglobin are discussed. Oxyhemoglobin Fe3+O2- interacts via one-electron way, whereas the microsomal cytochrome P-450 complex Fe3+O22- interacts with 1-naphthol via a two-electron way. PMID- 7236791 TI - [Structural heterogeneity of chromatin as revealed by electrophoretic methods]. AB - Electrophoresis of endonuclease-split rat liver chromatin in polyacrylamide and agarose gels of a monotonous concentration revealed different separation patterns. The first pattern exhibited a spectrum of chromatin fragments of discrete sizes, while the second one -- two fractions, i. e. DNP and DNA. The polyacrylamide gel concentration gradient allowed to achieve the best resolution of individual classes of chromation fragments with individual subfractions in sub , mono- and trinucleosomes. A comparison of micrococcal nuclease-split chromatin fragments of vertebrates revealed nucleosomes of varying sizes. The heterogeneity of the nucleosomes was also found during isotachophoresis and free flow electrophoresis. An analysis of individual subfractions of the mononucleosomes revealed differences in the composition and number of proteins as well as in the kinetics of basic and acidic titration. The chromatin fractions obtained by discontinuous endonucleolysis differed in their composition from the individual subfractions of histones. PMID- 7236792 TI - [Isolation and characterization of membrane-active glycoproteins of liver]. AB - A method for isolation and purification of glycoproteins from the cellular and intracellular membranes of liver is described. The chemical composition of the glycoproteins was determined and their localization in the cell was established. The ability of glycoproteins to change the permeability of the bilayer lipid membranes was revealed. PMID- 7236793 TI - [Reversible oxidation-reduction of NAD by hydrogen, catalyzed by soluble hydrogenase from Alcaligenes eutrophus Z-1]. AB - The kinetics of NAD reduction by hydrogen, catalyzed by soluble hydrogenase from the hydrogen bacterium A. eutrophus Z-1 within a wide range of NAD substrate concentrations and pH were studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The autocatalytic type of the reaction (with an induction period) and positive kinetic cooperativity with respect to NAD substrate at pH values greater than 8.0 were observed. A steady hydrogen release in a two-enzyme system involving hydrogenase, formiate dehydrogenase, formiate and NAD was demonstrated. A multistep pattern of the reaction mechanism of NAD reduction allowing to explain the autocatalytic type of NAD reduction by hydrogen as well as insensitivity of the reaction to air oxygen were proposed. Possible types of regulation of the soluble hydrogenase activity in the cell are discussed. PMID- 7236794 TI - [Fractionation and biosynthesis of rat liver and Zajdela hepatoma nuclear matrix proteins]. AB - A comparative study of the nuclear matrix proteins of rat liver and Zajdela hepatoma cells was performed. The polyacrylamide SDS electrophoretic profile of the hepatoma nuclear matrix proteins differed from those of the liver by the presence of high molecular weight (over 135 KD) bands. Four nuclear matrix fractions were isolated by a subsequent treatment of the preparation with an aqueous solution of EDTA and 0,025 N sodium hydroxide. The bulk of the nuclear matrix proteins of both liver and hepatoma were alkali-soluble. The percentage of the alkali-insoluble residue and of the water-soluble fraction in the Zajdela hepatoma nuclear matrix was 3.5 and 1.7 times that of the liver, respectively. In the course of 60 min incubation of the liver mince or Zajdela hepatoma cells with 14C-Chlorella protein hydrolyzate in vitro the nuclear matrix proteins incorporated by 10-20% more label than did the total nuclear protein, the specific activity of the alkali-insoluble residue being twice higher that of the whole nuclear matrix protein. After 15 min of incubation the label was rather evenly spread along the gel, containing labelled protein bands separated according to their molecular weight. However, after 30 min and especially 60 min of incubation the label markedly prevailed in the high molecular weight proteins. PMID- 7236795 TI - [Cause of the appearance of cyanide-resistant respiration in the yeast Candida lipolytica]. AB - Changes in the activity of the cell respiration of the yeast Candida lipolytica and its ATP, ADP, NADH, NAD+ pools during the development of the cyanide resistant respiration were studied. A change-over of the yeast culture to the stationary growth phase conditioned by glucose exhaustion or aerobic incubation of the resting cells in the exponential growth phase without the exogenous carbon source were shown to be accompanied by: 1) decrease of the rate of oxygen consumption; 2) appearance of the cyanide-resistant respiration; 3) appearance of the benzhydroxamic acid-sensitive respiration; 4) appearance of stimulating dinitrophenol action on the rate of oxygen consumption; 5) increase in the ATP content and decrease of the ADP content in the cells. It was concluded that the appearance of the cyanide-resistant respiration is induced by the decrease of the activity of the respiratory chain due to the increase of the ATP concentration and the decrease of the ADP concentration in yeast cells. The functioning of the cyanide-resistant pathway of the electron transfer is one of the ways of NAD+ pool regulation in yeast cells. PMID- 7236796 TI - [Enzyme intermediates with the C-terminal products of substrate hydrolysis by carboxypeptidase A and chymotrypsin. Use of the free energy linearity principle]. AB - Based on the correlation between the kinetics and free energy of enzymatic reactions of hydrolysis (i. e. free energy linearity principle) for peptide and ester substrate hydrolysis by carboxypeptidase A, the identity of the catalytic mechanism for these substrates and the lack of formation of an activated enzyme intermediate with the C-terminal part of the hydrolyzed substrate were demonstrated. Using the energy linearity principle to the hydrolysis of specific peptide substrates by chymotrypsin, the nature of the activated enzyme intermediate with the C-terminal part of the substrate as a complex with a non ionized product can be postulated. This accounts for the transpeptidation (according to the amino transfer type) of the peptides with an unprotected carboxylic group. It was concluded that the formation of the enzyme intermediate with the C-terminal part of the hydrolyzed substrate for all the three main classes of proteinases, i. e. serine, carboxylic and metal enzymes, occurs via different mechanisms. PMID- 7236797 TI - [Replication and methylation of DNA in cells of tobacco suspension culture and the effect of auxin]. AB - After 2 min of incubation of tobacco cell culture in a medium with [3H] -- thymidine the bulk of radioactivity of newly synthesized DNA is found in short (about 5S) fragments, whereas after a prolonged incubation of the cells, i. e. 5- 60 min--in long replication fragments as well. Hence DNA replication in tobacco cells occurs discretely via formation and cross-linking of Okazaki fragments. At high cell concentrations in the medium the linking of 5S fragments is suppressed. It was shown that the Okazaki fragments and other fragments of DNA replication are subjected to methylation, the DNA methylation occurring immediately after the onset of replication. The level of methylation of the 4--6S fragments is two times less than that of the linked ones; therefore replicative methylation occurs in at least two steps: at first the Okazaki fragments undergo methylation and once they are linked, an additional methylation of DNA takes place. Auxin (2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) at concentration of 5 mg per 1 of medium does not affect the ratio of the replication fragments and methylation of the Okazaki fragments, but completely inhibits the second step of replicative methylation of DNA, i. e. methylation of the linked fragments. Phytohormones can probably control the transcription of newly synthesized DNA via regulation of methylation. PMID- 7236799 TI - [Purification and properties of NAD-reductase from phototrophic bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina]. AB - The purification by affinity chromatography up to homogeneity and the properties of NAD-reductase from purple sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina, strain BBS, are described. The molecular weight of NAD-reductase is about 80000; pI is 3.9. The enzyme consists of two subunits. According to the stabilizing effect of FAD at preparative electrophoresis and the inhibitory effect of atebrine NAD reductase is a flavoprotein. The bulk of the enzyme (about 75%) is localized in the cell periplasmic space. NAD-reductase is less thermostable and has a lower O2 stability as compared to the NADP-reductase from the same organism. The enzyme is specific to NADH ane catalyzes the menadione-reductase reaction, diaphorase reaction of benzyl viologen and methyl viologen reductions. In the presence of NADH NAD-reductase reduces cytochromes c552 and "c3" from T. roseopersicina and forms a complex with spinach ferredoxin. PMID- 7236798 TI - [Conformation and thermal stability of soluble and liposomal forms of cytochrome P-450]. AB - This secondary structure of soluble cytochrome P-450 and the one incorporated into liposomes from egg lecithin and microsomal lipids has been studied. Using circular dichroism and infrared spectroscopy, it was shown that about 60% of alpha-helices are presented in the structure of haemoprotein and the rest 40% have the structure of statistical coil. The binding of haemoprotein with the type II substrates--octylamine and diaminooctan, slightly increases alpha-helices in soluble cytochrome P-450. The type I non-polar substrates--hexane and cyclohexane -do not change the conformation of isolated enzyme. Cytochrome P-450 incorporated into the artificial membranes of phosphatidyl choline and microsomal phospholipid has almost identical secondary structure as does the soluble one. Data from circular dichroism suggest that the binding of the types I and II substrates to cytochrome P-450 incorporated into lecithin liposomes and microsomal lipid liposomes does not change the conformation of the polypeptide chain. The reduction of cytochrome P-450 haem increases the degree of alpha-spiralization by 10% for soluble haemoprotein and by 5% for the membrane-bound enzyme. The thermal stability of soluble and liposomal forms of cytochrome P-450 was investigated by circular dichroism technique. The effective values of enthalpy and the temperature transition of soluble cytochrome P-450 at pH 6.9, 7,6 and 7,9 are 78, 80 and 78 kcal/mol and 47,7 degrees, 45,2 degrees and 42,4 degrees, respectively. The enzyme incorporated into the phospholipid vesicles is much more stable. The cooperative transition of soluble cytochrome is clearly expressed in contrast to the one of the membrane-bound enzyme. PMID- 7236800 TI - [Organization of various structural forms of chromosomes]. AB - The structural models of mitotic chromosome, the role of repeating nucleotide sequences of the eukaryotic gene in the regular structure of chromatin, possible principles of organization of polytenic chromosomes, lamp brush chromosomes and mature animal spermatozoa chromosomes and the relationship between macro- and microtransformations of chromosomes with differentiated cells are discussed. PMID- 7236801 TI - [Changes in enzyme activities in early passages of cultured fibroblasts]. AB - The specific activities and variability coefficients (Wn) of specific activities of seven enzymes (5 lines) of cultured embryonic human fibroblasts were studied. The experiments were carried out on the 2nd--6th passage (between 12th and 19th passages); in each passage simultaneously up to 3-10 vials collected on the 8th cultivation day were analyzed. According to the Wn value, the enzymes under study can be divided into two groups, i.e. those with a low (less than or equal to 8%) and with a high (25-37%) Wn value. The data obtained are correlated with the division of enzymes and corresponding structural genes into "constituitive" and "inducible" ones. The differences between the enzymes and various lines with respect to the Wn value were revealed. The theoretical and practical significance of the observed changes of the enzyme activities in the cultured cells are discussed. PMID- 7236802 TI - [Formation of squalene and pigment 462 by the culture of Methanobacillus kuzneceovii]. AB - Using hexane extraction, squalene, its four hydroforms and an unknown orange yellow coloured compound termed as pigment 462 (since it has a specific absorption maximum in the visible region of the spectrum) were isolated from a thermophylic methane-producing culture of Methanobacillus kuzneceovii. Pigment 462 is rapidly reduced by sodium borohydride and is readily oxidized by air oxygen; its functional group is the keto group. The physico-chemical properties of pigment 462 indicate that the pigment is one of the components of the electron transport chain of methane-producing bacteria and is localized in the membrane. PMID- 7236803 TI - [Interaction of cytotoxin and Ca2+ with phospholipase A2]. AB - The effects of Ca2+ and cytotoxin from Middle Asian cobra venom on the hydrolytic activity of phospholipase A2 from the same source and on its action on erythrocyte membrane phospholipids and mitochondria were studied. The necessity of phospholipase A2 for Ca2+ depends on the type of substrates (phosphatidyl methanol, phosphatidyl ethanol, cephalin, phosphatidyl ethyleneglycol, phosphatidyl inositol), whereas enzymatic cleavage of lecithin can also occur in the absence of Ca2+. Cytotoxin Vc" I had no effect on the rate of phospholipid hydrolysis in the absence of Ca2+. However, in the presence of Ca2+ cytotoxin at low concentrations activated phospholipase A2, while its high concentrations inhibited the phospholipid hydrolysis with the exception of phosphatidyl ethyleneglycol and phosphatidyl inositol. In experiments with purified phospholipids no synergistic effect of cytotoxin and phospholipase A2 was observed. The activating effect of cytotoxin and phospholipase A2 was comparable to that of the cationic detergents. The effect of phospholipase A2 on erythrocyte hemolysis and succinate oxidation by mitochondria was more complicated: the activating or inhibiting effect depended on the state and ratio of Ca2+, cytotoxin and phospholipase A2. It is suggested that the synergistic effect observed in membrane systems is primarily due to the structural organization of the membranes and the phase condition of the membrane phospholipids. PMID- 7236805 TI - [Histones of Salmonidae fishes. Comparative study of histones from different species and intraspecies variability of Oncorhynchus nerka H1]. AB - The comparative electrophoretic properties of erythrocyte histones from 7 Salmonidae species were investigated. Using Na-SDS gel electrophoresis, it was shown that all the species studied possess the erythrocyte-specific fraction of histone H5. High resolution gel electrophoresis in acetic acid--urea gels demonstrated differences in the subfractional composition of histone H1 from erythrocytes and liver of O. nerka. The analysis of the sample of 40 individuals from the same population revealed the existence of intraspecies polymorphism in histone H1 subfractional composition. PMID- 7236804 TI - [Biosynthesis of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids from [1-14C]acetyl-CoA and [2 14C]malonyl-CoA in a reconstituted system from the rat liver]. AB - The possibility of biosynthesis of cholic (I) and chenodeoxycholic (II) acids from [1-14C]acetyl-CoA and [2-14C]malonyl-CoA in a reconstituted system of rat liver and the incorporation of acetyl-CoA into these bile acids under conditions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activation by citrate or its inhibition by avidin were studied. The effects of Triton WR 1339 and cholesterol feeding on acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA incorporation into I and II were investigated. Teh incorporation of both substrates into the total unsaponifiable lipid fraction and fatty acids was demonstrated. The reconstituted system of rat liver was found able to synthesize and I and II not only from acetyl-CoA, but from malonyl-CoA as well. The rate of malonyl-CoA incorporation into the bile acids was somewhat higher than that of acetyl-CoA incorporation. Preincubation of the reconstituted system with citrate stimulated the rate of acetyl-CoA incorporation into I. Stimulation of biosynthesis of I occurred independently of the diurnal rhythm of the 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) activity. An addition of avidin to the reconstituted system preincubated with citrate caused inhibition of acetyl CoA incorporation both into fatty acids and into I. The rate of biosynthesis of II remained practically unchanged in both cases. Treatment with Triton WR 1339 had only a slight effect, while cholesterol feeding significantly stimulated the incorporation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA into I and II. The results obtained suggest the participation of malonyl-CoA in formation of bile acids, preferentially cholic acid, and in a lesser degree, in sterol biosynthesis. Data from stimulation of bile acid biosynthesis under cholesterol feeding suggest that HMG-CoA reductase localized in the soluble fraction of rat liver is involved in bile acid biosynthesis. PMID- 7236806 TI - [Particulate fractionation and properties of basic proteins of sperm chromatin of bivalve molluscs]. AB - A procedure for particulate fractionation of a composite set of sperm chromatin basic proteins in bivalves consisting of histones and protamine-like proteins has been developed. Some sperm proteins in 4 specimens of molluscs were obtained in individual form using chemical methods and preparative electrophoresis. The amino acid composition of these proteins was assayed. The results obtained are discussed in terms of evolution of sperm chromatin basic proteins. PMID- 7236808 TI - [Stoichiometric protein-lipid interactions in liver microsomal membranes measured by the induction-resonance energy transfer method]. AB - The stoichiometry of proteins and lipids in the microsomal membranes of the liver were studied by the induction-resonance energy transfer method. The energy was transferred between the fluorescent tryptophane residues of membrane proteins and fluorescent probes (pyrene and 4-dimethylaminochalcone) located in the microsomal lipid bilayer. It was assumed that the rate of protein fluorescence is correlated with protein mass. All microsomal proteins were arbitrarily divided into two groups, i.e. proteins located at a distance of more ("peripheral" proteins) and less than 30 A from the lipid bilayer surface. The former proteins made up to 14 24% of total microsomal protein, while microsomal ghosts--less than 10%. In the microsomes the bulk of other proteins is located at an average distance of about 19-26 A from the lipid bilayer surface, while the grosts--at about 4-9 A. Treatment of the ghosts with pronase results in approximation of the protein mass locus with the lipid by about 5 A. In this way the generation of ghosts and their treatment with pronase cause a loss of proteins predominantly from the peripheral parts of the microsomal membrane. PMID- 7236807 TI - [Troponin from th bovine heart: isolation and study of cation-binding properties using a 3-dimethylaminonaphtheurodine fluorescent probe]. AB - A method for isolation of bovine heart troponin has been developed. The troponin complex was separated into constituent components. The fluorescent probe 3 dimethylaminonaphtheurodine binds to heart troponin: the fluorescence of the troponin--dimethylaminonaphtheurodine complex is increased with a rise in Ca2+ concentration from pCa 8 to pCa 5. The apparent constant for Ca2+ binding to heart troponin calculated from the changes in fluorescence of the troponin dimethylaminonaphtheurodine complex is equal to 2,1 . 10(6) M(-1). The corresponding constant for Sr2+ binding by heart troponin is 5 . 10(5) M(-1), Mg2+ have no effect on Ca2+ and Sr2+ binding. The results obtained suggest that heart troponin contains Ca-specific binding sites and that the binding of Ca2+ to these sites evokes conformational changes, which are registered by means of the fluorescent probe. The Hill coefficient for the conformational changes of heart troponin induced by Ca2+ and Sr2+ measured with the probe is equal to unity. The use of 3-dimethylaminonaphtheurodine as a marker of conformational changes allows to compare the cation-binding properties of troponin from heart and skeletal muscles. PMID- 7236809 TI - [Formation of DNA-protein links upon interaction between sodium bisulfite and phage DNP]. AB - The conditions for linkage formation in phages Sd and P22 DNP under effects of sodium bisulfite were studied. Th linkage was estimated by the fall in phage infectiosity. After removal of the reagent excess prior to inoculation the modified phage was transferred to various buffers (12 salt systems). The correlation between infectiosity of preparations and changes in their CD spectra in corresponding calt solutions was established. PMID- 7236810 TI - [Oxidative and synthetic processes in liver and brain tissues as affected by helium-neon laser radiation]. PMID- 7236811 TI - [Effect of light on corticosterone synthesis in rat adrenals in vitro]. PMID- 7236812 TI - [Relation of the background and evoked electrical activity of the human brain to the signal value of the stimulation]. PMID- 7236813 TI - [Localization of extracellular polysaccharide synthesis in Mycobacterium lacticolum]. PMID- 7236814 TI - Ovulation and ovum maturation in the rabbit ovary perfused in vitro. PMID- 7236815 TI - Testicular innervation is necessary for the response of plasma testosterone levels to acute stress. PMID- 7236816 TI - Sperm autoantigens and fertilization: II. Effects of anti-guinea pig sperm autoantibodies on sperm-ovum interactions. PMID- 7236817 TI - Effect of arachidonic acid on oviductal pressure in the domestic hen. PMID- 7236818 TI - Puberty acceleration by a urinary cue from male mice in feral populations. PMID- 7236819 TI - Steroid hormones and the metabolism of oxygen by the uterus of pregnant sheep after ovariectomy. PMID- 7236820 TI - Relaxin secretion in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 7236821 TI - Photoperiodic termination of hamster refractoriness: participation of the pineal gland. PMID- 7236822 TI - Surface proteins and glycoproteins of ejaculated bovine spermatozoa. II. Molecular composition of the midpiece and mainpiece. PMID- 7236823 TI - Differential effects of estradiol-17 beta and progesterone on the proliferation of glandular and luminal cells of rabbit uterine epithelium. PMID- 7236824 TI - Temporal relationship between rabbit uterine epithelium proliferation and uteroglobin production. PMID- 7236825 TI - Failure of 5-thio-D-glucose to induce antispermatogenic effects in the musk shrew, Suncus murinus L. PMID- 7236826 TI - Structural proteins of the mouse spermatozoan tail: an electrophoretic analysis. PMID- 7236827 TI - Age-related changes in the Leydig cell population, seminiferous tubules, and sperm production in stallions. PMID- 7236828 TI - PN junction characteristics and photoelectromagnetic effect in bone. AB - The characteristics of PN junction in bone are investigated. Collagen (N type) and apatite (P type) complex are supposed to form this junction and their behaviour for reverse and forward bias is examined. It is suggested that mucopolysaccharides play an important role in controlling junction characteristics. There is found to be generation of photocurrent in response to infrared light; while ultra-violet light produces a permanent change in its behaviour. Magnetic field is found to enhance the optical response of the junction. PMID- 7236829 TI - Adsorptive bonding to hydroxyapatite I: adsorption of anthranilic acid - the effect of solvents. Search for surface bonding groups for coupling agents to teeth. AB - A study was initiated to explore the nature of surface-active groups of model compounds that might cause chemisorption of comonomers used in the polymerization of dental resins on hydroxyapatite (the main constituent of bone) and thus effect a strong and durable bond between the resins and hard tooth tissues. In an effort to accomplish this objective, adsorption of anthranilic acid on hydroxyapatite was studied from three solvents: 95% aq. ethanol, dimethyl sulphoxide and methylene chloride. The adsorption is reversible from the first two solvents and the isotherms follow Langmuir plots. Adsorption is irreversible from methylene chloride; a constant amount of adsorbate is removed from different solutions above a certain threshold concentration but all adsorbate is removed from solutions below this threshold concentration. The saturation amounts obtained from the two Langmuir plots and the maximum irreversibly adsorbed amount in the above three solvents are 11.4, 6.0 and 17.2 mmol/100 g, respectively. These, together with the surface area (41.0 m2/g; BET, N2) of the hydroxyapatite, yield the effective molecular areas of 60, 114, and 40 A2, respectively. These areas can be matched, on geometrical considerations, with areas of 60, 110, and 40 A2 of the model adsorbate molecule rotating about; (i) its centre, lying flat on the surface, (ii) its carboxyl group at 45 degrees to the surface, and (iii) the carboxyl group in an upright position, respectively. PMID- 7236830 TI - Synthesis and characterization of PVNO and PVNO-PVP hydrogels. AB - Hydrogels of crosslinked poly(2-vinylpyridine-1-oxide), PVNO, and poly(2 vinylpyridine-1-oxide)-poly(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone), PNVO-PVP, were synthesized. PVNO hydrogels were found to be degradable in a pseudo-biological medium and their stability could be increased by increasing the relative concentration of the crosslinking agent. PVNO-PVP hydrogels were also degradable and their stability could be increased by increasing the relative concentration of crosslinking agent and/or poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone). Swelling ratio and percent solvent content for both types of gels were determined. In addition, for PVNO-PVP gels, swelling properties in solvents with different dielectric constants, at different temperatures and ionic strengths were determined. Antibiotic releasing and water vapour behaviour were also investigated. From the data obtained, the free energy change involved in water vapour adsorption was calculated. PMID- 7236831 TI - A study of the uniaxial mechanical properties of human dura mater preserved in glycerol. AB - Heart valve replacements have now been made for some years from human dura mater. While the clinical results have been encouraging there is a considerable lack of information on the mechanical properties of the dura mater and the effects of the glycerol treatment employed. This study revealed that glycerol provided an adequate preserving medium for periods of up to 12 days, with no significant changes in the mechanical properties of dura mater. A wide range in mechanical properties was observed with, for example, the tensile strength varying from 3.28 N/mm2 to 7.86 N/mm2. Although no age-related deterioration in human dura mater could be shown, the results do suggest that dura mater in excess of fifty years of age should be avoided in order to prevent the selection of poor quality material. PMID- 7236832 TI - Influence of variation in contact stress on the sliding-wear behaviour of a dental amalgam. AB - The influence of variation in contact stress on the sliding-water behaviour of a dispersed amalgam has been investigated. The results demonstrate that: (1) the rate of wear of the amalgam in sliding contact with pins fashioned from human enamel remains virtually constant (0.39 +/- 0.06 micrometer/h-1) throughout the range of stresses encountered in vivo; and (2) the wear process involves adhesive transfer of amalgam to the contacting face of the enamel pin during sliding. PMID- 7236833 TI - Solution characterization of starch nicotinates with different degrees of esterification. AB - A series of starch-nicotinic acid copolymers with a degree of esterification ranging from about 15% to about 90% was prepared, and the stability in solution of two representative samples of the series was tested. The variation of some physico-chemical characteristics in the series was examined by solubility tests, viscometry and refractometry, and found to be not simply correlatable to the nicotinylation degree. PMID- 7236834 TI - Preparation of fibrin clot samples for tensile stress-strain experiments. PMID- 7236835 TI - Possible contributions of surface energy and interfacial parameters of synthetic polymers to blood compatibility. PMID- 7236836 TI - Prevention of erythrocyte adhesion onto porous surfaces by fluid perfusion. AB - This study was undertaken in order to investigate the use of fluid perfusion to prevent the adhesion of erythrocytes to a porous foreign surface. Three pore sizes each of two different commercially available polyethylene and aluminum oxide (AI2O3) tubes were investigated. Tubes were perfused with Ringer's solution while immersed in a bath of whole canine blood. Control tubes were prepared in an identical fashion but were not perfused. After testing, tubes were fixed in glutaraldehyde and dehydrated with graded ethanol. Samples were then sectioned and prepared for erythrocyte adhesion analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicate that fluid perfusion can be used as a means to prevent erythrocyte adhesion in the range of pore sizes (10-60 micrometer diameter) studied. Critical values of the fluid perfusion rate are 0.027, 0.073 and 0.21 ml/min. cm2 for 10 micrometer, 35 micrometer, and 60 micrometer pore polyethylene respectively. The critical values for the ceramic samples are 0.22, 0.16 and 0.72 ml/min cm2 respectively for 7, 11 and 31 micrometer pore diameter respectively. PMID- 7236837 TI - [EDP-program for the administration and evaluation of technical medical data (author's transl)]. PMID- 7236838 TI - [Experimental studies on the influence of plate material on stress-relief and atrophy of the bone osteosynthesis plates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7236839 TI - A technical model of the left heart--development and isovolumetric experiments. PMID- 7236840 TI - [Automatic indirect measurement of blood pressure in resting and exercising subjects: analysis of the Korotkov sound pattern; variable "time gate" for artifact suppression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7236841 TI - [Hydrodynamic investigations in central venous catheters (author's transl)]. PMID- 7236842 TI - Stimulation of the proliferation of hemopoietic stem cells in irradiated bone marrow cell culture. AB - Long-term hemopoiesis was established in bone marrow cell culture in vitro. This culture was shown to support the recovery proliferation of hemopoietic stem cells completely in vitro after irradiation. Hemopoietic stem cells were stimulated into proliferation in culture when normal bone marrow cells were overlayed on top of the irradiated adherent cell colonies. These results indicate that proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells in vitro are also supported by stroma-hemopoietic cell interactions. PMID- 7236843 TI - Mycoplasma-induced lesions of RIII mouse uterus. PMID- 7236844 TI - A new method in differential diagnosis of the liver: identification of liver pulsating activities by spectral analysis of radio-isotope counts during liver scan. Comparative studies by ultrasonography. AB - Liver scanning with 99mCi 99Tc sulphur-colloid was practiced in 50 patients: 30 suffering from malignant tumors, 10 from hepatic cirrhosis and 10 from pyrexia of unknown origin. Liver radioactivity was recorded by a gamma-camera connected to a computer, 1 frame each 10 seconds for 15 minutes. The spectral analysis of the radioactivity counts taken in different region of interest, showed evidence of a periodic fluctuation, with a period value around 1 minute. Comparative ultrasonographic dynamic study showed evidence of the same phenomena in 16 examined patients. The period of pulsation was found different in each of the following groups: normal liver, cirrhotic, metastatic and infectious diseases. PMID- 7236845 TI - Influence of antitumor drugs of natural origin on the intramuscular and subcutaneous form of five transplantable tumor models. AB - The influence of six antitumor drugs of natural origin (rubomycin, bruneomycin, olivomycin, mitomycin C, vinblastine, and vincristine) on five transplantable tumor models (sarcoma 37, sarcoma 180, Ehrlich tumor, RL-67 and TAVS) was investigated. Each tumor was transplanted subcutaneously and intramuscularly, bilaterally, on one animal. Marked differences in the sensitivity between subcutaneous and intramuscular form of Ehrlich tumor and more slightly of TAVS were established. The used experimental regimen held out possibilities for saving labor, animals and substances as well as for the study of potential antitumor substances of natural origin at maximum equalized biological conditions. PMID- 7236846 TI - Oxygen enhancement of radiation induced lethality is greatly reduced in glutathione deficient human fibroblasts. AB - The in vitro clonogenic survival of human fibroblasts with a genetically defined glutathione (GSH) deficiency was studied after irradiation with X-rays in oxygen or in oxygen free argon. Genetically related fibroblasts without GSH deficiency were used as a control. The oxic survival curve of both cell lines was similar. In comparison to the oxic survival curve, the anoxic survival curve of GSH deficient cells indicated an oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) approximately 1.5. An OER approximately 2.9 was calculated in comparing the oxic and anoxic survival curves of the control cell line. The results were discussed in support of the theory according to which oxygen and GSH compete for radiation induced radicals in key molecules, the former irreversibly fixing and the latter repairing the radiation damage. PMID- 7236847 TI - A case of juvenile essential hypertension: implications of erythrocyte net Na+, K+ flux measurement. AB - In recent studies were reported an inherited membrane defect which is closely related to the development of essential hypertension. This abnormality consists of a functional deficiency in the Na+--K+ co-transport mechanism in erythrocytes of essential hypertensives and some normotensives born of hypertensive parents. Here we report a case of juvenile essential hypertension including familial erythrocyte Na+, K+ measurements. The 2-year-old boy had essential hypertension and bore the abnormality, with no compensatory activity of the Na+, K+ pump. The mother had developed hypertension during pregnancy. She also bore the erythrocyte abnormality as the net Na+/K+ flux ratio was reduced. One sister bore the same abnormality without hypertension but a complete analysis of Na+ extrusion mechanisms in this patient demonstrated a compensatory effect of the Na+, K+ pump activity. Other members of the family were normotensive without the flux abnormality. It appears therefore that erythrocyte flux measurements might be of diagnostic and genetic interest in juvenile hypertension. PMID- 7236848 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of cation transport across vesicle bilayer membranes. AB - We analyze an increasingly popular NMR method analogous to the black lipid membrane (BLM) isotopic tracer experiment for the study of mediated cation transport but involving the preparation of vesicles with an environment asymmetric in that paramagnetic metal ions are present only outside the vesicles. This asymmetry is manifest in the NMR spectrum as two distinct resonances for magnetic nuclei in outside and inside lipid headgroups. As mediated transport begins and for the paramagnetic metal ions enter the vesicles, the inner headgroup resonance line shifts and changes shape with a time course containing much information on the actual ion transport mechanism. Processes by which the ions enter the vesicles one or a few at a time (such as via a diffusive carrier) are easily distinguishable from those by which the ions enter in large bursts (such as by pore activation). The limiting case where intervesicular mediator exchange is slow relative to cation transport (the situation for integral membrane proteins) is treated analytically. Computer simulated curves indicate conditions necessary for certain changes in the line shape which are analogous to the "current jumps" observed in BLM conductance studies. The theory derived allows estimates of the average number of ions entering the first few bursts, how often the bursts occur, and how they depend on the concentration of the mediating species in the vesicular membrane. Preliminary experimental spectra illustrating some of the various possible line shape behaviors are presented. PMID- 7236849 TI - Proton magnetic resonance characterization of the dynamic stability of the heme pocket in myoglobin by the exchange behavior of the labile proton of the proximal histidyl imidazole. AB - The assigned exchangeable proton signals in the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of sperm whale deoxy and Met-cyano myoglobin in H2O solution were found to exhibit pH-dependent saturation transfer from the bulk water, which allowed determination of the kinetics and mechanism of the labile proton exchange with solvent. The exchange rates are base catalyzed for both protein forms, with the rate eight times faster in Met-cyano than in deoxy myoglobin. The exchange rate is taken as a measure of the magnitude of the fluctuation in the protein conformation near the heme cavity. On the basis of tritium exchange methods, the greater stability of the unligated relative to the ligated state in myoglobin has also been reported for hemoglobin. The present study, however, localizes the differential kinetic stability on the F helix whose flexibility has been implicated in the mechanism of cooperativity. The observation that filling the hydrophobic vacancy on the proximal side of the heme near the proximal histidine in Met-cyano myoglobin wih cyclopropane increases the proton lability argues against the role for this hole in facilitating the flexibility of the F helix in the native protein. PMID- 7236850 TI - The dependence of impulse propagation speed on firing frequency, dispersion, for the Hodgkin-Huxley model. AB - Propagation speed of an impulse is influenced by previous activity. A pulse following its predecessor too closely may travel more slowly than a solitary pulse. In contrast, for some range of interspike intervals, a pulse may travel faster than normal because of a possible superexcitable phase of its predecessor's wake. Thus, in general, pulse speeds and interspike intervals will not remain constant during propagation. We consider these issues for the Hodgkin Huxley cable equations. First, the relation between speed and frequency or interspike interval, the dispersion relation, is computed for particular solutions, steadily propagating periodic wave trains. For each frequency, omega, below some maximum frequency, omega max, we find two such solutions, one fast and one slow. The latter are likely unstable as a computational example illustrates. The solitary pulse is obtained in the limit as omega tends to zero. At high frequency, speed drops significantly below the solitary pulse speed; for 6.3 degrees C, the drop at omega max is greater than 60%. For an intermediate range of frequencies, supernormal speeds are found and these are correlated with oscillatory swings in sub- and superexcitability in the return to rest of an impulse. Qualitative consequences of the dispersion relation are illustrated with several different computed pulse train responses of the full cable equations for repetitively applied current pulses. Moreover, changes in pulse speed and interspike interval during propagation are predicted quantitatively by a simple kinematic approximation which applies the dispersion relation, instantaneously, to individual pulses. One example shows how interspike time intervals can be distorted during propagation from a ratio of 2:1 at input to 6:5 at a distance of 6.5 cm. PMID- 7236851 TI - Primary photochemistry and photoisomerization of retinal at 77 degrees K in cattle and squid rhodopsins. AB - The relative quantum yields of the photoreactions Rhodopsin in equilibrium Bathorhodopsin in equilibrium Isorhodopsin over an extended wavelength region have been determined in cattle and squid rhodopsins at 77 degrees K. The quantum yields were found to be wavelength independent and unchanged for samples suspended in D2O. The rhodopsin-bathorhodopsin forward and backward quantum yields sum to larger than one. These results are consistent with the previous suggestion that the excited singlet potential of rhodopsin has a single minimum along the 11-12 torsional coordinate. The values of the quantum yields are important for evaluating dynamic models of the rhodopsin-bathorhodopsin transition. We conclude that equilibration in the common excited state afer excitation of rhodopsin, as previously suggested, does not occur. Models involving molecular excitation trajectories conserving torsional momenta and excited state to ground state surface crossings better fit the data, and a semiquantitative analysis is presented. Probabilities of surface crossings are calculated. PMID- 7236852 TI - Blockage of squid axon potassium conductance by internal tetra-N-alkylammonium ions of various sizes. AB - We have studied the effects of the tetra-n-alkylammonium (TAA) ions, (CnH2n+1)4N+, n = 1-6, on the potassium conductance of voltage-clamped squid giant axons. Studies using tetrahexylammonium were not quantitatively analyzed as its effect was insufficiently reversible. Each in this series of symmetric ions of graded size blocks the potassium conductance when added to the internal perfusion fluid. There is a general trend for blocking potency to increase with increasing size. We attribute this to stronger interactions of the longer alkyl side chains with hydrophobic regions of the membrane near the channels. Steady state block by the TAA ions, n = 2-5, showed identical voltage dependence, apparently sensing about 15% of the transmembrane voltage, and kinetics block onset were qualitatively similar. We conclude that the site of action for these ions is the same. Block by TMA is about twice as steeply dependent on voltage. In its action, TMA resembles the alkali cations (French et al., 1979, Biophys, J. 25(2, pt. 2):307a) more than the larger TAA ions. Our results suggest that access to the inner mouth of the K channel is even less restricted than has been previously thought. A calculation indicates that the lumen of the channel cannot be both wide enough to admit the TAA ions and long enough to account for the voltage dependence of block. We consider possible ways to resolve this paradox. PMID- 7236854 TI - Hydrogen bonding in DNA base complexes. AB - Experimental intermolecular frequencies in the DNA base complexes 1-methylthymine (1-MT) and cytosine monohydrate (CMH) are analyzed in terms of simple analytic interatomic potentials. Calculations with two different values for the constants of the nonbonded interactions are considered, and the hydrogen bond potentials are determined for each of these models. The observed frequencies in 1-MT are reasonably well described, although corresponding potentials are very different in the two models. The observed frequencies in CMH are less well described, although corresponding hydrogen bond potentials are similar in the two models. Hydration interactions are found to be important in CMH and the role of the water molecule is discussed. Possible reasons for the shortcomings of this simple analysis are considered. PMID- 7236853 TI - The role of subunit entropy in cooperative assembly. Nucleation of microtubules and other two-dimensional polymers. AB - The self-assembly and nucleation of two-dimensional polymers is described by a theory based on a model of rigid subunits and bonds and simple principles of thermodynamics. The key point in the theory is to separate as an explicit parameter the free energy, primarily attributed to the entropy of the free subunit, that is required to immobilize a subunit in the polymer. Quantitative relations for the association of a subunit forming a longitudinal bond, a lateral bone, or both together are obtained, which demonstrate the basis and magnitude of cooperativity. The same formalism leads to a quantitative estimate for th concentration of the small polymers that are important intermediates in nucleation. It is shown that, if the concentration of free subunits is below a certain "critical supersaturation," the concentration of some essential intermediates is too low to support any significant assembly and nucleation is blocked. If the subunit concentration is above the critical supersaturation, all of the small intermediates are sufficiently stable to form and grow spontaneously. The theory predicts a critical supersaturation of 3.5 to 7 (the ratio of subunit concentration to the equilibrium solubility) for parameters appropriate to assembly of the microtubule wall. Experimentally, nucleation and assembly of microtubules is obtained at somewhat lower concentrations, 1.5 to 3 times the equilibrium solubility. Special mechanisms that could stabilize small polymers and facilitate nucleation of microtubule assembly are suggested. PMID- 7236855 TI - The effect of non-binding molecules on the gelation of HbS. AB - The influence of an inert globular macromolecule upon the solubility of sickle cell hemoglobin has been determined as a function of the degree of oxygenation. The thermodynamic theory required to treat this and related problems is derived starting with the Gibbs-Duhem equation and introducing the effect of specific binding (oxygen) by use of the binding partition function. The treatment includes non-ideal solution behaviour as measured by osmotic pressure of highly concentrated macromolecular solutions. Application of the theoretical equation demonstrates how the solubility of hemoglobin is influenced by the presence of the binding ligand (oxygen) and the inert macromolecule, bovine serum albumin (BSA). Good agreement is obtained between experimentally determined and theoretically calculated solubilities using 1) oxygen binding curves to solution and gel phases, 2) activity coefficients from osmotic pressure data, 3) one solubility under the condition where oxygen and BSA are absent, and 4) the value of the water content of the gel phase. Examination of theoretical equations suggests that inert molecules of intermediate size, that are partially excluded from crystalline or gel phases, have the potential of generally increasing the solubility when non-ideal solution effects are small. PMID- 7236856 TI - Mass spectra of N-substituted derivatives of 5-fluorouracil. AB - Several N-substituted derivatives of 5-fluorouracil have been synthesized during the development of new antitumor agents. For determination of the position of the substituent on these compounds, electron impact mass spectrometry was investigated. In their electron impact mass spectra, characteristic fragment ions were produced by the retro Diels--Alder decomposition of the 5-fluorouracil skeleton: [R(or R')N=CHC(F)=C=O]+. was produced from N-1 substituted derivatives, while an isocyanate ion, [RN=C=O]+., or an acylurea ion, [RCONHCONH2]+. was formed from N-3 substituted derivatives. The ions observed were useful for structural determination. PMID- 7236857 TI - Gas chromatography mass spectrometry of androstanolones as methyl oxime, tert butyldimethylsilyl ether derivatives. PMID- 7236858 TI - The mass spectra of 13C labelled methylene derivatives of steroids--IV. AB - The mass spectra of the 3-ethylene ketal of delta 5-pregnan[20-13C]methylene-3 one and 17 beta-acetoxyl[3-13C]methyleneandrost-1-ene have been examined. In both cases there are some fragments which show either relatively large retention or elimination of 13C label and these can be assigned to some fragmentation paths which generally follow those found for diterpenic and steroidal hydrocarbons, and are in good agreement with the empirical fragmentations rules in mass spectrometry. PMID- 7236859 TI - Two new sulphur-containing amino acids in man. AB - Two unusual sulphur-containing amino acids have been isolated from urine of a baby who died with major physical malformations and failure of growth and development. Sensitive mass spectrometric methods were used to identify the nanomole quantities of the compounds available as S-(2-carboxypropyl)-cysteine and S-(2-carboxypropyl)-cysteamine. Incubation of fibroblasts in either [14C]Valine or [35S]cysteine resulted in radioactive labelling of the compounds, suggesting their origin from conjugation of methacrylic acid with cysteine and subsequent decarboxylation of the cysteine conjugate. Specific assay of methacrylyl-CoA hydratase is needed for final proof that this is a new inborn error of that enzyme, but these findings and parental consanguinity make this very likely. It seems possible that methacrylic acid or one of its derivatives may have caused the malformations present in the baby. PMID- 7236860 TI - Computer program PAAS for the estimation of possible amino acid sequence of peptides. PMID- 7236861 TI - Mass spectrometry of permethylated folic acid analogs. AB - Folic acid and several analogs have been characterized as their permethylated derivatives. These derivatives are readily evaporated from the solid probe and provide spectra with abundant molecular ions and characteristic fragment ions. This method has been used to confirm the identities of the two methotrexate metabolites, 7-hydroxymethotrexate and 4-amino-4-deoxy-N(10)-methylpteroic acid, which have been isolated from human urine. The permethylation products of the folate cofactors, dihydrofolic acid, tetrahydrofolic acid and leucovorin, are also characterized. PMID- 7236863 TI - Electron impact mass spectrometry of maleimycin. AB - The mass spectrometric behaviour of maleimycin, a bicyclic maleimide antibiotic, is discussed in detail with the aid of exact mass measurements, metastables (linked scans B/E and B2/E), ionization and appearance energy measurements and deuterium labelling experiments. The unusual loss of NH3 from the molecular ion is highlighted and a possible mechanism is proposed. PMID- 7236862 TI - Quantitative profiling of the metabolic cascade of arachidonic acid by capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry. AB - The analytical approach described allows for the rapid screening and concurrent quantitative determination of all of the major metabolites of the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid, including the primary prostaglandins PGE2, PGD2 and PGF2 alpha in addition to the stable end-products of short-lived prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 (6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2, respectively), generated by incubating arachidonic acid with mouse peritoneal macrophage cells. After derivatization into the corresponding methyl ester-methoxime-TMS derivative, the extracted endogenous compounds were analysed by combined high efficiency glass capillary column chromatography and selected ion monitoring. Comparatively lower detection limits can be achieved with the methyl ester-butylboronate-TMS derivatives (e.g. 10 pg for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha). A brief account is also presented on a new type of mixed methyl ester-pentafluorobenzyloxime-butylboronate-TMS derivative of TXB2 and 5-keto-PGF1 alpha. PMID- 7236864 TI - Quantitation of 2-ketoacids in biological fluids by gas chromatography chemical ionization mass spectrometry of O-trimethylsilyl-quinoxalinol derivatives. AB - A very sensitive and specific method of 2-ketoacid determination in various biological fluids using gas chromatography chemical ionization mass spectrometry of O-trimethylsilyl-quinoxalinol derivatives is described. After derivatization with o-phenylenediamine in acidic medium and extraction, the 2-ketoacids, and the 2-ketovaleric acid used as internal standard, are silylated and resolved on a capillary column and their concentrations automatically determined by monitoring the m/z values corresponding to their respective protonated molecular ions, using ammonia as reactant gas. The detection limit is below 50 ng ml-1 of each 2 ketoacid. The recoveries of 2-ketoacids from urine and plasma were between 97 and 104%. Problems encountered with interfering substances were tested for and discussed. This method has been applied successfully to various metabolic disorders characterized by an accumulation of aliphatic 2-ketoacids. The metabolic interrelationship of branched chain 2-ketoacids and other compounds, especially pyruvate, is discussed. PMID- 7236865 TI - Determination of glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid in Ringer's solution without desalination at the femtomole level by gas chromatography chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AB - For the quantification of glutamic acid in Ringer's solution, pentafluoropropionic methyl ester was the most sensitive derivative. The detectable concentration was 0.01 microM glutamic acid in Ringer's solution; the amount of the preparation was 1 pmol and the injection into a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer was 10 fmol. For the quantification of gamma-aminobutyric acid in Ringer's solution, the trifluoroacetal-hexafluoropropionyl ester was quantification of gamma-aminobutyric acid in Ringer's solution, the trifluoroacetal-hexafluoropropionyl ester was detectable at a concentration of 0.01 microM. Ringer's salts facilitated acylation in the order heptafluorobutyric anhydride greater than pentafluoropropionic anhydride greater than trifluoroacetic anhydride. The effect depended on esterification of carboxy groups in the order methyl ester greater than hexafluoropropionyl ester greater than butyl ester. Sodium carbonate, sodium acetate and sodium citrate also facilitated acylation with pentafluoroproionic anhydride, while sodium phosphate inhibited the acylation and sodium sulfate inhibited it slightly. The pentafluoropropionic methyl ester of glutamic acid was stable for up to 10 days, when it was dissolved in acetone and stored at -18 degrees C. PMID- 7236866 TI - Electron impact, chemical ionization and field desorption mass spectrometry of substituted dihydroxyphenyl-benzodioxins isolated from insect cuticle. Occurrence of thermal decomposition and oligomerization reactions in the mass spectrometer. AB - The electron impact, field desorption and chemical ionization mass spectra of seven dihydroxyphenyl-benzodioxins isolated from insect cuticle are discussed. Reproducible electron impact and chemical ionization spectra are obtained as a result of thermal decomposition and either electron impact or chemical ionization. In some of the chemical ionization spectra dimerization of the thermal degradation products is observed. Structure determination is possible based upon the electron impact and field desorption spectra. PMID- 7236867 TI - Identification of minor metabolites of 5-fluorocytosine in man by chemical ionization gas chromatography mass spectrometry. AB - A new minor metabolite of 5-fluorocytosine, 5-hydroxy-5-fluorocytosine, was found in the urinary gravel excreted by a patient being treated with this drug. A metabolite of 5-fluorocytosine in animals, alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine, was identified and quantitated in the urine of nine patients. In general, alpha fluoro-beta-alanine represented 0.05--0.25% of the daily dose of 5 fluorocytosine, both for orally and intravenously administered drug. Minor metabolites have been implicated in the occasional toxicity observed in patients receiving 5-fluorocytosine. PMID- 7236868 TI - Detection and metabolism of fencamfamine and the influence of acetazolamide on its urinary excretion. AB - A gas-chromatographic (g.l.c.) method with electron-capture (e.c.) detection is described for the simultaneous quantitative determination of nanogram concentrations of 2-ethylamino-3-phenyl-norbornane (Fencamfamine, REACTIVAN) and its metabolite 2-amino-3-phenylnorbornane in urine. The renal excretion of fencamfamine and its metabolite after oral administration to humans was followed over a period of several days. The excretion of both substances was affected by urinary pH. Excretion peaks were obtained 2-4 h after ingestion and the total amount excreted during 80 h varied from 11.9 to 33.2 per cent. Based on urinary values, the biological half life of fencamfamine was 16 h. The intake of acetazolamide shortly after fencamfamine resulted in a decrease of the fencamfamine excretion and a suppression of the metabolite output during at least 10 h. Acetazolamide did not influence the percentage of the doses excreted during 80 h. No changes occurred in urinary fencamfamine or metabolite concentrations during storage of urine at -18 degrees for 6 weeks. PMID- 7236869 TI - The effect of increased caffeine intake on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of theophylline in man. AB - The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered theophylline (100 mg) have been investigated in three healthy male volunteers who consumed 6 bottles/day of a cola beverage, in addition to their usual intake of methylxanthines, for 7 days prior to and during the study. Five urinary metabolites were detected in addition to unchanged theophylline, that is 3 methylxanthine, 1,3-dimethyluric acid, 1-methyluric acid, and two minor unknown metabolites. The elimination of theophylline, 1,3-dimethyluric acid, 1-methyluric acid, and the two unknowns was described by first-order kinetics, whereas that of 3-methylxanthine was described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The results have been compared with those previously obtained in the same volunteers while consuming their usual intake of methylxanthine-containing foods and beverages, and this shows that the addition of extra methylxanthines to the diet does not influence the disposition of theophylline. This is in marked contrast to the effect of deprivation of dietary methylxanthines on theophylline metabolism. The results are discussed in terms of the influence of methylxanthines on theophylline metabolism, and of its possible dose-dependency. PMID- 7236871 TI - A propranolol radioimmunoassay and its use in the study of its pharmacokinetics following low doses. AB - A radioimmunoassay has been developed for propranolol with a sensitivity of 2.37 nmol l-1 in unextracted plasma using a 50 microliter sample. Plasma concentration measurements were made on samples from volunteers for up to 8 h after they had been given 5, 10, or 40 mg of propranolol by mouth. Analysis of the results showed that mean elimination half-lives and total body clearances were similar following each of the doses and that the area under the curve was proportional to the dose. Steady-state propranolol concentrations in 17 patients on regular propranolol treatment were linearly related to the dose ver the range 20-640 mg d 1; the regression line extrapolated to the origin. These data indicate non saturable kinetics for the hepatic metabolism of propranolol within the dose ranges investigated and lead us to believe that there is no 'oral-threshold' dose for propranolol. The radioimmunoassay may be useful in clinical practice for monitoring plasma propranolol concentrations and for detecting patient compliance. PMID- 7236870 TI - Bioavailability of sustained release propranolol formulations. AB - In this comparative bioavailability study two sustained release capsule formulations of propranolol, one a clinical trial formulation and the other the U.K. sales formulation ('Inderal' LA), were compared with a conventional 'Inderal' tablet. Twelve healthy adult male volunteers received, on cross-over basis, on three separate occasions, 160 mg oral doses of three formulations of 'Inderal'. Bioavailability was based on concentration of propranolol in whole blood. The peak blood level and area under the propranolol blood level curve fell as the dissolution time increased. The half-lives of the three formulations were inversely proportional to their dissolution rates, those of the sustained release formulations being considerably longer than that of the conventional tablet. The 160 mg 'Inderal' tablet produced a rapid 90-fold decline over 24 h in propranolol blood levels following a high initial peak. By comparison both sustained release formulations showed a less rapid fall in systemic levels and gave higher blood levels at the end of 24 h and plateau values between 8 and 14 ng ml-1. The 'Inderal' LA sustained release formulation gave consistently higher propranolol blood levels than the clinical trial sustained release formulation. This result is in good agreement with their dissolution profiles. The lowering of the systemic bioavailability as the dissolution time increases is thought to be due to an increased metabolism of propranolol. PMID- 7236872 TI - The effect of antacid, metoclopramide, and propantheline on the bioavailability of metoprolol and atenolol. AB - Concomitant administration of antacid increased the maximum concentration (Cpmax) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of 100 mg oral dose of metoprolol by 25 per cent (p less than 0.05) and 11 per cent (p less than 0.1) respectively. For atenolol the opposite effect was observed and Cpmax and AUC were decreased by 37 and 33 per cent respectively (p less than 0.02). In both cases the antacid did not affect the time-course of atenolol in the plasma or its bioavailability. Propantheline prolonged the absorption phase of atenolol and the time of peaking (tmax) was shifted from 2.1 to 4.5 h. Cpmax of atenolol was essentially unchanged by propantheline pretreatment while the AUC was increased by 36 per cent. It is concluded that the negative effect of the antacid on the bioavailability of atenolol is caused by a reduction in the in vivo dissolution rate due to increased gastric pH. The positive effect of propantheline might be due either to more efficient absorption of atenolol in the upper part of the intestine or more extensive dissolution of the drug as a result of prolonged contact with gastric juice or a combination of these factors. PMID- 7236873 TI - Pharmacokinetics of drugs in blood. I. Unusual distribution of gentamicin. AB - Distribution kinetics of gentamicin in whole blood were studied. After spiking human blood to an initial concentration of 20 microgram ml-1, plasma gentamicin concentrations dropped to minima at about 5 min then increased to maxima at about 15 min and remained constant afterwards. A difference of up to 36 per cent between the maximum and minimum was found. The equilibration was faster with lower initial concentrations. These unusual distribution phenomena might be attributed to the Schiff base formation between nonprotonated amino groups of gentamicin and free fatty aldehyde groups on blood cell membrane. The mean equilibrium blood cells/plasma partition ratio was about 0.1. Similar equilibration kinetics were observed with blood of rabbits after being intravenously dosed with gentamicin. Therefore, the time elapsed between the collection and centrifugation of blood samples, especially shortly after dosing, may have a significant effect on the 'measured' plasma gentamicin concentration. Distribution between plasma and blood cells may also occur in a similar manner with other drugs which have primary amino groups. It is recommended that distribution kinetics of drugs and metabolites in blood be included in pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 7236875 TI - Morphogenesis and malformation of the ear. PMID- 7236874 TI - Morphogenesis and malformation of the ear: an overview. PMID- 7236876 TI - Discussion of middle ear anomalies--reply to Dr. Nadol. PMID- 7236877 TI - Assessment and consequence of malformation of the middle ear. PMID- 7236878 TI - Genetic malformations of the inner ear in the mouse and in man. PMID- 7236879 TI - The genetic analysis of profound prelingual deafness. PMID- 7236881 TI - Ear muscles and ear form. PMID- 7236880 TI - Neurophysiology of auditory deprivation. PMID- 7236882 TI - The etiology of external ear malformations and its relation to abnormalities of the middle ear, inner ear, and other organ systems. PMID- 7236883 TI - Intervention in mild-to-moderate conductive and sensorineural hearing losses. PMID- 7236884 TI - Dysmorphogenesis of the inner ear. PMID- 7236885 TI - Discussion of inner ear anomalies-reply to Dr. Schuknecht. PMID- 7236886 TI - Suppression of transfusion-related alloimmunization in intensively treated cancer patients. AB - A retrospective review of HLA antibody testing and transfusion records of 100 cancer patients who required extensive platelet support revealed that 27 of 100 patients exhibited positive HLA antibody tests; only 13 remained positive on repetitive examination, while 88% of aplastic anemia patients so tested were positive. Sixty-five patients with leukemia, 16 with Ewing's sarcoma, and 19 with recurrent undifferentiated lymphoma were studied. Each patient received at least 10 U of platelets (mean of 72). HLA antibodies were detected in 31% (20/65) of the leukemias, 12% (2/16) of the Ewing's, and 26% (5/19) of the lymphoma patients. Fourteen of the 27 patients who developed antibodies became antibody negative again within 2 mo and remained so. There were no significant differences in quantity of platelet transfusions between antibody-negative patients and alloimmunized patients. A smaller group (n = 8) of aplastic anemia patients followed at the NCl exhibited a frequency of alloimmunization of 88% (7/8) after a mean of 44 U of platelets were transfused. Granulocyte transfusions given therapeutically for granulocytopenia and documented infection did not appear to influence HLA antibody formation. These data indicate that significant immunosuppression occurs in intensively treated cancer patients, as measured by their ability to from antibodies to HLA antigens expressed on the surface of transfused platelets. PMID- 7236887 TI - The endogenous lectin of human platelets is an alpha-granule component. AB - Platelets from patients with several bleeding disorders (congenital afibrinogenemia, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, gray platelet syndrome, and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome) were evaluated for both platelet-bound and platelet free hemagglutination activities. Thrombin and A23187 activated afibrinogenemic, Hermansky-Pudlak, and thrombasthenic platelets had normal platelet-bound hemagglutination activity. Gray platelets activated by the same agents had deficient platelet-bound hemagglutination activity. In contrast, thrombin activated afibrinogenemic, gray, and thrombasthenic platelets lacked platelet free hemagglutination activity. Only thrombin-activated Hermansky-Pudlak platelets had a normal level of platelet-free hemagglutination activity. On the basis of these results and the distinguishing characteristics of the defective platelets, it is concluded that the alpha-granules are the origin of the enhanced hemagglutination activity. Furthermore, it is suggested that the insufficiency of the platelet-bound agglutinin may be the cause of the inability of gray platelets to aggregate normally in response to thrombin. PMID- 7236888 TI - Effect of leukocyte antibodies on the fate in vivo of indium-111-labeled granulocytes. AB - The effect of different leukocyte antibodies on the fate in vivo of granulocytes is not known. Thus, the optimum in vitro serologic tests to determine a safe and effective granulocyte transfusion or to diagnose immune destruction of granulocytes in other clinical situations have not been identified. We have studied the effect of granulocyte agglutinating (GA), granulocytotoxic (GC), and lymphocytotoxic (LC) antibodies on the intravascular recovery and half-life (t 1/2) and the extravascular localization of Indium-111-granulocytes in 50 patients. GA antibodies caused reduced granulocyte recovery and t 1/2 in three of three non-neutropenic patients (one with anti-NB1), increased sequestration of cells in the liver, and failure of granulocytes to localize at sites of infection in two of two patients (one with anti-NA1). In contrast, GC antibodies in five patients and LC antibodies in one patient did not cause reduced intravascular recovery or t 1/2 of granulocytes. In nine patients with GC and six patients with LC antibodies, incompatible granulocytes localized at known sites of infection. It appears that GA, but not GC nor LC, antibodies alter the fate in vivo of granulocytes. PMID- 7236889 TI - Cell-cycle manipulation of human leukemic progenitor cells with humoral adjustment in vitro. AB - The cell-cycle change of human leukemic colony-forming cells was studied using a new agar culture method featuring daily feeding of new culture medium with or without leukocyte conditioned medium (LCM). Leukemic cells could be kept out of cycle by withholding LCM from daily feeding and put back into cycle by adding LCM to the daily feeding. PMID- 7236890 TI - Kx: its relationship to chronic granulomatous disease and genetic linkage with Xg. AB - The relationship between neutrophil function and the neutrophil antigen, Kx, as well as the linkage of the gene, Xk, with Xg was examined in a kindred with X linked chronic granulomatous disease. Four of the eight male siblings had chronic granulomatous disease by clinical history and tests of neutrophil function, and all four had Kx-negative neutrophils. The remaining four were in good health and had normal nitroblue tetrazolium reduction tests. However, one of these latter four had Kx-negative neutrophils that functioned normally. These data suggest that closely linked but distinct genes on the X chromosome code for chronic granulomatous disease and Kx. In addition, close linkage was demonstrated between Xk and Xg, a gene coding for an erythrocyte surface antigen. PMID- 7236892 TI - Factors predicting long-term survival in diffuse mixed, histiocytic, or undifferentiated lymphoma. AB - Clinical and histopathologic material from 151 cases of diffuse mixed, diffuse histiocytic, and diffuse undifferentiated non-Burkitt's lymphomas have been reviewed to determine the factors that predict long-term survival. Median survival of all patients was 34 mo with 43% alive at 70 mo. Factors associated with a poor prognosis include: male sex, constitutional symptoms, advanced stage, bone marrow involvement, huge (greater than 10 cm) abdominal masses with gastrointestinal involvement, hepatic involvement, hemoglobin greater than 12 g/dl, or serum LDH greater than 250 U. The best prediction of a given patient's survival was defined by a set of four variables, which includes sex, symptoms, bone marrow status, and the presence or absence of a huge abdominal mass with gastrointestinal involvement. In contrast, classification of these patients according to the histopathologic categories of Rappaport of Strauchen did not define patient groups with significant differences in survival, nor did these categories correlate with the previously described clinical factors. Knowledge of the distribution of these prognostic factors in any clinical trial is needed before therapeutic results can be compared. In addition, such data may define subsets of patients for whom current therapy is inadequate and conversely those patients for whom current therapy yields excellent long-term survival. PMID- 7236891 TI - A procedure for removing high titer antibodies by extracorporeal protein-A sepharose adsorption in hemophilia: substitution therapy and surgery in a patient with hemophilia B and antibodies. AB - A 37-yr-old hemophiliac with factor IX antibody in high titer required operation for a pseudotumor growing invasively into the bone in his left elbow. Exchange plasma-pheresis was not feasible, mainly because of possible stimulation of factor IX inhibitor. In addition, the patient had antibodies against tissue antigens. The factor IX antibodies were of IgG type and adsorbable to protein-A agarose. The antibodies were removed by extracorporeal adsorption of the plasma (separated intermittently in a cell centrifuge) to sterile protein-A-Sepharose in columns, operated by a computer. The treated plasma was retransfused. In this manner, a total of 6000 ml of plasma was depleted of antibodies, and the antibody titer, as well as the total immunoglobulin content, decreased to one-fifth of the original values. The remaining antibodies were neutralized by infusion of factor IX concentrate. Conventional substitution therapy, in combination with immunosuppression, was then possible. The operation was performed without complications. No signs of hemolysis, complement activation, or activation of the coagulation system occurred. In principle, the same form of treatment can be used in patients with other forms of antibodies. PMID- 7236893 TI - Variable deformability of irreversibly sickled erythrocytes. AB - The relationship of altered deformability of irreversibly sickled cells (ISC) to their morphological and physiologic characteristics was evaluated in this study. ISC obtained by differential centrifugation and density gradient sedimentation were separated and enriched into hard and soft populations on the basis of their ability to pass through Nuclepore filters with an average pore size of 3.0 mu. Measurement of deformability by micropipette and Nuclepore elastimetry documented marked differences of erythrocyte rigidity in the two populations. Yet ISC morphology, intracellular viscosity determinants (mean cell hemoglobin concentration, density profile gradient, hemoglobin composition), and surface area geometry (mean cell volume, osmotic fragility) were similar in populations of hard and soft ISC. The similarity in intracellular viscosity and surface area geometry suggests that an intrinsic membrane alteration is responsible for the difference in deformability of filtration separated populations of ISC. Hard ISC may be more important to the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease than soft ISC, though ISC counts on peripheral blood smears would not be of help in distinguishing the two populations. PMID- 7236894 TI - Biochemical analysis of specific histamine HI and H2 receptors on lymphocytes. AB - It is increasingly clear that histamine mediates a variety of lymphocyte functions. Further understanding of these mechanisms requires a method for the analysis of histamine membrane receptors on the lymphocyte surface. We report now a biochemical technique for the identification and quantitation of specific histamine H1 and H2 receptors of lymphocytes. The method can be performed on small numbers of formaldehyde-fixed cells. The data this assay yields, together with that resulting from the flow cytometric analysis of histamine receptor distribution (a technique we have previously described), will be a powerful tool in the study of histamine mediation of lymphocyte function. PMID- 7236895 TI - [Macrophage precursors as cytotoxic effector cells (author's transl)]. AB - We have shown previously that in liquid cultures of mouse bone marrow cultured in the presence of fibroblast-conditioned medium macrophage precursor cells are generated which show K- and NK-activity. We have now presented evidence that macrophage precursor cells are released from the bone marrow into the periphery under in vivo conditions. Both in the corynebacterium parvum-induced mouse peritoneal exsudate and in the spleen of nu/nu mice the existence of macrophages precursor cells can be demonstrated. If these cells are eliminated by the use of the alloantimacrophage serum Mph 1.2 + C' the NK-activity of both populations is greatly reduced. Also human peripheral blood leucocytes contain macrophage precursor cells in varying amounts. After complete depletion of mature macrophages from peripheral blood macrophage precursor cells mature to typical adherent macrophages within a culture period of 5 days. These macrophage precursor cells resemble morphologically medium-sized lymphocytes. They are nonadherent and nonphagocytic and stain negative for nonspecific esterase. PMID- 7236897 TI - Prostaglandins and erythropoiesis: structure/action relationships and identification of the prostaglandin responsive cells. AB - Ten prostaglandin derivatives have been investigated for their ability to stimulate heme synthesis in serum-free cultures of fetal mouse liver cells in an attempt to define the structural requirements of the prostaglandin molecule necessary for erythrostimulation. In descending order of potency, only PGE2, PGF2 alpha and PGB1 produced at least 50% stimulation of endogenous heme synthesis. Seven of the ten prostaglandin derivatives tested were inhibitory at high concentrations. The PGE2 effect was pharmacologically distinct from that of Ep and could be antagonized by 15 epi PGF2 alpha. Unit gravity cell sedimentation studies demonstrated that PGE2 stimulated only the larger cells within the erythropoietin responsive cell population. PMID- 7236896 TI - [Clinical studies of familial hereditary factor VII deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - The discovery of a severe factor VII deficiency with increased bleeding tendency resulted in investigations of 22 members of the family. In the propositus and in two of his siblings a severe hypoproconvertinemia was demonstrated, a partial deficiency was found in ten persons. Studies of the family confirmed that this disorder is transmitted by an autosomal gene with intermediate penetrance. The mutated gene produces a severe deficiency in the homozygote and partial deficiency in the heterozygote. The parents of the homozygote patients were consanguineous. Hemorrhagic diathesis was noted only in patients with a severe factor VII deficiency. Causes for the variability of the clinical manifestations are discussed. PMID- 7236898 TI - Experimental studies on combined radio-chemotherapy. AB - A review is presented of the factors which influence dose-response relationships for induction of cell reproductive death in tumours and normal tissues by radiation and chemotherapeutic agents. It is pointed out that inherent differences exist among different types of cells and that environmental conditions of cells are important. A summary is given of the various systems and responses that should be studied experimentally in order to obtain insights in the possibilities to improve cancer treatment by combined radio-chemotherapy. A few examples are discussed of the responses of a rat rhabdomyosarcoma to combined treatments with radiation and vinblastine, which illustrate the importance of cell proliferation kinetics. PMID- 7236899 TI - Clinical objectives and normal tissue responses in combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. AB - It is clear that the risk of toxicity to normal tissues in combined therapy is reduced by separating drug administration and radiation exposure in time. The short-term interaction of drugs and radiation aimed at producing enhanced tumour cell kill is difficult to demonstrate in vivo in animal experiments and unlikely to be important in clinical practice. Increased toxicity of normal tissues in man has been manifest both in terms of early and late reactions and probably also in carcinogenesis. In the latter context choice of drug and possibly sequencing may be important in minimising the risk of tumour induction. There are few experimental studies examining moderately long time intervals between drug and radiation exposure. The administration of chemotherapy prior to irradiation may be less toxic than the converse sequence, although clinical data supporting this contention are limited at the present time. PMID- 7236900 TI - [Inhibitors of bone marrow stem cells proliferation. Possible applications during chemotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - An inhibitor of bone marrow stem cell (CFU-S) proliferation, prepared from fetal calf marrow, was administered to mice during sequential treatments with Cytosine Arabinoside. Results show that the percentage of CFU-S survival is significantly increased when the inhibitor is given simultaneously with the drug. A purified fraction of the inhibitor obtained by chromatography permitted survival of mice receiving lethal doses of Cytosine Arabinoside. The inhibit seems to be specific for CFU-S and has no effect on EMT6 tumor cells in vitro. Since it is not specific for the animal species, its clinical use could be envisaged to protect bone marrow during chemotherapy. PMID- 7236901 TI - [Conservative treatment of malignant vulvo-vaginal tumors (in childhood, by multi disciplinary approach (clear cell carcinomas excluded) (author's transl)]. AB - Malignant vulvovaginal tumors in 24 children were treated at the Institut Gustave Roussy between 1970 and 1979 (16 embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas and 8 yolk sac tumors), with conservative treatment: chemotherapy, curietherapy and partial surgery according to each case. After a mean follow-up period of three years, 20 patients had been cured, while only 4 patients had moderate sequelae. PMID- 7236902 TI - A procedure for determining benzene in soil by the purge-and-trap technique. PMID- 7236903 TI - Acute toxicology of priority pollutants to bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). PMID- 7236904 TI - Investigation on the cause of a fish-kill (Epinephelus) in the Kisamos Gulf, Crete. PMID- 7236905 TI - A comparison of in vivo and in vitro (tissue explant) techniques: metabolic profile of ethylcyclohexane in rat and dog. PMID- 7236906 TI - Subject groups high and low in urinary selenium levels: workers exposed to heavy metals and patients with cancer and epilepsy. PMID- 7236907 TI - Chemical form and distribution of mercury and selenium in eggs from chickens fed mercury-contaminated grain. PMID- 7236908 TI - Acute toxic responses of the freshwater planarian, Dugesia dorotocephala, to chlordane. PMID- 7236909 TI - Persistence of five pyrethroid insecticides in sterile and natural, mineral and organic soil. PMID- 7236910 TI - Analysis of alkyl phosphates by extractive alkylation. PMID- 7236911 TI - Dialkyl phosphates in urine samples from pesticide formulators exposed to disulfoton and phorate. PMID- 7236912 TI - Drift from a commercial, aerial application of methyl and ethyl parathion: an estimation of potential human exposure. PMID- 7236913 TI - Drift from and transport subsequent to a commercial, aerial application of carbofuran: an estimation of potential human exposure. PMID- 7236914 TI - Brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity in nestling starlings: implications for monitoring exposure of nestling songbirds to ChE inhibitors. PMID- 7236915 TI - Insecticides in the ambient air of rooms following their application for control pests. PMID- 7236917 TI - Usage patterns of chemically treated wood on Michigan dairy farms. PMID- 7236916 TI - Effects of pesticides on decomposition of organic matter and nitrification in sewage. PMID- 7236918 TI - Surfactant effects on petunia pollen germination in vitro. PMID- 7236920 TI - Morphogen pattern formation and development in growth. PMID- 7236919 TI - Identification of silent infections in SIR epidemics. PMID- 7236921 TI - Simulation experiments with a model for cellular growth. PMID- 7236922 TI - On Zeeman's equations for the nerve impulse. PMID- 7236923 TI - Complementary extremum principles for a nonlinear model of heat conduction in the human head. PMID- 7236924 TI - The distinction between paranoid and non-paranoid forms of schizophrenia. AB - The distinction between paranoid and non-paranoid forms of schizophrenia is discussed. The different methods of making the distinctions are examined as well as some of the different variables to which it has been applied. It is suggested that the grounds on which the distinction is made are often questionable and that there is a case for saying that they may not even be tenable. PMID- 7236925 TI - Base-line muscle tensions and motoric responding of schizophrenics. AB - Schizophrenics with high or low levels of frontalis muscle tensions while at rest (base-line) were instructed to respond (button-press) at different rates, allowed to respond at any rate they preferred, and reinforced for responding under different schedules of reinforcement. Information about response-reinforcement relationships was provided for each reinforcement schedule. High and low levels of base-line muscle tensions were associated with high and low rates of preferred and reinforced responding, respectively. Response rates also varied with different contingencies of reinforcement. Further, the data permit the following tentative conclusions: (a) under certain contingencies, responding may vary more with base-line muscle tensions than with the contingency of reinforcement, and (b) instructed rates of responding may not be correlated consistently with base line muscle tensions. PMID- 7236926 TI - Olfaction in Korsakoffs, alcoholics and normals. AB - Samples of 12 hospitalized Korsakoffs, 12 hospitalized non-Korsakoff alcoholics, and 12 controls, all groups being of comparable age range, were tested using a set of seven visual and olfactory measures which involved memory. By stepwise multiple discriminant analysis it was shown that strong separation could be effected between the three groups, solely on the basis of the olfactory recognition and recall tests, which included the Campbell-Gregson (1972) procedure. The use of of anosmia as a diagnostic indicator for Korsakoff's syndrome is discussed. PMID- 7236927 TI - Psychological sequelae of brain tumours in childhood: a retrospective study. AB - Forty-seven patients who had been treated for brain tumours during childhood were assessed on standardized measures of intellectual ability. Five patients could not be satisfactorily assessed. For the remaining 42, the mean IQ was lower than expected (09.0), with 20 patients having scores in the 'below average' categories. There were no apparent effects in IQ between patients treated for different tumours, but patients treated before five years of age had significantly lower scores (mean equal 76.54) than patients treated from 6-10 years (mean 91.86) and 10-16 years (99-93). There was wide variability in educational achievement and type of employment among the group. PMID- 7236929 TI - Conditional probabilities and the grid test for schizophrenic thought disorder. AB - The grid test for schizophrenic thought disorder was administered to a sample of 149 psychiatric patients. This sample was drawn from a population with a known base rate of schizophrenia and an estimated base rate of thought disorder, thus allowing for the calculation of population specific cutting scores for the grid test. The grid test, using these data along with others from previous grid test studies, was then analysed for diagnostic efficiency using conditional probability formulae. The conclusion reached is that the grid test for schizophrenic thought disorder is unsatisfactory as a diagnostic instrument. PMID- 7236928 TI - Shaping and generalization procedures in the EMG-biofeedback treatment of tension headaches. AB - The effectiveness of frontalis electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback in the treatment of chronic tension headaches using shaping and generalization procedures, was examined. Following remission, that took place early in the experiment (as a consequence of recording incidence), nine subjects from a sample of 40 patients suffering from chronic tension headaches were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions: five to a 'frontalis EMG-biofeedback' group, and four to a control condition designated 'high expectations of cure'. Frontalis EMG headache frequency and duration, personality variables, psychosomatic complaints and medication intake were recorded. Following treatment, results indicated that biofeedback was significantly superior to the control condition in reducing headache. Subjects in the biofeedback group achieved high degree of control over EMG responses under different stress conditions. Progress was maintained at 10 month follow-up. PMID- 7236930 TI - A note on the ageing of hemispheric asymmetries. PMID- 7236931 TI - A note on the effects of irrelevant information on task performance after mild and severe head injury. PMID- 7236932 TI - A trial of a new method for studying drinking and drinking problems in three countries of the Americas. PMID- 7236933 TI - Health-related components of a nutritional surveillance system. PMID- 7236934 TI - A diarrheal diseases control program among Nicaraguan refugee children in Campo Luna, Honduras. PMID- 7236935 TI - A household survey of health and illness in rural Bolivia. PMID- 7236936 TI - From concepts to programs: three decades of progress for veterinary public health and animal health in Latin America and the Caribbean. PMID- 7236937 TI - Serum IgM as an indicator of intrauterine infection in Colombian newborns. PMID- 7236938 TI - Antigenic relationships among Tacaiuma complex viruses of the Anopheles A serogroup (Bunyaviridae). PMID- 7236939 TI - Disaster preparedness and relief nursing in the Caribbean. PMID- 7236940 TI - Malaria program in Brazil's Amazon region. PMID- 7236941 TI - Poliomyelitis in the Americas, 1979. PMID- 7236942 TI - Comments on the article "Development of test methods for evaluation of wheelchair cushions". PMID- 7236943 TI - A new method for the measurement of normal pressure between amputation residual limb and socket. PMID- 7236944 TI - Dynamic pressure measurements at the interface between residual limb and socket- the relationship between pressure distribution, comfort, and brim shape. PMID- 7236945 TI - A comparison of sitting pressures on wheelchair cushions as measured by air cell transducers and miniature electronic transducers. AB - With increasing attention to cushion selection for patients subject to decubitus ulcers, greater efforts are being made to prescribe cushions based on individual need. Pressure measurements during sitting frequently are utilized as a clinical guide to the process of selection and fitting. To determine the relationship between pressure values recorded from different types of transducers, simultaneous measurements were made beneath the ischial tuberosities using a Scimedics air cell transducer on one side and a matrix of 5 Kulite electronic transducers on the other side of a subject while sitting on a series of 21 commercially available wheelchair cushions. Although these transducers are different in structure and function, statistically similar results were obtained. The air cell type of transducer appear to be more appropriate for routine clinical use, but caution is advised regarding interpretation of results in terms of absolute pressures due to the many variables involved -- these techniques are suitable primarily for comparative measurements to obtain the optimal seating support for a given patient. PMID- 7236946 TI - New approaches for the control of powered prostheses particularly by high-level amputees. PMID- 7236947 TI - Electrotactile stimulation relevant to sensory-motor rehabilitation: a progress report. PMID- 7236948 TI - A technique for the display of joint movement deviations. AB - Detection of deviations in lower-limb joint movements derived during locomotion testing may be enhanced by displaying as a function of the gait cycle the algebraic difference between actual performance and a synthetic waveform. A synthetic waveform for a joint movement may be generated by applying Fourier series coefficients derived from a statistical treatment of test data characterizing the performance of normal healthy individuals walking at various velocities. Application of waveform specifics related to velocity yields a synthetic pattern serving as the criterion at the specific velocity demonstrated by a patient. The deviations, when plotted for the gait cycle, show the manner in which the actual waveform differs from the synthetic. At any increment of the gait cycle, the magnitude of the deviation and whether it is positive or negative can be determined. A positive deviation means that an expected angular position was exceeded, while a negative deviation means that an expected angular position was not reached. Individual signatures may be identified by the shape of the deviation pattern. Detection of the presence of oscillatory components in joint movements may be enhanced. Deviation patterns, developed from joint movements monitored bilaterally, often reveal compensatory activity with regard to the relative performances of the ipsilateral and contralateral limbs. Deviation amplitudes exceeding statistically determined boundaries for the synthetic waveform (e.g., two standard deviations) at specific zones of the support or wing phases facilitate identification of dysfunction. This paper describes the technique for deriving the deviation pattern, and touches upon its potential utility in evaluating locomotory performance of patients. PMID- 7236949 TI - In vitro evaluation of the effect of acetabular prosthesis implantation on human cadaver pelves. PMID- 7236950 TI - Development of test methods for evaluation of wheelchair cushions. PMID- 7236951 TI - The gait laboratory force plate at the Cleveland VA Medical Center. PMID- 7236952 TI - A computerized device for the volumetric analysis of the residual limbs of amputees. AB - Prosthetics Research Study has developed a computerized automated system for the volumetric analysis of the residual limbs of amputees. Basically, this system utilizes the same principles as does normal, clinical fluid displacement volumetric analysis, with the addition of the following--if an object is suspended in a vertical cylinder into which water is being injected at a constant rate, then the rate of rise of the water will vary proportionally, at any point, with the cross-sectional area of the object. In this system, water is pumped into a Plexiglas cylinder of appropriate size so as to immerse a residual limb within a time frame of under ten seconds while a microcomputer records the water depth as a function of time. The rate of water depth rise is recorded for 256 levels during a measurement. These results are then analyzed comparatively, on a level for-level basis, with similar rates generated with fluid pumped into the empty cylinder, thus generating 256 discrete cross-sectional-area parameters. These are then processed (in groups of eight) into 32 actual cross sections and displayed, graphed, or stored for purposes of comparison. Possible clinical application for this kind of device includes measurement of edema and other extremity volume changes with time, and measurement of muscle activity related to axial movements of muscle bulk. PMID- 7236954 TI - The upper limb: pain around the elbow. PMID- 7236953 TI - The upper limb: the frozen shoulder. PMID- 7236955 TI - Management of early childhood autism. PMID- 7236956 TI - Your accounts: private practice-1. PMID- 7236957 TI - Psychiatric management of attempted suicide patients. PMID- 7236958 TI - Medicine and the media: a good read? PMID- 7236959 TI - Equipment for mobile intensive care. PMID- 7236960 TI - How to insert a peritoneal dialysis catheter. PMID- 7236962 TI - How to manage a cardiac arrest. PMID- 7236963 TI - How to insert a chest drain and aspirate a pleural effusion. PMID- 7236964 TI - Repair of major defect of the upper extremity with a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap: a case report. AB - The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap was first used by Tansini in 1896 and in recent years has been increasingly used for a wide range of surgical reconstructions, particularly as a free flap transfer. We report a case in which an extensive defect of the left arm and shoulder was resurfaced with a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap prior to orthopaedic reconstruction of a large defect in the humeral shaft. PMID- 7236961 TI - Thrombosis and oral contraception. PMID- 7236965 TI - Breast reconstruction after cancer--aesthetic triumph or surgical disaster? PMID- 7236966 TI - The anatomy of the philtrum: observations made on dissections in the normal lip. AB - Cadaver dissections and histological studies were performed on the philtral region of eight adults and four foetal lips to elucidate the detailed anatomy of the orbicularis oris muscle in the intact normal lip. The findings are correlated with clinical observations on lip function and modifications of technique are suggested that might improve the results in cleft lip repair. PMID- 7236967 TI - Haemodynamics of the delayed skin flap: a total blood-flow study. AB - Pedicle skin flaps in dogs were delayed and venous outflow measured at various times following a delay procedure. An initial small but significant decrease in blood flow was noted in the first 48 hours postoperatively in several flaps suggesting that a denervation supersensitivity-arteriovenous shunt mechanism may be active at this time. In all flaps after the second day, total flap blood flow markedly increased compared to the initial measurement. This suggests that the most significant haemodynamic event occurring during the delay period is the development of vascular collaterals. PMID- 7236968 TI - Primary functional cheek reconstruction: a case report. PMID- 7236969 TI - Middle ear disease in the cleft palate infant: its effect on speech and language development. AB - A study of the effect of screening and treatment of middle ear effusions in cleft palate children throughout the first four years of life gave a modest reduction in the incidence of persistent effusions at four years, but prevented tympanic perforations and attic retractions. There was no demonstrable advantage in terms of speech, and an insignificant advantage in terms of language development. PMID- 7236970 TI - One-stage hypospadias repair: a review of 143 cases treated by the van der Meulen technique. PMID- 7236971 TI - Hypospadias revisited. AB - A careful histological study of chordee tissue obtained in 30 consecutive cases of hypospadias has shown the presence of a considerable amount of smooth muscle. Preputial skin contains some elastic tissue. This feature may well provide significant advantages in the use of tubed preputial skin for urethral repair. PMID- 7236972 TI - The results of node resection for clinically enlarged lymph nodes in malignant melanoma. AB - Patients with malignant melanoma who require a block dissection for clinically enlarged lymph nodes have a relatively good prognosis if only one node is involved histologically and the primary is on the lower limb. Sixty per cent of these patients with single nodes show a 10 year disease-free survival rate, compared with 9% for those with multiple node involvement. The local recurrence rate at the resection site of hyperplastic nodes was 26% but fell to 10% when only a single node was involved. The disease-free interval and the survival time are a useful measure of the effectiveness of node resection. PMID- 7236973 TI - The definition of cutaneous vascular territories over the back using selective angiography and the intra-arterial injection of prostaglandin E1: some observations on the use of the lower trapezius myocutaneous flap. AB - The lower trapezius myocutaneous flap based on the descending branch of the transverse cervical artery is particularly useful in the repair of defects over the back, shoulder and scalp region. Three illustrative examples are given of the use of this particular flap. The precise definition of the vascular territory in the overlying skin can be shown by selective angiography and intra-arterial injection of PGE 1. An axial vascular territorial map has been constructed to show the anatomical distribution of the various dominant areas that supply the skin over the back. PMID- 7236974 TI - Absence of the lateral canthal tendon in the Treacher-Collins syndrome. PMID- 7236975 TI - A clinical evaluation of the air-fluidised bed in a general plastic surgery unit. AB - Over a period of seven months nine patients were nursed on an air-fluidised bed. Measurements showed that skin-bed interface pressures were significantly lower on this bed than on a conventional hospital bed, particularly over the areas of the highest pressure. Whilst the bed did not shorten the patients' hospital stay, it did simplify nursing and improve patient comfort, especially in burns cases. Perhaps even more important was the observation that with correct use of the bed, no new pressure sores developed and established sores did not become worse. PMID- 7236976 TI - The "C" costal cartilage graft in reconstruction of the unilateral cleft lip nose. PMID- 7236977 TI - Congenital short urethra. AB - A surgical technique is described for the short urethra. The malformation is also described and differentiated from penile curvature of cutaneous origin. The urethroplasty involves division of the short urethra and the design of an island flap using penile skin formed into a tube over a sound. The reconstructed segment is placed between two divided segments of the original short urethra and restores its natural length. Complications and results are discussed. We have also encountered cases characterised by a slight curvature of the penis that was corrected after dissecting out the urethra over the full length of the penis. We call this "penile curvature due to anomalous disposition of the urethra", (Diaz Gomez, 1979) and it is remedied by moving the freed urethra 2-3 mm lower with the aid of sutures anchored to Buck's fascia. PMID- 7236979 TI - The surgical treatment of temporal and sideburn alopecia. PMID- 7236978 TI - The "wrap-around" end-to-side anastomosis for micro-vessels. AB - A new technique of end-to-side microvascular anastomosis is described. Using the rat groin flap model this technique was used to anastomose the superficial epigastric artery to the femoral artery. It proved successful with a 100% patency rate in 15 successive animals. Three flaps developed complications unrelated to the anastomosis which necessitated termination of the experiment after 3 days, but the remaining 12 anastomoses were functioning well when examined after 4 weeks. PMID- 7236980 TI - Rapid skin cover in hand injuries using the reverse-dermis flap. AB - When skin flap cover is needed to repair a hand defect it may prove impossible to use a local or cross-finger flap. Many types of distant flaps are available but these usually require a prolonged period of attachment. It is the purpose of this short paper to show that a direct reversed-dermis flap can provide good cover with a short attachment phase and allows early mobilisation. PMID- 7236981 TI - A critical assessment of the bilobed flap. AB - The design and clinical application of the bilobed flap are described with particular reference to reconstruction of defects over the nose and the naso labial region. Apart from certain lesions on the sole of the foot, its main clinical advantage is the repair and closure of facial wounds. PMID- 7236982 TI - Growth effects of differing oronasal flaps on rib grafts in the dog palate. AB - An experimental model was designed to test the hypothesis that the periosteum of the nasal cavity may have an inherent tendency for bone resorption whereas oro palatal periosteum may have an inherent osteogenic character. This hypothesis was found to be valid and could have important surgical implications in man. PMID- 7236983 TI - Augmentation of island flaps by pre-operative cell membrane stabilisation: an experimental study in rats. PMID- 7236984 TI - The fasciocutaneous flap: its use in soft tissue defects of the lower leg. AB - The fasciocutaneous flap is very useful in the repair of soft tissue defects on the lower leg. It is easy to design and construct large flaps that are safe because of the good circulation. The operating time is short for an experienced surgeon and no extra equipment is needed. It is perfectly possible to carry out surgery on the underlying bones at the same time. The postoperative treatment is simple for both the patient and the staff. The surgical technique is described and the results of 23 flaps are critically reviewed. PMID- 7236985 TI - Microtia: total reconstruction of the auricle in one single operation. AB - A one-stage method of total reconstruction of the external ear in microtic patients is described. The auricular framework is fashioned from autogenous rib cartilage. Cover is provided by a vascular pedicle of the conchal area and by the aponeurotic layer which protects the posterior surface supplemented by a full thickness skin graft. The surgical technique is described and the indications for the operation are indicated. PMID- 7236986 TI - A comparison of the effects of nifedipine and verapamil on rat vas deferens. AB - Nifedipine preferentially blocks contractions of the prostatic end of the rat vas deferens to single pulse field stimulation, leaving the epididymal end largely unaffected. This action is not due entirely to antagonism of calcium influx. Verapamil unexpectedly potentiated the responses of the prostatic portion, and antagonized those of the epididymal end. The use of nifedipine may, therefore, allow investigations of adrenergic mechanisms on this tissue to be studied without the complications of non-adrenergic transmission. PMID- 7236987 TI - Evidence for an action of morphine and the enkephalins on sensory nerve endings in the mouse peritoneum. AB - 1 A modification of the abdominal constriction test in mice has been developed, and used to study the antinociceptive effects of morphine and several related drugs. In most experiments, acetic acid (0.6% i.p.) was used as the nociceptive stimulus, and in a few cases, acetylcholine (3.2 mg/kg i.p.) was used. When the abdominal constriction response had reached a maximum, the drugs under test were given intraperitoneally, and their ability to decrease the number of abdominal constrictions was determined, beginning immediately after its administration. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility that morphine and its congeners may produce an antinociceptive effect by an action within the peritoneum.2 It was found that morphine was an extremely potent antinociceptive agent in this modified test, with an ID(50) of 5.4 x 10(-9) mol/kg (1.54 mug/kg). Codeine and pentazocine were about 40 times less active and oxymorphine was about twice as potent as morphine. Met- and Leu-enkephalin were also potent but their action diminished very rapidly with time. Ketocyclazocine was the most potent substance tested, and had an ID(50) value of 1.26 x 10(-10) mol/kg (0.036 mug/kg). All the drugs tested produced their maximal effect within 1 or 2 min of administration.3 Pretreatment of the mice with naloxone caused a dose-dependent shift to the right of the dose-response curve to morphine. The pAx plot was linear over part of the range, with a slope of -1.02 and the ;apparent pA(2)' value was 6.14. Naloxone was much less effective in antagonizing Met-enkephalin, and caused a slight potentiation of ketocyclazocine and pentazocine and of cocaine, which was used for comparison.4 Pretreatment of mice with morphine, 3 h earlier, caused a marked tolerance to a subsequent dose of morphine, and a potentiation of the antagonist potency of naloxone. However, there was little cross-tolerance between morphine and Leu-enkephalin.5 It is concluded that morphine and its congeners can produce an antinociceptive effect by an action within the mouse peritoneum, presumably by interacting with one or more types of opioid receptors which may be situated on sensory nerve endings. PMID- 7236988 TI - Down-regulation of the sodium pump following chronic exposure of HeLa cells and chick embryo heart cells to ouabain. AB - 1 HeLa cells and primary cultures of embryonic chick heart cells were grown in medium containing low concentrations of ouabain for 24 h. 2 Compared with normal cells, cells grown in ouabain have fewer free sodium pump sites, an increased intracellular sodium concentration and a decreased intracellular potassium concentration. The cells are able to maintain their intracellular ion contents because the remaining pump sites have an increased turnover rate. 3 When cells that have been chronically exposed to ouabain are returned to normal growth medium, the sodium pump site numbers increase; the recovery process begins within 6 to 8 h and is complete within 24 h. Recovery of pump site numbers is primarily dependent upon de novo protein synthesis since the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, prevents recovery. PMID- 7236989 TI - Time course of ouabain uptake in isolated myocardial cells: dependence on extracellular potassium and calcium concentration. AB - 1 Spontaneously beating myocardial cells isolated from newborn rats have been used to evaluate the time course of cellular ouabain uptake. 2 The rate of cellular uptake and the amount of ouabain bound at equilibrium were computed by fitting the experimental data to the conventional exponential equation for receptor binding of drugs. 3 At normal extracellular potassium and calcium concentrations a biexponential equation was the best fit to the experimental data, indicating two receptor sites of ouabain with different rates of uptake. 4 Increasing extracellular potassium or calcium concentrations decreased the amounts of ouabain bound at equilibrium. 5 High and low extracellular concentrations of potassium or calcium decreased the rate of ouabain uptake. 6 It is well known that ouabain changes ionic fluxes. Changes in the extracellular potassium and calcium concentrations also influence the amount of ouabain taken up by myocardial cells, as demonstrated in the present study. PMID- 7236990 TI - Pre- and postjunctional effects of clonidine- and oxymetazoline-like compounds in guinea-pig ileal preparations. AB - 1 Noradrenaline and 28 imidazolidine (clonidine-like) and imidazoline (oxymetazoline-like) compounds with various phenyl ring substituents have been examined for their ability to inhibit responses to transmural stimulation and exogenous acetylcholine in ileal preparations from reserpine-treated guinea pigs.2 The bathing solution contained propranolol, mepyramine, cimetidine and desipramine to preclude interference with the responses by other than the alpha receptor-mediated actions of the compounds.3 In transmurally stimulated preparations the inhibitory response to noradrenaline is due to a combination of prejunctional alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation and a postjunctional depressant effect that does not involve adrenoceptor activation.4 Of the 28 imidazolidines and imidazolines studied, 21 inhibited transmurally elicited responses. In the various compounds studied this effect involved actions at pre- or postjunctional sites as indicated by (a) the frequency-dependence of the inhibitory response, (b) its susceptibility to blockade by alpha-receptor antagonists and (c) the relative concentrations required to inhibit responses to transmural stimulation and exogenous acetylcholine. PMID- 7236991 TI - Vesicular noradrenaline stores in peripheral nerves of the rat and their modification by tranylcypromine. AB - 1 Vesicular noradrenaline stores were compared in the heart, salivary gland and vas deferens of the rat. 2 Noradrenaline storage vesicles in nerve terminals of different organs differed with respect to the amount of noradrenaline they contain in the endogenous store (content), the amount of exogenous noradrenaline they can take up from the circulation (uptake) and the amount of noradrenaline they contain when they are saturated (total storage capacity). 3 The data suggest that the vesicles in the salivary gland and vas deferens are almost completely filled with transmitter while, in the heart, the vesicular store is filled to only 55% of its total capacity. 4 The monoamine oxidase inhibitor, tranylcypromine, was found to increase not only the size of the endogenous store but also the size of the unfilled store. PMID- 7236992 TI - Partial agonist behaviour of adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) on human platelets. AB - 1 The effects of an adenosine diphosphate (ADP) analogue, adenosine 5'-O-(2 thiodiphosphate) (ADP-beta-S), in which a terminal phosphate oxygen has been replaced by sulphur, were studied on human platelets. 2 ADP-beta-S induced platelet aggregation and inhibited prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-stimulated adenylate cyclase but in both cases was less potent than ADP and did not achieve the same maximal effects. 3 Both actions of ADP could be inhibited by the simultaneous addition of ADP-beta-S (50 microM). 4 Aggregation induced by 11 alpha, 9 alpha epoxymethano prostaglandin H2 (a stable endoperoxide analogue) was not inhibited by simultaneous addition of ADP-beta-S (50 microM). 5 The behaviour of ADP-beta-S towards human platelets was consistent with it being a partial agonist. PMID- 7236993 TI - Effects of RP and SP diastereoisomers of adenosine 5'-O-(1-thiodiphosphate) on human platelets. AB - 1 RP and SP diastereoisomers of adenosine 5'-O-(1-thiodiphosphate) ((R)-ADP-alpha S and (S)-ADP-alpha-S), an adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) analogue, were tested on intact human platelets. 2 Each diastereoisomer induced aggregation, (S)-ADP alpha-S being 5 times more potent than (R)-ADP-alpha-S but they achieved only 75% of the maximal effect of ADP. 3 Aggregation induced by each diastereoisomer was competitively inhibited by ATP (50 microM). 4 Simultaneous addition of each diastereoisomer inhibited aggregation induced by ADP but not by 11 alpha, 9 alpha epoxymethano prostaglandin H2, a stable endoperoxide analogue. Both diastereoisomers are therefore partial agonists at the ADP receptor mediating aggregation. 5 Unlike ADP, neither diastereoisomer inhibited prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-stimulated adenylate cyclase, but each competitively inhibited the effect of aDP, with (S)-ADP-alpha-S again being 5 times more potent than (R)-ADP-alpha S. 6 These are the first reported examples of ADP analogues to induce platelet aggregation without inhibiting PGE1-stimulated adenylate cyclase. PMID- 7236994 TI - A re-evaluation of acetylcholine receptors on feline Renshaw cells. AB - 1 The effects of atropine, methylatropine and lachesine administered by ionophoresis were examined on responses of Renshaw cells to acetylcholine, acetyl beta-methylcholine, nicotine and DL-muscarine in cats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone or chloralose. 2 The antagonists were as effective in antagonizing excitation by nicotine as they were in antagonizing excitation by acetylcholine and were only slightly more effective in antagonizing excitation by acetyl-beta methylcholine. 3 These results are discussed in relation to the characterization of acetylcholine receptors on Renshaw cells. 4 It is concluded that there are two distinct populations of receptors but that the nicotinic receptors are non selective in their activation by agonists and antagonists, whereas the muscarinic receptors display greater selectivity. PMID- 7236995 TI - Effect of hyperoxia on uptake and metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine and beta phenylethylamine in rat lung: a sex difference. AB - 1 The uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) and their deamination by monoamine oxidase (MAO) were studied in perfused lung from male and female rats exposed to 100% O(2) at 1 ATA for up to 60 h.2 The uptake and metabolism of 5-HT in lungs from both male and female rats was not changed by exposure to O(2).3 The uptake and metabolism of PEA by lungs from male rats was unchanged. Uptake of PEA by lungs from female rats was inhibited 20% and 62% after 37 h and 50 h exposure respectively.4 MAO activity, both in vitro and in perfused lung, was increased towards PEA after 35 h of hyperoxia.5 Metabolism of PEA in perfused lung, measured over 30 min, was inhibited 52% after 50 h of O(2) hyperoxia.6 These results show that exposure to high concentrations of O(2) damages lung, resulting in inhibition of uptake of PEA and consequently in inhibition of metabolism of PEA.7 These results also indicate that, in lung from female rats, MAO-type B is more susceptible to changes in O(2) tension than MAO type A. PMID- 7236997 TI - The effects of atropine and oxotremorine on acetylcholine release in rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations. AB - 1 Atropine (10(-5) M) enhanced the release of [3H]-acetylcholine from rat isolated hemidiaphragms, previously incubated with [3H-methyl]-choline, stimulated via their phrenic nerves. 2 Oxotremorine (10(-5) M) did not affect the stimulated release of [3H]-acetylcholine but antagonized the facilitatory effects of atropine (10(-5) M). 3 It is suggested that there are presynaptic inhibitory muscarinic receptors that modulate the release of acetylcholine in the phrenic nerves of the rat. PMID- 7236996 TI - Theophylline inhibition of renal and cerebral nucleoside formation. AB - 1 Theophylline inhibits the enzymatic formation of purine nucleosides, among these adenosine (dephosphorylated adenosine 5'-monophosphate), in kidney and brain of the rat. 2 Some pharmacological effects of theophylline on regional blood flow and electrophysiological activity of the nervous system may be caused by inhibition of the endogenous formation of adenosine. PMID- 7236998 TI - A study on the interaction of crotapotin with crotoxin phospholipase A2, notexin and other presynaptic neurotoxins. AB - 1 Crotapotin, the acidic subunit of crotoxin, greatly potentiated the presynaptic effect of isolated basic phospholipase A (PLA) of crotoxin in both mouse diaphragm and chick biventer cervicis muscles whereas the myotoxic effect was not affected significantly.2 In contrast to crotoxin PLA, the presynaptic effects of notexin and notechis-5, self-active single chain toxins, were antagonized by crotapotin while actions of beta-bungarotoxin were not affected.3 By assaying PLA activity, crotoxin PLA was found to be unstable in physiological salt solution, especially when in contact with muscle, due to massive non-specific binding to and destruction by the muscle.4 The decline of crotoxin PLA was greatly reduced by the presence of crotapotin but not by another acidic protein, volvatoxin A(2), or heparin.5 Notechis-5 was found to be stable even when in the presence of muscles.6 [(3)H]-acetylated crotoxin PLA, which retained about 40% of its original enzyme and presynaptic blocking activities, also bound rapidly to the mouse diaphragm on incubation and this binding was greatly hindered by the simultaneous addition of crotapotin.7 The prevention of binding of crotoxin PLA by crotapotin occurred mostly at those sites where the binding was easily dissociable on washing. No antagonism of binding occurred at the firmly binding site.8 The binding of [(3)H]-acetylated crotapotin was much less than that of crotoxin PLA, and interestingly, the binding was increased by the latter, suggesting that crotapotin may be first bound to the diaphragm together with crotoxin PLA.9 No specific binding at the endplate zone was found either for crotoxin PLA or for crotapotin.10 It is concluded that crotapotin potentiates the presynaptic effect of crotoxin PLA by curtailing its non-specific affinity with muscles, minimizing its dispersal and destruction en route to the nerve terminal, but not by acting as an affinity probe for the nerve terminal. PMID- 7237000 TI - Antibiotic-associated colitis: an in vitro investigation of the effects of antibiotics on intestinal motility. AB - 1 Nine antibiotic compounds in common use were studied to determine their ability to affect intestinal motility in vitro, in the guinea-pig ileum and rabbit colon. 2 Ampicillin, doxycycline, mecillinam and metronidazole were without effect over a concentration range which included typical serum levels found when these drugs are used therapeutically. 3 Clindamycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, pivmecillinam and trimethoprim were all found to inhibit evoked and reflex responses of the guinea pig ileum but only clindamycin and trimethoprim also affected evoked responses of the rabbit colon. 4 Kanamycin and gentamicin appeared to have a predominantly pre junctional action, pivmecillinam and trimethoprim a predominantly post-junctional action. Clindamycin had a pre-junctional action at low concentrations and long exposure times, and a post-junctional action at high concentrations and short exposure times. 5 The concentration of each antibiotic required to inhibit the peristaltic reflex of the guinea-pig ileum was less than that required to inhibit its responses to electrical stimulation or exogenous acetylcholine or histamine but greater than the serum levels associated with their respective use in therapeutic doses. 6 A sequence of events whereby antibiotic-induced alterations in gastro-intestinal motility could lead to the development of pseudomembranous colitis is proposed. PMID- 7236999 TI - Convulsant and possible anticholinergic actions of dendrotoxin in the amphibian spinal cord. AB - 1 Dendrotoxin (DTOX)6, 6a and 5,6-1, fractions of the venom isolated from the green mamba (Dendroaspis viridis) promoted both spontaneous and stimulus-coupled rhythmic activity and antagonized the cholinergically mediated ventral root dorsal root potential (VR-DRP) of frog spinal cord. The different time course and reversibility of these two effects indicates that the toxin has two entirely separate sites of action on the frog spinal cord. 2 Since DTOX 6 neither blocked nor enhanced responses of ventral and dorsal roots to glutamate, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), beta-alanine, glycine or aspartate, it is unlikely that its convulsant action resulted from an alteration of the postsynaptic actions of inhibitory or excitatory amino acids. 3 An alteration in the threshold for action potential generation could perhaps contribute to the convulsant action of DTOX 6, although other mechanisms such as blockade of the release of unspecified inhibitory substances cannot be excluded. 4 In addition to the lack of effect on amino acid responses, DTOX failed to block the polysynaptic DR-VRP or DR-DRP pathways, which are mediated at least in part by amino acid neurotransmitters. Although this would be consistent with a specific action of DTOX at the cholinergic synapse of the VR-DRP pathway, this site of action has not yet been demonstrated unequivocally. Other possible mechanisms whereby DTOX could block VR DRP are discussed. PMID- 7237001 TI - Inhibition of arachidonic acid release as the mechanism by which glucocorticoids inhibit endotoxin-induced diarrhoea. AB - 1 Dexamethasone blocked endotoxin-induced diarrhoea in mice, but not that induced by arachidonic acid or prostaglandin E2. 2 Indomethacin blocked endotoxin and arachidonic acid-induced diarrhoea, but not that induced by prostaglandin E2. 3 Codeine blocked all three forms of diarrhoea. 4 The above data, when considered in relation to literature reports that endotoxin induces prostaglandin synthesis, suggest that dexamethasone blocks diarrhoea by preventing the release of arachidonic acid, the substrate for prostaglandin biosynthesis. 5 The activities of indomethacin and dexamethasone in castor oil diarrhoea support the above conclusion and their inactivity in 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced diarrhoea confirms the absence of 'codeine-like' direct effects on the gut. 6 Other glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone, prednisolone) were also able to block endotoxin diarrhoea, but oestradiol, testosterone and progesterone did not. 7 The inhibitory action of dexamethasone on endotoxin diarrhoea could not be blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, nor by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, progesterone. Thus, involvement of glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene activation could not be demonstrated. PMID- 7237002 TI - Spontaneous activity in the trachea of dogs treated with indomethacin: an experimental model for aspirin-related asthma. AB - 1 Electrical and mechanical properties of smooth muscle cells or of neuro effector transmission in the smooth muscle layer of the dog trachea, were studied after treatment with indomethacin, by means of the double sucrose gap, microelectrode or tension recording methods. 2 After several subcutaneous injections of indomethacin (1.0 mg/kg daily), 6 out of 12 dogs were coughing and wheezing. 3 Smooth muscle tissues dissected from the trachea of the coughing dog showed spontaneous electrical and mechanical activities at the frequency of 8-15 per min. These spontaneous electrical and mechanical activities were completely suppressed by treatment with atropine (10(-6) M), isoprenaline (5 X 10(-7) M) or prostaglandin E2 (10(-9) M) but not by tetrodotoxin (1.5 X 10(-6) M). 4 Direct muscle stimulation induced oscillatory potential changes followed by tension development in the trachea of the indomethacin-treated dog. 5 In the indomethacin treated dog, mean membrane potential of the tracheal smooth muscle cells was 52.4 mV, and in the control trachea, the potential was -59.0 mV. 6 In the trachea from control dogs, the amplitude of test e.j.ps after conditioning e.j.ps was always smaller than the conditioning e.j.p., at any time interval between the two stimuli. In the trachea from indomethacin-treated dogs, facilitation phenomena were observed. 7 In the trachea from the indomethacin-treated dog, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or PGE2 (10(-10)-10(-9) M) markedly suppressed the amplitude of the e.j.p. but did not affect the facilitation phenomenon. 8 These results indicate that endogenous prostaglandins play important physiological roles in the feed back inhibitory mechanisms for acetylcholine release from the nerve terminals during the resting and active states. 9 The results are also discussed in relation to the genesis of aspirin-induced asthma in man. PMID- 7237003 TI - Victim emotional response: effects on social reaction to victims of rape. AB - Two studies examined the impact of variations in a rape victim's emotional reactions on others' perceptions of her. The victim was presented as emotionally expressive or emotionally controlled. In one study written descriptions were used, while in the second, videotape presentations were employed. In both studies, the emotionally expressive victim was rated as more credible. In the videotape presentation, additional differences indicated that the emotionally controlled victim is perceived as having less aversion for the rape and was liked less. Results are discussed in terms of observers' expectations concerning rape victim reactions and the social climate after a rape. PMID- 7237004 TI - Sex differences in the aggressive behaviour of schoolchildren. AB - An observational study was carried out to investigate whether sex differences in aggression, found in pre-school children in free-play situations, would also be found at older ages in the classroom. Equal numbers of boys and girls, aged 6 and 11 years, were observed individually in their school classrooms for eight 5 min periods, carried out over several weeks. At 11 years of age, boys showed more physical aggression than girls, a finding which resulted from a few boys showing higher scores than the remaining boys and the girls; girls showed more verbal aggression. These sex differences were not found at 6 years of age. At both ages, there was a higher proportion of same-sex than opposite-sex encounters. These results are discussed in terms of the generality of sex differences in aggression, the possibility of a sex difference in the form of aggressive acts, and the sex of the recipient of aggression. PMID- 7237005 TI - Visual communication and the content and style of conversation. AB - Previous research suggests that visual communication plays a number of important roles in social interaction. In particular, it appears to influence the content of what people say in discussions, the style of their speech, and the outcomes they reach. However, the findings are based exclusively on comparisons between face-to-face conversations and audio conversations, in which subjects sit in separate rooms and speak over a microphone-headphone intercom which precludes visual communication. Interpretation is difficult, because visual communication is confounded with physical presence, which itself makes available certain cues denied to audio subjects. The purpose of this paper is to report two experiments in which the variables were separated and content and style were re-examined. The first made use of blind subjects, and again compared the face-to-face and audio conditions. The second returned to sighted subjects, and examined four experimental conditions: face-to-face; audio; a curtain condition in which subjects sat in the same room but without visual communication; and a video condition in which they sat in separate rooms and communicated over a television link. Neither visual communication nor physical presence proved to be critical variable. Instead, the two sources of cues combined, such that content and style were influenced by the aggregate of available cues. The more cueless the settings, the more task-oriented, depersonalized and unspontaneous the conversation. The findings also suggested that the primary effect of cuelessness is to influence verbal content, and that its influence on both style and outcome occurs indirectly, through the mediation of content. PMID- 7237006 TI - Conversion to SI units in radiology. PMID- 7237007 TI - How much do you know about quantities and units? PMID- 7237008 TI - Age-related brain atrophy and mental deterioration--a study with computed tomography. AB - The relation of brain atrophy measured with computed tomography (CT) to mental deterioration on living people was studied. A newly improved technique for quantitative measurement of brain atrophy was developed. The pixels inside the head slices were divided into three parts; brain skull, and cerebrospinal fluid according to their CT number. The volume of brain, CSF, and cranial cavity were calculated by counting the number of pixels of each tissue. Results from 130 normal brains showed that the CSF volume was constant at about 16 ml through 20- 39 years old. After 40 years the mean CSF volume increased drastically and reached 71 ml in the seventies. The volume of the brain was standardized for comparison between different-sized heads (brain volume index: BVI). The mean BVI decreased with statistical significance after 40 years of age. Mental function of these persons were evaluated using Hasegawa's dementia rating scale for the elderly. Progression of brain atrophy accompanied loss of mental activities (p less than 0.01). PMID- 7237009 TI - Resolution of multiple hepatic abscesses following percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. AB - In two patients, multiple hepatic abscesses secondary to obstructive cholangitis have resolved following the insertion of drains into the biliary tree by the percutaneous transhepatic route, under local anaesthesia. In the first case, the acute situation was relieved, allowing definitive management by an elective procedure rather than as an emergency. Useful short-term palliation was provided in the second case. Percutaneous transhepatic drainage is a safe and effective alternative to emergency surgery in selected cases. PMID- 7237010 TI - Ultrasound guided percutaneous abdominal abscess drainage. AB - Traditional management of abdominal abscess is according to classical surgical methods. Catheter or needle drainage of these abscesses, using ultrasound both as an imaging modality and as a monitor of technique, offers a safe and rapid method of drainage of all types of abdominal abscess and eliminates surgery in many patients. Eleven abdominal and retroperitoneal abscesses were satisfactorily drained under ultrasound control in ten patients. No abscess recurred, but in three patients subsequent surgery was performed, in one because the abscess was multiloculated, and in the other two to exclude underlying malignancy. PMID- 7237011 TI - Modification of gallium-67 citrate distribution in man following the administration of iron. AB - Current imaging techniques with 67Ga citrate for the localization of malignant or inflammatory lesions have a number of major limitations. In an effort to improve the lesion-to-background ratio and to reduce the time between 67Ga citrate injection and performing the scan, the 67Ga citrate injection is now routinely preceded by injection of iron-sorbitol citric acid (Jectofer). A series of 147 patients has been studied and shows that (a) the diagnosis can be made at 24 h in 80% of the cases, and (b) when 24 h and 48 h images are read together, diagnosis is at least as accurate as by the standard method, which requires a 72 h interval between injection and scanning. The major differences in appearance are lower activity in the soft-tissue background, relative absence of colonic activity at 24 h and visualization of the bladder in about 40% of cases. We believe that by saturating the free transferrin with iron, uptake into soft tissues and bone is sufficiently modified to enhance the lesion-to-background ratio, thereby making earlier imaging and diagnosis possible. PMID- 7237012 TI - Synthetic porphyrins as tumour-localizing agents. AB - A series of radioactively labelled porphyrin analogues have been synthesized and compared for tissue distribution and tumour uptake against 67Ga in the same tumour-mouse system. The compounds were: 14C-ms-tetraphenylporphine sulphonate (14C-TPPS), 35S-ms-tetraphenylporphine sulphonate (TPP35S), 35S-ms-tetra[beta naphthyl]porphine sulphonate (TNP35S), 14C-ms-thienylphenylporphine sulphonate (14C-TTPPS) and 35S-ms-tetra[p-tolyl]porphine sulphonate (TTP35S). 14C-TPPS and TNP35S appear to concentrate in tumours to a greater extent than 67Ga (ratios of tumour uptake for TPPS/67Ga and TNPS/67Ga were about two and three respectively) but their uptake in kidneys and lungs was also greater than that of gallium. The type of side group attached to the central tetrapyrrole ring appears to have a substantial effect on the tumour-localizing properties of these compounds. Comparison of 14C and 35S-labeled TPPS indicates that the sulphonate groups are split off in vivo and that compounds with highly aromatic side groups (e.g. TNPS) and a radioactive label in a non-labile part of the molecule (e.g. in the tetrapyrrole ring system itself) would show even better tumour localization. The feasibility of synthesizing porphyrins with a variety of reactive side groups suggests that it may be possible to introduce suitable gamma-emitters while retaining the tumour-localizing properties. PMID- 7237014 TI - Therapeutic embolization of phaeochromocytoma. PMID- 7237013 TI - Myelographic study of the obstructed spinal theca with water-soluble contrast medium. PMID- 7237015 TI - Arteriography of Castleman tumour of the mesentery. PMID- 7237016 TI - The anomalous inferior vena cava--another structure between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. PMID- 7237017 TI - Post-biopsy haematuria successfully treated by selective transcatheter epinephrine injection. PMID- 7237018 TI - Occult pneumothorax. PMID- 7237019 TI - A comparison between two hysterosalpingographic contrast media--Urografin 370 and Isteropac. PMID- 7237020 TI - The use of diagnostic ultrasound to measure the lumbar spinal canal. PMID- 7237021 TI - Proceedings of the British Institute of Radiology, Dosimetry and risks to patients in radiopharmaceutical investigations. Abstracts. PMID- 7237022 TI - The detection of spinal pseudarthrosis in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Spinal pseudarthrosis in ankylosing spondylitis can be difficult to detect radiologically. This paper assesses the value of bone radioscintigraphy in relation to radiological examination. The patterns of tracer uptake in the spine were recorded in 16 patients in whom established ankylosing spondylitis was complicated by pseudarthrosis. Twenty such lesions were identified in 16 patients, mostly occurring at one level in a junctional region of the spine. Four patients had two lesions. Standard radiography failed to demonstrate this abnormality in seven patients and in these, tomography was required to confirm the scintigraphic findings. On the other hand, bone scanning was much less accurate in detecting the minor forms of marginal vertebral end plate destruction (spondylo-discitis) than conventional radiology. This study suggests that 99TcmMDP scanning is a useful primary investigation for the detection of spinal pseudarthrosis in patients with chronic ankylosing spondylitis who suffer late onset back pain. PMID- 7237023 TI - Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis. AB - A case of juvenile hyaline fibromatosis in a ten-year-old Asian girl is presented. This autosomal recessively inherited condition has not previously been described in the radiological literature. This patient demonstrates well the characteristic radiological appearance. The literature of juvenile hyaline fibromatosis and of the other generalized fibromatoses is reviewed and the interrelationship is discussed. PMID- 7237024 TI - Renal function after high dose urography in patients with renal failure. AB - A retrospective study of 40 patients with moderate to severe renal failure who had high dose urography showed that none developed oliguric acute renal failure after the urogram. In 37 patients there was no worsening in renal function attributable to the urogram. This group included five patients in whom renal function was already deteriorating at the time of the urogram. In three patients a transient rise in serum creatinine without oliguria occurred in the week following urography. Differences between the British and North American experience are discussed. PMID- 7237026 TI - Changes in sizes and distensibility of the aging kidney. AB - Age-related changes in kidney size and distensibility were examined in 103 patients aged 18 to 89 years without evidence of renal disease or hypertension. Kidney dimensions were measured on radiographs obtained 30 s and 5 min after intravenous injection of contrast agent. Kidney distension was calculated by expressing the difference in area between 30 s and 5 min films as a percentage of the area at 30 s. Distension was not significantly correlated with age but wide variation between individuals may limit the value of measurement of this change in size as a diagnostic test. After middle age, kidney length diminished by approximately 0.5 cm per decade. This reduction implies a loss of kidney weight about double that recorded at necropsy. Post-mortem evidence probably underestimates differences between age groups and age-related diminution in kidney size may be greater than post-mortem evidence suggests. PMID- 7237025 TI - The effect of DDAVP on intravenous urography. AB - The possible role of an antidiuretic hormone analogue, DDAVP (1 deamino-8-D arginine vasopressin), in intravenous urography has been studied. The minimum effective dose of intravenous DDAVP in normal hydrated subjects was shown to be 2 ng/kg. During intravenous urography in fluid restricted subjects, a dose of 1 microgram DDAVP was necessary to reduce significantly the urine flow rate after contrast medium injection. Although the mean pyelographic score after DDAVP was increased, the differences observed were not statistically significant. The possible reasons for this finding are discussed. PMID- 7237027 TI - Severe complications from partial splenic embolization in patients with liver failure. AB - Transcatheter embolization of the spleen is gaining popularity as a non-surgical method of treatment for hypersplenism. While early reports documented frequent serious complications, a more recent study noted good results using a fractionated approach with only partial embolization of the periphery of the spleen. This technique was recently used on three patients with hypersplenism associated with severe liver disease. All had grave complications, including sepsis, pneumonia, abscess formation, and progressive liver failure, and all died within six weeks of the angiographic procedure in spite of good haematological responses. Since it is frequently this category of patient in whom the procedure is attempted, definitive surgical splenectomy is suggested following the embolization as soon as the clotting parameters return to normal. PMID- 7237028 TI - The herniographic appearance of direct inguinal hernias in adults. AB - Inguinal hernias can be demonstrated by positive contrast herniography in children and adults. In this latter age-group direct inguinal hernias are frequent and can appear with different location and shape. In this series of 39 inguinal hernias in 25 adults five different types could be distinguished, according to location. Lateral direct inguinal hernias were found protruding in an anterior direction from the medial inguinal fossa. Inguinofemoral hernias protruded in a mainly inferior direction from the medial inguinal fossa. Medial direct inguinal hernias protruded from the lateral region of the supravesical fossa just medial to the medial inguinal fold. Diverticular direct inguinal hernias were located in the medial aspect of the supravesical fossa. Supravesical inguinal hernias were located in the mid-line. The distinction between these direct hernias and their relation to and distinction from other hernias in the inguinal region is discussed. PMID- 7237030 TI - The effect of dexamethasone on the radiation survival response and misonidazole induced hypoxic-cell cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster cells V-79-753B in vitro. AB - Overnight exposure of Chinese hamster cells, V-79-753B, to microgram quantities of the synthetic corticosteroid, dexamethasone, resulted in a decrease in sensitivity towards radiation, both in air and in hypoxia. The effect was dose modifying and the oxygen enhancement ratio did not change appreciably. Similarly, when dexamethasone-treated hypoxic cells were irradiated in the presence of misonidazole, a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, there was a decrease in radiation sensitivity compared with untreated hypoxic cells irradiated with misonidazole. The effect of dexamethasone cannot be attributed to classical radioprotection since administration of the drug immediately or 4.5 h before irradiation does not alter the survival response of hypoxic cells with or without misonidazole. Neither can this increased radioresistance be attributed to synchronization to a more resistant phase of the cell cycle since pretreated cells remain more radioresistant for at least 6 h after the removal of the drug. The data suggest that dexamethasone induces metabolic changes in cells which alter their radiosensitivity. Whatever metabolic changes may be occurring there was no effect on the uptake of 14C-misonidazole into dexamethasone-treated or control cells. However, there was a pronounced decrease in hypoxic-cell cytotoxicity induced by misonidazole in cells pretreated with dexamethasone. The implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 7237031 TI - A communication system for the transmission of nuclear medicine images over standard telephone lines. PMID- 7237029 TI - Mean skeletal dose factors for beta-particle emitters in human bone. Part II: surface-seeking radionuclides. AB - Mean skeletal dose factors for surface-seeking beta-emitting radionuclides have been derived on the basis of the beta-particle dose factors calculated for human bones by Spiers et al. (1978b), or from empirical formulae representing these calculations given by Beddoe and Spiers (1979). The dose factors are derived for the same tissues as in Part I (Spiers et al., 1978a), namely, (1), sDM/Dskel, the mean dose to haemopoietic marrow in trabecular bone, and (2), sDs/Dskel, the mean dose to endosteal tissues lying in a zone 0-10 microns from trabecular surfaces. The dose factors are given as fractions of Dskel, the "dose to bone", calculated from the energy released by the retained radionuclide divided by the total mass of mineral bone. As in Part I, the dose factors are given for three ages, 1.7, 9 and 44 years and extrapolation to lower ages is made on the basis of calculations for a lumbar vertebra of an infant aged 3.5 weeks. The factors are given for six radionuclides covering a range of mean beta-particle energies from 0.0255 MeV (171Tm) to 0.93 MeV (90Y). The dosimetry is also considered for some radionuclides that first deposit on bone surfaces before being translocated to the bone volume. In the case of 45Ca, for example, it is shown that the dose calculation that includes both the surface and the volume depositions gives integrated doses to ten days and 100 days that are respectively 4.5 and 1.9 times the corresponding values calculated conventionally on a volume deposition only. Endosteal dose factors are similarly considered, and other radionuclides included as surface-plus-volume depositions are 47Ca, 89Sr and 90Sr + 90Y. PMID- 7237032 TI - Histoplasma duboisii infection of bone. PMID- 7237033 TI - Retropharyngeal bleeding in haemophilia. PMID- 7237034 TI - Renal opacification during intravenous urography in acute cortical necrosis (the nephrogram in cortical necrosis). PMID- 7237035 TI - Caroli's disease: its diagnosis with non-invasive methods. PMID- 7237036 TI - Potentiation of the radiation response of hypoxic mammalian cells by cis dichlorobis(isopropylamine)trans-dihydroxy platinum IV (CHIP). PMID- 7237037 TI - Long-term observation of mouse foot reaction after hyperthermia: hyperthermia may or may not be carcinogenic? PMID- 7237038 TI - Excretion of metrizamide in milk. PMID- 7237039 TI - Proceedings of the British Medical Ultrasound Society. Abstracts. PMID- 7237040 TI - Sequestration of ureteric segments in dogs. AB - In 2 separate series of dogs a segment of ureter was isolated from both bladder and kidney and left in situ with an intact blood supply. Tense cysts formed in these sequestered segments regardless of whether the ends were occluded or the segments were split longitudinally and left open. The formation of these cysts can be prevented by the removal of the urothelium. The cyst contents were found consistently to have a sodium concentration below that of the simultaneously obtained serum concentration and urea concentration higher than the simultaneously obtained serum urea. Osmolalities and protein levels within the cysts were virtually identical to the serum levels. PMID- 7237041 TI - The role of N-nitrosamine in carcinogenesis at the ureterocolic anastomosis. AB - Seven cases of colonic tumours occurring at the ureterocolic anastomosis (UCA) in patients diverted for benign disease are presented and comparisons made with existing literature. There appears to be a definite increase in the incidence of colonic malignancy in patients with this diversion. A theory of carcinogenesis involving bacterial activation of endogenously formed N-nitrosamine is suggested. Preliminary results of rectal urine analysis support this theory in that high concentrations of N-nitrosamine have been found mutagens demonstrated. PMID- 7237042 TI - Bladder exstrophy. Primary reconstruction with human dura mater. AB - A new surgical technique for primary reconstruction of bladder exstrophy is described. Human cranial dura mater is used as an alloplastic free graft to replace the missing anterior bladder wall. The technique has been successfully applied to 8 patients and the early achievement of good bladder capacity seems to improve urinary continence. PMID- 7237044 TI - Different cystometric types of deficient micturition reflex control in female urinary incontinence with special reference to the effect of parasympatholytic treatment. AB - The effect of 4 weeks' treatment with emepronium bromide in 20 incontinent female patients with detrusor hyperreflexia was compared to the effect in 20 patients who did not have uninhibited detrusor contractions during filling cystometry but who were unable to suppress a voluntarily induced detrusor contraction. In both groups, 65% benefited from the drug and no statistically significant differences were seen in the decrease in frequency of voiding and incontinence episodes during treatment. There were no differences between the groups for age, type and degree of urinary incontinence, and radiological findings of bladder suspension defects. In these patients it is important to perform cystometry, including detrusor reflex activation procedures and the testing of their ability to suppress a voluntarily induced detrusor contraction. PMID- 7237046 TI - The safety of transrectal biopsy of the prostate as an out-patient investigation. AB - The complications following transrectal prostatic biopsy are reviewed in 150 patients. The most frequent complications were urinary infection and pyrexia. A prospective study within the reported series demonstrated a high incidence of bacteriaemia following biopsy. The results suggest that transrectal prostatic biopsy may be performed safely as an out-patient procedure without the use of prophylactic antibiotics, although antibiotic therapy may be indicated when complications do arise. PMID- 7237043 TI - Biofeedback treatment of intermittent urinary retention. AB - The treatment of a 29-year-old woman with intermittent urinary retention using biofeedback is described and discussed in the context of the pathophysiology of reflux urethral instability and related disorders of micturition. During attempts to train the patient to raise the pitch of an auditory biofeedback signal, which varied directly with intrinsic bladder pressure, evidence appeared for the involvement of sensory neuronal pathways in the disorder. This and other evidence are incorporated within an explanatory hypothesis. PMID- 7237045 TI - Elastin and collagen in the normal and obstructed urinary bladder. AB - Histological and chemical studies were carried out on the elastin and collagen content of the normal and the obstructed urinary bladder wall. The observations were made on 3 different age groups: (1) 3-month-old children with vesical outlet obstruction, (2) children aged between 4 and 8 years with partial vesical obstruction, and (3) adults with a chronically obstructed bladder. An increase in elastic tissue was shown only in the newborn and in the adults. The collagen did not vary in any of the cases studied. The elastin showed an increase in polar amino acids in the pathological organs compared with the normal. A similar increase in elastin was observed in normal individuals as a result of the ageing process. PMID- 7237047 TI - Leukaemic infiltration of the prostate. AB - A biopsy of the prostate should be done in lymphoma/leukaemic patients suffering from urinary obstruction. Patients with a lymphomatous infiltration of the prostate should be irradiated and not subjected to surgery. Two such cases successfully irradiated are described and the present literature is reviewed. PMID- 7237048 TI - Flutamide in the treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. AB - Twenty-five patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate were treated with Flutamide, a non-steroidal anti-androgen. All patients showed progression; the longest response was 120 weeks. The side effects were nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness and gynaecomastia. PMID- 7237049 TI - Osteitis pubis: treatment by heparinisation. AB - Three cases of osteitis pubis following prostatectomy, herniorrhaphy and combined prostatectomy and herniorrhaphy are presented. Each case was successfully treated by intravenous heparin after other treatments had failed. PMID- 7237051 TI - The histopathology of the epididymis in a group of cases of azoospermia with normal testicular function. AB - The histopathology of the head of the epididymis in cases of azoospermia associated with normal testicular function is described. In 2 specimens congenital absence of the vas deferens was associated with stuffing of all of the tubules with normal spermatozoa but no other abnormality. In 30 specimens from cases with idiopathic epididymal obstruction there were abnormalities in the vasa efferentia. These included both extreme narrowing of the lumen due to thickening of the wall by fibrosis and also distension of the lumen by sperm and degenerate debris. Small sperm granulomata were present in the tubular wall in 10 specimens and foreign body granulomata were present in 20 specimens. It is suggested that either persistent low grade infection, congenital abnormality or acute obstruction due to ischaemic or traumatic damage may be the initial lesion. If the infection or the obstruction is not speedily resolved, the condition may become self-perpetuating. PMID- 7237052 TI - Evaluation of computed tomography in the management of testicular teratoma. AB - An analysis has been made of data obtained by computed tomography (CT) scanning in 100 patients with testicular teratoma. The results have been compared with information obtained by conventional staging procedures and changes in patient management occurring as a direct result of CT have been noted. Although these tumours are rare, their pattern of metastasis to the retroperitoneum, mediastinum, lungs and liver is consistent. Thus the value of CT scanning can be tested in all of these sites in each patient and the indications for scanning clearly defined. PMID- 7237050 TI - Characteristics of the urethral pressure profile in flaccid male paraplegics. AB - Several aspects of urethral function were studied in an attempt to identify the factors causing urinary retention in the flaccid paraplegic patient. The urethral pressure was much higher in all patients at the external sphincter than at the bladder neck. In patients studied sequentially, even from very early following injury, there was little variation in the maximum urethral closure pressure. Radiological studies showed the point of maximal resistance to be distal to the verumontanum. The urethral pressure at this point was largely abolished by phentolamine infusion. There was no variation in the activity of this region with bladder filling or postural change. It is concluded that in flaccid male paraplegics the major component of urethral resistance is constant, adrenergically innervated muscular resistance in the external sphincter region. PMID- 7237053 TI - Absence of both seminal vesicles associated with hypospermatogenesis. PMID- 7237056 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the spermatic cord. PMID- 7237055 TI - Appendicovesicocolic fistula. PMID- 7237054 TI - Carcinoma of the kidney as a cause of spontaneous peripelvic extravasation. PMID- 7237057 TI - A mechanical drip-stand for use in endoscopic surgery. PMID- 7237058 TI - Ultrasound guided suprapubic puncture--a new, simple way of releasing a blocked Foley balloon. PMID- 7237059 TI - Bloodless lower pole surgery without vascular clamping. PMID- 7237060 TI - Intermittent self-catheterisation: a new instrument. PMID- 7237061 TI - A technique for hemiacidrin dissolution of renal stone complicating an ileal conduit. AB - A technique for dissolving a renal stone complicating an ileal conduit is described. Free ureteric reflux was present, which allowed retrograde irrigation of the stone by infusion of hemiacidrin solution into the ileal conduit. With careful attention to urine infection and the pressure within the system, this technique might be applicable to other patients in whom free ureteric reflux is present and pyelolithotomy, percutaneous nephrostomy or the passage of ureteric catheters is difficult. PMID- 7237062 TI - British experience with duodenoscopic sphincterotomy for removal of bile duct stones. AB - Duodenoscopic sphincterotomy is rapidly becoming popular in Britain. Representatives of 14 British centres met in January 1980 to discuss progress and problems with the technique. This report summarizes current experience, with particular reference to hazards. Duodenoscopic sphincterotomy is mainly being used in patients who have previously undergone cholecystectomy and who no longer have a T tube drain in place. Sphincterotomy was achieved in 87 per cent of 679 patients attempted, and the common duct was cleared of stones in 87 per cent of these. Immediate complications followed in 8.5 per cent; 1.6 per cent required urgent surgery and 7 patients (1 per cent) died. Centres with the greatest experience had better results and fewer complications. Those performing duodenoscopic sphincterotomy believe it to be a major advance in the management of high risk patients with common duct stones, after cholecystectomy. Its use remains controversial in high risk patients who still have gallbladders and in low risk patients after cholecystectomy; long term follow-up studies are essential. PMID- 7237063 TI - Endoscopic sphincterotomy: indications and results. AB - Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) is a simple, effective and remarkably safe method of treatment of choledocholithiasis and papillary stenosis. In this series, ES was technically successful in 255 (86.1 per cent) of 296 patients in whom it was attempted. Forty-nine of the successful cases had papillary stenosis complicated by pain, cholangitis and/or jaundice in patients after cholecystectomy; 205 had choledocholithiasis, of whom 164 had a cholecystectomy and 41 were poor surgical risks and did not have cholecystectomy. One patient had a tumour of the ampulla of Vater. ES has been performed as an emergency in 16 subjects because of severe septic cholangitis in 11 and acute biliary pancreatitis in 5. Of the 205 patients with choledocholithiasis, spontaneous passage of calculi after ES occurred in 151 cases (73.6 per cent), and instrumental extraction of stones was possible in 44 (21.5 per cent); 10 patients (4.9 per cent) had residual stones and required surgery. In this series the overall success rate of ES in removing common bile duct stones was 82 per cent in 238 cases; in the patients with benign papillary stenosis ES was successful in relieving symptoms and biochemical cholestasis in 72 per cent of 57 cases. Complications occurred in 18 cases (7 per cent): cholangitis in 4 (1.6 per cent) and haemorrhage in 14 (5.4 per cent). Two patients (0.8 per cent) with acute bleeding following ES died; in one of these surgery had been performed to arrest the haemorrhage, but the patient died 3 days after operation of hepatorenal failure. The other complications were treated conservatively without mortality. PMID- 7237064 TI - Recurrence of pancreatic ascites due to a second leak demonstrated radiologically. PMID- 7237065 TI - Acute pancreatitis associated with campylobacter infection. AB - We report a case of acute pancreatitis associated with campylobacter infection. The patient presented with clinical symptoms and signs which suggested acute appendicitis. However, she was found to have acute pancreatitis with an acute campylobacter infection. Recent reports have shown that campylobacter is pathogenic in the biliary tract, and we suggest that it may also be responsible for some cases of acute pancreatitis in the absence of biliary disease. PMID- 7237066 TI - The clinical significance of heterotopic pancreas in the gastrointestinal tract. AB - A series of 34 histologically verified cases of pancreatic heterotopia in the records of the Department of Pathology at the University of Edinburgh between 1959 and 1979 has been analysed in order to determine the clinical significance of this unusual condition. In 13 patients (38 per cent) the heterotopic pancreatic tissue was symptomatic (i.e. the symptoms regressed completely on its removal). A correlation has been established between the presence of symptoms, the size of the lesion and the extent of mucosal involvement. Clinically significant lesions are greater than 1.5 cm in maximum diameter and are adjacent to or directly involve the mucosa. PMID- 7237067 TI - The measurement of gastric emptying: a comparison of fixed scintillation detection and the double-sampling technique. AB - The gastric emptying of a fluid meal was measured simultaneously by fixed scintillation detection and the double-sampling technique in 14 normal subjects and 15 patients who had a vagotomy and drainage procedure. In the normal subjects good correlation was obtained between the two methods but in the operated group there was poor correlation owing to difficulty in measuring the initial rapid emptying phase by fixed scintillation detection. Modification of the fixed scintillation method allows it to be used accurately in postoperative patients. The radioactivity of the meal is measured in vitro before ingestion and this reading is converted, using a constant derived from normal subjects, to a baseline value to which the subsequent in vivo readings are related. This modified technique permits the investigation of gastric emptying of fluid meals in patients with postvagotomy syndromes without the discomfort of a nasogastric tube. The equipment required is inexpensive. PMID- 7237068 TI - Circulating immune complexes in patients with benign and malignant colorectal tumours. AB - Circulating immune complexes were measured using a modified Clq binding assay in 100 preoperative patients with colorectal cancer and in 52 patients with benign polyps. Sixty-one per cent of the patients with cancer and 49 per cent of the patients with benign polyps had elevated levels, as did 92 per cent of those with malignant polyps. There was no relation to a, the stage of the disease, with 10 out of 13 Dukes' A tumours (77 per cent) having increased levels; b, the degree of differentiation of the cancers; c, the tumour mass. However, cancers on the right side of the colon had significantly higher levels than rectal cancers. PMID- 7237069 TI - Conservative parotidectomy by the peripheral approach. AB - A series of 30 consecutive conservative parotidectomies is reported with a detailed assessment of the extent and duration of facial nerve damage. There was one case of severe temporary facial nerve paralysis but no cases of permanent palsy. All operations were performed using the peripheral approach to the facial nerve and the technique employed is described. PMID- 7237071 TI - Segmental mega-ileum presenting as anaemia. AB - Three cases are described of an unusual malformation of the ileum at the site of the vitelline duct, which presented with chronic anaemia. In each case localized mega-ileum was associated with a simple, non-specific ulcer leading to chronic blood loss. Two cases were at the site of and associated with a Meckel's diverticulum, while the third case was at the same level and associated with a vascular abnormality probably of vitelline artery origin. Ths syndrome of adult segmental ileal dilatation associated with non-specific ulcer and chronic anaemia does not appear to have been described previously. PMID- 7237070 TI - The management of colonoscopic and sigmoidoscopic perforation of the large bowel. AB - The treatment of 8 patients who sustained endoscopic perforation of the large bowel at this hospital in the past 5 years is described. Two had signs of general peritonitis and were operated on. One had a laparotomy under the same general anaesthetic as that during which perforation occurred. Of the remainder, 4 were treated conservatively, while no perforation was found at operation in the other case. All recovered. We conclude that when signs of general peritonism are absent and the patient's condition is good, expectant management with nasogastric suction, intravenous fluids and broad spectrum antibiotics should be adopted. Free gas on X-ray is not per se an indication for laparotomy. A defunctioning colostomy is often unnecessary in those patients treated operatively. PMID- 7237072 TI - Anaerobic paronychia. AB - During 1 year 116 patients with paronychia had bacteriological cultures of the pus. Aerobic bacteria, predominantly Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 81. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 35, and in 31 of these aerobes were also present. Anaerobic paronychias were less acute that those caused by aerobes but otherwise the clinical features and management were the same. The anaerobes isolated were those found as oro-pharyngeal commensals and did not include the colonic commensal Bacteroides fragilis. They were, with few exceptions, sensitive to penicillin. PMID- 7237073 TI - Correlation of Doppler-derived high thigh pressure and intra-arterial pressure in the assessment of aorto-iliac occlusive disease. AB - Ninety-five lower extremities in 53 patients underwent iliofemoral arteriography, high thigh wide cuff Doppler pressure measurements and direct intra-arterial pressure measurements at the common femoral level to determine the accuracy of the high thigh Doppler technique in the evaluation of aorto-iliac occlusive disease using the intra-arterial pressure as the standard. Results showed the high thigh cuff Doppler technique to be 79 per cent sensitive, 56 per cent specific and 63 per cent accurate in the evaluation of haemodynamically significant aorto-iliac disease. There was a false negative rate of 13 per cent, but a false positive rate of 59 per cent. All false positive tests were shown to be secondary to superficial femoral artery disease. These results indicate that a normal high thigh wide cuff Doppler pressure is generally reliable in ruling out haemodynamically significant aorto-iliac, occlusive disease at rest. An abnormal result, however, does not differentiate between aorto-iliac and superficial femoral artery disease. PMID- 7237075 TI - Treatment with intravenous triiodothyronine of colonic pseudo-obstruction caused by myxoedema. PMID- 7237074 TI - Diagnosis, treatment and operative complications of carotid body tumours. AB - A series of 42 patients who were treated in the Surgical Clinic of the University of Leyden on suspicion of a carotid body tumour between 1958 and 1979 is reported. Thirty-four patients in this series were operated upon in the University Hospital Leyden. Only 6 per cent of the tumours were malignant according to the criteria of nuclear polymorphia and metastases. Local infiltration, either histological or clinical, has no correlation with later outcome. In 11 per cent of the patients, vascular complications occurred. The necessity of operative damage to the surrounding cranial nerves increased with the size of the tumour. In one case the cranial nerve lesion was accidental. No per- or postoperative mortality was seen in this series. PMID- 7237076 TI - Ureteric metastases from bilateral adenocarcinomas of the kidney. PMID- 7237077 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of malrotation volvulus and intussusception in an infant. PMID- 7237078 TI - Factitious diarrhoea from a Kock continent ileostomy--a cautionary tale. PMID- 7237079 TI - An aneurysm of the superior gluteal artery presenting as buttock pain 6 months after a missed fracture of the acetabulum. PMID- 7237080 TI - Falling incidence of appendicitis. PMID- 7237081 TI - Gas gangrene in intestinal angina. PMID- 7237083 TI - Endometritis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis was found to be the aetiological agent of endometritis in three women with concomitant signs of salpingitis. All patients developed a significant antibody response to the organism. Chlamydia were recovered from aspirated uterine contents of two patients and darkfield examination of histological sections showed chlamydial inclusions in endometrial cells in one patient. Thus, C trachomatis can be recovered from the endometrium of patients in whom the cervical culture result is negative. In one patient curettage showed endometritis with a characteristic plasma-cell infiltration. The occurrence of chlamydial endometritis may explain why irregular bleeding is a common finding in patients with salpingitis. It also suggests a canalicular spread of chlamydia from the cervix to the Fallopian tubes. PMID- 7237082 TI - Oral contraceptive use and prevalence of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in women. AB - One thousand eight non-pregnant women aged 16-34 years, presenting for the first time at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases (STD), were examined and screened for infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Candida species. The respective prevalence rates were 21.1%, 20.7%, 13.4%, and 27.8%. Isolation rates for C trachomatis, either occurring alone or in association with other genital infections, were significantly greater in women using oral contraceptive agents. This was not because oral contraceptive users were more promiscuous. The findings strengthen the case for providing a routine chlamydial culture service for women attending STD clinics. They also indicate that the likelihood of chlamydial infection in women taking oral contraceptives is increased. PMID- 7237084 TI - Prevalence of syphilis and hepatitis B among homosexual men in two saunas in Amsterdam. AB - In a pilot study by field-screening in two different sauna baths, a day-sauna and a night-sauna, 318 homosexual men were investigated for syphilis and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its antibody (anti-HBs). Of the 134 visitors to the day-sauna 35.1% were seroreactive for syphilis, four (3%) carried HBsAg, and 95 (70.9%) anti-HBs. Of the 184 visitors to the night-sauna 33.2% were seroreactive for syphilis, 16 (8.7%), carried HBsAg, and 97 (52.7%) anti-HBs. The correlation between seroreactivity for syphilis and the presence of HBsAg amd anti-HBs was statistically significant. PMID- 7237086 TI - Thayer-Martin medium and modified New York City medium for the cultural diagnosis of gonorrhoea. PMID- 7237085 TI - Treatment of vaginal candidosis with econazole nitrate and nystatin. A comparative study. AB - A study carried out to compare the efficacy of econazole nitrate and nystatin in the treatment of vaginal candidosis showed that a three-day course of econazole nitrate pessaries was as effective as a 14-day course of nystatin pessaries and is more acceptable to patients. PMID- 7237087 TI - Subclinical pneumonia in infants due to Chlamydia trachomatis. PMID- 7237089 TI - A re-assessment of the technique of rectal palpation of corpora lutea in cows. PMID- 7237088 TI - Measurement of progesterone levels in whole and fore-milk from dairy cows. PMID- 7237092 TI - Neonatal survival. PMID- 7237090 TI - Mortality in groups of purchased Friesian-cross calves. PMID- 7237091 TI - Maxillary first molar intra-oral development and its relationship to age in Hereford bulls. PMID- 7237093 TI - Relationship between pH, plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations in the calf at birth. PMID- 7237094 TI - Sheep, shows and statistics. PMID- 7237095 TI - Helweg's triangular tract in man. PMID- 7237096 TI - On the pattern of changes in the rat nervous system produced by 2,5 hexanediol. A topographical study by light microscopy. PMID- 7237099 TI - Laryngeal abductor paralysis in multiple system atrophy. A report on three necropsied cases, with observations on the laryngeal muscles and the nuclei ambigui. AB - Clinical and pathological findings are reported in three cases of Shy-Drager syndrome with laryngeal stridor severe enough to require tracheostomy. Indirect laryngoscopy in all three cases revealed a failure to abduct the vocal cords properly with a resulting narrowing of the glottic airway. Histological studies showed a marked atrophy of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles and little atrophy of the other laryngeal muscles. The posterior crico-arytenoid muscles have the sole responsibility of abducting the vocal cords, so it is concluded that the patient's stridor was caused by the selective paralysis of these muscles. Histological studies of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles were suggestive of denervation but despite this finding, no clear evidence of any motor cell loss in the nuclei ambigui was obtained. Other possible causes of the selective posterior crico-arytenoid atrophy are discussed. PMID- 7237100 TI - Visual evoked potentials elicited by pattern reversal during provoked visual impairment in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7237097 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow during development and ageing of the rat brain. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the conscious Fischer-344 rat was measured in 14 brain regions at 5 different ages. rCBF increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in most anterior brain regions between 1 and 3 months of age, but not in phylogenetically more primitive regions from the mid- and hindbrain that may have matured prior to 1 month of age. rCBF tended to increase or remain constant between 3 and 12 months, and rose significantly in the frontal lobe. Between 12 and 24 months of age, rCBF declined by an average of 17 per cent and fell significantly in 5 brain regions, mainly from the posterior brain, and in some, possibly in relation to partial functional deafferentation. There were no statistically significant changes in rCBF between 24 and 34 months of age. rCBF and local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) do not follow identical time courses during development and maturation of the rat brain. A fall in LCGU between 3 and 12 months of age, when rCBF remains constant or tends to rise, may reflect increased sensitivity of the cerebrovascular bed to metabolic factors which regulate cerebral blood flow. PMID- 7237098 TI - Contrast sensitivity, visual acuity and the discrimination of Snellen letters in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7237101 TI - Principles of organization of a cerebro-cerebellar circuit. Micromapping the projections from cerebral (SI) to cerebellar (granule cell layer) tactile areas of rats. AB - We defined spatial patterns of organization of projections from somatosensory cerebral cortex (SI) to the somatosensory cerebellar cortex of anesthetized albino rats using microelectrode (stimulation and recording) micromapping methods and low-threshold cutaneous (tactile) stimulation. Two sampling strategies were used: (1) a single cerebral SI locus in layers V-VI was stimulated electrically, while a responding region of the cerebellar granule cell (GC) layer was systematically mapped with a recording electrode; (2) the SI stimulating electrode was used as the mapping electrode while the cerebellar GC electrode remain fixed. We found highly specific patterns of connections between somatotopically organized SI cortex and the somatotopically fractured tactile cerebellar cortex. Using threshold stimulating currents in SI, the projections from small populations of neural elements were found to be highly restricted, terminating within the confines of only those tactile cerebellar hemispheric locations having the same receptive fields (RFs). These SI-GC projections conform to the patchy mosaic pattern of organization previously shown for peripheral tactile projections. SI projections to GC patches were either contralateral or ipsilateral, depending on the laterality of the peripheral projections to that patch. Each SI focus projected to only a portion of a patch; projections from several adjacent SI loci overlapped serially within a patch. As with the peripherally evoked GC layer responses, SI-evoked GC responses were organized in a columnar fashion and were maximal at middle levels of the GC layer; SI-GC latencies were 5-8 ms. These data reveal that this tactile-related cerebro cerebellar circuit exhibits precisely organized patterns of projection. PMID- 7237102 TI - Projections of color coding retinal neurons in urodele amphibians. AB - Optic fiber projection in the brain of Salamandra salamandra was investigated by degeneration techniques. Terminal fields are described in the thalamus and in the optic tectum. Microelectrode recordings were performed from ganglion cells in the retina and from their terminals in the thalamus and tectum in Salamandra and Triturus alpestris. 'On' cells showed maximal sensitivity either in the blue or in the yellow spectral region; they project to the thalamus. Color coding 'on off' cells project to the tectum opticum. In Triturus a seasonal change in these neurons occurs. Probably due to transition of vitamin A2 into vitamin A1 the spectral sensitivity is different. In springtime blue-red opponent-color neurons were recorded, in fall however, blue-yellow neurons were found. PMID- 7237103 TI - Eccles's physiological evidence for a self-conscious mind. AB - Eccles cites three items of physiological evidence for a self-conscious mind: experiments by Libet, showing that consciousness can antedate sensory experience; slow build-up of the readiness potential, showing that the mind is weak; that brain events are scattered, but consciousness is a unity. I argue that none of the three items has any significance: the first is a confusion about the experimental evidence; the second indicates weak physical forces, no mind; the third replaces visible structures by intangible influences. Thus, these physiological arguments do not support the contention that non-physical influences are at work. PMID- 7237105 TI - A quantitative comparison of the parts of the brains of two Australian marsupials and some eutherian mammals. AB - The size and composition of the brains of the quokka wallaby (Setonix brachyurus) and the brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) were compared with those of the rat, rabbit, cat, sheep, and human. Separate structures were taken from the brains by standardized dissection and their weights compared. Particular attention was paid to the relationships between the size of the amygdala and other brain structures. Marsupials were within the eutherian range in the ratio of whole brain weight to body weight. They were also within eutherian ranges in the proportion of the total brain weight formed by all structures, except the striatum, and in the proportion of the non-neocortical brain weight contributed by all structures but the olfactory bulbs. In all measures the marsupials were within the general range for eutherian mammals reported in the literature. The size of the amygdala was related significantly to that of the septum, hypothalamus, thalamus, lower brain stem, and olfactory bulbs. PMID- 7237104 TI - Organization of thalamic projections to visual cortex in opossum. AB - Projections from visual thalamus to posterior cortex of the Virginia opossum revealed by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase show a specific and orderly pattern. The lateral geniculate nucleus projects only to cortical area 17, while a lateral sector of the lateral posterior nucleus sends afferents both to area 17 and 18. Area 19 receives input from the lateral intermediate nucleus; the caudomedial sector of the lateral posterior nucleus projects to the anterior and posterolateral areas of cortex. These features are generalized to other mammals to include thalamic input differentially derived from retinal, tectal, pretectal and cortical sources. PMID- 7237106 TI - Morphological asymmetries of the cat brain. AB - The fissure patterns of 112 cat brains were examined and 45% were found to be asymmetric with respect to Otsuka and Hassler sulcus pattern types. As well, 22% were asymmetric with respect to the presence of a postcrutiate sulcus. No relationship was found between the presence or asymmetry of specific cortical features and paw preference, suggesting that these asymmetries are not associated with a functional asymmetry in visual discrimination performance previously demonstrated in the cat. PMID- 7237107 TI - Prefrontal cortex of the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) defined as cortical projection area of the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus. AB - The cortical projection area of the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus (MD) was investigated using the horseradish peroxidase technique. Distinct relationships between subdivisions of MD and of the prefrontal cortex were established: the medial sector of MD projects to sulcal cortex dorsal to the rhinal fissure and to the lateral frontopolar region; the lateral sector of MD reaches mainly cortex within the medial part of the hemisphere from the frontopolar region up to a mid corpus callosal level. The projection area of the lateral sector of MD overlaps with the projection fields of the paratenial and anteromedial nuclei. It is concluded that the guinea pig's prefrontal cortex, defined as the projection area of MD, has strong similarities with the prefrontal cortices of rats and rabbits, that is with the prefrontal cortices of species of two different orders. PMID- 7237108 TI - Delayed-alternation performance after selective lesions of the medial and sulcal prefrontal cortex of the guinea pig. AB - The sulcal or medial subdivision of the prefrontal cortex of the guinea pig was ablated after the animals had learned a spatial delayed-alternation task. Retention of this task was significantly impaired only after ablation of the medial prefrontal cortex. As the most critical cortical region for delayed alternation performance in the rat is also situated in the medial prefrontal cortex, our findings suggest a close functional correspondence of the prefrontal cortices of these rodent species. PMID- 7237110 TI - Correlates of syntactic development in kindergartners: deficiency vs. proficiency. PMID- 7237109 TI - Some observations on the nature of recovery in global aphasia after stroke. PMID- 7237111 TI - Tests that discriminate between dyslexic and other learning-disable boys. PMID- 7237112 TI - Use of a statistical significance criterion in drawing inferences about hemispheric dominance for language function from dichotic listening data. PMID- 7237113 TI - The effect of varying stimulus context on word-finding ability: dyslexia further differentiated from other learning disabilities. PMID- 7237114 TI - Comprehension of gerundive constructions by Broca's aphasics. PMID- 7237116 TI - Cortical control of conditioned and spontaneous vocal behavior in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7237115 TI - Selective involvement of the auditory-verbal modality in an acquired communication disorder: benefit from sign language therapy. PMID- 7237117 TI - Notes and discussion the lexicon and sentence generation in aphasia. PMID- 7237118 TI - A procedure to differentiate phonological disturbances in Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia. PMID- 7237119 TI - A reinterpretation of hemispherectomy data without functional plasticity of the brain. PMID- 7237120 TI - Experimental reversal of a left visual field superiority for forms. PMID- 7237121 TI - The effect of auditory input on cerebral laterality. PMID- 7237122 TI - Auditory evoked potentials and sex-related differences in brain development. PMID- 7237123 TI - Evoked potential and single unit responses to olfactory nerve volleys in the isolated turtle olfactory bulb. AB - An in vitro preparation of the whole olfactory bulb of the turtle has been investigated using extracellular evoked potentials and unitary spikes. The compound action potential has a slow conduction velocity (0.15 mm/msec), brief relatively refractory period (10 msec) and prolonged supernormality (several hundred msec). The evoked potentials undergo prolonged periods of partial and complete suppression, as tested by the responses to paired volleys in the olfactory nerves. The suppression has a complex temporal pattern, and lasts more than 4 sec. Similar periods were revealed by the unitary spike responses of presumed mitral cells to olfactory nerve volleys. The results are similar to those reported in in vivo studies of turtle and other species. They suggest that the basic properties of mitral cells and their synaptic interactions with local interneurons are maintained in this isolated olfactory bulb preparation. PMID- 7237124 TI - The relationship between loss of dopamine nerve terminals, striatal [3H]spiroperidol binding and rotational behavior in unilaterally 6 hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. AB - The relationship between the destruction of dopamine-containing nerve terminals, specific binding of [3H]spiroperidol and contralateral rotation in response to L DOPA, was studied in rats with unilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system, induced by intracerebral injections of the neurotoxin 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Animals with significant rotational behavior in response to L-DOPA had both a greater amount of specific binding of [3H]spiroperidol in the lesioned striatum compared to the non-lesioned striatum, and at least 90% destruction of DA terminals in the lesioned striatum (less than 10% of control uptake). The nonrotators to L-DOPA had considerably less destruction of DA terminals and no significant increase in specific binding on the lesioned side. The data from this study suggest that before L-DOPA is effective as an inducer of contralateral rotational behavior, there must be both unilateral damage to the DA terminals greater than 90%, and increased specific binding. PMID- 7237125 TI - Changes of electroretinogram and neurochemical aspects of GABAergic neurons of retina after intraocular injection of kainic acid in rats. AB - The effect of kainic acid (KA) on both electroretinogram (ERG) readings and neurochemical properties of the retina was investigated in rats with emphasis placed upon examination of the events that occur immediately following KA treatment. KA was injected into the eyes of rats with doses of 50 and 200 nmol. One hour after injection, histological alterations became evident. Swelling was observed in the inner and outer plexiform layers. Certain ganglion cells and cells of the inner nuclear layers exhibited pyknotic nuclei. Most of the ganglion cells appeared to have degenerated 48 h following injection, and the form of the outer plexiform layer was incomplete. The amplitude of the b-waves of the ERG decreased 2 h following injection and never recovered. The amplitude of the a waves was unaffected by KA. The gamma-aminobutyric acid content in the eyecups began to decrease within 1 h and fell to approximately 20% of its original level 24 h following injection. The taurine content in the eyecups was unaffected by KA. The activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase remained unaffected for 2 h after injection, but was reduced to approximately 40% of its original activity by 24 h after injection. A possible explanation for the mechanism by which KA effects degenerative changes in the rat retina is that KA induces release of neurotransmitters through stimulation of neurons, and degeneration in the soma follows. PMID- 7237126 TI - Dopamine receptor changes following destruction of the nigrostriatal pathway: lack of a relationship to rotational behavior. AB - Phenomena consistent with postsynaptic supersensitivity developed in the rat neostriatum following the destruction of dopaminergic afferent neurons. A gradual increase in the density of binding sites for [3H]spiperone occurred over a 2-3 week period. This increase was apparent only after the almost complete loss of dopamine-containing nerve terminals as measured by the depletion of endogenous dopamine. The properties of the receptor labeled by [3H]spiperone were not altered by denervation. Elimination of dopamine-containing nerve endings in the neostriatum was accompanied by the gradual development of an increase in dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclase activity in homogenates of the caudate ipsilateral to the lesion as compared to the contralateral side. The administration of apomorphine led to pronounced circling behavior. This effect occurred rapidly and was maximal within 3 days following destruction of dopaminergic neurons. The increase in the density of dopamine receptors and in a receptor-mediated function may partially account for the development of enhanced electrophysiological responses to dopamine agonists in the neostriatum. However, the results do not explain the drug-induced rotational behavior which develops after destruction of the dopamine-containing nigrostriatal pathway. This behavioral phenomenon clearly preceded the appearance of receptor alterations in the corpus striatum. PMID- 7237127 TI - Topographical localization of choline acetyltransferase within the human spinal cord and a comparison with some other species. AB - Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which is known to be a specific marker of cholinergic structures, was assayed in small tissue samples punched out from cryosections of human, bovine, cat and rat spinal cords. The relative distribution patterns of spinal ChAT were similar between the different species. An area of high activity in the ventrolateral part of the ventral horn was found. This activity is probably located in the motor neurons, as it could be traced into the ventral root region. In addition, in the dorsal horn of the cord from man and cow another area with high ChAT activity was found. Subcellular studies suggest that this activity is mainly located at nerve terminals. PMID- 7237130 TI - Spatial acuity of the chicken. AB - Visual acuity was measured by determining the highest spatial acuity at which chickens aged 1-25 days jumped consistently to a physically supported grating instead of to an unsupported homogeneous field. In contrast to the gradual visual development found for kittens, monkeys, and humans, the chicken exhibits asymptotic sensitivity to spatial detail (with acuity at about 1.5 c/deg) within 48 h of hatching. PMID- 7237128 TI - Changes in salt intake lesions of the area postrema and the nucleus of the solitary tract in rats. AB - Several reports have linked the area postrema (AP), a circumventricular organ in the dorsal medulla, to the control of sodium regulation. To clarify its role further we examined the effects of AP ablations in rats on sodium intake as well as on sodium output. Eighteen experimental rats received lesions to the AP while 6 control rats received sham lesions. After the lesions we gave the animals a two bottle preference test between water and various molar concentrations of NaCl (0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5), glucose (0.1, 0.3) or KCl (0.1, 0.3) solutions. Rats with AP lesions consumed supranormal amounts of NaCl solutions, but their intakes of glucose and KCl solutions were not significantly different from those of control rats. These changes in intake were apparently not secondary to changes in sodium output. Urinary sodium and potassium levels were the same for both groups of rats while on a normal, sodium-replete diet or on a sodium-free diet. Anatomical analyses revealed a significant correlation between the size of the lesion and the animals' salt intake (NaCl, KCl). Only when the lesions destroyed the AP without appreciable damage to the adjacent nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), a sensory relay for gustatory and visceral afferents, was there a significant tendency for rats to consume more salt solution. These changes in intake cannot be accounted for by lesioned produced deficits in gustatory function. The data were discussed with regard to possible hemodynamic effects of the lesions. PMID- 7237129 TI - Intraspinal distribution and reaction in the grey matter with tetanus toxin of intracisternally injected anti-tetanus toxoid F(ab')2 fragments. AB - Anti-tetanus toxoid F(ab')2 fragments were purified using immune-affinity chromatography on tetanus toxoid-Sepharose. Fragments were labeled with 125I. Labeled or non-labeled fragments were injected into the intrathecal space of rats. The labeled fragments were found in the spinal cord outside but not inside neurons. Tetanus toxin was injected into a muscle and 36 h later labeled fragments were injected intracisternally. After another 24 h the label was elevated in the spinal cord half segments giving neural supply to the injected muscle and in these half-segments the label was concentrated around some alpha motoneurons. [125I]Tetanus toxin was injected into a muscle and at different times thereafter non-labeled fragments were injected intracisternally. The development of hindlimb rigidity but not the accumulation of [125I]tetanus toxin in alpha-motoneurons was prevented by early intracisternal injection of fragments. Injection of fragments after the appearance of hindlimb rigidity did not revert the rigidity but prevented the further development of symptoms. It is concluded that an action of tetanus toxin inside alpha-motoneurons is of no importance for the development of motor symptoms in clinical tetanus. The data suggest that in order to evoke spinal symptoms of toxicity tetanus toxin has to reach interneurons by transneuronal migration. In the very early stages of clinical tetanus the intrathecal injection of fragments may be useful. PMID- 7237131 TI - Retractor bulbi muscle responses to oculomotor nerve and nucleus stimulation in the cat. AB - This study demonstrates the presence of retractor bulbi motoneurons within the oculomotor nucleus which activate muscle units within all 4 slips of the cat retractor bulbi muscle. These muscle units are mechanically different and physiologically separate from retractor bulbi muscle units innervated by the abducens nerve. The refractor bulbi muscle, then, is innervated by two separate pools of motoneurons whose axons are carried in two different cranial nerves. These observations of mechanical properties of retractor bulbi muscle suggest that the oculomotor retractor bulbi motor units may be activated during patterned eye movements. PMID- 7237132 TI - Radioautographic localization of prolactin messenger RNA on histological sections by in situ hybridization. AB - In situ hybridization of complementary [H3]DNA ([H3]cDNA) synthetized from purified rat prolactin messenger RNA (rPRL mRNA) was performed to specifically identify on histologic sections of rat hypophysis cells expressing the PRL gene. Radioautographic labelling occurred over weakly acidophilic cells, while other acidophils, with darker cytoplasm did not contain more silver grains than blood vessels. PMID- 7237134 TI - Spontaneous hyperpolarizations at the membrane of cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion cells. AB - Intracellular recordings from cultured mouse dorsal root (sensory) ganglion cells revealed the presence of spontaneous hyperpolarizing potentials in over half of the cells. The potentials were resistant to tetrodotoxin and under voltage clamp were replaced by fluctuations in outward current. The power spectral density plots of these current fluctuations were predominantly of the Lorentzian type. These events may play an important role in the functioning of some sensory nerve cells. PMID- 7237135 TI - Electrophysiological study of the nucleus of the optic tract that transfers optic signals to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis - the visual mossy fiber pathway to the cerebellar flocculus. AB - Neuronal activities (n = 43) in the pretectal region in rabbits were recorded. They were orthodromically activated from the optic chiasm (latency, 1.86 +/- 0.35 msec) and antidromically from the ipsilateral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (Nrt) (latency, 0.97 +/- 0.22 msec). Thirty-one (72%) neurons were in the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), four (9%) in the anterior pretectal nucleus (PA) and seven (16%) in the border between NOT and PA. These findings demonstrate that the NOT is involved in the visual mossy fiber pathways to the flocculus and may contribute to optokinetic eye movements. PMID- 7237133 TI - Organization of direction preferences in cat visual cortex. AB - Single unit recordings were made from the visual cortex of 5 adult cats. Visual stimuli were used to determine the stimulus orientation and direction of movement preferred by cortical cells. Analysis of the sequence of neurons recorded along each electrode penetration and their direction preferences indicates that neurons preferring similar directions of movement are clustered together in the cortex. PMID- 7237136 TI - Correlation of peripheral receptive field area and rostrocaudal locus of neurons within the raccoon cuneate nucleus. AB - There is a significant positive correlation between peripheral receptive field (RF) area and neuron locus within the rostrocaudal extent of the raccoon cuneate nucleus for units having tactile RFs on the glabrous surfaces of the forepaw digits, larger RFs being associated with more rostrally located neurons, smaller ones with caudally situated neurons, but not for units having tactile RFs on the glabrous surfaces of the palm. For digits and palm, RF areas of neurons of the cuneate nucleus are approximately 40 and 100 times larger, respectively, than RF areas of primary afferent fibers of the cuneate fasciculus. PMID- 7237137 TI - Quantitative analysis of neuron-glial relationships in the buccal ganglion of Planorbis: life constancy in the absence of changes in functional output. AB - The numbers and volumes of the neurons and glial cells in the buccal ganglia of Planorbis were analyzed by a new technique (computer image analysis of serial section autoradiograms). The nerve-glia relationship are remarkably constant in the ganglia throughout the adult life of the animal (4-5 years), which correlates with their unchanging functional output to control the feeding cycle of the animal. PMID- 7237138 TI - Ca2+-accumulation in experimental spinal cord trauma. AB - Quantitative measurements of the time course of calcium levels in experimental spinal cord trauma have been made. The injury was produced in rats by dropping a 10 g weight from 30 cm upon exposed dura-invested spinal cord. Lumbar sections of traumatized spinal cord and internal controls from remote cervical cord were excised and analyzed for calcium using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Total calcium levels in the lesioned cord were significantly elevated over control values within 45 min post-trauma (P less than 0.005), with maximal increase at 8 h. The increased levels of calcium in the lesion tissue confirm the previous morphologic finding of calcium deposits within axons in the lesion. PMID- 7237139 TI - Caffeine blocks the delayed K+ outward current of molluscan neurons. AB - Extracellular application of caffeine inhibits the delayed K+ outward current of Aplysia neurons in a dose dependent manner without changing the kinetics. Half maximum blockade is produced with a concentration of 16.0 +/- 0.7 mM (S.E.M.) caffeine after 1-2 min. Intracellular injection of caffeine has an almost immediate blocking effect. The evidence suggests that the blocking site is at or close to the inner surface of the cellular membrane. PMID- 7237140 TI - Monosodium glutamate: increased neurotoxicity after removal of neuronal re-uptake sites. AB - Microinjections of monosodium glutamate (MSG; 300 microgram/0.5 microliter) into the hippocampus of the adult rat result in only marginal damage to local neurons. Perforant path transections, removing glutamatergic afferents to hippocampal granule cells, make the latter markedly more vulnerable to a subsequent MSG injection. The principle of modulating toxic effects of MSG by interfering with its neurotransmitter role may have significant impact on our understanding of human neurodegenerative disorders. PMID- 7237142 TI - Vasopressin and oxytocin content of human fetal brain at different stages of gestation. AB - Pituitaries from 38 human fetuses and 5 microdissected hypothalamic areas from each of 14 fetuses were assayed for vasopressin and oxytocin. The fetuses were between 15 and 34 weeks of gestation. Vasopressin and oxytocin were found in all the pituitary glands and all the hypothalamic areas studied. A trend of increasing content of both hormones was found in the pituitary gland towards the end of gestation with a marked increase in vasopressin/oxytocin ratio. The human fetus synthesizes oxytocin and vasopressin at least from 15 weeks of gestation and the presence of both hormones in the hypothalamus is not limited to the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. PMID- 7237141 TI - Neural correlate of the overtraining reversal effect. PMID- 7237143 TI - Pathways between the nucleus tractus solitarius and neurosecretory neurons of the supraoptic nucleus: electrophysiological studies. AB - In anesthetized cats recordings were made from hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neurons in a supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus. The region of the nucleus tractus solitarius in the medulla, identified electrophysiologically as the site of termination of the first relay neurons of the sinus and aortic nerves, was stimulated with single or short trains of pulses (2-3 at 200 Hz). Out of 133 SON neurons 67 were affected by such stimuli. In 14 cells (21% of 'responsive' neurons) the stimulus produced profound inhibition of SON neuron activity after a latency of 10-30 msec. In another 8 neurons (12%) the inhibitory effect was observed after a longer latency of over 100 msec. An increase in intensity of stimulus merely prolonged or increased the inhibitory effect without changing the response qualitatively. The other 45 (67%) SON neurons were excited by stimulation of the nucleus tractus solitarius. In a small proportion of these neurons (5 cells, 7%) the stimulus evoked discharges, even in spontaneously silent neurosecretory cells, after a latency of 10-20 msec with little fluctuation. In the remaining 40 neurons, i.e. 60% of the 'responsive' neurons, the excitatory effect was observed after a latency of 40-120 msec. Again, changes in intensity of stimulation did not alter the nature of this response. The results indicate that both 'fast' as well as 'slow' pathways between the nucleus tractus solitarius and SON neurons exist and impulses travelling through the latter pathway from the carotid sinus or aortic nerve affect the larger proportion of SON neurons. PMID- 7237144 TI - Mesencephalic neurons controlling lens accommodation in the cat. AB - Thirty units were found in the midbrain of the anesthetized cat which discharged in correlation with spontaneously occurring lens accommodation. The frequency of spike potentials increased before the onset of the accommodation response. Increased discharges were followed by a silent period. These units were driven orthodromically by stimulating the interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum and the posterior commissure. Eleven of these units were identified antidromically as parasympathetic oculomotor neurons. PMID- 7237146 TI - S-Adenosylmethionine excites rat cerebral cortical neurons. PMID- 7237145 TI - Benzodiazepines prevent kainate-induced loss of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons in the chick retina. AB - Kainic acid (50 nmol), applied intravitreally to the eyes of chicks, produces within 6 h a loss of more than 50% of biochemical markers for cholinergic and GABAergic neurons in the retina. Repeated peripheral administration of benzodiazepines, such as diazepam and clonazepam, protects from the kainate induced loss of cholinergic and GABAergic markers in the retina. Histologically diazepam reduces the nuclear pyknosis induced by kainate particularly at the level of the amacrine cell-layer. PMID- 7237147 TI - Binding of [3H]glycine, [3H]beta-alanine and [3H]strychnine in cultured rat spinal cord and brain stem. AB - Cultures of rat brain stem and spinal cord were used to visualize binding sites for [3H]glycine, [3H]beta-alanine and their antagonist [3H]strychnine by light microscopic autoradiography. In spinal cord cultures, all radio-ligands were bound mainly to large neurones, probably motoneurones whereas in brain stem cultures, both medium-sized and large neurones were labelled. In contrast, glial cells did not show binding sites for any of the compounds studied, suggesting that glial elements may not possess receptors for glycine and beta-alanine. PMID- 7237148 TI - Stimulation induced changes in extracellular free calcium in normal cortex and chronic alumina cream foci of cats. AB - Changes in extracellular [Ca2+]0 (delta Ca) were measured with ion selective microelectrodes in the sensorimotor cortex of cats, surrounding alumina cream lesions and in the contralateral homotopic cortex. The lesions were produced by topical application of alumina cream 6 months-6 years prior to experiments. In normal cortex, stimulus induced reactions of [Ca2+]0 were found to be maximal (up to 0.45 mM) in depths of 200-300 micrometers below the cortical surface. At depths of 600 micrometers and more below the cortical surface, [Ca+2]0 usually rose by up to 0.2 mM above baseline. In the vicinity of the chronic lesion as well as in contralateral cortex [Ca2+]0 fell initially during stimulation in all depths. Close to the lesion delta Ca was as high as 0.8 mM and sites of maximal delta Ca were found to be located deeper in the cortex. About 5 mm from the scar as well as in the contralateral homotopic cortex, maximum delta Ca levels were found in a depth of 200-300 micrometers. It is suggested that Ca2+ dependent mechanisms are involved in epileptogenesis in chronic epileptic foci. PMID- 7237149 TI - Vagal elicitation of respiratory-type and other unit responses in striopallidum of squirrel monkeys. AB - The putamen and globus pallidus were explored in awake, sitting squirrel monkeys while testing the effects of vagal volleys on the activity of isolated units. Triple shocks were applied to the left cervical vagus nerve every 4 sec. Special computer methods were developed for recording and analyzing data. As a control for adventitious extravagal somatic stimulation, units responsive to vagal volleys were also tested during shock-induced facial and cervical twitches. Under the given conditions, 30% of the units were responsive only to vagal volleys. The ratio of initially excited to initially inhibited units was about 2:3. The response latencies ranged from 6 to 200 msec, values indicative of both rapidly and slowly conducting, afferent pathways. The entrainment of respiration by vagal volleys revealed that 6% of the tested units gave a periodic discharge that appeared to correlate with the respiratory rhythm. This last result compares to that described and discussed in the following companion paper on basal limbic structures. PMID- 7237150 TI - Vagal elicitation of respiratory-type and other unit responses in basal limbic structures of squirrel monkeys. AB - Basal limbic structures (insula, amygdala, hippocampus and surrounding areas) were explored for unit responses to vagal volleys in awake, sitting, squirrel monkeys. Triple shocks were applied every 4 sec to the left cervical vagus nerve. As a control for adventitious activation by extravagal somatic afferents, units responsive to vagal volleys were also tested during shock-induced facial and cervical twitches. Under the given conditions, 16% of a population of more than 200 limbic units responded only to vagal volleys. The ratio of initially excited to initially inhibited units was about 2:3. The response latencies were indicative of both rapidly and slowly conducting, afferent pathways. The entrainment of respiration by vagal volleys revealed that 6% of the tested units discharged with a periodicity commensurate with the respiratory rhythm. Such respiratory units were found in the anterior amygdala, insula and hippocampus. In the case of the hippocampus it can be concluded that the discharge of respiratory type units is not dependent on olfactory inputs. In the amygdala, the highest percentage of responsive units was found in the central nucleus; none were of a respiratory-type. The particular interest of the respiratory-type units found in this and the preceding study is discussed. PMID- 7237152 TI - Static and dynamic fusimotor controls in various hindlimb muscles during locomotor activity in the decorticate cat. AB - During stereotyped locomotor movements of the acute decorticate (thalamic) cate, the static and dynamic fusimotor actions upon spindles of various hindlimb muscles were studied in relation to extrafusal activities. For this purpose, the rhythmic alterations in the responses of spindle endings to appropriate repetitive stretches were analyzed. Co-activation of alpha motoneurones with static and dynamic fusimotor neurones throughout the locomotor cycle was demonstrated. Quantitative differences were found between the fusimotor influences on spindles of various muscle groups. The static action was stronger than the dynamic one in pure flexor muscles; a predominantly dynamic action occurred in pure extensor ones while both actions were balanced in proximal bifunctional muscles. These results are discussed in relation to the known characteristics of fusimotor innervation and to the control of locomotor movement. PMID- 7237151 TI - Heterologous synapses upon Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the Reeler mutant mouse: an experimental light and electron microscopic study. AB - The projections of the spinal cord upon the cerebellum of normal and Reeler mutant mice were compared by light and electron microscopic methods after hemicordotomy. In both genotypes this afferent system projects to the cerebellar cortex and to the roof nuclei. In the Reeler, there is an additional projection among the Purkinje cells and interneurons of the central cerebellar mass. In both normal and Reeler cerebellar cortex this mossy fiber system terminates as large glomeruli. In Reeler the spinal projection also gives rise to a smaller terminal which is distributed both to the cortex and the central cerebellar mass. In both genotypes the dendrites of granule cells and the somata and dendrites of Golgi cells are synaptic targets of the glomeruli of the cortical projection. In Reeler both the glomeruli and smaller terminals also form heterologous synaptic contacts with dendrite spines of heterotopic intracortical and subcortical Purkinje cells. In both genotypes the synapses are exclusively type I. A second class of heterologous synapse, a type I junction between axons of Golgi cells and Purkinje cell spines, is also recognized in electron micrographs. The present study is the first unequivocal demonstration by experimental hodologic method of heterologous synaptic junctions in the mammalian central nervous system. The existence of such junctions in the cytoarchitectonically anomalous cerebellum of this mutant emphasizes the critical role played by the cellular environment in shaping neural circuits in the developing nervous system. PMID- 7237153 TI - Brain space for a learned task. AB - Forty-six adult male and female canaries were sacrificed, their brains were weighed and the volume of several brain nuclei reconstructed from the cresyl violet-stained material. Two forebrain vocal control nuclei, hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudale (HVc) and nucleus robustus archistriatalis (RA), were approximately 4 and 3 times larger, respectively, in males than in females, confirming previous findings. There was no consistent right-left asymmetry in the volume of these nuclei in males and females. Twenty-five male birds in this study had their song repertoire recorded during the peak of the singing season. They were sacrificed 3 to 4 months later. The size of the song repertoire, measured as number of different syllable types, showed a positive and significant correlation with the size of HVc and RA. There was no significant correlation between size of the syllable repertoire and age, brain weight or the volume of two brain nuclei not involved in song control. This is the first time that the amount of brain allotted to a specific learned skill has been shown to correlate positively with the amount of that skill that is learned. Interestingly, too, there was a positive and significant correlation between testis weight at the end of the breeding season and the volume of RA at that time, suggesting a hormone-mediated seasonal modulation of part of the brain space occupied by song control pathways. This material seems well suited for studying the relation between space and learning, and the manner in which this relation is influenced by gonadal hormones. PMID- 7237154 TI - Spatial sampling by dendritic trees in visual cortex. AB - Kittens were reared in vertically or horizontally striped cylinders. After rearing exposures of 400-500 h, responses of single neurons were determined as a function of orientation of a square wave grating stimulus. These data suggest that the rearing environment did alter orientation preference in some of the kittens. The visual cortices of the stripe-reared kittens and of control kittens were impregnated according to a Golgi-Cox method. Dendrites of layer IV stellate cells were tracked and analyzed in three dimensions by a computer-microscope. Four methods of analyzing the spatial distribution of dendrites are described and discussed. Two methods previously described in the literature were not sufficiently sensitive to detect any differences among kittens exposed to vertical or horizontal stripes or to a control environment. Two newly developed methods were able to provide initial evidence for rearing effects on dendritic trees in visual cortex. The more detailed of these new methods describes the angular location of dendritic segments, with respect to standard brain axes, as a function of distance from the cell body. Data obtained by means of this method of dendritic angular distribution (DAD) plots suggests a number of conclusions. Rearing animals in a striped environment may influence the way in which dendrites of layer IV stellate cells of visual cortex distribute themselves in the neuropil. The effect of selective rearing on dendritic distribution does not appear to extend back to those portions of the dendritic tree closest to the cell body. This influence of rearing in a selective environment may be explained by hypothesizing that during development dendrites distribute themselves in ways that tend to maximize the effects of spatiotemporal summation for the postsynaptic neurons. PMID- 7237155 TI - A direct projection from the hypothalamus to the area postrema in the rat, as demonstrated by the HRP and autoradiographic methods. AB - A direct hypothalamic afferent to the area postrema was found in the rat. After an injection of tritiated amino acids into the hypothalamus, labeled fibers and terminals were observed in the entire part of the area postrema, with dense patches of silver grains present in places. Cells of origin of this novel projection were identified with the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method in the dorsal hypothalamic area at the most rostral level of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. PMID- 7237157 TI - Identification of prepositus neurons projecting to the oculomotor nucleus in the alert cat. AB - A population of prepositus hypoglossi nucleus neurons with discharges correlated to gaze parameters and antidromically activated by stimulation of the ipsilateral oculomotor nucleus has been recorded in the alert cat. The latency for antidromic invasion was of 0.6-0.8 msec. Neuronal firing rate encoded eye position and eye velocity in the horizontal plane, showing in all cases ipsilateral 'on' direction. PMID- 7237156 TI - The identification of serotonergic neurons in the nucleus raphe magnus by conduction velocity. AB - Histochemical studies have described serotonergic neurons in the nucleus raphe magnus, and since their axons are small, they would be expected to have low conduction velocities. However, previous studies have reported few slow conducting units in the nucleus. In these studies, raphe-spinal neurons, detected by antidromic activation, were found to exhibit a wide range of conduction velocities, including numbers of slow-conducting units. In a second set of experiments, the number of raphe-spinal units found in control rats and those treated with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, a serotonin neurotoxin, were compared. Two groups of slow-conducting units were reduced in treated animals and those units, conducting between 0.7-1.0 m/sec and 3.1-6.0 m/sec, were presumed to be serotonergic. These neurons comprised about 40% of the total found in the nucleus. PMID- 7237158 TI - Synthesis of myelin glycosphingolipids by isolated oligodendrocytes in tissue culture. AB - Isolated lamb oligodendrocytes in tissue culture were tested for their ability to express differenciated functions related to the synthesis of myelin. Galactocerebrosides and sulfatides are highly enriched in myelin and are recognized as markers for myelination. Hence, we followed the synthesis of these glycosphingolipids. At selected times, monolayer cultures of cells were double labeled for 60-72 h with [3H]galactose and H2 35SO4. Glycosphingolipids were separated and identified by thin layer chromatography. During the first week in tissue culture, there was gradual decline in incorporation of both isotopes relative to the values, obtained for freshly isolated cells. However, by 3 weeks high levels of H2 35SO4 incorporation into sulfatide and [3H]galactose into cerebrosides were found. A complex pattern of incorporation ensued after this peak which varied for each particular glycosphingolipid. It is concluded that: (1) cultured oligodendrocytes retain the capacity to synthesize components of myelin; (2) since the isolated cells have already been involved in myelination, these cultures afford a unique model to study remyelination' amd (3) these cells provide a good system to study the properties of oligodendrocytes. PMID- 7237159 TI - Dynamic-static sensitivity of rat chorda tympani fibers to anodal current applied to the tongue. AB - Responses of rat single chorda tympani fibers to anodal current of varying rise rates and current intensities applied to the tongue were examined. Thirteen out of fifteen chorda tympani fibers were sensitive to both rate of current rise and current intensity. However, sensitivities to these two stimulus parameters were different among 13 fibers. The remaining two fibers were not sensitive to the rate of current rise, but sensitive to current intensity. It was suggested that sensitivity to the rate of current rise was independent from that to current intensity. PMID- 7237160 TI - The influence of aging and hypertension on cerebral autoregulation. AB - Cerebral autoregulation was tested here in 3- and 18-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto controls (WKY). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in each rat using radioactive micropheres under unanesthetized control conditions and after hypotension induced by ganglionic blockade. Under control conditions there was no significant difference in CBF between SHR and WKY. During drug induced hypotension CBF decreased significantly in all except 3 month WKY. CBF was decreased significantly more in 18 month SHR after ganglionic blockade compared to other test groups. These results indicate an influence of both age and hypertension in altering the ability of the cerebrovasculature to autoregulate. PMID- 7237161 TI - Morphine suppression of bradycardia induced by electrical stimulation of gigantocellular reticular nucleus in the cat. AB - In chloralose-urethane-anesthetized cats, intravertebral injection of morphine (1,2 and 4 mg/kg) promoted a drastic suppression of the bradycardia elicited by stimulating the medullary gigantocelular reticular nucleus (GRN). The degree of blockadge of GRN-induced cardioinhibition was directly dependent upon the dose of morphine and inversely related to the reticular stimulus train intensity and pulse frequency. The possibility that the GRM may be a site of action for morphine in its production of hypotension and bradycardia was discussed. PMID- 7237162 TI - Regional changes in brain catecholamine turnover in the rat during performance on fixed ratio and variable interval schedules of reinforcement. PMID- 7237163 TI - The effects of chloral hydrate anesthesia on the metabolic response in the substantia nigra to apomorphine. AB - The effects of apomorphine (1 mg/kg) upon glucose utilization in the substantia nigra (pars compacta) have been examined with 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography in conscious rats and rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate. In conscious rats, apomorphine increased glucose use by 23%, whereas in the anesthetized rats, apomorphine decreased glucose use by 24%. These divergent responses to apomorphine highlight the difficulties associated with the use of chloral hydrate anesthesia in the study of nigro-striatal systems. PMID- 7237164 TI - Quantitative evidence for selective dendritic growth in normal human aging but not in senile dementia. AB - Parahippocampal gyrus was sampled from human brains at autopsy to form three groups: adult (n = 5, mean age 51.2 years), normal aged (n = 5, mean age 79.6), and senile dementia (SD) (n = 5, mean age 76.0). Classification as normal aged or senile demented was based on both behavioral and neuropathological criteria. Tissue was processed for Golgi-Cox, cresyl violet, hematoxylin and eosin and Bodian silver stains. Both atrophied and normal dendritic trees were seen in all cases. Dendrites of layer II pyramidal neurons were quantified with a computer microscope system. Quantitative data showed that normal aged individuals had longer and more branched dendrites than either adult or SD individuals. There was a slight tendency for SD individuals to have shorter, less-branched dendrites than adults. Differences among groups were greater in apical than in basal portions of the dendritic tree. These differences were largely accounted for by the lengthening and branching (apical dendrites) or lengthening only (basal dendrites) of terminal dendritic segments. These data suggest a model in which aging cortex contains both regressing, dying neurons and surviving, growing neurons. In normal aging it is the latter group that predominates. This is the first demonstration of plasticity in the adult human brain. PMID- 7237165 TI - Efferent connections of the subthalamic region in the rat. II. The zona incerta. AB - The efferent connections of the zona incerta (ZI) were studied experimentally in the rat by the aid of the autoradiographic tracer technique. Small microelectrophoretic injections of tritiated proline and leucine practically confined to the ZI were found to label a widespread, predominantly ipsilateral system of descending and ascending fibers distributed to reticular structures of the brain stem (mesencephalic reticular formation, nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus pars compacta, parabrachial area, nuclei reticularis pontis oralis, pontis caudalis, gigantocellularis and medullae oblongatae, pars ventralis), precerebellar nuclei (nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, pontine nuclei and inferior olivary complex), the middle and deep layers of the superior colliculus, the pretectum (anterior, posterior and medial pretectal nuclei), perioculomotor nuclei (interstitial nucleus of Cajal, nucleus of Darkschewitsch and nuclei of th posterior commissure), the parvocellular portion of the red nucleus, the central gray substance, the nucleus tegmenti dorsalis lateralis, the ventral horn of the cervical spinal cord, non-specific thalamic nuclei (parafascicular, centralis medius, paracentralis, centralis lateralis and ventromedial thalamic nuclei, nucleus reuniens), basal ganglia (entopeduncular nucleus and globus pallidus), hypothalamic structures (posterior hypothalamic nucleus, dorsal and lateral hypothalamic areas), and a subpallidal district of the substantia innominata. Isotope injections centered in Forel's field H1 resulted in the labeling of a similar set of projections. Some of the possible functional correlates of these connections are briefly discussed. PMID- 7237166 TI - Spontaneous and elicited PGO spikes in rats. AB - High-amplitude waves, similar in distribution and configuration to ponto-geniculo occipital (PGO) spikes recorded in cats, were recorded from the area of the locus coeruleus of chronically implanted, unanesthetized albino rats. The mean frequency of spiking during paradoxical sleep (PS) was 19 per min and the amplitudes of the spikes ranged from 0.07 to 0.28 mV. Based on these findings and those of a previous report, it was concluded that these spikes are homologous with PGO spikes recorded in cats. It was also found that spikes identical to the spontaneously occurring spikes of PS could be produced during wakefulness and in all states of sleep with external auditory stimulation. These elicited spikes were not accompanied by eye movements. Initial stimulus presentations resulted in EEG desynchronization, orienting movements and PGO spikes. With continued stimulus presentations, EEG and other signs of alerting would habituate followed by a gradual habituation of the spikes. The latency to the appearance of an evoked spike ranged from 20 to 24 msec. These findings are in agreement with recent studies in cats showing that PGO spikes occur in response to external, auditory stimuli in wakefulness and all stages of sleep in addition to their spontaneous occurrence just prior to and during PS. PMID- 7237167 TI - Tooth pulp input to the spinal trigeminal nucleus: a comparison of inhibitions following segmental and raphe magnus stimulation. AB - In rats and cats anaesthetized with urethane a comparison was made of the inhibitory effects of raphe magnus (NRM) and segmental (facial skin) stimulation on neurones in nucleus caudalis excited by tooth pulp stimulation. The upper and lower ipsilateral incisor teeth were used in rats (176 neurones) and the corresponding canine teeth in cats (34 neurones). The recording sites were located in all layers of nucleus caudalis and in the underlying reticular formation. Both the evoked responses and the conditioning effects were similar in the two species. Both forms of conditioning inhibited about half the neurones tested but only as small proportion was influenced from both sources. NRM stimulation had almost identical effects on neurones driven from upper teeth or from lower teeth and tended to act on those cells with longer latencies. Segmental stimulation influenced the majority of shorter latency cells and produced greater inhibitions of upper tooth pulp neurones. Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls were also observed for certain neurones. PMID- 7237168 TI - The crayfish lateral giants as command neurons for escape behavior. AB - The lateral giants (LGs) of the crayfish have often been described as command neurons. Recently, questions have arisen as to the definition of command neurons and as to whether the LGs are necessary for tailflips. We find that in an isolated abdomen preparation the LGs are necessary; temporarily blocking the LGs by hyperpolarization eliminates the tailflip flexor muscle output normally elicited by stimulation of the sensory afferents. However this demonstration of the LGs' necessity does not establish the LGs as the decision point of the behavior, for the LGs might be driven by a large input from a preceding decision neuron. We have checked for such an input by plotting the size of the EPSP produced in the hyperpolarized LG by various stimulus levels near spike threshold. We find no evidence for a large driving input near spike threshold. We conclude that the LGs have most of the features of command neurons. PMID- 7237169 TI - Central distribution of afferent and efferent components of the chorda tympani in the cat as revealed by the horseradish peroxidase method. AB - Central distribution of afferent and efferent components of the chorda tympani (CT) in the cat was examined by using the anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP was applied to the CT in the tympanic cavity. HRP-labeled CT fibers were traced to the brain stem along the ventral surface of the vestibular nerve. The afferent CT fibers were divided into ascending and descending components. The rostrally directed ascending fibers ended within and around the dorsomedial portions of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus. The descending fibers entered the solitary tract to run caudally as far as the levels slightly rostral to the obex, giving terminals to the solitary nucleus. A cluster of HRP-labeled neurons were seen ipsilaterally in the lateral reticular formation medial to the spinal trigeminal nucleus; it was observed from the caudalmost levels of the exiting root of the facial nerve to the caudal levels of the facial nucleus. HRP-labeled axons arising from the HRP labeled neurons firstly ran dorsomedially and then medially under the genu of the facial nerve to form a small genu at the region medial to the genu of the facial nerve. Subsequently the labeled axons ran laterally and ventrolaterally to join other CT fibers at the dorsomedial aspect of the spinal trigeminal tract. PMID- 7237170 TI - The distribution of the callosal projection to the occipital visual cortex in rats and mice. AB - The principal finding in this study is that the callosal projection to the occipital cortex in rats and mice follows a complex and highly reproducible pattern which has not previously been described in detail. In some regions, the callosal projection is associated with well defined cytoarchitectonic boundaries such as the border between areas 17 and 18a. However, extrastriate cortex lateral to area 17 receives callosal inputs which are not related to previously defined cytoarchitectonic boundaries. Following intraocular injections of [3H]fucose, transneuronal label occupies area 17 and mainly the posterior part of area 18a. A region in posterolateral area 18a which is 'subdivided' into callosal and sparsely callosal regions appears to receive an input from the lateral geniculate nucleus, based on transneuronal autoradiography. Comparison of the distribution of callosal axons and transneuronal label suggests that regions of murid cortex similar to areas 18, 19 and lateral suprasylvian cortex in cats may be located posteriorly in area 18a. PMID- 7237171 TI - The membrane morphology of the neuromuscular junction, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubule system in murine muscular dystrophy studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. AB - 'Dystrophic' mice of the 129/ReJ-dy strain have a genetic defect in Schwann cell proliferation and neuromuscular junction formation. The presynaptic membrane specializations associated with vesicle fusion and acetylcholine release, as well as the postsynaptic membrane specializations associated with acetylcholine receptivity, appear normal in these animals when visualized with freeze-fracture techniques. However, there is a reduction in the infolding of the postsynaptic membrane, which forms the secondary synaptic cleft at the motor endplate and is the site of acetylcholinesterase activity. The orthogonal arrays of the non junctional sarcolemma are found on dystrophic muscles, but at lower than normal densities. These observations are made on muscle fibers in which the membrane molecular organization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubule systems appear normal. Several possible linkages between the deficit in myelination and the altered synaptic morphology are discussed in the context of neuromuscular interaction. PMID- 7237172 TI - Proliferation and synapse formation of neuroblastoma glioma hybrid cells: effects of glia maturation factor. AB - Glia maturation factor (GMF), extracted from bovine brain, stimulated DNA synthesis and proliferation of glioma cells and hybrid cells derived from glioma and neuroblastoma cells (NG108-15), but had no effect on neuroblastoma cells. The synapse formation of NG108-15 cells with rat striated myotubes was lower in the presence of GMF than the control and also lower after treatment with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) plus theophylline, indicating that GMF did not induce functional differentiation of NG108-15 cells. The results show that expression of mitogenic action for GMF in the hybrid cells is a property derived from the glioma parent, and that NG108-15 is therefore an excellent model for studying glial-neuronal interactions. PMID- 7237173 TI - Properties of kinesthetic neurons in somatosensory cortex of awake monkeys. AB - (1) To study neural mechanisms used to encode kinesthetic information in somatosensory cortex of awake monkeys, we recorded from 227 single neurons responsive to joint movement or specific postures of the forelimb or hand (kinesthetic neurons). Unit responses were characterized quantitatively with respect to: (a) firing patterns; (b) responses to ramp changes in joint position and joint velocity; and (c) responses to sinusoidal joint movements. (2) Kinesthetic neurons were divided into 3 groups. Rapidly-adapting neurons (44%) responded only to joint movement, giving a burst of impulses proportional to velocity. They showed no tonic responses to limb posture. Two populations of tonically active neurons were observed: slowly-adapting neurons (43%) and postural neurons (13%). Both types increased their firing rates with increasing degrees of flexion or extension, showing maximum excitation at the extremes of joint position in the preferred direction. They were distinguished by their sensitivity to the velocity of movement, the size of the angle over which they respond, and the phase relation of their responses to sinusoidal joint movement. (3) The firing rates of kinesthetic neurons in S-I cortex are functions of both joint angle and joint velocity. The importance of each component varies in the 3 classes: velocity of movement is the most important determinant of firing rates of rapidly-adapting and slowly-adapting kinesthetic neurons, and joint angle predominates the responses of postural neurons. PMID- 7237174 TI - Multiple-joint neurons in somatosensory cortex of awake monkeys. AB - (1) In the somatosensory cortex of alert monkeys, 55 neurons were found which receive convergent information from two or more adjacent joints. Most of these multiple-joint neurons were excited by postures of the hand, particularly those involved in grasping. (2) Three basic types of joint interactions were observed. The simplest neurons (occlusion neurons) responded to postures of several different joints, but combination of the preferred postures produced no further increase in firing. The more complex cells showed summated responses to combined postures of adjacent joints, or subliminal facilitation between joints. The responses of both summation neurons and subliminal facilitation neurons were graded with joint angle, and there was an optimum or preferred position for both joints which gave the strongest response. (3) Multiple-joint neurons may provide a neuronal substrate for extracting postural information from several different populations of kinesthetic neurons. They therefore act as feature-detecting neurons, abstracting information about specific body postures. PMID- 7237175 TI - Extrahypothalamic vasopressin in human brain. AB - The distribution of arginine vasopressin immunoreactivity in post-mortem human brain was examined using a radioimmunoassay. The highest concentration was found in the hypothalamus but substantial amounts of vasopressin-like immunoreactivity were also found in the locus coeruleus, periaqueductal grey, substantia nigra compacta and reticulata and in lower concentrations in the globus pallidus. The extrahypothalamic vasopressin was immunologically and chromatographically similar to hypothalamic vasopressin. The possibility arises that the high levels of vasopressin in the locus coeruleus may relate to an effect on noradrenergic transmission. PMID- 7237176 TI - Demonstration of caudally directed hippocampal efferents in the rat by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. AB - Axonal projections of rat hippocampal neurons were demonstrated by intracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase. The data indicated a prominent caudally directed projection from pyramidal neurons of hippocampal field CA1, provided evidence that the subiculum is one of its targets, and suggested that the caudally directed efferents from CA1 are more numerous than rostrally directed ones. PMID- 7237177 TI - Cortical inputs to the subthalamus: intracellular analysis. PMID- 7237178 TI - A transient increase in junctional acetylcholine receptors after denervation. AB - An improved method for assaying acetylcholine (ACh) receptors at the neuromuscular junction has been used to examine the effects of denervation in the rat diaphragm. An early increase of junctional ACh receptors occurred after two days of denervation followed by a decline at 14 days. Possible mechanisms responsible for this transient increase in junctional ACh receptors are discussed. PMID- 7237179 TI - Destruction of noradrenergic cell bodies by intracerebral 6-hydroxydopamine in the newborn rat. AB - Intracerebral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine directly in the nucleus locus coeruleus were performed in 4-day-old rats. The effects of such treatment on the subsequent development of this nucleus were analyzed and compared to those obtained in vehicle-injected age-paired controls. The 3 histological techniques used (Nissl, Glenner reaction, and histochemical fluorescence) indicated in the experimental group a progressive disappearance of the coerulean perikarya within 7 days postinjection. This lesion was permanent and did not induce any noradrenergic sprouting. PMID- 7237180 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis from the socio-economic point of view (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237181 TI - [Sacroiliitis in correlation with the HLA antigen B27 in the early diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237183 TI - [Comparison of pharmacokinetics of some salicylates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237182 TI - [Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237184 TI - [Binding of indomethacin and its derivatives to human serum albumin and human plasma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237185 TI - [Thermographic evaluation of the effects of physical therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237186 TI - [The spinal column in psoriatic arthritis and in psoriasis without arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237187 TI - [Pattern of antibodies against deoxyribonucleic acid in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237188 TI - [Ultrastructure of the hematoarticular barrier of the synovial membrane of the rabbit after intravital administration of silver nitrate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237189 TI - [Personality characteristics and pain perception (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237190 TI - The effects of trienbolone acetate on carcass composition, conformation and skeletal growth of turkeys. AB - 1. The carcasses of 66- and 73-d-old stag turkeys implanted with 20 mg trienbolone acetate (TA) at 49 d of age were analysed and the results compared with those of untreated controls. 2. Treatment with TA improved growth, increased carcass moisture and tended to decrease carcass fat and ash; protein content was not altered by implantation. 3. Treatment with TA produced a marked improvement in efficiency of conversion of dietary protein to carcass protein. 4. Carcass formation of 70- and 77-d-old turkeys of both sexes implanted with 20 mg TA at 49 d of age was not markedly different from that of controls in terms of the relative proportions of the major body components nor in relative skeletal proportions. 5. Implantation with TA reduced linear and appositional skeletal growth both relative to soft tissue growth and relative to skeletal growth of control turkeys. 6. The rate of bone remodelling was reduced more than the rate of appositional growth so that bone cortical thickness was increased. 7. The changes in the skeleton effected by TA are consistent with the hypothesis that the drug acts by decreasing the rate of protein turnover, with catabolism being depressed more than anabolism. PMID- 7237191 TI - Effect of urea on growth, food utilisation and body composition of chicks. AB - 1. A study was made of the effect of urea, added to chick diets of different protein contents with or without added methionine, on growth and body composition. 2. In chicks fed on diets containing urea, concentrations of urea were higher in the blood and digestive tract but not in the excreta, as compared with chicks fed on diets containing soyabean as the only source of protein. 3. Urea-nitrogen was utilised better for growth when the diets were supplemented with methionine rather than unsupplemented. 4. Body fat content was decreased with the increase in protein content of the diet. Addition of urea decreased body fat less than an equivalent amount of protein. 5. There was no correlation between body fat and body weight in groups fed on diets containing 189 or 216 g protein/kg, but there was a significant correlation between these variables in groups fed on diets containing 292 g protein/kg or either concentration of urea. This phenomenon was much more pronounced in diets not supplemented with methionine. PMID- 7237192 TI - The incidence and importance of tibial dyschondroplasia to the commercial broiler industry in Australia. AB - 1. To survey the relationship between tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and the down grading of broiler carcasses three processing plants representing the major breeding and growing organizations in Australia were visited. 2. The incidence of TD for the three flocks examined varied from 14 to 35%. In the flock with the highest incidence of TD there was a direct relationship between the presence of TD and down-grading of carcasses due to leg abnormalities. 3. A genetic analysis was carried out on one of the parent lines of the breeding group with the highest TD incidence. The genetic correlation between body weight and TD incidence at 7 weeks of age was negative, suggesting that continued selection for increased body weight should lead to a reduced incidence of TD. Since this conflicts with usual expectations, possible reasons, including a within-line genotype by environment interaction, are discussed. 4. Because of the substantial genetic component associated with TD, screening of breeding cockerels for its presence if strongly recommended. PMID- 7237193 TI - Sensible heat transfer from the fowl: boundary-layer resistance of a model fowl. AB - 1. The sensible heat transfer from a physical model of an adult fowl was investigated for the range of air speeds encountered in poultry houses in the United Kingdom, 0.09 to 2.7 m/s, equivalent to Reynolds numbers (Re) from 10(3) to 3 + 10(4). The Grashof number (Gr) range studied was from 6 + 10(6) to 10(7). 2. The pooled results were analysed to give a relationship between the Nusselt number (Nu) and Re in the mixed convective regime of : Nu = 2 + 0.79 Re0 48 A combination of Nu, Re and Gr did not produce a better fit to the results. 3. Enhancement of heat transfer observed when Re was close to 10(3) was probably caused by an interaction between the forced and natural air currents. PMID- 7237194 TI - Sensible heat transfer from the bowl: thermal resistance of the pelt. PMID- 7237195 TI - Sensible heat transfer from the fowl: radiative and convective heat losses from a flock of broiler chickens. AB - 1. Measurements of the micro-climate within a poultry house and physical models of heat loss produced estimates of the sensible heat losses from broilers. The partition between radiative and convective heat losses changed with age and bird activity. 2. The birds spent approximately 67% of ;their time in a cluster, in which their sensible heat losses were between 30 and 60% of those of an individual bird. 3. body plus plumage resistance was constant at 0.09 m2K/W up to 30 d and increased linearly to 0.40 m2K/W at 54 d. PMID- 7237196 TI - Effects of ethylnitrosourea on the hatchability and survival of chicks. AB - 1. Two experiments were carried out to study the effects of the mutagen ethylnitrosourea (ENU) at concentrations of 1.4 to 3 500 microgram in 0.3 ml of saline (experiment 1) and 585 to 1 170 microgram in 0.1 ml of saline (experiment 2) on hatching eggs of two breeds of fowls. Hatchability (experiment 1) and survival up to 7 d of age without food (experiment 2) were assessed. In experiment 1 the hens were fed on different diets prior to providing the hatching eggs. 2. The mutagen showed a non-linear effect upon the hatchability, higher doses being less effective than small doses. 3. In the majority of cases, female embryos were more sensitive to the effect of ENU then male. 4. The mortality after hatching was also affected by ENU; the chicks from treated eggs surviving without food better then controls. PMID- 7237197 TI - Some disturbances of cardiovascular system in experimental compression ischemia of the rabbit brain. PMID- 7237198 TI - Clinical trial--the minaxolone story. PMID- 7237199 TI - Exposure of operating room personnel to anaesthetic agents: an examination of the effectiveness of scavenging systems and the importance of maintenance programs. AB - Ten Alberta hospitals were monitored to assess the exposure of operating room personnel to nitrous oxide, halothane and enflurane during the average work day. Exposure to these agents in operating rooms without scavenging systems was determined to be well above the recommended guidelines. Contaminants were significantly lower in operating rooms with scavenging systems of either the wall suction type or the air-conditioning exhaust type. In the majority of studies, leakage points of anaesthetic gases were found throughout the anaesthesia systems. Where maintenance programs for the anaesthesia equipment were designed for the detection and elimination of leakage, contaminant levels were significantly lower than in those hospitals where the maintenance programs were concerned solely with proper equipment function as it relates to patient care. A regular, frequent maintenance program for all anaesthesia and scavenging systems designed to identify and correct leakage points is therefore recommended. We consider a nitrous oxide monitor to be the ideal tool for detection of leakage. PMID- 7237200 TI - A comparative evaluation of cimetidine and sodium citrate to decrease gastric acidity: effectiveness at the time of induction of anaesthesia. AB - Patients coming for elective surgery were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: control, cimetidine 300 mg orally two hours pre-operatively, or sodium citrate 0.3 M solution 30 ml orally, given as the patient was leaving the ward for the operating room. Each group consisted of 15 patients. This study reconfirms the average 26 per cent risk of significant aspiration in patients, coming for elective surgery, who have not received an agent intended to decrease gastric acidity or to decrease volume of gastric content. Sodium citrate is effective most of the time (87 per cent) in decreasing gastric acidity but is associated with a large mean volume (40.8 ml) of aspirate. From the results of this study cimetidine appears to be the preferable agent to use because it is completely effective in decreasing gastric acidity but does not increase the mean volume (17.0 ml) of the aspirate. Cimetidine appears to be an excellent agent to use as a preventative measure against aspiration during the induction of anaesthesia. Sodium citrate is a reasonable alternative if there is a contraindication to the use of cimetidine. However, these agents should be regarded only as adjuncts in the prevention of aspiration of gastric contents at the time of induction of anaesthesia. PMID- 7237201 TI - Cimetidine as a prophylactic against acid aspiration at tracheal extubation. AB - Gastric acidity was studied immediately after induction of balanced anaesthesia and again just before extubation of the trachea in 76 elective surgical patients. In 26 patients who were not given cimetidine before operation, the mean gastric [H+] at intubation was 2.6 x 10(-2) +/- 2.3 x 10(-2) mEq/l (pH 2.02 +/- 0.22) and was more than 3.16 x 10(-3) mEq/l (pH less than 2.5) in 53 per cent at extubation (mean [H+] 3.0 x 10(-2) +/- 2.2 x 10(-2) mEq/l; pH 1.83 +/- 0.22). In contrast, of those premedicated with intravenous cimetidine 45 minutes before tracheal intubation, none had a gastric [H+] more than 3.16 x 10(-3) mEq/l (pH less than 2.5) irrespective of the duration of the operation (15-180 minutes). However, of those patients receiving cimetidine 15 minutes before intubation, one-third failed to achieve a gastric [H+] less than 3.16 +/- 10(-3) mEq/l (pH greater than 2.5) at the time of extubation. Properly timed premedication with intravenous cimetidine will reduce the risk of acid-related pulmonary damage if aspiration occurs at the time of intubation or extubation. Repeated administration should be considered when the interval between premedication and extubation exceeds four hours. PMID- 7237202 TI - Anatomical dead space and airway resistance after glycopyrrolate or atropine premedication. AB - The effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate on anatomical dead space, one and three second forced expiratory volume, maximal expiratory flow rate, and total forced expiratory volume were determined in ten healthy volunteers. Using Fowler's single breath nitrogen analyzing technique, atropine was found to increase dead space by 19.2 per cent at one hour, declining to 11.02 per cent at four hours. Glycopyrrolate increased dead space by 21.57 per cent at one hour, 29.28 per cent at two hours, and 26.65 per cent at four hours. When compared to the effects of saline control injection, the dead space increases are significant. The difference between glycopyrrolate and atropine is significant only at four hours. Increases in maximal expiratory flow rate induced by atropine and glycopyrrolate were significant at one-half hour, while atropine alone induced a significant increase in one second forced expiratory volume. Three second forced expiratory volume and total forced expiratory volume were not significantly altered. PMID- 7237203 TI - Studies in fentanyl-supplemented anaesthesia: awareness and effect of naloxone on early post-operative recovery. AB - Ninety-nine unselected patients were given a standardized general anaesthetic with fentanyl 1.5 microgram . kg-1 every 30 minutes and were randomly divided into three equal groups; Group I patients received naloxone 0.1 mg. Group II naloxone 0.2 mg and Group III naloxone 0.4 mg intravenously at the end of the operation and after the reversal of neuromuscular blockade. After naloxone the level of consciousness lightened and the response to stimulus increased: the changes were significant in all three groups and the actual changes were significantly greater in Groups II and III compared with Group I. In the Recovery Room there was no significant difference among the Groups for shivering, nausea, vomiting or pain. The incidence of operative awareness was one per cent and that of dreaming eight per cent and this was unrelated to naloxone dosage. Patient acceptance was high, seven patients not wanting this type of anaesthesia again due to (a) light premedication (inherent in the study design), two patients; (b) nausea and vomiting, four patients; and (c) slow awakening, one patient. PMID- 7237205 TI - Anaesthesia technicians in Quebec: the background and the role. AB - Anaesthesia technicians are respiratory technologists who received their education in CEGEPs. Every respiratory technologist, when he finishes his course, is specially trained to become an anaesthesia technician. The tasks are delegated to anaesthesia technicians according to the task description of the anaesthetist. This specialist in the current practice must comply with the principles of the art of medicine: he makes a diagnosis by evaluating the risk of each patient who will be anaesthetised and by evaluating the patient's state along the course of anaesthesia and operation; then he decides on the treatment, i.e. he chooses the anaesthetic technique that is suitable for him and he modifies it during the operation according to the needs of the patient. In the diagnosis-treatment procedure, we find a part of decision and a part of execution. It is clear that the decision is reserved exclusively to the anaesthetist but the execution of certain tasks may be delegated to technicians. The task description for the anaesthesia technician has been developed in accordance with these principles and in accord with the new "Guide to Anaesthesia Practice" of the Corporation of Physicians of the Province of Quebec that does not agree with double booking of anaesthetists. Finally, we discuss employment of the technicians in the various operating rooms according to the variety of surgery that is done in each room and the work load that is generated. Experience with this organization has convinced us that the anaesthesia technicians, through their clinical and technical contribution, provide an infrastructure in a department of anaesthesia which permits smooth and efficient functioning of the department. It also relieves the anaesthetist of certain energy-consuming and time-consuming tasks. PMID- 7237204 TI - Anaesthetic problems associated with the treatment of cardiovascular disease: I. Digitalis toxicity. PMID- 7237206 TI - Incidence of concurrent systemic disease in the surgical population of a tertiary care hospital. AB - A retrospective analysis was made of the case records of 1568 surgical patients admitted in 1975 to a tertiary care hospital in the Province of Newfoundland, to determine and classify the incidence of concurrent systemic disease. Almost 60 percent of patients had symptoms or signs of concurrent disease, the numbers increasing progressively from below 30 per cent at 21-30 years, to 90 per cent at ages 71-80. The predominant abnormalities were cardiovascular (60 per cent), followed by respiratory and metabolic conditions (41 and 40 per cent respectively). Detailed findings are presented, including those relating to the incidence of ischaemic heart disease and hypertension, to the coexistence of several diseases, to smoking and chronic obstructive lung disease, to obesity, to diabetes, and to alcoholism. This review documents the high incidence of concurrent disease in surgical patients and has implications for the training of anaesthetists and the organization of their work. PMID- 7237207 TI - Epidural block for treatment of renal colic during pregnancy. AB - This report documents for the first time the application of continuous segmental epidural block (T11 to L2) to treat renal colic complicating pregnancy. The block was maintained for 16 hours and the pain did not recur. Advantages for the mother, and possibly for the foetus, are considered. The published experience of others using this technique in nonpregnant patients is reviewed. PMID- 7237208 TI - Difficult laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation due to calcified stylohyoid ligaments. AB - Two cases of difficult laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation caused by calcified stylohyoid ligaments are presented. Neither patient exhibited a skin crease over the hyoid bone. It is suggested that inability to lift up the epiglottis from the posterior pharyngeal wall be taken as a more useful sign of this condition than the presence of the skin crease. PMID- 7237209 TI - Horner's syndrome during epidural anaesthesia for elective caesarean section. AB - Twenty ml of three per cent chloroprocaine solution was injected into the lumbar epidural space of a parturient for anaesthesia for elective caesarean section. Ten minutes after injection of the anaesthetic, the patient developed Horner's syndrome on the left side. The anaesthetic level was C7 on the affected side. Thirty minutes after the bolus dose of chloroprocaine the signs disappeared, at which time the patient received a reinforcing dose of 10 ml of chloroprocaine three per cent. The Horner's complex reappeared in eight minutes and persisted for 20 minutes. While Horner's syndrome is not uncommon in women in labour receiving lumbar epidural anaesthesia, it is virtually unknown in patients who are not in labour. The mechanism for the appearance of the syndrome in this case is unclear. The most likely explanation is that only a small amount of local anaesthetic was necessary to produce the syndrome and the subsequent bolus of anaesthetic followed pathways opened by the original dose, since a much smaller amount of anaesthetic was necessary to reproduce the syndrome. PMID- 7237210 TI - Swan-Ganz catheter contamination: a protective sleeve for repositioning. AB - Valuable haemodynamic data can be derived from a properly positioned Swan-Ganz catheter. Unfortunately, a significant number of these catheters will, for one reason or another, become malpositioned. Withdrawing a catheter from a permanently wedged position presents little difficulty. Repositioning may, however, necessitate its advancement, with the attendant risk of bacterial contamination. We have solved this problem by making a protective sleeve from readily available latex drain and tubing, which fits securely over the haemostatic valve of a No. 8F Cordis introducer. Iodine solution is injected into the sleeve to provide a sterile environment for the Swan-Ganz catheter, which can then be repositioned as required without the risk of bacterial contamination, as verified by bacteriological studies. PMID- 7237211 TI - [Foreign body of the airways due to rupture of the tracheal tube cuff]. PMID- 7237212 TI - Bain circuit confusion? PMID- 7237213 TI - Molecular aspects of inhalational anaesthetic interaction with excitable and non excitable membranes. AB - The interaction of three volatile general anaesthetics (halothane, enflurane and methoxyflurane) with erythrocyte membranes at concentrations causing protection of intact erythrocytes against hypotonic lysis was investigated in the hope of deriving fundamental information regarding the membrane perturbational characteristics of these substances as compared with those of local anaesthetics studied previously. The volatile agents increased the susceptibility of membrane proteins and, to a somewhat lesser extent, of phospholipids to trinitrophenylation of picryl chloride or trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid but decreased the accessibility of membrane protein sulfhydryl groups to modification by 5,5'-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). These observations stood in marked contrast to our previous findings with local anaesthetics, in that these substances, when compared to general anaesthetics at concentrations producing equivalent erythrocyte stabilization, caused a greater enhancement of trinitrophenylation, largely restricted to the phospholipid component and an increased exposure of membrane sulfhydryl groups. Further evidence for alterations in membrane proteins produced by concentrations of volatile anaesthetics relevant to surgical anaesthesia was obtained from the observation that all three agents produced significant decreases in the activation energy of membrane-bound p-nitrophenylphosphatases. Preliminary experiments with brain synaptic membranes suggested that the structural and functional consequences of membrane-anaesthetic interaction in erythrocytes are relevant to the situation in excitable tissues. Our results indicate, therefore, that general and local anaesthetics cause distinctly different alterations in the properties of model membrane systems and this may reflect corresponding differences in the molecular mechanisms by which these groups of agents produce their anaesthetic actions. PMID- 7237214 TI - Evaluation of the effect of pentobarbitone anaesthesia on the plasma potassium concentration in the rabbit and the dog. AB - The purpose of these studies was to determine the reasons for the hypokalaemia observed in rabbits studied in our laboratory. The rabbits consumed standard rabbit chow which is rich in potassium and remained in potassium balance. Hypokalaemia was only observed following anaesthesia. A number of additional investigations were undertaken to clarify the mechanisms involved. The hypokalaemia could not be attributed to technical factors, alkalaemia, hyperinsulinaemia or hyperaldosteronism, but seemed to be a function of anaesthesia. This effect of pentobarbitone anaesthesia was not unique to the rabbit, as similar changes also occurred in the anaesthetized dog. The findings reported in this paper have significant implications with respect to the interpretation of plasma potassium concentrations in anaesthetized subjects or animals. PMID- 7237215 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid cyanide after nitroprusside infusion in man. AB - Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is frequently used as an hypotensive agent for clipping of intracranial aneurysms, repair of arteriovenous malformations and resection of vascular tumours. Cyanide (CN), which is its main metabolic product, has been recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the rat after intravenous administration of CN, but recovery of CN from CSF after SNP has not been reported in man. Seven consenting adults were studied. Adequate premedication was provided with pentobarbitone 2 mg x kg-1 and atropine 0.4 mg one hour before operation. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone 8 mg x kg-1 and maintained with nitrous oxide 60 per cent with oxygen and supplemental fentanyl 0.05 mg and pancuronium 0.5-1 mg as needed. Lumbar subarachnoid, radial artery, central venous, and Foley urinary catheters were inserted. Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) was maintained between 4.6-5.32 kPa (35-40 torr) with an Air Shields ventilator. Red cell, plasma and CSF cyanide were measured using a digital ionanalyzer before and at 30 minutes interval after infusing SNP at a rate sufficient to maintain the blood pressure at two thirds of the pre operative level. Average total dose of SNP was 0.51 mg x kg-1. CN concentration in the red blood cells increased from 9.5 +/- 2.05 to 75.12 +/- 17.12. Plasma CN increased from 0.54 +/- 0.05 to 1.09 +/- 0.14 micrograms per cent. CSF CN increased from 0.11 +/- 0.04 to 0.72 +/- 0.07 micrograms per cent. Significant increase in red cell, plasma and CSF CN occurred five minutes after the start of SNP and returned to the preoperative level 19 hours later. Conclusion CN crosses the blood-brain barrier. Large doses of SNP in patients with neurovascular brain disorders warrants caution because cytotoxic cerebral oedema and CN encephalopathy have been described in rats after intravenous injection of sodium cyanide or exposure to hydrogen cyanide. PMID- 7237216 TI - Influence of anaesthesia and surgery on neutrophil chemotaxis. AB - Chemotactic migration of leucocytes is one of the earliest and essential events among the host defense mechanisms against infection. Therefore, the influence of anaesthesia and surgery on leucocyte chemotaxis was investigated in patients requiring elective surgery. The chemotactic migration of peripheral blood leucocytes was measured by a modification of Boyden's method immediately before and after operation and on the second and third postoperative days. In addition, the influence of exposure to different molar concentrations of thiopentone on chemotactic migration was investigated in vitro. A statistically significant inhibition of leucocyte chemotactic migration was observed in the immediate postoperative period. (P less than 0.05). However, this inhibition was of short duration and chemotactic activity returned to normal on the day after operation under general anaesthesia. Exposure to thiopentone produced a significant and dose dependent inhibition of chemotactic migration in vitro. It is concluded that surgery under general anaesthesia and exposure to thiopentone in vitro produce a significant though reversible inhibition of chemotactic migration of leucocytes. PMID- 7237217 TI - Effect of halothane on myocardial infarct size in rats. AB - The effect of halothane on myocardial infarction caused by ligation of the left descending coronary artery was studied in rats. The extent of infarction was quantified 48 hours after ligation of the artery by planimetric measurement of left ventricular slices stained with nitrobluetetrazolium. Animals exposed to halothane one per cent for three hours after the coronary ligation were compared with a control group which received halothane for only 5-7 minutes during surgery. It was found that halothane caused a small increase in infarction size (31.3 +/- 1.5 per cent of the left ventricle compared to 25.7 +/- 2.3 per cent, p less than 0.05). This effect was accompanied by a decrease in systolic blood pressure (91 +/- 2 mmHg compared to 113 +/- 3 mmHg, p less than 0.001). Heart rate did not change significantly. Analysis of our results in comparison to previously reported data on the effect of halothane on myocardial ischaemia in different experimental conditions shows that halothane may produce beneficial as well as detrimental effect on ischaemic injury to the myocardium. The latter can result when the drug causes marked hypotension in the absence of a significant decrease in heart rate. PMID- 7237218 TI - [Comparison of the effects of acute respiratory acidosis and acute metabolic acidosis on the jaw-opening reflex in the anesthetized dog]. AB - A few effects of carbon dioxide on pain threshold and acid-base balance are known. The purpose of this study was to investigate specifically the variations of analgesia in relation to hypercapnia during general anaesthesia and the respective roles played by carbon dioxide and [H+]. The nociceptive jaw opening reflex was studied on five beagle dogs anaesthetized with alfathesin administered at constant rate under acute hypercapnic conditions and acute metabolic acidosis. Acute hypercapnia did not decrease the jaw opening reflex significantly until a level was reached where PaCO2 values modified blood [H+] (pH) significantly (10 +/- 1.04 kPa corresponding to [H+] 91.5 +/- 13.24 nmol/l (pH 7.04 +/- 0.06) p less than 0.05)). At [H+] 176.2 +/- 42.77 nmol/l (pH 6.7 +/- 0.13) (p less than 0.01) the reflex was only 9.3 +/- 3.9 per cent (p less than 0.001) of its initial value. The infusion of decinormal solution of HCl during constant capnia caused an abrupt drop of the reflex. There was a correlation between reflex and metabolic acidosis (p less than 0.05). The authors conclude that modification of the jaw opening reflex occurs with extreme values of arterial [H+] incompatible with safe anaesthesia and they discuss the mechanisms involved. PMID- 7237219 TI - The influence of thiopentone and alfathesin on succinylcholine-induced fasciculations and myalgias. AB - Thiopentone doses corresponding to 5.238 mg x kg-1, that is 2UD95 (UD95:unconsciousness dose 95) inhibit the intensity of succinylcholine-induced fasciculations compared with UD95. Alfathesin doses corresponding to 0.570 mg x kg-1, also 2UD95 (calculated as alphaxalone at a concentration of 9 mg/ml in alfathesin), do not have any greater effect on the degree of fasciculations compared to UD95. Furthermore, neither induction agent influences the incidence, distribution and duration of succinylcholine-induced myalgias. The inhibition of the degree of fasciculations caused by thiopentone is believed to be a consequence of a postsynaptic depressant effect of thiopentone at the neuromuscular junction. The evaluation of the degree of succinylcholine-induced fasciculations must take into consideration the dose of thiopentone administered at induction of anaesthesia. PMID- 7237220 TI - Effect of low dose droperidol on postoperative vomiting in children. AB - This double-blind study assessed the effect of low dose droperidol (0.005 mg x kg 1) on the incidence of postoperative vomiting in 200 children in ASA classification I and II, ranging from one to 15 years of age. The results showed that the dose of droperidol used in this study was very effective in reducing vomiting in children 11 to 15 years of age. The duration of stay in the post anaesthetic care unit was not prolonged and no extrapyramidal symptoms related to the drug were observed. In our opinion the administration of droperidol 0.005 mg x kg-1 before the end of the operation will reduce the possibility of vomiting within 24 hours of operation in children in 11-15 year age group who are expected to have a high incidence of postoperative vomiting. PMID- 7237221 TI - Comparison between a clinical short-cut method and a precise laboratory estimation of intrapulmonary shunt and A-aDO2. AB - This study shows the application to 20 patients of a very simple formula to estimate A-aDO2 and intrapulmonary shunt, from data commonly available in patients with oxygenation disorders. The values obtained by the "clinical short cut" method and the more sophisticated one are in statistically significant correlation. PMID- 7237222 TI - Autonomic hyperreflexia during upper extremity surgery. AB - A case is presented of autonomic hyperreflexia in a quadriplegic patient occurring during upper extremity surgery. Tourniquet ischaemia is proposed as the likely causative stimulus. An understanding of the afferent neural pathways involved in this physiological response may be useful in better understanding the subjective phenomena of tourniquet pain in neurologically intact individuals. PMID- 7237224 TI - Excessive requirement for heparin during cardiac surgery. AB - A case of excessive heparin requirement during cardiopulmonary bypass is reported. A patient with sepsis secondary to a myocardial abscess require 13.5 mg x kg-1 of heparin to increase his activated coagulation time to a therapeutic level. This phenomenon might be due to individual variability, lupus vasculitis, septicaemia, repeated thromboembolic phenomenon with hypercoagulable state, or chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation with partial antithrombin deficiency. PMID- 7237223 TI - Pulmonary embolism during anaesthesia: case report. PMID- 7237225 TI - Hemiplegia and retrobulbar neuritis after subarachnoid block. AB - A 25 year old man was given a subarachnoid anaesthetic for repair of hydrocele. He developed left-sided hemiplegia and retrobulbar neuritis three hours after the procedure. He recovered 45 days later after steroid therapy. There was some residual neurological deficit. The differential diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 7237227 TI - Cyanide antagonist. PMID- 7237226 TI - Prone tracheal intubation simplified using an airway intubator. AB - A new device which can be used as an oral airway or as an aid for blind oral intubation of the trachea is described. A case report describing the use of the device during intubation of a patient in the prone position is presented. PMID- 7237228 TI - Recovery of nucleotide levels after cell injury. AB - The major pathway of purine catabolism in mouse kidney during ischemia occurs through IMP, inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine. Short periods of ischemia (reversible cell injury) allow a rapid return of the energy charge to control values and a rapid return of ATP and GTP to value of 60-70% of control. ATP and GTP then slowly return to control levels over the next 24 h. Long periods of ischemia (irreversible cell injury; ischemic times longer than 1 h) allow a gradual return of the energy charge to control levels. ATP, GTP or total adenine or guanine nucleotides do not return to control levels even after 24 h of reinfusion under these circumstances. We conclude that irreversibly injured kidney cells retain the ability to phosphorylate purine nucleotides, but lose the ability to restore the concentrations of the purine nucleotides to control values. PMID- 7237229 TI - Decreased protein synthesis in rats during a single short-term immobilization. PMID- 7237231 TI - Isolation and genetic analysis of MMS-sensitive mus mutants of neurospora. AB - With the aim of obtaining mutants that affect DNA repair or recombination, mutants sensitive to methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) have been isolated in the ascomycete Neurospora crassa. Seven of these mutants were backcrossed repeatedly to produce isogenic strains for measurements of relative mutagen sensitivities and for analysis of recombination frequencies. The new mus (mutagen sensitives) were compared to four previously known radiation-sensitive mutants which were shown to be cross-sensitive to MMS. Tests for allelism assigned the mus mutants to five new genes, mus-7 to mus-11, each mapping in a different linkage group. In homozygous crosses all mutants were sterile, except the two alleles of gene mus 10 which occasionally produced some viable ascospores. Complementation tests on MMS-media identified double mutant strains from many intercrosses. Such strains can be used for analysis of interactions between mutant alleles from different genes and of possible epistatic groupings for repair-deficient mutants in Neurospora. Four of these double mutant strains, all containing mus-8 and previously known mutants, were checked for survival on MMS media and their sensitivities were compared to those of their parental single mutant strains. Results indicate that mus-8 may be epistatic to uvs-2 which is deficient in excision repair, but not to mutants like uvs-3 that appear to be deficient in error-prone repair. PMID- 7237230 TI - L-phenylalanine induced changes of sulfhydryl reactivity in rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase. AB - Reactivity of sulfhydryl groups in rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase toward 5,5' dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) was studied in the presence of activating divalent metal ions, substrate, substrate analogue, and the allosteric inhibitor, L-Phe. The pattern of sulfhydryl modification in various complexes of pyruvate kinase was consistent with the extent of enzyme inactivation by DTNB under very similar conditions. The sulfhydryl reactivity of Mg(II)-, Co(II)-, and Mn(II) substituted pyruvate kinase toward DTNB depended upon the nature of the activating divalent metal ions used in the following order of increasing potency, Mg(II) less than Mn(II) less than Co(II), which is inversely related to the order of catalytic efficiency of these metal ions at alkaline pH. Similar optical spectra and the patterns of sulfhydryl modification by DTNB of the metal derivatives of pyruvate kinase were observed upon the binding of the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), or the substrate analogue, phosphoglycolate, which also provided a complete protection against enzyme inactivation by DTNB. L-PHe, on eht other hand, deprotected the enzyme from inactivation and further sulfhydryl modification by DTNB in the presence of PEP with the following order of potency depending upon the activating metal ions, Mn(II) less than Co(II) less than Mg(II), which parallels the order of metal dependency of L-Phe inhibition of this enzyme. L-Ala, which reverses the L-Phe inhibition of Mg(II)- or Co(II) activated enzyme, restored the protective effect of PEP in the presence of L-Phe. The different patterns of sulfhydryl reactivity toward Mn(II)-enzyme (hyperbolic) and Mg(II)-enzyme (sigmoidal) correspond well with their kinetic patterns in the presence of L-Phe, indicating the presence of different conformational states between these two metal-enzyme complexes. These results led us to conclude that enzyme sulfhydryl reactivity toward DTNB can be used as a valid index for allosteric conformational changes of rabbit muscles pyruvate kinase. PMID- 7237232 TI - Chromosomal analysis of 159 bovine embryos collected 12 to 18 days after estrus. AB - One hundred and fifty-nine embryos were analysed in conjunction with embryo transfer studies. Chromosome preparations were made from small biopsy fragments of trophoblast, from large portions of trophoblast and the inner cell mass, or from the entire embryo. Results obtained from fragments were similar to those obtained from large portions of trophoblast and inner cell mass. No structural chromosomal abnormalities were observed. Single triploid, diploid-triploid and diploid-hexaploid and 66 diploid-tetraploid embryos were found. The 41.5% incidence of diploid-tetraploid embryos was relatively high, and appeared to be associated with a donor factor. The transfer of 49 biopsied and analysed embryos to recipients resulted in 15 pregnancies, seven with diploid-tetraploid embryos having up to 25% of polyploid cells. The diploid-triploid and diploid-hexaploid embryos were among the transfers that did not result in pregnancy. The low incidence of embryos with chromosomal abnormalities, excluding the diploid tetraploid embryos, may have been due to the embryos being analysed at 12 to 18 days of age rather than at an earlier age before death or degeneration could have occurred. PMID- 7237233 TI - Genetics society of Canada award of excellence lecture. The genetics of common familial disorders--major genes or multifactorial? AB - The common familial disorders were, until recently, neglected by geneticists because their familial distributions did not neatly fit the Mendelian mold, and no specific genes could be identified. The multifactorial-threshold model made the familial characteristics of these disorders more intelligible. Although it originally postulated a polygenic genetic component the model can also accommodate one or more major genes with low penetrance. The resulting upsurge of interest has led to (1) the development of increasingly sophisticated mathematical models from which to calculate recurrence risks for specific family situations and (2) the identification of specific predisposing genes in a number of such disorders. One of the corollaries of the model is that any pharmacological agent at therapeutic doses is likely to be teratogenic to at least some embryos, so that regulation should be in terms of "acceptably low" levels of teratogenicity rather than "safety". PMID- 7237235 TI - Preliminary evidence of genetic control of sex chromosomal synapsis in the mouse. AB - Highly inbred strains of mice have contrasting means and low ranges for the trait of gonosomal univalency at diakinesis-metaphase I. Randomly bred and mixed strains have wider ranges. The inbred strain DBA/2J has a high mean, and this character is evidently transmitted through the male parent. This material may provide a valuable model for study of genetic control of XY pairing. PMID- 7237234 TI - The karyotype of Echinococcus multilocularis (Cestoda: Taeniidae). AB - The chromosomes of Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 have been described, based on components of cells from the adult stage and the larval stage of the cestode. Chromosomal complements of 2n = 18, n = 9 were confirmed. The fundamental number of chromosomal arms were 24. Karyograms are presented, in which the 18 elements are grouped according to arm-ratios and size. An idiogram of G-bands is included. PMID- 7237236 TI - Ag-NORs variation and banding homologies in two species of Bovidae: Bubalus bubalis and Bos taurus. AB - G,Q and R-binding pattern comparisons between the Murrah type of Bubalus bubalis L. (2n - 50) and the Holstein Friesian breed of Bos taurus L. (2n = 60) chromosomes revealed that the autosomes are similar in both species; in the former, the five pairs of submetacentrics correspond to centric fusions of chromosomes 1-29, 2-22, 8-19, 5-28 and 16-25 in the latter. Silver staining on somatic cells of buffalo revealed telomeric AG-NORs located on six pairs of autosomes, identified as 3p, 4p, 8, 21, 23 and 24. Only one pair of nucleolus organizer chromosomes is common to both species, namely the 4p of buffalo which corresponds to the 28 of cattle. The remaining NORs are located on different pairs. Out of 18 individuals, the number of Ag-NORs per cell varied between 3 and 10, with a mean value of 6.3 +/- 1.7; the mean number of nucleolar associations per cell was between 0.1 and 1.8. In the total population of 317 cells the two variables followed the binomial and the Poisson distributions, respectively, and their correlation coefficient was not statistically significant (r = +0.36). In addition to the mean number of Ag-NORs, the mean number of nucleolar associations per cell should be used for a better understanding of the differences among individuals. PMID- 7237237 TI - Tissue and subcellular distribution and excretion of 3-[14C]methylindole in rabbits after intratracheal infusion. AB - The tissue and subcellular distribution and urinary excretion pattern of radioactivity in rabbits after intratracheal administration of a 14C-labeled pulmonary toxin, 3-methylindole (3MI), was studied. Approximately 40% of the administered radioactivity appeared in the urine within 1 h but none of the radioactivity in the urine was 3MI. The lung had a higher concentration of radioactivity than the liver. Other tissues with significant radioactivity were bile, fat, kidney, and plasma. Liver had the highest total content of radioactivity due to the size of the organ. More than 80% of the total radioactivity per gram of tissue was concentrated in the nuclear and microsomal fractions of lung whereas the soluble cell fraction of liver and kidney contained approximately 60% of the radioactivity. The mitochondrial fraction in lung, liver, and kidney was consistently low in radioactivity. The lung contained significantly more residual radioactivity 4 h after dosing compared with other tissues and the elevated radioactivity persisted for 3 days. The study indicated that [14C]3MI is rapidly absorbed from the lung tissue and metabolized by the animal before being excreted in the urine. The accumulation of radioactivity in lung microsomes may be related to the metabolism of 3MI. PMID- 7237238 TI - The negative inotropic potency of compound D 600 in rat, guinea pig, and rabbit cardiac preparations. AB - The negative inotropic effect of compound D was examined in isolated cardiac preparations from several species. Based upon calculated pD2 values, D 600 was most potent in rabbit papillary muscles (pD2 = 7.54), similar or less potent in guinea pig left atria (pD2 = 6.92) and papillary muscles (pD2 = 6.84), and least potent in rat left atria (pD2 = 6.06) and papillary muscles (pD2 = 5.62). Force frequency curves for rat cardiac tissues were displaced downward in a parallel manner by D 600 whereas for guinea pig and rabbit cardiac tissues D 600 produced greater negative inotropic effects at higher stimulation frequencies. These results suggest that the rat heart is the least dependent of the three species on extracellular calcium for contraction and that guinea pig and rabbit hearts are more dependent on extracellular calcium. The data further suggest that there is an increased dependence on extracellular calcium as heart rate increases in both the rabbit and guinea pig. PMID- 7237240 TI - Evidence against noradrenergic regulation of vasodilation in rat brown adipose tissue. AB - In vivo activation of calorigenesis in rat brown adipose tissue (BAT), whether mediated by noradrenaline (NA) released at sympathetic nerve terminals in BAT during cold exposure or by systemically infused NA, is associated with large increases in blood flow (Q) to satisfy the tissue's O2 requirements. The calorigenic response of BAT to infused NA is a direct function of the steady state concentration of plasma NA attained during infusion. Whether or not the vasodilation necessary for the calorigenic response is also regulated by NA was examined by determining with NA-infused, cold-acclimated rats the effects on calorigenic response and QBAT of artificially changing the concentration of O2 in arterial blood (AO2) by hemodilution, hemoconcentration, or lowering O2 in inspired air. These treatments resulted in marked increases or decreases in QBAT without corresponding changes in the rats' calorigenic response to the NA, in the O2 consumption of interscapular BAT, or in the concentration of plasma NA. Yet the very low QBAT of saline-infused rats was not significantly altered by lowering AO2. Thus QBAT was directly regulated neither by the concentration of NA acting of the tissue nor by AO2, but was adjusted to meet (in only slight excess) the tissue's O2 requirements. This suggests that vasodilation during calorigenesis in BAT is regulated by some as yet unidentified substance, the production of which is linked to the O2 requirements of the adipocytes as perhaps sensed through intracellular PO2. If so, there arises the question of the function of the extensive, vascular, adrenergic innervation of BAT. PMID- 7237239 TI - Use of a specific mesenteric vasodilator peptide, urotensin I, to reduce afterload in the dog. AB - The authors have previously demonstrated that urotensin I, a peptide derived from the urophysis of bony fish, reduced arterial blood pressure of anesthetized dogs by selective dilation of the mesenteric vascular bed. In the present experiments, intravenous infusions of urotensin I produced a sustained increase in cardiac output and decrease in peripheral resistance. The magnitude of the hypotensive response and of reflex effects on the heart appeared to be limited quantitatively by the unique mechanism of action. Coronary artery flow was maintained in spite of a decrease in coronary filling pressure, presumably as a consequence of coronary autoregulation and the increased cardiac output. No direct cardiac effects were observed on close-arterial injection into a coronary artery. An agent with these characteristics which will decrease left ventricle afterload is of interest in the management of myocardial failure and possibly of cardiogenic shock. In dogs in which minimal myocardial injury was produced by injection of thrombin into a coronary artery, intravenous infusions of urotensin I restored minimal but statistically significant elevations in right and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures to preinsult levels. PMID- 7237241 TI - Calcium and monoamine regulation: role of vitamin D nutrition. AB - The mechanism of vitamin D participation in the processes of monoamine regulation was studied. Central and peripheral endogenous norepinephrine levels were compared in vitamin D deficient rats, in preventative vitamin D3 (1 IU/day) administered rats, and in lactose (20% of the diet) administered rats, lactose being known to increase intestinal absorption of calcium. Vitamin D deficiency resulted in a significant decrease in endogenous norepinephrine. The decrease was of variable magnitude according to the considered organs. The adrenal dopamine level was also less in vitamin D deficient rats than in rats given vitamin D in preventive treatment. However, it remained in the brain. In the absence of vitamin D dietary lactose restored blood calcium and endogenous norepinephrine levels in all the tissues, except in the liver. It appears that the decrease in norepinephrine storage in vitamin D deficient rats resulted from a lack of calcium rather than from the absence of vitamin D. PMID- 7237242 TI - The role of melatonin and dopamine in retinal physiology. AB - The effect of melatonin treatment on the development of retinal damage induced by continuous high intensity illumination (CHII) was investigated. Melatonin-treated rats developed more severe impairment of retinal structures compared with controls. In a similar study rats treated with bromocriptine, a potent stimulator of dopamine receptors, developed far less damage in their retinas during and after CHII compared with nontreated animals. Bromocriptine also increased the survival of retinas in rats with hereditary retinal degeneration (RCS strain). PMID- 7237243 TI - Human pancreatic polypeptide: studies of fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations. AB - Circulating human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) was studied in 16 human subjects during two 24-h test periods, one fasting and another eating meals at 0830, 1230, and 1730. In six subjects the tests were repeated with propantheline administration. Blood was sampled every 30 min; additional blood samples were drawn 15 and 45 min postprandially. Mean HPP concentrations increased gradually during the day in 13 out of 16 fasting subjects, reaching an average peak at 2100. By 0200 mean HPP concentrations returned to initial fasting concentration. Propantheline eliminated this circadian rhythm. Biphasic plasma HPP responses were recorded after each of the three meals during the test. Calculation of integrated HPP outputs revealed similar outputs to the three meals; the percentage contribution of the first release phase increased with successive meals. Propantheline caused a 60% decrease in integrated HPP outputs. The first release phase was practically absent after the 0830 meal; however, distinct biphasic responses were present after the 1230 and 1730 meals. These studies demonstrate that fasting plasma HPP displays a cholinergic-dependent circadian rhythm, that postprandial plasma HPP responses are quantitatively similar throughout the day, and that different cholinergic activities are involved in the maintenance of these fasting and postprandial plasma HPP patterns. PMID- 7237244 TI - The concentrations of ionic and total calcium in plasma of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - The levels of ionic calcium in whole blood obtained from male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were slightly decreased compared with normotensive animals during the early stages of blood pressure elevation and in older (28-32 weeks) animals with established hypertension. During these intervals the total calcium concentrations of plasma were not significantly different although the ratios of ionic to total calcium were similar between SHR and control groups. In contrast with male and female SHR showed ionic calcium levels similar to normotensive control rats whereas total calcium concentrations in plasma increased with age and blood pressure elevation. The addition of calcium to plasma in 4- to 5-week-old SHR and normotensive rats revealed a buffering action in terms of the elevation in ionic calcium concentrations. The buffering capacity of plasma from normotensive animals did not change markedly but appeared to be greatly reduced in SHR by 17-25 weeks of age. Similarly, significant elevations in ionic calcium but not total calcium were observed following the injection of calcium in SHR compared with normotensive controls. The minor reductions in ionic calcium levels in blood seen in male SHR and the lowered ionic:total calcium ratios in female SHR may indicate enhanced binding or complexing of exogenous calcium. In view of these findings, the apparent reduction in in vitro and in vivo binding or complexing of exogenous calcium may reflect a decreased availability of sites for association with the calcium ion. The poor correlation between changes in blood pressure and ionic calcium suggested, however, that the disturbance in ionic or total calcium levels of plasma was not a primary causal factor in the development of hypertension. PMID- 7237245 TI - Histaminergic H1 and H2 excitatory receptors in the guinea pig uterus and taenia coli. AB - Histamine, 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine (PEA), a specific H1 receptor agonist, and 4 methylhistamine (4-MH), a specific H2 receptor agonist, produced a dose-dependent contraction of estrogen-primed guinea pig uterus and taenia coli. Mepyramine (10( 7) M), a specific H1 receptor antagonist, competitively blocked the responses to histamine and PEA in both the preparations. Metiamide (10(-6) M), a specific H2 receptor antagonist, inhibited the responses to histamine and 4-MH in the guinea pig uterus and taenia coli. Our data suggest the presence of both H1 and H2 receptors in the guinea pig uterus and taenia coli. Both receptors appear to be excitatory in nature. PMID- 7237246 TI - The load clamp analysis of mammalian heart contraction in the presence of noradrenaline. AB - In experiments on isolated guinea pig papillary muscles superfused by Tyrode's solution the effects of abrupt alterations in load on length transients were investigated in controls and the presence of noradrenaline (2 mg/L) at 25 +/- 2 degrees C. In controls short load clamps (50 ms, 0.6 g) had no effect on the isotonic contraction if they were imposed in the fast shortening phase but accelerated relaxation when applied at the later phases of the contractile response. The timing of this stretch intervention determined the effect of the load clamps on length transients. The load clamp analysis revealed two components after the addition of noradrenaline even if splitting was absent on the contraction curve. The amplitude of the first component increased by 81 +/- 22% (n = 9) when the stimulation frequency was raised from 0.1 to 1.0 Hz; its time to peak tension did not change and was equal to 169 +/- 6ms(n = 12). The second component did not change between 0.1 and 0.5 Hz but significantly decreased to 19 +/- 10% (n = 4) at stimulation frequency 1.0 Hz; its time to peak tension correlated with action potential duration (r = 0.98) and decreased from 518 +/- 12 ms at 0.1 Hz to 314 +/- 20 ms at 1.0 Hz (n = 12). It was concluded that the first component is induced by calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum and the second one is determined by the action potential duration. PMID- 7237247 TI - Effects of morphine and caffeine on adenosine release from rat cerebral cortex: is caffeine a morphine antagonist. AB - Morphine (1 mg/kg) enhances the efflux of labelled adenosine and its derivatives from the rat cerebral cortex. Caffeine (40 mg/kg) does not alter either basal purine efflux rates or the enhanced efflux elicited by morphine. The antagonism by caffeine of morphine-evoked inhibition of acetylcholine (ACh) release from the cerebral cortex is unlikely therefore to the the result of an action of caffeine on the opiate receptor but is instead due to an antagonism of the inhibitory effect of released adenosine on ACh release. PMID- 7237248 TI - Renal transport of phosphate: role of alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 7237249 TI - Effect of hemorrhage on fever: the putative role of vasopressin. AB - The effects of hemorrhage on the febrile response of the sheep was examined because hemorrhage is a potent stimulant for arginine vasopressin (AVP) release into cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Removal of 20% of the estimated blood volume of the conscious sheep led to small physiologic changes and significantly decreased fevers in response to bacterial endotoxin. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased in hemorrhaged febrile sheep to a significantly greater extent than in nonhemorrhaged febrile sheep. AVP levels were considerably greater in the blood of hemorrhaged febrile sheep than in nonhemorrhaged febrile sheep and the concentrations correlated with the magnitude of the decrease in fever. Sheep hemorrhaged in the cold had changes in body temperature similar to control sheep. These experiments support the hypothesis that AVP may be an antipyretic neuromodulator. PMID- 7237250 TI - Placental transfer of indomethacin in the rabbit and sheep. AB - The placental transfer of indomethacin was studied in the rabbit at 30 days of gestation and in the sheep between 120 and 135 days of gestation. Plasma concentrations of indomethacin reached a maximum of 13.7 +/- 1.6 and 10.9 +/- 1.5 microgram/mL in the doe and fetuses, respectively, at 1 h following a maternal subcutaneous injection of 10.0 mg/kg. The maternal plasma concentration of drug decreased rapidly but the fetal plasma concentration of drug remained elevated and exceeded that of the doe before decreasing. Indomethacin became detectable in the amniotic fluid after 2 h, reached a maximum of 3.2 +/- 0.8 microgram/mL at 4 h, and the gradually decreased. The intravenous infusion of 10.0 mg of indomethacin per kilogram over 30 min into a pregnant ewe resulted in a maximal plasma concentration of 13.5 +/- 0.7 microgram/mL in the ewe and 0.6 +/- 0.1 microgram/mL in the fetus at the termination of the infusion. The concentration of indomethacin in the amniotic fluid increased to a maximum of 3.5 +/- 0.5 microgram/mL 150 min after the infusion stopped. There was an increase in the percentage of drug bound by the fetal plasma proteins as gestation advanced. Thus, there exists the possibility that the fetus would be exposed to increasing amounts of indomethacin as term approached. PMID- 7237251 TI - Release of noradrenaline from the rat tail artery induced by inhibition of the sodium pump in calcium-free solution. AB - The release of noradrenaline from the isolated rat tail artery into Ca2+- and K free, 1 mM ouabain containing solution was measured by means of radioenzymatic method. The rate of noradrenaline release increased gradually reaching a maximum of measured by means of radioenzymatic method. The rate of noradrenaline release increased gradually reaching a maximum of ca. 2.30 nmol.g-1.h-1 after 100 min. The enhancement of noradrenaline release could be inhibited by cocaine and phenoxybenzamine but not by desipramine. The rate of noradrenaline release could be approximately doubled by prior inhibition of monoamine oxidase with pargyline. The release was accompanied by a decline in the proportion of storage vesicles containing an electron-dense core. These observations indicate that, in the absence of external Ca2+, inhibition of the sodium pump causes nonexocytotic release of endogenous noradrenaline. PMID- 7237252 TI - Brown adipose tissue and carnitine in cold-adapted rats. AB - Cold-adapted (CA) and warm-adapted (WA) rats (5 and 28 degrees C) were infused with noradrenaline (4 microgram.kg-1.min-1) for 15 min. Blood was collected from Sulzer's vein coming from brown adipose tissue and analyzed for total carnitine, free carnitine, and beta-hydroxybutyrate content, before and up to 45 min after the infusion. Acylcarnitine (total minus free carnitine) levels increased more and total carnitine levels decreased more in the CA group than in the WA group. beta-Hydroxybutyrate content increased to the same extent (from about 0.16 to 0.8 mM) in both groups. Brown fat was found not to release carnitine into the circulation after NA infusion. Twenty minutes after the end of the infusion brown fat retained both ketones and acylcarnitine in the CA rats only. PMID- 7237254 TI - Influence of temperature and external Ca2+ concentration upon dantrolene action on excitation-contraction coupling in frog skeletal muscle. AB - Effects of dantrolene (DAN) on electrical and mechanical responses in frog skeletal muscle were studied at various Ca2+ concentrations and temperatures to elucidate the mechanism of action of DAN. The following results were obtained. (a) Twitch tension of a DAN-injected fiber, elicited by intracellular stimulation, increased transiently and then decreased whereas extracellular DAN always depressed the tension. (b) Lowering the external Ca2+ concentration resulted in the potentiation of twitch tension. The addition of DAN, however, reduced the tension significantly (p less than 0.05). (c) Extracellular DAN caused a transient reduction and subsequent elevation of the threshold current; however intracellular DAN caused only elevation of threshold. (d) DAN prevented the slow depolarization of the membrane in low Ca2+ medium. (e) These effects of the drug were temperature dependent, the effect being more pronounced at higher temperatures. These findings suggest that DAN may manifest its effects by replacement of Ca2+ from its binding sites on the membrane and that this occupation of the Ca2+ sites by DAN is temperature dependent. PMID- 7237253 TI - The effect of starvation on obese mice. AB - Plasma level of total and acylcarnitine and the activities of carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (PCT) in liver and CAT in brown fat were determined in young obese (ob/ob) mice and their littermates during starvation. Plasma levels of acylcarnitine and beta-hydroxybutyrate rose equally in both groups. Total carnitine levels, however, decreased in lean and rose in obese animals. Hepatic PCT and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activities rose more in lean than obese mice and brown fat CAT activity decreased in the obese group. Fatty acid synthetase activity decreased equally in the liver in obese mice and their lean littermates. PMID- 7237256 TI - Ionic composition (Na+, K+, Ca+2, and Mg2+) of cerebrospinal fluid and feeding behavior in sheep. AB - Concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid from the lateral ventricles of hungry and satiated sheep. The concentrations of those ions and the ratios between them varied little before and after a meal. Concentrations were, in milliequivalents per litre: Na+, 156.6 +/- 1.5; K+, 2.94 +/- 0.02; Ca2+, 2.37 +/- 0.04; and Mg2+, 2.18 +/- 0.03. PMID- 7237255 TI - Structure-activity study of kinins in vascular smooth muscles. AB - To explore further relations between the chemical structure and the biological activities of kinins, a series of bradykinin fragments and analogues was prepared by the solid-phase method. Bradykinin and kallidin were also extended at the C- or the N-terminal end by the addition of one or more residues in order to evaluate the importance of peptide chain length and of additional positive charges at the N-terminal end for the biological activity. After purification by cation-exchange chromatography and gel filtration, the compounds were characterized by thin-layer chromatography, paper electrophoresis, elemental analyses, and amino acid analyses. All compounds were tested on three vascular preparations (the dog common carotid artery, the rabbit jugular vein, and the guinea pig anterior mesenteric vein) in order to measure their relative potencies as relaxant (on the dog common carotid artery) or as stimulant (the two veins) of vascular smooth muscles. The compounds were also tested on the cat terminal ileum and the rabbit aorta for comparison. The results reported in this paper indicate that all new analogues of bradykinin as well as some fragments and analogues described before by us and by other workers are full agonists in the three vascular preparations. No partial agonists or antagonists have been identified. The order of potency of the various kinin analogues is similar in the three vascular preparations and follows the same pattern as that found in the cat terminal ileum. It is therefore concluded that (a) the three vascular preparations utilized in the present experiment possess a B2 receptor type that appears to be similar to that of the cat terminal ileum and of the rat uterus described before and (b) receptors of the B2 type are able to mediate both the inhibitory and the excitatory actions of kinins in vascular smooth muscles. PMID- 7237257 TI - High-affinity uptake of choline in slices of rat cerebral cortex: effects of antidepressant and anticholinergic drugs. AB - The high-affinity uptake of choline by rat cerebral cortical slices was inhibited by high concentrations (10-100 microM) of the tricyclic antidepressant drugs imipramine, desipramine, and iprindole in vitro. However the nontricyclic antidepressant viloxazine did not affect choline uptake even at a concentration of 100 microM. None of the drugs had any effect on choline uptake by cortical slices when administered intraperitoneally (5, 10, 25 mg/kg) 30 min before sacrifice. Several anticholinergic drugs were tested for effects on in vitro uptake of choline. Hemicholinium-3 was a potent inhibitor of choline uptake but atropine, hexamethonium, and tubocurarine had no effect even at high concentrations (1000 microM). PMID- 7237258 TI - Aminopyrine metabolism in cryopreserved isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7237259 TI - Intracellular Cl activity, Cl binding, and 36Cl efflux in rabbit papillary muscle. AB - Chloride liquid ion-exchange microelectrodes were used to measure intracellular chloride activity (aCl)i or rabbit papillary muscle in vitro. In HCO3- -- CO2 buffered Ringer (aCl)i was 15.2 +/- 0.6 mM (n = 40) at pH 7.3 and 15.4 +/- 0.3 mM (n = 29) at pH 6.8. In HEPES-buffered Ringer (aCl)i was 24.1 +/- 0.6 mM (n = 21) at pH 7.3 and 20.0 +/- 0.3 mM (n = 17) at pH 6.9. If Cl was distributed passively across the membrane (aCl)i should be about 3 mM. From total muscle Cl analysis and [14C]sorbitol extracellular space measurements we calculate an apparent intracellular Cl concentration of 71 mM. As this estimate is three times larger than the measured free Cl in the cytoplasm we conclude that a significant fraction of muscle Cl must be bound or compartmentalized. Analysis of 36Cl efflux from the papillary muscle indicates the presence of two compartments. The compartment with the slower efflux rate (2.0 X 10(-2) min-1) contains about 25% of the intracellular Cl, which compares with the estimation (21%) of the free intracellular CL fraction obtained from the Cl microelectrode measurements. Our data permit us to conclude that about 37% of the muscle Cl is bound and that it is probably located extracellularly. PMID- 7237260 TI - Pressor responses and adrenomedullary catecholamine release during brain stimulation in the rat. AB - Electrical stimulation of the diencephalon and rostral mesencephalon produced a biphasic pressor response consisting of an initial sharp rise followed by a more prolonged elevation in blood pressure. Active sites from which comparable responses could be evoked were found in the ventral medial and lateral hypothalamus, in the region of the parafascicularis nucleus, and in the central gray matter and the tegmentum of the mesencephalon. Together with the biphasic pressor response brain stimulation also increased plasma catecholamine (CA) concentrations 10-fold. Either bilateral adrenalectomy or demedullation selectively abolished the secondary phase of the pressor response and greatly reduced the plasma CA response to stimulation. After chemical destruction of the terminals of the sympathetic neurones by intravenous administration of 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), the primary pressor phase was eliminated whereas the secondary phase as well as plasma CA concentration reached higher levels than in normal rats. 6-OHDA treatment combined with adrenalectomy completely abolished both pressor and CA responses. The results demonstrate that adrenomedullary mechanisms capable of increasing blood pressure significantly can be activated by electrical stimulation of different sites in the diencephalon and mesencephalon. PMID- 7237261 TI - Relaxin inhibition of KCl-induced uterine contractions in vitro: an alternative bioassay. AB - The effect on the rat uterus of the ovarian peptide hormone, relaxin, has been studied in vitro. Partial (20%) replacement of the NaCl in physiological saline by KCl resulted in a strong contraction of the uterus which was reversed by relaxin. The preparation contracted by this level of KCl substitution was shown to be very sensitive to the action of extracts of pregnant sow ovaries containing relaxin in comparison with the ones contracted by higher and lower degrees of KCl substitution. The ovarian extracts induced a concentration-dependent reversal of the contraction of the uterus; this activity of relaxin increased with the degree of purification of the hormone. Relaxin induced a slowly developing relaxation whereas epinephrine relaxed the same preparation very rapidly until a plateau relaxation was reached. The concentration-response curves to relaxin at different states of purification were parallel and were also parallel and comparable in potency to the ones measured for similar preparations from other laboratories. These results suggest that rat uterus contracted in vitro by KCl-substituted saline should be a valuable and reproducible bioassay for relaxin. PMID- 7237262 TI - Neuropsychological approaches to bilingualism: a critical review. PMID- 7237263 TI - Microbial life in the deep sea. PMID- 7237264 TI - Antigenic analysis if Pasteurella multocida (serotype 1) by crossed immunoelectrophoresis: characterization of whole cell associated antigens. AB - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis and other related quantitative immunoelectrophoresis techniques have been used to elucidate the antigenic complexity of a reference preparation of capsular extract, potassium thiocyanate extract, lipopolysaccharide, heat-stable antigens, and free endotoxin from Pasteurella multocida serotype 1. The reactions of these cellular fractions in crossed immunoelectrophoresis, with reference anti-whole cell immunoglobulins disclosed five antigens in the capsular extract, seven in the potassium thiocyanate extract, one to three in the lipopolysaccharide, three in the heat stable antigens, and five in the free endotoxin. Comparison of these reference antigen-antibody systems, in crossed immunoelectrophoresis, with intermediate gel containing wither a reference anti-cell envelope or anticytoplasmic immunoglobulins not only revealed the presence of additional antigens but also gave insight into the probably cellular origins (i.e., cell surface, cell envelope, or cytoplasm) of various antigens unveiled by reference anti-whole cell immunoglobulins. Using the principle of tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis and crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis the immunochemical relationships between the antigenic components of these reference antigen-antibody systems were established. PMID- 7237265 TI - Differential inactivation of three bacteriophages by acid and alkaline pH used in the membrane adsorption-elution method of virus recovery. AB - The study was prompted by our inability to concentrate phages by a membrane adsorption method effective for polioviruses. Consequently two coliphages WPK and T4, and F116 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested for their resistance to acid (pH 5.2-3.2) and alkaline (pH 10-11.5) exposures. Only T4 proved acid resistant allowing for acid adsorption, and only WPK was sufficiently alkaline resistant to allow for alkaline elution. Thus, the differential susceptibility of various phages precludes the use of the acid membrane adsorption-alkaline elution method as a general method for the concentration of phages from large volumes of water. PMID- 7237266 TI - Unusual polar lipids of Micrococcus radiodurans strain Sark. AB - The polar lipids of Micrococcus radiodurans strain Sark appear to be unique in that common bacterial phospholipids such as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol are absent. Of the 13 polar lipids detected, 5 contain phosphorus and carbohydrate, 4 contain carbohydrate and no phosphorus, and 1 contains phosphorus as well as sulfur. None of the polar lipids contain free choline or amino groups and none are sensitive to phospholipases C or D. Of eight selected polar lipids tested, all were found to be labile to milk alkali, suggesting the presence of ester linkages. It is suggested that the unusual lipid profile of M. radiodurans strain Sark may be useful in taxonomic considerations. PMID- 7237267 TI - Influence of sodium nitrite, temperature, and lactic acid bacteria on the growth of Brochothrix thermosphacta under anaerobic conditions. AB - In commercial vacuum-packed bologna, growth of Brochothrix thermosphacta was limited at 5 degrees C during a 4-week storage period. Factors controlling the growth of this organism were associated in part with certain lactobacilli isolated from the meat. The lactic acid bacteria associated with the decline of B. thermosphacta and overall spoilage of vacuum-packed bologna were isolated and identified. The principal organisms were Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus viridescens, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and certain streptococci. In associated growth experiments with B. thermosphacta at 5 and 15 degrees C, L. brevis and L. plantarum showed the greatest antagonism towards the Brochothrix species. Studies with changes in incubation temperatures (5 or 15 degrees C) or nitrite levels (0-50 microgram/mL) indicated that these two factors influence the antagonism but were minor compared with the influence of the lactic acid bacteria. PMID- 7237268 TI - Unique aspects of the cell surface polysaccharide of Pseudomonas phaseolicola as demonstrated by bacteriophage specificity. AB - Bacteriophage 12P caused lysis of Pseudomonas phaseolicola but not other pathogenic or saprophytic pseudomonads. Specificity of the bacteriophage may depend on recognition of some unique feature of the P. phaseolicola cell surface polysaccharides. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from P. phaseolicola were more efficient at inhibiting bacteriophage attachment than were identically prepared extracts from five other pseudomonad species. Mutants of P. phaseolicola with bacteriophage resistance produced EPS and LPS different in amount and composition from those of the parental strain. Thus, in some manner the EPS and LPS structures of P. phaseolicola are distinct from those of other plant pathogenic and saprophytic species. The difference may prevent recognition and initiation of resistance events when P. phaseolicola challenges its susceptible host plant, bean. PMID- 7237269 TI - Lipid composition and the transition from yeast-like to chlamydospore cells of Pullularia pullulans. AB - The lipid composition of the fungus Pullularia pullulans has been investigated at different stages of the morphogenetic transition from yeast-like, through the so called "large cells," to chlamydospores. The first 3 days of culture correspond to the period of exponential growth. There is a rapid consumption of glucose and ammonium, until the latter becomes exhausted, and a concomitant decrease of pH down to values of about 2. A decrease in fatty acid unsaturation takes place at this stage, together with an increase in the proportion of long-chain aldehydes. The period between days 3 and 6 is dominated by the large cells. They accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerols; phospholipids and free sterols are also synthesized in this period, suggesting de novo synthesis of membranes. Chlamydospores can be seen from the 6th day on. Simultaneously, a decrease in free sterols and phospholipids takes place, while saturated triacyglycerol production goes on. The lipid composition of chlamydospores suggests that these are resistance forms, induced by the hostile environmental conditions of the medium after the end of the exponential growth. PMID- 7237270 TI - Chemical and serological properties of a cyanogen bromide peptide of southern bean mosaic virus protein. AB - Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) protein was cleaved with cyanogen bromide and a highly basic peptide, CB-1, was isolated by ion exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography. Twelve peptides were separated from a tryptic digest of CB-1 by ion-exchange chromatography and the composition of these peptides was similar to that of peptides released from EDTA-swollen virus particles by limited tryptic digestion. The composition and N-termini of the tryptic peptides indicated CB-1 was from the N-terminus of SBMV protein and contained 48 amino acid residues. The CB-1 peptide moved rapidly to the cathode in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 3.9 and contained nine arginine residues, three lysine residues, and no acidic amino acid residues. It was shown to interact with purified viral RNA, sodium dextran sulfate, and calf thymus DNA. Antiserum to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-dissociated virus gave a reaction of partial identity between the CB-1 peptide and the SDS-dissociated virus in SDS gel diffusion tests. The CB-1 peptide did not react with antiserum to SDS-dissociated, trypsin-treated virus. Gel diffusion tests conducted in saline agar gels between trypsin-treated virus and SBMV, with SBMV antiserum, did not show differences in their serological properties. Antiserum to the CB-1 peptide conjugated to tomato bushy shunt virus reacted with SBMV but SBMV antiserum did not react with CB-1 or the CB-1-tomato bushy shunt virus conjugate. PMID- 7237271 TI - Differences in the biochemical compositions and elicitor activity of extracellular components produced by three races of a fungal plant pathogen, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. AB - High molecular weight products from the alpha, beta, and gamma races of Colletotrichum lin- differed in their carbohydrate and protein compositions and in their abilities to elicit symptoms of a hypersensitive response in dark red kidney bean. The neutral sugar composition of the products varied in their proportions of rhamnose, mannose, galactose, and glucose. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the protein components to be more numerous in the beta race products than in the alpha or gamma race products. Each protein band co stained for carbohydrate. Highest elicitor activity was observed in the products from the alpha race, a race avirulent on dark red kidney. The products from the weakly virulent gamma race were about 10-fold less active as elicitors than those of the alpha race. With the beta race, a race highly virulent on dark red kidney, elicitor activity was 100-fold less than that of the alpha race. PMID- 7237272 TI - The effect of substrate on inhibition of Corynebacterium lepus by isonicotinic acid hydrazide (Isoniazid). AB - Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) inhibits the growth of Corynebacterium lepus on hexadecane but has no effect on its growth on fructose. INH also inhibits the production of the mycolic acid containing lipopeptide bioemulsifier normally produced by C. lepus in response to an insoluble substate. The primary effect of INH appears to be inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis, which limits the growth of C. lepus on hexadecane by reducing the concentration of bioemulsifier. PMID- 7237274 TI - Sclerotia of the gasteromycete Pisolithus tinctorius. AB - Hyphal masses, morphologically identified as the sclerotia of Pisolithus tinctorius, were found associated with root systems of containerized pine seedlings inoculated with this mycorrhizal fungus. The sclerotia are described and the results and method used for isolation are reported. PMID- 7237273 TI - Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout: relation between virulence and surface characteristics. AB - Motile Aeromonas isolated from fish were studied for their virulence in fish in relation to some surface characteristics. The results showed that only the most virulent strains of A. hydrophila used in this study shared a common O antigen, did not agglutinate in acriflavine, settled down after boiling, and were resistant to the bactericidal action of fresh normal mammalian serum. The least virulent strains could not be grouped into this O antigenic group, they did not settle after boiling, and were sensitive to the bactericidal effect of serum. It is suggested that agglutination in acriflavine, stability after boiling, and sensitivity to normal fresh serum could be used for screening the Aeromonas isolates for virulence in fish. PMID- 7237275 TI - Influenza viruses isolated from waterfowl in southern Ontario, 1976-1978. AB - From 1976 to 1978, samples were collected from 720 ducks, 100 terns, and 50 gulls for attempted isolation of influenza viruses. Influenza viruses were isolated from 32 of the ducks samples: 10.2% of those sampled in 1976, 4.8% in 1977, and 2.4% in 1978. At least six different hemagglutination and seven neuraminidases were identified in the viruses isolated, in 14 different combinations. PMID- 7237276 TI - Heterotrophic activities of bacterioplankton and bacteriobenthos. AB - Several marine waters and surface sediments of coastal British Columbia were analyzed and compared for bacterial colony forming units (CFU) and numbers of active bacteria (NAB) as indicated by microautoradiography, glucose and alanine heterotrophic activities, and dissolved (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC). Bacteria numbers (CFU, NAB) were usually much greater (by several orders of magnitude) in surface sediments than in overlying waters. DOC and POC were also generally greater in surface sediments than in overlying waters, often by as much as one order of magnitude. Both glucose and alanine heterotrophic potentials were greater in surface sediments; however, on a per active cell (NAB) basis, no significant differences were noted between the glucose-specific activities of the bacteria of the surface sediments and overlying waters. The data suggest that these surface sediments carry greater standing crops of bacteria than overlying waters without significant decreases in glucose-specific activities. PMID- 7237277 TI - Intracellular mineralization of Bacterionema matruchotii. AB - Intracellular calcium phosphate mineral formation in Bacterionema matruchotii has been examined relative to two established points: the product of calcium and phosphorus levels at which spontaneous precipitation occurs (Ca x P), 50 (mg%)2, and the product at which calcium hydroxyapatite itself induces crystal growth, 35 (mg%) 2. The extent of intracellular mineralization in the defined calcifying medium was determined analytically after washing the cells. Electron micrographs of B. matruchotii cells revealed needlelike crystals of mineral, typical of calcium hydroxyapatite. Bacterionema matruchotii was found to be an efficient nucleator and can bring about the formation of solid phase at a Ca x P product as low as 35 (mg%)2. PMID- 7237278 TI - Plasmid composition of Staphylococcus species. AB - A total of 342 staphylococci representing 13 different recognized species were screened for plasmid composition using agarose gel electrophoresis techniques. Plasmids of molecular weight (MW) 30 x 10(6) or larger in size were uncommon in staphylococci. Moderately large plasmids of MW 15 x 10(6) to 29 x 10(6) were not or only occasionally found in the species Staphylococcus sciuri, S. intermedius, S. hyicus, or S. simulans, but were common in S. aureus (55%) and members of the S. epidermidis (79%) and S. saprophyticus (86%) species groups. Small plasmids were common in most of the species. They produced more complex profiles in simian subspecies or biotypes than in human subspecies or biotypes, e.g., in the species S. warneri, S. haemolyticus, S. cohnii, S. xylosus, and S. aureus. Although some of the species appeared to have rather unique plasmid patterns, we would currently hesitate to use this feature as a taxonomic character, considering the occurrence of exceptional strains and possible plasmid transfer between species. PMID- 7237279 TI - A toxigenic profile of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria isolated from fish. AB - Forty strains of motile Aeromonas were isolated from healthy and diseased fish. These strains were identified as A. hydrophila or a A. sobria. It was found that only strains of A. hydrophila produced a dermonecrotic factor and two zones of hemolysis on blood agar. All the strains of A. sobria tested and 72% of the A. hydrophila were enterotoxigenic. Finally, we observed that only A. hydrophila strains could regularly produce hemolysin at 10 degrees C. PMID- 7237280 TI - Plasmid specification of resistance to antibacterial compounds in environmental Citrobacter freundii. AB - Citrobacter freundii from an environmental source displayed resistance to a wide variety of antibacterials. Some of these resistances could be transferred by conjugation with frequencies as high as 10(-2). The complexity of plasmid involvement in the antibacterial resistance of this species was demonstrated by isolation of plasmid DNA from two isolates. In one strain, resistance to beta lactam antibiotics was specified by a 55 x 10(6) molecular weight plasmid, whereas kanamycin and neomycin resistance was specified by a 7 x 10(6) molecular weight plasmid. Resistance to chloramphenicol and tetracycline was not plasmid mediated. The other strain contained plasmids of molecular weight 113 x 10(6) and 80 x 10(6), which specified resistance to chloramphenicol, neomycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, and mercury. PMID- 7237281 TI - Growth characteristics af low Na+ concentration and the stability of the Na+ requirement of a marine bacterium. AB - Studies of the marine bacterium Alteromonas haloplanktis 214 (formerly referred to as marine pseudomonad B-16) showed that as the Na+ concentration in the growth medium decreased from 230 to 34 mM, the lowest concentration permitting growth, the length of the lag period preceding exponential growth increased. Once growth had begun, except for a slight reduction in rate of growth at 34 mM Na+, the generation time and extent of growth remained essentially constant over the range of Na+ concentrations tested. Plate counts showed that during the lag period the numbers of viable cells introduced as inoculum into a complex medium containing 33 mM Na+ decreased exponentially before increasing. Repeated subculture of the cells at 33 mM Na+ failed to eliminate the lag period or reduce the loss of viability of the cells. The viability loss and the lag period could be eliminated either by raising the NaCl concentration to 130 mM or by adding sufficient sucrose to make the osmotic pressure of the medium equal to that obtained by adding 130 mM NaCl. In a chemically defined medium, sucrose added to maintain tonicity reduced but did not eliminate the lag periods obtained at suboptimal Na+ concentrations. Increasing the number of cells plated on trypticase agar medium reduced the Na+ concentration required to permit growth. Evidence was obtained of a requirement of A. haloplanktis for Ca2+ for growth. Ca2+ spared to a small extent the requirement for Na+ for growth. Some 10(10) cells of a histidine requiring, streptomycin-resistant mutant of A. haloplanktis 214, still viable after treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, were screened for capacity to grow in the absence of Na+. Since no non-Na+-requiring mutants were isolated, the requirement of this organism for Na+ would appear to be extremely stable. PMID- 7237282 TI - Effect of growth at low Na+ concentrations on the capacity of a marine bacterium to establish ion gradients and transport alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. AB - Cells of a histidine-auxotrophic, streptomycin-resistant mutant of marine bacterium Alteromonas haloplanktis 214 were grown at or near the lowest concentration of Na+ permitting growth (30-33 mM Na+). When suspended in solutions containing 10 mMKCl and either 30, 100, or 300 mM NaCl, the intracellular to extracellular K+ ratios were similar to those obtained with cells of the parent organism grown at more nearly optimum Na+ concentrations, whereas the Na+ ratios were somewhat larger. Cells of the parent organism grown at 32 mM Na+ transported alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) at only one-third the rate and to less than one-quarter of the extent of cells grown at 130 mM Na+ even when the NaCl concentration during transport was raised to optimum levels. The Km for uptake of AIB by cells grown at 32 and 130 mM Na+ was the same but the Vmax was higher for cells grown at 130 mM. The Vmax for cells grown at both concentrations of Na+ increased as the Na+ concentration in the uptake medium increased. It was concluded that none of the observations made could account for the fact that both parent and mutant of A. haloplanktis grow at 30-32 mM Na+ only after a very long lag period, and then grow at near normal rates once logarithmic growth begins despite the fact that the osmotic pressure of the medium is very low. PMID- 7237283 TI - Increased respiratory activity in a diploid strain of Aspergillus niger (V35). PMID- 7237284 TI - A microtitration procedure for quantitative determination of staphylocoagulase using fibrinogen-coated red blood cells. PMID- 7237285 TI - A scanning electron microscopy study of the invasion of leaflets of a bloat-safe and a bloat-causing legume by rumen microorganisms. AB - A newly developed technique using ruthenium red to detect foci of bacterial digestion in mounts of whole leaflets that had been incubated with rumen bacteria was used to compare the digestion of alfalfa, a bloat-causing legume, and sainfoin, a bloat-safe legume. When whole leaflets were suspended in an artificial rumen medium and inoculated with rumen bacteria, massive bacterial adhesion and proliferation were noted at the stomata of alfalfa leaflets after 6 h of incubation, whereas only a few isolated bacteria adhered near the stomata of sainfoin leaflets After 22 h of incubation, the epidermal layers of alfalfa leaflets had peeled away in many areas, revealing an extensive bacterial invasion of the underlying mesophyll tissue in which large bacterial microcolonies had formed in intercellular spaces, and in intracellular spaces in several areas where plant cell walls had broken down. After 22 h of incubation, the surface of sainfoin leaflets resembled that of alfalfa leaflets at 6 h, with bacterial microcolonies adhering to the area surrounding the stomata, but without sloughing of the epidermis. Uninoculated control leaflets of both species showed no surface alteration but part of their normal bacterial flora had proliferated to form microcolonies on the surface after 22 h incubation. Dry matter loss due to leaching or bacterial digestion when whole leaflets of legumes were suspended in an artificial rumen medium, alone or with rumen bacteria, was significantly higher in the bloat-causing group. Values of leaching and of bacterial digestion were positively correlated. We conclude that reported differences in plant anatomy, and in cell wall chemistry, produce distinct rates or organic nutrient release from legume leaflets, and that these same differences produce an equally distinct susceptibility of leaflets to bacterial invasion, plant cell rupture, and the consequent release of intracellular plant components. The rate of release of organic nutrients from legume leaflets may be important in the etiology of foamy pasture bloat. This technique of in vitro digestion of whole leaflets followed by ruthenium red staining shows some promise of providing a rapid and qualitative test to distinguish, within a species, cultivars that may differ in their bloat-related characteristics. PMID- 7237286 TI - Inhibition of carotenoid synthesis in Micrococcus roseus. AB - Micrococcus roseus forms bicyclic keto-carotenoids. The effects of nicotine, piperonyl butoxide, and 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)-triethylamine hydrochloride (CPTA) were studied with regard to their ability to selectively inhibit carotenogenesis in the organism. Nicotine caused accumulation of beta-zeacarotene; piperonyl butoxide caused accumulation of phytoene and traces of phytofluene, zeta carotene, and beta-zeacarotene. In both cases canthaxanthin biosynthesis was inhibited. CPTA inhibited canthaxanthin synthesis and caused accumulation of beta zeacarotene and gamma-carotene and their mono- and di-hydroxy derivatives. Regardless of the inhibitor used, canthaxanthin was the major colored carotenoid biosynthesized. The expected precursors of carotenoid cyclization, neurosporene and (or) lycopene, were not detected in CPTA- or nicotine-inhibited cultures. Therefore, carotenoid cyclization in M. roseus does not involve neurosporene or lycopene and must occur early in carotene biosynthesis, prior to the formation of beta-zeacarotene, zeta-Carotene is proposed as the cyclization substrate and beta zeacarotene as the substrate for oxygen insertion. PMID- 7237287 TI - POlygalacturonic acid transeliminase production by Azospirillum species. AB - Polygalacturonic acid transeliminase (PATE) was produced by all of six Azospirillum strains studied. Characteristics were similar to those of PATE from other bacteria: activity was maximal at pH 8.0 and was stimulated by CaCl2. Polygalacturonic acid was used more readily than pectin as a substrate. Polygalacturonic acid in the medium stimulated PATE production by several but not all strains. In all cases some of the PATE produced in cultures remained bound to cell walls. In one strain, most remained cell wall bound. When nitrogen was supplied as amino acids rather than ammonium salts, the ratio of free to bound enzyme was increased. The strains studied varied considerably to response to nutrient amendments and in maximum PATE activity. PMID- 7237288 TI - Microbial degradation of aromatics and saturates in Prudhoe Bay crude oil as determined by glass capillary gas chromatography. AB - Water samples obtained from three different marine environments (including a commercial harbor, a pristine area, and an oil tanker dock area) from the coast of Washington State were challenged with Prudhoe Bay crude oil under shake-flask conditions at 8 degrees C. Replicate cultures were grown with and without nitrogen (NO3-, NH4+) and phosphate supplementation. After varying incubation periods, the residual oil was extracted and separated on silica gel columns into saturate aromatic fractions and these were analyzed by glass capillary gas chromatography to detect the degradation of various compounds. After 27 days of incubation, both the aromatic and saturate fractions were extensively degraded by the microorganisms from these environments when supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorus. Without nutrient supplementation, the aromatics were more readily attacked than the saturates by the populations from the pristine environment and from the commercial harbor area. Under these limited nutrient conditions, samples from near oil tanker docks showed moderate degradation of both the saturate and aromatic fractions. Time course studies, using nutrient-supplemented marine samples, showed that the simple aromatics (e.g., naphthalene and 2 methylnaphthalene) were more readily degraded than the n-alkanes. However, once the breakdown of these saturates commenced, these were quickly removed from the oil. The aromatic degradation continued to progress from lower molecular weight, less complex molecules to larger, more complex molecules in the approximate series C2 naphthalenes; phenanthrene and dibenzothiophene; C3 naphthalenes and methylphenathrenes; C2 phenanthrenes. PMID- 7237289 TI - K+, Na+, and Mg2+ content and permeability of Methanospirillum hungatei and Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. AB - The K+, Na+, and Mg2+ contents of Methanospirillum hungatei and of the thermophile Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum were determined at various phases of growth. The intracellular K+ content of exponential phase cells of M. thermoautotrophicum (approximately 780 mM) was 5.4-fold higher than in M. hungatei, and decreased gradually as the culture entered the stationary phase. Both methanogens concentrated Mg2+, exhibiting an increased content as the cultures aged. Comparisons among extraction methods showed that most of the internal K+ was readily released, but a minimum of half of the Mg2+ in M. hungatei, and most of the M2+ in M. thermoautotrophicum, was in a bound form. Exponential phase of cells of M. hungatei established an intracellular level of Na+ lower than the outside medium, but the thermophile concentrated Na+. Dextran, inulin, sucrose, and glucose penetrated cell pellets to varying degrees and could be used to measure the space corresponding to cytoplasm and to cell wall permeability barriers. L-Phenylalanine penetrated fully and acetate accumulated in both methanogens. Acetate uptake in cell suspensions of M. hungatei was fully inhibited by oxygen. N-ethylmaleimide, or N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, but was not affected by the proton conductor carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone. L-Malate, which penetrated M. hungatei cells poorly, was metabolized to glutamate, indicating the presence of an incomplete reductive carboxylic acid cycle. PMID- 7237290 TI - Dietary components influence tissue-associated lactobacilli in the mouse stomach. PMID- 7237292 TI - Primary vaginal incision during cesarean section. PMID- 7237291 TI - Carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 7237293 TI - Acute renal failure as a consequence of sudden renal artery occlusion. AB - Acute renal failure secondary to renal artery occlusion is rare but can be reversed and is therefore important to cases to draw attention to the diagnosis and management of the condition. In one case, occlusion of the artery to a single functioning kidney was responsible for the clinical presentation; in the other, bilateral renal artery emboli were responsible. The authors present a detailed review of the English literature to determine the prognostic value of the duration of anuria preceding operation in patients with renal artery occlusion to a solitary kidney. This factor showed no correction with viability of renal tissue, functional recovery or patient survival. Surgical management offers the best prospect of success in these patients. PMID- 7237294 TI - Effects of hydrogen peroxide on isolated myocardium. AB - In a preliminary series of experiments, the mechanical responses of myocardium to dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide were examined in 19 isolated rat papillary and 25 human atrial muscles under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. When a single dose (0.5 to 1..0 ml) of 3% hydrogen peroxide [final concentration 0.01% to 0.02%] was added to normoxic muscle, developed force rose significantly [P less than 0.05] followed by a gradual increase in resting force resulting in contracture. A similar result was obtained in normoxic hypodynamic human atrial muscle. Under hypoxic conditions a singly dose of hydrogen peroxide caused a significant [P less than 0.05] improvement in mechanical properties of both preparations: developed force increased while resting force decreased However, these changes were followed by a progressive irreversible contracture. In contrast, when a 0.06% solution of hydrogen peroxide was slowly infused at a constant rate [2 ml/min], human atrial muscle showed a significant [P less than 0.05] increase in developed force and a significant [p less than 0.05] decrease in resting force from the hypoxic state while the rat papillary muscle only showed a significant [P less than 0.05] increase in resting force. Contracture did not occur in either preparation. The authors conclude that controlled contact between cardiac muscle and dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide can alter the mechanical characteristics of myocardial tissue. PMID- 7237295 TI - Coronary artery steal secondary to coronary arteriovenous fistula. AB - Coronary arteriovenous fistula in adults may be associated with angina pectoris. It has been suggested that the cause of the angina is a coronary artery steal of blood into the fistula but this has not been demonstrated. To study its hemodynamics the authors describe two cases of coronary artery fistula. They discuss the use of radionuclide angiography in this setting. The surgical technique is outlined and the use of intraoperative electrocardiographic monitoring is emphasized. PMID- 7237296 TI - Is it important to preserve the chordae tendinae and papillary muscles during mitral valve replacement? AB - To evaluate the importance of preserving chordae tendinae and papillary muscles to left ventricular function after mitral valve replacement, 12 dogs had Carpentier-Edwards or Bjork-Shiley mitral valves inserted. Cardiopulmonary bypass, systemic hypothermia at 25 degrees C and cold cardioplegia were used. The period of anoxic arrest was 30 minutes. In six dogs, mitral valve replacement was performed after complete excision of the mitral valve. In the other six dogs the anterior leaflet was partially excised but all chordae tendinae and papillary muscles were left intact. Hemodynamic measurements, including left ventricular function following volume loading, were made preoperatively and postoperatively. Left ventricular angiograms were obtained postoperatively in all dogs. Preoperatively there was no significant difference in the left ventricular function curves in the two groups, but postoperatively the curves showed significant differences. In the group with preserved chordae tendinae, left ventricular function improved with volume loading to a left ventricular end diastolic pressure of 20 mm Hg while in the group with divided chordae tendinae, function improved more slowly and ceased to improve after loading to an end diastolic pressure of 15 mm Hg. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction following mitral valve replacement with preserved papillary muscles was 0.62 +/- 0.01 and with divided papillary muscles was 0.45 +/- 0.05 (P less than 0.05). The authors conclude that it is important to preserve chordae tendinae and papillary muscles when carrying out mitral valve replacement. PMID- 7237297 TI - The big toe in the recovery room: peripheral warm-up patterns in children after open-heart surgery. AB - To evaluate the usefulness of toe temperature warm-up patterns in predicting survival in a group of pediatric patients after cardiac surgery, the condition of 70 children [age 3.9 years + / - 3.8 yr] was evaluated for 24 hours postoperatively by direct and indirect cardiac monitoring, including toe temperature, while in a heat controlled environment. Two groups were identified 60 survivors and 10 nonsurvivors. The volume balance, pH and urine output of all patients were maintained within acceptable values, but nonsurvivors had a persistently lower blood pressure. Systemic vascular resistance separated survivors from nonsurvivors but cardiac index did not. A toe temperature that did not reach 32 degrees C within 4 hours of operation was associated with increased mortality. With peripheral warm-up patterns a nomogram was constructed, its predictive accuracy was identified [99% valid] and the tow temperature trends were correlated with traditional monitoring techniques. The authors conclude that measurement of tow temperature is a useful, inexpensive and noninvasive addition to established methods of monitoring after open-heart operations. PMID- 7237298 TI - Multiprogrammable pacemakers. AB - Since 1962 it has been possible to change, by noninvasive means, the functions of implanted pacemakers. This study reports a 3-year multicentre experience, in 164 patients, with a multiprogrammable pacemaker that offers a wide range of choices within five variables: mode, rate, pulse width, sensitivity and telemetry (over 3000 combinations). In a selected series 83% of implanted pacemakers were programmed for medical indications and 100% for multiparameter follow-up studies. The advantage and disadvantages of three are compared. There is little doubt that multiprogrammable pacemakers can reduce the frequency of reoperation in any large series. PMID- 7237299 TI - Myocardial contracture: the predominant causes of impeded reperfusion in simulated surgical ischemia. AB - "Worst-case" surgical conditions were simulated using the isolated model of a parabiotically perfused rabbit heart septum. Such conditions occur clinically in regional myocardium distal to stenosed coronary arteries and are characterized by inadequate or absent ionic influence on the myocardium by chemical cardioplegia and equilibration to room temperature. This study tested the hypothesis that ischemic contracture, rather than intracellular or extracellular edema, critical closing or delayed critical opening, was the predominant cause of impeded reperfusion that damages myocardium. In 20 reperfused ischemic septa, conductance (flow per unit pressure) decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) as ischemia at 24 degrees C was prolonged from 15 to 90 minutes and as contracture became more severe. Conductance was not decreased significantly by even large amounts of extracellular edema. Intracellular edema did not occur. In 17 normal septa, the critical closing pressure was 9.3 mm Hg. Critical opening pressures following 5 to 90 minutes ischemia at 24 degrees C did not differ significantly. Although early reflow was impeded progressively with longer ischemic intervals, it was not significant as was due to contracture rather than critical closing or delayed critical opening. This study confirmed the hypothesis that contracture is the predominant cause of impeded reperfusion in simulated surgical ischemia. PMID- 7237300 TI - Evolution of ileostomy surgery. AB - Ileostomy in association with proctocolectomy in one or two stages is the accepted treatment for ulcerative colitis. There are many difficulties in managing the permanent ileostomy in spite of improvements in design and construction, in availability of stomal appliances and in better skin protection and adhesive materials. The collection and storage of excrement in a bag outside the body imposes severe difficulties. To eliminate these problems an alternative ileostomy method, the continent ileostomy, was devised and the clinical results achieved in 314 patients are reported. There was a 2.2% overall operative mortality but no operative deaths in the last consecutive series of 152 patients. The nonfatal complication rate has decreased from 24% to 7% and revision because of a malfunctioning outlet valve has decreased from 54% to 6%. At follow-up 94% of the patients were continent. Except for a slightly increased loss of bile salts and a potential risk of decreased vitamin B12 absorption no harmful effects of the reservoir procedure have been found after observation times up to 12 years. PMID- 7237301 TI - Symposium on the management of early breast cancer (Stages I and II). Part I: Rationale for treatment methods. 1. Introduction. PMID- 7237302 TI - [Breast neoplasms: a 1980 dilemma]. AB - For many reasons, breast cancer is still the most controversial topic in oncology. Questions raised many years ago in relation to diagnosis and treatment have not yet been answered. Clinical classification, such as the TNM system, is open to many pitfalls and the degree of error in axillary staging is still high, even in expert hands. The situation with regard to management is similar. The types of treatment are numerous and controversial, so that interpretations of results is unreliable. The fundamental questions will be answered only by clinical trials. PMID- 7237303 TI - Steroid receptors in adjuvant hormonal therapy for breast cancer. AB - Using a computerized mathematical model the authors found that either a small [5%] or large [50%] hormone-dependent reduction in tumour cell population at the beginning of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer greatly increases the probability fo achieving a cure. The fact that even a minor response to hormonal therapy early in the treatment of the tumor is effective underlines the importance of using estrogen receptors to to select potential responders in whom a cure is at least a strong theoretical possibility. PMID- 7237304 TI - Use of hypertension and electroencephalographic monitoring during carotid endarterectomy. AB - Intraoperative hypertension and continuous electroencephalographic (eeg) monitoring were used during 42 carotid endarterectomies performed on 37 patients from 1970 to 1978. Computer spectral analysis of a majority of the electroencephalograms was also performed. Under supplemented nitrous oxide general anesthesia, elevation of the mean arterial blood pressure to 20% above the individual's preoperative mean blood pressure resulted in reversal to normal of an ischemic EEG pattern in 19% of the patients. The authors discuss the benefit of this technique. they present guidelines for patient selection and analyse the data to help the surgeon decide whether to use shunt during carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 7237305 TI - Role of needle aspiration in reducing the number of unnecessary breast biopsies. AB - The accuracy of the results obtained from 2334 open breast biopsies performed during a 9-year period at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto are reviewed. With meticulous follow-up and the liberal use of needle aspiration, the senior author (A.A.B.) noted a progressive increase in his malignant to benign ratio, from 18% in 1970 to as high as 56% near the end of the study. In contrast, the overall hospital ratio of malignant to benign breast biopsies obtained over the same decade remained stationary at 25%. A low ratio implies unnecessary hospital admissions and biopsies, all adding to the patient's anxiety. The authors conclude that a currently acceptable malignant to benign ratio is 1 to 3 and that with the use of fine-needle aspiration the number of surgical biopsies can be reduced, minimizing patient anxiety and morbidity, and increasing the efficiency of hospital bed use. PMID- 7237306 TI - Premie nutrition: mother's milk may be best. PMID- 7237307 TI - Health risks to women who smoke. PMID- 7237308 TI - Use of 5% povidone-iodine aerosol for recurrent genital herpes. PMID- 7237309 TI - Health care delivery team. PMID- 7237310 TI - Surgical day care. PMID- 7237311 TI - Use of propranolol in treating tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 7237312 TI - Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type II: a combined surgical and genetic approach to treatment [correction]. PMID- 7237313 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia associated with cellulitis. PMID- 7237314 TI - Thalassemia in Vietnamese refugees. PMID- 7237315 TI - Rubella immunization. PMID- 7237316 TI - Management of acute strychnine poisoning. PMID- 7237317 TI - Diving: a frequent and potentially preventable cause of spinal cord injury. PMID- 7237318 TI - Breast cancer in relation to weight in women aged 65 years and over. PMID- 7237319 TI - Placement incentives: will they lure doctors into underserviced areas? PMID- 7237320 TI - Rosedale Pain Treatment Centre: a humanistic approach. PMID- 7237321 TI - Child abuse. PMID- 7237322 TI - Role of examinations of the medical Council of Canada in improving medical standards. PMID- 7237323 TI - Treatment of rabid-bat bite. PMID- 7237324 TI - Potentially lethal interaction of cimetidine and morphine. PMID- 7237325 TI - Infectious peptides in slow virus infections: a hypothesis. PMID- 7237326 TI - The child at risk. PMID- 7237328 TI - Gentamicin: use of a programmable calculator to determine dosages from pharmacokinetic data for individual patients. AB - Gentamicin, an antibiotic frequently used in the treatment of gram-negative infections, has a narrow therapeutic index, so the correct prediction of its serum concentrations is important. Recent studies have emphasized the dubious accuracy of commonly used formulas, and computer programs that provide pharmacokinetic data for individual patients from multiple blood samples have helped to adjust dosages but are expensive. This study tested the applicability of a method using only two blood samples and a programmable calculator to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters for individual patients and adjust dosages to aim at peak and trough serum levels of 6 and 1 micrograms/ml respectively. In the 48 patients with normal renal function this method produced peak serum concentrations of gentamicin within 1 microgram/ml of the desired level in 22 (46%) and therapeutic peak concentrations (between 4 and 10 micrograms/ml) in all the patients. In 10 patients with renal failure it produced peak serum concentrations within 1 microgram/ml of the desired value in 4 and therapeutic serum concentrations in 7. Two patients had peak concentrations below 4 micrograms/ml and one had a peak concentration above 10 micrograms/ml. Two of the three patients whose serum levels were outside the therapeutic range had unstable renal insufficiency. Thus, patients with renal insufficiency need continued monitoring of the serum level of gentamicin, particularly when their renal function is changing. PMID- 7237327 TI - Reproductive events and family history as risk factors for breast cancer in northern Alberta. AB - Reproductive events and family history as risk factors for breast cancer in northern Alberta were investigated with the use of data from a computerized population-based registry. Women aged 30 to 79 years attending diagnostic breast clinics at the Cross Cancer Institute from 1971 through 1975 constituted the two study groups; 1232 women had diagnosed breast cancer (malignant disease group) and 602 women were clinically free of all types of breast disease (control group). An increased relative risk of breast cancer was found in women with a family history of breast cancer, those who gave birth to their first term infant at age 30 years or older, those in whom more than 15 years elapsed between menarche and that birth, and those with a late natural menopause. There was a decreased risk, relative to nulliparity, in the postmenopausal women who first gave birth to a term infant 5 years or less after menarche. Artificial menopause (bilateral oophorectomy), parity and age at menarche had no apparent effect on the risk. The pattern of risk factors in northern Alberta differed from that reported for other geographic areas, including other provinces of Canada, thus emphasizing the need for local studies in the planning of screening programs. PMID- 7237330 TI - MDs should consider "the public good is the higher law" when determining fitness to drive. PMID- 7237329 TI - Renal function in patients receiving long-term lithium therapy. AB - Renal function was assessed in 42 stable outpatients who had been taking lithium for an average of 4 1/2 years. Impaired ability to concentrate the urine was found in 61% of the 41 patients who provided a urine sample for an osmolality measurement, and a moderate reduction in creatinine clearance was present in 12% of the entire group; 1 patient showed both defects. Urine microscopy revealed an excess of cells in 40%. It is suggested that lithium therapy produces a self limiting lesion of the distal nephron that does not usually progress to chronic renal failure. The lesion is not dangerous, except that it may predispose to acute neurotoxic effects in the event of intercurrent illness or dehydration. PMID- 7237331 TI - Exploring health care alternatives for the elderly. PMID- 7237332 TI - Canadian Federation of Medical Students position paper on family medicine certification. PMID- 7237333 TI - Estrogens and endometrial cancer: some answers and some further questions. PMID- 7237334 TI - Heart-Alert: evaluation of a community training program for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 7237335 TI - Cadmium and prostatic cancer in Alberta. PMID- 7237337 TI - [Use of health services and drugs by old people of Montreal receiving home care]. AB - A survey was conducted among 160 persons aged 64 year or more in Montreal who were receiving home care. They answered at home a questionnaire on their use of health care services and drugs, and showed the interviewer all the drugs they were taking. In comparison with similar data from elsewhere, the use of health care services (an average of 8.0 encounters with a physician per person per year) and of drugs (an average of 5.3 per person) by this group seems high. Perhaps this group of people was obviously sicker than others of the same age, but this remains to be shown. Moreover, despite the reported frequency of health problems, it is uncertain whether such use of services and drugs was necessary. The question is raised whether the home care system is doing for the patient what it was intended to do. PMID- 7237336 TI - Resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics of gram-negative bacilli isolated in Canadian hospitals. AB - A survey was made of the frequency of resistance to amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin among aerobic gram-negative bacilli isolated over a 4-week period in 1979 at six large, geographically separated Canadian hospitals. In the entire series of 4407 isolates the frequency of resistance was 2.5% to amikacin, 8.1% to gentamicin, 5.9% to tobramycin and 1.7% to all three. Most (81%) of the resistant bacteria were acquired by the patients after admission to hospital. The frequency of resistance to the three aminoglycoside antibiotics in each hospital largely reflected the local rate of cross-infection by endemic strains of resistant bacteria. PMID- 7237338 TI - Meningitis complicating transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. AB - The case records of 98 patients who underwent a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy between 1969 and 1979 were examined to establish the frequency of postoperative cerebrospinal rhinorrhea and meningitis. There were seven cases of rhinorrhea and six of meningitis following the procedure. Five of the six patients with meningitis had diabetes mellitus and three of the seven with rhinorrhea had meningitis; thus, both diabetes and rhinorrhea were established as significant risk factors (P less than 0.001) in the development of meningitis after this operation. There were two proven cases of meningitis due to anaerobic organisms and a further two suspected cases. The prophylactic use of antibiotics did not prevent the development of meningitis in this series of patients. PMID- 7237339 TI - Daily relationships between fetal and maternal heart rates at 38 to 40 weeks of pregnancy. PMID- 7237341 TI - Second class status for immigrant doctors in the UK? PMID- 7237340 TI - What is the best test for monitoring levothyroxine therapy? PMID- 7237342 TI - Group or solo practice: is finance the only consideration? PMID- 7237343 TI - [The position of the Association of French Language Physicians of Canada on the sterilization of the mentally-deficient]. PMID- 7237344 TI - Dental utilization and dental health status of children from a rent-to-income housing complex. PMID- 7237345 TI - A serosurvey of toxoplasmosis in Manitoba. PMID- 7237346 TI - The limits of persuasion: anti-smoking activities in the USSR. PMID- 7237347 TI - Growth and nutrition of preschool Indian children in Manitoba: II. Nutrient intakes. PMID- 7237348 TI - Was the Krever Commission worth it? Public health and the law. PMID- 7237349 TI - Outcome-oriented management at the Vancouver health department. PMID- 7237350 TI - Effects of project health on the lifestyle of senior government officials. PMID- 7237351 TI - Assessment, Commitment and motivation in marital therapy. AB - The importance of a discrete assessment phase in the treatment of people with martial problems is emphasized. The consequence of such phase in terms of clarification of treatment selection and engagement is discussed. Examples are presented which demonstrate the importance of attending to the factors of commitment to the marriage and motivation and capacity to work in therapy. Attention to these issues facilitates proper treatment planning designed to best suit the couple's specific therapeutic needs. PMID- 7237352 TI - The resident and the borderline in-patient: a supervisor's perspective. AB - The problems of residents working intensively with borderline inpatients in a general hospital psychiatric unit area described. The resident feels pressure because of inexperience with intensive psychotherapy, and the high visibility of working in a closely supervised team setting. The border line patient baffles the resident with his defensive activity characterized by splitting, erotization, idealization, and negative therapeutic response. These difficulties complicate supervision, necessitating the supervisor's alertness to being caught in team splits or collusion with the resident's unrealistic hopefulness or nihilism. Supervision must actively address the resident's countertransference and the supervisor's counterresponses. Clinical vignettes illustrate the various problems. PMID- 7237353 TI - Intellectuality and emotionality in psychiatric residents. AB - The fully trained psychiatrist must be able to integrate vast amounts of phenomenological data as well as to empathically share feeling states in patients. Beginning psychiatric residents often lean either towards intellectuality or towards emotionality, tendencies which potentially reinforce splitting within the profession. Cognitive styles may correlate with neurophysiological indicators, such as hemispheric dominance and the augmenting reducing dimension. There may also be sex differences in cognition; if so, they would have to be taken into account as more women enter psychiatric training. A theoretical understanding of individual differences in students provides a basis for the pedagogical correction of biases. Overly intellectual residents may be organically or psychodynamically oriented. In either case they favour theory over concrete experience, and there are difficulties in mobilizing their empathic capacities. Identification with empathic teachers and a focus in supervision on the perception and integration of more stimuli, especially nonverbal cues, are important correctives. Overly emotional residents identify excessively with their patients and tend to have problems with boundaries. An augmenting tendency, leading to stimulus overload, can be controlled by teaching residents how to structure and set limits. Identification with the supervisor is sided by clear boundaries in the supervisory relationship. In both cases the resident's strengths must not be denigrated while correcting his weaknesses. Examples of learning problems in both kinds of residents are given, with discussion of supervisory pitfalls. PMID- 7237354 TI - [Sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate in the treatment of essential hypersomnia]. AB - Five non-narcoleptic hypersomniac patients were given GHB (3.10 to 4.5 g per os) at night. Four patients reported a persistent improvement of their daytime sleepiness as a result of this treatment. Nocturnal polygraphic recordings were performed in all patients before and after GHB. The durations of sleep and of waking times were reduced after GHB while there was an increase of stages 3 and 4 during the first third of the night. It is possible that the increase in delta wave sleep early in the night is responsible for a re-establishment of a normal distribution of subsequent sleep stages and thus produces a more recuperative sleep. PMID- 7237355 TI - Intimacy and emotional illness in the general population. AB - Ninety married couples in the general population received a structured interview to assess their level of intimacy. The couples also completed self-report questionnaires to assess non-psychotic emotional illness and marital adjustment. High levels of intimacy were associated with martial adjustment. Low ratings of marital intimacy were significantly associated with non-psychotic emotional illness and psychiatric help-seeking. These findings are discussed in relationship to recent studies which explore the role of lack of marital intimacy as a vulnerability factor in the development of non-psychotic emotional illness. Implications for treatment of non-psychotic emotional illness in married individuals is briefly discussed. PMID- 7237356 TI - Aro Village System of community psychiatry in perspective. AB - The Aro Village system of community psychiatry was started in Nigeria in 1954 by Dr. T.A. Lambo with the aim of making use of traditional sociocultural resources of the community in the treatment of mentally sick persons. The history of the program is presented, and advantages and disadvantages are discussed. In addition, the future role of the program in the health care delivery system of Nigeria is discussed with emphasis on how to guarantee the continuing relevance of the village scheme to the socioeconomic realities of a changing society. PMID- 7237357 TI - Female-to-male transsexuals and their partners. AB - This paper reviews briefly the literature on gender disorders, that is transsexualism in females. Forty-one female-to-male transsexuals and twenty-one female partners of these patients were evaluated in the Gender Identity Clinic at the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry. The authors report on the type of behaviour patterns with particular reference to the kind of relationship the patients form with their partners. These seem to be stable, long-term relationships, though both the transsexual and his partner have had considerable sexual experience prior to forming this relationship. Contrary to what other workers report, these transsexuals wish to parent children and indeed frequently chose partners who already had children. The authors speculate on the reasons why a normal biological female would choose a "penis-less man" as a partner and form a long term enduring relationship with him. PMID- 7237358 TI - Intake follow-up of "no service" cases. AB - At The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, an attempt was made to bypass long pre-assessment waiting lists by referring an increasing number of patients to local community resources at the point of the initial intake call. During the pilot study, we contacted 40 families who had been redirected along these lines between January and June 1979. We found that 31 (78%) families had followed our recommendation and most were satisfied with the treatment they were receiving. This suggests that "re-referral" upon intake can often be a highly effective and useful service when provided by a central resource and consultation centre. A further systematic follow-up of all applications to children's mental health clinics, including a careful appraisal of no-show cases (families who are accepted so that we can tailor our services to the specific child psychiatry needs of our varied clientel. PMID- 7237359 TI - Schizophrenia: sociocultural factors. AB - Social factors in an incidence by first admission group of forty-three carefully rediagnosed schizophrenic patients, who were the subject of a long term follow up, were examined. The findings were: -- Schizophrenics are predominantly lower social class -- Drift from higher to lower social class prior to the onset of illness was not substantiated -- Families of origin were predominantly lower social class -- Patients were likely to have lower grade occupations than their fathers despite both frequently being lower social class -- An excess of urban resident patients, but many of them came from rural resident families -- Immigrants as a whole are not over-represented -- Minority immigrant groups and minority language groups were over-represented -- "At risk" immigrant profile is: male, single, recent immigrant, eastern European origin, non-English speaking, poorly educated, in a lower grade occupation than his father. PMID- 7237361 TI - Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone in a patient treated with haloperidol. PMID- 7237360 TI - A profile of the child psychiatric population of Newfoundland. AB - At all referrals during the year 1977 to the only child psychiatric facility in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador were investigated on a number of variables. Two hundred and two children were referred. This was considered a very low rate of referrals. Distance of the child's residence beyond the range of 50 kilometres from the unit was negatively associated to referrals. Lack of parental employment was not associated with increased rate of referrals. Children from the outlying regions of the Province were unlikely to come from broken families. Academic failure was common among those referred. Few differences were observed in the clinical diagnoses between those referred from the Avalon Peninsula and the regions lying further away. As compared to another Canadian province, Ontario, (Ottawa-Carleton region) (2), fewer aggressive children were referred in Newfoundland. Some implications of these findings for the practice of child psychiatry in the Province were discussed. PMID- 7237362 TI - The Capgras syndrome. PMID- 7237363 TI - Proceedings of the American Cancer Society National Conference Cancer Prevention and Detection. Chicago, Illinois April 17--19, 1980. PMID- 7237364 TI - Cancer prevention: environmental, industrial, and occupational factors. AB - The possible contribution of occupational and environmental exposures to cancer has been known for many years and is now a highly mature field of study. By the 1950s, a substantial list of agents of processes had been identified as associated with cancer of one organ or another. In the last several decades a number of additions have been made to the list. No doubt more will be found in the future. The last decade, especially, has brought increased public attention to cancer in the workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 has been a significant contributor to the current increase in attention given to cancer occurrences arising from occupational exposures. These have led to increasingly stringent regulations and control requirements. The nature of the chemical and physical factors in occupational cancer will be noted and the estimates of the contribution of occupational factors to total cancer occurrence will be considered. In addition to the workplace exposures, other ways in which cancer may be associated with technology will be described. Included among these are, community air pollution, water contaminants, dietary additives, and hair dyes. PMID- 7237365 TI - Cancer following medical irradiation. AB - Several generalizations about radiation carcinogenesis can be made: 1) a single exposure is sufficient to elevate cancer incidence many years later: 2) radiation induced cancer cannot be distinguished from naturally occurring cancer, i.e., there is not unique radiogenic cancer; 3) all cancers appear to be increased after irradiation with the exception of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and possibly Hodgkin's disease, cervical cancer, and a few others; 4) the breast, thyroid, and bone marrow appear especially radiosensitive; 5) leukemia is the most prominent radiogenic tumor and shows a wave-like pattern of excess incidence over time, and the excess begins within two to four years, peaks about six to eight years, and decreases to normal levels about 25 years later; 6) solid tumors have a minimum latent period of about ten years, and for several cancers, the temporal pattern of incidence appears to follow the natural incidence, i.e., the cancers do not occur before the ages normally associated with increased incidence, implying that age-dependent factors influence the expression of disease; 7) age at exposure is perhaps the most important host factor influencing subsequent cancer risk; 8) the percentage increase in cancer incidence per rad is not the same for all cancers, i.e., some cancer of high natural incidence, e.g., colon, have low "relative risks" and some cancers of low natural incidence, e.g., thyroid, have high "relative risks;" 9) dose-effect curves are often linear, but curvilinearity is also observed and is possibly associated with the need for "two ionizing events" for transformation to occur at low doses, the influence of cell sterilization at moderate doses, the likelihood of "wasted" dose at high doses, and/or the influence of factors that effect the expression of disease. PMID- 7237367 TI - Breast Cancer. AB - The pre-eminence of breast cancer as a significant cause of premature mortality and as the most prevalent cancer of women in North America justifies a major thrust in prevention. In the past, a number of hormonal risk factors were identified. Increasingly, evidence is being obtained to support the role of dietary risk factors and most particularly the total level of dietary fat. Overweight as a risk factor in postmenopausal women also points to the importance of dietary factors. It is concluded that the time is ripe for an active program of evaluating the effect of reduction in the consumption of total fat, particularly in adolescent, early adult and premenopausal women, and in reducing overweight in postmenopausal women, both as aspects of national policy and as special investigations in defined population groups. PMID- 7237366 TI - The epidemiology of cancer: an overview. AB - The contribution of cancer epidemiology to cancer prevention is in identifying risk factors, providing clues for understanding etiologic mechanisms, and in developing the scientific rationale for the effective application of preventive measures. Cancer mortality, incidence, and survival trends over 25 years (1950 1974) in the United States are reviewed for 12 selected sites in adult men and women. If both incidence and mortality for a specific cancer site remain unchanged or change proportionately over a period of years, no major change in survival should be anticipated. The patterns of occurrence and their etiologic implications are reviewed separately in American blacks and in children and young adults. The studies of geographic pathology and of various migrant populations have provided observational "experiments of nature" that have facilitated our understanding of cancer etiology by stimulating important paths of research. PMID- 7237368 TI - Uterine cancer (prevention). AB - Cancer prevention as related to the problem of cervical and endometrial cancer involves a great number of factors that are considered contributory to the development of neoplasms in the uterus. Lifestyles encouraging the development of cervical cancer are different from those encouraging endometrial cancer. Cancer of the cervix is a disease of the inner city. It is seen in those staring intercourse in their teens, having multiple partners, having many children, and coming from the low socioeconomic groups. Semen and herpes virus II may have an adverse effect on immature cells, but there are no hard data to confirm these roles. Cancer of the endometrium is a disease of suburbia. The American Cancer Society estimates that there will be 38,000 new cases of endometrial carcinoma in 1980, making it the most common female genital cancer. Women at highest risk for later carcinoma of the endometrium are those who have obesity, diabetes, infertility, irregular menses and failure of ovulation, adenomatous hyperplasia, and/or prolonged estrogen administration. For both cervical and endometrial cancers, it is possible to identify the high-risk patient, to detect changes at an early stage, and, by instituting appropriate therapy, to prevent a more serious problem. It is obvious that prevention, detection, and treatment are all closely intertwined. This paper identifies the patient at high risk and makes suggestions for correcting any imbalance that may predipose to the development of invasive cancer. PMID- 7237372 TI - Tumor imaging in diagnostic radiology. AB - Medical imaging benefitted from major technological advances during the decade of the 1970s. These newly evolving procedures have been accused of significantly adding to health care expenditures and confusing clinicians in the selection of the appropriate examination. The purpose of this presentation is to place these new technologies in their current perspectives, emphasizing the advantages and limitations of each. To illustrate the appropriate imaging technique, decision trees will be developed for each major anatomic site. In many instance, the complementary rather than competitive nature of these imaging studies will become apparent. Average national charges for these procedures will be shown to illustrate the impact of cost on these decisions. Each imaging decision must still be individualized to the patient and disease, as well as the institution's equipment and professional expertise. PMID- 7237370 TI - Principles of early detection of cancer. AB - Screening for the early detection of cancer offers the potential of increasing the number of patients whose cancer is diagnosed in a localized, curable stage. The operation of an efficient and effective early detection program requires that a number of conditions be fulfilled, some of which are difficult to attain. First, the target population for screening should be defined demographically and epidemiologically so that the screening program is designed to be responsive to the needs of that group, e.g., age, ethnic composition, special occupational or environmental circumstances. Furthermore, an appropriate means of communicating with the reference population must be established so that the group can be educated regarding cancer prevention and detection and motivated to use early detection programs. Screening for early detection should be carried out on two levels: primary screening for the identification of risk factors, and prescriptive screening for additional procedures ordered according to the patterns of risk factors, and prescriptive screening for additional procedures ordered according to the patterns of risk factors identified. The screening encounter should be an opportunity for health education regarding primary prevention, as well as early detection of cancer. Screening without follow-up for diagnosis and treatment is likely to be counterproductive; the patient must be provided with a means of entering the health care system when this is indicated by the screening examination. Follow-up of suspicious findings must also be carried out for end-result evaluation. Primary screening can be carried out successfully by allied health personnel under most circumstances. A program employing these principles is now being utilized by a number of independent clinics in a voluntary collaborative program called "CANSCREEN." Examples of the operational modes of this program will be presented. PMID- 7237371 TI - A productive history and physical examination in the prevention and early detection of cancer. AB - Family physicians must continually deal with the problem of an adequate evaluation of presymptomatic conditions on periodic health examinations. The medicoscientific community has produced little evidence that most traditional screening has improved morbidity and mortality statistics. Listening to the patient in a concerned, humanistic manner and thoroughly examining them will detect most cancer as well as its precursors. Enough must be known about risk factors, pathophysiology, and available therapy to be able to recommend the most efficient and productive plan for continued monitoring or for further work-up where indicated. Health screening techniques may be performed by nonphysicians, but they must supplement not replace the doctor-patient relationship if compliance is to be expected. PMID- 7237374 TI - Detection of endometrial cancer and its precursors. AB - Any approach to the control of endometrial cancer must include a consideration of the individual at high risk; this will include the obese, the infertile, those with failure of ovulation and dysfunctional bleeding; and those postmenopausal women who ae chronic estrogen users. The detection of adenomatous hyperplasia offers us the opportunity to recognize the developmental phase of the disease before invasion is established. The cytologic method of Papanicolaou, used in the conventional way, is inefficient for the detection of endometrial cancer. Cell studies taken by cannula from the endometrial cavity can be more accurate for the diagnosis of invasive cancer but fail in the hands of most pathologists to detect adenomatous hyperplasia. We have found the highest rate of accuracy in the aspiration curettage histologic method, both for endometrial cancer and adenomatous hyperplasia. It is quick, relatively painless in most, and an outpatient procedure that does not require anesthetic. It offers the pathologist a sample that is readily interpreted. Our public education effort must include the warning that a negative Pap smear does not rule out endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 7237373 TI - Breast cancer detection. AB - This review of methods of breast cancer detection refers briefly to some methodologies, which the author refers to as unestablished, and then comments on the role of physical examination and breast self-examination and mammography. Reference is made to risk factors in determining frequency of examination and the current recommendations of the American Cancer Society for guidelines of breast cancer examinations. PMID- 7237369 TI - The scientific basis for carcinogen detection and primary cancer prevention. AB - The primary prevention of specific human cancers must take into account the likelihood that most cancers result from a complex interaction between multiple environmental (exogenous) and host (endogenous) factors. In addition, the carcinogenic process often proceeds via multiple steps, including initiation, promotion, and progression. Therefore, assays are required that detect not only initiating carcinogens, but also tumor promoters, hormones, and various cofactors. The known biologic and biochemical properties of initiating carcinogens are reviewed and contrasted with those of tumor promoters. The implications of these differences with respect to the detection and assay of these agents are stressed. At present, the assay for tumor induction in rodents represents the major laboratory approach to carcinogen detection. The advantages and limitations of such studies are discussed. Certain recently developed short term tests for detecting initiating carcinogens are critically evaluated. Progress has also been made in the development of short-term assays for tumor promoters and in vitro systems that demonstrate synergistic interactions between initiating chemical carcinogens, promoters, and oncogenic viruses. Problems encountered in extrapolating findings from rodent bioassays and from short-term tests to the assessment of human risks are emphasized. Much more emphasis must be given to studies that integrate human clinical, laboratory and epidemiologic approaches, if we are to achieve more rational approaches to cancer prevention. PMID- 7237376 TI - Head and neck cancer: early detection. AB - Tumors of the head and neck have a wide variety of presentations. Simply stated however, a sore or soreness that persists, a lump that persists, particularly if non-tender, or evidence of nerve dysfunction such as hoarseness, facial weakness, or dysphagia should alert the astute observer to the probable existence of a neoplastic rather than an inflammatory process. High-risk factors brought out in a careful history enhance the probability. Careful inspection and palpation may reveal the probable diagnosis. A skillful biopsy is essential. In this regard, aspiration needle biopsy as well as large gauge needle biopsy are receiving renewed interest. Our colleagues in biochemistry, radiology, and nuclear medicine are providing increasing support in detection and delineation of extent of tumor for the physician. Biochemical studies, particularly for the detection and delineation of extent of tumor for the physician. Biochemical studies, particularly for the detection of thyroid cases, are important. Ultrasound equipment is being developed that may give much improved delineation of lesion consistency. Xerography is superior in some instances to radiography. Nuclear scanning remains integral in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. Modifications upgrading computerized axial tomography apparatus show promise of giving better delineation of the extent of disease. Arteriography remains essential in the diagnosis of carotid body tumors. PMID- 7237375 TI - Screening strategies for cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. AB - Exfoliative cytology is a highly sensitive and inexpensive screening technique for cervical cancer and its precursors. The detection and eradication of the precursors have led to a significant fall in cervical cancer incidence rates and death rates in those areas in which there has been widespread and prolonged use. Recently, however, the utility and cost-effectiveness of cytology has been questioned, and it has been suggested that screening strategies be altered. A consideration of the effect of the transit times of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia on screening intervals and the impact of the changing patterns of cervix cancer epidemiology on screening strategy suggests that a significant change in screening intervals may be counterproductive. PMID- 7237377 TI - Is cured early cancer truly cancer? AB - Is cured early cancer truly cancer? is a question that characterizes th dilemma created by pathologists who diagnose cancer while it is still microscopic. This question may be asked by those who hold the diagnosis of cancer valid if the individual patient succumbs, and may even accept a reduction in the mortality rate as a result of therapy; but the ultimate obviation of all deaths by therapeutic interdiction impugns the diagnosis. Both experimental and clinical data can help to explicate the rationale for the answer to the question. In experimental systems of neoplastically transformed cells, fully committed cancer cells are readily characterized biochemically, physiologically, and morphologically; and these cellular observations are the foundation for our understanding of the biology of cancer. We know that biologic neoplastic transformation can precede morphologic evidence of the change and that morphologic evidence of transformation does not always forbode inevitable lethal progression. Human in situ and minimal carcinoma are the earliest microscopic evidences of highly curable cancer. The spectrum considered also includes clinically indolent cancers which may be locally invasive but ordinarily have a low lethal potential, and those hopelessly disseminated cancers which spontaneously regress. Should these latter not be considered real cancers because they did not kill? The relative risk for fatal termination generally increases as the cancer becomes more clinically obvious. Although the minute microscopic cancers have a lethal potential, there is much still to be learned about the probability of their progression. The pathologist and therapist must ascertain and integrate all available data and make their best estimate of the clinical significance of the microscopic findings, giving due consideration to whether therapy is indicated, the extent of therapy required, the potential for physical and psychological disability, and cost. This information should be presented to and discussed with the patient, who must then decide, with the physician(s), what is best in these particular circumstances. PMID- 7237378 TI - Can human behavior be modified? AB - Human behavior is constantly being modified, though not as rapidly or always in the direction that health professionals might wish. In cancer prevention and detection programs, human behavior is modified by several common interrelated methods: the mass media; face-to-face communications; risk-immunization measures; economic forces; and the enactment of laws and regulations. Information and education are the preferred methods and have over a period of time achieved encouraging results. Further emphasis should focus on improving communication skills of health professionals, especially physicians; the promotion of hospital health education programs; and the support of more effective school health education programs. They should keep the public informed about the latest scientific advances while guarding against oversimplifying scientific facts that can be misinterpreted. They must be aggressive in the battle against cancer quackery, and they must keep abreast of the self-care and self-help movements, supporting those that contribute to cancer prevention and detection. PMID- 7237379 TI - Vitamins and cancer prevention: issues and dilemmas. AB - Vitamins are a class of organic compounds that are components of an adequate diet. They or their derivatives function as coenzymes, cellular antioxidants, and/or regulators of gene expression. Fourteen vitamins are recognized in human nutrition (Vitamins A, D, E, K, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, niacin, folacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, choline), with deficiencies or excesses in intake leading to changes in protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrates, fat and/or mineral metabolism. Thus, the integrity of physiological systems, including those associated with detoxification, cellular repair, immune processes, and neural and endocrine function, depends upon the nutritional and vitamin status of the host. For these reasons, it may be anticipated that the adequacy of the vitamin supply to cells and tissues would affect the development, progress, and outcome of cancers. In this review, the definition and functions of and requirements and recommended allowance for vitamins are discussed briefly before exploring the evidence, largely from studies in experimental animals, that indicates the nature of the link between vitamins and cancer. Although evidence based on studies in animal systems reveals that vitamin intake and status can modulate the outcome of experimental carcinogenesis, the findings are often conflicting and difficult to interpret. Furthermore, it is not yet possible to develop a suitable prediction of the role of the individual vitamins in tumor development. The significance of these observations for human nutrition and cancer prevention, particularly in reference to ascorbic acid (vitamin C), vitamin E, and B-complex vitamins is considered. Vitamin A and retinoid compounds are discussed elsewhere in the symposium. The many popular misconceptions and unsound advice concerning vitamins and health, including "fake" vitamins-pangamic acid ("vitamin B15") and laetrile ("vitamin B17")-are also discussed. On the basis of current evidence, it would be inappropriate to recommend either substantial changes in habitual vitamin intakes, as provided by an adequate, well-balanced diet, or promotion of megavitamin intakes, as a means of reducing risk from cancers in the human population. However, a prudent approach toward diet and food habits, as a means of better optimizing the health consequences of our complex lifestyle is to be recommended. PMID- 7237380 TI - Peritoneal malignant mesothelioma in a patient with recurrent peritonitis. AB - A patient is presented who developed a peritoneal malignant mesothelioma in association with severe persistent and recurrent diverticulitis. The case is unusual in that a spectrum of mesothelial proliferation was documented beginning initially as benign foci of mesothelial proliferation and passing through a stage of atypical proliferation before terminating as a malignant process. The possible role of the diverticular disease in the pathogenesis of the tumor is discussed. PMID- 7237381 TI - The macroscopic appearance of colorectal polyps. AB - The macroscopic (10 to 30 times magnification) surface features of 187 colonic lesions are described. The lesions were studied using a dissecting microscope and a 1% trypan blue solution as a contrast agent. Using five criteria, lesions were evaluated for the presence or absence of adenoma, the type of adenoma present, the presence of dysplasia or carcinoma-in-situ, and the presence of invasive carcinoma. The technique has proven to be a rapid, sensitive, and relatively specific means of separating tumors in the adenoma--carcinoma sequence from nonadenomatous lesions (sensitivity, 99%, specificity 90%). The technique is accurate in differentiating tubular, tubulovillous, and villous lesions. It is suggested that areas of dysplasia (sensitivity 100%, specificity 93%), carcinoma in-situ, and microinvasive carcinoma may also be differentiated, but need further investigation. The present study suggests that the macroscopic architecture of the various lesions in the adenoma--carcinoma sequence is unique and may be used diagnostically. These preliminary findings need to be confirmed in a prospective double-blind study, and to be adapted to use in colonoscopic and radiologic diagnosis. PMID- 7237382 TI - Carcinosarcoma of the uterine cervix: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - A case of carcinosarcoma of the uterine cervix is presented. Light microscopic and ultrastructural features of the tumor are described. While the epithelial component had the appearance of a carcinoma arising from endocervical epithelium, the stromal component was composed of malignant smooth muscle cells together with some cells having the charactristics of malignant fibroblasts. The tumor is considered to arise from the mullerian tract mesoderm and to be part of the spectrum of tumors which range from the totally benign adenofibroma to the malignant heterologous mixed mesodermal tumor. PMID- 7237383 TI - Endometrial extension of carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a prognostic factor that may modify staging. AB - A retrospective review was done of 473 patients with histologically proven primary carcinoma of the uterine cervix on whom a dilatation and curettage (D & C) was performed during the initial workup. The pathologic features of the D & C specimens were classified as: (1) endometrial stomal invasion of cervical carcinoma; (2) tumor only, cervical carcinoma in D & C, normal endometrium absent; (3) admixture of normal endometrium and cervical carcinoma (contamination); (4) D & C negative for tumor. The patients were staged according to the FIGO classification. Eighty-two percent (388) of the patients were treated with radiation alone and the rest with a combination including surgical procedures (usually radical hystrectomy with lymphadenectomy). The three- and five-year survival rates were 10% to 20% lower for patients with D & C showing stromal invasion or tumor only than in patients with admixture or negative D & C. These results were coupled with an appreciably higher number of distant metastases in the patients with positive D & C and a lower incidence in patients with negative D & C. The authors suggest that endometrial extension of carcinoma of the uterine cervix may be an important factor in the staging classification of these patients and recommend that D & C always be done in the initial evaluation. Because of the high incidence of distant metastasis, effective adjuvant therapy must be developed to improve the present therapeutic results. PMID- 7237385 TI - A new prognostic classification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia derived from a multivariate survival analysis. AB - Survivals of two series of CLL patients (99 from a retrospective series and 196 from a prospective series) were studied separately. The three main staging systems (Rai, Binet, Rundles) agreed well, but as far as survival is concerned, too many stages are defined. The authors performed a Cox multivariate analysis of survival in order to isolate important prognostic factors at diagnosis and to use them to build a simple three-stage classification. Thrombopenia and anemia appeared as the most important risk factors. Among the nonanemic and nonthrombopenic patients, the number of involved areas was clearly related to prognosis in the authors' two series. This study allowed the authors to propose a new classification in three prognostic groups. Group C: anemia (Hb less than 10 g) and/or thrombopenia (platelets less than 100,000/mm3); about 15% of the patients; median of 2 years. Group B: no anemia, no thrombopenia, three or more involved areas (counting as one each of the following: axillary, cervical, inguinal, lymph nodes, whether unilateral or bilateral, spleen and liver); about 30% of patients; median of 7 years. Group A: no anemia, no thrombopenia, less than three involved areas; about 55% of patients; the survival of this group does not seem different from that of the French population of the same age and sex distribution. This three-stage classification only requires clinical examination and routine hemogram, has a good prognostic value which was confirmed on the series of Montserrat and Rozman (146 patients), and should therefore be helpful in planning new clinical trials. PMID- 7237384 TI - Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 34 cases. AB - Thirty-four cases of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor were studied. All tumors were limited to the ovary at the time of initial surgery. Eight tumors were well differentiated, 15 were of intermediate differentiation, and 11 were poorly differentiated. Six cases contained heterologous elements. The less differentiated tumors occurred in patients with a lower median age and were more likely to produce androgenic manifestations. Follow-up of one year or longer was obtained in 15 patients, with an average follow-up in these patients of 6.1 years. Only one patient, who had a poorly differentiated tumor, died of the neoplasm in this series. Although follow-up was limited in this study, our findings suggest that the better differentiated tumors have a relatively favorable prognosis. This neoplasm is composed of sex-cord and stromal elements, and its components have the capacity to a greater or lesser extent to recapitulate the cells of the testis at different stages of development. PMID- 7237386 TI - 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin-C (Hi-FAM) chemotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the lung. AB - Thirty patients with unresectable adenocarcinoma of the lung were treated with high doses of 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin, and mitomycin-C (Hi-FAM). Objective responses were seen in ten patients (one complete and nine partial remissions). No patient with pleural disease responded to treatment. Responses were seen in all other sites of involvement including liver. In a subgroup of patients younger than 65 years, who had not had prior treatment, and who had a performance status of greater than 60 (Karnofsky), an overall response rate of 50% was realized. The overall median survival for responding patients was 10+ months while nonresponders had a median survival of 5.21 months. Patients who had had prior irradiation had a median survival of 4.81 months compared with patients who had not had any prior treatment, whose median survival was 8.45 months. Toxicity was substantial and included primarily bone marrow suppression and stomatitis. Elderly patients with poor performance status and prior treatment tolerated therapy less well. These results indicate that Hi-FAM is useful in selected groups of patients with advanced adenocrcinoma of the lung. PMID- 7237388 TI - Primary cerebral germinoma and ventriculoperitoneal shunt metastasis. AB - A case of peritoneal metastasis via a ventriculoperitoneal shunt 14 months following biopsy and irradiation of an intracerebral germinoma is presented. Metastatic abdominal disease has been controlled at 32 months postmetastatic diagnosis by abdominal irradiation and systemic chemotherapy. The occurrence of ventriculoperitoneal shunt metastases and control of extracranial metastases from intracerebral germinomas are discussed. PMID- 7237390 TI - Metronidazole and interstitial implantation in the treatment of extensive recurrent head and neck cancers. PMID- 7237387 TI - Breast carcinoma masquerading as primary ovarian neoplasm. AB - Metastases which present as palpable masses in the pelvis occasionally masquerade as primary neoplasms of the ovary. Although most such cancers originate in the stomach and large intestine, the histories of two patients are presented in whom the ovarian tumors were discovered prior to the detection of the breast primary. Three similar cases were found in the literature and are reviewed. PMID- 7237389 TI - Medulloblastoma in childhood: long-term results of treatment. AB - Thirty-one children under the age of 15 years with verified medulloblastoma were treated at Addenbrookes Hospital from 1940 to 1976. In addition to surgical treatment, all received high dose irradiation to the whole neuraxis. Nine were still alive in 1979, of whom eight were examined. All these patients showed some residual problems, but five were leading active lives and had only minor physical disability. There was evidence of disturbance in growth, with shortening of the spine in relation to the limbs, in all the children. The height centile was lower than expected from parental height in four and one was severely dwarfed. Growth hormone secretion in response to exercise was, however, normal in five of six patients tested. Three children also showed failure of growth of the jaw sufficiently severe to be a cosmetic problem. Frank mental retardation was present in three children. A raised resting TSH level was found in two children, one of whom had a multinodular goiter. Of the three children with severe problems, two had been treated when under two years of age. Long-term follow-up of children who survive medulloblastoma is clearly necessary and consideration should perhaps be given to revision of current treatment regimes in very young children. PMID- 7237391 TI - Coexistence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease. AB - Two cases with coexistent chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and Hodgkin's disease (HD) are reported. The HD was discovered on biopsy specimens of enlarged lymph nodes, four and two years, respectively, after the initial diagnosis of CLL. Although CLL and HD are usually regarded as two distinct lymphoproliferative disorders, 35 cases of HD complicating CLL have been reported. A review of this literature and the author's two cases suggest that the coexistence of these two entities represent separate and unrelated lymphoproliferative disease. The use of lymphocyte cell surface marker analysis in the second case supports this conclusion. PMID- 7237392 TI - Preoperative whole pelvic external irradiation in stage I endometrial cancer. AB - Between 1966 and 1978, 201 patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium were treated at two hospitals in San Diego. Of these patients, 161 had disease limited to the corpus at the time of diagnosis. The majority of these patients received external whole-pelvic irradiation, followed as soon as possible by simple extrafascial hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. When this treatment method was used, actuarial survivals of 95% for Stage I disease were achieved. Also reported is the low incidence of wound complications in the group of patients operated soon after cessation of irradiation. The patients treated in this fashion had good survival rates, little morbidity from the adjunctive irradiation, and fewer wound complications than previously anticipated. PMID- 7237393 TI - Surgery alone or combined with radiation therapy in esophageal carcinoma. AB - Two patient-materials with esophageal carcinoma are analyzed: a group of 22 patients who, during the period 1971-1974, were treated with esophageal resection followed by esophagogastrostomy or colonic interpolation; a second group of 28 patients from 1975-1978, who were treated in the same way, but also given either preoperative or postoperative radiation therapy, or both. Surgical mortality was about the same in the two groups: 25-32%. The group given radiation therapy had a one-year survival rate of 50%, as compared with 23% in the group treated solely with surgery. All 24 patients given combined therapy, with all or part of the absorbed dose of 24-47 Gy given preoperatively, showed vital cancer in resected specimens. Vital cancer was found in the periesophageal nodes in only six patients (25%), however; patients given no preoperative radiation therapy had tumor in 20 of 26 cases (77%; P less than 0.01). Celiac nodes were resected at laparotomy; when malignancy was found, the celiac region was irradiated postoperatively. This finding does not appear to exclude long-term survival, as two patients with metastases to the celiac nodes at operation are alive 16 and 20.5 months following surgery. Simple compared to troublesome dissection gives a better rate of survival. The spleen was unintentionally injured in 21 patients at laparotomy and had to be removed. One-year survival was better in patients with intact spleen, especially in those who also had radiation therapy. Patients with resected spleen succumbed from metastases more often than from mediastinal recurrence, as compared with the patients with intact spleen. PMID- 7237396 TI - Response of lymphangiectasis to radiotherapy. AB - A 14-year-old girl with lymphangiectasis of the skull causing rapid extensive destruction of the left orbit, zygoma, mandible, sphenoid, and occiput underwent radiotherapy with 2000 rad to the entire skull, mandible, and upper cervical vertebrae. Three years later, progression of the disease has ceased, and the involved bone is slowly remineralizing. PMID- 7237395 TI - Combination chemotherapy for breast cancer metastatic to bone marrow. AB - Seventy-nine patients with metastatic breast cancer underwent examination of their bone marrow as part of their staging workup. Thirty-one (39%) showed no evidence of bone marrow involvement (BM-); 48 (61%) were found to have bone marrow metastases (BM+). Both groups of patients were treated with intensive chemotherapy with 5-FU, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and nonspecific immunotherapy with BCG, methanol extraction residue, or Levamisole. The groups were comparable in age, race, menopausal status, and disease-free interval; however, the BM+ group had a higher proportion of patients with dominant osseous disease and a somewhat lower overall tumor burden. Ten of 21 patients in the BM+ group treated with 100% of the calculated dose of chemotherapy are still alive, compared with only three of 27 patients treated with lower doses. A similar dose response was observed in the BM- group. Myelosuppression was more common and more severe in the BM+ group. Hematologic support, i.e., packed erythrocytes and platelet transfusions, was required in 60% of BM+ patients, as opposed to 26% of BM-. Infectious complications were also higher in the BM+ group, in which five episodes of sepsis and two infectious deaths were observed. These results suggest that metastatic breast cancer patients with bone marrow invasion achieve excellent palliation with aggressive high-dose chemotherapy. Higher morbidity requiring aggressive supportive care suggests that these patients should be treated by physicians and centers experienced in their management. PMID- 7237397 TI - Comparative morphology of primary and secondary deposits of prostatic adenocarcinoma. AB - In 42 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate, histopathologic specimens of the original prostatic biopsy and lymphatic metastasis were classified using the grading system of tumor differentiation described by Gleason et al. The observed similarity between prostatic biopsy morphologic and the morphology in the corresponding lymphatic metastasis supports the concept that the histologic growth pattern of the primary tumor is reduplicated in the metastatic lesions. The observation that a more anaplastic pattern did not appear in the metastatic deposits implies that factors other than cellular loss of differentiation are responsible for the cells' ability to metastasize. PMID- 7237394 TI - A linkage study of HLA and inherited adenocarcinoma of the colon. AB - A kindred with the familial cancer syndrome is reported in which every confirmed affected member of the pedigree had at least one primary carcinoma of the colon. The average age at which cancer appeared was 38 years, and multiple primary neoplasm occurred in 23% of the cancer patients. Transmission of the cancer trait is consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Colonoscopy eliminated the presence of any unsuspected cancers in family members at risk. HLA typing was done, and by direct typing or inference, data were available on 66 living and deceased individuals. There were four informative matings in the kindred, the offspring of which showed only three crossovers of a possible 17. The lod score totaled 1.06 at a recombination fraction of 0.20. The need for cooperative efforts of many investigators in HLA linkage studies is emphasized, along with the potential value of such an approach. PMID- 7237398 TI - Primary liposarcoma of bone: light and electron microscopic study. AB - The case history of a patient with primary liposarcoma of the humerus associated with a schwannoma of the radial nerve in the arm is described. Ultrastructurally, the neoplasm showed multiple and varied lipid droplets, dilated RER, mitochondria with electron-dense matrix, and microfilaments as the most prominent features. It is concluded, based on these ultrastructural observations, that liposarcoma of the bone is similar to pleomorphic liposarcoma arising in the soft tissues. This is the first ultrastructural study of a primary liposarcoma of the bone and the first reported association of this tumor with a schwannoma. The possible pathogenetic relationship between both tumors remains unknown. PMID- 7237399 TI - Parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma in the young. AB - Forty cases of young patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma or undifferentiated sarcoma in parameningeal sites of the head and neck were reviewed. All 40 were treated with radiation therapy in conjunction with surgery and 16 were also treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. The overall five year survival rate was 35%. A primary tumor dose of at least 5000 rad resulted in a significantly greater survival rate compared with lesser doses. Meningeal involvement at diagnosis was present in 20 patients (50%) and the 30% five year survival rate for this group was no different than that for patients without initial meningeal involvement (41%). At first or second relapse, meningeal involvement was present in six of 37 patients and in two patients this occurred as an isolated event with distant meningeal seeding; in four other patients, meningeal involvement was a manifestation of local recurrence. As of the time of the last follow-up examination, control of the primary tumor had been achieved in 22 of the 40 (55%). It is considered that primary tumor radiation treatment parameters may be critical in determining the incidence of subsequent meningeal relapse. PMID- 7237400 TI - Malignant lymphoepithelial lesion of the parotid gland: poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with lymphoid stroma. AB - The case of a European patient with a malignant lymphoepithelial lesion of epithelial type is presented. This type of tumor has an exceptionally high incidence among Eskimos. To the authors' knowledge this is the first case reported with an ultrastructural study that demonstrates the squamous nature of the tumor cells. PMID- 7237402 TI - Papillary carcinoid tumor of the lung. AB - Carcinoid tumors of the lung have a wide histologic spectrum. The histologic differential diagnosis of papillary tumors in the lung generally does not include carcinoid. A carcinoid tumor that formed a discrete coin lesion on chest radiograph is presented in this report. On gross examination the center appeared and felt spongy. On microscopic examination delicate, compacted papillae were separated by a serpentine space continuous with air spaces at the periphery of the tumor. The papillae were each composed of a fibrovascular core, an undulating basement membrane separating stroma from epithelial cells, and cuboidal clear and dark cells that proved to be, respectively, healthy and degenerate cells of carcinoid tumor with neurosecretory granules. Upon the carcinoid cells, draped in the manner of an umbrella, were nonciliated, respiratory cells that proved to be Clara cells. The various histologic patterns of bronchopulmonary carcinoids and the differential diagnosis of papillary tumors within the lung are tabulated. PMID- 7237401 TI - Estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast carcinoma: correlations with epidemiology and pathology. AB - Analysis of estrogen receptor protein (ERP) was carried out on 784 patients with primary breast carcinomas. Significant relationships were found with the following epidemiologic features; age at diagnosis, menstrual status, race, and use of exogenous hormones (contraceptive and menopausal estrogens). Patients taking either type of hormone at diagnosis had lower median total ERP binding levels. Although the data do not explain how recent hormone usage affects tumor ERP, it seems advisable to discontinue these hormones as early as possible before a breast biopsy because they may cause spuriously low ERP levels. Correlation with pathology variables confirmed most prior observations relating to tumor type, histologic grade, and lymphocytic infiltrate. However, in this large series, infiltrating lobular carcinomas were not ERP-positive more frequently than duct carcinomas to any significant degree. The pattern of progesterone receptors (PRP) did not vary significantly with menstrual status, but in other respects correlations of epidemiologic and pathologic variables were similar for ERP and PRP. PMID- 7237403 TI - Acanthosis nigricans and the sign of Leser-Trelat associated with adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. AB - A case of adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder associated with acanthosis nigricans and the sign of Leser-Trelat is presented. The significant underrepresentation of adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder in association with malignant acanthosis nigricans is noted. If malignant acanthosis nigricans is caused by an ectopic peptide, a relative lack of production of the postulated substance by gallbladder adenocarcinoma cells could account for this finding. PMID- 7237404 TI - Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: a study of 21 pediatric cases. AB - Twenty-one cases of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in pediatric patients are presented and compared with 40 cases previously reported. In this series, the lesion was usually asymptomatic (95%) and presented as a nontender mass noted on routine physical examination or was discovered incidentally at autopsy. There was a distinct female predominance (81%). Radiographic examination demonstrated a vascular space-occupying hepatic mass. The lesions were noted bilaterally or in the left lobe in 62% of cases. They were large, nonencapsulated, firm masses with central stellate areas subdividing the lesions into multiple lobules. Microscopically, septa contained eccentrically thickened vessels, small bile ducts, and an acute and/or chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Hepatocytes resembled those of the normal liver but some contained increased glycogen and fat. The lesions had no malignant potential and, except in women taking oral contraceptives, could be treated conservatively. PMID- 7237405 TI - Sequential bilateral germ cell testicular tumors of different cell types. AB - A case of bilateral successive testicular cancer of different cell types (seminoma and embryonal carcinoma) is presented. The time interval between the two tumors was 30 months. Previous reports in English of bilateral testicular tumors are briefly reviewed. PMID- 7237406 TI - Hairy cell leukemia: association with disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection. AB - The cases of four patients with hairy cell leukemia and disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection (three with M. kansasii and one with M. intracellulare) are reported. These four patients were from a population of 38 patients with hairy cell leukemia evaluated at three institutions; there was an incidence figure of 10.5%. Despite infection with very drug-resistant strains, two patients showed marked clinical improvement following aggressive multiple drug therapy. Such infection should be suspected in a patient with hairy cell leukemia who has persistent fever without an obvious source. Tissue biopsy usually led to diagnosis; urine cultures were also positive in two patients. PMID- 7237407 TI - Intracerebral metastases in solid-tumor patients: natural history and results of treatment. AB - In order to determine the natural history and results of treatment of intracerebral metastases in solid-tumor patients, the records of 191 patients with an antemortem diagnosis of intracerebral metastasis made during the period from August 1974 to November 1978 were reviewed. Malignancies included lung (122 patients), breast (26), unknown primary (16), melanoma (8), colorectal (6), hypernephroma (4), and others (12). Favorable prognostic factors included solitary brain metastasis (P less than 0.001), ambulatory performance status (P less than 0.001), symptoms of headache (P less than 0.001), or visual disturbances (P less than 0.02), and estrogen receptor positivity in breast cancer patients (P = 0.055). Poor prognostic factors included advanced age (P less than 0.04) and evidence of impaired consciousness, i.e., disorientation, lethargy, stupor, or coma (P less than 0.007). Median survival time after diagnosis of intracerebral metastasis was 3.7 months for the entire series. In those patients with a single intracerebral metastasis and minimal tumor burden, the type of treatment used had a significant impact on survival. Those cases treated with surgery and radiation had a median survival time of 9.7 months versus 3.7 months for those treated with radiation alone (P less than 0.02). When using a proportional hazard regression analysis to adjust for the three most important prognostic factors, treatment (surgery and radiation versus radiation alone) still appeared to be important. Intracerebral metastases were the immediate or contributing cause of death in 50% of the patients in this series. Patients at greater risk of dying of intracerebral metastases included those in whom the brain was the first site of distant metastasis, those with an intracerebral metastasis from an unknown primary site, and those whose presentation of malignancy was with symptoms of a brain metastasis. Although the therapeutic goal in intracerebral metastases is generally palliative, it appears that there are categories of cases that may benefit from more aggressive treatment. PMID- 7237408 TI - Leptomeningeal spread of breast cancer: report of case and review of the literature. AB - Leptomeningeal metastasis--so-called "meningeal carcinomatosis"--of breast carcinoma has become a problem of some magnitude in recent years, in part a result of the increasing use of combination chemotherapy in the treatment of this disease. Early clinical diagnosis, based on the recognition of multifocal neurologic dysfunction, and aggressive therapy combining irradiation to severely symptomatic sites with intrathecal chemotherapy are considered primordial in order to improve the poor prognosis of the untreated lesion. This is especially true in view of the fact that meningeal metastasis often occurs as the sole site of recurrence in an otherwise asymptomatic patient. Hence, relief of neurologic symptoms can provide meaningful palliation and an occasional long-term survivor. If meningeal metastasis continues to increase in breast cancer patients, prophylactic CNS treatment may become a consideration. PMID- 7237409 TI - Five-year-plus survival of breast screenees. AB - Seven years have elapsed since the first group of screenees were examined in the Georgia Baptist Medical Center (BCDDP). Of 8058 women studied, 135 had cancer. Forty-five percent of the tumors were found by x-ray alone. In 912 biopsies, 10.9% had axillary metastases and 8.5% had bilateral cancer. Among patients under 50 years of age, 26 had cancer lesions of which were less than 1 cm in diameter. There were 21 in situ carcinomas. Among those over 50 years of age, 46 had lesions 16 of which were 1 cm or less in diameter. There were 26 in situ carcinomas. Three of this latter group have died. Of those women undergoing surgery five or more years ago, 21 were in the group of patients under 50 years of age; one has died. Thirty-eight were in the group over 50 years of age and two have died. This is a 94.2% five-year survival rate. Two others are living with metastatic lesions, a five-year disease-free rate of 93.01%. PMID- 7237410 TI - Malignant melanoma of the skin occurring during pregnancy. AB - The clinical course of melanoma of the skin diagnosed during pregnancy was compared with a control population of women with melanoma that occurred during the childbearing years, as recorded by the Connecticut Tumor Registry. The survival at three and five years for the 12 patients whose melanoma developed during pregnancy was significantly worse than for 175 nonpregnant controls (five year survival 55% for pregnant women compared with 83% for nonpregnant women, P less than 0.05). Melanoma during pregnancy tended to occur more often on the trunk, a prognostically poor site, and at more advanced stage of disease than in nonpregnant women. However, when pregnant patients were matched to random, nonpregnant case-controls by age, anatomic site of primary lesion, and stage at diagnosis, three- and five-year survivals were not different. The number of pregnant women observed among this group of women was not substantially higher than expected, when estimated from Connecticut live birth rates: 13.3 pregnancies were expected and 12 pregnant women were actually observed. However, an unknown number of pregnancies end in abortion, making more exact estimates impossible. Melanoma occurring during pregnancy usually carries a poor prognosis, but once the disease is diagnosed, the course is not worse than expected considering stage of disease and primary site. PMID- 7237411 TI - Malignant epithelial tumors of the anal canal. AB - A simplified staging for malignant epithelial tumors of the anal canal is presented. The pattern of recurrence in males is pelvic and perineum, in females pelvis and posterior vaginal wall. Concomitant posterior vaginectomy is advocated. The disease is more common in females than males (4:1). There is little difference between histologic types, i.e. cloacagenic or squamous cell type. Recurrence and survival depend upon depth of invasion and extent of spread rather than histologic cell type. The tumors respond to well-designed surgery, radiotherapy and probably chemotherapy. PMID- 7237412 TI - Induction of specific protein synthesis by phorbol esters in mouse epidermal cell culture. AB - The induction of specific protein synthesis by the tumor promoter, 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), was studied in cultured mouse epidermal cells by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after pulse-labeling with [35S]methionine. While overall protein synthesis was moderately inhibited by TPA, the synthesis of five specific proteins was increased. Three of these proteins (M.W. 25,000, M.W. 55,000, and M.W. 70,000) were either not synthesized or synthesized at low rates in untreated cells, while two proteins (M.W. 35,000 and M.W. 50,000) were also synthesized in controls but to a lesser extent than in TPA treated cells. Increased synthesis of the M.W. 50,000 protein could be seen as early as 1 hr after TPA exposure, while maximum induction of all proteins was observed at 6 hr. By 24 hr, synthesis rates of these proteins had returned to near basal levels even if TPA exposure was continued. The amino acid analog canavanine (at levels which inhibited protein synthesis to the same extent as does TPA) or nonpromoting analogs of TPA did not induce these proteins. Pulse chase studies indicated that these proteins were not degradation products which may have resulted from TPA exposure and that the M.W. 25,000 and M.W. 35,000 protein appear to be rapidly turned over. 32PO4 labeling indicated that only the M.W. 55,000 protein was significantly phosphorylated and that TPA did not induce a qualitative change in the pattern of phosphorylation of epidermal proteins. Definitive identification of these proteins has not been made, but the specific stimulation of their synthesis supports a model of tumor promoter action in which promoters induce a specific program of changes in macromolecular synthesis in the epidermis. PMID- 7237413 TI - Nitrogen utilization in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor treated with Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase. AB - The effects of Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase (AGA) on protein and energy requirements were evaluated in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors. In an initial experiment with normal mice, a zero protein diet resulted in a significant decrease in carcass nitrogen, liver nitrogen, and carcass energy relative to the animals on a normal, low, or high protein diet. In a second experiment, mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors were randomized into diet groups (zero or normal protein) and treatment groups (daily injections of AGA or 0.9% NaCl solution). In both treatment groups, the zero protein diet resulted in significant decreases in weight, liver nitrogen, carcass nitrogen, and carcass energy. Neither tumor nor AGA treatment affected body composition or the efficiency of nitrogen utilization. By Day 8, either the zero protein diet or AGA treatment significantly reduced ascites volume and tumor nitrogen content relative to controls. In a modification of Experiment 2, AGA treatment was stopped on Day 8, and all animals were given a normal protein diet. AGA, but not the zero protein diet, significantly enhanced ultimate survival. These experiments indicate that the requirements and utilization of energy and nitrogen are normal in mice with Ehrlich ascites tumor whether or not they are treated with AGA. PMID- 7237414 TI - Hybrid antibodies with dual specificity for the delivery of ricin to immunoglobulin-bearing target cells. AB - Hybrid antibodies possessing one binding site for the toxic lectin ricin and a companion site directed against human immunoglobulin were constructed in vitro. This bifunctional reagent specifically attached to human lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin determinants and, thus situated, could simultaneously capture ricin molecules or its toxic A chain. Attachment of these components to the cell was revealed by specific fluorescein-labeled antibodies. Once concentrated at the target cell membrane, hybrid-bound toxin was subsequently released to function via its normal mechanism of biological action. It gained access to ribosomes, its intracellular target, and curtailed protein synthesis. Toxicity was not augmented for immunoglobulin-negative cells to which hybrid could not bind and free human immunoglobulin G could competitively block the enhanced effects observed for immunoglobulin-bearing cell lines. These results indicate that hybrid antibodies may be utilized to carry active agents within close proximity to the membrane of a specified cell type and thereby selectively enhance their effect. PMID- 7237416 TI - Autoradiographic study of the distribution of bound radioactivity in the respiratory tract of Syrian hamsters given N-[3H]nitrosodiethylamine. AB - Adult Syrian golden hamsters received a single intragastric dose of N [3H]nitrosodiethylamine. Their tracheas, extrapulmonary stem bronchi, and lungs were processed for high-resolution light-microscopic autoradiography to monitor the distribution of bound radioactivity. In the trachea and extrapulmonary stem bronchi, mucous cells contained the most bound radioactivity, while in the lobar and segmental bronchi and bronchioles, Clara cells were the major site of binding. In conjunction with earlier conducted studies on the pathogenesis of N [3H]nitrosodiethylamine-induced respiratory tract tumors, these findings indicate that metabolic competence and a preexisting capacity for proliferation are important factors in determining the target cell types of this compound. PMID- 7237415 TI - Effects of protease inhibitors on radiation transformation in vitro. AB - We have investigated the effects of three protease inhibitors, antipain, leupeptin, and soybean trypsin inhibitor, on the induction of oncogenic transformation in mouse C3H10T 1/2 cells by X-rays. The patterns of inhibition by the three protease inhibitors were different. Antipain was the most effective, having the ability to suppress completely radiation transformation as well as radiation transformation enhanced by the phorbol ester promoting agent 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. The fact that antipain could suppress transformation when present for only 1 day following irradiation suggests that an effect on a DNA repair process might be important in its action. Leupeptin was less effective than antipain in its inhibition of radiation transformation. Soybean trypsin inhibitor suppressed only the promotional effects of 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on transformation. Our results suggest that there may be more than one protease involved in carcinogenesis. PMID- 7237417 TI - Ultrastructural study of rat liver and liver neoplasms after long-term treatment with phenobarbital. AB - The purpose of this investigation is to study the ultrastructure of liver and liver neoplasms after long-term administration of phenobarbital. Liver from female Charles River rats treated with 0.1% sodium phenobarbital by dietary admix for 60, 180, or 113 weeks was examined; liver neoplasms present at 108 or 113 weeks were also examined. At 60 weeks, an outstanding feature of most hepatocytes was the extensive proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, increase in autophage vacuoles, lysosomes, blebbing, and Kupffer cells containing phagosomes. At 108 or 113 weeks, additional changes in liver included an abundance of myelin figures in vacuoles, sinusoids, and bile canaliculi and the occasional appearance of whorls of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Hepatocytes from liver neoplasms, all identified as well-differentiated hepatic cell neoplasms, contained voluminous whorls and large phagosomes filled with whorls, myelin figures, and cellular debris. The phagosomes were present both intracytoplasmic and intrasinusoidal, either partially or completely surrounded by Kupffer cell extensions. These cellular alterations are interpreted as evidence of adaptive cellular responses. PMID- 7237418 TI - Structural consequences of modification of the oxygen atom of guanine in DNA by the carcinogen N-hydroxy-1-naphthylamine. PMID- 7237419 TI - Effect of immune response to sheep red blood cells on plasmacytoma MOPC 104 E. AB - BALB/c mice were given 1 x 10(6) MOPC 104E plasmacytoma cells i.v. to disseminate the neoplasm to various organs. Twenty-five days after implantation and at a time when the neoplastic B-cell clone was in the exponential growth phase, the mice were given i.p. injections of a mixture of antigens containing sheep red blood cells and levan. Each mouse was monitored simultaneously for immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-dextran myeloma protein produced by the plasmacytoma and anti-sheep red blood cell hemolysin. The increase and decrease of these markers permit assessment of the expansion of the abnormal B-cell clone during the rise and fall of a normal B-cell clone in response to a specific antigen. The model was used to determine (a) the extent of the suppression of myeloma protein, (b) how long inhibition can be maintained, and (c) how soon it occurs after antigen is administered. The results showed that, as the IgM antibody response to sheep red blood cells begins to peak, it exerts a transient suppressive effect on either the MOPC 104E growth or on the cellular release of MOPC 104E IgM. The suppressive effect was noticeable 4 days after antigen administration for only 24 hr. These results indicated that plasmacytoma cells in vivo can recognize signals for either suppression of growth or release of the idiotypic MOPC 104E IgM and were not inconsistent with the view that myeloma may be the result of a defect in B cell regulation. PMID- 7237420 TI - Quantitative interlake comparison of thyroid pathology in Great Lakes coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) salmon. AB - Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from Lakes Ontario, Michigan, Erie, or Huron were found to suffer epizootics of thyroid hyperplasia and goiters which appeared to have an environmental etiology. There were 13-fold differences in goiter prevalence within the Great Lakes, and the differences in goiter frequency were correlated with the degree of thyroid hyperplasia. A means of assessing the degree of thyroid hyperplasia (thyroid index) is described, and the derived index was used to facilitate statistical interlake and interspecies comparisons. Despite the hyperplastic (or goitered) condition in all prespawning or spawning Great Lakes salmon, serum thyroid hormone levels were generally higher than in prespawning coho salmon from the Fraser River, British Columbia, indicating that the Great Lakes fish were not necessarily hypothyroid. The hyperplastic lesions appear to undergo progressive changes: (a) large follicles, partly colloid depleted, surrounded by cuboidal epithelial cells; (b) small follicles, largely colloid depleted, surrounded by columnar epithelial cells (in this form, the follicles commonly assume a trabeculate arrangement); (c) "microfollicles" with greatly enlarged columnar epithelial cells encompassing very small follicles; (d) apparently afollicular lesions with little or no colloid in evidence. There was some evidence of benign invasiveness, although the lesions generally resembled simple hyperplastic parenchymatous goiters seen in humans. PMID- 7237422 TI - Macrophage-induced enhancement of endogenous tumor lysosome activity. AB - Activated macrophages have the capacity of selectively injure neoplastic cells. Morphological observations by others suggest that the final effectors of macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity are lysosomes of activated macrophage origin which are translocated directly into susceptible target cells. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively determine if elevated levels of specific lysosomal activity are present in tumor cells exposed to activated macrophages in vitro. Effector macrophages were obtained from the peritoneal cavities of A/BiF/F50+ and C3H/HeN(MTV-) glucan-treated mice in which the mammary tumor virus is negative. Target cells were tumorigenic and nontumorigenic fibroblast cell lines derived from the same two strains. Macrophage-dependent target cell cytotoxicity was quantitated using [3H]thymidine incorporation inhibition and 51Cr postlabeling assays. Tumor lysosome activity was quantitated using newly developed microspectrophotometric assays for the lysosomal hydrolase acid phosphatase and for the lysosomotropic probe acridine orange. The results demonstrate that the specific lysosomal activity of tumor target cells correlates directly with the degree of tumor cytotoxicity generated by effector macrophages. Interestingly, this macrophage-induced elevation of tumor lysosome activity does not appear to represent the acquisition of macrophage-derived organelles; rather, it appears to represent an increase in the number or size of intact, endogenous tumor lysosomes due to macrophage-dependent reduction of tumor cell density. This finding suggest that clinically proven tumor growth-reducing regimens such as host macrophage activation may be useful adjuncts to cancer therapies designed to selectively promote and labilize tumor cell lysosomes. PMID- 7237421 TI - Action spectra for ultraviolet light-induced transformation of human cells to anchorage-independent growth. AB - We have determined action spectra for transformation of human embryonic skin and muscle fibroblasts to anchorage-independent growth. Tests under our experimental conditions indicate that reciprocity holds for photon rate and exposure time and that all the dose-effect curves in the wavelength range of 248 to 297 nm are smaller. These data can be used to construct action spectra with a maximum at about 265 nm, which do not implicate moieties other than nucleic acids as absorbers in the transformation process. PMID- 7237423 TI - Template specificity of DNA binding by nogalamycin and its analogs utilizing competitive fluorescence polarization. AB - Nogalamycin, an anthracycline antibiotic, interacts with DNA. This interaction is measured by a competitive fluorescence polarization assay in which nogalamycin displaces acridine orange. The amount of acridine orange displaced is dependent upon the concentration and DNA-binding capability of the drug. The relative DNA binding capacities of several nogalamycin analogs are also determined by this method. A comparison of these results with circular dichroism and thermal denaturation yields a positive correlation. The base-pair specificities of these compounds are also evaluated by competitive fluorescence polarization using DNA's of differing base composition. These results indicate that compounds containing the nogalose moiety generally prefer adenine and thymine. On the other hand, some of the 7-O-alkyl analogs appear to interact similarly with DNA's of differing base composition, and others show a preference for DNA's with high guanine and cytosine content. Specificities obtained with this method are compared with DNA thermal denaturation and polymerase inhibition studies. The potential value of this relatively new competitive method for the study of DNA-reactive antitumor compounds is discussed. PMID- 7237424 TI - Kinetics of phototoxicity of Fischer's medium for L5178Y leukemic cells. AB - The uncontrolled exposure of Fischer's medium to cool white fluorescent (CWF) light or other sources emitting near-ultraviolet or visible light absorbance by riboflavin is a crucial random variable in experiments which utilize L5178Y cells and this medium. The radiation effects of CWF light result in the rapid development of toxic photoproducts in the medium which are cytostatic at lower doses of radiation and cytotoxic at higher doses. After a 24-hr suspension in medium irradiated for 3 or 48 hr, the cloning efficiencies of cells subsequently plated in light-protected medium were 87 and 3%, respectively. The corresponding near-ultraviolet doses for these periods of exposure to CWF light were 0.22 x 10(4) for a 3-hr exposure and 3.47 x 10(4) J/sq m for a 48-hr exposure. Cells incubated in lightly irradiated medium resumed growth at nearly normal rates following a 24- to 48-hr period in which no increase in cell numbers occurred. Exposure of medium containing riboflavin, but not tryptophan or tyrosine, to CWF light also produces toxic medium. Tryptophan enhances riboflavin-induced phototoxicity, whereas tyrosine diminishes this effect. As photosusceptibility of this system is very high, Fischer's medium must be fully protected from all sources of light absorbable by riboflavin. PMID- 7237426 TI - A correlation between cell surface sialyltransferase, sialic acid, and glycosidase activities and the implantability of B16 murine melanoma. AB - A murine melanoma variant (B16-F10ir6), resistant to lymphocytic cytolysis, has been shown previously to produce lower numbers of tumor nodules in the lung of C57BL/6J mice following i.v. inoculations. These differences found in tumor implantation and lymphocyte recognition may be due to changes in surface properties of this cell line. Therefore, membrane-bound sialic acid (released by Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase treatment), ectosialyltransferase activity, and total cellular glycosidase levels were measured in this cell line and compared with levels in its parent melanoma tumor cell line, B16-F10, which was selected for its enhanced ability to form tumor nodules. The results of these studies indicate a correlation between the degree of lung implantation and the amount of tumor cell sialic acid accessible to neuraminidase cleavage, tumor cell surface sialyltransferase activity, and several cellular glycosidase activities. These results are consistent with the idea that membrane structural changes in the glycocalyx may account for the ability of a tumor cell to implant and metastasize. PMID- 7237425 TI - Sex-related differences in tumor progression associated with altered lymphocyte circulation. AB - Male and female ACI rats were inoculated with the syngeneic H-4-II-E hepatoma, and the natural history of the tumor, histopathology, and lymphocyte migration were studied. The tumor formed a.s.c. mass in all 16 males and in 22 of the 26 females given injections. In the males, tumors progressed, and all animals died with the mean survival time of 54 days. Complete tumor regression was observed in all but two females. In the females, there was prominent lymphocytic infiltration of the tumor, while males had no cellular reaction at the tumor site. The regional lymph nodes in males usually contained metastases and were nonreactive. The female lymph nodes did not contain metastases but contained many lymphocytes within the peripheral sinus and sinusoids. Six male-female pairs were castrated before tumor inoculation. Castration had no effect on the natural history or the etiology of the tumor. Comparing seven normal control male-female littermate pairs, there were no differences in lymphocyte accumulation in the lymph nodes 22 hr following injection of 51Cr-labeled syngeneic lymphocytes. In seven tumor bearing male-female littermate pairs, there was a significant decrease in lymphocyte migration to the lymph nodes (p less than 0.001) in tumor-bearing males as compared to that in both their female littermates and control males. Depressed lymphocyte circulation in the males was associated with rapid progression of tumors resulting in the death of the animals. Unimpaired lymphocyte mobilization in the tumor-bearing females was associated with complete regression in most animals. PMID- 7237427 TI - Characterization of tumorigenicity, mortality, metastasis, and splenomegaly of two cultured murine colon lines. AB - The murine colon tumors 26 and 36 have been adapted to culture in vitro from the parental, serially transplanted tumors. The biological activities of these cultured colon lines (C-C26 and C-C36) have been characterized in vivo by s.c. inoculation of serial doses of cells into syngeneic BALB/c mice. The C-C26 line is highly tumorigenic and has a low tendency (9.1%) for metastasis to the lungs. Moreover, mice inoculated with C-C26 exhibited high mortality and normal or atrophied spleens. In contrast, the C-C36 line is less tumorigenic and highly metastatic to the lungs (77.8%). Mortality was lower in animals inoculated with C C36, and at autopsy, splenomegaly was frequently (72.2%) observed without any visible metastatic nodules in these spleens. Metastasis to the lungs was intimately associated with splenomegaly, and death followed closely. Our findings with the C-C26 and C-C36 lines agree with those reported for the parental tumors with respect to tumorigenicity, tumor growth, and mortality. However, they differ with respect to their metastatic potential, because previous reports showed this to be higher for the serially transplanted colon 26 than the colon 36 tumor cells. Furthermore, this work describes the remarkable splenomegaly observed in mice inoculated with C-C36 but not with C-C26. This finding may in turn provide us with the opportunity to compare the functional status of the spleen in these tumor-bearing animals. PMID- 7237428 TI - Postchemotherapy purine excretion in lymphoma patients receiving allopurinol. AB - The urinary excretion of hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid was measured prior to and following chemotherapy in 11 patients with rapidly growing chemotherapy sensitive lymphomas who were receiving concomitant allopurinol therapy. Mean maximal total dairy urinary excretions of these purines postchemotherapy were: uric acid, 807 mg/day; hypoxanthine, 343 mg/day; and xanthine, 638 mg/day. The mean maximal postchemotherapy urinary concentrations of uric acid, hypoxanthine, and xanthine were 288, 115, and 179 mg/liter, respectively. Mean total daily urinary excretion of uric acid, hypoxanthine, and xanthine rose 2.2-, 6.6-, and 6.9-fold, respectively, following initiation of antineoplastic therapy. Although standard doses of allopurinol did not prevent a postchemotherapy increase in the excretion of uric acid or hypoxanthine, the urinary concentrations of both compounds remained below their solubility in urine at pH 7 in all 11 patients studied. However, the urinary concentration of xanthine exceeded its solubility in urine at pH 7 in six of the 11 patients. In three of the six patients whose urinary concentration of xanthine concentration exceeded its solubility in urine, transient renal failure developed in association with the increased excretion of xanthine. These studies indicate that, despite the use of conventional doses of allopurinol, the urinary excretion of uric acid may still increase following massive tumor lysis, and urinary excretion of xanthine can increase to concentrations potentially causing xanthine nephropathy. PMID- 7237429 TI - Reevaluation of nitrate and nitrite levels in the human intestine. AB - Analyses of human fecal and ileostomy samples by a method that is insensitive and free from interferences indicate that nitrate and nitrite levels in the intestine are lower than reported previously. Fecal nitrate and nitrite concentrations ranged from 0 to 14 mumol/kg (0 to 0.9 ppm) and 5 to 19 mumol/kg (0.3 to 0.9 ppm), respectively. Ileostomy samples contained from 0 to 7 mumol/kg (0 to 0.4 ppm) and 0 to 15 mumol/kg (0 to 0.7 ppm) for nitrate and nitrite, respectively. We also showed that, when deliberately added to feces samples, nitrate and nitrite were destroyed during a two-hr incubation period in a reaction that depended on the presence of microorganisms. The results suggest that conditions in the lower gastrointestinal tract favor denitrification, not nitrification as had been proposed previously. PMID- 7237431 TI - Differential killing efficacy of twenty antitumor drugs on proliferating and nonproliferating human tumor cells. AB - The lethal effects of a 1-hr treatment with 20 antitumor drugs on proliferating and nonproliferating cultured human colon carcinoma cells (line LoVo) were analyzed quantitatively by the colony-forming technique. Proliferating cells were obtained from exponentially growing cultures, while nonproliferating cells were from cultures in a stationary phase of growth. The 1-hr treatment was intended to approximate serum peak levels after bolus administration. Two agents, cis platinum and vindesine, were more effective on nonproliferating than on proliferating cells. Mitomycin C, nitrosourea, and dihydroxybisalkylanthracenedione were equally effective on proliferating and nonproliferating cells. The low lethal activity (less than 1 log) of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), hycanthone, and vinblastine was similar in proliferating and nonproliferating cells. For most drugs (Adriamycin, rubidazone, bleomycin, maytansine, vincristine, epipodophyllotoxin, fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, methotrexate, and transplantinum) cytotoxicity was significantly less pronounced (or even totally absent) in nonproliferating than in proliferating cells. These results demonstrate the significance of cellular proliferation kinetics in determining sensitivity to antitumor therapy. Nonproliferating human cells have decreased sensitivity to most antitumor agents. An occasional agent may present increased activity to nonproliferating cells; but at best, few agents can be expected to be as effective on nonproliferating as on proliferating cells. PMID- 7237430 TI - Preparation and specificities of antisera to the amino-terminal sequence of the carcinoembryonic antigen. AB - A tetracosapeptide (peptide-24) corresponding to the amino-terminal sequence of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was synthesized and characterized. Antisera were produced to the peptide-24, and a radioimmunoassay was developed utilizing peptide-24 with a tyrosine residue on the amino-terminal end (Tyr-peptide-24). Inhibitions of anti-peptide-24-125I-Tyr-peptide-24 complex formation were done with several preparations of CEA and the normal cross-reacting antigen. The extent of cross-reactivities was low, one CEA preparation requiring a 250-fold molar quantity greater than peptide-24 to obtain the same degree of inhibition. Attempts to degrade the CEAs and normal cross-reacting antigens in order to possibly expose the amino-terminal ends for reactivity with antibody did not result in any great increase in inhibitory capacity. It was concluded that either the conformations of the antigenic determinant(s) of the peptide-24 and of the amino-terminal end of CEA were sufficiently different to result in little cross reacting antigen are blocked for reactivity with antibody by other portions of the molecule. PMID- 7237432 TI - Differential effects of cytotoxic agents on hematopoietic progenitors. AB - In order to predict the effect of chemotherapeutic agents on the hematopoietic progenitor compartment, it is necessary to have a hypothesis concerning the dynamics of the cells within the compartment. By viewing this compartment as a continuum of cells with varying self-renewal capacity, one can assess the significance of the stem cell damage incurred following a single drug dose. Vinblastine, 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, busulfan, and 1,3-bis(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) were investigated. The acute toxicity of the drug-exposed marrow was studied by the colony-forming units-spleen (CFU-S) and agar diffusion chamber assay. Busulfan and BCNU were found to kill CFU-S preferentially. By following CFU-S recovery for 14 days post drug, different recovery patterns are noted. Busulfan and BCNU produce prolonged depression in CFU-S, whereas cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil show relatively rapid recovery. If one determines the Rs (a measure of proliferative capacity) after drug, busulfan and, to a lesser extent, BCNU produce a prolonged depression without return to normal even 650 days post drug. No such depression is noted with the other drugs. The data from the recovery curves and Rs support the notion of stem cells being heterogeneous with regard to self-renewal capacity. The agar diffusion chamber and CFU-S acute survival curves would not have predicted which drugs cause significant proliferative damage. Only with the use of CFU-S recovery and ratio of CFU-S can prolonged marrow damage be ascertained. PMID- 7237433 TI - Initial biotransformations of daunorubicin to aglycones by rat liver microsomes. AB - Anaerobic incubations of rat liver microsomes convert daunorubicin into at least six or seven aglycones in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate or a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate generating system. The partial identification of some of the aglycones is based on cochromatographs of chemically synthesized derivatives by isocratic high pressure liquid chromatography. The first major reaction is the reductive cleavage of daunorubicin to 7-deoxydaunorubicin aglycone which is converted to another product that cochromatographs with 7-deoxydaunorubicinol aglycone. The reaction follows first-order kinetics in a linear sequential pathway. Formation of 7-hydroxydaunorubicin aglycone is also identified as a product. Other reaction products are not yet identified. PMID- 7237434 TI - Differential enhancement of antitumor effectiveness by phospholipid vesicles (liposomes). AB - The simultaneous administration of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes and methyl-bis(beta-chloroethyl)amine (HN2) to Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice results in prolongation of survival, reduction of toxicity, and increase in chemotherapeutic index when compared to HN2 alone. Delay for as little as 10 min in the administration of HN2 following the liposomes eliminates this enhancement of activity and, in fact, abolishes much of the chemotherapeutic activity of the alkylating agent itself. The enhancement phase of liposomal action correlates with a significant increase in HN2 uptake by tumor cells which cannot be due to entrapment of drug in the liposomes, while the reduced toxicity could reflect subsequent HN2 transport. Persistent membrane alteration is also seen in the contrasting case of the lipid-soluble alkylating agent 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea where advanced administration of the liposome preparation significantly increases the chemotherapeutic activity. The observed effects are also shown to be influenced by liposome composition. The hypothesis is advanced that, under the given experimental conditions, liposomes can cause persistent reorganization of cell membranes which follow a characteristic course and have specific features. PMID- 7237435 TI - Establishment and biological properties of a guinea pig colonic adenocarcinoma cell line induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. AB - A colonic adenocarcinoma cell line, designated GPC-16, was established in culture from tissue removed from an outbred guinea pig which received 56 mg of N-methyl-N nitrosourea intrarectally over a 28-week period. the GPC-16 has been maintained for more than 30 in vitro passages and was tumorigenic in both the autochthonous host and nude mice. The cells were aneuploid with a wide range in chromosome number (54 to 172) in a bimodal distribution. The cells grew in vitro as a tight monolayer and demonstrated numerous desmosomes by electron microscopy. In vitro passaged cells had a doubling time of 36 hr and a 5.1% plating efficiency in agar. PMID- 7237436 TI - Therapy of artificial and spontaneous metastases of murine tumors with maleic anhydride-divinyl ether-2. AB - A 15,500 molecular-weight fraction of a pyran copolymer, (MVE-2) was investigated for its therapeutic efficacy against artificial lung metastases of a weakly immunogenic spontaneous fibrosarcoma (NFSa), a relatively strongly immunogenic fibrosarcoma (FSa), a moderately immunogenic spontaneous mammary carcinoma (MCa-K , and a weakly immunogenic spontaneous mammary carcinoma (MDAH-MCa-4) syngeneic to C3Hf/Kam mice. In addition, the therapeutic efficacy of this polyanionic compound against spontaneous lung metastases of NFSa was also determined. Systemic i.v. or i.p. application of MVE-2 in doses ranging from 10 to 50 mg/kg body weight greatly reduced the number of artificial NFSa lung metastases and prolonged the survival of the mice. Multiple injections of MVE-2 given at weekly intervals were more effective than were single treatments. Although various treatment schedules with MVE-2 were capable of reducing the number of metastases and prolonging survival of tumor-bearing mice, no cures were observed. A therapeutic effect was also evident against spontaneous lung metastases of NFSa. The effect, however, was more profound when MVE-2 was given before rather than after surgical removal of the primary tumor. MVE-2 was not effective in mice exposed previously to whole-body or local thoracic irradiation. In contrast, MVE 2 protected mice against enhancement of lung metastases induced by exposure of the mice to these irradiations. NFSa growing i.m. promoted the formation of lung metastases from tumor cells given i.v. This concomitant enhancement of metastases was abolished by treatment of the mice with MVE-2. MVE-2 was also effective against tumor deposits in the other three tumors. The extent of its therapeutic efficacy was independent of tumor immunogenicity. These results suggest several approaches to the clinical application of MVE-2 and provide additional data on the therapeutic activity of the pyran copolymer derivatives in different animal models. PMID- 7237437 TI - Comparative carcinogenicity and metabolism of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl) 1-butanone and N'-nitrosonornicotine in Syrian golden hamsters. AB - The tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) were tested for carcinogenic activity in Syrian golden hamsters. In Assay A, 30 hamsters were each given 19 s.c. injections of 0.048 mmol of NNK or NNN. In Assay B, 20 hamsters each received 75 s.c. injections of 0.012 mmol of NNK or NNN. Among the NNK-treated hamsters in Assay A, three developed carcinomas of the nasal cavity, and 19 had adenomas and/or adenocarcinomas of the lung. In the NNN group, one hamster developed a lung adenoma, and five had tracheal papillomas. In Assay B, 11 of the NNK-treated hamsters developed carcinomas of the nasal cavity, 16 had lung adenomas and/or adenocarcinomas, and seven had tracheal papillomas; in the NNN group, we recorded only one hamster with a lung adenoma and one with a tracheal papilloma. These findings in the Syrian golden hamster confirm that NNK is a more powerful carcinogen than NNN, as was shown previously in assays with rats and mice. In metabolism studies, 96 to 98% of the radioactivity of the injected [1-14C]NNK was recovered in the urine, 4% was recovered in the feces, and less than 0.5% was recovered as exhaled 14CO2. The corresponding distribution for [2'-14C]NNN was 62 to 78% in urine, 10% in feces, and less than 0.5% in respiratory 14CO2. The levels of binding of [1-14C]NNK and [2'-14C]NNN to the trichloroacetic acid insoluble fractions were highest in liver, lung, kidney, and adrenals. The urinary metabolites of NNK and NNN resulted from alpha-hydroxylation, from N oxidation of NNN to N'-nitrosonornicotine-1-N-oxide, and from reduction of NNK to 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)butan-1-ol. PMID- 7237438 TI - Activation of rat alveolar macrophages to the tumoricidal state in the presence of progressively growing pulmonary metastases. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of progressively growing pulmonary metastases influences the number and function of alveolar macrophages (AM). Female F344 rats were given i.v. injections of cells from a metastatic variant line of the syngeneic adenocarcinoma MADB-105. At Days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after injection, normal and tumor-bearing animals (3/group) were killed, and their AM were harvested by lavage. The functional integrity of AM was determined by their capacity to phagocytose opsonized erythrocytes and by their ability to respond to a variety of activating agents in vitro. Normal and metastasis-bearing rats were given i.v. injections of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton to determine whether the presence of large pulmonary metastases would interfere with AM activation in situ. The data demonstrated that the presence of progressively growing lung metastases led to a slight increase in the number of harvested AM and that these cells from tumor-bearing rats were as phagocytic as AM obtained from normal rats. Also, AM harvested from rats with metastases became tumoricidal against syngeneic tumor target cells in response to activation stimuli in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that, in this tumor system, the presence of progressively growing lung metastases doses not suppress the number or function of AM. The use of agents known to activate AM could, therefore, be of benefit in the therapy of pulmonary metastases. PMID- 7237439 TI - Modulation of experimental doxorubicin skin toxicity by beta-adrenergic compounds. AB - Doxorubicin [Adriamycin (ADM), a potent intercalating antineoplastic agent, occasionally causes severe local skin toxicity if extravasated during administration. Previous experiments using intradermal (i.d.) ADM in BALB/c mice have shown limited antidotal activity for local i.d. corticosteroids in preventing ADM-induced ulceration and no effect for a number of other compounds except beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists. Three sequences of i.d. administration of beta-adrenergics were evaluated in this study: a single dose immediately after 0.05 or 0.5 mg ADM; 8 daily doses of isoproterenol (ISO) or 0.9% NaCl solution, 0.05 ml after ADM; and 5 days of pre-ADM to ostensibly "up" or "down"-regulate beta-receptor number (with propranolol and ISO, respectively). The results demonstrate consistent antidotal activity for ISO and propranolol as single antidotal injections. Terbutaline, a beta 2-specific agonist, was not effective as an antidote. Continuous daily ISO did not improve results, whereas continuous i.d. NaCl solution significantly increased skin lesion size and duration. ISO pretreatment significantly decreased subsequent ADM-induced ulceration, while propranolol pretreatment was not different from control. The results confirm a role for beta-adrenergics in the management of experimental ADM skin ulceration and suggest that local toxicity is mediated through specific beta receptors (possibly beta 1) in the mouse skin. PMID- 7237440 TI - Effects of partial hepatectomy and dietary phenobarbital on liver and mammary tumorigenesis by two N-hydroxy-N-acylaminobiphenyls in female CD rats. AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the induction of liver tumors by arylhydroxamic acids. The potential involvement of sulfate conjugation was minimized by the administration of a N-hydroxy-4-acylaminobiphenyl to female CD rats. This experimental design provided for the exposure of a target organ that has only a low capacity for activation of hydroxamic acids by sulfate conjugation, with a carcinogen that does not induce tumors in liver that possess a high sulfotransferase activity. A single dose of the N-formyl or N-acetyl derivatives of N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl was given i.p. at 0.4 mmol/kg body weight to 34-day-old animals. In attempts to amplify the hepatocarcinogenic potential of the compounds, partial hepatectomy 24 hr before the chemical injection and subsequent long-term treatment with phenobarbital in the diet were carried out. For comparative purposes, other animals were subjected to three additional partial hepatectomies subsequent to the carcinogen administration instead of the phenobarbital treatment. The experiments were terminated 64 weeks after injection. Both the N-formyl and N-acetyl derivatives of N-hydroxy-4 aminobiphenyl, in conjunction with partial hepatectomy and subsequent treatment of dietary phenobarbital, induced a high incidence of neoplastic nodules and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive foci in the liver. Only one hepatocellular carcinoma was observed in each treatment group. Repeated partial hepatectomies enhanced the yield of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive foci but were ineffective in producing neoplastic nodules. In addition to the liver lesions, mammary tumors were also induced. Importantly, an inhibitory effect of the subsequent administration of phenobarbital was observed on mammary tumor formation, possibly because of alterations in hormone metabolism resulting from the induction of microsomal enzymes by phenobarbital, which resulted in a decreased promoting effect. There was no difference in the tumorigenicity of the formyl and acetyl derivatives in these experiments. PMID- 7237441 TI - A low-electrophoretic-mobility H1 histone subfraction from Kirkman-Robbins hamster hepatoma. AB - A protein showing lower electrophoretic mobility in acidic urea polyacrylamide gels than did the usual histone H1 subfractions has been detected among the H1 histones extracted from chromatin of a transplantable hamster hepatoma, originally induced by Kirkman and Robbins. It was proved to be a true H1 histone subfraction. It differs from the remaining ones by the total chain length, amino acid composition, and isoelectric point value. It is not a phosphorylated or phosphoribosylated metabolic form of another subfraction. Its proteolytic degradation products (obtained by thrombin and trypsin digestion) closely resembled those obtained from other H1 subfractions. The investigated hepatoma seems to provide an interesting model of neoplastic cells showing a distinct difference in histone composition from the homologous normal tissue. PMID- 7237442 TI - Occurrence of the low-mobility H1 histones subfraction in embryonic, differentiated, and neoplastic tissues of the Syrian hamster. AB - Electrophoretically slow H1 histone subfractions with mobilities identical to that of the subfraction found in the Kirkman-Robbins hamster hepatoma chromatin have been shown to be present in 12-day hamster embryos and in a sarcoma-type hamster tumor induced by SV40. No subfractions of such mobility were found in hamster liver, regenerating liver, thymus, spleen, and a fast-growing transplantable amelanotic hamster melanoma. A suggestion is made that some defective mechanisms of differentiation may affect the regulation of expression of the genes coding for the H1 histone subfractions. The same mechanisms may possibly but not necessarily be connected with the molecular events leading to neoplastic growth. PMID- 7237443 TI - Evidence for double replication of chromosomal DNA segments as a general consequence of DNA replication inhibition. AB - We have previously presented evidence that a transient inhibition of DNA synthesis by a pulse of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) results in a disruption of the pattern of replication of the chromosomal DNA of cultured human cells, resulting in some DNA segments being replicated more than once in a single S phase. Further evidence is presented in this paper that this effect is not a specific property of the ara-C molecule in that a similar effect is produced in cells by a pulse of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) and also by a pulse of cycloheximide. The activated form of ara-A and ara-C (the triphosphates) both inhibit DNA synthesis at the level of the polymerase. Double replication following an ara-A pulse demonstrates that double replication after an ara-C pulse is not caused by some specific property of the ara-C molecule which might be unrelated to any effect on DNA synthesis. However, cycloheximide is an inhibitor of mammalian protein synthesis and inhibits DNA synthesis only indirectly, probably through a consequent deficiency of DNA-packaging proteins. Hence, the occurrence of double replication of chromosomal DNA segments following a pulse of cycloheximide is consistent with this phenomenon being a general and nonspecific consequence of the freezing of DNA replication forks. PMID- 7237445 TI - Methylation of cysteine in hemoglobin following exposure to methylating agents. AB - In addition to reacting with biologically important nucleophilic sites in DNA, alkylating agents also interact with amino acids in proteins. Measurements of the extent of formation of these alkyl amino acids may be used as a means of determining exposure to these compounds. The degree of S-methylation of cysteine in hemoglobin was studied following in vivo exposure of rats to methyl methanesulfonate, dimethylnitrosamine, and 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4 carboxamide. A linear dose-response curve was observed for methyl methanesulfonate over a 100-fold dose range. For dimethylnitrosamine, there was a threshold of doses where no methylation could be detected, and a curved dose response curve was obtained. At high doses, the degree of methylation of hemoglobin cysteine was 7-fold lower than that with methyl methanesulfonate. In vivo, no alkylation could be observed with 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4 carboxamide; however, the existence of naturally occurring S-methylcysteine in the rat hemoglobin may have overshadowed small increases in alkylation arising from exposure to this compound. The natural occurrence of S-methylcysteine was studied in 13 species, and amounts ranging from 5.6 nmol/g globin (hamster) to 481 nmol/g globin (partridge) were observed. The reason for its occurrence is unknown but is under investigation. PMID- 7237444 TI - Production of N4-succinyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, a novel metabolite of N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, in mice and its biological significance. AB - A novel metabolite was found in the urine and bile of mice given i.v. injections of N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (behenoyl-ara-C). Acid and alkaline hydrolysis of this metabolite resulted in the production of 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine and succinic acid, as determined by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Mass spectrometry identified this metabolite as N4-succinyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (succinyl-ara-C). This conclusion was supported by thin-layer chromatography and by the ultraviolet spectrum, upon which the characteristics of this metabolite agreed with those of succinyl-ara-C. Only a very small amount, if any, of this metabolite was found in the urine and bile of mice given injections of N4 stearoyl- or N4-palmitoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, suggesting that behenoyl-ara-C was metabolized differently from the other two analogs. Comparison of the metabolites of behenoyl-ara-C, radiolabeled at different positions of the behenoyl-residue, suggested that behenoyl-ara-C was degraded by omega-oxidation and then by beta-oxidation, resulting in the production of succinyl-ara-C. This metabolite was more potent than behenoyl-ara-C in suppressing the in vitro proliferation of murine L1210 cells. The high therapeutic potency of behenoyl-ara C in L1210-bearing mice may be ascribable to the contribution of succinyl-ara-C to the efficacy of behenoyl-ara-C, either by suppressing the proliferation of L1210 cells or by protecting 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, the possible eventual metabolite, from inactivation by deaminase. PMID- 7237446 TI - Selectivity of the antimetastatic and cytotoxic effects of 1-p-(3,3-dimethyl-1 triazeno)benzoic acid potassium salt (+/-)-1,2-di(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1 yl)propane, and cyclophosphamide in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. AB - The effects of two selective antimetastatic agents, 1-p-(3,3-dimethyl-1 triazeno)benzoic acid potassium salt (DM-COOK), and (+/-)-1,2-di(3,5 dioxopiperazin-1-yl)propane, have been examined in comparison with those of a cytotoxic agent, cyclophosphamide, in mice bearing Lewis carcinoma. Cyclophosphamide at the two highest dosages causes a strictly related and pronounced inhibition (to less than 10%) of the weight of the s.c. tumor, spontaneous metastases, and lung colonies formed after i.v. injection of tumor cells (artificial metastases); this behavior is consistent with a purely cytotoxic mechanism. At the three dosages used, (+/-)-1,2-di(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1 yl)propane reduces the weight of spontaneous metastases to less than 3%. A dose dependent reduction of artificial metastasis weight is also observed. At the highest dose, artificial metastasis weight is reduced to about 5%, and s.c. tumor mass is significantly lowered to 40%. These effects are consistent with the combined occurrence of cytotoxic and selective antimetastatic action, although the latter appears to be predominant. At the three dosages used, DM-COOK markedly depresses the weight and number of spontaneous metastases to about 10%, leaving the formation of artificial metastases unaffected and causing no significant effect on primary tumor growth. The effects of these agents on the fractional incorporation of [3H]thymidine in tumor cells further indicate that only DM-COOK is devoid of cytotoxic effects for pulmonary and s.c. tumors. In hosts pretreated with DM-COOK, no reduction in the formation either of spontaneous or of artificial metastases is observed. These data indicate that DM-COOK acts directly on tumor cells and that it presumably inhibits their release from the primary tumor into the bloodstream. PMID- 7237447 TI - Cholesterol and cholesterol epoxides in nipple aspirates of human breast fluid. AB - In nipple aspirates of breast fluid from nonpregnant healthy women, cholesterol and cholesterol epoxide levels were determined with gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrophotometric techniques. Cholesterol levels were found to be elevated above plasma levels averaging 2200 +/- 1995 (S.D.) mg/dl and showing progressive increases in mean breast fluid cholesterol levels with advancing age, averaging 187, 1957, and 3554 mg/dl in women of age groups 20 to 29, 30 to 39, an 40 to 49 years, respectively. Cholesterol epoxide was detected in a significant number of women who yielded high levels of breast fluid cholesterol. Cholesterol epoxide has been reported by other workers to have transforming activity for embryo hamster cells and to be carcinogenic in animals. The findings lend support to our hypothesis and observation that the human breast secretes mutagenic and cancer promoting substances which may have relevance in studies of the etiology of benign breast disease and cancer. PMID- 7237448 TI - Tamoxifen versus ethinyl estradiol in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. AB - In a randomized study, 63 postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with ethinyl estradiol (EE2) or the antiestrogen tamoxifen to compare the efficacy and side effects of both drugs. EE2 was always given in combination with chlorothiazide to prevent fluid retention. Pretreatment characteristics of the patients of both groups did not differ significantly. Objective remissions were achieved in 31% of the EE2-treated patients and in 33% of the tamoxifen-treated patients. The median duration of remission was 12 months (range, 5-32) for the EE2 group and 11 months (range, 5-26) for the tamoxifen group (P greater than 0.1), and the estimated median survival times from the start of treatment were 31 and 25 months, respectively (P greater than 0.1). The best treatment results in both groups were obtained in patients with estradiol receptor-positive tumors and less advanced disease. After therapy was stopped, objective withdrawal responses were observed in EE2- but not in tamoxifen-treated patients. Two patients receiving EE2 had to discontinue treatment because of drug related liver function impairment. Both patients had cholelithiasis. Two patients in the tamoxifen-treated group discontinued therapy because of nausea. Deep venous thrombosis occurred in one patient receiving EE2, whereas two patients receiving tamoxifen developed superficial thrombophlebitis. Other side effects in both groups of patients, including initial hypercalcemia, were mild. It is concluded that both treatment regimens, EE2 or tamoxifen, are equally effective with respect to induction and duration of remission in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. Side effects of EE2 therapy appeared to be more serious than those of tamoxifen treatment. PMID- 7237450 TI - Improved antitumor activity of basic amino acid and dipeptide derivatives of daunorubicin on EL4 leukemia cells in mice. AB - Over thirty amino acid and peptide derivatives of the antitumor drug daunorubicin (DM) were tested for their potency to inhibit EL4 leukemia cell growth in mice. The therapeutic effect of the basic amino acids lysine, arginine, ornithine, and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid coupled to the amino group of the DM moiety proved superior to that of the parent drug. The derivatized amino acids and their di- or tripeptides are significantly less toxic than DM, which enabled their administration at much higher doses. Seventy percent to 80% of tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice were cured by multidose treatment with diaminobutyryl-DM, which was found to be the most efficient derivative. PMID- 7237449 TI - Plasma levels and urinary excretion of methyl-GAG following iv infusion in man. AB - The pharmacokinetics of methyl-GAG was studied after nephrectomy in five patients with renal cell carcinoma and in one patient with breast cancer. Following rapid infusion (30 minutes) of 700 mg/m2 of methyl-GAG, terminal half-life of 136-224 hours. Drug levels declined to 6%-20% of the initial plasma concentration in the first 24 hours. Approximately 40% of the dose was recovered in the urine after 2 weeks. Extensive extravascular distribution of methyl-GAG is suggested. PMID- 7237452 TI - Evaluation of Madison 109 lung carcinoma as a model for screening antitumor drugs. AB - The Madison 109 lung carcinoma (M109) was evaluated as a model for the screening of antitumor agents. Thirty-five drugs with established antitumor activity were assayed in mice implanted ip or sc with M109. Depending on the mode of tumor implantation, drugs representing those affecting nucleic acids (through binding, interacalating, or inducing single-strand breaks), various alkylating agents, mitotic inhibitors, antimetabolites, and immunomodulators were able either to inhibit the growth of sc M109 or to extend the lifespan of mice given M109 ip. The ip implanted tumor was, for example, markedly affected (median survival time of treated/control mice, x 100: greater than or equal to 200% with occasional cures) by doxorubicin, mitomycin C, 10-hydroxy camptothecin, and dihydroxyanthraquinone. The sc implanted tumor, however, was markedly affected (treated - control of greater than or equal to 12 days with regard to median time to grow 1-g tumors) by bleomycin and an analog, talisomycin, and by 6 thioguanine. The M109 was responsive to many different classes of clinically active agents and can serve as a useful tool in the screening of drugs with such potential. It may be particularly useful in screening analogs of camptothecins, nitrosoureas, bleomycins, and mitomycins as well as for evaluating anthraquinones, anthracyclines, mitotic inhibitors, antimetabolites, and immunomodulators. PMID- 7237451 TI - Action of demecolcine (colcemid) in the murine sarcoma 180 tumor. AB - Iv infusions of demecolcine (Colcemid) were established in mice bearing the Sarcoma 180 tumor. During demecolcine infusion at a rate of 6 microgram/hr, the tumor labeling index following 3H-thymidine administration and the mean grain count per labeled cell did not differ significantly from control values. Cells in anaphase and telophase disappeared from the tumor sections, and the net number of cells in the earlier stages of mitosis increased for 20 hrs. The rate of mitotic accumulation during the initial 8 hrs of demecolcine infusion was about one third of what would be expected from the known cell cycle values for this tumor. This reduced rate of accumulation does not appear to result from death of mitotic cells, escape of cells from metaphase blockade, or S-phase arrest secondary to inhibition of DNA synthesis; it is suggested that the reduced accumulation rate is secondary to demecolcine damage to interphase cells. Tumor cells that have been gathered by 4-hr demecolcine infusions may be released in synchronous fashion following the end of the infusion. A small proportion of these cells will recycle synchronously during the following mitotic period. PMID- 7237453 TI - Hepatic toxicity of DTIC. PMID- 7237454 TI - Physiologic response and toxicity in patients undergoing whole-body hyperthermia for the treatment of cancer. AB - Seven patients with advanced cancer underwent whole-body hyperthermia using a nylon and vinyl mesh, water-perfused suit. Treatments were given at 41.8 degrees C for 4 hours. Five patients received concomitant cyclophosphamide with hyperthermia. Compared to baseline (37 degrees C) conditions, there was a significant rise in pulse rate (P less than 0.001), a fall in diastolic pressure (P less than 0.02), and an increase in respiratory rate (P less than 0.001). Toxic effects included fatigue, extremity edema, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, and respiratory depression in a patient with cerebral metastases. Compared to baseline values, there was a significant increase in serum glucose (P less than 0.02) and decreases in serum calcium (P less than 0.01) and phosphorus (P less than 0.01). Significant elevations in serum LDH and SGOT values occurred 24 hours following hyperthermia, suggesting hepatic sensitivity to heat. The methods used to induce whole-body hyperthermia, as described in this paper, are feasible, permit relatively easy access to the patient, and are potentially applicable in diverse hospital settings such as intensive care units, radiation therapy areas, and conventional rooms. The physiologic alterations that were observed and the toxic effects that were documented indicate that careful monitoring of patients is necessary. PMID- 7237456 TI - Cutaneous necrosis from chemotherapy in a patient with an arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 7237455 TI - Unanticipated side effects from treatment with high-dose mechlorethamine in patients with malignant melanoma. PMID- 7237457 TI - Chronic urticarial reactions caused by doxorubicin-containing regimens. PMID- 7237458 TI - Phase II study of vindesine in metastatic malignant melanoma. PMID- 7237459 TI - Phase II evaluation of PALA in patients with metastatic lung cancer. PMID- 7237460 TI - Ifosfamide treatment of pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7237461 TI - Phase II evaluation of cycloleucine in the treatment of patients with disseminated sarcomas. PMID- 7237462 TI - Therapy for advanced colorectal cancer with a combination of 5-FU and anguidine: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. PMID- 7237463 TI - Administration of BCG cell wall skeleton into malignant effusions: toxic and therapeutic effects. AB - Thirty-nine patients with 40 refractory malignant effusions (26 pleural and 14 peritoneal) were treated locally with a nonviable mycobacterial vaccine. The vaccine was administered into the effusion and consisted of BCG cell wall skeleton and trehalose dimycolate attached to oil microdroplets. A dose range of 150--3000 microgram was tested. The overall response rate was 44.0% (complete response [CR] plus partial response [PR]) and was not clearly dose-related. The response rates for each site were 13.6% (CR) and 31.8% (PR) for pleural effusions and 33.3% (CR) and 8.3% (PR) for peritoneal effusions. Toxic effects consisted of fever (40%), serosal pain (37.5%), and increased effusion (27.5%) and were not clearly dose-related. Gastrointestinal toxic effects were seen in 50% of patients treated for peritoneal effusions. Response correlated with prior exposure to BCG vaccine or tuberculosis, and with a febrile response to vaccine administration. This vaccine has a therapeutic effect on both pleural and peritoneal effusions. PMID- 7237465 TI - Phase II evaluation of VP-16-213 in patients with advanced breast cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. PMID- 7237464 TI - Phase I evaluation of IMPY in a twice weekly schedule. AB - IMPY was given to 25 patients with advanced cancer on a twice weekly schedule in escalating doses from 165 to 3000 mg/m2. Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, generalized weakness, and decreases in performance status were dose-limiting. In one patient treated at a dose of 3000 mg/m2 for three doses, hemolytic anemia resulted, with a 6-g/dl decrease in hemoglobin. No tumor regression occurred. A reasonable starting dose for phase II studies is 1200 mg/m2 twice weekly for 3 weeks, with planned rapid escalation to 1800 mg/m2 in patients tolerating the lower dose level. PMID- 7237466 TI - Study of tamoxifen in metastatic renal cell carcinoma and the influence of certain prognostic factors: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - A prospective study of tamoxifen therapy in doses of 10 mg twice daily was carried out in 79 patients with advanced renal cell cancer. The objective response rate (complete response plus partial response) was 6.3% (five of 79 patients), while 34.1% (27 of 79 patients) had stable disease. Survival of this group of patients (complete response plus partial response plus stable disease) was significantly longer than that of patients with progressive disease (P less than 0.04). Also, among patients with a good performance status at the beginning of the study, survival was longer than among those with a poor performance status (P less than 0.001). No statistical significance was found in the survival of these patients according to sex (P = 0.55) or whether or not they had received previous systemic therapy (P = 0.97). Toxicity was low and acceptable. We concluded that stratification according to performance status may be used in future randomized systemic therapy protocols for patients with metastatic renal cell cancer. Also, in spite of the low response rate to hormonal therapy including tamoxifen, the use of these agents with combination chemotherapy may enhance the overall response rate without increasing side effects. PMID- 7237467 TI - Phase II evaluation of methyl-GAG in patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer. AB - Twenty-nine patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with methyl-GAG at an initial starting dose of 500 mg/m2 iv weekly and then escalated by 50 mg/m2/week to tolerance. There were two partial responders among the 26 evaluable patients. Gastrointestinal and cutaneous reactions were the limiting toxic effects of methyl-GAG. Myelosuppression was mild and infrequent. PMID- 7237468 TI - Determination of tissue concentrations of vinca alkaloids by radioimmunoassay. AB - Methodology for the determination of tissue concentrations of the vinca alkaloids has been developed with a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA). Data obtained with this RIA were compared with those obtained following direct administration of radiolabeled vinblastine. Distribution of radiolabeled vinblastine was also compared between control rats and those bearing the transplantable tumor Lymphoma 8. Vindesine concentrations in various rat tissues were determined via RIA over a 52-hr period. PMID- 7237470 TI - Disposition of thymidine administered as large doses to rats and mice. AB - Blood and urine levels of thymidine and its catabolic product, thymine, have been determined for mice and rats given a single large dose of thymidine and for rats during and after infusion of large amounts of this drug. For mice given a bolus dose (400 mg/kg, 1.2 g/m2), two phases of elimination of thymidine from blood were evident, an initial phase (half-life = 4 mins) and a longer second phase (half-life = 17 mins). The initial (2-min) level in blood was 2.8 mM. For rats given an equivalent dose (150 mg/kg, 1.2 g/m2), three phases with half-lives of 2, 29, and 365 mins were observed. The initial (5-min) concentration in the blood was 0.6 mM. More of a dose of [2-14C]thymidine was converted to CO2 by rats than by mice. For both species, small amounts of radioactivity from this labeled compound became associated with macromolecules of the small intestine. Following infusion of rats with thymidine at rates of 300 and 600 mg/kg/hr for 24 hrs (60 and 120 g/m2, respectively), steady-state blood levels were approximately 0.7 and 1.5 mM, respectively. When the infusions were stopped, a phase with a half-life of 35 mins and a longer phase of indeterminate length were noted for each dose. Elimination of metabolically formed thymine from the blood of rats and excretion into the urine was mediated by a process that was apparently saturated. PMID- 7237469 TI - Radiometric enzyme-inhibition technique for measuring acivicin in plasma. AB - A sensitive radiometric enzyme-inhibition assay is described for the determination of acivicin in plasma; it is based on the potent inhibition of carbamyl phosphate synthetase II (CPS) by the drug. Plasma is heated at 95 degrees C for 5 minutes to quantitatively detach bound acivicin. After centrifugation, free drug is quantitated by exposing purified CPS from Escherichia coli to representative aliquots or subdilutions of the resultant supernatants in the presence of L-glutamine, L-aspartic acid, ATP-MgCl2, NaH[14C]O3, and purified L-aspartate transcarbamylase (ATC) from E. coli. Carbamyl phosphate is first synthesized from L-glutamine, ATP-MgCl2, and NaH[14C]O3 by the action of CPS. The unstable carbamyl phosphate thus generated is quickly and quantitatively converted to [14C]carbamyl-L-aspartic acid by the action of ATC utilizing [14C]carbamyl phosphate and L-aspartic acid as substrates. After a 15-minute incubation at 37 degrees c, unreacted NaH[14C]O3 is dissipated at acidic pH and the newly formed [14C]carbamyl-L-aspartic acid is quantitated by scintillation spectrometry. The percent inhibition of the formation of carbamyl-L-aspartic acid through the conjoint actions of CPS and ATC responds in a linear way to the logarithm of the concentration of acivicin between 20 and 200 microM. The unknown concentration of acivicin is determined indirectly by matching the percent inhibition produced by the unknown to the percent inhibition produced by a series of acivicin standards extending over the linear range. This assay is sensitive, adequately reproducible, and easy. It can be used to measure acivicin in the plasma of subjects treated with this new oncolytic agent. PMID- 7237471 TI - Misuse of scalp hypothermia. AB - Scalp hypothermia has been introduced to reduce the temporary epilation associated with certain cytotoxic drugs. This has improved compliance with drug delivery for some patients. It is currently not recommended for use in those tumors with a high prevalence of scalp metastasis, ie, leukemia and lymphoma. We have treated a patient for mycosis fungoides who demanded use of a "cooling cap" while undergoing consolidation chemotherapy. Cutaneous disease recurred on the scalp, with no other evidence of mycosis fungoides. Caution should be used in reducing drug delivery to the scalp while treating tumors manifesting cutaneous stem cell tumor nests. PMID- 7237472 TI - Phase II evaluation of vindesine sulfate in patients with advanced sarcomas. PMID- 7237473 TI - Phase I--II study of 3-deazauridine in adults with acute leukemia. AB - 3-Deazauridine, a uridine analog, was administered to 36 patients with acute leukemia by both intermittent and continuous iv infusion at doses ranging from 400 to 6000 mg/m2/day x 5, repeated at 1--3-week intervals. There were no complete or partial responses but three patients showed hematologic improvement. Major toxic effects were myelosuppression, stomatitis, vomiting, diarrhea, and skin erythema. Daily doses greater than 3000 mg/m2 were associated with significantly increased toxicity, including three drug-related deaths. The recommended dose for future studies is 2500 mg/m2/day as a continuous 5-day infusion. PMID- 7237474 TI - Changes in hair pigmentation associated with cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7237475 TI - Mitomycin C-induced skin ulceration remote from infusion site. PMID- 7237476 TI - Tamoxifen in the treatment of malignant melanoma. PMID- 7237477 TI - Phase II trial: mitomycin c and methotrexate combination therapy for advanced colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 7237478 TI - Phase II study of maytansine in advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7237480 TI - The nitroquinolines. PMID- 7237479 TI - A preliminary report of mitotane therapy of advanced renal and prostate cancer. PMID- 7237481 TI - Synthesis of 2-methyl-[2-acetamido-4-O-acetyl-6-O-benzyl-3-O-(2-butenyl)-1,2 dideoxy-alpha-D -glucopyrano]-[2,1-d]-2-oxazoline, a versatile intermediate for the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides of bacterial cell-wall, human milk, and blood-group substances. AB - 2-Methyl-[2-acetamido-4-O-acetyl-6-O-benzyl-3-O-(2-butenyl)-1,2-dideoxy-alpha-D glucopyrano]-[2,1-d]-2-oxazoline (2), a glycosylating agent in which the three hydroxyl groups are blocked with protecting groups of differing "persistence", is of utility in the synthesis of oligosaccharides containing highly branched 2 acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucosyl residues, and it was synthesized in a ten-step sequence from 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose via allyl 2-acetamido-4,6-O benzylidene-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3). Alkylation of 3 with 2-butenyl (crotyl) bromide, hydrolysis of the benzylidene acetal group, benzylation of the 6-hydroxyl group, and acetylation of the 4-hydroxyl group afforded allyl 2 acetamido-4-O-acetyl-6-O-benzyl-3-O-(2-butenyl)-2-deoxy-beta-D glucopyranoside(10). Treatment of 10 with chlorotris(tri phenylphosphine)rhodium(I) gave mainly the corresponding 1-propenyl beta glycoside, which was converted into oxazoline 2 by the action of mercuric chloride-mercuric oxide in acetonitrile. Glycosylation of benzyl 2-acetamido-3,6 di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside with 2, and subsequent O deacetylation at O-4' gave a glycosyl acceptor, benzyl 2-acetamido-4-O-[2 acetamido-6-O-benzyl-3-O-(2-butenyl) -2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-3,6-di-O benzyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside . PMID- 7237482 TI - Isolation and characterisation of glycopeptides from digests of human Tamm Horsfall glycoprotein. AB - Glycopeptides were isolated from pronase digests of human Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and its asialo derivative. The carbohydrate moiety of the major glycopeptide preparation isolated from the former digests had an apparent molecular weight of 4300, and those of two glycopeptides isolated from the latter digests had molecular weights of 3600 and 2300. These data, together with the compositions of the glycopeptides, indicate that the Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein has at least five asparagine residues substituted by complex carbohydrate moieties, three being of one type, relatively rich in galactose, and two containing more sialic acid but less galactose. A small amount of a mannose-rich glycopeptide was also recovered from the digests of the Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. PMID- 7237483 TI - Phenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, a substrate for sialyltransferase. PMID- 7237485 TI - A role of the cellular phospholipid in the metastasis into the liver. PMID- 7237484 TI - Effect of the hypothalamic stimulation on the potential difference in the toad skin in situ. PMID- 7237486 TI - Histochemical studies on the effect of antitumor retinoid (Ro 10-9359) on chemically-induced epithelial tumors of the mouse skin. PMID- 7237487 TI - Cell surface recognition: spontaneous identification of mouse Leydig cells by lymphocytes, macrophages and eosinophils. PMID- 7237488 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of 205-206 Bi-citrate in the rat. Compartmental repartition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237489 TI - [The professional moral code of the physician]. PMID- 7237490 TI - [Laboratory work economy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237491 TI - [HLA in the adrenogenital syndrome]. PMID- 7237492 TI - [The family and their role in caring for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237494 TI - [The political education of citizens by the physician]. PMID- 7237493 TI - [Auriculo-osteodysplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237495 TI - [Titration of antistreptolysin O through streptolysin haemolytic effect inhibition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237496 TI - [Hepatitis B antigen e determined by radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237497 TI - [Antibody e against hepatitis B virus estimated by radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237498 TI - [Incidence and dynamics of circulating immune complexes in acute viral hepatitis HBsAg positive and negative (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237499 TI - [Acidity and chemical composition of 99mTc-radiopharmaceutics and their effect on 99mTc cummlation in the necrotic tissue of rat myocardium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237500 TI - [Recent views of bone fracture healing with respect to age and fixation in rats. Mechanical tests, histology and electron microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237501 TI - [A new feasibility of immune stimulation in diseases with reduced cell immunity? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237502 TI - [Clinical and metabolic studies of Paget's bone disease treated with thyrocalcitonin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237503 TI - [Non-inflammatory destructive processes in the temporal bones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237504 TI - [Progressive polyarthritis treated with cyclophosphamide - results after 10 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237505 TI - [Right ventricular dysfunction in patients 3 to 5 months after acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237506 TI - [Benzocaine as an agent for glycaemia estimation. Possible substitute for O toluidine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237507 TI - [Medical evaluation of work capacity as a process of information transfer and processing]. PMID- 7237508 TI - [Reticuloendothelial system activation using synthetic glycopeptides in the mouse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237509 TI - [Concentration of arginine-vasopressin in the plasma and urine of healthy subjects in different states of hydration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237510 TI - [Computer programme for biochemical monitoring of patients treated in the resuscitation and intensive care station (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237511 TI - [Ancient Indian concepts of the body and disease]. PMID- 7237512 TI - Evidence of rapid and slow progression of cells through G2 phase in mouse epidermis: a comparison between phase durations measured by different methods. AB - Percentage labelled mitosis (PLM) measurements were initiated at four different times during a 24-hr period and continued for 24 hr in hairless mouse epidermis. Estimates of G2 and S phase durations (mean TG2 and mean TS) were calculated. A significant number of labelled mitoses (10--20%) was seen after 30 min in all four PLM measurements and the estimated mean TG2 varied from 1.4 to 2.5 hr and was in agreement with values from PLM measurements in other epithelial tissues. These mean TG2 values were much shorter than expected from [3H]TdR double labelling experiments and from a multiparameter cell kinetic study in hairless mouse epidermis and did not reflect the circadian variations seen in these studies. The differences in estimates of phase durations can be explained by postulating two G2 cell populations; one with a rapid and another with a slow rate of cell cycle progression. The cells with the higher rate are mainly registered by the PLM method, whereas those with the lower rate largely escape detection by this method. TG2 estimates from PLM measurements in mouse epidermis therefore do not reflect the phase duration of the entire G2 population. It is also concluded that circadian variations in TS can not be accurately registered by the PLM method. PMID- 7237513 TI - Alterations in gastrointestinal steady-state kinetics associated with the growth of experimental tumours. AB - Changes in the growth kinetics of the intestinal epithelium were observed in mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma and the T1699 mammary adenocarcinoma and in rats bearing the H-4-II-E2 hepatoma. Proliferative activity in the jejunal tissue was markedly depressed with increasing tumour burden. Simultaneously, a significant reduction in total crypt cellularity occurred, followed by a reduction in villus height. While the total number of proliferative cells per crypt decreased, the relative proliferative compartment within the shrinking crypt increased. The rate of mucosal DNA synthesis remained constant during the initial cytokinetic changes, falling only after proliferative activity of the intestine was reduced to less than 50% of control levels. No general correlation could be drawn from the three tumour models studied between the level of gastrointestinal proliferation and tumour size, tumour growth rate or loss of weight by the tumour bearing animals. However, intestinal proliferation was reduced by 50% when the tumour burden for each of the three tumours reached 6--8% of the host animal weight. PMID- 7237514 TI - Decreased sensitivity to hydroxyurea and to [3H]thymidine suicide in the middle of the S phase. AB - Pluripotent haemopoietic stem cells (CFUs) move synchronously through the cell cycle in hydroxyurea-treated mice in a cohort 1--2 hr broad. Ten to fifteen hours after hydroxyurea they pass through S phase. DNA synthesis appears to be depressed 5--10 times when the cells are in the middle part of the S phase but does not seem to be completely interrupted. High concentrations of [3H]thymidine must be used for 'suicide' in order to achieve lethality for the cells with depressed DNA synthesis. At the time when DNA synthesis is depressed, the sensitivity of the cells to hydroxyurea also decreases. This may lead to a significant underestimation of the S phase fraction by the hydroxyurea method, because CFUs with low DNA synthesis rate are resistant to hydroxyurea although being in S phase. PMID- 7237515 TI - Analysis of the variability in cleavage times and demonstration of a mitotic gradient during the cleavage stages of Nothobranchius guentheri. AB - Living embryos of the annual cyprinodont fish Nothobranchius guentheri were observed under the microscope. Detailed records were made of the time of cell division, disappearance of the nucleus and of the position of each cell within the blastoderm up to and includig the sixth cleavage. Combination of these data revealed the presence of a mitotic gradient, a cell division gradient and a gradient of cell cycle duration in the 8-cell, 16-cell and 32-cell stage. Comparison of the variabilities in the duration of the interphase and mitosis reveals that differences between sister cell intercleavage times in the 8-, 16- and 32-cell stage are, for the most part, due to the variability in the duration of the mitotic process. It is concluded that the DNA-division cycle is composed of at least two parallel series of events. We found the random transition model of cell cycle control, originally based on the analysis of intermitotic times of mammalian cells in tissue culture, helpful also in analysing intercleavage time variability in embryonic cells. PMID- 7237516 TI - Slowly cycling cells in growing bone. PMID- 7237517 TI - Pore canals in the cornea of a functionally specialized area of the honey bee's compound eye. AB - The fine structure of the cornea in an anatomically and functionally specialized part of the honey bee's compound eye (dorsal rim area) was examined by light microscopy, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy. Under incident illumination the cornea appears grey and cloudy, leaving only the centers of the corneal lenses clear. This is due to numerous pore canals that penetrate the cornea from the inside, ending a few micron below the outer surface. They consist of (1) a small cylindrical cellular evagination of a pigment cell (proximal), and (2) a rugged-walled, pinetree-shaped extracellular part (distal). The functional significance of these pore canals is discussed. It is concluded that their light scattering properties cause the wide visual fields of the photoreceptor cells measured electrophysiologically in the dorsal rim area, and that this is related to the way this eye region detects polarization in skylight. PMID- 7237518 TI - Ultrastructural study of electrophysiologically identified neurones in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat. AB - The ultrastructural characterization of electrophysiologically identified neurones of the rat paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus was performed with extracellular labelling technique. The extracellularly recorded neurons are labelled with an electrophoretic deposit of alcian blue contained in the recording micropipette. The neurone thus labelled takes on a dark and shrunken appearance which enables its detection among neighbouring cells without, however, concealing its main morphological characteristics. 1) Spontaneously firing neurones, invaded by an antidromic action potential elicited by electrical stimulation of the neurohypophysis, were identified as magnocellular cells containing dense-cored vesicles of 200-250 nm in diameter. Dense-cored vesicles were not found in the antidromically activated neurones devoid of spontaneous activity. 2) Trans-synaptically activated neurones in the PVN or in its dorso lateral edge were small cells devoid of dense secretory vesicles. 3) PV neurones in which neurohypophysial stimulation evoked no response, contained small, dense vesicles (100 nm in diameter) comparable with those found in parvocellular peptidergic neurones. PMID- 7237519 TI - The sensillum capitulum, an antennal hygro- and thermoreceptive sensillum of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana L. AB - The sensillum capitulum, a hygro- and thermoreceptive sensillum of the cockroach Periplaneta americana L. is comprised of four receptor cells, one glial cell, two gland cells and four enveloping cells. Each receptor cell sends a single axon to the CNS, and has a single dendrite which extends distally. The perikarya of three receptor cells are enclosed by one of the enveloping cells (number one) and the fourth by a gland cell. The dendrites of all four receptor cells are enclosed by the same enveloping cell. The dendrites contain rootlets and many microtubules. The sensory cilia arise at the end of the dendrites at the level of the inner cavity, expand from the connecting cilium in a manner similar to those of the amphinematic scolopidia, and have numerous microtubules. The 1st enveloping cell contains scolopale rod-like structures. The sensory cilia are surrounded distally by a cuticular sheath formed within the 1st enveloping cell. One of the sensory cilia disappears distally, and the remaining ones enter the sensillum cone. Of these, one branches and the other two do not. The distal ends of the unbranched cilia are differentiated into tubular structures. The sensillum cone is comprised of an inner stem and a guard wall, neither of which is perforated. The outer cavity is enclosed by the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th enveloping cells, and distally in the antenna is closely apposed to the cuticular wall. This cavity contains lipid deposits. These structural features are discussed with regard to the mechanism of hygroreception in P. americana. PMID- 7237520 TI - Histochemical and ultrastructural study of the nervous elements in the pineal organ of the eel, Anuilla anguilla. AB - The pineal organ of the eel, Anguilla anguilla was studied light-and electron microscopically. The tissue consists predominantly of glia-like supporting cells and photoreceptor-like sensory cells, which establish synaptic contacts with pineal nerve cells. Histochemically, a positive acetylcholinesterase (AchE) reaction can be observed in the perinuclear cytoplasm of the nerve cells and in the inner segments of the photoreceptor cells. Based on the intensity of the AchE reaction and the dimensions of the perikarya, at least two different types of nerve cells can be distinguished: type I with a large, intensely staining perikaryon, located mainly in the pineal end-vesicle, and type II with a smaller, moderately staining perikaryon, found predominantly in the pineal stalk. The total number of AchE-positive neurons in the pineal organ is approximately 370. About 140 neurons are found in the end-vesicle and 230 in the pineal stalk. Electron microscopical observations of transverse sections through the proximal most part of the pineal stalk near the subcommissural organ in the diencephalic roof reveal the presence of approximately 530 nerve fibers was found distally from the site of transection. Consequently, it is assumed that the majority of the pineal-tract fibers is afferent (pinealofugal) and that the difference between the number of AchE-positive perikarya and the number of pineal-tract fibers in mainly caused by the presence of AchE-negative perikarya. It is possible, however, that in the proximal-most part of the stalk, inside the diencephalic roof, nerve fibers from other parts of the brain establish synaptic contacts with pineal elements. PMID- 7237521 TI - Distribution of carotid body type I cells and other periadventitial type I cells in the carotid bifurcation regions of the rabbit. AB - The distribution of carotid body type I and periadventitial type I cells in the carotid bifurcation regions was investigated unilaterally in seven and bilaterally in two New Zealand White rabbits. Carotid body type I cells occurred in close proximity to the wall of the internal carotid artery immediately rostral to the carotid bifurcation, within a division of connective tissue with definable but irregular borders. Caudally, and separate from the main mass of carotid body type I cells, isolated groups of periadventitial type I cells lay freely in the connective tissue around the internal carotid artery and alongside the carotid bifurcation and common carotid artery. A overall picture of the carotid body in the rabbit was reconstructed and the occurrence and significance of periadventitial type I cells discussed. PMID- 7237523 TI - The morphology of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) visual system. VII. Innervation of photoreceptor neurons by neurosecretory efferents. AB - Efferent fibers to the compound eye of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, not only innervate the various pigment cells, but also invade the eccentric cell dendrite and the retinula cells. This finding provides a structural basis for the coupling of circadian rhythm between the efferents and the receptor cells. PMID- 7237522 TI - A calcium-binding site modifiable by electrical stimulation in the monoaminergic vesicles of rat pineal nerves. PMID- 7237524 TI - Accumulation of myocardial lipid droplets in dexamethasone-treated mice. AB - Conventionally fixed and plastic-embedded myocardial tissue from mice treated with 1 mg/kg body weight dexamethasone for 48 h was examined in the electron microscope. The dexamethasone-treated mice showed a marked increase in the accumulation of lipid droplets, as compared with control animals. The percent volume of lipid droplets, calculated by morphometric analysis, showed a significant increase in the dexamethasone-treated mice. No other ultrastructural difference between dexamethasone-treated mice and controls was observed. PMID- 7237525 TI - Electron-microscopic studies on reaggregate cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells from normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Vascular smooth muscle cells were taken from the aortae of the WKY (normotensive) and SHR (spontaneously hypertensive) strains of rat by enzymatic dispersion and put into reaggregate culture. Initially the cells became individual spheroids having average diameters of 10 micrometers and surfaces that were either rough or smooth. The cells were far more complex than they appeared on their surfaces; after one day in culture, there was considerable internal variation in these cells. All the cells, whether WKY or SHR, lost the bulk of their cytoplasmic contents (including myofilaments, many mitochondria, and vesicular structures) in the early stages of culture and eventually became flattened. After 14 days in culture, these modified cells collected to form reaggregates that were commonly roughly spherical and several hundred micrometers in diameter. These reaggregates consisted of peripheral regions made up of several layers of flattened cells overlying cores formed by glia-like networks of cells similar in cytological appearance to the cells at the periphery. The meshes formed in this way contained cellular debris derived from dead cells or extrusion of cellular contents. It appears that SHR cells are quicker to form reaggregates than are WKY cells. Yet the SHR cells retained a rounded conformation after five days, whereas the WKY cells were more flattened and formed a more discrete aggregate at this stage of culture. However, by the fourteenth day of culture, differences between the two cell strains were not so pronounced, as far as could be judged by observations made with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Both WKY and SHR cells at 14 days appeared highly secretory, possessing large Golgi systems as well as numerous ER cisternae and mitochondria. SHR cells produced greater amounts of connective tissue at all stages of culture than did WKY cells, indicating that a similar difference may contribute to the hypertension which develops naturally in situ in SHR animals. PMID- 7237526 TI - Multinucleate Sertoli cells in aged human testis. AB - The present investigation documents morphological characteristics of human Sertoli cells of aged males. Testicular material was obtained from 35 patients (age 62-84 years) with carcinoma of the prostate who had received no previous anticancer therapy. As revealed by light and electron microscopy the appearance of the germinal epithelium showed great individual variations. In all cases examined, however, the occurrence of multinucleate Sertoli cells was a common finding. In seminiferous tubules with intact spermatogenesis these cells closely resembled the normally occurring variants, whereas they displayed features reminiscent of immaturity in the absence of germ cells. It is hypothesized that the nuclei of Sertoli cells in the special situation of aging may resume the capacity to divide, an ability normally restricted to immature cells. Thus, mitosis without subsequent cytokinesis might be an explanation for the formation of multinucleate Sertoli cells. PMID- 7237527 TI - A new mechanism for transitory, local endocytosis in photoreceptors of a spider, Dinopis. AB - Intermediate segment outgrowth (ISOs) are transitory specialisations of the plasma membrane of intermediate segments of the posterior median photoreceptors of Dinopis. Local regions form outgrowths into the glial partitions separating the receptors and remain connected to their parent intermediate segments by narrow necks. ISOs, only a few micrometers in diameter, are sites of intense endocytosis. Coated pits in their plasma membranes give rise to saccular internalisations. Unusual, slender, endocytotic tubules either pinch off coated vesicles, or become detached to yield a tubular detritus. Products of endocytosis are assembled to yield multivesicular and dense bodies, which are usually surrounded by smooth saccules derived from the endoplasmic reticulum of the intermediate segment. ISOs also contain arrays of tubules, thought to be stacks of haemocyanin molecules. There are usually at least 10 times the number of empty ISOs as full and active outgrowths. The number of active ISOs increases rapidly at dawn to peak at about 3 h after sunrise and then rapidly declines. The present sample suggests that the number of empty ISOs increases steadily throughout the day. Thus, ISOs turn over and are probably rapidly formed and short-lived. The contents of ISOs are observed to be evicted into the intermediate segments, where they presumably join the population of secondary lysosomes and are digested. The cyclical activity of ISOs is greatest after shedding of rhabdomeral membrane at dawn (Blest 1978). ISOs are thought to be concerned with the return to the receptors of a minor fraction of rhabdomeral material lost to extracellular space during shedding of the microvillar membrane. PMID- 7237528 TI - Intertubular topography in the bovine testis. AB - The intertubular stroma of the bovine testis is composed of narrow strands between two adjacent tubules and larger tri- and quadrangular interstices between three to four tubules. The latter contain the majority of Leydig cells, larger blood vessels and testicular lymph vessels. Leydig cells occur in groups or cords, not every cell being in close contact to a capillary, lymph vessel or venule. Between adjacent Leydig cells intercellular canaliculi and gap junctions are frequently encountered. Bovine Leydig cells are further characterized by an abundance of ribosome-associated endoplasmic reticulum, by mitochondria often containing crystalloid structures and displaying both tubular and lamelliform cristae, as well as by a relative paucity of lipid droplets and lysosomes. Independent of the size of intertubular lymph vessels their walls consist only of an endothelium of varying thickness, no typical basal lamina or associated musculature being present. The interstitial surface of the endothelium sends anchoring cytoplasmic pedicles into the subjacent ground substance and collagen fibrils. Among occasional plasma cells, mast cells and mononuclear leucocytes, a regular constituent of the intertubular region studied is a population of electron-lucid, irregularly shaped cells (light intercalated cells = LIC) with slender, pleomorphic processes. These cells are believed to be involved in testicular androgen storage and distribution. PMID- 7237529 TI - An ultrastructural and autoradiographic study of the immune response in Hyalophora cecropia pupae. AB - Three types of hemocytes are found in the Cecropia pupa, plasmatocytes, granular cells, and spherule cells. The granular cells are the major phagocytic blood cells, taking up the bacterium Enterobacter cloacae when this is injected into the pupae. Disintegrating blood cells are observed near the pericardial tissue. No other changes in ultrastructure are noted in hemocytes and pericardial cells which could be correlated with the immune response in these pupae. The fat body cells from pupae injected with bacteria contain abundant RER and Golgi bodies, whereas those from wounded (saline injected) and untreated controls do not. The fat body is the only tissue that responds to bacterial injection by increased incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA. These findings support the idea that the fat body is the main site of synthesis of the immune proteins. PMID- 7237530 TI - Structure of the auditory system of the weta Hemideina crassidens (blanchard, 1851) (Orthoptera, Ensifera, Gryllacridoidea, Stenopelmatidae). 1. Morphology and histology. AB - The morphology and histology of the tibial auditory system of the New Zealand weta, Hemideina crassidens, are described. The groups of acoustic sensilla conform closely to the subgenual organ, intermediate organ and crista acoustica of the Tettigoniidae. Each prothoracic tibia bears two thick (40-100 micrometers) tympana of approximately equal size divided into two distinct zones. The tracheae of the prothoracic legs are connected across the midline by a transverse commissure and by a chiasma between the ventral longitudinal trunks. No expanded vesicle ("vesicula acoustica") is associated with the spiracle. The anterior and posterior tracheae are divided into three distinct regions within the tibia: (1) a bulbous proximal posterior inflated chamber, (2) the tympanal vesicles to which the tympana attach, and (3) an elongate distal posterior inflated chamber. The pattern of innervation in the tympanal region is similar to that of gryllids as is the central projection of the tympanal nerve. The subgenual organ, which contains ca. 50 sensilla, forms an acute angle with the wall of the leg. The intermediate organ contains ca. 19 sensilla forming an arc against the anterior wall of the leg. The crista acoustica contains ca. 50 sensilla aligned in a gelatinous matrix along the dorsal surface of the anterior tympanal vesicle. Each dendrite projects distally, then is reflected proximally and dorsally to end in a scolopale embedded in an attachment cell. The attachment cells are stellate in the proximal portion of the crista, but distally they occur as parallel lamellae. The weta ear is compared with those of other Orthoptera. PMID- 7237531 TI - Structure of the auditory system of the weta Hemideina crassidens (Blanchard, 1851). (Orthoptera, Ensifera, Gryllacridoidea, Stenopelmatidae). 2. Ultrastructure of the auditory sensilla. AB - This study of the ultrastructure of the auditory sensilla of the New Zealand weta, Hemideina crassidens, is the first such study on a member of the orthopteran Superfamily Gryllacridoidea. Ultrastructure of the auditory sensilla is similar in all of the tibial mechanosensory organs, here called subgenual organ, intermediate organ and crista acoustica by analogy with comparable structures in Tettigoniidae. Distal to each sensory soma is a dendrite containing multiple ciliary rootlets that fuse into a single ciliary root. This splits into nine root processes that pass around the outside of the proximal basal body and then rejoin at the level of the distal basal body, distal to which the dendrite has a modified ciliary structure with a circlet of nine peripheral paired tubes and rods as it passes through the proximal extracellular space. It is then enclosed by a zone of scolopale cell cytoplasm before expanding into a dilatation within the distal extracellular space. In some sensilla this space is partially occluded by electron dense material which is part of the scolopale cell. Distal to the dilatation the cilium shrinks and ends surrounded by the scolopale cap. Accessory cells consist of glia enwrapping the sensory neuron in the region of its soma, the scolopale cell surrouinding the ciliary portion of the dendrite, and the attachment cell surrounding the scolopale cell and scolopale cap and connected to them by desmosomes. The attachment cells are filled with microtubules in differing densities and orientations. Lamellae are present in the acellular matrix surrounding the attachment cells. Banded fibres, presumably of collagen, are also present in the matrix. PMID- 7237532 TI - Evidence for a direct role of alpha-MSH in morphological background adaptation of the skin in Sarotherodon mossambicus. AB - The skin colour of the cichlid teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus adapted rapidly to changes in background colour. The physiological adaptation was associated with morphological changes in the dermis. Differences in the dermis were found between fish adapted to a black or white background for 14 days. Number and size of the melanophores as well as the amount of pigment in the cytoplasm of the melanophores were significantly increased in fish adapted to a black background. Changes in the dermis parallelled changes in the state of activity of the two endocrine cell types in the pars intermedia of the pituitary. Both the PAS positive cells and the MSH producing cells were more active when the fish were exposed to a black rather than a white background. Fish continuously infused with alpha-MSH, using an osmotic minipump, had more melanophore cytoplasm and pigment per dermis surface unit area than untreated fish. The activity of the MSH cells in MSH-infused fish exposed to a black background was reduced to a level comparable to the MSH cell activity of untreated fish on a white background. alpha-MSH treated fish that were exposed to a white background had many disintegrating MSH cells. These findings point to inactivation of these cells by exogenous alpha-MSH. The activity of the PAS positive cells was not influenced by treatment with alpha-MSH. PMID- 7237534 TI - Crystalline pteridines in the stromal pigment cells of the iris of the great horned owl. AB - The bright yellow color of the iris of the Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) is due to unusual pigment cells in the iris stroma. These cells are spherical and contain numerous clear lipid droplets. Around the periphery of these cells are ovoid crystalline granules that are highly birefringent and vary in color from yellow to clear gray. Differential extraction of the lipid droplets and peripheral granules with lipid solvents and 2% KOH confirmed the localization of the yellow pigment in these granules. The color, solubility, fluorescence, chromatographic mobility and ultraviolet absorption of the extracted pigment suggest it is primarily xanthopterin. It is proposed that the peripheral granules are crystalline pterinosomes capable of reflecting light. Most of the cells contain yellow reflecting granules and can be considered reflecting xanthophores. Cells lying deeper in the stroma have colorless reflecting granules and can be considered pteridine containing leucophores. PMID- 7237533 TI - The perineurium of the adult housefly: ultrastructure and permeability to lanthanum. AB - The ultrastructure of the perineurial cells of Musca overlying the first optic neuropile was examined by transmission electron microscopy. These cells are somewhat similar to those of other insects but cytoplasmic flanges seem to be absent, and mitochondria are relatively large and sinuous. The intercellular channel system on the lateral border of the cells is relatively spacious and highly meandering. Perineurial cells are joined by septate, gap, and tight junctions, hemidesmosomes, and desmosomes. Tight and septate junctions bond perineurial cells and glial cells. These data are evaluated on the basis of tracer studies with lanthanum. This material penetrates the extracellular space between perineurium and underlying glial and nerve cells, between epithelial glial cells and retinular axon terminals (capitate projections), and between the alpha-beta fiber pair in the optic cartridge (gnarls). If no damage occurs to the perineurial cells during tissue preparation, this passage of lanthanum to neuronal surfaces indicates that the blood brain barrier is incomplete in this restricted area. Supportive evidence for such permeance is based on electrophysiological data, considerations of membrane specializations in the optic neuropile, and Na+/K+ ratios of dipteran hemolymph. PMID- 7237535 TI - Effects of pimozide on the ultrastructure of the pars intermedia in the rat. AB - The effects of pimozide, a dopamine receptor-blocking agent, were studied in the pars intermedia of the rat. The animals received 100 microgram/100 g pimozide daily for 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. Pimozide induces ultrastructural changes after 5 days of treatment. About 50% of the MSH-cells display characteristics of stimulation. Their cytoplasm is partially or totally depleted of secretory granules. The rough endoplasmic reticulum displays a network of interconnecting cisternae and ribbon-like structures. The well-developed Golgi complexes exhibit numerous dilatations of their cisternae, which contain electron-dense material. The nerve endings are not altered. Twenty days after treatment, the above described changes have not decreased in magnitude. The present findings suggest that pimozide stimulates the mechanism of synthesis and release in some MSH cells, most probably the elements underlying an inhibitory dopaminergic control. PMID- 7237536 TI - Circadian changes in microtubules, synaptic ribbons and synaptic ribbon fields in the pinealocytes of the baboon (Papio ursinus). AB - In baboons kept under controlled lighting conditions, microtubules (MT) are readily seen in the perikaryal cytoplasm and in the perivascular processes of pinealocytes. A significant increase in the number of MT, single synaptic ribbons (SR) and the formation of synaptic ribbon fields (RF, i.e. organelles which consist of multiple dense rodlets or plates, and vesicles), occur during the dark phase of a circadian light-dark cycle. MT may act as "tracks" for the oriented flow of vesicles derived from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, to cytoplasmic sites where RF are being formed. The origin of the dense rodlets of RF remains unknown. Structural differences between SR and RF indicate that the latter organelles are not directly involved in impulse propagation between adjacent baboon pinealocytes. RF may function as storage organelles for some of the pineal secretory products which are formed in large amounts during the dark phase. PMID- 7237537 TI - Ultrastructure of spermiogenesis in Liza aurata risso, 1810 (Teleostei, Mugilidae). AB - Sequential cytological events in late spermatogenesis of LIza aurata were studied from the stage secondary spermatocytes to that of mature spermatozoa. Spermiogenesis involves preparatory morphological events followed by conspicuous modifications such as intracellular movements (diplosome and mitochondrion migration, spermatid lengthening, nuclear rotation) and structural changes (dense chromatin granules, increase in size of mitochondria, loss of cytoplasm). Mature spermatozoa, with a round nucleus and a pseudo-midpiece are of a primitive type, even compared with spermatozoa of other teleosis. PMID- 7237538 TI - Ultrastructural study of the postembryonic development of the neural lamella of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera). AB - The neural lamella encapsulating the brain of the wax moth Galleria mellonella develops from a very thin (80-120 nm) layer in the first larval instar, resembling the basal lamina, to a thick (1-4 micrometer) sheath composed of two zones in the seventh (last) instar. After its breakdown at the time of larval pupal ecdysis the neural lamella is reconstructed in the pupa, 2-3 days before pupal-adult ecdysis. The cells of the perineurium seem to be responsible for the formation of the neural lamella, both in the larva and pupa, even though its ultrastructure differs at these stages. PMID- 7237539 TI - Neuroepithelial bodies in the lung of the tree frog, Hyla arborea L. A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study. AB - The endocrine-like cells (ELC), which together with nerve endings form the neuroepithelial bodies, are located on primary and secondary septa in the non ciliated epithelium of the lung of Hyla arborea. ELC protrude markedly toward the lumen of the lung and are surrounded by pneumocytes, which separate ELC from the lumen by thin cytoplasmic processes. ELC possess a light cytoplasm containing two types of granules: (i) numerous small granules, 50-110 nm in diameter, and (ii) single large granules, 290-860 nm in diameter. Numerous nerve fibers, often forming synaptic junctions, can be observed in contact with ELC. PMID- 7237540 TI - Microspectrofluorometric study of monoamines in the auricle of the heart of Protopterus aethiopicus. AB - The auricle of the heart of Protopterus aethiopicus contains large numbers of chromaffin cells, often lying immediately adjacent to the endothelium and displaying a bright blue-white fluorescence characteristic for catecholamines after formaldehyde treatment (Falck and Owman 1965). These results combined with X-ray microanalysis after initial fixation with glutaraldehyde and subsequent treatment with dichromate established that these chromaffin cells are the storage site of primary catecholamines (Scheuermann 1978, 1979, 1980; Scheuermann et al. 1980). The aim of the present pilot study was to demonstrate in these cells noradrenaline (NA) or dopamine (DA), or a mixture of both. The evaluation of the excitation spectra of the catecholamine fluorophore transformed by treatment with HCl vapour (excitation maxima at 320 and 370 nm) and the excitation-peak ratio analysis (peak ratio 370/320 nm = 1.05-1.5; and 320/280 nm greater than 1.5) identify DA as the primary catecholamine stored in these chromaffin cells. The low fading rate of the monoamine fluorescence after acidification confirms the presence of DA. These microspectrofluorometric findings demonstrate that chromaffin cells in the auricle of the Protopterus heart, which are a part of the medullary homologue of the adrenal gland of higher vertebrates, contain a primary catecholamine, namely DA. PMID- 7237541 TI - Cloning of DNA from double minutes of Y1 mouse adrenocortical tumor cells: evidence for gene amplification. AB - We have isolated a metaphase chromosome fraction highly enriched in double minutes (dm) from a mouse adrenocortical tumor cell line (Y1-DM). We have cloned DNA from this dm-enriched fraction in the lambda vector Charon 4A, and have characterized two randomly chosen recombinant bacteriophage clones from this dm DNA library. When 32 P-labeled DNA from each recombinant was hybridized to Southern blots of restriction endonuclease-digested DNA from different mouse cell lines, large differences were seen in the intensity of the resulting autoradiographic images, depending on the source of the genomic DNA. A very strong signal was obtained with DNA from the Y1-DM cells and with DNA from a related Y1 subline that lacks dm but contains a marker chromosome bearing a large homogeneously staining region (HSR). Hybridization to DNA from parental inbred mice and from two unrelated mouse cell lines produced a significantly weaker signal than that obtained with DNA from the Y1 cells, but the DNA fragments from the sources were of similar size. Based on results from filter hybridization analysis, we estimate that sequences homologous to the cloned fragments are approximately 100- to 200-fold more abundant in the genome of the Y1-DM cells than in the parental mouse cells. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that dm and HSRs in these cells contain amplified genes. PMID- 7237542 TI - Molecular analysis of cytoplasmic microtubules in situ: identification of both widespread and specific proteins. AB - We have analyzed the molecular components of cytoplasmic microtubules in situ in several types of cultured cells. Our approach makes use of preparations of detergent-extracted cytoskeletons that contain the original cellular microtubules. Identification of microtubule components is based on two criteria: their presence in the cytoskeleton preparations is dependent upon the presence of intact microtubules, and they are released from such preparations by buffers that depolymerize microtubules. Proteins that meet these criteria are described. Some of them are restricted to cells of certain species or tissues of origin. Others appear to be of widespread distribution. Among the latter is a protein homologous to one of the tau polypeptides in brain microtubule protein. PMID- 7237543 TI - Regulation of periodic protein synthesis in the cell cycle: control of initiation and termination of flagellar gene expression. PMID- 7237544 TI - Mutations that lead to reiterations in the cell lineages of C. elegans. AB - Cells in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans arise from invariant cell lineages. Mutations in two genes, unc-86 and lin-4, alter multiple and mutually exclusive sets of these lineages. In these mutants, particular cells repeat division patterns normally associated with their parental or grandparental progenitors. The effects of unc-86 are highly specific, altering in equivalent ways the lineages of three post-embryonic neuroblasts that in the wild-type undergo similar division patterns. The effects of lin-4 are more varied, resulting in a number of types of lineage reiterations as well as in supernumerary molts and the continued synthesis of larval-specific cuticle. The reiteration of a given cell division or pattern of cell divisions leads to the repeated generation of cells indistinguishable (by both light and electron microscopy) from those produced after the same division or pattern of cell divisions in the wild-type. This correlation between lineage history and cell fate suggests that in C. elegans a particular sequence of cell divisions may be necessary for the generation of a particular cell type. Reiterative lineages, often referred to as stem cell lineages, may be basic to the development of nematodes and other organisms. We suggest that the wild-type unc-86 and lin-4 genes act to modify latent reiterative cell lineages, which are revealed when the activity of one of these genes is eliminated. PMID- 7237545 TI - The foundation of two distinct cell lineages within the mouse morula. AB - The division of single cells, isolated from an 8-cell mouse embryo, to give 2 x 1/16 cells has been studied by sampling cells for analysis at defined stages during and after the division. Cells were analyzed for evidence of polarity in their surface organization as assessed by fluorescent ligand binding and distribution of microvilli. Individual 1/8 cells are polarized. At division, most (82%) divide such that both the pole of ligand binding and the pole of microvilli are distributed to only one of the two daughter cells. A couplet is thereby formed with a large polar cell and a small apolar cell. Some 1/8 cells divide through the pole, generating a couplet of two polar cells, the poles being contiguous at the midbody. Elements of the surface polarity observed in the 1/8 cells can be found at all stages throughout division. Analysis of couplets of cells derived from newly formed 16-cell morulae also reveals that most consist of a polar:apolar pair and some consist of a polar:polar couplet in which the poles are contiguous at the midbody. The results indicate that two distinct cell populations are generated at division. These cells are known to occupy different positions within the morula, the polar cells being peripheral and the apolar cells being central. Since peripheral and central cells give rise to trophectoderm and inner cell mass in the blastocyst, we therefore suggest that the foundation of the trophectoderm and inner cell mass lineages may occur by a process of differential inheritance. This conclusion supports the recently proposed polarization hypothesis, which is discussed. PMID- 7237546 TI - Tubulin induction in C. reinhardii: requirement for tubulin mRNA synthesis. AB - Flagellar excision in Chlamydomonas reinhardii triggers a rapid and extensive induction of tubulin synthesis. Cloned plasmids, pFT beta 1 and pFT beta 2, carrying cDNA inserts complementary to beta-tubulin mRNA, have been prepared and used to demonstrate a direct requirement for tubulin mRNA synthesis during tubulin induction. Increased tubulin mRNA synthesis is detected within 5 min after deflagellation. During the 45 min peak period of tubulin synthesis, tubulin mRNA accumulates to levels 15- to 35-fold higher than those found in control (non deflagellated) cells. In addition, there appears to be a direct correlation between tubulin mRNA concentrations and the levels of tubulin production during the induction and deinduction cycle that accompanies flagellar regeneration. Amiprophosmethyl (APM), a compound we reported earlier as a selective inhibitor of tubulin synthesis in deflagellated cells, is shown to block the accumulation of tubulin mRNA following flagellar excision and to cause the rapid loss of tubulin mRNA from cells treated at the peak of induction. PMID- 7237547 TI - Guiding growth cones. PMID- 7237548 TI - The fate of foreign proteins introduced in Xenopus oocytes. PMID- 7237549 TI - Mammals have multiple genes for individual ribosomal proteins. AB - The reiteration frequency of the genes that encode the structural proteins of the mammalian ribosome was studied with a set of cloned cDNA probes containing several different mouse r-protein mRNA sequences. Results from a reassociation kinetics analysis, Southern blotting experiments and gene cloning studies collectively indicate that each individual r-protein species is represented by multiple genes in mammals. Among the examples studied, the multiplicity of mouse r-protein genes varied from about 7 to 20, a striking contrast to the low copy numbers observed in less evolutionarily advanced eucaryotes. The multiplicity of individual r-protein genes in humans and rodents is similar. PMID- 7237550 TI - Chromosomal distribution of ribosomal protein genes in the mouse. AB - The chromosomal distributions of five families of mouse r-protein genes (S16, L18, L19, L30 and L32/33) were studied by Southern blot analysis of DNa from a panel of mouse-hamster hybrid cells containing various complements of mouse chromosomes. Our results indicated that members of a particular family are often located on more than one chromosome, that extensive clustering of many r-protein gene families on a few chromosomes is unlikely, and that there is no obligatory linkage of r-protein and rRNA genes. PMID- 7237551 TI - Alpha-Globin-gene switching during the development of chicken embryos: expression and chromosome structure. AB - We have analyzed the chromosome structure and expression of the alpha-gene cluster in developing chicken embryos. Using recombinant lambda clones (Dodgson and Engel, 1980), we show a striking relationship between chromosomal regions that are unmethylated, regions that are DNAase I-sensitive and regions that are transcribed. Adjacent regions at both the 5' and 3' sides of the active alpha genes are methylated and relatively insensitive to DNAase I. The active alpha subdomain defined by these assays begins right at the 5' side of the first alpha gene (alpha D) in the active cluster in definitive red cells and extends through a 1.5 kb spacer, into the second alpha gene (alpha A), and 1.5 kb beyond the 3' side of that gene. The sharp boundaries of this subdomain suggest that specific DNA sequences may establish its borders. The extension of the active chromosomal domain beyond the most stable nuclear transcript suggests that transcription may proceed beyond the 3' ends of both alpha A and alpha D. This has been verified by in vitro runoff nuclear transcription. Presumably, poly(A) addition occurs before transcription is terminated. During the switch from the primitive to definitive lineage of erythroblasts, the so-called U gene becomes inactive. This inactivity is reflected in its assembly into a more DNAase-resistant structure. The associated DNA also becomes methylated, and no transcription is detectable by endogenous RNA polymerases. A DNAase I-hypersensitive region at the gene becomes inactivated after the switch to the definitive lineage. PMID- 7237552 TI - The duplicated human alpha-globin genes: their relative expression as measured by RNA analysis. AB - The human alpha-globin genes are duplicated and encode identical polypeptides. Recently we detected in cloned genomic DNAs characteristic sequence differences between the 3' untranslated regions of the 5' (alpha 2) and 3' (alpha 1) genes, not previously recognized by direct analysis of mRNA and cDNA transcripts. Based on these untranslated region differences, we have now used S1 nuclease mapping of RNA to detect and quantitate the two predicted alpha-mRNA species. With this assay we have examined the relative expression of the alpha-globin genes during normal development and in alpha-thalassemia syndromes. In normal adult reticulocytes, alpha 2 RNA is slightly more abundant than the alpha 1 species (ratio 60:40). This relative abundance of the alpha RNAs was consistently observed in fetal blood and liver RNA samples from 10 weeks of gestation to birth. In both deletion and nondeletion forms of alpha thalassemia, only the alpha 1 RNA and establish the normal pattern of relative alpha-gene expression during development independent of protein variants. RNA analysis also permits for the first time identification of the mutant genes in nondeletion forms of thalassemia. PMID- 7237553 TI - Activation of globin genes during chicken development. AB - Hb first appears in the developing chicken blastoderm at 35 hr of incubation. We have isolated the presumptive Hb-forming area of the embryo at 20-23 hr and shown that most of the cells in this region are red cell precursors. The structure and activity of the globin genes in these precursors have been assayed in three ways: by runoff nuclear transcription to measure the number of initiated RNA polymerases present on the globin genes; by measuring the degree of methylation of these genes with methyl-sensitive restriction enzymes; and by monitoring the DNAase I sensitivity and the generation of DNAase I-hypersensitive sites in the globin chromatin. All these assays show the globin genes to be inactive in precursor cells. Additional experiments focusing on the mechanism of the transition from an inactive to an active chromosome structure indicate that DNA replication but not cytokinesis is intimately coupled to the transition process. PMID- 7237554 TI - The adult beta-globin genes of the "single" type mouse C57BL. AB - A set of four clones containing the two adult beta-globin genes of the "single" type mouse C57BL/10 (genotype Hbbs/Hbbs) were isolated from a library of cloned restriction fragments. The two genes, designated beta s and beta t, were physically mapped onto a 32 kb segment of the chromosome carried by the four clones. Beta s and beta t form a stable heteroduplex 1850 bp long, indicating that they are intact and conserved at this level of resolution throughout their length, including their intervening sequences. The beta s gene allelic with the beta dmaj gene of the BALB/c mouse (genotype Hbbd/Hbbd). These two alleles, as well as their surrounding sequences, are highly conserved. In contrast, heteroduplexes of beta t with its BALB/c allele, beta dmin, revealed three extensive but localized rearrangements. One region of non-homology falls within the large intervening sequence, IVS2. To the 5' side of the beta/beta dmin gene position two unequal substitutions were observed; each results in the net insertion of about 1000 bp into the Hbbd chromosome. The beta/b dmin gene position is bracketed by a 1450 bp inverted repeat. One of the 1000 bp substitutions maps within this inverted repeat. PMID- 7237555 TI - Membrane assembly: posttranslational insertion of M13 procoat protein into E. coli membranes and its proteolytic conversion to coat protein in vitro. AB - The major coat protein (gene 8 product) of bacteriophage M13 is an integral membrane protein during infection of host cells. It is synthesized as a larger precursor (procoat) with a leader sequence of 23 amino acids at its amino terminus. In vivo studies have shown that procoat only inserts into the host-cell plasma membrane after its synthesis is completed. We now demonstrate that procoat can post-translationally insert into inverted cytoplasmic membrane vesicles from E. coli and can be processed proteolytically to yield coat protein. Procoat changes from an assembly-competent substrate to an incompetent (denatured) form within minutes after its synthesis; much of the procoat that accumulates during an hour of in vitro synthesis is therefore denatured. These studies emphasize the importance of stringent criteria for the demonstration of obligate cotranslational assembly. PMID- 7237556 TI - Substrate adhesion of rat hepatocytes: mechanism of attachment to collagen substrates. AB - Attachment of rat hepatocytes to collagen, which occurs without the aid of fibronectin, was found to be a time-dependent reaction characterized by an initial lag phase of 10-20 min before stable attachment bonds began to form. Increasing the density of molecules in the collagen substrates enhanced the rate of cell attachment. The hepatocytes attached essentially equally well to all the collagen types tested (types I, II, III, IV and V). The initial rate of cell attachment was more rapid to native collagen than to denatured collagen or alpha 1(I) chains, apparently indicating different affinities of the cells for these substrates. However, if cells were incubated for 60 min or more, efficient attachment occurred to the alpha 1(I) chain and to all cyanogen-bromide-treated peptides tested (alpha 1-CB2, alpha 1-CB3, alpha 1-CB4, alpha 1-CB5, alpha 1 CB6A, alpha 1-CB7, alpha 1-CB8, alpha 2-CB2, alpha 2-CB3 and alpha 2-CB4) but not to the aminopropeptide of type I procollagen. A low but significant degree of attachment also took place to substrates made of synthetic peptides with the collagen-like structures (Gly-Ala-Pro)n, (Gly-Pro-Pro)n and (Gly-Pro-Hyp)n, whereas no attachment was observed to polyproline. We suggest that the cell binding sites in collagen have a simple structure and occur in multiple copies along the collagen molecule. Addition of collagen in solution inhibited initial cell attachment, an effect that persisted longer on substrates made of alpha 1(I) chain than on denatured collagen. The collected data are interpreted in terms of a model for cell-to-collagen adhesion where the formation of stable attachment bonds requires the binding of several low-affinity receptors, clustered at the site of adhesion, to collagen molecules in the substrate. PMID- 7237557 TI - Lipid composition and lateral diffusion in plasma membranes of teratocarcinoma derived cell lines. AB - We measured lipid lateral diffusion rates for a series of teratocarcinoma-derived and embryo-derived cell lines, using the technique of fluorescence photobleaching recovery with a fluorescent lipid probe, C16dil. The probe diffuses more rapidly in plasma membranes of embryonal carcinoma cells than in plasma membranes of teratocarcinoma-derived endodermal cell lines. When embryonal carcinoma cells are induced to differentiate by treatment with retinoic acid, diffusion constants of C16dil are reduced to levels typical of endoderm. These changes are paralleled by differences in membrane cholesterol content; membrane free cholesterol levels in embryonal carcinoma lines are approximately half those found in endodermal lines, and are markedly increased upon retinoic-acid-induced differentiation. PMID- 7237558 TI - Chromosomal position and activation of retroviral genomes inserted into the germ line of mice. AB - The exogenous Moloney leukemia virus (M-MuLV) was inserted into the germ line of mice by exposing embryos to virus at different stages of embryogenesis. Mice derived from exposed embryos were mosaics with respect to integrated virus. Nine new substrains, designated Mov-5 to Mov-13, were derived, each of which carries a single M-MuLV genome at a different chromosomal position in its germ line. Four substrains, Mov-1 to Mov-4, were derived previously. Restriction enzyme analyses demonstrated that, with the exception of Mov-4 and Mov-6 mice, no major rearrangements or deletions have occurred in the integrated proviral genomes. Infectious virus is not activated in the majority of substrains (Mov-4 to Mov-8 and Mov-10 to Mov-12), whereas the other mice develop viremia. A detailed comparison between Mov-1 and Mov-13 mice demonstrated that the time of virus activation is different. Mov-13 mice activate infectious virus during embryogenesis, leading to a distinct pattern of virus expression in all tissues of the adult, but the viral genome in Mov-1 mice is activated only during the first two weeks after birth, leading to virus expression predominantly in lymphatic organs. Together with previous observations, at least four different phenotypes of virus expression-that is, early virus activation during embryogenesis, virus activation after birth, virus activation late in life and no expression of infectious virus at all-can be distinguished among the 13 substrains. Our results suggest that the chromosomal region at which a viral genome is integrated influences its expression during development and differentiation. PMID- 7237559 TI - Modification of SV40 T antigen by poly ADP-ribosylation. AB - The SV40 large T antigen is a multifunctional protein presumed to represent a single translation product of the early viral genes. A wide range of biological controls including the regulation of viral DNA replication, transcription and cell transformation has been attributed to T antigen. Previous evidence has indicated that large T antigen is modified in at least two ways, N-terminal acetylation and amino acid phosphorylation. In this study, we demonstrate a novel modification of a population of SV40 T antigen molecules by poly ADP ribosylation. The covalent linkage of this oligonucleotide side chain to large T antigen, but not small t antigen, was demonstrated in experiments in which SV40 infected cells were labeled in vivo with 32P-orthophosphate or 14C-adenosine. Treatment of this labeled T antigen with snake venom phosphodiesterase released iso-ADP-ribose or treatment with ADP-ribose glycohydrolase released ADP-ribose. A method has been developed for the in vitro ADP-ribosylation of T antigen present in an infected cell nuclear extract with radiolabeled NAD. Since this type of modification is known to affect enzyme activity, its presence on T antigen suggests a similar role in the regulation of certain biological functions under the control of this protein. PMID- 7237560 TI - A split promoter for a eucaryotic tRNA gene. AB - tDNA sequences essential for promotion of transcription have been identified for a tRNA1met gene of X. laevis. A cloned tRNA gene unit was altered by resection of the 5' flanking sequences or by specific deletions of gene and trailing sequences. Gene internal sequences were also substituted by unrelated sequences. The gene units mutated in this way were coinjected into the oocyte together with cloned X. laevis 5S DNA, or were transcribed in vitro, in order to assess the effects of the sequence manipulation on transcription. We find major control sequences to be located near the 5' and the 3' ends of the sequences coding for the mature tRNA. A first such control sequence, having profound effects on the rate of tRNA production, has been mapped to sequence position 8-13 within the structural gene. A second regulatory sequence occurs within the region 51 to 72, that is, in or near the sequence coding for the pseudouridine loop of the tRNA. The sequences pinpointed in this way coincide with highly conserved sequences found in most, if not all, eucaryotic tRNAs. The anterior and the posterior control elements can be moved apart from one another without affecting the rate or points ot initiation and termination of transcription. While all deletions within the sequence coding for the mature tRNA led to inactivity of the mutated genes, substitution of the central portion by concatenated Hind III linkers produced gene units active in transcription. We postulate that the middle portion of the gene has a function in keeping the two control elements at sequence positions 8-30 and 51-72 at a critical distance from one another, a distance that can be enlarged but not shortened without obliterating the activity of the gene. PMID- 7237562 TI - In vivo reactivity of mouse natural killer (NK) cells against normal bone marrow cells. PMID- 7237561 TI - Antiautologous lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity: evidence for prekiller cells as effector cells. PMID- 7237563 TI - Receptors for IgM on rat spleen cells. PMID- 7237564 TI - All KLH preparations are not created equal. PMID- 7237565 TI - Effect of culturing on the human lymphocyte locomotion response to casein, C5a, and fMet-Leu-Phe. PMID- 7237566 TI - Kinetics and mechanisms of pulmonary granuloma formation around Schistosoma japonicum eggs injected into mice. PMID- 7237567 TI - The specificity of receptors for IgA on human peripheral polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes. PMID- 7237568 TI - Response to and production of prostaglandin by murine thymus, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph node cells. PMID- 7237569 TI - Nonspecific human lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity induced by immobilized IgG aggregate. PMID- 7237571 TI - Oral-parenteral immunization leads to the appearance of IgG auto-anti-idiotypic cells in mucosal tissues. PMID- 7237570 TI - Inhibition of the eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) release from human PMNs and rat mast cells by arachidonic acid analogs. PMID- 7237572 TI - Morphological changes in murine submandibular salivary glands after stimulation with autonomic drugs. PMID- 7237573 TI - Cellular origin of secretory granules in murine salivary glands. PMID- 7237574 TI - Prevention of radiation-induced atheromatous plaque formation by prednisolone. A morphologic exploration. PMID- 7237575 TI - Differential commitment of DNA synthesis and mitosis in Reuber H35 rat hepatoma cells. PMID- 7237576 TI - Granule formation in guinea pig and rat heterophil promyelocytes. PMID- 7237577 TI - Distribution of HeLa cells polypeptides in cytoplasts and karyoplasts. AB - The polypeptide composition of cytoplasts and karyoplasts prepared form HeLa cells prelabelled with [35S]-methionine and enucleated with Cytochalasin B has been analyzed using high resolution two dimensional gel electrophoresis (IEF and NEPHGE). Of the 259 major proteins followed in this study we have identified 73 polypeptides (30 acidic(IEF) and 43 basic (NEPHGE)) that are present mainly in karyoplasts. One of these polypeptides (IEF 49) has previously been shown to be a polypeptide marker for cycling cells. A total of 59 polypeptides (27 acidic and 32 basic) were found to be present mainly in cytoplasts. Many polypeptides (109 acidic and 18 basic) including Y and beta-actin (60% in cytoplasts), beta-tubulin (60% in cytoplasts), vimentin (75% in cytoplasts) and alpha-actinin (65% in cytoplasts) were found to be present in both cellular fragments. These results could be of value in assigning the cellular distribution of potential regulatory proteins. PMID- 7237578 TI - [35S]-methionine labelled polypeptides from secondary mouse kidney fibroblasts: coordinates and one dimensional peptide maps of some major polypeptides. AB - A total of 1147 [35S]-methionine labelled polypeptides (826 acidic (IEF) and 321 basic (NEPHGE)) from asynchronous secondary mouse kidney fibroblasts have been separated using high resolution two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Beside numbering the spots, we give for the major polypeptides their coordinates (M.W. and relative mobility respect to beta-actin (IEF) or NEPHGE polypeptide 9 (NEPHGE)). By using one dimensional peptide mapping it has been possible to find homologies between several major mouse and HeLa cell polypeptides. PMID- 7237579 TI - Effects of mitogenic stimulation on the exchangeable pool of calcium in 3T3 cells. AB - The exchange of calcium between cells and external medium was studied in quiescent and mitogenic stimulated sparse 3T3-cells. It was found that mitogenic stimulation caused a rapid reduction of the size of a calcium containing compartment that is exchangeable with the culture medium. Furthermore the mitogenic stimuli caused a translocation of calcium from this exchangeable compartment to a much less exchangeable compartment that is possibly located intracellularly. PMID- 7237580 TI - Calcium requirements for mitogenic stimulation of 3T3-cells in low and high serum concentration. AB - The calcium requirements during mitogenic stimulation of quiescent 3T3-cells in low or in high serum concentration was investigated. It was found that calcium played an equally important role for growth stimulation in low as in high serum concentration. Calcium was not required during the first 6 hours after mitogenic stimulation. However, calcium had to be present thereafter for the cells to initiate DNA-synthesis. The absence of calcium during the first six hours after onset of stimulation did not delay the initiation of DNA-synthesis. PMID- 7237581 TI - Membrane protein detachment and mitogenic stimulation induced by alkaline pH. AB - The stimulatory effects on DNA-synthesis by a short alkaline treatment in low serum concentration on quiescent 3T3-cells in sparse cultures was investigated. It was found that a short alkaline treatment performed at 4 degrees C stimulated quiescent cell to initiate DNA-synthesis to the same extent as a short alkaline treatment at 37 degree C. Furthermore, an alkaline treatment caused a detachment of membrane bound proteins. The quantity of these proteins that were detached during the alkaline treatment, was closely correlated to the stimulatory effects on DNA-synthesis. PMID- 7237582 TI - Chemotactic factor-induced adherence of tumor cells. AB - Two peptides which have previously been shown to induce chemotactic motility in a number of tumor cells were tested for their ability to alter the adhesiveness of Walker Carcinosarcoma cells (A chemotactically-responsive rat tumor) and normal rat fibroblasts (which have previously been shown to be chemotactically nonresponsive). Adherence of the tumor cells to nylon fibers was increased in a dose-dependent manner by the two active peptides. Adherence of the fibroblasts was not increased. Nonchemotactic peptide analogues of the two active peptides did not alter the adherence of either cell type. The increased adhesiveness to foreign surfaces may contribute to the chemotactic response. PMID- 7237583 TI - [Pharmacy education]. PMID- 7237584 TI - [Particle size determination in suspension and emulsion ointments. The modern status of pharmacopoeia requirements]. PMID- 7237585 TI - [The antibacterial, quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide]. PMID- 7237586 TI - [Survey and trends in pharmaceutical and pharmacology research]. PMID- 7237587 TI - [Pharmacy in Sweden]. PMID- 7237588 TI - [QSAR in toxicology. III. Its use in the determination of the toxicity of inorganic cations]. PMID- 7237589 TI - [Perspectives in pharmaceutical innovation after 1980]. PMID- 7237590 TI - [A gas chromatography technic for the determination of etimizol in blood serum]. PMID- 7237591 TI - [Selected methods for the study of the effect of drugs on cellular immunity]. PMID- 7237592 TI - [Testing of the hemoglobin infusion solution (HIS) on LEP cells in the flow through culture system in vitro]. PMID- 7237593 TI - [Autovaccination in the treatment of psoriasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237594 TI - [Lichen ruber planus treatment with Bucky's rays (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237595 TI - [Experience of psoriasis treatment with Goeckerman's method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237597 TI - [Fungal infections caused by "Opportunists" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237596 TI - [Trichomoniasis as a concomitant infection in female gonorrhoea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237598 TI - [Iontophoretic skin tests in atopic asthma at rest and after maximum work (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237599 TI - [Antioxidants BHT and BHA and their effect on B-16 murine melanoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237600 TI - [Scleredema Buschke (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237602 TI - [Further experience with the DIACA apparatus in the prevention of cancer of the uterine neck (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237601 TI - [Post-sclerotherapy relapses of varices (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237604 TI - [Physiologic proteinuria in labor]. PMID- 7237603 TI - [The non-stress test in risk pregnancy]. PMID- 7237605 TI - [Anxiety and fear as a cause of labor disorders in intrauterine fetal hypoxia]. PMID- 7237606 TI - [Hyperprolactinemia and the polycystic ovary syndrome]. PMID- 7237607 TI - [How to ensure the continuing growth of qualification in gynecology]. PMID- 7237608 TI - [Oxytocinase activity during delivery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237609 TI - [Imminent premature delivery and foetal development (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237610 TI - [Prenatal treatment of hypotrophic foetuses by long-term glucose infusion. III. The influence of long-term therapy upon metabolic parameters of the foetus and newborn (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237612 TI - [Participation of aldosterone in pathogenesis of primary glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237611 TI - [Cataract surgery in childhood]. PMID- 7237613 TI - [Congenital glaucoma in identical twins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237614 TI - [Ocular fundus findings in vascular diseases. Study of a population (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237615 TI - [Premedication and anethesia in ophthalmic surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237616 TI - [Saccadic eye movements and the cerebral hemisphere dominance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237617 TI - [Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237618 TI - [A case of bilateral ocular toxocariasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237620 TI - [Classical acupuncture in the treatment of rhinitis vasomotorica and rhinitis pollinosa]. PMID- 7237619 TI - [Surgery of pterygium. Indications and problem of recurrences (author's transl)]. PMID- 7237621 TI - [Endolaryngeal arytenoidectomy and lateral fixation in bilateral paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve]. PMID- 7237622 TI - [Contributions of a phoniatrist to voice changes in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome]. PMID- 7237623 TI - [Early stages of tracheopathia osteoplastica]. PMID- 7237624 TI - [Double-winged injector for paranasal sinus irrigation after simple trepanation of the frontal sinus]. PMID- 7237625 TI - [The effect of cold on the capillary epithelium of the rabbit trachea in organ cultures]. PMID- 7237626 TI - [Malignant melanoma in otolaryngology]. PMID- 7237627 TI - [Biochemical profile after tonsillectomy]. PMID- 7237628 TI - [Otolaryngologic symptoms of congenital cardiovascular anomalies]. PMID- 7237629 TI - [Transplantation of homologous tympanic membrane and the malleus in a single block]. PMID- 7237630 TI - [Otosclerosis and allergy]. PMID- 7237631 TI - [Photostimulation response in workers exposed to carbon disulphide]. PMID- 7237633 TI - [Comparison of angiographic and autopsy findings in patients with the clinical diagnosis of middle cerebral artery thrombosis]. PMID- 7237632 TI - [Incidence of cerebrovascular lesions in users of oral contraceptives]. PMID- 7237634 TI - [Relations between neurology and therapeutic rehabilitation]. PMID- 7237635 TI - [Study of adults with infantile cerebral palsy. I. Dynamics of movement difficulties in adults with infantile cerebral palsy]. PMID- 7237636 TI - [Rehabilitation of posttraumatic paraplegics: nursing care]. PMID- 7237637 TI - [Visualization of cervicothoracic and intracranial subarachnoid spaces using metrizamide]. PMID- 7237638 TI - [Lumbar peridurography in the diagnosis of intervertebral disk prolapse]. PMID- 7237639 TI - [Perimyelography at the thoracic level using metrizamide (Amipaque)]. PMID- 7237640 TI - [Activation of EEG tracings in graduated sleep deprivation in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7237641 TI - [The physical fitness of 18-year-old conscripts from the Presov District]. PMID- 7237642 TI - [Social problems of diabetes]. PMID- 7237643 TI - [The development of care for the aged in the USSR]. PMID- 7237644 TI - [Geriatric care from the viewpoint of the community physician]. PMID- 7237645 TI - [Physical conditioning and athletic physical conditioning in older persons]. PMID- 7237647 TI - [The clinical pharmacist and his training with regard to the need for effective pharmacotherapy]. PMID- 7237646 TI - [The effect of work on the health status of farmers and its manifestation in old age]. PMID- 7237648 TI - [Requirements for a general criterion of health]. PMID- 7237649 TI - [Methods of the general pediatrician in the community health service]. PMID- 7237650 TI - [Development of the labor force in the health care system in East Germany]. PMID- 7237651 TI - [The effect of the status and changes in the social environment on the hospitalized patient]. PMID- 7237652 TI - [Health education in the prevention of cardiovascular disease]. PMID- 7237653 TI - GM1-ganglioside-Triton X-100 mixed micelles: changes of micellar properties studied by laser-light scattering and enzymatic methods. AB - The micellar properties of mixtures of GM1 ganglioside and the non-ionic amphiphile Triton X-100 in 25 MM Na phosphate-5 mM di Na EDTA buffer (pH = 7.0) were investigated by quasielastic light scattering in a wide range of Triton/GM1 molar ratios and in the temperature range 15-37 degrees C. These measurements: (a) provided evidence for the formation of mixed micelles; (b) allowed the determination of such parameters as the molecular weight and the hydrodynamic radius of the mixed micelles; (c) showed the occurrence of statistical aggregates of micelles with increasing temperature and micelle concentration. Galactose oxidase was chosen for studying the relation between enzyme activity and micellar properties. The action of the enzyme on GM1 was found to be strongly dependent on the micellar structure. In particular: (a) galactose oxidase acted very poorly on homogeneous GM1 micelles, while affecting mixed GM1/Triton X-100 micelles; (b) at fixed GM1 concentration the oxidation rate increased by enhancing Triton X-100 concentration and followed a biphasic kinetics with a break at a certain Triton X 100 concentration; (c) the formation of statistical micelle aggregates was followed by inhibition of the enzyme activity. PMID- 7237654 TI - [Manometric study of the upper esophageal sphincter in normal subjects and in patients with achalasia of the cardia]. AB - The authors explored the motor behavior of the upper esophageal sphincter in normal subjects and in patients with achalasia of the cardia, in a manometric investigation involving the measurement of intraluminal pressure both with axial and with radial catheters. The former were used to assess motor coordination between the various segments of the esophagus; the latter for recording basal pressure along various diameters. The data concerning pressure at rest, relaxation time, and motor coordination relative to adjacent segments, were then compared with the corresponding data obtained in a group of patients treated surgically by Heller cardiomyotomy and Dor, antireflux esophagoplasty, and then with those obtained in a group of normal subjects. Statistical processing of data by the T test of STUDENT failed to reveal any significant differences between the three groups being compared. This is taken to mean complete motor independence of the upper esophageal sphincter in achalasia in relation to the remaining segments of the esophagus, whereas these segments are themselves subject to considerable variations of pressure and motility. PMID- 7237655 TI - [Corticoid therapy of caustic esophagitis]. PMID- 7237656 TI - [Pulmonary carcinosarcoma. Considerations on a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 7237657 TI - [A case of gastric pseudolymphoma]. PMID- 7237658 TI - [Colonic mucins in idiopathic proctocolitis and Crohn's disease]. AB - The AA. examine 75 cases of Crohn disease for studying the secretion of mucina in the different stages of disease. The result is that the acute stage is marked by a strong depletion of mucina; the interesting part of this work is that the study of sulpherized acid mucinae is an excellent standard of diagnosis in regard to the benign evolution of this disease. PMID- 7237659 TI - [Review of 121 cases of surgically treated synovial cyst]. PMID- 7237660 TI - [Anesthesiological problems in corrective surgery of cranio-facial dysostosis]. PMID- 7237661 TI - [Congenital high patella]. PMID- 7237662 TI - [Fractures of the proximal end of the femur: clinico-statistical data on 246 cases treated in the period 1972-1978]. AB - During the past seven years an increasing number of hip fractures were treated in the new orthopaedic division of the Treviglio-Caravaggio Hospital. A survey was made of 246 cases treated in the 1972-1978 period. The mean age of the patients was found to be 69,9 years, and 64,6 % of them were women. Lateral fractures accounted for 66,6% of the cases and the mean age of these patients was 78 years. The average hospitalization time of the operated patients was 21,6 days and the mortality after 3 months was 16%. The Authors emphasize that the extensive adoption of surgical treatment in these fractures has improved the survival rate and shortened the hospitalization time. PMID- 7237663 TI - [Effect of chorionic gonadotropin on the rat prostate I]. AB - In this experimental work are reported some histological features, after administration of chorionic gonadotropin, on the ventral prostate of castrated rats previously treated or not with testosterone. Chorionic gonadotropin is scarcely able to prevent the hypotrophy after castration, if it is given singly, but given with testosterone it seems to stimulate the prostate. PMID- 7237664 TI - [Action of pituitary gonadotropin on the rat prostate. II]. AB - The author completes a preceding work on the effects of chorionic gonadotropin on the ventral prostate of castrated rats treated with testosterone, comparing with the histological features obtained in similar experimental conditions, but using pituitary gonadotropin. The results indicate that the pituitary gonadotropin can stimulate the prostate more than chorionic gonadotropin. PMID- 7237665 TI - [Humerus varus (author's transl)]. AB - Humerus varus is a rare disease and has led to many controversies concerning its classification, its physiopathology, its treatment and even the measurement of the varus angle of the humeral head. This study is based on four personal cases and a review of the literature since 1900 about fifty cases. The relation between humerus varus, congenital aplasia of the glenoidal articular surface of the scapula, and congenital dislocation of the shoulder, sometimes referred as shoulder dysplasia, is discussed. Two entities must be distinguished: The "true" humerus varus where the epiphyseal plate is in a varus position with a shortened arm. The deformities of the humeral head in varus without main alteration of the epiphyseal plate orientation. When there is a restricted function, especially in abduction, a valgization osteotomy of the proximal part of the humerus can be proposed (one case). The authors have no experience in lengthening of the humerus. PMID- 7237666 TI - [Pyloric duplication with pancreatic heterotopia (author's transl)]. AB - This is a case report concerning an 11 month old young boy with a pyloric duplication resulting in an acute gastric outlet obstruction. Pyloric duplications are rare anomalies of the gastro intestinal tract, usually cystic and few have been reported with pancreatic heterotopia and cytosteatonecrosis. Pathogenesis is quite uncertain. Most of them are discovered in the first year of life, mimicking an hypertrophic pyloric stenosis or resulting in an emergency like our case. The treatment is surgical and must choose between radical excision with sometimes partial gastrectomy or antro-pylorectomy, and incomplete resection because of its benign condition. PMID- 7237667 TI - [Kidney malformations in Turner's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - In 23 cases of Turner's syndrome, a systematic urography revealed 14 cases or urinary tract abnormalities. There were 3 cases of major abnormality as horseshoe kidney, unilateral pelvic kidney and minor abnormalities as 8 cases of renal malrotation and 3 cases of ureteral duplication. Because of the increased incidence of renal abnormalities in patients with Turner's syndrome it is imperative that a complete uro-radiologic investigation be done in all patients with this condition. PMID- 7237668 TI - The pathogenesis of left-side varicocele in children. AB - Phlebographic and manometric tests were performed in a group of 144 boys, aged 10 15 years having a left-side varicocele. From the measurements of relative blood flow which were made between the left renal vein and the vena cava, the left external iliac vein and the vena cava, the left renal vein and the left external iliac vein, it is evident that the varicocele is only the result of the application of Bernouille's Law to the particular characteristics of the ilio cava and renal venous circulation. PMID- 7237669 TI - [Internal male pseudo-hermaphrodism (male with a uterus). Apropos of 6 cases]. AB - Internal male pseudo-hermaphrosdism (man with a uterus) constitutes an uncommon range of sexual ambiguity. Regard to 6 personal case histories covering 3 families of 2 brothers, and gazing on the different cases picking out the literature, some problems are looking on successively: concerning the etiopathogenesis, the genetical transferring way, the aspect of the mullerian duct structures and of the male internal genital canals, the prognosis and the chirurgical therapy of this disease which is founded by chance, most of the times during the chirurgical therapy of a cryptorchidy or during a laparotomy. PMID- 7237670 TI - [Essential deformans osteolysis. Report of a case with progressive and generalized evolution (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a clinical and radiographic course of a 16 years old caucasian girl with a progressive deformation of her skeleton. The primary lesions occur in knees and wrists. This disease was at first considered as a rheumatoid arthritis, then as a dysplasia epiphysialis multiplex, and now as essential deformans osteolysis (with carpal lysis, shortening of the forearm bones, dislocation of the elbows, disparition of the humeral and femoral heads, contracture of hips and knees, posterior tarsal lysis, and kypho-scoliosis). The clinical (particularly ophtalmologic), biological (including inflammatory, phospho-calcic and nephrologic evaluation with mucopolysaccharidosis urinary excretion) and histological (skin, muscle and bone) check-up were normal. They review the different classification established on lesion topography, on association or not with a nephropathy, finally on an dominant or recessive autosomal inheritance. Then the authors think that their case is similar to the ones of Winchester and Hollister. They discuss the etiopathogenic factors, and do not consider their case as a new mucopolysaccharidosis, but rather as a generalized disease of the collagen of bones. PMID- 7237671 TI - [Surgical treatment of congenital ring constriction: standard Z-plasty flaps versus microsurgical excision (author's transl)]. AB - The author discusses the advantages and drawbacks of two procedures for surgical treatment of congenital ring constriction: the standard Z-plasty flaps and microsurgical excision. In the general opinion merely excising the tissues of the annular groove and suturing the skin borders together fails because the circular scar contracts, reproducing the constriction. In 6 infants, microsurgical excision of the annular groove, using a Zeiss operating microscope OPMI 7 and microsurgical instruments, with suturing of the skin borders proved to be a reliable technique giving excellent cosmetic results. Provided that all fibrous tissue is excised there is no risk of secondary contraction. PMID- 7237672 TI - [Sternal cleft. Correction by silastic prosthesis (author's transl)]. AB - After observing a sternal failure of closure, the authors indicate how rare this anastomic defect is, and explain its embryo-genic formation. Besides the use of early postnatal operations they emphasize the benefit of a delayed operation and the use of a silactic plate. This method is easy, its functional and anesthetic results are stressed. PMID- 7237673 TI - [Hypospadias with chordee one-stage operation. An original procedure (author's transl)]. AB - The common management of hypospadias involves the chordee correction before reconstructing the urethra; then staging of operative cure is so often necessary. This inconvenience is avoided by neglecting some moderate chordees as it was recorded by the authors in their own retrospective series. For the last two years they are performing a one stage procedure with simultaneous correction of chordee and urethroplasty; they briefly review main other one-stage procedures before describing their own using a tubulated and inverted flap. Twenty cases were managed with this procedure and the results were found satisfactory as well as functionally and aesthetically in spite of three transient fistulas and two meatal stenosis. However, definitive conclusion cannot be drawn because of a too short follow-up. PMID- 7237674 TI - [Deformities of the lumbosacral spine and their visceral complications (myelomeningoceles excepted). Symposium of the French Society for Pediatric Surgery, 21-22 May 1981]. PMID- 7237675 TI - Determination of resistance settings for anaerobic power testing. AB - This study was designed to investigated resistance (force) settings for 30s tests of maximal anaerobic power output on a modified Monark bicycle ergometer. Twelve active to highly trained adult males had multitrial determinations at various resistance settings to obtain the true force to elicit maximal power output in 30s (FMPO). True maximal power output (MPO30s), mean = 661.6W was reliable on a test-retest basis (r = 0.96), and significantly (p less than .05) exceeded the power output obtained with the weight-relative Wingate protocol, mean = 588.4W. An optimal combination of resistance setting and pedalling speed seems necessary to elicit true maximal power output for an individual in a 30s ergometer test. Regression equations were developed from (a) anthropometric measures, weight and leg volume, and (b) from a pretest power output at 5.0 Kp, both to predict FMPO and obviate multitrial tests: (a) FMPO, Kp = -0.4914 - 0.2151 (WT, Kg) + 2.1124 (LEGV, L) with standard error of estimate of 0.83 Kp and multiple R = 0.87, (b) FMPO, Kp = -9.0166 + 0.0291 (PO5Kp, W) with standard error of estimate of 1.02 Kp and R = 0.77. PMID- 7237676 TI - [Intercorrelations and variabilities of heart rate at the rest and during exercise in the evaluation of physical fitness]. AB - It appears that heart rate measured at rest may significantly affect the values obtained during a sub-maximal effort: isometric as well as isotonic. For this study, 24 male subjects were tested, on a 15 and 30 days interval in a laboratory during an isometric effort. The task was to lift and hold with the arms bent, at a standardized angle of 45 degrees, a 12 kg load during a three minute period. The influence of the resting pulse on the isotonic submaximal values were studied on one subject during a period of 30 days. The authors thus suggest that the battery of tests which determine physical aptitude based on the sole criterion of heart rate as measured during a sub-maximal effort (Astrand's PWC-170, Step test, etc.) take into account the variability of the resting values of this parameter. PMID- 7237677 TI - [Steady state ergometry: fact or fiction]. AB - The steady state is a physiological condition whereby the metabolic requirements are met and the criteria parameters are stable. Four groups of male subjects were evaluated on their VO2 for a one hour duration ergocycle effort at 75%, 50%, 25% and 10% of their maximum individual VO2. Three cardio-respiratory parameters (heart frequency, oxygen consumption, pulmonary ventilation) and one biochemical parameter (lactic acid) were measured The evolution of the control parameters during the task were completed according to the requirements of the literature. For the long-duration efforts (one hour) we notice the absence of a steady-state for the cardio-respiratory parameter. We cannot however rule-out the existence of a steady state for the biochemical parameter for the lighter efforts of 10% and 25% of the VO2 maximum. PMID- 7237678 TI - Iliotibial tract friction syndrome in athletes. AB - Over a two year period, 52 cases of iliotibial tract friction syndrome (ITFS) in runners were studied (34 males, mean age 30 years; 18 females, mean age 23 years). This represents 5.0% of the total overuse running injuries studied during this period. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical symptoms, etiological factors and appropriate treatment plans. Examination reveals pain on all flexion-extension movements of the knee, focal tenderness directly over the lateral femoral epicondyle and often slight crepitus and/or sharp pain radiating along the tract during a varus stress provocation test with simultaneous fast extension of the knee from a flexion of 45 degrees. The etiology in many cases was multifactorial and included training errors (22 cases), poor footwear and surfaces (4 cases), functional overpronation (47 of 48 cases with abnormal alignment). The treatment protocol consisted of ice massage, local physiotherapy, modified rest and anti-inflammatory medication for initial control of inflammation. Flexibility programmes were initiated as the pain resolved, and, were appropriate, orthotics (42 cases) were used. Evaluation of 48 patients on follow-up showed this treatment protocol to have a 94% success rate. This study illustrates the important role of proper training methods and orthotic foot control in the prevention and care of ITFS. PMID- 7237679 TI - A factor analytic study of effectiveness criteria in intercollegiate athletics. AB - The study was concerned with developing a set of effectiveness criteria for intercollegiate athletics and assessing the importance of these criteria as viewed by a sample of students in a Canadian University. The responses to 46 items selected from a larger pool of items were factor analyzed. An 11-factor solution was accepted as the most meaningful. Further analysis showed that the students were generally homogeneous in rating Satisfaction of Athletes, Spectator Appeal, Student Recruitment, and Sharing of Costs as the four most important criteria that should be used in evaluating the effectiveness of athletic teams. There were, however, differences among the sexes and among the physical education and general students. Since different criteria will be used by different decision makers reflecting the various objectives they hold for the program, it was stressed that further study be conducted with different sets of decision makers. PMID- 7237680 TI - Free fatty acid kinetics after burn shock in guinea pigs. AB - Extensive full-skin-thickness burn results in a change in the flux and utilization of the major metabolic fuels. Considerable work has been done on glucose metabolism after severe burn, but much less is known about free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism. Therefore, we studied the rate of appearance (Ra), the rate of disappearance (Rd), the metabolic clearance rate (MCR), and the plasma FFA concentration 0--6 hours after a 50% body surface area full-skin-thickness burn using a constant infusion of 14C-palmitate. We found that the plasma FFA concentration decreased from a control value of 0.60 +/- 0.05 microns/ml to 0.26 +/- 0.04 microns/ml of plasma at 2 hours postburn (P less than 0.05). This change appears to be due to a greater decrease in Ra than Rd. The MCR was unchanged during this period (26.7 ml/kg . min). In a second series of experiments, the plasma FFA concentration, Ra and Rd at 5.5--6 hours postburn did not differ from the preburn values. The rapid decline of plasma FFA 0--30 minutes postburn may relate to decreased blood flow to adipose tissue, which in the same guinea pig model had decreased about 80% at 15 minutes postburn, or to a shift toward esterification in the fat depots, decreasing FFA mobilization. PMID- 7237681 TI - Aggregate anaphylaxis in the monkey: attenuation of the pulmonary response by pretreatment with indomethacin. AB - Aggregate anaphylaxis (anaphylaxis mediated by circulating antibodies) in Macaca irus monkeys causes aggregation of platelets in the lungs, a marked increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, and a decrease in cardiac output. In the present study, the effect of pretreatment with indomethacin (10 mg/kg, n = 5) was studied in this type of anaphylaxis. Compared with untreated animals, the pulmonary vascular and airway reaction was considerably attenuated after pretreatment with indomethacin. Pulmonary vascular resistance increased twofold as against tenfold in untreated animals, and no increase in pulmonary resistance to gas flow was observed as against a twofold increase in the untreated group. In the indomethacin group, cardiac output decreased by a mean of 36% as against 75% in the untreated group. Both right and left atrial pressures decreased and the hemodynamic pattern is compatible with relative hypovolemia. These results suggest that prostaglandin-like substances play an important part in the initial phase of aggregate anaphylaxis in the monkey. PMID- 7237682 TI - Local effect of thermal injury on skeletal muscle blood flow and nucleotide levels. AB - We have previously shown that 3 days following a 3-sec scald of one hind limb, in vitro glucose utilization was markedly increased in soleus muscle from the burned limb but not in soleus from the contralateral unburned limb. The aim of the present study was to evaluate factors that might contribute to this local metabolic alteration. Three days following a 3-sec scald of one hind limb of the rat, blood flow through soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of the burned limb as measured with labeled microspheres was increased 167% (P less than 0.01) and 58% (P less than 0.04), respectively. Calf muscles of the burned limb, frozen in situ, showed a 48% decrease in ATP (P less than 0.001), 37% decrease in ADP (P less than 0.001), 192% increase in AMP (P less than 0.01), 45% decrease in total adenine nucleotides (P less than 0.001), 132% increase in pyruvate (P less than 0.001), and 377% increase in lactate (P less than 0.001). Blood flow and ATP, ADP, total nucleotides, and pyruvate levels of calf muscles of unburned limb of burned rats did not differ from controls, but AMP and lactate were increased 115% (P less than 0.05) and 144% (P less than 0.001), respectively. The decrease in ATP and increase in AMP and lactate in muscles of the burned limb suggest an increased rate of glycolysis in vivo which may be due, in part, to the stimulation of phosphofructokinase. Furthermore, the increased AMP and lactate may contribute to the increase in blood flow in muscles of the burned limb. It is proposed that thermal injury alters local adenine nucleotide levels, which results in elevated glucose utilization and blood flow in muscles of the burned region. PMID- 7237683 TI - Graded intestinal vascular obstruction. II. Effects of antibiotic pretreatment in the rat. AB - This study was performed to elucidate whether bacteria, or products of bacterial origin, could account for the circulatory collapse following a 1-hour intestinal vascular obstruction in the rat. Animals pretreated with clindamycin, in a way previously shown to induce characteristics otherwise found only in germ-free rats, were compared to controls pretreated with saline. Graded intestinal vascular obstruction was applied and four different pressure levels were used. Mortality increased with the applied pressure but there was no difference between the clindamycin-pretreated rats and controls. Hematocrit increased equally in all pressure levels and was not influenced by pretreatment. The amount of fluid lost from the serosal surface of the intestines was not correlated to the pretreatment used, the increase in hematocrit, or mortality. In the higher pressure levels, characteristic microscopic intestinal mucosal lesions were found in both series and the degree of mucosal damage correlated with increase mortality. PMID- 7237684 TI - Roles of high blood glucose concentration during hemorrhagic shock in alloxan diabetic rats. AB - Severe alloxan diabetic rats (blood glucose levels, n = 6, 624 +/- 29 mg/dl; peripheral immunoreactive insulin levels (IRI), n = 6, 5.4 +/- 0.9 microU/ml) which had shown impaired mitochondrial phosphorylative activities and low mitochondrial oxidation-reduction states were bled to a mean blood pressure of 40 mm Hg and maintained for 2 hours according to a modified Wiggers' method. Within 2 hours after the induction of shock blood glucose levels rose to still higher levels but no animals died. Roles of hyperglycemia and gluconeogenesis in hemorrhagic shock were discussed, comparing with earlier irreversible results in jaundiced rats that had shown rapid decreases in blood glucose levels and mitochondrial phosphorylative activities in a previous study with rats in hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 7237685 TI - Sensitization of essential fatty acid-deficient rats to endotoxin by arachidonate pretreatment: role of thromboxane A2. PMID- 7237687 TI - The effects of cortisone therapy on lung macrophage host defense function and glucose metabolism. AB - The administration of high-dose glucocorticoid therapy in the treatment of lung inflammatory and immune diseases often results in an increased susceptibility to pulmonary infections. The effects of cortisone therapy on the phagocytic function and glucose metabolism of alveolar macrophages (AM) were evaluated in guinea pigs treated for 7 days with 100 mg/kg of cortisone acetate. AM were harvested 24 hours following the final daily drug treatment by lung lavage techniques. Cortisone treatment produced a profound leukocytosis, lymphocytopenia, and monocytopenia in the peripheral blood while decreasing by greater than 40% the number of AM obtainable by lung washings. Macrophage phagocytosis, as assessed by the in vitro uptake of radiolabeled heat-killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa by monolayers of lung macrophages, was depressed in AM harvested from cortisone treated animals. In addition, cortisone therapy also inhibited the stimulation in glucose oxidation normally associated with macrophage phagocytosis as well as depressing the membrane transport of 2-deoxyglucose. These results demonstrate that high-dose cortisone therapy can impair both functional and metabolic activities of the phagocytic defense mechanism of the lower respiratory tract. PMID- 7237686 TI - Irreversible hemorrhagic shock: treatment and cardiac pathophysiology. AB - Anesthetized dogs were subjected to hypotension at 35 mm Hg mean arterial pressure for 3 hours according to Wiggers' modified technique. One group of dogs received IV fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) while the other group received equimolar glucose throughout the oligemic period. At 3 hours of hypotension, five glucose-treated and six dogs that received FDP were sacrificed for determination of myocardial ATP, creatine phosphate, and lactic acid tissue content. The remaining 14 dogs (six glucose-treated and eight FDP-treated) were retransfused with the shed blood and allowed to recover. The mean arterial pressure measured at 1 1/2 hours posttransfusion in the FDP-treated group returned to control values while the glucose controls remained 34 mm Hg below control. All controls had EKG ischemic changes, whereas no such changes were observed in the FDP treated group. Endocardial ATP and creatine phosphate content in the controls were depleted to the same degree as found in acute myocardial ischemia, whereas in the FDP-treated dogs they were nearly normal range. All six retransfused dogs treated with glucose died, whereas all eight dogs that received FDP survived and had normal bowel and renal function and no apparent neurological deficit. These data indicate that FDP appears to be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of irreversible hemorrhagic shock by intervening in the Embden-Meyerhof pathway both as a metabolic regulator and high energy substrate. PMID- 7237688 TI - Negative diastolic pressure in the intact canine right ventricle. Evidence of diastolic suction. AB - To determine whether the canine right ventricle (RV) can develop a negative diastolic pressure indicative of suction, RV pressure was measured in 15 dogs, with catheter-tip micromanometers. Six dogs were studied only with the chest closed. In these dogs, intrapleural pressure was measured medially (near the heart) in four and laterally in two. In nine dogs, RV pressure was evaluated with the chest closed and after the chest had been opened. In all dogs, with the chest closed, minimal RV diastolic pressure during expiration was negative, -4.8 +/- 0.3 mm Hg. The lowest diastolic pressures occurred during early diastole. Intrapleural pressure during expiration was never this low. Intrapleural pressure measured medially in four dogs was positive during expiration (1.0 +/- 0.6 mm Hg). In the two dogs which it was measured in the lateral pleural space, it was somewhat negative during expiration (-2.5 and -1.3 mm Hg, respectively). After the chest had been opened (nine dogs) minimal RV pressure during early diastole was negative in six dogs and positive in three (range: -1.8 to 0.8 mm Hg). These results indicate that the negative RV diastolic pressure during expiration did not result from a negative intrathoracic pressure. It appears that the RV during early diastole can create a sucking effect which may contribute to the filling process. PMID- 7237689 TI - Muscle extract infusion in rabbits. A new experimental model of the crush syndrome. AB - Previous studies provide inconclusive data concerning the nephrotoxicity of myoglobin following muscle injury. We investigated the possibility that released muscle constituents other than myoglobin may be associated with renal damage, and studied accompanying hematological and coagulation changes. An extract of homologous or autologous muscle was infused intravenously in rabbits in a dose of 100 mg of muscle extract protein/kg; equine myoglobin was given to control animals. Experimental animals developed proteinuria, cylindruria, and a 50% reduction in glomerular filtration rate. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and evidence of intravascular coagulation also were seen. The muscle extract was shown to have thromboplastic activity; however inhibition of this by phospholipase C did not prevent the changes induced by muscle extract infusion possibly because the intrinsic changes coagulation pathway still was activated. Although moderate hypotension and ECG changes developed in some rabbits, these were not consistent and the renal functional changes appeared to be independent of these factors. Pulmonary and glomerular microthrombi were seen in experimental animals and there was vacuolation of the renal proximal tubular cells. The studies indicate that a number of biological systems are activated following muscle extract infusion and that these may be more important than the nephrotoxicity of myoglobin in the pathogenesis of the renal injury. PMID- 7237690 TI - Changes in cellular Na+, K+, and Ca2+ contents, monovalent cation transport rate, and contractile state during washout of cardiac glycosides from cultured chick heart cells. AB - To delineate more clearly the importance of altered monovalent cation transport rate in the mediation of the positive inotropic effects of cardiac glycosides, we studied changes in the contractile state and rate of uptake of K+ and Rb+ by monolayer cultures of chick embryo ventricular cells during exposure to and washout of ouabain and dihydro-ouabain. These cardiac glycosides produced a positive inotropic effect in this system, accompanied by a significant reduction in monovalent cation transport rate, by increases in cellular contents of Na+ and Ca2+, and by a decrease in cellular content of K+ as judged by radioisotopic tracer studies. Following removal of glycosides from media bathing the cultures, monovalent cation transport rate returned to normal within 1 minute, followed by a loss of inotropy which was complete by 7 minutes, a time at which cellular [Ca2+] had returned to normal. The bulk cellular concentration of Na+ remained increased, however, and that of K+ depressed for longer periods. Veratrine (1 microgram/ml) induced a positive inotropic effect, but caused a less marked increase in cellular [Na+] than did equipotent concentrations of ouabain and dihydroouabain. These results indicate that there is not a simple relationship between bulk cellular [Na+] and magnitude of inotropic effect in these cells, and are consistent with the proposal that there is a subsarcolemmal space in which [Na+] regulates Ca2+ fluxes and contractility, and in which [Na+] is regulated primarily by the balance between transsarcolemmal influx and Na+ pump rate and, to a lesser degree, by bulk [Na+]. PMID- 7237691 TI - The effects of lysophosphatidylcholine, a toxic metabolite of ischemia, on the components of cardiac excitability in sheep Purkinje fibers. PMID- 7237692 TI - Dobutamine infusion in conscious dogs with and without acute myocardial infarction. Effects on systemic hemodynamics, myocardial blood flow, and infarct size. AB - We infused dobutamine (20 microgram/kg per min) intravenously, once before and once after coronary artery occlusion, in 10 chronically instrumented dogs. Both infusions increased cardiac output and left ventricular dP/dt and dP/dt/P, but divergent effects on heart rate and aortic blood pressure were observed. Dobutamine decreased heart rate and increased mean aortic blood pressure before coronary artery occlusion, whereas after occlusion it increased heart rate while mean aortic blood pressure remained unchanged. A greater decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance occurred during dobutamine infusion after coronary artery occlusion than before. These differences may relate to withdrawal of enhanced sympathetic tone after coronary occlusion. Similar infusions of normal saline (n = 9) produced no systemic hemodynamic changes either before or after coronary artery occlusion. Myocardial blood flow increased to both non-ischemic and ischemic regions of the heart during dobutamine infusion, but the endocardial:epicardial blood flow ratio did not change significantly. In addition, infarct size, measured by nitroblue tetrazolium stain, was smaller in the dobutamine group (10 +/- 1 g) than in the normal saline group (15 +/- 2 g). Neither left ventricular weight nor risk zone differed between the two groups. These results indicate that dobutamine may be a useful inotropic agent during acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7237693 TI - Redistribution of canine left ventricular myocardial blood flow in unloaded systole. AB - The left coronary arteries of dogs were cannulated and perfused with blood from support dogs. The experimental hearts were unloaded by severing the aortas to maximize strains and minimize fiber stress. In each heart we compared the transmural distribution of blood flow in two states: (1) provision of perfusion pressure (40 mm Hg) only during systole and then (2) provision of perfusion pressure throughout the cardiac cycle. The distribution of flow in each of these perfusion states was labeled with a diffusible radioisotope (42K or 86Rb, one labeling the first state; the other labeling the second). Quantitative, paired autoradiography was used to visualize the two flow distributions. The differences between the two distributions after standardization was plotted as differences between activity vs. depth in the myocardium (r = 0.91). This was fitted with a line by least squares, the slope of which was significantly different from zero at the 0.005 level. The magnitude of the gradient of the systolic flow was represented by the ratio of deep to shallow flow. The mean of these ratios was 0.54 +/- 0.12 (95% confidence interval). A graphical analysis shows that the data are consistent with a gradient of extravascular compression across the left ventricular wall. PMID- 7237694 TI - Excitation, conduction, and reflection of impulses in isolated bovine and serum cardiac purkinje fibers. AB - When an impulse arrives at an area of impaired conductivity, a slowly rising electrotonic potential may bring the distal tissue to threshold after a delay imposed by the passive electrical properties of the system and by the time dependent changes of these properties during diastole. This phenomenon can be demonstrated in Purkinje strands in which an area of depressed conductivity has been induced by the impedance of a sucrose gap and can be mimicked by the application of relatively long current pulses of low amplitude. The functional refractory period, defined as the shortest interval between two distal responses both propagated across the gap, was determined by the application of premature stimuli at progressively earlier intervals. The time course of the recovery of excitability as well as the conduction intervals could be varied almost at will by manipulating the electric impedance between proximal and distal ends of the fiber. When the time of activation of the distal end across the gap exceeded the absolute refractory period of the proximal segment, the impulse reflected back as a closely coupled premature beat. Time-dependent changes in the passive electrical properties of the depressed segment may set the conditions for reflection. The results suggest the possibility of reflection as a mechanism for premature beats and demonstrate obligatory shifts in the patterns of premature reentrant activity accompanying changes in basic cycle length. These experiments provide important clues for the distinction between reentrant and parasystolic mechanisms. PMID- 7237695 TI - Lipoprotein composition and transport in the pig and dog cardiac lymphatic system. PMID- 7237696 TI - Canine ventricular arrhythmias in the late myocardial infarction period. 8. Epicardial mapping of reentrant circuits. AB - We made simultaneous recordings from 48 bipolar electrodes to obtain epicardial isochronal maps during induced ventricular arrhythmias in dogs 3-5 days after ligation of the left anterior descending artery. There was strong evidence of a reentrant circuit (RC) that was discernible largely on the epicardial surface in 21% of ectopic beats that were analyzed. Epicardial recordings were of limited value in analyzing the arrhythmia in other beats. The reentrant circuit consisted of an arc of conduction block around which the activation front advanced in a circular fashion at slow but uneven speeds while the rest of the ventricle was activated by radial spread. The arc of conduction block around which the RC was formed was usually functional in nature, since the same area of myocardium was excitable at relatively long cardiac cycle lengths. Both the length of the arc of conduction block which defines the length of the reentrant circuit and the degree of conduction delay were crucial factors for the occurrence of reentry. A premature beat that initiated reentry resulted in a longer arc of conduction block and slower conduction compared to one that failed to induce reentry. PMID- 7237697 TI - Modulation of atrioventricular conduction by isometric exercise in human subjects. PMID- 7237699 TI - Stochastic and exponential analysis of precordial washout curves for myocardial blood flow measurement. Experimental evaluation. PMID- 7237698 TI - Interrelationships between regional left ventricular function, coronary blood flow, and myocellular necrosis during the initial 24 hours and 1 week after experimental coronary occlusion in awake, unsedated dogs. AB - This study examined the relationships between the left ventricular (LV) regional function, regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF), and myocellular necrosis after sudden proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in 36 awake, unsedated dogs. Net wall thickening during systole (NET) was used to assess regional LV function, was expressed as percent control, and was measured with chronically implanted ultrasonic crystals. RMBF was measured with 8- to 10 micrometer radioactive microspheres. In regions with a moderate degree of functional loss, NET fell to 35.3 +/- 2.2% of control at 5 minutes when RMBF fell from 1.9 +/- 0.08 to .086 +/- 0.09 ml/g per min (P less than 0.05). No significant change occurred in midwall or epicardial RMBF. The relationship between endocardial flow and NET was non-linear (r = 0.69, P less than 0.0001). In these segments, subsequent changes in RMBF were unrelated to corresponding functional alterations through 24 hours. In segments with paradoxic systolic wall thinning RMBF fell in endocardial, midwall, and epicardial layers; endocardial ischemia was most severe (0.30 +/- 0.05 ml/g per min). Segmental myocellular necrosis was most severe in the endocardial layer and correlated significantly with both RMBF and segmental function. Myocellular necrosis increased in severity as flow was reduced below 70-75% of normal. Thus, in this model of LV ischemia, (1) regional LV functional loss is most sensitive to reductions in endocardial RMBF; (2) subsequent increases in RMBF are largely unassociated with functional recovery; (3) transmural ischemia results in paradoxical systolic wall thinning. PMID- 7237700 TI - Myocardial function of the interventricular septum. Effects of right and left ventricular pressure loading before and after pericardiotomy in dogs. AB - We examined the function of the interventricular septum in six open-chest dogs by inserting piezoelectric crystals into the interventricular septum. Continuous ultrasonic recordings showed that the changes in myocardial chord length (MCL) in the septum and free walls of the right and left ventricle were similar during saline infusion and during pericardiotomy. End-diastolic MCL and myocardial shortening during ejection (MS) rose in the septum and free walls of both ventricles during saline infusion as end-diastolic MCL and MS in the septum and free walls of the ventricles, and reduced end-diastolic pressures by 1-2 mm Hg. The responses to aortic and pulmonary artery constrictions were similar before and after pericardiotomy. When aortic constriction had raised free left ventricular systolic pressure by about 60 mm Hg, end-diastolic MCL increased in the septum and free left ventricular wall, whereas end-diastolic MCL and MS of the free right ventricular wall fell. Pulmonary artery constriction increased end diastolic MCL in the free right ventricular wall and reduced end-diastolic MCL and MS in the septum and free left ventricular wall. Thus, the myocardium, including the interventricular septum, is uniformly expanded during saline infusion and pericardiotomy. The interventricular septum behaves as part of the left ventricle during aortic and pulmonary artery constriction. The pericardium imposes a restraint on the interventricular septum and free walls of the ventricles during volume loading, but not during pressure loadings, because dilation of one ventricle is associated with shrinkage of the other. PMID- 7237701 TI - Effect of mechanical work load on the transmural distribution of glucose uptake in the isolated perfused rat heart, studied by regional deoxyglucose trapping. AB - The applicability of the 2-deoxyglucose tracer method to the study of the transmural distribution of glucose uptake in the left ventricle of the isolated, Langendorff-perfused rat heart was validated for the myocardium. The total 2 deoxy[3H]glucose trapped in the myocardium was proportional to the glucose uptake which was varied by the mechanical work load and availability of other oxidizable substrates. When the mechanical work of the heart was eliminated by K+-induced arrest, the glucose uptake of 2.0 mumol/min per g protein was evenly distributed across the left ventricular wall. In the beating heart, glucose uptake averaged 4.7 mol/min per g protein, and was about 40% higher in the subendocardial layer than in the subepicardium (P less than 0.001). Measurement of the transmural distribution of coronary flow by the microsphere method indicated that there were no areas of underperfusion in the left ventricle. The transmural gradient in glucose uptake probably is caused by uneven distribution of the mechanical work load. PMID- 7237702 TI - A force-length-time relationship describes the mechanics of canine left ventricular wall segments during auxotonic contractions. AB - We examined regional mechanics of the left ventricular free wall in naturally pumping dog hearts during beta-blockade. Local systolic wall force (F) and segment length (L) were obtained with an auxotonic force gauge and an ultrasonic dimension gauge, both inserted at the equatorial level of the wall to measure F and L in the circumferential direction. Shortening velocity (-dL/dt) was obtained by differentiation of L. Preload and afterload were changed by acute caval and/or aortic occlusion so that a wide variation in F, L, -dL/dt, and dF/dt during shortening was obtained. In all experiments, F vs. L at identical time (t) after end-diastole (ED) fell on well-defined lines, irrespective of the -dL/dt line (t = 200 msec) was equivalent to a drop of approximately 50% in F at 10% reduction in L. No defined relationship was observed between F, L, and -dL/dt. However, by superimposing F, L, and -dL/dt curves from contractions of high EDL and high dL/dt on those from contractions of low EDL and low -dL/dt, and comparing F and dL/dt at identical L and t, a slightly lower F (difference 2.23 +/- 1.09 g, P approximately 0.05) could be associated with the higher -dL/dt (difference 0.6 +/ 0.1 muscle length/sec, P less than 0.001). These data suggest that the F-L-t relationship is a valid descriptor of auxotonic contractions in the ventricular wall, and that the direct effect of shortening velocity on the wall force is modest. PMID- 7237703 TI - Expansion of acute myocardial infarction: its relationship to infarct morphology in a canine model. PMID- 7237704 TI - Effects of myocardial ischemia on quantitative ultrasonic backscatter and identification of responsible determinants. AB - Quantitative characterization of myocardial properties represent a rapidly emerging area of echocardiographic investigation. Because measurement of the ultrasonic integrated backscatter is theoretically applicable to analysis in vivo with reflected ultrasound, this study was performed to develop and evaluate a suitable method for measurement of quantitative backscatter in vivo. In view of the desirability of characterizing ischemic myocardium noninvasively, the study was performed with animal preparations simulating myocardial ischemia in humans. In one series of open-chest dogs, integrated backscatter among 22 ischemic regions was increased by 200% (P less than 0.01) compared to values in control regions within 1 hour after coronary occlusion and by 400% (-45.1 +/- 0.7 dB compared to -50.9 +/- 0.4 dB) (P less than 0.001) within 6 hours. In a second series of open-chest dogs, ischemia was quantified with 141Ce microspheres, and mean integrated backscatter was found to increase (280% of control) (P less than 0.01) in regions with flow less than 20% of control 2 hours following coronary occlusion. Additional studies with perfused hearts revealed two determinants of the increased ultrasonic backscatter observed: (1) an increase in cardiac fluid content reflected by the wet-to-dry weight ratio, and (2) the contributions of formed elements in whole blood. The results indicate that ultrasonic integrated backscatter distinguishes severely ischemic from nonischemic myocardium in vivo in open-chest animals. Because it was possible to obtain these results in the reflection mode, potential extension of the approach to clinical applications is promising. PMID- 7237705 TI - The interruption of collateral blood flow to the ischemic canine myocardium by embolization of a coronary artery with latex: effects on conduction delay and ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7237706 TI - The relationship of pulmonary valve motion to the motion of surrounding cardiac structures: a two-dimensional and dual M-mode echocardiographic study. AB - To assess the relationship of late diastolic pulmonary valve motion to motion of adjacent cardiac structures, we performed two-dimensional and dual M-mode echocardiography on 15 pulmonary normotensive (group A) and nine pulmonary hypertensive subjects (group B). Simultaneous pulmonary valve and posterior aortic wall a-waves were less prominent in group B than in group A (p less than 0.001), and their amplitudes were linearly related within each group (r = 0.83). Analysis of two-dimensional studies confirmed a relationship between pulmonary valve and posterior aortic wall late diastolic motion. No subject had independent presystolic motion of the pulmonary valve within the pulmonary artery. Subjects with shallow a-waves had impaired left atrial emptying compared with those with normal a-wave amplitudes (p less than 0.01). We conclude that the pulmonary valve a-wave does not represent independent valvular displacement, but rather, reflects motion of the entire cardiac base. Variations in a-wave morphology may result, at least in part, from the effects of altered ventricular geometry and compliance on left atrial emptying. PMID- 7237707 TI - Size and motion of the mitral valve annulus in man. I. A two-dimensional echocardiographic method and findings in normal subjects. AB - Using wide-angle, phased-array, two-dimensional echocardiography, mitral leaflets and their annular attachments were recorded from a view close to the standard apical four-chamber view. The transducer was rotated and recordings were made at 30 degrees rotational intervals around the circumference of the mitral valve annulus. To reconstruct the annulus, the diameters (chords) from each rotational interval were arranged around a reference point. This was done for 12 times during the cardiac cycle. Annular areas were planimetered and circumferences measured. Correlation was good for areas reconstructed and measured by the same observer on separate occasions (r = 0.963) and by two different observers (r = 0.987). In 11 normal subjects the annular area index (area divided by body surface area) increased during diastole to a maximum of 3.8 +/- 0.7 cm2/m2 (mean +/- SD) in late diastole. There was presystolic followed by systolic narrowing to a minimum in midsystole. The mean reduction in area was 26 +/- 3%. The maximal annular circumference was 9.3 +/- 0.9 cm and the mean reduction in circumference was 13 +/- 3%. The overall motion pattern was similar to that reported in experimental studies in the dog. Mitral annular reconstruction may provide new information about normal and abnormal function of the mitral valve apparatus. PMID- 7237709 TI - Determinants of ejection performance in aortic stenosis. PMID- 7237708 TI - Mitral valve prolapse: a consistent manifestation of type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The pathogenetic role of the abnormal production of type III collagen. AB - To evaluate whether abnormal production of type III collagen, the characteristic biochemical feature of patients with the type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, consistently predisposes to mitral valve prolapse, we evaluated the family of a proband with classic type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Production of type III collagen was assessed with the use of cultured skin fibroblasts. Mitral valve prolapse was detected by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. Biochemical abnormalities in the production of type III collagen and echocardiographic findings of mitral valve prolapse were completely concordant. All patients with abnormal production of type III collagen had mitral valve prolapse and all subjects with normal production of type III collagen had entirely normal echocardiograms. Six of the eight patients with abnormal production of type III collagen had subtle cutaneous abnormalities. The consistent association of abnormal production of type III collagen and mitral valve prolapse in this family suggests that this abnormality of collagen may give rise to mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7237710 TI - Effect of sulfinpyrazone on ventricular fibrillation during acute myocardial ischemia. AB - In patients treated with sulfinpyrazone, an apparent reduction in the incidence of sudden death and presumed ventricular fibrillation has been reported. Using an intact animal model without microcirculatory thrombosis, we studied the effects of sulfinpyrazone on ischemic myocardium in 58 anesthetized dogs divided into three groups: control untreated (n =24), group 1 (n = 16), treated daily with 300 mg of sulfinpyrazone for 7 days, and group 2 (n = 18), treated daily with 300 mg of sulfinpyrazone for 7 days but omitting treatment on day 8. Although consistent hemodynamic differences were not apparent, the degree of injury determined by ECG mapping was significantly lower in group 1. The incidence of fibrillation was 54% for control and 0% in group 1. Group 2 had a 44% incidence, suggesting a limited duration of action. The apparent absence of microcirculatory thrombosis in this model suggests other mechanisms of action. A significantly smaller increase in tissue water and Na+ and smaller loss of K+ in group 1 may have contributed to the lower incidence of fibrillation, perhaps through selective prostaglandin inhibition. PMID- 7237711 TI - Relation between right ventricular mass and cavity size: an analysis of 1500 human hearts. AB - We examined data on the mass, area and myocardial abnormality (scar or infarction) of the right ventricular free wall (RVFW) from 1500 consecutive dissections of hearts that came to autopsy. There were 447 hearts with associated coronary and ischemic heart disease (CAD) and 826 without CAD. RVFW mass was used as an index of hypertrophy (RVH) and RVFW area was used as an index of dilatation (RVD). In both groups of hearts, RVH and RVD were strongly correlated and can be properly referred to as one entity: right ventricular enlargement (RVE). Right ventricular infarction occurred both with and without RVE but rarely without CAD. Right ventricular infarction usually assumed an apical or basal pattern of distribution parallel to that of the adjacent left ventricular lesion. PMID- 7237712 TI - Acute effects of oral pirbuterol on myocardial oxygen metabolism and systemic hemodynamics in chronic congestive heart failure. AB - Pirbuterol hydrochloride, an orally effective beta-adrenergic agonist, improves hemodynamic abnormalities in patients with congestive heart failure, but its effects on myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and coronary blood flow have not been characterized. We studied the effects of 20-30 mg of oral pirbuterol on myocardial metabolic and hemodynamic parameters in 12 patients (six with coronary artery disease) with chronic CHF refractory to standard medical therapy. Pirbuterol induced an increase in cardiac index (1.7 +/- 0.1 to 2.3 +/- 0.2 l/min/m2, p less than 0.05) and a fall in systemic vascular resistance (1884 +/- 118 to 1391 +/- 69 dyn-sec-cm-5, p less than 0.01) 2 hours after administration. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure fell from arterial and right atrial pressures did not change. Heart rate remained constant. Arterial-coronary sinus oxygen content difference narrowed (from 12.9 +/- 0.4 to 11.1 +/- 0.3 vol%, p less than 0.05), while no significant change occurred in MVO2. Myocardial oxygen extraction ratio and myocardial lactate extraction ratio did not change, and no patient developed angina or electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia. Patients with coronary artery disease had hemodynamic and myocardial metabolic responses similar to those without coronary artery disease. Pirbuterol effects substantial acute hemodynamic improvement in patients with chronic congestive heart failure without increasing requirements for coronary blood flow or myocardial oxygen delivery and without provoking myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7237713 TI - Radiation exposure to the pediatric patient during cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography. Emphasis on the thyroid gland. AB - Thermoluminescent dosimetry was used to measure the radiation exposure to the skin, thyroid and gonads in 50 consecutive pediatric patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography using cine photofluorography. Average exposures were 17.1 R to the skin, 2.3 R to the thyroid and 0.1 R to the gonads. Fluoroscopy accounted for approximately 80% of the skin and thyroid exposure and cine photofluorography for 20-25%. Occasional primary-beam irradiation was the major contributor to gonad exposure. Internal scatter of the incident x-ray beam was primarily responsible for thyroid exposure, so that infants received relatively high exposures; one receiving 7.3 R. The thyroid was not frequently in the primary beam. The significance of high radiation exposure to the thyroid, and in particular its relationship to thyroid carcinoma, are discussed. The results are compared with other series in the literature and relative exposures of cine photofluorography and serial filming are contrasted. PMID- 7237714 TI - Radiation exposure to the child during cardiac catheterization. AB - Few data are available regarding radiation exposure to children during cardiac catheterization. Using lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters, radiation exposure was measured during precatheterization chest roentgenography, fluoroscopy (hemodynamic assessment phase of catheterization) and cineangiography in 30 infants and children, ages 3 days to 21 years. Dosimeters were placed over the eyes, thyroid, anterior chest, posterior chest, anterior abdomen, posterior abdomen and gonads. Average absorbed chest doses were 24.5 mR during chest roentgenography, 5810 mR during catheterization fluoroscopy and 1592 mR during cineangiography. During the complete catheterization, average doses were 26 mR to the eyes, 431 mR to the thyroid area, 150 mR to the abdomen and 11 mR to the gonads. Radiation exposure during pediatric cardiac catheterization is low to the eyes and gonads but high to the chest and thyroid area. To decrease radiation dosage we suggest (1) low pulse-rate fluoroscopy; (2) substitution of contrast echocardiography for cineangiography; (3) large-plate abdominal/gonadal shielding; (4) a selective shield for thyroid area; (5) a very small field during catheter manipulation. Minimum radiation consistent with accurate diagnosis is optimal; however, erroneous or incomplete diagnosis is more dangerous than radiation-related hazards. PMID- 7237715 TI - Comparison of resection versus patch aortoplasty for repair of coarctation in infants and children. AB - To evaluate two surgical techniques of treatment for coarctation of the aorta in infants and children, we retrospectively compared our long-term experience with resection and end-to-end anastomosis ("resection") vs Dacron patch aortoplasty in patients operated upon when younger than 16 years of age. Since 1967, 184 patients underwent either resection (n = 96) or patch aortoplasty (n = 88). These groups were comparable in terms of preoperative systolic blood pressure, systolic pressure gradient across the coarctation, the year of operation, age and weight at operation, prevalence of associated cardiovascular defects, and duration of postoperative clinical follow-up (1-12.3 years, median 4.3 years). There was no statistically significant difference in operative mortality between surgical groups. Among 104 patients with follow-up longer than 1 year, there was no statistically significant difference between the two operations in the appearance of a residual gradient greater than 10 mm Hg, but for both groups this degree of residual gradient was more frequent in infants (22 of 43, 51%) than in older children (18 of 61, 31%; p less than 0.025). Late postoperative systolic hypertension was noted in 20 of 104 patients (19%), divided equally between the two operative groups. Most late hypertensive patients (13 of 20, 65%) also had residual coarctation; otherwise, the occurrence of postoperative hypertension was not influenced by the type of repair or age at repair. We conclude that resection and patch aortoplasty are equivalent operations for coarctation of the aorta in infants and children, and that long-term relief of gradient is related to age at operation rather than to technique of repair. PMID- 7237716 TI - Effects of oral disopyramide phosphate on induction of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. AB - The effects of oral disopyramide phosphate on laboratory induction of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) were studied in 16 patients with clinical PSVT. After control electrophysiologic study to determine the inducibility and mechanism of PSVT, patients were given 200-300 mg (275 +/- 45 mg, mean +/- SD) of disopyramide for three to five doses over 24 hours and were then restudied. All patients had inducible, sustained PSVT during the control study. After disopyramide, PSVT was noninducible in eight patients (50%), including six of nine with atrioventricular nodal reentrance and two of seven with atrioventricular reentrance; inducible but nonsustained in two (12.5%) (both with atrioventricular reentrance); and inducible and sustained in six (37.5%). The benefit of disopyramide seemed predominantly to reflect depression of conduction in the retrograde limb of the circus movements, although effects upon the antegrade limb were also observed. In the eight patients with inducible PSVT before and after disopyramide, tachycardia cycle length increased from 348 +/- 33 to 404 +/- 29 msec (mean +/- SEM) (p less than 0.001). These results suggest that disopyramide would be effective in preventing recurrence of clinical PSVT in selected patients. PMID- 7237717 TI - Role of Mahaim fibers in cardiac arrhythmias in man. AB - Twelve patients with evidence of Mahaim fibers are reported, six with nodoventricular (NV) fibers and six with fasciculoventricular (FV) fibers. All patients with NV fibers had left bundle branch block morphology, and a sustained reentrant tachycardia with this morphology was proved in each case. In three of the six, ventriculoatrial dissociation occurred during tachycardia. We postulate that the mechanism of this tachycardia is a macroreentry circuit using the NV fiber for the antegrade limb and the His-Purkinje system with a portion of the atrioventricular node for the retrograde limb. ECGs of patients with FV fibers were varied, suggesting a functional relation to the right or left side of the septum. No direct relationship of FV fibers to observed arrhythmias could be found. PMID- 7237719 TI - Characteristics of conduction of premature impulses during acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion: a comparison of epicardial and endocardial activation. PMID- 7237718 TI - Clinical and experimental studies on electromechanical dissociation. AB - Electromechanical dissociation (EMD) is the most frequent cause of unsuccessful cardiac resuscitation in critically ill patients. In a clinical study of cardiac arrest, including 54 episodes in 50 fully monitored patients, 14 episodes of ventricular fibrillation were observed and seven were reversed. In the remaining 40 instances, 36 cases of EMD were initially observed. Four patients had asystole. None of the patients with EMD or asystole were successfully resuscitated. For objective study of EMD and its treatment, we developed an experimental model in which ventricular fibrillation was induced in mechanically ventilated dogs. EMD was predictably observed when, after an interval of 120 seconds, ventricular fibrillation was reversed with an external countershock. Neither metabolic acidosis nor metabolic alkalosis modified the incidence of EMD. A few dogs were pretreated with glucose-insulin-potassium or pharmacologic doses of methylprednisolone, but this did not clearly reduce the incidence of EMD. However, the onset of EMD was delayed when the body temperature of the animal was spontaneously reduced. PMID- 7237720 TI - Concealed ventricular parasystole uncovered in the form of ventricular escapes of variable coupling. AB - Exit block from a parasystolic focus is recognized when automatic discharges fail to become manifest during the excitable phase of the ventricular cycle. In the present study, an apparently complete exit block and a persistently concealed ventricular parasystole (VP) resulted from an exit refractory period (ExRP) longer than the sinus cycle length. Slowing of the heart rate caused the concealed VP to become apparent in the form of ventricular escapes of variable coupling and as an idioventricular rhythm that failed to show initial "warming up." These features reflect the fact that the automatic focus is protected from activity of the sinus impulses, which, however, can induce a prolonged ExRP. Seven cases of concealed VP are discussed. In two, concealment occurred spontaneously during the follow-up of a typical VP; in three, it was provoked by conduction-depressing drugs; and in two, ventricular escapes of varying coupling were shown to represent the manifestation of a concealed and previously unrecognized VP. In two cases, isoproterenol caused reappearance of typical VP, probably through a shortening of the ExRP. While isoproterenol may be useful for uncovering a concealed VP, conduction-depressing drugs may be used to provoke or increase exit block. Total extinction of the VP seemed to occur in two patients during follow-up studies. PMID- 7237722 TI - Effect of myocardial infarction on high-frequency QRS potentials. AB - Studies have shown that the number of high-frequency QRS notches increases after myocardial infarction (MI). To assess overall high-frequency (greater than 80 Hz) potentials more quantitatively, we adapted filtered and the root-mean-square (RMS) voltage of the residual (80-300 Hz) signal computed. High-frequency RMS values were significantly (p less than 0.01) greater in leads II, III and aVf in normal subjects (n = 12) than in patients with inferior infarction (n = 12). Similarly, high-frequency RMS values were higher (p less than 0.01) in leads V2 and V5 in normal subjects (n = 14) than in patients with prior anterior MI (n = 14). A reduction in high-frequency RMS values with inferior infarction was independently confirmed using Fourier analysis of the QRS in lead II. QRS notching in these subjects was also quantified by computing the number of baseline crossings of the first derivative (dV/dt). As predicted, notching was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) both with inferior MI (lead II) and anterior MI (lead V5). However, contrary to classic theory, the number of notches correlated negatively with direct measurements of high-frequency RMS voltage in lead II (r = -0.63) and lead V5 (r = -0.49). Positive correlations were obtained between high-frequency potentials and two new indexes that measure the amplitude of QRS dV/dt-peak-to-peak amplitude of dV/dt and RMS dV/dt. Using these indexes, absolute separation of inferior MI patients and normal subjects was obtained. We conclude that MI increases low-amplitude QRS notching but diminishes total high frequency voltage, probably because of an overall decrease in electromotive potentials and slowing of ventricular conduction. PMID- 7237721 TI - Effect of increased adrenergic activity on the relationship between electrical and mechanical systole. AB - The effect of catecholamines and atrial pacing on the relationship between electrical systole (QT) and mechanical systole (QS2) was studied in 12 normal subjects and in 32 patients. The studied subjects were divided into three groups. Group 1 included 12 normal subjects in whom serial isoproterenol infusions were performed before and after oral propranolol administration, 160 mg daily for 2 days. During the 24-hour control period, the QT was always shorter than the QS2 (from 14 +/- 3 to 19 +/- 4 msec, p less than 0.01), while during isoproterenol infusion the QT was always greater than the QS2 (from 28 +/- 5 to 34 +/- 5 msec, p less than 0.01). Group 2 included 26 patients in whom 24-hour urinary epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) were measured the same day as systolic time interval measurements. The E + NE was higher in patients in whom the QT was longer than the QS2 compared with patients in whom the QT was the same or shorter than QS2 (107 +/- 9 vs 61 +/- 7 microgram/24 hours, p less than 0.05). Group 3 included six patients in whom the heart rate was increased with atrial pacing, from 80 to 130 beats/min. The QT was always shorter than the QS2 (from 13 +/- 3 to 24 +/- 5 msec, p less than 0.01). Adrenergic stimulation results in a relative prolongation of the QT with the QS2 shortening and the QT remaining unaffected. The QT is normally shorter than the QS2, so the duration of QT should always be considered in relationship to the duration of QS2. Finally, a reversal of the normal QT-Qs2 relationship may provide a simple index of increased adrenergic activity. PMID- 7237723 TI - Use of postmenopausal hormones and risk of myocardial infarction. AB - Information was collected by mail survey about myocardial infarction (MI), use of female hormones after menopause, and coronary risk factors 121,964 registered nurses ages 30-55 years. One hundred twenty-three women with a known type of prior menopause reported hospitalization for MI. Overall, use of female hormones by these women was very similar to that of control women matched for age and type of menopause. Compared with nonusers, the relative risk (RR) for women who had ever taken female hormones was 0.9 (95% confidence limits 0.6-1.2), and for current users the RR was 0.7 (0.5-1.1). For women with bilateral oophorectomy, the RR for current users was 0.4 (0.2-0.8). These data imply that, at present, a decision to prescribe postmenopausal hormones should be based primarily on weighing possible benefits from the relief of menopausal symptoms against unknown or suspected risks of other diseases, particularly uterine cancer in women with an intact uterus. PMID- 7237724 TI - Detection of residual myocardial function in acute transmural infarction using postextrasystolic potentiation. A computerized angiographic study. AB - Twelve subjects without clinical or hemodynamic heart failure, admitted for a first untreated anterior transmural myocardial infarction, were evaluated within the first 24 hours after the onset of symptoms. Pulmonary angiography was performed while a right ventricular extrastimulus was delivered every fourth beat at 50% of the RR interval to systematically analyze the basal and the postextrasystolic left ventricular frames. Left ventriculograms were quantitatively processed to determine the ejection fraction (EF) and the percentage of the end-diastolic circumference showing hypokinetic (%HK) or akinetic (%AK) areas. Left ventricular angiography was performed 1 month later in all cases at the same paced atrial heart rate to compare this final angiogram to the basal and the electrically induced postextrasystolic initial beats. During the 1-month period of the study none of these subjects had complications such as recurrent chest pain, heart failure or rhythm disturbances, and no drug administration was necessary. Comparing the basal cycle of the initial angiogram and the final cycle, a poor correlation was found between the corresponding values of EF (r = 0.34), %HK (r = 0.38) and %AK (r = 0.48). The correlations were much better when a comparison was made between the postextrasystolic cycle of the initial angiogram and the final cycle (EF, r = 0.84; %HK, r = 0.96; %AK, r = 0.95). These results indicate that, from the first day after a TMI, the analysis of the postextrasystolic frame allows accurate estimation of the final left ventricular function and regional wall motion abnormalities. Postextrasystolic potentiation may be useful in the acute state of transmural infarction to discriminate potentially reversible ischemic from definitely jeopardized areas. PMID- 7237726 TI - Acute arterial hypertension during spontaneous angina in patients with fixed coronary stenosis and exertional angina: an associated rather than a triggering phenomenon. AB - The role of systemic arterial hypertension as a possible trigger of myocardial ischemia during angina at rest was studied in 13 consecutive patients who also had a history of exertional angina. Significant (greater than or equal to 70%) stenosis of at least one major vessel was present in each of the 10 patients in whom coronary arteriography was carried out. After documentation of the electrocardiographic and arterial blood pressure changes during two or more episodes of resting angina, i.v. methoxamine was infused under continuous monitoring of the ECG, arterial blood pressure and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure. The heart rate was maintained either spontaneously or by atrial pacing to levels similar to those during angina at rest. Despite increases in arterial blood pressure and the double product (systolic blood pressure x heart rate) to levels higher than those during spontaneous angina in all patients, no chest pain or electrocardiographic changes occurred in nine patients. In the other four patients, however, angina supervened. Three of these four patients, but only one of the remaining nine, had a borderline or elevated pulmonary artery diastolic pressure at rest. We conclude that in a considerable number of patients with "nonvariant" resting angina, acute increases in arterial blood pressure during the spontaneous attacks are not likely to be the cause of myocardial ischemia. Nevertheless, in some of these patients, increases in resting pulmonary artery diastolic pressure may favor the development of ischemia during afterload augmentation. PMID- 7237725 TI - Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of morphine in the critically ill. AB - To assess the effects of i.v. injection of morphine, 0.5 mg/kg, hemodynamic studies were performed on 24 critically ill patients under controlled ventilation. An esophageal balloon was used to estimate intrapleural pressure and transmural cardiac filling pressures were calculated. After injection of morphine, there were significant decreases in heart rate (13%), cardiac index (18%), stroke index (17%) and arterial pressure (15%) and there was a nonsignificant increase in esophageal pressure (15%). Transmural cardiac filling pressures decreased significantly (21% for the pulmonary wedge pressure); intravascular filling pressures were unchanged. Oxygen consumption decreased significantly, by 21%, in 10 patients with initially elevated oxygen consumption and by 9% in 14 patients with initially normal oxygen consumption. The oxygen extraction ratio was unchanged, suggesting that the decrease in oxygen consumption was caused by decreased oxygen demand rather than by inadequate oxygen delivery. These results indicate that the hemodynamic effects of morphine (0.5 mg/kg) administered to critically ill patients were associated with a significant decrease in oxygen consumption, which probably reflected sedation and analgesia. PMID- 7237727 TI - A revised code for pacemaker identification. Pacemaker Study Group. AB - The three-position ICHD code designating pacemaker function has been widely adopted. A revision, expanding the code from three to five positions, incorporates the first three positions as in the earlier version, but includes position IV, programmable functions, and position V, tachyarrhythmia functions. The code indicates how the pacemaker is employed, not necessarily the purpose for which it was designed. For example, a single-chamber inhibited pulse generator with multiprogrammable capabilities which interrupts a tachycardia by a burst of rapid pacing is designated as VVI,MB if placed in the ventricle, and AAI,MB if in the atrium. PMID- 7237728 TI - Coronary artery spasm during exercise: treatment with verapamil. AB - Six patients who had documented coronary spasm and no coronary artery with organic obstruction greater than 50% developed angina and ST-segment elevation on exercise testing. Oral verapamil, 160-480 mg/day, prevented exercise-induced ischemia in all patients and increased maximal work capacity from 611+/- 250 kpm to 808 +/- 160 kpm (p less than 0.02). In two patients, a relationship between the prevention of exercise-provoked ischemia and the plasma concentration of verapamil was demonstrated, and in one of these, the relationship had a diurnal pattern. Patients with variant angina may develop coronary spasm on effort and often respond to verapamil. PMID- 7237729 TI - Coronary hemodynamic findings during spontaneous angina in patients with variant angina. PMID- 7237730 TI - Patterns of disturbed myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease. Regional myocardial perfusion in angina pectoris. AB - Fifty patients who presented with angina pectoris were studied to examine the disturbances of regional myocardial perfusion during stress. Each patient underwent 16-point precordial mapping of the ECG during an exercise test, and coronary and left ventricular angiography. Regional myocardial perfusion was assessed using an atrial pacing test and a short-lived radionuclide, krypton-81m. Eleven patients had negative exercise tests and uniform increases in myocardial activity of krypton-81m of 98 +/- 18.0% during pacing. Ten patients performed 30,000-43,000 J in positive exercise tests. These patients showed abnormal coronary anatomy and increases in myocardial activity of krypton-81m to remote and jeopardized myocardium at the onset of pacing. However, further pacing produced a decrease in activity in the affected segment of 68.0 +/- 9.0% accompanied by ST-segment depression and angina. Twelve patients achieved 26,000 32,000 J in positive exercise tests and had significant coronary artery disease. Atrial pacing produced increased activity of krypton-81m to remote myocardium. The jeopardized segment at first showed no change and then a decrease in regional activity of krypton-81m (89.0 +/- 17%) accompanied by ST-segment depression and chest pain. Seventeen patients achieved only 7000-22,000 J in positive exercise tests. These patients showed abnormal coronary anatomy and developed decreases in regional activity of krypton-81m to the affected segment of myocardium starting at the onset of atrial pacing and decreasing by 88 +/- 0 7.0% below control. We conclude that different patterns of disturbed myocardial distribution of krypton 81m are present during stress-induced ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. There was a close temporal relationship between these disturbances and ST-segment depression. PMID- 7237731 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic identification of surgically correctable complications of acute myocardial infarction. AB - The appearance of a new, loud systolic murmur in a patient with congestive heart failure after an acute myocardial infarction suggests a surgically correctable cause of the heart failure. Using two-dimensional echocardiography, we studied 14 patients who presented in this manner. Four patients had rupture of a papillary muscle with a flail mitral valve. All four had surgery; three survived. Five patients had fibrosis of the posteromedial papillary muscle. All five had surgery; three survived. Five patients had a ventricular septal defect. Three of the five had surgery; one survived. Two-dimensional echocardiography is useful in studying patients with a new systolic murmur and congestive heart failure after acute myocardial infarction to detect surgically correctable structural defects. PMID- 7237732 TI - Real-time, two-dimensional echocardiographic features of pacemaker perforation. AB - Five patients (four adults and one child) with clinically suspected myocardial perforation by temporary transvenous pacemakers were studied by real-time, two dimensional echocardiography. In three patients, the catheters were visualized passing through the right ventricular apical wall with the tip located outside the cardiac border. In one patient the catheter perforated the atrioventricular septum and entered the left ventricle with the tip lodged against the posterior wall. In another patient, the catheter had partially penetrated the ventricular septum near the apex. Pericardial effusion was observed in two patients, in one of whom it was localized to the site of perforation. No patient had evidence of cardiac tamponade. In four patients, the catheters were withdrawn under echocardiographic visualization and the catheter tips could be seen moving from the abnormal locations back into the right-heart chambers. Perforation was verified at autopsy in two patients, including one in whom the catheter was not withdrawn. Real-time, two-dimensional echocardiography appears to be valuable in the diagnosis of pacemaker perforation. PMID- 7237733 TI - Complement consumption in eggwhite and fish sensitivity. AB - A case of eggwhite allergy and a case of fish allergy, where complement-fixation by thermostable IgG-class antibody was positive at extremely high antigen dilutions are described. The antibody in eggwhite allergy was of the precipitating variety and the C-fixation phenomenon was not related to the presence or absence of IgE antibody. PMID- 7237734 TI - A pulmonary survey of grain handlers in the West of Scotland. AB - A pulmonary survey was undertaken in a large granary in the West of Scotland. The lung functions and respiratory symptoms were compared in nineteen atopic and fifty-six non-atopic grain handlers with reference to their smoking habits and also to forty-eight control subjects with no previous exposure to grain dust. Cigarette smokers from the granary workers and the control group had more respiratory symptoms and significantly lower PF, FEV1, V25 and V50. The atopic grain handlers, on the other hand, had better ventilatory functions compared to non-atopic workers. This difference in the atopic group may be related to their lower cigarette consumption, shorter service in the granary or the process of self selection. The grain handlers with wheeze or breathlessness at work had significantly higher incidence of restrictive type MEFV curves and this could not be attributed to increased cigarette consumption, atopy or longer duration of employment and there was no correlation between severity of symptoms and occupational exposure. Although PF, FEV1, FVC, V25, V50 and V75 failed to show significant differences in granary workers and controls, the shape of MEFV curve may have significance as a sensitive indicator of the effect of grain dust as a preclinical stage. PMID- 7237735 TI - The effect of complement depletion on hypersensitivity pneumonitis lesions induced by Micropolyspora faeni antigen. AB - Animals sensitized by intratracheal administration of particulate Micropolyspora faeni antigen and subsequently challenged with the antigen intratracheally developed lesions of hypersensitivity pneumonitis histologically similar to those observed in man wih this disease. Animals sensitized with antigen but depleted of complement with cobra venom factor prior to challenge with the antigen manifested a significant reduction in mean lesion indices when compared to a group of control animals that were not complement-depleted. These data indicate that complement is necessary for the development of pulmonary lesions of experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis in the rabbit. PMID- 7237737 TI - Sorbitol content of plasma and erythrocytes during induced short-term hyperglycemia. AB - Plasma glucose concentration was increased from a mean basal value of 3.3 +/- 0.1 to 13.3 +/- 1.5 mmol/L by the intravenous administration of glucose for 60 minutes to four healthy volunteers. The sorbitol content of erythrocytes was increased during the period of hyperglycemia from a mean basal value of 65 +/- 9 to 106 -/+ 6 mumol/L. The plasma sorbitol concentration remained constant at 12 +/- 1 mumol/L. This dissociated response indicates that the plasma concentration of sorbitol is not significantly affected by a short-term hyperglycemia sufficient to cause intracellular sorbitol accumulation. PMID- 7237738 TI - Use of the sulfo-phospo-vanillin reaction in a routine method for determining total lipids in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Adult human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was assayed for total lipid levels by the sulfo-phospho-vanillin color reaction. Lipids in a 1-2 ml sample of CSF are extracted with a 2:1 chlofoform-methanol mixture and the solvent extract, after equilibration with 0.74 percent potassium chloride, is evaporated to dryness. The lipid in the residue is estimated by the sulfo-phospho-vanillin reaction. The extraction process is essentially quantitative for lipid mixtures normally found in CF. The technique has an average coefficient of variation of 1.5 percent and the recovery of added lipids is nearly quantitative. It can be used as a rapid routine method for estimating CSF total lipids and several samples can be processed simultaneously. Estimations of total lipid levels using the sulfo phospho-vanillin reaction agree quite well with the results obtained by densitometric quantitation of charred lipids. A preliminary analysis of 22 samples of adult human CSF containing normal levels of total protein gave an average total lipid level of 0.78 (+/- 0.07 SEM) mg/dl. Total lipid levels in CSF did not significantly correlate with age. However lipid levels in CSF show a significant positive correlation with CSF total protein levels. PMID- 7237736 TI - Radioimmunological assays for triiodothyronine(T3) or thyroxine(T4) in sera containing antibodies against the hormones. AB - For serum samples containing antibodies in vivo against triiodothyronine or thyroxine, the radioimmunoassays in use may give highly erroneous results. We wanted to compare the effects of two different radioimmunoassay systems on such sera, and to develop a suitable extraction procedure for use before such assays. Very different results were obtained with the use of single antibody or double antibody techniques on unextracted sera. The highest recoveries of total T3 and T4 from sera were found with two successive ethanol extractions. PMID- 7237739 TI - Comparison of hemoglobin A1c and hemoglobin A1 in diabetic patients. AB - Hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values were compared in 934 samples from 686 subjects with diabetes mellitus. Linear regression analysis revealed the two parameters to be highly related with HbA1 = 1.18 HbA1c + 1.67, and a correlation coefficient of 0.97. Samples with HbA1 greater than predicted from the measured HbA1c had been stored significantly longer (approximately 1 day) than other samples, suggesting that sample storage may slightly alter the relationship between these parameters. Serial HbA1 and HbA1c values in all 9 patients for whom data was available from at least 5 time points changed in parallel regardless of the time interval between sampling or the magnitude of the interval change of HbA1c and HbA1. These data indicate that the potentially simpler measurement of HbA1 gives results equivalent to HbA1c for clinical applications. PMID- 7237741 TI - Evaluation of the new Beckman electrophoretic method for CK-MB: comparison with ion exchange chromatography and investigation of a reference outpatient population. AB - We evaluated the performance of a CK isoenzyme kit utilizing agarose electrophoresis with fluorescence scanning of an overlay paper rather than the gel. We compared this method to ion exchange chromatography with mini-columns of DEAE Sephadex using samples from hospitalized patients and from a reference population of ambulatory outpatients with common, chronic medical conditions. The detection limit, precision and linearity of the electrophoretic method were acceptable, but the method overestimated CK-MB, requiring a different reference range for clinical application. There were inter-racial differences within the reference population for total CK and for the percent of CK-MB using either method. We discuss the significance of our findings with respect to clinical decision limits for CK-MB. PMID- 7237740 TI - Spectrophotometric study of total protein-albumin methods applied to cerebrospinal fluid. AB - A spectrophotometric study was carried out for three proteins assays when modification of their serum procedures using bromcresol green, bromcresol purple and biuret reagents were applied to the determinations of total proteins and albumin in cerebrospinal fluids. A novel concentration device wherein the sample itself was used as the primary diluent for the three reagents concentrated to contain the proper amounts of chemicals in smaller volumes than suggested in their serum procedures allowed reasonable absorbance signals to be obtained. Low molecular weight molecules were separated from the albumin and globulins of the fluids by centrifugal ultrafiltration using a 25K cutoff and spectra were obtained for both high and low molecular weight fractions. Some materials were obtained in the separated ultrafiltrates which gave reactions with all three reagents, reactions which either overlapped the spectra of the albumin reactions or superimposed the spectra obtained with the total protein reaction. A screening procedure for cerebrospinal fluid total proteins or centrifugally ultrafiltered albumin appears reasonable as an inference from studies made, although further elucidation of the low molecular weight fractions in needed as a confirmation device. PMID- 7237743 TI - An appraisal of CSF glutamine measurement by acid hydrolysis. AB - The hydrolysis of CSF glutamine as proposed by Harst et al. (2) was shown to be incomplete due to the low acid concentration in the reaction. Complete hydrolysis was achieved with a higher acid concentration. Because glutamine is stoichiometrically converted to ammonia and glutamic acid, both ammonia and glutamine can be used as standard solutions. It was further shown that glutamine standard solution, even though deaminated, can still be used. CSF urea, if very high, will give falsely elevated glutamine concentrations. Correction is possible by subtraction of its glutamine equivalent value. An optimum Berthelot reaction was developed for our modified assay. PMID- 7237742 TI - The effects of long-term freezing preservation on urinary titratable acid and ammonium. PMID- 7237744 TI - Fluorescent substance(s) in serum and urine of patients with chronic renal disease. PMID- 7237745 TI - Improved precision of the enzymic-Jaffe method for determination of creatinine. PMID- 7237746 TI - Performance of the IL 282 Co-oximeter in the presence of fluorocarbon emulsions. PMID- 7237747 TI - Fasting and gender (and altitude?) influence reference intervals for serum bilirubin in healthy adults. PMID- 7237748 TI - Easy measurement of viscosity of semi-micro serum samples. PMID- 7237749 TI - Serum enzymes in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7237751 TI - Accidental poisoning of two laboratory technologists with sodium nitrite. PMID- 7237752 TI - Homozygous alpha thalassemia 2 causing a false negative solubility test in sickle cell trait. PMID- 7237750 TI - Thymol preservative interferes with quantitation of serum uric acid by the direct acid ferric reduction method. PMID- 7237753 TI - Microcomputer program for RIA data reduction and other laboratory calculations. PMID- 7237754 TI - Creatine kinase isoenzyme BB as a tumor marker in pleural effusions. PMID- 7237755 TI - Errors in determination of fatty acid composition of cholesteryl esters after extraction from serum with n-octane. PMID- 7237756 TI - Suitability of control materials. General principles and methods of investigation. AB - We propose methods for characterizing the behavior of quality-control specimens. Candidate quality-control specimens and authentic patients' specimens were analyzed by various methods. Patients' specimens were chosen to be fully representative of those encountered, including subsets from persons who were healthy, had defined disease states, were in therapy, or whose specimens were lipemic, icteric, etc. The analytical methods chosen include those most commonly used as well as reference analytical methods. Procedures for characterizing the behavior of patients' specimens and candidate quality-control specimens are proposed and their applicability is demonstrated. The linear ratio method is a univariate graphical approach in which differences in accuracy among methods for any specimen or group of specimens are each displayed on a linear scale. Correspondence analysis is a descriptive multivariate statistical technique that allows both the specimens and the analytical methods to be characterized. The statistical techniques, in our application, allow the behavior of quality-control specimens to be assessed with respect to authentic patients' specimens without influencing the assessment process. Correspondence analysis provides a graphic representation by projecting both the specimens and the analytical methods on factorial planes. The appropriateness of te behavior of a quality-control specimen may be inferred from its position relative to those of authentic patients' specimens. These statistical techniques also provide some information regarding the specificity of analytical methods. PMID- 7237757 TI - Automation of plasma antithrombin III assays. AB - We have developed automated assays for antithrombin III for use with the Gilford 3500 and the Multistat Microcentrifugal Analyzer. The assays are two-stage kinetic-rate methods and involve use of human thrombin and the chromogenic peptide substrate S-2238. The reagents are prepared in-house from commercially available components. Both automated methods have good precision and results correlate well with both an established chromogenic substrate assay and an immunological assay. The automated assays offer the advantages of speed, sensitivity, high throughput, and low reagent consumption and are useful for both routine work and high-volume testing in clinical studies and screening programs. PMID- 7237758 TI - A bioluminescence micromethod for measuring chloramphenicol in serum. AB - Bioluminescence provides a sensitive analytical approach for the measurement of low concentrations of ATP and can be used to monitor any reaction in which ATP is consumed or synthesized. We describe a quick, sensitive method involving bioluminescence for the quantitation of chloramphenicol in serum. Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol in the presence of acetyl coenzyme A. ATP is consumed when the acetylation reaction is coupled to the acetyl coenzyme A synthetase reaction. Residual ATP is then assayed with the firefly luciferin-luciferase reaction. The procedure can be completed in less than 1 h and requires as little as 20 microliter of serum. The response of the assay is linear with concentration through a range of 2 to 20 mg/L and shows good correlation with a gas-chromatographic method (r = 0.978) and a radioenzymic method (r = 0.985). No significant interference was found from five other antibiotics tested. The small sample requirement makes the assay especially applicable to infant and pediatric monitoring, where the effects of toxicity are greatest. PMID- 7237759 TI - Immunochemical determination of CK-MB isoenzyme in human serum: a radiometric approach. AB - The presence of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) in human serum is an indicator of myocardial injury. In this assay for CK-MB, reagent containing both rabbit antibodies to CK-MM and 125I-labeled sheep antibodies to CK-BB is added to the patient's serum and incubated for 1 h at ambient temperature. Goat anti rabbit immunoglobulin, conjugated to a mixture of amylose and polyvinylidene fluoride floccules, is then added. After a 15-min incubation, the mixture is centrifuged, isolating the two M-subunit-containing isoenzymes as insoluble complexes. Because the B-subunit portion of MB is labeled with 125I, the radio activity in the pellet will be proportional to the amount of MB present. The discarded supernate contains excess sheep 125I-labeled BB antibodies, free or bound to BB isoenzyme if it is present. The preparation and characterization of the isoenzymes and antibodies is explained. Concentrations of CK-MB is sera of patients with and without an acute myocardial infarction were assayed in serial specimens obtained in 103 consecutive admissions to a coronary care unit. The performance of this radiometric procedure compared well with CK-MB electrophoresis, giving a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 92%. PMID- 7237760 TI - Clinical evaluation of a radiometric assay specific for creatine kinase isoenzyme MB. AB - A new radiometric assay specific for creatine kinase isoenzyme MB was evaluated with respect to its precision and agreement with a conventional electrophoretic CK-MB assay for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The reference interval we find for serum CK-MB in healthy subjects is 0--30 micrograms/L. The coefficients of variation at 197 and 40 micrograms of CK-MB per liter, were 5.2 and 11.5%, respectively. In a clinical study of 52 consecutive patients admitted into a Coronary Care Unit with a diagnosis of suspected myocardial infarction, there was overall agreement in CK-MB results by the two assays for 51 of 52 patients. A more sensitive and quantitative assay that is specific for CK-MB can be helpful in cases where diagnosis of myocardial infarction is equivocal. PMID- 7237761 TI - Separation of serum high-density lipoprotein for cholesterol determination: ultracentrifugation vs precipitation with sodium phosphotungstate and magnesium chloride. AB - We compared two methods for separation of serum high-density lipoprotein: selective precipitation with sodium phosphotungstate and magnesium chloride, and ultracentrifugation in sodium chloride solution (relative density 1.063). When the cholesterol content (determined enzymically with a centrifugal analyzer) of fractions obtained by each method was compared (ultracentrifugation = x), the correlation coefficient was 0.97; y = 1.01x - 11.2 mg/L; p less than 0.05; n = 54. The within-day and between-day coefficients of variation for this method were 1.1 and 4.0%, respectively. Reference intervals for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in subpopulations categorized by age and sex were based on data obtained from volunteer blood donors. PMID- 7237762 TI - Quantitative differences in volatiles from healthy mouths and mouths with periodontitis. AB - It has been suggested that orally derived volatile aromatic amines may be of possible diagnostic use and may contribute to the etiology or pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Using gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, we identified and quantitated pyridine and picolines in the headspace of incubated whole saliva from healthy and diseased subjects. The oral health of subjects was evaluated by four standard oral-health indices. Volatile aromatic amines were virtually absent from subjects with healthy oral cavities, but were present in the oral cavities of subjects with periodontitis to the extent of 636.4 (SEM 154.7) ng/5 mL of saliva. Pyridine and picolines in saliva of diseased subjects may be related to the disease process. PMID- 7237763 TI - Bile acid assays as an index of cholestasis. AB - Four bile acid profiles, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase were measured in rats in which normal bile flow had been disturbed either by administration of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate or by surgical ligation of the bile duct. The most sensitive index to the early onset of cholestasis was an increase in total cholate. This increase was measurable before morphological changes could clearly be identified. PMID- 7237764 TI - Liquid-chromatographic analysis for common tricyclic antidepressant drugs and their metabolites in serum or plasma with the technicon "FAST-LC" system. AB - We describe a single procedure for assay of seven tricyclic antidepressant drugs and metabolites in serum or plasma: protriptyline, nortriptyline, amitriptyline, desmethyldoxepin, doxepin, desipramine, and imipramine. With the Technicon "FAST LC" system, samples are aspirated directly into the unit and pretreated via double extraction; the concentration of each drug is then determined by "high performance" liquid chromatography. Final chromatograms are monitored at 205 nm, at analysis rates of 7.5 samples/h. Concentration and absorbance are linearly related for each drug from 0 to 1400 micrograms/L. Day-to-day CVs averaged 5 to 6% for each drug, and there is good correlation of FAST-LC values with those obtained by gas-chromatographic methods. Total sample volume is 750 microliters. PMID- 7237765 TI - High-molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase in serum and bile: physical properties and relationship with other high-molecular-mass enzymes. AB - High-molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase has similar properties in serum and bile. It is of sufficiently large size to be excluded by Sepharose 6B and carries a high negative charge at alkaline pH, largely accounted for by the presence of sialic acid residues. It is slightly more heat labile than the lower-molecular mass liver isoenzyme. Other enzymes originating from the hepatocyte plasma membrane are present as similar high-molecular-mass forms in normal bile, and in both bile and serum from patients with liver disease. The activities of these relatively large enzymic forms in serum were correlated with one another and we show they are converted similarly to lower-molecular-mass forms by solubilization with detergents. However, they carry slightly different net charges, thereby ruling out the possibility that they all consisted of a single homogeneous multi enzyme complex. These findings are discussed in the light of two current hypotheses that the high-molecular-mass enzymes represent (a) membrane fragments released into the circulation in liver disease or (b) low-molecular-mass enzymes that aggregate, after release, with the lipid and protein in the circulation. PMID- 7237766 TI - High-molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase in serum and bile: nature and relationship with lipoprotein-X. AB - Using immunoelectrophoresis and other techniques, we have demonstrated an association between lipoprotein-X and (a) alkaline phosphatase and (b) other enzymes originating from the hepatocyte membrane, namely gamma glutamyltransferase and leucine aminopeptidase. The high-molecular-mass forms of these enzymes, in both serum and bile, were precipitated by lipoprotein-X antiserum but not by antisera to other plasma proteins. The activity of high molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase in serum was positively correlated with lipoprotein-X and with lipoprotein-X-associated alkaline phosphatase, both assessed semi-quantitatively. On the other hand, many sera possessed high activities of high-molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase but no detectable lipoprotein-X. Incubation of serum with conjugated bile salts and with synthetic detergents, at concentrations which did not dissociate the high-molecular-mass enzymes, caused parallel alterations in the electrophoretic mobility of serum lipoprotein-X and its associated enzyme activity. Incubation of normal dialyzed hepatic bile with normal, lipoprotein-X-negative serum produced an alteration in electrophoretic mobility of biliary lipoprotein and its associated enzyme activity from anodal to cathodal in agar gel. Digestion with papain had a variable effect on the different enzymes in the complex, without affecting the lipoprotein moiety. Leucine aminopeptidase was removed most readily from the complex to give the low-molecular-mass form present in normal serum; gamma glutamyltransferase dissociated somewhat less readily, and alkaline phosphatase was completely resistant to dissociation from the complex. These results are discussed in the light of current knowledge, and a hypothesis is proposed for the nature of the high-molecular-mass enzymes in serum and bile. PMID- 7237767 TI - Studies on the quality of specimens obtained by skin puncture of children 1. Tendency to hemolysis, and hemoglobin and tissue fluid as contaminants. AB - When preferred skin-puncture and blood-collecting techniques were used, the mean artifactually produced hemoglobin in 417 samples of plasma from pediatric patients was 260 mg/L. Highest values occurred exclusively in newborns, 0 to 13 days old (n = 176; mean, 390 mg/L), one-third of whom were premature. The highest value was 1470 mg/L. Only 3% of the samples exceeded 1000 mg/L. After 13 days, technically produced hemolysis is about the same as that for adult plasma (less than 200 mg/L). When skin-puncture and blood-collecting techniques are faulty- e.g., from excessive squeezing at the puncture site--plasma K and hemoglobin may be increased in the newborn to 13-day-old infant, and occasionally in older subjects. By determining plasma hemoglobin, K, blood hemoglobin, and hematocrit the contribution of "tissue fluid" is readily calculated. With excessive squeezing at the sampling site, tissue fluid sometimes contaminates plasma with hemoglobin and K, particularly in the youngest group. Values for alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase, inorganic P, and Na were little altered, even with squeezing, a fact particularly surprising for the enzymes, which are known to be present in markedly higher concentrations in erythrocytes and other tissues. Our data validate the Elson--Ivor--Gochman method (Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 69: 354-355, 1978) for quantitation of hemoglobin in plasma. PMID- 7237768 TI - Comparison of concentrations of some trace, bulk, and toxic metals in the hair of normal and dyslexic children. AB - Hair from dyslexic children, analyzed by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry, showed significantly higher concentrations of magnesium and copper than did hair from control subjects. The hair from dyslexic children also contained significantly higher concentrations of aluminum and cadmium than that from control children; the cadmium concentration exceeded the normal acceptable range. There were no significant differences in the case of lead, calcium, selenium, or mercury. Our results indicate that excessive cadmium burden could be implicated in this form of learning disorder. PMID- 7237769 TI - Improved method for quantitation of B apoprotein in plasma lipoproteins by electroimmunoassay. AB - The B apoprotein occurs in a wide range of plasma lipoproteins, which are heterogenous both with respect to size and to composition. Immunochemical recognition of the apoprotein is influenced by the nature of the particle in which the apoprotein is found, presumably due to the masking of the antigenic sites by lipoprotein lipid. Consequently, it is difficult to provide suitable standards for use in routine electroimmunoassay procedures of the B apoprotein, particularly for triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. We have devised a procedure whereby lipoprotein samples, independent of their initial size and composition, are reduced, by use of a bacterial lipase, to a common size and composition, which is almost identical to that of the standard. This permits an assay that may be easily used routinely. It provides a far more reliable estimate of the absolute B apoprotein mass in plasma lipoproteins of the very-low- and low density lipoprotein spectrum than has been previously available. PMID- 7237770 TI - Column affinity chromatography for bound/free separation in ligand assays. I. Radioimmunoassay of choriomammotropin (human placental lactogen). AB - A method is described for separating antibody-bound from free fractions in ligand assays by column affinity chromatography, and its application to radioimmunoassay of choriomammotropin. In the method, 70 x 10 mm (i.d.) polypropylene columns containing about 150 mg of immunosorbent (goat anti-rabbit gamma-globulins covalently linked to Sepharose CL-4B) are used. Standards or unknowns, tracer and antiserum, pipetted into bottom-capped columns, are kept separated from the immunosorbent bed by a porous polyethylene disc and allowed to react for 15 min at room temperature. The reaction mixture is then allowed to pass through the columns by removing the bottom caps. Free antigen is eluted by washing the column, and discarded; antibody-bound fractions remain bound to the immunosorbent. The radioactivity in the columns is counted. The major advantages of the present technique, arising from the liquid-phase reaction combined with the solid-phase separation by column affinity chromatography, are the very low nonspecific binding (less than 1%), good sensitivity (0.02 mg/L), good precision (CV 3.4%), and simple and fast (30-min) assay. For 50 clinical samples so assayed (gamma) and compared with a polyethylene glycol precipitation technique (x), the regression equation was: y - 0.14 + 0.98x (r = 0.994). The assay method was clinical validated by 3493 determinations. PMID- 7237772 TI - Steroid radioimmunoassay--effect of shortened incubation time on specificity. AB - Use of a briefer incubation interval in several steroid radioimmunoassays markedly increases cross reactions with some closely related steroids. The dissociation rates of the various steroid/antibody complexes play a critical role in determining the specificity of the antiserum, and the maximum specificity of an antiserum will be exploited only if it is incubated to equilibrium. The commonly used method for estimating the time required to reach equilibrium--i.e., the time required for the %(B0/T) value to "plateau"--grossly underestimates the true interval required, and we suggest that the minimum incubation period for steroid radioimmunoassay should be based on a knowledge of both the dissociation and the association rate. PMID- 7237773 TI - Optimization of a mechanized amidolytic factor-X assay; influence of reaction conditions and reagents. AB - We describe the effect of pH and NaCl concentration on the activation of factor X in plasma by Russell's viper venom and on the amidolytic activity of the activated enzyme towards factor Xa-sensitive chromogenic substrates. An increasing NaCl concentration results in a decrease in the activation rate of factor X by Russell's viper venom, whereas in this step no pH effect is observed. Increasing NaCl concentrations decrease the Km and Vmax for both the factor Xa sensitive chromogenic substrates, S 2222 and S 2337. Km values were lowest between pH 7.8 and 8.6; Vmax increased with increasing pH. Comparison of NaCl and KCl in the activation step as well as in the amidolytic step shows that the observed effect is specific for Na+, not just an effect of ionic strength. No difference was detected between activation by the crude venom or its purified factor X-activating enzyme. Also, values with the substrates S 2222 or S 2337 were the same in the mechanized amidolytic factor X assay. PMID- 7237774 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 with the centrifugal analyzer after immunochemical removal of other isoenzymes. AB - We describe a centrifugal analyzer method for measuring the LD-1 isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) in serum, after immunochemical precipitation of the other four isoenzymes. Enzymic activity was measured kinetically at 30 degrees C with the pyruvate-to-lactate assay. The method for LD-1 was linear to 1000 U/L. The precision (CV) of the assay was 1.0--2.2% within-run and 3.1--4.5% day-to-day. The reference interval was 26--73 U/L (n = 51), corresponding to 21- 35% of total LD activity. PMID- 7237775 TI - Colorimetric method for free fatty acids in serum validated by comparison with gas chromatography. AB - We compared results by a simplified colorimetric copper-soap method for serum free fatty acids (Clin, Chem. 19: 419, 1973, modified) with those by a gas- liquid chromatographic method. The modified method requires only 100 microliters of sample, its standard curve is linear from 0.1 to 4.0 mmol/L (reference interval for adults: 0.2 to 0.8 mmol/L), and it is suitable for use with newborns. Comparison with the gas--liquid chromatographic method (n = 51) over a wide concentration range gave a correlation coefficient of 0.989. Between-run CVs varied from 4 to 10%, analytical recoveries from 97 to 104%. Triglycerides, salicylates, hemoglobin, and anticoagulants (except citrate) do not interfere, but bilirubin and phospholipids give small positive interferences. The colorimetric assay is used, along with other routine tests, to assess lipid status and estimate kernicterus risk in neonatal intensive-care patients receiving lipid nutrition parenterally. PMID- 7237771 TI - Specific spectrophotometric assay for the M isoenzymes of pyruvate kinase in plasma samples containing mixtures of the muscle (M) and liver (L) isoenzymes. AB - Plasma pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) activity contains two major isoenzymes. The "L" type originates from liver (erythrocytes contain a similar isoenzyme), the "M" type predominantly from skeletal muscle. The diagnostic use of pyruvate kinase as an index of muscle leakage requires an assay of only the M type. An M type-selective assay for mixtures of the two isoenzymes was devised, based on the differences that the L form has a higher Km for phosphoenolpyruvate and is inhibited by about 95% by a high concentration of ADP. All relevant conditions of the assay have been examined and the reaction system has been optimized at 30 degrees C. The assay yields the expected Km values for M type pyruvate kinase. An apparent increase in activity in hemolysed plasma samples was found to be derived from leukocytes. PMID- 7237777 TI - Effect of centrifugation on fluorescence polarization of amniotic fluid. AB - Fluorescence polarization was measured on amniotic fluids of different gestational ages before and after centrifugation at relative centrifugal forces of 34 to 4955 x g. Centrifugation significantly increased the fluorescence polarization values over those of uncentrifuged amniotic fluids. The greatest increase was observed in the most "mature" fluids centrifuged at 34 to 230 x g. Almost without exception, use of centrifugal forces greater than 1239 x g did not further increase fluorescence polarization values. PMID- 7237776 TI - Automated discrete kinetic method for erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and plasma cholinesterase. AB - We describe an automated kinetic method for erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) and plasma cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) based on Ellman's colorimetric method. Quinidine sulfate is used as an inhibitor of plasma cholinesterase during the measurement of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity, obviating the need for washing the erythrocytes before lysis. Results by this method are compared with those obtained by the electrometric delta pH method of Michel. To emphasize the need for measuring both erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and plasma cholinesterase activity in workers exposed to organophosphate pesticides, we present a study of serial activities of both enzymes in a person accidentally exposed to demeton-S-methyl. PMID- 7237779 TI - Determination of testosterone in plasma from men by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, with high-resolution selected-ion monitoring and metastable peak monitoring. AB - Highly specific methods are described for determining testosterone in plasma or serum from men. Extract fractions obtained by selective isolation procedures are converted to tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) oximes/TBDMS ethers or methyl oximes/TBDMS ethers and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the high-resolution selected-ion monitoring or metastable peak-monitoring modes. [2H3]Testosterone and unlabeled 17-epitestosterone are used as the respective internal standards. When we applied the two procedures to analysis of samples of pooled plasma and serum used for external quality assessment of routine assays, the results agreed well. Interlaboratory values for mean concentrations obtained by routine immunoassays (y) consistently exceeded values obtained by our technique (x), although the values closely correlated (r = 0.997; y = 1.008x + 0.564 nmol/L). PMID- 7237778 TI - Aluminum concentrations in serum of hemodialysis patients. AB - Aluminum has been implicated in the etiology of the progressive dialytic encephalopathy. Data are presented on samples taken from patients on maintenance hemodialysis, during treatment. Aluminum was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy. Hemodialysis had no significant effect on serum aluminum concentrations, which ranged from 27 to 254 micrograms of Al per liter (1.00 to 9.42 mumol/L). Isolated ultrafiltration removed part of the serum aluminum, but most remained bound to a nonfiltrable component. These results are evaluated in the light of present knowledge concerning dialysis dementia. PMID- 7237780 TI - Response-surface-optimized, zinc-enhanced assay for serum alkaline phosphatase. AB - An optimized assay for alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) is reported. A discrete analyzer, the DuPont Automatic Clinical Analyzer (aca), was used for this study. The assay is based on results of response-surface experimental co-optimization techniques, and response is enhanced over the present aca assay. A key feature is the incorporation of zinc ions, both to fully optimize the assay and to reduce the sensitivity of measured activity to zinc-binding impurities in the buffer, 2 amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. In addition, a simple technique is described for measuring relative concentrations of zinc-binding impurities in this buffer. These features should be considered in the design of any assay for alkaline phosphatase that is based on p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate and 2-amino-2 methyl-1-propanol as buffer. PMID- 7237781 TI - Spectrophotometric assay for urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity. AB - An improved assay for N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in urine is described that involves (a) gel filtration to separate the enzyme from inhibitors in urine, (b) enzymic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide at pH 4.4, and (c) spectrophotometry of the liberated p-nitrophenylate. Measurements of activity of the enzyme in 58 urine specimens correlated closely (r = 0.9998) with results by an established procedure. The within-run coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.7%; the between-run CV averaged 6.8%. Reference values for the activity were established by assays of urine specimens from 135 healthy persons, age two weeks to 52 years. Efficacy of the assay for detection of nephrotoxicity was demonstrated in rats after experimental induction of reversible renal insufficiency by intraperitoneal injection of nickel chloride. Clinical application of the assay in approximately 1000 patients corroborated its utility for detection and monitoring of renal disorders. PMID- 7237783 TI - Differential assay for urinary catecholamines by use of liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AB - I describe a relatively simple and rapid procedure for quantitative analysis for unconjugated urinary norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Catecholamines are isolated from urine on a carboxylic acid ion-exchange resin (Bio-Rex 70) and eluted with 0.8 mol/L boric acid. The eluates are assayed for the individual catecholamines by "high-performance" liquid chromatography with an octadecylsilane reversed-phase column and 10 mmol/L perchloric acid-acetonitrile (99/1) as the mobile phase. The catecholamines are detected by measuring their intrinsic fluorescence on excitation at 200 nm. The method is highly reproducible, the coefficient of variation for normal concentrations in urine being 4.4% for norepinephrine, 8.8% for epinephrine, and 4.8% for dopamine. Moreover, it appears to be practically free of interference by drugs or endogenous compounds in urine. The range of catecholamine concentrations found in 143 hypertensive patients agrees well with previous studies. PMID- 7237782 TI - Reversed-phase C18 cartridge for extraction of estrogens from urine and plasma. AB - We describe a simple method for extraction of estrogens that is efficient over the whole polarity range of estrogen metabolites in urine and plasma. A small reversed-phase C18 cartridge (Sep-Pak C18, Waters Associates, Inc.) is used for this purpose. After application of the biological fluid, followed by an aqueous wash, estrogens are eluted in 3 mL of methanol. For urine the pH should be kept at 3 before the methanol elution. When estrogens are extracted from plasma, the steroid-protein interaction is counteracted by the presence of triethylammonium sulfate and D-norgestrel at pH 5. The recoveries of added 3H-labeled estrogens are essentially quantitative. The capacity of the column is high and estrogens can be extracted from large volumes of pregnancy urine without loss in the washing water. Because of the high flow rate (2 mL/min) and the small volume of methanol in which the estrogens are eluted, the whole procedure is convenient and rapid. PMID- 7237784 TI - Automated particle-counting immunoassay for digoxin. AB - We describe a non-radioisotopic automated immunoassay for serum digoxin in the therapeutic range at 50 samples per hour by use of the particle-counting immunoassay technique and a special reagent, rheumatoid factor. Digoxin is determined by evaluating its inhibitory activity on the agglutination of digoxin coated latex particles. The agglutinating system consists of the anti-digoxin IgG mixed with rheumatoid factor. This anti-IgG autoantibody reacts with IgG when they are aggregated or bound to a surface. Interference by serum proteins was prevented by pepsin digestion at 37 degrees C. Correlation with radioimmunoassay was r = 0.94 for 109 samples with concentrations between 0 and 5.7 micrograms/L. Analytical recovery overall averaged 102%. Within-assay precision (CV) ranged from 12.5% at 0.96 micrograms/L to 4.4% at 2.97 micrograms/L; between-assay precision varied from 8.4% at 0.75 micrograms/L to 5.8% at 2.92 micrograms/L. PMID- 7237785 TI - Determination of clovoxamine concentration in human plasma by electron capture gas chromatography. AB - The antidepressant drug clovoxamine can be specifically and sensitively quantitated in human plasma by electron capture gas chromatography. Clovoxamine and the internal standard fluvoxamine are extracted into ethyl acetate from plasma at pH 12, back-extracted into phosphoric acid, and hydrolyzed at 90 degrees C to form ketone derivatives, which are then re-extracted into hexane for injection into the chromatograph. As little as 1 microgram of clovoxamine per liter of plasma can be measured. The coefficients of variation (CV) for th analysis at concentrations of 10 and 100 micrograms/L are respectively: within run, 5.4% and 2.7%; between-run, 17.5% and 7.0%. When this assay was applied to plasma from individuals involved in an early clinical trial of clovoxamine, steady-state plasma concentrations ranged from 50 to 77 micrograms/L 3 h after a 50-mg oral dose of clovoxamine fumarate. PMID- 7237786 TI - Further studies on plasma proteins, lipids, and dye- and drug-binding in a child with analbuminemia. AB - A previously reported patient with analbuminemia was re-investigated after 4 1/2 years, at age 6. The serum albumin concentration was 150 mg/L by radioimmunoassay. Most of the observed increase in total plasma protein over the 4 1/2 years was attributable to gamma-globulin. Concentrations of total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were increased; the esterified:free ratio and the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity were both normal. Albumin is apparently not essential for binding of lysolecithin generated by the acyltransferase-catalyzed reaction. The binding of bromphenol blue suggested that analbuminemic serum has about 25% of normal binding capacity for bilirubin (more than expected in a patient with analbuminemia), which may explain why newborns with this disorder do not develop kernicterus. Binding by the patient's plasma of diazepam (1020 mg/L) and warfarin (1040 mg/L), which bind primarily to albumin, as well as of propranolol (1.05 g/L), which binds primarily to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, was also studied. The proportions of free diazepam (14.4%) and warfarin (4.8%) were about 10-fold normal. In contrast, the proportion of propranolol in the free form was decreased (4.5%). Evidently, other plasma proteins are partly compensating for the deficiency of albumin. PMID- 7237788 TI - Response monitoring and action limits: use of ADC numbers in understanding the operational characteristics of the Beckman ASTRA chemistry system. AB - The Beckman ASTRA is a microprocessor-controlled multichannel chemistry analyzer. The output of each module is available to the operator as analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) numbers, which we record during each calibration (Response Monitoring). After so studying three instruments for a total of 33 months, we have established limits for Calibrator ADC numbers that indicate possible operator action (Action Limits). These Action Limits are tighter than the microprocessor's programmed limits, and alert the operator to short- and long term drift. These tighter limits warn of (a) impending failure of the instrument to calibrate or (b) possible inaccuracies in results for patients. We have instituted changes in preventive maintenance based on our studies of each module's operational characteristics, and have replaced electrodes that failed to meet our Response Monitoring specifications. Response Monitoring and Action Limits based upon ADC numbers have significantly enhanced our understanding of the ASTRA system and thus improved its operational efficiency and analytical reliability. Estimates of precision and accuracy (true value) were satisfactory in comparison to our prior single-channel continuous-flow and flame photometry analytical measurement systems. PMID- 7237787 TI - Plasma lipoprotein analysis: relative precision of total cholesterol and lipoprotein-cholesterol measurements in 12 lipid-research-clinics laboratories. PMID- 7237789 TI - Precision of "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic assays with sample pretreatment. Error analysis for the Technicon "FAST-LC" system. AB - A comprehensive theory has been presented elsewhere (Anal. Chem. 53: 877-884, 1981) for the various contributions to assay imprecision in procedures that are based on sample extraction followed by "high-performance" liquid chromatography. Experimental data (1800 assays, 8400 results) for the Technicon FAST-LC system are used with this theory in an effort to understand and control the precision of clinical-laboratory procedures, both automated and manual. This study provides specific conclusions and recommendations on matters such as: standardization procedures and protocols, physical properties requires in internal standards, the relative importance of different sources of imprecision and means for improving precision, the relative importance of temperature control in pretreatment and liquid-chromatographic analysis, and the precision obtainable with small sample volumes or with samples containing very low concentrations of analyte (e.g., in assays for free drugs). Automation evidently can lead to twofold greater assay precision, other factors being equal, for liquid-chromatographic procedures that include sample pretreatment. Similarly, internal standardization, properly applied, can decrease assay imprecision by twofold. PMID- 7237790 TI - Determination of serum 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone by liquid chromatography. AB - 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol, and 11-deoxycortisol were extracted with methylene chloride, separated by liquid chromatography, identified by their retention times, and quantitated by monitoring the absorbance at 254 nm. The method is specific and sensitive to as little as 2.5 ng of 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone. Mean analytical recovery of added 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone was 99% (SD 11%) and the CV for the same or different assays ranged from 3.5 to 9.4%. 6 beta-Hydroxyprogesterone was used as the internal standard. Concentrations of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in serum of normal men and women were less than 2.5 micrograms/L, but women in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle had higher values. Mean 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone content in serum from mixed cord blood of normal newborns was 28.1 (SD 13.8) micrograms/L. Results by this method correlated well (r = 0.97) with results by radioimmunoassay, but were somewhat higher. PMID- 7237791 TI - Evaluation of a commercial kit for microchromatographic quantitation of hemoglobin A2 in the presence of hemoglobin S. AB - Commercial microcolumns introduced in 1976 by Helena Laboratories ("Hb A2 Quik Column") and by Isolab, Inc. ("Quik-Sep") provide a rapid, simple, accurate method for quantitation of hemoglobin A2 (Hb A2). However, these kits cannot be used for the quantitation of Hb A2 in the presence of slow-moving variants such as Hb S. Recently, Isolab, Inc., produced a new kit ("Quik-Sep Improved Hb A2 Test") for quantitation of both Hb A2 and Hb S. We compared results obtained with the new Isolab kit to results obtained with the original Tris/HCl method for quantitation of Hb A2 and Hb S. Blood was drawn from persons with sickle cell trait (A/S), sickle cell anemia (S/S), sickle cell/beta+ thalassemia (S/beta+ thal) and sickle cell/beta 0 thalassemia (S/beta 0 thal) and percentages of Hb A2 and Hb S were determined by each method. We found no significant differences in Hb A2 percentages by the two methods, and the coefficients of variation were similar. Both methods showed only slight overlap of Hb A2 values from subjects with some form of beta thalassemia and those with A/S or S/S. However, the Tris/HCl method consistently gave values for Hb S that were higher and closer to those expected, suggesting that the Isolab kit does not accurately quantitate Hb S. PMID- 7237792 TI - Thin-layer chromatography, with fluorescence detection, of benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants in serum from emergency-room patients. AB - We describe a rapid, sensitive procedure for detecting benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants in serum. After the compounds are adsorbed on charcoal and eluted with an organic solvent mixture, the drugs are thin-layer chromatographed and detected by their fluorescence. Because it is so fast and easy (turn-around time of about 1 h), the method can be used for emergency toxicology screening. An analysis requires 1.0 mL of serum, and the limit of detection for each of the drugs is about 0.75 mg/L. The procedure is sensitive enough to allow the use of serum instead of urine for the detection of these drugs, because serum has certain advantages over urine as the sample and better reflects the state of the patient's toxicity. PMID- 7237793 TI - Evaluation of a method for enzymic radiochemical assay of tobramycin and amikacin in serum. AB - This enzymic radiochemical procedure for measuring tobramycin and amikacin in serum is based on the transfer of the 14C-acetyl group from [14C]acetyl-coenzyme A to the 6' nitrogen atom of the drug by the enzyme kanamycin 6' acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.55). The transfer, stoichiometric and quantitative, is complete after 10-min incubation at 37 degrees C. The labeled acetylaminoglycoside is adsorbed onto phosphocellulose paper discs, which are washed to removed any unreacted [14C]acetyl-coenzyme A. The radioactivity is then eluted into liquid scintillation counting vials and counted for 1 min each. The assay detects as little as 2 ng of either drug and the standard curve is linear into the toxic range of concentrations. Most of the commonly administered aminoglycosides act as substrates in the assay, except for the C1 component of gentamicin C complex. Neither hemolysis, lipemia, nor icterus interfere with the assay. Results compare favorably with those determined by radioimmunoassay and a microbiological method. PMID- 7237794 TI - Labile glycosylated hemoglobin contributes to hemoglobin A1 as measured by liquid chromatography or electrophoresis. AB - The utility of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) measurement as an index of chronic control in diabetes can be adversely affected by interference from a labile glycosylated fraction that changes rapidly with acute changes in blood glucose concentration. I used a "high-pressure" liquid-chromatographic assay and a newly developed electrophoretic assay to quantitate the contribution of this labile fraction. If erythrocytes are incubated at 22 degrees C in isotonic saline for 12 h before hemolysis, the labile fraction is eliminated. Its contribution is similar as measured by both assays: 2-3.5% of total HbA1 in normal cells and 7 9.5% in diabetic cells. A 3-h incubation of erythrocytes with glucose produces acute changes in apparent HbA1 concentrations by both assays, but such changes can be eliminated by the incubation in saline. Although current methods are time consuming, the labile glycosylated hemoglobin must be removed when the sample is prepared for HbA1 measurement by liquid chromatography and electrophoresis if results are not to be factitiously high. PMID- 7237795 TI - Ionized calcium analyzer with a built-in pH correction. AB - We describe a new semi-automated apparatus for simultaneously measuring the concentration of free calcium ion and of hydrogen ion (pH) at 37 degrees C. The sample volume is 110 microL. In addition to the actual values for these concentrations in the sample, the apparatus calculates the concentration of free calcium ion at pH 7.40. Mean values for serum from 51 fasting bedridden patients without calcium metabolic disorders and 64 fasting hospital employees were 1.192 and 1.232 mmol/L, respectively, with SD of 0.042 and 0.040 mmol/L, respectively. The within-series analytical SD was 12 mumol/L and the day-to-day SD of the pH corrected concentration of free calcium ion was 21 mumol/L, as calculated from measurements made on a serum pool after equilibration with a CO2--air mixture. The mean dependency on pH as determined in 120 consecutive patients' sera equalled the built-in pH correction. The accuracy was evaluated by comparison with other calcium ion-selective electrodes. PMID- 7237796 TI - Urinary metanephrines as measured by liquid chromatography with an on-line post column reaction detector. AB - In this method for measuring metanephrine and normetanephrine in urine, they are freed from their conjugates by hydrolysis in acid, neutralized, and isolated on a cation-exchange resin. Both metanephrines are co-eluted with ammoniacal methanol and the eluate is concentrated 10-fold with respect to the original urine volume by evaporation and reconstitution. The recovered metanephrines ae separated by reversed-phase (C18) "high-pressure" liquid chromatography with use of a mobile phase consisting of 10 mmol/L trichloroacetate, pH 2.7, containing 30 mL of acetonitrile per liter. The metanephrines are detected at 365 nm after being converted to vanillin in a post-column reaction with alkaline periodate. Total metanephrine values for most patients were appreciably lower than values obtained by the comparison procedure, that of Pisano (Clin. Chim. Acta 5: 406, 1970); however, results obtained by the two methods for two patients with pheochromocytomas agreed well. PMID- 7237797 TI - The triiodothyronine uptake test: an assessment of methods. AB - How well the free thyroxine index reflects thyroid functional status depends on the degree to which the triiodothyronine uptake test normalizes the effects of thyroxine binding protein concentrations on the total thyroxine concentration. We examined eight triiodothyronine uptake tests in which were used different secondary binders representative of those available in commercial kits. The relation between triiodothyronine uptake and thyroxine-binding globulin concentrations was established by use of sera from euthyroid individuals. We examined the effects of both high (greater than 20 mg/L) and low (less than 10 mg/L) thyroxine-binding globulin concentrations on triiodothyronine uptake. The precision of each assay, expressed as within- and between-run coefficient of variation, was calculated from multiple measurements on high, low, and midrange triiodothyronine uptake serum pools. The effects of variation in temperature and in exposure times were examined. The clinical most useful assays exhibited the ability to reflect a wide range of thyroxine-binding globulin concentrations and demonstrated little or no time or temperature effects. PMID- 7237798 TI - Three commercial immunoradiometric "kit" assays for serum ferritin evaluated. AB - We evaluated three commercially available immunoradiometric assays for serum ferritin, with particular emphasis on the statistical validity of the results. The data show that it was unusual (a) for dose/response relationships of the standards to be linear over the whole concentration range suggested by the manufacturers and (b) for dose/response relationships of test sera to parallel those of the standards. These findings cast doubt on the ability of any of the assays reliably to discriminate small differences in ferritin concentrations. Nevertheless, all three methods gave reproducible results, but this reflects technical expertise rather than accuracy of the results per se. The method based on liver ferritin as tracer detected less of the iron-binding protein than those based on spleen ferritin, despite significant cross reactivity of the two antibodies. PMID- 7237799 TI - Assay for 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol in human urine by gas chromatography, with electron capture detection. AB - We describe a gas-chromatographic method, with electron capture detection, for determining 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol in human urine. High sensitivity (5 pg per injection), recovery (93-97%), and reproducibility (CV 4.3%) are obtained. By this method, the 24-h urinary excretion of the free compound, the sulfate conjugate, the glucuronide conjugate, and the total in six normal male subjects average 0.15 (SEM 0.015), 1.09 (SEM 0.10), 1.22 (SEM 0.10), and 2.34 (SEM 0.21) mg, respectively. In three young women with amenorrhea/hirsutism, administration of dexamethasone decreased the total excretion of the compound. PMID- 7237800 TI - Plasma glucose concentrations of whole blood, as determined with a multilayer film analytical element. AB - A new type of multilayer film analytical element--consisting of a spreading layer, a blocking layer, an enzymic reagent layer, and a transparent layer--has been developed for blood glucose determination. After a spot of whole blood is dropped on the film, the plasma glucose concentration is determined in 6 min without further manipulations. Precise measurement of sample volume spotted on the film is not necessary for good results, nor is knowledge of the hematocrit in the range 10-46%. The minimum concentration of glucose detectable by this method is 100 mg/L. The coefficients of variation, within-run and between-run, were all less than 2.5% for 800-4000 mg/L glucose concentrations. Macromolecules and hydrophobic substances in blood did not interfere. This method seems suitable for emergency use, especially. PMID- 7237801 TI - Complementary use of amperometric and spectrophotometric detection for concurrent monitoring of serum tryptophan metabolites by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. AB - We describe an improved reversed-phase liquid-chromatographic method for concurrent measurement of tryptophan and eight of its metabolites in serum. These were separated by gradient elution and detected both by ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm and amperometrically at an oxidation potential of +0.700 V vs Ag/Cl. Detection limits for the electrochemically-detected compounds were between 100 pg and 1.0 ng, and approximately 1-5 ng for the ultraviolet-absorbing compounds. Analytical recovery of the compounds after deproteinization (by ultrafiltration) varied between 65 and 95%. As little as 500 microL of serum is required. No interference(s) from other naturally occurring serum constituents were encountered. This highly sensitive method is relatively fast and offers a useful tool for diagnosis and treatment of diseases involving derangement in tryptophan metabolism. PMID- 7237802 TI - Feasibility of measuring free and total bilirubin electrochemically in serum. AB - Bilirubin undergoes irreversible reduction at the hanging-mercury-drop electrode in tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine buffer (0.1 mol/L, pH 8.5). Peak current is linearly related to concentration in the range 0-1 mg/L. The half-wave potential of -1.32 V vs the saturated calomel electrode is little affected by pH, whereas peak current increases with pH to pH 9.5, then decreases rapidly. Exposing the test solution to light causes the peak current to decline at a rate proportional to concentration. Albumin-bound bilirubin is electrochemically inactive, so free bilirubin can be measured in the presence of bilirubin-saturated albumin. Serum total bilirubin can be measured after much of the protein is precipitated by adding methanol. Results for serum bilirubin as measured electrochemically (y) in 20 methanolic filtrates of serum compared well with the Jendrassik-Grof Method (x) in preliminary studies: y = 0.981x -0.311; r = 0.9716. We discuss the possible mechanism of the reduction process and potential clinical applications. Polarographic measurement of bilirubin and bilirubin-binding capacity is feasible and may be advantageous as compared with existing techniques. PMID- 7237803 TI - Charcoal hemoperfusion for treatment of carbamazepine poisoning. AB - We report a case of carbamazepine (Tegretol) poisoning that was treated with charcoal hemoperfusion. When admitted, the patient was comatose and required ventilatory support. Hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal successfully decreased her serum carbamazepine concentration from 60 mg/L to 36 mg/L within 2 h, with subsequent clinical improvement. Approximately 39 h would have been required to obtain this decrease via the patient's inherent elimination rate. Activated charcoal hemoperfusion may be useful as an adjunctive therapy for patients in advanced comatose states with associated respiratory depression and potentially fatal outcome. PMID- 7237804 TI - Ferritin cutoff value altered. PMID- 7237805 TI - Urinary protein measurement by the Coomassie Blue dye-binding method adapted to the ABA-100 Bichromatic Analyzer. PMID- 7237806 TI - Determination of ester cholesterol in serum. PMID- 7237808 TI - Properties of different gel-filtration systems used for the purification of 125I labeled bovine parathyrin. PMID- 7237807 TI - Cooperation between the clinical laboratory and the dietician: keeping track of sodium in low-sodium diets. PMID- 7237809 TI - Technique for removal of radioactive components from aqueous radioactive wastes. PMID- 7237811 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme artifact in plasma electrophoresis. PMID- 7237810 TI - Using phenothiazines to detect micro amounts of blood in urine. PMID- 7237812 TI - Evaluation of method-comparison data. PMID- 7237814 TI - Erroneous reference to a candidate reference method. PMID- 7237813 TI - Chemical distinctions among body fluids. PMID- 7237815 TI - Increased fractional excretion of sodium in prerenal azotemia: need for careful interpretation. PMID- 7237816 TI - Interference by fluorescein with the single end-point determination of creatinine by use of the Jaffe reaction. PMID- 7237817 TI - Cross reactivity in theophylline RIA kit decreased. PMID- 7237818 TI - Creatine kinase isoenzymes in serum of a patient with gall-bladder cancer. PMID- 7237819 TI - The alkaline phosphatase-lipoprotein X complex. PMID- 7237820 TI - Multiple molecular forms of human cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase. AB - Human liver cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase was found to exhibit five subforms with isoelectric points of 5.15, 5.30, 5.45, 5.60, and 5.80. Treatment with neuraminidase did not affect their electrophoretic mobility. The immunochemical and steady-state kinetic properties of the subforms were identical. Heat treatment increased the proportion of acidic subforms, but all forms were present in fresh tissue. 2-Mercaptoethanol or inhibitors of proteolysis failed to protect against the formation of the subforms with lower isoelectric points. Multiple molecular forms with similar properties were found for the enzyme of human erythrocytes. This evidence is consistent with deamidation of asparaginyl or glutaminyl residues as the origin of the multiple forms. Human mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase presented as a single molecular form with an isoelectric point of 9.7. PMID- 7237821 TI - Abnormality of oral ursodeoxycholic acid tolerance test in the Dubin-Johnson syndrome. AB - Serial measurement of serum bile acid levels before and after oral administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was performed in 10 patients with Dubin-Johnson acid levels were significantly elevated in the patients compared with the controls (p less than 0.05). Oral UDCA tolerance studies revealed impaired bile acid clearance from serum in the patients and showed markedly increased serum bile acid levels 120 min after administration (p less than 0.01). These results indicate that some DJS patients have abnormal bile clearance which may be attributable to defects in hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of bile acids. PMID- 7237822 TI - Comparison of levels of cytosol estrogen receptors with "arterial" and "venous" concentrations of gonadic steroids in mammary tumors. AB - Plasma steroid concentrations measured in the post-menopausal women with breast cancer showed a close correlation between the various androgens. The post menopausal women exhibited a correlation between estrogen receptors (ER) and "arterial" 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels in the breast. ER levels expressed as a function of plasma (arterial) steroid (P/17 P) molar concentration ratio were distributed within a hyperbola, suggesting the existence of a control mechanism for breast cell ER levels. PMID- 7237823 TI - The assay of arlesterase in serum using two new colorimetric substrates, omega nitrostyrylacetate and propionate. AB - (1) The synthesis of 4-acetoxy-3-methoxy-omega-nitrostyrene and 4-propionyloxy-3 methoxy-omega-nitrostyrene as substrates for the assay of arylesterase activity is described. These substrates are stable when stored in the dark for at least one year. (2) Serum isolated from normal males and females aged between 25 and 35 years was used as a source of esterase activity. (3) The chromophore (4-hydroxy-3 methoxy-omega-nitrostyrene) absorbs at 505 nm and has a molar extinction coefficient of 26 800 in sodium carbonate/bicarbonate buffer, pH 9.5. (4) Both acetate and propionate substrates are more soluble in aqueous alcohol than in water or buffer alone and the substrates were therefore prepared in 10% methanol. Since some non-enzymic hydrolysis occurs at 37 degrees C, assays were carried out at 30 degrees C. Details of both single point and reaction rate assay procedures are described. (5) The properties of the arylesterases were determined in human serum using the single point and reaction rate assays. The data are similar to those previously described for these esterases using well-established procedures. (6) The assays described using the omega-nitrostyryl acetate and propionate substrates are simple to perform and can be readily adapted for use in the clinical chemistry laboratory. Large numbers of samples can be rapidly assayed with the minimum number of manipulative steps. PMID- 7237824 TI - alpha-D-mannosidases in serum of patients with I-cell disease (ICD). AB - The specific activity of alpha-D-mannosidase in serum of ICD-patients is considerably increased due to increased amounts of the component with optimal activity at pH 4.6 (acidic form). The intermediate form with pH optimum of 6.0 remains unaltered. These conclusions were reached by using optimal conditions for differential assay of the alpha-D-mannosidases checked by partial separation of the components in serum by sucrose gradient centrifugation. PMID- 7237825 TI - On the composition of capillary and venous blood serum. AB - The concentrations of various clinical-chemical substances in the capillary and venous blood serum of apparently healthy adults (20-30 yr) were examined in the fasting state. Total protein, bilirubin, calcium, sodium and chloride concentrations were significantly lower (less than or equal to 5%) in capillary than in venous serum. In non-hemolytic capillary sera, the concentration of potassium was nearly the same as in venous samples. Inorganic phosphorus and urea concentrations were identical in both specimens. There was a tendency for glucose concentrations to be higher in capillary than in venous serum. It is concluded that capillary and venous blood serum can be used interchangeably only for certain purposes. It should be emphasized that these results are valid for apparently healthy adults in the fasting state; other population samples remain to be investigated. PMID- 7237826 TI - Improvement of the thiobarbituric acid assay for serum glycosylprotein determination. AB - This study shows that the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction as applied to the measurement of non-enzymatically glycosylated serum proteins(s) [1], yields erroneous results unless strictly standardized conditions are followed. Critical points are in particular (a) the concentrations of NaBH4 required for the preparation of the blanks by reduction of the ketoamine linkages; (b) the amounts of protein which should be identical in all serum samples to be compared; (c) dialysis for removal of glucose and NaBH4 prior to hydrolysis; (d) increase in the yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by appropriate conditions of hydrolysis. From our data obtained with an improved TBA-assay it appears that about 90% of total glycosylated serum protein is accounted for by glycosylated albumin. Thus changes in the latter used for diagnostic purposes in diabetes, may well be reflected by total serum glycosylprotein measurement. PMID- 7237827 TI - A modified assay method for determining serotonin uptake in human platelets. AB - Effects of various experimental conditions on serotonin (5-HT) uptake in human platelets were examined. The experimental design allowed the evaluation of the effect of diffusion and other non-saturable processes on the affinity and maximum activity of the membrane pump for 5-HT uptake. Total 5-HT uptake was determined by incubating platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with increasing concentrations of serotonin at 37 degrees C for 4 min. The passive uptake was measured by the addition of various 5-HT concentrations to PRP in buffer at 37 degrees C, followed by immediate transfer to an ice-cold water bath. The difference between the total and passive uptake was linear for 6 min. The affinity (Km) for active platelet serotonin uptake was 0.45 +/- 0.09 mumol/l and maximal rate of uptake (V) was 10.7 +/- 2.1 pmol/10(7) platelets/min. The described method provides a convenient and reliable measure of active 5-HT uptake suitable for clinical investigation. The effect of passive diffusion on kinetic parameters is discussed. PMID- 7237829 TI - Blood components in a 70-year-old population. AB - The concentrations of many blood components change with age, and the aim of the present study was to determine, at the age of 70, the concentrations of blood components commonly used in clinical routine, and to examine how the exclusion of probands with disease influenced their distribution. In connection with a longitudinal population study "70-year-old people in Goteborg" 30 blood components have been analyzed in a representative sample of 973 70-year-old men and women. 29% of the probands were found to be without definable disease or treatment for presumed disease. Concentrations of 13 components were found to have a gaussian distribution which was not altered after the exclusion of probands with definable disease. Three components were asymmetrically distributed in the total material and showed a normal distribution with decreased concentrations at the 97.8% level after the exclusion of probands with definable disease. The remaining 14 components had asymmetrically distributed concentrations both in the total material and in the subjects without definable diseases. For blood components with normally distributed concentrations in the probands without definable disease, acceptable reference values could be obtained without exclusion of sick probands. For asymmetrically distributed blood components the concentration at the 97.8% level usually decreased more, after exclusion of probands with definable disease, the more asymmetric the distribution was. Examples of reference intervals are (men and women) B-Hb: 130- 171 and 119--159 g/l, S-iron: 6--29 and 5--28 mumol/l, S-creatinine: 52--110 and 44--100 mumol/l, P-cholesterol: 3.6--9.2 and 4.6--9.7 mmol/l, P-B12: 50--350 and 65--390 pmol/l, B-ESR: 1--30 and 2--34 mm/h and B-glucose: 4.0--7.2 and 4.0--6.8 mmol/l. PMID- 7237828 TI - Three atypical serum creatine kinases in a patient with carcinoma of the colon. AB - Three electrophoretically atypical creatine kinase (CK) bands were found simultaneously in the serum of a patient with terminal carcinoma of the colon. The atypical CKs were found at the cathodal side of CK-MB (CK-X1), at a sample application point (CK-X2), and at the anodal side of CK-MM (CK-X3) on agar plates. Our data seemed to suggest that CK-X1 was predominantly a CK-IgA/beta lipoprotein complex, CK-X3 was a CK-IgG complex, and CK-X2 was macromolecular, different from both CK-X1 and CK-X3. The light chains of IgA and IgG were both of the lambda type. All native isoenzymes comprising these atypical CKs were identified as MM type. There was no change of the electrophoretic pattern of serum CK isoenzymes throughout the course of the study. PMID- 7237830 TI - Evaluation of total and specific IgE determinations in normal children and children suffering from asthmatic bronchitis with suspected allergic disease. AB - In young children with suspected allergic disease skin testing might to some extent be replaced by total and specific IgE determinations. Total IgE levels could be determined in these cases by the paper radioimmunosorbent test (PRIST) and be related to one's own reference values. Elevated total IgE levels have some predictive meaning for the occurrence of positive radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) in allergic disorders. Therefore, if total IgE and specific IgE determinations are performed routinely, the RAST panel applied should be minimized to three or four allergens and should be performed only when related to the clinical history. This will be exemplified with the sera of children suffering from asthmatic bronchitis with suspected allergic disease. PMID- 7237831 TI - High density lipoprotein subfractions in relation to lipoprotein lipase activity of tissues in man--evidence for reciprocal regulation of HDL2 and HDL3 levels by lipoprotein lipase. AB - High density lipoprotein subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 were separated from plasma of 22 normolipidemic healthy human subjects and analyzed for cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and protein. In the same subjects the heparin releasable lipoprotein lipase activity was assayed from biopsies of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. A significant inverse correlation was found between the plasma concentrations of HDL2 and HDL3 (4= -0.55, p less than 0.01). The HDL2 cholesterol and HDL2 phospholipid levels were negatively correlated with HDL3 protein levels. The total HDL2 and HDL2 cholesterol, phospholipid and protein concentrations were all positively correlated with lipoprotein lipase activity of both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. In contrast, the corresponding HDL3 values did not show any correlation with adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase but the HDL3 cholesterol, triglyceride and protein levels were inversely correlated with skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity. The results suggest that plasma HDL2 and HDL3 concentrations are reciprocally regulated by the activity of lipoprotein lipase. THe data are compatible with a concept proposing conversion of HDL3 to HDL2 through assimilation of cholesterol, phospholipids and apoproteins from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during their degradation by lipoprotein lipase. Particularly the concentration of the HDL2 is closely related to the rat of intravascular lipolysis. PMID- 7237832 TI - Use of leukocytes in diagnosis of Krabbe disease and detection of carriers. AB - The optimal conditions for the assay of the cerebroside-beta-galactosidase deficiency in Krabbe disease were studied. Labelled galactosylceramides and lactosylceramides isolated from natural sources were both suitable substrates provided that the lipophilic moieties were identical in labelled and unlabelled portions. Galactosylceramides and lactosylceramides with uniform fatty acid compositions were also tested. The highest specific cerebroside-beta galactosidase activities were obtained with N-palmitoyl galactosyl- and lactosylceramides. The chromogenic substrate 2-hexadecanoyl-amino-4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (HNGal) was shown to be an unreliable substrate requiring large amounts of enzyme protein and giving false normal results. Krabbe disease was diagnosed in 45 patients. With galactosylceramides as substrates the residual cerebroside-beta-galactosidase activity was 7%, with lactosylceramides 8%, and there was no overlap in enzyme activity between the 45 patients and 42 parents. Approximately 50% of the obligate carriers had values within the range for the normal controls, independently of which substrate was used. PMID- 7237833 TI - The chemistry of the diacetyl monoxime assay of urea in biological fluids. PMID- 7237834 TI - Creatine kinase isoenzyme activity in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma from a patient with a fatal bacterial meningitis. PMID- 7237835 TI - Serum concentration of procollagen-III-peptide in comparison with the serum activity of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase for diagnosis of the activity of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic active liver diseases. PMID- 7237836 TI - Modification of the 14C triolein breath test. PMID- 7237837 TI - Comparison of "recommended" phosphotungstate/magnesium and heparin/manganese precipitation techniques for the estimation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. PMID- 7237838 TI - Urinary polyamines in preterm infants. AB - Polyamines were determined in urine of 22 preterm infants (mean 30.0 weeks gestation) from birth to 22 weeks of age, and in full-term infants in the first week of life. A significant decline in urine putrescine and spermidine levels occurred with increased postnatal age in preterm infants. At expected term preterm infants had significantly higher levels of polyamines in urine than full term infants at the same postconceptional age. No constant correlations between weight or linear growth velocity and urinary polyamine excretion could be established in this group of infants. Altered urine polyamine values were detected in two clinical situations: hyperbilirubinemia was associated with increased urine spermidine (and with increased spermidine/putrescine ratio), and liver disease was associated with increased levels of both putrescine and spermidine in urine. PMID- 7237839 TI - 3-Hydroxyisoheptanoic acid: a new metabolite in isovaleric acidemia. PMID- 7237840 TI - An improved gas chromatographic method for the detection and quantitation of mercaptans in blood. PMID- 7237841 TI - Structural or functional heterogeneity of normal human serum albumin, allo albumin, bisalbumin. AB - The present paper reports a comparative isoelectric focusing study of electrophoretically normal and abnormal albumins. All the albumins were purified by two different techniques (cellulose acetate electrophoresis and preparative slab isoelectric focusing), and submitted to analytical isoelectric focusing before and after incubation with either metabolites or drugs. Isoelectric focusing patterns show general heterogeneity, both in normal and in any of the observed alloalbumins. The heterogeneity is increased in bisalbumins (drug or metabolite induced), showing the same electrophoretic pattern as alloalbumins. The differences are related to the amount of the ligands. The results agree with the hypothesis that the heterogeneity depends on the structure and the carrier function of albumin. PMID- 7237842 TI - Changes in high density lipoprotein subfractions and other lipoproteins by exercise. AB - Seventeen previously sedentary men (aged 30-45) were exercised approximately twice weekly over a 10-week period during which time there was a significant fall in low density lipoprotein cholesterol, but total high density lipoprotein (HDL) did not change. The subfraction HDL2 showed an initial fall at two weeks of training with a subsequent rise above the baseline by 10 weeks. HDL3 cholesterol tended to change in an opposite direction to HDL2 thus accounting for no significant change in total HDL cholesterol. Smoking or drinking habits did not change throughout the study. As body weights did not change significantly through the study, energy intake must have increased with probable increased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) production. Loss of apoprotein C-peptides from HDL2 associated with activation of lipoprotein lipase, and clearance of VLDL, could have caused redistribution of C-apoproteins between HDL3 leading to the changes seen, with the establishment of a new equilibrium with continued training by 10 weeks. PMID- 7237843 TI - Determination of delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthase activity in human bone marrow using high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the rapid and specific determination of the activity of the enzyme delta aminolaevulinic acid synthase (ALA-S) in mitochondria prepared by sonication of human bone marrow cells. After incubation with 14C-alpha-ketoglutarate the 14C delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) formed is converted to a pyrrole derivative, 2 methyl-3-carbethoxy-4-(3-propionic acid) pyrrole. This is isolated by reversed phase ion-pair chromatography on a Hypersil-SAS column with methanol-water (45:155, v/v) in the presence of 0.005 mol/l 1-heptanesulphonic acid (PIC B-7) as the mobile phase. The radioactivity of the isolated pyrrole is determined by scintillation counting. The optimal substrate concentration and pH were 0.17 mmol/l alpha-ketoglutarate and pH 7.4, with an optimal period of sonication of 18s. Under these conditions ALA production was proportional to the concentrations of erythroblasts in the initial sample and was linear with time up to 60 min. The addition of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) did not affect ALA-S activity in normal subjects. The mean ALA-S activity in 10 haematologically normal control subjects was found to be 318.8 pmol.10-6 erythroblasts.h-1 (S.D. 125.8, range 193-444.6). PMID- 7237844 TI - Variation of serum creatine kinase levels with age in normal females: implications for genetic counselling in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - We have examined the variation of creatine kinase (CK) levels with age in 206 unrelated normal females. The subjects included 75 adult women aged 15-50, 11 post-menopausal women aged 50-70 and 120 girls under 15 years of age, comprising 84 girls with idiopathic epilepsy (65 pre-menarchal and 19 post-menarchal), well controlled on various anticonvulsant combinations, and 36 normal schoolgirl volunteers (28 pre-menarchal and 8 post-menarchal). Comparison of mean and variance values showed no significant difference between the CK levels in normal and epileptic girls and the data were subsequently combined. Creatine kinase levels were significantly higher in the pre-menarchal girls than in the post menarchal girls and normal adult women. Levels were high in the first few months of life, fell during infancy and early childhood, rose rapidly in later childhood and then fell abruptly around the time of menarche. The levels then fell slowly throughout adult life but rose again after age 40. This phasic variation with age may be related to hormonal status. The use of age-specific CK ranges may have a significant effect on the carrier detection rate in Duchenne dystrophy. PMID- 7237845 TI - A rapid screening method for heavy metals in biological materials by emission spectroscopy. AB - A semi-quantitative screening method for heavy metals in biological material is described. The metals are complexed with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate and potassium sodium tartrate. The solutions are adjusted to pH 4 and then extracted into chloroform. The chloroform phase is evaporated onto a matrix mixture of lithium fluoride and graphite. The sample is analysed by direct current arc emission spectroscopy using a 3 metre grating spectrograph. The spectra are recorded on a photographic plate. The method is developed on aqueous and spiked samples and then applied to in vivo samples containing toxic levels of heavy metals. Atomic absorption spectroscopy is used to check standard concentrations and to monitor the efficiency of the extraction procedure. PMID- 7237846 TI - Drug-withdrawal syndromes, EEG and clinical aspects. PMID- 7237847 TI - Epileptic seizures induced by clonazepam. PMID- 7237848 TI - Eye closure epilepsy, report of an uncomplicated case. AB - A case of a 5 year-old male, who has uncomplicated eye closure epilepsy, is reported. Always, at the lowering of the eyelids, he presented diffuse discharges of polyspikes, accompanied by myoclonic fits. There was not loss of awareness, and this phenomenon happened both in darkness and with passive eye closure. The neurological examination was negative. Previously reported cases, all already epileptic, showed a polymorphism of triggering mechanisms such as motor or sensory processes or both together. The lowering of the eyelids is complex, and a great variety of factors must be involved in the triggering of this kind of epilepsy. PMID- 7237850 TI - Visual and auditory evoked potentials in a case of Marchiafava Bignami Disease. AB - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials and visual evoked potentials to both flash and pattern reversal stimulation were recorded in a case of clinically diagnosed Marchiafava Bignami Disease (M.B.D.) A CT scan revealed dilation of the supratentorial ventricular system and fairly extensive cortical atrophy. The brainstem potentials showed a non-specific abnormality of the N4 component, (in the region of the caudal pons) and were inconclusive. The visual evoked potentials to flash stimulation were delayed while pattern reversal responses were within normal limits. PMID- 7237849 TI - Electrocerebral inactivity as a temperature effect: unlikely as an isolated etiology. AB - Although hypothermia is a cause of occasional cerebral inactivity, it appears that this change occurs only at temperatures well below those seen in most clinical conditions, even in intensive care units. Loss of EEG activity occurs at temperatures below the room temperature in the typical hospital. With elevated temperature, decline in voltage can occur, but it would appear that total cerebral inactivity does not occur solely from hyperthermia, and that the development of such records should strongly suggest to the clinician that there is some additional problem most likely involving anoxia or inadequate vascular supply, if it is clear that drugs are not the responsible factor. Extreme temperature change is usually medically provoked if well monitored. In the very special circumstances where temperature is deliberately varied, it appears that EEG activity can be expected to persist from 66 degrees to 106 degrees F. "Electrocerebral inactivity" should raise the possibility that etiologies other than temperature effect alone are involved. PMID- 7237852 TI - Experience with nasopharyngeal electrode recording with psychiatric patients: a clinical note. PMID- 7237851 TI - "Alpha-coma" in association with generalization paroxysmal (spike-wave) activity: a case report. AB - We report a patient with a severe hypoxic encephalopathy. The electroencephalogram revealed both an "alpha-coma" pattern and generalized intermittent runs of 11/2-21/2 spikewave activity. The paroxysmal activity was suppressed by Dilantin leaving the underlying "alpha rhythm" intact. This association has only been touched upon in the past. PMID- 7237853 TI - Pathology of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx. AB - The intrinsic muscles of the larynx were exposed in each of 54 normal larynges derived from the autopsy series of a general hospital and submitted to microscopic examination. Muscle fibre alterations were found in all the posterior cricocarytenoid muscles in patients from 13 years of age on wards. In about half of the patients these changes included necrosis of segments of muscle fibres and secondary cellular reactions to this. In two cases of chronic autonomic failure with multiple system atrophy the intrinsic laryngeal muscles were similarly examined. Both cases showed a marked gross and microscopic atrophy of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles; there were also microscopic changes similar to those found in the normal population. The significance of the changes in the routine post-mortem larynges, the changes in the cases of chronic autonomic failure with multiple system atrophy and the relationship between the two are discussed. PMID- 7237854 TI - Computer analysis of electronystagmographic data. AB - Manual calculation of the parameters of nystagmus is imprecise and time consuming. Therefore, a computer program for analysis of nystagmus has been built up in our laboratory. The program is based on automatic extraction of the minimum and maximum values nystagmus. These values are stored for calculations of duration, amplitude and velocity of the fast and slow phase. The distinction between the slow and fast phase is based on the duration of the phases. The program is thus able to accept nystagmus in different directions. PMID- 7237855 TI - The use of Silastic in tympanoplasty surgery. AB - Silastic has a relatively high incidence of late complications when used as a middle ear liner in unstaged tympanoplasty procedures. This does not seem to be the case in staged procedures when it is removed at the second operation or in cases where small pieces are used to prevent refixation of the malleus or stapes. At the present time, the use of gelfilm seems to be the most acceptable alternative. PMID- 7237856 TI - Monomorphic adenomas of major salivary glands: a histologic study of 96 tumours. AB - It has been a little over a decade since monomorphic adenomas were formally recognized as a class of salivary gland tumours separable from the more common pleomorphic adenomas. This short time and a relatively low incidence, estimate at less that 2% of all salivary gland tumours, have not allowed histopathologic review of any sizable number of the tumours. The present study of 102 monomorphic adenomas; 96 in major salivary glands, establishes the histologic heterogeneity of the tumours and permits a classification based on this histologic variation as well as differences in histogenesis. For a number of the tumours, a hamartomatous deviation from stages in the normal organogenesis of salivary glands is strongly suggested. An analogous relationship exists for adenexae of the skin and their tumours. Identification of 12 tumours bearing a striking resemblance to dermal eccrine cylindromas carries the analogy further. Given the acceptance of the classification and time, a correlation of the subtypes of monomorphic adenoma with biological behaviour should follow. PMID- 7237858 TI - Tomography of the ear: a neglected investigation? PMID- 7237857 TI - Carcinoma of the ear. PMID- 7237859 TI - A method for studying cholesteatomas in vivo, with special attention to epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. AB - A model for studying human cholesteatomas in vivo in the immunodeficient 'nude' mouse is described. Transplanted cholesteatoma membrane from 13 patients showed in 10 marked and fast growth in 14-21 days, whereas 3 showed necrosis. findings of cystic lesions lined by a thin stratified keratinizing epithelium were frequent and in contrast with transplanted jaw keratocyst the connective tissue reaction was weak. This experimental system may be useful for further studies of factors of importance for the regulation of differentiation and growth of middle ear mucosal epithelium. PMID- 7237860 TI - Plugging the mastoid cavity with Palacos R-a new technique to avoid recurrent cholesteatoma. AB - The requisite for the development of recurrent cholesteatoma caused by a retraction pocket is that the retraction takes place through a bottleneck into an otherwise closed cavity. In order to avoid this kind of recurrence either the bottleneck must be removed or the exenterated mastoid cavity must be plugged. This paper refers to an operation technique which was developed 14 years ago and which removes the bottleneck. Since, however, this technique leads in about half of the cases to an open cavity with the well-known disadvantages, we have tried to obliterate the cavity permanently following a posterior tympanotomy. Obliteration is achieved by means of Palacos R, which makes fixed contact with the bone. The technique and details of its application are described. PMID- 7237861 TI - Does tracheostomy in children retard the growth of trachea or larynx? AB - Tracheostomy in children has been reported to cause tracheal stenosis, laryngeal stenosis and subsequent difficulties in decannulation. No long term follow-up studies appear to be in the literature describing the events following decannulation. This study compared the radiological size of the cricoid and tracheal lumens with that of normals. Except in special cases tracheostomy did not affect the subsequent growth of the trachea or cricoid. It is suggested that traumatic tracheal narrowing in children should be managed conservatively. PMID- 7237862 TI - The occurrence of adenoidal signs and symptoms in normal children. AB - A characteristic clinical picture has been attributed to enlarged adenoids. In order to investigate this concept the occurrence of certain signs and symptoms was compared in a series of children selected for adenoidectomy and in a series of normal children. Nasal obstruction, snoring and speech defect occurred more frequently in children having adenoidectomy. The symptoms of rhinorrhoea, cough and headache and the signs of mouth breathing and abnormality on anterior rhinoscopy occurred as frequently in normal children as in children having adenoidectomy. PMID- 7237863 TI - Correlations between renal cortical interstitial fibrosis, atrophy of the proximal tubules and impairment of the glomerular filtration rate. AB - This study has confirmed impairment of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (increase of the serum creatinine concentration) by fibrosing processes in the renal cortical interstitium. In addition statistically significant correlations were found between the decrease of the total area of the proximal tubules and of the area of the epithelial cells and both the extent of the renal cortical interstitial fibrosis and the serum creatinine concentration. Further statistically significant positive correlations were observed between the age of the patients and both the grade of interstitial fibrosis and the serum creatinine concentration. No correlation could be established between the age of the patients and the total area of the epithelial cells of the proximal tubules. Pathogenetically it is conceivable that with progressive interstitial fibrosis the tubules become atrophic as a result of malnutrition. The function of these atrophied tubules may be disturbed, the reabsorptive capacity for NaCl impaired and consequently the GFR reduced not only by slowing of the glomerular blood flow secondary to interstitial fibrosis, but also by the tubular-glomerular feedback mechanism. PMID- 7237864 TI - Gentamicin and ticarcillin in subjects with end-stage renal disease. Comparison of two assay methods and evaluation of inactivation rate. AB - Eight subjects with end-stage renal disease were given gentamicin alone (single dose) and in combination with ticarcillin (multiple doses) to determine to what extent ticarcillin inactivates gentamicin in vivo and when this inactivation becomes significant. Gentamicin serum concentrations were performed by both a rapid radioimmunoassay (1 1/2 hours) and a conventional bioassay (8 hours) to determine whether the bioassay results would be falsely lowered by ticarcillin. The results of the study showed that ticarcillin inactivates gentamicin in vivo with an inactivation rate of 0.01 hours(-1). This was demonstrated by a decrease in serum gentamicin levels which became significant at 12 hours after gentamicin was given, and a decrease in gentamicin half-life from 46 to 28 hours during ticarcillin administration. Ticarcillin did not interfere with the bioassay method of measuring gentamicin levels. Although ticarcillin inactivates gentamicin in subjects with end-stage renal disease, the serum level data of gentamicin suggest that supplemental doses of the aminoglycoside are not necessary for 48 hours after a single loading dose of gentamicin. Widely used microbiological assay procedures are reliable in determining gentamicin levels and do not appear to be falsely lowered by concurrent ticarcillin administration. PMID- 7237866 TI - Home peritoneal dialysis during infancy. AB - We have recently trained two sets of parents to perform home peritoneal dialysis on their infants with chronic renal failure. Chronic dialysis was initiated before the age of one year with a body weight of less than 10 kg. The infants were maintained on dialysis for 10 and 13 months respectively awaiting cadaveric transplantation. Both infants had marked growth failure while on chronic home dialysis. Although one infant had three episodes of peritonitis, the other had none during 10 months of dialysis. Chronic home peritoneal dialysis was well tolerated in both infants. PMID- 7237865 TI - Measurements of nonspecific humoral immune parameters in patients with chronic pyelonephritis. AB - The levels of autoantibody classes IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD against renal antigens together with CH50, C3, C4, lysozyme, and phagocytic activity against Staphylococcus aureus SG 511 and E. coli 014 were determined in serum samples from 3 groups of patients with chronic pyelonephritis. Increased levels of IgG and IgD were found in patients with severely impaired renal function while increased levels of IgM and IgD correlated with disease activity. C3 levels were increased with enhanced activity and C4 and lysozyme levels with reduced renal function and distinct activity. The value of these findings is discussed and the clinical usefulness of the determination of levels of IgM, IgD, C3, C4, and lysozyme is pointed out. PMID- 7237867 TI - Treatment of refractory hemodialysis ascites with maintenance peritoneal dialysis. AB - In 5 patients who were receiving maintenance hemodialysis, ascites developed that was refractory to treatment by ultrafiltration during hemodialysis. Use of sequential isolated ultrafiltration and hemodialysis therapy either precipitated side effects or else required prolongation of total treatment time which the patients declined to accept. In 4 of the patients, ascites was believed to be primarily responsible for severe, progressive cachexia. Maintenance peritoneal dialysis was instituted in all patients, and abdominal fluid was removed gradually, over a period of 2 to 3 days. Ascites resolved promptly in each case. Three patients noted a dramatic improvement in appetite after relief of abdominal distension. Follow-up periods ranged from 6 to 4 1/2 years. Our results suggest that maintenance peritoneal dialysis can successfully control hemodialysis ascites. PMID- 7237869 TI - Severe renal failure in multiple myeloma. AB - Twenty-four patients with multiple myeloma and renal failure severe enough to require dialysis were retrospectively analyzed. Most patients initially presented with renal failure and multiple myeloma was subsequently diagnosed. Intravenous pyelography precipitated irreversible renal failure in 2 patients. Absence of light chain disease and treatment with peritoneal dialysis were associated with increased recovery of renal fraction. The one year survival rate of myeloma patients on chronic dialysis was similar to the general myeloma population but was much worse than a group of age matched non-myeloma chronic dialysis patients. Survival rate was diminished in patients with elevated serum calcium levels. PMID- 7237868 TI - Hemodialysis ascites in anephric patients. AB - Six maintenance hemodialysis patients are described in whom ascites was encountered at a time when they were anephric. No etiology for ascites could be found, and it was presumed that these patients were manifesting so-called "hemodialysis ascites". Our findings suggest that the use of bilateral nephrectomy in the treatment of hemodialysis ascites should be re-evaluated. PMID- 7237870 TI - Goodpasture's syndrome with normal renal function. AB - Two young men with anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody-induced Goodpasture's syndrome are described. Despite the characteristic renal morphological features and high titers of anti-GBM antibody, they had normal renal function. Both patients recovered spontaneously without treatment and remain well with normal renal function more than four years after presentation. The use of more sensitive diagnostic techniques has demonstrated that there is a broad spectrum of clinical severity in this disease and that mild cases can be expected to have a good outcome. PMID- 7237872 TI - Chicken pox and hemolytic-thrombocytopenia. PMID- 7237871 TI - Acute interstitial nephritis complicating Legionnaires' Disease. AB - An acute interstitial nephritis was found in a patient with sudden renal failure and lung infection caused by Legionella pneumophilia. Our patient regained and maintained normal renal function after a short period of dialysis support. The diagnosis should be considered in any patient with a chest infection complicated by acute renal failure especially if confusion is disproportionate to the degree of uremia. PMID- 7237873 TI - Dissociation of reticuloendothelial cell and hepatocyte functions in alcoholic liver disease: a clinical study with a new Tc-99m-labeled hepatobiliary agent. AB - Tc-99m-sulfur colloid scintigrams were abnormal in four patients with hepatic dysfunction due to chronic alcohol abuse. Minimal uptake of radiocolloid in the liver suggested local reticuloendothelial (RE) cell failure. Imaging with a new hepatobiliary agent, Tc-99m-PIPIDA, revealed rapid hepatic accumulation and excretion of radiotracer with adequate visualization of the organ. Scintigraphic findings in these patients indicated a dissociation of hepatocyte and RE cell functions. Demonstration of adequate hepatocyte function with severe RE failure in alcoholic liver disease using a Tc-99m-labeled hepatobiliary agent has not been previously reported. PMID- 7237874 TI - Increased focal uptake of Tc-99m-IDA hepatobiliary agent by a liver metastasis. AB - A patient with fever and right upper quadrant abdominal pain referred for a hepatobiliary scan. TC-99m-PIPIDA scanning revealed a hypervascular hepatic focus that persisted as a "hot spot" in delayed views. Ga-67-citrate scanning revealed increased uptake in the same hepatic focus. The patient suddenly died. Postmortem examination revealed that this abnormal site represented a necrotic tumor histologically compatible with metastatic breast carcinoma. PMID- 7237875 TI - Cholescintigraphic diagnosis of cholecystocolic fistula. AB - The diagnosis of a cholecystocolic fistula has often presented a dilemma to the practicing physician. Routine imaging modalities to confirm this diagnosis have not proven extremely successful. The presence of a small fistulous tract from the gallbladder to the colon is often difficult to demonstrate radiographically. However, with the advent of the newer hepatobiliary radioisotopic scanning agents, the ability to visualize the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts as well as the presence of the intestinal activity of the radiotracers has improved considerably. The authors present a case of cholecystocolic fistula that was adequately demonstrated with a Tc-99m-PIPIDA hepatobiliary scan. This article is the first to report demonstration of this type of fistula with hepatobiliary scanning. PMID- 7237876 TI - Observations on Tc-99m-erythrocyte venography in normal subjects and in patients with deep vein thrombosis. AB - Blood pool imaging of the lower limbs with Tc-99m-erythrocytes demonstrates the deep venous channels of the leg. The radionuclide image of deep vein thrombosis, by this method, appears sufficiently distinctive to suggest that Tc-99m erythrocyte venography may be a useful screening examination for deep vein patency. PMID- 7237877 TI - Focal lung uptake of Tc-99m-sulfur colloid. PMID- 7237878 TI - Radionuclide evaluation of miliary tuberculosis. PMID- 7237879 TI - Uptake of Ga-67 in a fungal esophageal ulcer. PMID- 7237880 TI - In vivo radionuclide studies in infants and children with thyroid disease. PMID- 7237881 TI - Enteric fevers in children. The importance of age in the varying clinical picture. AB - The experience with enteric fevers in 71 children hospitalized at the Jordan University Hospital over a 4-year period is reviewed. Forty-one children were male and 30 female. Salmonella typhi was the causative organism in 26 and Salmonella paratyphi A and B, in the remaining 45 patients. Twenty-five children were less than two years of age, and the remaining 46, older than two. Gastroenteritis-like symptoms were seen more often in the younger age group, who also tended to lack splenomegaly and leukopenia. Further, the younger children were sicker at the time of admission and had a longer illness than the older ones. It is concluded that while enteric fevers lead to a mild illness in the older child, in infants and very young children the fevers were often characterized by a severe and protracted illness, the seriousness of which was complicated by delay in diagnosis. PMID- 7237882 TI - A self-help program for childhood asthma in a residential treatment center. AB - A structured program designed to enhance self-treatment was successfully implemented in a residential center for asthmatic children. The ultimate objective of the program was to improve compliance with therapeutic regimens, which was felt to be a factor that had necessitated placement of many of the patients. The program was designed to educate the patient and the patient's family regarding the nature of asthma, its treatment and the importance of self help. Efforts were also made to enhance the emotional maturity of the child. Patients remembered to take their medication over 90% of the time within 1 month of implementation of the program. a similar program was instituted for outpatient use. PMID- 7237883 TI - The psychosocial functioning of young adults born with cleft lip or palate. A follow-up study. AB - A follow-up study of 96 young adults born with a cleft lip and/or cleft palate was conducted to determine their present psychosocial adjustment and to evaluate the services offered to them. Medical histories were obtained from hospital charts. Telephone interviews focusing on educational achievement, work performance, and social integration showed that 10 to 33%, depending on the criteria used, experienced psychosocial maladjustment, There was a high rate of persistent dissatisfaction with appearance, hearing, speech, teeth, and social life. An analysis of the services offered to these young adults, in the light that counseling or other social support might be offered routinely during childhood and, of equal importance, during adolescence when further medical, surgical, and dental treatment may also be required. PMID- 7237884 TI - The role of the physician in the grief process. AB - A child's death is a particularly painful experience for the family. The grief process involves all family members, and although it is individualized many reactions and concerns are predictable. With knowledge of the grief process, the patient's physician may be of great assistance to the family during this time of need. A plan is suggested for helping the family to cope with their feelings. PMID- 7237885 TI - Symposium on difficult labor and delivery. PMID- 7237886 TI - Vaginal delivery after cesarean section. AB - The incidence of cesarean scar rupture varies from 0.64 to .24 per cent, with some institutions reporting no ruptures. Associated maternal mortality is extremely low, especially in low segment transverse incisions, so as to be almost nonexistent. Maternal mortality from cesarean section is higher than from vaginal delivery. Fetal mortality as a result of low segment scar rupture is at most 12.5 per cent. With modern methods of monitoring this should be reduced to zero. Several authors already report no fetal mortalities. Patients who have had a previous cesarean section should be allowed an attempt to deliver vaginally based on carefully selected criteria. Their labors should be followed closely by a qualified individual and are expected to follow norm-progressive course. The intrauterine cavity should be explored postpartum for defects. The cost of hospital care to the family is considerably reduced, and hospital bed utilization improved by allowing vaginal deliveries of women who have had previous cesarean sections, because of decreased operative risks, postpartum morbidity, and shorter hospital stays. The recovery period for the patient who delivered vaginally will generally be considerably reduced. Each subsequent pregnancy in which vaginal delivery is contemplated must be screened and managed as though it were her first after a section. Physicians should not charge different fees for elective repeat cesarean section versus vaginal delivery of the previous cesarean. Allowing a trial of labor in carefully selected patients is one step toward decreasing the cesarean section rate. PMID- 7237887 TI - The labor curve. PMID- 7237888 TI - Intrapartum management of the diabetic patient. PMID- 7237889 TI - Medical-legal ramifications of difficult labor and delivery. PMID- 7237890 TI - Ethanol and antipyrine clearance. PMID- 7237891 TI - Decreased quinidine plasma protein binding during hemodialysis. AB - Quinidine binding to serum proteins was quantitated in 10 regularly dialyzed patients with end-stage renal disease, both under baseline conditions and after heparin during a single hemodialysis. Quinidine binding was determined in vitro, after the addition of 2 micrograms/ml quinidine sulfate, by ultrafiltration combined with spectrophotofluorometry. The baseline percent unbound quinidine concentration in our patients was 6.5 +/- 2.3% (mean +/- SD), a value lower than in normal subjects (9.9 +/- 3.0%, n = 18, p less than 0.005). Binding correlated with both serum albumin (r = 0.72, p less than 0.02) and free fatty acid (r = 0.65, p less than 0.05) concentrations. After heparin there was a rise in percent unbound quinidine (12.2 +/- 5.6%, p less than 0.025) and in free fatty acid concentration (1111 +/- 1202 microEq/l, p = 0.004) in each subject. After heparin the relationship between quinidine binding and free fatty acid concentration was again evident (r = 0.97, p less than 0.001). Dynamic changes in the levels of free quinidine, as well as other drugs during hemodialysis, may require adjustments to avoid toxicity and adverse interactions. PMID- 7237893 TI - Clinical biostatistics. LVI. The t test and the basic ethos of parametric statistical inference (conclusion). PMID- 7237892 TI - Effects of growth hormone on antipyrine kinetics in children. AB - The kinetics of antipyrine, a drug used as a clinical indicator of hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activity, were examined in children after short- (5 days to 1 wk) or long-term (6 wk to 1 yr) treatment with human growth hormone (hGH). After short-term treatment the mean volume of distribution of antipyrine (aVd) (also a measure of total body water) increased from 0.49 to 0.58 l/kg (p less than 0.005). The mean aVd after long-term treatment did not differ from the mean pretreatment value, but it rose in three of the eight subjects examined. Neither the mean serum half-life (t 1/2) nor the metabolic clearance rate of antipyrine for the group as a whole was altered after short- or long-term treatment with hGH. However, t 1/2 rose to 135% to 151% of control value in three of nine children and decreased to 63% of control value in one after short-term treatment, while after long-term treatment it rose to 128% to 176% of control value in four of eight children. The results indicate that hGH can increase total body water and should be used cautiously in children with impaired cardiac, renal, or hepatic function. The data further suggest that hGH may alter antipyrine t 1/2 in some children. The variable nature of the changes precludes any uniform prediction about growth hormone effects on drug metabolism, but it may be necessary in some children to modify the dosage of other drugs administered with hGH. PMID- 7237894 TI - Dynamic responses to continuous use of prazosin and hydralazine in patients with refractory heart failure. AB - The hemodynamic effects of oral doses of prazosin and hydralazine were studied in the same group of patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Prazosin, 3 to 10 mg, and hydralazine, 75 to 100 mg, were given by mouth every 6 hr and the responses to the first and the fifth consecutive dose were compared. The first dose of prazosin was followed by a predominant effect of left ventricular filling pressure and concomitantly by reduction of left ventricular afterload. Hydralazine acted primarily on left ventricular afterload with no significant effect on the filling pressure. A marked difference was noted in respect to the dynamic responses to continuous therapy with these two drugs. While the initial hemodynamic effect of prazosin was markedly attenuated in most of the cases after the fifth consecutive oral dose, the response to hydralazine was augmented by continuous therapy. These findings suggest that the reported hemodynamic tachyphylaxis seen with prazosin does not occur with hydralazine when given to the same patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Our study also indicates the importance of prolonged monitoring for the assessment of the hemodynamic effect of prazosin and hydralazine in patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure. PMID- 7237895 TI - Reduction of first-pass hepatic clearance of propranolol by food. PMID- 7237896 TI - Effects of diuretic and propranolol on plasma lipoprotein lipids. AB - Ticrynafen (TCNF), a nonthiazide diuretic, has been reported to be nonhyperlipidemic. To define the effects of these drugs on plasma lipoproteins, experiments were performed in hypertensive subjects after placebo therapy, 4 wk after therapy with either hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) or TCNF, 3 mo after diuretic with propranolol, and 1 mo after therapy with propranolol alone. Plasma lipoproteins were separated by ultracentrifugation and the lipid fractions isolated by extraction and silicic acid thin-layer chromatography. Plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) total cholesterol fell and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) total cholesterol rose in subjects receiving TCNF. TCNF had no effect on plasma low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride or phospholipid. There was no significant changes in LDL or HDL total cholesterol in subjects on HCTZ. HCTZ tended to increase plasma VLDL triglyceride and phospholipid. The addition of propranolol to either diuretic had no effect on LDL or HDL total cholesterol but increased VLDL triglyceride, especially in subjects on HCTZ. Propranolol alone had no effect on any of the lipids measured. PMID- 7237897 TI - Verapamil disposition kinetics in chronic atrial fibrillation. AB - Verapamil disposition was studied in 12 patients with chronic and fibrillation. After an intravenous bolus of 15 mg plasma concentration was determined and the data fit in a three-compartment model. Model independent parameters were calculated and values for half-life (t 1/2), clearance, and steady-state distribution volume were 6.3 +/- 4 hr, 13.3 +/- 7.7 ml/min/kg, and 4.3 +/- 1.9 l/kg. The model was used to design a multistep infusion scheme, which was employed successfully to achieve predetermined plasma concentrations. Following single oral doses of 120 mg, plasma levels of verapamil and norverapamil were determined. The elimination t 1/2 for verapamil and norverapamil were 8.3 +/- 6.1 and 10.5 +/- 5.6 hr, respectively. The bioavailability of oral verapamil was 35 +/- 16%. During long-term oral therapy the mean verapamil plasma concentration was twice the value predicted from the single-dose studies. This suggests that verapamil may have reduced clearance during long-term oral use. PMID- 7237898 TI - Direct determination of hepatic extraction of verapamil in cardiac patients. AB - Hepatic extraction of verapamil was determined directly in cardiac patients undergoing diagnostic catheterization and receiving 10 mg verapamil intravenously or intra-arterially. The extraction curves of verapamil concentrations in blood from the ascending aorta and hepatic vein were similar to those reported after single intravenous doses of indocyanine green. The rectilinear fall in concentration lasted 10 to 15 min. Mean hepatic extraction of verapamil in four patients who received intravenous doses was 0.86 (range 0.84 to 0.89) and in four who received intra-arterial doses was 0.87 (range 0.83 to 0.89). These estimates are the same as those for hepatic first-pass extraction determined by indirect methods based on areas under plasma concentration-time curves and requiring calculation of apparent hepatic blood flow. The results were considered to be proof that the first-pass effect of verapamil after oral doses is attributable mainly, if not entirely, to hepatic elimination. PMID- 7237899 TI - Effects of labetalol and methyldopa on renal function. AB - Renal function studies were performed in subjects with mild hypertension treated with labetalol (n = 5) and moderate to moderately severe hypertension treated in a random double-blind fashion with either labetalol (n = 6) or methyldopa (n = 6). Drugs were given in doses sufficient to reduce standing diastolic blood pressure to less than 90 mm Hg. This was achieved in all subjects without significant side effects. Inulin clearance, para-aminohippurate clearance, filtration fraction, free-water clearance, and maximal concentrating ability was assessed before and after 15 days of drug. No alterations in any parameter were noted with labetalol. Inulin clearance fell by 13% (p less than 0.05), and filtration fraction fell from 0.23 to 0.18 (p less than 0.02), but other parameters of renal function did not change with methyldopa. PMID- 7237900 TI - Minoxidil and pericardial effusion: an idiosyncratic reaction. AB - Minoxidil is a new potent antihypertensive vasodilator. Although highly effective, its use is limited by the association of the drug with pericardial effusion. We examined possible relationships in 37 patients. There was no significant effusions identified by echocardiography in 22 patients under active treatment. Retrospective review of 15 additional patients no longer under treatment identified seven who had had effusion and one who had had transient pericarditis. Resolution of effusion accompanied withdrawal in five patients; rechallenge was followed by effusion in one patient. Ninety-one episodes of pericardial disease have been reported in 1,869 experimental subjects (4.8%). Pericardial tamponade occurred in 21, with eight associated deaths. There are no specific patient characteristics that predict the likelihood of effusion. Since the reaction is both idiosyncratic and potentially fatal, it seems appropriate to continue to limit the use of minoxidil. PMID- 7237902 TI - Computed tomography and the localisation of parathyroid tumours. AB - The value of computed tomography (CT) in the pre-operative localisation of parathyroid tumour was assessed in 18 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. A discrete tumour mass was identified in one patient. The factors which limit the usefulness of CT in the localisation of parathyroid tumours are discussed. PMID- 7237901 TI - Barbiturate and hypnosedative withdrawal by a multiple oral phenobarbital loading dose technique. AB - Although intravenous phenobarbital loading is effective in barbiturate withdrawal, controlled infusions of a drug are inconvenient. To develop a practical and more widely applicable method, oral loading doses of phenobarbital were given to 21 barbiturate addicts, whose estimated mean daily intake of barbiturates was 1 gm (range 0.5 to 4 gm). Twelve had a past or present history of barbiturate withdrawal seizures. Phenobarbital was given orally at a rate of 120 mg/hr until a predetermined clinical end point of phenobarbital effect was achieved. This end point was the presence of at least three of the following: nystagmus, drowsiness, ataxia, dysarthria, or emotional lability. The total phenobarbital loading dose (mean +/- SD) was 23.4 +/- 7.1 mg/kg, median phenobarbital concentration after loading was 35.9 mg/l (range 13.2 to 71.6 mg/l), and median half-life (t 1/2) of phenobarbital was 90 hr (range 38 to 240 hr). One patient with t 1/2 = 38 hr was given supplemental doses of phenobarbital. None developed seizures or other evidence of barbiturate withdrawal. PMID- 7237903 TI - Computed tomography and histological correlation of the thymic remnant. AB - Pre-operative computed tomography (CT) of the anterior mediastinum was performed in eight patients undergoing surgery for cardiac conditions. At operation the anterior mediastinum was generously biopsied. Histology of the material allowed evaluation of the proportion of normal residual thymic tissue. Wide variation in CT appearances and in the degree of thymic involution was found, but there was good correlation between CT findings and thymic histology. This normal variation is of importance when considering the CT diagnosis of anterior mediastinal soft tissue density tumours. PMID- 7237904 TI - Computed axial tomography of pituitary adenomas. AB - Computed axial tomography is an excellent screening procedure in patients suspected of having a tumour in or near the sella turcica. Even microadenomas can sometimes be diagnosed, although not excluded, pluridirectional tomography remaining the most accurate method for their detection. Differentiation of adenomas from other parasellar tumours is not possible by computed tomography alone. An empty sella can be differentiated reliably from tumorous sellar enlargements although cystic adenomas can cause difficulties in differential diagnosis. The amount of anteroposterior and lateral extensions can be determined but the exact suprasellar extension cannot be estimated. Coronal sections of intrathecal enhancement with either conventional or computed tomography help in these cases. Carotid angiography is needed to differentiate vascular lesions from non-vascular ones. PMID- 7237905 TI - Discrepancies between radionuclide and computed tomographic scans in detecting secondary neoplastic involvement of the brain. AB - A radionuclide (RN) brain scan and a computed tomographic (CT) brain scan were performed on the same patient within one month on 207 occasions between February 1978 and October 1979 in order to investigate secondary neoplastic involvement of either metastatic or lymphomatous nature. The two scans were read independently of each other. There was a significant difference between the results of the two techniques in 26 of the 207 cases (13%). In 15 cases, the RN brain scan found clinically suspected secondary neoplastic involvement that was not detected by CT. In the other 11 cases, lesions detected by CT were not detected with the RN scan. Discrepancies were more frequent in patients with lymphoma than in patients with carcinoma. PMID- 7237906 TI - The Luftsichel: an old sign in upper lobe collapse. AB - The Luftsichel is a paramediastinal translucency due to interposition of the apex of the lower lobe between the mediastinum and the shrunken upper lobe. It occurs more commonly on the left than the right. It is so common on the left that it should be regarded as the typical appearance. It is to be distinguished from mediastinal hernia. PMID- 7237907 TI - Vascular rings causing pulmonary collapse. AB - Mediastinal vascular anomalies (rings) have not previously been reported to cause pulmonary collapse. We record two cases where anomalous subclavian arteries were involved in the ring. This association can be predicted by considering the embryology of the subclavian arteries which arise from the lowest intersegmental arteries and migrate in a cephalad direction. An anomalous subclavian artery which did not complete this migration could cross the mediastinum at the carina. Investigation of a suspected vascular ring is firstly by a barium swallow which will show extrinsic compression of the oesophagus by the anomalous vessel. Arteriography demonstrates the exact anatomy of the vascular ring, but is a pre surgical investigation undertaken in cases where the collapsed lung may re-expand following division of the vascular ring. PMID- 7237908 TI - Value of chest radiographs in severe acute asthma. AB - Chest radiographs were obtained in 117 adults admitted with severe acute asthma. In 10 (9%) patients abnormalities were seen that affected management and in nine the presence of pulmonary collapse or consolidation was shown which was not detected by clinical examinations. Over-inflation was common and correlated significantly with tachycardia, pulsus paradoxus and decrease in FEV1. Bronchial wall thickening was common and prominence of hilar vessels was also noted in a few patients. Chest radiography is strongly recommended in severe exacerbation of asthma and antero-posterior views are adequate for interpretation. PMID- 7237909 TI - Unilateral pulmonary changes in the chest X-ray in sarcoidosis. AB - Unilateral or segmental pulmonary involvement in sarcoidosis is rare. So is unilateral lymphadenopathy, and the combination can cause considerable difficulty in diagnosis if it is present when the patient first attends. Sarcoidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral lung lesions. PMID- 7237910 TI - Ultrasound of the pleura: an assessment of its clinical value. AB - In a prospective study, A mode ultrasound scanning contributed to the diagnosis and management of 24 of 50 consecutive patients with pleural disease. In 30% of patients it was superior to radiology in clarifying the solid or fluid nature of a pleural opacity, and in 42% of patients it allowed selection of the most appropriate site for the aspiration of pleural fluid. The technique is simple and the apparatus is widely available. We believe that ultrasound is an important practical aid in the diagnosis and management of pleural disease. PMID- 7237911 TI - Multiple myeloma: radiology or bone scanning? AB - A comparative study of radionuclide bone scanning and skeletal radiology in patients with multiple myeloma revealed four principal findings: (i) There were no cases of negative bone scans with positive skeletal radiographs. (ii) Lytic bone lesions were seriously underestimated by bone scans. (iii) Bone scans tended to pick up lesions in ribs missed on the skeletal surveys. (iv) Patients with bone pain were more likely to have positive bone scans and skeletal radiographs than asymptomatic patients. PMID- 7237912 TI - A prospective survey of radiological bone and joint changes in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - A prospective survey of radiological bone and joint changes was undertaken in 42 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and 23 patients with alcoholic or cyptogenic cirrhosis who formed a control population. PBC patients were commonly found to have hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (38%), joint erosions (31%) and osteoporosis, these results being significantly different from the control group. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy most frequently affected the first metacarpal and was rarely associated with finger clubbing or clinical symptoms. Joint erosions were most evident in the hands, often associated with a positive rheumatoid factor but only accompanied by symptomatic arthritis in four cases. Patients with PBC show a high prevalence of symptomless bone and joint changes which may become manifest clinically only as the disease progresses; radiography of the hands is recommended as a screening test for these changes. PMID- 7237913 TI - Radiological diagnosis of primary greater omental mass lesions. AB - Gastrocolic separation may be due to many causes including greater omental masses. This feature was noted in two patients with sarcomatous lesions and one with a haematoma of the greater omentum. This feature was not obvious in a fourth patient, with an omental tuberculous abscess who had had a partial gastrectomy. However, angiographic features in all patients were pathognomonic of an omental mass, but not necessarily of the cause of the mass. PMID- 7237914 TI - The use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. AB - Ultrasonography was used to examine 196 cases of suspected ectopic pregnancy. The final diagnosis was established in 185 cases by means of surgical intervention or follow-up. The actual number of ectopic pregnancies was found to be 42, of which 30 (71%) had been correctly diagnosed by ultrasound. There was a false negative rate of 29%. Of the group of 185 patients followed up, a false positive diagnosis had been made in six cases (4.2%). On the basis of these results, we conclude that, while ultrasonography offers significant help when a non-invasive diagnostic method for ectopic is desired, it is not yet, in spite of the present level of technical development, a completely reliable method in such cases. PMID- 7237915 TI - How should adenoidal enlargement be measured? A radiological study based on interobserver agreement. AB - Clinical assessment of adenoidal size is difficult, and an objective measurement is desirable. To establish the best radiological method, lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken of 38 children three days before their adenoids were removed. Two radiologists each made five measurements related to adenoidal size on ech radiograph, and the correlations between the radiological measurements and between the measurements and the volume of tissue removed at operation were calculated. Linear measurement of the palatal airway at the narrowest point between the outlines of the adenoid and soft palate is the simplest method to use and shows good correlation between observers. It is recommended for clinical use. Measurement of the nasopharyngeal soft tissue area show equally good observer correlation and better correlation with the volume of adenoid removed at operation. This method appears more suitable for longitudinal studies of adenoidal size. PMID- 7237916 TI - Comparative study of the methylglucamine salts of iodamide and iothalamate in clinical urography. AB - In a comparative urographic study of the methylglucamine salts of iodamide (Uromiro 300) and iothalamate (Conray 280) the following conclusions have been made: (i) In subjects with radiologically normal kidneys and a creatinine clearance greater than 70 ml/min total urogram scores and nephrogram scores were higher with iodamide (not statistically significant). The improvement in performance was more marked in the nephrographic phase. (ii) In patients with radiologically normal kidneys and a spectrum of normal and abnormal renal function, total urogram scores and nephrogram scores showed no significant dependance on creatinine clearance. (iii) No correlations of note were observed between urographic performance and physical or biochemical parameters for either contrast medium. (iv) Side effects encountered in the study were mild and there were no significant differences between the contrast media in either the incidence or severity of the side effects. (v) Post-injection blood pressure profiles showed no significant differences between the media. (vi) Induced electrocardiographic abnormalities were uncommon and mild occurring in seven patients following iothalamate and three patients following iodamide. PMID- 7237917 TI - Radiotherapy following primary surgery for carcinoma of uterine cervix. AB - Eighty-two patients given salvage radiotherapy for post-operative residual or recurrent carcinoma of uterine cervix are retrospectively reviewed. Nine of the 10 patients with definitive residual disease compared to seven of the 44 patients with suspected residual disease died of their malignancy. The indications for radiotherapy in the latter group are discussed. It seems likely, but cannot be proved, that a high proportion of the survivors were salvaged by radiotherapy. Thirteen of the 28 patients treated for recurrence were alive and disease free at five years. Radiotherapy techniques are described. The addition of brachytherapy to radical teletherapy to whole pelvis seems to improve local control rates. In favourable cases with only suspected residual disease at the vaginal vault brachytherapy alone is probably sufficient. PMID- 7237918 TI - Clinico-epidemiological study of Kaposi's sarcoma in Egypt. AB - The clinico-epidemiological aspects of Kaposi's sarcoma are reviewed. A study of 27 patients seen in Egypt during the years 1962--78 is reported. The treatment modalities are discussed with special reference to radiotherapeutic management. PMID- 7237919 TI - Simple method of assessing splenic function in coeliac disease. AB - 1. Erythrocytes with membrane abnormalities seen on interference contrast microscopy ('pitted erythrocytes') were counted in venous blood samples from patients with treated coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis, and from control subjects and patients who had had an elective splenectomy. 2. The percentage of 'pitted erythrocytes' was compared with the 99mTc-labelled heat damaged erythrocyte clearance, and with the splenic size computed from scintiscans. 3. There was a significant correlation between percentage 'pitted erythrocytes' and the above methods of measuring splenic function and size. Increase in the percentage of 'pitted erythrocytes' above the control range indicated splenic hypofunction. 4. The number of coeliac patients with percentage 'pitted erythrocytes' above the control range increased with increasing age at which they started a gluten-free diet. 5. Counting of 'pitted erythrocytes' is a simple and sensitive method of assessing splenic hypofunction in treated coeliac disease. It avoids radiation exposure, and is applicable to all ages and repeatable without risk. 6. The incidence of splenic hypofunction in coeliac patients may be related to the duration of untreated disease. PMID- 7237920 TI - Influence of breath holding at total lung capacity on maximal expiratory flow measurements. AB - 1. Forced exhalations performed from volumes below total lung capacity, so-called partial expiratory flow-volume curves, are suggested to be more sensitive in detecting airways bronchoconstriction than maximal expiratory flow-volume curves begun at total lung capacity. 2. In eight healthy men both maximal and partial expiratory flow-volume curves were measured where breath was held at total lung capacity of 70% of vital capacity respectively, for either 0 or 15 s before performing the forced exhalation. An histamine aerosol was used to provoke bronchoconstriction. 3. The results showed that the 15 s breath hold caused greater reduction in expiratory flow rates after histamine for both maximal and partial expiratory flow-volume curves than either manoeuvres performed with no breath hold. 4. A breath hold of 15 s at total lung capacity appeared to make the maximal expiratory flow-volume curve as sensitive as a partial expiratory flow volume curve in detecting the response to histamine as well as providing measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s and vital capacity. Forced spirometry after a 15 s breath hold at total lung capacity therefore provides an easy and sensitive technique for detecting bronchoconstriction. PMID- 7237921 TI - Comparison of ventilation/perfusion lung-imaging and dead-space measurements in airway disease. AB - 1. Nineteen patients (three normal subjects, at 16 patients with chronic airway disease) were investigated with radionuclide lung-imaging and pulmonary function tests. 2. There was a statistically significant correlation between the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity and alveolar dead-space ventilation for nitrogen as a percentage of alveolar ventilation (an index of gas mixing inefficiency); rs = 0.54, P less than 0.05. 3. There were statistically significant associations between an abnormal ventilation or perfusion radionuclide lung image and (a) the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity and (b) the alveolar dead-space ventilation for nitrogen as a percentage of alveolar ventilation. 4. The radionuclide counts from the posterior images were normalized for lung size and injected dose; perfusion counts were then subtracted from ventilation counts at locations from the top to the bottom of the lungs. 5. There was a statistically significant association between low ventilation minus perfusion areas and arterial hypoxia. 6. There was a statistically significant association between high ventilation minus perfusion areas and an increased alveolar dead-space ventilation for carbon dioxide as a percentage of alveolar ventilation. PMID- 7237922 TI - The effect of prolonged administration of propranolol and timolol on the growth and the heart of growing rabbits. AB - 1. The effect of prolonged administration of beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking agents was studied in growing rabbits. Equivalent doses of propranolol and timolol were given parenterally for 8 weeks. 2. Animals given propranolol had a significantly lower heart rate than that in the controls. After subcutaneous injection, plasma propranolol levels were twice those obtained after intraperitoneal injection. 3. Growth rate of animals given propranolol intraperitoneally was significantly less than controls, whereas animals given propranolol subcutaneously or timolol intraperitoneally grew normally. Reduced growth rate was associated with reduced food intake and was not related to the beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking activity of the drugs. 4. At the end of the experiment the heart and other organs were examined. beta-Adrenoreceptor blockade produced no significant changes in ventricular size or water content, and no significant changes in ultrastructure were found. PMID- 7237923 TI - Clearance of fibrin from glomeruli. Renal cortical fibrinolytic response after thromboplastin infusion in the rat. AB - 1. The time sequence of glomerular fibrin deposition, renal cortical fibrinolytic response and thrombocytopenia after thromboplastin infusion in rats has been established. 2. Fibrin clearance is rapid and is associated with markedly increased cortical fibrinolytic activity. 3. Plasma fibrinolytic activity was unchanged. 4. Experiments in which the dose-response relationship between thromboplastin dose, fibrin deposition and fibrinolytic response was examined showed that fibrinolytic response increased with fibrin deposition in glomeruli. 5. The dose-response experiments also provided data which suggested that the method of measurement of cortical fibrinolytic activity in the presence of deposited fibrin measures excess rather than total plasminogen activator production. PMID- 7237924 TI - Effect of morphine on limb capacitance and resistance vessels. AB - 1. The actions of 15 mg of intravenous morphine on hand and forearm capacitance and resistance vessels were studied with venous occlusion plethysmography. 2. In contrast to a 5% increase in forearm venous volume, intravenous morphine caused a 26% decrease in hand venous volume. This hand venoconstriction was confirmed by finding an increase in hand venous tone. The effects of morphine on hand veins were attenuated by intraarterial phentolamine and blocked by intravenous naloxone. 3. Whereas morphine had no significant effect on forearm resistance vessels, it caused a 70% reduction in hand vascular resistance. 4. Intra-arterial morphine had no local action on hand capacitance or resistance vessels. 5. Though the contrasting actions of morphine on hand and forearm capacitance vessels resulted in no important change in limb venous capacitance, the large reduction of cutaneous vascular resistance may contribute to haemodynamic benefit in patients with pulmonary oedema. PMID- 7237925 TI - Comparison of radioisotope methods for the measurement of phosphate absorption in normal subjects and in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - 1. Intestinal phosphate absorption was measured in normal subjects, in patients with chronic renal failure, and in post-transplant patients, by a double isotope technique involving oral administration of 32P and simultaneous intravenous injection of 33P with subsequent deconvolution analysis. 2. By this technique intestinal phosphate absorption has been shown to have two components: an initial rapid phase, which is completed by 3 h, and a slower more prolonged phase, which continues beyond 7 1/2 h. 3. Phosphate malabsorption has been demonstrated in chronic renal failure and transplant patients, which is accounted for by impairment of the initial rapid phase of absorption. 4. Results obtained by deconvolution analysis have been compared with other estimates of phosphate absorption obtained from analysis of 32P radioactivity curves alone. 5. The fractional hourly rate of absorption and the plasma 32P radioactivity at 60 min corrected for extracellular fluid volume provided the best approximations to the result obtained by deconvolution analysis, with respect to both the maximal rate of phosphate absorption and cumulative percentage phosphate absorption. PMID- 7237926 TI - Direct measurement of hepatic extraction of bile acids in subjects with and without liver disease. AB - 1. The hepatic extraction ratio of 14C-labelled bile acids has been measured directly by hepatic vein catheterization in five patients without liver disease (glycocholic acid, three; cholic acid, two) and in 16 patients with histologically confirmed liver disease (glycocholic acid, seven; cholic acid, nine). 2. After intravenous administration of [14C]-glycocholic acid by bolus injection (two control subjects) or constant infusion (one control subject), directly measured hepatic extraction ratio was 0.91, 0.84 and 0.88, greater than that for indocyanine green. The extraction ratio of [14C]cholic acid in two subjects was 0.72 and 0.70, confirming a lower extraction of the unconjugated bile acid. 3. The hepatic extraction ratio of both bile acids was reduced in patients with chronic liver disease (range 0.07-0.69), although the extraction ratio of glycocholic acid remained normal in one patient with viral hepatitis. 4. Estimates of liver flow calculated from the extraction of [14C]glycocholic acid, but not cholic acid, correlated with those calculated from indocyanine green kinetics, although numbers were small. 5. Measurement of the hepatic extraction of individual bile acids, not previously reported in man, allows a more accurate description of the enterohepatic circulation. PMID- 7237928 TI - The turnover of plasma glucose and free fatty acids in vivo after portacaval anastomosis and chronic underfeeding in the rat. PMID- 7237929 TI - Influence of sympatholytic drugs on the cardiovascular response to isometric exercise. AB - 1. The effects of single oral doses of various sympatholytic drugs on the heart rate and blood pressure increases during isometric handgrip contraction were studied in six healthy subjects. 2. Bethanidine reduced both the systolic and diastolic increases in pressure. Clonidine reduced the systolic but not the diastolic increase. Oxprenolol alone or in combination with phentolamine or phenyoxybenzamine failed to influence the pressor response. 3. The increase in systemic blood pressure associated with sustained contraction of voluntary muscle appears to be relatively resistant to acute sympathetic adrenoreceptor blockade in man. PMID- 7237927 TI - Effect of a long-term fat-modified diet on serum lipoprotein levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in patients on home haemodialysis. AB - 1. Changes in serum total and lipoprotein fraction triglyceride and cholesterol levels were studied in 24 adults on home haemodialysis. Half the patients were randomly allocated to a low cholesterol (mean 200 mg/day), fat-modified diet (mean polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio of 1.0 with a mean of 43% of the total energy content derived from fat). 2. Before dietary manipulation, triglyceride levels in all lipoprotein fractions were significantly higher (P less than 0.02) than in a control group of age and sex matched normal subjects. Total cholesterol, very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were also significantly raised (P less than 0.02), but high density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was normal. In the patients on a fat modified diet triglyceride levels did not alter in any of the lipoprotein fractions. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels fell significantly into the normal range (P less than 0.002 and less tha 0.001 respectively) but VLDL and HDL cholesterol levels did not change. 3. Hypertriglyceridaemia is the most common lipid abnormality in patients with renal failure and a long-term fat modified diet is, therefore, of limited therapeutic importance in these patients unless there is a low HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio. PMID- 7237930 TI - Local regulation of blood flow in subcutaneous tissue in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - 1. Local regulation of subcutaneous blood flow in the forearm was studied in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Blood flow was measured by the local 133Xe washout technique. 2. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline were increased on day 1, suggesting an increase in sympathetic neuronal activity, but gradually returned to normal thereafter. 3. Subcutaneous blood flow on day 1 was far below normal (38%) and steadily increased to reach normal at day 7 after coronary occlusion. The sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity that caused the initial reduction in flow could be blocked by proximal nervous blockade, increasing the subcutaneous blood flow by 130, 63 and 14% on days 1, 3 and 7 respectively after coronary occlusion. A normal response to decrease in arterial perfusion pressure was observed, suggesting that intrinsic vascular reactions responsible for autoregulation of blood flow were not affected by the increase in sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity. The vasoconstrictor response to increase in venous transmural pressure could not be demonstrated on day 1 after coronary occlusion but gradually reappeared during the following days. 4. Abolition of the vasoconstrictor response is most likely to be due to a centrally elicited increase in sympathetic activity, as a normal vasoconstrictor response was obtained after proximal nervous blockade. Thus the local sympathetic reflex mechanism underlying the vasoconstrictor response appears to be suppressed by a centrally elicited increase in sympathetic discharge rate. PMID- 7237931 TI - Cardiovascular and autonomic reflexes in haemodialysis patients. AB - 1. Blood pressure and heart rate responses to head-up tilt, standing, the Valsalva manoeuvre, sustained handgrip and cutaneous cold were measured in 27 haemodialysis patients (10 of whom had episodes of haemodialysis-induced hypotension) and 15 control subjects to assess autonomic nervous function. Plasma noradrenaline levels were measured at rest and during head-up tilt. 2. Mean resting supine blood pressure, heart rate and plasma noradrenaline levels were higher in haemodialysis patients than in the control subjects. There was no fall in blood pressure during head-up tilt or standing. The ratio of the R--R intervals of the thirtieth and the fifteenth heart beat after standing (30:15) was lower in the patients; this may be related to their higher resting heart rate. Head-up tilt raised plasma noradrenaline levels in both groups. Heart rate responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre were similar in the patients and control subjects. 3. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate responses to sustained handgrip were similar in both groups. Diastolic and mean blood pressure changes, however, were lower in the patients. The blood pressure and heart rate responses to cutaneous cold were similar in the patients and control subjects. 4. We conclude that generalized autonomic nervous dysfunction does not appear to cause haemodialysis-induced hypotension in patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance haemodialysis. PMID- 7237932 TI - No functional difference of the two iron-binding sites of human transferrin in vitro. AB - 1. According to the Fletcher-Huehns hypothesis there exists a functional difference between the two iron-binding sites of transferrin. 2. The aim of the study presented was to evaluate this hypothesis in a homogeneous system, with human bone marrow cells and pure human monoferric transferrins A and B. 3. For this reason normal human bone marrow cells were incubated with human monoferric transferrin. The monoferric transferrins A and B were obtained by selective labelling at different pH of apotransferrin followed by preparative isoelectric focusing in granulated gels. The uptake of iron by the cell suspensions from monoferric transferrins A and B was equal. 4. In a heterogeneous but more active system for the removal of iron from human transferrin in vitro the two human monoferric transferrins did not show any significant functional differences. 5. No support for the Fletcher-Huehns hypothesis could be obtained. PMID- 7237933 TI - Hepatic organelle pathology in primary biliary cirrhosis and the response to low dose D-penicillamine therapy. AB - 1. Analytical subcellular fractionation in combination with enzymic microanalysis has been used to investigate the hepatic organelle pathology of primary biliary cirrhosis. Activities of plasma membrane and lysosomal enzymes in hepatic needle biopsies were increased, but marker enzymes for other organelles were normal. 2. Seven patients were treated with a low dose of penicillamine, 250 mg daily, over a 3--6 month period. The initially raised serum alkaline phosphatase and IgM levels were significantly reduced. In four patients with markedly elevated hepatic copper there was a small decrease, but urinary copper excretion was unaltered. Hepatic organelle pathology was significantly improved. 3. No serious side-effects were noted and it is suggested that a controlled trial of low-dose D penicillamine therapy is indicated in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 7237934 TI - Effect of head-up tilt on subcutaneous blood flow during the course of acute myocardial infarction. AB - 1. Central and local regulation of subcutaneous blood flow in the forearm was studied in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. 2. Blood flow was measured by the local 133Xe-washout technique. 3. The vasoconstrictor response to increase in venous transmural pressure was not present on day 1 after coronary occlusion but gradually recurred during days 2, 3 and 7. 4. Passive 30 degrees head-up tilt induced a vasoconstriction in subcutaneous tissue. There was no difference in this response at any time during the course of acute myocardial infarction. The vasoconstriction could be blocked by proximal nervous blockade. 5. Thus a decrease in baroreceptor activity induced by head-up tilt enabled a marked neurogenically mediated vasoconstriction in subcutaneous tissue, indicating that orthodromic impulse activity in sympathetic fibres can be further increased even on day 1 of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7237935 TI - Age-dependence of noradrenaline kinetics in normal subjects. AB - 1. The influence of age on the rate of spillover of noradrenaline into plasma, clearance of noradrenaline from plasma, and plasma noradrenaline concentration at rest was studied in 34 healthy subjects aged 20--69 years. 2. The plasma concentration of noradrenaline was dependent on age, values being higher in older subjects. 3. This age-dependence of plasma noradrenaline concentration was due principally to a reduced clearance of noradrenaline from the circulation in older subjects. 4. The rate of spillover of noradrenaline into plasma was little influenced by age. The higher plasma noradrenaline values found in older subjects do not seem to be due to an increase in sympathetic nervous system tone with aging. PMID- 7237936 TI - Immunological responses to training in conditioned runners. AB - 1. We measured the concentrations of leucocyte subpopulations, immunoglobulins and complement in six well-conditioned runners before and after a typical 8-mile (12.8 km) training run at 70-75% of VO2 max. 2. Before running all components were within the normal range. Exercise failed to produce a significant rise in neutrophils. There was also no change in immunoglobulins or complement concentrations immediately or 24 h after exercise. Lymphocyte subpopulations were also unchanged except for a progressive rise in antibody-dependent cytotoxic effector cells (K-lymphocytes). 3. These results suggest chronic exercise training has no apparent adverse effect on circulating cellular or humoral immune components in healthy subjects. An increase in K-lymphocytes may provide added host defence capacity during periods of stress, although the mechanism of increase is unexplained. PMID- 7237937 TI - The relationship between leucocyte and muscle zinc in health and disease. AB - 1. A significant correlation between leucocyte and muscle zinc contents was observed in control patients and in patients with generalized diseases. 2. As muscle contains a large proportion of the whole-body zinc, it is suggested that leucocyte zinc content may be a useful indicator of tissue zinc status. PMID- 7237938 TI - Hydrogen ion balance in exercise. PMID- 7237939 TI - Radioimmunoassay of human cardiac tropomyosin in acute myocardial infarction. AB - 1. Tropomyosin was prepared from fresh human myocardium and antisera raised in rabbits. A sensitive radioimmunoassay was developed for the detection of human cardiac tropomyosin in human sera down to levels of 1 ng/ml. 2. Values for human cardiac tropomyosin in normal patients ranged from less than 1 to 3 ng/ml. In 18 patients with acute myocardial infarction all had elevated tropomyosin levels ranging from 41 to above 200 ng/ml with a mean peak level of 101 ng/ml. In this study there were no false positive or false negative results. 3. In the initial stages of infarction the time course of appearance and peak levels of cardiac tropomyosin, total creatine kinase and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme were similar. Although total creatine kinase and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme levels were normal after 72 h in patients with single, uncomplicated infarction, cardiac tropomyosin levels were still significantly elevated above normal after this time, being 30-60% of peak values. 4. Radioimmunoassay of human cardiac tropomyosin may prove useful in the diagnosis and in the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction, particularly in the long-term postinfarction period. PMID- 7237940 TI - Aggravation of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats by Heymann nephritis. AB - 1. To explore the effect of nephritis on development of genetic hypertension we immunized 10-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats with purified rat kidney brush-border antigen. This induces Heymann nephritis (autologous immune complex nephritis), which does not elevate blood pressure in normal rats. 2. Nephritis developed in 11 of the 12 immunized animals, and systolic blood pressure rose to a significantly higher level than in the non-immunized spontaneously hypertensive rats within 4 weeks. Blood pressure remained higher in the immunized rats at 17 weeks, heart weights were greater, but creatinine clearance remained unchanged. 3. At 6 weeks, urinary sodium excretion was greater in the immunized spontaneously hypertensive rats, whereas at 17 weeks, sodium excretion was decreased in these animals along with reduced serum protein concentration, packed cell volume and plasma renin activity, as compared with that of the controls. 4. Development of hypertension in nephritic rats, therefore, appeared unrelated to sodium excretion; signs of volume expansion emerged later. 5. Acceleration of the development of spontaneous hypertension by Heymann nephritis, also leading to sustained higher blood pressure levels than in spontaneously hypertensive rats, offers a new approach to experimental study of immune mechanisms behind acceleration of pre-existing hypertension. This may have important bearings on essential hypertension as well. PMID- 7237941 TI - Renal phosphate adaptation in uraemic dogs with a remnant kidney. AB - 1. Clearance and micropuncture studies were performed in 27 dogs made uraemic by segmental infarction to examine the factors responsible for phosphate adaptation in chronic renal failure. 2. The animals were studied before and after extracellular volume expansion to 10% of body weight in the presence and absence of parathyroid glands. The results were compared with 19 normal dogs studied under similar experimental conditions. 3. In the dogs with a remnant kidney and intact parathyroids adaptation of phosphate transport was evident, with a high fractional excretion of phosphate. Thyroparathyroidectomy 3 days before study in the dogs with a remnant kidney and moderate renal failure reduced fractional excretion of phosphate to near normal values, indicating a major role of parathyroid hormone in phosphate adaptation. Extracellular volume expansion in these thyroparathyroidectomized uraemic dogs led to an exaggerated phosphaturic response with fractional excretion of phosphate returning towards the value in the uraemic dogs with intact parathyroid glands. Thus acute extracellular volume expansion could also contribute to the increase in fractional phosphate excretion, but extracellular volume probably plays a relative minor role in the adaptation of phosphate excretion. 4. With more advanced renal failure fractional excretion of phosphate remained high, even after thyroparathyroidectomized, indicating that parathyroid hormone-independent factors become important for phosphate adaptation in the advanced stage of renal failure. The nature of parathyroid hormone-independent changes in fractional phosphate reabsorption in chronic renal failure remains unknown. 5. Proximal tubular fluid/plasma ultrafiltrate phosphate ratios were high in all groups of dogs with a remnant kidney regardless of thyroparathyroidectomy or the degree of renal failure. The non-specific nature of the proximal tubule pattern of phosphate transport indicates that phosphate adaptation is primarily determined by alterations in phosphate transport at a site distal to the proximal convoluted tubule. Alternatively, deep nephrons may play a greater role in determination of the overall phosphate adaptation in the chronically diseased kidney. PMID- 7237942 TI - Blood-volume expansion in the rat: natriuresis accompanied by a fall in filtration fraction. AB - 1. We have attempted to confirm the existence of a natriuretic hormone released in response to acute expansion of blood volume. 2. Isolated kidneys, perfused with whole blood at constant pressure, were incorporated within an extracorporeal circulation in recipient rats. In six control experiments urine flow rate, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, filtration fraction, and the fractional excretion of filtered sodium and water were measured for periods of up to 120-140 min thereafter. The same variables were measured in a further 12 experiments in which, after 63 +/- 11 min, the rats were volume expanded with equilibrated whole blood (15, 18 or 28 ml/kg body wt). 3. On average the controls revealed no change in any of the variables measured; volume expansion was followed by increased renal blood flow and fractional excretion of filtered sodium and water, while the filtration fraction fell. 4. In both the control and volume-expansion experiments, there were 12 instances in which the fractional excretion of filtered sodium increased; in 10 of these, including those experiments in which the natriuresis was most marked, there was a closely correlated fall in filtration fraction. 5. In all the experiments changes in the fractional excretion of filtered sodium and water varied in parallel. 6. We conclude that volume expansion (a) changes the concentration of some circulating vasoactive substance(s) and (b) results in natriuresis and diuresis consequent upon a fall in filtration fraction. PMID- 7237943 TI - Evidence of altered copper metabolism in patients with chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7237944 TI - Total body potassium in relation to thyroid hormones and hyperthyroidism. AB - 1. Body weight and total body potassium were measured in 23 hyperthyroid patients before and at various stages during treatment and in 19 athyreotic patients who were being treated with high-dose L-thyroxine. 2. In the hyperthyroid patients the total body potassium rose by 23 +/- 2.8% (SEM) within a few weeks of restoring the blood thyroid hormone levels to normal. The body potassium values after treatment were close to that expected in these individuals if they were healthy indicating that a considerable loss of body potassium is usual in hyperthyroidism. 3. The gain of total body potassium in hyperthyroidism averaged 71 +/- 8 mmol for each kg of body weight gained (compared with muscle potassium concentration of about 92 mmol/kg). In contrast, weight loss produced by dietary treatment of obesity caused very little change of body potassium (maximum averaged was 14 +/- 4 mmol/kg wt. loss). 4. Among the patients with hyperthyroidism, the greatest muscular weakness was present in those with the greatest body potassium loss and these patients regained a large amount of potassium relative to weight on recovery. 5. Total body potassium changes were closely related to total plasma tri-iodothyronine concentrations but unrelated to the thyroxine levels. PMID- 7237945 TI - Identification of N-monoacetylcystine in uraemic plasma. AB - 1. An unidentified ninhydrin-positive substance of an acidic nature was detected in the plasma of uraemic patients. This substance was isolated from haemodialysate by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration, and identified as a sulphur-containing amino acid: N-monoacetylcystine. 2. The quantitative determination of sulphur amino acids in plasma revealed that the plasma levels of cysteic acid, homocysteic acid, taurine, cystine and cystathionine as well as N monoacetylcystine in uraemic patients were markedly higher than in normal subjects (P less than 0.001 for each). However, the plasma levels of methionine in uraemic patients were within normal limits. PMID- 7237946 TI - [Effects of proglumide on gastric motility]. PMID- 7237947 TI - [Therapeutic principles of immunopharmacology]. PMID- 7237948 TI - [Papaveroline in mental disorders caused by a deficit of non-focalized cerebral circulation]. PMID- 7237949 TI - [Open clinical study of the use of 3-(4-biphenylcarbonyl) propionic acid in rheumatoid arthritis and arthrosis]. PMID- 7237950 TI - [Preliminary research on the health status of construction workers (and possible therapeutic implications on the working place)]. PMID- 7237951 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in myocardial damage; effect of treatment with nifedipine]. PMID- 7237952 TI - [Paget's disease of the hip. Clinico-radiological study. Therapeutic results of calcitonin therapy]. PMID- 7237953 TI - [Salmon calcitonin in supportive therapy of neoplastic osteolysis. Preliminary report on a case of myeloma]. PMID- 7237954 TI - [Therapy of brucellosis]. PMID- 7237955 TI - [Thyrocalcitonin, betamethasone and hydration in hypercalcemia caused by bone metastases of breast carcinoma]. PMID- 7237956 TI - [Pediatric experiences with cefamandole nafate]. PMID- 7237957 TI - Salicylate toxicity following therapeutic doses in young children. PMID- 7237958 TI - A death due to 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine. PMID- 7237959 TI - Clinical features and management of poisoning with 2,4-D and mecoprop. PMID- 7237960 TI - Emergency induction of emesis using liquid detergent products: a report of 15 cases. AB - Solutions of liquid detergent products were used to induce emesis in 15 patients who could not or would not obtain syrup of ipecac. Four patients refused to drink any of the solution and two others refused part, one of whom vomited. In the patients who drank all or part of the solution, 91% (10/11) vomited with a mean time to the onset of emesis of 6.5 min. None of these patients developed symptoms attributable to the ingested poison or the detergent solution. Liquid detergent solutions may be a useful alternative emetic for the poison center when a patient cannot be given syrup of ipecac. PMID- 7237961 TI - Adsorption of oral antidotes for acetaminophen poisoning (methionine and n acetylcysteine) by activated charcoal. AB - An in vitro experiment was performed to assess the degree of adsorption of oral antidotes for acetaminophen poisoning, methionine and N-acetylcysteine, by activated charcoal. Results indicate that activated charcoal effectively adsorbs both methionine and N-acetylcysteine. Since these agents must be absorbed from the GI tract to prevent acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, concurrent administration of methionine or N-acetylcysteine and activated charcoal would be expected to markedly diminish their antidotal effectiveness. PMID- 7237962 TI - Amphetamine radioimmunoassay--structure versus reactivity. AB - Over 60 different amphetamine-related amines were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) at several concentrations. An attempt is made to relate structural differences to the affinity of the compounds with The RIA amphetamine antibody. The effects of substituent placement in the amphetamine molecule are studied. Addition of groups to the para position of amphetamine increased reactivity whereas changes in all positions reduced reactivity. PMID- 7237963 TI - Barbiturates--structure versus RIA reactivity. AB - Over 90 different compounds having structural similarities to barbituric acid were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) using 125I-secobarbital reagents (Roche). Affinities were compared with molecular structures and a number of observations are made. It was found that all definitive components of the 5,5-dialkyl barbituric acid ring structure were essential for reactivity with the Roche RIA reagents; structural changes at any position of the ring reduced reactivity. No compounds studied were found to be more reactive than secobarbital [5-allyl-3-(1 methylbutyl) barbituric acid] and RO-2-1126[5-allyl-5-(1-carbamoylisopropyl) barbituric acid (the hapten used to prepare the RIA antibody)]. Changes in the 5 allyl and/or the 5-(1-methylbutyl) groups of secobarbital resulted in decreased reactivity. PMID- 7237964 TI - Toxicity with intravenous injection of crude marijuana extract. AB - Intravenous injection of crude marijuana extract led to development of an acute illness with multisystem involvement. Gastrointestinal manifestations consisted of severe vomiting, diarrhea, and crampy abdominal pain. Hypotension, tachycardia, and peripheral vasodilation constituted the main cardiovascular manifestations of the disease. Moderate azotemia and oliguria, presumed to be of prerenal origin, were present and rapidly resolved with administration of intravenous fluids. Hematologic manifestations consisted of leukocytosis with a left shift, thrombocytopenia, prolonged partial thromboplastin time, increased fibrin degradation products, and positive protamine sulfate test. The observed coagulation abnormalities may suggest intravascular coagulation. C3, C4, and total hemolytic complement were reduced, suggesting possible activation of the complement system. Hyperventilation, hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, obstructive, and restrictive pulmonary function abnormalities and bilateral pleural effusions highlighted the pulmonary manifestations of the disease. Rhadbomyolysis and mild hepatic function abnormalities were also present. All observed abnormalities reversed in a few days with no significant sequelae. PMID- 7237965 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity after hashish smoking. PMID- 7237966 TI - Myocardial infarction and marijuana. PMID- 7237967 TI - Toxicological analysis of phenylethylamines by high performance reversed-phase ion-pair partition thin-layer and liquid chromatographies. AB - A rapid and specific method was developed to identify phenylethylamines in urine. After an organic extraction at appropriate pH, reverse phase ion-pair partition chromatographies were used: a high performance thin-layer test followed by high performance liquid chromatography. The use and benefits of the procedure are described in detail and compared with other methods. In a very short time (10 min) the presence of phenylethylamine is detected on a thin-layer plate. In the case of positive result the product is then specifically identified by high performance liquid chromatography by means of a complete UV spectrum traced directly on the eluated compound. The sensitivity of the method is highly increased because the detection is operated at 215 nm. PMID- 7237968 TI - Correlation of serum pseudocholinesterase and clinical course in two patients poisoned with organophosphate insecticides. PMID- 7237969 TI - An exploratory study of manganese exposure to welders. AB - Sixty welders (20 each from Plants A, B, and C) and 20 control subjects were investigated for the possible occurrence of manganese poisoning among welders exposed to the welding fumes containing this metal. Ten, 9, and 5 welders from Plants B, C, and A, respectively, were diagnosed as suspected cases of early manganese poisoning. The diagnosis was based on the proof of overexposure to manganese by the findings of increased urinary levels of this metal, signs of early neurological involvement, and increased contents of serum calcium. These results are discussed in relation to the manganese concentration in the air around the welder's breathing zones. PMID- 7237970 TI - Ticrynafen-induced acute renal failure. AB - Two cases of acute renal failure associated with ticrynafen administration are reported. Both patients had received hydrochlorothiazide prior to the institution of ticrynafen therapy and were mildly hyperuricemic. Flank pain, oliguria, and azotemia developed after the institution of ticrynafen in both cases. Clinical and laboratory features were consistent with acute uric acid nephropathy in both patients. In addition, a newly formed collection of radiolucent material was found by intravenous urography in the renal pelvis of one of the patients. Both patients were treated with intravenous fluids and sodium bicarbonate. One of the patients received allopurinol as well. Complete recovery of renal function was observed in both patients. Ticrynafen-induced hyperuricosuria in these previously volume-depleted and hyperuricemic subjects is felt to have been responsible for intrarenal and extrarenal deposition of uric acid in our patients. PMID- 7237971 TI - Hemodialysis for acetaminophen detoxification. PMID- 7237972 TI - Measurement of toluene in blood and breath in cases of solvent abuse. AB - A method was developed for measurement of toluene in blood and breath samples, using Tenax GC columns and a Bendix Flasher (Bendix Corp.) coupled to a flame ionization gas chromatograph. Blood samples were collected from six habitual toluene abusers during a 2-h abstinence period. Blood concentrations were found to range from 9.8 to 31.2 mg/L in samples taken shortly after inhaling. Blood half-lives of toluene were found to be much shorter in the first hour after inhalation (53.5 and 49.3 min) than in the second hour (79.3 and 111.2 min). In one of the subjects, blood:breath ratios were determined and averaged 18.2. PMID- 7237973 TI - Fatal chemical pneumonia from 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoro-3-chloropropene in an unmarked gas tank. AB - Fatal chemical pneumonia occurred in a worker following exposure to an unidentified gas in a salvaged cylinder. Inspection of the tank revealed a scrawled chemical formula for 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoro-3-chloropropene, a suspected pulmonary irritant. The report underscores the potential hazards which salvaged cylinders pose to individuals who use or refill them. The population at risk includes scuba divers, emergency rescue personnel, and workers in the compressed gas industry. PMID- 7237974 TI - Lead arsenate ingestion in eight children. PMID- 7237975 TI - Hemolytic anemia and sulfhemoglobinemia due to phenacetin abuse: a case with multivisceral adverse effects. AB - The authors report a case of recurrent sulfhemoglobinemia resulting from a chronic abuse of phenacetin. Cyanosis was accompanied by hemolytic anemia and numerous features of tissue aging. While phenacetin was found to be the oxidizing drug, no source of sulfur was identified. The origin of sulfhemoglobinemia in man is discussed and the possible role of intraerythrocytic glutathione is emphasized. PMID- 7237977 TI - Potassium and renal failure. AB - Hyperkalemia caused by decreased renal K+ secretion may be seen in patients with mild, moderate, or severe ARF or CRF. Decreased K+ secretion by the distal tubule may be due primarily to a decrease in tubular fluid flow rate, as in ARF, or it may be due to diminished circulating aldosterone concentrations, as in patients with hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. Patients with CRF adapt to K+ loads by increasing K+ excretion per nephron as well as by transferring K+ more rapidly into cells. However, an increased K+ load may still produce hyperkalemia in the CRF patient because of limitations in the adaptive responses. Hyperkalemia may present a true medical emergency in the patient with renal failure. Although the serum K+concentration can usually be controlled by the administration of calcium, glucose and insulin, sodium bicarbonate, diuretics, and/or the use of K+ exchange resins, dialysis may be necessary. Hyperkalemia complicating acute or chronic renal failure is an important, common problem requiring the use of peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. PMID- 7237976 TI - Hyponatremia. AB - Our approach to the hyponatremic patient is based on thorough history and a well performed physical examination. Bedside evaluation will help the physician to decide whether a patient is dry, wet, or neither. Once the patient has been characterized, an appropriate diagnosis can be established. A few simple laboratory tests will be of assistance: BUN, creatinine, osmolality, uric acid, serum potassium, and spot urinary sodium and osmolality. A logical diagnosis and therapeutic approach can then be achieved. PMID- 7237978 TI - Hereditary renal diseases in children. PMID- 7237979 TI - Massive hematuria. PMID- 7237980 TI - The renal acidoses. PMID- 7237981 TI - The kidney and arthritis. PMID- 7237982 TI - Nephronophthisis. PMID- 7237983 TI - Cortical blindness. PMID- 7237984 TI - Syncope and episodic loss of consciousness. AB - Syncope is a common problem for which accurate diagnosis is the key to effective therapy. A detailed description of each of the syncopal spells with attention to the aura, association with effort, patient position at the onset of syncope, description of ictal events from witnesses, and detailed description of the postictal state will permit accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy. PMID- 7237985 TI - Headache. PMID- 7237986 TI - Parkinson's disease: new treatments. AB - Parkinsonism is a movement disorder related to a central nervous system dopamine deficiency. L-dopa with or without carbidopa is presently the most effective medication. The use of this drug should be delayed as long as possible, and overtreatment should be avoided. Complications of long-term parkinsonism may respond in part to the direct dopamine receptor agonists. Physical therapy and emotional support for the patients and their families are an integral part of the management of the patient with Parkinson's disease. PMID- 7237988 TI - Diagnosis and management of autism. PMID- 7237987 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of neuromuscular disease. AB - There are over 50 treatable conditions that can produce signs and symptoms of fatigue, weakness, sensory complaints, or muscle atrophy [Table 3]. The examiner should be able easily to identify, by history and physical examination, the affected site of the motor unit causing the patient's syndrome. Following this, by using other aspects of the history and physical examination, the clinician can decide which are treatable disorders by appropriate selection of the laboratory studies. Thus, any patient who complains of neuromuscular symptoms can be approached as if he had a potentially treatable disorder and not merely as a diagnostic curiosity. PMID- 7237989 TI - Diagnosis and management of polycythemias. PMID- 7237990 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7237991 TI - Snake venom poisoning. PMID- 7237992 TI - Selective looking by infants. PMID- 7237993 TI - Visual spatial memory in Australian Aboriginal children of desert regions. PMID- 7237994 TI - An experimental approach to medical decision problems. PMID- 7237995 TI - A computer aided simulation of an electrode penetration into deep brain structures. PMID- 7237996 TI - A natural language interface to a clinical data base management system. PMID- 7237997 TI - Do information systems improve the quality of clinical research? Results of a randomized trial in a cooperative multi-institutional cancer group. PMID- 7237998 TI - A convenient computer program for estimation of enzyme and metabolite concentrations in multienzyme systems. PMID- 7237999 TI - The physician as interpreter: ascribing meaning to the illness experience. PMID- 7238000 TI - Briquet's syndrome (somatization disorder) and primary depression: comparison of background and outcome. PMID- 7238002 TI - The decision to use ECT: a retrospective study. PMID- 7238001 TI - Prophylactic effect of lithium against depression in cyclothymic patients: a life table analysis. PMID- 7238003 TI - A comparison of borderline with depressed and schizophrenic patients on a new diagnostic interview. PMID- 7238004 TI - Planning for crisis on a psychiatric research ward: a task analysis. PMID- 7238005 TI - Psychiatric examination of law enforcement officer candidates over a 10-year period. PMID- 7238006 TI - Depot fluphenazine maintenance treatment and associated weight changes. PMID- 7238007 TI - The relationship of the conceptual level analogy test to outcome following open heart surgery. PMID- 7238008 TI - Berloque dermatitis - a continuing cosmetic problem. AB - Despite the decline in the incidence of berloque dermatitis during the past decade, milder cases resulting from the presence of relatively small quantities of bergapten in perfumed cosmetics continue to occur. The resultant hyperpigmentation may have an atypical presentation leading to error in diagnosis. In addition, the condition can sometimes induce or aggravate melasma and may be responsible for other pigmentary disorders of the face and neck of questionable etiology such as poikiloderma of Civatte, Riehl's melanosis and pigmented peribuccal erythema of Brocq. PMID- 7238009 TI - Contact dermatitis to para-chloromercuriphenol. PMID- 7238010 TI - Contact dermatitis to lichens. PMID- 7238011 TI - Perioral dermatitis from marjoram, bay leaf and cinnamon. PMID- 7238013 TI - Dermatitis from ammonium rhodanate. PMID- 7238012 TI - Contact dermatitis to nickel and early cataract in two sisters with hyperornithinemia. PMID- 7238014 TI - Chicken sensitivity. PMID- 7238015 TI - Comparison testing of soap irritancy using aluminum chamber and standard patch methods. AB - Five soaps were tested for irritancy potential using both the aluminum chamber and a standard 21-day patch testing method. One of the products showed marked potential for irritation after 21 days of patch testing but not with the chamber method of testing. An explanation of the varying results obtained by the two methods requires further investigation. PMID- 7238017 TI - Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis. AB - Five elderly patients with recurrent and progressive erythematous patchy dermatitis had temporary flares of generalized erythema and associated positive patch tests. The histopathologic findings were of a distinct pattern of lymphocytic dermal reticulosis and chronic epithelial response. We believe this represents a potential pre-Sezary state that can be recognized by the course and the histologic pattern. PMID- 7238016 TI - Lanolin of reduced sensitizing potential. AB - Confirmation has been obtained that reducing the content of natural free alcohols in lanolin to below 3%, particularly in the absence of detergent residues, reduces the incidence of positive patch test reactions amongst selected lanolin sensitive skin patients by 99.3%. Only one reaction out of 149 subjects was recorded. PMID- 7238018 TI - Histological changes in rabbits after application of medicaments and cosmetic bases. II. AB - A further study of the topical effects of certain pharmaceutical and cosmetic bases on rabbit skin is reported. Cetyl alcohol, myristic acid, castor oil and sorbitol were applied in fixed doses daily for 30 days and their irritant activity was assessed. The macroscopic and microscopic changes were on the whole minimal. Castor oil alone produced some macroscopic alterations in the form of slight erythema and edema, and microscopic changes consisting of acanthosis, disorganization of the basal layer and slight infiltration of the dermis. PMID- 7238019 TI - Patch testing with mixes. Note on mercaptobenzothiazole mix. AB - Mixes for patch testing conserve space and time. History and current usage of mixes are reviewed with comments on stability, concentration, consistency, use of infrequent allergens, vehicles and ingredients of mixes. Phenomena of 'aging', 'maturity', 'balance' 'stability' and 'quenching' have been studied elsewhere for naturally occurring mixes such as aroma chemicals (fragrances and flavorings). Little is known about any such changes for mixes of chemicals made for patch test purposes. The correct concentration of mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) for MBT mix is discussed. PMID- 7238020 TI - Streptococcus bovis endocarditis and colon carcinoma. PMID- 7238021 TI - Connecticut physician's role in preventing dental caries. PMID- 7238022 TI - Prostaglandins: an overview. PMID- 7238023 TI - The nursing shortage: a long-term dilemma. PMID- 7238024 TI - Consensus Development Summaries. Cesarean childbirth. Sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development: assisted by the Office for Medical Applications of Research, NIH. PMID- 7238025 TI - Advanced Internal Medicine (AIM). The Training Program in Primary Care Internal Medicine at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine. PMID- 7238027 TI - Hospitals can require liability insurance. PMID- 7238026 TI - Malpractice, quality assurance, and continuing education: a linkage past due. PMID- 7238028 TI - Legal update: a Maryland peer review case. PMID- 7238030 TI - Computerized tomography in the evaluation of lumbar disc herniation. PMID- 7238029 TI - Criteria for determining that death has occurred: I. PMID- 7238031 TI - Disease illness: an approach to the patient. PMID- 7238032 TI - Long term monitoring of seizure patients. PMID- 7238033 TI - Medical grand rounds: Yale University School of Medicine. Diseases of the workplace: the clinician's role. PMID- 7238034 TI - A most important case on hospital responsibility to patients--for physicians. PMID- 7238035 TI - Status report on health maintenance organizations: AMA Council on Medical Service. PMID- 7238036 TI - Hospice programs: AMA Council on Medical Service. PMID- 7238037 TI - A physician-owned insurance company for CSMS. Recommendation of the Council to the House of Delegates. PMID- 7238038 TI - The identification of surgical treatment of pulmonary metastasis. PMID- 7238039 TI - Studies on ovarian and adrenal steroids at different phases of the menstrual cycle. 1. Dynamic changes during the periovulatory period. AB - In order to assess the periovulatory interrelationships between the plasma levels of estradiol, estrone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, cortisol and biologically active lutropin (LH), peripheral blood samples withdrawn from 12 normally menstruating women at 07.00, 15.00 and 23.00 h. during seven days of the midcycle period were analyzed. The estradiol peak varied between 0.86 and 1.50 nmol/l; it preceded the LH peak in 11 subjects and occurred simultaneously with it in 1 case. Although the peak levels of estradiol were significantly higher than those associated with the LH peak, there was no significant difference between the estradiol levels at the LH peak and those found during the 32-hour period prior to the LH peak. Calculation of the estradiol to estrone ratios revealed the existence of two groups of subjects with significantly different ratios. In one group the estradiol levels were significantly lower and those of estrone significantly higher than in the other group. No difference was found between these two groups concerning the other hormonal indices measured. No significant variation was found in the estradiol, estrone and LH levels during the day; however, there was a significant overnight increase in their levels during 3 to 4 days preceding the day of the LH peak. A significant rise in 17 hydroxyprogesterone levels occurred 8 h. before the earliest rise in LH and progesterone levels; on the other hand, in none of the subjects did the first rise in progesterone levels precede the first significant elevation of LH levels. PMID- 7238040 TI - Studies on the enzymatic cleavage of norethisterone oenanthate. AB - Norethisterone oenanthate (NET OEN) was extensively hydrolysed in rabbit, rat and guinea pig plasma (99.9%, 76.1% and 46.0% hydrolysed in 90 min, respectively). In contrast, there was negligible hydrolysis (less than 2.5%) in dog, goat and human plasma. Rabbit liver, kidney, gut wall, stomach, heart and muscle showed marked hydrolytic activity in vitro, but there was little hydrolysis of NET OEN by either human muscle or fat. It is proposed that following intramuscular administration of NET OEN to rabbits, the ester is rapidly hydrolysed at the injection site and in the circulation whereas in humans the liver is the main site of hydrolysis since neither muscle nor plasma cause significant breakdown of the ester. The rabbit is not a good model for predicting the pharmacokinetics of NET OEN in humans. PMID- 7238041 TI - Antifertility activity of Montanoa tomentosa (Zoapatle). AB - According to folklore medicine, the Mexican plant zoapatle (Montanoa tomentosa) possesses antifertility activity in women. We report here the effect of various isolated preparations from this plant on early pregnancy in several rodent species including the mouse, rat, hamster, and guinea pig. When an aqueous extract of the leaves similar to the tea utilized in folklore medicine was administered orally during early stages of pregnancy, no antifertility activity could be detected. Day 22 pregnant guinea pigs, however, provided an animal model which allowed conservation of test materials and which showed the antifertilty activity of the plant extracts. Purer fractions derived from the plant were more potent in this assay system when administered either intraperitoneally or orally. As the purity of the extracts (and hence the quantity of active ingredient administered) increased, we were able to demonstrate inhibition of implantation in rats and mice when administered on days 1-6 and in hamsters when administered on days 4-6 of gestation. Preliminary data indicate the plant extracts are not estrogenic. It is concluded that zoapatle plant extracts possess unique antifertility activity. PMID- 7238042 TI - A new non-hormonal pregnancy-terminating agent. AB - DL 111-IT, 3-(2-ethylphenyl)-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4 triazole, a compound belonging to a new class of non-hormonal antifertility agents, when given subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravaginally or orally terminates pregnancy in the rat, the mouse, the hamster and the dog. Time-course and dose-activity studies indicate that its effectiveness is dependent on dose, vehicle, route and time of pregnancy. DL 111-IT has no pre-implantation activity. The most effective time for treatment is the early post-implantation period. The compound has an antifertility effect through a slow and continuing action that results in the degeneration and subsequent resorption or expulsion of conceptuses. As a result, there must be sustained availability of active principle to arrest the pregnancy. Administered parenterally in a proper vehicle (oily) and with a suitable schedule of treatment (x 2-5 days), it demonstrates a very high pregnancy terminating activity (ED50: 0.04-0.7 mg/kg/day). Multiple intravaginal and oral administrations are also effective but the daily doses required are 10-20 and 40 100 times higher than the parenteral ones. Studies of the mechanism of action indicate that the site of action is the utero-placental complex. In fact, in pregnant rats, mice, hamsters and dogs, both plasma progesterone levels and the ineffectiveness of progesterone therapy rule out luteolysis as a basis for the activity. Moreover in hypophysectomized, ovariectomized animals whose pregnancies were maintained with proper hormonal treatments, DL 111-IT terminates pregnancy and adrenalectomy does not prevent its effect, which suggests that pituitary, ovaries and adrenals are not required for the antifertility action. PMID- 7238043 TI - Fibrinolytic response and oral contraceptive associated thromboembolism. AB - A case-control study of fibrinolytic activity was conducted comparing 12 women with a recent history of thromboembolism while taking oral contraceptives and 28 matched female controls without a history of thromboembolism. All subjects had stopped using oral contraceptives at least 12 months prior to study. A new assay, recently developed in this laboratory, was used to evaluate the mean fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion in both cases and controls. The fibrinolytic response of all subjects was stratified into quartiles as previously described. While the controls segregated as expected, all 12 cases occurred in subjects whose fibrinolytic response fell in the first two quartiles with 8 of the 12 subjects having first quartile responses. The mean fibrinolytic response for all controls was 12.3 units while cases showed a mean response of only 3.9 units. The above data supports and extends our recent suggestion that low fibrinolytic response may signal a natural predisposition to venous thromboembolism which could be triggered by use of synthetic estrogens. However, these data do not support the use of this assay as a screening test for oral contraceptive related risk to thromboembolism since at least 50% of the control population also segregate in the first two quarters. PMID- 7238044 TI - Clinical performance and endocrine profiles with contraceptive vaginal rings containing a combination of estradiol and D-norgestrel. AB - Contraceptive vaginal rings (CVRs) impregnated with a combination of estradiol and d-norgestrel were studied in 39 women. The rings were inserted as three weeks "in" and one week "out" schedule to allow withdrawal bleeding. Ovulation was inhibited in all cycles and promptly resumed on completion of the treatment cycles. Bleeding control was excellent. Incidence of breakthrough bleeding was 2.11 per cent in 273 cycles studied, with 89 per cent of the cycles within the acceptable range (25 - 35 days). Levels of estradiol after an initial rise were maintained between 50-100 pg/ml and, d-norgestrel levels were relatively constant between 1.8-3 ng/ml during the period while the ring remained in situ. Clinical acceptance was good. The main problem encountered was of spontaneous expulsion of the ring in the toilet, which might be due to the squatting toilet habits of Indian women and laxity of vaginal wall. PMID- 7238045 TI - Fluid-filled silastic capsules : a new approach to a more constant steroidal drug delivery system. AB - A new approach to a more constant steroid delivery system was made in which 7,9 mg of norethisterone acetate was shaped into a cylindrical pellet (diameter 1.47 mm, length 4 mm) and placed inside a silastic capsule (i.d. 1.57 mm, o.d. 3.18 mm) of 5 mm effective length. The extra space available around the pellet was filled with physiological saline. For the sake of comparison, the same amount of crystalline norethisterone acetate was packed up to 5 mm length inside a silastic capsule of the same dimensions. The incorporation of fluid (saline) in the system not only caused a marked decrease in the initial high release but also a more constant release. Varying the pellet diameter showed that release of the steroid increases with the increase in surface area of the pellet. PMID- 7238046 TI - Biological profile of the steroid 5 alpha-stigmastane-3 beta, 5, 6 beta-triol-3 monobenzoate. AB - The steroid 5 alpha-stigmastane-3 beta, 5, 6 beta-triol-3-monobenzoate at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day showed significant antifertility activity when administered orally in a single or in consecutive doses during pre-implantation stage of pregnancy in mice. In the rabbit interceptive activity was obtained when the test steroid was administered on Day 8 of pregnancy in a single dose level. The compound failed to show any distinct estrogenic or androgenic property following bioassay method. But in McPhial test, the compound showed some progestagenic activity. PMID- 7238047 TI - On the mechanism of action of a new pregnancy-terminating agent. Part I: Effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolism in the rat and the hamster. AB - Studies have been carried out to evaluate the effects of 3-(2-ethyl-phenyl)-5-(3 methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4 triazole (DL 111-IT) a new non-hormonal post-implantation anti-fertility agent, on metabolism of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha MET) by the utero-placental unit (UPU) and the lung. In rats treated with a single (100 mg/kg) subcutaneous minimal 100%-effective dose, DL 111-IT showed a slight and transient inhibitory effect on UPU PGF2 alpha MET, whereas after multiple (2.5 mg/kg/day for 3-5 days), equally effective doses, no effect was observed. In addition, PGF2 alpha levels in both plasma and the UPU were not changed. In rat lung, PGF2 alpha MET was markedly inhibited either after single or multiple injections and the inhibition was prolonged for at least 5-6 days after administration. In hamster, on the contrary, doses up to twenty times greater than 100%-effective ones caused only a slight inhibition of PGF2 alpha MET. The effects of DL 111-IT seem therefore to be dose and species dependent, but not to be related to its pregnancy-terminating activity, thus excluding the involvement of this effect as a part of its mechanism of action. PMID- 7238048 TI - Evaluation of STS-557 as a postcoital contraceptive in the baboon. AB - A postcoital interceptive action of STS-557, a synthetic progestin, has been reported in the mouse, rat, and baboon. In the present study we reinvestigated the effects in the baboon with a modification of the original protocol: prolongation of the mating period from 6 to 48 hours. The time of mating was determined by observation of the perineal sex skin and the pattern of plasma estradiol in the periovulatory period. STS-557 (0.4 mg) was administered 6 hours after the initiation of mating, which was continued for an additional 42 hours. Controls received an empty gelatin capsule in the same mating protocol. Conception rate in the control baboons (n = 20) was 25%; in the STS-557-treated baboons (n = 18) it was 22%. There was also no difference in the pattern of plasma estradiol and progesterone in control versus treated baboons, either in pregnant or in nonpregnant animals. All pregnancies were normal. In light of the earlier report of effective postcoital action in the baboon from a single administration of STS-557 after a breeding period limited to 6 hours, our results indicate that the effect of a single dose is brief, and may not be clinically useful. PMID- 7238049 TI - Care of children with cardiovascular diseases in Czechoslovakia. PMID- 7238050 TI - Incidence of congenital heart disease among children in a selected population sample. AB - The incidence of congenital heart disease [CHD] among infants and children has been studied since 1976. The sample represents more than one third of all infants born annually during the years under review. In 1976, 354 of all newborns had a CHD, confirmed by autopsy in 105, as compared with 285 newborns with CHD in 1977, confirmed by autopsy in 62, the incidence in 1976 and 1977 thus being 9.48% and 7.67%, respectively. The most common diseases were ventricular septal defect (38.7% and 39.65%), atrial septal defect (9.04% and 7.72%) and left-to-right shunt (8.47 and 11.23%). The incidence of the remaining CHD was less than 5%. During the two years under review and unspecified heart diseases represented 12.15% (1976) and 7.72% (1977). Mortality within the first month of birth in 1976 and 1977 was 62.8% and 51.6%, respectively. The difference shows that the incidence of CHD in 1976 was higher than in 1977. PMID- 7238051 TI - [Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in childhood]. AB - The causative factors of atherosclerosis are not exhaustively known as yet. Atherosclerosis may be induced or supported by several environmental risk factors. The disease begins already in childhood or adolescence; consequently, preventive measures have to commence in these periods. In the paediatric consultative care, special attention should be paid mainly to hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and obesity. Standard examination procedures at a paediatric consulting station as well as at preventive examinations in the nursery, primary, and secondary schools should include blood pressure measurement, commencing in children aged 4 years. Fat metabolism should be examined mainly in children with familial history of cardiovascular diseases. Education concerning a healthy life regimen with rational nutrition and sufficient physical activity should not be neglected, either. PMID- 7238052 TI - [Contrast echocardiography in congenital cardiopathies]. AB - Besides marking the limits of intracardiac structures, contrast echocardiographic techniques make it possible to recognize a shunt or valvular insufficiency of the left heart. While it is sufficient to use a peripheral venous injection of physiological saline, 5% glucose in water, blood or cardiogreen at the atrial, ventricular or vessel level for the differentiation of a right-to-left shunt, for he diagnosis of a left-to-right shunt it is necessary to inject the left atrium, left ventricle or the aorta. Within the frame of heart catheterizations the diagnosis of mitral or aortic insufficiency can be verified by means of contrast echocardiographic techniques. These conclusions are demonstrated by own results of investigation. PMID- 7238053 TI - Contribution of pulsed Doppler echocardiography to ultrasound diagnosis of congenital heart diseases. AB - The authors document the importance of echocardiograhy (ECHO) with special respect to the pulsed Doppler technique (PDE) in the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases. Typical ECHO and PDE findings in atrial and ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, valvular stenosis and insufficiency, absence of pulmonary valves, tricuspid and pulmonary atresia, Fallot's tetralogy, arterial trunk, double-outlet right ventricle, transposition of the great arteries, total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and hypoplastic left-heart syndrome are described. The authors conclude that a combination of M-mode, cross sectional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography permits a comparatively detailed non-invasive diagnosis of the entire spectrum of congenital heart diseases. PMID- 7238054 TI - Pediatric cardiology in Asia. AB - The problems of pediatric cardiology in Asia can be summarized as follows. In the countries like India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan and some other countries especially with government support like Thailand, the priority is primary health care. Except in Japan, cardiac care for children is not well supported financially. Training in pediatric cardiology is not readily available. Consequently small numbers of pediatric cardiologists, pediatric cardiac surgeons and active centres are available even in Japan. It is importannt to reduce the incidence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease by prevention of streptococcal infections and to increase the standard of living and environment. Transportation and referral system diagnosis, and treatment and follow-up is a special problem in neonatal care in relation to heart disease. Concentration of physicians, medical schools and cardiac centers in urban areas, old customs and poor understanding of people about the treatability and preventability of heart diseases in children complicate the improvement in the management of children with heart diseases. PMID- 7238055 TI - New ways of treating children with congenital heart disease. AB - The rapid development of new methods of diagnosis and treatment of children with congenital heart disease is revealed. Because of decreasing death risk open heart surgery is now available already in infancy. Early corrective surgery has advantages to two-step repair. As an example of new ways of treatment a reconstructive method for tricuspid atresia is presented and the follow-up results of 41 total repairs of complete AV canal are reviewed. Double-outlet right ventricle and truncus communis are two other malformations that are accessible for successful reconstructive surgery. PMID- 7238056 TI - Haemodynamic studies in congenital pulmonary arterial stenoses before and after removal of obstruction. AB - In a group of 20 children with pulmonary arterial valvular stenosis the clinical and routine laboratory data were assessed before surgical correction and at intervals of 4-10 years afterwards. In all children successfully operated upon, the ECG signs of right ventricular hypertrophy disappeared. In 10 children of the group the haemodynamic indicators were determined in the postoperative period with the aid of right-heart microcatheterization at rest and during exercise. A success of the correction was manifested by a normalization of the pressure conditions in the right heart. Exercise did not raise them to pathological levels. A successful removal of the stenosis was also manifested by the actual values of the ejection volume and cardiac index, mainly in their increases during exercise. Heart microcatheterization proved to be an expedient method for determining the haemodynamic indicators at rest and during exercise in the long term follow-up of patients after surgical correction of congenital pulmonary arterial stenosis as one of defects with a good postoperative outlook. PMID- 7238057 TI - Chronic constrictive pericarditis in children - etiology, clinical picture and treatment. A report of 20 cases. AB - Twenty children with constrictive pericarditis are reported on. Tuberculous etiology was established in five, could not be excluded in 7, while the etiology could not be identified in 8 cases. The main symptoms were venous congestion involving the pulmonary and systemic circulation (hepatomegaly, pulmonary congestion), pericardial click at the apex, abnormalities of repolarization in the ECG. X-ray evidence of pericardial calcification and a "quiet heart" were occasionally found. Hypoproteinaemia, hypalbuminaemia and ascites, signs of an associated protein losing enteropathy may occur in constrictive pericarditis, but are not invariably present. Pericardiectomy is the most adequate form of treatment. Sixteen of the 17 cases in whom the operation was performed recovered completely; one child died. PMID- 7238058 TI - Effect of hypoproteinemia on pulmonary and soft tissue edema formation. AB - The effect of acute hypoproteinemia on the rate of fluid flux across the pulmonary and soft tissue microcirculation was studied in the unanesthetized sheep. Lymph flow was used to monitor fluid flux, a protein depletion of 30-50% of baseline value was produced by plasmapheresis. Vascular hydrostatic pressures and cardiac output were maintained constant with crystalloid infusion. The measured oncotic pressure in plasma, pi rho rapidly decreased as did the oncotic gradient between plasma and lymph. Lung and soft tissue lymph flow increased 2- to 3-fold immediately after protein depletion. Lung interstitial oncotic pressure, pi L, as measured in lymph, decreased to return the oncotic gradient and lymph flow to baseline by 24 h. Soft tissue oncotic gradient also returned to baseline by 24 h, but lymph flow remained significantly elevated for the next 48 h, indicating an increase in fluid flux unrelated to changes in oncotic pressure. Lymph flow rapidly returned to baseline when protein was returned. Protein depletion may alter the soft tissue interstitial matrix, allowing for edema formation. More effective mechanisms prevent this from occurring in the lung. PMID- 7238060 TI - Prognostic indicators in pediatric near-drowning: the Glasgow coma scale. AB - The records of 101 drowning or near-drowning victims admitted to Children's Hospital of Los Angeles (CHLA) between January 1975 and June 1978 were reviewed. The admission Glasgow coma score could be assigned retrospectively to 94 patients. A low score (less than 5) predicted a high risk group of patients with 80% mortality or permanent neurological sequelae. A high score (greater than or equal to 6) defined a low risk group of patients with no deaths or severe neurological sequelae. The Glasgow coma scale may be a useful tool for predicting the outcome of near-drowning victims in the pediatric age group. PMID- 7238059 TI - Thoracic computed tomography in the critically ill patient. AB - Thoracic computed tomography (CT) was performed on 19 ICU patients to define chest abnormalities not clearly seen on conventional portable chest radiographs. In five (26%) of these cases, the CT demonstrated new findings that substantially altered the patient's course including malpositioned thoracostomy tubes, loculated pleural fluid, unsuspected pneumothorax, and pericardial effusion. In selected cases, thoracic CT can provide precise definition of intrathoracic problems in the critically ill patient. PMID- 7238061 TI - Balloon directed pulmonary blood flow. AB - Recent advances in pulmonary care have involved improvement in the distribution of ventilation, but improvement in the distribution of pulmonary perfusion in a clinical setting has not been described. In this report, 2 pediatric patients are described with severe aspiration pneumonitis and hypoxia for whom conventional therapy with mechanical ventilation and high PEEP was of limited benefit. A 4 lumen pulmonary artery catheter was placed into the pulmonary artery supplying the lobe most diseased by chest radiograph. Pulmonary blood flow distribution was changed by total and partial inflation and deflation of the pulmonary artery balloon. This resulted in a marked alteration in shunt fraction and allowed significant reduction in F1O2. The pathophysiological and therapeutic implications of manipulating pulmonary artery blood flow distribution with a pulmonary artery catheter are discussed. PMID- 7238062 TI - Experience with a modified laryngoscope in sick infants. AB - critically ill infants receiving supplemental oxygen for their hypoxemia may become significantly compromised by hypoxemia and bradycardia when supplemental oxygenation is interrupted to carry out laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. It would, therefore, be desirable to devise a means of maintaining supplemental oxygenation during the procedure. A modified laryngoscope blade achieved this objective simply and efficiently. A study was performed on 8 newborn infants with hyaline membrane disease(HMD) who required laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation for progressive hypoxemia. All infants were hypoxemic during the procedure of laryngoscopy, breathing room air (mean PaO2 43 torr). The procedure was repeated with the modified blade (mean PaO2 87 torr). No significant bradycardia was noted. The procedure of intubation was less stressful both to the patient and to the operator. It would seem appropriate to use the modified laryngoscope blade in all situations where hypoxemia threatens. It would seem to have a particular place in intubation of the difficult airway. PMID- 7238064 TI - Hyperkalemic cardiac arrest: prolonged heart massage and simultaneous hemodialysis. PMID- 7238063 TI - Guillain-Barre Syndrome: incidence, management and outcome of major complications. AB - From October 1970 to March 1980, 33 patients with Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) were treated at the Royal Newcastle Hospital (RNH). One patient died and 2 made incomplete neurological recoveries. This study shows that although GBS is an uncommon disease, a significant number (28%) of patients have a severe form of the illness that results in acute respiratory failure and frequently requires artificial ventilation (AV). This latter group of patients have a high incidence of major complications. Methods of reducing the incidence of these complications are suggested. PMID- 7238065 TI - Survival of human bone marrow progenitor cells after freezing: improved detection in the colony-formation assay. PMID- 7238067 TI - Ultrastructural appearance of freeze-substituted schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni frozen by a two-step cooling schedule. PMID- 7238066 TI - Cryopreservation of bovine hemopoietic progenitor cells in liquid nitrogen. PMID- 7238068 TI - The relationship between cell injury and osmotic volume reduction. III. Freezing injury and frost resistance in winter wheat. PMID- 7238069 TI - The relationship between cell injury and osmotic volume reduction. IV. The behavior of hardy wheat membrane lipids in monolayer. PMID- 7238070 TI - Toward the mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer in vacuum freeze drying. I. Thermodynamic analysis of heat- and mass-transfer processes in capillary porous materials undergoing freeze-drying. PMID- 7238071 TI - Biochemical correlates to cold hardening in insects. PMID- 7238072 TI - Adaptations to cold in Canadian Arctic insects. PMID- 7238073 TI - Cold tolerance of Alpine, Arctic, and Antarctic Collembola and mites. PMID- 7238074 TI - The effect of cell concentration on the recovery of human erythrocytes after freezing and thawing in the presence of glycerol. PMID- 7238075 TI - Mechanism of freezing injury to erythrocytes: effect of initial cell concentration on the post-thaw hemolysis. PMID- 7238077 TI - Low-temperature storage of surface-attached living cell cultures. PMID- 7238076 TI - Cryofragility and other membrane characteristics of solid mouse tumors. PMID- 7238078 TI - Silica-free silicone rubber in isolated heart perfusion with blood at 13 degrees C. PMID- 7238079 TI - Cryoprotective concentrations of polyethyleneoxide exhibit low toxicity toward the isolated perfused rat liver. PMID- 7238080 TI - An hypothesis for survival of spermatozoa via encapsulation during plane front freezing. PMID- 7238081 TI - Fertility of dehydrated bull semen. PMID- 7238082 TI - Lyophilized veins as arterial interposition allografts. PMID- 7238083 TI - Cryopreservation of Plasmodium gallinaceum Brumpt sporozoites for 16 years at - 196 degrees C. PMID- 7238084 TI - Determination of water "bound" by soluble subcellular components during low temperature acclimation in the gall fly larva, Eurosta solidagensis. PMID- 7238085 TI - A new method of measuring red cell deformability and the effects of pentoxifylline. AB - The effect of pentoxifylline on red cell deformability was studied using a new device of a polycarbonate membrane filter ("Nuclepore') and a differential pressure type transducer. Differential pressure fluctuations due to the passage of red cells through the "Nuclepore' membrane were recorded as a differential pressure curve of red cell filtration. Red cell deformability was measured with a diluted red cell suspension (10 x 10(4)/mm3) in this buffered NaCl solution of normal osmotic pressure, 300m0sm/l as a suspending medium. Blood samples were taken from 9 healthy subjects and 26 patients with diabetes mellitus, liver disease and miscellaneous diseases. The ability of pentoxifylline to modify red cell deformability was investigated using concentrations of 20 micrograms/ml and 40 micrograms/ml in diluted red cell suspension which was incubated for 2 hours of 37 degrees C. Changes in red cell deformability were estimated from the gap between two differential pressure curves recorded in blood suspension with or without pentoxifylline. Addition of pentoxifylline increases red cell deformability in both groups of blood suspension in healthy subjects and patients. A significant increase in red cell deformability was observed in 40% of samples with the addition of 29 micrograms/ml pentoxifylline and in 77% of those with 40 micrograms/ml, respectively. PMID- 7238087 TI - Biochemistry of normal and abnormal epidermal differentiation. Proceedings of the U.S.-Japan Seminar, Boyne Falls, Michigan, July 29-August 2, 1979. PMID- 7238086 TI - Salbutamol and cardiac arrhythmias. AB - A study was carried out in 7 patients with chronic obstructive airways disease to investigate the possibility of serious cardiovascular effects after the intravenous infusion of salbutamol. Patients received salbutamol starting at 5 micrograms/min and increasing gradually to 20 micrograms/min. There results of blood gas analysis showed that all but one of the patients were hypoxic and there was evidence of improved ventilation at the end of the first hour of infusion in most, with a mean reduction of 0.43 kPa in PaCO2. The patients' ECGs were monitored continuously before and during the infusion. There was an increase in mean heart rate, but not significant arrhythmias clearly provoked by salbutamol were seen. It is concluded that these findings indicate that any cardiovascular risks with parenteral salbutamol are negligible. PMID- 7238088 TI - Cytochemical studies of nuclear DNA and RNA in normal and abnormal keratinizing tissues. AB - The distribution patterns of nuclear DNA and RNA in normal and abnormal keratinizing tissues of human skin were examined by electron microscopy, using an enzyme digestion technique. We found that the distribution of nucleic acids in the nuclei of epidermal cells during keratinization changes gradually. In the hair cells, particularly in the cells of hair cortex and Henle's layer of inner root sheath, essentially similar findings were observed. On the other hand, the distribution patterns observed in the tumor cells of calcifying epithelioma and the parakeratotic cells of psoriasis were different from each other and different from the distribution patterns of normal keratinizing tissue, hair, and epidermis. It seems that a similar pattern of reorganization of nucleic acids occurs in the nucleic of normal keratinizing cells as the cells keratinize. However, in abnormal tissue, it seems that the reorganization pattern of nucleic acids in the nuclei is different in each case. PMID- 7238090 TI - Basal lamina formation by epidermal cells in cell culture. AB - The formation of basal lamina in epidermal cell cultures was studied by electron microscopy. Epidermal cells were cultured on plastic dishes which were either uncoated or coated with collagen gel. The cells grew and stratified on the plastic substratum as well as on the collagen gel. While the cultures on the plastic surface showed no occurrence of hemidesmosomes and basal lamina at the interface with the plastic substratum, the cultures on the surface of the collagen gel showed development of hemidesmosomes leading to the focal occurrence of basal lamina at the interface of the collagen gel and the basal plasma membrane of basal cells. Thereafter, basal lamina occurred under the interhemidesmosomal areas in addition to the hemidesmosomal areas of the basal plasma membrane, forming a continuous layer by joining. PMID- 7238089 TI - Effect of chemical modification of keratinocytes and collagen in keratinocyte collagen interactions. AB - Neonatal and adult keratinocytes isolated from thin sections of split-thickness skin by trypsin-release show a preferential and strong attachment to collagen when compared to plastic, fibronectin-coated plastic, glass, or agar gels. We have investigated the reactive groups of keratinocytes and collagen required for this interaction and have determined the kinetics of attachment. At 37 degrees C both neonatal and adult keratinocytes show a rapid and irreversible attachment to collagen, reaching a plateau phase at 30-60 minutes. The cells cannot be replaced from the gel by extensive washing or by conditions normally expected to break ionic bonds. Chilling to 0 degree C before plating completely inhibits attachment, and heating at 37 degrees C reverses the inhibition. One cycle of freezing and thawing of cells inhibits the interaction. Removal of sialic residues from keratinocytes before plating with neuraminidase, or oxidation of sugars with periodate, does not inhibit attachment or growth, indicating that cell carbohydrates are not required for interaction with collagen. Neither denaturation of collagen with 8 M urea nor oxidation of sugar side chains on the gel with periodic acid affects attachment or growth. However, reaction of free-SH groups with iodoacetic acid or -NH2 groups with dinitrofluorobenzene of the gel completely inhibits growth. Blocking the guanidyl residues of collagen arginine with cyclohexanedione markedly alters all aspects of attachment, growth, and morphology, producing new and completely unique growth patterns. These studies indicate that specific chemical groups on collagen affect keratinocyte-matrix interactions and that the availability of specific residues in collagen directly influences growth and maturation. Most vertebrate cells remain closely associated with extracellular collagenous substances throughout their lifespan. The collagen may be present in both collagen fibers and in reticular fibers as well as in basement membranes. The way cells interact with and are anchored to these various substrata influences a number of important cellular functions including growth and maturation and the synthesis of extracellular matrix components. Skin epithelial cells display a particularly striking and strong dependence on collagen for growth. When plated on a collagen gel, the plating efficiency and growth is increased several-fold compared to other substrates such as glass, plastic, or agar. More recently, the initial observations on the selective attachment of keratinocytes to collagen gels have been extended by Murray et al., who demonstrated that guinea pig keratinocytes show increased plating efficiencies on Type IV collagen gels. In these studies, we have examined the mechanisms for keratinocyte-collagen interaction, and described the kinetics of attachment, the reactive sites on the cell and collagen, and the effects of chemical modification of collagen on the expression of the keratinocytes phenotype. PMID- 7238091 TI - Chemical carcinogenesis studies in mouse epidermal cell cultures. AB - Studies of tumor induction on mouse skin have provided insight into the basis biology of chemical carcinogenesis, but molecular mechanisms have been more difficult to elucidate. Mouse epidermal cell cultures have proven to be a valuable model for performing mechanistic studies. Previous data have indicated that such cultures proliferate and differentiate in a manner highly analogous to epidermis in vivo. In addition, carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair, and responses to tumor promoters are quite similar in mouse skin in vivo and in vitro. Recent data have extended these observations toward defining the biological characteristics of initiated cells and elucidating the mechanism of action of promoters and antipromoters. When mouse epidermis is cultured under conditions of low extracellular Ca++, proliferation is enhanced and terminal differentiation is inhibited. Addition of Ca++ induces terminal differentiation. If cells are treated with carcinogens under low Ca++ conditions and subsequently switched to standard Ca++, cell colonies which do not terminally differentiate evolve. Such colonies continue to synthesize keratin, are subculturable, and may represent preneoplastic cells. In other experiments, epidermal cells derived from mouse skin treated with carcinogens in vivo also demonstrate prolonged in vitro survival and subculturability while controls have a limited lifespan. Such studies suggest that biological alterations can be detected in epidermal cells exposed to carcinogens well before and the phenotypic expression of neoplasia. Exposure of epidermal cells to phorbol-ester tumor promoters induces ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). This induction is enhanced by corticosteroids and markedly inhibited by retinoids. Ultraviolet light also induces ODC in epidermal cells, but kinetic studies suggest that the early pathway of induction (afferent to the nucleus) is different from that of phorbol esters. The later pathways (efferent from the nucleus-i.e., transcription and translation) appear to be similar. Retinoids have only a minor suppressive effect on ODC induction by UV while corticosteroids enhance UV induction to the same extent as seen with phorbol esters These results suggest that the site of retinoids is in the afferent pathway while steroids act on the efferent pathway. PMID- 7238092 TI - A trial of a method to trace metabolic pathways of nucleic acids in keratinocytes. AB - It is well known that furocumarins produce a photoaddition compound with DNA, RNA, and certain kinds of amino acids upon exposure to long-wave ultraviolet light (UVA). It is also well known that both psoralens and psoralen photoconjugated compounds are fluorescent. After 8-methoxypsoralen was administered systemically and subsequently activated by UVA exposure, the hair and the epidermis were taken and observed under a fluorescent light microscope. The fluorescent materials appeared to be able to trace the metabolic pathway of psoralen-conjugated compounds such as DNA, RNA, and certain kinds of amino acids. Large amounts of nuclear proteins appeared to be transformed from nuclear proteins into certain structural proteins in keratinocytes. PMID- 7238093 TI - The synthesis of the cystine-rich proteins in rat epidermis: I. Analysis by [35S]cystine incorporation. AB - Three-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with 100 muCi of [35S]cystine. They were then sacrificed at 30 minutes, 2, 4, and 10 hours. The skins were epilated by the beeswax-resin procedure and the epidermis was separated by soaking in NH4Cl solution. Neither hair with hair follicles nor hair sheath was attached to the epidermal sheets after the epilation. Keratohyalin granules were solubilized after the freezing and thawing procedure. Living cell layers were separated from stratum corneum following further incubation in NH4Cl solution. Both the living cell layers and the stratum corneum were extracted with 8 M alkaline urea. Seventy-two to 92% of the total radioactivity incorporated into epidermal proteins was found in the urea-insoluble fraction of the stratum corneum. Only 2.4 to 6.4% of the total radioactivity was incorporated into the keratohyalin granular fraction. The specific radioactivity which was incorporated into the urea-insoluble fraction of the stratum corneum was still increasing 10 hours after injection, though the radioactivity in other fractions was decreasing at 10 hours following injection. The highest specific radioactivity of [35S]cystine was found in the urea-soluble fraction of the living cell layers, and was being rapidly turned over. PMID- 7238094 TI - Growth and differentiation of mouse epidermal cells in culture: effects of extracellular calcium. AB - The pattern of proliferation and differentiation in cultured mouse epidermal cells in markedly altered by modifying the ionic calcium concentration in the culture medium. When medium calcium is lowered from 1.44 mM to 0.05-0.1 mM, keratinocytes proliferate rapidly with a high growth fraction, do not stratify, but continue to synthesize keratin. The cells grow as a monolayer for several months and can be subcultured in low Ca++ medium. Ultrastructural examination of cells cultured under low Ca++ conditions reveals widened intercellular spaces with an absence of desmosomes. Microvilli are numerous, and tonofilaments and cellular organelles are organized perinuclearly. Epidermal cells growing as a monolayer in low Ca++ can be identified to terminally differentiate by adding calcium to the level normally found in the culture medium. Contact between cells occurs rapidly and desmosomes form within 2 hours. The cells stratify in 1-2 days and terminally differentiate in 3-4 days. After Ca++ addition, DNA synthesis decreases after a lag of 5-10 hours and is totally inhibited within 36 hours. In contrast, RNA and protein synthesis continue at 40-50% of the control level at Day 3, a time when many cells are detaching from the culture dish. Keratin synthesis is unaffected by the Ca++ switch. Manipulation of epidermal proliferation and differentiation by altering extracellular calcium levels should enhance the usefulness of epidermal cell cultures in the study of differentiation and carcinogenesis. PMID- 7238096 TI - Tissue culture of epidermal cells in some acantholytic dermatoses. AB - The explant culture of small skin specimens is a good model of in vivo epidermal growth. In this model epidermal cells are not dislodged and remain in vitro under the influences of the original mesenchyme, at least during early growth. Recently we attempted to grow epidermal cells from the skin lesions of some acantholytic dermatoses (Darier's disease [DD], Hailey-Hailey's disease [HHD], and pemphigus vulgaris [PV]) in explant culture, and we observed the behavior of outgrown epidermal cells for a relatively short time after explantation. The cell outgrowth from the skin of a patient with PV, which seemed to be apparently normal but showed positive Nikolsky's sign, formed a well organized flat sheet 48 to 96 hours after explantation, as seen in cultures of normal human adult skin. In contrast, the outgrown cells from the skin lesions of three patients with DD, as well as those from three patients with HHD, showed a characteristic disorganized outgrowth. They did not form the well-organized flat sheet, but showed a marked cell dissociation and conspicuously increased locomotive ability. These findings seems to clearly exhibit the processes of "acantholysis" in vitro and strongly suggest that the cells from these 2 latter dermatoses have a genetically determined insufficiency or defect in cell adhesion. From these results the authors conclude that the mechanism of cell dissociation in DD and HHD is fundamentally different from that in PV. PMID- 7238095 TI - Molecular markers of differentiation in the epidermis of the newborn rat. AB - Regulation in epidermal differentiation can best be studied if molecular mechanism can be associated with structural and functional changes. Such recognized associations include the cessation of mitosis through inhibition of DNA replication by a G1-inhibitor present in the suprabasal cells, the biosynthesis of a tonofilament-protein as an early event in keratinization, the biosynthesis of HRP0 (histidine-rich protein) and its polymerization to HRPI during the formation of keratohyalin, the conversion of HRPI to HRPII coincident with the loss of the nucleus from the granular cell, and the aggregation of the stratum corneum basic protein and keratin filaments to form fibers in the cornified cell. To this list can now be added changes in specificity for lectin binding to the cell surface as the keratinocyte progresses toward the cutaneous surface. This report presents data on a) the conversion of HRPI to HRPII and b) the differential lectin-binding in the epidermis of the newborn rat. HRPI (Mol. Wgt. greater than or equal to 10(6)) and HRPII (Mol. Wgt. 6 X 10(4)) have similar unique amino acid compositions and exhibit extensive-but not complete-homology in primary structures as determined by peptide mapping after exposure to trypsin. When labeled by exposure in vivo to radioactivity histidine, about 75 of the labeled histidine from both HRPI and HRPII appeared in one peptide fraction in the map, HRPI appears to have on histidine-containing fragment which is not present in HRPII. This peptide appears to contain phosphate and to account for the organically-bound phosphate which was found in HRPI but not defected in HRPII. Changes which occur in the lectin-binding specificity of the cell during differentiation may result from either movement or chemical change in carbohydrates at the cell surface. Immunofluorescent studies have shown that an isolectin from Bandieraea simplicifolia with specificity for alpha-D-galactose binds to the surface of basal and lower spinous cells, a lectin from Ulex europaeus with specificity for alpha-L-focus labels spinous cells, and a second lectin from B. simplicifolia with specificity for N-acetyl-D-glucosamine labels cornified cells. The relationship fo these alterations in the carbohydrates of the cell surface in intracellular structural and/or functional changes in unknown. PMID- 7238097 TI - Ambulatory ECG recording. Part I. PMID- 7238098 TI - You name it. PMID- 7238101 TI - Cutaneous epitheliomas on the lower extremities. PMID- 7238099 TI - Primary extragenital cutaneous gonorrhea. AB - A case report of a gonococcal pustule of the middle finger, presumably acquired from digital-genital contact, is presented herein. Gram stain and positive culture of the contents confirmed the diagnosis. The lesion resolved with drainage of the pustule and did not require systemic antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7238100 TI - Nevus leiomyomatosus systematicus. AB - Leiomyomas of the skin are classified as pilar, genital, or angioleiomyoma depending on the site of origin. Pilar leiomyomas are the most common form, and usually multiple tumors are found in a single patient. An unusual variant of multiple pilar leiomyoma is nevus leiomyomatosus systematicus, a descriptive term used when tumors are wide-spread and patterned, suggesting a nevoid condition. Many of the large pilar tumors are painful and require surgical excision for relief of symptoms. PMID- 7238102 TI - Lupus vulgaris: a case that escaped diagnosis for twenty-eight years. AB - Lupus vulgaris is uncommon in the United States and occasionally goes unrecognized for years before the diagnosis is made. A 65-year-old Mexican American man with disseminated tuberculosis was discovered to have a large annular lesion of lupus vulgaris on his buttocks and thighs. The lesion had been present and slowly enlarging for twenty-eight years. The clinical and histologic features of primary inoculation tuberculosis and reinfection tuberculosis of the skin are reviewed. PMID- 7238103 TI - Persistent purple plaques of the face caused by gingival hyperplasia. AB - Persistent plaques that develop primarily on the face may be caused by a variety of conditions, but rarely is purely intraoral infection the primary cause. A case report is presented in which massive prolonged gingival hyperplasia resulted in a persistent and peculiar purple facial lymphedema. The condition resolved only after the intraoral disease had been successfully treated. PMID- 7238104 TI - Pruritus ani. A symptom of fecal contamination. PMID- 7238105 TI - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and epidermolysis bullosa in the same family. AB - A clinical genetic study of a family is presented in which the mother and daughter were diagnosed as having Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Type III, and the son was diagnosed as having epidermolysis bullosa. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and epidermolysis bullosa are presented as genetic entities which might possibly have a causal relationship. It is suggested that physicians look for signs and symptoms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in infants with epidermolysis bullosa. PMID- 7238106 TI - Chronic edema of the vulva: a condition similar to cheilitis granulomatosa. PMID- 7238107 TI - Evaluation of a foil-guarded shaver in the management of pseudofolliculitis barbae. PMID- 7238108 TI - Skin moisturization without occlusion. PMID- 7238110 TI - Pseudomonas chromonychia. AB - The patient reported on herein presented with a greenish black great toenail. The discoloration was due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This report should alert the practitioner to the fact that Pseudomonas chromonychia may occasionally be mistaken for color changes produced by subungual hematomas, nevi, or malignant melanomas. PMID- 7238109 TI - Treatment of polymorphous light eruption with Trisoralen and natural sunlight. PMID- 7238111 TI - Semicircular thermocouple needle depth gauge for cryoprocedures. AB - A semicircular thermocouple needle depth gauge made of an aluminum alloy drilled with tracks at different angles to place thermocouple needles at various depths below the surface is described herein. Its shape offers definite advantages over circular jigs (templates) when doing cryoexperimentation and when used clinically. The material of which it is made is more durable than plastic. Grommets that firmly snap in place within the inner rim of the instrument permit accurate placement of liquid gas spray, cryoprobes, and other applicators directly over the thermocouple needle tips. This is of special importance when doing cryoexperiments. Furthermore, with this design, the advancing ice front and possible liquid gas runoff are more easily seen. By using both halves it is suitable for monitoring the temperature when freezing large tumors at two different sites and a different depths. PMID- 7238112 TI - Lichen striatus with onychodystrophy. AB - Two case reports of lichen striatus with nail dystrophy are presented herein. Review of the literature suggests a more protracted course for the cutaneous eruption if there is nail involvement. Biopsy is important to differentiate this condition from other linear lesions that may interfere with normal nail growth. PMID- 7238113 TI - Radiation dermatitis: a case report. AB - A unique form of vasculitis occurring six months after radiation therapy for postoperative breast cancer is described herein. This rare, unexplainable reaction is a very unusual occurrence. PMID- 7238115 TI - Whisker hair--an update. AB - Whisker hair is short, curly, dark hair that grows anterior to, above, and behind the ears in young persons who eventually develop severe androgenic alopecia. It is called whisker hair by lay persons because of its proximity and similarity to beard hair. Presented herein are some previously reported cases of whisker hair and a hypothesis on its eventual fate. PMID- 7238114 TI - Madura Foot: a case report. AB - Mycetoma or Madura foot is a chronic infection of the foot characterized by swelling and multiple sinuses. The sinuses discharge pus composed of colored granules which contain the infecting organism. Although this entity is still rare in the United States, an increasing immigrant population and rapid air transportation have resulted in a greater number of cases being reported. A case of Madura foot is presented in which initial cultures yielded Staphylococcus aureus. Dicloxacillin was prescribed and this led to some improvement in the condition. Later, a gram-stained specimen of exudate from an inguinal site showed actinomycetes. Because of this finding, amoxicillin was then administered. As a result, the condition dramatically improved with subsequent healing of the involved bone. PMID- 7238116 TI - Chronic urticaria associated with bacterial infection. A case of dental infection. AB - In most cases of chronic urticaria, a specific etiology cannot be determined. This should not discourage the physician from continuing to search for its underlying cause. Infection has long been considered a cause of urticaria, although the incidence is probably low when all other common causes are considered. A case of chronic urticaria of five years duration, which was associated with chronic extensive dental infection and periodontal disease, is presented to show the importance of infection as a trigger mechanism of urticaria. PMID- 7238117 TI - Psychocutaneous medicine: recalcitrant dermatoses seen as a transition object through the psychiatric periscope. AB - Recalcitrant dermatoses may be a manifestation of a symbolic transition object. Psychologically, the patient uses his skin eruption to assure himself that he is a separate person with his own boundaries. A method is presented which describes a way in which to control recalcitrant dermatoses without using potentially dangerous drugs. PMID- 7238118 TI - Atypical familial benign chronic pemphigus. AB - Two patients with atypical features of familial benign chronic pemphigus (FBCP) are presented herein. One patient had lesions limited to the anterior chest and the other had lesions localized to the lateral arms. Neither patient had prominent intertriginous involvement. These cases illustrate the protean manifestations of this disease. PMID- 7238119 TI - Electron microscope studies on the effects of dimethyl sulphoxide in mammary glands of Long Evan rats during foetalogeneis. AB - The effects of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) in mammary glands of rats during foetalogeneis was studied by means of electron microscopy. Certain morphological alterations were observed in secretory tubules and epithelial cels of mammary glands. These alterations were not evident in control tissues. Secretory tubules of DMSO-treated mammary glands showed dissociation, thickening of granular fibrous-like material and profound darkening. Morphological alterations observed in epithelial cells involved decrease and dissociation of fibrillar complexes, numerous electron-dense droplets, mitochondria with disrupted cristae, hypertrophied granular endoplasmic reticuli, vacuoles and cellular debris. Thus, the results in this study suggest that DMSO at sublethal dosages induces morphological alterations in mammary gland tissue of rats during 16.5 days of gestation. PMID- 7238120 TI - Genetic control of plastid differentiation. 3 ultrastructure of plastids in different green revertant spots of the plastom mutant Pl-alb1 of Lycopersicon esculentum. AB - Reverse mutations in plastid DNA give rise to phenotypically different green spots on the white tissues of the homoplastic plastom mutant Pl-alb1. The structure of the plastids in one yellow-green, one green and one dark-green spot, each arising by independent reverse mutation, was studied by means of electron microscopy. Although the same revertant plastid types (type 1 with a weakly developed lamellar system; type 2 with vacuolized grana, and type 3 with a wild type-like structure were found in all three spots, variations in separation of Pl alb1 and revertant plastids, and in the predominant revertant plastid type, were observed among the spots investigated. The revertant plastids of different phenotype occurred not only within one spot, but also within one cell. An hypothesis explaining this phenomenon is suggested. PMID- 7238121 TI - Coupling of replication, transcription and translation under two different steady state conditions in Allium cepa meristems. AB - Replication, transcription and translation rates have been analysed in root meristems of Allium cepa L. growing under two different steady conditions (10 and 25 degrees C). Cell size and the relative duration of cycle compartments are similar for both steady states, while cycle time is four times longer at the lower temperature. Though replication and translation rates per cycle are similar, at the lower temperature there is a doubling in the production of rRNA which coincides with the presence of enlarged nucleoli. There is some reduction in the maturation efficiency of this over-produced rRNA, and both the number and the efficiency of ribosomes in protein synthesis are also decreased. Hence, regulation in the post-transcriptional processes accounts for the similar protein production per genome in these two cycles. PMID- 7238122 TI - Lateral asymmetry in human chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 15, and 16. AB - Chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 15, and 16 show lateral asymmetry after replication in the presence of BrdU and staining with Giemsa at pH 10.4. Lateral asymmetry is thought to result from an unequal interstrand distribution of thymine in regions of repetitive DNA. Compound lateral asymmetry in 1 may be due to the presence of two segments of DNA differing in base composition and with different strands rich in thymine. Polymorphism for lateral asymmetry is observed in the AT-rich quinacrine-positive centromeric regions of 3 and 4, even though none of the four satellite DNAs are demonstrable by in situ hybridization there. Other workers have shown that a satellite fraction isolated using Hoechst 33258 and an EcoRI restriction fragment of human satellite DNA map on 3. There is no evidence for the presence of satellite DNA on 4. Since 20% of the DNA in the human genome reassociates at a C0t of less than or equal to 1 and only 4% is satellite DNA, 4 may have repetitive nonsatellite sequences; on the other hand the lack of an appropriate satellite probe may be the limiting factor. Lateral asymmetry in the Y has been demonstrated using the Hoechst method by other workers but cannot be observed with BrdU-Giemsa staining at pH 10.4. PMID- 7238123 TI - Somatic pairings of the Y heterochromatin in human XYY and XYqi cells. AB - In human interphase nuclei containing Yq isochromosomes or two Y chromosomes, there are conspicuous somatic pairings between the brightly fluorescing Y heterochromatin regions. These somatic pairings cannot be demonstrated in metaphases from conventional cell cultures because they are disrupted at the mitotic prophase. However, in lymphocytes cultivated in a medium containing distamycin A, the somatic pairing between Y-heterochromatin is preserved to metaphase. The present findings are compared with earlier observations of somatically paired heterochromatin. An explanation for the highly disparate frequency of somatic pairing between the Y-heterochromatin regions in Yq isochromosomes and YY chromosomes is proposed. PMID- 7238124 TI - Chromosomal evolution in African megachiroptera: G- and C-band assessment of the magnitude of change in similar standard karyotypes. PMID- 7238125 TI - NOR-bearing Y chromosome in a primate, Hylobates (Symphalangus) syndactylus. PMID- 7238126 TI - The pathophysiological basis of drug toxicity. PMID- 7238127 TI - Drug-associated nephropathy. Part II: Tubulo-interstitial lesions. A: Acute interstitial nephritis, nephrotoxic lesions, analgesic nephropathy. PMID- 7238129 TI - Drug-induced damage to the embryo or fetus (molecular and multilateral approach to prenatal toxicology). PMID- 7238128 TI - Drug-associated nephropathy. Part II: Tubulo-interstitial lesions. B: Hypokalemic alterations. PMID- 7238130 TI - Uroporphyrinogen synthetase in erythrocytes. Its diagnostic value in latent acute intermittent porphyria with special regard to the gene penetrance. PMID- 7238131 TI - The use of TcpO2 monitoring in neonatal intensive care. PMID- 7238132 TI - Consumer education for EMR students. PMID- 7238133 TI - Clinicotherapeutic aspects in the growing skull fracture. A review of the literature. PMID- 7238134 TI - Dandy-Walker malformation and associated cardiac anomalies. AB - 2 patients with Dandy-Walker malformations (DWM) and cardiac anomalies are presented. The types of cardiac defects with septal involvement are suggestive of an early embryonic abnormality occurring before 6 weeks' gestational age. This correlates with the postulated timing of the development of the DWM and suggests a complex developmental anomaly. Awareness of the associated systemic and central nervous system anomalies in patients with the DWM in regard to management and prognosis is emphasized. PMID- 7238135 TI - Sacral intraspinal lipoma associated with congenital iliac anomaly. AB - 2 cases of a peculiar unilateral protuberance near the iliac bone with intraspinal abnormalities are reported. 8 cases have been described in the literature with this characteristic congenital association; they indicate the frequency of an occult spinal dysraphism which must be proved by myelography. In each case, surgical treatment of bone abnormality or of intraspinal lesions, or of both, should be discussed. PMID- 7238136 TI - Effect of multiple trauma on outcome of pediatric patients with neurologic injuries. AB - In a 3-year period, 95 patients with severe head injury (unconsciousness greater than 6h duration) were treated at our institution. Of these, 46 patients (48%) had isolated head injury and 49 (52%) had head injury plus severe multiple trauma. Multiple trauma was scored using the Modified Injury Severity Scale. All patients in the multiple trauma group had at least one additional area of severe injury. Severity of head injury, judged by Glasgow Coma Score, presence of mass lesions, abnormal posturing or flaccidity, impaired or absent oculocephalic reflexes, and fixed, dilated pupils, was much greater in the isolated head injury group. In spite of this, poor outcome (death or vegetative/severe disability) was 2 1/2 times as frequent in the multiple trauma group. Shock, refractory hypoxemia and sepsis were contributing factors in this increased morbidity and mortality. Increasing Modified Injury Severity Scale scores were associated with increased morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7238137 TI - Spinal chordomas in infancy. Report of a case and analysis of the literature. AB - Chordomas are extremely rare among the spinal tumors in pediatric age. The sacrococcygeal region is the typical site of such a lesion. A case of spinal chordoma in a child 4 years old, at the T12-L1 level, is reported. The tumor was surgically removed and a local radiotherapy was performed, but 9 months later spreading of lung metastases was observed. The unusual site along the vertebral column and the metastatic potential of this tumor are discussed. The very few cases reported in the literature were analyzed. PMID- 7238138 TI - Orbital meningocele presenting as periorbital cellulitis. AB - A case of orbital meningocele in a 15-day-old infant presenting as periorbital cellulitis, followed by meningitis, is described. Unlike other cases with the same anomaly, signs were not noted in the involved eye, neither before the cellulitis nor after recovery following antibiotic treatment. Preoperative, diagnosis was confirmed by tomography of the orbit. On operation a bony defect was found in the orbital roof, which was repaired. Recovery was uneventful. PMID- 7238139 TI - Effects of adult commentary on children's comprehension and inferences about a televised aggressive portrayal. AB - Comprehension of explicitly portrayed events and implicit information in television dramatic narratives has been found to be poor for children as old as second and third graders. In the present experiment the effectiveness of an intervention to facilitate comprehension for young viewers was tested. Adult coviewers stated implicit relations between important explicitly portrayed events during viewing for some second-grade children, while others heard neutral comments at the same points in the plot. Children who heard facilitating commentary scored significantly better on understanding of implicit program content related to the adults' statements, although their scores on other program information were not affected. Adult coviewers may facilitate inferences about important program content for young viewers, who are unlikely to infer such relations spontaneously. The results were discussed in terms of their implications for previously reported relationships between children's understanding and their evaluative and behavioral responses to televised models. PMID- 7238140 TI - Simulating conditions of child abuse in the laboratory. AB - A child abuse analog was created by placing an adult in a frustrating teaching situation with a child learner. The child's performance was programmed to deteriorate despite the adult's teaching efforts. The intensity of the adult's responses used to terminate the child's signals of success or failure was examined over the course of the interaction. The magnitude of these responses increased over trials, particularly in response to signals of failure, and these increases occurred without the adult's awareness. The findings were considered within the context of a social interactional model of child abuse, in which the adult's aggressive behaviors were presumed to result from arousal generated by the child's aversive behaviors. PMID- 7238141 TI - Effectiveness of a social learning method for enhancing children's social interaction and peer acceptance. AB - Previous research indicates that the consequences of peer isolation or rejection may be severe. The present investigation examined changes in low-accepted children's behavior and peer acceptance resulting from social learning approach to social skill training. Third-grade children responded to a sociometric measure and were later observed on targeted social skills. 36 children with low scores on both criteria were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental conditions: skill training, attention control, and nontreatment control. Children in the training condition were coached in 3 social skills: asking questions, leading, and offering support to peers. Sociometric and observational assessments were conducted upon completion of the experimental procedures and at follow-up. Trained children spent a significantly greater percentage of time engaging in 2 of the 3 trained skills at posttest and follow-up, whereas control group children remained the same or declined. Unlike their control group counterparts, trained children also evidenced significant and lasting gains in classroom peer acceptance. The results are interpreted as support for the intervention's effectiveness and a social learning explanation of behavioral change. PMID- 7238142 TI - Sexual development, age, and dating: a comparison of biological and social influences upon one set of behaviors. AB - Data from the U.S. National Health Examination Survey of 12-17-year-old youths were used to determine whether the development of the social behavior of dating is more closely linked to the level of sexual maturation or to the progression through age grades without reference to sexual maturation. Regression analyses and partial correlations show that individuals levels of sexual maturation add very little to the explained variance in dating after age had been taken into account. It appears that social pressures, based on behavior considered typical and appropriate at various ages, determines the onset of dating in adolescents. Individual rates of sexual maturation that deviate from the norm for that age have little impact on dating. These findings show how social standards can reduce dramatically the impact of individual biological processes on institutionalized forms of behavior. PMID- 7238143 TI - Infants' perception of natural and distorted arrangements of a schematic face. AB - The techniques of visual preference and of habituation were used to test the ability of 1- and 2-month-olds to discriminate various arrangements of the features of the human face. We showed infants schematic drawings of a human face with the features (1) arranged naturally, (2) arranged symmetrically but scrambled, and (3) arranged asymmetrically and scrambled. 2-month-olds discriminated among all 3 arrangements; 1-month-olds appeared not to discriminate between any of them 2-month-olds also showed a preference for a natural arrangement of the features, but 1-month-olds did not. Thus, by 2 months infants may recognize how the features of a natural human face are arranged and generalize that knowledge to schematic faces. PMID- 7238144 TI - The perception of facial expressions by the three-month-old. AB - We used habituation to investigate 3-month-olds' abilities to discriminate and recognize smiling and frowning expressions posed by the mother or by a female stranger. Infants discriminated between the expressions and recognized which expression they had seen during the habituation trials; they did so whether the expressions were posed by the mother or by the stranger. However, when the expressions were posed by the mother, more infants showed the discrimination, and boys looked at her pictures longer than girls. These differences suggest that infants' previous experiences with faces influence their perceptions of the facial expressions. PMID- 7238145 TI - Analysis of cry features in newborns with differential fetal growth. AB - This article describes the relation between neonatal cry features and anthropometric indices of fetal growth. Ponderal indices were calculated to characterize 57 2-day-old infants as underweight for length, average weight for length, or overweight for length. Although no differences were found between the cry features of underweight and overweight infants, these infants at the extremes of the distribution of ponderal indices required more stimulation to elicit a pain cry and had a longer latency from the stimulus to cry onset and a higher fundamental frequency in the cry sound than infants with average ponderal indices. Whereas overweight infants cried for shorter amounts of time than average-weight infants, no differences were found in this sample between the underweight and average-weight infants. Test of differences in the variances of the groups paralleled the tests of mean differences. Because these cry features have been used to distinguish infants along a wide continuum of conditions where the functioning of an infant's central nervous system has been impaired or stressed, it was suggested that certain cry features may reflect the risk status of individual infants with anthropometric signs of both retarded and accelerated fetal growth. PMID- 7238147 TI - Developmental changes in infants' retention of visual stimuli. AB - In the first of 2 studies of visual recognition memory, 6- and 9-month-old infants were tested for their ability to differentiate novel from familiar test stimuli immediately following brief amounts of familiarization. After all problems were given, the paired test stimuli were re-presented for a test of delayed recognition memory. The delay test thus occurred after a period during which the infant had been looking at a number of different intervening stimuli. The 6- and 9-month-olds both showed significant recognition memory on 3 of the problems immediately following familiarization. While the older infants continued to show recognition on each of these problems after a delay, the younger infants failed to show evidence of retention on 2 of the 3 problems they had been able to recognize initially. In a second study, 6-month-olds were tested for delayed recognition under conditions where the interval between the familiarization and test was free of any interpolated visual stimuli. Despite this effort to minimize interference, the pattern of responding remained virtually identical to that of the first study. Thus the 6-month-olds appeared to have difficulty recognizing the stimuli over short delays, even in the absence of intervening distractors. The greater capacity for delayed recognition memory among the 9-month-olds is discussed in terms of other memory changes that may be taking place at that age. PMID- 7238146 TI - The relationship between physical growth and infant behavioral development in rural Guatemala. AB - The present study investigated the relationship between a number of anthropometric indices and behavioral development during the first 2 years of life in rural Guatemala. Length and weight were the indices most strongly correlated with behavioral development. If the effect of the infant's length and weight was statistically controlled for, none of the other anthropometric variables explained a significant proportion of the variance in behavioral development. Controlling the length (or weight) assessed at the same age as the behavioral assessment, length (or weight) for younger ages was not significantly correlated with behavioral development. Changes in length or weight over time correlated with changes in behavioral performance. We were unable to explain the association between physical growth and behavioral development by a number of variables including gestational age, nutrient intake, prevalence of disease, and familial characteristics. PMID- 7238148 TI - Visual short-term cued recall memory in infancy. AB - The visual short-term cued recall memory of 8-, 12-, and 16-month-old infants was assessed in 2 experiments using an operant indirect delayed-reaction procedure. Infants were first trained to touch a discriminative stimulus (a light) which appeared randomly in 1 of 2 locations for 3 sec. When infants reached a criterion performance of 5 consecutive correct responses, delay varying in duration were introduced between the offset of the light and the infant's touching response to the location at which it had appeared. In experiment 1, 8-month-olds and 12-month olds were tested, using 250-msec and 3-, 6-, and 9-sec delays. Results indicated that the location of the discriminative stimulus could be recalled by 8-month olds at 250-msec delays; and by 12-month-olds at 250-msec and 3-, 6-, and 9-sec delays. In experiment 2, 8-, 12-, and 16-month-olds performed better than chance, while 8-month-olds did not. The amount of visual attention was not related to the correctness of a response and was not used as a mediating strategy. Results are discussed with reference to previous research on the development of recall memory. PMID- 7238150 TI - Developmental aspects of cross-language speech perception. AB - Previous research has suggested that infants discriminate many speech sounds according to phonemic category regardless of language exposure, while adults of one language group may have difficulty discriminating nonnative linguistic contrasts. Our study attempted to address directly questions about infant perceptual ability and the possibility of its decline as a function of development in the absence of specific experience by comparing English-speaking adults, Hindi-speaking adults, and 7-month-old infants on their ability to discriminate 2 pairs of natural Hindi (non-English) speech contrasts. To do this, infants were tested in a "visually reinforced infant speech discrimination" paradigm, while a variant of this paradigm was used to test adults. Support was obtained for the above hypotheses. Infants were shown to be able to discriminate both Hindi sound pairs, and support for the idea of a decrease in speech perceptual abilities wih age and experience was clearly evident with the rarer of the 2 non-English contrasts. The results were then discussed with respect to the possible nature and purpose of these abilities. PMID- 7238149 TI - The adipocyte-number hypothesis. AB - The adipocyte-number hypothesis was derived from experimental studies of rats. It states the number of adipocytes (fat cells) is fixed early in life and predestines an individual to be lean or obese depending on changes in the number of adipocytes. However, the present methods for estimating adipocyte number are based on the estimation of total body fat and of adipocyte size. While total body fat can be measured reliably, little is known of the validity of these estimates. the measurement of adipocyte size is reliable if care is taken that cells are not damaged during the application of those methods in which cells are isolated. Nevertheless, these methods are probably preferable to those based on the measurement of intact tissues; human errors are more likely with the latter. The major problem with the measurement of adipocyte size is the unrepresentative nature of the specimen examined and the fact that adipocytes that are devoid of fat are not included in the count. There is disagreement as to whether the rapid increases in total body fat during infancy are due mainly to increases in adipocyte number or in adipocyte size. Furthermore, data from animal experiments indicate that the number of adipocytes may not be fixed during adult life. Age-to age correlations show almost 0 correlations between measures of obesity before 6 years and the same measures at 16 years, but these correlations increase rapidly after 6 years. Serial data show no more than a slight tendency for obese infants to become obese adults. These findings do not support the adipocyte-number hypothesis. PMID- 7238151 TI - Visual asymmetry on a color-naming task: a longitudinal study with primary school children. AB - Visual half-field asymmetries on a unilateral, monocularly presented tachistoscopic color-naming task for a 5- and a 7-year-old cohort were were remeasured after a 2-year interval and after a 1-year interval for a 10-year-old cohort. The curvilinear developmental trend observed on the first occasion of testing was fitted to a second-order polynomial equation, and this was used to predict mean laterality indices for each cohort on retesting. Null hypotheses were advanced that the mean values observed on retesting would not depart significantly from predicted means. These null hypotheses were upheld and an explanation of the curvilinear developmental trend in terms of changes in information-processing strategies is advanced. PMID- 7238152 TI - Attachment and early maltreatment. AB - Attachment outcomes of 31 maltreatment cases (extreme neglect or abuse) selected from a total poverty sample of 267 high-risk mothers were compared at 12 and 18 months to a subsample of 33 cases with a history of excellent care. In accordance with the Bowlby-Ainsworth hypothesis, the maltreatment group was characterized by a low proportion of secure attachment (Ainsworth's group B) at 12 months (38% compared to 75% in the excellent care group and 55% in the remaining total sample); however, differences at 18 months were not significant. Specifically, 50% of the cases with a history of neglect were in Ainsworth's group C (anxious/resistant attachment) at 12 months, compared to usual reports of approximately 10% and compared to 21% in the total poverty sample. Patterns of attachment between 12 and 18 months remained stable for the mother-infant pairs in the excellent care group, however, 52% of the mistreated infants changed classifications. For the neglect subgroup there was considerable movement toward Ainsworth's group A (anxious/avoidant attachment) at 18 months and some movement toward group B. An examination of the case histories of mother-infant pairs indicated that changes in attachment between 12 and 18 months were related to changing life events, support from family, and out-of-home care. These findings are highly tentative as were the findings which suggested that secure attachment within the maltreatment group was associated with the presence of a supportive family member, less chaotic life-style, and, in some instances, a more robust infant. PMID- 7238153 TI - Behavioral and linguistic developments in the interactions of normal and retarded children with their mothers. PMID- 7238154 TI - Effects of epidural anesthesia on newborns and their mothers. AB - The effects of epidural anesthesia on newborns were studied using a sample of babies from mothers having (a) little or no medication during childbirth (N = 15), (b) epidurals with bupivacaine (N = 20), and (c) epidurals in combination with oxytocin to stimulate labor (N = 20). Outcome measures included assessments of neonatal behavior (Brazelton Scale), mother-baby interaction during feeding, and mothers' perceptions of their babies' behavior during the first month after delivery. Effects of drugs on the neonatal behavior were strongest on the first day. By the fifth day, there was evidence of behavioral recovery, but the medicated babies continued to exhibit poor state organization. At 1 month, examiners observed few differences between groups, but unmedicated mothers reported their babies to be more sociable, rewarding, and easy to care for, and these mothers were more responsive to their babies' cries. The importance of the first encounters with a disorganized baby in shaping maternal expectations and interactive styles was discussed. PMID- 7238155 TI - Stability of individual differences of neonatal motor and crying patterns. AB - Longitudinal research suggests that characteristic levels of individual energy expenditure are enduring over time and influencing personality development. To measure characteristic levels of energy output at the very beginning of life, the activity and crying patterns of 72 normal neonates were monitored for 1-3 days by an electronic activity monitor. This monitor measures crying, noncrying, and total activity of various amplitudes and cry time. Day-to-day stability was highly significant in daytime crying, noncrying and crying activity, and median amplitude of noncrying movements. The amplitude of noncrying movements had the highest day-to-day stability, with correlations of .69-.80 This measure of the vigor of the infants' movements was not related to the infants' activity level as expressed in the frequency of movements and was not confounded by the infants' crying. The activity and crying measures were not significantly affected by the infants' sex or weight, length of labor, maternal parity, or by the analgesic drugs used during labor and delivery. Over the first 3 days of life, the amplitude or vigor of the infants' movements increased, while the frequency of motions did not change significantly. PMID- 7238156 TI - [Surgical treatment of spinal instability using Daab's serrate plate]. PMID- 7238157 TI - [Treatment of spinal fractures using Daab's plate]. PMID- 7238158 TI - [Determination of orthopedic and neurological symptoms in surgical patients due to spinal nerve compression by pathologically changed intervertebral disk in the lower segment of lumbar spine]. PMID- 7238160 TI - [Surgical treatment of dislocation of the semilunar bone]. PMID- 7238159 TI - [Surgical treatment of comminuted trochanteric fractures in elderly patients using a condylar bone plate]. PMID- 7238161 TI - [Fractures of the talus]. PMID- 7238162 TI - [Use of the electronic indicator for the measurement of compression force in stable osteosynthesis]. PMID- 7238163 TI - [Electronmicroscopic studies of the epiphyseal cartilage in juvenile slipped epiphysis of the femur head]. PMID- 7238164 TI - [Analysis of the results of treatment in acute hematogenic osteomylitis and chronic bone abscesses by irrigation drainage]. PMID- 7238165 TI - [Early results of treating Dupuytren's contracture by the Skoog method]. PMID- 7238167 TI - [Principles of diagnosis and treatment of chondro-osseous injuries and defects of the knee joint]. PMID- 7238166 TI - [Cylindrical and Maquet's barrel-vault osteotomy of the upper tibial end in the treatment of degenerative changes in the knee joint]. PMID- 7238170 TI - [Biomechanics of the wrist joint]. PMID- 7238168 TI - [Clinical and radiological aspects of thoraco-lumbar osteochondrosis]. PMID- 7238169 TI - [One-stage wedge resection in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 7238171 TI - [Distortion of the wrist joint]. PMID- 7238172 TI - [Wrist fractures]. PMID- 7238173 TI - [Wrist dislocations]. PMID- 7238174 TI - [Reconstructive surgery of the wrist]. PMID- 7238175 TI - [Control of low-dose heparin therapy using photometry to detect biologically active heparin]. AB - The low-dose heparin prophylaxis depends upon a low-level activation of antithrombin III to prevent thrombin generation. For the routine regiment, the application of 5000 units twice daily seems sufficient to reduce fatal lung embolism. By comparing three commercially available heparins (Thrombophob, Thrombo-Vetren, Heparin-Dihydergot) the effectiveness of the so-called low-dose heparin application was controlled with a chromogenic substrate assay (Coatest, Kabivitrum). Only twice-daily Heparin-Dihydergot resulted in an average heparin level of 0.12 +/- 0.78 m/ml plasma, which was sufficient to provide an effective thrombosis prophylaxis. PMID- 7238176 TI - [The pathogenesis of stomach wall necrosis following selective proximal vagotomy]. AB - Six patients with necrosis of the lesser curvature of the stomach after proximal selective vagotomy are described. The decreased circulation due to proximal selective vagotomy can lead to extensive necrosis of the lesser curvature in cases of lack of submucosal plexus, and especially in cases with stenotic arteriosclerotic collaterals. However, one must differentiate localized perforations caused by a intraoperative laceration of the gastric wall and perforations of a gastric ulcer. Renal insufficiency, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, generalized arteriosclerosis, and previous splenectomy are, in our experience, contraindications for a proximal selective vagotomy. Those cases should be treated by selective gastric vagotomy with pyloroplasty. PMID- 7238177 TI - [Indications for the various surgical procedures in hepatic echinococcosis]. AB - This report deals with 38 patients suffering from hydatid disease of the liver. The most frequently performed operative procedures were hepatic resection (n = 16), filling the cavity with normal saline solution (n = 16), filling the cavity with normal saline solution (n = 8), and total cystectomy (n = 6). Hepatic resection is mainly indicated in patients with alveolar echinococcosis of the liver lobe have to be removed. In patients with only one hydatid cyst of the liver the simple method of saline filling should be preferred. The prerequisite of saline filling is that no biliary fistula exists. If the remaining cavity of the hydatid cyst fills with bile, it can be easily drained under local anaesthesia with computertomographic control. Mebendazole was given in two cases with alveolar echinococcosis of the liver that could not be treated surgically. In both cases this treatment proved to be effective. PMID- 7238178 TI - [Diagnosis and results of treatment in appendicitis]. AB - In a period of 5 years 3455 appendectomies were performed because of appendicitis. Acute appendicitis (i.e. gangrenous appendicitis, appendiceal abscess, perforated appendicitis) was found in 30% of all appendectomies. Histological finding, sex, age, symptoms, duration of illness until operation, technique of operation and postoperative complications were documented in a form suitable for computer input and analyzed. The lethality of appendectomy was 0.38%. PMID- 7238179 TI - [Congenital megacolon in adults]. AB - Hirschsprung's disease is reported in 11 adults. About half of the patients had had previous surgery without relief of their symptoms. Diagnosis is established by a history of obstinate constipation since birth, the physical finding of abdominal distension and signs of large bowel obstruction without mechanical impediment. The definite diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease rests on the demonstration of the absence of intramural ganglion cells in the rectum. The patients reported on underwent either the Rehbein-type operation or the Duhamel retrorectal pull-through. A three-stage procedure is recommended. Late results were satisfactory with both techniques provided there had been adequate resection of the aganglionic segment and anal dilatation to overcome the spasm of the internal anal sphincter. PMID- 7238180 TI - Circadian variation in the susceptibility of male Balb/C mice to ifosfamide. AB - At each of 6 different timepoints during a single 24-h span, a different subgroup of male Balb/C mice, previously standardized to a 12:12 LD schedule (L from 0600 to 1800) was challenged by one of a series of 5 different dosages of ifosfamide (450, 550, 650, 750 and 850 mg/kg) administered by a single i.p. injection. The measured endpoint of response was the number of deaths per experimental group within 96 h after the administration of the drug. The LD10, LD50 and LD95 (with 95% CL) were calculated by probit analysis. A statistically significant circadian rhythmicity was detected among each of the estimated LD% doses by single cosinor analysis. Male Balb/C mice 5 to 6 weeks of age were most susceptible to the toxic effects of ifosfamide during the middle and late hours of the rest span and most tolerant of the drug during the final hours of the activity span. The acrophase of the best fitting cosine approximation of the dosages required to produce 50% mortality was 03(49), 3 h and 49 min after the midpoint of the daily activity span (00(00)). The experimentally determined LD50's, with 95% CL, ranged from 792 mg/kg (703 mg/kg, 891 mg/kg) at 0500 to 596 mg/kg, (552 mg/kg, 643 mg/kg) at 1700, with a mesor (24-h time series mean) of 694 +/- 14 mg/kg. PMID- 7238181 TI - [Study on toxicity of kitazine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238182 TI - [Determination of degree and extent of atmospheric pollution by oil mist in an oil port (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238184 TI - [Isolation of Japanese B encephalitis virus from Culex (Barraudius) modestus Ficalbi in Shenyang area (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238186 TI - [Experimental study on etiology of pneumoconiosis among workers exposed to artificial corundum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238183 TI - [The toxicology of peanut oil antidotes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238185 TI - [An approach to the statistical treatment of multiple groups of small frequencies in medical research--hypergeometric probability distribution and its application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238187 TI - [Isolation of pathogenic leptospirae from frog urine and kidneys (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238188 TI - [Effects of treatment of nosocomial wastes with NaOCl produced by electrolysis of salt solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238190 TI - [Determination of efficiency of a micro-type nozzle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238191 TI - [Effects of reduced water fluorine content in the control of endemic flurosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238189 TI - [Preliminary study on toxicity of acephate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238192 TI - [Familial hepatitis B infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238193 TI - [Comments on genito-urinary tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238194 TI - [Review of genito-urinary tumors in Shanghai (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238195 TI - [The changes of incidence and constituents in genito-urinary tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238196 TI - [A epidemiological survey of bladder carcinoma in chemical dye industry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238197 TI - [Artificial renal infarction in treatment of renal tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238198 TI - [Evaluation of radiofrequency diathermy and radiation for bladder cancer: a preliminary report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238200 TI - [Testicular tumors in children: report of 52 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238199 TI - [Long-term follow-up of sigmoid colon substitution for urinary bladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238202 TI - [Analysis of 15 cases of pheochromocytoma operated under epidural anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238201 TI - [Clinical analysis of tumors of penis in 165 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238203 TI - [Preliminary observations on posttraumatic corticosteroid response (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238204 TI - [Measurement and correction of antevertion of femoral neck in children with congenital dislocation of hip (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238205 TI - [Treatment of congenital dislocation of hip in infants with abduction splint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238206 TI - [Focal debridement of tuberculosis of hip with fascia late-plasty in 18 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238207 TI - [Fracture of neck of talus: report of 35 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238208 TI - [Reversed fracture of internal epicondyle of humerus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238210 TI - [Mechanical perforation of esophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238209 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of esophagus : report of 35 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238211 TI - [Auto-transfusion with blood from traumatic hemothorax in civil accidents and war injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238212 TI - [Treatment of cardiospasm with diaphragmatic graft (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238213 TI - [Management of 91 cases of penetrating craniocerebral injuries due to missiles (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238214 TI - [Selective distal spleno-renal shunt: report of 25 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238215 TI - [Choledochoduodenostomy in treatment of cholelithiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238216 TI - [Experiences in treatment of hepatic echinococcosis with Roux-Y cystojejunostomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238217 TI - [Intra-abdominal xanthosarcoma and xanthogranuloma: report of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238218 TI - [Coeliac parasitic granuloma : report of 6 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238219 TI - [Primary peritonitis in adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238220 TI - [Intussusception due to intestinal plastic tube infusion : report of 4 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238221 TI - [Extra-anal mosaic type of rectocolostomy for Hirschsprung's disease: report of 68 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238222 TI - [On the cause, prevention and treatment of presacral massive hemorrhage during rectectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238223 TI - [Parathyroid carcinoma: report of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238224 TI - [Hyperparathyroidism due to adenoma of parathyroid : report of 4 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238225 TI - [Agkistrodon halys bite treated with specific antivenin: discussion on 665 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238226 TI - [Early surgical treatment of electric burns of bilateral upper extremities: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238227 TI - [Cicatricial atresia of cervical esophagus requiring local inversive flap: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238228 TI - [An automatic manipulation-traction apparatus for protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238229 TI - [Total cystectomy and sigmoido-cystoplasty : combined transabdominal and perineal approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238230 TI - [Symposium on the differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary lesions with 3 or less centimeters in diameter (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238231 TI - Selective use of adjuvant radiation therapy in resectable colorectal adenocarcinoma. AB - Colorectal cancer recurs within the operative field in 10-20 per cent of patients undergoing potentially curative surgery. In certain subgroups, the recurrence rate is 20-50 per cent. There are some data to suggest either preoperative or postoperative radiation therapy as an adjuvant to potentially curative surgery can reduce the local operative failure rate. However, since radiation therapy has significant side effects, patient selection to maximize the therapeutic ratio is important. This report defines the criteria at the Massachusetts General Hospital for selection of patients with colorectal cancer for adjuvant radiation therapy, defines radiation therapy-surgery sequencing alternatives used, and describes techniques to reduce radiation side effects. Over a period of three and a half years, 196 patients received adjuvant radiation therapy: 51 patients received either moderate or low dose preoperative radiation therapy to rectal or rectosigmoid cancers, and 161 patients received postoperative radiation therapy to the pelvis or extrapelvic colonic tumor-lymph node beds. Some patients who received low-dose preoperative radiation therapy also received moderate-dose postoperative radiation therapy. We prefer moderate-dose postoperative radiation therapy as the approach most likely to decrease the local recurrence rate with minimal interference with surgical procedures and late small-bowel complications. Patients who received postoperative radiation therapy were those without distant metastases, whose primary tumor pathology revealed macroscopic or extensive microscopic transmural tumor penetration into extraperitoneal tissues. Careful case selection, multiple field techniques, the use of reperitonealization, omental flaps, and retroversion of the uterus into the pelvis were combined with postoperative small-bowel x-rays, bladder distention, and lateral portals to minimize radiation damage to normal structures. PMID- 7238232 TI - Elective postoperative radiotherapy after incomplete resection of colorectal cancer. AB - It is known that patients with incompletely resected epithelial cancers are at high risk of local recurrence. A prospective study to determine whether elective postoperative radiotherapy can decrease the incidence of local recurrence and thus improve survival of those patients with an incompletely resected tumor was made of 125 irradiated patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer (B2, C1, C2) 78 patients had rectosigmoid tumors and 47 had colonic cancers. Complete resection (R0) was performed in 94 patients (75 per cent). Thirteen (10 per cent) had microscopic (R1) and 18 (14 per cent) had gross residual disease (R2). Local control and survival (average follow-up, 38 months) of patients with microscopic residual cancer (RI) were 84 per cent (11/13) and 77 per cent (10/13) respectively. These results were identical to those obtained in patients without residual disease (R0). Patients with gross residual disease (R2) had a local control of 50 per cent (9/18) and a survival of 39 per cent (7/18). Radiation complication occurred in seven of 125 patients (6 per cent). One patient died, of radiation enteritis. One patient required a nephrostomy. The remaining five patients were treated conservatively. Elective postoperative radiotherapy given to patients who had incomplete resection of a colorectal cancer prevented local recurrence in the majority and may have increased survival. PMID- 7238233 TI - Pediatric colonoscopy. AB - With the improvement of instruments, colonoscopy has become applicable also for children. During the past 10 years, pediatric colonoscopies were performed 83 times on 45 infants and children. The value and indications in pediatric colonoscopy are described here. Pediatric colonoscopy is a very significant complement to the conventional clinical and radiologic examinations. PMID- 7238234 TI - Limitations of biopsy in preoperative assessment of villous papilloma. AB - Between January 1975 and December 1979, 58 patients were diagnosed as having villous papilloma of the large bowel. A retrospective review was performed and all histologic specimens were re-examined by one gastrointestinal histopathologist (H.T.). On review, 19 (23 per cent) lesions were reclassified as not being villous papilloma. Results of preoperative biopsy examinations were misleading in 13 of the 29 patients who had biopsy procedures reported by any member of the histopathology department. When the assessment of malignancy in the initial biopsy specimens was compared with that of the final histologic diagnosis, there were ten (34 per cent) false-negative and three (10 per cent) false-positive reports. Even when the excised specimens were reviewed for malignancy by a specialist gastrointestinal histopathologist, there were seven (24 per cent) false-negative results. PMID- 7238235 TI - Anomalous creatine kinase isoenzymes in serum from patients with rectal carcinoma. AB - Sera from eight patients with biopsy-proven rectal carcinoma were assayed for creatine kinase (CK). Two of the patients had enzyme activity: one with the BB and the other with an MB isoenzyme. We think that our results may be of interest because the detection of anomalous isoenzymes of CK in serum ma serve as a diagnostic marker or as an indicator of the effectiveness of treatment. PMID- 7238236 TI - Surgical treatment of metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. AB - Ninety-one patients with recurrent or metastatic colorectal adenocarcinomas were studied according to the anatomic areas of the recurrent tumor. In Group A, 30 patients with anastomotic recurrence, diagnosis was made in the majority within two years from initial surgery; most of them had specific symptomatology. A significant number of patients had blood in the stools. In half of the patients, complete resection of the recurrent tumor was feasible. In Group B, 47 patients with intra-abdominal recurrence, there was some delay in diagnosis; the symptomatology was less specific, and fewer patients were rendered free of tumor following reresection. The medial survival and estimated five-year survival rate were, in both groups, strongly related to the completeness of the resection. In Group C, with distant metastasis (eight patients with pulmonary and six with liver metastasis), the disease-free interval was longer compared to the previous groups. The metastatic tumor was found in three patients, four or more years after the initial surgery. The medial survival was the same as in the two other subgroups with complete resection of the recurrent tumor. PMID- 7238237 TI - Resected ovarian recurrence from colorectal adenocarcinoma: a study of 13 cases. AB - Thirteen (1.4 per cent) of 882 female patients managed by resection for primary colorectal adenocarcinoma subsequently required for operation for ovarian recurrence. The clinical, pathologic and survival data of this group have been analyzed. Their age (mean +/- s.d., 51.2 +/- 8.4 years) was less (P = 0.004) than that of the total series of female patients (59.4 +/- 13.0 years). Survival varied from 15 to 96 months (mean 17 months) from the ovarian operation. Three patients were still alive with no evidence of recurrence at the time of the review. The low incidence of ovarian recurrence requiring operation does not support recommendations for prophylactic oophorectomy in all patients. PMID- 7238238 TI - Rapidly growing carcinoma of the colon. AB - Carcinoma of the colon is usually considered a slow growing neoplasm. Three case reports are presented demonstrating growth rapid by previous standards, stimulating a reassessment of the literature. The present data suggests tha rapidly growing colonic cancers may not be unusual and this might ultimately be reflected in changing currently accepted screening practices. PMID- 7238239 TI - Sexual adjustment in ileostomy patients before and after conversion to continent ileostomy. AB - Questionnaires were sent to 48 ileostomy patients to evaluate the effects on sexual life of an ileostomate before and after conversion to a continent ileostomy. Forty-two patients (88 per cent) returned their questionnaires. Ninety eight per cent of the patients had sometimes felt embarrassed, uncertain or inhibited by the conventional stoma, whereas only 24 per cent had these reactions after conversion to a continent ileostomy. About 80 per cent of the patients thought that the conventional ileostomy disturbed their sexual life because of the risk of leakage, odor, noise or such inhibitory influence to the continent ileostomy. Four men (31 per cent) and 15 women (52 per cent) reported that their sexual activity was reduced or absent when they had their conventional ileostomy. After conversion to a continent ileostomy all but one man and one woman considered their sexual activity to be normal. One-third of the patients claimed that the partner was embarrassed by the conventional ileostomy, but no partner admitted a negative reaction towards the continent ileostomy. Conversion to a continent ileostomy improved the quality of sexual life in about 85 per cent of both men and women. PMID- 7238240 TI - Lymphangioma of the transverse colon treated by transendoscopic polypectomy: report of a case and review of literature. AB - This report concerns a 73-year-old man complaining of intermittent, dull, umbilical pain on one month's duration. Barium-enema examination and endoscopy revealed a hemispheric cystic tumor at the midportion of the transverse colon, and the presumptive diagnosis was cystic submucosal tumor of the colon. Transendoscopic polypectomy was performed and the bulk of the lesion was locally excised from the colonic mucosa. Histologic examination revealed cavernous lymphangioma originating from the submucosa. PMID- 7238241 TI - Mixed adenosquamous carcinoma of the cecum: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A case of mixed adenocarcinomatous and squamous carcinomatous tumor of the cecum is reported. The squamous elements present in the tumor had all the criteria of malignancy and not of simple squamous metaplasia (as in adenoacanthoma). The term mixed adenosquamous carcinoma should therefore connote such a tumor. PMID- 7238242 TI - Ulcerative colitis and sarcoidosis: a curious association-report of a case. AB - A case of ulcerative colitis associated with generalized sarcoidosis is reported, bringing to four the number of such cases reported. The association of these two disorders in the same patient is at least curious because altered immunologic mechanisms of different type are considered to be involved in the two diseases. PMID- 7238243 TI - The cancer family syndrome: a status report. PMID- 7238244 TI - Removal of a glass foreign body from the rectum. PMID- 7238245 TI - The colon as an endocrine organ. PMID- 7238247 TI - Bacteria and gallstones. Etiological significance. AB - Two hundred consecutive gallstone cases have been subjected to bacteriological study employing improved anaerobic culture techniques. In addition to Clostridia species, species of anaerobes such as Bacteroides fragilis, Peptococcus, Veillonella, and Eubacterium are found to be present, some of which possessed beta-glucuronidase activity. This finding has a certain bearing on the etiology of bile pigment calcium stones. In addition to Escherichia coli, Bacteroides and Clostridium often found in the biliary tract may contribute to the formation of bile pigment calcium stones by producing beta-glucuronidase and thus deconjugating bilirubin diglucuronide to form free unconjugated bilirubin which in turn combines with calcium, leading to stone formation. In contrast, very low bacterial incidence was associated with cholesterol stones and so-called black stones--sometimes called pure pigment stones--and thus bacteria play little role, if any, in their formation. Therefore, bile pigment calcium stones and so-called black stones, which are often classified as pigment stones indiscriminately, should be differentiated not only because of their difference in their appearance and composition but also in their etiological background. Regardless of the kind of stones present in the common duct, the incidence of bacteria was found to be increased. PMID- 7238246 TI - Effects of liquid formula diets on proximal gastrointestinal function. AB - Upper gastrointestinal function in response to liquid test meals of varying osmolality (337, 519, and 696 mosmol/kg) was studied in volunteers. The osmolality was varied by changing the carbohydrate component from a glucose polymer (Polycose) to sucrose. During the first hour, the least hypertonic meal was emptied most rapidly, leading to the highest rate of nutrient delivery to the duodenum. Most carbohydrate was hydrolyzed and absorbed (65-82%) in the duodenum. Higher flow rate and carbohydrate load at the ligament of Treitz soon after administering the Polycose meal had to be compensated by increased water and monosaccharide absorption in the first 30 cm of jejunum. Thus, at a point 30 cm into the jejunum, there were no significant differences in the flow and composition of chyme; all but about 10% of the carbohydrate load was absorbed; and the flow rate was no higher than after an ordinary meal. PMID- 7238248 TI - Liver arterialization improves hepatocytes ultrastructure in rats with portacaval shunts. AB - The effect of arterialization (ART) of the distal stump of the portal vein after portacaval shunt (PCS) on bile formation and liver ultrastructure was assessed. ART using the left gastric artery was performed in male Wistar rats. Animals were sacrificed 3 weeks later. ART prevented body and liver atrophy. However, the liver weight to body weight ratio was significantly decreased when compared to sham PCS (2.5 +/- 0.36 vs 3.22 +/- 0.15). Reduction in total bile secretion (microliter/min) seen following PCS is reversed by ART. ART partly corrected hepatocyte size atrophy and the major ultrastructural abnormalities, namely the irregularity of the nucleus and dilation of the nuclear envelope and of the rough endoplasmic reticulum appearing after PCS. However, mitochondria remained swollen, deformed and enlarged with scission figures. No lesions in connection with ART were seen. This result confirms, at the ultrastructural level, the beneficial effect of ART in PCS. PMID- 7238249 TI - Effects of casein and fibrin on calcium absorption and calcium homeostasis in the rat. AB - To test the hypothesis that individual proteins have specific effects on calcium absorption, two proteins, casein and fibrin, were pair-fed in diets to rats for 3 weeks. Each protein was fed at normal (1.2%) and low (0.02%) calcium intakes. Diets were matched in other nutrients. Calcium absorption, measured in vitro as serosal-to-mucosal concentration ratio of 45Ca developed by duodenal sacs, was the same for both protein groups when calcium intake was normal and was increased by both low-calcium diets. Comparing low-calcium diets, absorption was greater in fibrin-fed than casein-fed groups. Balance studies showed that casein- and fibrin fed rats taking normal calcium diets excreted the same amounts of calcium and phosphorus in urine and feces. Fibrin-fed rats taking low calcium excreted twice as much calcium as casein-fed rats and had decreased serum calcium. The balance data suggest that, compared to casein, fibrin prevents absorption or promotes excretion of calcium when calcium intake is low, and the response to calcium depletion is enhanced calcium absorption. It is concluded that individual proteins can alter calcium transport through effects on overall calcium homeostasis. PMID- 7238250 TI - Allergic granulomatous vasculitis (Churg-Strauss Syndrome). Report of a case with widespread digestive involvement. PMID- 7238251 TI - Cimetidine-induced hepatitis. Electron microscopic observations and clinical pattern of liver injury. PMID- 7238253 TI - Irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 7238252 TI - Defining the irritable bowel. PMID- 7238254 TI - SGOT-SGPT ratios. PMID- 7238255 TI - Rifampicin and hepatic bile acid elimination. PMID- 7238256 TI - Pancreatic polypeptide release in gastric ulcer. AB - The pancreatic polypeptide (PP) response to a protein-rich meal has been studied in similarly aged patients with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and controls. The response of the gastric ulcer patients was significantly lower at all points than that of the duodenal ulcer patients or controls, which were similar to one another. Vagal stimulation is probably the single most important factor in PP release, and it is possible that diminished PP release in the gastric ulcer patients is a reflection of vagal underactivity. PMID- 7238257 TI - Abnormal gastric emptying response to pentagastrin in duodenal ulcer disease. AB - The effect of pentagastrin on gastric emptying in duodenal ulcer disease (DU) is unknown. The evaluation of this effect is complicated by the simultaneous action of the hormone on gastric secretion. We compared gastric emptying and net gastric output in 17 patients with active DU to that of 11 healthy controls. A dye dilution technique was used to determine net acid output, fractional emptying rate, and acid emptying rate during a basal period and after pentagastrin (6 microgram/kg/hr, intravenously). Net basal acid output observed in controls (54 +/- 10 microEq/min; mean +/- SE) was used as the primary criterion for separating DU patients into 12 normosecretor (30 +/- 10 microEq/min) and 5 hypersecretor patient groups (163 +/- 40 microEq/min). The pentagastrin-stimulated net acid output was significantly greater in hypersecretor patients than in controls (P less than 0.01) but was normal in normosecretor patients. Basal fractional emptying and acid emptying rates were significantly greater in hypersecretors than in controls (P less than 0.05) but were normal in normosecretors. In contrast, both normo- and hypersecretor patients had significantly greater fractional emptying (P less than 0.01) and acid emptying rates than controls (P less than 0.05) during pentagastrin infusion. Thus, a greater load of acid transiently enters the duodenum in duodenal ulcer disease following pentagastrin stimulation, even in the absence of gastric hypersecretion. PMID- 7238259 TI - Rectal biopsy in Crohn's disease. AB - Rectal biopsies from a series of 35 patients with radiologic evidence of Crohn's disease were assessed histologically and classified according to the type of lesions identified. These were then correlated with the sigmoidoscopic findings and site of radiologic involvement. Overall, 40% of the biopsies were abnormal, and in 28% the changes were highly suggestive of Crohn's disease. Granulomas were identified in 15%. Differences between sigmoidoscopic interpretation and histologic diagnosis were present in 11% of cases. This yield of positive biopsies is similar to earlier reports but is approximately double the numbers recorded by the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Survey. It is concluded that rectal biopsy may confirm the diagnosis in unselected cases of Crohn's disease and provide useful information in patients where the diagnosis was not previously established. In our hands rectal biopsy was an extremely safe diagnostic procedure. PMID- 7238258 TI - Endoscopic and histopathological study on primary and secondary intestinal lymphangiectasia. AB - Jejunal endoscopy and histopathological study of biopsied specimens were performed to clarify states of jejunal mucosa and the mechanism of enteric protein loss in six patients with protein-losing enteropathy, including four patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia, one patient with constrictive pericarditis associated with dilated lymphatics of the intestine, and one patient with Budd-Chiari syndrome. Three cardinal endoscopic findings, scattered white spots, white villi, and chyle-like substances covering the mucosa, were demonstrated in protein-losing enteropathy. Scattered white spots indicated markedly dilated lymphatics in the stroma of the villi. White villi seemed to be due to fats including chylomicrons or fat droplets in the absorptive cells, interepithelial spaces, and/or stroma, even though the biopsies were obtained in the fasting state. Therefore, white villi suggest impaired transport of fats from intestinal epithelial cells to intestinal lymphatics. These three cardinal findings are thought to be characteristic for protein-losing enteropathy secondary to lymphatic disorders. PMID- 7238260 TI - Hepatic morphology in obesity. AB - Changes in hepatic morphology were evaluated in 242 consecutive liver biopsy specimens obtained from nonalcoholic obese subjects. Steatosis occurred in 59.7% of the subjects but was moderate to severe in 28.7%. An alcoholic hepatitis-like picture was present in 8.7% and cirrhosis in 2.7%. Fibrosis of mild and moderate degrees was encountered in 26.1% and 5.8%, respectively. This study indicates that the histopathological changes that occur in the livers of obese subjects are similar to alcoholic liver injury. PMID- 7238261 TI - Etiology of jejunoileal bypass-induced liver dysfunction in rats. AB - Several recent studies suggest that jejunoileal bypass-induced liver disease results from malabsorption of essential nutrients. However, in experimental animals, resection of the defunctionalized bowel substantially reduces bypass induced liver injury. Such models are often used to support the theory that bacteria in the defunctionalized bowel produce toxic substances which result in liver damage. We used a rat model to first explore the effects of intestinal bypass vs resection on various parameters of liver injury, and subsequently compared these findings to the effect of both bypass and resection on mucosal adaptation in the remaining intact bowel after each procedure. Bypassed animals had lower levels of hepatic cytochrome P-450, glucose-6-phosphatase, pentobarbital hydroxylase, and serum triglycerides than did animals undergoing resection of defunctionalized bowel. Concurrently, resected animals had much greater increases in mucosal weight, DNA content, and protein content in the intact bowel than did bypassed animals. We speculate that the beneficial effects of resection of bypassed bowel on liver function may be a result of increased mucosal hyperplasia in resected animals, rather than elimination of production of toxic substances in the defunctionalized bowel. PMID- 7238262 TI - BSP clearance as the most reliable criterion of hepatic dysfunction after jejunoileal bypass in the rat: arguments in favor of the existence of a pathogenetic mechanism involving a transient malnutrition state. AB - In rats subjected to 90% jejunoileal by-pass or in sham-operated controls, liver function was compared to plasma nutritional state and adaptation of the intestine in continuity over a period of 3 months. While the plasma levels of GOT, GPT, and esterases A and C as cholinesterase C did not differ in either group, the percentage of retention of BSP increased until 8 weeks, then returned progressively to control values 12 weeks after small-bowel bypass. In contrast, plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels decreased significantly until 6 weeks, then recovered control values over the following periods. Plasma total protein and albumin levels also diminished after jejunoileal bypass, the most marked decrease being at the 4th postoperative week. The increase in villus size following the intestinal bypass was considered pronounced for the ileum between the 8th and the 12th week. These results suggest that BSP clearance is the most reliable criterion for hepatic dysfunction in the rat subjected to a jejunoileal bypass. In addition, the parallelism between the variations of BSP clearance, intestinal adaptation, and plasma nutritional state argue for the "nutritional" theory as the most probable explanation for the formation of hepatic lesions. PMID- 7238263 TI - Inability to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the duodenum of HBsAg positive persons. AB - Incubation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive serum with duodenal fluid (DF) of normal persons results in marked reduction of immunoreactivity. This was shown to be caused by: (1) interference with radioimmunoassay (RIA) system and (2) actual destruction of HBsAg. The interference in the RIA system could be counteracted by addition of bovine serum and a reproducible detection system of HBsAg in DF was established. DF of HBsAg-positive persons was negative for HBsAg. One HBsAg carrier who had a partial pancreatectomy for an insulinoma had separate cannulae in his bile and pancreatic ducts. Whereas HBsAg could be detected in bile, it was undetectable in pancreatic juice. Incubation of his pancreatic juice with his bile resulted in disappearance of HBsAg. It appears that a factor present in pancreatic juice, or resulting from the interaction of pancreatic juice and bile, results in disappearance of HBsAg immunoreactivity. PMID- 7238265 TI - The azathioprine controversy: J.E. Lennard-Jones vs John W. Singleton. PMID- 7238264 TI - Hyperprolactinemia in portal systemic encephalopathy. AB - The accumulation of false neurotransmitters such as octopamine and depletion of true neurotransmitters such as dopamine have been purported to play a pathogenetic role in portal systemic encephalopathy (PSE). Therefore, we measured plasma prolactin, a known sensitive indicator of functional dopamine activity in man, in an attempt to evaluate dopaminergic function in 21 patients with alcoholic liver disease and PSE and several control groups. Subjects with PSE had markedly elevated prolactin levels (P less than 0.01) when compared to all control groups. Moreover, patients with PSE were divisible into two groups, 12 having mildly increased prolactin levels and 9 having markedly elevated levels. Although the degree of PSE was similar in both groups, those PSE patients with the higher prolactin values had significantly greater derangement of serum albumin, bilirubin, prothrombin time, and also had a higher mortality (100%). These data: (1) provide evidence consistent with the hypothesis of altered neurotransmitter function in individuals with chronic alcoholic liver disease, particularly those manifesting evidence of PSE; (2) suggest that altered dopamine function in chronic liver disease may have pathophysiologic significance as judged by altered hormone release; (3) demonstrate that a markedly elevated plasma prolactin level in individuals with PSE carries an ominous prognosis; and (4) suggest a possible role for the plasma prolactin in the selection and monitoring of PSE patients who are to be treated with agents aimed at correcting neurotransmitter abnormalities. PMID- 7238267 TI - An unusual perforation of the esophagus. PMID- 7238266 TI - Myxedema and upper esophageal dysmotility. PMID- 7238268 TI - Paucity of interlobular bile ducts: getting to know it better. PMID- 7238269 TI - Syndromatic hepatic ductular hypoplasia (arteriohepatic dysplasia): a clinical and hepatic histologic study of three patients. AB - Clinical and pathologic features of three patients with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis from birth are described. Each patient exhibited a paucity and hypoplasia of interlobular bile ducts, unusual facies, short stature, a pulmonary ejection systolic murmur, and structural anomalies of vertebrae. This constellation of defects constitutes a distinct syndrome to which the terms arteriohepatic dysplasia and syndromatic hepatic ductular hypoplasia are applied. Clinically, cholestasis was not progressive and, although the SGPT was chronically elevated (122--520 units/liter), features of liver cell failure did not develop. Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins and serum bile acids were consistent with chronic cholestasis. Liver biopsies from the three cases revealed pseudoxanthomatous change, increased stainable copper and mild hepatocellular degenerative changes. Electron microscopy of one of the liver biopsies revealed extension of thick bundles of collagen from portal areas into hepatic lobules with obliteration of the space of Mall. With increasing age, portal tracts contained fewer bile ducts. This apparent progression of the lesion was not associated with an inflammatory cell infiltrate, progressive fibrosis, or the development of cirrhosis. PMID- 7238270 TI - Sulfated bile acids in serum, bile, and urine of cirrhotic patients before and after portacaval anastomosis. AB - Sulfated and unsulfated bile acid composition was studied in serum and bile in 10 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Samples, collected before and 2 months after portacaval anastomosis, were analyzed using a gaschromatographic method. Mean total serum bile acid levels rose from 32.0 +/- 5.3 (SE) mumol/liter before to 87.4 +/- 13.3 mumol/liter after surgery (P less than 0.005). The increase in serum bile acid levels was significantly only with respect to the unsulfated fraction (22.7 +/- 3.0 mumol/liter to 67.6 +/- 8.1 mumol/liter, P less than 0.005). Thus the percent sulfation of total serum bile acid decreased from 24.6% to 19.2%. The sulfated bile acid fraction comprised mainly chenodeoxycholate both before and after surgery. Percent sulfation of individual bile acids was not modified after portacaval anastomosis. Bile acid sulfates were present in bile only in negligible amounts. The daily urinary excretion of bile acids, studied in 6 patients, increased significantly (P less than 0.05) after surgery, the increase being due only to the unsulfated compounds. Data from this study indicate that in cirrhotic patients no significant changes occur in serum with respect to sulfated bile acids after portacaval anastomosis, despite a definite increase in serum unsulfated bile acid levels. This is likely due to the lack of an efficient enterohepatic circulation of bile acid sulfates. PMID- 7238271 TI - Intraperitoneal coagulation in chronic liver disease ascites. AB - Twenty patients with the ascites of chronic liver disease were investigated for in vivo evidence of active coagulation within ascites by detection of fibrin monomer. Increased levels of fibrin monomer, increased fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products, and absent or low levels of fibrinogen in the ascites of all patients tested confirmed the presence of intraperitoneal coagulation when ascites is present. PMID- 7238272 TI - Evidence for an association between cholelithiasis and diverticular disease of the colon: a case-controlled study. AB - A prospective case-control study was carried out to determine if there was a true association between diverticular disease of the colon and cholelithiasis. The prevalence of gallstones was higher in 102 patients with diverticular disease of the colon (45%) than in 102 control subjects, matched for age, sex, body weight, and number of pregnancies (22%) (P less than 0.001). The difference was only significant in women. Although these results obtained in hospitalized patients cannot be generalized to the population at large, this study suggests an association between diverticular disease of the colon and gallstone disease. The possibilities of referral bias, detection bias, and chance are considered, and the mechanism of this association is discussed, with particular reference to the role of a fiber-depleted diet. PMID- 7238273 TI - Crohn's ileitis and ileocolitis: a study of the anatomical distribution of recurrence. AB - The records were reviewed of 56 consecutive patients with Crohn's disease (CD) who had had an ileocolonic anastomosis formed during surgical resection for Crohn's ileitis or ileocolitis. Twenty-seven patients (48%) were found to have radiological, pathological, or surgical evidence of recurrent CD. Of 24 patients with a diagnosis of Crohn's ileitis at initial surgery, 9 were found to have recurrent disease proximal to the anastomotic site. Of 32 patients with ileocolitis, 11 had recurrent disease proximal and distal to the anastomosis. Contrary to many prior reports, recurrent CD is not always located proximally to a surgical anastomosis. The distribution of recurrent CD tends to be a statistically significant function of the initial anatomical location with proximal recurrence found most often in Crohn's ileitis, while proximal and distal recurrence is associated with Crohn's ileocolitis (X2 = 4.5 P less than 0.05). PMID- 7238274 TI - Circulating trypsin-like immunoreactivity in chronic pancreatitis. AB - The present study has been designed to work out the factors regulating the fasting serum levels of trypsin-like immunoreactivity in chronic pancreatitis. One hundred patients with chronic pancreatitis have been included and studied during a painless phase of the disease. No relationships have been observed between serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity and the presence of pancreatic calcifications. Serum immunoreactive trypsin levels showed a gradual decline parallel to the progressive impairment of bicarbonate and enzyme (trypsin and chymotrypsin) outputs in duodenal aspirates during pancreatic secretory studies. Therefore, serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity levels are thought to reflect the functional capacity of the exocrine pancreas. Reduced levels of trypsin-like immunoreactivity were detected in almost all patients with diabetes and steatorrhea. However, the finding of low levels also in a minority of chronic pancreatitis patients with normal endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or pancreatic secretory tests points to other factors which, in addition to the atrophy of the pancreatic parenchyma, may influence the circulating levels of trypsin-like immunoreactivity in chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7238275 TI - Nonoperative measurement of pancreatic and common bile duct pressures with a microtransducer catheter and effects of duodenoscopic sphincterotomy. AB - Duodenoscopic manometry of the pancreatic duct (PD) and common bile duct (CBD) using a microtransducer catheter was distinct advantages over infusion manometry, giving absolute values of in situ intraluminal pressure. Microtransducer manometry was performed without medication in 49 patients with gallbladder stones (10), common bile duct stones (24), hepatic duct stones (6) and common bile duct dilatation (9), and was successful in 42 (86%) for PD and 36 (73%) for CBD. Ductal pressures showed respiration-synchronized biphasic variations superimposed by the arterial pulsation effect. Considerable postural change of the pressure values suggested that the recording posture should be predetermined. The PD-to duodenum pressure gradient was higher than the CBD-to-duodenum gradient in most cases. Both were lower than those obtained previously by infusion methods. No significant differences were found in pressure profiles of the four disease groups. Endoscopic sphincterotomy significantly reduced not only CBD pressure but also PD pressure. PMID- 7238277 TI - Measurement of the endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram. AB - The diameters of the common hepatic and bile ducts were measured in 100 endoscopic retrograde cholangiograms, and the effect of magnification was determined. Duct diameters were magnified by up to 48%. They were increased in some patients with chronic pancreatitis and after cholecystectomy, but were sometimes normal in patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction. PMID- 7238276 TI - Effects of cholestyramine and synthetic hydrotalcite on acute gastric or intestinal lesion formation in rats and dogs. AB - Cholestyramine, a bile-binding agent, markedly inhibited the development of gastric lesions induced by water-immersion stress in rats and of gastric and intestinal lesions induced by indomethacin in rats and dogs with an intact pylorus. However, cholestyramine had no effect on gastric lesions induced by stress in pylorus-ligated rats and on aspirin-induced gastric lesions in rats and dogs with or without pylorus ligation. Hydrotalcite, a potent antacid, significantly inhibited the gastric lesions induced by stress and aspirin in rats and dogs with or without pylorus ligation. Hydrotalcite also inhibited the gastric lesions induced by a single administration of indomethacin in rats with an intact pylorus. In contrast, the agent had no effect on gastric and intestinal lesions induced by repeated administration of indomethacin to rats and dogs with an intact pylorus. These results suggest that while bile probably plays an important role in the pathogenesis of stress-induced gastric lesions and of indomethacin-induced gastric and intestinal lesions, bile does not appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of aspirin-induced gastric lesions. PMID- 7238278 TI - Crohn's disease of the mouth and ovary. AB - A patient is presented who has granulomatous involvement of the gingiva, ileum, cecum, appendix, and ovary consistent with Crohn's disease. A discussion of the uncommon oral and ovarian lesions is presented. PMID- 7238280 TI - [Pre-auricular fistulas in Senegal]. PMID- 7238279 TI - [Value of successive use of aldactone and aldactacine in the management of congestive heart failure involving at the outset hypokalemia with or without cardiac rhythm disorders]. PMID- 7238281 TI - [Indeterminate macular form of leprosy]. PMID- 7238283 TI - [Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 7238282 TI - [Extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis in the Medical Services of Bamako (apropos of 148 cases recorded in 2 years at the Point G Hospital]. PMID- 7238284 TI - [Psoriasis in Senegal]. PMID- 7238285 TI - [Laryngeal histoplasmosis caused by histoplasma duboisii]. PMID- 7238286 TI - [Reduction of Butenandt's acid and Butenandt's dihydroacid by sodium borohydride]. PMID- 7238287 TI - [Reduction of Butenandt's acid by zinc in an acetic medium]. PMID- 7238288 TI - [Follow-up studies of 100 pulmonary tuberculosis patients 5 years after their discharge from the hospital]. PMID- 7238290 TI - [Cancer of the cervix uteri in an African environment in Dakar (retrospective study of 411 cases seen at the Cancer Institute]. PMID- 7238289 TI - [Campaign against intestinal parasitoses: improvement of sanitary conditions of mass chemotherapy. Zaire]. PMID- 7238291 TI - [Etiopathogenic aspects of megadolichocolon in Dakar]. PMID- 7238292 TI - [Analysis of epidermiologic aspects of food consumption in Kinshasa (Zaire). Longitudinal study of 1.177 households]. PMID- 7238293 TI - [Epilepsy after 50 in a hospital setting in Dakar]. PMID- 7238294 TI - [2 DNA synthesis enzyme systems in the nuclei of the loach Misgurnus fossilis. Participation of DNA polymerase alpha in the replication of embryonal nuclear DNA and DNA polymerase beta in the synthesis of hepatic nuclear DNA]. PMID- 7238295 TI - [Sharp differences in the stability of DNA--protein interactions of resting and proliferating cells]. PMID- 7238296 TI - [Recombination origin of the epidemic A/USSR/90/77 strains of influenza virus]. PMID- 7238297 TI - Prophylactic antimicrobials in surgery. PMID- 7238298 TI - Immunisation against bee and wasp stings. PMID- 7238299 TI - Contact dermatitis caused by polyamide trouser pockets. AB - 16 patients with a contact dermatitis limited to the thighs where polyamide trouser pockets contact are described. In a few patients there was also a photosensitive-like flare-up on the uncovered parts, such as face, neck and upper chest. Covered and uncovered lesions disappeared on changing their polyamide pockets to cotton ones. 11 of the 16 patients reacted positively to their own pockets. The clinical features, the histopathological studies and photobiological exploration are exposed. The actual linings used in the dressmaking industry are exposed. The procedures of fabrication and textile finishing of these pockets are described, also the chemicals used in these processes. Four cases showed sensitization to Bisphenol-A, but the intervention of epoxy resins in the fabrication of the pockets was technically denied. The relationship between these patients and other similar reported cases is discussed. PMID- 7238300 TI - [The effect of some hexachlorobenzene catabolites on the porphyrin metabolism of rats (author's transl)]. AB - In answering the question as to what role possible metabolites of hexachlorobenzene play in the procreation of toxic hexachlorobenzene porphyria in rats, both pure hexachlorobenzene and different mixtures were fed to them. In each case 20% of the hexachlorobenzene was replaced by pentachlorophenol, 1,2,4,5 tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol or chloranil. The determination of porphyrins at different intervals once the feeding had started did not give rise to an increase in the porphyria in any of these substances--which are seen as metabolites of hexachlorobenzene. Instead there was a distinct decrease in individual cases. From this the conclusion is drawn that none of the tested substances is the metabolite of hexachlorobenzene, which is in fact responsible for the hexachlorobenzene porphyria. PMID- 7238302 TI - [Position on the current status of PUVA therapy]. PMID- 7238301 TI - [Psoriasis, skin cancer and PUVA]. PMID- 7238303 TI - [UV exposure of miners]. PMID- 7238304 TI - [Sense and nonsense of ethics committees]. PMID- 7238305 TI - [Results of computed tomography of the lumbar vertebral discs (author's transl)]. AB - As shown in 150 patients, myelography and computed tomography (CT) lead to identical results in the investigation of vertebral disc lesions of the lower lumbar spine. In less severe disc changes, where myelography is not indicated, CT findings largely correspond with clinical findings. CT investigations are risk free, without side effects, painless, fast and economical. PMID- 7238306 TI - [IgD plasmocytoma: clinical and differential diagnostic features (author's transl)]. AB - A 64-year-old man died of IgD plasmocytoma only two months after onset of first symptoms. The course of the disease was characterized by marked renal insufficiency, hypercalcaemia with cardiac arrhythmias and bone destruction, in addition to raised phosphate concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity. The electrophoresis diagram was unremarkable and had no M-peak. But immunoelectrophoretic analysis of serum demonstrated a IgD paraprotein; in addition there was a monoclonal light chain, type lambda. At post-mortem the diagnosis of plasmocytoma was made; in addition there was renal amyloidosis. PMID- 7238307 TI - [Wallenberg's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Wallenberg's syndrome includes a series of symptoms caused by obliteration of small arteries supplying the medulla oblongata. In the differential diagnosis it must be separated from lesions of the pons. Cause of the arterial block was first considered to be an embolus, inflammatory processes were later also incriminated. The course of the disease and autopsy findings in a 57-year-old man who had arterial hypertension for 20 years show that Wallenberg's syndrome can be a typical complication of chronic hypertension. PMID- 7238308 TI - [201Thallium myocardial scintigraphy in coronary disease. Methods and significance]. PMID- 7238309 TI - [Immunoglobulin D. Immunologic and clinical criteria and its significance]. PMID- 7238310 TI - [Giving prescriptions to pharmacies by the prescribing physician]. PMID- 7238311 TI - [3-dimensional computed tomography for heart diagnosis]. PMID- 7238312 TI - [Plasma concentration and systemic effect of betamethasone after intra-articular injection (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma concentrations of betamethasone, cortisol and corticosterone were measured before and after intraarticular injection of a betamethasone-depot preparation (Celestan-Depot) by radioimmuno-assay in 31 patients. Plasma concentration of betamethasone reached its maximum of between of 10 and 17 microgram/dl 30 min after injection. It had fallen to half after 2 hours, and practically to nil from the eighth day onwards. Lowest plasma levels of cortisol and corticosterone occurred after 6--24 hours, returning to the normal range after four days. In nine patients with knee-joint effusion and synovitis the plasma concentration of betamethasone was significantly higher after 24 hours, and cortisol and corticosterone values after 48 hours significantly more suppressed, than in patients without joint effusions and signs of inflammation. The results indicate that plasma concentration of betamethasone and the suppressant effect on the adrenal cortex after intra-articular injection is similar to that after intramuscular applications. Correspondingly, systemic application of the cortisol derivatives can cause significant side effects and be contra-indicated also after intra-articular injection. PMID- 7238314 TI - [Endoscopic ultrasonic tomography of the upper digestive tract]. PMID- 7238313 TI - [Myoglobinuric renal failure in hyperosmolar diabetic coma (author's transl)]. AB - Acute rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuric renal failure occurred in a 66-year-old woman who was in hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma. No previous description of such a case has been found. The clinical picture was characterized by the typical findings of hyperosmolar coma, in addition to excessive serum creatine kinase and myoglobin levels and massive myoglobinuria with acute renal failure. The rhabdomyolysis became fully manifest only under insulin treatment, possibly the result of insulin-induced hypophosphataemia, which seems to be of importance in the causation of the rhabdomyolysis. PMID- 7238315 TI - [Pregnancy in adolescents]. PMID- 7238316 TI - [Chloramphenicol concentrations in serum and CSF in newborn infants and babies with bacterial meningitis (author's transl)]. AB - Serum and CSF levels of chloramphenicol were determined repeatedly during the course of treatment in 24 premature and full term babies and infants with bacterial meningitis. Variations in chloramphenicol concentrations were caused in the premature babies by a small dose increase or by interaction with other drugs. In the fullterm newborn babies a higher dose could be given but even in these children the increase in concentration after small changes in dosage was marked. Chloramphenicol doses of 100 mg/kg daily could only be given after the sixth or eighth weeks of life. In the mature newborns and in the older babies inaccuracies in the administration of the drug may be a cause of marked variations of serum and CSF concentrations. PMID- 7238318 TI - [Cervical dysphagia in scleroedema adultorum Buschke (author's transl)]. AB - Scleroedema adultorum Buschke is characterized by progressive hardening of the skin. In contrast to scleroderma the hardening occurs in the skin of the trunk while extremities remain largely free. Internal organs are said not to be involved in scleroedema adultorum Buschke. The full picture of the persistent form of scleroedema adultorum Buschke was observed in two patients. One patient complained of increasing dysphagia with regurgitation and aspiration. Manometry and X-ray cinematographic investigation showed inappropriate relaxation of the upper oesophageal sphincter. In the other patient who had not previously had swallowed difficulties manometry showed achalasia of the upper oesophageal sphincter. The functional disturbances of the upper oesophagus indicate the possibility of an involvement of internal organs in scleroedema adultorum Buschke. However, proof of an aetiological connection between disturbances of oesophageal motility and skin disease requires systematic investigations in a larger group of patients. PMID- 7238319 TI - [Professional secrecy of the medical expert]. PMID- 7238317 TI - [Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (author's transl)]. AB - In a 38-year-old patient who had taken oral contraceptives for several years partial thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus and cortical veins occurred. Progress could be observed with the computer assisted tomography (CAT). CAT showed multiple localised intracerebral haemorrhages fronto-occipitally and penetrating deep into the white matter. In view of the severity of morphological changes the ability for regression of such haemorrhages is surprising. This equally applies to subsequent restitution without substantial visible defects in cerebral parenchyma following treatment with heparin. Among the presentations of sinus and central venous thromboses in CAT, the empty triangle or delta sign and the cord sign should be mentioned. PMID- 7238320 TI - [New possibilities for the removal of kidney calculi]. PMID- 7238321 TI - [Pre-p-potentials in the conventional body surface ECG (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238322 TI - [Follicular lymphatic hyperplasia of the small intestine in antibody deficiency syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Selective serum IgA deficiency and follicular lymphatic hyperplasia of the terminal ileum were observed in a 30-year-old patient. Due to the relative ileal stenosis he complained of colicky abdominal pains particularly after flatulant food. There was no malabsorption syndrome or lambliasis. Although immunohistochemically IgA producing plasma cells were demonstrated in the intestinal wall, no immunoglobulin could be demonstrated in the intestinal juice, suggesting a secretory defect. The very high percentage of IgE producing plasma cells was noteworthy, these cells having led to the macroscopical picture of follicular hyperplasia. Due to the relative frequency of IgA deficiency (about 1 : 700) and the known increased incidence of malignant disease regular surveillance of these patients is indicated. PMID- 7238323 TI - [Differential diagnosis of polycythemia]. PMID- 7238324 TI - [Prognosis of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7238325 TI - [Exercise tests during cardiac catheterisation in patients with mitral regurgitation (author's transl)]. AB - Left-heart catheterisation with angiocardiography and right-heart catheterisation during exercise were performed in ten patients with pure chronic mitral regurgitation. Those patients who at rest had large normal haemodynamic parameters had a rise in pulmonary wedge pressure on exercise from 13.1 +/- 4.8 to 26.0 +/- 9.1 mm Hg (P less than 0.001), as well as subsequently an exercise induced pulmonary hypertension with a rise in pulmonary arterial mean pressure from 20.9 +/- 8.9 to 36.5 +/- 10.3 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). In addition, there occurred abnormalities of right ventricular function in four patients during exercise, with a rise in right atrial mean pressure above 10 mm Hg. On the other hand, in 12 patients with pure mitral stenosis and higher pressures in the pulmonary artery on exercise (43.9 +/- 10.2 mm Hg) (P less than 0.1), there was no abnormal rise in right atrial pressure. In patients with mitral regurgitation associated with abnormal right ventricular function during exercise, left ventricular function at rest was impaired (ejection fraction under 51%). There was a reciprocal correlation (r = -0.86) between the left ventricular ejection fraction at rest and the level of pulmonary artery pressure on exercise. Exercise induced pulmonary hypertension in chronic mitral regurgitation with largely normal pressure values at rest is thus less the result of volume overload of the pulmonary circulation than an expression of impaired left ventricular pumping action. Abnormal right ventricular function which occurs on exercise is not a secondary consequence of pulmonary hypertension but goes parallel with abnormal function of the left ventricle. PMID- 7238326 TI - [Recent development in cardiopulmonary resuscitation]. PMID- 7238327 TI - [Validity of echocardiography in non-invasive diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism (author's transl)]. AB - M-mode echocardiography was used in 66 consecutive patients with a clinical suspicion of acute pulmonary embolism. It could be ascertained in 30 patients using pulmonary angiography and in 19 using lung scintigraphy. When pulmonary embolism had effects on haemodynamics, an end-diastolically enlarged right ventricle, a diminished left ventricle, reduced closing velocity of the anterior mitral valve cusp and paradox septum movement were seen in precordial echocardiography (n = 18). The relation of end-diastolic diameter of the right ventricle to the left ventricle correlated with the angiographic severity of pulmonary embolism (r = 0.78). In patients with acute pulmonary embolism and pulmonary hypertension a significant enlargement of the right pulmonary artery was found in the suprasternal beam direction when compared with patients without pulmonary hypertension (14.7 +/- 2.2 mm/m2 body surface vs 11.0 +/- 1.2 mm/m2 body surface; P less than 0.01). The index width of the right pulmonary artery of all patients correlated with the mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.84). In one patient a thrombus in the right pulmonary artery could be demonstrated by suprasternal echocardiography. Haemodynamically effective pulmonary embolisations in patients without cardiopulmonary history can be diagnosed using echocardiography. PMID- 7238328 TI - [Cardiac tamponade, a usually fatal complication of central venous catheterisation (author's transl)]. AB - Cardiac tamponade is a complication of central venous catheterisation. It is not very rare and may, according to the literature, be fatal in 75%. The diagnosis is established by loss of blood pressure, extreme tachycardia, congestive heart failure, and markedly increased central venous pressure accompanied by a venous catheter in situ. Two out of four patients with cardiac tamponade survived this complication. PMID- 7238329 TI - [Listeria monocytogenes meningitis (author's transl)]. AB - Listeria monocytogenes meningitis was observed in a 24-year-old obese patient. Morphology and serology of CSF bacterial isolates indicated beta-haemolytic streptococci group B first. However, further differentiation permitted certain classification as Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b. Treatment with erythromycin (2 g/d) and gentamicin (40 mg t.i.d.) led to rapid improvement of clinical symptoms. PMID- 7238331 TI - [Diagnosis of syphilis]. PMID- 7238330 TI - [Hodgkin's disease as manifestation factor of chronic hepatic porphyria (author's transl)]. AB - In a patient with Hodgkin's disease and genetic disposition towards porphyria cutanea tarda porphyria became manifest for the first time during a recurrence of Hodgkin's disease with liver infiltration. After chemotherapy liver function improved, as did the cutaneous changes and the urinary porphyrin excretion. PMID- 7238332 TI - [Problem-oriented autopsy]. PMID- 7238333 TI - [Congenital hypothyroidism--somatomedin--parathormone and vitamin D hormone]. PMID- 7238334 TI - [Physician's duty of information to insurance carriers?]. PMID- 7238335 TI - [Chronic intestinal circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 7238336 TI - [Differential diagnosis of chronic hepatitis. Active chronic hepatitis--chronic destructive cholangitis?]. AB - Analysis of the enzyme pattern in 34 patients with liver histology indicating porto-periportal inflammation showed two statistically well differentiated groups: 20 patients with clinical suspicion of early chronic active hepatitis and 14 patients with suspected chronic destructive cholangitis. The course of the disease and the response to immunosuppressive treatment were quite different in the two groups. For differentiation of the early stages of chronic active hepatitis and chronic destructive cholangitis correct interpretation of the enzyme pattern is of great importance. It is also relevant for the decision to use long term immunosuppressive treatment. PMID- 7238337 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid cytology using prestained slides (author's transl)]. AB - The vital staining method using prestained slides permits satisfactory characterization and differentiation of benign and malignant cells present in CSF using 10 and 20 mul of CSF. In comparison the sedimentation technique of Sayk and the cytocentrifuge with subsequent Pappenheim staining require larger volumes of CSF. They have the disadvantage of possible loss of cells and of cell denaturation. PMID- 7238339 TI - [Diagnosis of gonorrhea]. PMID- 7238338 TI - [Rapidly progressive scleroderma associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238340 TI - [Thermography: the other dimension of diagnosis. Vasoactive substances as a key for the interpretation of surface temperature?]. PMID- 7238341 TI - [Private doctor's bills]. PMID- 7238342 TI - [Prophylaxis and treatment of respiratory tract infection in ventilated patients by endotracheal administration of aminoglycosides (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of intratracheal administration of gentamicin on frequency of bacterial contamination of the trachea and respiratory tract infection were assessed in a controlled and prospective study in 20 patients on a respirator. Gentamicin was instilled undiluted 6-hourly in a dosage of 40 mg into the trachea. Compared with a control group (n = 20), patients with intratracheal gentamicin instillation showed earlier reduction of tracheal bacterial contamination and during further ventilation a diminished rate of colonisation of the trachea. There was no evidence of an increase of Candida albicans. Pneumonic infiltrations regressed earlier in patients with intratracheal gentamicin. Respiratory tract infections were less frequent during continued artificial ventilation than in the control group. In ventilated patients intratracheal aminoglycosides can thus be recommended for prophylaxis of respiratory tract infections. PMID- 7238343 TI - [Assessment of the course of chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Comparison of various measurements with special reference to the trail-making test]. AB - In eight patients with hepatic cirrhosis and chronic hepatic encephalopathy stage I and II the following measurements were performed in parallel on 58 occasions over eight months: number connection test, time-linked orientation, presence of liver flap, arithmetical test, handwriting sample, electroencephalogram, and venous blood ammonia level. The number connection test correlated significantly with all other parameters apart from the ammonia level. The number connection test had the highest correlation coefficient. The electroencephalogram showed a significant but only weak correlation with each of the other parameters. Results of the arithmetical test, time-linked orientation and handwriting correlated significantly with each other and with the other tests with the exception of the ammonia level. In contrast to the EEG multiple linear correlation of all parameters allowed accurate prediction of the early stage of chronic hepatic encephalopathy if the number of connection test is taken as the measure of the stage. The number of connection test is easy to perform and shows accurate reproducibility. It gives a value as to the severity of onsetting chronic hepatic encephalopathy which is independent of the tester. PMID- 7238344 TI - [Diagnosis of infectious non-gonorrheal urethritis]. PMID- 7238345 TI - [Porphyrin fluorescing egg for the hepatologist]. PMID- 7238346 TI - [The mechanism of the vibration syndrome and its occurrence among Finnish workers]. PMID- 7238347 TI - [Experiences in the electron microscopy diagnosis of tumors]. PMID- 7238349 TI - [Peroxidases--bactericidal, virucidal and cancer cytotoxic enzymes]. PMID- 7238348 TI - [Abnormal hemoglobins--erythrocytosis caused by Hb Helsinki]. PMID- 7238350 TI - [Significance of selenium deficiency]. PMID- 7238351 TI - [Trapped air in extrinsic allergic alveolitis - an indicator of bronchiolitis]. PMID- 7238353 TI - [The future of radiology]. PMID- 7238352 TI - [Occupational asthma from psyllium laxatives]. PMID- 7238354 TI - [How to keep up with the development of radiology]. PMID- 7238355 TI - [Ultrasonics in obstetrics in the 1980's]. PMID- 7238356 TI - [Modern imaging of the body]. PMID- 7238357 TI - [Development of radiological imaging technics]. PMID- 7238358 TI - [Computerized tomography of the brain]. PMID- 7238359 TI - [Computerized tomography of the body]. PMID- 7238360 TI - [Ultrasonic examination of the abdomen]. PMID- 7238361 TI - [Therapeutic measures associated with roentgen examinations]. PMID- 7238362 TI - [Computer-based isotope examination]. PMID- 7238363 TI - [Connective tissue research]. PMID- 7238364 TI - [Structure and biosynthesis of collagen]. PMID- 7238365 TI - [Degradation of collagen]. PMID- 7238366 TI - [Collagen and diseases]. PMID- 7238367 TI - [Elastic fibers and their changes in disease]. PMID- 7238368 TI - [Structure and metabolism of basal membrane]. PMID- 7238370 TI - [Connective tissue and aging]. PMID- 7238369 TI - [Connective tissue and its differentiation]. PMID- 7238371 TI - [Connective tissue and the malignant cell]. PMID- 7238372 TI - [Occupational hazards in cancer chemotherapy]. PMID- 7238373 TI - [Care and separation episodes in early childhood]. PMID- 7238374 TI - [PUVA therapy and skin cancer]. PMID- 7238375 TI - [Uterine abnormalities and pregnancy]. PMID- 7238376 TI - [Graft versus host reaction after blood transfusion]. PMID- 7238377 TI - [Treatment of crural ulcers with ultraviolet radiation]. PMID- 7238379 TI - [Guillain-Barre syndrome and its treatment]. PMID- 7238378 TI - [Actinomycosis and IUD's]. PMID- 7238380 TI - [An epidemic of bath-water fever--endotoxin alveolitis?]. PMID- 7238381 TI - [Occurrence of polycythemia vera in Finland]. PMID- 7238382 TI - [Epibulbar siderosis caused by iron tablets]. PMID- 7238383 TI - [Alpha-thalassemia 1 in a Finnish child]. PMID- 7238384 TI - [Clinicopathological conference LXIII. Duodenal ulcer, papilledema and progressive neurological symptoms]. PMID- 7238385 TI - Official opening speech by the Hon. Dr. E. Wameyo, Assistant Minister for Health, Kenya. PMID- 7238386 TI - Specialization and development of better medical care in the East and Central Africa region. PMID- 7238387 TI - Oral contraceptives, side effects and drug interactions. PMID- 7238388 TI - Serum zinc reference values in healthy Ugandans (HbAA). PMID- 7238389 TI - Serum zinc levels in normal children (HbAA) and sickle cell children (HbSS) in and around Kampala. PMID- 7238390 TI - The relationship between serum zinc level serum alkaline phosphatase activity and haemoglobin concentration in sickle cell children. PMID- 7238391 TI - Still's disease in the adults in Uganda. PMID- 7238392 TI - The blood picture in Ugandan rheumatoid arthritis patients. PMID- 7238393 TI - Psoriatic arthritis among Ugandan Africans. PMID- 7238394 TI - Sickle cell thalassaemia disease in Tanzania. PMID- 7238395 TI - A review of diabetic hyperglycaemic comas Kenyatta National Hospital 1978-80. PMID- 7238396 TI - Trends in meningococcal meningitis over the past thirteen years at Kenyatta National Hospital 1967--1979. PMID- 7238397 TI - Hookworm and ascariasis infections in Nyanza Province, Kenya. PMID- 7238398 TI - [Malignant lymphomas: involvement and complications of the gastro-intestinal tract (author's transl)]. AB - Among 100 patients with malignant lymphomas we found 7 with primary involvement of the gastrointestinal tract and 2 with secondary affection. 2 patients suffered from M. Hodgkin and 7 from non-Hodgkin-lymphoma. The absence of characteristic diagnostic data may lead to incorrect results, as shown. There false diagnoses cannot be excluded neither by endoscopy nor by histology of biopsy material. Every operation on the gastrointestinal tract under the suspicion of a malignant lymphoma should be improved used for the staging. A radio- and/or polychemotherapy has stage depending to follow. On the other hand these are followed by a high percentage of gastrointestinal complications (6% incomplete ileus) which require a gastrointestinal intensive care. PMID- 7238399 TI - The obligatory role of the uterus for termination of prolactin surges initiated by cervical stimulation. PMID- 7238400 TI - Involvement of ovarian innervation in steroid secretion. AB - The effects of electrical stimulation of the brain on the ovarian venous plasma concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were investigated in female rats hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized at 1000 h on the day of proestrus. Stimulation was applied during the proestrous critical period under pentobarbital anesthesia, and contralateral ovarian venous blood was collected from 105-120 min after the stimulation E2 and P concentrations, estimated by RIA, were significantly increased by stimulation of the medial basal prechiasmatic area (PVA), ventromedial hypothalamus, and areas in the mesencephalon and decreased by stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus, lateral amygdala, and mesencephalic areas. Ovarian blood flow was not affected by these stimulations. Ovarian nervotomy in the proestrous rats abolished E2 secretion induced by PVA stimulation. In intact proestrous rats, electrochemical stimulation of the PVA but not the preoptic suprachiasmatic area increased E2 and P concentrations, although stimulation of both areas commonly potentiated gonadotropin secretion. Present findings suggest that the efferent neural system from the brain to the ovaries is supplementary to the brain-pituitary-ovarian hormonal mechanisms in the regulation of ovarian steroid secretion, and the system may be required for the adjustment of ovarian responsiveness and sensitivity to gonadotropins. In addition, evidence for neural feedback on basal FSH secretion in the ovarian-denervated proestrous rats is presented in this study. PMID- 7238401 TI - Short chain fatty acids increase prolactin and growth hormone production and alter cell morphology in the GH3 strain of rat pituitary cells. AB - Treatment of GH3 cells for 24-72 h with sodium valerate (1 mM) increased 2- to 4 fold the production of both PRL and GH. There was a concomitant change in the morphology of the cells that resembled that produced by TRH and epidermal growth factor. The increases in hormone production and changes in morphology were reversible. The sodium salts of butyric, hexanoic, caprylic, nonanoic, and dodecanoic acids also increased hormone production and altered cell morphology, whereas the salts of formic, acetic, and isobutyric acids did not. Acute (1-h) treatment with the fatty acids, unlike the effects of TRH and epidermal growth factor, did not increase the release of PRL from the cells. PMID- 7238402 TI - Effects of prolactin on DNA synthesis and growth of the accessory sex organs in male mice. AB - The role of PRL in the development of male accessory sex organs remains unresolved. In the present studies, the influence of PRL and testosterone upon DNA synthesis and cell proliferation was examined in the anterior prostate gland (AP) and the seminal vesicles (SV) of mice. Hormonal effects on DNA synthesis were evaluated by examining the in vitro incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA in relation to temporal alterations in tissue DNA content. In intact mice, PRL (300 IU/kg daily) produced peak stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by SV after 3 days of treatment. In contrast, PRL failed to alter [3H]thymidine incorporation by the AP. Only in SV did PRL injections lead to elevated levels of tissue DNA. Injections of testosterone (0.75 or 7.5 mg/kg daily for 3 days) to castrated mice also produced significant stimulation of labeled thymidine incorporation into DNA by AP and SV. Concomitant injections of PRL (150 IU/kg) and testosterone (0.75 or 7.5 mg/kg) enhanced the stimulatory effects of this androgen on DNA synthesis and DNA content in the SV, but not in the AP. When PRL alone was administered to castrated mice, it failed to affect either [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by AP and SV or accessory sex organ weights and DNA contents. The results of these studies suggest that PRL enhances the effects of androgens upon DNA synthesis and growth of the seminal vesicles, but not of the anterior prostate glands of mice. PMID- 7238403 TI - Hormonal control of growth in the infant rat. PMID- 7238404 TI - Stress-induced alterations in secretion of corticosteroids, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone in bulls. PMID- 7238405 TI - Prolactin regulation of milk secretion and biochemical differentiation of mammary epithelial cells in periparturient cows. PMID- 7238406 TI - Altered ontogenesis of muscarinic cholinergic receptor in mouse brain: effect of L-thyroxine and betamethasone. AB - The effects of L-T4 and betamethasone treatment of newborn mice on the development of the cholinergic muscarinic receptor in certain brain regions was studied using the potent labeled muscarinic antagonist [3H]4-N-methyl-piperidyl benzilate. Treatment with both L-T4 and betamethasone caused an accelerated accumulation of muscarinic receptors in the cortex 16 days post partum, with a subsequent reduction in level at 30 days. In the cerebellum and caudate putamen, only betamethasone caused a similar early accumulation of muscarinic receptors, while the later effect, namely a reduction in the level at 30 days, was seen with both hormones in these two regions as well as in the hippocampus. The results can explain some behavioral effects observed in other studies after treatment with these hormones. PMID- 7238407 TI - Luteinizing hormone in the cat. I. Tonic secretion. AB - We have used a RIA system for measuring LH in the plasma of domestic cats and characterized the component of LH secretion which is controlled by negative feedback inhibition. Blood samples were collected at 6- to 10-min intervals from animals with chronically indwelling venous cannulae. The inhibitory influence (negative feedback) of gonadal secretion was evidenced by the increased plasma concentrations of LH seen 24 h after castration in 9 animals and within 5 days in all 15 cats. Restoration of negative feedback by either short or long term administration of 17 beta-estradiol reduced LH concentrations to precastration levels. In castrated animals of both sexes, the plasma concentrations of LH fluctuated episodically, with increases occurring at intervals of 20-30 min, presumably a reflection of intermittent periods of LH release. The dynamics of this pattern of LH release were simulated by the iv injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone. In combination with our additional observation that plasma concentrations of LH decreased rapidly after treatment with four different anesthetic agents, the observations are suggestive of episodic secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the absence of negative feedback. The mechanisms regulating tonic LH secretion in this reflex ovulator appear to be more sensitive to neural stimuli but qualitatively similar to those previously described for other species in which ovulation occurs spontaneously. PMID- 7238408 TI - A model of human sleep-related growth hormone secretion in dogs: effects of 3, 6, and 12 hours of forced wakefulness on plasma growth hormone, cortisol, and sleep stages. AB - Twenty-four canine GH (cGH) and cortisol secretion patterns associated with sleep stages were studied in 10 male adult dogs. Plasma samples were obtained at 30- or 15-min intervals via an indwelling catheter. Under baseline conditions, all dogs showed irregular polyphasic sleep, and the episodic cGH secretion had no apparent relationship with sleep or the light-dark cycle. Five dogs were subjected to regular sleep-wake cycles; 3, 6, and 12 h of forced wakefulness (FW) were repeated at 3-, 6-, and 12-h intervals (recovery sleep periods), respectively. Peak cGH secretion (mean +/- SD, 6.4 ng/ml +/- 2.4) occurred soon after recovery sleep onset in 25 of 40 total recovery periods. The incidence of sleep-onset cGH peaks and cGH secretion during the first hour of recovery sleep significantly increased with the length of the preceding FW, but were not affected by the time of day. Delta wave sleep increased during this hour, suggesting a possible correlation with the sleep-onset cGH peak. During the first 3 h of recovery after 6 and 12 h of FW, cGH secretion was significantly enhanced, but cortisol was not. Considering the characteristics of human sleep-related GH secretion, we suggest that this peak cGH secretion represents a model of human GH secretion. Possibly, a close association of cGH secretion with sleep is concealed under the baseline condition and uncovered by inducing longer sleep-wake cycles in dogs. No circadian cortisol variation was detected under the baseline or the experimental conditions. PMID- 7238409 TI - A dopaminergic binding site in the high speed supernatant of steer anterior pituitary homogenates. AB - The high speed supernatant fraction from homogenates of the steer anterior pituitary was shown to contain a high affinity (Kd = 0.10-0.20 nM), saturable (Bmax - 1.2-3.5 fmol/mg protein), stereoselective binding site for 3H-spiperone (3H-SPIP). The Kd (0.10 nM) calculated from the experimentally determined rate constants k1 and k2 was in excellent agreement with that derived from equilibrium measurements. The rank order of potencies of dopaminergic agents to compete for binding was consistent with known dopamine (DA) receptors. Soluble binding sites represented 3% of the total specific binding found in the anterior pituitary, and several lines of evidence suggested they were not due to enzymatic, mechanical or osmotic displacement of membrane receptors. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the possible significance of these soluble binding sites; however, this observation is intriguing since both DA and membrane bound DA receptors enter the cell. PMID- 7238410 TI - Prolactin regulation of cytological differentiation of mammary epithelial cells in periparturient cows. AB - The influence of periparturient secretion of PRL on cytological differentiation of mammary epithelial cells was studied in 17 multiparous, monotocous Holstein cows. Mammary tissue was obtained 10 days prepartum and 10 days postpartum from untreated cows and from cows treated with CB154 (2-Br-alpha-ergokryptin) or CB154 plus PRL. CB154 was administered from 12 days before expected parturition through 10 days postpartum to reduce serum PRL concentrations, whereas exogenous PRL was administered for 6 days during the periparturient period to mimic the normal periparturient surge of the hormone. On day 10 postpartum, mammary epithelial cells of cows given CB154 alone were classified 18% undifferentiated, 65% intermediately differentiated, and 18% fully differentiated. In contrast, there were no undifferentiated epithelial cells in either postpartum controls or cows treated with CB154 plus PRL, and 73% and 79% of epithelial cells, respectively, were fully differentiated. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated a relative lack of cellular differentiation in cows given CB154 alone. Specifically, the rough endoplasmic reticulum occupied 24% and 27% of the epithelial cell area in postpartum controls and cows treated with CB154 plus PRL, respectively; but the rough endoplasmic reticulum occupied only 16% of the cellular area in cows treated with CB154 alone (P less than 0.01). The relative area occupied by Golgi membranes and vacuoles was approximately 11% lower (P less than 0.01) in cows treated with CB154 than in lactating controls or cows that received PRL replacement therapy. The data demonstrate that periparturient secretion of PRL is necessary for complete structural differentiation of bovine mammary alveolar epithelium. PMID- 7238411 TI - Morphine: dual effects on plasma catecholamines. AB - The present studies demonstrate that morphine can increase, decrease, or not affect plasma catecholamines depending on the dose and on the experimental conditions under which it is given. In the conscious dog, morphine (30 mg s.c.) produces a marked elevation of plasma epinephrine but not norepinephrine. In contrast, morphine (15 mg i.v.) prevents the rise of both plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in the anesthetized, laparotomized dog. Since neither dose of morphine changes plasma catecholamines significantly in the non-laparotomized, anesthetized dog, we suggest (a) that the catechol-lowering effect is due to the analgesic properties of morphine, and (b) that the catechol-raising effect is due to activation of separate central nervous system pathways which are suppressed by barbiturate anesthesia. PMID- 7238412 TI - Localization of immunoreactive vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein in chick nephron. AB - Immunoreactive vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein (iCaBP) has been localized in the chicken nephron, using microdissection and subsequent radioimmunoassay (RIA). Six to ten weeks old vitamin D-replete chicks were sacrificed and the kidneys removed. The various segments of the nephron, i.e. the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the thick part of the hairpin loops (thick loops), the thin part of the hairpin loops (thin loops), the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and the cortical collecting tubules (CCT) were microdissected and grouped according to their morphological characteristics. Because the transition between DCT and CCT was not evident, these two segments were gathered together. The samples were assayed for iCaBP by a microradioimmunoassay, using antisera against the vitamin D-dependent chicken intestinal CaBP. iCaBP was localized in the thin loops and in the DCT-CCT segments (24.7 +/- 5 and 20.8 +/- 3 ng/mg protein, respectively). No iCaBP was detected either in the PCT using up to 32 micrograms protein, or in fragments of medullary papilla, assaying up to 4 micrograms protein. PMID- 7238413 TI - Progesterone metabolism by the hypothalamus, pituitary, and uterus of the rat during pregnancy. AB - Metabolites of [3H]progesterone were quantitated from incubations of hypothalamus, pituitary, and uterus of rats during different stages of pregnancy. The hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and a section of uterus from five rats on Days 1, 8, 15, and 21 of pregnancy were incubated individually with [3H]progesterone and analyzed for metabolite formation by reverse isotopic dilution analysis. The radioactive metabolites present were 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20 dione (5 alpha-DHP), 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, 20 alpha-hydroxy-4 pregnen-3-one, 20 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-3-one, and 5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha, 20 alpha-diol. The major metabolite formed by the hypothalamus and pituitary was 5 alpha-DHP. In the pituitary samples, formation of 5 alpha-DHP was decreased on Days 15 and 21 of pregnancy compared to Day 1, and formation of 20 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-3-one was decreased on Day 21 compared to Day 1. In the uterine samples, 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one was the major metabolite formed at all stages of pregnancy. The formation of all metabolic products of progesterone by the uterus was increased on Day 21 compared to Days 1, 8, and 15 of pregnancy. No changes in the formation of progesterone metabolites were observed in the hypothalamic samples during pregnancy. It is concluded that there are different profiles in the in vitro metabolism of [3H]progesterone by the hypothalamus, pituitary, and uterus of the rat during the course of pregnancy. PMID- 7238414 TI - Heterogeneity of nuclear estrogen-binding sites in the rat uterus: a simple method for the quantitation of type I and type II sites by [3H]estradiol exchange. AB - Estrogen administration to mature-ovariectomized rats causes the activation or stimulation of secondary nuclear estrogen-binding sites (type II) in the uterus which can interfere with estrogen receptor (type I) measurement. Earlier reports from our laboratory have shown that quantitation of type I sites in the presence of the type II site is very difficult and can only be achieved by graphic analysis of saturation curves which employ a wide range (0.4-40 NM) of [3H]estradiol concentrations in nuclear exchange assay. The studies presented in this manuscript describe simple methods which can be used to separately quantitate both nuclear estrogen-binding sites using a single concentration of [3H]estradiol. Since the nuclear type II site does not bind [3H]estradiol in the presence of reducing agent, type I sites can be easily quantitated by incubating nuclei (37 C for 30 min) in Tris-EDTA buffer containing 0.1-1.00 mM dithiothreitol using a single saturating concentration of [3H]estradiol. Conversely, a single concentration of [3H]estradiol (40-80 nM) can be used to quantitate the nuclear type II site by incubating nuclei in Tris-EDTA buffer under conditions (4 C for 60 min) which do not measure occupied nuclear estrogen receptor. Therefore, by using the appropriate buffer system, type I and type II sites can be easily separated in mixed binding systems. In addition, we also demonstrate that Nafoxidine does not bind to the nuclear type II site. Therefore, it can be used as a competitive inhibitor of [3H]estradiol binding to type I sites and permit the measurement of type II sites without interference from type I sites. These techniques should be applicable to autoradiographic or fluorescence studies which cannot discriminate between steroid binding to these two classes of nuclear estrogen-binding sites. PMID- 7238415 TI - Uterine responses to estradiol in the neonatal rat. AB - Although single doses of estrogens are known to be ineffective in stimulating complete uterine responses in newborn rats, repeated doses elicit toxic responses that become evident in adulthood. In this study, neonates injected daily from birth with 10 micrograms 17 beta-estradiol (E2) demonstrated significant uterine wet weight gain by day 3 and near-maximum growth (230% of control) by day 5. Elevated uterine weight can be maintained by repeated daily injections at least through day 13. Other uterine growth responses after 5 days of E2 (as percent of control) are: dry weight, 163%; DNA content, 193%; protein content, 211%; and nuclear estrogen receptor, 890%. Ornithine decarboxylase activity increased to 520% of control when measured 6 h after a single E2 injection on day 5. Histological examination of uteri from animals treated for 5 days reveals an altered stroma with evidence of circular muscle differentiation, while the lumenal epithelium, which is cuboidal in controls, becomes columnar after E2 injections. These data suggest that estrogens act in fundamentally the same manner in the neonatal uterus as in the adult uterus, although the appearance of the complete response appears to e slower in the neonate. The estrogen-induced precocious development we describe suggests that an estrogen may be involved in the normal postnatal development of uterine estrogen responsiveness. Adult toxicity, resulting from repeated neonatal estrogen dosing, may partly be a consequence of continual hormone action inducing developmentally inappropriate responses. PMID- 7238417 TI - Comparison of octa- and heptapeptide antagonists of angiotensin II as inhibitors of angiotensin II-induced steroidogenesis in the rat adrenal glomerulosa. PMID- 7238419 TI - A case of primary hyperparathyroidism with low serum alkaline phosphatase levels. AB - A 23-year-old man with primary hyperparathyroidism which was typical except for reduced alkaline phosphatase activity is reported. Histological examination of surgical specimens revealed chief cell hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. Systemic abnormalities of alkaline phosphatase were demonstrated, i.e., marked reduction of all isoenzymes and undetectable osseous enzyme in the serum, abnormal distribution of the enzyme in hepatocytes and diminished enzyme activities in leukocytes. In addition, diminished bone remodeling activity was revealed in a biopsy specimen of the rib. The association of hypophosphatasia is highly unlikely, because of normal urinary excretion of phosphoethanolamine, lack of osteomalacia, and no indication of an hereditary factor. The causal relationship between low remodeling activity and abnormalities in alkaline phosphatase was suggested. PMID- 7238416 TI - Effects of bromocriptine on [3H]estradiol binding in cytosol of anterior pituitary. AB - The hypothalamus may control hormone receptors in the anterior pituitary either by a direct trophic effect or indirectly by regulation of serum pituitary hormone levels. Rats whose medial basal hypothalamus had been destroyed in order to suppress neural control of the gland showed a reduction in [3H]estradiol binding in the anterior pituitary and high serum PRL levels; both changes were reversed by treatment of the lesioned rats with daily injections of bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist. In nonlesioned animals, the same treatment did not modify significantly those parameters. In another hyperprolactinemic model (rats with anterior pituitaries transplanted under the kidney capsule), [3H]estradiol binding by the in situ pituitaries of the host rats was similar to that in the nongrafted controls. These results suggest that changes due to median eminence lesion are reversible and that bromocriptine is able to act as a substitutive therapy which restores binding of estradiol in glands whose receptors have been decreased by the effect of the lesion. High PRL levels due to pituitary transplant do not account for the observed changes in the pituitary estradiol binding. PMID- 7238418 TI - Movement of subcellular calcium in bile pool of hepatocyte in rats: effect of thyroparathyroidectomy. AB - The movement of subcellular calcium in the bile pool of hepatocyte was investigated after a single intraperitoneal administration of calcium chloride in rats. The administration of calcium (4.0 mg/100 g BW) produced a remarkable elevation of serum calcium and a corresponding increase in liver calcium. The calcium taken by the liver cells at 10 min after calcium administration was markedly located into the nuclei, mitochondria and microsomes, and this distribution was not accompanied by a significant elevation in the cytosol level. At 20 min after calcium administration, the calcium increase above the subcellular structure was clearly reduced. On the other hand, serum calcium was markedly increased by calcium administration in both intact and thyroparathyroidectomized rats. However, the liver calcium increase induced in intact rats by calcium administration was much more than that in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. Also, the bile calcium level was markedly elevated in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. The present results suggest that the calcium taken by the liver cells is bound to the nuclei, mitochondria and microsomes, and then transported into the biliary duct. PMID- 7238420 TI - Metabolism of 3,3'-Diiodothyronine and 3'-monoiodothyronine, and effect of potassium cyanide and dinitrophenol and glucuronidation of thyroxine in cultured rat hepatoma cells. AB - Rat hepatoma cells (R117-21B) metabolized 3,3'diiodothyronine and 3' monoiodothyronine by sulfation and glucuronidation. Glucuronidation of iodothyronines (a mixture of 3,3'-diiodothyronine, approximately 99%, and 3' monoiodothyronine, approximately 10%(was very rapid and 83% of the total 125I in the medium was their glucuronides after 8 hr incubation with the cells at 37 degrees C. Iodothyronine sulfates (approximately 9% of the total 125I) were also detected. No clear increase in free iodide was observed during the 8 hr incubation. The effect of KCN or dinitrophenol on glucuronidation of thyroxine was investigated. Both drugs inhibited glucuronidation, and dinitrophenol was more effective than KCN. Dinitrophenol accelerated the liberation of 125I- in the metabolism of thyroxine in the cultured rat hepatoma cells. PMID- 7238421 TI - Androgen distribution in male rats. AB - Testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations in tissue and body fluid were determined in adult male rats to investigate the mode of androgen distribution. The highest concentration of androgen (testosterone + DHT) and the smallest ratio of DHT/testosterone were observed in the intratesticular tissue fluid. The androgen concentration in testicular vein blood was much higher than in any other sample of body fluid. Among the body fluid samples, except to that in the intrascrotal fluid, DHT/testosterone ratio remained almost equal to that in the intratesticular tissue fluid. The intrascrotal fluid and blood samples from the testicular and epididymal arteries had significantly higher androgen concentrations than thoracic duct lymph or aortic blood. Among the tissues, the accessory sex organs and kidney fat pad had higher androgen concentrations and larger DHT/testosterone ratio than muscle, including the levator ani muscle. The DHT/testosterone ratios in muscle specimens were not different from those in body fluid. The caput epididymis and surrounding adipose tissue (the epididymal fat pad) had the highest androgen concentration, and the largest DHT/testosterone ratio was observed in the caput epididymis. These observations support the theory of the local transport from the testis to the caput epididymis and from the testicular vein to the testicular artery. Thus, the intrascrotal androgen targets, especially the caput epididymis, receive androgen effectively, and it was suggested that the epididymal fat pad plays an important role in maintaining a high androgen concentration in the intrascrotal androgen targets. PMID- 7238422 TI - Effect of thyroid hormone on the serum level of somatomedin A. AB - The effect of thyroid hormone on the serum level of somatomedin A was studied using a radioreceptor assay for somatomedin A. In 13 patients with hyperthyroidism, the mean level of somatomedin A was 0.06 +/- 0.05 U/ml, which was within the normal range. Low levels were found in 19 patients with primary hypothyroidism with a mean of 0.39 +/- 0.04 U/ml. After treating these patients with thyroxine, the serum somatomedin A levels returned to the normal range. There was a significant correlation between the somatomedin A level on one hand and T3 (r = 0.49) and T4 (r = 0.55) level on the other. The serum level of somatomedin A did not decrease for 7 days after thyroidectomy nor increase after treating hypophysectomized rats with 2 microgram of thyroxine for 14 days. However, the effect of growth hormone on serum somatomedin A was augmented 42.2% by the combined administration of the same amount of T4 for 7 days. There was a positive correlation between the serum level of somatomedin A and the percentage increase in body weight (4 = 0.73). These data suggest that thyroxine potentiates the effect of GH on synthesis and/or the secretion of somatomedin A. PMID- 7238424 TI - Relationship between the changes in cytoplasmic progesterone receptor concentration and in nuclear progesterone binding sites in the hen hypothalamus and pituitary during the ovulatory cycle. AB - The amount of specific [3H]-progesterone bindings was measured in cytosols and in nuclear fractions of the hen hypothalamus and pituitary during the ovulatory cycle. In both tissues, a decrease in cytosol binding from the peak at 18 and 8 hr before ovulation was coincident with an increase in nuclear binding attained a peak 14 to 6 hr before ovulation. The results suggest that progesterone may act on the hypothalamus and pituitary 18-14 hr before ovulation and 8-6 hr before ovulation. PMID- 7238423 TI - Bioavailability of norethindrone in rabbits after administration of norethindrone acetate in single, double and quadruple doses released through subcutaneous silastic implants. AB - Plasma level of norethindrone (NET) and in vivo release of norethindrone acetate (NETA) were studied in three groups of albino rabbits (5 animals/group) after insertion of one, two and four subcutaneous implants, each containing 40 mg crystalline NETA over a period of 24 weeks. The ratios of the in vivo release rate of steroid were 1, 1.9 and 3.9 in the animals of group I (one implant), group II (two implants) and group III (four implants) respectively. Thus, the in vivo release rate in group II and III showed an increase which was almost twice and four times as great as that of group I. However, the mean ratios of the serum NET levels were 1, 1.2 and 2.4 in animals of group I, II and III respectively. Thus, interestingly, the serum NET level did not show the expected twofold and fourfold increase and lacked correlation with the in vivo release. Although the insertion of multiple implants gives multiple increases in the in vivo steroid release, it does not give rise to a multiple increase in the serum levels of the steroid. It is possible that there is a kind of threshold of steroid concentration in the animals when they are loaded with exogenously administered steroid. When the steroid concentration tends to cross the threshold level, pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic processes of the animal work maximum to hold down the steroid level in blood plasma. PMID- 7238425 TI - The flexible bronchofiberscope in the intensive care unit (ICU)--the optimal postoperative care for the bronchial system. AB - Since 1974 about 6000 flexible bronchoscopies have been performed for early postoperative diagnostic and therapeutic reasons. Bronchoscopic suction is easy, quick, highly effective and does not provoke any epithelial changes. Indications for immediate bronchoscopic suction are suspected aspiration, deterioration in blood gas values, changes in the chest x-ray. Every ICU should be equipped with a flexible bronchoscope for immediate use. PMID- 7238426 TI - Percutaneous choledochoscopy and cholecystoscopy: diagnostic and therapeutic uses. AB - Accessibility to the common bile duct and gallbladder through sinus tracts formed after placement of a T-tube or cholecystostomy tube at surgery has until recently been restricted to special catheters and accessories for the extraction of stones. The procedure requires continuous fluoroscopy while contrast media is injected in order to identify defects and to place accessories. More recently this techniques has been accomplished with endoscopes which are advanced into the bile duct through these tracts. The results are comparable to the catheter technique but exposure to x-ray is reduced. The procedure has been performed with a bronchoscope (BF-4B2-Olympus Corporation of America), modified with an irrigation-suction valve, permitting direct examination, biopsy and entrapment of stones. With the bronchoscope in the bile duct, physiologic function and pathologic conditions can be assessed by advancing catheters through the ampulla into the duodenum, 1) the former to facilitate manometric recordings and, 2) the latter to calibrate the opening of the papilla. A catheter passed antegrade through the bronchoscope into the duodenum can be used as a guide for the simultaneous performance of sphincterotomy while the duodenoscope is in position. These new applications have placed choledochoscopy and cholecystoscopy in the armamentarium for the evaluation and treatment of biliary tract disease. PMID- 7238427 TI - Spontaneous dissecting intramural haematoma of the oesophagus: a rare cause of haematemesis and dysphagia. AB - Three cases of spontaneous dissecting intramural haematoma of the oesophagus are reported together with a review of the 26 previously reported cases. The characteristic clinical, radiological and endoscopic features are discussed. PMID- 7238428 TI - Jejunogastric intussusception, an acute exacerbation diagnosed by gastroscopy. AB - A case of acute jejunogastric intussusception is reported. The patient had suffered intermittent attacks for 7 years, and had an acute fulminating attack prior to the present admission. Chronic recurrent jejunogastric intussusception should be considered a possible cause of pain and vomiting in patients who have had gastrojejunostomy or gastric resection. PMID- 7238429 TI - Endoscopic polypectomy in the segment of colon used for oesophageal replacement. AB - A polyp was found in the replaced colon segment one year after the operation. It was removed endoscopically. PMID- 7238430 TI - Endoscopic removal of colonic lipoma. AB - A 71-year-old female with symptomatic colonic lipoma is described. An uneventful colonoscopic removal of the lipoma was performed. Colonoscopic removal of symptomatic pedunculated submucosal colonic lipoma may be recommended. PMID- 7238431 TI - Changes in somatosensory evoked potentials during kindling: analogy to learning modifications. AB - Cortical somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) changes were studied during kindling of the right pericruciate cortex and in the right hippocampus in 7 cats. The test electric stimuli were delivered to left and right anterior paw. The ipsi and contralateral SSEPs were averaged before kindling and about every 35th day during kindling. Paroxysmal epileptic discharges developed in all cats. The main consistent changes in all the SSEPs involved components N2-P3-N3, i.e., those with latencies of 90--330 msec. Specifically we noted (1) a gradual decrease in the duration and latency of the N3 component (2) an increase in the slope of the P3-N3 component and (3) a decrease in the duration and latency of the p3 component. These changes were present in both hemispheres, ipsi- and contralateral to both right and left paw stimulation, though favoring the contralateral responses. The changes started to develop before the appearance of spontaneous epileptic activity and seem to be independent of the epileptogenic effect of kindling. Thus, during kindling two types of neuronal function modification seem to take place: epileptogenic and nonepileptogenic. The nonepileptogenic nature of kindling is discussed from the point of view that some forms of learning and kindling are based on similar neurophysiological processes, which lead to permanent neuronal bioelectrical changes. These plastic changes underlie the development of such processes as memory and epilepsy. The difference between these two processes may be in the disturbance of spatiotemporal distribution of coherence in neuronal ensembles. PMID- 7238432 TI - Development of EEG epileptic activity and seizures during kindling in sensorimotor cortex in cats. AB - The problem of the relationship between stimulus intensity and kindling effect was studied in three groups of cats with bipolar stimulating electrodes implanted in the right posterior sigmoid gyrus (sensorimotor cortex). Daily stimulation with a 1-sec train of 60-Hz rectangular pulses was carried out in 17 cats over a period of from 27 to 265 days. Group I, 3 cats, was stimulated with a current intensity of 200 microA, peak-to-peak, which was subthreshold for afterdischarges (ADs); 6 animals from group II were stimulated with near-threshold currents (0.8- 1.1 mA); and in the 8 animals of the group III, the ADs were evoked by threshold currents of 1.0--1.6 mA. The EEG was recorded from the sensorimotor and visual cortices, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, dentate nucleus, and cerebellar cortex. It was found that the low-current stimulation (200 microV) was not effective in inducing kindling. Near-threshold stimulation (below 1 mA) resulted in the development of bioelectrical epileptic activity in most cats. Threshold stimulation for AD resulted in the development of bioelectrical spontaneous activity and in an increase in the duration of ADs, as well as in generalized tonic-clonic seizures during cortical stimulations, in the majority of cats. Differences in hippocampal and neocortical kindling in cats are discussed in terms of ADs and seizure development. It was found that (1) a longer time was required for neocortical than for hippocampal kindling (3--10 weeks), and (2) there was greater variability in the effects of neocortical kindling. Secondary generalized seizures developed in the group with threshold stimulation for AD and were preceded by an increase in the number of ADs. The interictal epileptic activity developed in some cats in the absence of ADs. PMID- 7238433 TI - Is glutamate a trigger factor in epileptic hyperactivity? AB - The effects of glutamate and aspartate antagonists were studied on limb-jerk frequency and EEG patterns in rats made epileptic by cobalt implantation in the sensorimotor cerebral cortex. The results of this study were as follows: (1) alpha-Amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (0.055--1.10 mM) decreased or completely prevented the epileptic manifestations. The effect was reversible 30 min after washing with artificial CSF solution. (2) DL-Pyroglutamic acid completely abolished the myoclonic jerks and EEG spikes. (3) alpha-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid and alpha-D-amino-adipic acid significantly reduced the frequency of epileptic spikes and myoclonic jerks. (4) Other analogs, alpha-amino-3 phosphonopropionic acid (0.6 mM), alpha-amino phosphonocaproic acid (0.95), and hydroxy-3-amino pyrrolidone-2 were without effect. (5) Glutamate itself did not decrease the epileptic manifestations. PMID- 7238434 TI - Ictal effects of anticonvulsant medication withdrawal in epileptic patients. AB - Medication withdrawal is used in selected instances to precipitate seizures during evaluation of epileptic patients. Whether such medication manipulation can alter electrical seizure onset or clinical seizure type is not known. Information regarding the effects of anticonvulsant withdrawal on depth EEG onset and clinical manifestations of seizures was reviewed in 25 patients with partial complex seizures in whom intracranial electrodes were implanted. For the purposes of this study, the withdrawal period was defined as the time after abrupt cessation of medication between one and five half-lives of the drug and the base line state as all other times. Ten patients were withdrawn from carbamazepine, 6 from phenobarbital, 2 from phenytoin, and 3 from primidone. Overall effects of anticonvulsant withdrawal in 18 patients and 21 instances of withdrawal with a total of 89 withdrawal and 71 base-line seizures were notable. Focal electrical onset and typical clinical seizure type during withdrawal were entirely consistent with electrical and/or clinical characteristics of seizures occurring during the base-line state in 13 instances. "New" clinical and/or electrical seizure types occurred during withdrawal only in a number of patients in whom bilateral or multifocal seizure onset was confirmed electrographically outside of the withdrawal period. In only 1 patient did withdrawal produce atypical clinical and electrical seizures when the base-line state showed a clinically typical seizure of clear-cut localized onset. After surgery this patient was shown to have unequivocal multifocal seizure onset. Thus, for purposes of localizing single epileptic foci, information obtained during the anticonvulsant withdrawal period provided no misleading information in this group of patients, while condensing the time needed for evaluation. PMID- 7238435 TI - Effects of PTZ-induced generalized epilepsy on intestinal activity in cats. AB - Simultaneous recordings of the EEG, the electromyogram of the small intestine, the electrocardiogram, and femoral arterial pressure were monitored in 24 cats anesthetized with halothane, immobilized with gallamine, and artificially respirated. During pentylenetetrazol-induced generalized seizures, intestinal activity was blocked, as demonstrated by the disappearance of spikes from the EMG. This block was abolished by spinal cord section at C1-C2 level and partially abolished by bilateral adrenalectomy. These results demonstrate the existence of inhibitory sympathetic mechanisms during generalized experimental seizures. PMID- 7238436 TI - Impairments of control and competence in epileptic children and their families. AB - Epilepsy can introduce disturbances within child, parent, and family systems. Epilepsy, as a medical disorder, disrupts the patient's and parents' sense of control and competence. This, in turn, affects the evolving negotiations (the family process) related to the establishment of the child's growing sense of autonomy and competence. Epilepsy's impact on these central family issues, as well as on the child's sense of self, can become the major long-term complication. The medical management of epilepsy must consider how to assist with these issues as part of the overall treatment plan. PMID- 7238437 TI - Toward a unified theory of focal penicillin epileptogenesis: an intracortical evoked potential investigation. AB - Microinjection of picoliter quantities of isotonic sodium penicillin through one barrel of a double micropipet into cortical area 17 of cats induced discrete and temporary foci of epileptogenic alteration in evoked potentials. These were elicited by punctate visual stimuli, recorded through the second barrel and from a second micropipet located in surrounding cortex. Penicillin induced (1) an initial graded increase in the primary latency, "physiologic" response and subsequently (2) a new "late" response which evolved into (3) an "interictal" spike potential. The enhanced physiologic response appears to represent a direct effect of penicillin upon neuronal excitability. The epileptic "late response" possessed distinctive properties that suggest that additional involvement of local circuit interactions within the neuronal population affected by the penicillin. We conclude that penicillin epileptogenesis in striate neocortex is dependent upon both intrinsic neuronal and population interaction abnormalities. Relationships of this unified theory to those of the "epileptic neuron" and "epileptic aggregate" are discussed. PMID- 7238438 TI - Workshop of epilepsy, pregnancy and the child, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany, September 14--16, 1980. PMID- 7238439 TI - Perspectives in mutagenesis. PMID- 7238440 TI - The mutation studies of mutagen-sensitive and DNA repair mutants of Chinese hamster fibroblasts. AB - We have previously reported the isolation and partial characterization of DNA repair and/or mutagen-sensitive mutant Chinese hamster cell strains. Here we present the results of a detailed study of the ultraviolet light (UV)-induced mutability of one of these strains, UVs-7, and provide preliminary mutability data on two additional lines, UVr-23 and UVs-40. UVs-7 in extremely deficient in unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) but only slightly more sensitive to UV than the parental line. When examined for the UV-inducibility of mutants resistant to ouabain, 6-thioguanine, or diphtheria toxin, UVs-7 was found to be hypermutable at all three loci as compared to the parental line. The degree of hypermutability was not the same for any two loci. UVs-40, a highly UV-sensitive strain, was also found to be hypermutable at the ouabain-resistant (ouar) locus. UVr-23, which is UV-resistant and more proficient at UDS than the parental line, appeared to exhibit a tendency toward hypomutability at both the ouabain(ouar) and 6 thioguanine--resistant (6TGr) loci. Further characterization of all these lines should aid in delineating mammalian mechanisms of DNA repair and mutagenesis. PMID- 7238441 TI - Lipid peroxidation in adrenal and testicular microsomes. AB - Studies were carried out to determine the actions of and interactions between ascorbate, NADPH, Fe2+, and Fe3+ on lipid peroxidation in adrenal and testicular microsomes. Ascorbate-induced malonaldehyde production was maximal in adrenal and testicular microsomes at an ascorbate concentration of 1 X 10(-4)M. Fe2+, at levels between 10(-6) and 10(-3)M, produced concentration-dependent increases in lipid peroxidation in adrenal and testicular microsomes; Fe2+ had a far greater effect than Fe3+ in both tissues. In liver microsomes, by contrast, Fe2+ and Fe3+ had quantitatively similar effects on lipid peroxidation. NADPH alone had no effect on malonaldehyde production in adrenal or testicular microsomes. However, in the presence of low Fe2+ concentrations (10(-6)M), NADPH stimulated adrenal malonaldehyde production. The stimulation of lipid peroxidation by NADPH plus low Fe2+ was not demonstrable in testicular microsomes nor in adrenal microsomes which had been heat-treated to inactivate microsomal enzymes. Testicular malonaldehyde production was stimulated by NADPH if Fe3+ (5 X 10(-5) to 1 X 10( 3)M) was added to the incubation medium; the stimulation was not demonstrable in heat-treated microsomes. Fe3+ plus NADPH had little effect on adrenal lipid peroxidation. In the presence of high Fe2+ levels (10(-3)M), NADPH produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of adrenal lipid peroxidation; the inhibition was fully demonstrable in heat-treated microsomes. NADPH similarly inhibited ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation in adrenal microsomes. In testicular microsomes, NADPH did not inhibit ascorbate or Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation. The results indicate that various endogenous substances may be important in the control of adrenal and testicular lipid peroxidation and that the nature of the regulation differs from tissue to tissue. PMID- 7238443 TI - Estrogen receptors and breast cancer. AB - Estrogen receptors have been assayed in a series of primary breast cancers from postmenopausal women; 59% of which were estrogen-receptor positive. These patients survived for a significantly longer period of time than those whose tumors were estrogen-receptor negative. The effect of estrogen-receptor status was only seen (and then markedly accentuated) in patients who had lymph-node invasion at the time of mastectomy. Such determinations also appear to be of value in preselecting those patients who, on recurrence, will benefit from tamoxifen therapy. PMID- 7238442 TI - Brief overview of selected aspects of testicular hormone action. AB - This paper is designed to give an overview of the mechanism of androgen action and some of the factors that can affect it. The discussion of androgen action includes androgen transport in the blood, metabolism, receptor binding, nuclear activation and selected aspects of biological response. The importance of recognizing interspecies and interstrain differences in specific aspects of androgen action is mentioned. Some examples of the effects of environmental agents on androgen metabolism, receptor binding and biological response are included. PMID- 7238444 TI - Relative potency estimation for synthetic petroleum skin carcinogens. AB - A procedure for quantitative analysis of skin carcinogenesis data, for the purpose of establishing carcinogenic potency, has been applied to observations obtained from C3H mice exposed continuously to synthetic and natural petroleums. The importance of total polynuclear aromatic (PNA) content to the skin carcinogenic activity of the crude materials was also examined. Of three synthetic petroleums evaluated, all were shown capable of inducing skin neoplasms within a two-year exposure period. Under comparable exposure conditions a composite sample of five natural petroleums was noncarcinogenic. Comparison of the distributions of times to initial skin neoplasm versus dose rate, for groups exposed to synthetic fossil liquids and the reference skin carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene, provided estimates of relative carcinotenic potency for the synthetic petroleums ranging from 1/500 to 1/1400 the potency of benzo(a)pyrene. The carcinogenic activity of a chemically isolated PNA fraction versus the crude from which it was derived suggested that this fraction was responsible for the carcinogenic activity of these synthetic petroleums in mouse skin. PMID- 7238446 TI - Control of the corpus luteum: a model system for toxicology research. AB - The rodent corpus luteum is an ephemeral structure releasing progesterone for only a few hours rather than several days. However, in response to the mating stimulus, sufficient prolactin is released from the pituitary gland in a unique pattern to activate the corpus luteum and maintain it in a secretory state for several days. Progesterone, secreted from the corpus luteum, prolongs the secretion of prolactin, while the uterus may secrete a substance which terminates the functional life of the corpus luteum directly and also acts upon he prolactin secretory apparatus within the hypothalamopituitary axis to terminate prolactin secretion. PMID- 7238445 TI - Assessment of testicular testosterone production and Leydig cell structure. AB - Advances in two techniques have made the problem of assessing the acute and/or chronic effects of toxic agents on Leydig cell structure and testosterone synthesis and secretion amenable to study. First, in vitro testicular perfusion has been perfected to a point where it closely resembles in situ testosterone secretion. Second, now it is possible to quantify the proportion of Leydig cell cytoplasm occupied by the cellular organelles which contain steroidogenic enzymes. Herein, we report that inhibition of Leydig cell steroidogenic enzymes is reflected by reduced testosterone secretion by in vitro perfused rat and rabbit testes. Moreover, the activity of specific steroidogenic reactions can be monitored by measuring the secretion of reaction substrate(s) and product(s) from in vitro perfused testes. Testosterone secretion by in vitro perfused testes from five species is highly and positively correlated with the volume density of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in Leydig cell cytoplasm. Exploitation of these findings will allow toxicologists to quantitatively assess the effect of toxicants on Leydig cell testosterone biosynthesis and secretion, to identify the specific steroidogenic enzymes affected, to assess whether the membranous environment of the steroidogenic enzymes is compromised, and perhaps even to predict the deleterious effect of a toxic agent on Leydig cell steroidogenic function from a stereological assessment of Leydig cell ultrastructure. PMID- 7238447 TI - The thyroid gland. PMID- 7238449 TI - Pharmacological studies of the involvement of hypothalamic prostaglandins in the regulation of thyrotropin secretion. AB - A case is made for the involvement of pituitary prostaglandins (PGs) in the regulation of thyrotropin (TSH) secretion by citing recent evidence that TSH release in vivo and in vitro is enhanced by treatment with exogenous PGs and is inhibited by drugs (e.g., indomethacin) that block PG synthesis. Pharmacological studies were then performed to test the hypothesis that hypothalamic PGs also affect TSH secretion indirectly via the appropriate hypothalamic hormones that regulate pituitary secretion. The inhibition of thyroidectomy-induced TSH secretion was used as an endpoint in choosing the best of several drugs purported to inhibit PG synthesis. The established effectiveness of indomethacin and aspirin were used for reference in testing the following drugs: naproxen, mefenamic acid, tranylcypromine, and phenelzine. Only naproxen was found to be effective, but since it was no more potent than indomethacin, the latter drug was used for subsequent work. Indomethacin was stereotaxically implanted into several hypothalamic regions known to regulate TSH secretion, and sequential plasma samples were analyzed for TSH by radioimmunoassay. Bilateral implants of indomethacin in the anterior hypothalamic area increased TSH secretion throughout the 72 hr period of study. Sham inplants at this site and indomethacin implants in other nearby sites were ineffective. These findings suggest that endogenous PGs play an inhibitory role in the hypothalamic regulation of pituitary secretion. PMID- 7238448 TI - Factors altering thyroid hormone metabolism. AB - Thyroxine, the major secretory product of the thyroid gland, is metabolized in the peripheral tissues by phenolic conjugation, deamination, decarboxylation, and a cascade of monodeiodinations. This brief review focuses on the deiodination reactions, which currently are under intensive investigation. One product, 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (T3), is the major active form of the thyroid hormone, and about 80% of the T3 produced in the body is derived extrathyroidally. Furthermore, a greater fraction of the T3 found on nuclear receptors in pituitary and brain cells is derived intracellularly, as compared to liver and kidney cells. The latter tissues, on the other hand, appear to be the source of most of the circulating T3. Another deiodinase, acting on the nonphenolic ring of T4, gives rise to the hormonally inactive 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine ("reverse" T3 or rT3). A number of physiological and pathological events perturb the deiodination pathway, leading to a decrease in T3 neogenesis and reciprocal changes in the circulating level of T3 (which decreases) and rT3 (which increases). This so-called "low T3 syndrome" is also produced by a number of pharmacological agents. The biological effects resulting from these changes are incompletely understood, but they are potentially important in the body's adjustment to stress and as a site of action of toxic agents. In addition, they are of obvious importance clinically because of their influence on serum T3 and TSH levels, which are commonly used tests of thyroid function. PMID- 7238450 TI - Factors affecting adrenocortical hormone function. AB - This paper will briefly outline those elements which must be considered in assessing the effects of any given compound which might impinge on the actions of adrenocortical steroids. Considerations that ought to be taken into account include the following: the delivery to the affected cells of corticosteroids, the uptake of the hormone by the cells, the metabolism of the hormone by the cells, the intracellular actions of the hormone, the possible secondary interactions between cells, and multihormonal actions on the final target cell. PMID- 7238451 TI - Conference on target organ toxicity: blood. Proceedings of a conference co sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Society of Toxicology, Arlington, Virginia, February 27-28, 1980. PMID- 7238452 TI - Distinct enzymatic responses in mice exposed to a range of low doses of ozone. AB - Short-term exposure of mice to low O3 doses, as defined by the product of concentration and exposure time (ct), was observed to induce alterations in two enzyme systems: first, that leading to changes in hepatic reduced ascorbic acid (RAA) content, and second to changes in plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity. RAA alterations were noticed immediately, 30 min and 120 min after termination of the exposure period, whereas CPK showed alterations immediately and 15 min after termination of the exposure. Later determinations, i.e., 24 hr after O3 exposure for RAA and 30 min after 03 exposure for CPK, revealed no significant differences when compared to control animals. Although differences in sensitivity existed, the dose response curves for both systems were more or less similar, showing a short decrease for the initial very low O3 doses, followed by a profound rise and a gradual decrease to control levels for subsequent ct doses. Exceptions were the 30 min curve for RAA and the immediate curve for CPK in so far as that both showed an additional depression. Neither plasma histamine nor plasma lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH3) were observed to be altered by the range of O3 doses employed. These findings were explained on the basis of adaptation of the organism to a potentially noxious O3 stimulus by enhanced metabolic processes: a weak stimulus leading to only a small adjustment, and stronger stimuli to elevated enzyme activity as well. With increasing doses of O3 this elevation in enzyme activity was found to be gradually diminished, possibly due to a steadily growing demand, leaving the overshoot becoming continually smaller until a balanced state is achieved. PMID- 7238453 TI - Chromosomal aberrations and bone marrow toxicity. AB - The importance of chromosomal aberrations as a proximate cause of bone marrow toxicity is discussed. Since chemicals that can cause nondisjunction are rare, numerical aberrations (aneuploidy, polyploidy) are not ordinarily important. Many structural aberrations, however, can lead directly to cell death and so are proximate causes of toxicity when they occur. The micronucleus test which utilizes the polychromatic erythrocyte is capable of detecting agents (clastogens) that can cause such structural aberrations. Many carcinogens can be detected by this test, and recent changes in the protocol may increase the success rate. Nevertheless only a small proportion of chemicals are clastogens. The importance of cell division in the expression of chromosomal damage and the stage of the cell cycle at the time of exposure on the amount of damage is emphasized. A speculative mechanism for the relationship between chromosomal aberrations and carcinogenicity is proposed. PMID- 7238454 TI - Analytical approaches to the study of the disposition of myelotoxic agents. AB - A correlation of myelotoxic effect with concentration or a foreign compound of its metabolite at the site of action may provide useful insights into the mechanism of toxic action and/or its amelioration. This correlation requires sensitive and specific assay methods. This communication describes useful methods for the study of benzene disposition in rodents. The assays are sensitive, specific, and rapid. They rely on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and on high performance liquid chromatography. These methods have allowed measurement of catechol, phenol, and hydroquinone in samples of rodent bone marrow following inhalation exposure to benzene. Their application to the study of benzene metabolism in rat bone marrow in situ is also described. PMID- 7238455 TI - Chemical toxicity of the granulocyte. AB - The effect of chemicals, including pharmacologic agents, on blood granulocytes, may be considered in terms of the effects on the function of mature cells as well as on their number. In turn, the number of cells can be influenced by chemicals which affect production, destruction or distribution within the blood. Neutrophil functions which can be inhibited by chemical agents include chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation, the metabolic burst related to membrane perturbation and intracellular killing. Some drugs can influence multiple neutrophil functions. Neutrophil production may be inhibited by toxic chemicals with a predictable effect, such as cancer chemotherapeutic drugs, where the effects are dose related, or the process may be influenced in an unpredictable (idiosyncratic) fashion, occurring only in a small proportion of patients exposed. Ineffective granulopoiesis with intramedullary death may be seen as a result of exposure to some drugs, as may increased neutrophil destruction, sometimes via an immunologic mechanism. Predictable neutrophil production inhibition by anticancer agents depends on dose, schedule, route of administration, metabolic integrity of organ systems such as liver and kidney, and the proliferative state of the marrow. For a given drug, factors which determine neutrophil toxicity include its mechanism of action, cytotoxic concentration, pharmacokinetics, metabolic and excretory pathway and target cells in the marrow. The use of assays for clonogenic hematopoietic precursor cells is allowing correlation with more traditional toxicologic methods and may be helpful in predicting specific hematologic toxicity in man, prior to actual clinical trials. The agar diffusion chamber assay for neutrophil-macrophage committed colony-forming cells is particularly useful since it allows in vivo exposure of the target cells to the agents being studied. PMID- 7238457 TI - Epidemiology, public health, and health surveillance around point sources of pollution. PMID- 7238456 TI - Environmental chemical-induced macrophage dysfunction. AB - Immunomodulation by environmental chemical contaminants and the role immune parameters play in toxicity and risk assessment studies is of increasing concern. Although considerable evidence has indicated that various xenobiotics may be immunosuppressive, little attention has been directed toward ascertaining a specific cellular locus which could be responsible for the impaired immune responsiveness. Since previous studies had suggested a macrophage defect in xenobiotic-induced immunosuppression and since macrophages are integral components of an immune response, an in-depth evaluation of macrophage function was conducted in xenobiotic-exposed mice. Macrophages isolated from mice receiving PCB, HCB, and dieldrin had no alteration in their in vitro O2 consumption while at rest or during phagocytosis. In addition, no alteration in in vitro phagocytic activity, phagocytic capacity or microbicidal activity was demonstrated. However, a significant impairment in the in vivo phagocytic clearance of a labelled antigen and an altered tissue distribution of the antigen was observed and was, perhaps, related, in part, to a significant decrease in serum fibronectin, an opsonic alpha 2 surface-binding glycoprotein. Furthermore, animals exposed to HCB and dieldrin, but not to PCB, had a profound decrease in their resistance to a challenge tumor cell implant which was related to a select alteration in tumor cell killing. The adherent spleen cells from HCB-treated mice had a profound suppression in their tumoricidal activity which was in contrast to dieldrin-treated mice, where the target cell type appeared to be the nonadherent cells. However, although dieldrin-exposed adherent cells (macrophages ?) did nt appear to have an altered tumoricidal capacity, all four macrophage types isolated from dieldrin-treated mice had a significantly impaired ability to process a cellular antigen. Splenic and alveolar macrophages appeared to be the most sensitive cell types to dieldrin. The present studies suggest that macrophage dysfunction may be an integral part of xenobiotic-induced immunosuppression and that the effector but not affector component of macrophage function may be the site of alteration. PMID- 7238458 TI - Mortality in 191 counties near energy facilities: use of economic and social variables for standardization. PMID- 7238459 TI - Estimating ground-level concentration patterns from isolated air-pollution sources: a brief summary. PMID- 7238460 TI - Simple models for community exposure from point sources of pollution. PMID- 7238461 TI - A Poisson trials approach to interpopulation comparisons of cause of death data. PMID- 7238462 TI - Confidentiality and freedom of information for epidemiological data in governmental research. PMID- 7238463 TI - A method for detecting a cohort exposure. PMID- 7238464 TI - Exposure of children in heavy metals from smelters: epidemiology and toxic consequences. PMID- 7238465 TI - Respiratory indicators. PMID- 7238466 TI - Cancer clustering around point sources of pollution: assessment by a case-control methodology. PMID- 7238467 TI - Methodological problems in ecologic studies of the asbestos--cancer relationship. PMID- 7238468 TI - Cancer morbidity investigations: lessons from the Duluth study of possible effects of asbestos in drinking water. PMID- 7238469 TI - A case-control method for assessing environmental risks from multiple industrial point sources. PMID- 7238470 TI - Cancer mortality in an industrial area of Baltimore. PMID- 7238471 TI - Morbidity and mortality in Los Alamos County, New Mexico. I. Methodological issues and preliminary results. PMID- 7238472 TI - Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase activity in growing male rats fed on a raw field bean (Vicia faba L.) diet. AB - A significant reduction (p less than 0.01) in both the rate of growth and liver protein was found in growing male rats fed ad libitum over a 5-week period on a diet containing raw field bean (Vicia faba L.) as the sole source of protein, as compared to casein-fed rats. The activity of the hepatic enzyme guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.2) as well as the urinary output of total nitrogen and creatinine were also significantly increased (p less than 0.01) in the legume fed rats. The addition of methionine to the legume diet did not improve the antinutritive effect caused by the raw field bean. The possible nature of these effects is discussed. PMID- 7238473 TI - Age-related changes in enzymes of rat brain. 1. Enzymes of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and lipogenesis. AB - Measurements have been made of the activity of the enzymes of the glycolytic, pentose phosphate and lipogenic pathways and of some marker enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in brains of rats aged between 20 days and 24 months. In general, the activity of the most enzymes measured was unchanged by aging but exceptions to this were increases of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 'malic enzyme' and decreases of ATP-citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase. An exceptionally large (2-fold) increase in the activity of cytosolic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was noted. These changes are considered in relation to the overall metabolic activity of the brain. PMID- 7238474 TI - Comparison and possible homology of isozymes of adenosine deaminase in Aves and humans. AB - Two kinetically distinct adenosine deaminase (ADA) isozymes with different molecular weights (35,000 and 100,000 daltons) are found in chicken liver in approximately equal amounts. The 100,000-dalton ADA has a markedly higher Km for adenosine and a markedly lower deaminating activity for deoxyadenosine relative to adenosine than does the 35,000-dalton ADA. A 100,000-dalton ADA isozyme has only recently been detected in mammalian tissues, where, in contrast to the chicken, it is only a trace component of total ADA activity. The human 100,000 dalton ADA isozyme, compared to the human 35,000-dalton ADA isozyme, has been reported to have a higher Km, a lower pH optimum, and a greater resistance to inhibition by erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-2-nonyl) adenine (EHNA). The similarity in KmS of the 100,000-dalton ADA isozyme in man and aves led us to hypothesize that these isozymes might be descended from a common ancestor and therefore also be similar as to other kinetic parameters. We now report that the chicken 100,000 dalton ADA, like the human 100,000-dalton isozyme, has a lower pH optimum and a greater resistance to inhibition by EHNA than does the avian or human 35,000 dalton isozyme. In addition, the avian 100,000-dalton isozyme is relatively resistant to inhibition by deoxycoformycin and has a cathodal rather than an anodal electrophoretic mobility at pH 6.5. Conversely, we report that the human 100,000-dalton ADA isozyme, similar to the avian 100,000-dalton ADA, has markedly lower relative deaminating activity for deoxyadenosine than does the 35,000 dalton ADA human isozyme. Thus, despite the marked difference in the relative amount of the 100,000- and 35,000-dalton ADA isozymes in man as compared to aves, the 100,000-dalton ADA isozymes from both species exhibit several similar kinetic properties, all of which are different from those of the 35,000-dalton ADA isozymes. We also report using a new sensitive assay, relative rates of degradation by the two chicken isozymes of several naturally occurring modified adenine nucleosides which are inhibitory to in vitro human lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 7238475 TI - The enigma of grass sickness. PMID- 7238477 TI - Examination of horses for purchase: special techniques. PMID- 7238476 TI - Problems associated with the use of radiography in the examination of a horse for a purchaser. AB - The radiography of horses on behalf of a purchaser has become an inevitable part of a veterinarian's work. Radiography should, in theory, pose no more problems than a general clinical examination. In practice, difficulties arise when insufficient or inadequate films are taken or the films are misinterpreted. Radiographs of a diagnostic quality need to be taken and interpreted by a veterinarian who is reasonably well versed in radiological interpretation. Occasionally a lesion will be overlooked or misinterpreted and the radiographs will be retained so that the veterinarian's judgement can be challenged. Nevertheless, if the examination is properly conducted it is the prospective purchaser who must accept the inherent limitations of the technique, not the examining veterinarian. There is an urgent need for discussions to clarify and agree on the scope of the radiographic examination which should be performed. There is also a need for further research into the significance of minor radiographic variations from normality in equine limbs and into the natural history of the diseases which affect this most vital area. PMID- 7238478 TI - Ischaemic myocardial fibrosis and aortic strongylosis in the horse. AB - The hearts and aortas of 2076 unselected horses of all ages were examined immediately after slaughter. Focal zones of fibrosis, observed in the myocardium of 14.3 per cent of hearts examined, were found in both atria and ventricles and were unrelated to age. Microscopically the majority of lesions involved myocardial fibre lysis and replacement fibrosis, although acute infarction was present in some cases. Intramyocardial arterioles in or adjacent to the lesions exhibited occlusive arteriosclerotic changes whereas those elsewhere remained patent. The evidence strongly suggests that the myocardial lesions were ischaemic in origin and related to the distribution of intramyocardial arteriosclerosis. Nodular fibrous plaques and mural thrombi associated with migrating larvae of Strongylus vulgaris were observed in the thoracic aorta of 9.4 per cent of horses. These intimal lesions were often present in the aortic bulb and proximal 10 cm of the thoracic aorta indicating that larval migration in this zone is common. Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant association between the occurrence of proximal aortic S vulgaris lesions and the presence of focal ischaemic lesions in the myocardium. The association was not the result of direct larval damage but appeared to be caused by microembolisation from parasitic lesions in the proximal aorta, producing obstructive arteriosclerotic lesions in myocardial arterioles. PMID- 7238479 TI - The place of the pathologist in equine practice. PMID- 7238480 TI - A survey of post mortem findings in 480 horses 1958 to 1980: (1) causes of death. AB - The causes of death recorded in 480 consecutive post mortem examinations of horses performed at the department of pathology, Veterinary Field Station, University of Liverpool, between February 1958 and February 1980, are reported. The alimentary, locomotor and nervous systems were those most frequently diseased. The most common specific entities were those associated with grass sickness, fractures and endoparasitism. PMID- 7238481 TI - A survey of post mortem findings in 480 horses 1958 to 1980: (2) disease processes not directly related to the cause of death. AB - Disease processes not directly related to the cause of death recorded in 480 consecutive post mortem examinations of horses performed at the department of pathology, Veterinary Field Station, University of Liverpool, between February 1958 and February 1980 are reported. The alimentary, cardiovascular, respiratory and locomotor systems were those most frequently diseased. The most common specific entities were those associated with endoparasitism and its associated vascular lesions, pneumonia and fractures. PMID- 7238482 TI - Relationship between early pregnancy site in consecutive gestations in mares. AB - The records of 200 pairs of consecutive pregnancies in mares showed that in 82 per cent of cases the second pregnancy was initially established in the opposite uterine horn to that of the first, irrespective of the parturition to conception interval. This relationship also occurred when the first pregnancy ended in abortion after 140 days but not if it terminated before this time. PMID- 7238483 TI - Serum levels of amoxycillin following its oral administration to thoroughbred foals. AB - Amoxycillin trihydrate was administered orally to 6 foals at dose rates of 13 mg/kg (low), 20 mg/kg (medium) and 30 mg/kg (high) and serum concentrations determined at intervals up to 8 h. Therapeutic serum levels of 1 microgram/ml persisted for 268 mins at a dose rate of 13 mg/kg, for 339 mins at 20 mg/kg and for 381 mins at 30 mg/kg. A 2 micrograms/ml serum level persisted for 198 mins at a dose rate of 13 mg/kg, for 268 mins at 20 mg/kg and for 311 mins at 30 mg/kg. To determine the spectra of its antibacterial activity, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of amoxycillin against 8 genera of common pathogenic bacteria in foals were examined. Of the bacteria tested, only Streptococcus equi, Strep zooepidemicus and Staphylococcus aureus (non-beta lactamase producing) would have been treated effectively with the serum levels which persisted in these foals. It is concluded that amoxycillin cannot be considered for broad spectrum use against pathogens likely to be encountered in the foal, but, because of its ease of administration orally, has a useful role in treating streptococcal infections and staphylococcal infections not caused by beta lactamase producers. If sensitivity testing of isolates is made, the drug may be useful also for treatment of some infections caused by the Gram-negative organisms Actinobacillus equuli and Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7238484 TI - Equine congenital cutaneous papillomatosis: a report of 5 cases. AB - Four cases of equine congenital cutaneous papillomatosis were found during a review of 555 cutaneous tumours received at the pathology department, Ontario Veterinary College, during a 10-year period. A fifth case received after that period was also included. Two of the tumours were found in Thoroughbreds, one in a Standardbred, one in an Arabian and in one case the breed was not specified. The anatomical locations were the rib cage, head, hind leg and 2 on the forehead. PMID- 7238485 TI - Treatment of crib-biting: a surgical approach in the standing horse. PMID- 7238486 TI - Half pin fixation in 2 cases of equine long bone fracture. PMID- 7238488 TI - Pharmacokinetics of procaine injected into the hock joint of the horse. PMID- 7238487 TI - Ileal smooth muscle hypertrophy and rupture in a horse. PMID- 7238489 TI - Eyestrain in inspection and clerical workers. PMID- 7238490 TI - The efficacy of some auditory-vocal subsidiary tasks as measures of the mental load on male and female drivers. PMID- 7238491 TI - The influence of body fat on isometric exercise performance. PMID- 7238492 TI - Feedback and maximum voluntary contraction. PMID- 7238493 TI - Personality and inter-subject differences in performance and physiological cost during whole-body vibration. PMID- 7238494 TI - Anthropometric study of Swedish engine drivers. PMID- 7238495 TI - Ratings of perceived exertion at the anaerobic threshold. PMID- 7238496 TI - Variation in human response to whole-body vibration. PMID- 7238497 TI - Comparison of the primary structure of the N-terminal CNBr fragments of human, bovine and porcine plasminogen. AB - The primary structures of the N-terminal CNBr fragment of human, bovine and porcine plasminogen were determined by automated Edman degradation in a combination of liquid and solid-phase techniques and also by applying the carboxypeptidase method. The comparison of the fragments showed three highly homologous and two variable regions. The heptapeptide sequence responsible for intramolecular interaction is preserved in a conservative region, whereas the sequence of the acidic loop varies considerably between the species. In the bovine and porcine fragments 18 of the 57 residues are exchanged when compared with the fragment of human plasminogen, whereas only 11 exchanges occur between the two fragments of animal origin. PMID- 7238498 TI - Transport of inorganic anions in perfused rat liver. AB - The transport of inorganic anions (sulfate, chloride, phosphate and bicarbonate) across the plasma membrane was investigated in hemoglobin-free perfused rat livers, applying the multiple-indicator dilution technique (pulse labelling of inorganic anions and indicator substances). The following results were obtained: 1. Chloride and phosphate exchanged very slowly between extracellular and intracellular spaces, whereas the exchange of sulfate was rapid. 2. The exchange of sulfate exhibited saturation kinetics with half-maximal rates at approximately 8mM sulfate. The maximal steady-state exchange rate was near 60 micromol x min-1 x (g liver wet wt)-1. 3. The exchange of sulfate was inhibited completely by cyanocinnamate; the inhibition was fully reversible. It was also completely, but irreversibly inhibited by diisothiocyanostilbenedisulfonic acid; the amount of the inhibitor bound by the liver that was required for half-maximal effect was considerably less than that required for the inhibition of D-lactate transport. 4. The exchange of sulfate was also inhibited by pyruvate and L-lactate at high concentrations; the inhibition was not competitive. 5. The exchange of D-lactate was not inhibited by sulfate or chloride. 6. Bicarbonate exchanges very rapidly; this process cannot be inhibited by cyanocinnamate. From these observations the following conclusions were drawn. A carrier system for the transport of inorganic anions, at least for sulfate, exists in the plasma membrane of liver. This carrier is specific for inorganic anions and is independent of the carrier system for the transport of monocarboxylates, in contrast to the findings with erythrocytes. Moreover, this carrier does not transport bicarbonate at a significant rate. Most likely, the rapid exchange of bicarbonate reflects the free diffusion of carbon dioxide. PMID- 7238499 TI - Two elongation factors from the extremely halophilic archaebacterium Halobacterium cutirubrum. Assay systems and purification at high salt concentrations. AB - Two peptide chain elongation factors from Halobacterium cutirubrum were purified nearly to homogeneity. They were identified and characterized by three assay systems working at very high salt concentrations: poly(Phe) synthesis, GDP binding and ADP-ribosylation. The purification procedure consisted of Sepharose 4B chromatography with a decreasing ammonium sulfate gradient, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 in the presence of (NH4)2SO4 and, for each of the two separated factors, an independent adsorption chromatography on hydroxyapatite. The factors were absolutely dependent on high salt concentrations for stability and activity. Both factors (I and II) complement each other to give fully active poly(Phe) synthesis, which is totally inhibited by puromycin and anisomycin. Factor I (Mr 51 000) is a major protein of the cell-free extract. It binds GDP, which can be displaced by GTP only to a small extent. The function of factor I in poly(Phe) synthesis is not impaired by high concentrations of kirromycin. The observed characteristics resemble partly those of prokaryotic EF-Tu and partly those of eukaryotic EF-1. Factor II (Mr 111 000) can be ADP-ribosylated by diphtheria toxin, and thus was identified as an EF-2-type elongation factor. PMID- 7238500 TI - Dimeric intermediates in the dissociation of lactic dehydrogenase. PMID- 7238501 TI - Dual effects of phenylalanine analogs on rabbit-muscle pyruvate kinase activity. AB - Rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase activity has been studied in the presence of L phenylalanine and its analogs: L-phenylalanyl methyl ester (PheOMe), L-1-amino-2 phenylethyl phosphonic acid (PnPhe), L-alanine and L-1-aminoethyl phosphonic acid (PnAla). At appropriate pH and substrate concentrations all the analogs and Phe exhibited activatory and inhibitory effects at low (1--5 mM) and at high (above 5mM) ligand concentrations respectively. Activation of pyruvate kinase by Phe and PheOMe was observed at pH above 8.2 in the presence of 2.5 mM ADP and 0.5 mM phosphoenolpyruvate (P-pyruvate), while PnPhe activation was also observed at pH 7.5. The activatory effect followed the order: PnPhe much greater than Phe greater than PheOMe. All the effectors showed a mixed type of inhibition or activation with P-pyruvate as a variable substrate and a non-competitive inhibition or activation with ADP as a variable substrate. PMID- 7238502 TI - Role of progesterone and glucocorticoids in the transcription of the beta-casein and 28-S ribosomal genes in the rabbit mammary gland. AB - Isolated mammary nuclei were incubated in the presence of HgCTP and the neosynthesized RNA was isolated with a SH-Sepharose column. The concentration of beta-casein mRNA and 28-S ribosomal RNA in the neosynthesized RNA fractions was measured using [3H]cDNA probes complementary to beta-casein mRNA and 28-S rRNA respectively. Prolactin injected into pseudopregnant animals accelerates the transcription of both genes and increases the stability of the beta-casein mRNA but not of the 28-S rRNA. Progesterone injected simultaneously with prolactin reduced considerably all these effects of prolactin, with a lower efficiency when the highest doses of prolactin were injected. These observations suggest that progesterone attenuates the transfer of prolactin information related to the lactogenesis into the mammary cell. Glucocorticoids injected with prolactin amplify the prolactin action on the expression of the beta-casein gene but not of the 28-S rRNA genes. In the absence of prolactin (a situation obtained by injecting simultaneously CB 154, a drug which inhibits pituitary prolactin secretion) glucocorticoids exhibit no effect. In the lactating rabbit glucocorticoids do not delay significantly the drop of beta-casein gene transcription rate provoked by weaning or by prolactin withdrawal obtained by injecting CB 154. A comparison of the beta-casein mRNA accumulation and the transcription rate of the beta-casein gene indicates that glucocorticoids act essentially by amplifying the activation of beta-casein transcription supported by prolactin, but not by enhancing the stability of the beta-casein mRNA. PMID- 7238503 TI - Purification and properties of alanopine dehydrogenase from the adductor muscle of the oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Mollusca, Bivalvia). PMID- 7238504 TI - The sea urchin sperm histone H2B readily forms a complex with heterologous H2A despite having an elongated N-terminal domain. AB - A test has been made of the postulate that interaction between histones H2A and H2B occurs only in the C-terminal domain of H2B and is independent of the N terminal domain in which the sites of chemical modification occur. Sea urchin sperm H2B's have much extended N-terminal domains when compared to other studied H2B's and the interactions of Sphaerechinus granularis H2B1 with homologous H2A and with calf thymus H2A have been studied. Continuous variation analysis of circular dichroism results indicates that both homologous and heterologous H2A/H2B pairs can cooperatively form complexes, which in all cases involve the same number of helical residues (approximately equal to 80). It is concluded that although the sequence of the N-terminal domain of H2B can indirectly influence the free solution association constant with histone H2A, it does not take part in the interaction. PMID- 7238506 TI - The major components of the mouse and human genomes. 1. Preparation, basic properties and compositional heterogeneity. AB - Main-band DNA from mammals and birds can be resolved by density gradient centrifugation techniques into three or four families of fragments of different dG + dC contents. These major DNA components are similar in their buoyant densities and relative amounts in all species tested and are observed in DNA preparations ranging in Mr from 2 X 10(6) to over 200 X 10(6). In the present work, the four major components of mouse and human DNAs were prepared and characterized in several basic properties: relative amounts, dG + dC contents, buoyant densities and compositional heterogeneity. The results obtained lead to the following conclusions: (a) the major DNA components of mouse and man form at least 85% and possibly the totality of the main bands of these DNAs; (b) they have very low compositional heterogeneities over a wide molecular weight range; (c) they derive from very large chromosomal DNA segments of fairly homogeneous base composition, for which the name 'isochores' is proposed. A comparison of the compositional heterogeneity of main-band DNAs from warm-blooded and cold-blooded vertebrates confirms our previous conclusion that these DNAs are characterized by a different sequence organization. PMID- 7238507 TI - A bacterial glucoamylase degrading cyclodextrins. Partial purification and properties of the enzyme from a Flavobacterium species. AB - A Flavobacterium species has been isolated which produces a cyclodextrin degrading glucoamylase. The inducible, cell-bound enzyme was purified about 10 fold to 75% purity in 57% yield. The action of the enzyme was studied with the main cyclodextrins (cyclohexaamylose, cycloheptaamylose and cyclooctaamylose) and with the typical glucoamylase substrates, respectively. The final degradation product with all the substrates was glucose. Small amounts of maltose, which could be detected in the course of cyclodextrin degradation, were hydrolyzed at a lower rate. V for cyclohexaamylase was found to be about 14-15 mumol glucose min 1 (mg pure protein)-1, the Km for cyclohexaamylose was 0.142 mM. Apparently the enzyme preferred shorter alpha-D-glucopyranosyl chains. Besides maltose, amylopectin and glycogen proved to be very poor substrates. Some properties of the enzyme have been described. PMID- 7238505 TI - Translation in vivo and in vitro of mRNAs coding for vitellogenin, serum albumin and very-low-density lipoprotein II from chicken liver. A difference in translational efficiency. AB - Characterisation of polysomes from estrogenized chicken liver revealed that very low-density lipoprotein II (VLDLII), serum albumin and vitellogenin mRNAs are differently packed with ribosomes during translation in vivo. Tne ribosome density per number of nucleotides is high for VLDLII mRNA, intermediate for serum albumin mRNA and low for vitellogenin mRNA. This difference in ribosomal load is maintained throughout the period of hormone effect. The differential utilisation observed for vitellogenin and VLDLII mRNAs partly explains the large difference in molar production rate between these yolk protein precursors. Translation properties and efficiency of the three hepatic mRNAs were also compared in the mRNA-depleted reticulocyte lysate. Elongation of the nascent chains for vitellogenin and serum albumin proceeded in a discontinuous fashion. Initiation in vitro was studied at varying ionic strengths, in the presence of aurintricarboxylic acid, and at suboptimal hemin concentrations. VLDLII mRNA expression is by far the most resistant to 7-methylguanosine 5'-triphosphate (m7GTP) and high salt concentrations, vitellogenin mRNA the least. This behaviour resembles the differential utilisation of the mRNAs in vivo. The putative structural basis of these differences is discussed. PMID- 7238509 TI - The isolation and characterisation of nerve growth factor from the prostate gland of the guinea-pig. AB - Nerve growth factor from the guinea-pig prostate gland has been completely purified and characterised. Its chemical and biological properties in vitro are compared with those of nerve growth factor from other sources. PMID- 7238510 TI - The regulation of glycolysis in human erythrocytes. The dependence of the glycolytic flux on the ATP concentration. PMID- 7238508 TI - Circular dichroism study of stacking properties of oligodeoxyadenylates and polydeoxyadenylate. A three-state conformational model. AB - The temperature dependence of the circular dichroism (CD) spectra of a series of deoxyadenylates (dA)n, n = 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, infinity, in aqueous solution was studied. The data were interpreted on the basis of a new conformational model for the stacked state suggested by our previous proton NMR studies on (dA)2 and (dA)3 [C. S. M. Olsthoorn, L. J. Bostelaar, J. H. van Boom & C. Altona (1980) Eur. J. biochem. 112, 95-110]. In this model the stacked regions of the single-stranded oligomers consist of residues taking up a geometry resembling that of the B-DNA genus of structures (all sugars S or C2'-endo) except those residues at the 3' end that do not 'feel' a following stacking interaction. The deoxyribose rings in the latter residues retain (or regain when melting out removes a stacking interaction somewhere along the chain) the conformational freedom (S in equilibrium N, N = C3'-endo) that these rings possess in the monomers 2' deoxyadenosine 5'-methylphosphate or in 2'-deoxyadenosine 3',5' bis(methylphosphate), as the case may be. It is shown that this model allows (a) construction of the CD spectra of (dA)n, n = 3, 6, 9, 12, from those of the dimer and the polymer; (b) the separation of the weak CD displayed by the regular S-S stacking mode and the far stronger CD exhibited by the 3'-end S-N stacking (the latter CD resembles that of the A-DNA genus of structures); (c) delineation of the thermodynamics of stacking. The melting temperature remains constant and independent of chain length (about 50 degrees C) whereas delta H degrees and delta S degrees show a slight increase in absolute values on increasing n from 2 to infinity owing to small cooperativity effects. Near 0 degrees C the dimer occurs for about 90% in the stacked form, the oligomers attain even higher conformational purities. It is suggested that premelting phenomena observed in the CD spectra of double-helical DNAs may also involve local transitions from the normal B-like ----S-S-s---- stacking mode to an A-like ----S-S-N---- stacking geometry. PMID- 7238511 TI - Binding of the chemoattractant folic acid by Dictyostelium discoideum cells. AB - The binding of the chemoattractant folic acid to intact Dictyostelium discoideum cells has been studied. A few hundred thousand ligand molecules can be bound per cell with a dissociation constant in the order of 3 X 10(-7) M. Intact cells equilibrate rapidly with extracellular folic acid, suggesting that the binding sites are located on the outer cell surface. The folic-acid-binding properties do not change during early cell development induced by starvation for nutrients. A number of putative folate-binding proteins have been identified in a detergent solubilized plasma membrane fraction by affinity chromatography on folate Sepharose and specific elution with free folate. One of these proteins appeared to be an integral membrane protein as was deduced from its amphiphilic behaviour. It may be that among these proteins is the chemotactic receptor for folate. PMID- 7238512 TI - Changes in amount of hypo-modified tRNA having guanine in place of queuine during erythroid differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells. AB - The amounts of hypo-modified tRNAs having guanine in place of queuine in murine erythroleukemic cells decreased markedly when the cells differentiated into mature erythroid cells. The amounts of these hypo-modified tRNAs can be determined easily by measuring incorporation of labeled guanine into tRNA with Escherichia coli tRNA--guanine transglycosylase. The decrease was detected at on early stage of erythroid differentiation: namely, before any detectable increase in the percentage of cells containing hemoglobin. The amount of guanine-accepting tRNA species was nearly proportional to the percentage of undifferentiated cells in the population, regardless of the type of inducer used. Decrease in the amounts of hypo-modified tRNAs in the cells was effectively blocked by 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, which inhibits differentiation of these cells. 8 Azaguanine, which is known to be substrate of tRNA--guanine transglycosylase, was incorporated almost exclusively into the first position of hypo-modified tRNA in murine erythroleukemic cells when they were pulse-labeled in culture with 8 azaguanine, suggesting strongly that tRNA-guanine transglycosylase in the cells is actually involved in incorporation of 8-azaguanine into tRNA in vivo. The amount of 8-azaguanine incorporated into tRNA in differentiated cells was one third of that in undifferentiated cells, the decrease being parallel with that in the amount of guanine-accepting tRNA in these cells. The results suggest that the appearance of hypo-modified tRNAs in the transformed cells was due to lack of substrate for queuosine biosynthesis in tRNA. PMID- 7238513 TI - The chemical structure of the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharides from Vibrio cholerae. AB - The chemical structure of the lipid A component of the lipopolysaccharide from Vibrio cholerae 95R was studied. After sequential degradation a reduced D glucosamine disaccharide was isolated from lipid A and, after permethylation, shown by combined gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to be beta 1,6 linked. The disaccharide is substituted with a phosphate group, ester-bound to the non-reducing glucosamine (GlcN) residue and a pyrophosphorylethanolamine group (PP-Etn) linked to C-1 of the reducing glucosamine residue. This backbone structure is shown in the following formula: P-GlcN(beta 1-6)GlcN-1-PP-Etn. The amino groups of the glucosamine disaccharide are substituted by D-3 hydroxytetradecanoic acid; tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic and a D-3-O-(D-3 hydroxydodecanoyl)-dodecanoic acid residue are linked to hydroxyl groups. A similar fatty acid composition was detected in lipopolysaccharides from Inaba, Ogawa and NAG strains of V. cholerae. PMID- 7238514 TI - Structural relation of two S-100 proteins in bovine brain; subunit composition of S-100a protein. AB - Dodecyl sulfate/urea/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of S-100a protein, one of the two major components of the brain-specific S-100 protein, indicated the presence of two different subunits in the protein. These subunits (alpha and beta subunits) were purified from the aminoethylated protein by column chromatography on Sephadex G-75, and the purified subunits were subjected to analyses. The results have shown that S-100a protein is a dimer of alpha and beta subunits, with each subunit having a molecular weight of approximately 10500. Structural comparison of these subunits with the subunit of S-100b protein, the other component of S-100 protein consisting of two identical subunits with known amino acid sequence, has revealed that the beta subunit and the subunit of S-100b protein are identical, so that S-100a protein is related to S-100b protein by sharing one of the subunits as a common structural constituent. PMID- 7238515 TI - NADH-dependent glutamate synthase from lupin nodules. Reactions with oxidised and reduced 3-acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide. AB - 3-Acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide, reduced form (AcPdADH) is able to act as an alternative reductant in glutamate-synthase-catalysed glutamate synthesis. In the AcPdADH-dependent reaction, kcat and Km values for the other substrates are fourfold lower than those for the NADH-dependent reaction, and Km for AcPdADH is about 3 microM. AcPdADH acts as a competitive inhibitor with respect to NADH in NADH-dependent glutamate synthesis, with a Ki of 1 microM. Glutamate synthase catalyses NADH-dependent reduction of AcPdAD+. This appears to proceed by a substituted-enzyme (ping-pong) mechanism, with competitive substrate inhibition by NADH at high levels. The Km values for this reaction are 1.4 microM for NADH and 14 microM for AcPdAD+ and kcat is 51 s-1; Ki for NADH is about 10 microM. The latter findings suggest that NADH is capable of reducing the enzyme molecule in the absence of other substrates and that a reduced form of the enzyme can exist in the absence of bound NADH. PMID- 7238517 TI - Investigation of the substrate-binding site of trypsin by the aid of tripeptidyl p-nitroanilide substrates. AB - The kinetic parameters of the tryptic hydrolysis of tripeptidyl-p-nitroanilide substrates were determined and the data were studied by regression analysis. The sequence of substrates optimal from the viewpoint of kinetic constants 1/Km, kcat and kcat/Km was established and the influence of amino acid side chains on the binding and reactivity of substrates was calculated. At subsite P3 [notation of Schechter and Berger (1967) Biochem. Biophys, Res. Commun. 27, 157] polar side chains (Asn, D-Arg) are favourable as regards 1/Km, whereas hydrophobic side chains are preferred definitely from the viewpoint of catalytic efficiency, just as at subsite P2. In the side chain contributions, calculated for the kinetic parameters, the P3-S3 interaction predominates, in spite of the fact that the properties of the residue at subsite P1 decide whether hydrolysis occurs at all. The ZAsn-Ile-Arg-Nan sequence was predicted as a better substrate than those tested experimentally. The compound was synthesized, and the calculated value of its 1/Km (116.4 mM-1) was in a good agreement with the measured value (100.2 mM 1). Comparing the data obtained with trypsin with those observed with thrombin, elastase and subtilisin, we can establish that the homology of these enzymes can be characterized at each binding subsite by the aid of tripeptidyl-p-nitroanilide substrates. The quantities derived allow one to envisage a novel type of comparison of the proteases. PMID- 7238516 TI - Study of the specificity of thrombin with tripeptidyl-p-nitroanilide substrates. AB - The kinetic behaviour of human thrombin has been studied with 26 tripeptidyl-p nitroanilide substrates protected at the N terminus and with 9 unprotected ones. By the regression analysis of experimentally determined 1/Km, kcat and kcat/Km values the individual contribution of each side chain of the various substrates to the kinetic parameters was calculated. The contributions to the kinetic parameters of the best substrates provide information about the structure of the binding site. The interaction of subsites S1 and P1, which determines primary specificity, proved to be marginal on the basis of contribution values, though it depends upon this contact whether the substrate is hydrolyzed at all. At subsite S2 proline appeared to be favourable. Subsite S3 plays an important role in efficiency. The best parameters were obtained here with the D configurations of bulky amino acid residues. The aromatic protecting groups applied did not improve the properties of substrates. BZDPhe-Pro-Arg-Nan was predicted by calculation to be better than the protected substrates assayed. The compound was synthesized and tested. Its experimentally determined 1/Km, 55.1 mM-1, was in good agreement with 50.9 mM-1 found by calculation. PMID- 7238518 TI - Studies on the thermal denaturation of histone-H1-depleted chromatin. AB - The multiphasic thermal denaturation profile of histone-H1-depleted chromatin was studied by using a nucleoprotein preparation which lacked the first high temperature transition at about 72 degrees C. Such a preparation was obtained by heating at 72 degrees C H1-depleted chromatin, the DNA of which was cross-linked with psoralen to ensure a complete renaturation of DNA upon cooling. When this nucleoprotein was redenatured, its melting profile was found to be significantly altered: only one high temperature peak centered at about 82 degrees C was observed in addition to the low temperature transition at about 53 degrees C. The kinetics of digestion of this material with micrococcal nuclease showed a limit digest equal to that found for the 'native' H1-depleted chromatin but the rate of hydrolysis was higher. The monomer particles prepared from this nucleoprotein were found similar to the 'native' monosomes in respect to protein:DNA ratio and size of DNA but showed an altered melting profile: the premelt area was broader, bigger, and centered at lower temperature; the main peak was reduced in size with no change in its melting temperature. On the basis of these data, the following conclusions were drawn: (a) the last two thermal transitions in H1-depleted chromatin most likely reflect the presence within each nucleosome of two regions with different stability of DNA; (b) DNA involved in the first high thermal transition of H1-depleted chromatin belongs to nuclease-accessible DNA, and (c) the main peak in the biphasic melting profile of the monomer particles reflects the denaturation of DNA regions which in the polymer nucleoprotein are involved in the two high temperature transitions. PMID- 7238519 TI - Acacia proteinase inhibitors. Purification and properties of the trypsin inhibitors from Acacia elata seed. AB - Two trypsin inhibitors from the seed of Acacia elata, a legume of the subfamily Mimosoideae, were isolated by affinity chromatography on trypsin-Sepharose 4B and separated by chromatography on SP-Sephadex C-25 and Sephadex G-100. The two inhibitors, with molecular weights of about 20 000, were composed of two polypeptide chains linked by a disulfide bond. The two inhibitors had essentially the same amino acid compositions and both contained four half-cystine residues, no methionine and were rich in aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and leucine. The inhibitors had isoelectric points of 6.4 and 5.9. The inhibitors stoichiometrically inhibited trypsin in the molar ratio of 1:1, alpha chymotrypsin was inhibited also in a 1:1 molar ratio but the binding of the enzyme by the inhibitor was weaker and the inhibitor-chymotrypsin complex dissociated during the assay. Both enzymes are probably inhibited at an identical site. Amino-terminal sequence analysis of the two polypeptide chains of the inhibitors revealed extensive homology with the trypsin inhibitor from the silk tree (another Mimosoideae legume); both these inhibitors are homologous with the soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz). PMID- 7238520 TI - Structure determination by 360-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis of a biantennary glycan of the N-acetyllactosaminic type isolated from rat-liver plasma membrane. AB - Glycopeptides obtained by exhaustive pronase digestion of delipidated rat liver plasmic membranes were purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. These glycopeptides were further fractionated by affinity chromatography on a concanavalin-A--Sepharose 4B column into the following fractions: (a) glycopeptides which did not bind to the column (fraction 1); (b) glycopeptides with weak affinity for concanavalin-A--Sepharose, which could be eluted with buffer only (fraction 2); (c) glycopeptides retained on the column and which could be eluted specifically with buffer containing 0.2 M methyl alpha-glucoside (fraction 3). On the basis of the carbohydrate composition, methylation analysis and 360-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy, the following primary structure of a glycan in fraction 2 is proposed: (see formula in text). PMID- 7238521 TI - On the alkali light chains of vertebrate skeletal myosin. Nucleotide binding and salt-induced conformational changes. AB - The interaction of alkali light chains of vertebrate skeletal myosin with nucleotides and KCl has been examined by chemical modifications of these proteins, by direct binding measurements, and in circular dichroism studies. The reactivities of the single thiol groups in the isolated alkali light chains A1 and A2 have been studied by reacting these proteins with 5,5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoic acid) (Nbs2). MgATP and MgADP reduced the reactivities of thiol groups while high concentrations of KCl increased them. Subsequent equilibrium dialysis experiments verified the presence of a low-affinity nucleotide binding site per each alkali subunit. Circular dichroism measurements revealed that KCl induced local (around phenylalanines) and overall (alpha-helical content) conformational changes of equal magnitude in the two alkali light chains. However, salt induced different conformational changes in the subfragment 1 isoenzymes, S-1(A1) and S-1(A2). This differential salt effect on the S-1 isoenzymes was confirmed by comparing their thermal stability in different salt conditions. AT low KCl concentrations (5 mM), S-1(A1) was found to be considerably more heat labile than S-1(A2); at higher salt levels (50 mM KCl) the stability of S-1(A1) approached that of S-1(A2). These experiments are discussed in terms of the relationship between the alkali subunits and the ATP and the actin-binding sites of myosin. PMID- 7238523 TI - Structural gene products of the murine Ah complex. Differences in ontogenesis and glucosamine incorporation between liver microsomal cytochromes P1-450 and P-448 induced by polycyclic aromatic compounds. AB - Antibodies against mouse-liver microsomal cytochromes P1-450 and P-448, two polycyclic aromatic inducible cytochromes, were previously developed [Negishi, M. and Nebert, D.W. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 11015-11023]. Liver microsomes from 3 methylcholanthrene-treated and phenobarbital-treated and control adult mice and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-treated adult and fetal mice were examined. Immunoprecipitable radioactivity was measured, following labeling with pyridoxal phosphate/NaB[3H]4 or with 125I-labeled p-aminosulfobenzoic acid/NaNO2 in vitro or with [3H]leucine, [14C]glucosamine, or [32P]O4 in vivo. (a) Induction of cytochrome P1-450 occurs developmentally earlier in gestation than induction of cytochrome P-448 when the mother is treated with polycyclic aromatic compounds. (b) There appears to be a basal form of cytochrome P-448 but no cytochrome P1-450 in control liver microsomes; inducibility of cytochrome P-448 thus ranges between 5--12-fold, whereas that of P1-450 is infinite. (c) Phenobarbital pretreatment induces no detectable P1-450 or P-448. (d) P-448 appears to be either greater in concentration than P1-450 in the membrane or more exposed than P1-450 on the microsomal membrane surface. (e) By the radioimmunoassay methods used, 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced P1-450 and P-448 in Ah-nonresponsive mice are indistinguishable from those in Ah-responsive mice; this is true in both the fetus and the adult. (f) Compared with P-448 expression, the expression of P1-450 is more closely associated with 3-methylcholanthrene-induced aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, and these two structural gene products are apparently regulated independently. (g) P-448 but not P1-450 appears to be a glycoprotein. These data illustrate further differences between two forms of polycyclic aromatic-inducible P-450 in mouse liver. Neither P1-450 nor P-448 appears to be a phosphoprotein. Neither anti-(P1-450) nor anti-(P-448) precipitates any forms of liver microsomal P-450 from beta-naphthoflavone-treated adult rabbits and, conversely, anti-LM4 (the antibody to rabbit liver microsomal P-450 form 4) does not precipitate any forms of liver microsomal P-450 from 3-methylcholanthrene treated C57BL/6N mice. PMID- 7238524 TI - Transferrin uptake by cultured rat embryo fibroblasts. The influence of temperature and incubation time, subcellular distribution and short-term kinetic studies. PMID- 7238522 TI - On the DD-carboxypeptidase enzyme system of Streptomyces strain K15. AB - Streptomyces K15 possesses a set of exocellular and cell-bound D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidases. Four of them have been isolated to the stage where each enzyme preparation contains on single penicillin-binding protein. The exocellular 54000 Mr enzyme is extremely sensitive to benzylpenicillin and performs low transpeptidase activity on the carbonyl-donor/amino-acceptor tetrapeptide ACLLys(Gly)-DAla-DAla. The exocellular 40 000-Mr enzyme and the two lysozyme releasable 40 000-Mr and 38 000-Mr enzymes are moderately sensitive to benzylpenicillin and have a high propensity to catalyse dimer formation from the aforementioned tetrapeptide monomer. PMID- 7238525 TI - Conformational changes of yeast tRNAphe as monitored by 31P NMR. AB - The 31P NMR spectra of tRNAs contain approximately 17 resonances resolved from the main resonance which consists of about 80% of the total resonance intensity arising from the sugar phosphate backbone. In the present paper we study the behavior of the 31P resonances of yeast tRNAPhe as a function of temperature and of solution conditions. By comparison with other melting experiments we show that three resonances (called c, e and j2) belong to phosphates in the anticodon loop, while the remaining resolved 31P resonances come from phosphates in specific conformations in the central part of the molecule imposed by the tertiary structure. These conformations are different from the normal g-,g- conformation found in A-RNA double helices. The assignments are in good agreement with those previously made on the basis of chemical and enzymatic modification experiments [P. J. M. Salemink, T. Swarthof & C. W. Hilbers (1979) Biochemistry, 18, 3477 3485]. AT high Mg2+ concentrations the anticodon loop is found to be present in two different conformations. For all solution conditions studied loss of the anticodon loop structure takes place before the tertiary structure is melted out. The melting of the tertiary structure is not strictly an all- or-none process. The lifetimes of phosphate conformations involved in the tertiary structure may differ by at least a factor of two. It can also be concluded that the range of chemical shifts observed for phosphodiesters cannot at the moment be accounted for by theoretical calculations. PMID- 7238526 TI - Microtubules: are they involved in the initiation of lymphocyte activation? AB - Purified human blood lymphocytes were stimulated with concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin. DNA synthesis was measured with 2-h pulses of [3H]thymidine between 48 h and 73 h after stimulation. Colchicine, at concentrations between 0.1 muM and 10 muM, suppressed consequent DNA synthesis without affecting viability of the cells when added at any time up to 18 h before incorporation of [3H]thymidine was assessed. In concanavalin-A-stimulated lymphocytes, removal of the mitogen by methyl alpha-mannoside only prevented proliferation when added initially, but was without any effect when added after 20 h of stimulation, regardless of when DNA synthesis was measured. Thus, there was a period after 20 h of concanavalin A stimulation, when DNA synthesis was still sensitive to colchicine, but no longer required the presence of the mitogen. Colchicine also suppressed incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein, in resting as well as mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Similarly, colchicine decreased amino acid transport, as determined by uptake of alpha-amino-isobutyrate, which appeared to be the rate-limiting step in the incorporation of amino acids into protein in colchicine-treated cells. When the rate of protein synthesis was followed by the relative distribution of ribosomal particles, especially the increase of polysomes in activated lymphocytes, colchicine was without any detectable effect. The early increase in the incorporation of [14C]oleate into phospholipids was identical in the presence or absence of the microtubule-active drug. The data strongly suggest that microtubules are not involved in the initiation of lymphocyte growth or mitogenesis. PMID- 7238527 TI - Intracellular compartmentation and secretion of carp proinsulin synthesized in Xenopus oocytes. AB - Carp proinsulin and rabbit globin, synthesized in Xenopus oocytes in response to simultaneously injected mRNAs, are found in membrane vesicles and in the cytosol respectively. After 24 h of incubation labeled proinsulin, but not globin, is found also in the medium, indicating specific secretion from the oocytes. No insulin could be found either within or outside the oocytes. The results provide further evidence that the mRNA for a given protein contains the information for its intracellular destination and its eventual secretion. PMID- 7238528 TI - Alterations in density and size distribution of intramembrane particles in the inner membrane of mitochondria from chloramphenicol-fed mice. AB - The diameters and number per unit area (density) of intramembrane particles in mitochondrial inner membranes isolated from livers of chloramphenicol-fed and control mice were assessed by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. In addition, the levels of cytochrome hemes aa3, b, and c + c1 of the mitochondria were measured spectrophotometrically. The results show that CAP caused (1) a portion of the mitochondria to develop much larger than normal matrix volumes and inner membrane surface areas, (2) a decrease in the average diameter of intramembrane particles on both the convex and concave fracture faces of all membranes regardless of the membrane surface area, (3) a decrease in intramembrane particle density on only those membranes with a greater than normal surface area, and (4) a 75% decrease in heme aa3, a 25% decrease in heme b, and no change in heme c + c1 levels. It is concluded that intramembrane particles represent membrane integral proteins and that the components of integral proteins which originate from mitochondrial translation are located in the hydrophobic region of the bilayer and occupy volumes shared equally by each bilayer leaflet. In addition the mechanism by which CAP induces a portion of the mitochondria to develop larger than normal sizes most likely includes a net lipid insertion into the bilayer which exceeds the net protein insertion during the CAP-feeding interval. PMID- 7238529 TI - Changes in the ultrastructure of actomyosin gel during hydrolysis of ATP under various ionic conditions. AB - The interaction of myosin and actin in the presence of MgATP under various ionic conditions was investigated by a simultaneous determination of changes in turbidity, liberation of inorganic phosphate, distribution of the two proteins between the supernatant and precipitate obtained after a short-time centrifugation, and by electron microscopy. The results confirm the view that the extent of association between myosin and actin filaments is low not only in the clear phase but also under the conditions when the addition of MgATP results in superprecipitation without a detectable clear phase. Extensive formation of aggregates of parallelly aligned myosin and actin filaments coincides with the depletion of ATP, indicating that these aggregates represent rigor complexes. Relation between ATP-induced turbidity changes and structural changes in the actomyosin system under various ionic conditions is discussed. PMID- 7238530 TI - Trace elements in phasic and tonic muscles. AB - The differences in the content of trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb and Sr) in phasic and tonic scallop adductor muscles have been revealed by using X-ray fluorescence analysis. The phasic (yellow) muscles have been found to be richer in Fe and Cu while more deficient in Zn and Br as compared to the tonic (white) muscles. No appreciable differences in the Rb and Sr content has been found. A statistical treatment of the data obtained suggests that phasic and tonic muscles differ in their metabolism of trace elements and the regulation of the concentrations of various trace elements by the muscle cell is achieved by different mechanisms. PMID- 7238531 TI - Nonprotamine nucleoprotein ultrastructures in mature ram sperm nuclei. AB - Nuclei from mature ram spermatozoa were treated with a solution of 0.25 M 2 mercaptoethanol, 2 M NaCl, 4 to 8 M urea to dissociate protamines and some other proteins from DNA. The material remaining after such a treatment was spread for electron microscopy in the microcentrifugation chamber. Two types of structures were observed determined by proteins of nonprotamine nature. The first type was represented by protein bodies of an irregular ringlike shape to which DNA fibers were anchored to form a network. This structure determines the shape of the sperm head and may correspond to the nuclear skeleton described in somatic cells. The second type of structures were chromatin fibers containing beads of approximately nucleosomal size. These rough fibers were unevenly distributed in the nucleus and were much less frequent than the smooth fibers usually observed. Both types of structures were determined by unusually firmly bound proteins. They were resistant not only to the reduction of disulfide bonds and to high salt and urea concentrations but also to 2% sodium dodecysulfate and to 5 M guanidine chloride. These results show that apart from packing of DNA in a nucleoprotamine complex, two levels of DNA organization can be observed in the ram sperm nucleus: the first level consists of two kinds of DNA fibers (smooth and rough); in the second level of DNA is organized in domains fixed by a proteinous nuclear skeleton. PMID- 7238532 TI - A serial sectioning study of the structure of human mitotic chromosomes. AB - The organization of chromosomes in mitotic HeLa cells was investigated by serial sectioning and electron microscopy. Mitotic HeLa cells were resuspended in a hypotonic buffer containing a magnesium ion concentration of 1.0 to 1.5 mM prior to fixation and sectioning. By treating the cells in this way, most of the material adjacent to the chromosomes were removed, and the chromosomes were slightly expanded, thereby separating the chromatin fibers and allowing their arrangement to be observed. Gazing sections that cut across the chromatids longitudinally and transversely are especially informative. The typical pattern of radially oriented fibers which is found for sections through the body of the chromatids is replaced by a dot pattern. The array of dots, which is almost exclusively found as the sections approach the chromosome boundary, must result from the sectioning knife cutting across chromatin strands. Longitudinal and transverse sections both show the transition from radial fibers to dots and demonstrate that chromosome organization is the same around the chromatid arms. As was previously found with random sections [1], consecutive, transverse sections through the body of the chromatid arms show the primary mode of organization to be a radial distribution of fibers. These consecutive sections firmly establish that this characteristic feature of chromosome organization extends through the particles and is not merely a feature of occasional, untypical sections. Serial sections that intersect the body of the particles approximately parallel to the chromatid arms further demonstrate that the fundamental orientation of the fibers is radial and extends uniformly through and along the chromatids. PMID- 7238533 TI - Ultrastructural characterization of a mouse melanoma cell line, a mouse fibroblastic cell line, and hybrids between them. AB - This report describes a transmission electron microscopic study on hybrids between subhexaploid mouse melanoma cells and subtetraploid mouse fibroblasts. The melanoma cell line was heterogeneous in terms of pigment production, but all cells contained melanosomes, although in different stages of development. Characteristic features of the fibroblasts included the cytoskeleton, endocytic vesicles, and occurrence of dilated cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum. Despite the gene dosage in favour of the melanoma parent cell, the hybrids were devoid of melanosomes, and their phenotype was typically fibroblastic in character. PMID- 7238534 TI - Cell aggregation of the marine sponge Geodia cydonium. Identification of lectin producing cells. AB - A D-galactose-specific lectin, purified from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium, is present on the cell surface of mucoid cells, free choanocytes and choanocyte clusters, as revealed first, by the adhesion assay which is based on the formation of "rosettes" with erythrocytes, and second, by immunofluorescence studies. Using the same techniques no lectin could be identified on the surface of archaeocytes. Rosette formation was inhibited in the presence of 20 mM D lactose as well as after preincubation of erythrocytes with purified lectin. Titration experiments in a hemagglutination assay showed that the highest level of extractable lectin (5% of the total protein) is found in mucoid cells, lower concentrations are determined in choanocyte clusters (0.07%), free choanocytes (0.05%) and archaeocytes (0.01%). Only the mucoid cells were found to synthesize lectin which is secreted and subsequently transferred to the cell surface of other cell types. As one consequence of the binding of the lectin to the cell surface of aggregation-deficient choanocytes or archaeocytes, the conversion of these cells to aggregation-susceptible ones is observed. These results support previous evidence that the lectin is involved in the reaggregation process of single cells in the homologous biological system. PMID- 7238535 TI - Polydispersity of rat liver peroxisomes induced by the hypolipidemic and carcinogenic agent clofibrate. AB - 1. The present study has confirmed that the hypolipidemic and carcinogenic agent clofibrate induces a marked increase in the specific activity of some peroxisomal marker enzymes in rat liver homogenates, notably of the palmitoyl-CoA dependent dehydrogenase and catalase activities. 2. Clofibrate was found to induce a marked polydispersity of the peroxisomes as determined by analytical differential centrifugation of homogenates and morphometric analysis of hepatocytes. 3. Two major populations of peroxisomes were detected by analytical differential centrifugation under conditions which reduce the hydrostatic pressure effects on the organelle to a minimum. Using urate oxidase as the marker enzyme, the S4,B values of the two populations were estimated to 1 1 860 S and 4240 S, both different from that of the homogenous population of peroxisomes in the control animals (S4,B approximately equal to 6680 S). The 4240 S-population induced by clofibrate revealed a high specific activity relative to that of of urate oxidase and particularly relative to that of catalase, which was very low. In addition, a less distinct population of particles (870 S lees than S lees than 4240 S) contained more than 50% of the total particle-bound palmitoyl-CoA dependent dehydrogenase activity sedimented at a centrifugal effect of t integral of 0 rmp(2)dt = 1.5 x 10(10) min(-1), but not urate oxidase and catalase activities. This fraction was not observed in the homogenates of normal rats. As in the normal controls, the palmitoyl-CoA dependent dehydrogenase activity was found to be particle-bound (S greater than 870 S). 4. Morphometric analyses of randomly selected hepatocytes revealed that after clofibrate treatment the relative volume fraction of the peroxisomes increased by a factor of 5.5 and thier average diameter and volume by a factor of 1.3 and 2.1, respectively. Furthermore, the frequency of electron-dense matrix cores decreased on clofibrate treatment. In contrast, no change was observed in the average size of the mitochondria, and their relative volume fraction increased only by a factor of 1.2. 5. The clofibrate induced changes in eh morphological and biochemical properties of rat liver peroxisomes appears to be a very useful model system in which to study the biogenesis as well as the biochemical and physiological role(s) of this organelle in mammalian cells. PMID- 7238536 TI - The thyroid lysosomal system: dynamic state of the organelles in relation to iodine release. AB - Endocytosis and hydrolysis of thyroglobulin (Tg) by the thyroid lysosomal system were studied in vivo in normal rats. By double labelling experiments, with 125I (old label) and 131I (new label), it was found that the well known preferential utilisation of newly labelled iodine by the thyroid follicles did not take place during endocytosis: the specific radioactivity (SRA = 131I/125I) was the same for the soluble Tg, luminal in origin, and the particulate Tg, lysosomal in origin. By contrast, the SRA of the total iodine content of the lysosomes was 2-15 times lower than the SRA of the soluble Tg. When the total lysosomal fraction (LT) was fractionated by size into subpopulations, with L1 less than LII less than LIII (Miquelis et al. [14]), it was found, after kinetics experiments, that SRA(LI) greater than SRA(LII) greater than SRA(LIII) for their iodine content. As observed after ultracentrifugation analysis on a discontinuous Ficoll gradient, only a small portion of the lysosomes is responsible for the difference of the SRA between LI and LT. Moreover, the LI subpopulation, significantly enriched in organelles of 0.03-0.25 micron diameter (Simon et al. [25], exhibits a higher acid phosphatase activity/beta-galactosidase activity ration than LT. It is suggested that 1) endocytosis is not preferential for newly iodinated Tg, 2) the thyroid lysosomes hydrolyse preferentially recently iodinated Tg, 3) Tg enters the cell by micropinocytosis, 4) the micropinocytotic vesicles fuse rapidly with primary lysosomes, 5) progressive release of iodinated compounds occur during the maturation of secondary lysosomes which fuse amongst themselves. PMID- 7238537 TI - Structural and functional polarity of inside-out follicles prepared from pig thyroid gland. AB - Within 24 h of suspension culture, follicle segments isolated from pig thyroid gland form closed follicular spheres. Their wall consists of a single layer of epithelial cells and is impermeable to various tracers. The structural polarity of all follicle cells is reversed: The apical plasma membrane faces the culture medium and the basal plasmalemma is directed towards the central cavity. The reversed polarity of follicles in suspension culture is retained for several days. Newly synthetized thyroglobulin does not accumulate in the central cavity but is secreted into the culture medium. After stimulation with thyrotropin thyroglobulin is internalized and transferred to lysosomes. The findings show that the reversed bidirectional transport of thyroglobulin coincides with the structural inside-out polarity of reconstituted follicles. After uptake of thyroglobulin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine are released by follicle cells and accumulate in the culture medium. The amount of thyroid hormones released depends on the concentration of thyroglobulin available for endocytosis and on the stimulation of inside-out follicles by thyrotropin. PMID- 7238538 TI - Interaction of carbachol and isoproterenol on O2 consumption and morphology of isolated acini from rat parotid gland. AB - Acini from rat parotid gland were isolated by digestion with collagenase. Oxygen consumption rates were measured after stimulation with carbachol and isoproterenol applied either simultaneously or subsequently to each other. The corresponding morphological effects were examined by electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that a) carbachol always induces increased O2 consumption rates with concomitant formation of vacuoles, b) isoproterenol stimulates exocytosis and higher O2 consumption rates only when added before carbachol and c) isoproterenol has no effect when given simultaneously with or subsequently to carbachol. PMID- 7238539 TI - Calcium receptor protein calmodulin isolated from cilia and cells of Paramecium tetraurelia. AB - A low molecular weight protein of about 17 000 as determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been isolated from cilia and cell bodies, respectively, from Paramecium tetraurelia (wildtyp 51s). This protein has been identified as calmodulin by various properties previously ascribed to calmodulin from other vertebrate and invertebrate systems. These properties are heat stability, electrophoretic mobility and its ability to activate in the presence of calcium a calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase from pig brain. Calmodulin is present in rather high amounts in cell bodies (75 micrograms/g) and also in isolated cell-free cilia (up to 50 micrograms/g). Its presence in cilia suggests a role in the control of ciliary activity. PMID- 7238540 TI - A gamma camera method for the evaluation of deep-vein thrombosis in the leg. Application of 99mTc-labelled heparin. AB - 99mTc-labelled heparin was used to examine acute deep-vein thrombosis in the leg. 99mTc-heparin (4 mCi) was injected into a dorsal foot vein. Rapid-sequence scintiphotos were taken of the lower legs and thighs. One hour after the injection, images were taken to reveal possible late accumulation of 99mTc heparin in the thrombi. The venous outflow was assessed by a strain gauge technique. X-ray phlebography was performed on the same or the subsequent day. All patients having an abnormal X-ray phlebography also had an abnormal isotope phlebography. Acute deep-vein thrombosis in the leg can be diagnosed reliably with the combined method of 99mTc-heparin scintigraphy and measurement of venous outflow. Late accumulation of 99mTc-heparin in thrombi of the deep veins was seen in 6 of 12 patients with acute thrombosis. Patients with chronic changes were difficult to evaluate, since the resolution of the scintillation camera does not allow detection of minor changes. PMID- 7238541 TI - Comparative in vivo kinetics of some new 99mTc-labelled acetanilido iminodiacetates. AB - The in vivo kinetics of five new 99mTc-labelled acetanilido iminodiacetates, analogous to 99mTc-p-butyl IDA, were studied in experimental animals by means of their distribution in mice and scintigrams of rabbits. The new compounds were specifically eliminated via the hepatobiliary system with various rates of hepatic extraction. Urinary excretion of the complexes was minimal. PMID- 7238542 TI - The physical and chemical characteristics of sulphur colloids. AB - The characteristics of sulphur colloids have been investigated using colloids labelled with 35S as well as with 99mTc. The results support a model in which technetium is incorporated in the body of the particle rather than on its surface. Elemental sulphur on the surface of the particle is susceptible to attack both by sulphide ions and by protein and other materials containing --SH groups. The ready conversion of sulphur to soluble polysulphides means that sulphur colloid particles undergo conspicuous changes in diameter, both while standing in a closed vial, and on injection into body fluids. This behaviour casts doubts on the value of routine particle-size measurement as a quality control procedure. PMID- 7238543 TI - Scintigraphic image contrast-enhancement techniques: global and local area histogram equalization. AB - This article develops two contrast-modification techniques for the display of scintigraphic images. Based on histogram-modification techniques, histogram equalization, where each level of gray is used to the same extent, gives maximum entropy. The first technique uses the application of histogram equalization in the whole image. To eliminate contrast attenuation small but important portion of the gray scale histogram, local area histogram equalization has been applied to images with differences in intensity. Both techniques were tested using a phantom with known characteristics. The global equalization technique is more suitable to bone scintigraphies, and some well-chosen boundaries improved the difference between two comparable areas. For liver scintigraphies, where intensity is quite equal in every pixel, a local area equalization was chosen that allowed detection of heterogeneous structures. The images resulting from histogram-equalization techniques improve the readability of data, but are often far from usual images and necessitate an apprenticeship for the physician. PMID- 7238544 TI - Developmental defects of the lungs. AB - Poor lung development was first noted on scintigraphy using 99mTc-phytate in 32 children. They had all been referred for a hepatosplenic scan but the initial circulatory phase of the radiopharmaceutical was also recorded as a routine procedure. In 3 patients it revealed aplasia of an entire lung; bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia was observed in 14 of 16 patients with diaphragmatic herniae. Six patients with congenital heart enlargement showed a poorly developed ipsilateral lung; 5 of 6 patients with dextrocardia without an intracardiac defect had a larger left lung compared with the right lung; both pulmonary beds appeared equal in a patient with mesocardia. PMID- 7238545 TI - Residual activity of Tc-generators. AB - Owing to contamination by long-lived radio-isotopes, the residual activity of an old 99Mo-99mTc generator may be large enough to prevent its disposal. The long lived impurities of one generator were determined by energy spectrum and half life measurements. In this generator 46Sc, 51Cr, 60 Co, 92mNb, 95Nb and 124Sb nuclides were found. Only the half-life of 60Co exceeds 3 months, thus a moderately long storage of the generator reduces the activity, and its disposal is then safe. PMID- 7238546 TI - The phenomenon of 'tired moly-99Mo'. AB - The phenomenon of 'tired moly-99Mo' results in poor yields of 99mTcO4- obtained from 99MoO4 2-. The solvated electron has been conceived to explain this phenomenon, especially when it occurs in highly alkaline media as obtained in the solvent extraction type of separation system. PMID- 7238547 TI - Hypothermia produced in aged squirrel monkeys by central administration of taurine. AB - Accidental hypothermia and heatstroke are more common in aged populations. While peripheral factors are undoubtedly important to the high incidence of dysthermia in the aged, alterations in central temperature controls associated with aging may be primarily responsible. It has been shown that the sensitivity of the hypothalamus to neurotransmitters is changed in aged animals, and it may be that similar alterations in central temperature controls underlie the increased susceptibility to dysthermia. As a first step in testing this hypothesis the responsiveness of central temperature controls of aged squirrel monkeys to taurine, a putative inhibitory neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, was tested. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of this sulfonated amino acid (0.5-4.0 mg) produced dose-related hypothermia in squirrel monkeys over nine years of age in a thermoneutral environment (23 degrees C). Younger animals had significantly smaller hypothermias. In a hot environment (30 degree C) there were no significant differences between the temperature decreases of the two age groups after any dose. However, in a cold environment (17 degrees C), in which young animals developed slightly larger hypothermias than in the thermoneutral environment, core temperature of the aged squirrel monkeys dropped so rapidly in response to even the lowest dose that they had to be removed and warmed to prevent death by hypothermia. The temperature controls of the aged squirrel monkey appear to be extremely sensitive to taurine. The findings indicate that a rise in central taurine concentration in old primates can, in a cold environment, produce an effect very much like accidental hypothermia in aged man. PMID- 7238548 TI - Alterations in daily rhythms of testosterone and progesterone in old male rats. AB - Studies were undertaken to characterize the daily patterns of secretion of testosterone (T), progesterone (P) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in young (3-4 months old) and old (19-20 months old) male Sprague-Dawley rats. In young rats, plasma T concentrations show dramatic daily variations with peak and nadir levels at 1130 and 2330 h, respectively. In old male rats, no such rhythmic pattern in plasma T was observed. Plasma P concentrations varied significantly in both young and old male rats, with peak levels occurring 8 h (1930 h) after the plasma T peak in young rats. Additionally, in old male rats, the daily increase in plasma P was significantly larger and was sustained for a longer period than in young rats. Plasma DHT concentrations were similar and changed little during the day in both young and old animals. In view of the known P influence on gonadal secretion, the possible significance of these age-related changes in daily patterns in plasma P and T are discussed. PMID- 7238549 TI - Effects of anisomycin on retention of the passive-avoidance habit as a function of age. AB - Three age groups of male Swiss albino CD-1 mice (2-3 mo, 6-7 mo, and 14-15 mo) were treated with a 120 mg/kg dose of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin or with an equal volume of saline at various times before and after training (20 min pretraining, 0, 10, 30, or 180 min posttraining) in a shock motivated passive avoidance task. Young (2-3 mo) and intermediate-aged (6-7 mo) mice treated with anisomycin before or immediately after training demonstrated impaired retention at a 7 day test, but retention was normal for mice injected 10, 30 or 180 min posttraining. The older mice (14-15 mo) showed similar results, with one exception: those older mice injected with anisomycin 10 min posttraining were significantly impaired in retention as compared to older saline controls and to identically treated young or intermediate-age mice. The prolonged gradient of retrograde amnesia demonstrated by older mice could not be accounted for by impaired acquisition, impaired short-term memory, altered spontaneous locomotor activity, or differential inhibition of brain protein synthesis. PMID- 7238550 TI - Spatial perspective-taking ability in young and elderly adults. AB - Three experiments investigated spatial perspective-taking ability in young and elderly women. The three experiments differed with regard to the method by which subjects were initially familiarized with the experimental stimuli. Subjects were required to make decisions about the correctness of each of several types of slides presented to them. The amount of time required by subjects to make their responses was also obtained. The results show a smaller age difference in accuracy of performance when individual components of the stimulus array were examined in isolation (Experiment 2) than when the array was actually previewed from the perspective-taking positions (Experiment 1). Furthermore, a combination of the two methods of familiarization (Experiment 3) did not reduce the age difference in accuracy of performance beyond that obtained by the examination of individual components alone. Age differences in reaction time for correct responses, however, steadily decreased between Experiments 1, 2, and 3. These results raise the possibility that cognitive systems associated with storing and retrieving spatial information may decline more rapidly across the adult life span than cognitive systems involved in the construction of unviewed spatial information. PMID- 7238551 TI - Effects of bizarre and interacting imagery on learning and retrieval of the aged. AB - The effects of bizarre and interacting imagery on the acquisition and retrieval of 20 paired associates (PA) were examined using 30 young and 27 (out of 38) elderly who successfully learned the PAs to criterion. Interaction imagery facilitated acquisition, especially for the elderly, but did not benefit retrieval. There was no evidence that bizarre imageries were superior than logical one in facilitating acquisition or retrieval. Furthermore, the elderly tended to resist using bizarre imagery, and both young and elderly subjects tended to use imagery that was more congruent with non-bizarre life experiences and events. PMID- 7238553 TI - On using contemporary motor theory for memory research with the aged. PMID- 7238552 TI - The effects of perceived control on the paired-associate learning of elderly persons. AB - Forty-five elderly subjects performed a modified paired-associate learning task under two conditions designed to enhance their perception of control. Subjects in enhanced control conditions chose their own response items ("choice" subjects) or were allowed to manually control response interval duration ("self-paced"). Yoked controls learned the same items selected by choice subjects, or experienced pacing conditions under which they were allowed comparable amounts of response time. The design was an incomplete 2 x 3 x 6 factorial with two types of item selection (choice vs. force), three types of pacing (self-paced, yoked item-by item, yoke by trial median time), and six trials. There was no "choice" group in the "item yoked" pacing condition. As predicted, subjects experiencing either or both of the control-enhancing conditions performed better than yoked controls. Experiencing both item choice and self-pacing did not result in performance which was significantly better than that of subjects experiencing only one or the other. Results are discussed in light of previous work with young persons, and recommendations are offered to researchers. PMID- 7238554 TI - Spatial problem solving: the response selection tendencies of young and elderly adults. PMID- 7238555 TI - The role of the autonomic nervous system in patients with sinoatrial and atrioventricular node dysfunction. PMID- 7238557 TI - The exponential rate of fiber shortening. A new angiographic measure of left ventricular contractility in man. PMID- 7238556 TI - Clinicopathologic assessment of arrhythmias in a case of scleroderma heart disease with sudden death. AB - Electrophysiologic and histopathologic correlation has been carried out in a patient with scleroderma heart disease, affected by syncopal seizures, who died of recorded ventricular fibrillation. The electrophysiological investigation disclosed dysfunction of sinoatrial conduction, revealed by sinoatrial blocks and by an abnormal return cycle pattern after premature atrial beats. Atrial effective and functional refractory periods were increased and an unusual 'pseudo Wenckebach' phenomenon between artificial stimulus and atrium was observed during atrial pacing. Intra-AV nodal conduction time was at normal upper limits and Wenckebach-type AV block was obtained on pacing the atrium at 100 beats/min. HV conduction was moderately prolonged in the presence of left anterior hemiblock. The histopathologic substrates of these electrophysiologic disturbances were fibrosis of the sinus node, disrupted internodal pathways and atrio-AV nodal connections, and left bundle branch atrophy. As far as fatal tachyarrhythmia is concerned, myofibrillar degeneration may have contributed to its pathogenesis. It is suggested that both lesions of the ordinary myocardium and specialized conduction system account for the electrical instability of sclerodermic patients. PMID- 7238558 TI - Character of mitral valve flow in left atrial tumor. AB - The pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) was used to evaluate the character of mitral valve flow in a large atrial tumor. The tumor obstructed the mitral orifice during diastole. PDE findings, however, showed normal triphasic diastolic flow within the actual mitral orifice and no changes typical for mitral stenosis. The same turbulence pattern as in mitral stenosis was detected in the left ventricle. In addition, PDE revealed the presence of mild mitral regurgitation in agreement with angiography. PMID- 7238559 TI - A model for the generation of spontaneous yet predictable ventricular arrhythmias. AB - Development of an experimental preparation aided to investigate arrhythmogenic and antiarrhythmogenic factors influencing incidence of spontaneous and yet predictable ventricular arrhythmias is described. Using the isolated perfused guinea-pig heart and a system for quantitating rhythm disturbances based on computer-aided statistical analysis of beat-to-beat intervals, a number of factors influencing the incidence of rhythm disturbances were investigated. Manipulation of perfusate composition revealed that, after 'moderate' ischaemia, reperfusion arrhythmias were increased in the presence of noradrenaline and non glucose fuels. Free fatty acids, unless in the presence of catecholamines, were not particularly arrhythmogenic. In contrast, the presence of pyruvate or lactate, endproduct inhibitors of glycolysis, significantly increased incidence of reflow rhythm disturbances. The dose-dependent arrhythmogenic effects of pyruvate and anti-arrhythmogenic effects of glucose support the thesis that inadequate glycolytic flux could be important in the development of arrhythmias. PMID- 7238560 TI - Haemodynamic dose-response effects of i.v. metoprolol in coronary heart disease. AB - The haemodynamic effects of intravenous metoprolol, over the dose-range 2.5--20 mg, were studied in 12 patients with coronary heart disease. The pharmacodynamic activity of the drug was confirmed by the suppression of exercise systolic pressure and tachycardia. There were statistically significant dose-response reductions in systolic and diastolic pressures, heart rate and cardiac output together with a dose-related increase in pulmonary wedge pressure. In patients with coronary heart disease intravenous metoprolol should probably not exceed the doses used in this study and should be administered with caution in patients with impairment of pumping function. PMID- 7238561 TI - Plasma propranolol steady state concentrations in thyroid disorders. AB - Plasma propranolol steady-state concentrations (Css) were measured in 24 hyperthyroid and 6 hypothyroid patients before and after correction of the thyroid disorder. Following treatment of hyperthyroidism by surgery, antithyroid drugs or radioiodine, there was a significant rise in the plasma propranolol Css in patients receiving propranolol either 160 mg/day, 240 mg/day, or 480 mg/day. In addition, in five patients the area under the plasma propranolol concentration versus time curve during a dosing interval increased significantly from 405 ng/ml/h when hyperthyroid to 778 ng/ml/h when euthyroid. In the hypothyroid patients given propranolol 160 mg/day concomitantly with 1-thyroxine therapy the plasma propranolol Css fell significantly when euthyroid. There was a small but significant increase in the degree of plasma protein binding of propranolol, following treatment of hyperthyroidism and a significant decrease following correction of hypothyroidism. It is concluded that thyroid disorders markedly influence propranolol handling. PMID- 7238562 TI - Influence of phenobarbital treatment on cimetidine kinetics. AB - The pharmacokinetics of orally administered cimetidine was studied in 8 healthy subjects before and after 3 weeks of treatment with phenobarbital 100 mg daily, and in a separate study 4 subjects received cimetidine intravenously before and after the administration of phenobarbital. There was no change in the volume of distribution, but total plasma clearance was increased by a mean of 18%, mainly due to a 37% increase of nonrenal clearance. Renal clearance and half-life were not significantly altered. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve after oral administration was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced by a mean of 15% after phenobarbital treatment. The amount of cimetidine excreted in urine and its sulphoxide metabolite were significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced, on average by 34% and 26%, respectively by phenobarbital treatment. The data indicate that an apparent 20% reduction in the absorption of cimetidine was due to induction of gastrointestinal metabolism of cimetidine, with some contribution also from hepatic metabolism. Reduced absorption per se could not be totally excluded. Although the magnitude of the change was small, the finding of an 11% decrease in the time to achieve an effective plasma level of cimetidine after phenobarbital treatment may contribute to the ineffectiveness of cimetidine in certain patients. PMID- 7238563 TI - Increase in lipolysis and decrease in plasma-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity and alpha 1 lipoprotein level after aminophylline in man. AB - Intravenous aminophylline 0.48 g produced a sharp increase in plasma free fatty acids. After three days of treatment with aminophylline 0.96 g/day i.v., plasma post-heparin lipoprotein lipase was significantly reduced, and post-heparin hepatic triglyceridase remained unchanged. alpha 1 lipoprotein was reduced by treatment, in parallel with lipoprotein lipase, while other lipoprotein fractions, serum cholesterol and triglycerides were unaffected. PMID- 7238564 TI - Human pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid, a new anti-inflammatory agent. AB - The pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid, a new anti-inflammatory agent was studied in six healthy volunteers after an intravenous dose of 100 mg and oral doses of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg. The disposition of intravenous tolfenamic acid could be described by two-compartment open model, with a central compartment volume (Vdc) of 5.6 +/- 0.31 (mean +/- SE), volume during beta-phase (Vd beta) of 31 +/- 21, and a total elimination rate constant (k 10) 1.6 +/- 0.1 h-1. The terminal elimination half-life was 2.5 +/- 0.6 h and the total plasma clearance 155 +/- 15 ml/min. The elimination occurred principally by extrarenal mechanisms, the recovery of unchanged drug together with is glucuronide in urine averaging only 8.8% of the intravenous dose. The binding of tolfenamic acid to plasma proteins averaged 99.7%. The gastrointestinal absorption had a mean half-life of 1.7 +/- 0.1 h. Based on comparison of areas under the plasma concentration time curves after intravenous and oral administration, the biovailability of tolfenamic acid capsules averaged 60%. The rate and extent of absorption and the rate of elimination of tolfenamic acid were independent of dose. PMID- 7238565 TI - Influence of the route of administration on the pharmacokinetics of amikacin. AB - The pharmacokinetics of amikacin was studied in 17 hospitalized patients with normal renal function (creatinine clearance greater than 90 ml/min), after the administration of a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg body weight. In 10 patients the antibiotic was administered intravenously and in the other 7 it was injected intramuscularly. After i.v. administration, the antibiotic followed an open two compartment kinetic model, and after i.m. administration it followed a single compartment kinetic model. The route of administration did not significantly modify the pharmacokinetic parameters of amikacin. On the basis of the pharmacokinetic parameters thus established, an intravenous infusion for therapeutic use should have an administration rate of 2.5 [mg/kg/h] and a duration of 6 h. PMID- 7238567 TI - Tolerogenic or immunogenic activity of hapten-conjugated polysaccharides correlated with cellular localization. AB - Dinitrophenylated (DNP) conjugates of Ficoll, hydroxyethyl starch, levan, dextran, type 3 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide SIII, pectin, alginic and hyaluronic acid at various epitope densities were tested for their capacity to inhibit secondary IgG anti-DNP antibody responses using an in vivo transfer system. Some aminobenzylarsonate conjugates were examined similarly. Conjugates of the acidic polysaccharides were markedly more effective than those of uncharged polysaccharides. Conjugated with high epitope densities were particularly tolerogenic. DNP conjugates of Ficoll and hydroxyethyl starch elicited prolonged IgM responses over a wide dose range, and there are indications in the literature that conjugates of dextran do likewise. All the polysaccharide conjugates, labeled with radioiodine, persisted in the body for long periods (half-lives 8.5--63 days), and all were cleared rapidly from, but remained detectable in the blood for many days. Gross tissue distributions varied markedly from one conjugate to another, and autoradiography revealed unexpected differences in cellular localization. Despite substantial retention in the liver, some uncharged polysaccharides were localized only in parenchymal and not in Kupffer cells. In the spleen, only the acidic polysaccharides were predominantly localized in red pulp macrophages, and the neural polysaccharides were detectable exclusively, and in the case of Ficoll, hydroxyethyl starch and some dextrans very intensely in macrophages of the marginal zone of the white pulp. It is suggested that retention of thymus-independent antigens in marginal-zone macrophages favors, whereas trapping in red-pulp macrophages diminishes immunogenicity, and that tolerogenic effectiveness depends upon a balance between tolerization of B cells by free antigen and stimulation by antigen presented by marginal-zone macrophages. The distinction between functionally different macrophages in the spleen is elaborated in the following report. PMID- 7238566 TI - Development of a model for integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of intravenous anaesthetic agents: applications to minaxolone. PMID- 7238568 TI - Enzymatic oxidation of polyamines. Relationship to immunosuppressive properties. AB - A method for the detection of spermine oxidase activity was developed using the amino acid analyzer to follow the changes in composition of incubation mixture of spermine or spermidine. Spermine oxidase activity could be detected in fetal calf serum (FCS), and six major spermine oxidation products were revealed in the incubation mixture. Incubation of spermine or spermidine with FCS produced oxidation products which suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced mitogenesis and the murine mixed lymphocyte reaction. Oxidation was inhibited by the spermine oxidase inhibitors hydroxylamine and isonicotinic acid hydrazide, and inhibition of the immune response was no longer evident suggesting that the inhibitory material was a product of the action of the enzyme on spermic and spermidine. When FCS was used as the source of the spermine oxidase, some suppression via a cytotoxic effect could not be excluded. Mouse amniotic fluid was found to contain high levels of a spermine oxidase having a somewhat different specificity than that in FCS, and this enzyme produced a noncytotoxic immune inhibitor from cadaverine, spermidine and spermine. These data raise questions concerning the role polyamine oxidation products may play in the immunosuppression associated with pregnancy and in the generation of nonantigen-specific suppressors by cells cultured in FCS or other media containing polyamine oxidase activity. PMID- 7238569 TI - The effect of harmaline and related beta-carbolines on the acetylcholine stimulated contractions of guinea-pig ileum. AB - Five members of the Harmala family of alkaloids, four commercially available and one synthetic homologue, were tested for their actions on the acetylcholine elicited contractions of the guinea-pig ileum. Under normal Tyrode conditions over comparable concentration ranges harmalol was without effect, harmaline and harmine exhibited competitive-noncompetitive inhibition whilst the related 2 methylated derivatives effected purely competitive antagonism. Binding studies using [3H]QNB have further confirmed the competitive aspect of this antagonism. The competitive-noncompetitive inhibitory property of harmaline on smooth muscle muscarinic receptors has not been previously reported. Harmaline is known to compete with Na+ binding sites and significantly complete substitution of Na+ by K+ in the Tyrode medium was found to abolish the noncompetitive component of harmaline inhibition. Explanations are offered for both the competitive and noncompetitive components of the inhibition produced by the Harmala alkaloids. PMID- 7238570 TI - The effect of extracellular sodium ion concentration on the action of opiates to inhibit potassium-evoked release of [3H]noradrenaline from the mouse vas deferens. AB - Opiates depress the potassium-induced efflux of [3H]noradrenaline from the mouse vas deferens in a concentration-dependent (the IC50 for normorphine was 1.5 microM), stereospecific and naloxone-reversible manner. As the concentration of sodium in the extracellular fluid was reduced, the inhibitory action of opiates was also reduced. This attenuation of opiate action is the converse of that predicted by the 'sodium-shift' observed in opiate binding studies in which lowering the sodium concentration potentiates opiate agonist binding. The relevance of sodium to the pharmacological actions of opiates is discussed. PMID- 7238571 TI - Tolerance during chronic benzodiazepine treatment associated with decreased receptor binding. AB - Studies were performed to evaluate the time course and possible significance of changes in specific benzodiazepine binding that occur chronic treatment. Rats were offered flurazepam in a saccharin solution as their only fluid supply. Each rats consumed 100-150 mg/kg daily. Such treatment produced no change in the binding constant (KD) of specific [3H]flunitrazepam binding. Maximal binding capacity (Bmax) was reduced by about 20% after 4 or 8 weeks of treatment, but not by 2 weeks or less. Bmax returned to control within 24 h after the end of chronic treatment. Rats were tested for susceptibility to flurazepam by injecting 20-200 mg/kg i.p., and assessing locomotor impairment. Dose-response analysis showed tolerance only after treatments and at times when Bmax was reduced. The results suggest that the reduced Bmax is an adaptive change in response to chronic benzodiazepine treatment, and that the mechanism for tolerance is a reduction of receptors. PMID- 7238572 TI - The effect of p-bromomethamphetamine (V-111) on sleep on the rat. AB - p-Bromomethamphetamine (V-111) was given as a single dose to one group of rats and for 28 days to another group and its influence was studied on the sleep walking cycle. In a third group of rats the midbrain raphe nuclei was lesioned before administration of the drug. A single dose of 15 mg/kg s.c. V-111 produced total insomnia, the SWS returned 15-16 h, REM sleep 21-22 h after the injection. When the drug was given repeatedly the periods of insomnia were gradually shortened. At the end of third week the SWS returned in daytime after 3 h, at night after 6 h, REM sleep after 6 h and 8 h respectively. The destruction of the midbrain raphe nuclei failed to influence either the spontaneous sleep patterns or the insomnia elicited by V-111. In physiological conditions the integrity of 5 HT system is necessary for the regulation of sleep-waking cycle. After reduction of brain 5-HT, insomnia developed but the sleep-waking cycle could be restored while the brain 5-HT was decreased. The restored sleep mechanisms seem to be 5-HT dependent also. PMID- 7238573 TI - On the specificity of a cat behavior model for the study of hallucinogens. AB - LSD is the prototype for a cat behavior model for the study of hallucinogens. The model's specificity was tested with the nonhallucinogen methysergide, a d lysergic acid amide derivative structurally similar to LSD. The frequencies of occurrence of the model behaviors limb flicking, grooming, and head plus body shaking show statistically significant dose dependency after i.p. methysergide (62.5-1000 micrograms/kg), and the maximum frequencies of the methysergide elicited behaviors occur between 1-3 h post-dose. Methysergide produces statistically significant tolerance to limb flicking and grooming 24 h following an acute dose, and there is statistically significant methysergide-LSD and LSD methysergide cross tolerance to limb flicking at 24 h. In addition, pretreatment with methysergide 15 min before LSD or lisuride antagonizes their elicitation of model behaviors. The dose-response, time course, and tolerance results with methysergide are analogous to those observed after LSD, showing that methysergide has all of the key properties of the model's prototype and, therefore, that the cat behavior model is not specific for hallucinogens. PMID- 7238574 TI - [3H]doxepin interactions with histamine H1-receptors and other sites in guinea pig and rat brain homogenates. AB - [3H]Doxepin, a tricyclic antidepressant, binds to brain homogenates with two saturable components. The high affinity component, with a dissociation constant (KD) of 0.26 nM, is associated with histamine H1-receptors. This high affinity binding shows stereospecificity in that d-chlorpheniramine is 100 times more potent than the pharmacologically less active l-isomer. Its drug specificity and regional variation closely parallel those exhibited by [3H]mepyramine binding. The drug specificity of the low affinity component is distinct from that of histamine H1-receptors, with no stereospecificity for chlorpheniramine isomers. Furthermore, all the H1-histamine antagonists tested display micromolar potency at the low-affinity doxepin sites but nanomolar potency at the high-affinity doxepin sites associated with a physiological histamine H1-receptor. The drug specificity of the low affinity site does not correspond to that of any known neurotransmitter receptor. Tricyclic antidepressants display IC50 values of 30 600 nM for the inhibition of [3H]doxepin binding to the low-affinity component with most values in the 0.1-0.3 microM affinity range. PMID- 7238575 TI - Effects of very low versus standard dose acetyl salicylic acid, dipyridamole and sulfinpyrazone on platelet function and thromboxane formation in man. AB - The effects of three conventional antiplatelet regimes, dipyridamole 3 X 75 mg/day (D), sulfinpyrazone 4 X 200 mg/day (S), acetylsalicylic acid 3 X 330 mg/day combined with dipyridamole 3 X 75 mg/day (ASA + D), and very low dose acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg/day (ASA) on platelet function were studied in man following 4 days of treatment. D and S slightly increased mean minimal ADP concentration for irreversible aggregation (n.s.), S reduced aggregation and thromboxane (TXB2) formation on low dose collagen (2P less than or equal to 0.05), ASA and ASA + D increased platelet count (2P less than or equal to 0.05), increased bleeding time (n.s. for ASA, 2P less than or equal to 0.05 for ASA + D), abolished irreversible aggregation on ADP, suppressed TXB2 formation on all (2P less than or equal to 0.001) and aggregation on lower concentrations of collagen (2P less than or equal to 0.01) and abolished aggregation and TXB2 formation on arachidonic acid (2P less than or equal to 0.001). Very low dose ASA suppresses platelet aggregation and TXB2 formation on several stimuli of possible physiologic significance. In the light of a recently proposed critical balance of vascular antiaggregatory prostacyclin and platelet proaggregatory TXA2 very low dose ASA might offer advantages over conventional dosage of ASA and should be evaluated in thromboembolic disorders. PMID- 7238577 TI - Properties and distribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rat striatal micropunched tissue homogenates. AB - The properties of muscarinic receptors in rat striatal micropunched tissue homogenates were studied with a binding technique using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) as ligand. Among the agonists, oxotremorine was the most potent inhibitor (ID50 value, 2.20 X 10(-5) M), followed by pilocarpine, acetylcholine, carbachol and bethanechol. No marked differences were found between the binding properties of QNB in the micropunched tissue homogenates and membrane fractions. Therefore, the detailed distribution of muscarinic receptors in the striatum was examined using the micropunched tissue homogenates. High levels of QNB binding in the striatum were found at dorso-lateral sites and low levels in the center regions of the striatum. The technique presented here for studying small regions of the striatum should be useful in further studies of the function of cholinergic neurons. PMID- 7238576 TI - Effect of stretching on the sensitivity of the guinea pig ileum to bradykinin and on its modification by bradykinin potentiating peptides. AB - The sensitivity of the guinea pig isolated ileum to bradykinin, but not to other agonists, was increased ca. 2-fold during the 3-4 h following mounting of the preparation under 1 g load. Concomitantly, a decrease was observed in the bradykinin potentiating effect of BPP9a, and of potentiator B but not potentiator C. This decrease was observed only with analogues of BPP9a or potentiator B which retained one or both of the basic amino acid residues in these peptides. Similar stretching of the rat isolated uterus did not affect bradykinin sensitivity or the potency of bradykinin potentiating peptides. Kininase activity of the ileum significantly increased during the 4 h period after mounting of the loaded preparation, but was not affected by treatment with BPP9a. It is proposed that bradykinin sensitivity is favoured by the changes in sodium and potassium transport in the cell membrane caused by stretching of the ileum, and that a similar mechanism may be partly responsible for the action of bradykinin potentiating peptides. PMID- 7238578 TI - Biochemical mechanism of tolerance to neuroleptic drugs; regional differences in rat brain. PMID- 7238579 TI - 'High affinity' binding of [3H]desipramine to rat cerebral cortex: relationship to tricyclic antidepressant-induced inhibition of norepinephrine uptake. PMID- 7238581 TI - Rapid-eye-movement sleep deprivation inhibits clonidine-induced sedation in rats. AB - The effects of 24 and 48 h of rapid-eye-movement sleep deprivation (REMD) on clonidine-induced sedation and [3H]clonidine binding to cortical membranes were studied in rats. REMD did not affect the exploratory behaviour (ambulation, rearing + peeping) of normal rats. The sedative effect of clonidine (0.2 mg/kg s.c.) on the rearing + peeping behaviour of rats was inhibited by REMD. [3H]Clonidine binding in the cerebral frontal cortex remained unaffected. The results are discussed in terms of changes in the noradrenergic system. PMID- 7238582 TI - The action of morphine and naloxone on acid secretion by the rat isolated stomach. AB - The action of morphine and naloxone on acid secretion by the rat isolated stomach has been studied. Morphine (10(-7) to 10(-4) M) had no effect upon spontaneous acid secretion. Morphine (10(-6) M) did not modify the acid output in response to sub-maximal stimulation by pentagastrin, histamine, bethanechol or isoprenaline. Naloxone (10(-6) M) was without effect on the response to pentagastrin or histamine. Our results suggest that opiate receptors do not modify acid secretion in this preparation. PMID- 7238580 TI - A comparison of the anticonvulsant effects of two systemically active enkephalin analogues in rats. AB - FK-33,824 (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Met(O)-ol) and metkephamid (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe N(Me)Met-CONH2; LY 127623) are two parenterally active synthetic analogues of the endogenous morphinomimetic pentapeptide, [Met5]-enkephalin. Acute s.c. administration of each analogue raised the seizure threshold in a dose-related manner in rats challenged with flurothyl, a volatile convulsant. The anticonvulsant action was antagonized by a low dose of naloxone (0.10 mg/kg s.c.). FK-33,824 and metkephamid can therefore be classified with typical mu receptor agonists such as morphine and etorphine in this procedure. PMID- 7238583 TI - D2- but not D3-dopamine receptors detected in the anterior pituitary. AB - Using conditions which revealed high affinity binding sites for [3H]ADTN (KD of 1.6 nM), [3H]apomorphine (DK of 3.5 nM) and [3H]dopamine (KD of 1,5 nM) in the calf caudate nucleus, no such high affinity sites could be detected in the calf anterior pituitary gland. In contrast, high affinity binding sites for [3H] spiperone were found in both the caudate and the anterior pituitary. The apparent absence of high affinity sites for these [3H]-catecholamine ligands (in the 1-10 nM region) and the presence of the [3H]spiperone binding site in the anterior pituitary is compatible with the view that the pituitary [3H]neuroleptic receptor with its low affinity for dopamine, may be the physiological site of dopamine action in the pituitary. THe data, therefore, support the presence of D2- but not D3-dopamine receptor sites in the calf anterior pituitary. PMID- 7238584 TI - Role of prostaglandins in the antimyoclonic action of clonazepam. AB - Possible involvement of prostaglandins (PG) in the antimyoclonic action of clonazepam was examined in the p,p'-DDT-animal model of myoclonus. PG synthesis inhibitors and the PG antagonist polyphloretin phosphate (PPP) counteracted the antimyoclonic action of clonazepam in mice. PGE2 reduced DDT-induced myoclonus; this effect was blocked by PPP. Another antimyoclonic drug combination, L-5 hydroxytryptophan plus chlorimipramine, was not blocked by PPP or indomethacin. The antimyoclonic action of clonazepam may be mediated by enhancement of PG synthesis. PMID- 7238586 TI - Possible role of prolactin in the modification of medial basal hypothalamic glutamic acid decarboxylase activity. AB - The effects of acute and chronic injections of haloperidol, sulpiride and apomorphine on serum prolactin (PRL) levels and medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity were investigated in male rats. Parallel changes in PRL and GAD activity were observed in acutely treated animals. Conversely, a return to normal of the GAD activity associated with high plasma PRL levels was induced by chronic haloperidol and sulpiride treatment. Results are discussed in the light of the possible existence of a hypothetical PRL-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) subsidiary feedback loop. PMID- 7238585 TI - Secoverine selectively antagonizes muscarinic effects in various in vivo preparations. AB - Time-activity studies of secoverine and atropine were made with respect to mydriasis and oxotremorine-induced salivation, lacrimation and tremors. Marked differences were found in the anticholinergic activity relation between secoverine and atropine for various tissues. These differences remained present at all time intervals, which excludes a pharmacokinetic explanation. It may be concluded that secoverine possesses a different affinity for various muscarinic receptors. PMID- 7238588 TI - Effects of anesthetics on piperidine levels in mouse brain. AB - Piperidine is one of the biogenic amines possessing potent pharmacological activity. Recent interest has focused on its possible role as an endogenous hypnogenic substance. Using a mass fragmentographic technique with deuterium labelled piperidine as an internal standard, piperidine concentrations in brains of waking and deeply anesthetized mice were analyzed to compare piperidine levels in the brain under distinctly different states of consciousness. A rapid and significant increase in piperidine concentrations was found in the brain but not in blood of mice anesthetized with any one of pentobarbital, urethane, ether and halothane. The results, showing that CNS depression is accompanied by accumulation of piperidine in the brain, are consistent with the idea that piperidine may have a close connection with the mechanisms controlling the level of consciousness. PMID- 7238587 TI - Cholinergic effect of 4-aminopyridine and adrenergic effect of 4-methyl-2 aminopyridine in cardiac muscle. AB - The effect of 4-aminopyridine (4AP) and 4-methyl-2-aminopyridine (4M2AP), 10(-3) M, was studied on isolated spontaneously beating right atria and electrically driven left atria of the rabbit and the cat. In the rabbit preparations, 4AP had a positive inotropic effect which was unaffected by propranolol or atropine, and a negative chronotropic effect which was abolished by atropine. In the cat, 4AP decreased both force and rate, and these effects were reversed when 4AP was repeated in the presence of atropine. In contrast, 4M2AP increased the rate and force of contraction in both species. These effects were reduced but not abolished when 4M2AP was repeated in the presence of propranolol. It is concluded that 4AP has a cholinergic effect presumably mediated by acetylcholine release which predominates over its direct positive inotropic effect in the rabbit but not in the cat, and which is responsible for its effect on rate in both species. 4M2AP also has a direct positive inotropic action, but its marked effects on force and rate of contraction are largely due to noradrenaline release. The selectivity of 4AP for cholinergic and 4M2AP for noradrenergic transmission suggests that there are differences in potassium channels or in calcium uptake or release mechanisms in the respective nerve terminals. PMID- 7238590 TI - Collagen types synthesized by isolated calvarium cells. PMID- 7238589 TI - The effect of harmaline and related harmala alkaloids on ouabain-stimulated contractions of the guinea-pig ileum. AB - Harmaline, harmine, 2-methylharmine and harmolol, members of the harmala family of alkaloids were tested for their action on ouabain-elicited contractions of the guinea-pig ileum. All four alkaloids were found to relax tissue previously contracted by ouabain, but they differed in their potency and reversibility. Harmaline was equipotent with harmine but more easily reversible. 2-Methylharmine and harmolol were found to be less potent and readily reversible. It is evident that the inhibition mediated by harmaline occurs at a site other than that which ouabain binds. Ca-free Tyrode caused relaxation of tissue contracted by ouabain. This effect was partially reversed in the presence of normal Tyrode solution. In presence of high K the response to ouabain was almost abolished. Harmaline inhibited Ca-induced contractions in a non-competitive manner while neither 2 methylharmine nor harmalol had any effect. In the discussion the action of harmala alkaloids is shown to be directly related with CA ion movements. PMID- 7238591 TI - Phagokinetic properties of human mononuclear phagocyte cell cultures. PMID- 7238592 TI - Creeping locomotion of the endodermal cells dissociated from gastrulae of the Japanese newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. PMID- 7238593 TI - Primary culture of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells in a chemically defined medium. PMID- 7238595 TI - Transport and processing of lysosomal enzymes by smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. PMID- 7238596 TI - The mechanisms of the action of DMSO on the heme synthesis of quail embryo yolk sac cells. PMID- 7238594 TI - The comparison of Golgi subfractions isolated from mitochondrial fraction with those from microsomal fraction. PMID- 7238597 TI - Evolution of fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) during the labelling of living cells. PMID- 7238598 TI - Butyrate-treated chick embryo myoblasts synthesize new proteins. PMID- 7238599 TI - Effects of cytochalasin B and local anesthetics on electrical and morphological properties in L cells. PMID- 7238600 TI - Role of fibronectin in collagenous matrix-induced mesenchymal cell proliferation and differentiation in vivo. PMID- 7238601 TI - Evidence for the derivation of mammalian somatic hybrids from polykaryocytes. PMID- 7238602 TI - Cellular fibronectin promotes adrenergic differentiation of quail neural crest cells in vitro. PMID- 7238603 TI - Alterations in gene expression induced by a specific cell interaction during mating in Tetrahymena thermophila. PMID- 7238604 TI - Protein synthesis patterns in conjugating Tetrahymena thermophila. PMID- 7238605 TI - Synthesis and role of cell surface glycoproteins in preimplantation mouse development. PMID- 7238606 TI - Late replication patterns in adult and embryonic mice carrying Searle's X autosome translocation. PMID- 7238607 TI - Isolation of synaptonemal complexes from hamster spermatocytes. PMID- 7238608 TI - Cell surface-associated growth inhibitory proteins. PMID- 7238609 TI - Inhibition of autophagic vacuole formation and protein degradation by amino acids in isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 7238610 TI - Locomotory characteristics of human lymphocytes undergoing negative chemotaxis to oral carcinomas. PMID- 7238611 TI - Translocation of glucocorticoid receptor from the cytoplasm into the nucleus of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes in the absence of the hormone. PMID- 7238612 TI - Amino acid pools in mitotic and interphase HeLa cells. PMID- 7238613 TI - The submaxillary salivary glands of the African rodent Praomys (mastomys) natalensis as the richest available source of the nerve growth factor. PMID- 7238614 TI - Chemical determination of cationized ferritin bound to synaptosomes. PMID- 7238615 TI - Comparative studies of glucose metabolism in corneas of the dogfish shark, longhorn sculpin and rainbow trout. PMID- 7238617 TI - Lens volume regulation in hypertonic medium. PMID- 7238616 TI - The effect of colchicine on aqueous humor dynamics. PMID- 7238618 TI - Wound healing in the mouse lens. PMID- 7238619 TI - Synthesis of cyclooxygenase products by human anterior uvea from cyclic prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH2). PMID- 7238621 TI - Phenotypic variation of cataractogenesis in the Nakano mouse. PMID- 7238620 TI - Delta-crystallin synthesis by the adult chicken lens. PMID- 7238622 TI - Estimation of retinal oxygen transients from measurements made in the vitreous humor. PMID- 7238623 TI - Studies on soluble proteins of vitreous in experimental animals. PMID- 7238624 TI - Degeneration of nerve terminals in cats following systemic epinephrine: depletion of tissue norepinephrine correlated with ultrastructural changes. PMID- 7238625 TI - Lectin-mediated binding of liposomes to the ocular lens. PMID- 7238626 TI - Intraocular pressure of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). II.Juvenile ocular hypertension and its apparent relationship to ocular growth. PMID- 7238627 TI - Biosynthesis of proteoglycans and hyaluronate in rabbit corneal fibroblast cultures. Variation with age of the cell line and effect of foetal calf serum. PMID- 7238629 TI - The radioautographical localization in the vertebrate retina of [3H]-(+ or -)-cis aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid (ACHC); a selective inhibitor of neuronal GABA transport. PMID- 7238628 TI - Biosynthesis of proteoglycans and hyaluronate in human fibroblast cultures established from normal and pathological corneas. PMID- 7238630 TI - Photodynamic effects of rose bengal or riboflavin on carrier-mediated transport systems in rat lens. PMID- 7238631 TI - Comparison of the eye lens proteins from embryonic and adult spiny dogfish(Squalus acanthias). PMID- 7238632 TI - Partial purification and certain properties of ornithine ketoacid aminotransferases in the ciliary body and iris and the retinal pigment epithelium of the bovine eye. PMID- 7238634 TI - Environmental control of the rearing conditions and early preglaucomatous lesions in chicks. PMID- 7238633 TI - Lens membranes XIII. Comparative study of biochemical characteristics of the fiber membrane polypeptides from bovine, pig, sheep and chicken lenses. PMID- 7238635 TI - Glucose transport into the ocular compartments of the rat. PMID- 7238636 TI - Low retinal dopamine and serum prolactin levels indicate an inherited dopaminergic abnormality in BW rats. PMID- 7238637 TI - In vitro characteristics of normal and cataractous mouse lens epithelial cells. PMID- 7238638 TI - Experimental animal study of the effects of intraocular pressure and systemic blood pressure on optic pathway action potentials. PMID- 7238639 TI - Effect of ion substitution and ouabain on short circuit current in the isolated human and rabbit lens. PMID- 7238640 TI - Effects of pilocarpine and paracentesis on occluding junctions between the nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells. PMID- 7238641 TI - Electron microscopic studies on celestial goldfish retina-a possible new type of retinal degeneration in experimental animals. PMID- 7238643 TI - A micromethod to culture granulocyte colonies from human bone marrow in agar containing glass capillaries. AB - A micromethod was developed to grow granulocytic colonies from human bone marrow in agar-containing glass capillary tubes. Treatment of the bone marrow samples and the culture conditions (type and quantity of serum, CSF, cell seeding density) were optimized. Up to 60 colonies were obtained from 3.5 x 10(4) nucleated cells seeded into 50 microliter of total incubation medium/capillary with horse serum (13%) and leukocyte and partially purified bovine lung conditioned medium as CSF (17 and 3%, respectively). The micromethod requires less culture materials (about 1/20), cells, CSF and less time for colony counting, but higher cell densities for seeding, resulting in an increased sensitivity for drug or factor testing. Colony morphology can be easily examined. The micromethod offers further advantages, e.g. quantitation by light scattering densitometry, and hence seems suitable for clinical investigations. PMID- 7238642 TI - Antitheta immunization affects hemopoietic colony growth in a theta-incompatible mouse system. AB - Seeking a system with which to study the antitheta-sensitive regulatory cell (TSRC), other than the W/Wv anemic mouse, we tested a model which utilizes mouse strains differing almost exclusively in theta allotype. AKR/FuRd Thy 1.1 mice were immunized against CBA Thy 1.2 mouse thymocytes to produce antibody. The immunized mice were lethally irradiated and grafted with marrow cells from AKR/Cum Thy 1.2 mice. It was reasoned that in this situation antitheta-sensitive cells present in or produced by the graft will be destroyed, while theta incompatible host cells may not be as capable of collaboration with the graft stem cells as are the graft's theta-compatible cells. Anti-Thy 1.2 immunization did not influence the number of spleen colonies formed by marrow from Thy 1.2 mice; but the colonies formed, especially the erythropoietic colonies, were reduced in size. Also, both the relative and absolute frequencies of erythropoietic colonies were decreased, while those of granulopoietic colonies were increased. Therefore, the destruction of antitheta-sensitive cells in this system resulted in decreased effectiveness of spleen colony growth and altered the differentiation pattern of colony-forming cells. These effects were not observed in control groups immunized with CBA tissues not bearing the Thy 1.2 antigen. This study further stresses the importance of the theta antigen in hemopoietic differentiation and may provide an alternative in vivo model for studying the TSRC. PMID- 7238644 TI - Prevention of platelet refractoriness due to HLA antibodies by administration of leukocyte-poor blood components. AB - From January 1972 to July 1974, 28 patients with bone marrow depression due to aplastic anemia or cytostatic treatment, were transfused with packed cells and platelet concentrates, both containing 10-20% of the amount of leukocytes present in whole blood. Of these patients, 26 (93%) became refractory to random platelets. Since July 1974, 68 patients have been given red cells filtered through cotton-wool, a procedure which removes over 97% of the leukocytes, and leukocyte-poor platelet suspensions obtained by an additional centrifugation step. Of this latter group, 16 patients (24%) became refractory. Fifty-two recipients were non-refractory to random platelet transfusions after an exposure time of at least 6 weeks and maximally 32 weeks. A possible explanation is that platelets are less immunogenic than leukocytes; on the other hand platelets may not be immunogenic at all with regard to induction of HLA antibodies, and the occurrence of the immunization is purely the result of the contamination with leukocytes in the red cell and platelet preparations. PMID- 7238646 TI - Studies on graft versus host (GvH) reactions. I. Impairment of hemopoietic stroma in mice suffering from GvH disease. AB - The hematologic changes were described in the adult (C57BL/6 x C3H/He) F1 hybrid mice suffering from graft versus host (GvH) disease induced with 10(8) parental (C3H/He) lymph node (PLN) cells. Progressive decreased in numbers of leucocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes and reticulocytes was observed from day 7 to 14 of GvH disease. Thrombocytopenia was not so remarkable. A histologic study revealed and extremely hypoplastic marrow. The number of colony forming units (CFUs)/femur decreased progressively from day 5 to 14. When the femurs, removed from the diseased mice at various intervals after the PLN cell injection, were implanted subcutaneously into other hosts for 7 weeks in order to evaluate the hemopoietic stroma to support the hemopoietic stem cells, the progressive decrease in CFUs number in the implanted femurs was also observed from day 5 to 14. There was a dose relation between the number of PLN cells injected and the reduction of CFUs number either in the femurs in situ or the implanted femurs. It is thus concluded that the impairment of hemopoietic stroma results form F1 hybrid disease, i.e., GvH disease and can be one of the major causes of the depletion of hemopoietic cells resulting in pancytopenia. PMID- 7238645 TI - Alloimmunization against the MHC antigens after platelet transfusions is due to contaminating leukocytes in the platelet suspension. AB - Repeated platelet transfusion to thrombocytopenic patients frequently induce anti HLA antibodies, which are responsible for transfusion refractoriness. As the transfused platelet suspensions usually contain 15-30% of the leukocytes originally present in the blood, it is not known whether these antibodies are raised by the platelets or by the contaminating leukocytes in the platelet suspensions. In the mouse, pure platelet suspensions are not able to induce a primary antibody response, as measured by the NIH test and the indirect immunofluorescence test on platelets and leukocytes, despite repeated injections. However, when the platelet suspensions are contaminated with leukocytes (10(3) or more/injection) an antibody response is induced. This response is higher than the response indiced by an equal amount of leukocytes alone. As in man the use of leukocyte poor platelets postpones the development of refractoriness to random platelets it is concluded that transfusions with leukocyte free platelets will probably prevent immunization against the HLA antigens. PMID- 7238648 TI - CFUs kinetics observed in vivo by bromodeoxyuridine and near-UV light treatment. AB - Using continuous BrdUrd infusion in vivo and near-UV light irradiation in vitro, we have measured the time integrated S-phase fraction of CFUs derived from murine bone marrow. These measurements indicate a stochastic commitment to cycle of essentially the entire population of CFUs, consistent with the existence of a noncycling cell state G0. The data indicate that for B6D2F1 female mice the CFUs are committed to DNA synthesis approximately once every 52 h. Additionally, measurements of other CFUs parameters showed no significant effects of the BrdUrd infusion. Hydroxyurea challenges of BrdUrd-infused mice indicates that the capacity of the CFUs to respond to a proliferative stimulus during the infusion period is also unaffected by the BrdUrd. PMID- 7238649 TI - Augmentation of natural killer cell activity in spleens of infant, aged, and low responder strain mice by Corynebacterium parvum. AB - Murine natural killer (NK) cell activity is both age- and strain-dependent. NK activity does not appear in murine spleen cells until three weeks after birth. Activity peaks at approximately 10 weeks, decreasing thereafter with mice over one year old showing significantly reduced levels. Mice showing low or no NK activity because of age (aged and infant mice, respectively) can be stimulated to show significant levels of NK lysis by i.p. injection of formalin killed Corynebacterium parvum (CP). In addition, CP treatment is also capable of increasing NK activity in mice from the normally low responding AKR strain. The NK activity induced or stimulated by CP appears to be like normal NK reactivity in that it is not decreased by removal of T-cells or adherent cells. Thus, in addition to increasing NK activity in normally responsive mice, CP is capable of augmenting NK activity in mice which normally show low or no levels of NK lysis. PMID- 7238647 TI - Cyclic erythropoiesis in W/Wv mice following a single small dose of 89Sr. AB - Young adult female W/Wv mice were given 0.5 microCi 89Sr/g intravenously, a dose which produces no anemia and only mild transient thrombocytopenia in normal mice. In the W/Wv animals platelet counts fell from 10(6) to 3 x 10(5)/mm3, and hematocrits from 39% to 25% in two weeks. In the following 2 weeks, platelet counts rose to 7 x 10(5), stabilizing at this level. Average hematocrit values were observed to oscillate from a nadir of 26% to a zenith of 42%, with a periodicity of about 16 days. In a repeat experiment we found the average hematocrit fluctuation from 28 to 40%, amplitude of reticulocyte fluctuation 6 to 31%, periodicity of cycle 16 days. Several animals have been observed through as many as six complete cycles. Further study of cyclical erythropoiesis in the W/Wv mouse following hematopoietic injury produced by 89Sr may shed light on the causes of cyclical hematopoiesis observed occasionally in man and other animals. PMID- 7238650 TI - Evaluation of monolayer, liquid, gelfoam sponge and artificial capillary culture systems for the study of hematopoiesis. AB - This study evaluated the usefulness of a matrix culture system, the artificial capillary culture system, for the growth of hematopoietic cells, the maintenance of CFUS and the collection of GM-CSF. The system was compared to monolayer, gelfoam sponge and Dexter liquid cultures. Monolayer cultures of adherent lymphohematopoietic stromal cells were prepared from bone fragments, whole bone marrow (Dexter system), spleen, fetal liver and thymus preparations. Morphologically, all the adherent cell populations were similar and tended to accumulate macrophages. Despite these morphological similarities, the ability of bone marrow adherent cell monolayers to maintain CFUS early in the culture period was significantly greater than adherent cells from other sources. Low but significant levels of GM-CSF were detected by bioassay in the supernatants of all but bone marrow adherent cell cultures. However, adherent cells selected from whole marrow cultures by differential trypsinization contained bioassayable levels of CSF suggesting that Dexter cultures contain a supernatant inhibitor/inactivator of GM-CSF. The greatest capability of the artificial capillary culture system was to increase about 500-fold over monolayers the GM CSF collected from bone fragment derived stromal cells. Unfortunately, CFUS maintenance was poor, the system was more expensive than monolayer cultures and in our hands, suffered many mechanical failures usually resulting in loss of sterility. Histological evaluation suggested there was inadequate matrix for optimal attachment and growth of lymphohematopoietic stromal cells. Even so this system has a much greater potential for development than gelfoam sponges. Overall, Dexter cultures appear to be the most useful system currently available for the study of hematopoiesis and hematopoietic regulatory interactions. PMID- 7238651 TI - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by human lymphocytes. II. Comparison with polymorphonuclear leukocytes against erythrocyte and nucleated target cells. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were compared to neutrophils with respect to their cytotoxic activity against IgG-sensitized erythrocytes (ox; ORBC) and nucleated (Raji) target cells in vitro. Overall, neutrophils were more efficient than lymphocytes in lysing erythrocytes, but lymphocytes were more efficient in lysing Raji cells. The antibody concentrations producing maximal levels of lysis against erythrocyte target cells were similar for both kinds of effector cells and guinea pig complement; however, in order to obtain Raji cell lysis mediated by neutrophils at a level comparable to that produced by lymphocytes a higher concentration of antibody was required. Another difference found between the lytic activity of these effector cell populations was kinetics of lysis against erythrocyte target: a 15 min lag phase was consistently observed only with neutrophil effector cells. Both effector cells lyse Raji cells with similar kinetics and no lag phase. Lysis by lymphocytes and neutrophils was directly proportional to the effector:target cell (E:T) ratio against both target cells. The effector cells were similarly inhibited from lysis of erythrocytes by IgG aggregate, but neutrophil lysis of Raji cells appeared to be more sensitive to inhibition. The neutrophils did not lyse nonsensitized bystander cells, and lymphocytes lysed sheep erythrocyte bystander cells only. PMID- 7238653 TI - Studies of the hemopoietic microenvironments. V. Changes in murine splenic and bone marrow glycosaminoglycans during post irradiation hemopoietic regeneration. AB - Changes in the amount of sulphated and unsulphated glycosaminoglycans in the spleen and the bone marrow of lethally irradiated mice were followed up to 11 days after irradiation. One day after irradiation, a sharp decrease in the amount of glycosaminoglycans was observed. In the absence of hemopoietic cells, the remaining stromal elements of spleen and bone marrow underwent subsequently marked changes in the amount of the sulphated and unsulphated components of the glycosaminoglycans in both organs. Reconstitution of irradiated mice with bone marrow cells affected the pattern of changes in the amount of glycosaminoglycans. Although no linear correlation could be observed between the amount of glycosaminoglycans and the number of hemopoietic cells present in the hemopoietic organs, these results suggest an interaction between hemopoietic cells and stromal cells in the hemopoietic organs with regard to the glycosaminoglycan metabolism. PMID- 7238652 TI - Phagocytic properties of bone marrow fibroblasts. AB - Phagocytic activity has been observed in cultured marrow derived adherent cells (MDAC). Characterization studies indicate that these populations consist largely of collagen-producing fibroblasts, having failed to reveal markers associated with mononuclear phagocytes (MNP). Phagocytic activity by MDAC was therefore investigated. Characterization studies again failed to demonstrate an Fc receptor and confirmed that human MDAC synthesize collagen in vitro. Phagocytic activity against polystyrene microspheres was observed in 40% of MDAC. Control studies using P-8 and WI-38 fibroblasts yielded similar results. MDAC, P-8 and WI-38 fibroblasts were exposed to fluorescent microspheres and subsequently stained by immunofluorescence for type I collagen. Many cells were seen both to contain fluorescent particles and to stain positively for type I collagen. These results indicate that marrow derived fibroblasts, in common with fibroblasts from other sources, have phagocytic capability under appropriate conditions. PMID- 7238654 TI - Dynamic regulation of erythropoiesis: a computer model of general applicability. AB - A mathematical model for the control of erythropoiesis has been developed based on the balance between oxygen supply and demand at a renal oxygen detector which in turn controls erythropoietin release and red cell production. Tissue oxygen tension is regulated by adjustments of hemoglobin levels resulting from the output of a renal-bone marrow controller. Special consideration given to the determinants of tissue oxygenation included evaluation of the influence of blood flow, capillary diffusion, oxygen uptake, and oxygen-hemoglobin affinity. A theoretical analysis of the overall control system is presented including: a) dynamic and steady-state responses, b) sensitivity analysis to determine the relative importance of parameters and their influence on model behavior, c) properties of the model as a proportional controller, d) analysis of steady-state errors, and e) effectiveness of feedback regulation. Computer simulations of altitude hypoxia, descent from altitude, red cell infusion, and hemolytic anemia demonstrate the validity of the model for general human application. PMID- 7238655 TI - Effect of cryopreservation on recovery of cells forming colonies in diffusion chambers in mice (CFUD). AB - The effect of cryopreservation on human and murine hematopoietic precursor cell survival was assessed. A large proportion of CFUC and CFUS was recovered following freezing and thawing. At the same time there was a substantial decrease in the number of cells which form myeloid (CFUDG) and megakaryocytic (CFUDM) colonies in diffusion chambers in mice. We suggest that the CFUDG and CFUDM number should be determined in the autologous bone marrow transplantation setting. PMID- 7238657 TI - Inhibition by dexamethasone of erythropoietin-induced amplification of the erythropoietin-responsive cell compartment. AB - Erythropoietin-responsive cells (ERC) were reduced to very low levels in post hypoxic polycythemic mice by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg-mouse of busulfan. Repeated injections of 5 units erythropoietin (Ep), 1, 2, and 3 days after busulfan repopulated the ERC compartment. Therefore, injection of a small test dose of Ep on day 5 induced a considerable wave of erythropoiesis. When busulfan-treated polycythemic mice received 5 mg of dexamethasone together with Ep injections they responded to the test dose of Ep with very minor increases in iron incorporation, which would indicate that a very small increase in the ERC population induced by Ep took place. These results suggest that the inhibitory action of dexamethasone on erythropoiesis is exerted not only by inhibiting the Ep-induced differentiation of ERC into proerythroblasts, but also by inhibiting the effect of the hormone on the amplification of the ERC compartment. PMID- 7238656 TI - Electrophoretic mobility properties of murine hemopoietic cells in different stages of development. AB - In vivo spleen colony forming cells (CFUs) and three developmental stages of in vitro granulocyte/macrophage colony forming cells (GM CFUc 1, 2 & 3) are characterized by their surface charge density using the free-flow electrophoresis technique. CFUs have a somewhat higher electrophoretic mobility than have GM CFUc. GM CFUc 1, 2 & 3 appear to be identical in their mobility properties. Treatment with neuraminidase-by which negatively charged N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA or sialic acid) groups are cleaved from membrane glycoproteins-changes the electrophoretic mobility of the various hemopoietic cells differentially. Neuraminidase treatment strongly reduces the electrophoretic mobility of CFUs and GM CFUc 1, has a moderate effect on the mobility of GM CFUc 2 and causes a relatively small reduction in the mobility of GM CFUc 3. It is suggested that the number of neuraminidase susceptible NANA groups on the cell surface decreases during early hemopoietic cell development. PMID- 7238658 TI - Erythroid burst forming units (BFUE) grown from canine marrow and peripheral blood. AB - Studies of canine erythropoiesis in vitro have been limited to a relatively mature class of precursor that gives rise to erythroid colonies of 8-64 cells after 2-4 days in culture. In this report we provide data indicating that a second class of erythroid precursor that gives rise to clusters of colonies or bursts can be grown from both dog marrow and peripheral blood. Dog bursts reach maximum size after 7-14 days in culture and have an appearance characteristic of human erythroid bursts. Dog burst forming units, or BFUE, are low density cells (less than or equal to 1.065 g/ml) that can be separated from the majority of colony forming units, or CFUE, by density centrifugation. PMID- 7238659 TI - Experimental bacterial keratitis: a quantitative model of leukocyte migration following transfusion. AB - A model for the study of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) migration after transfusion employing induction of keratitis in guinea pigs was developed. Initial studies demonstrated that compared with other agents, intracorneal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa following in vivo labelling of PMN by administration of 3H-thymidine produced the greatest influx of radiolabelled PMN into corneas. In subsequent studies, donor peritoneal PMN were radio-labelled by injection of donors with 3H-thymidine. Neutropenia was induced in recipients by whole body irradiation, and they were infected intracorneally with Pseudomonas prior to transfusion. Corneal radioactivity was assayed 24 h after induction of keratitis and the number of donor PMN in corneas was calculated. Half-life of transfused PMN in non-neutropenic recipients was 1.9 h. Arrival of labelled PMN at infected corneas in recipient animals ranged between 0.1-1.0% of transfused cells. Exposure of donor PMN to sonication or to 45 degrees C for 20 min reduced the proportion of PMN arriving at infected corneas (P less than 0.001). Storage of PMN for 24 h at 4 degrees C led to a greater ingress of donor PMN compared with storage at 37 degrees C (P less than 0.01). This model allows quantitation of in vivo PMN function after transfusion and should allow assessment of the effects of most aspects of PMN transfusion technique upon such function. PMID- 7238660 TI - Lymphoid cell proliferation in non-lymphoid organs during graft-versus-host reactions (GVHR): I. Lack of correlation between mortality and grafted cell proliferation. AB - The course of development of graft-versus-host reactions (GVHR) following lethal irradiation was compared in two mouse donor-host combinations disparate at non H 2 loci alone or associated to H-2 complex. The pathogenesis of these reactions was very different (mortality rates faster in the second situation for example). The donor cell proliferation kinetics was followed in lymphoid (pooled lymph nodes, spleen, thymus) and in non-lymphoid organs (kidney and liver) from day 0 to day 28 post-transplantation, and showed the same profile in both GVH reactions. Our data emphasize the discordance between the clinical evolution of the GVH disease on one hand, and the stimulation of the grafted cell proliferation on the other hand, induced by a same H-2 disparity. In addition, we have demonstrated the relatively high level of the lymphocyte proliferation in non-lymphoid organs during the course of a GVHR, even in the case of minor histoincompatibility. PMID- 7238661 TI - Rat hematopoietic cell receptors for very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) growth inhibitor. AB - Physiologic concentrations of rat plasma very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) have profound inhibitory effects in tissue culture on the proliferation of hormonally stimulated bone marrow granulocytic and erythrocytic cells and mitogen stimulated spleen cells. In this study we have evaluated the in vitro uptake and binding of 125I-VLDL by rat marrow cells and spleen lymphocytes. To this end, VLDL were isolated from rat plasma by sequential ultracentrifugation flotation and radioiodinated using iodine monochloride. Biological activity of 125I-VLDL was ascertained by demonstrating that 125I-VLDL and native VLDL had comparable proliferative inhibitory effects when added to erythropoietin-stimulated marrow cells and PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. After 1 h exposure of marrow to VLDL, exhaustive cell washing did not reverse the lipoprotein growth inhibitory effect. The cell uptake of VLDL was evaluated by adding 125I-VLDL to marrow or spleen cells. Uptake of 125I-VLDL by rat cells showed a preference for binding of VLDL as compared to chylomicrons, LDL, or HDL. Based on Scatchard plot analysis of 125I-VLDL binding at 37 degrees C, the approximate number of saturable VLDL receptors available per marrow or spleen cell during a 3 h incubation was 34,000 and 63,000, respectively. We conclude that rat marrow cells and lymphocytes have specific receptors for plasma VLDL and that receptor binding of VLDL is an initial step in its growth inhibitory effect. The physiologic role of plasma lipoprotein cell growth inhibitors will remain speculative, however, until the in vivo distribution of the biologically active lipoprotein moiety to extravascular sites of hematopoiesis has been determined. PMID- 7238663 TI - Clinical evaluation of five spirometers. Monaghan M403, Pneumoscreen, Spirotron, Vicatest and Vitalograph. AB - Five spirometers were compared with the Stead-Wells spirometer in 100 subjects, using the FVC and FEV1 as parameters. In addition, some physical characteristics were studied. The Stead-Wells is a water-sealed spirometer, recommended as a reference spirometer by the American Committees on Environmental Health and Respiratory Physiology. The Vicatest and Vitalograph are volume-displacement dry spirometers. They showed a very good linearity over their entire volume ranges; their FVC and FEV1 readings showed very good correlations with the readings of the Stead-Wells spirometer. The Monaghan, Pneumoscreen, and Spirotron are flow integrating "electronic" spirometers. The volumes recorded were found to be dependent on the values of the flow; their FVC and FEV1 readings also showed good correlations with the readings of the Stead-Wells spirometer, but to a lesser extent than the two dry spirometers. Therefore, for routine assessment of ventilatory function we prefer, at present, the modern volume-displacement dry spirometers. PMID- 7238662 TI - Pleural plaques and lung function in construction workers exposed to asbestos. AB - Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function have been evaluated in construction workers exposed to asbestos and in control subjects. Group I displayed pleural plaques but not lung tissue involvement on X-ray, group II had the same history of asbestos exposure as the previous group but had no pleural plaques, nor any lung tissue involvement, and group III constituted non-exposed control subjects. Chronic bronchitis and productive cough were 4-5 times more frequent in group I compared to group III, while non-productive cough was rare. Conventional spirometry gave no significant differences between exposed and non-exposed subjects, while expiratory flow rates during the latter half of the expiration (MEF50, MEF25) were reduced in group I. Closing volume (CV) was markedly increased in group I and the transfer factor of the lung for CO was slightly reduced. The static transpulmonary pressure - lung volume curve was much the same for all three groups. The difference in CV, MEF50, and MEF25 was greater between exposed and non-exposed non-smokers than between exposed and non-exposed smokers. No significant differences were noticed between those in group II and the control group III. The findings indicate that asbestos exposure whcih elicits pleural plaques, may cause pulmonary dysfunction, representing a disease of the small airways. PMID- 7238664 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen in malignant pleural effusions. A negative report. PMID- 7238665 TI - Dorsal pleural plaques in the lateral projection. PMID- 7238666 TI - Nontuberculous mycobacteria and disease. PMID- 7238667 TI - Lung disease caused by Mycobacterium avium/Mycobacterium intracellulare. An analysis of Danish patients during the period 1962-1976. AB - The present work is a retrospective study in which the case histories of 37 Danish patients with lung infections caused by M. avium/M. intracellulare are analysed. The result of the chemotherapy used, in some cases combined with surgery, was not satisfactory, since the infection became inactive in 11 patients only. One further patient became negative spontaneously. Prognosis studies for various groups of patients were made by statistical analysis of the collective material. The analysis revealed that co-existing lung disease, dyspnoea on admittance and three other features showed positive mutual correlation, and that the two first-named features were significant prognostic criteria. It is proposed that patients without these features should form a separate group with good prognosis, in which less intensive chemotherapy can be employed, i.e. with the three drugs INH, RMP and EMB. Continuation of this treatment beyond 4 months must depend on the bacteriological response and the clinical condition. For the remaining patients, multidrug therapy (with five drugs) is recommended as soon as the diagnosis is established. PMID- 7238668 TI - Oesophageal function in asthmatics. AB - The frequency of different kinds of oesophageal dysfunction (OD) namely hiatal hernia at manometry, dysmotility, hypotension of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) and positive acid perfusion test was investigated in 97 patients with bronchial asthma seen at a hospital clinic. Thirty-six patients had signs of hiatal hernia, 37 of dysmotility, 26 of LES hypotension and 23 had a positive acid perfusion test. Four per cent of all the asthma patients fulfilled four criteria for OD and 10%, 28% and 25% fulfilled three, two and one criteria respectively. The incidence of OD was significantly higher in patients with Exogenous (95%) than in patients with endogenous asthma (58%, P less than 0.01). The history of asthma in patients with OD was of significantly longer duration (mean 16.9 years) than that of the OD itself (mean 6.5 years, P less than 0.01). Productive cough and frequent wheezing were more common in patients with OD (46%) than in patients without (19%, P less than 0.01). Spirometric lung volumes did not differ between asthmatics with OD and those without. Asthmatics with OD seem therefore to suffer more from respiratory symptoms than asthmatics without OD. PMID- 7238669 TI - Effects of angiotensin II and bradykinin on isolated human pulmonary arteries. AB - In vitro studies were performed on the contractile responses of 44 human segmental pulmonary artery specimens obtained from 26 patients undergoing thoracic surgery for pulmonary malignancies or bronchiectasis. Isometric changes in tension were recorded as cumulative dose-response curves in 14 arterial strips after angiotensin II. The angiotensin II-antagonist (Sar1, Ile8-)-angiotensin II demonstrated a competitive antagonism to angiotensin II. No changes of the resting tension occurred from a steady state in 10 specimens after bradykinin challenge. The relaxing effect of bradykinin was investigated after maximal contraction with either prostaglandin F2 alpha, histamine or norepinephrine in 23 specimens. Some relaxation could be obtained in 18, but total relaxation did not occur. We postulate the presence of specific angiotensin II-receptors mediating weak contraction and bradykinin-receptors mediating weak relaxation in isolated human pulmonary arteries. PMID- 7238670 TI - Electrophysiological evidence for connections between septal neurones and the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus of the rat. AB - In order to see whether septal neurones are connected to the hypothalamic neurones secreting vasopressin or oxytocin, neurones in different regions of the septum were recorded during electrical stimulation of the supraoptic nucleus. The position of the stimulating electrode within the latter was verified using lactating rats in which milk ejections could be induced by a train of electrical pulses applied to the nucleus. The responses of septal neurones to single pulse stimulation were then analysed by post-stimulus time histograms. In the septum ipsilateral to the site of stimulation, 42% of the neurones were antidromically invaded, 20% were orthodromically excited and 21% were inhibited following suraoptic stimulation. In the contralateral septum, 2% of the cells tested were antidromically invaded, 3% were excited and 16% inhibited. In the medial septum, 14% of the neurones were orthodromically excited, and 48% were inhibited. These results provide electrophysiological evidence for direct connections between septal neurones and the ipsilateral supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and give further support to the hypothesis of a septal influence on the activity of vasopressin- or oxytocin-releasing cells in the magnocellular system. PMID- 7238671 TI - Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 7. Effects from the reticular formation on C3-C4 propriospinal neurones. AB - Effects of stimulation in the medullary reticular formation (RF) on C3-C4 propriospinal neurones (PNs) were investigated in two series of experiments: (1) indirectly by analyzing how propriospinal transmission to forelimb motoneurones is modified by reticular stimuli; (2) directly by intracellular recording from C3 C4 neurones, which were identified as propriospinal by their antidromic activation from the C6 segment. Propriospinally mediated disynaptic EPSPs evoked in motoneurones from the pyramid (Pyr) and the red nucleus (NR) were effectively facilitated by conditioning stimulation in the RF with a time course of facilitation indicating monosynaptic linkage to the PNs. Propriospinally mediated trisynaptic IPSPs were facilitated less regularly and sometimes instead depressed by conditioning stimulation in the RF. The depression is at least partly due to inhibition of the first order PNs. Recording from C3-C4 PNs revealed that many of them were excited or inhibited by single stimuli in the RF. The brief latency of the EPSPs evoked in these neurones shows monosynaptic linkage from fast reticulospinal fibres. Some IPSPs were similarly monosynaptically evoked from fast fibres and observations are presented suggesting that longer latency IPSPs are monosynaptically mediated by slower fibres. Facilitation of propriospinal transmission to motoneurones as well as the EPSPs and IPSPs in PNs were evoked from a region within or close to the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis. Convergence of monosynaptic EPSPs from Pyr, NR, tectum, and RF was common in C3 C4 PNs. Linear summation of the EPSPs from RF with those evoked from cortico-, rubro-, or tectospinal tracts shows that the former are not due to stimulation of collaterals which the latter tracts may have in RF. Mediation of the EPSPs and IPSPs by descending, rather than by antidromically activated ascending fibres, was indicated by temporal facilitation produced by RF stimuli, subliminal for evoking monosynaptic PSPs in the PNs. Stimulation of the labyrinth did not evoke disynaptic PSPs in any of the PNs investigated. It is concluded that the C3-C4 PNs projecting to forelimb motoneurones can be excited not only from the cortico , rubro-, and tectospinal tracts (Illert et at. 1977, 1978) but also by reticulospinal fibres. PMID- 7238672 TI - Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 9. Differential behavioural defects after spinal cord lesions interrupting defined pathways from higher centres to motoneurones. PMID- 7238674 TI - Pattern of group I fibre projections from ankle flexor and extensor muscles in man. AB - Variations in the H-reflex of soleus, tibialis anterior, quadriceps and short head of biceps femoris muscles were studied in normal man, preceded by a conditioning stimulus applied to either gastrocnemius medialis, the inferior branch of soleus or the common peroneal nerve. The observed variations were evoked by low threshold afferents, had a very short latency suggesting oligosynaptic linkage and disappeared during a selective ischaemic blockade of group I fibres; they were therefore regarded as due to group I fibre stimulation. Biphasic variations were observed in almost all cases: evidence is presented that the early low threshold effects, facilitatory for synergistic and inhibitory for antagonistic motoneurone pools, are due to stimulation of Ia fibres, while the subsequent opposite effects which had a slightly higher threshold are Ib in origin. Even though the pattern of projections of group I fibres from ankle flexors and extensors is qualitatively the same in normal man as in the spinal cat, large quantitative differences are observed; in normal man the effects of group I fibres from ankle flexors and extensors upon close synergistic and direct antagonistic motoneurone pools are weak, and often negligible, whereas they are extremely potent upon quadriceps motoneurones. PMID- 7238673 TI - Indomethacin and cerebrovascular permeability to albumin in acute hypertension and cerebral embolism in the rat. AB - The experiments were performed to determine if indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, could reduce albumin extravasation and brain edema in some models of blood-brain barrier dysfunction. The blood pressure was increased by i.v. adrenaline or bicuculline in conscious rats with indwelling catheters in the aorta and jugular vein. 125I-labeled serum albumin and Evans blue-albumin were used as tracers of the blood-brain barrier function. Pretreatment with indomethacin significantly reduced albumin extravasation after the administration of adrenalin but not after bicuculline, i.e. when acute hypertension was combined with a metabolically mediated cerebral vasodilatation. It is argued that the protective effect of indomethacin in adrenaline-induced hypertension probably is related to the vasoconstrictory effect of the drug. Five microliters of air or Lipiodol were injected into the right internal carotid artery in rats anesthetized with pentobarbitone. The albumin content in the injected hemisphere was seven to nine times higher after fat than after air embolism. No significant reduction of tracer extravasation was obtained in rats treated with indomethacin. Rats subjected to fat embolism had a significant homolateral cerebral edema (i.e. increased water content) which was not reduced by pretreatment with indomethacin. By contrast, the water content was significantly increased also in the non injected side in rats given indomethacin indicating a larger spread of edema fluid in these animals. PMID- 7238675 TI - Cutaneous depression of Ib reflex pathways to motoneurones in man. AB - Variations in the H-reflex of soleus (Sol), quadriceps (Q) and short head of biceps femoris (Bi) muscles in normal man were used to investigate the effect of volleys in low threshold cutaneous afferents from the ipsilateral limb on transmission of Ib effects from ankle and Q muscles to these different motoneurone (MN) pools. Stimulation of cutaneous afferents from the foot sole and the toes (but not from the thigh, knee or calf), which did not modify the size of the test reflexes when applied alone, strongly depressed Ib reflex pathways to MNs supplying muscles operating at the knee. The very brief central latency of this depression suggests that tactile cutaneous afferents from the foot have oligosynaptic spinal connexions with the interneurones intercalated in the Ib pathways to MNs. The same cutaneous stimuli did not all modify Ib inhibition of Sol MNs from triceps surae. These findings are discussed with regard to the role of the different muscles in human locomotion. It is suggested that during the stance phase of heel bipedal locomotion, the cutaneous depression of Ib reflex pathways to MNs supplying muscles operating at the knee might operate in association with the strong Ia connexions from ankle to knee muscles described in the previous paper. PMID- 7238676 TI - Pontine neurones: electrophysiological evidence of mediating carotid baroreceptor inputs to supraoptic neurones in rats. AB - Effects of pressure stimulation of the isolated carotid sinus, of occlusion of the common carotid artery and of tail pinching on the discharge activity of dorsal pontine area neurones and antidromically identified supraoptic neurosecretory neurones were studied in male rats anaesthetized with urethane. Electrical stimulation of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) produced antidromically conducted action potentials in a small number (24/384) of the units recorded in the dorsal pontine area. Pressure pulse stimulation of the isolated carotid sinus inhibited and carotid occlusion facilitated discharge activity in some of the tested dorsal pontine area neurones. In these responsive pontine neurones a transient excitation of grouped discharges was occasionally observed to concur with a small, spontaneous depression of the arterial blood pressure. Tail pinching excited some of these pontine neurones. Histological examination revealed that these responsive neurones were located in the dorsal pontine area close, but ventral and lateral, to the locus coeruleus. Electrical stimulation of the dorsal pons evoked a synaptically mediated excitation in 20 and inhibition in the other seven of the 52 SON units which were identified antidromically after stimulation of the pituitary stalk. Pressure stimulation of the isolated carotid sinus evoked an inhibition of discharge activity in some of th SON units which were excited by dorsal pontine area stimulation. All of the six tested units which showed inhibition after dorsal pontine area stimulation were unresponsive to pressure stimulation. Based on these data, it was concluded that at least some of the neurones which mediate carotid baroreceptor inputs to SON neurosecretory neurones are located in the dorsal pontine area close, but ventral and lateral, to the locus coeruleus and that these dorsal pontine area neurones also mediate converging synaptic inputs originating from somatic pain receptors. PMID- 7238677 TI - Harmaline-induced tremor. I. Regional metabolic activity as revealed by [14C]2 deoxyglucose in cat. AB - Changes of local cerebral glucose consumption under the effect of tremogenic doses of harmaline were studied. To find the brain structures activated by the drug, the autoradiographic method using [14C]2-deoxyglucose was applied to young cats. After administration of harmaline, the animals were paralized with flaxedil. Results were compared to a group of control animals not injected with the drug, but submitted to the same experimental protocol. Increases of neuronal activity were observed in several structures. A) Among the relays of the olivo cerebello-fastigio (and vestibulo)-reticulo-spinal circuit that had been claimed to fire at the frequency of the tremor, labeling was found in: 1. selected portions of the inferior olive including the medial accessory olive and the caudolateral part of the dorsal accessory olive; 2. the molecular layers of the cerebellar cortex including vermian and paravermian zones. Labeling of the olivo cerbellar system was therefore larger than the compartment controlling the fastigial nucleus and extended to that controlling the interpositus nucleus. B) Other structures not under the direct control of the olivo-cerebellar system displayed increased radioactivity under harmaline: lateral reticular nucleus, nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, red nucleus and basal ganglia. Part of the nucleus ambiguus, intensely labeled in the control animals, showed decreased radioactivity under harmaline. The experiments were repeated with the same protocol in another group of animals with unilateral sections of the inferior cerebellar peduncle in order to distinguish between a direct pharmacological influence and a nervous one. Marking of the basal ganglia was not affected by pedunculotomy, suggesting a direct "pharmacological" action of the drug in this cases. On the other hand, marking of the other labeled structures was asymmetric or suppressed by pedunculotomy, and therefore could result from a "nervous" effect secondary to activation of the inferior olive. PMID- 7238678 TI - Harmaline-induced tremor. II. Unit activity correlation in the interposito-rubral and oculomotor systems of cat. AB - Units were recorded extracellularly in the cat brainstem under the effect of tremogenic doses of harmaline. They were localized post mortem and the units discharging at the harmaline tremor frequency were mapped. Harmaline-sensitive neurons were found in the bulbo-pontine reticular formation, in particular, in the lateral reticular nucleus and the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis. The nucleus interpositus as well as the red nucleus also displayed numerous units discharging at the tremor frequency, indicating that the cerebello-interposito rubro-spinal system controlling the flexor muscles participate in harmaline tremor. Participation of the oculomotor system in the harmaline-induced tremor was tested at the level of the vestibular neurons relaying the vestibulo-ocular reflex, the motoneurons, the eye muscles and the eye movements. No rhythmic discharge at the tremor frequency nor eye movements could be detected, indicating that harmalie tremor does not affect the oculomotor system. PMID- 7238679 TI - Visually triggered eye-arm movements in man. AB - The degree of temporal coupling and the nature of temporal ordering between the gaze (eye-head) and arm motor systems was studied in normal subjects by measuring the reaction time, RT, of each system to randomly generated visual signals presented along the horizontal meridian: (1) at two spatial locations, 15.5 degrees and 29.1 degrees, (2) to the right and left of a central fixation point, and (3) with and without room illumination. Upon detecting the visual signal, the subject was instructed to guide the arm from its rest position upon a supporting table and to extinguish the light source by touching a metal disc enclosing the stimulus "as quickly and accurately as possible." The results indicated (1) saccadic eye motion initiated gaze towards the target, (2) a change in the eccentric position of the target was associated with alteration of the eye and arm RT by a similar value; the interval between eye and the subsequent arm RT was invariant with spatial location no matter the presence or absence of room illumination, and (3) the arm RT increased when visual information of the environment was not available. It is postulated that a visual stimulus triggers a command system releasing a patterned sequence of eye-hand-arm motion; the initiation of motion in these motor systems is based upon the same retinal error calculation; however, no rigid rule can be established for the serial ordering or temporal sequencing of motion between the triggered motor systems. The temporal arrangement between head and arm with eye can be modified, at least in part, by alterations in supraspinal control of postural mechanisms and/or motoneuronal excitability of the responding muscles prior to motion. PMID- 7238680 TI - Time of origin of neurons of the rat inferior colliculus and the relations between cytogenesis and tonotopic order in the auditory pathway. AB - Groups of pregnant rats were injected with two successive daily doses of 3H thymidine from gestational day 12 and 13 (E12+13) until the day before parturition (E21+22) in order to label in their embryos the proliferating precursors of neurons. At 60 days of age the proportion of neurons generated (or no longer labelled) on specific embryonic days was determined quantitatively in six vertical strips of the inferior colliculus. It was established that the neurons of the inferior colliculus are produced between days E14 and the perinatal period in an orderly sequence: the earliest generated cells are situated rostrally, laterally and ventrally in the principal nucleus, the latest generated cells are situated caudally, medially and dorsally in the pericentral nucleus. This cytogenetic gradient suggested that the cells are produced dorsally in the caudal recess of the embryonic aqueduct and are deployed in an "outside in" pattern. This study has brought to a conclusion our datings of neuron production in the central auditory pathway of the rat. The results revealed that in those structures in which a cytogenetic gradient could be recognized, the orientation of this gradient and the regional tonotopic order (demonstrated mostly in species other than the rat) tended to be aligned. Moreover, with the exception of the medial trapezoid nucleus and the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (which receive contralateral input from the cochlear nuclei), sites with early-produced neurons correlated with units responding preferentially to high frequency tones and vice versa. This suggested that the orderly production of neurons within different components of the auditory system is a factor in their subsequent topographic organization. A comparison of the temporal order of neuron production in different components of the auditory pathway suggested that the establishment of orderly topographic relations between some of the structures (e.g., the medial geniculate body and the primary auditory cortex) takes place before this spatial relationship could be specified as a cochleotopic order. PMID- 7238682 TI - Cortical field potentials preceding visually initiated hand movements in the monkey. AB - With electrodes implanted chronically on the surface and in the depth of the cortex, field potentials were led from the premotor cortex and forelimb areas of the motor and somatosensory cortices of monkeys performing visually initiated hand movements, and then averaged. It was found that the visually initiated movement was preceded by early (latency about 40 ms after the visual stimulus), surface positive, depth negative potentials in the premotor and forelimb motor cortices on both sides. Later on (at about 120 ms latency), surface negative, depth positive potentials emerged prior to the movement in the motor cortex contralateral to the moving hand. The early responses were interpreted as being induced via deep thalamo-cortical and/or corticocortical projections, while the later responses were via superficial thalamo-cortical projections, according to laminar field potential analyses of cortical evoked potentials made in our previous acute experiments. These potentials recorded in the respective cortices prior to self-paced hand movements: monkeys performing self-paced hand movements showed slowly increasing, surface negative, depth positive premovement potentials in the premotor cortex and the forelimb motor and somatosensory areas contralateral to the moving hand. It was concluded that the central nervous mechanism preparing the cerebral cortex for visually initiated movements is considerably different from that for self-paced movements, both of which consist of the same wrist extension in lifting a lever. PMID- 7238681 TI - Time of origin of neurons of the rat superior colliculus in relation to other components of the visual and visuomotor pathways. AB - Groups of pregnant rats were injected with two successive daily doses of 3H thymidine from gestational day 12 and 13 (E12 + E13) until the day before parturition (E21 + 22) in order to label all the multiplying precursors of neurons. At 60 days of age the proportion of neurons generated (or no longer labelled) on specific days was determined in the separate layers of the superiorr colliculus. Neurogenesis begins with layers V and IV on day E12; the bulk (87%) of these cells are generated on day E13. This early-produced band of large neurons, the intermediate magnocellular zone, divides the superior colliculus into two cytogenetically distinct regions. In both the deep and the superficial superior colliculus neuron production is relatively protracted. In the deep superior colliculus neuron production peaks on day E15 in lay VII, on day E15 and E16 in lay VI, and on day E16 (the large neurons excluded) in layer V, indicating an inside-out sequence. In the superficial superio coliculus peak production time of both layer I and II is on day E16 but in the latter region neuron production is more prolonged and ends on day E18. One interpretation of these results is that the two pairs of superficial layers are produced in an outside-in sequence. These three cytogenetic subdivisions of the superior colliculus may be correlated with its structural-functional parcellation into an efferent spinotectal, a deep somatomotor and a superficial visual component. A comparison of neurogenesis in different components of the visuomotor and visual pathways of the rat indicates that the motor neurons of the extraocular muscles, the abducens, trochlear and oculomotor nuclei, and neurons of the nucleus of Darkschewitsch are produced first. Next in line are source neurons of efferents to the bulb and the spinal cord: those of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus and the intermediate magnocellular zone of the superior colliculus. These are followed by the relay neurons of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate body. The neurons of the superficial superior colliculus and of the visual cortex implicated in visual sensori-motor integrations are produced last. PMID- 7238683 TI - [Vagal acido- and glucoreceptors in the gastro-duodenal region (author's transl)]. AB - Vagal sensitivity to carbohydrates (mainly glucose) and to acids (hydrochloric and acetic acids) was studied in the gastro-duodenal region of anesthetized cats. Action potentials were recorded extracellularly from the nodose ganglion by means of glass microelectrodes. Receptors responding to glucose perfusion were found at this level as well as receptors stimulated by acid perfusion. It is shown that each type of receptor was activated by only one kind of stimulus (carbohydrates and acids, respectively). These receptors must thus be considered as true glucoreceptors or acido-receptors. Being silent before activation, these two types of chemoreceptors discharged at a frequency that varied from 2 to 14 imp/s for the acido-receptors, and from 2 to 30 imp/s for the glucoreceptors. The response could be irregular or regular and might last several minutes. Its latency was short (between 1 and 20 s for both types of chemoreceptors. It was therefore supposed that they were located in the mucosa or neighboring structures. From the conduction velocities (0.8-1.2 m/s), it was concluded that fibers originating from the acido- and glucoreceptors belonged to the C type. Recording of the electromyographic activity from the gastro-duodenal region demonstrated that the gluco- and acid-receptors are involved in the regulation of motility of the gastric and duodenal regions. PMID- 7238685 TI - The role of the corpus callosum and some subcortical commissures in interocular transfer in the hooded rat. AB - The effect of sectioning the corpus callosum on interocular transfer of a brightness and a horizontal/vertical discrimination was examined in hooded rats. Lesions of the posterior portion of the callosum usually led to moderate transfer deficits, but considerable individual variation was found. Lesions involving only the anterior part of the callosum had little effect on transfer. This suggests a functional localisation in the corpus callosum of the rat similar to that seen in higher mammals. Section of the posterior and tectal commissures and the thalamic massa intermedia in addition to the callosum had no greater effect on transfer thatn callosal section alone. It is therefore unlikely that these structures play a crucial role in interocular transfer in the rat. PMID- 7238686 TI - Effects of changes in cortical arousal and of auditory cortex cooling on neuronal activity in the medial geniculate body. AB - The activity of cells in the medial geniculate body (MGB) of adult cats was recorded during different states of cortical arousal with and without cooling of the auditory cortex. In the absence of auditory cortex cooling, the overall mean unit spontaneous discharge rate was 49% higher during desynchroized Electrocorticogram (ECoG) periods (high cortical arousal). Responses to sound were somewhat more prominent vis-a-vis the spontaneous activity during periods of high arousal. Changes in spontaneous discharge rate associated with arousal shifts were significantly reduced during auditory cortex cooling. When the ECoG changed from desynchronized to synchronized activity, MGB cells showed a change in discharge pattern, typically characterized by an increase in both high-rate bursts and long-interval pauses. These changes were duplicated for most cells by cooling of the auditory cortex. Corticofugal fiber discharge thus has an effect on MGB neuronal activity which is dependent on the level of cortical arousal. This effect is most likely a result of direct corticogeniculate activity, though indirect auditory cortex - brainstem - MGB routes may also be involved. PMID- 7238684 TI - Effect of neonatal unilateral enucleation on the development of orientation selectivity in the primary visual cortex of normally and dark-reared kittens. AB - The developmental properties of 573 neurones have been investigated in the primary visual cortex of eight binocularly intact and twelve unilaterally enucleated kittens. It is shown that removal of one eye at birth alters the development of orientation selectivity observed in the presence or absence of visual experience. In 6-week-old deprived kittens, there remain significantly more orientation selective cells in enucleated than in binocularly deprived kittens. These deprivation-resistant cells respond preferentially to horizontal or vertical orientations and are recorded mainly in the cortex contralateral to the remaining eye. In six-week-old kittens with visual experience, the process of tuning maturation appears to be unaffected by unilateral enucleation at birth. However, a larger over-representation of horizontal and vertical orientation preferences is observed in uniocular kittens than in binocularly intact kittens, suggesting that the development of oblique orientation preference depends upon the presence of binocular afferents in the visual pathway. PMID- 7238687 TI - Suppressive effects of a peripheral grating displacement during saccadic eye movement and during fixation. AB - Rapid displacement of a peripheral grating reduced sensitivity to test flashes presented at the center of gaze equally well, whether the displacement was produced by mirror movement during fixation or by saccadic eye movement with the grating stationary. Small 0.5 degree flashes in the retinal periphery were not affected by distant grating displacements, but large (5.0 degree) flashes were suppressed. Thus there is a size-selective suppressive mechanism which does not affect small stimuli except at the fovea. PMID- 7238688 TI - Synaptic organization of motor corticostriatal projections in the rat. PMID- 7238689 TI - Effects of spinal cord stimulation on the differentiation of posterior latissimus dorsi nerve in the chick embryo. PMID- 7238690 TI - Electrophysiology of human muscle in culture. PMID- 7238692 TI - Relationship of aberrant retinotectal projections to visual orienting after neonatal tectal damage in hamster. PMID- 7238691 TI - Temporal sequencing in sleep and waking states during the first 6 months of life. PMID- 7238693 TI - Carbachol "push--pull" perfusion in the reticular formation: effect on the contiguous multiple-unit activity and other sleep--waking parameters in cats. PMID- 7238694 TI - Effect of carbachol "push--pull" perfusion in the reticular formation on alumina cream-induced focal motor seizures in cats. PMID- 7238695 TI - Baclofen as an anticonvulsant in experimental models of convulsions. PMID- 7238696 TI - Effect of monoamines on firing rate and thermal sensitivity of neurons in the preoptic area of awake rabbits. PMID- 7238697 TI - Increase in thickness of cerebral cortex in response to environmental enrichment in Brattleboro rats deficient in vasopressin. PMID- 7238698 TI - Lesions of the brachium of the superior colliculus in neonate hamsters: correlation of anatomy with behavior. PMID- 7238699 TI - Myosin light and heavy chains in rat gastrocnemius and diaphragm muscles after chronic denervation or reinnervation. PMID- 7238700 TI - Projections to the caudolateral medulla from the pons, midbrain, and diencephalon in the cat. PMID- 7238701 TI - Rate and extent of functional reinnervation in fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles of the dystrophic mouse (C57Bl/6J dy2j/dy2j). PMID- 7238702 TI - Somatotopic organization of the tactile thalamus in normal adult and developing mice and in adult mice dewhiskered since birth. PMID- 7238703 TI - Electrophysiological study of the topography of the vibrissae projections to the tactile thalamus and cerebral cortex in mutant mice with hair defects. PMID- 7238704 TI - Evidence for two types of firing pattern during the sleep-waking cycle in the reticular thalamic nucleus of the cat. PMID- 7238705 TI - Depletion of noradrenaline and amygdaloid kindling. PMID- 7238707 TI - Electrophysiologic evidence for a direct connection between the periaqueductal gray and the nucleus gigantocellularis in the rat. PMID- 7238706 TI - Long-term functional restoration of the paralyzed hemidiaphragm in the dog. PMID- 7238708 TI - Periaqueductal gray stimulation: effect on characterized nucleus gigantocellularis neurons in the rat. PMID- 7238709 TI - Kindling-induced experimental epilepsy in rats: cortical stimulation. PMID- 7238710 TI - Effect of nerve extract of atrophy of denervated or immobilized muscles. PMID- 7238711 TI - Polyamine accumulation in normal and denervated neonatal muscle. PMID- 7238712 TI - Impulse entrainment: computer simulations and studies on the parallel fibers of the cerebellum. PMID- 7238713 TI - Ganglion cell distribution in the albino rabbit's retina. PMID- 7238714 TI - Entopeduncular nucleus of the cat: A Golgi study. PMID- 7238716 TI - Recovery of vision in regeneration of goldfish optic axons: enhancement of axonal outgrowth by a conditioning lesion. PMID- 7238717 TI - Immediate, preferential prolactin release after discrete brain lesions in male rats. PMID- 7238715 TI - Regeneration of cauda equina dorsal nerve roots after cross anastomosis in the cat. PMID- 7238718 TI - Origin of the connective tissue scar in the transected rat spinal cord. PMID- 7238719 TI - RESEARCH NOTE acute injury, inflammation, and pain. PMID- 7238720 TI - Research note psychic ageusia in rats lacking gustatory neocortex. PMID- 7238721 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: cryopreservation of schistosomula by two-step addition of ethanediol and rapid cooling. PMID- 7238722 TI - Leishmania donovani: surface membrane acid phosphatase activity of promastigotes. PMID- 7238723 TI - Plasmodium yoelii: antibody and the maintenance of immunity in BALB/c mice. PMID- 7238724 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: niridazole-induced damage to the vitelline gland. PMID- 7238725 TI - Trypanosoma musculi: passive hemagglutination technique to measure antibody in mice. PMID- 7238726 TI - Trichinella spiralis: generation in the presence of rat serum of factors chemotactic for rat cells. PMID- 7238727 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: anodic polysaccharide antigen in glomerular immune deposits of mice with unisexual infections. PMID- 7238728 TI - Heligmosomoides polygyrus: simple recovery of post-infective larvae from mouse intestines. PMID- 7238729 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: vaccination of mice with highly x-irradiated cercariae. PMID- 7238730 TI - Desacetylscalaradial, a cytotoxic metabolite from the sponge Cacospongia scalaris. PMID- 7238731 TI - Plasma lipid and apoprotein levels following plasmapheresis in a subject homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 7238732 TI - Human plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase: oxygen and thermal stability. PMID- 7238733 TI - Purification of mouse liver thymidylate synthetase by affinity chromatography using 10-methyl-5,8-dideazafolate as the affinant. PMID- 7238734 TI - A comment on the design of experiments to estimate the Michaelis-Menten parameters of enzyme-catalysed reactions. PMID- 7238735 TI - 'Atrichosis', a new hairless gene with cyst formation in rats. PMID- 7238736 TI - Cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow cells and spermatogonia of male mice after in vivo treatment with arsenic. PMID- 7238738 TI - Catalase activity among leptospires. PMID- 7238737 TI - Stimulation of glycoprotein secretion in dispersed rat submandibular gland acini by cystic fibrosis serum. PMID- 7238739 TI - Reflex motility of the stomach evoked by electrical stimulation of the hepatic vagus nerve. PMID- 7238740 TI - The modifying effects of oxytocin on stress-induced changes in post-mortem muscle glycolysis in pigs. PMID- 7238741 TI - Effect of continuous light on the blood and urinary sugar levels in alloxan diabetic rats. PMID- 7238742 TI - Fourier analysis and spatial representation in the visual cortex. PMID- 7238743 TI - Effects of later housing on both scent marking behavior and brain cholinergic activities in Mongolian gerbils. PMID- 7238745 TI - The control of amygdaloid seizures by the globus pallidus. PMID- 7238744 TI - Prostaglandin-like substances in propionibacterium acnes. V. Activity profiles using cascade superfusion bioassay and platelet aggregation. PMID- 7238746 TI - Adrenergic neuroplasticity is maintained in the nutritional rehabilitated adult rat. PMID- 7238747 TI - Variations in cardiac noradrenaline content during sodium loading in hypertension prone and resistant rats. PMID- 7238748 TI - Direct excitant action of convulsant barbiturates. PMID- 7238749 TI - Induction of mouse hepatic ornithine decarboxylase by skin application of 12-0 tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. PMID- 7238750 TI - A stereoscan analysis of cell surface characteristics during the interkinetic nuclear migration in normal and colchicine-treated developing chick retina. PMID- 7238752 TI - Effects of the temperature of ice-seeding on survival of frozen-and-thawed mouse morulae. PMID- 7238751 TI - Iridophore development in wild-type and periodic albino Xenopus larvae. PMID- 7238753 TI - Histochemical localization of alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in the skin of Mystus (Mystus) vittatus Bl. (Siluriformes). PMID- 7238754 TI - Increase in muscle fibres in the lateralis muscle (white portion) of Mugilidae (Pisces, Teleostei). PMID- 7238755 TI - Survival enhanced by skin-wound trauma in mice exposed to 60Co radiation. PMID- 7238756 TI - Variable response of spleen to ehrlich's tumor according to the physical form (ascitic or solid) of the tumor. PMID- 7238757 TI - Cilia in stellate neurons of the rat cerebellum. PMID- 7238758 TI - Lack of effect of colchicine on human neutrophil chemotaxis under agarose. PMID- 7238759 TI - IgE rheumatoid factor. PMID- 7238761 TI - A biphasic effect of estradiol on serotonin metabolism in rat pineal organ cultures. PMID- 7238760 TI - Penetration of regenerated neurosecretory fibres into the saccus vasculosus following hypophysectomy in the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). PMID- 7238762 TI - Effect of apomorphine hydrochloride administration on serum concentrations of prolactin and growth hormone in cattle. PMID- 7238763 TI - Simultaneous measurement of pyridine nucleotide fluorescence and field potentials from the olfactory cortical slice of the guinea-pig. PMID- 7238764 TI - Effect of glomerulopressin on the lymphatic hearts of the toad, probably mediated by prostaglandins. PMID- 7238765 TI - Expansibility of erythrocytes during the course of hypotonic hemolysis. PMID- 7238766 TI - The synthesis of enantiomers of 4-ketocyclophosphamide. PMID- 7238767 TI - Incorporation of alpha-aminobutyric acid into ergostine by Claviceps purpurea. PMID- 7238768 TI - Studies on the interaction of the mistletoe lectin I with carbohydrates. PMID- 7238769 TI - Sequential changes in serum glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol in aging of normal and alloxan-diabetic rats. AB - 16-week-old Wistar, alloxan diabetic rats exhibited progressive elevations in levels of serum glucose, total triglycerides, cholesterol and creatinine over a period of 8 weeks; hyperglycemia preceded hyperlipidemia and hypercreatininemia and hypertriglyceridemia preceded hypercholesteremia. Age-matched control rats failed to develop any signs of hyperglycemia or hypercreatininemia, but did develop both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia at 24 weeks of age. This suggests that the progressive cardiovascular derangements (e.g., atherosclerosis, hypertension) noted in experimental diabetes mellitus and in the normal aging (and maturation) process may be brought about by distinctly different biochemical processes. PMID- 7238770 TI - Urease inhibition by hydroxamic acids. PMID- 7238772 TI - Effect of temperature on the activity of AMP deaminase from chicken heart and skeletal muscle at different stages of development. AB - The effect of temperature on purified 1-day-old chicken and adult hen heart muscle AMP deaminase was studied and compared to previous studies on this enzyme from skeletal muscle. The temperature-induced changes in the kinetic parameters of the reaction were shown to be different at these 2 stages of development. This suggests the possibility of developmental changes in the isozymic pattern of AMP deaminase in the heart tissue as has already been shown for skeletal muscle. PMID- 7238771 TI - Induction of nuclear styrene monooxygenase and epoxide hydrolase in rat liver. AB - The apparent Km and Vmax of styrene monooxygenase and styrene epoxide hydrolase were determined in intact nuclear preparations from male rat liver after in vivo treatment with phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone, which are known to induce microsomal cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome P-448 respectively. Treatment with phenobarbital does not alter the apparent Km, but greatly increases the Vmax of both nuclear styrene monooxygenase and styrene epoxide hydrolase. Almost the same pattern is observed for styrene monooxygenase after treatment with beta naphthoflavone, whereas the same treatment slightly increases both the Vmax and Km value of styrene epoxide hydrolase. PMID- 7238773 TI - Progesterone stimulates energy-dependent contraction of swollen heart mitochondria. AB - Progesterone stimulates the rate and efficiency of respiration-dependent contraction of heart mitochondria in nitrate salts at alkaline pH. Ion extrusion under these conditions is normally slow and inefficient due to the elevated permeability of the membrane to monovalent cations through a putative uniport pathway. Progesterone also inhibits passive swelling under these conditions and appears to act by restricting cation influx through the uniport pathway. PMID- 7238774 TI - Human chromosomal heteromorphism in American blacks. V. Racial differences in size variation of the short arm of acrocentric chromosomes. PMID- 7238775 TI - A frog with highly evolved sex chromosomes. AB - Highly differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes and an exceptionally low genome size were found in the karyotypes of Pyxicephalus adspersus (Anura, Ranidae). The W chromosome is considerably smaller than the Z-chromosome and consists to a very great proportion of constitutive heterochromatin. The DNA content of this species and the chromosome length have the lowest values determined in the Ranidae to date. PMID- 7238776 TI - Anthelmintic activity of several 5-substituted benzimidazolyl carbamates against Hymenolepis nana cysticercoids. PMID- 7238777 TI - Cell transformation of frozen human fibroblasts by a strong magnetic field? -- a reinvestigation. PMID- 7238779 TI - Observations on calcareous corpuscles using a scanning electron microscope. PMID- 7238778 TI - The effect of abrin, anti-lymphocyte globulin and their conjugates on the immune response of mice to sheep red blood cells. PMID- 7238781 TI - [Deuterium-oxide protection in asphyxia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238780 TI - Phasic hippocampal activity during paradoxical sleep in the rat: selective suppression after diazepam administration. AB - The effects of diazepam on tonic (T theta) and phasic (P theta) components of the paradoxical-sleep hippocampal theta rhythm were studied in the rat. Results show that diazepam, a benzodiazepine analogue known to interfere with the putative neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the mammalian central nervous system, selectively abolishes P theta. They confirm previous data according to which sedative/anaesthetic drugs cause an apparent dissociation of T theta and P theta of the paradoxical-sleep hippocampal theta rhythm. Moreover, they suggest a possible involvement of GABA in the neurochemical mechanisms underlying P theta in the rat. PMID- 7238782 TI - Amino acid absorption in jejunum and ileum in vivo -- a kinetic comparison of function on surface area and regional bases. AB - Maximum absorptive capacities (Vmax) for the jejunum and ileum corrected for the presence of an unstirred layer of water have been calculated for glycine, valine and methionine in vivo in fowls per unit surface area and per region. Vmax per cm2 showed that ileal enterocytes had a greater absorbing capacity than jejunal for glycine and valine but not for methionine. Vmax for glycine and valine, calculated for the whole jejunum and ileum, however, were not different but for methionine the jejunal value was 1.9 times greater than the ileal. PMID- 7238783 TI - Differential sensitivity of the two phases of ear artery contraction to intimal and adventitial norepinephrine. AB - The biphasic contraction of the rabbit ear artery to norepinephrine (NE) was investigated in the normal (adventitial stimulation) and the everted (intimal stimulation) segment of ear artery. The 2nd phase response showed an intimal ED50 of 8.2 X 10(-8) M which was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than the adventitial ED50 of 42.6 X 10(-8) M. This difference was abolished by inhibition of neuronal and extraneuronal uptake for NE. The 1st phase response also showed an ED50 for the intimal stimulation (6.9 X 10(-8) M) which was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than adventitial (65.5 X 10(-8) M). This difference was reduced but not abolished by NE uptake inhibition. This suggests that some feature of the adrenergic neuroeffector apparatus is asymmetrically arranged to favor fast responses to blood borne NE. PMID- 7238784 TI - Electron microscopy of gastric mucosal innervation in rats. PMID- 7238785 TI - The effect of dietary amino acids on the growth of tumors. PMID- 7238786 TI - Is there a functional large intestine in the ferret? AB - The intestine of the ferret (Putorius furo) is unusual in that there is no external anatomical division between ileum and colon. Up to 8-10 cm from the anus the electrical activity was organized into migrating myoelectric complexes typical of the small intestine. At this point the pattern of electrical activity changed abruptly to that characteristic of the colon, namely short and long spike burst activity. Histological examination showed that at this point the muscular layers were interrupted by a band of connective tissue sufficient to permit the functional autonomy of the last part of the intestine. PMID- 7238787 TI - Response properties of visual units in the anterior dorsolateral thalamus of the chick (Gallus domesticus). AB - Receptive fields of neurons in the anterior dorsolateral thalamus (DLA) of the chick were plotted and their response properties analyzed. The average size was 18 degrees X 13 degrees but there were some wide-field units. DLA cells were classified as detectors of 1. general movement (uniform-field), 22%; 2. general movement (centre-periphery), 22%; 3. moving dark objects, 29%; 4. direction, 8%; and 5. illumination, 19%. PMID- 7238788 TI - Prostaglandin E2 increases mechanically evoked potentials in the peripheral nerve. PMID- 7238789 TI - Lesions in the substantia nigra of rats induce thermoregulatory deficit in the cold. PMID- 7238790 TI - The effects of naloxone on the analgesic activities of general anaesthetics. PMID- 7238791 TI - Effects of the optical isomers of 2-amino-3-fluoro-1-phenylpropane (monofluoroamphetamine) hydrochloride on uptake and release of dopamine in rat striatum in vitro. PMID- 7238792 TI - Electro-osmotic and iontophoretic release of noradrenaline from micropipettes. PMID- 7238794 TI - Structure and antiarrhythmic activity of three ketophosphonium salts. PMID- 7238793 TI - Effect of diazepam (Valium) on chronic stress-induced hypertension in the rat. PMID- 7238795 TI - Acceleration of nerve regeneration by gangliosides estimated by the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP). PMID- 7238796 TI - A simple procedure for removal of intra- and extra-tumoral macrophages from primary tumor cultures. PMID- 7238797 TI - Studies on muscle fibre splitting in skeletal muscle. PMID- 7238798 TI - An improved method for calculating colony forming ability in soft agar with special reference to malignancy. PMID- 7238799 TI - Effect of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) on thyroid function in sub-lethally irradiated mice. PMID- 7238801 TI - Method for long term delivery of soluble agents to the chick chorioallantoic membrane. PMID- 7238800 TI - Translocation of hepatic cytosol androgen receptor to the nucleus in vivo in male rats. AB - Testosterone, which was injected s.c. into adult male rats castrated 15 h prior to the injection, decreased the number of androgen-specific binding sites in the cytosol at 30 min. Coincidentally, a substantial increase was observed in the nucleus. The decreased number of the sites in the cytosol was restored to the initial level at 60 min; on the contrary, a decrease was observed in the nucleus. PMID- 7238802 TI - Lack of distant relationship between lysozyme Ch and hen egg white lysozyme: computer comparison studies. AB - A computer search, made for distant relationships between lysozyme Ch, hen egg white lysozyme, and bacteriophage T4 lysozyme, revealed no unusual similarities in their amino acid sequences. Also, antibodies generated against lysozyme Ch failed to cross react with hen egg white lysozyme and vice versa. These lysozymes most likely represent examples of convergent evolution. PMID- 7238804 TI - Absence of recombination in the male of Ceratitis capitata. PMID- 7238803 TI - The antifertility action of alpha-chlorohydrin: metabolism by rat and boar sperm. PMID- 7238805 TI - A spontaneous tandem duplication in a Drosophila chromosome. PMID- 7238806 TI - Karyotypes of six species of african Cichlidae (Pisces: Perciformes). PMID- 7238808 TI - Reaction time of the topminnow Aplocheilus lineatus to surface waves determined by video- and electromyogram recordings. PMID- 7238807 TI - Isoacceptor glycine tRNA species during bovine myocardium development. AB - The isoacceptor patterns of glycyl-tRNAs from fetal bovine myocardium during development, and of adult cardiac muscle, have been studied by reverse-phase chromatography. 4 isospecies were detected and quantitative changes in their relative abundance were noted. Moreover, upon testing their efficiency in transferring glycine into polypeptides a differential utilization of the cognate tRNAs was observed. PMID- 7238809 TI - [Preparation of DNA from rat liver by gel filtration on Ultrogel A2]. PMID- 7238810 TI - Cornea regeneration in the Pacific giant octopus, Octopus dofleini, and the common octopus, O. vulgaris. AB - Cornea regeneration in a Pacific giant octopus, Octopus dofleini, occurred within 10 days after the injury was observed. Surgical removal of the cornea in a common octopi, O. vulgaris experimentally duplicated this cornea regeneration within a 10-day period. It is, therefore, concluded that besides sucking discs, arms, and nerve fibres, octopi can also regenerate corneal tissue. PMID- 7238811 TI - Effects of DL-propranolol on the thermoregulatory responses of rats at different ambient temperatures. PMID- 7238812 TI - An analytical study of the neurosecretory cells of the brain in Philosamia ricini (Hutt.) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) during post-embryonic development. PMID- 7238813 TI - A microanalysis of colloid osmotic pressure. PMID- 7238814 TI - Conduction velocity of peristaltic waves in the in vivo ureter: application of a new diameter gauge. AB - The conduction velocity of peristaltic movements of the canine ureter was measured under anaesthesia with a new type of diameter gauge using an image sensor. The peristaltic velocity was 34.1 +/- 6.2 mm/sec in 10 experiments. Noradrenaline at a low dosage of 1 microgram/kg i.v. reduced the resting diameter, increased the conduction velocity to 47--56 mm/sec, and approximately doubled the frequency of contraction. The application of acetylcholine also caused an increase in both frequency and conduction velocity (42--46 mm/sec). A plot of the conduction velocity against the mean period of peristaltic contraction was hyperbolic in shape. PMID- 7238815 TI - Transducing element of crustacean mechano-sensory hairs. PMID- 7238816 TI - Circadian rhythm of plasma corticosterone in vagotomized rats. PMID- 7238817 TI - The plasma volume of the Wistar rat in relation to the body weight. PMID- 7238818 TI - The growth responses of hamster chondrocytes, dermal fibroblasts and embryo cells to whole blood serum and plasma-derived serum. AB - Autoradiographic studies with 3H-thymidine demonstrated that the growth responses of hamster chondrocytes, dermal fibroblasts and embryo cells, respectively, differed in media containing whole blood serum (WBS) and plasma-derived serum (PDS). Dermal fibroblasts seemed to require a growth factor from platelets for growth, but chondrocytes did not. Embryo cells showed an intermediate pattern of growth response to this factor. PMID- 7238819 TI - The effect of splenectomy on the development of experimental pyelonephritis. PMID- 7238821 TI - Effect of diabetes on the vertebral column of rats and its modification by estradiol. AB - In vertebrae of genetically selected sucrose-fed diabetic rats a statistically significant bone deficit was found after diabetes had been present for about 8 months. No osteopenia was observed in diabetic rats following treatment with estrogenic hormone for 5--7 months. The development of osseous centers in the end plates of the vertebrae was retarded in diabetic rats, but was about normal in diabetic rats given estrogen. No differences were noted in the growth zones or in the tendency to develop articular lesions in rats of the various groups. Possible differences in the amount of GAG in intervertebral discs of diabetic and non diabetic rats respectively await further confirmation. PMID- 7238820 TI - Steroid-induced concentric membrane whorls in dog liver. AB - When daily doses of 10 mg/kg of the androgenic steroids fluoxymesterone, methyltestosterone, testosterone propionate, oxymetholone and mepitiostane were administered to adult male and female beagle dogs for 6 months, concentric membrane whorls were produced in the hepatocytes of all groups. The whorls frequently had a central core mainly composed of lipids or mitochondria and the membranes of the whorls, consisting of paired membranes, continued to the smooth or granular endoplasmic reticulum at the periphery of the structures. PMID- 7238822 TI - Microinterferometric characterization of isolated human hepatocytes. AB - Hepatocytes isolated from liver tissue taken by biopsy from 18 patients with hepatic or extrahepatic diseases displayed a weight class-organization similar to that of other animal species. In most cases the cell classes had a period of 108 pg varying in number from 4 to 14; cell weight range was 96--432 pg as a minimum (4 classes) and 108--1536 pg as a maximum (14 classes). In 5 cases cell classes showed a period of 120 pg resulting 7--9 in number; cell weight range was 216- 960 pg (7 classes) or 216--1200 pg (9 classes). No correlation was found between sex, age, liver histopathology, disease of the patients and the various parameters measured. PMID- 7238823 TI - Studies on lipid peroxidation using whole liver cells: influence of damaged cells on the prooxidant effect of ADP-Fe3+ and CCl4. PMID- 7238824 TI - Effect of seasonal variation on the acute toxicity of cyclophosphamide in the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) and the mouse under laboratory conditions. PMID- 7238825 TI - Beneficial action of naloxone in splanchnic artery occlusion shock. PMID- 7238826 TI - Anatomical evidence for cross regeneration of motor axons in a cockroach. PMID- 7238827 TI - The influence of incubation temperature on the rate of human lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. PMID- 7238829 TI - Influence of lodgement site on the proliferation-kinetics of tumor cells. PMID- 7238828 TI - Angiogenic activity in the CSF in human malignancies. PMID- 7238830 TI - Effect of amniotic fluid and fetal bovine serum on the morphogenesis of mouse duodenal villi in organ culture. AB - When duodenal explants of 15-day mouse foetuses are cultured in Trowell T8 medium during 72 h, villi do not develop. If mouse amniotic fluid (25%) is added to the same medium, short villi appear after 12 h of culture and medium size villi are seen at 48 h. Bovine amniotic fluid and fetal bovine serum promote cell growth but morphogenesis of intestinal villi is far less stimulated. PMID- 7238831 TI - Differences in phagocytic activity of methacrylate copolymer particles in normal and stimulated macrophages. PMID- 7238832 TI - The influence of sodium 8-chlorotheophyllinate (S8CT) on immune processes. AB - S8CT injected at the time of immunization significantly enhances specific IgM production but has no effect on IgG-formation. Mitogen (PHA-P) induced macrophage migration inhibition of cells of S8CT pretreated animals is reduced. The same effect is observed, when normal cells are tested in the presence of S8CT in vitro. Blast transformation of B-lymphocytes but not of thymocytes is significantly stimulated by S8CT. Acid phosphatase activity is also stimulated in B-cells and - to a lesser degree - in cortisone-resistant T-lymphocytes whereas the activity of the total thymocyte population is reduced. No effect was seen on phagocytosis and intracellular bactericidal activity. A stimulatory effect of S8CT for B-cells is postulated. PMID- 7238833 TI - Androgen levels in the rete testis fluid during sexual development. PMID- 7238834 TI - Plasma testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in normal and abnormal pregnancy. AB - The concentration of plasma testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was determined in 2 groups of nonpregnant and pregnant women. The 1st group consisted of normal women and the 2nd of women with recurrent pregnancy disorders of unknown etiology. Significantly higher concentration of plasma DHT in nonpregnant women from the 2nd group was found (44.9 +/- 22 ng/100 ml) as compared to nonpregnant normals (24.2 +/- 5.2 ng/100 ml), p less than 0.01. There was no difference in the concentration of plasma T between the groups studied (p = 0.165). PMID- 7238835 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity in an Aedes aegypti cell line. AB - Considerable acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was detected in an Aedes aegypti established cell line. The enzyme is blocked by 10(-6) M eserine sulfate, displays excess substrate inhibition and slowly hydrolyzes butyrylthiocholine. A 2-fold stimulation of AChE activity was shown after 2 days exposure to 3 x 10(-7) M beta-ecdysone. AChE activity found in the fresh medium is the contribution of the fetal calf serum portion. A direct relationship between levels of serum and the AChE activity in the cultured cells was demonstrated. PMID- 7238836 TI - Very small microspheres are useful for the determination of cardiac output but not organ blood flow in conscious rabbits. PMID- 7238837 TI - Chloroquine-induced alterations in phasic muscles. II. Sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7238838 TI - Regression of aortic lesions in rabbits withdrawn from a hypercholesterolic diet and subjected to partial ileal by-pass: SEM and TEM observations. PMID- 7238839 TI - Dermal vascular patterns in response to burn or freeze injury in rats. PMID- 7238840 TI - Bilirubin-induced erythrocyte membrane cytotoxicity. PMID- 7238841 TI - Isolation and characterization of the internal elastic lamina from calf thoracic aorta. PMID- 7238842 TI - Effect of the hypolipidemic drug RMI 14,514 on hepatic ultrastructure of rats. PMID- 7238844 TI - A study of atherosclerosis regression in Macaca mulatta. IV. Changes in coronary arteries from animals with atherosclerosis induced for 19 months and then regressed for 24 or 48 months at plasma cholesterol concentrations of 300 or 200 mg/dl. PMID- 7238843 TI - Effect of high concentrations of oxygen on reparative regeneration of damaged alveolar epithelium in mice. PMID- 7238845 TI - Toxicity of microtubular drugs to leukemic lymphocytes. PMID- 7238846 TI - The influence of formulation, manufacturing variables and temperature on in vitro release of benzocaine dissolved in gel-type oily vehicles. PMID- 7238847 TI - [Soap chromatography in the separation and identification of amines, aminophenols and phenols used as hair dyes]. PMID- 7238848 TI - [Crystalline forms of nicergoline]. PMID- 7238850 TI - The possibility of a guided therapy in chronic liver diseases. PMID- 7238849 TI - Cardiovascular effects of flutonidin after acute oral administration. PMID- 7238851 TI - [N1-substituted 1H-indazole-3-ethyl carboxylates and 1H-indazole-3-hydroxamic acids]. AB - Sixty five new derivatives of ethyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate are described; they contain in N1 various aliphatic or aromatic acyl radicals. Moreover halogens or methyl groups are present as substituents at the 5 position or methyl groups at 5,6. The synthesis of seven 1H-indazole-3-hydroxamic acids, substituted at 6 and/or 5 as above, is also described. Some of the synthesized derivatives have preliminarily been tested on rats to investigate acute toxicity, possible antiarthritic effects on primary or secondary arthritis, and their action on weight gain. Some of these indazole derivatives had an antiarthritic effect at doses much lower than the toxic ones; among the compounds tested up to now, the ethyl-5-methyl-N1-p-chlorobenzoyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate gave the best results. Weight gain as not affected by any of the examined compounds. PMID- 7238852 TI - [1,6-Disubstituted 3-methylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones. Effect on acquisition and modification of a conditioned avoidance response in the rat]. AB - Sixteen derivatives of 3-methylquinoxalin-2(1H)-one were prepared; they are variously substituted on position 6 (R = H, COCH3, OCH3, CF3) and bear on position 1 an aminoalkyl chain (dimethylaminoethyl, dimethylaminopropyl, N methylpiperazinylpropyl and morpholinylethyl). Most of these compounds exhibit a high degree of deconditioning activity on rats; compound (X) is significantly more active than chlorpromazine in the tests used. PMID- 7238853 TI - [New esters of substituted anilinonicotinic and phenylanthranilic acids]. AB - In the search for new non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs with low ulcerogenic activity, phthalidyl and pivaloyloxymethyl esters of anilinonicotinic and N phenylanthranilic acids were synthesized. One of them, the 3-phthalidyl ester of 2-([3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid, also named talniflumate, showed lower ulcerogenic activity and toxicity and greater antiinflammatory activity than the niflumic acid. PMID- 7238854 TI - [Substances with antiviral activity. XX. Thiosemicarbazones of 1-substituted 3 formyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl(carboxy)indoles]. AB - A series of 3-formyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl(carboxy)indole thiosemicarbazones 1 substituted were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antiviral activity against vaccinia virus strain IHD. The thiosemicarbazone of 1-(m-chlorobenzoyl)-3 formyl-2-ethoxycarbonylindole [(II g); Table II] was the most active compound. Some structure activity relationships are discussed. PMID- 7238855 TI - The primary structure of L-1 light chain of chicken fast skeletal muscle myosin and its genetic implication. PMID- 7238856 TI - Hemoglobin Saint Mande beta 102 (G4) asn replaced by tyr: a new low oxygen affinity variant. PMID- 7238857 TI - Haemoglobin Ferndown (alpha 6 [A4] aspartic acid replaced by valine). PMID- 7238858 TI - Isoelectrofocusing pattern of 2-alpha-L, 3-alpha-L and 4-alpha-L fucosyltransferases from human milk and serum. PMID- 7238859 TI - Transformation of 15-hydroperoxy-5,9,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid into novel leukotrienes. PMID- 7238860 TI - Effect of inert polymers on protein self-association. PMID- 7238861 TI - Increased acetyl carnitine in rat skeletal muscle as a result of high-intensity short-duration exercise. Implications in the control of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 7238862 TI - Effect of fenfluramine and related compounds on the pancreatic colipase/lipase system. PMID- 7238864 TI - Evolution of neurophysin proteins: partial amino acid sequences of rat neurophysins. PMID- 7238863 TI - Polyprotein processing of alphaviruses: N-terminal structural analysis of Semliki Forest virus proteins p62, E3 and ns70. PMID- 7238865 TI - Kinetics of carnitine uptake by rat epididymal cells. Androgen-dependence and lack of stereospecificity. PMID- 7238866 TI - Inactivation of rat liver and kidney branched chain 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complex by adenosine triphosphate. PMID- 7238867 TI - 5 S ribosomal RNA genes and the AluI family: evolutionary and functional significance of a region of strong homology. PMID- 7238868 TI - Amino acid sequence of crab metallothionein. PMID- 7238869 TI - Isolation and characterization of a precursor form of the 'A' subunit of cholera toxin. PMID- 7238870 TI - Oxygen diffusion through hemoglobin and HbdesFe: quenching of the tryptophan and porphyrin emissions. PMID- 7238871 TI - The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl glycosides in binding studies with the lectins BS I-A4, BS I-B4 and BS II from Bandeiraea (Griffonia) simplicifolia. PMID- 7238873 TI - Ethane production by isolated perfused rat liver: a system to study metabolic effects related to lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7238872 TI - Effect of 5'-methylthioadenosine on in vivo methyl esterification of human erythrocyte membrane proteins. PMID- 7238874 TI - Effect of phospholipids on the length of the helical segments in the fatty acid synthetase complex from Ceratitis capitata. PMID- 7238875 TI - The site in human antithrombin for functional proteolytic cleavage by human thrombin. PMID- 7238876 TI - Inactivation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes by 5-nitro-L-norvaline, an analog of L-glutamate. PMID- 7238877 TI - Inhibition of the respiratory burst and of phagocytosis by nordihydroguaiaretic acid in neutrophils. PMID- 7238879 TI - Interaction of a fluorescent procaine analogue with phosphatidylcholine vesicles. PMID- 7238880 TI - Iron mobilization from cultured rat fibroblasts and hepatocytes. Effect of various drugs. PMID- 7238878 TI - Thermolabile factor accelerates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase reaction in heart mitochondria of starved or alloxan-diabetic rats. PMID- 7238881 TI - Ricinus communis toxin interacts specifically with GM 1 ganglioside incorporated into planar lipid bilayers. PMID- 7238882 TI - Lipolytic activity of rat submaxillary salivary gland protein extracts. PMID- 7238883 TI - Effects of butyrate upon the metaphase-specific deacetylation of histone H4. PMID- 7238884 TI - Modifications in oocyte protein synthesis induced by progesterone in Xenopus laevis. PMID- 7238885 TI - Structure of milk lactoperoxidase. Evidence for a single polypeptide chain. PMID- 7238886 TI - The mechanism for Ca2+ release induced by N-ethylmaleimide in rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7238887 TI - 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline in pineal gland of chicken and cock. PMID- 7238888 TI - Research needed to improve data on mineral content of human tissues. PMID- 7238889 TI - Research needed to improve data on mineral content of human tissues: introduction and conclusions. PMID- 7238890 TI - Analytical methods for the mineral content of human tissues. PMID- 7238891 TI - Evaluation of published data pertaining to mineral composition of human tissue. PMID- 7238892 TI - An overview: the chemical elements, nutrition, disease, and the health of man. PMID- 7238893 TI - Mineral content of human tissues from a nutrition perspective. PMID- 7238894 TI - Disease states and tissue mineral elements in man. PMID- 7238895 TI - Interactions between elements in tissues: studies in animal models. PMID- 7238896 TI - Sample selection, collection, preservation and storage for a data bank on trace elements in human tissue. PMID- 7238897 TI - Design of a tissue mineral data bank. PMID- 7238898 TI - Some data base management considerations. PMID- 7238899 TI - Use of medicolegal case material in establishing a data base of mineral-element concentrations in human tissues. PMID- 7238900 TI - In vitro studies of IgE synthesis by human blood mononuclear cells. AB - IgE was detected in increasing quantities in supernatants of cultured human blood mononuclear cells, with peak amounts being found in 7 to 12-day cultures. Inhibitors of protein synthesis or of cell division reduced IgE production. Significantly greater amounts of IgE were made by cells from patients with elevated serum IgE than by those from normal adults. Pokeweed mitogen caused modest (threefold) augmentation of IgE synthesis is normal control cultures but inhibited it in cultures from patients with elevated serum IgE. Co-culturing unfractionated mononuclear cells from some atopic patients with cells from normal people resulted in significant suppression of the expected amount of IgE synthesis but not of IgM or IgG production. This suggests that a suppressor cell population or function is present in normal adults that regulates B cell IgE synthesis and that patients with elevated IgE may be deficient in this function. Results of coculture studies with isolated T and B cell-enriched subpopulations support the possibility that such activity exists in normal T cell populations. The marked augmentation of IgE synthesis by patients' B cells when separated from their own T cells indicates that patients' T cells have some regulatory capacity, but control T cells were more potent in this regard. PMID- 7238901 TI - Mechanical effects of inspiration on heart functions: a review. AB - Left ventricular stroke volume decreases during inspiratory efforts whether lung volume is actually increasing as in normal inspiration or whether it remains constant as in a Mueller Maneuver (M.M.). Explanations have included phase lag between lung volume changes and left ventricular volume changes during inspiration as well as increased capacity of pulmonary vessels due to inflation. The capacitance changes could not be used to explain stroke volume (SV) fall in Mueller Maneuvers where lung volume is constant. The increased negative pleural pressure may be responsible for increases in right heart volume due to increased venous return. This mechanism has also been suggested as one of the causes of the fall in left ventricular stroke volume by ventricular interdependence due to changes in left ventricular pressure/volume (P/V) relations, i.e., compliance. In all these explanations a decrease in left ventricular diastolic filling and decreased diastolic pressure is assumed. The fact that decreases in pleural pressure may also act like an increase in left ventricular afterload and impede outflow, thereby decreasing stroke volume, has not been generally considered. We found that left ventricular stroke volume can still decrease without a decrease in left ventricular filling and even when increases in venous return have been prevented (right-heart bypass, i.e., constant pulmonary inflow). Thus the fall in stroke volume during inspiratory effort appears to be caused by a variety of factors, among which increased left ventricular afterload must be considered of primary importance. In addition, decreased left ventricular diastolic compliance due to increased right ventricular (RV) volume also has to be considered (interdependence). PMID- 7238902 TI - Interaction of carotid chemoreceptor and pulmonary inflation reflexes in circulatory regulation in conscious dogs. AB - The interaction of carotid chemoreceptor and pulmonary inflation reflex control of peripheral and coronary vasoactivity and myocardial contractility was examined in conscious dogs. Stimulation of carotid chemoreceptors resulted in an increase in rate and depth of respiration, an increase in myocardial contractility, and more intense vasoconstriction in the iliac than in the mesenteric, renal, or cerebral beds. The coronary bed responded primarily with vasodilation. The increase in rate and depth of respiration stimulated pulmonary inflation reflexes, which in turn were partially responsible for the coronary vasodilation, but also attenuated the positive inotropic response and even reversed the initial peripheral vasoconstriction to a period of significant vasodilation. PMID- 7238903 TI - Use of ionophores and antibiotics in studies of epithelia: introduction. PMID- 7238904 TI - Structural aspects of ionophore function. AB - Ionophores increase permeability in lipid bilayer membranes by two different mechanisms. Pores are relatively long-lasting, stationary structures that allow the passage of a large number of ions during their existence. Carriers, in contrast, move through the membrane in association with individual ions. Changes in the lipid composition of the membrane affect the two permeation mechanisms differently. The relationship between membrane structure and ion permeability is analyzed by considering the membrane interior and the region of polar headgroups separately. PMID- 7238905 TI - Mechanisms of the mucosa-negative transepithelial potential produced by amphotericin B in gallbladder epithelium. AB - Exposure of the apical (luminal) surface of gallbladder epithelium to the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B produces a mucosa-negative change of the transepithelial potential. The mechanism of this effect has been studied by both electrophysiologic techniques and tracer flux measurements. The main effect of amphotericin B appears to be an increase in the permeability of the apical membrane to small monovalent cations. During exposure to Na-Cl-Ringer's, this results in cell depolarization and in K loss and Na uptake by the cells. The loss of apical membrane K selectivity appears to account for most of the change in the transepithelial potential. Accumulation of K in the mucosal un-stirred layers can contribute to this change as well. The evidence for stimulation of an electrogenic basolateral Na pump (by the net Na entry caused by amphotericin B) is not conclusive due to a) indirect effects of the polyene antibiotic on the resistance of basolateral membrane, b) lack of reduction of the amphotericin B dependent change of transepithelial potential when the pump is inhibited, and c) lack of effect of NaCl addition on basolateral membrane potential in tissues preincubated in high K-media and exposed to amphotericin B on the luminal side. PMID- 7238906 TI - Membrane biophysics of calcium currents. AB - Voltage-dependent Ca currents have now been identified in almost every excitable membrane. In invertebrate muscle and many egg cells Ca currents produce pure Ca spikes, while in nerve axons and vertebrate skeletal muscle Ca currents contribute little to the action potential. Nerve cell bodies and secretory cells have action potentials with both Na and Ca components. Since the measurement of the Ca reversal potential is practically impossible, the selectivity of Ca channels can only be determined by the current-carrying ability of various ions. The movement of ions through the Ca channel is described in terms of an affinity factor for an external binding site and a mobility factor for crossing the membrane. The biophysical study of Ca currents has been limited by the absence of preparations where control of membrane potential was satisfactory. Recently, spherical cells such as isolated ganglion cells and egg cells have allowed more satisfactory voltage clamp studies. However, the separation of the Ca current from the background currents is a much more difficult problem than was the isolation of the Na current. This difficulty is due to the multiple interrelations between the background current and the Ca current. In general alterations that change the Ca current also appear to change the background current. PMID- 7238907 TI - Calcium-mediated control of Ca and K currents. PMID- 7238909 TI - Hypertension and antihypertensive drugs: introductory remarks. PMID- 7238908 TI - Isolated mammalian brain in vitro: new technique for analysis of electrical activity of neuronal circuit function. AB - A new technique is described that allows neurobiological research in mammalian brain in vitro. The approach utilizes the vascular system to irrigate portions of the brain-in this case the brain stem and cerebellum "en block." The preparation, which can survive for about 10 hours, demonstrates normal field potentials following stimulation of either the surface or the underlying white matter at both cerebellar and brain stem levels. Intracellular studies at both these levels indicate cellular activity in every way similar to the in vivo or the slice preparation from the same regions. This new technique offers potential for the study of ionic mechanisms underlying electrical activity as well as neurochemistry, neuroanatomy, neuropharmacology, and neuroendocrinology. PMID- 7238910 TI - Methods for measurement of cerebral blood flow. AB - Difficulties in measuring total and regional cerebral flow have hindered advances in knowledge concerning the regulation of the cerebral circulation. Now, however, we can accurately measure total and regional cerebral blood flow with the labeled microsphere method. With this method, flow to cerebral and non-cerebral tissues in the head can be completely separated, and by using microspheres labeled with different radionuclides, six measurements can be obtained in each experiment. A disadvantage of the microsphere method is that flow is not monitored continuously. Therefore, transient changes in flow (less than 20 seconds) cannot be measured accurately, and it is difficult to determine the time course of changes in cerebral blood flow in response to a given stimulus. A new method, simultaneous measurements of velocity and diameter in a pial artery, complements the microsphere approach. With this new method, nearly continuous, accurate measurements of cerebral blood flow are obtainable. Now that several methods for measuring cerebral blood flow are available and appear to be valid, knowledge concerning the regulation of cerebral blood flow should advance more rapidly. PMID- 7238911 TI - Relationships among local functional activity, energy metabolism, and blood flow in the central nervous system. AB - The results of studies with the [14C]deoxyglucose technique establish that local energy metabolism in cerebral tissues is, as in other tissues, closely coupled to local functional activity. Stimulation of local functional activity increases the local rate of glucose utilization; reduced functional activity depresses it. Local cerebral blood flow is normally distributed among the cerebral structures in almost exact proportion to their rates of glucose utilization and changes together with local glucose consumption in response to altered local functional activity. These results demonstrate that the level of functional activity in the structural and functional components of the central nervous system regulates the local rate of energy metabolism, and local blood flow is adjusted to the local metabolic demand. PMID- 7238912 TI - Neural effects on cerebral vessels: alteration of pressure-flow relationship. AB - Cerebral vessels are well innervated by adrenergic and cholinergic fibers. Effects of sympathetic stimulation on cerebral blood flow (CBF) are controversial, but we have concluded that, during normotension and hypotension, sympathetic nerves have little effect on CBF. During acute hypertension, however, sympathetic nerves may have important effects of CBF. Sympathetic stimulation attenuates the passive increase in CBF that occurs during severe steady-state hypertension and after a sudden, modest increase in pressure. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier, which occurs during severe hypertension, also is minimized by sympathetic stimulation. Thus, the concept has emerged that, in contrast to minimal effects of sympathetic nerves under most conditions, sympathetic stimulation may have important protective effects during hypertension. The role of cholinergic nerves in regulation of CBF has not yet been clarified. PMID- 7238913 TI - Cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization following opening of the blood-brain barrier and during maturation of the rat brain. AB - This paper reviews that relation between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) under normal conditions of altered functional activity, following disruption of the blood-brain barrier by osmotic stress or hypertension, and during development and maturation of the rat brain. rCBF usually increases in parallel with LCGU when neuronal activity in the central nervous system increases. However, disruption of the blood-brain barrier disturbs this coupling between rCBF and LCGU. the blood-brain barrier, which is located at the continuous cerebrovascular endothelium, protects against brain edema and helps to maintain normal cerebral metabolism. When the barrier is disrupted by osmotic stress or by hypertension, LCGU increases markedly, due to increased neuronal activity, and brain edema develops. rCBF does not increase, however, possibly because brain edema prevents cerebral vasodilatation. rCBF and LCGU follow separate time courses during development and maturation of the rat brain. Both parameters increase between the ages of 1 and 3 months, but rCBF continues to rise from 3 to 12 months when LCGU simultaneously falls. The divergent time courses of these two parameters of brain functional activity may reflect an age-related change in the sensitivity of the cerebrovascular bed to metabolic factors that regulate rCBF. PMID- 7238915 TI - [Effect of bicuculline application to the superior cerviclal segments of the spinal cord and the scratch reflex]. PMID- 7238914 TI - Prostaglandins in physiological and in certain pathological responses of the cerebral circulation. AB - The most abundant prostaglandin produced by brain tissue varies from species to species. The most abundant prostaglandin produced by brain microvessels is PGI2, PGG2, PGH2, PGI2, PGE2, PGD2, and arachidonic acid dilated cerebral arterioles. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin, AHR-5850), in doses that reduced prostaglandin synthesis substantially, did not affect resting vascular caliber and did not influence the responses of cerebral arterioles to arterial hypoxia, arterial hypercapnia, or arterial hypocapnia, suggesting that prostaglandins are not involved in the mediation of these responses. The vasodilator action of vasoactive intestinal peptide on cerebral arterioles was blocked by these cyclooxygenase inhibitors. The cerebral arteriolar damage induced by fluid percussion brain injury was inhibited by pretreatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors, or with free radical scavengers. Topical application of arachidonic acid or PGG2, reproduced the damage seen with brain injury. These findings show that prostaglandins are mediators of the cerebral arteriolar damage due to brain injury and that their mechanism of action is dependent on the generation of free oxygen radicals. PMID- 7238916 TI - [Effect of stimulation of the posterior portion of the hypothalamus on the ratio of conditioned to unconditioned reflexes]. PMID- 7238917 TI - [Effect of electric stimulation and partial destruction of individual subcortical structures on higher nervous activity in epilepsy patients]. PMID- 7238918 TI - [Effect of parasympathetic denervation of the stomach on the level of intracellular (lysosomal) enzymes of its mucosa]. PMID- 7238919 TI - [Nature of lipid metabolism alterations in rabbits of different ages with experimental renal hypertension]. PMID- 7238920 TI - [Mechanism of action of splenin]. PMID- 7238921 TI - [Immunologic characteristics of immune serum to ischemic toxin]. PMID- 7238922 TI - [Functional state of leukocytes in different diseases]. PMID- 7238923 TI - [Functional activity of the antiperoxide glutathione catalytic system of the blood of persons of different ages]. PMID- 7238924 TI - [Reaction of peripheral blood of rats to exposure to general vertical vibration]. PMID- 7238925 TI - [Effect of triiodothyronine on certain indices of fluid volume regulation in animals]. PMID- 7238926 TI - [Response of rat testes to repeated exposure to a combination of hypercapnia, hypoxia, and cooling]. PMID- 7238927 TI - [Normal urinary estrogen excretion during the course of a work shift]. PMID- 7238928 TI - [Mediators of inflammation and vascular permeability in the early phase of acute experimental pleurisy]. PMID- 7238929 TI - [Open method of gas exchange in small laboratory animals]. PMID- 7238930 TI - [Myocardial contraction and central hemodynamics following 90% blood flow compromise in the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery]. PMID- 7238931 TI - [Interaction of homeometric and heterometric systems of regulating myocardial contractility]. PMID- 7238932 TI - [Correlation between the strength-duration relationship (Frank-Starling phenomenon) and the inotropic state of the heart]. PMID- 7238933 TI - [Contractile capacity of bundles of glycerinated fibers, calcium binding and absorption by fragmented myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum following hypothalamic stimulation]. PMID- 7238934 TI - [Chronoinotropic cardiac autoregulation following hypoperfusion and metabolic blockade]. PMID- 7238935 TI - [Comparative characteristics of structural and functional shifts in the myocardium and coronary vascular bed during development of a focus of immunologic heart damage]. PMID- 7238936 TI - [Cardiohemodynamics and contractile activity of the myocardium in experimental cardiac tamponade]. PMID- 7238938 TI - [Energy production and utilization in the myocardium of patients with acquired heart defects and chronic heart failure]. PMID- 7238937 TI - [Morphologic features of the microhemocirculatory bed and contractile elements of the myocardium in severe coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 7238939 TI - [Effect of diastolic overloading of the right ventricle on its contractility in patients with acquired heart defects]. PMID- 7238940 TI - [Electrical and mechanical activity of in congenital and acquired heart defects]. PMID- 7238941 TI - [Mechanisms of aerobic oxidation disruption in the myocardium following measured compromise of the coronary circulation]. PMID- 7238942 TI - [Calcium transporting system of the myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum in experimental coronary circulatory disorders]. PMID- 7238943 TI - [Dynamics of oxygen tension and contractility of different myocardial layers during brief ischemia]. PMID- 7238944 TI - [Diffusion capacity of the cardiac capillary bed in myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 7238945 TI - [Effect of changes in heart rate on blood supply to intact myocardium during brief local ischemia]. PMID- 7238946 TI - Cultivation and differentiation of haemopoietic CFU-C cells in semisolid medium. AB - The possibilities of cultivating murine bone marrow in semisolid agar and in methyl cellulose were investigated. The proliferative capacity of the haemopoietic CFU-C stem cells were demonstrated. The growth of CFU-C in fresh murine bone marrow and murine marrow short-term preserved at -75 degrees C was compared. The content of cells capable of proliferation was lower and the onset of colony formation was delayed in preserved bone marrow. Procedures appropriate for routine work were employed for evaluating haemopoietic colonies. PMID- 7238947 TI - A contribution to the relationship between tumour cell social behaviour in vitro and malignancy in vivo. AB - Membrane activity of high malignant (grade IV in the immunogenetic test of malignancy) cells was found to continue along the contacting edge after random collision with normal cells in vitro, as demonstrated by the high resolution time lapse cinemicrography. This preservation of surface activity was the main difference in social behaviour of high and low malignant rat tumour cells upon random collision with normal cells in four lines of tumour cells investigated. PMID- 7238948 TI - Cinemicrographic analysis of migration of normal and neoplastic rat cells seeded upon the grooved surface. AB - Time-lapse cinemicrography was employed for the study of the early behaviour of normal and neoplastic rat cells seeded upon the grooved surface. Lewis rat embryo fibroblasts and two neoplastic clonal lines, fibroblastoid LW13K2 and epithelioid RsK4, were used. Although all cells were spheroids of approximately the same size, differences in their subsequent behaviour was found. LWF cells showed minimal surface motility, produced protrusions towards the side slopes of the groove only and migrated after the reliable attachment had been established, even in the non-well-spread form, directly off the groove. Some LW13K2 cells showed increased surface motility of the zeiotic type. Attachment was attempted at the side slopes of the groove only with subsequent migration from the groove. Migration of LW13K2 in comparison with normal fibroblasts was less directional as they eventually returned to the groove bottom. RsK4 cells were seen already scattered around the bottom of the groove in the non-well-spread form with zeiotic activity. Oscillation of the whole cell was observed which is suspected to cause their displacement off the groove by elastic rebounding from each other just after seeding. They completed spreading into a polygonal form within an hour and a half after seeding, even at the bottom of the groove. Colcemid treatment did not substantially alter migration of either cells off the groove. Vacuum coating of the grooved surface with carbon strengthened cell-to-substrate adhesion. Thus the diminished adhesiveness of the surface at the bottom of the groove and its particular geometrical configuration make the substrate in the direction parallel to the groove bottom less accessible to contacts with the cell surface. These factors together with different adhesiveness and organization of contractile structures of neoplastic cells appeared to be responsible for their decreased migration from the groove. PMID- 7238949 TI - Electrical properties and ability to form low-resistance junctions in rat neoplastic cells LW13K2 and RsK4. AB - Clonal lines of Lewis rat neoplastic fibroblastoid LW13K2 cells and epithelioid RsK4 cells were used to study the changes in membrane potential, input resistance and the capability to form low-resistance junctions upon RSV transformation. The drop of MP in RsK4 cells was accompanied by the acquisition of temperature dependence. The input resistance was simultaneously increased. This was considered to be a consequence of the decrease in potassium current across the cell membrane and of a change in the mechanism of potassium transport which became energy dependent. Examination of fluorescent tracer (n.w. 330) diffusion which was negative in the homotypic situation in both cell lines confirmed only the relative independence of these cells in culture. In the heterotypic situation LW13K2 in contact with normal mouse embryo fibroblasts gave positive results whereas RsK4 were almost negative. PMID- 7238950 TI - The occurrence of paracrystalline inclusions in oocytes and trophocytes of the ovary of Tetrodontophora bielanensis (Waga) (Collembola). PMID- 7238951 TI - Comparative studies on the chromosomes of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) and the American eel (Anguilla rostrata Le Sueur). PMID- 7238952 TI - Description of the Polish primitive horse (Equus gmelini, forma silvatica Vet.) karyotype using G- and C-banding techniques. PMID- 7238953 TI - Effect of vitamin C on the leucocyte count in immature pigeons. PMID- 7238954 TI - A method for the enhancement of bi- and trispermic fertilization in eggs of Xenopus laevis. PMID- 7238955 TI - Augmentation of antitumour activity of xenogeneic antiserum by normal xenogeneic spleen cells in mice. PMID- 7238956 TI - Investigations on the biology of the tick Argas (Agras) polonicus Siuda, Hoogstraal, Clifford et Wassef, 1979 ((Acarina: Ixodides: Argasidae). 3. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on embryonic development and egg hatch. PMID- 7238957 TI - [Determination of urinary 3 alpha, 5 beta-tetrahydroaldosterone as a parameter of aldosterone secretion in hypersensitive patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238958 TI - Fever in children. PMID- 7238959 TI - Advances in dental technology and their implication for dental education and practice in the future. PMID- 7238960 TI - Drug therapy and the geriatric patient. PMID- 7238961 TI - Patient compliance. PMID- 7238962 TI - [Investigations on hepatopathies in correlation wih vitiligo (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238964 TI - [Radiotherapy of mammary cancer skin metastases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238963 TI - [Multiple granular-cell schwannoma of the skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7238965 TI - [Photosensitization effect of 5- or 8-methoxypsoralen on human cultured lymphocytes]. PMID- 7238966 TI - [Time course of a fatal photosensitization effect of PUVA therapy on human lymphocytes]. PMID- 7238967 TI - The role of hemolymph in the initial cellular attachment to foreign cells by the hemocytes of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. PMID- 7238969 TI - Changes in serum proteins of mice after splenectomy or immunization. PMID- 7238968 TI - Antigen trapping in Ambystoma Mexicanum. Role of secondary lymphoid organs. PMID- 7238970 TI - The presence of copper in a purified lectin from Limulus polyphemus: possible new role for hemocyanin. PMID- 7238971 TI - Sex-specific agglutination of fish red blood cells by sea urchin coelomic fluid. PMID- 7238972 TI - The presence of plasma cells in the lamprey (Agnatha). PMID- 7238973 TI - Estradiol, progesterone and plasma lipids during the menstrual cycle. AB - Epidemiological data tend to relate some of the sex differences in plasma lipid levels to the physiological secretion of estrogens and progesterone. The influence of sex hormones on plasma lipoprotein metabolism has not been extensively investigated. Precise correlation between plasma lipids and circulating hormones levels are still lacking. The short term effect on plasma lipids of large variations in estradiol and progesterone plasma levels occurring during the menstrual cycle has been studied in eight fertile women over a total of 18 cycles. Concentrations of plasma lipids, particularly triglycerides and HDL cholesterol levels were remarkably stable in the three hormonal situations studied, namely during menstruation (low estradiol and progesterone levels), in the follicular phase of the cycle (high estradiol and low progesterone levels) and in the luteal phase (high estradiol and progesterone levels). Considerable variation of plasma estradiol levels (400%) did not modify, the plasma lipid values on a short term basis (8-21 days). The physiological role of 17-beta estradiol and progesterone in the sex differences of blood lipid levels remains to be clarified. If this metabolic effect exists, it does not seen to be influenced by short term variation in hormone levels. PMID- 7238974 TI - [A study of the knowledge of diabetics (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred and forty five diabetics regularly attending a hospital clinic were submitted to a questionnaire assessing their knowledge of diabetes. The patients had previously been instructed in urine glucose analysis, insulin injections, diet and hypoglycaemic attacks. Despite this, they appeared to be neither better controlled nor more painstaking with their disease than before education. The replies to the questionnaire revealed that the patients had poor understanding of the symptoms and of the long-term complications of diabetes, of the criteria of good control, and of the proportion of carbohydrate in common food. Moreover, they held many fallacious ideas with regard to these concepts. The results suggest that although these diabetics had acquired sufficient knowledge to avoid the acute metabolic disturbances of diabetes and to lead a day-to-day existence with a minimum of harmful effects, they were not properly aware of the long-term consequences of diabetes and of the overall strategy for the good management of their disease. An improved educational strategy appears necessary to enable diabetics to take better care of themselves. PMID- 7238975 TI - Ammonia metabolism in a family affected by hyperargininemia. AB - A French-Canadian family, with a 14-year old mentally retarded girl, was investigated for hyperargininemia. The girl showed a fasting plasma ammonia N concentration of 100 micrograms/dl (normal : 50.5 +/- 13 micrograms/dl), and a two-hour post protein load level of 183 micrograms/dl (normal : 51.6 +/- 17.6 micrograms/dl). Plasma urea N was lower than normal in the post-load sample. Arginine concentrations were 11 times normal in the plasma, 47 times normal in the urine and 4 times normal in erythrocytes. Measurement of erythrocyte arginase showed only 1% activity in the propositus, and 52-54% in the parents and a sibling as compared to controls. In heterozygous members of the family, the Km (arginine) was similar to controls. Column chromatography of serum amino acids in the propositus showed arginine to be 17.6 S.D. higher than the normal mean. A characteristic cystine-lysinuria pattern of urinary amino acids was also seen. Measurement of other urinary nitrogenous metabolites showed low urinary urea and excessive orotic aciduria. On "normal" food intake, the patient excreted 122 mg of orotic acid/24 h, as against 3.7 mg by the sibling and 3.9 mg by the mother. It is postulated that the level of ornithine in hepatocyte mitochondria is critical to the disposal of carbamyl phosphate. The lack of normal regeneration of ornithine by liver arginase, and an excessive urinary excretion may be responsible for its low mitochondrial concentration. This would cause diversion of unmetabolised carbamyl phosphate towards orotic acid synthesis or ammonia production. PMID- 7238977 TI - Control of gluconeogenesis in chick (Gallus domesticus) isolated hepatocytes: effect of redox state and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) location. PMID- 7238976 TI - Poly(d(A-T)) dependent RNA polymerase activity after treatment of nuclei with micrococcus nuclease. PMID- 7238978 TI - Influence of pH on the kinetic mechanism of chicken liver cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (B form). PMID- 7238980 TI - Initial stages of endogenous DNA degradation in rat liver nuclei isolated and incubated in the presence of Mg2+ or polyamines. PMID- 7238979 TI - Effect of adenosine on gluconeogenesis in the perfused liver of chicken and guinea-pig. PMID- 7238981 TI - Studies on lipid peroxidation in rat liver by copper deficiency. PMID- 7238982 TI - Factors responsible for the inhibitory effect of malate on citrulline formation in rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7238983 TI - Adrenalectomy alters acid-soluble leucine pool in rat kidney and heart. PMID- 7238985 TI - The reaction of poly-L-ornithine with 1-halo-2,4-dinitrobenzenes. PMID- 7238984 TI - 3-ribosyluric acid and nucleotide content of erythroid cells in phenylhydrazine induced anemia in cattle. PMID- 7238986 TI - Glutathione reductase activity of chromatin isolated from mouse spleen nuclei. PMID- 7238987 TI - Comparison of Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars on the basis of isolectin differences. PMID- 7238989 TI - Bifidobacterium bifidus var. Pennsylvanicus growth promoting activity of human milk casein and its derivatives. PMID- 7238990 TI - Molar absorptivity and A(1%)(1 cm) values for proteins at selected wavelengths of the ultraviolet and visible regions - XIX. PMID- 7238988 TI - Some aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in rat lung during the period of growth. PMID- 7238991 TI - A compilation of amino acid analyses of proteins - XVI. Residues per molecule - 13. PMID- 7238992 TI - Stimulation of synthesis of mevalonate-derived nonsterols by ascorbate and glutathione in liver. PMID- 7238993 TI - A study to determine the effect of Betadine Vaginal Cleansing Kit on cervical flora after insertion of an intra-uterine contraceptive device. AB - Twenty-four women with negative high vaginal swabs, who attended for insertion of an intra-uterine contraceptive device, were randomly allocated to two groups. One group used the Betadine Vaginal Cleansing Kit before and after insertion of the intra-uterine device; the other group did not use any cleansing agent. After 4 to 6 weeks, the patients were re-examined and a cervical swab was taken. The bacteriological findings were of interest and significance. In the study group there was bacterial in only one patient out of the twelve, whereas in the control group there was bacterial growth in ten out of the twelve. The bacteria grown were of doubtful clinical significance, but in certain circumstances they could take a pathogenic role. The marked absence of bacterial growth in the study group is significant because, during a 4 to 6 week period, the cervical mucus remained sterile thus minimizing the risk of pelvic infection during and immediately after insertion. Whether is has any significant effect in the long-term reduction of the incidence of pelvic infection remains to be seen, and further studies are needed. PMID- 7238994 TI - Comparative efficacy of single- and eight-day treatment of urinary tract infections with carfecillin (Uticillin). PMID- 7238995 TI - The effect of Ticlopidine upon platelet function, haemorrhage and post-operative thrombosis in patients undergoing suprapubic prostatectomy. AB - In order to study in its protective effect against post-operative thrombosis, Ticlopidine was administered to one out of two randomized groups of patients undergoing suprapubic prostatectomy. Bleeding time, platelet function, and haematological parameters were followed. Blood loss during operation and post operatively were estimated, transfusions required and subjective tolerance were recorded. Among twenty-six evaluated patients receiving Ticlopidine, positive leg scans were found in four, whereas among twenty patients treated with acenocoumarol post-operatively, positive leg scans were found in seven patients. The difference is not statistically significant, thus Ticlopidine appears to offer a protection against deep venous thrombosis comparable to that of acenocoumarol. A score is introduced for comparison of the results of aggregation tests. Platelet aggregability diminished during the use of the drug, but the adhesiveness was not influenced by Ticlopidine. The bleeding time was prolonged in both groups studied. Ticlopidine did not raise per-operative blood loss and caused only slightly more haematuria post-operatively. The subjective tolerance was good. PMID- 7238996 TI - Effect of pentoxifylline on cerebral blood flow in patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease. AB - The effect of pentoxifylline on cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied with the intravenous 133Xe clearance technique in eleven patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease. Pentoxifylline was administered orally at a dose of 1200 mg/day over a period of 30 days (eight patients) or by intravenous infusion of 100 ml saline containing 400 mg of the drug in 1 hour (three patients). CBF was measured before and after pharmacological treatment. CBF was found to be significantly increased by both acute and chronic administration of pentoxifylline. PMID- 7238997 TI - Theophylline absorption by effervescent activated charcoal (Medicoal). AB - Plasma theophylline concentrations were measured in six volunteers given 675 mg of a sustained-release preparation (Phyllocontin). Significant reductions in both the mean recorded peak theophylline plasma concentrations and the mean 12-hour theophylline bioavailability were observed after the administration of effervescent activated charcoal (Medicoal) in single and multiple doses. These results indicate the potential use of activated charcoal in the management of theophylline poisoning. PMID- 7238998 TI - Dopaminergic control of prolactin mRNA accumulation in the pituitary of the male rat. AB - Dopaminergic control of the expression of the prolactin gene was investigated by administration of bromoergocryptine (CB154) to male rats. The effects of the drug on the following parameters were measured: (i) circulating levels of GH and PRL; (ii) synthesis of GH and PRl measured by pulse labeling pituitary fragments in vitro; (iii) GH and PRL mRNA activities; and (iv) content of PRL and mRNA. After 1 day of CB154 administration, serum PRL fell to undetectable levels whereas it took 3 days to observe a 50% reduction in PRL synthesis. This effect was accounted for by a parallel decrease in PRL mRNA activity and content. GH synthesis and GH mRNA were not affected by the treatment. Our results show that the dopaminergic inhibition of PRL production involves regulation at a pre translational level. PMID- 7238999 TI - Glucocorticoid-induced cell-size changes and nuclear fragility in rat thymocytes. AB - The events preceding glucocorticoid-induced lymphocytolysis have been studied in isolated rat thymocytes. Incubation of thymocytes at 37 degrees C in the presence of 1 microM dexamethasone resulted in the progressive appearance of pyknotic cells of modal diameter 4.5 mum, distinct from normal cells of diameter 5.2 mum. The rate of appearance of the pyknotic cells was determined by selective electronic cell counting, and was shown to be accompanied by increased nuclear fragility. The production of pyknotic cells was glucocorticoid-specific, dose dependent, blocked by cycloheximide, and preceded the loss of cell viability as determined by dye exclusion. The pyknotic cells were separated from the non pyknotic cells by density gradient centrifugation and shown to be solely responsible for the observed nuclear fragility. PMID- 7239001 TI - Modulation by transcortin-like binding sites of uptake and distribution of glucocorticoids by dispersed pituitary cells. AB - The influence of transcortin-like (TL) binding sites on uptake and distribution of glucocorticoids by dispersed pituitary cells was investigated. TL material, which combines corticosterone (CORT), but not dexamethasone (DEX), was previously found to be present on cell membranes and in cytosol of hypophysis. Exposure of cells at 0 degrees brought about striking differences in steroid binding, as labeled CORT was taken up more rapidly and to a significantly greater extent than DEX. This resulted from a higher concentration of binding sites and not from a difference in binding affinity. At 25 and 37 degrees, while the same relationship was apparent during the early events of steroid interaction with the cell, binding of DEX increased gradually with incubation time and finally exceeded that of the natural steroid. Also, time-course studies on nuclear translocation showed a biphasic pattern, which closely paralleled that of whole-cell binding. Interestingly, treatment of rats with transcortin antiserum caused a decrement of pituitary TL sites, as well as of CORT translocation. We conclude that the TL binder, which is probably of plasma origin, may be actively involved in the process of uptake and cellular distribution of corticosteroids in the pituitary gland. PMID- 7239000 TI - Differential interaction of antiestrogens with cytosol estrogen receptors. AB - Interaction of tamoxifen, trioxifene and LY117018 with cytosol-estrogen receptors from immature rat uteri was compared. Determination of relative binding affinity (RBA) by competition with [3H] estradiol under various assay conditions revealed that the RBA of LY117018 increased with temperature while that of trioxifene declined. Furthermore, the RBA values of tamoxifen and trioxifene observed after 24 h of incubation at 4 degrees C were significantly lower than those obtained with 1-h incubations. However RBA values obtained with 1- or 24-h incubations of LY117018 at 4 degrees C were similar. The complex formed by estradiol or LY117018 at 4 degrees was relatively stable for 24 h, while significant dissociation of tamoxifen and trioxifene was detected under these conditions. At 30 degrees C estradiol displayed a biphasic pattern of dissociation, but tamoxifen and trioxifene dissociated rapidly and little evidence of a stable phase was apparent. By contrast, the complex formed by LY117018 exhibited greater stability than that of estradiol at 30 degrees C. These results establish a relationship between shifts in competition curves (RBA) and rates of dissociation relative to estradiol; and clearly reveal that LY117018 has different binding characteristics than tamoxifen and trioxifene. PMID- 7239002 TI - Isopycnic banding in metrizamide of the uterine cytosol and nuclear estradiol receptor. AB - We have characterized the cytosol and the nuclear estrogen receptors (RE) of immature lamb uterus and their complexes formed with DNA and chromatin by using metrizamide isopycnic gradients. In low salt, the cytosol RE had a density of 1.238 +/- 0.002 g/cm3. This density was increased by Ca2+-activated proteolysis (1.275 g/cm3) and heat transformation of the receptor (1.257 g/cm3) and lowered by trypsin treatment (1.20 g/cm3), DNA binding (1.20 g/cm3) or molybdate treatment. In high salt (0.5 M KCl) both the native and the heat-"transformed" cytosol RE banded at the same density of 1.26 g/cm3. The 8S RE had the same density when bound to E2 or to 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen. Endometrial nuclei purified after nuclear translocation of RE were digested by micrococcal nuclease to solubilize the nuclear RE under low salt conditions. The majority of the extracted nuclear RE had a density similar to that of the 8S cytosol RE (1.239 +/ 0.002) and thus was different from the proteolyzed and heat "transformed" forms. Conversely, after a slight digestion of the nuclei, RE banded with chromatin at 1.208 +/- 0.001 g/cm3. In low salt, both forms of the nuclear RE, but not the trypsin proteolyzed nuclear RE, were displaced by naked DNA added in vitro. We conclude that the cytosol RE and the free nuclear RE have, in low salt, the same density and DNA-binding ability and that metrizamide isopycnic analysis is a good method for quantifying the interactions of the receptor with DNA and chromatin. PMID- 7239003 TI - Small doses of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone mimic the effects of 5 alpha androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol on acid phosphatase activity in the adult rat prostate gland. AB - These studies were designed to further investigate whether 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol was exerting unique effects on rat prostate acid phosphatase activity or could possibly be exerting its actions by a small peripheral conversion to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Intraperitoneal administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in doses of 1 mg, 100 microgram or 50 microgram per day starting 7 days after castration led to the restoration of normal characteristics of acid phosphatase activity. However, when 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone was given in a dose of only 25 microgram per day starting 7 days after castration, the changes in acid phosphatase activity were indistinguishable from those found when 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol was administered in a dose of 2 mg per day. This suggests that the effects of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol can be explained by its conversion to small amounts of 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone. PMID- 7239004 TI - Follicular modulation during oocyte development in an insect: formation and modification of septate and gap junctions. PMID- 7239005 TI - Synthesis of stage-specific glycoproteins in Dictyostelium discoideum during development. PMID- 7239006 TI - Program of early development in the mammal: synthesis of mitochondrial proteins during oogenesis and early embryogenesis in the mouse. PMID- 7239007 TI - Synthesis of heat-shock proteins in developing sea urchins. PMID- 7239008 TI - In vitro measurements of RNA polymerase activity in implanting and delayed implanting mouse embryos. PMID- 7239009 TI - Degradation of early synthesized proteins in imbibed dormant and afterripened Agrostemma githago L. embryos. PMID- 7239011 TI - Post-transcriptional regulation of protein synthesis in Ilyanassa embryos and isolated polar lobes. PMID- 7239010 TI - Development of the chick embryo mesoblast: morphogenesis of the prechordal plate and cranial segments. PMID- 7239012 TI - Neurotrophic factor: characterization and partial purification. PMID- 7239013 TI - Lipid patterns of embryonal carcinoma cell lines and their derivatives: changes with differentiation. PMID- 7239014 TI - Astrocytes, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes develop on schedule in dissociated cell cultures of embryonic rat brain. PMID- 7239015 TI - Axial structure development in ultraviolet-irradiated (notochord-defective) amphibian embryos. PMID- 7239016 TI - Nerve commitment in Hydra. I. Role of morphogenetic signals. PMID- 7239017 TI - Nerve commitment in Hydra. II. Localization of commitment in S phase. PMID- 7239019 TI - Localization of electrical excitability in the early embryo of Dentalium. PMID- 7239018 TI - Spatial pattern of nerve differentiation in Hydra is due to a pattern of nerve commitment. PMID- 7239020 TI - The rate of synthesis of histone mRNA during the development of sea urchin embryos (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus). PMID- 7239021 TI - Modulation of myosin heavy chain turnover by spontaneous action potential generation in cultured dysgenic (mdg) muscle. PMID- 7239022 TI - Quantifying click stimuli in auditory brainstem response audiometry. PMID- 7239024 TI - Editorial: clinical use of auditory brain stem response: issues and answers. PMID- 7239025 TI - Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) with suspected deaf-blind children. AB - Auditory brainstem response (ABR) results with 82 severely developmentally delayed infants and children suspected of being both deaf and blind are reported. Of the 79 children on whom acceptable ABR data were obtained, 34 or 43.0% had ABR thresholds in the normal-hearing range; 16 or 20.3% in the mild-to-moderate loss range; and 3 or 3.8% in the severe loss category. Twenty-six or 32.9% produced no ABR to clicks at a maximum intensity of 90 bB HL. On the basis of established audiological and neurological diagnostic criteria, 3 children showed neurological abnormality by ABR. We conclude that the hearing status of a high percentage of otherwise untestable children can be determined by ABR, that a significant number of infants and children who appear deaf are in fact not hearing impaired, and that the occurrence of brainstem neuropathology in this population is limited. PMID- 7239023 TI - Technical aspects of brainstem evoked potential audiometry using tones. AB - The brainstem response to brief tones contains a large vertex-positive component. If high-pass filter settings above 20 Hz are used, particularly with high rolloff slopes, the morphology of the response changes so that a vertex-negative wave becomes the most prominent component of the response. The amplitude of the response is unaffected by stimulus presentation rates of up to 35/sec. Tones with longer rise times have greater frequency specificity, but at rise times of greater than 5 msec, the brainstem response becomes very small. At high intensities, regardless of the rise time, the response to tones is not completely frequency specific, and notched noise masking should be used to obtain frequency specific responses. PMID- 7239026 TI - The influence of reference electrode position on recordings of the auditory brainstem responses. AB - The general routine for recording the auditory brainstem responses (ABR) includes the use of earlobe electrodes as reference. Electrically linked electrodes on each side of the neck are almost indifferent with regard to the ABR, and such electrodes were used as reference in an analysis of the response patterns at the vertex and both earlobes. These contribute very significantly to conventional recordings, and it is preferable to use an indifferent electrode as reference for the active vertex electrode. If this measurement is supplemented with a differential recording between the 2 earlobes, the N1 of the whole nerve action potential and other parts of the early ABR are easy to identify and the diagnostic possibilities in pathological cases will be improved. PMID- 7239027 TI - Ontario hospitals study Krever on confidentiality. PMID- 7239028 TI - Confidentiality guidelines receive favorable response. PMID- 7239029 TI - Health and the law: safety and security. PMID- 7239030 TI - The invisible fire safety feature-attitude. PMID- 7239031 TI - How to handle a hostage-taking incident. PMID- 7239032 TI - Absolute safety: a modern myth. PMID- 7239035 TI - Health technology evaluation in the U.S.: the N.I.H. Consensus Development Program. PMID- 7239033 TI - Adopting a quality assurance program. PMID- 7239034 TI - Employee counselling program proves itself. PMID- 7239036 TI - Humanizing hospital design. PMID- 7239038 TI - Insight into offsite planning. PMID- 7239039 TI - Reducing ventilation in patient rooms for energy conservation. PMID- 7239040 TI - Family-centered maternity care: the Canadian picture. PMID- 7239037 TI - New models in ambulatory care. PMID- 7239041 TI - The "birthing room" alternative. PMID- 7239043 TI - Health technology evaluation in the U.S. current studies. PMID- 7239042 TI - Managing forms to manage the hospital. PMID- 7239044 TI - An exploration of environmental variables and patient falls. PMID- 7239045 TI - Acute, reversible autonomic nervous system abnormalities in juvenile insulin dependent diabetes. A pupillographic study. AB - Autonomic nervous function was studied by infrared TV-pupillography in nine insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with 0 to 3 years duration of diabetes, during poor and good metabolic control. During poor control there was no change in the latency time, the maximal contraction velocity or the amplitude of the light response, whereas the redilatation time was prolonged by 28%, from 2.26 +/- 0.27 to 2.90 +/- 0.58 s (mean +/- SD) (2p = 0.012). The pupil size after adaptation to darkness was unchanged, but the light induced pupillary unrest was reduced by 35% from 1.68 +/- 0.62 to 1.10 +/- 0.36 mm2 (2p = 0.0037), and the degree of miosis in continuous illumination was reduced by 47% from 0.32 +/- 0.13 to 0.17 +/- 0.08 (2p = 0.0011), during metabolic derangement. The study has thus demonstrated reversible changes in autonomic nervous function, which are related to the diabetic metabolic state and thereby analogous to the previously well established reversible functional changes in the somatic nervous system in early diabetes. PMID- 7239046 TI - Of genes and proliferative retinopathy. PMID- 7239047 TI - How much carbohydrate? PMID- 7239048 TI - The prevalence of chlorpropamide alcohol flushing in non-insulin dependent diabetics. PMID- 7239050 TI - [Depressive symptoms in gastroenterology: a controlled study]. PMID- 7239049 TI - Delayed menarche as an indicator of a prediabetic state. PMID- 7239051 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of contrast media. I. Response in normal subjects]. PMID- 7239052 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of contrast media. II. Response in patients with coronary disease]. PMID- 7239054 TI - [Determination of antithrombin III in a group workers with long-term exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2)]. PMID- 7239053 TI - [Experience in the ambulatory treatment of primary arterial hypertension with a fixed oxprenolol-chlorthalidone combination]. PMID- 7239055 TI - [Hypokinesia, the coagulation-fibrinolysis system and atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7239056 TI - [Comparative studies of the effects of the diuretics, fenquizone and chlorthalidone, in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7239058 TI - [Hepatic lesions in drug addiction]. PMID- 7239057 TI - [Classification of chronic viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7239059 TI - [The incidence of serum anti-HBc and anti-HBs and tissue HBcAg in patients with HBsAg-negative hepatopathy]. PMID- 7239060 TI - [Structure of the analysers for dynamic electrocardiography and prospects of development]. PMID- 7239061 TI - [The role of the dynamic ECG in monitoring anti-arrhythmia and anti-anginal therapy]. PMID- 7239062 TI - [Indications, advantages and limitations of ambulatory monitoring of ECG]. PMID- 7239063 TI - [How to define normality of the dynamic electrocardiogram. Differences from the traditional electrocardiogram]. PMID- 7239065 TI - [The dynamic electrocardiogram in the evaluation of ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 7239064 TI - [Artifacts in dynamic electrocardiography]. PMID- 7239066 TI - [The dynamic electrocardiogram in insurance medicine]. PMID- 7239068 TI - [Organization of a dynamic electrocardiography service]. PMID- 7239069 TI - [Preparation of the patient for ambulatory monitoring of the electrocardiogram]. PMID- 7239067 TI - [The dynamic ECG in the study of patients with syncope]. PMID- 7239070 TI - [Ambulatory monitoring of the electrocardiogram. Relations between the hospital and the territory. The opinion of extra-hospital cardiologists]. PMID- 7239071 TI - [The dynamic electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of transitory myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 7239072 TI - [Legality and medicolegal aspects of exercise tests]. PMID- 7239073 TI - [Exertion without angina in angina of effort]. PMID- 7239074 TI - Dynamic ECG in normal subjects. AB - A study by dynamic electrocardiography has been carried out for 24 hours on 100 healthy subjects (50 males and 50 females), of ages included between 20 and 70 years. Recording were carried out during an average working day. Average high, mean and low heart rates have been calculated in the 24 hours, at various times of the day, during mental work, physical effort, sexual activity (20 cases) and sleep. Sinus arrhythmias of various degrees (bradycardia, S-A blocks) have been observed overall in 16% of cases. Incidence was higher in younger subjects (12%) as compared with the older group (4%), and during sleep (75%) as compared to periods of wakefulness (25%). Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias hae occurred respectively in 20 and 21% of all subjects. Both types of arrhythmias (S.V. and V.) occurred more frequently in older subjects (34 and 32%) as compared to the younger group (10 and 5%). Supraventricular ectopic beats were more frequent during wakefulness (59.3%) rather than during sleep (40.7%); vice-versa, ventricular ectopic beats have been noticed to appear more frequently during sleep (74.5%), than during wakefulness (25.5%). Overall, arrhythmias have not been common (less than 500 ectopic beats/24 hours and less than 50 ectopic beats/hour), and only rarely they were repetitive. During our study we have observed ST changes or upward deviation, but in all cases a definite pathological significance was missing. PMID- 7239075 TI - [Prevalence of arterial hypertension in the community. Experience of the province of Veneto]. AB - In the context of a W.H.O. Community Control Program of Hypertension, 15.187 subjects aged 20-64 years were examined in three distinct areas of the Veneto region: Camposampiero (Padua), Valdagno (Vicenza) and Mirano (Venice). The prevalence of hypertension was evaluated according to W.H.O. criteria. The prevalence of the three forms of hypertension "systolic only", "diastolic only" and "systo-diastolic together", the difference according to sex and the correlation with age were also calculated. In particular the correlation with age was evaluated in four arbitrary classes of relative weight. The mean prevalence of hypertension into the three samples was 30.7%. The most common form was "systo diastolic together" (15.5%). The prevalence of hypertension was higher in males and increased with age in both sexes. A positive association between the prevalence of hypertension and the age was observed in all the three classes of relative weight. This association was more noticeable in the classes of a higher relative weight. The association between weight and prevalence of hypertension is discussed in view of a primary prevention of hypertension. The results obtained clearly show the extent of the effort involved in order to control hypertension in the community. PMID- 7239077 TI - [The atrial vectorcardiogram at rest and during exercise. Comparison, by computerized analysis, of normal subjects and patients with mitral stenosis]. AB - This study on rest and exercise atrial vectorcardiogram (Frank method) was carried out on a group of 27 healthy volunteers (Group A) and on a group of 24 patients with mitral stenosis (Group B). All 51 subjects were women. Our original program was performed using a Hewlett Packard 2100 computer. The pattern recognition of every wave was carried out by analysing a particular function obtained by translating the X, Y, Z leads on the line joining the T-P, P-Q, ST segments. In the group B on rest a significant correlation between atrial vectorcardiogram parameters and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was not present. Between both group A and B the vectorcardiographic data were greatly superposables. It is difficult, because of the great interindividual variability of results obtained, to have very discriminant vectorcardiographic parameters between group A and group B on rest and during exercise, performed in the supine position with a bicycle ergometer. In the both groups A and B the exercise induces a significant increase of spatial magnitude of maximal P xyz vector (max P xyz) and maximal P amplitude on frontal and sagittal planes, with P loop shifting towards a vertical position. The following significant results were observed only in group B of mitral patients: 1) an increase of P wave duration; 2) an increase of the interval between the two peaks of P wave (measurable only in group B); 3) an increase in the amplitude and backward rotation of max P xyz azimuth and of the maximal vector backward directed on horizontal (H) plane; 4) an increase of P loop linear, tangential and areolar velocities. The P loop anterior and posterior area on H plane and of the spatial P xyz vectors changes during exercise were directionally similar in the normal group and in the patients with mitral stenosis. These results suggest a little diagnostic power of the P wave area changes during exercise. In both groups maximal atrial T vector increases with exertion, but only in group B migrates backward on H plane, suggesting an atrial gradient directed towards the left atrium. PMID- 7239076 TI - [Diabetic cardiomyopathy in preclinical phase. Polycardiographic and echocardiographic study (author's transl)]. AB - Eighteen selected diabetic patients, without symptoms or signs of cardiac diseases and a control group of 15 normal subjects, age and sex matched, underwent polycardiographic and echocardiographic study, with the aim to evaluate their systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle. PEP, LVET and PEP/LVET ratio were determined on the polycardiographic tracings. In eleven diabetic patients these data were also determined after amyl nitrite inhalation. Left ventricular diastolic dimension (DD), LV systolic dimension (DS), ejection fraction (EF), VCF, fractional shortening (FS), mitral opening delay (MOD) and the relaxation speed of the left ventricular posterior wall were determined on the echocardiographic tracings. All these data underwent statistical analysis by Student test, and some significant differences were found between diabetic patients and normal subjects. The mean value of PEP was augmented (diabetic patients: 100 +/- 18 msec; normal subjects: 88 +/- 9 msec; p 0,05), while the mean value of LVET was diminished (diabetic patients: 275 +/- 22 msec; normal subjects: 300 +/- 23 msec; p less than 0,005); the PEP/LVET ratio was, therefore, increased in diabetic patients (diabetic patients: 0,37 +/- 0,08; normal subjects: 0,29 +/- 0,04; p less than 0,005). Of all echocardiographic data only MOD (diabetic patients: 54 +/- 31 msec; normal subjects: 14 +/- 21 msec; p less than 0,001) was significantly increased in diabetic patients. The feasibility and reliability of polycardiographic and echocardiographic techniques in detecting early myocardial disfunction is discussed and the accurate selection of patients in order to exclude other myocardiopathies in pointed out. It is then concluded that diabetic patients, in comparison with normal subjects, show an impairment of both systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle, exclusively depending on diabetes. PMID- 7239078 TI - [Correlations between exercise tests and calculation of energy indices during a training program in the ambulatory period of a stabilized posterior myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7239079 TI - [Positive exercise test in the absence of pain. Characteristic of a high-risk population?]. AB - 157 consecutive patients (pts) with suspected coronary artery disease and an ischemic ecg response during exercise test (ET) were studied. During ET 61 of them (group I) had neither chest pain nor anginal equivalent, while 96 (group II) experienced angina. There were no significant differences between the two groups in regard to age, sex, prior myocardial infarction, history of angina or hypertension. During ET pts of group I tolerated a higher work load (group I 3467 Kpm, group II 2594 Kpm, P less than 0,05) and had a higher maximal heart rate (group I 128,3 b/min, group II 120,4 b/min, P less than 0,05) with a more marked ST segment depression (group I 2,4 mm, group II 1,8 mm, P less than 0,01) and with a more elevated incidence of arrhythmias (group I 18%, group II 7%, P less than 0,05). The coronary angiography showed significant obstruction (greater than or equal to 75%) in 91,7% of group I and in 91,6% of group II (prevalence of single vessel disease in group I and multiple vessel disease in group II). No significant difference was found between group I and II in regard to left ventricular ejection fraction (group I 51%, group II 53%), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (group I 12,9 mmHg group II 13,6 mmHg) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (group I 102,3 ml/m2, group II 104,2 ml/m2). We conclude that ST segment depression during ET in asymptomatic pts at risk for cardiovascular disease is predictive of coronary artery disease as in symptomatics. These subjects have, compared with symptomatics, a higher work load tolerance but with more marked ecg ischemic changes and more frequent arrhythmias during ET, thus representing a group of coronary population at potentially higher risk. PMID- 7239081 TI - [Specificity and sensitivity of pulmonary valve motion in echocardiographic examination as an index of pulmonary hypertension]. AB - Many investigation have been made to establish the role of echocardiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension based on some parameters derived from the pulmonic valve leaflet echo motion. By observing 160 echo tracings of pulmonary valve motion, the authors calculated the specificity, sensibility and predictive value of these parameters as predictor of pulmonary hypertension, comparing echo data with corresponding haemodynamic determination of pulmonary artery systolic, diastolic and mean pressure and the degree of pulmonary vascular resistances. By means of the statistical analysis of variance correlation between "a" wave depth and severity of pulmonary hypertension was made. "A" wave depth and RPEP/RVET ratio resulted quite sensitive and highly specific indices of pulmonary hypertension, in particular "a" wave depth proved to correlate very well with the level of pulmonary artery systolic, diastolic and mean pressure and with the degree of pulmonary vascular resistances. Highly specific, but not always detectable, was the presence of a midsystolic notch. In conclusion, pulmonary valve echo motion detected by M-mode technique provides useful index of pulmonary hypertension, chiefly by the measurement of "a" wave depth which can also predict its severity. PMID- 7239080 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of nifedipine in association with nitroderivatives and betablocking drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7239083 TI - [Study of the inotropic effect of potassium-canrenoate by systolic time intervals technique (author's transl)]. AB - Systolic time intervals (TS) were determined before and after intravenous injection of 400 mg of Potassium-Canrenoate (CK) in 33 patients 30 days after acute myocardial infarction, in order to evaluate the inotropic effect of this drug. It was observed a reduction of the pre-ejection period (I. PEP) and of the pre-ejection period/left ventricle ejection time (PEP/LVET) ratio without any significant changes in the electromechanical systole (I. Q-2), left ventricle ejection time (I. LVET) and isometric contraction time (ICT). These results do not allow to attribute positive inotropic effect to CK. In fact drugs which share this activity, like digitalis glycosides, shorten also I. Q-S2, I. LVET and ICT, with a reduction of I. PEP and PEP/LVET ratio by far greater than that determined by CK. TS determination, in 10 patients, 15, 30 and 45 min after the injection of CK yields results confirming these conclusions. PMID- 7239084 TI - High resolution magnetocardiography. Non-invasive investigation of the His Purkinje system activity in man. PMID- 7239082 TI - [An isometric exercise for the diagnosis of chronic obliterating arteriopathies of the lower extremities]. AB - A non invasive method for the diagnosis of occlusive diseases of the peripheral arteries and the follow-up of therapy is proposed. The method consists in the performance of an isometric effort of the inferior limbs and the Doppler detection of the dorsalis pedis systolic pressure. 41 patients with different degrees of peripheral artery involvement have been studied and the results compared with those obtained in a control group of 12 normal subjects, equally matched for ages and sex. In the normal subjects the maximal dorsiflection of the feet for 30 seconds caused a mean increase of the heart rate of 20% and no changes of the systolic blood pressure. In the patients with peripheral artery disease the isometric effort caused, contemporary to the increase of the heart rate, a decrease of the dorsalis pedis systolic pressure, that varied from 15 to 100% according to the degree of the arterial involvement. A close correlation was found between the degree of the percent reduction of peripheral systolic pressure and the entity of the arterial involvement, as evidenced by other invasive and non-invasive methods. The method proposed appears useful for a proper diagnosis of peripheral vascular diseases in those patients who cannot undergo invasive investigations or the treadmill effort test. PMID- 7239085 TI - [Syphilitic aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. Considerations on 2 cases]. AB - Abdominal aortic aneurysm have been considered in the modern literature only arteriosclerotic, apart from any possibility of superimposed bacterial infections. In 2 cases, after the hystological study on the aneurysmatic wall the Authors have found typical syphilitic lesions. both didn't have positive historical data and in one only serological tests were positive. This observation calls the attention on the importance of such an insidious pathology which is still present in spite of the decrease of the luetic epidemiology. It happens mainly in patients ignoring to be carriers of a remote infection or in those inadequately treated for it. Even it anamnestical and serological data are negative not only in presence of a thoracic aortic aneurysm but also in presence of an abdominal one, physicians must take syphilis into account in their diagnosis. The mistake comes often from an associated arteriosclerotic process present in elderly patients developing the aortitis a long time after infection. Therefore it is necessary to perform a careful hystological test of the aneurysmatic wall even if macroscopical examination suggests only arteriosclerotic lesions. An hystological evidence of syphilitic aortitis advises a long-term treatment aimed to avoid other localizations. PMID- 7239086 TI - [Mono-dimensional and bi-dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of corrected transposition of the great vessels]. AB - Three patients with corrected transposition of the great arteries (CTGA) have been studied by means of single plane (M-mode) and two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography: the first study was performed after surgical closure of a VSD and the remaining two before cardiac catheterization. The following M-mode findings can suggest the diagnosis in CTGA: the interventricular septum (IVS) may not be visualized, there is lack of continuity between the posterior a-v valve (tricuspid) echoes and the anterior great artery (aorta), the posterior a-v valve leaflets may show some abnormalities in shape. The measurement of systolic time intervals of both semilunar valves can help in distinguishing the pulmonary artery from the aorta; further information can be obtained by means of peripheral venous contrast injection, which, in absence of right-to-left shunt, opacifies the posterior great vessel (pulmonary). The 2-D view of the heart allows the identification of the morphological type of ventricle and of the spatial great arteries relationship. The posteriorly and left located ventricle is recognized as morphologically right, because of the tricuspidal shape of its a-v valve: its attachment to IVS is lower than that of the mitral valve (4-chambers view) and three leaflets may be evident (short-axis); 3 papillary muscles and gross trabeculations can be identified (short axis and 4-chambers views, respectively). In long-axis the anterior vessel (aorta) runs parallel to the sternum; in short axis both vessels are imaged as adjacent circles; by means of peripheral contrast injection, in conditions without right-to-left-shunt, the right and posterior vessel is recognized as a pulmonary artery. The differential diagnosis is discussed with d-transposition, Fallot's tetralogy, Taussig-Bing anomaly, common trunk, univentricular heart. According to our experience, the diagnosis of CTGA and associated defects can be made by M-mode and 2-D echocardiography. PMID- 7239087 TI - [Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta associated with horseshoe kidney. Report of a successfully treated case]. PMID- 7239088 TI - [Unusual echocardiographic aspect of the pulmonary valve in a case of congestive cardiomyopathy]. AB - A 38 years old woman with congestive cardiomyopathy, mild pulmonary hypertension and pulmonic valve unusual M-Mode echocardiographic pattern is described. A very important right ventricle failure, as in our patient, could explain this echocardiographic picture. PMID- 7239090 TI - [The use of pace-makers with programmable frequency in the control of hyperkinetic ventricular "refractory" arrhythmia (author's transl)]. AB - The electrophysiological basis of the treatment of hyperkinetic "refractory" arrhythmias with rate - programmable pacemakers, stems from the pacing-inducted electrophysiological modifications with higher and time programmable threshold rates being obtainable to suppress the arrhythmias. Furthermore antiarrhythmic agents, that must be generally associated, are more safely employed. This is a new application in clinical arrhythmology of a particular type of permanent pacemaker whose classic indications are well known. The Authors report their experience relative to 16 selected patients affected by severe cardiopathies. Three types of pacemakers were employed: Omnis Stanicor Cordis; Microlith C.P.I.; and Byrel A-V Sequential, Medtronic. The results, in term of the suppression of the arrhythmias, were encouraging. The most striking problem is to match the "rate threshold" for the suppression of the arrhythmia with the patient's hemodynamic tolerance: not infrequently in fact the programmed rates are poorly tolerated by the patient either because of heart failure or due to coronary insufficiency. These patients need frequent adjustment of the stimulation rate. The availability of rate programmable pacemakers with steps of one beat per minute, of A-V sequential stimulation and, when feasible of atrial stimulation, undoubtedly plays an important role in clinical arrhythmology. PMID- 7239089 TI - [Corrected transposition of the great vessels in adults. Illustration of 2 cases]. AB - Two patients, 35 and 36 years old respectively, had corrected transposition of the great vessels. They have been added to the nineteen cases above thirty years of age previously reported. The diagnosis and prognosis of the malformation in this age group have been discussed. PMID- 7239092 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of labetalol in patients with acute myocardial infarct and systemic arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7239093 TI - [Use of the computer in echocardiography]. PMID- 7239091 TI - [Hemodynamic changes produced by intravenous bumetanide in congestive heart failure]. AB - The hemodynamic variations brought about by the single intravenous infection of 0,5 mg bumetanide have been studied in 7 patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and in 3 patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, all of them in congestive heart failure. The technique employed has been the right heart micro-catheterization. The following parameters have been studied: heart rate, systemic systolic and diastolic pressures, mean pulmonary pressure, end diastolic pulmonary pressure, total systemic and pulmonary resistances, cardiac index, systolic index, left ventricular systolic work index, timed diuresis, pH, pO2, pCO2, for a four-hours period of observation. Results have been statistically analyzed with the sign test. Bumetanide has brought about a significative reduction of the right pressures and of resistances both in pulmonary and systemic circulations, without any effect on ventricular function indexes. These effects have appeared very early, already within the first 5 m', have remained constant till the end of the experiment and have always preceded the diuretic response. These results allow the view that bumetanide has a double action, initially vascular, then diuretic. PMID- 7239094 TI - [Influence of sleep, wakefulness and some daily activities on ventricular ectopic activity in recent myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - 87 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring sessions were conducted in 71 ambulatory patients (pts) in the early post-hospital phase after acute myocardial infarction. 29 (41%) had anterior, 42 (59%) inferoposterior myocardial infarction, 44 (62%) had angina or asymptomatic ischemia, 7 (10%) were in cardiac failure (II-III class NYHA). The occurrence of ventricular ectopic activity (VEA) during sleep hours was compared to the awake state; VEA during sexual and other activities of the awake state was studied. Excluding pts free of VEA during 24 hour monitoring the number of ventricular mature beats was lowered in 71% of sessions and augmented in 12% during sleep hours (p less than 0.001). Maximal grade of VEA was observed during wakefulness in 62% of session and in 9% during sleep (p less than 0.001); in 9% there was no difference, in 20% no VEA occurred. Total VEA, bi-tri-quadrigeminism and repetitive extrasystoles were significantly reduced during sleep: p less than 0.001, p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01 respectively. This pattern was independent from site of infarction, presence of ischemia, cardiac failure (II-III class NYHA). A discrete correlation was observed between total VEA and heart rate; a poor correlation was seen between total VEA, multiform and repetitive extrasystoles. During wakefulness VEA was mainly related to physical exertion and emotional stress. Sleep and relax periods of the day showed VEA similar to sleeping hours of the night. Sexual activity did not significantly elicit more VEA than other activities of the awake state. Repetitive forms, observed in 8% of the population, were probably related to the rapid increase of sympathetic tone. The absence of repetitive VEA, potentially dangerous, during sleep hours (except the first) not due to antiarrhythmic drugs suggests to increase the dosage of these medications during the awake state in the majority of these pts. PMID- 7239095 TI - [Sclerodermic heart. Report of a case with malignant evolution (author's transl)]. AB - In progressive systemic sclerosis, cardiac involvement, evidenced by histology, is rather unusual and even more rarely it gives clinical manifestations. In our patient cardiac symptoms, characterized by recurrent pulmonary edema as well as by serious conduction defects and arrhythmias, are prevailing and have a rapid and fatal course, whereas the involvement of the skin and of other internal organs is not important. The post-mortem examination gives an evident explanation of the clinical course of the disease, which we can consider as a typical manifestation of sclerodermic heart. PMID- 7239097 TI - [Rupture of interventricular septum and ventricular aneurysm secondary to acute myocardial infarction in a case with normal coronary arteries (author's transl)]. AB - A patient with ventricular septal defect and ventricular aneurysm after an acute myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries is reported. Heart failure at 3 weeks after acute myocardial infarction was the indication for surgical treatment. The patient was successfully operated upon with resection of the aneurysm and closure of the ventricular septal defect. Coronary angiography performed before and after cardiac surgery demonstrated a normal coronary tree with transient systolic subocclusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The implication of a muscular bridge on the complications of myocardial infarction are discussed. PMID- 7239096 TI - [Persistent left superior vena cava. Report of a case discovered at implantation of a permanent pacemaker]. PMID- 7239099 TI - [Torsades de pointe]. PMID- 7239098 TI - [Blood cholesterol and tumors]. PMID- 7239100 TI - [Frontal plane QRS axis determination: reliability of the current methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7239102 TI - [Hourly distribution of episodes of angina at rest. Effect of medical treatment]. AB - Aim of the study was to evaluate whether frequency of myocardial ischemic attacks at rest (IA) had any identifiable distribution during 24-hour periods. Two ECG leads were continuously recorded by an Oxford 4-24 tape recorder for a total of 148 days in 10 patients admitted to CCU because of frequent spontaneous anginal attacks. During 48 days, in absence of therapy, 682 IA were recorded (2.03 per patient per day). They showed a symmetrical bell-shaped distribution curve in the 24 hour periods with a peak occurring at 5 a.m. and 43% of IA from 0 to 6 a.m. Only 25% of IA was symptomatic with the lowest values (10%) between 2 and 6 a.m. Distribution of IA was independent from their distinctive electrocardiographic feature [ST (71%) or T changes]. During 100 days with therapy [Verapamil and/or Isosorbide dinitrate ointment) a marked reduction of episodes was observed (0.64 per patient per day), while their distribution, the incidence of different electrocardiographic patterns and percentage of symptomatic IA remained unchanged. Attenuated incidence, but inalterated distribution of IA with therapy suggest its possible effect on the threshold response of coronary smooth muscle to vasoconstrictor stimuli rather than its primary effect on pathogenetic factors. PMID- 7239101 TI - [Non-reproducibility of some hemodynamic parameters during bicycle ergometric and isometric tests in patients with recent myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7239105 TI - [Systolic times adjustment during pregnancy and puerperium (author's transl)]. AB - During pregnancy and the post partum period important cardiovascular adjustments take place, which for ethical views need a non invasive approach. In the present work we studied the alterations of the Systolic Time Intervals in both supine and lateral decubitus during each trimester and at the fifth day and fifth week after delivery. In the first part of pregnancy a significant reduction of the preejection time (PE) and PE/EVS with an increase of the left ventricular ejection time (EVS) become evident. In the second part the picture reverses to a significantly reduced EVS and increased PE and PE/EVS. This picture even if decreasing, is present in the post partum period. The first part of pregnancy is characterized by a hyperkinetic condition; in the second one the position of the woman becomes important, and the reduction of the EVS is at least partially due to an impaired venous return (compression of the vena cava by the gravid uterus). The persistence of altered systolic time intervals in the post partum (increased PE/EVS) suggest an impaired myocardial performance. PMID- 7239104 TI - [An approach to hypertension in a native population]. AB - In the article the authors illustrate: a) a community detection program designed to identify subjects with high blood pressure for treatment; b) the degree of participation; c) the cost of realization; d) the prevalence of arterial hypertension. A total of 4.149 subjects, or 65% of the examined population over age 8, were screened. The opportunity to have their blood pressure checked were offered with a letter of invitation to a centralized ambulatory. The cost of realization was L. 360 for every screened subject. The prevalence of hypertension was 20.4%. PMID- 7239103 TI - [Study of left ventricular function in chronic volume overload (author's transl)]. AB - Have been studied 51 patients with aortic incompetency (AI), 46 with mitral insufficiency (MI) and 31 with congestive cardiomyopathy (CM) as example of a primitive myocardial lesion. The mean parametres calculated were: the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), the ventricular volumes, the ejection fraction (EF), the end-sistolic pressure-volume ratio (Emax) and the eccentricity. In the chronic volume overload, the relationship between the pump performance and the contractility (EF-Emax) is parabolic with an initial plateau (myocardial failure without circulatory failure); the EF-Emax relationship, in the CM, is linear without a plateau. The LVEDP is a limiting factor of the pump contractility relationship in the AI: for the same value of the contractility, the pump function is greater depressed if the LVEDP is 25 mmHg (loss of the preload modulation); in the MI and CM the depression of the pump performance is a function only of the depressed contractility. The end-systolic eccentricity is correlated with Emax: the changes in the geometrical shape of the left ventricular chamber is due to the depressed contractility. PMID- 7239106 TI - Phonometric approach to the analysis of cardiac acoustic phenomena. AB - The use of phonocardiography is limited by the lack of standardization of acoustical signal pick-up and of the filters. Moreover, quantitative evaluations are not possible. This limits the analysis of acoustic phenomena and makes confrontation between different laboratories impossible. To avoid these drawbacks we have developed a method based on phonometric principles. Heart sounds of twenty for normal subjects were recorded by an air-coupled microphone with the standard 6 ml cavity. The response curve of the microphone is flat from .2 to 8000 Hz. The signal was measured and stored on an analogic tape recorder together with the ECG. For each subject the 3 weighting networks (A, B and C, according to the American National Standard Institute) and the linear recording (SPL) were used and the peak value of every record was written down in dB-peak. The amplitude spectra were obtained through the FFT algorithm. Normal heart sounds reached a high frequency limit of 170 Hz. with a maximum amplitude of 67 dB SPL, 24 dB A, 42 dB B and 59 dB C. Each spectral pattern can provide a useful reference to compare with pathological acoustical findings. PMID- 7239107 TI - [The permanent electrostimulation with ventricular programmable pacemaker (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this study is to evaluate the directions, reliability and long term results of ventricular programmable pacemakers (PPM's). One hundred and ten PPM's, types Cordis and Medtronic, were implanted in 60 patients (pts) with intermittent or paroxysmal 2 degrees, 3 degrees a-v block and in 50 pts with S.S.S., mostly symptomatics, with a follow-up of 45 months. We did not observe either spontaneous or wrong reprogrammations nor circuit failure. In 92% of pts with Omni-Stanicor Cordis PM's, the stimulation was effective at the "lower" current amplitude, hence a longer life of the generator. Eighteen pts (16.3%) needed to raise ventricular rate (average 65 bpm): 6 pts for dizziness, syncopes or cardiac failure; 2 pts to control ventricular arrhythmias; 10 pts for a stable bradycardia lower than 50 bpm. In 11 pts with bradyarrhythmia due to S.S.S., cardiac output (CO) was measured both with thermodilution and echocardiography ("mitral valve echogram", being "r" of the two methods = 0.92), in spontaneous rhythm (63.3 +/- 3.13 bpm) and increasing artificially heart rate to 74.8 +/- 3.0 bpm; CO decreased from 4.65 +/- 0.13 l/min to 3.58 +/- 0.09 l/min, likely for the loss of atrial pumping. Similar results were obtained in other pts evaluated only with echocardiographic method after PM implantation: some of these underwent a further echocardiographic haemodynamic evaluation after 15 days of constant ventricular pacing at a mean rate of 75 bpm, with a different behaviour among them. This emphasizes the utility of PPM's in preserving spontaneous rhythm until bradycardia reaches dangerous levels and also the usefulness of echocardiography to evaluate, haemodinamically, the paced patient's ventricular performance. PMID- 7239109 TI - Provocation of esophageal pain by ergonovine or edrophonium. AB - Ten patients with anginal symptoms and ergonovine-induced chest pain without coronary artery spasm had esophageal manometry with provocative pharmacologic testing. Increased amplitude of esophageal contractions on baseline manometry (68.2 +/- 10.3 mmHg) was the only characteristic discriminating these patients from normals (40.9 +/- 6.3 mmHg) and from patients with esophageal motility disorders (39.6 +/- 7.5 mmHg). The administration of ergonovine or edrophonium provoked typical chest pain in association with high amplitude, long duration, and repetitive esophageal contractions in all 10 patients. Patients with esophageal motor disorders showed a similar, but less marked esophageal response with pain infrequently produced. Normals showed no response to ergonovine, and a minimal response to edrophonium, but without chest pain. Clinical features of patients with ergonovine-induced chest pain could not distinguish them from patients with coronary artery disease; esophageal symptoms were infrequent and mild. These studies suggest that certain patients with chest pain of esophageal origin may be identified only by provocative testing during esophageal manometry. However, these provocative drugs may also induce coronary artery spasm and should not be used during routine clinical manometry. PMID- 7239108 TI - [Clinical usefulness of thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy with dipyridamole pharmacodynamic test in ischemic heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - A clinical evaluation of the dipyridamole in the myocardial perfusional scintigraphy (MPS) was carried out in a series of patients, comprehensive of cases of unstable angina, aiming to assess the feasibility and diagnostic validity of the test and to state its possible role in comparison with exercise stress test. On the whole, 107 subjects were examined (34 with stable angina, 23 with unstable angina, 19 with recent myocardial infarction, 15 with atypical angina, 10 with chest pain of uncertain origin and 6 healthy volunteers), performing 108 scintigraphic studies (48 after dipyridamole infusion and 37 after bicycle exercise). In the studies with physical or pharmacologic stress a redistribution scintigraphy was also performed (4 hour after the injection). The dipyridamole stress test was well tolerated by patients with unstable angina too and showed a diagnostic sensitivity equivalent to that with exercise stress, although the latter appears better as regards image quality and can give an increase of sensitivity provided electrocardiographic findings are evaluated. Post-stress redistribution of 201 Tl in delayed scans was shown either after dipyridamole or after exercise in patients with typical angina without prior infarction. The computation, by the Bayes's theorem, of the predictive value of the two tests leads the Authors to the following conclusions: in atypical angina (prevalence of CAD: about 40%) the association MPS + exercise ECG is preferable; in patients with chest pain of uncertain origin or with asymptomatic electrocardiographic alterations (prevalence of CAD: about 15%) it is better to take into account only the scintigraphic findings obtained after exercise or pharmacologic stress, to avoid an excess of false positive results. PMID- 7239110 TI - Lactose enemas plus placebo tablets vs. neomycin tablets plus starch enemas in acute portal systemic encephalopathy. A double-blind randomized controlled study. AB - A randomized, double-blind comparison of lactose enemas plus placebo tablets vs. starch enemas plus neomycin tablets was performed on 18 patients with acute portal systemic encephalopathy. Ten patients received starch enemas (10%; 1000 ml t.i.d.) plus neomycin tablets and 8 patients received lactose enemas (20%; 1000 ml t.i.d.) plus placebo tablets. A significant mental state improvement was demonstrated in the group of patients treated with starch enemas-neomycin tablets (p less than 0.05) and in the group of patients treated with lactose enemas placebo tablets (p less than 0.025). Both treatments significantly improved the frequency of asterixis, ammonia blood levels, and electroencephalograms. In addition, patients treated with lactose enemas showed significant improvement in number-connection test times (p less than 0.02), and their stools showed a more acid pH (p less than 0.05). No side effects were evident with either treatment. Lactose enemas are a safe and effective treatment for acute portal systemic encephalopathy. PMID- 7239111 TI - The fecal bile acids and sterols of Alligator mississippiensis. PMID- 7239112 TI - Ursodeoxycholic acid oral tolerance test in patients with constitutional hyperbilirubinemias and effect of phenobarbital. AB - An oral tolerance test using a 25-mg dose of ursodeoxycholic acid was carried out in 46 patients with constitutional hyperbilirubinemias: 26 with Gilbert's syndrome, 9 with Dubin-Johnson syndrome, 7 with Rotor Syndrome, 3 with constitutional indocyanine green intolerance, and 1 with Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II; they were compared with 14 healthy control subjects. The integrated area under the curve of increments of serum UDCA above the base line between 0 and 2 h after oral administration was significantly increased in patients with Gilbert's syndrome and Dubin-Johnson syndrome, whereas it was normal in patients with Rotor syndrome and constitutional indocyanine green intolerance. As the area under the curve reflects the hepatic clearance of intestinally absorbed ursodeoxycholic acid and therefore gives a quantitative estimate of hepatic ursodeoxycholic acid clearance, the hepatic clearance of ursodeoxycholic acid seems to be impaired in patients with Gilbert's syndrome and Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Administration of phenobarbital, 100 mg/day for 2 wk, improved the ursodeoxycholic acid tolerance test in concordance with the reduction in serum bilirubin in 9 patients with Gilbert's syndrome studied. If the turnover of ursodeoxycholic acid is representative of that of other bile acids, these findings suggest that the hepatic transport of bile acid is impaired like other anions in patients with certain constitutional hyperbilirubinemias. PMID- 7239114 TI - Scleromalacia perforans in ulcerative colitis. AB - Ulcerative colitis is associated with many ocular complications. The only systemic disease currently recognized to be complicated by scleromalacia perforans is rheumatoid arthritis. A 36-yr-old male is described whose long standing ulcerative colitis was complicated by scleromalacia perforans at a time of disease activity. The scleromalacia was successfully treated with high-dose steroids and total proctocolectomy. PMID- 7239113 TI - Gastroduodenal motility in a case of dystrophia myotonica. AB - A 53-year-old man with dystrophia myotonica developed symptoms of a chronic intestinal motility disorder. Incoordinate small bowel contractions as well as dilated segments were observed on x-ray examination. Gastroduodenal manometry in the fasted state showed contractions of reduced amplitude. A migrating motor complex occurred in the basal state. Pentagastrin and edrophonium injections increased motility; a liquid meal was followed by a normal motor response. The maximum gastric contraction rate (after pentagastrin injection) was 3.8/min. The maximum duodenal contraction rate observed at each duodenal recording site varied between 11.0 and 18.5/min. The lowest rate at each recording site was 11.1, 11.5, 11.0, and 11.2/min, while the fastest rate was 17.6, 16.6, 18.5, and 17.6/min. These maximum rates occurred independently of the rates at adjacent sites and of the drug infusions. The gastroduodenal motor abnormality in this patient thus predominantly affects smooth muscle, with the intrinsic neurons able to release acetylcholine and the muscle capable of responding to it. The results may indicate that electrical control activity in the duodenum intermittently oscillates more rapidly than normal, and when this occurs, phase-locking is absent. We conclude that in dystrophia myotonica there may be a defect in the cell membrane, which can cause more frequent electrical oscillations of the cell; alternatively, there may be a defect in cell-to-cell coupling. PMID- 7239115 TI - Granulomatous hepatitis due to Mycobacterium scrofulaceum: report of a case. AB - A rare case of hepatic granulomatosis due to Mycobacterium scrofulaceum is presented. The prolonged clinical course before liver biopsy was characterized by a disproportionate rise in alkaline phosphatase, moderate hepatomegaly, tiredness, and low-grade fever. Liver biopsy confirmed primary liver granulomatosis in the absence of evidence of pulmonary or systemic involvement. The patient was treated with INH, rifampin, and cycloserine with amelioration of clinical symptoms and return of serum alkaline phosphatase levels to normal. PMID- 7239116 TI - Therapy of portal-systemic encephalopathy: the practical and the promising. PMID- 7239117 TI - Cimetidine impairs the elimination of theophylline and antipyrine. AB - In 7 healthy subjects theophylline and antipyrine elimination were determined before and during a course of oral cimetidine in a dose of 1 g/day. Plasma clearance of theophylline was reduced from 71.2 +/- 10.1 ml/min to 56.0 +/- 18.5 ml/min and the plasma clearance of antipyrine from 53.7 +/- 14.2 ml/min to 48.1 +/- 11.7 ml/min. Elimination half-life of theophylline was prolonged from 5.1 +/- 1.6 to 8.1 +/- 1.4 h. All these changes were statistically significant. Volume of distribution of theophylline (31.7 +/- 8.4 L before and 39.2 +/- 5.6 L during cimetidine administration) and plasma binding of theophylline (44.7 +/- 3.8% before and 44.3 +/- 3.1% during cimetidine administration) were not significantly different. Similarly, volume of distribution of antipyrine (45.8 +/- 14.0 vs. 47.6 +/- 17.9) was not significantly affected by cimetidine administration. We conclude that cimetidine impairs the elimination of theophylline and antipyrine in healthy subjects. PMID- 7239118 TI - Hyperammonemic, ammonia-independent coma in experimental acute liver failure induced in the pig. PMID- 7239120 TI - Gut damage in human blind-loop syndrome. PMID- 7239122 TI - Lower esophageal rings. PMID- 7239121 TI - Peroxisomes and bile-acid synthesis. PMID- 7239123 TI - In vitro culture of rabbit esophageal epithelial cells. AB - An in vitro model using esophageal epithelial explant cultures has been developed. Esophageal mucosa from New Zealand white rabbits was cut into 1.5-mm2 sections and fixed to a plastic petri dish using chick plasma. Appropriate outgrowth medium was added, and the explants were incubated in a humidified CO2 incubator at 37 degrees C. Cell outgrowth was measured directly, and lipid content was determined qualitatively. Esophageal epithelial cells grow as confluent sheets of multilayered cuboidal cells. Three growth phases were identified. Increased oxygen tensions inhibited growth. Optimum growth occurred at pH 7.4. Growth was significantly inhibited at pH 6.4, and no growth occurred at pH 5.8. Cells may be released by trypsin and five subcultures obtained. These results demonstrate that monolayer cultures of normal esophageal epithelium may be routinely established and maintained in cell culture for extended periods from small samples of tissue and that factors affecting growth may be quantitatively determined. PMID- 7239119 TI - "Gluten-sensitive diarrhea without evidence of celiac disease". PMID- 7239124 TI - Relationship between development of fibrosis and hemodynamic changes of the pancreas in dogs. AB - Studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between development of fibrosis and hemodynamic changes in the pancreas in dogs. The basal blood flow rate in the atrophied, fibrotic pancreas was preserved at almost the same level as in the normal pancreas. Fibrotic pancreas responded to VIP with increased blood flow, but not to administration of secretin. On the other hand, normal pancreas showed a brisk increase of blood flow in response to both of these agents. Our findings suggest that direct arterial acinar blood flow per gram of acini decreases prominently, whereas direct arterial flow to the islets per gram of islet is well maintained after the development of pancreatic fibrosis. It is also suggested that secretin acts indirectly by stimulating metabolic activity of the acinar cells with a secondary increase in blood flow, whereas VIP has a direct effect on the pancreatic vasculature. PMID- 7239126 TI - Types of human colonic electrical activities recorded postoperatively. PMID- 7239125 TI - Isolation rates and toxigenic potential of Clostridium difficile isolates from various patient populations. AB - Stool specimens in various patient populations were examined to determine isolation rates of Clostridium difficile and the frequency with which this organism produces a cytopathic toxin in vitro. Clostridium difficile was isolated from 13 of 45 healthy neonates who had never received antimicrobials and the cytotoxin was detected in 12. With 23 healthy children aged 4 to 24 mo the organism was recovered from 2 children and the cytotoxin was detected in 1. Neither the organism nor the cytotoxin was found in specimens from healthy adults who denied antimicrobial usage during the prior 4 wk. Clostridium difficile was recovered from 12 of 56 adults receiving antimicrobials without diarrhea, but only one specimen yielded the cytotoxin. Both the cytotoxin and the organism were found in stools from most patients with antibiotic-associated colitis. Concentrations of Clostridium difficile, when present, were similar in all patient populations. Broth cultures of 165 isolates of Clostridium difficile showed all strains, but two produced the cytotoxin in vitro. However, the concentration of the toxin was substantially higher with strains recovered from patients with positive toxin assays. These observations indicate that neonates are often asymptomatic carriers of both Clostridium difficile and its cytotoxin. In adults, gastrointestinal symptoms correlated best with results of tissue culture assays and with toxigenic potential of the strains isolated. PMID- 7239127 TI - Effect of bilateral vagosympathetic nerve blockade on response of the dog upper esophageal sphincter (UES) to intraesophageal distention and acid. AB - The present study in dogs was performed to elucidate (a) the upper esophageal sphincter responses to intraesophageal distention and acid perfusion and (b) the effect of bilateral nerve blockade on these responses. Balloon distention (5-40 cm3) at 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm below the sphincter produced up to a 400% increase in sphincter pressure. The threshold for this response increased, and the maximum sphincter response decreased as distention was performed more distally in the esophagus. Perfusion of acid (0.1-0.4 N HCl) at the level of the upper esophageal sphincter and at 5, 10, and 15 cm below, produced a similar increase in sphincter pressure. The maximum response to acid occurred on perfusion at the sphincter and the response decreased progressively with perfusion distally. Bilateral nerve blockade produced (a) no change in resting sphincter pressure or in the sphincter response to swallowing, (b) a partial reduction in the maximum sphincter response to distention, and (c) abolition of the response to acid. A significant portion of the afferent pathway for the response of the upper esophageal sphincter to distention and virtually all the afferent pathways for the response to acid are carried in the vagosympathetic trunks presumably via the recurrent laryngeal nerves. PMID- 7239128 TI - Differential effect of atropine on rightward and leftward lower esophageal sphincter pressure. AB - To establish whether radially determined lower esophageal sphincter pressure responds symmetrically or asymmetrically to anticholinergic medication, we compared the rightward and leftward pressure responses to intravenous atropine injection. In 12 normal adult volunteers, the decrease in highest leftward lower esophageal sphincter pressure with atropine was more marked (40% decrease) than rightward (20% decrease). The result of this differential response to atropine was to reduce right-left pressure asymmetry. Mean highest leftward pressure fell 15-30 min postinjection from 35 to 21 mmHg and mean highest rightward pressure fell from 22 to 18 mmHg. Studies of the pharmacologic effect of drugs on the human lower esophageal sphincter may give variable results depending on sampling orientation within the sphincter. These radial differences should be considered in interpreting the effect of drugs on the human lower esophageal sphincter. PMID- 7239129 TI - Renal handling of sodium and water in early chronic liver disease. Evidence for a reduced natriuretic activity of the cirrhotic urinary extracts in rats. AB - Acute expansion of extracellular fluid volume during maximal water diuresis was induced in 8 chronic liver disease patients without clinical evidence of fluid retention, and in 8 controls. Fractional reabsorption of sodium was inferred in the proximal tubule, in the ascending limb of Henle's loop, and in the more distal site of the tubule. The results indicate that the significantly reduced increment of sodium excretion in cirrhotic patients was due to its augmented reabsorption in the proximal tubule. To establish whether there was a reduced activity of a natriuretic factor, a biologic assay was performed in 16 albino Wistar rats by using urine samples collected immediately after completion of a saline load and processed with gel filtration. The infusion of this fraction resulted in a significant lowering of the increment of urine output, and absolute and fractional sodium excretion only in the rats infused with urine extracts from cirrhotic patients. The results of this study raise the possibility that a reduced production of a natriuretic factor may play some role in the pathogenesis of sodium retention, which is observed in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. PMID- 7239130 TI - Prostaglandin protection of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cell necrosis in the rat. AB - We studied whether 16,16--dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) may prevent acute liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in the rat. One hundred thirty male rats were divided into the following groups: (1) controls, (2) rats given CCl4 6670 mg/kg body wt subcutaneously, (3) rats pretreated with 5 micrograms/kg dmPGE2 given subcutaneously 30 min before, and 8 and 24 h after CCl4 administration, and (4) animals given dmPGE2 only as in group 3. Liver damage was assessed by biochemical studies (SGPT, serum alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin) and by histology. In rats receiving CCl4 alone, SGPT activities were significantly elevated to 1024 +/- 82 U/L, 1270 +/- 120 U/L, 386 +/- 48 U/L and 208 +/- 20 U/L at 24, 48, 96, and 120 h after CCl4 respectively. In animals pretreated with dmPGE2 before CCl4, SGPT activities were 201 +/- 24 U/L, 55 +/- 4.6 U/L, 28 +/- 4 U/L, and 24 +/- 4 U/L at 24, 48, 96, and 120 h after CCl4, respectively (p less than 0.01, versus animals receiving CCl4 only). Histologically, livers of rats treated with CCl4 alone showed severe centrilobular necrosis at 24 and 48 h. Livers of animals pretreated with dmPGE2 before CCl4 did not show necrosis. It is concluded that dmPGE2 protects the liver against cell necrosis induced by CCl4 in the rat. PMID- 7239131 TI - Hemolysis-induced gallstones in mice: increased unconjugated bilirubin in hepatic bile predisposes to gallstone formation. AB - We recently reported that nb/nb mice with hereditary hemolytic anemia spontaneously developed calcium bilirubinate gallstones. We undertook this study to determine whether the differences in gallbladder bile composition were due to altered gallbladder function or hepatic bile composition. Hepatic bile was obtained by cholecystostomy after common bile duct ligation. We found that (a) the hepatic bile of nb/nb mice with or without stones had higher concentrations of unconjugated (p less than 0.001) and total bilirubin (p less than 0.001) but lower concentrations of bile acids (p less than 0.05) than that of control mice; (b) the concentrations of total calcium and hydrogen ion were similar in all groups; (c) nb/nb mice with stones compared with nb/nb mice without stones had higher concentrations of unconjugated (p less than 0.05) and total bilirubin (p less than 0.05); (d) the outputs of unconjugated and total bilirubin of nb/nb mice with or without stones were higher than control mice (p less than 0.001) while bile acid, hydrogen ion, and calcium outputs were similar in all groups; (e) nb/nb mice with stones had higher outputs of unconjugated (p less than 0.005) and total bilirubin (p less than 0.05) than nb/nb mice without stones; (f) in nb/nb mice with stones, but not in those without stones or control mice, unconjugated bilirubin output was associated with bile acid output (p less than 0.001); and (g) unconjugated bilirubin and total bilirubin outputs were significantly correlated in all groups (p less than 0.001). Thus, an increased concentration and amount of unconjugated bilirubin in nb/nb hepatic bile is an essential factor in hemolysis-induced gallstone formation and modification of this abnormal nb/nb hepatic bile within the gallbladder promotes stone formation. PMID- 7239134 TI - Simultaneous gastric emptying of two solid foods. AB - A variety of radionuclide-labeled, solid foods have been used to measure gastric emptying. Implicit is the idea that the nuclide label identifies the rate of emptying of meal contents. The present studies tested whether different foods empty from the human stomach at different rates. Eight volunteers were fed meals of 200 ml of water + 213 g of beef stew + 52 g of chicken liver, with half the liver as 0.25-mm particles and half as 10-mm chunks, labeled with 99mTc and 113mIn, respectively, or the reverse. Another 8 subjects ingested 200 ml of water + 75 g of noodles, labeled with 123I, + 30 g of liver, labeled with 113mIn. Gastric emptying of each radionuclide was determined for 3 h by measuring the decline of counts in the gastric region of interest, using an Ohio Nuclear S410 gamma camera interfaced to a DEC computer. In each case, appropriate corrections were made for nuclear decay, down-scatter from 113mIn, and septal penetration. Seven of 8 subjects emptied 0.25-mm liver particles more quickly than 10-mm chunks of liver, while 1 subject emptied the two sizes of liver at the same rate. The t 1/2 for the 0.25-mm liver was 70 +/- 10 min; and for the 10-mm liver, 117 +/- 19 min (p less than 0.05). Six of 8 subjects emptied noodles much faster than liver, while 2 emptied the two foods at similar rates. The t 1/2 for the noodles was 52 +/- 8 min; and for the liver, 82 +/- 5 min (p less than 0.02). Since different foods in the same meal were found to empty at different rates, we conclude the gastric emptying of every food in a meal is not accurately represented by the emptying of a single, nuclide-labeled food. The different t 1/2s for the emptying of 10-mm liver in the two meals (p less than 0.05) probably reflected the influence of other meal components on gastric motility. PMID- 7239133 TI - Early gastric cancer. AB - We found 28 cases (13%) of early gastric cancer from among 213 cases of gastric cancer resected over a 10-yr period. The incidence was higher in the second 5 yr than the first. The lesions were classified into type I (polypoid, 29%), type II (superficial, 21%). Type III (ulcerated, 32%), and mixed (18%) according to the Japanese classification. Twenty-nine percent had lymph node metastases. In only 50% of the early cases had endoscopy or radiology suggested that the lesions were malignant. Biopsy diagnosis of carcinoma was made in 20 cases preoperatively and was negative for carcinoma in 4 others. Adequate numbers of endoscopic biopsy specimens must be taken to ensure a diagnosis in early gastric cancer. Follow-ups were obtained in all early, and 70% of the advanced cancer patients. Life table survival curves revealed 5-yr survival rates for 68% for the early gastric cancer and 27% for the advanced cancer cases (p less than 0.01). None of the patients in the first group died of gastric cancer. The early gastric cancer patients had a 32% incidence of other, nongastric malignancies compared to 7.7% in the advanced cancer group. Gastric cancer is being diagnosed at an early stage and the survival rates for these patients are significantly greater than those with advanced gastric cancer. PMID- 7239135 TI - Alkaline extraction and characterization of cholecystokinin-immunoreactivity from rat gut. AB - Generally some variation of neutral or acid extractants has been used to recover immunoreactive cholecystokinin (CCK) from gut as well as from brain. Recovery of CCK in 0.1 N NaOH extracts from gut mucosa, gut muscle, or whole gut ranged up to threefold higher than in similar water or 0.1 N HCl extracts, although the reverse was the case for the extraction of secretin from the same tissue. CCK immunoreactive peptides from rat gut were found to resemble a CCK-33-like peptide, sulfated CCK-12 and CCK-8, as well as smaller COOH-terminal fragments, which are larger than the C-terminal tetrapeptide amide. The fraction of immunoreactivity in the form of a CCK-33-like peptide was greater, although the total recovery was less, in acid extractants of whole gut. Proper interpretation of dynamic changes in gut CCK in response to fasting, feeding, and other laboratory manipulations requires efficient extraction of total immunoreactivity. PMID- 7239136 TI - Absorption and transport of shellfish sterols in human subjects. AB - While individually cholesterol is the most abundant sterol in clams, oysters, and scallops, five different major noncholesterol sterols (a C-26 sterol, 22 dehydrocholesterol, brassicasterol, 24-methylene cholesterol, and a C-29 sterol) comprise some 60% of the total sterols, a situation unique among foods of animal origin that humans consume. In order to measure the intestinal absorption and transport of these noncholesterol shellfish sterols by humans, clams, oysters, and scallops were fed daily for 3-4 wk to 9 subjects and in a single meal to 8 subjects. The major shellfish sterols in the diet and in the plasma, individual plasma lipoproteins, red blood cells, and feces were analyzed by digitonin precipitation, thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The absorption of these shellfish sterols was ascertained both by their appearance in the blood of the subjects fed shellfish and by their intake and output in the feces. After daily feeding for 3--4 wk, shellfish sterols were identified for the first time in the plasma lipids, in lipoproteins (chiefly in low-density lipoprotein), and in red blood cells of all subjects. The absorption of the dietary C-26 sterol, 22-dehydrocholesterol, brassicasterol, 24-methylene cholesterol was 54%, 35%, 4% and 11%, respectively. Our data indicated that the intestinal mucosa of humans absorbs these unusual sterols, and then they enter into the tissues and overall sterol metabolism of the body. PMID- 7239132 TI - Accuracy of direct cholangiography by endoscopic or transhepatic route in jaundice--a prospective study. AB - An exact anatomic diagnosis of bile-duct obstruction is a prerequisite for selecting the appropriate management. In a prospective study on patients with clinically suspected obstructive jaundice, the results of direct cholangiography- by endoscopic retrograde or, alternatively, by transhepatic route--were compared with operative findings or liver biopsy or both. Final diagnoses were based on autopsy, operative biopsy, and clinical course. The study included 105 patients, 90 of whom underwent surgery, and allowed a blind and independent comparison between cholangiography and operative findings. The predictive value of a positive test, i.e., cholangiographic visualization of obstruction, was 0.99 and the predictive value of a corresponding negative test was 0.90, with the final diagnoses as reference. For the operated patients the predictive values were calculated as to obstruction (positive test 0.99, negative test 0.89), malignancy (positive test 0.92, negative test 0.89), and common duct stones (positive test 0.96, negative test 0.98). Thus, laparotomy can be avoided in patients in whom direct cholangiography shows no obstruction or an appropriate nonoperative procedure, like transhepatic insertion of a stent or endoscopic biliary surgery elected. PMID- 7239138 TI - Myoelectric activity of the autotransplanted canine jejunoileum. AB - Our aim was to determine the role of the extrinsic nerves in the regulation of the canine jejunoileal interdigestive myoelectric complex (IDMEC). In six dogs, the extrinsic nerves to the jejunoileum were completely divided by autotransplanting this segment of bowel. The proximal 75 cm of autotransplant were isolated as a modified Vella loop, while the remaining portion was left in situ. Electrodes were implanted on the duodenum and on the autotransplanted bowel for later recording of myoelectric activity. After 10 days, the conscious dogs were studied during fasting and after a meal of 200 g liver. During fasting, the IDMEC occurred not only in the innervated duodenum, but also in the autotransplanted segments of jejunoileum. However, the period of IDMEC was shorter in the autotransplanted segments (approximately 1.5 h) than in the duodenum (approximately 2.5 h), and a consistent temporal association of IDMEC between the three areas studied was not present. Moreover, feeding interrupted the IDMEC in the duodenum but not in the autotransplanted segments. We concluded that the extrinsic nerves to segments of jejunoileum were not necessary for the appearance of the IDMEC within such segments. However, extrinsic innervation and/or intrinsic myoneural or luminal continuity were necessary for temporal coordination of the IDMEC between segments of small intestine and for postprandial inhibition of the jejunoileal IDMEC. PMID- 7239137 TI - Central nervous system inhibition of gastric secretion in the rat by gastrin releasing peptide, a mammalian bombesin. AB - Gastrin-releasing peptide is a 27-amino acid peptide recently isolated from porcine gut. It shares a common C-terminal decapeptide homology with bombesin (except for a His/Gln interchange at residue 8 from C-terminus). Synthetic porcine gastrin-releasing peptide was shown to release gastrin 5 min after intravenous injection in rats. Given intracisternally (0.3--3 microgram), but not intravenously (1--10 micrograms), gastrin-releasing peptide caused a dose dependent reduction in gastric secretion (volume and acidity) and elevation in plasma gastrin levels measured 2 h after peptide injection and pylorus ligation in rats. Gastrin-releasing peptide given intracisternally had long acting, reversible, and specific inhibitory effects. Gastrin-releasing peptide blocked the secretion of acid evoked by 2-deoxy-D-glucose or TRH given intracisternally or by histamine given subcutaneously. The acetylated C-terminal octapeptide fragment of gastrin-releasing peptide inhibited gastric acid secretion as effectively as gastrin-releasing peptide. Acetylated C-terminal heptapeptide did not. These results demonstrated that gastrin-releasing peptide has the capability to act in the brain to inhibit basal and stimulated gastric secretion and its antisecretory effect does not depend on a decrease in gastrin release. The presence of bombesin immunoactivity in rat brain and its ability to act through the brain to inhibit gastric acid secretion suggest that bombesinlike peptides may be chemical messengers involved in central nervous regulation of gastric secretion. PMID- 7239139 TI - Effects of adenosine and its derivatives on the canine intestinal vasculature. AB - The effects of adenosine and two of its structural analogs on small intestinal blood flow, flow distribution, oxygen extraction, and uptake were studied in anesthetized dogs. Adenosine induced dose-dependent increases in intestinal blood flow and oxygen consumption but decreased oxygen extraction. These effects were significantly attenuated by theophylline, an adenosine antagonist. Propranolol did not influence the responses of the intestinal circulation to adenosine suggesting that beta-adrenergic receptors are not involved in the action of adenosine. 2-Chloroadenosine, one of the most potent adenosine analogs, produced changes very similar to adenosine but was about six times more potent on a molar basis. Effects of 2-chloroadenosine were attenuated by a 10-fold smaller dose of theophylline. Adenosine-9 beta-D-arabinofuranoside, another analog, was ineffective in the mesenteric circulation. Characteristic activity of both analogs and the antagonism of the effects of adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine by theophylline suggest the presence of adenosine-sensitive binding sites in precapillary resistance vessels of the intestinal circulation. The presence of adenosine receptors in intestinal vascular smooth muscle is further supported by our in vitro results in which all three agents induce patterns of response similar to those noted under in vivo conditions. However, concentrations necessary to obtain relaxation of isolated muscle strips were much greater than those sufficient to produce mesenteric vasodilation in vivo. It was also noted that strips obtained from branches of the superior mesenteric artery were more reactive to adenosine and its analogs than were strips prepared from the main trunk of the vessel. PMID- 7239140 TI - Influence of desalivation on acid secretory output and gastric mucosal integrity in the rat. AB - Exogenous administration of substances extracted from rodent salivary glands may increase the resistance of gastric mucosal barrier to the disruptive actions of ulcerogenic agents and/or reduce acid secretory output. In the present study the influence of desalivation in the rat on acid secretory function and mucosal integrity has been investigated. Experiments were performed on rats 4 wk after removal of the major salivary glands and ligation of the salivary ducts. Intravenous infusion of pentagastrin (0.1--0.4 microgram/kg/min) resulted in an increase in acid output in desalivated rats although the responses was less than that observed in sham-operated controls. Intraluminal instillation of a bile salt solution (5 mM in 150 mM HCl) in control animals resulted in a significant loss of H+ and the luminal appearance of Na+ and K+. The net fluxes of Na+ and K+ were exacerbated in the desalivated group. Furthermore, the mean area of bile salt induced ulceration was significantly greater in desalivated rats than in the control group. In the absence of bile salt treatment there was no difference in either the transmural ionic fluxes or area of ulceration between the two groups. These results suggests that removal of the major salivary glands in rats decreases the resistance of the gastric mucosa to bile salt-induced damage. PMID- 7239141 TI - Effects of cimetidine on biliary lipids in patients with reflux esophagitis. AB - In 14 patients with reflux esophagitis previously treated with antacids, the effects of addition of cimetidine on biliary lipids were studied. Each subject served as his own control, but no placebo medication was used. It was found that cimetidine (300 mg p.o. q.i.d.), over a 6-mo period of therapy, did not significantly alter lipid composition of fasting gallbladder bile, biliary lipid secretions, bile acid pool size, and its internal composition. In addition to detailed biliary studies, other observations were also made. Symptomatically, most of the patients responded favorably to cimetidine, and 9 of the 14 patients reported virtual elimination of bothersome symptoms while taking this medication. Concomitant with symptomatic improvement, daily antacid requirement was significantly reduced. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure was unaffected by cimetidine. No significant side effects were noted in this series of patients. PMID- 7239143 TI - Natriuretic hormone and the sodium retention of cirrhosis. PMID- 7239144 TI - Hepatocytoprotective substances. PMID- 7239142 TI - Spontaneous Arizona hinshawii peritonitis in cirrhosis with ascites. AB - Arizona hinshawii, a gram-negative enteric pathogen, causes serious infections in fowl, reptiles, and other animals. In humans, gastroenteritis, enteric fever, septicemia, and localized infections due to Arizona have occurred. There are no previous reports of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis secondary to Arizona, however. We report here a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to Arizona occurring in a patient with cirrhosis of the alcoholic type. The patient was treated with a 10-day course of gentamicin, and although she improved clinically, Arizona was cultured from the blood and bile postmortem. PMID- 7239145 TI - Pharmacological characterization of the dopaminergic stimulation of mucociliary particle transport by Mytilus edulis gill. PMID- 7239146 TI - Rates of indoleamine synthesis in maturing mouse brain. PMID- 7239147 TI - Calcium regulation in ileal smooth muscle-I. Sodium-calcium counterexchange. PMID- 7239148 TI - Calcium regulation in ileal smooth muscle-II. Interaction of sodium and magnesium in calcium couterexchange. PMID- 7239149 TI - The effects of pentachlorophenol on intestinal solute absorption and fluid transfer in mice. PMID- 7239150 TI - Conformational analysis of the reverse ester of acetylcholine, cholinergic potency, and cholinergic models. PMID- 7239151 TI - Vasoconstrictor effects of tyramine and noradrenaline on goat brain vessels. PMID- 7239152 TI - Responses of the rat anococcygeus muscle to sympathomimetics. PMID- 7239153 TI - Failure of ovine prolactin to elicit rapid responses by osmoregulatory surfaces. PMID- 7239154 TI - The role of the corpus luteum of lactation in the bandicoot Isoodon macrourus (Marsupialia: Peramelidae). PMID- 7239157 TI - Seasonal androgenesis in the male water snake, Nerodia sipedon. PMID- 7239158 TI - Spermatogenesis in leeches II: the effect of the supraesophageal ganglion and ventral nerve cord ganglia on spermatogenesis in the North American medicinal leech Macrobdella decora. PMID- 7239156 TI - Plasma 17 beta-estradiol levels in the chick embryo. PMID- 7239155 TI - Induction of precocious molting in the male and ovigerous female Armadillidium vulgare by topical application of 20-hydroxyecdysone. PMID- 7239161 TI - Annual changes in plasma and liver in relation to vitellogenesis in the female rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. PMID- 7239159 TI - Biosynthesis of 15-hydroxylated steroids by gonads of the river lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis, in vitro. PMID- 7239160 TI - The effects of pituitary and adrenal hormones on renal and postrenal reabsorption of water and electrolytes in the lizard, Varanus gouldii (gray). PMID- 7239162 TI - Retinal breakdown in the aging eye: what are the consequences? PMID- 7239164 TI - Restoring function to the hip and knee. PMID- 7239163 TI - Clearing up confusion about goiter. PMID- 7239165 TI - Drug interactions in elderly diabetics. PMID- 7239166 TI - Hormone therapy for the menopause. PMID- 7239168 TI - Recognition and management of congestive heart failure. PMID- 7239169 TI - Length, diameter and number of ageing skeletal muscle fibres. AB - The sternomastoid, biceps brachii and tibialis anterior muscles of ageing mice were compared with controls. The biceps brachii and tibialis anterior were lighter in the ageing mice and contained fewer fibres. There was also evidence of compensatory hypertrophy present. The mean fibre lengths of the three muscles decreased with age as a result of significant reductions in the number of sarcomeres along the fibres. Sarcomere length remained unaltered. The reduction in the number of sarcomeres along the fibres may be due to an inability of ageing muscle to respond to the tension acting on it. As fibre length determines the range of movement at a joint, the decrease may also contribute to the reduced mobility commonly seen in old age. PMID- 7239167 TI - When do you recommend surgery for peptic ulcer? PMID- 7239170 TI - Effects of aging on formalin-fixed brain weight in mice and rats. AB - In three mouse lineages it was found that during the 18- to 60-day interval after formalin fixation, brain weight was inversely proportional to the age at sacrifice, as was the decline in the weight of the brain during this period. In a second study using rat subjects it was confirmed that the aging difference is due to a reduction, in old age, of the swelling reaction of the brain when first placed in a formalin solution. It was suggested that this easily measured phenomenon might be employed as an operational index of brain aging. PMID- 7239171 TI - The effects of vitamin E on mouse fitness and survival. AB - A small colony of C3H/He and LAF1 mice, of which 50% were receiving a diet supplemented with vitamin E (0.25%, w/w, dl-alpha-tocopherol), was set up for investigation of the reported action of antioxidants on increasing longevity. It was found that vitamin E exerted no effect on maximum longevity, but increased the numbers of both genotypes surviving to 24 months. The beneficial effects appeared to act by reducing the incidence of fatal tumours late in life and by counteracting a debilitating condition early in life. It is suggested that this debility may have resulted from low antioxidant in the control diet. The relevance of free radicals to ageing is questioned. PMID- 7239173 TI - Glycogenolysis during anoxia in aged mouse heart. AB - Myocardial glycogen mobilization in response to anoxia has been studied in open chested C57Bl/6NCrl male mice 6 and 24 months of age. During the 1st minute without oxygen, old animals utilized glycogen more rapidly than did young animals. However, during the 2nd minute of anoxia, young animals continued to utilize cardiac glycogen, whereas old animals did not. A direct correlation was noted between glycogen utilization and activation of myocardial phosphorylase activity (A+B forms). Moreover total myocardial phosphorylase declined during anoxia in old animals while showing no significant change in their younger counterparts. This age-related defect in glycogen mobilization suggests altered tolerance to anoxia in aged animals. The inability to mobilize myocardial glycogen may stem from the existence of an altered form of phosphorylase or from an altered environment in the aged heart. PMID- 7239174 TI - Bromocriptine, dihydroergotoxine and sleep in rats: effects of repeated administration. AB - Bromocriptine mesylate (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and dihydroergotoxine mesylate (DHET); 3 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered 4 times at 9-hour intervals within a 27-hour period to rats polygraphically recorded for 84 h. Administration of bromocriptine resulted in increased wakefulness and reduced slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM) during the 0- to 36-hour period. Reduction of SWS or REM during this time period was not followed by a rebound of SWS or REM during the next 36- to 84-hour period. In addition, there was a significant reduction of SWS during the entire 0- to 84-hour period. Administration of DHET to rats did not significantly affect sleep although there was a tendency for wakefulness to increase and for SWS and REM to decrease. It appears that the effects of repeated administration of the two ergot compounds on the sleep-wakefulness cycle in rats may be indicative of the drugs' role in fulfillment of sleep 'need'. PMID- 7239175 TI - Misreading in mammalian systems. PMID- 7239172 TI - Proportion of early E rosettes formed by peripheral blood lymphocytes from young and aged subjects. AB - The absolute number and percentage of early E-rosette-forming cells were determined in blood of young and aged subjects. The assay was carried out at low temperature (+4 degrees C) for 30 min in phosphate-buffered saline without any supplementation. The results indicate that both the absolute number and the percentage of early E rosettes detected are age-dependent, showing a tendency of reaching higher values in both aged females and males. There were also sex related differences between young males and young females, but the values for aged males and females were approximately the same. The significance of the above described early E rosette values is discussed and compared with early E rosettes detected by other methods. PMID- 7239176 TI - Rectal cancer: adjuvant radiation therapy. PMID- 7239177 TI - Multimodality treatment of prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 7239178 TI - Multidisciplinary approach to the cancer pain patient. PMID- 7239179 TI - Role of the clinical pharmacist in oncology care. PMID- 7239180 TI - Chronic pain management: a call for greater health team collaboration. PMID- 7239181 TI - Role of the sex therapist in the care of the cancer patient. PMID- 7239182 TI - Imaging techniques in cancer diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7239183 TI - Surgical role in staging and treatment of cancer. AB - Current progress in the role of surgery in the treatment of the cancer patient follows several new directions. These include the use of surgical pathology and biological markers to direct operative treatment; operative intervention to stage or restage cancer treated primarily by other modalities; cytoreductive surgery; closer interactions of radiation therapy and chemotherapy with surgery, and operation as a means of access for other treatment modalities. PMID- 7239184 TI - Pharmacology of radiation therapy. PMID- 7239185 TI - Brachytherapy renaissance. AB - During the last 2 decades, the introduction of new isotopes for both removable (192Ir) and permanent (125I) interstitial implants, along with the availability of computerized dosimetry and the refinement of implantation techniques have all contributed to a Renaissance of brachytherapy. Techniques of implantation and the results of such procedures at the Stanford Medical Center for the 3 most commonly implanted carcinomas (breast, prostate, head and neck) are all presented in detail. Other anatomic sites which may be treated by interstitial irradiation are also described. PMID- 7239186 TI - Epidemiologic and environmental aspects of cancer. PMID- 7239187 TI - Cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7239188 TI - [Work characteristics and the health status of women in wood-working occupations]. PMID- 7239189 TI - [Combined action of the products of vital activities in human work in individual protective, insulating clothing]. PMID- 7239190 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of polyvinyl chloride stabilizers containing heavy metals]. PMID- 7239192 TI - [Psychophysiological analysis of the change in the functional state of the central nervous system of schoolchildren over the course of the academic year]. PMID- 7239191 TI - [Gonadotoxic and embryotoxic action of fluothane]. PMID- 7239193 TI - [Hygienic assessment of the practical polytechnical work training of senior schoolchildren]. PMID- 7239195 TI - [Criticism of the antiscientific concepts in modern biology and medicine in the capitalist countries]. PMID- 7239196 TI - [Experience with the hygienic training of workers in rare metals and semiconductor materials]. PMID- 7239194 TI - [Relationship of children's physical development to the state of their ENT organs]. PMID- 7239197 TI - [Characteristics of the methodological approaches to the hygienic study of polymeric materials used in clinical medicine]. PMID- 7239199 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of vinyl chloride in the air]. PMID- 7239198 TI - [Organ culture of embryonic tissue as a screening method for evaluating the blastomogenic activity of chemical substances]. PMID- 7239200 TI - [Methods of identifying and determining N',N'-dimethyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl) guanidine in water]. PMID- 7239202 TI - [Individual dosimetric personnel control of geological units]. PMID- 7239201 TI - [Radionuclide resorption through the surface of thermal burns and problems of deactivation]. PMID- 7239203 TI - [Experience in disinfecting the rubber handrails of the escalators in subways]. PMID- 7239204 TI - [Experience in equiping and operating fixed posts for taking atmospheric samples of radioactive substances]. PMID- 7239206 TI - [Data on establishing the maximum permissible concentration of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether in reservoir water]. PMID- 7239208 TI - [Hygienic studies of a modified polyacrylamide and of textile materials sized with it]. PMID- 7239209 TI - [Industrial hygiene in the manufacture of cables and wires]. PMID- 7239205 TI - [Physiological and hygienic evaluation of the dry air bath as a means of restoring work capacity]. PMID- 7239210 TI - [Importance of optimizing the working posture in controlling job fatigue in certain types of industry]. PMID- 7239207 TI - [Experimental basis for the maximum permissible concentration of hexachloromethaxylol in the reservoir water]. PMID- 7239212 TI - [Hygienic aspects of divers' wet suits]. PMID- 7239213 TI - [Hygienic aspects of preventing hospital infections]. PMID- 7239211 TI - [Effect of foundry workers' working conditions on morbidity levels with temporary loss of work capacity due to cardiovascular system diseases]. PMID- 7239215 TI - [Survivability of the causative agents of ozena in water and food products]. PMID- 7239214 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of inhaled methacrylic acid]. PMID- 7239217 TI - [Factors influencing pesticide soil pollution]. PMID- 7239216 TI - [Nature of the action of vitamin B1, B3 and C in phenol poisoning]. PMID- 7239218 TI - [Body functional state of students during an examination session]. PMID- 7239219 TI - [Improved training of the health officer in child and adolescent hygiene based on the study of his practical duties]. PMID- 7239220 TI - [Social hygiene and pedagogic aspects of the daily regimen for medical college students]. PMID- 7239221 TI - [Ways of improving the teaching of communal hygiene in colleges]. PMID- 7239222 TI - [Determination of mercury in the atmosphere by an inversion voltammetric method]. PMID- 7239223 TI - [Chromatographic and mass spectrometric determination of toxic substances in water]. PMID- 7239225 TI - [Comparative information value of conditioned defense reflex parameters]. PMID- 7239224 TI - [Chromatographic determination of propisamide (kerba) in water, soil and plants]. PMID- 7239226 TI - [Effectiveness of hygienic standards and means of improving them]. PMID- 7239227 TI - [Determination of anionic surface-active substances by ionometry]. PMID- 7239229 TI - [Results of a discussion on the problem of the "biological norm" (an evaluation of the criteria for the harmfulness of chemical exposures)]. PMID- 7239228 TI - [Determination of arsenic in products of animal and plant origin]. PMID- 7239230 TI - [Organizational experience of laboratory control of the environment in a large industrial city]. PMID- 7239231 TI - [Trends in altering the radiation hygiene status in x-ray diagnosis offices]. PMID- 7239233 TI - [Significance of Opisthorchis egg survival in the environment in the transmission cycle in opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 7239234 TI - [Importance of detecting Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in the reservoir water]. PMID- 7239232 TI - [Possible use of tritium as an index of surface water inflow into ground tables]. PMID- 7239235 TI - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin in reservoir water]. PMID- 7239237 TI - [Organization of round-the-clock monitoring of atmospheric pollution by metals]. PMID- 7239238 TI - [Determination of trace elements in desalinized seawater by an atomic absorption method]. PMID- 7239236 TI - [Hygienic standard for monomethylamine in the atmosphere]. PMID- 7239240 TI - [Effect of emotional tension in bus drivers]. PMID- 7239239 TI - [Embryotoxic action of red mercuric iodide in round-the-clock inhalation]. PMID- 7239242 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of teflon-2-coated cooking ware]. PMID- 7239245 TI - [Assessment of the degree of real hazard of developing acute inhalatory poisonings in using pesticides]. PMID- 7239241 TI - [Cytogenetic action of cyclohexanone]. PMID- 7239246 TI - [Hygienic basis for the volume of dictation exercises for younger schoolchildren]. PMID- 7239243 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of toxic organophosphate chemical transformation products formed in the process of water treatment with oxidizing agents]. PMID- 7239244 TI - [Effect of smoking on the body based on electrocardiographic, whole-body rheographic and reflexometric data]. PMID- 7239247 TI - [Toxicity and hazard of plasticizers]. PMID- 7239248 TI - To be black, poor, and aged in South Africa. PMID- 7239249 TI - Environment, culture, and adaptation in congregate facilities: perspectives from Israel. PMID- 7239250 TI - On the relationship between the size of residential institutions and the well being of residents. PMID- 7239251 TI - Age qualifications in job vacancies: an examination of British practice. PMID- 7239252 TI - Diet and health for senior citizens: workshops by the health team. PMID- 7239253 TI - The clothing preferences and problems of elderly female consumers. PMID- 7239255 TI - Divorce and the elderly. PMID- 7239254 TI - Dependency in the institutional setting: a behavioral training program for geriatric staff. PMID- 7239256 TI - The impact of retirement migration of the South. PMID- 7239257 TI - Reminiscence group therapy with psychotic geriatric inpatients. PMID- 7239258 TI - The experiment that wasn't: a case report in clinical geriatric research. PMID- 7239259 TI - The surveillance zone as meaningful space for the aged. PMID- 7239260 TI - Federal home repair programs and elderly homeowners' needs. PMID- 7239261 TI - Morrie: a case study. PMID- 7239262 TI - The demonstration of a behavioral intervention for late life paranoia. PMID- 7239263 TI - [Industrial health in ferronickel manufacture]. PMID- 7239264 TI - [Role of oscillatory processess in body interaction with industrial factors]. PMID- 7239265 TI - [Psychophysiological principles in the selection of professional automobile drivers]. PMID- 7239266 TI - [Prevention of meteorotropic reactions in workers with different jobs at a sanatorium for preventive medicine]. PMID- 7239267 TI - [Effect of the age factor on lipid metabolic status and the development of silicosis in rats]. PMID- 7239268 TI - [Oxidative deamination data on biogenic monoamines in the mitochondrial fraction of rat brain and liver]. PMID- 7239270 TI - [Characteristics of respiratory organ retention of electroaerosols during the use of artifical air ionization in the twisting shop of a textile plant]. PMID- 7239269 TI - [Effect of microbial preparations used in the alcohol and brewing industries on intestinal microflora]. PMID- 7239271 TI - [Characteristics of the physiological basis for the work and rest regimens of equipment operators engaged in continuous operations in ferrous metallurgy]. PMID- 7239272 TI - [New research tasks for standardizing artificial and natural lighting in industry]. PMID- 7239273 TI - [Data on establishing the MPEL for levomycetin dust in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7239274 TI - [Hygienic regulation of data on dibutyl phenylphosphate in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7239275 TI - [Determination of propylene glycol monoacrylate and monomethacrylate propylene oxide in the air]. PMID- 7239276 TI - [Hygienic standards for nitrogen dioxide and sulfurous anhydride in the air of a work zone]. PMID- 7239277 TI - [Determination of trace amounts of dimethylpropane diamine in the air]. PMID- 7239278 TI - [Basis for making more accurate the allowable levels of local vibration]. PMID- 7239280 TI - [Treatment of sleep disorders in chronic hydrocarbon poisonings]. PMID- 7239279 TI - [Treatment of the bronchial system in silicotuberculosis]. PMID- 7239281 TI - [Results and prospects of unifying standards between East Germany and the USSR in the field of industrial toxicology]. PMID- 7239283 TI - [Working conditions and health status of female workers in the sawmills of the wood-working industry]. PMID- 7239284 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of working conditions in the manufacture of premixes]. PMID- 7239285 TI - [Experience in using sugar and an Eleutherococcus extract with the workers of the hot shops and the nigh shifts of the Raichikhinsk Glass Plant]. PMID- 7239286 TI - [Changes in the physiological parameters of control panel operators under the effects of alcohol]. PMID- 7239282 TI - [Clinicophysiological study of the state of the locomotor apparatus in geophysicists (coworkers of mineral logging teams)]. PMID- 7239287 TI - [Neurohormonal and blood coagulation changes in the early manifestations of vibration pathology in miners]. PMID- 7239288 TI - [Incidence of dental caries in persons employed in the wood-working industry]. PMID- 7239291 TI - [Clinical and experimental characteristics of the toxic action od adipic acid and the establishment of its MPEL in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7239289 TI - [Toxic action and the hygienic standard for dimethylcyanamide in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7239290 TI - [Toxicity, hazard and nature of the biological action of methylcyclopentadiene dimer]. PMID- 7239292 TI - [Experimental data on a hygienic standard for carbon tetrachloride in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7239293 TI - [Data on a hygienic standard for methyl-N-(2-benzimidozolyl) carbamate in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7239295 TI - [Toxicological properties of barbituric and thiobarbituric acids]. PMID- 7239297 TI - [Determination of beryllium in the air of manufacturing areas and in washings from equipment]. PMID- 7239294 TI - [Toxicity of the dust in dust-gas mixtures (sulfuric acid manufacture as an example)]. PMID- 7239298 TI - [Data on establishing the MPEL for tertiary amyl hydroperoxide in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7239299 TI - [Characteristics of the thermal radiation intensity in the hot shops of a metallurgical plant]. PMID- 7239296 TI - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of 2-brompentane in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7239300 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of argon arc-welding with a nonmelting electrode using nickel-containing materials]. PMID- 7239301 TI - [Physiological and hygienic characteristics of the work of steel smelters in open hearth production]. PMID- 7239304 TI - [Surgical treatment of primary infectious endocarditis in heart defect patients]. PMID- 7239303 TI - [Analysis of the hospital mortality in prosthesis of the calcified valve in patients with aortic heart defect]. PMID- 7239305 TI - [Characteristics of the hemodynamic changes after the radical correction of Fallot-type defects]. PMID- 7239307 TI - [Cardiac functional and structural changes after cardioplegia, preservation and reperfusion]. PMID- 7239302 TI - [Surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease (the experience of the 1st 100 operations)]. PMID- 7239308 TI - [Treatment of acute lung abscesses and gangrene]. PMID- 7239306 TI - [Organization of emergency surgical care of patients with acute coronary circulation disorders]. PMID- 7239309 TI - [Pulmonary hemorrhage]. PMID- 7239310 TI - [Indications for transpericardial occlusion of the main bronchus]. PMID- 7239311 TI - [Current status of assessing acute, suppurative destructive pneumonias in children]. PMID- 7239312 TI - [Changes in the lungs in severe closed chest injury]. PMID- 7239313 TI - [Pulmonary blood flow in bronchiectasis patients before and after segmental and combined lung resections]. PMID- 7239314 TI - [Pathogenetic principles of treating acute lung abscesses]. PMID- 7239315 TI - [Combined treatment of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 7239316 TI - [Spontaneous ruptures and perforations of the esophagus]. PMID- 7239319 TI - Mucosal cell proliferation in duodenal ulcer and duodenitis. AB - Mucosal cell proliferation in the first part of the duodenum was studied in 24 patients using a tissue culture technique in which endoscopic biopsies were subjected to autoradiography after exposure to tritiated thymidine. Eight patients had a normal duodenum, eight had duodenal ulcer, and eight had symptomatic chronic non-specific duodenitis. The mean crypt labelling index (LI) in normal duodenum was 8.8 0.4% (SEM). Increased labelling indices of 15.6 +/- 1.7% were found near the edge of duodenal ulcers and 17.8 1.8% in duodenitis. Treatment with cimetidine reduced both the severity of duodenitis and the mean crypt LI. The LI of histologically normal duodenal mucosa distal to ulcer of duodenitis was similar to that of the control subjects' mucosa. The increased mucosal cell proliferation seen in severe duodenitis, either alone or associated with duodenal ulceration, suggested that erosions and ulcers arose when the crypts passed into 'high output failure' and were unable to compensate for further epithelial cell loss. There was no evidence in out study for a generalised failure of mucosal cell proliferation in duodenal ulcer or duodenitis. PMID- 7239317 TI - Effect of intestinal surgery on the risk of urinary stone formation. AB - The prevalence of urinary stone disease in 426 patients who had undergone bowel surgery at the General Infirmary at Leeds from 1958 to 1978 was found by postal questionnaire to be 9.4%. The risk of urinary stone formation was determined from the composition of 24 hour urines from 61 unselected patients, in whom intestinal resections had been performed. There were 27 patients with an ileostomy, 17 patients with an ileostomy and a small bowel resection, and 17 patients with a small bowel resection, or bypass, and an intact colon. Of this group of 61 patients, 9.8% gave a history of urinary stones after surgery. Compared with normal control subjects ileostomy patients had significantly lower urinary pH and volume, higher concentrations of calcium, oxalate, and uric acid, and increased risk of forming uric acid and calcium stones: a small bowel resection combined with an ileostomy increased the ileostomy output, lowered the urinary volume further, and reduced urinary calcium excretion. The concentration of urinary oxalate increased and the risk of both uric acid and calcium stones was high. Patients with small bowel resection and intact colon had hyperoxaluria and an increased risk of calcium stones despite a low urinary calcium. There was no increased risk of uric acid stones in this sub-group. It is concluded that the risk of forming urinary stones after this type of surgery is considerable. The follow-up of patients with ileostomies and with small bowel resections should include an assessment of faecal losses and urinary composition to identify the patients who have a high risk of forming urinary stones. PMID- 7239318 TI - Bile acid inhibition of vitamin B12 binding by intrinsic factor in vitro. AB - The effect of conjugated and unconjugated bile acids on the binding of vitamin B12 to intrinsic factor was investigated. The dihydroxy bile acids (deoxycholic, glycodeoxycholic, taurodeoxycholic, glycochenodeoxycholic, and taurochenodeoxycholic) inhibit the binding of intrinsic factor to vitamin B12 at physiological concentrations. On the other hand, the trihydroxy bile acids (cholic, glycocholic, and taurocholic) are not effective in this respect. The inhibition is dependent both on concentration and time, and its pattern is similar to that previously reported for duodenal juice. On column chromatography, there is a close correlation between the degree in intrinsic factor inhibition and the total acid concentration in the duodenal juice. The binding of vitamin B12 by R protein in saliva is not affected by bile acids. The results show that bile acids at concentrations found in duodenal juice inhibit intrinsic factor vitamin B12 binding. It is suggested that this observation may have physiological significance for vitamin B12 absorption. PMID- 7239320 TI - Distribution of prostaglandins in gastric and duodenal mucosa of healthy subjects and duodenal ulcer patients: effects of aspirin and paracetamol. AB - The distribution of mucosal PGE2-like activity was determined by bioassay technique in the body and antrum of the stomach and in the duodenum of healthy subjects and duodenal ulcer patients before and after administration of aspirin, paracetamol, or histamine. In healthy subjects, the oxyntic, antral and duodenal mucosa was found to be capable of generating large amounts of PGE2, which were not significantly different from those found in duodenal ulcer patients. No correlation was found between the generation of PGE2 and gastric acid secretory status or serum gastrin level. Aspirin-and to a much lesser extent, paracetamol caused a dramatic reduction in the ability of the gastric mucosa to biosynthesis PGE2 and this was accompanied by marked side-effects and injury to the gastric mucosa. Administration of histamine caused small but significant reduction in the biosynthesis of PGE2 but it was accompanied by marked mucosal damage. This study indicates that the gastric and duodenal mucosa is capable of generating PGE2-like activity which may be involved in the mechanism that protects the mucosa against the damage caused by aspirin. PMID- 7239321 TI - The liver in siblings of patients with Indian childhood cirrhosis: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - Liver biopsies from 29 siblings of patients with Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) and from two age-matched controls were examined by routine light and transmission electron microscopy. Histochemical stainings for copper and copper-binding protein were also carried out. The mild and non-specific structural alterations that were observed did not differ from those seen in control livers, even though a slight to moderate excess of copper and copper-binding protein was demonstrated in the majority. Aggregates of microtubules seen in some siblings, as well as in control livers, may indicate the preconditions for development of Mallory hyaline. It is possible that these features suggest a susceptibility for the development of ICC but not early disease. PMID- 7239322 TI - Effects of bile acids and hydrogen ion on the fine structure of oesophageal epithelium. AB - Oesophageal mucosal biopsies were incubated in 20, 0, and 0.2mM solutions of cholic, chenodeoxycholic, ursodeoxycholic, and deoxycholic bile acids. Both conjugated and unconjugated bile acids were studied at pH 1 and 7 singly and in combination. Observations were also made using 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and human gastric juice at pH 1-3 and 7-8. After incubation for up to 15 minutes the mucosa was examined under transmission electron microscopy. We concluded that high and moderate concentration of all the common bile acids damaged the oesophagus irrespective of the pH, that low concentrations of bile acids were damaging only at high acid levels, and that damage to the epithelium did not occur when the pH of the gastric juice had been raised. PMID- 7239325 TI - Intubation of gastro-oesophageal malignancies: a survey of current practice in Britain, 1980. AB - A postal survey of British endoscopists was carried out to discover current practice in the intubation of gastro-oesophageal malignancies. Forty-six replies were analysed, comprising about 820 intubations. There were 75 perforations (approximately 9%) and the rate was about the same for operators with experience of 20 or more intubations. Tube blockage and dislocation were the main other problems. PMID- 7239326 TI - [Cancer of the breast: correlations of epidemiologic factors and prognostic factors of the tumor]. PMID- 7239324 TI - Eight-year experience with 3392 endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers in Durban, 1972-79. Rise and fall of duodenal ulcers and a theory of changing dietary and social factors. AB - From 1972 to 1979, a total of 3392 patients with endoscopically proven ulcers were seen, in six ethnic groups. The distribution was as follows: Africans 456 males, 182 females; Muslim Gujerati Indians 206 males, 60 females; Hindu Hindi 433 males; total North Indians 639 males, 195 females; Hindu Tamils 593 males, 184 females; Hindu Telegu 179 males, 46 females; total South Indians 872 males, 230 females, and Whites 465 males, 303 females. In the continent of India, it is predominantly the South Indians who suffer from duodenal ulcer. In Durban, the number of North Indians with duodenal ulcers approximates that of those from the South (North: South ratio 0.83). The first question raised by this study is that the protective factors in North Indians in India are not genetic, and are lost when they emigrate to Natal. This may be due to changes in diet. A seasonal analysis indicates that, for females, there is a striking Autumn and Winter predominance in all Indian groups, reaching 80% in Muslims and Telegus but not in African females (52.7%). The second question raised by this study is that protective factors must be sought which operate in Indian females in the Spring and Summer months. The third question emanating from this study is that duodenal ulcers (and ischaemic heart disease) appear to increase in times of dietary and social change. This occurred in the West from 1890 to 1960, and is still occurring in the Third World. The restoration of dietary fibre and unsaturated fat, and the possible adjustment to stress in the West since 1960, has been accompanied by a fall in the incidence of these diseases. A 'changing factors' theory of duodenal ulcers and ischaemic heart disease is proposed. These conditions fall when a 'plateau situation' is reached. PMID- 7239323 TI - Effect of nitrates on LOS pressure in achalasia: a potential therapeutic aid. AB - The effect of a long-acting nitrate, isosorbide dinitrate (ID) 5 mg sublingually, on the lower oesophageal sphincter was tested in 24 patients with achalasia. The drug caused a reduction in LOS pressure in all cases. The mean LOS pressure fell from 46.32.7 mmHg to 15.31.8 mmHg (p less than 0.01). The pressure began to drop after several minutes, reaching its lowest levels after 15 minutes. This measured manometric effect lasted for 60 minutes or more in 10 patients studied. The reported clinic effect lasted for two to three hours, permitting the ingestion of a meal. Twenty-three patients were followed clinically for two to 19 months while receiving the drug three times daily before meals. Nineteen reported a marked to complete relief of dysphagia. Five of these patients had previous pneumatic dilatation, cardiomyotomy, or both, and had recurrence at time of study. Side effect, mainly headache, were reported in eight patients. In six this was alleviated by substituting oral isosorbide dinitrate, 10 mg. Two patients became refractory to treatment after two to six months. The potential role of long acting nitrates in the treatment of achalasia has yet to be established. PMID- 7239327 TI - [Psychosocial aspects of mastectomy]. PMID- 7239328 TI - [Primary conservative surgery in breast cancer]. PMID- 7239329 TI - [Restoration of the breast (primary and secondary) following mastectomy]. PMID- 7239330 TI - [Radiotherapy and surveillance of cancers of the breast following tumorectomy]. PMID- 7239332 TI - [Is conservative therapy of breast cancer justified?]. PMID- 7239331 TI - [The problem of conservative therapy of breast cancer]. PMID- 7239333 TI - [Mastectomy? Why now?]. PMID- 7239334 TI - [Surgical and psychological aspects of breast reconstruction following mastectomy]. PMID- 7239335 TI - [Conservative treatment of cancer of the breast using Jolimont's radiosurgical method]. PMID- 7239336 TI - [Subcutaneous mastectomy]. PMID- 7239337 TI - [Clinical signs and histology of regional peri-prosthetic recurrence following alloplastic, conservative therapy of breast cancer]. PMID- 7239338 TI - [Benign lesions of the mammary gland presenting as cancer. Patholo-anatomic aspects]. PMID- 7239340 TI - [Fine-needle puncture as supplement in mammography]. PMID- 7239339 TI - [Experiences with the new automatic biopsy pistol for tru-cut biopsies]. PMID- 7239341 TI - [Mastodysplasia: grading method in potentially precancerous conditions for use by the attending physician]. PMID- 7239342 TI - [Benign lesions of the breast presenting as cancer. Radiologic aspects]. PMID- 7239343 TI - [Adenomas of the mammary gland]. PMID- 7239344 TI - [Spontaneous mammary secretion]. PMID- 7239345 TI - [Benign lesions of the breast which can simulate cancer in plate thermography]. PMID- 7239346 TI - [The contribution of estrogen receptors in the therapeutic strategy of breast cancer]. PMID- 7239347 TI - Human fetal membranes: investigations on membrane potentials and membrane 24Na permeability in vitro and the possible involvement of acetylcholine. AB - Amnion, chorion and amniochorion from human term placentae were mounted as a membranous partition in a suitable chamber. The existence of membrane potentials was investigated, but no evidence for their generation was seen either in control Earle's buffer or subsequent to the addition of 100 microM acetylcholine (ACh). Sodium movement was measured under isosmotic conditions by assessing the rate of radiosodium exchange down its radioactivity gradient. These measurements revealed that sodium exchange was independent of membrane orientation, occurred by diffusion and was unresponsive to the addition of ACh. PMID- 7239348 TI - Constriction of human umbilical artery induced by local anesthetics. AB - In order to study the direct effects of local anesthetics on the umbilical artery, an in vitro perfusion technique, utilizing 3-cm segments of human umbilical artery obtained within 15 min of delivery, has been developed. Basal perfusion pressure (tonus) and the frequency of phasic contractions were determined in 37 arterial segments perfused for 240-min periods with Tyrode's solution containing lidocaine in concentrations of 2.0, 8.0 or 16 microgram/ml of bupivacaine in concentrations of 0.25 or 9.8 microgram/ml. A control group consisting of 11 arterial segments was perfused only with Tyrode's solution. The lowest concentration of each anesthetic approximated that reportedly present in the umbilical arteries following administration of epidural anesthesia during labor. Both lidocaine and bupivacaine induced dose-related increases of up to 100% in tonus above the control levels of approximately 60 mm Hg, statistically significant (p less than 0.05) except for 2 microgram/ml lidocaine. At the same molar concentration, bupivacaine was more effective than lidocaine (p less than 0.05). Both anesthetics also increased the frequency of phasic contractions. These data suggest that these agents may exert their effects on the fetus, at least in part, through a direct constricting action on the umbilical artery. PMID- 7239349 TI - Studies on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in pregnancy, during delivery and in the puerperium. I. Normal condition. AB - Blood coagulation and fibrinolytic variables were investigated with recently developed laboratory methods during normal pregnancy, at delivery and during puerperium. The state of hypercoagulability was registered by an increase in activity of factors XII, X and VIII, in VIII antigen, in ratio between VIII antigen and activity as well as in fibrinogen. Activation of blood coagulation at delivery results in decreasing levels of factors XII and XI and an increase in fibrinopeptide A. However, normal mean values of antithrombin and platelets were observed. An increase is noted in the plasminogen level as well as in urokinase inhibitor during pregnancy. In addition alpha 2-antiplasmin and prekallikrein were studied; however, no marked changes were noted. PMID- 7239351 TI - Plasma urate measurements and fetal outcome in preeclampsia. AB - The relation of fetal birth weight to plasma urate concentrations and blood pressure was studied in 71 pregnant women with hypertension. The tendency to low birth weight was markedly increased when maternal plasma urate concentrations were over the normal level, generally in association with preeclampsia. Plasma urate showed a better correlation than either edema or proteinuria by itself with low fetal birth weight. Hypertension in association with elevated levels of plasma urate showed the lowest birth weight. Hyperuricemia in normotensive pregnancies showed similar fetal birth weights as maternal hypertension without other preeclamptic symptoms. These findings suggest that, in terms of fetal development, changes in renal retention of urate may be an additional predicting factor for fetal development as important as hypertension alone. PMID- 7239350 TI - Effects of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy. AB - Serum calcium, inorganic phosphate and heat-labile alkaline phosphatase (HLAP) have been estimated in maternal and cord sera of 120 pregnant women at labour. 75 women who did not take any vitamin D supplements during pregnancy showed statistically significant hypocalcaemia, hypophosphataemia and elevation of HLAP. Hypocalcaemia and hypophosphataemia were present in cord blood, too. 25 women who had received 1,200 U vitamin D/day throughout the 3rd trimester, showed significantly lower HLAP levels and increased fetal birth weight but there was no other improvement in maternal or cord blood chemistry. Administration of vitamin D in two large doses of 600,000 U each in the 7th and 8th months of pregnancy in 20 women proved more efficacious. Statistically significant improvement was observed in all the three biochemical parameters in maternal as well as cord sera. Fetal birth weight was also significantly greater with this mode of therapy. PMID- 7239352 TI - Spontaneous occurrence of antibodies against pathogenic amoebae of the limax group in domestic animals. AB - Sera of 1 218 animals were examined using indirect haemagglutination reaction with antigens of Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba culbertsoni. Rabbit sera (214 samples) gave negative reaction with both antigens. Bovine sera (593 samples) reacted positively in 1.5%, particularly with the antigen of A. culbertsoni. Out of the 411 pigs examined 12% were positive with one or both of the antigens. In one of the pig farms of a modern type the positivity with one or both of the antigens. In one of the pig farms of a modern type the positivity was as much as 32.2%. The titres of positive animal sera have never been higher than 1 : 320. The amoebae of the limax group do not seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of diseases of cattle and rabbits. A sporadic occurrence of peracute cases is possible. In case of a sudden death, animals with symptoms of encephalitis or pneumonia should be examined for the presence of amoebae. Hypersensitivity should be considered as a possible cause of pig diseases. PMID- 7239353 TI - Toxoplasmosis in zoo animals. AB - Blood samples (collected and dried on filter paper) from 2 338 animals which had died in the zoological gardens in Berlin and other cities in the German Democratic Republic were examined by indirect haemagglutination test. Toxoplasma antibodies were found in 430 (18.3%) animals. Out of this number 1 113 were mammals and among them 201 (18.1%) were found to be positive. Out of 1 225 birds 228 (18.6%) were positive. A total of 194 species or subspecies (89 mammal species and 105 bird species) reacted positively. On the basis of these findings the spread of toxoplasma infection under zoo conditions as an artificial ecosystem in urban environment is discussed. PMID- 7239354 TI - Effect of Toxoplasma gondii on histopathology and histochemistry or reticuloendothelial system in experimental animals. AB - The effect of acute and chronic infections by Toxoplasma gondii on the spleen, thymus and liver of mice and rats, and on their antibody response has been studied. In acute infection while the splenic weight increased the thymic weight decreased. The histopathological studies demonstrated lymphocytic depletion of splenic follicles and thymic cortex. Numerous phagocytes and plasma cells were seen in the red pulp and thymic medulla. Vascular congestion and haemorrhages were marked. The liver cells showed degeneration which progressed from hydropic to fatty. The succinic dehydrogenase activity of damaged cells was decreased, while the phosphatase activity was increased. The parasites were seen in some liver cells. Marked cellular infiltration was observed around the blood vessels in the form of granulomata. The reticuloendothelial cells, Kupffer cells and phagocytes showed higher alkaline phosphatase activity. In chronic infection the thymus showed early lymphocytic depletion then returned to normal. The splenic weight was increased and the follicles were enlarged with the presence of immunoblasts in the germinal centres. The cords of the red pulp were thickened and contained numerous plasma cells. Most of the liver cells were normal with normal enzymatic activity but small foci of necrosis were seen. There was a gradual increase in antibody response in both acute and chronic infections. It was concluded from the results that acute infection mainly produced toxic effects, whereas chronic infection produced immunological responses. PMID- 7239355 TI - Application of the India ink immunoreaction for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7239356 TI - Morphological changes after treatment of bovine cysticercosis with droncit and oxichloron. AB - Droncit and Oxichloron in total doses of 100 (50 mg/kg for two days) and 300 mg/kg (100 mg/kg for three days) of body weight were applied for the treatment of cysticercosis 12 (Droncit) and 6 (Oxichloron) weeks after experimental infection. Four or six weeks after the treatment dead cysticerci or their remnants were found. There occurred a striking vacuolization of the larval tegument, but even six weeks after the treatment, muscles, portions of subtegumental cells and remnants of excretory canalicular system and microtriches were discernible. The structure of microtriches was still well preserved in some cases. The dominating component of tissue reaction around the dead larvae was the hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue forming sometimes folliculoid structures, and blastic transformation of lymphocytes. Nodules with dead larvae were separated from the surrounding tissue by connective tissue. PMID- 7239357 TI - First record of Cryptosporidium sp. in calves in Czechoslovakia. PMID- 7239358 TI - Different virulence of Naegleria fowleri strains isolated from a swimming pool. PMID- 7239359 TI - [Central pharmacological effects of YPG-209 (16(S)-methyl-20-methoxy prostaglandin E2) (author's transl)]. AB - Central pharmacological effects of YPG-20 were examined in comparison with those of PGE2 (prostaglandin E2). Spontaneous motor activity and exploratory movement in mice were inhibited by oral administration of YPG-209 in a dose of 10 micrograms/kg. These inhibitions seemed to involve factors different from those related to the central nervous system, e.g. intestinal movement. Thiopental induced sleeping time in mice was prolonged by oral administration of YPG-209 in a dose of 300 micrograms/kg. On the other hand, spontaneous EEG and EEG arousal response in gallamine-immobilized cats were not affected by intravenous administration of YPG-209 in a dose of 100 micrograms/kg. Mice taming effect, rota rod performance and drug- or electroshock-induced convulsions were not affected by oral administration of YPG-209 in a dose of 3 mg/kg. Methamphetamine induced lethality in mice was inhibited by subcutaneous administration of YPG-209 in a dose of 5 mg/kg. Normal rectal temperature in mice was lowered by oral administration of YPG-209 in a dose of 5 mg/kg. Normal rectal temperature in mice was lowered by oral administration of YPG-209 in a dose of 100 micrograms/kg. The central pharmacological actions of PGE2 were qualitatively similar to those of YPG-209, but the potencies of central actions of PGE2 were less than those of YPG 209 PMID- 7239360 TI - [Placental transfer and distribution of betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate in various regions of the brain of pregnant rats and mice (author's transl)]. AB - As betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate induces adrenal atrophy in rat dams and adrenal hypertrophy in the fetus, we investigated the placental transfer of this compound using autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting in animals in the late stages of pregnancy. In these two species, 3H-betamethasone 17,21 dipropionate and/or its metabolites transferred across the placental barrier into fetal tissues and were distributed at levels lower than detected in the maternal tissues. The rat fetus showed a high uptake of radioactivity in the adrenal cortex. In pregnant rats, the ratios of the radioactivity in the adrenal cortex. In pregnant rats, the ratios of the radioactivity in brain tissues to the plasma in fetuses were much higher than in the dams after the administration of 3H betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate or 3H-betamethasone. In the dams given 3H betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate, the accumulation of radioactivity in the hypothalamus and septum was significantly greater than in other regions. The present study suggests that betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate or its metabolites transferred across the placental barrier following administration to the mother rat may produce an adrenal hypertrophy in the fetus and that accumulation of radioactivity in the hypothalamus of the dam may be related to a suppression of the function of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. PMID- 7239361 TI - [Effects of diltiazem on hemodynamics and His bundle electrogram in the anesthetized dog (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of diltiazem, a calcium antagonist, on the cardiovascular system in the pentobarbital anesthetized dogs were investigated. Diltiazem (100 micrograms/kg and 300 micrograms/kg, i.v.) decreased blood pressure, heart rate and total peripheral resistance, while cardiac output and stroke volume were markedly increased. The max dp/dt of left ventricular pressure tended to increase with a dose of 100 micrograms/kg. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was slightly increased with a dose of 400 micrograms/kg. Rate pressure product was significantly reduced. Diltiazem (30 micrograms/kg and 100 micrograms/kg) increased pulmonary arterial flow together with the increase in both systolic and diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure. Diltiazem (100 micrograms/kg) increased common carotid, femoral and superior mesenteric arterial blood flow by 30 to 40%, whereas vertebral blood flow was increased by over 100%. The dose dependency in the vertebral blood flow was remarkable. Response of the vertebral artery to diltiazem was similar to that reported in the case of the coronary artery. In the His bundle electrogram, diltiazem increased the AH interval by about 10% at 100 micrograms/kg and 25% at 200 micrograms/kg, without changing the HV interval. Diltiazem-induced AH prolongation was completely depressed by epinephrine but only partially so by CaCl2. Thus, the effects of diltiazem on sinus rhythm and AV conduction in the anesthetized dog were more potent than the effects on cardiac contractility, although weaker than the effects of the vasodilating action. The vasodilator effects appear to be the primary action of diltiazem on the cardiovascular system. PMID- 7239362 TI - [Effects of dilazep on cerebral blood flow under normal conditions and recirculation impairment after cerebral ischemia (author's transl)]. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (r-CBF) in anesthetized dogs was measured by the H2 clearance method. Cerebral ischemia was induced by permanent ligation of bilateral vertebral arteries (VA) and a 10 min occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (CCA). Under normal conditions, dilazep (100 and 300 micrograms/kg i.v.) increased r-CBF dose-dependently without affecting arterial PO2, PCO2 and pH. r-CBF was reduced by 40% during cerebral ischemia. Relative r CBF rates, as compared with pre-ischemic rates, were 85%, 80%, 77% and 75% at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after cerebral ischemia, respectively, indicating development of recirculation impairment. Dilazep (100 and 300 micrograms/kg i.v. 30 min before CCA occlusion) did not affect r-CBF reduction during the state of cerebral ischemia, whereas it prevented re-circulation impairment after cerebral ischemia. Papaverine (300 micrograms/kg i.v. 30 min before CCA occlusion) exerted similar effects. These results suggest that dilazep is a potentially effective drug for treating cerebrovascular disorders. PMID- 7239363 TI - [Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle induced by formaldehyde (author's transl)]. AB - Using spiral strips of male rabbit thoracic aortae, we examined the effect of formaldehyde (HCHO) on vascular smooth muscle. HCHO (6.6 X 10(-4)M) did not inhibit the tonic contraction induced by 25 mM K+, while inhibition was apparent with a pretreatment of HCHO in the same dose. HCHO markedly inhibited Ca2+ induced contraction in the preparation depolarized by excess K+ in Ca2+-free media, but did not inhibit 50 mM K+-induced contraction in the preparation exposed to Ca2+-free media (EGTA deleted). In addition, HCHO did not inhibit the contraction induced by 2.2 mM Ba2+ in the preparation exposed to Ca2+-free media (added EGTA). These results suggest that HCHO inhibits the transmembrane influx of Ca2+. The contraction induced by norepinephrine (NE) was also inhibited by HCHO. High performance liquid chromatography revealed that NE was rapidly inactivated by HCHO in Krebs-bicarbonate solution at 37 degrees C. This finding suggests that the inhibitory effect of HCHO on the contraction induced by NE is mainly due to inactivation of NE. Therefore, the relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle induced by HCHO is probably mainly related to both the inactivation of catecholamines and the inhibitory effect on transmembrane influx of Ca2+. PMID- 7239364 TI - Autolytic changes in blood cells and other tissue cells of human cadavers. I. Viability and ion studies. AB - The viability of white blood cells, spermatozoa of the epididymis, cells from minced spleen, lymph node and lung, and cells aspirated from the bone marrow of the sternum was studied using the vital dye exclusion test. The material comprised 123 medicolegal autopsy cadavers which had been stored in a mortuary cold room at +4 degrees C up to 10 days after death. Cells which excluded trypan blue were found in various specimens from all cadavers. However, there was marked individual variation in the results. The loss of viability of the white blood cells showed a moderate correlation (r = -0.78) with the increase in the post mortem (p.m.) time, whereas the results for other tissues were not so significant. The K+ and Mg2+ and haemoglobin content and the osmotic resistance of the red cells correlated poorly with the p.m. time. The present results suggest that despite the general assumption that autolytic changes proceed rapidly at the cellular level, individual cells and especially blood cells may remain viable for a long time in cadavers kept at +4 degrees C. PMID- 7239366 TI - Early epidermal changes in heat- and electrically injured pig skin. II. An electron microscopic study. AB - In order to find methods applicable for disclosing electrical torture, pig skin was exposed to heat and electricity under controlled circumstances. Biopsies for electron microscopy were obtained immediately after exposure. In heat lesions the nuclei were slightly distorted, sometimes with broken nuclear membranes. The tonofilaments were clumped, intracellular oedema was present and cell membranes were ruptured between desmosomes. In electrical lesions the nuclei were usually enlarged with strongly condensed chromatin. Some nuclei were composed of fine, evenly dispersed granular material. The cytoplasm appeared homogeneous, in large magnification finely granular. Cell borders could sometimes be identified located in situ. In the stratum corneum, which appeared normal in heat lesions, single or several cells or large areas had an electron-dense appearance. The difference in ultrastructure of heat and electrical lesions makes it probable that electricity has a specific action on epidermal cells. PMID- 7239365 TI - Autolytic changes in blood cells of human cadavers. II. Morphological studies. AB - The morphology of various types of cells in the peripheral blood of human cadavers was investigated. The material comprised 123 medicolegal autopsy cases with post-mortem (p.m.) times ranging fro 1.7 to 270.4 hours. The corpses were kept at +4 degrees C. The haematocrit values of the blood increased rapidly after death. The haematocrit-corrected red cell count, and the total white cell and platelet counts remained quite stable during the whole p.m. time range. Red cells were quite rapidly transformed from a discoid configuration to crumbled discs, echinocytes and spherocytes, but no debris or burst cell configurations were seen. Rapid deterioration of the staining properties and marked morphological changes in many leucocytes occurred quite rapidly after death. Lymphocytes seemed to be the most resistant and basophils the least resistant to the effects of autolysis. Morphologically altered platelets and aggregates of them were seen in each cadaver. The present morphological observations and the quantitative results suggest that various cellular elements of the blood seem to be quite resistant to autolytic effects, and many cells apparently retain their viability for longer periods of time in the blood of cadavers kept at reduced temperature. PMID- 7239369 TI - A storage study of ethanol in rabbit and human bone marrow. PMID- 7239367 TI - The poisoned pen. A case report. AB - In a case of suicide by overdose of a sedative and hypnotic and a tranquilizer the author analyses the deterioration in writing ability in the time frame recorded by the victim. PMID- 7239368 TI - A practical method for the accurate determination of methemoglobin in blood containing carboxyhemoglobin. AB - Kinetics of the oxidation of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) by potassium ferricyanide was studied photometrically in a weakly acid solution. An increase in the absorbance at 630 nm reached a maximum within 10 min when over a 100-fold excess of ferricyanide to hemoglobin iron was used. A slight decrease in the absorbance was observed after completion of the reaction when over a 500-fold excess of the reagent was used. In the presence of 0.4% Sterox SE, the absorbance began to decrease without complete oxidation. From these findings, a simple, rapid and accurate method for the determination of methemoglobin (Met-Hb) in blood was devised. The method was compared with two other methods, using 11 blood samples containing various amounts of HbCO, and proved to be suitable for blood containing elevated HbCO as well as for ordinary blood. PMID- 7239370 TI - A comparative study of ethchlorvynol levels in blood versus bone marrow. AB - Bone marrow may be utilized as an alternative biological sample in cases where uncontaminated blood samples are not available for analyses. Bone marrow/blood ratios of ethchlorvynol as a function of time and dosage level were determined in 40 rabbits. A modified quantitative analysis that produced accurate and reproducible results was employed for the determination of ethchlorvynol levels. Further, ten blood and bone marrow samples containing ethchlorvynol were chosen to study the effects of storage for a period of 24 hours. Studies of blood and bone marrow ethchlorvynol levels with time showed no linear relationship. Bone marrow/blood ratios as a function of dose resulted in close mean averages with a wide range of values. Significant losses in both blood and bone marrow ethchlorvynol levels were evidenced in most of the samples subjected to the 24 hour storage study. PMID- 7239372 TI - A death due to ethchlorvynol abuse. A case report. PMID- 7239371 TI - Device and methods for the measurement of energy transfer in experiments involving thermal and electrical injuries of skin. AB - This work is part of a larger investigation aiming at tracing differences between injuries caused by heat and electricity. Electrodes and heaters similar to the electrodes of an electric cattle baton are used to dissipate approximately 40 joules in 40 seconds in pig skin. Voltages in the range 40-60 volts (AC or DC) are applied via stainless steel electrodes and temperatures in the range 50-100 degrees C are applied via heaters made of copper wire. Heat transfer is controlled by electronically regulated heaters utilizing the temperature dependence of the heater wire itself as a thermometer. Transfer of electricity takes place from either commercial DC supply, from transformed voltage from the mains or from a sine voltage generator connected to a power amplifier. The energy transfer is in all cases measured by electronic integration of the dissipated power in time. The power supplied to th electrodes or the heaters is found by electronic multiplication of the applied voltage and current. Typical power vs. time curves are presented. PMID- 7239373 TI - Detection of amphetamine in bloodstains, semen, seminal stains, saliva, and saliva stains. PMID- 7239374 TI - [Emergency medicine in the medical curriculum?]. PMID- 7239375 TI - [Cystic malformations of the lung. An indication for early surgery]. AB - Congenital pulmonary cysts should be treated surgically at an early stage. An analysis of our cases shows the high risk of conservative therapy, the risk of operation increases with the complication rate. PMID- 7239376 TI - [Spontaneous pneumothorax and its treatment]. AB - It is reported on 111 cases with 123 episodes of spontaneous pneumothorax. Pathological lung changes were found only in 47% of the cases. The percentage of acute lung tuberculosis is minimal. Adequate therapy is the early intercostal constant sucking drainage. Very early thoracotomy should be performed if results of drainage therapy is unsatisfactory or serious complications occur. Pneumothorax after Bulau-drainage recurs in about 16% of the cases. The secure method for prevention of recurrence is thoracotomy. PMID- 7239378 TI - [Problems of general anesthesia in ambulatory surgery. 1: Introduction to the problem, assumptions in general anesthesia in ambulatory surgery, preanesthetic examinations, intravenous narcotics]. PMID- 7239377 TI - [Principles in the indications for osteosynthesis]. AB - Inefficiency in the surgical surroundings, errors and negligence in the preparation, which includes inefficient diagnostic-X-rays, result in the failure of osteosynthesis methods. A poor result requires prompt correction. The various types of osteosyntheses are not necessarily interchangable. PMID- 7239379 TI - [Drug therapy in surgical biliary diseases. A microbiological and animal experiment study]. AB - In this study type and occurrence of microorganisms in gallbladder and choledochal bile are compared to results of other authors. The value of antibiotic therapy in acute cystic duct obstruction in a clinical study and in animal experiments are discussed. Efficacy of different antibiotic substances (mezlocillin, cefazolin, cefotaxim, rolitetracyclin and aminoglycosides) are measured by means of the reduction in colony count in T-tube bile. Antibiotic effect was least when tetracyclines and aminoglycosides were given. Beta-lactam antibiotics caused marked reduction and even elimination of bacteria in choledochal bile. Antibiotic therapy for the treatment of bacterial infection of the bile is reasonable only after decompression of the biliary tract in the presence of obstructive jaundice. In case of cystic duct obstruction antibiotic therapy is uncertain. PMID- 7239380 TI - [The Tubing artificial stomach. A new method of passage reconstruction following gastrectomy]. PMID- 7239381 TI - [The effect of proteolytic enzymes (traumanase) on posttraumatic edema]. AB - The edema producing property of a proteolytic enzyme (bromelain), which was parenterally or intraduodenally applied, was investigated in a traumatically induced hindleg edema in rats. Under standardized conditions the hindlegs were squeezed by a wringer and swelling was volumetrically measured. Whereas after enteral application of bromelain a significant reduction of the edema could be observed, the parenteral application only resulted in a minimal therapeutic effect. Although enterally applied enzymes are thought to be degraded in the gut, the better results were obtained after enteral administration of bromelain. This supports the observation that also enzymes can be absorbed by the gut without loosing their biological properties. PMID- 7239382 TI - [Divorce as a risk factor for psychiatric morbidity and mortality]. PMID- 7239383 TI - [Hiatal hernia--reflux disease. Indications for surgery and initial results of a new treatment method]. AB - Indications for the operative treatment of hiatus hernia with reflux oesophagitis are grade III and IV reflux oesophagitis; if the total acid period equals or exceeds 1.3% of the time of the period of time during which the patient was in supine position (pH-examination); if acid clearance lasts 2.86 min or more after a single reflux period; if radioisotopic counts over the sternal region exceed 3.5--4% of those obtained over the stomach area. Since 1977 we performed a new anti-reflux-operation, which we call "Teres-plasty"in 42 patients with axial hiatus hernia. The procedure is a modified gastropexy by using the ligamentum teres. First results seem to prove that this method can avoid reflux without postoperative syndromes as gas bloat syndrome and dysphagia, which are known to occur after fundoplication. PMID- 7239384 TI - [Problems of general anesthesia within the framework of daily surgery. 2. Inhalation anesthesia, muscle relaxants, practical course]. PMID- 7239388 TI - [Emotional reactions to divorce]. PMID- 7239386 TI - [An adrenal function test for general practice. Diagnosis of adrenal cortex insufficiency and of primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism]. PMID- 7239387 TI - [The suicidal patient. Incidence, special suicidal syndromes, therapeutic possibilities and problems]. AB - Suicide is not only the subjects of psychiatric, psychological and sociological examination, but has often induced basic philosophical, theological and juridical thoughts which are a challenge to a critical reflection. Most suicides go in hand with psychological disturbances and psychiatric illnesses. The majority of patients who tried to commit suicide don't stick to their intention. The treatment of these patients is a very important task for doctors. Certain groups in risk of committing suicide call for attention. Special suicidal syndromes often appear with young and old persons, patients with chronic and uncurable diseases, alcohol- and drug-addicts, as well as patients with psychosis. The structure and intention of the suicidal action as well as psychodynamic aspects, especially the extent of the "presuicidal syndrome" (Ringel) and the instability of their self-confidence give essential hints regarding further therapeutical treatment. Because of the increase of suicidal actions especially of trials of committing suicide, the difficulty of a systematic description and the complex reasons for suicide it is necessary to promote the cooperation between the different disciplines and intensity prophylactic measures. PMID- 7239385 TI - [The physician's liability from the viewpoint of a university surgery department]. AB - Malpractice suits against physicians have increased tremendously during the last years. We have analysed 108 cases with alleged malpractice. Twenty-two suits had not been settled yet at the time of this study. The documents were not available in twenty-one cases. There were court decisions in 65 cases. Fourty-eight times the accused physicians could be exculpated. In 12 cases a settlement out of court could be reached. The accused physician was found guilty in 4 cases. Reduction in the number of malpractice suits can be achieved in our opinion by exact documentation of clinical findings and laboratory results as well as by a better and more detailed information of the patients. PMID- 7239389 TI - [Ureter-ureterotransversostomy. A method for supravesical urinary diversion with few complications]. AB - A simple method of urinary diversion is described. It is very useful in reduced patients when other methods, e.g. ureterosigmoidostomy, ileal and colonic conduits are impossible. Up to now 14 patients were treated by transuretero ureterostomy combined with a definitely nephrostoma. In all cases except one an optimal urinary diversion was attained. PMID- 7239390 TI - [Digitalis therapy in the aged. 2. Risks, glycoside preparations (selection)]. PMID- 7239391 TI - [An adrenal function test for general practice. Diagnosis of adrenal cortex insufficiency and primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism]. PMID- 7239392 TI - [Anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 7239393 TI - [Rescue of shipwreck victims]. PMID- 7239395 TI - [Occupational safety in hospitals]. PMID- 7239394 TI - [General hypothermia. First aid and clinical treatment]. AB - The general problematic of accidental hypothermia is pointed out. 12 patients have been treated with a new procedure of rewarming. This method is easy to apply, both at the site of accident and in the clinic without any risks. Considering the important principle of rewarming the core ("core fist") our method is successfully applied with only a few means. PMID- 7239396 TI - [Shoulder injuries in Alpine skiing]. AB - Considering the injuries of the shoulder girdle, cases with ski-injuries admitted to the Garmisch-Partenkirchen Hospital in the past ten years were analyzed. Frequency, age structure and distribution were explored and an attempt was made to connect the mechanisms of trauma with the kind of injury, regarding particularly the ski-specific factors. In the course of the past ten years an increasing relative frequency of dislocations of the shoulder was observed. In elder patients the fractures of the proximal humerus are more frequent, whereas fractures of the clavicle are more frequent in children. PMID- 7239397 TI - [Preventing postoperative edema with Irritren. Results of a double-blind study]. AB - In order to inhibit postoperative swelling we compared the new antiphlogistic Lonazolac-Ca with Diclofenac-Na in 20 patients each undergoing knee joint surgery. Leg volume increased in a smaller extent in the Lonazolac-Ca patients and pretreatment values were achieved on the 8th day. On the first day of physiotherapy (4th postoperative day) pain on motion was significantly less marked than before surgery in the Lonazolac-Ca group. No side-effects were observed in the Lonazolac-Ca group. One patient on Diclofenac-Na had to discontinue treatment on the 2nd day because of gastric disturbance and itching. Though both treatments showed good efficiency, Lonazolac-Ca was slightly superior. PMID- 7239398 TI - [Therapy of gastrointestinal disorders due to oral rheumatism therapy. Effect of bromopride on antirheumatic agent-induced functional reduction in the gastric mucosa barrier]. AB - Non-steroid antirheumatic agents inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins to an extent which depends upon their respective chemical composition. The result of this inhibition is a reduction in gastric mucosal perfusion, a limitation of cytoprotective factors, and an enhanced back diffusion of H+-ions into the mucosal cell. The function of the gastric mucosal barrier is restricted and a reduction in the measurable electric potential between the gastric serosa and mucosa ensues. Adjunctive therapy with bromopride (Cascapride) improves this reduction in gastric potential difference induced by the antirheumatic agent, and alleviates the gastrointestinal symptoms brought on by the antirheumatic drug. PMID- 7239399 TI - [Thalamic dementia (author's transl)]. AB - The CAT-scan permits the localization of small thalamic lesions. Based on such findings various clinical syndromes can be evaluated which before the era of computertomography could be diagnosed by histological examination of the brain only. It is well known that the bilateral destruction of certain thalamic nuclei leads to a dementia which Grunthal (1942) accordingly coined thalamic dementia. The features of this syndrome of dementia have been discussed in detail; as to the clinical picture, the striking correspondence with bifrontal syndromes has been emphasized. It has been stressed that despite a decline of social intelligence the formal intelligence, as measured by standard tests, may be preserved, a fact likewise comparable with frontal syndromes. Finally, the question has been discussed how to delineate the amnesic thalamic syndrome and the syndrome of thalamic dementia. PMID- 7239401 TI - [HLA-system in psychiatric research (author's transl)]. PMID- 7239400 TI - [Acarophobia--a contribution on the aetiology and structure of this hallucinosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7239403 TI - [Testing aphasia by psychometric methods (author's transl)]. AB - In a survey of psychometric tests in world-wide use for the examination of aphasia stress is laid on methodological points. Separately for individual tests and tests and test batteries the development and clinical application are delineated, statistical criteria mentioned and diagnostic usefulness evaluated. PMID- 7239402 TI - [Neurotoxic side effects of cytostatic therapy (author's transl)]. AB - As the advances in the field of cytostatic substances gain ground, more and more side effects and complications become manifest in the nervous system. Although the neurotoxic effects produced by different cytostatics present a different appearance and are partly of only sporadic or slight clinical importance, there is hardly a cytostatic which does not exercise a side effect on the nervous system. Definition of the side effects in the nervous system which are caused by cytostatics, is often difficult, because the neurotoxic syndromes are similar to disease patterns of different origin, especially those of the neoplastic and paraneoplastic type, both topically and clinico-phenomenologically. However, it is often of vital importance to arrive at the correct diagnosis well in time, because this will help the physician to decide whether the cytostatic should be discontinued or administered as before. For this reason, it may be necessary to employ, besides the neuropsychiatric examination, additional electrophysiological, CSF-diagnostic, CT and bioptic methods. PMID- 7239404 TI - [Relations between clinical and angiographical results in cases of completed stroke (author's transl)]. PMID- 7239405 TI - [Mortality in Parkinson's disease and its modification by levodopa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7239406 TI - [Etiology of behavior disorders in children: a study of children in inpatient psychiatric treatment (author's transl)]. AB - The behavior problems of 144 behaviorally disturbed children are described who were treated as inpatients between 1966 and 1973. The problems were classified with the multiaxial classification system for psychiatric disorders in childhood. In addition, they were evaluated with a psychopathology assessment inventory developed by the authors. Data on somatic and psychosocial factors were also recorded. Specific behavior disorders were associated with specific somatic and psychosocial factors. The extent to which behavior could be modified during in patient treatment depended on the kind and severity of the behavior problems bu only to a small extent on somatic and psychosocial factors. On the other hand, parenteral cooperativeness had a significant influence on therapeutic outcome. The multiaxial classification system was validated by the ratings on the psychopathology assessment inventory. The reasons for certain difficulties in classifying behavior problems in children are discussed. PMID- 7239407 TI - [The mitral valve prolapse syndrome as an aetiological factor in cardiophobia and juvenile insult (author's transl)]. AB - The mitral valve prolapse may be an aetiological factor in anxiety neurosis and in transitory ischemias and cerebral insults in young adults. This syndrome must be considered in the differential diagnosis of cardiophobia. The symptoms of anxiety in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome are in no way different from the subjective symptoms in cardiophobia and in the other syndromes of free floating anxiety. The diagnosis of cardiophobia, including the wider scope covered by the syndrome of anxiety neurosis, should therefore include, besides other somatic examinations, echocardiography and long-term ECG examination. In the field of neurology, the prolapse of the mitral valve must be taken into consideration in all transitory ischaemic attacks and cerebral infarctions in relatively young patients. PMID- 7239408 TI - [Amnesia and closed craniocerebral injury. A clinical study of 82 cases]. AB - In this investigation 82 patients with various head traumas are examined with respect to time and duration of retrograde, congrade and anterograde amnesia, especially the dependence of their duration on the severity of trauma. The more severe the trauma, the longer the duration of all forms of amnesia, the retrograde being the shorter whether there is a loss of conscience (congrade amnesia) or not. A tendency of amnesias to shrink could only be examined following mild brain trauma and occurred seldom. Our findings suggest that short amnesias have less tendency to shrink than long ones. The distribution of amnesias support cybernetic memory models. As a consequence of our findings we give recommendations for the clinical evaluation of patients with head-brain trauma. PMID- 7239409 TI - [The importance of aluminiun in dialyseencephalopathie (author's transl)]. AB - 64 patient on chronic haemodialysis were investigated. The duration of the dialysis was 44 months; the mean age of patients was 41 years. In 6 patients a diagnosis of Dementia was made in addition to apraxia, dysarthria and anarthria. 5 of the patients died. All the demented patients showed an abnormal EEG and 4 had atrophy in the computertomogram. The plasma aluminium levels were significantly raised (409 microgram/l) in the demented group as compared to the non-demented dialysis patients (189 microgram/l). PMID- 7239410 TI - [Acts of misappropriation in endogenous depressives--aspects of psychiatric criminology and "general criminality" in melancholics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7239411 TI - [Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy--clinical, CT-morphological and electrophysiological findings (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on 38 patients with subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE). The clinical, electrophysiological, computer tomographical and pathoanatomical findings are described and explained by means of typical examples. Intermittent and fluctuating neurological signs--often appearing at intervals of several years--as well as a slowly progressing dementia, can be a clinical indication of SAE, especially in patients who have been known to suffer from hypertension for many years. Since, however, the clinical complex of signs is usually unspecific, clinical diagnosis must be confirmed by a morphological findings. This has now become possible by making use of computerised tomography. However, it should not be overlooked that the extent of the morphological changes observed need not agree in any way with the severity of the clinical complex of signs; case histories are given in detail as examples. Since pathologico anatomically identified severe arteriosclerotic changes of the long medullary arteries are most probably the cause of the hypoxically conditioned diffuse vacuolous demyelinisation of the medullary layer, computerised tomography yields an important indirect pointer to the condition of the cerebral vascular periphery. This additional information seems to be important in arriving at an indication for invasive diagnostic or surgical procedures relating to the vascular system. PMID- 7239413 TI - [Psychotic disturbance and epilepsy as principal signs of arteriovenous angioma of the brain--described on case history basis (author's transl)]. AB - The article describes the case of a 36-year old female patient with left temporal arteriovenous angioma suffering from psychomotoric epilepsy followed five years later by a symptomatic psychosis (paraphrenia). Basing on the case history of this patient, the phenomenological, neurophysiologico-biochemical and cerebrolocalisatory common features of psychotic disturbance and psychomotoric epilepsy are discussed; the etiologically underlying lesion of the limbic system is described. As far as clinical practice is concerned, the author raises the demand that, to say the least, orientating neurological diagnosis should be included at any early stage into differential diagnostic considerations. PMID- 7239412 TI - [The Steel Richardson Olszewski-syndrome. A report on 3 further cases (author's transl)]. AB - In this report we are describing 3 further cases of progressive supranuclear palsy, all displaying the typical clinical features (first described by Steele, Richardson and Olszewski, 1964): Ophthalmoplegia (affecting chiefly vertical gaze), pseudobulbar palsy, dysarthria, dystonic rigidity of the neck and upper trunk and dementia. Clinical symptoms started between 49 and 51 years of age with slow progression during 2 to 4 years. One patient died 2 years after the first clinical symptoms began. The purpose of this paper is, to describe a further group of 3 cases of progressive supranuclear palsy and to point out in detail the clinical symptoms, that all correspond to supranuclear localisation of this disease and to report about some differences in the development of the disease and the fully developed disorder. The use of treatment with Adamantin and Akineton was not (very) satisfying. PMID- 7239414 TI - [Psychiatry and ethics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7239415 TI - [Binucleate cell formation after fast neutron and alpha-particle irradiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7239416 TI - [Determination of urinary catecholamines using high-performance liquid chromatography and native fluorescence measurements (author's transl)]. PMID- 7239417 TI - [Quantitative morphological studies of effects of pregnancy, parturition and lactation on omental milk spots in the mouse (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of pregnancy, parturition and lactation on milk spots of the mouse were quantitative-morphologically examined. In the mouse, as reported previously, omental milk spots were morphologically classified into two types; type I and type II. Type I milk spots, which are seen along the perivascular fatty tissue around the omental vessels, are increased in size at the end of pregnancy and show significant enlargement after parturition. They are developed remarkably in lactating mice, and moderately in non-lactating mice. Type II milk spots, which are scattered throughout the omentum, are increased at parturition and remain well developed both in lactating and non-lactating mice. In the mesentery, milk spots normally are not observed. However, type II milk spots appear at the end of pregnancy. They increase after parturition, especially in non-lactating mice. In addition, type I milk spots are sometimes seen in the mesentery of non-lactating mice. PMID- 7239418 TI - [Uptake of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in omental milk spot cells of the mouse: an electron microscope study (author's transl)]. AB - In adult dd-mice horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected intraperitoneally, and the response of omental milk spot cells was systematically observed by electron microscopy. In the omental milk spots, macrophages were very active in uptake of HRP. However, the activity was different between macrophages which existed in the superficial zone of milk spots and those which were seen in the deeper zone and the fatty tissue deep to the milk spots. Thus the two types of macrophages could be distinguished not only by structural details but also by uptake response to HRP. Lymphoid cells in the spots could take up very small amounts of HRP just after HRP injection, whereas lymphocytes showed no HRP uptake. Mesothelial cells and fibrocytes could take up small amounts of HRP. PMID- 7239420 TI - [Studies on establishment and maintenance of persistent infection with measles virus in NC-37 cell. 1. Production of DNA-synthesis-suppressing factor (DSF) in NC-37 cell infected with measles virus]. AB - Wild strains of measles virus, such as Edmonston, Toyoshima and freshly isolated KM strain which had not a capacity to establish a persistent infection in NC-37 cell inhibited 80-90 percent of host cellular DNA synthesis, while attenuated or subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) viruses, such as Schwarz, Halle and Mantooth which had a capacity to establish persistent infection inhibited about 50 percent of host cellular DNA synthesis 6 or 7 days after infection of virus. However, inhibition of DNA synthesis in cells infected with attenuated or SSPE virus recovered gradually to the same level of control cell within two weeks after infection of virus, and persistently infected cells were not suppressed cellular DNA synthesis in synchronized cell culture. NC-37 cells infected with wild strain produced host cellular DNA-synthesis-suppressing factor (DSF) into culture fluid, but it could detect no such factor in culture fluid of cells infected with attenuated, SSPE virus, or carried virus and persistently infected cell. Furthermore, persistently infected cell treated wtih DSF caused the suppression of DNA synthesis, and so these cells died of metabolic inhibition within one week after inoculation of DSF. NC-37 cell infected with Mantooth strain was inhibited the establishment of persistent infection by the treatment of cell with DSF. PMID- 7239419 TI - [Studies on hypercapnia in patients with lung tuberculosis (author's transl)]. AB - Pathophysiologic ecologic and therapeutic study was made on respiratory disturbances, especially on hypercapnia in patients with lung tuberculosis. 1) Of all in-patients (497 cases), 192 (38.6%) had respiratory disturbances, among which 70 cases (14.1%) exhibited hypercapnia. 2) Of these hypercapnic patients, about one-third (31.4%) were after thoracoplastic surgery, the main disturbances being restrictive in nature. In the half of non-operative cases, obstruction and inadequate gas mixing were the main cause for hypercapnia. 3) Critical values for inducing hypercapnia were % VC 45 for patients with restrictive disturbances and FEV1-0%/expected VC 40 for hypercapnic patients. 4) Significant band in the PaCO2 similar to (HCO-3) regression chart in patients (20 cases) with chronic stable hypercapnia showed a linear relationship with an increasing PaCO2, given by an equation, (HCO-3)p = 7.7 + 0.43 PaCO2 (PaCO2 45 -- 113 mmHg, SD = +/- 1.2, r = 0.99). Twelve percent of the unstable patients (100 cases) showed an alkalosis (pH greater than 7.45) over the range above 45 mmHg of PaCO2. 5) Even in patients with normal pH values, administered HCO-3 was estimated to move into the intracellular or interstitial fluid. 6) Increase in oxygen consumption was greater with increasing ventilation volume in hypercapneic patients. Even in these patients, voluntary or drug-induced hyperventilation caused a decrease in PaCO2, resulting in an amelioration of suppressed respiration under oxygen or even pethidine HCl administration. Discussion was made on the usefulness of these therapies on patients with hypercapnia. PMID- 7239421 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of kerosene components from cadaveric hypopharyngeal contents. AB - For the purpose of suicide, a man sometimes pours kerosene or gasoline on himself and fires it. In this case in order to clarity the fact that a man killed himself by using kerosene or gasoline, the chemical characteristic of the fuel should be examined from some parts of the burned body. Recently a female burned body was performed autopsy to examine her cause of death and a means of her death as well as to aid in her identification. In this paper the gas chromatographic determination of some saturated hydrocarbons from her hypopharyngeal contents smelling of kerosene were attempted to estimate the means of her death from burns. PMID- 7239423 TI - Ketone kinetics in man. AB - 1. Five normal volunteers after an overnight fast were given an injection of DL beta hydroxybutyrate on one occasion, and an injection of acetoacetate (AcAc) on another occasion. The concentrations of D-(--)-beta-hydroxybutyrate (D-beta-OHB) and AcAc were measured every 5 minutes for 40 minutes after each injection. 2. The rate constant of disappearance (K), the volume of distribution (V) and the metabolic clearance (MCR) were calculated for the injected ketone. The values were similar for the two ketones, and therefore these values can be taken as estimates for total ketones. 3. The metabolic clearance rate of total ketones (beta-OHB plus AcAc) was also calculated from the changes in total ketone body concentration after the injection of DL-beta-OHB or AcAc which are the methods used previously. The values obtained by these methods were only 50% of that calculated from the kinetics of the injected ketone. This difference is entirely due to the differences in the apparent volume of distribution. 4. It is suggested that the best estimate of total ketone body production rate is the product of the MCR of the injected ketone and the basal concentration of total ketone bodies. PMID- 7239422 TI - Hemoglobin A1 in the diagnosis of chemical diabetes mellitus. AB - HbA1 was determined in 16 subjects with normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in 8 subjects with normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) but with abnormal OGTT (chemical diabetes mellitus) and in 25 subjects with overt diabetes mellitus. The HbA1 values were 7.53 +/- 0.1%, 8.37 +/- 0.17% and 11.92 +/- 0.42% (+/- SEM), respectively. The HbA1 values of subjects with chemical diabetes mellitus were significantly higher (p less than 0.0025) than those of subjects with normal OGTT. Thus, the determination of HbA1 may prove to be useful to substantiate a significantly abnormal glucose tolerance (chemical diabetes mellitus). PMID- 7239424 TI - Effects induced by two different estrogens on serum individual phospholipids and serum lecithin fatty acid composition. AB - Eleven oophorectomized women (mean age 34.5 +/- 5.9) received two treatment cycles, one of the 17-C-alkylated ethinyl estradiol 20 microgram per day, and the second of the non-alkylated estrogen, estradiol valerate 2 mg per day for six weeks in separate periods preceded by six weeks without hormonal replacement therapy. Blood samples were drawn before and after six weeks on each estrogen. The samples were assayed for individual phospholipids i.e. cephalin, lecithin, lysolecithin and sphingomyelin after separation of these lipids by thin layer chromatography. The relative fatty acid composition of serum and high density lipoprotein lecithin and serum cholesterol ester was determined by gas liquid chromatography. Both estrogens reversed the symptoms of estrogen deficiency and had similar effects on serum individual phospholipids i.e. causing an increase in lecithin concomitant with a decrease in lysolecithin. It is suggested that this lecithin-lysolecithin shift could depend on an inhibition of the hepatic lipase and its phospholipase A1-activity. Both estrogens increased serum lecithin arachidonic acid without causing any change in linoleic acid (the major essential fatty acid), which indicates that this increase in arachidonic acid could be an estrogenic effect independent of dietary factors. Ethinyl estradiol caused an increase in palmitic and a decrease in stearic acid in the 1-position of serum lecithin while estradiol valerate did not influence these fatty acids at all. This palmitic-stearic acid shift induced by ethinyl estradiol is interpreted as a non-hormonal "drug-effect" linked to the liver toxicity of 17-C-alkylated steroids in spite of the lack of influence on routine liver function tests. PMID- 7239426 TI - Amounts of triiodothyronine and a serum protein related to hepatic DNA synthesis in the rat. AB - The increase of a serum protein in the circulation of rats following partial hepatectomy or the injection of thyroid hormone (T3) is reported. This serum protein factor is present in normal rat serum and accounts for approximately 1% of the total serum protein. The protein disappears from the serum of animals bearing Morris hepatomas 7777 or 7800. The amount of serum protein factor diminishes as the tumors increase in size. The levels of this protein in the serum fall immediately following partial hepatectomy. At 24 hours following the operation, however, the levels are increased well over those found in normal rats. Increased levels persist for 12 days following partial hepatectomy. The serum protein is also increased following injections of T3 and is decreased in thyroidectomized animals. Elevated levels of T3 are correlated with elevated levels of the serum protein and both are correlated with increased hepatic DNA synthesis. Low levels of T3 are followed by low levels of serum protein resulting in a diminished capacity for hepatic DNA synthesis. Injection of purified serum factor into normal rats results in increased [3H]thymidine incorporation in liver cells. It is suggested that the synthesis of this serum protein is stimulated by T3 and DNA synthesis is influenced by the serum protein. The serum protein might be a humoral factor influencing metabolic events in hepatocytes or hepatomas or it might be a carrier for an agent that in turn has a direct effect on these tissues. PMID- 7239427 TI - Correlation between plasma thyroxine levels and corticosterone-binding activity in intact, ovariectomized, and ovariectomized estrogen-treated rats. AB - Plasma levels of total thyroxine (T4) and corticosteroid-binding activity (CBA) were determined in intact, ovariectomized, or ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rats during treatment with propylthiouracil (PTU) and following recovery from PTU. Propylthiouracil treatment reduced the mean plasma T4 concentration to 9 ng/ml and the mean plasma CBA to 39% of normal, while following recovery from PTU, the mean values for plasma T4 and CBA were 56 ng/ml and 108%, respectively. There was a strong (r equals plus +0.89) relationship between plasma levels of T4 and CBA as determined by linear regression analysis. Ovariectomy had no effect on either plasma T4 or CBA in euthyroid animals but significantly decreased CBA in PTU-treated, hypothyroid animals. The results indicate a robust influence of thyroid activity on plasma CBA and suggest a possible interaction between the thyroid and ovary in control of CBA. PMID- 7239428 TI - Insulin-resistance during pregnancy and progesterone treatment in the rat. PMID- 7239429 TI - Long-term dichloroacetate administration to genetically hyperlipemic rats. PMID- 7239425 TI - The kinetics of the thyroid hormones and the peripheral conversion rate of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in acute liver insufficiency under experimental conditions. AB - The kinetics of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were studied in 20 ewes. Ten were used as the control group, the other 10 received massive hepatic lesions induced by the ingestion of carbon tetrachloride. Half of each group were i.v. injected with 125IT3 or 125IT4, following a plasma disappearance over 96 hours. The amount of hormone present in each plasma sample was determined by immunoextraction procedure. The data was adjusted to the open two-compartment model. The hepatic insufficiency provoked a decrease in the disposition consent of T3, an increase in th plasma half-life of the distribution phase as well as a moderately decreased turnover rate of this hormone. The T4 kinetics were altered during acute hepatic insufficiency in the decrease of the elimination constant K13 and hormone plasma turnover rate. The study of the peripheral conversion rate based on the kinetic data showed an extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 in the control sheep, none being detected in the sheep with induced hepatic insufficiency. PMID- 7239430 TI - Inhibition of LH secretion by gamma-oryzanol in rat. PMID- 7239432 TI - Glucoregulatory response to intravenous fructose administration in the dog. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the influence of fructose administration on glucose kinetics and the role of fructose conversion to glucose in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Intravenous fructose infusion (4.5 mg/kg min 1) produced a stable plasma fructose concentration of about 20 mg/dl and a small but sustained decrease (10 mg/dl) of plasma glucose levels. The latter effect was entirely attributable to a rapid 30-35% fall in hepatic glucose output which later returned slowly to pre-infusion levels. No significant change in the rate of glucose utilization was observed. The rate of fructose conversion to glucose rose progressively during fructose infusion reaching a plateau of 1.4 mg/kg min-1 which corresponded to about 40% of total glucose production. Furthermore, as much as one third of the infused fructose was converted to circulating glucose. No appreciable changes in plasma insulin and glucagon levels occurred during fructose infusion while plasma alanine concentration increased remarkably. These data indicate that 1) fructose administration induces a transient fall in endogenous glucose production not accompanied by significant changes in glucose utilization; 2) the rapid conversion of the infused fructose to circulating glucose provides for the restoration of normal rates of glucose production; and 3) the glucoregulatory response to the administration of fructose occurs in the absence of detectable changes in plasma pancreatic hormone concentration. PMID- 7239431 TI - Uptake and incorporation of uridine-3H, leucine-3H and thymidine-3H by delayed mouse blastocysts under the effect of a human placental protein (UTPH) and its antiserum. PMID- 7239433 TI - Immunoreactive glucagon in nondiabetic and diabetic Macaca nigra. AB - The primary form of immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) in Macaca nigra has been identified as pancreatic, alpha-cell-size glucagon (IRG3500), with a molecular weight of about 3500. Assays with 30K and K-964 glucagon antibodies gave virtually identical results. Column chromatography of plasma on Bio-Gel P-30 indicated ony minimal amounts of high-molecular-weight IRG. Levels of IRG decrease during a glucose infusion, a response expected of IRG3500. IRG concentrations apparently greater than human values appear to be characteristic of nonhuman primates. Nondiabetic Macaca nigra average 641 pg of IRG3500/ml. Borderline diabetic monkeys with moderately increased glucose and impaired glucose clearance average 2,938 pg/ml. Diabetic monkeys with hyperglycemia and diminished glucose clearance have 375 pg of IRG3500/ml. Changes in IRG3500 are related to a lesion in the islets of Langerhans. PMID- 7239434 TI - Enlargement of the high density lipoprotein pool in rats by exposure to cold and by feeding a high fat diet. AB - Adult rats fed diets containing either 2 or 40% lipids such as lard were acclimated to environmental temperatures of 28 degrees C (warm), 22 degrees C (control) or 5 degrees C (cold) for 8 weeks. All animals adapted perfectly to both diet and temperature. Feeding of the high fat diet was found to increase plasma triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids, but also to enlarge the pool of HDL lipoproteins by 46% and 50% in the control and cold environment, respectively. Exposure to cold did not depress serum triglycerides in these adapted animals, but increased serum cholesterol and phospholipid. The HDL pool increased by 43% in animals fed the control diet and by 47% in the fat-fed. The effects of diet and environment were additive and resulted in a 113% increase in the HDL pool of fat fed rats exposed to 5 degrees C over that of rats fed the low lipid diet at 22 degrees C. Exposure to a warm environment led to an increase in plasma triglycerides and cholesterol in both diet groups and to a decrease in phospholipids. This was accompanied by a reduction in the size of the HDL pool which was significant (p less than 0.05) in the rats fed the high fat diet. Enhanced incorporation of 3H Leucine into HDL apoproteins suggests that lipid feeding and cold exposure act by increasing synthesis. This increase must be specific since other plasma proteins were not affected. PMID- 7239435 TI - Regulation of phosphate uptake in rat adipocytes by adenosine, catecholamines and thyroid hormones. AB - Adrenaline and adenosine deaminase decreased the rate of phosphate uptake in isolated rat adipocytes. This effect was inhibited by N6(phenylisopropyl)adenosine. The rate of uptake was decreased by one third if the rats were given triiodothyronine prior to killing. In fat cells from hypothyroid rats, phosphate uptake was not sensitive to adrenaline. Sensitivity was restored by exogenous adenosine deaminase. PMID- 7239436 TI - Effects of glucocorticoids on hormone-stimulated lipolysis and calcium uptake in the adipose cells. AB - Hormone-induced lipolysis and calcium accumulation were concomitantly reduced in the adipose tissue from adrenalectomized rats. In contrast, both epinephrine activated lipolysis and calcium accumulation were potentiated when the adipocytes were preincubated with 33 ng/ml of dexamethasone for 3 hrs. These potentiating effects of dexamethasone on epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis were completely inhibited when the adipocytes were preincubated with the steroid and verapamil which inhibited hormone-induced calcium influx into the adipocytes. These findings suggest that the potentiating effect of glucocorticoid on hormone stimulated lipolysis depends upon its accelerating action on hormone-induced calcium influx into the adipocytes. PMID- 7239437 TI - Effect of sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) on retinal lactate level in diabetic rat. PMID- 7239438 TI - [Guidelines for steroid hormone synthesis. Sixth Adolf Butenandt Lecture held at the Gesellschaft fur Biologische Chemie in Cologne 19 Mar 1981]. PMID- 7239439 TI - Location of heparin-binding sites of fibronectin. Detection of a hitherto unrecognized transamidase sensitive site. AB - Resolution of a cathepsin D digest of plasma fibronectin on heparin-Sepharose yielded, in addition to non-bound and weakly retained material (Fraction I and II), various fragments which were not eluted until 0.25M NaCl (Fraction III) and 0.5M NaCl (Fraction IV) was applied. Fraction III contained predominantly a peptide of Mr 70 000 originating from the N-terminus of the fibronectin subunits as well as high molecular weight precursors yielding the Mr 70 000 peptide by further digestion. All those peptides were retained by immobilized denatured collagen, type I, indicating the presence of the known gelatin-binding domain. In addition, they contained a transamidase-sensitive site as revealed from a digest of fibronectin previously labelled with [14C]putrescine by a transamidase mediated reaction. Plasminolysis of the fragment of Mr 70 000 resulted in two peptides of Mr 30 000 and 40 000, only the former being retained by heparin Sepharose. Fraction IV contained a fragment of Mr 140 000 which, after reduction, dissociated into two peptides of Mr 75 000 and 65 000. Apparently, it included the disulfide bond(s) connecting the two fibronectin subunits close to their C terminal ends. Partial digestion of the two electrophoretically separated peptide chains with protease of Staphylococcus aureus V8 yielded for each chain a number of peptides with equal electrophoretic migration rate. In addition, however, some peptides were different in the two digests. The results were consistent with an identical or homologous structure of the two peptide chains with an additional sequence in the longer chain. The latter (Mr 75 000) uniquely contained a transamidase susceptible site as demonstrated by processing of [14C]putrescine labelled fibronectin. PMID- 7239440 TI - [Hemoglobins, XXXIX. Amino acid sequence of a dimeric hemoglobin (erythrocruorin) from Chironomus thummi thummi: component CTT VIII]. AB - The globin of the homo-dimeric hemoglobin CTT VIII was isolated by chromatography of the CTT-hemoglobins on DEAE-cellulose and rechromatography of the crude CTT VIII globin on CM-cellulose. The sequence was established by automatic degradation of the globin, tryptic peptides derived from various limited tryptic digestions and one cyanogen bromide peptide. As an additional proof of the C terminal sequence splitting with carboxypeptidase was carried out. The tryptic activity was limited by chemical modification of the epsilon-amino groups of the lysines nd the delta-guanidino groups of the arginines, respectively. A reduction of the tryptic fragments from the maleylated globin was achieved by special digestion conditions: high pH value and short digestion time. The hemoglobin consists of 2 X 151 residues with a molecular weight of 32438. The structure of CTT VIII is homologously aligned with a monomeric CTT-hemoglobin (CTT III) and the human-beta-chain. There is a conformity of 39.7% to the CTT III-hemoglobin and 13.9% to the human beta-chains. All three hemoglobins are identical in 12 positions only. The secondary structures are postulated according to the CTT III component. Possible structural differences are discussed. PMID- 7239441 TI - Semi-reversible cross-linking. Synthesis and application of a novel heterobifunctional reagent. AB - The synthesis of a novel heterobifunctional cross-linking reagent, 3-(4-azido-2 nitrobenzoylseleno)propionic acid is described. The selenol ester function serves as a selective and reversible thiol reagent. Cross-linking is carried out photochemically via nitrene generation. The reagent is well suited for the identification of the environment of a defined cysteine residue according to the principle of semi-reversible cross-linking (Trommer, W.E., Friebel, K., Kiltz, H. H. & Kolkenbrock. H. (1977) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 86A, 187-195). Cleavage of the thiol ester bond (the first anchor point) can be achieved by a variety of labels carrying an amino function thus giving rise to labelled amino acids or proteins in a distance of about 0.7 nm from the known cysteine residue. Optimal conditions were determined by reaction of 3-(4-azido-2-nitrobenzoylseleno)propionic acid and of its unsubstituted analog with glutathione and N alpha-benzoylglycyllysine. Nucleosidetriphosphate-adenylate kinase from pig muscle was chosen as an example to demonstrate the usefulness of the reagent. 14C-labelled aminobutyric acid was applied to cleave the thiol ester bond between the reagent and cysteine-25 leading to labelling of the N-terminal arginine peptide. PMID- 7239442 TI - Hemocyanins in spiders, XIII. Kinetics of oxygen dissociation from individual subunits of Eurypelma and Cupiennius hemocyanin. PMID- 7239443 TI - Liberation of free aldehyde from 1-(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (lysoplasmalogen) by rat liver microsomes. AB - We found an enzyme in the microsomal fraction of 21-day-old-rat liver, which liberates a free aldehyde from 1-(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (lysoplasmalogen) and which has an activity of about 42 mU/mg protein under the conditions described. Kinetic data are presented. The pH optimum is found around pH 7.1. SH-blocking reagents, as well as deoxycholate, act as strong inhibitors, while Mg2 and Ca2 also inhibit the reaction to some extent. The enzymic activity is specific with respect to the monoradylphospholipid, since the acylated compound 2-acyl-1-(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine does not serve as substrate. The ether linkage of 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine is not hydrolyzed either under these conditions. A similar enzyme activity in liver has only been described for choline-containing lysoplasmalogen. PMID- 7239444 TI - Only one aminopeptidase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. PMID- 7239445 TI - Glomerular morphometry I: nephrotic syndrome in childhood. AB - Glomerular morphometry was performed on needle biopsy specimens from 53 children with the nephrotic syndrome with minimal change (MC), focal global glomerulosclerosis (FGS) and segmental glomerulosclerosis (SGS). There were significantly fewer epithelial cells and more mesangial cells in SGS compared with MC and FGS. The number of epithelial cells decreased with age in MC and FGS, but was constantly low at all ages in SGS. There were no significant differences in differential cellularity between MC, with or without focal glomerular obsolescence or focal tubular atrophy, and FGS. Glomerular diameter increased with age in MC and FGS, but not in SGS. These findings support the view that SGS is a distinct entity rather than a variant of MC. PMID- 7239446 TI - Glomerular morphometry II: familial and nonfamilial haematuria. AB - Differential glomerular cell counts and measurements of glomerular diameter were made in 13 children with Alport's syndrome (AS), four with benign familial haematuria (BFH) and 15 with nonfamilial haematuria (NFH). Mesangial cellularity was increased in the six cases of NFH with diffuse mesangial deposits of IgA (IgA +). In AS, IgA + and -NFH, epithelial cellularity decreased with age while glomerular diameter increased. In AS mesangial and endothelial cellularity also decreased with age. These findings support the view that AS, IgA + and -NFH are three distinct entities. BFH, although similar in several respects to IgA -NFH, should nevertheless be retained as a separate category by virtue of its familial incidence of haematuria. PMID- 7239447 TI - Oestrogen receptor values and histological grade in human breast cancer. AB - Histological grading of 126 oestrogen receptor positive and 81 oestrogen receptor negative breast carcinomas, using the WHO system, showed that some tumours in all grades had high receptor values, others low. There was no correlation between the receptor values and histological grade. It is suggested that factors other than the degree of dedifferentiation of the tumour may be responsible for the consistent tendency for receptor negative tumours to be placed in a high histological grade. PMID- 7239448 TI - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid presenting as tumours of the pharynx and larynx. AB - Two cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid presenting as tumours of the pharynx and larynx are described. One patient had a tonsillar mass that resembled a carotid body tumour clinically, radiologically and microscopically. The other had an arytenoid tumour with multiple cervical lymph node metastases but without intrathyroidal carcinoma. The endocrine nature of the neoplasms was indicated by the presence of stromal amyloid, cellular argyrophilia and secretory granules whilst the demonstration of calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen provided evidence that they were medullary carcinomas. PMID- 7239449 TI - Pathogenesis of generalized melanosis with melanuria and melanoptysis secondary to malignant melanoma. AB - A case of disseminated malignant melanoma with generalized melanosis of the skin and other tissues, melanuria, melanoptysis, and a dark brown blood serum is reported. The reticuloendothelial system contained large amounts of melanin pigment. Lysis of degenerating pigment-loaded melanoma cells in peripheral blood vessels seemed to be of considerable importance in the pigmentation of tissues. Focal pigmentation of capillary endothelium and perivascular deposition of melanin pigment in macrophages and, occasionally contained large amounts of melanin pigment. Lysis of degenerating pigment-loaded melanoma cells in peripheral blood vessels seemed to be of considerable importance in the pigmentation of tissues. Focal pigmentation of capillary endothelium and perivascular deposition of melanin pigment in macrophages and, occasionally contained large amounts of melanin pigment. Lysis of degenerating pigment-loaded melanoma cells in peripheral blood vessels seemed to be of considerable importance in the pigmentation of tissues. Focal pigmentation of capillary endothelium and perivascular deposition of melanin pigment in macrophages and, occasionally, in other cells, was noted. Single cell metastases contributed to melanin pigmentation of most organs, but were not found in sections of the skin. Melanoptysis (black sputum) was due to diffuse melanoma cell infiltration of the lungs, with secondary pigment deposition in macrophages and in bronchial epithelial cells. In this case the 'glomerular melanoma cell emboli' recorded by previous authors consisted of melanin pigment and cell debris. Focal damage of glomeruli affected by pigment emboli is described allowing access of melanoma cell debris (including melanin pigment granules) into glomerular tubules. PMID- 7239450 TI - Inappropriate mucin production in gall bladder metaplasia and neoplasia--an immunohistological study. AB - This study demonstrates the presence of three antigens in glandular metaplasia occurring in patients with cholecystitis and cholelithiasis: specifically carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), large intestinal mucin antigen (LIMA) and small intestinal mucin antigen (SIMA). These antigens could not be detected in normal gall bladder mucosa or in squamous metaplasia of the gall bladder. The occurrence of the three intestine-associated antigens in three carcinomas was irregular. In one mucinous carcinoma, only SIMA could be demonstrated. In one adenocarcinoma, SIMA was present in small areas of mucinous change, whilst CEA was present in the non-mucinous malignant tissue. In a mixed mucinous and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma with widespread dissemination, the three antigens were present both in the primary tumour and the metastases. These observations suggest that all forms of glandular metaplasia of the gall bladder are intestinal in nature and at least a proportion of gall bladder carcinomas are of an intestinal type. Finally they provide further immunological evidence that glandular metaplasia of the gall bladder should be considered a pre-malignant condition. PMID- 7239451 TI - The prognostic significance of morphometry in T1 bladder tumours. AB - Only 3% of patients with T1 bladder tumours die of bladder carcinoma within 5 years (Williams, Hammonds & Saunders 1977), therefore these patients are initially treated conservatively. There would however be benefits from being able to predict which patients should be treated more aggressively. Morphometry was applied to quantitate characteristic microscopical features of the removed T1 tumours in 16 patients who had survived for five years and in seven patients dead from the tumour, in order to evaluate the prognostic value of this method. The measurements of nuclear and cytoplasmic areas were made on routine H & E sections with a graphic tablet (ASM, Leitz). Statistical analysis of the obtained data revealed that there were significant differences between the two groups. It indicated that morphometric parameters of T1 bladder tumours can have prognostic as well as therapeutic significance which will be further tested in a prospective study. PMID- 7239452 TI - Primary chondrosarcoma of the ovary. AB - A case of a large, completely excised left-sided primary ovarian chondrosarcoma occurring in a 61-year-old woman is described. There was no evidence of metastases. Histologically the tumour was a pure chondrosarcoma, which was mainly well differentiated. The patient is well and disease free at 4 years. Review of the literature revealed no other reported cases of pure chondrosarcoma of the ovary. The possible histogenetic origin of this neoplasm is discussed. PMID- 7239453 TI - Offsetting the costs of health care. PMID- 7239454 TI - Civil Rights litigation and mental health: section 1983. PMID- 7239455 TI - The impact of mental health services on medical care utilization: economic and organizational implications. AB - A wealth of studies support the assertion that patients seen by medical doctors for physical complaints can often be helped by psychotherapeutic intervention. Many physical ailments have been linked to emotional problems, and practitioners are beginning to understand that emotional and physical health are highly interrelated. Even very brief mental health intervention can reduce the number of visits for medical care, the studies show. Despite some obvious methodological shortcomings, past studies and literature reviews strongly endorse the development of a closer working relationship between mental health and physical health professionals. The need for extensive additional research with sound methodological design is discussed. The economic and organizational implications of this relationship are also explored from the perspectives of physical and mental health practitioners, patients, group health plans, and third-party payers. PMID- 7239457 TI - Alternatives to hospitalization developed by an urban mental health center: an overview. AB - For 150 years public institutions, caught between society's insistence that all needy persons receive some kind of services and taxpayers' reluctance to support such services, have been forced to take in all patients who have no place to go, without adequate resources for providing services to them. This long experiment on the effects of underfunding has led to the move to develop alternatives to large public institutions. Massachusetts Mental Health Center, which serves its urban catchment area without a backup hospital, has set up a comprehensive system of alternatives to hospital care; serving the chronic patient is a major concern. This paper and the following four papers describe certain aspects of the center's alternatives to hospitalization. They include a four-year follow-up of deinstitutionalized patients, a Quarterway House for patients with persistent severe disabilities, a network of residential placements, and a program for training psychiatric residents in the care of chronic patients. PMID- 7239456 TI - Legal rights and involuntary transfer following voluntary admission. AB - Despite careful screening, community mental health centers occasionally admit to their inpatient units patients who prove difficult to manage and who require treatment in a more restrictive setting, or they admit patients who, by the nature of their pathology, require treatment in a long-term facility. It is not unusual for such patients, who have entered treatment voluntarily, to be transferred to other facilities on involuntary status under an emergency certificate and without benefit of a probate court hearing. In a study at the Connecticut Mental Health Center, the authors found that only a small percentage of the population (3.5 per cent) was involuntarily transferred. However, all the patients had entered treatment voluntarily, and in no case was the transfer made after a court hearing. The authors consider the question of whether routinely bypassing probate court hearings in making such transfers is an infringement of the patients' civil rights. PMID- 7239459 TI - Alternative to the back ward: the quarterway house. AB - The Quarterway House was founded in December 1978 to deinstitutionalize and provide rehabilitation services to a small group of long-term, seriously ill inpatients of the Massachusetts Mental Health Center. The purposes of the residential program are to provide a less institutional therapeutic environment and to develop a psychosocial treatment program that might enable some patients to move toward more independent settings in the community. In a randomized experimental study, with center inpatients as the control group, the effectiveness of the program was assessed by multiple outcome measures before the program began and at one year. Although neither group moved rapidly to more independent community living, Quarterway House patients showed improvement in general functioning and socialization-survival skills and decreased medication and seclusion. They did not show a decline in psychotic symptoms, obstreperousness, or antisocial behavior. Over-all, the findings suggest the program may prove useful for the long-term rehabilitation of severely ill patients. PMID- 7239460 TI - The complicated business of setting up residential alternatives. AB - To meet the housing needs of deinstitutionalized clients characterized by low incomes, isolation from their families, and inability to function independently, the Massachusetts Mental Health Center has developed a range of community residential settings. Among them are the independent living apartment program, partly supported by section 8 rent subsidies from the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and group homes for 12 to 18 clients. Factors that have contributed to the success of the program include diligent cultivation of relationships with housing developers, innovative support from the staff of the state housing and finance agency, clear delineation of rights and responsibilities of tenants and owners, and the center's system of backup services for clients. The center is currently developing additional housing under HUD's section 202 demonstration program for housing of the handicapped through rehabilitation of existing buildings. PMID- 7239458 TI - A follow-up of deinstitutionalized chronic patients four years after discharge. AB - Twenty-seven chronically ill mental patients were followed up four years after their discharge from a state hospital to the Massachusetts Mental Health Center. In interviews with the patients and their caregivers, data were gathered on the patients' current places of residence, mental status, time spent in the hospital since discharge, levels of functioning, and quality of life. The authors found that patients tended to move from hospital to community, with rehospitalization dropping dramatically once patients were placed in the community; that the group of patients living in the community had a better average mental status; that all but two patients preferred their current living situations to life at the state hospital; and that the best predictor of community residence was age at first admission (over 20). Two policy issues are discussed: the relationship (or lack of one) between restrictiveness and type of residence, and the importance to the findings of changes in psychiatric practice over the lifetime of the sample. PMID- 7239461 TI - Training psychiatric residents in chronic care. AB - Because of recent advances in the care of the chronically mentally ill, psychiatric residents need to have more specialized training in the treatment of this group of patients. The Massachusetts Mental Health Center has developed a training program in chronic care for psychiatric residents that is a combination of didactic presentations and placements in programs serving chronic patients. In learning to treat the chronically mentally ill, residents face a variety of clinical, countertransference, and supervisory issues. They must learn to conduct therapy that is rehabilitation-based; to combine their role as medical doctor with their role as psychiatric specialist; to work with a multidisciplinary team; and to coordinate patient care among serveral community agencies. PMID- 7239462 TI - Diagnosing schizophrenia: criteria sets and reality. PMID- 7239463 TI - A medical audit of the use of CAT scan in a CMHC inpatient unit. PMID- 7239464 TI - Advantages of providing mental retardation training to first-year residents. PMID- 7239465 TI - The negative influence of families on compliance. PMID- 7239466 TI - Inpatient seclusion: additional references, another possible interpretation of the data. PMID- 7239467 TI - A brief comment on drug usage with the mentally retarded. PMID- 7239468 TI - The emerging crisis in chronic care. PMID- 7239471 TI - The new chronic patient and the system of community care. AB - Deinstitutionalization has created a new type of patient--the new young chronic- who has received most or all of his treatment during brief hospital stays and through extended contact with outpatient community care programs. A one-year study of 119 new chronic patients entering treatment in New York City between 1977 and 1979 casts light on their living arrangements, use of mental health services, social functioning, criminal activity, suicide attempts, and symptomatology. PMID- 7239470 TI - The new chronic patient: clinical characteristics of an emerging subgroup. AB - A subgroup of chronic mentally ill persons who have had little or no state hospitalization and who are difficult to engage in existing systems of community care is emerging in major urban areas. Observations made at a large municipal general hospital indicate the patients are typically young, more likely to be male, and highly transient. They have frequent interactions with emergency psychiatric and crisis units, coupled with intermittent involuntary short-term stays in local inpatient units. They have few skills and virtually no natural support systems. Under stress they show disorders in reality testing, exhibit anger and depression, and are prone to impulsive aggressive and self-destructive behaviors. They are typically unwilling to voluntarily accept continuing care. There is a lack of fit between this group's characteristic style of interaction and existing community-based programs. The costs of this lack of fit, both in staff morale and inappropriate use of expensive services, make the exploration of approaches to these "new chronic patients" a matter of immediate importance. PMID- 7239469 TI - In the matter of PAAR: rape counseling and problems of confidentiality. PMID- 7239472 TI - First encounters: effects of intake procedures on patients, staff, and the organization. AB - To examine the influence of intake procedures on patients' appearance for therapy, information was gathered on two different intake procedures used on the outpatient service of a large mental health center. Prospective patients calling Team 1 were immediately assigned a therapist and given an appointment, while patients calling Team 2 were told a therapist would call them back to arrange an appointment. A review of the records of 308 patients who called the teams during four selected months in 1976-77 showed that Team 2's procedure resulted in patients being seen more promptly and in fewer patients being lost to the system. If this procedure were supplemented by therapists' calling patients before initial appointments, even fewer patients would be lost and fewer appointments broken. A suicide that occurred during the intake process is descrbed in order to highlight procedural and psychological issues in the agency's handling of the case. PMID- 7239473 TI - Stressful life events and marital dysfunction. AB - The relationship between stress and marital dysfunction was examined in 1979-80 through a study of two demographically matched groups of married couples. The study group consisted of couples who had been referred for therapy for marital problems while the control group had never been referred for psychiatric treatment of any kind. The authors compared the incidence, magnitude, and source of stressful life events. The two groups of couples differed in their reports of the incidence and sources of stress, but not in the magnitude of stress. Study couples reported almost twice the frequency of stressful events over the three year period before referral and a significant increase in stress in the year immediatly before referral. Changes in family structure, family interaction, or both were the major sources of stress for both groups but especially so far the referred couples. The authors concluded that a significant association exists between stressful life events and marital dysfunction, and that the clincal assessment of life events can play a meaningful role in evaluation and treatment planning. PMID- 7239474 TI - The prevalence of reversible dementia in a psychiatric hospital. AB - In a one-year period, 41 patients suffering from dementia presented to a large psychiatric hospital; four were found to have reversible etiologies. In addition, 16 elderly patients with admission diagnoses of depression were found to be suffering from dementia also; 13 cases were reversible. The percentage of patients with reversible dementia is shown to be similar to percentages encountered in neurological and medical services. The results support the value of thorough psychiatric and neurologic evaluation to determine if the dementias of patients presenting to a psychiatric service are reversible. However, patients also diagnosed as depressed should first be treated for depression; more expensive and invasive diagnostic procedures should be conducted only for depressed patients who do not recover from their dementia in the course of treatment. PMID- 7239476 TI - A checklist for selecting board-and-care homes for chronic patients. PMID- 7239477 TI - The three-quarterway house: a step beyond halfway house toward independent living. PMID- 7239475 TI - Underreporting of assaults on staff in a state hospital. PMID- 7239478 TI - Staff smoking on the ward: iatrogenic addiction, iatrogenic cancer. PMID- 7239479 TI - Community running track. PMID- 7239480 TI - Sharing meals. PMID- 7239481 TI - Selected hospital statistics for March 1981. PMID- 7239482 TI - Suing the malpractice attorney: a feasible remedy after all? PMID- 7239484 TI - Investor-owneds and nonprofits differ in economic performance. PMID- 7239483 TI - Urban hospitals forging links in a different kind of chain. PMID- 7239485 TI - Funding sources, costs of 1979 hospital construction reported. PMID- 7239487 TI - Private black hospitals: a long tradition faces change. PMID- 7239486 TI - Use of combined admissions form ends repeated patient questioning. PMID- 7239488 TI - Survey indicates extensive ambulatory surgery by hospitals. PMID- 7239489 TI - Nursing executive committee sets standards for clinical practice. PMID- 7239490 TI - Detailed planning key to ongoing hospital functioning during strike. PMID- 7239492 TI - Methods for evaluating the heterogeneity of aging processes in human populations using vital statistics data: explaining the black/white mortality crossover by a model of mortality selection. PMID- 7239491 TI - A revised method for calculation of life expectancy tables from individual death records which provides increased accuracy at advanced ages. PMID- 7239493 TI - Bilateral asymmetry in cortical bone of the humerus and tibia-sex and age factors. PMID- 7239495 TI - Genetic and environmental influences on the strength and motor performance of Philadelphia school children. PMID- 7239496 TI - Skinfolds and body density and their relation to body fatness: a review. PMID- 7239497 TI - High density lipoprotein cholesterol in young adult weight lifters, runners and untrained subjects. PMID- 7239494 TI - The Black Caribs (Garifuna) of Livingston, Guatemala: genetic markers and admixture estimates. PMID- 7239498 TI - Nutritional and biological determinants of body fat patterning in urban Guatemalan children. PMID- 7239499 TI - The role of the pathologist in environmental and occupational disease. PMID- 7239500 TI - Diagnostic specificity of synovial lesions. AB - Sections of synovium from 393 operations on diseased joints were re-examined without knowledge of the clinical findings. Specimens were scored for each of 37 histopathologic features. Independently, patients were assigned to one of 10 diagnostic groups after review of all available clinical data. Computer analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the incidence of one or more histologic parameters between the members of all except three of the possible disease pairs. The possibility of exploiting these differences to increase diagnostic precision was examined. PMID- 7239502 TI - Are all adenomatoid tumors adenomatoid mesotheliomas? AB - The ultrastructure of three histologically typical adenomatoid tumors of the epididymis is presented. Two of the three tumors showed morphologic features of mesothelium similar to those reported in the literature. The third tumor demonstrated a multilayered basal lamina and Weibel-Palade bodies, both of which have been found consistently in sclerosing hemangiomas. Although the ultrastructure of the first two tumors confirms the theory of a mesothelial origin of adenomatoid tumors, the findings of the third tumor indicate that a histologically typical adenomatoid tumor may not necessarily be a mesothelioma and that electron microscopy is indispensable in establishing their nature. These findings also lead us to suggest that the term adenomatoid tumor should remain in use for light microscopic diagnosis, and that the term adenomatoid mesothelioma should be applied only when the mesothelial nature of an adenomatoid tumor is proven by electron microscopy. For those that show ultrastructural evidence of endothelial origin, the term adenomatoid angioma seems to be appropriate and accurate. It is possible that the adenomatoid angioma represents a variant of the histiocytoid hemangioma. PMID- 7239503 TI - Cardiac myxoma with chondroid features: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - The first case of a cardiac myxoma exhibiting chondroid differentiation is described. The tumor showed lacunar spaces around clusters of typical myxoma cells on light microscopy. Ultrastructurally the tumor cells contained abundant glycogen, and the tumor stroma contained proteoglycan granules identical to those seen in the ground substance of cartilage. These findings lend further support to the belief that the primitive mesenchymal cell is the cell of origin in cardiac myxoma. PMID- 7239501 TI - A statistical approach to the histopathologic diagnosis of synovitis. AB - Synovial tissue from 393 operations on diseased joints were scored for each of 37 histopathologic variables; the patients fell into 10 clinically defined diagnostic categories. The five most populous of these diagnostic groups provided a data set for calculating diagnoses based on histopathologic findings. For each pair of clinical diagnostic categories we derived a linear discriminant function dependent solely on the histopathologic assessments. The functions gave a numerical score for segregating each case into one of the diagnostic categories. The histopathology based diagnoses agreed with the clinical diagnoses in 54 to 78 per cent of the cases. Illustrations of the application of this technique are presented. PMID- 7239504 TI - Neuroma in the region of the atrioventricular node. AB - A three month old infant died of apparent sudden infant death syndrome. Autopsy showed a neuroma in the region of the atrioventricular node, unassociated with neurofibromatosis. The atrioventricular node and bundle of His were normal. It was not possible to ascribe the sudden death to the neuroma. PMID- 7239505 TI - Osteopetrosis: a scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Scanning electron microscopic investigation was conducted with bone in a case of osteopetrosis by comparing it with normal cortical bone. The fractured surface of the osteopetrotic bone was devoid of the orderly constructed lamellar haversian system seen in normal bone. It was occupied by a massive smooth cartilaginous matrix containing scattered rough areas of abnormal ossification. Tortuous channels were randomly distributed and corresponded to the abortive marrow spaces. The presence of many irregular fracture lines reflected the fragility of the bone. The findings support the concept of defective remodeling in the pathogenesis of osteopetrosis and provide a further explanation for the abnormal fragility of bone in osteopetrosis. PMID- 7239506 TI - Tubular arrays in cerebrospinal fluid cells: their location within smooth endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. AB - Unique ultrastructural formations termed tubular arrays have been reported in a variety of renal diseases, viral infections, malignant tumors, and other circumstances. This report describes identical structures in monocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid in a case of pneumococcal meningitis. The occurrence, previously unreported, of tubular arrays in this infection and this kind of cell supports the growing view that tubular arrays probably do not represent viral components, but rather a general reactive phenomenon of the cell. In addition, ultrastructural findings are presented suggesting that tubular arrays appear to be located in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum with major involvement of its smooth compartment. PMID- 7239507 TI - An adenosquamous carcinoma of the male urethra with hypercalcemia. AB - A case of primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the urethra observed in a 52 year old man is described. The patient had a history of recurrent scrotal abscess for seven and one-half months following trauma to the region. The serum calcium level was found to be elevated when carcinoma was diagnosed. The calcium level returned to normal after resection of the lesion but rose again when local recurrence and metastasis developed. He died three and one-half months after the surgery. PMID- 7239509 TI - Incomplete trisomy 22. II. Familial trisomy of the distal segment of chromosome 22q in two brothers from a mother with a translocation, t(6;22)(q27;q13). AB - Two brothers with duplication of the distal segment of 22q inherited from a t(6;22)(q27;13) translocation carrier mother presented with intrauterine growth retardation, congenital hydrocephalus, cleft palate, genital hypoplasia with cryptorchidism and hypospadias, and similar facial features including mongoloid position of eyeaxes, hypertelorism, small nose with prominent bridge, prominent upper lip, and small mandible. In addition the second sib revealed renal hypoplasia, arrhinencephaly and pentalogy of Fallot. The patients died at ages eight days and one day, respectively. The two brothers appear to be the first instances of familial trisomy 22q13 leads to qter. PMID- 7239508 TI - Incomplete trisomy 22. I. Familial 11/22 translocation with 3:1 meiotic disjunction. Delineation of a common clinical picture and report of nine new cases from six families. AB - A syndrome due to 3:1 meiotic segregation of balanced 11/22 translocation is defined from nine personally observed patients and 22 cases from the literature with apparently the same aberration. Frequent findings include a characteristic face with deep-set eyes, flat nose, prominent upper lip, receding mandible and preauricular pits or tags, male genital hypoplasia, anal atresia or other anomalies of the anus, cleft palate, and congenital heart defect. Less frequent are severe reduction of the auricles, an additional pair of ribs, and hypoplasia of the diaphragm. Perinatal mortality is high. Growth is usually and psychomotor development is invariably and severely delayed. Balanced 11/22 translocations are apparently disproportionally frequent; as the balanced rearrangement is not easy to detect, it is important to be aware of it at the family investigation of cases with extra chromosomes similar to a No. 22 or 22q-. The unbalanced products are most probably trisomic for both a segment of 22 (22q-) and a distal segment of 11q; the exact determination of the breakpoints is not possible at present due to the similar banding characteristics of the two segments involved in the translocation. PMID- 7239511 TI - Monosomy 1pter. PMID- 7239510 TI - Incomplete trisomy 22. III. Mosaic-trisomy 22 and the problem of full trisomy 22. AB - A severely growth-retarded female newborn is described, who dies a few hours after birth. About half of the clones and metaphases from an amniotic fluid cell culture (set up at 35th week of gestation) and only 1/27 of the metaphases from a blood lymphocyte culture contained an additional No. 22 chromosome. Abnormal findings in the patient included a complex congenital heart defect, membranous anal atresia without fistula, distal limb hypoplasia, partial cutaneous syndactyly between second and third toes, and a left preauricular pit. On the basis of this case and other reports from the literature arguments for and against the existence of full human trisomy 22 are discussed. The conclusion seems likely, that full trisomy 22 usually presents a lethal condition in man, though at present an occasional survival cannot be excluded. PMID- 7239512 TI - Retinoblastoma, gross internal malformations, and deletion 13q14 leads to q31. PMID- 7239513 TI - Mid-prophase human chromosomes. The attainment of 2000 bands. PMID- 7239514 TI - X-linked ocular albinism: a family containing a manifesting heterozygote, and an affected male married to a female with autosomal recessive ocular albinism. AB - A pedigree of X-linked ocular albinism is presented containing nine affected males and 10 heterozygous females. One carrier female showed ocular changes similar to those of affected males. She is considered to be a manifesting heterozygote, a situation explained by the Lyon hypothesis. One affected male married a female with autosomal recessive ocular albinism and produced one daughter with the fundus changes of the carrier state of X-linked ocular albinism, and one son with normal eyes. The daughter did not show any evidence of the additive effect of the two different genes for X-linked and autosomal recessive ocular albinism. PMID- 7239515 TI - Structural differences in pericentric inversions. Application to a model of risk of recombinants. AB - The potential chromosomal imbalance in offspring of pericentric inversion heterozygotes can be evaluated by measuring (% of haploid autosomal length, % HAL) the chromosomal segments distal to the breakpoints in the inversion. These distal segments were measured in presently reported and published cases of pericentric inversions, divided into two ascertainment groups: (I) those ascertained through recombinant offspring and (II) those ascertained through balanced heterozygotes. The distal segments in group II inversions were significantly larger than those of group I, i.e., the potentially larger chromosomal imbalances were not observed in full-term offspring. These results are discussed in relation to the model of risk of abnormal offspring in the progeny of heterozygotes for structural rearrangements (the chromosome imbalance size--viability model). The mean distal segment sizes for group I and group II pericentric inversions were respectively not significantly different from the mean interchange segment size for a sample of reciprocal translocations divided into the same two ascertainment groups. It was concluded that the restrictions on the size (% HAL) of chromosomal imbalance in offspring surviving until term are similar whether this imbalance arises from reciprocal translocations or pericentric inversions. PMID- 7239516 TI - Chromosomal investigations in epileptic children during long-term therapy with phenytoin or primidone. AB - In epileptic children the long-term therapy with anticonvulsant drugs is absolutely necessary. However, anticonvulsant drugs have been suspected to be mutagenic and teratogenic. To investigate this problem metaphase chromosome observations were performed using short-time culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes from twenty children. Ten of the children had been treated with phenytoin and the other ten with primidone on monotherapy. The long-term administration of anticonvulsant drugs was monitored by measurement of the serum concentrations of phenytoin and primidone, by seizure anamnesis, and by repeated EEG investigations. Analyzing 100 mitoses from each proband, we found no increase of structural or numerical aberrations in our patients compared with six controls. In adults, however, anticonvulsant drugs have been found to cause structural aberrations and chromosomal damage. The absence of these lesions in children may reflect the higher efficiency of DNA-repair in local DNA-damage. PMID- 7239517 TI - Screening method for prolidase deficiency. PMID- 7239518 TI - Regional mapping of human chromosome 3. Assignment of a glutathione peroxidase-1 gene to 3p13 leads to 3q12. PMID- 7239520 TI - Combined action of isoniazid and para-aminosalicylic acid in vivo on human chromosomes in lymphocyte cultures. AB - Two antitubercular drugs, viz., isoniazid (INH) and para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), in combination, were evaluated for their in vivo clastogenic effects of human lymphocyte chromosomes. Lymphocyte cultures from tuberculosis patients taking a therapeutic dose of INH and PAS for a period of not less than 3 months and from two sets of controls were used: (1) newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients who were not yet under therapy and (2) healthy individuals from the general population. Chromosome aberration frequency was very significantly increased in the patients exposed to combined INH and PAS therapy as compared with controls. The most frequently observed aberrations were chromatid breaks and gaps. Isoniazid, the major antituberculosis drug, has been reported not to be clastogenic by itself. However, we observed that the INH--PAS combination commonly used in therapy was clastogenic. From this observation it may be concluded that INH and PAS act synergistically in producing chromosomal aberrations. PMID- 7239519 TI - Triplex gene dosage effect of beta-glucuronidase and possible assignment to band q22 in a partial duplication 7q. AB - A 2-year-old girl had a de novo duplication in the long arm of one chromosome 7 and an increased level of the enzyme beta-glucuronidase in cultured fibroblasts. The phenotype of the girl partly overlaps those of two presumptive syndromes due to secondary partial trisomies 7q. The ratio of the enzyme activity was 1.43 to the controls, and 1.37 to her parent's values. We could not define the abnormality but suggest two alternatives: either the patient is trisomic for region q112 to q22 or for the region q22 to q34. If the second alternative is correct the locus for beta-glucuronidase is possibly assigned to band 7q22. PMID- 7239522 TI - Detection of cystic fibrosis homozygotes and heterozygotes by serum isoelectrofocusing. PMID- 7239521 TI - Basic defect in the expression of adenosine deaminase in ADA- SCID disease investigated through the cells of an obligate heterozygote. AB - The nature of the defect of a female baby who died of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) disease associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA-) was investigated. Since tissue or tissue culture material was not available for subsequent studies, the expression of ADA in her cells was investigated in the somatic cell hybrid clones derived from a fusion between the lymphocytes from one of her two obligate heterozygote parents and thymidine kinase deficient Chinese hamster (a3) fibroblasts. The results of analyses of the human chromosomes and biochemical markers in 12 independent clones and 27 subclones indicated that the ADA deficiency in the patient is determined probably by a mutation in the structural gene for ADA in chromosome 20 leading either to the production of catalytically defective molecules or to the cessation of the production of ADA. Incidentally, the involvement of chromosome 2, which carries a gene for adenosine deaminase complexing protein (ADCP), in the causation of ADA deficiency was excluded. The in vitro approach through the cells from an obligate heterozygote described in this paper may have a general application in pursuing studies on other cases of inborn errors of metabolism whenever the material from the affected individuals (i.e., the homozygotes) is not available or not suitable for direct investigations. PMID- 7239524 TI - 4p- syndrome in a girl with translocation t(1;4)(q11;p16)mat. PMID- 7239526 TI - Trisomy 22 mechanisms. PMID- 7239525 TI - Gonadal agenesis in a phenotypically normal female with positive H-Y antigen. PMID- 7239523 TI - Structural anomalies of the X chromosome and inactivation center. PMID- 7239527 TI - Role of projection and nonprojection areas of the cortex in sensory analysis in children aged 3-10 years. PMID- 7239529 TI - Regional hemodynamic changes and state of vasomotor regulation after antiorthostatic hypokinesia lasting 182 days. PMID- 7239528 TI - Characteristics of the waking EEG in patients with generalized convulsions. PMID- 7239530 TI - Age differences in basic echocardiometric indices. PMID- 7239531 TI - Optimal duration of testing human physical working capacity at the place of employment. PMID- 7239532 TI - Effect of constitutional features on physiological and biochemical parameters in members of an antarctic expedition. PMID- 7239533 TI - Depression of the Achilles' reflex during daytime sleep in newborn infants. PMID- 7239535 TI - A stochastic approach to the detection of receptive fields in the visual system. PMID- 7239536 TI - A microprocessor-controlled vestibular examination chair. PMID- 7239534 TI - A technique for collision block of peripheral nerve: frequency dependence. PMID- 7239537 TI - Computer-based calibration and measurement of an EEG data acquisition system. PMID- 7239538 TI - Effects of load on myoelectric signals: the ARIMA representation. PMID- 7239539 TI - Oscillating flow of a viscous compressible fluid through a rigid tube: a theoretical model. PMID- 7239540 TI - Characterization of a new cell line, XL2, obtained from Xenopus laevis and determination of optimal culture conditions. AB - A new amphibian permanent cell line is described. It is called XL2 and was initiated from Stage 35 tadpoles of Xenopus laevis. The cell line has an epithelioid morphology and most cells can be classified into two populations with respective chromosome modal numbers 36 and 74. Contact inhibition is low. Its growth is vigorous in L15 or MEM medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum. The mean doubling time is 39 hr and the saturation density is 700,000 cells/cm2 at 25 degrees C. The absolute plating efficiency is about 70%. Cell line XL2 is unable to grow in L15 medium containing a macromolecular fraction of fetal bovine serum. Growth is restored if the latter medium is supplemented with 10 micrograms/ml of hypoxanthine. Optimal conditions for the dye exclusion test, for harvesting the cells, and for cloning in petri dishes are described. PMID- 7239541 TI - Penetration of substances into tumor tissue--a methodological study on cellular spheroids. AB - The penetration of [3H]thymidine, [3H]D-leucine, [125I]albumin, and the drugs [3H]5-fluorouracil and [3H]vinblastine into human glioma spheroids (in vitro tumor models) was studied by a method based on rapid freezing, freeze drying, vapor fixation, wax embedding, dry sectioning, and contact autoradiography. No significant disturbances in the distribution of water soluble substances were observed. Thymidine and D-leucine penetrated the whole spheroids relatively fast, whereas albumin showed reduced penetration. The concentration of albumin was highest at the periphery of the spheroids, but only smaller amounts were detected in the deeper regions. A significant difference between the penetration patterns of the drugs studied was also observed. Fluorouracil penetrated rather freely, but the penetration of vinblastine was limited. PMID- 7239543 TI - Aschoff body: it's frequency and importance in surgically excised left atrial appendages of patients with chronic rheumatic valvular heart disease. PMID- 7239544 TI - Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Role of His bundle electrography and electrical pacing. PMID- 7239545 TI - WPW syndrome. Electrophysiological and pacing studies. PMID- 7239546 TI - Clinical and haemodynamic assessment of non-parenteral vasodilator treatment in congestive heart failure. PMID- 7239542 TI - Selection of a chemically defined medium for culturing fetal mouse small intestine. AB - We evaluated six commercially available tissue culture media in their capacity to support villi morphogenesis and enterocyte differentiation during duodenal development of the fetal mouse in vitro: McCoy's 5A, Medium 199, Swim's S77, Trowell T8, Leibovitz L-15, and RPMI-1640. The duodenal segments were resected at 15 d gestation, before the formation of intestinal villi. In the segments cultured with the first four media, no villi differentiated even at 72 h culture. The number of epithelial cells per transverse section of the explants did not increase at 24 h and thereafter the number of epithelial cells decreased, except with McCoy's 5A. With the Leibovitz and RPMI media, rudimentary villi differentiated at 24 h of culture and they attained their longest length at 48 h. With the RPMI medium, the number of epithelial cells doubled at 24 h of culture and with Leibovitz medium it doubled at 48 h. At the fine structural level absorptive cells remained poorly differentiated with all the media studied. Goblet cells were easily identified after 24 h culture; they had a well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and numerous mucous granules. Endocrine cells differentiated in culture and they were loaded with secretion granules. It was concluded that the small intestine of the fetal mouse can be kept in organ culture for at least 72 h. Full maturation of absorptive cells seemed to require some additional factor(s) as they remained poorly differentiated with all the media studied. Because well differentiated endocrine cells were present in all the explants, it appeared that gastrointestinal hormones do not affect villi morphogenesis and absorptive cells differentiation. PMID- 7239549 TI - Haemodynamic assessment of isosorbide dinitrate (sorbitrate) therapy in cases of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7239547 TI - Sodium nitroprusside in treatment of hypertensive emergencies. PMID- 7239548 TI - Serum lipoprotein patterns in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7239550 TI - Systolic time intervals in aortic valve disease: a pre and post-operative study. PMID- 7239551 TI - Sino-atrial block with Wenckebach phenomenon: a case report. PMID- 7239552 TI - An abnormal LDH isoenzyme band in myocardial infarction: a case report. PMID- 7239553 TI - [Cyclosporin A--effects and side effects in the treatment of rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis with cyclosporin A is described. Cyslosporin A is a new selective immunosuppressant which acts primarily on the T lymphocytes. It has already been shown to be effective in preventing rejection following kidney transplantation as well as in preventing graft-versus-host disease. In rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, however, its effect was not satisfactory, although rather different in the two conditions; overall only about one third of the patients showed any marked improvement. By contrast, and for reasons which are as yet unexplained, it had a beneficial effect on the cutaneous symptoms of psoriasis. Cyclosporin A had little effect on immune parameters. Side effects--mainly kidney toxicity, gastro-intestinal reactions and hirsutism--were common but reversible. On present evidence its principal indication among rheumatological diseases would seem to be as a treatment for severe, intractable psoriatic arthritis. PMID- 7239554 TI - Secondary response to boostering by purified aluminium-hydroxide-adsorbed tetanus anatoxin in aging and in aged adults. AB - Immunologic responsiveness to boostering by tetanus anatoxin adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide was studied in subjects aged 60 to 91 years. They were primed 8 years previously with two injections given 40 days apart plus one injection one year later. Aging and aged subjects were shown to maintain their ability for tetanus antibody production in amounts sufficient to protect them from the disease. Therefore subjects aged above 60 years are recommended to be included into active immunizations against tetanus. PMID- 7239555 TI - Determination of anti-lipid A and lipid A by enzyme immunoassay. PMID- 7239556 TI - Comparison of cytotoxic and microbicidal function of bronchoalveolar and peritoneal macrophages. AB - Studies were carried out with mice to explore in vitro the effector function(s) of macrophages from two different anatomical compartments (peritoneal cavity and lungs). The cytotoxic capacity of macrophages was measured by determining their cytostatic and cytocidal effects on EL-4 tumour target cells, and the microbicidal capacity of macrophages was measured by determining their ability to kill or inhibit the intracellular protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii. Neither peritoneal macrophages (PM) nor bronchoalveolar macrophages (BAM) from normal mice were ever microbicidal or cytotoxic. Intravenous treatment with Corynebacterium parvum greatly enhanced (activated) both effector functions of PM but did not activate BAM. Chronic infection with Toxoplasma activated PM throughout the period of observation (greater than 140 days), but the presence of activated BAM was transient and appeared to coincide with the occurrence of an inflammatory response in the lungs. PMID- 7239557 TI - The incorporation of tritiated precursors into receptors for IgE of rat basophilic leukemia cells. AB - It has previously been shown that two receptors, H and R, having apparent mol. wt of 55,000 and 45,000 daltons, can be isolated from surface iodinated RBL cells. In addition, small amounts of a third molecule of 71,000 daltons (71 K) can now be detected in receptor preparations isolated by means of IgE-Sepharose. The SDS PAGE patterns show that the three surface molecules were not significantly altered when cell solubilization was carried out in the presence of protease inhibitors. The same three molecules were also observed when cells were biosynthetically labelled with [3H]-fucose of [3H]-galactose. When cells were labelled with [3H]-leucine or [3H]-tyrosine, several additional molecules were observed in IgE-Sepharose purified preparations. When cells were exposed to free IgE- before solubilization, significant inhibition of binding to IgE-Sepharose could only be seen among molecules corresponding to H, R and 71 K. When receptors were isolated by means of DNP-IgE and anti-DNP-Sepharose, fewer molecules were found. One, which was frequently observed, had a mol. wt of 26,000 daltons. This molecule may be non-covalently associated with receptors for IgE. PMID- 7239559 TI - Anticonvulsant activity of isolaureatin: a marine cyclic ether. PMID- 7239560 TI - Effect of sublethal dose of toxic protein isolated from venom of the scorpion Heterometrus scaber. PMID- 7239561 TI - Effect of norephedrine locally applied to the vas deferens on semen quality of rabbits. PMID- 7239562 TI - Estradiol receptors in embryonic & inter-embryonic segments of uterus of the rabbit during implantation. PMID- 7239558 TI - An agglutinin in the haemolymph of an ascidian promoting adhesion of sheep erythrocytes to mouse macrophages. AB - Sheep erythrocytes sensitized with subagglutinating doses of haemolymph from Botrylloides leachii were found to bind strongly to mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Erythrocytes sensitized with similar agglutinating doses of plant lectins or haemolymph from the fresh water crayfish Cherax destructor did not adhere. The adherence promoted by B. leachii haemolymph appears to be a heteroagglutination reaction mediated by a molecule which binds to lactose-like determinants on both erythrocytes and macrophages. PMID- 7239563 TI - Histological response of thyroid of the teleost Clarias batrachus (L) to radioiodine (131I) treatment. PMID- 7239565 TI - Studies on in vitro demineralization. PMID- 7239564 TI - Malformations of genitourinary system resulting from maternal hypervitaminosis A in rat. PMID- 7239566 TI - Effect of temperature on gene transfer in Vibrio cholerae: crosses between P+ & P classical strains of V. cholerae. PMID- 7239567 TI - A new approach to serial monitoring of blood glucose levels, peripheral nerve conduction velocities & lenticular changes using unanaesthetized streptozotocin diabetic rats, following chronic administration of antidiabetic agents. PMID- 7239568 TI - SCP production from rice stover: solid state Vs. submerged fermentation. PMID- 7239569 TI - Relationship between serum gonadotropin concentrations & cervical mucus characteristics of the bonnet monkeys Macaca radiata. PMID- 7239572 TI - A technique for chronic cannulation of the lateral cerebral ventricle in Mastomys natalensis. PMID- 7239571 TI - In vitro susceptibility of erythrocytes of Presbytis entellus (Indian Langur) to Plasmodium knowlesi & blocking of merozoite invasion process by certain protease inhibitors. PMID- 7239570 TI - Studies on glucose tolerance during fat mobilization: influence of heparin & salicylate. PMID- 7239573 TI - Ventilatory functions and sputum cytology in slate pencil workers silicosis. PMID- 7239574 TI - Cavitary carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 7239575 TI - Necrotising sarcoid angiitis and granulomatosis of the lung. PMID- 7239576 TI - Traumatic lung hernia. PMID- 7239577 TI - Bradycardia dependant left bundle branch block. PMID- 7239578 TI - Eosinophilic pleural effusion following pneumothorax. PMID- 7239580 TI - Lung, heart, kidney and spleen lipids in experimental tuberculosis in chicken. PMID- 7239579 TI - Effect of experimental tuberculosis on liver and serum lipids of chicken. PMID- 7239581 TI - Air borne fungi of Lucknow city--a study of two sites. PMID- 7239582 TI - Experiences with radionuclide lung scanning. PMID- 7239587 TI - Sudden death in the "young.'. PMID- 7239584 TI - Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema. PMID- 7239586 TI - Coccidioidin skin hypersensitivity in a section of North Indian population. PMID- 7239583 TI - Chronic bronchitis and emphysema in Nepal. PMID- 7239585 TI - A necropsy study of pulmonary emphysema in Delhi. PMID- 7239594 TI - Immunological and biochemical studies on the formolised toxoid of red scorpion venom. PMID- 7239591 TI - Diagnostic indices in acute renal failure. PMID- 7239590 TI - Chronic pulmonary tuberculosis in Marfan syndrome. PMID- 7239595 TI - Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Colombo environment. PMID- 7239589 TI - Pulmonary thrombo-embolism following deep vein thrombosis. PMID- 7239592 TI - Diagnostic colonoscopy. PMID- 7239588 TI - Congenital adenomatoid malformation of the lung. A case report of an uncommon variant. PMID- 7239593 TI - Toxoidation of venoms of poisonous Indian snakes. PMID- 7239597 TI - Effect of intrauterine position on foetal weight in CF rats. PMID- 7239596 TI - Experimental maternal renal insufficiency and the focal growth pattern. PMID- 7239598 TI - Alpha and non-haemolytic streptococcal bacteraemia. PMID- 7239599 TI - Alterations in induced oxytetracycline resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7239601 TI - A nutritional status study on privileged adolescent Gujarati boys. PMID- 7239602 TI - Quantitative determination of argemone oil in edible oils by thin layer chromatography. PMID- 7239600 TI - Effect of insertion of a silk thread suture in early pregnancy in rats. PMID- 7239604 TI - Effect of hydrocortisone on bactericidal activity of human neutrophils in vitro. PMID- 7239603 TI - The pharmacokinetic profile of chloramphenicol in protein-malnourished rats. PMID- 7239605 TI - Raised reverse triiodothyronine in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7239606 TI - Fiberoptic endoscopy, biopsy and directed brush cytology in esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 7239607 TI - Delta-beta thalassemia in 36 cases from 14 families. PMID- 7239608 TI - Comparative data on the detection of hepatitis-B surface antigen by six centres. PMID- 7239609 TI - Serum electrophoretic pattern in amyloidosis complicating pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 7239610 TI - First aid for cobra (Naja naja) bites. PMID- 7239611 TI - Neurological aspects of ophitoxemia (Indian krait)- A clinico-electromyographic study. PMID- 7239612 TI - Study of neonatal listeriosis in north India. PMID- 7239613 TI - Pre-operative and post-operative changes in immunoglobulin levels in open heart surgery. PMID- 7239614 TI - Immunopathogenicity of rat cardiac antigen II and its comparison with other cardiac antigens. PMID- 7239615 TI - Changes in cyanide as a function of storage time in autopsy material by UV spectrometry. PMID- 7239616 TI - Variations in the articular facets of the adult cuneiform bones. PMID- 7239617 TI - Fertility status of men following vaso-vasostomy. PMID- 7239618 TI - Acceptability of recommended balanced diets in adult males. PMID- 7239619 TI - Comparison between haemagglutination and toxin neutralisation for estimation of tetanus antibodies. PMID- 7239620 TI - Haemoglobin A2 levels in iron deficiency anaemia. PMID- 7239621 TI - A rich country inhabited by starving people. PMID- 7239622 TI - Planning a balanced diet for children of age 10-12 years by operations research. PMID- 7239624 TI - Nutrient intakes in Gaddi Rajput boys in the Himalayas. PMID- 7239623 TI - Health status of rural school children in Western Orissa. PMID- 7239625 TI - Family size, protein intake and malnutrition in an industrial area of Gwalior. PMID- 7239626 TI - Planning a newborn intensive care unit in developing countries. PMID- 7239627 TI - Spectrum of congenital malformations in the newborn. PMID- 7239628 TI - Congestive heart failure in the neonatal period. PMID- 7239631 TI - Biological effects of mineral fibres. Volume 1. Proceedings of a symposium. Lyon, France, 25-27 September 1979. PMID- 7239630 TI - Klippel-Feil syndrome with Bell's palsy. PMID- 7239629 TI - Fecal fistula developing in inguinal hernia. PMID- 7239632 TI - Surface interaction between chrysotile and solutions (dissolution and adsorption): systematic x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. AB - To test the reactivity of asbestos in relation to its physical and structural properties, surface analysis was made by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The dissolution kinetics of chrysotile in strong reagents demonstrate two rate limiting steps for the reaction: Mg2+ diffusion and chemical reaction. In some components of the Krebs cycle and in dilute hydrochloric and in oxalic acids, the reaction is limited by the exchange of Mg2+ in the first mineral layer. The interaction of model phospholipid membranes with chrysotile fibres was also studied; the results are in good agreement with the hypothesis of bilayer adsorption. Photoelectron data for adsorption of ghosts indicate that both proteins and phospholipids must be adsorbed onto chrysotile fibres. PMID- 7239633 TI - Measurement of fibres in human lung tissue. AB - The paper outlines application of a method based on magnetic alignment and light scattering to assessment of anthophyllite fibres in a large series of autopsy lung tissue specimens. Data are presented on fibre size and concentration. A child showed thicker and much longer fibres than did adults. PMID- 7239634 TI - Uses of the UICC samples. AB - The UICC samples are now used in a wider variety of applications than was originally envisaged. They have been employed in inhalation, ingestion, inoculation and in vitro experiments. Other applications are in identification of asbestos type in aerosols and tissues; standardization of conventional fibre counting; development and calibration of techniques and instruments for fibre assessment; and studies on influence of fibre size and shape on inhalation and retention. The paper outlines applications and gives literature references. PMID- 7239635 TI - Physics and chemistry of asbestos dust. PMID- 7239636 TI - Biological effects of attapulgite. AB - Some clay minerals occur naturally in a fibrous or lath-like crystal state as attapulgite and sepiolite. Because of their sorptive and colloidal properties, attapulgite and sepiolite have numerous industrial applications, mainly as additives in oil-drilling muds, in chemical fertilizers, pesticides, paints, adhesive products, bleaching agents, cosmetic compounds and phytosanitary products. World consumption of each is over one million tons annually. Acid treated attapulgite is used in the composition of certain drugs used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Such drugs available commercially in France were analysed for their mineral content by transmission electron microscopy and found to contain attapulgite fibres [mean length: 0.9 micrometers (0.1-3.6); mean diameter: 0.05 micrometers (0.01-0.5)]. The haemolytic activities of a Spanish attapulgite sample and of three samples of drugs sold in France were greater or similar to that of UICC chrysotile asbestos. Attapulgite fibres were encountered in large quantities in the lung washing fluid of a patient suffering from lung fibrosis who had been exposed recently for three years during the processing of attapulgite material. Attapulgite fibres were also found in a urine sample from a patient who had ingested 6-9 g/day of an attapulgite drug for six months. PMID- 7239637 TI - The pathology and mineral content of lungs in cases of mesothelioma in the United Kingdom in 1976. AB - A study was made of 93 cases of mesothelioma who died in 1976 in the United Kingdom. Lung tissue was available for mineral fibre analysis from 86 of these cases, and also from 29 cases of cerebrovascular disease and 27 cases of bronchial carcinoma, matched for place of death, age and sex with the mesothelioma cases. It was observed that: (1) mesothelioma patients had more amphibole fibres in their lungs than did control cases; (2) chrysotile fibres were not present in greater numbers in the mesothelioma patients than in the control cases; (3) four of the mesothelioma cases had no amphibole fibres in their lungs; two of these had chrysotile fibres, and the other two had no asbestos fibres; and (4) 30 cases of mesothelioma had no chrysotile fibres in their lungs. PMID- 7239638 TI - Diseases associated with asbestos in Spain. AB - In Spain, imported asbestos of all types is processed into fibre-cement and textile and friction materials, involving about 9000 workers. The author describes his studies in a small textile firm in Bilbao manufacturing textile and cardboard asbestos products from chrysotile and, until 1970, crocidolite. No mesotheliomas were found, but asbestosis, bronchial cancer and pleural changes were seen. Other studies carried out in Spain are described also. PMID- 7239639 TI - A Canadian experience of the pathological diagnosis of diffuse mesothelioma. AB - A review of 398 pleural and peritoneal tumours suggests that diffuse mesothelioma was probably present in 50-60%. However, objective assessment was frequently impeded by serious deficiencies in data or material, which affect the diagnostic grading of cases seen by panels. Observer variation in diagnosis also remains a significant problem. The value of panels for diagnosis could be greatly increased by the provision of adequate data/material and by meetings. PMID- 7239640 TI - Experiences with observer variation in mesothelioma panels. AB - The voting system used in the Dutch Mesothelioma Panel and in those of the European Communities and the IARC in the UK to estimate the probability of the histopathological diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma is described. Five categories are used: A: definite B: probable C: possible D: improbable E: definitely not The voting system facilitates measurement of probability and comparison of opinions, and good or reasonable agreement between panel members is achieved. Second viewing of the slides usually increases agreement. The percentages of dubious diagnoses are less when sufficiently large amounts of tissue are available. PMID- 7239641 TI - Current views on pathological aspects of asbestosis (the unresolved questions and problems). AB - The present criteria for the diagnosis of asbestosis are discussed, as are previous attempts to correlate the pathological with the clinical and radiological findings and the problem of the variable distribution of asbestos forms in routine sections taken from undoubted cases of asbestosis. Establishing lesser degrees of asbestosis is important, and lower limits need to be defined. Evidence is presented, with illustrative examples, of the value of concentration techniques; even for diagnostic purposes there is occasionally a need for more sophisticated electron microscopy techniques. The occurrence and the extent of diffuse interstitial inflammatory changes as part of the biological effects of asbestos exposure are illustrated; and the difficulties inherent in cases where there has been exposure to other dusts as well as to asbestos are described. PMID- 7239642 TI - Asbestos retention in human respiratory tissues: comparative measurements in lung parenchyma and in parietal pleura. AB - Asbestos fibres in respiratory tissues from 29 cases diversely exposed to asbestos dusts have been characterized, sized and counted using a transmission electron microscope. Comparison of data obtained by measurement of fibres in lung parenchyma and in parietal pleura samples showed the following: -- In each case, the proportion of chrysotile fibres (as opposed to amphiboles) was higher in parietal pleura than in lung parenchyma. (The proportion of chrysotile in pleura was greater than 90% in 30 of the 40 samples.) -- Fibres encountered in parietal pleura were shorter than those in the parenchyma. -- There was no evident correlation between numerical concentrations of fibres in lung parenchyma and those in parietal pleura. This study has shown that characteristics of asbestos retention in parietal pleura cannot be derived from measurements in lung parenchyma. On the basis of the cases analysed here, who were exposed to mixed types of asbestos dust, chrysotile seems to be the asbestos type retained almost exclusively in parietal pleural tissues. These findings might be taken into account when assessing the risk of pleural diseases (especially mesothelioma) attributable to each type of asbestos fibre. PMID- 7239643 TI - Immunology and asbestos. AB - A population exposed to asbestos while working in a dockyard has been studied longitudinally. Immunological tests using markers for subsets of lymphocytes and monocytes were employed. Evidence is presented that suggests that those with progressing pulmonary fibrosis may be pinpointed. From animal experimental work in relation to mesothelioma, it is suggested that macrophages may play a role in the control of this tumour. PMID- 7239644 TI - Mesothelioma in children. AB - A literature review of mesothelioma in children is presented. The role of nonoccupational exposure to asbestos fibres in the etiology of mesothelioma, and the relatively short latent period of the disease in children are discussed. The transplacental transfer of asbestos fibres and the physiology of the immunological system during intrauterine life and infancy may explain some of the differences between mesotheliomas in children and those in adults. PMID- 7239645 TI - Animal experiments on biological effects of mineral fibres. AB - The papers presented in this session are summarized. Although asbestos fibres produce tumours in a number of animal species tested, rats appear to be the most susceptible, in terms of latent period and numbers of tumours produced. The deposition, translocation and clearance of different types of fibres in the lung have been investigated in a number of experiments, and it has been shown that many of them migrate more readily than was previously thought; their penetration into the gut was the object of further investigation. The syncarcinogenicity with asbestos of various substances, such as benzo[a]pyrene, N-nitrosodiethylamine, cigarette smoke or radiation, is described. Experiments on the different carcinogenicities of different fibres are summarized; although it is pointed out that there is much controversy in this area. A hypothesis is presented whereby the carcinogenic potency of a fibre is dependent on various size parameters, based on length, diameter and length:diameter ratio. On the basis of this hypothesis, the carcinogenic potency of short fibres may be weak, but many short fibres may induce a tumour as easily as a few long fibres. Finally, a plea is made for a far greater number of well-defined standard samples of asbestos and man-made mineral fibres than exists at present, since there are currently great difficulties in comparing and interpreting results. PMID- 7239646 TI - Morphological, morphometric and x-ray microanalytical studies on lung tissue of rats exposed to chrysotile asbestos in inhalation chambres. AB - Rats were exposed to NIEHS short-range and to NIEHS intermediate-range chrysotile fibres for periods varying from one hour to one year. Following the exposures, the lungs from each animal were fixed by intratracheal instillation of 2% glutaraldehyde. Studies of fibre location following short exposure periods suggest that inhaled asbestos reaches the connective tissue compartment of the lung by passing through epithelial cells. X-ray energy microanalytical techniques were used to determine the magnesium to silicon ratios in fibres in situ. Inhaled particles were found to have decreased Mg:Si ratios if they were located in the interstitium, and many of the particles located within the alveolar airspaces had an even more marked decrease in the Mg:Si ratio. Morphometric techniques were used to quantitate structural changes occurring in the asbestos-treated animals. After three months of exposure, both types of chrysotile asbestos fibres caused similar increases in the volume of the alveolar epithelium, the interstitium and in alveolar macrophages. After twelve months of exposure, greater lung injury, involving both the alveolar epithelium and the interstitium, was found in animals exposed to the intermediate-range fibres. Physiological studies done after one year of asbestos exposure demonstrated a fall in total lung capacity and in vital capacity, which was most marked in the animals exposed to the intermediate-range fibres. These studies suggest that both classes of chrysotile fibres cause lung injury but that long fibres have the greater toxicity. PMID- 7239647 TI - A comparison of the pathological effects in rats of the UICC reference samples of amosite and chrysotile with those of amosite and chrysotile collected from the factory environment. AB - Inhalation studies were undertaken in rats to compare the pathogenic effects of samples of UICC amosite and chrysotile with those of amosite and chrysotile samples collected from the factory environment. Fibre length and diameter studies on the four dust samples showed that the UICC chrysotile cloud contained more long fibres than factory chrysotile, although the factory fibres tended to be thicker. The factory amosite cloud contained more long fibres than UICC amosite, but again the factory fibres were thicker. The factory dusts contained considerable amounts of impurities; in spite of this, the lung dust content of asbestos at the end of 12 months' dusting was higher with factory dusts than with UICC material. The UICC chrysotile and factory chrysotile produced similar levels of interstitial fibrosis, but the factory dust produced fewer malignant lung tumours. The factory amosite produced much more interstitial fibrosis than UICC amosite, but neither amosite cloud produced any malignant pulmonary tumours. These results are discussed in relation to current theories on the importance of fibre dimensions in the pathogenesis of lung disease. PMID- 7239648 TI - A study by electron microscopy of the effects of chrysotile and man-made mineral fibres on rat lungs. AB - The effects of inhalation of rock wool, coated and uncoated glass wool, glass fibre and UICC chrysotile B on the ultrastructure of the rat lung have been investigated. All fibres produced focal fibrosis, type II cell proliferation, an accumulation of cellular debris and lipid material and hyperplasia of both alveolar cells and cells lining the terminal airways. The fibrosis was more marked following inhalation of chrysotile than after exposure to man-made mineral fibre. PMID- 7239649 TI - Combined carcinogenic action of chrysotile asbestos dust and N nitrosodiethylamine on the respiratory tract of Syrian golden hamsters. AB - The combined carcinogenic activity of intratracheally inoculated Canadian chrysotile asbestos dust and orally or subcutaneously administered NDEA has been studied in long-term experiments in Syrian golden hamsters. In animals treated with asbestos only, no lung tumours developed, and single tracheal or laryngeal papillomas were found in only a very few cases. In animals treated with asbestos and NDEA, a synergistic effect which increased the incidence of lung tumours was observed. PMID- 7239651 TI - Experimental demonstration of the penetration of asbestos fibres into the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Evidence for a no-threshold concentration-effect relationship for many environmental carcinogens, and especially for asbestos fibres, has been substantiated. Thus, the risk for humans of low concentrations of fibres in the diet could be predicted if the absorption of fibres through the gut could be measured. In this study, the behaviour of ingested fibres (asbestos and attapulgite) has been investigated by the collection of lymph, as described by Bollman et al. (1948). Fibres were found to cross the gut wall and to circulate in the abdominal lymph at 2-24 hours after feeding. The kinetics of the fibre passage could be measured: 50% of the total load absorbed was found in the lymph within the first six hours. The greatest fibre passage was observed with long asbestos fibres, which reached 2.1 X 10(-4) of the ingested load. Selection of the longest fibres was observed when size distributions were compared in the lymph and in the diet. negative results were obtained consistently in controls and in some of the treated animals. Lymph collection was found to be the most appropriate method for detecting intestinal absorption. PMID- 7239652 TI - Effect of length on the clearance of fibres from the lung and on body formation. AB - Studies of the effect of fibre length on lung clearance have shown that fibres less than 5 micrometers in length are removed more efficiently than are longer fibres. The probability of body formation occurring increases with fibre length. It appears possible that thin fibres of given length are coated less readily than thick fibres, but further work is required to substantiate this. PMID- 7239650 TI - Mesothelioma induced by intrapleural injection of different types of fibres in rats; synergistic effect of other carcinogens. AB - Intrapleural injections of 20 mg of various mineral fibres were made to rats. Three types of fibres (chrysotile, crocidolite and glass fibres) were untreated; other chrysotile fibres were leached to different degrees. The results show that chrysotile is the most toxic of the three: animals died sooner and presented mesotheliomas earlier. With increased leaching, toxicity and carcinogenic effect decreased. Crocidolite is less toxic than untreated chrysotile but later produces as many mesotheliomas; with glass fibres, some mesotheliomas are observed. Small groups of animals were exposed to two types of irradiation before intrapleural injection of 2 mg of chrysotile. Whole-body irradiation was delivered to a third group of animals which were given asbestos-contaminated food. The paper analyses the synergistic action of these two insults. PMID- 7239653 TI - Tumour induction after intraperitoneal injection of fibrous dusts. AB - I.p. injection of glass fibres to rats of different strains resulted partly in different tumour rates. Young rats showed more marked coalescence and earlier growth of tumours but also earlier mortality without tumours, as compared with older rats. Haemorrhagic ascites from tumour-bearing rats induced tumours after i.p. injection. Tumours were also obtained after i.p. injection of fibres in European hamsters and rabbits, but these species are less susceptible than rats. Histological studies in rats show that fibrosis is not an absolute requirement for the development of a fibre-induced mesothelioma. After intratracheal instillation of either crocidolite or glass fibres in European hamsters, the respective fibres showed up in the diaphragm and in the spleen. PMID- 7239654 TI - Pretumorous lesions and lung and pleural tumours induced by asbestos in rats, Syrian golden hamsters and Macaca mulatta (rhesus) monkeys. AB - Asbestos samples were injected into the right pleural cavity of random-bred rats (20 mg thrice monthly). Milled commercial chrysotile induced pleural mesotheliomas in 65.5%, its dust in 46.3%, milled synthetic chrysotile in 2.4%, milled commercial magnesia-arphvedsonite in 77.1%, milled commercial anthophyllite in 41.4%, its dust in 64.9% and milled synthetic hydroxyamphibole in 54.5%. Intratracheal injections (10 mg twice monthly) of milled commercial chrysotile into Syrian golden hamsters induced lung tumours in 63% (malignant in 44.4%, benign in 18.5%), synthetic chrysotile in 23% (malignant in 7.7%, benign in 15.3%), commercial magnesia-arphvedsonite (5 mg twice monthly) in 80.8% (malignant in 46.2%, benign in 34.6%) and synthetic hydroxyamphibole (5 mg twice monthly) in 63.4% (malignant in 19.2%, benign in 44.2%). Benzo[a]pyrene adsorbed or added to asbestos dust stimulated asbestos-induced lung carcinogenesis in rats but had no influence on pleural carcinogenesis. Pretumorous lesions were found in lung tissue and in pleural mesothelium in all experiments in rats, hamsters and monkeys after instillations of asbestos into the lungs and pleural cavity. The morphological picture of the pretumorous lesions and tumours was similar in all experiments. Diffuse and focal hyperplasia and proliferation of epithelium-like and fibroblast-like mesothelial cells were observed. Benign (adenoma-like, fibrous) and malignant (carcinoma-like, sarcoma-like, mixed) mesotheliomas were also found. PMID- 7239655 TI - Quantification and particle size distribution of inhaled fibres in the lung. AB - The number and size distribution of fibres in the lungs of 11 asbestos-exposed and 10 nonexposed individuals were determined. For fibre isolation, low temperature incineration of lung tissue was used. The mean numbers of fibres per gram of dry lung, based on light microscopy, were 141.9 X 10(6) and 1.5 X 10(6) in the asbestos-exposed and nonexposed lungs, respectively. The fibre length found most frequently ranged between 3-5 micrometers in both groups. Asbestos, either chrysotile or amphibole, was found only in the group occupationally exposed to asbestos. No correlation between number of fibres and lung pathology could be established. PMID- 7239656 TI - Dimensions of fibres in relation to biological activity. AB - Intrathoracic tumours were induced in Syrian golden hamsters given intrapleural injections of chrysotile, tremolite or glass fibres; but the carcinogenicity of these materials was reduced or disappeared with reductions in fibre size. After lifetime administration of UICC amosite in drinking-water, a peritoneal mesothelioma, a pulmonary carcinoma and two early squamous-cell carcinomas of the forestomach were found in 4 of 180 hamsters. No tumours related to treatment were found in animals exposed to fibre-shaped particles of cummingtonite/grunerite, mineralogically related to amosite but of shorter length. PMID- 7239658 TI - The comparative effects of three chrysotiles by injection and inhalation in rats. AB - Three samples of chrysotile, UICC Canadian chrysotile, a grade 7 Canadian chrysotile and a super fine sample (SFA) also from a Canadian mine, were compared in animal experiments using rats of the Wistar strain. All the materials contained impurities. The average length and diameter of the fibres contained in the UICC chrysotile cloud were less than for the other two chrysotiles, but the higher fibre count meant that the UICC cloud contained more fibres of all lengths. In the first experiment, groups of 48 rats were injected intrapleurally with 20 mg of respirable dust. Mesotheliomas occurred with all samples; 18 with SFA, 13 with grade 7, and five with UICC chrysotile. In the second experiment, rats were exposed to a respirable cloud of about 1 mg/m3 for 35 hours a week. Groups of 48 rats were exposed for three months, 24 for six months and 24 for 12 months. Malignant lung tumours occurred with all the dusts; 10 with UICC chrysotile, 4 with SFA, and 1 with grade 7. However, only one of these tumours, obtained with SFA, was a mesothelioma. PMID- 7239657 TI - Animal experiments with man-made mineral fibres. PMID- 7239659 TI - Effects of inhaled asbestos, asbestos plus cigarette smoke, asbestos-cement and talc baby powder in hamsters. AB - Chronic exposure of hamsters to chrysotile asbestos resulted in severe asbestosis in all animals and in increased mortality; concomitant exposure to cigarette smoke did not affect type or severity of asbestotic lesions. Chronic exposure to asbestos-cement dust increased the number of macrophages and ferruginous bodies. Exposure to talc baby powder caused no significant changes. Deposition of talc particles in the lungs was demonstrated by X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction and by a study with neutron-activated talc. No malignant tumours were observed in any of these studies. PMID- 7239660 TI - Experimental pathology -- in vitro studies -- related to asbestos and other mineral fibres. AB - Current studies on the biologically relevant characteristics of inhalable fibres are described, including the papers presented in this session. The various cell systems used in in vitro tests, i.e., diploid and permanent proliferating and nonproliferating cells, are listed, as are the different endpoints of these tests. It is shown that use of in vitro tests complements the use of animal experimentation. Opinions on the nature of the acute toxic effects of asbestos fibres on macrophages differ; however, the dependence of toxicity on fibre length has been demonstrated in this system. These data show that the effects of mineral fibres in vitro give an indication of their potential fibrogenicity in vivo. Other cell culture systems, reported in papers in this session, include hamster lung fibroblasts, rat pleural mesothelial cells and mesothelioma cells. Experiments in which fibre geometry is altered, e.g., by acid treatment, indicate that it is an important factor in cytotoxicity; the haemolytic effect of fibres, however, appears to depend on their chemical composition. Thus, a combined physical-chemical effect would appear to be involved. In vitro testing has also made possible investigation of immunological and chromosomal changes due to inhalation of asbestos fibres. The practical use of findings made in vitro is also summarized. PMID- 7239661 TI - The use of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of diffuse mesotheliomas using human pleural effusions. AB - Transmission electron microscopy has been found to be of greater value than scanning electron microscopy in the differential diagnosis of mesothelial reaction, malignant mesothelioma and metastatic carcinoma. It is possible to remove identified cells from slides for transmission electron microscopy, and this is particularly valuable when an urgent diagnosis is required. PMID- 7239662 TI - The effect of mineral fibres on macrophages. AB - The release of enzymes from mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to amphibole asbestos, man-made mineral fibres and nonsilicate mineral fibres, was examined. All materials caused the release of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactic dehydrogenase and also caused the release of significantly higher levels of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase. In some instances, the fibrous nature of the minerals was important for their activities. The release of enzymes from the cells appears to correlate with the fibrogenicity of the minerals in vivo. PMID- 7239663 TI - The cytotoxicity of UICC and modified asbestos fibres in vitro. AB - Samples of asbestos were tested for their potential to damage P388D1 cells and erythrocytes. The results obtained using the two systems were generally in agreement, with the amphibole being less cytotoxic and haemolytic than the chrysotile samples. Fibre length distributions for the chrysotile samples were relatively similar, so that, for this material, cytotoxicity and fibre length could not be correlated. However, some relationship was seen with amosite samples. Although there was agreement in some cases between cytotoxicity in vitro and the numbers of mesotheliomas produced in rats during a separate study using the same dusts, this relationship was not obvious for many of the samples tested. PMID- 7239664 TI - Characterization and properties of asbestos-cement dust. PMID- 7239665 TI - Electrophysiological changes induced by asbestos in macrophage-like cells during long-term culture. AB - The effect of UICC asbestos samples on the electrophysiology of cell membranes has been investigated in a permanent macrophage-like cell line. Membrane potential and input resistance were measured in cells exposed to chrysotile, crocidolite or amosite in media with and without serum. This approach has demonstrated that different fibres can cause different changes in electrophysiological characteristics both during the early phagocytic phase and when cytotoxicity becomes apparent, suggesting that different mechanisms of cytotoxicity are involved. PMID- 7239667 TI - The in vivo effects of glass fibres on alveolar macrophage membrane characteristics. AB - The effects of inhalation of fibre-glass fibres over a prolonged period on certain membrane-related characteristics of rat alveolar macrophages have been investigated. Macrophage populations varied in size from 10-40 micrometers and showed an enhanced ability to spread across a glass substrate. An increase in the percentage of cells forming EA rosettes as well as an increased avidity of Fc receptors when compared with control macrophages was observed. When macrophages from fibreglass-dusted rats were cultured in vitro with autochthonous lymphocytes, a prolonged physical interaction occurred. These observations closely parallel these made in earlier studies on animals exposed to crocidolite asbestos. PMID- 7239668 TI - The effect on prolonged inhalation of crocidolite asbestos on macrophage lymphocyte interaction. AB - The effect of prolonged inhalation of crocidolite asbestos on the physical interactions between alveolar macrophages and the T-lymphocyte population was investigated. When macrophages from dusted rats (dusted macrophages) were cultured with lymphocytes, a prolonged physical interaction occurred followed by lymphocyte proliferation. It was demonstrated that dusted macrophages could bind lymphocytes nonspecifically due to the presence of aldehyde-like groups on the membrane. Dusted macrophages could also, as a consequence of antigen-like molecules appearing in the membrane, give rise to specifically sensitized lymphocytes. PMID- 7239666 TI - How pleural mesothelial cells react in vitro with chrysotile fibres. AB - A culture system of rat pleural mesothelial cells has been developed for short term experiments and long-term maintenance. In short-term experiments, endocytosis of chrysotile fibres (100 microgram/ml) has been demonstrated by electron microscopy of the pleura in situ. Structural modifications, mainly cytoplasmic vacuolization, were observed when the cells were cultured with sublethal doses of chrysotile (0.5, 1, 2 and 10 micrograms/ml). Untreated cells had a mean population doubling time of 37 hours. When the cells were treated with 2 or 10 micrograms/ml, the mean population doubling time was slightly increased. PMID- 7239670 TI - Practical application of magnetic alignment of mineral fibres for hazard evaluation. AB - Techniques and instrumentation have been developed employing the magnetic alignment of fibrous dust collected on membrane filters coupled with light scatter measurement for the accurate and reproducible assessment of airborne fibre hazard. This equipment, specifically designed to measure asbestos hazard, is built into a standard microscope, which also incorporates a facility for manual fibre counting and for bulk sample identification. With this new technique, up to 100 samples per day can be analysed automatically, compared with some 10-15 samples per day by manual counting. Collected fibres are assessed from areas of membrane filters some 30 times greater than those with manual methods; consequently, a more representative result ensues. These techniques lend themselves to considerable and varied application and involve relatively inexpensive instrumentation. PMID- 7239671 TI - Identification and quantification of asbestos fibres in human tissues. AB - The examination of three dust preparations by two independent laboratories using analytical transmission microscopic techniques has shown that comparable results can be produced. Further interlaboratory collaboration is required, however, to clarify and improve the results that can be obtained. Those areas that require further investigation are data interpretation from energy-dispersive X-ray analysis equipment and counting procedures. The results that have been obtained so far by interlaboratory collaboration are very encouraging, and it is hoped that such joint efforts will be expanded in the future. PMID- 7239669 TI - Comparison of length-dependent cytotoxicity of inhalable asbestos and man-made mineral fibres. AB - Fibres of various defined length distributions were tested in vitro and in vivo. Tumour cells with phagocytic ability were used as the in vitro test system. DNA and protein synthesis and cell proliferation and enzyme release (LDH) were determined. Using gravimetrical and numerical doses in cultures, good indications of the toxicity of single fibres were found. It was possible to demonstrate clear cut relationships between fibre length and cytotoxicity. In this test system, the toxicity of fibres increases with increasing length. The results of the cell experiments also furnish important indications of the doses of fibrous dusts to be used in animal tests and of the possibility of comparing different fibres with each other, especially with respect to the numerical or gravimetrical quantification of fibre fractions. Amosite, chrysotile, crocidolite and glass fibres of three or four different length spectra were tested. PMID- 7239673 TI - A comparison of fibre dimensions in chrysotile, crocidolite and amosite particles from samples of airborne dust and from post-mortem lung tissue specimens. PMID- 7239672 TI - Dimensions of airborne asbestos fibres. AB - Systematic measurements were made of the dimensions of fibres found in the air in mines and mills for crocidolite, amosite and chrysotile. Samples were collected on membrane filters and examined in light, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopes. The proportion of short fibres was shown to decrease with extent of processing, especially for amosite. No airborne fibres had a diameter greater than 3 micrometers, and all would therefore be capable of reaching the pulmonary alveoli. It was shown that for the same airborne mss of the different varieties of asbestos, fewer amosite fibres would be present than crocidolite or chrysotile fibres. Most of the fibres to which workers are exposed are short and thin. It was also shown that the choice of analytical method and the limits of fibre dimension that can be observed are critical. Thus, fibres greater than 5 micrometers which are visible in the light microscope represent only a small proportion of the total fibre count, and transmission electron microscopic methods can lead to under-reporting of long fibres. PMID- 7239674 TI - Physical and chemical characteristics of UICC reference samples. AB - New data on the physical and chemical characteristics of the UICC standard reference samples are presented. Aspects such as fibre length and diameter distribution, composition and special electrical and magnetic properties are covered. The possibility of preparing samples with graded characteristics is raised. A new edition of the data sheets is proposed. PMID- 7239675 TI - The sizing of fibres using optical scattering. AB - The light scattering pattern from absorbing cylinders has been shown to be adequately described by Fraunhofer diffraction for cylinders with diameters as small as 4 micrometers for light of wavelength 632.8 nm. A simple inversion procedure based on a Fourier transform of the scattering pattern may be used to obtain the size distribution of fibre widths. For fibres of diameter less than 4 micrometers the same inversion procedure may be used when an electron micrograph of the fibres becomes the scattering object. The size distribution for aligned and unaligned fibres may be obtained directly, and no initial calibration is required. PMID- 7239676 TI - Tetanus neonatorum: A continuing problem. PMID- 7239677 TI - Blood transfusion in children with severe anaemia. PMID- 7239678 TI - Sickle-syndromes: a study of 44 cases from Bombay. PMID- 7239679 TI - Tetanus neonatorum--its epidemiology and management. PMID- 7239681 TI - A study of pattern of eruption of deciduous teeth. PMID- 7239680 TI - A study of tetanus neonatorum: different regimens of treatment. PMID- 7239682 TI - Assessment of hearing in small children. PMID- 7239683 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (a case report). PMID- 7239684 TI - Ollier's disease (a case report). PMID- 7239685 TI - Occult intrasacral meningocele (a case report). PMID- 7239687 TI - Diarrhea in infants and young children. PMID- 7239686 TI - Obstructive uropathy in unilateral kidney (a case report). PMID- 7239688 TI - Enterotoxigenic Klebsiella associated diarrhea in children. PMID- 7239689 TI - Oral rehydration therapy for diarrhea in children. PMID- 7239690 TI - Acute gastroenteritis and renal failure. PMID- 7239692 TI - A study of breast feeding practices in South Orissa. PMID- 7239691 TI - Alkaline phosphatase activity in human transitional milk. PMID- 7239693 TI - An outbreak of poliomyelitis in Allahabad. PMID- 7239696 TI - Henoch-Schonlein nephritis: case report. PMID- 7239695 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma. Case reports. PMID- 7239697 TI - Role of aerobic conditions in the control of cell proliferation. AB - Our experiments demonstrate that proliferation of human lymphocytes as well as fibroblasts is inhibited by oxygen. It is not a toxic effect and it has been possible to find an intermediary link in intracellular glycolysis, oxidate metabolism, or macromolecule synthesis. Accessory cells may reduce the inhibitory action of oxygen, thereby exerting an influence on the growth rate. In view of recent hypotheses on the mediation of hormone effects via a membrane dehydrogenase system our results may indicate that also the mitotic activation is dependent on the redox state of the membrane for the function of a proton gradient across the plasma membrane itself, delivering energy for glucose and amino acid transport. PMID- 7239694 TI - Lymphangiomas in children: a clinico-pathological study. PMID- 7239698 TI - Effect of age on mast cell granules. AB - Padawer has proposed that rat mast cells in the peritoneal cavity have an extended lifespan and under normal conditions exhibit little turnover of their secretory granules. We have examined several constituents of the granules as part of a study of the structure and function of these organelles. The previously described increase in volume of mast cells with age of the rats from which the cells are obtained is associated with an increase in the quantity of histamine, heparin, beta-glucuronidase and mast cell protease. While the former 3 granule components increase in parallel with mast cell volume, the increase in protease between 3- and 6-month-old rats is in excess of cell volume and the other 3 granule component. Granules from rats 1 month or less in age tend to be more difficult to isolate with their surrounding membranes intact. PMID- 7239699 TI - Induction of hypersensitivity reactions to Lactobacillus fermentum and lipoteichoic acid in rabbits. Part II. AB - Regimens of intravenous injections of saline-washed Lactobacillus fermentum elicited hypersensitivity reactions in rabbits. Pathological investigation revealed evidence consistent with induction of aggregate anaphylaxis, characterised by acute cor pulmonale. Additional evidence of similar tissue injury was observed in livers of rabbits which had received several intravenous injections of L. fermentum. Deposition of immune complexes in kidney glomeruli was demonstrated in only 1 out of 11 animals. Skin testing experiments revealed that lipoteichoic acid was involved in type I and type II antibody-mediated hypersensitive states. The involvement of bacterial cell surface components and extracellular products in such reactions implies a potential role in host tissue injury. PMID- 7239700 TI - A morphometrical study of chicken spleen with special reference to the bursa dependence of the white pulp. AB - Histoquantitative methods were applied to the study of the bursa dependence of the while pulp structures of normal chickens and chickens bursectomized neonatally by surgical means or chemically by the anal application of colchicine solution. The morphometrical analysis of the spleens from 6- and 12-week-old bursectomized chickens showed that the amount of the white pulp tissue and its compartments, periellipsoidal lymphoid tissue (PELT), periarteriolar lymphoid tissue (PALT) as well as the number of the germinal centers (GC), were decreased, when compared to the controls. The perivenous lymphoid tissue (PVLT) seemed not to be affected by the bursectomies. The results indicate that the PELT, PALT and GCs are bursa-dependent structures of chicken spleen, whereas the PVLT seems to be bursa-independent. PMID- 7239702 TI - Piece-wise EEG analysis: an objective evaluation. AB - In this paper, a method is described to evaluate EEGs by means of a piece-wise analysis. The procedure involves the recursive computation of a 5th-order autoregressive model by means of a Kalman filter. As an illustration the result of applying this method to sleep recordings is described in this paper. Also, an objective comparison of this method with a more conventional approach (based on analyzing 30-s intervals), and with adaptive segmentation (Praetorius et al., 1977) was carried out using the same data. The results obtained indicate that our method is useful in extracting elementary patterns from an EEG and that the piece wise analysis approach is to be favored over more conventional techniques. PMID- 7239701 TI - 18F-labeled lower fluoroalkanes; reactor-produced gaseous physiological tracers. PMID- 7239703 TI - Computers to aid athletes' performance. PMID- 7239705 TI - The use of a microcomputer in a biomedical research project. AB - The use of an inexpensive microcomputer system in an NIH-supported biomedical research project is explained. Computer programs which store and analyze air pollution data; records from hospitals, doctors' offices, pharmacies, and schools; and data from a community public health survey are described. The analysis consists primarily of calculations of various temporal and geographical correlation coefficients in order to determine whether particulate air pollution is affecting public health in southern Puerto Rico. PMID- 7239704 TI - The simulation of human core temperature. AB - Two fit subjects performed two cycle-ergometer exercise bouts, one of 200 W for 48 min with a following 12-min recovery phase and one of 250 W for 30 min with a subsequent 15-min monitored recovery period. Experiments were performed in ambient conditions of 18 +/- 1 degrees C, 52% relative humidity +/- 5% and 0.5 m.s-1 + 0.5 air velocity (mean +/- range). Experimental values obtained from rectal and tympanic temperature sites were compared with simulation figures produced from a FORTRAN model of human thermoregulation. Data obtained provide qualified experimental support for the concept of a simple feedback model to simulate human core temperature during exercise in ambient temperatures below 20 degrees C. PMID- 7239706 TI - Pharmacokinetic analysis and calculations using a program for the minicalculator TI-59. AB - The described pharmacokinetic program for TI-59 is in clinical practice applicable in analyses of plasma concentration profiles established after single dose, intravenous or oral administration of drugs showing one- or two-compartment first-order pharmacokinetics. Analysis of multiple dose, steady state plasma concentration data may also be carried out. Predictions of mean steady state plasma concentrations related to multiple dose drug administration are obtainable on the basis of a preceding single-dose pharmacokinetic analysis. The program contains routines for: exponential regression analysis, determination of and treatment of residuals, simulation of plasma concentration curves, corrections for time-defined intravenous infusion substituting for bolus injection, determination of and correction for lag-time and routines for calculation of fitted and derived pharmacokinetic parameters. Naproxen and theophylline plasma concentration data were used to demonstrate the practical applications of the program. PMID- 7239707 TI - Epilepsy: a heuristic model for relating nocturnal sleep EEG spike distributions to the risk of seizure. AB - The cumulative temporal distribution of epileptiform events in the sleep EEG of epileptic patients is represented by a second-degree regression equation as a basis for summarizing properties of the spike distribution. This heuristic regression model attempts to provide a quantitative as well as an intuitive physical basis for understanding the relationship between epileptiform events and the state of the epileptic patient. The mathematical model is derived in this paper and the regression parameters associated with the model are interpreted. Computer implementation of the epileptiform event detection and the regression analysis have been carried out and typical results obtained from all-night EEG recordings are described. PMID- 7239709 TI - Fv-2r-mediated resistance of mouse bone-marrow cells to Friend spleen focus forming virus infecton. AB - A target cell assay based on the formation of infectious centers (IC) was used to characterize the Fv-2resistance gene of mice. Dose-response curves were obtained for the number of IC generated from incubated mixtures of bone-marrow cells and Friend virus (FV). The hemopoietic stimulus of bleeding increased the frequency of potential "target" cells capable of forming IC in DBA/2 but not in D2.Fv-2r mice; however, even without the bleeding stimulus D2.Fv-2r mice contained fewer target cells in their bone marrow than DBA/2 mice. During the first 48 h postinfection a massive dose of FV overcame the inhibitory effect of the FV-2r gene as measured by the release of FV from the spleen. However, the concentration of IC recoverable from the spleens of these infected mice was still much lower in the D2.Fv-2r strain. When irradiated F1 hybrid hosts were used as recipients for the proliferation of infected donor cells, splenic IC were not generated as efficiently from infected bone-marrow cells of D2.Fv-2r origin as from those of DBA/2 origin. However, the amounts of SFFV recoverable were approximately the same. Similarly, after in vitro infection there was no great difference between the amounts of SFFV released from bone-marrow cells of DBA/2 and D2.Fv-2r mice. We conclude that the primary effect of the Fv-2r gene may be to inhibit the formation and proliferation of IC in vivo, and that SFFV replication could be inhibited secondarily. PMID- 7239710 TI - Metastasis: reticuloendothelial system and organ retention of disseminated malignant cells. AB - The lung retention patterns of B16 melanoma cells were determined after intravenous injection of [125l]dUrd-labelled tumor cells into B16 melanomabearing mice. Experiments were performed with mice undergoing acute or chronic reactions to bacterial endotoxin or zymosan, both of which were shown to modify the activity of the reticuloendothelial system as assessed by carbon clearance assays. On the one hand, the release of arrested melanoma cells from the lungs was retarded in mice with both endotoxin-and zymosan- induced acute inflammation. There was a parallel increase in the numbers of pulmonary tumor nodules which developed after injection of non-radiolabelled melanoma cells into similarly treated groups of mice. On the other hand, fewer tumor cells were retained in the lungs of mice undergoing chronic responses to endotoxin, and fewer pulmonary tumor nodules subsequently arose after injection of unlabelled cells. However, in mice pre-treated with zymosan, retention of melanoma cells was not different from that in controls and greatly increased numbers of pulmonary nodules grew in zymosan pre-treated mice receiving non-radiolabelled cells. These experiments were discussed in terms of the contribution of the reticuloendothelial system to the release of arrested cancer cells from the pulmonary vasculature. PMID- 7239708 TI - Dissociation of anchorage independence form tumorigenicity in human cell hybrids. AB - The association between anchorage independence and tumorigenicity was examined using a series of intraspecific human cell hybrids. The cell lines represented non-tumorigenic HeLa/fibroblast hybrids and tumorigenic segregants derived from them. These segregants had lost no more than 5% of the original chromosome complement. Both non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic cell populations formed colonies in methyl cellulose. The relative size of the colonies seemed to be inherited as a stable trait. Serial cloning of nontumorigenic hybrids in methyl cellulose led to an enhanced efficiency of colony formation but no selection for tumorigenic segregants. Thus, the property of anchorage independence is clearly dissociated from tumorigenicity in this human cell system. An ancillary observation was the chromosomal stability of the hybrids over many population doublings. This intraspecific human cell model therefore provides a genotypically and phenotypically stable system for examination of the genetic control of transformation and neoplasia. PMID- 7239711 TI - Effect of the intermittent administration of N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) on the tumor incidence in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - N-Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) was administered orally to 320 Sprague-Dawley rats. An additional group of 80 rats served as an untreated control. There were four experimental groups in which the effects of different periods of dosing and varied intervals without treatment were compared. The total dose for all the groups was constant and was 792 mg/kg body weight. The schedules of carcinogen application had a significant effect on the observed cancer risk. The different tumor indicences in the individual groups could not be attributed to differences in the survival pattern, but were related to the changes in the different treatment schedules. PMID- 7239712 TI - Lymphocytes that mediate systemic resistance to in vivo growth of a carcinogen induced syngeneic tumor. AB - Wistar rats immunized with irradiated syngeneic methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma, Mc7, are able to suppress a subsequent challenge of this tumor. Cells obtained from thoracic-duct lymph of these tumor-immunized animals and infused intravenously into normal syngeneic rats transfer specific tumor resistance to the recipients. These mediators of tumor resistance have the characteristics of T lymphocytes that are in a nonproliferating state and have an effective life span at least 2 weeks in normal recipient rats. PMID- 7239713 TI - Induction of transplantation immunity to rat colon carcinoma isografts by implantation of intact fetal colon tissue. AB - The objective of this study was to demonstrate whether intact fetal colon tissue can induce immunity to large-bowel cancer isografts. Adult rats were immunized against fetal antigens by implantation of mitomycin-C-treated intact fetal colon tissue beneath the renal capsule. Control animals received implants of pieces of intact adult colon tissue. Kidneys containing the implants were removed after 3 or 5 weeks and the rats were challenged with isografts of a 1,2-dimethylhydrazin (DMH)-induced colon carcinoma. Significant inhibition of tumor growth was observed in immunized groups compared to controls. The present results indicate that some embro-fetal antigens expressed in intact colon tissue of 13 to 15-day old fetuses are also expressed in colon carcinoma cells and can act as transplantation antigens. PMID- 7239714 TI - Adenovirus type-12 tumor antigen. III. Tumorigenicity and immune response to syngeneic rat cells transformed with virions and isolated transforming fragment of adenovirus 12 DNA. PMID- 7239715 TI - Development of carcinogen-induced skin tumors in mice with varied states of immune capacity. AB - The incidence of tumor formation in MCA-treated skin grafted onto maximally immunosuppressed mice that had been restored to varying extents with normal spleen cells was significantly greater in the mice with intermediate immune capacities than in those that had either minimal or maximal capacities. A similar biphasic tumor incidence curve was observed when MCA-treated skin was grafted onto mice of varying immune capacities, produced by thymectomy and varying doses of whole-body irradiation. Significantly more tumors occurred in the mice given moderate doses of irradiation than in tohse given higher or lower doses. That both of these procedures were actually able to induce discrete levels of immunocompetence was demonstrated by measuring skin allograft rejection times. The immunomodulated mice were observed to have skin graft rejection times which strongly correlated with the number of immunologically competent spleen cells transferred into them. The outgrowth potential of syngeneic normal mammary epithelial cells grafted into cleared mammary fat pads was similar in both immunologically altered and normal control mice, showing that immunoaltered and normal control mice were equally able to support the growth of transplanted normal tissues. These results, which conform with the predictions of the immunostimulation hypothesis, suggest that the immune response is able to stimulate as well as inhibit oncogenesis. PMID- 7239717 TI - Chemical transformation of cultured human skin fibroblasts derived from individuals with hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum. AB - Chemical transformation of cultured human skin fibroblasts (PF) derived from individuals with hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum is reported. Cells treated only with various levels of N-methyl-N'-nitro N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) underwent morphological alteration. The morphologically altered cells formed large aggregates when suspended in liquid growth medium above an agar base and grew to high saturation densities. One altered (MNNG, 1.0 microgram/ml) cell culture formed colonies in soft agar. Transformed cells were resistant to rechallenge of MNNG (l microgram/ml) and showed a more prolonged life-span compared to the untreated cells. Altered cells became heteroploid cells. However, no progressively growing tumors were produced when cells were inoculated subcutaneously into nude mice. The data suggest that chemical carcinogens alone may not induce neoplastic transformation of fibroblasts from humans genetically predisposed to cancer and that neoplastic transformation of these skin cells by chemical carcinogens might require the presence of a tumor promotor and the use of an immuno-privileged site in the nude mouse system. PMID- 7239716 TI - Chromosome analyses of lymphoid cell lines derived from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - To study chromosome complements of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, six Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoid lines were established from two patients with this disease who were heterozygous for the X-chromosome-linked enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Immunoglobulin and G6PD were used as markers of the leukemic versus normal cell origin of the cell lines. The two lines, derived from putative normal cells, had no chromosomal changes. In contrast, chomosome abnormalities were found in each of the four cell lines of presumed leukemic cell origin. Although the chromosome aberrations are not as specific as the Philadelphia chromosome, there appears to be non-random involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia of some chromosomes, such as the No. 12. PMID- 7239719 TI - The humoral antibody response of rats immunized with chemically modified syngeneic brain cells and glioma cells. AB - Six-month-old Fischer rats (F344) were given the carcinogen methylnitrosourea in their drinking water. Of the induced brain tumors, four were established in culture and propagated as 78FR-G-219 (pleomorphic glioma), 78FR-G-299 (astrocytoma), 78FR-G-284 and 78FR-G-344 (mixed glioma) permanent lines. All cell lines produced S-100 protein and grew as tumors when inoculated s.c. or i.c. in syngeneic hosts. A comparative study of the antigenicity of these lines at different passage levels was carried out using native and chemically modified cells. Syngeneic rats were immunized with cells conjugated with dimethylsulfate and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. The immune response was characterized and quantified by an indirect immunofluorescence method and by a complement-dependent microcytotoxicity test. Chemical modification of the tumor cells enhanced antigenicity of the treated cells. The best results were attained with trinitrobenzene sulfonic-acid-treated cells and constituted a two-fold increase in the cytotoxicity index. Cytotoxicity values varied in the different cell lines. Antisera raised with trinitrobenzene sulfonic-acid-modified cells of all lines cross-reacted with cells of all lines. Cytotoxicity values were insignificantly reduced by absorbing the antisera with a variety of syngeneic tissues. Antisera raised against native syngeneic brain cells showed virtually no cytotoxicity for glioma cells. Antisera raised against syngeneic brain cells treated with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, however, were slightly cytotoxic for normal brain cells and glioma cells as well. The results of the present studies show that antigenicity of glioma cells can be definitely raised with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid treatment. Furthermore, it would seem that haptenization of glioma-associated antigens may be a promising approach ot the study of glioma-host interactions. PMID- 7239720 TI - Metastatic tumor cells adhere preferentially to the extracellular matrix underlying vascular endothelial cells. AB - Two metastatic cell lines, mouse B16-Fl melanoma and human Hs939 melanoma, were examined for their abilities to adhere to confluent vascular endothelial cell monolayers and to the underlying endothelial extracellular matrix. Tumor cells attacked slowly to the endothelial cell monolayers while they adhered rapidly to isolated extracellular matrix. When analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate solutions, the extracellular matrix was shown to be primarily composed of a protein of identical migration and molecular weight to fibronectin. Tumor-cell adhesion to fibronectin-coated polyvinyl surfaces mimicked the rapid rate of attachment of tumor cells to extracellular matrix, and tumor cells adherent to either extracellular matrix or fibronectin coated polyvinyl dishes adopted an unusual, highly spread and flattened morphology with numerous small projections. These results suggest that fibronectin associated with the endothelial basement membrane may be, in part, responsible for establishing an adhesive gradient that could be important in malignant cell extravasation. PMID- 7239718 TI - Cytotoxicity to tumor cells of monocytes from normal individuals and cancer patients. AB - This study was aimed at characterizing the parameters which regulate human monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity to tumor cells as well as characterizing the target cell specificity, kinetics, etc., of the cytotoxic mechanism. Normal human peripheral blood monocytes were cytotoxic to tumor cells in an in vitro assay, measuring release of [3H] thymidine from human target cells. Monocyte cytolysis was observed with several adherent tumor lines including T24, a bladder cancer line; LR, a melanoma line; and an SV40-transformed W138 fibroblast line, with maximal cytolysis observed at 72 h. Lymphokines were not required to induce and only infrequently enhanced monocyte cytotoxicity. Prolonged exposure of monocytes to lymphokines or in vitro culturing of monocytes prior to lymphokine exposure did not alter the monocytes response to lymphokine signals with respect to cytotoxicity. Lymphokines induced monocytes to exhibit enhanced spreading, suggesting that monocytes were susceptible to lymphokine signals but that the development of cytolytic function was independent of lymphokines. In contrast to the cytolysis of adherent tumor cells, monocytes were less effective in killing the non-adherent lymphoid target cells K562, Raji, and CEM. Monocytes were selectively cytotoxic to tumor cells and generally did not kill normal human fibroblast cell lines or PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. Monocytes from cancer patients exhibited normal cytotoxicity to several human tumor lines. Plasmas from some cancer patients were inhibitory to cytotoxicity mediated by both autologous monocytes and normal monocytes. PMID- 7239721 TI - Enhanced cytocidal action of methotrexate by conjugation to concanavalin A. AB - A methotrexate/concanavalin-A conjugate (MTX/Con-A) was prepared by covalent cross-linking. The extent of substitution was approximately 5 moles methotrexate (MTX) per mole concanavalin A (Con-A). Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase by the conjugate was only marginal when compared to MTX. However, MTX/Con-A showed a 7- to 116 times higher cytocidal activity than MTX against cultured KB cells and various established cell lines from mouse colon adenocarcinomas 26 and 38, and Lewis lung carcinoma. The effect of MTX/Con-A was diminished when the conjugate was preincubated with alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, a specific binding sugar to Con A. MTX/Con-A efficiently incorporated into cells and retained in them for longer periods of time than was MTX. The strong cytocidal action of the conjugate could be explained by the higher incorporation rate and the longer retention time of the conjugate in the cells. PMID- 7239722 TI - The effect of bursectomy on the adoptive transfer of resistance to Marek's disease. AB - Immunization with inactivated viral antigens protected chickens against Marek's disease. Non-immunized chickens could be protected by injections of spleen cells but not of serum from immunized, histocompatible donors. Chickens rendered agamma globulinaemic by bursectomy and irradiation could also be immunized against Marek's disease by inoculation with viral antigens, but spleen cells from these immunized, bursectomized and irradiated donors did not confer protection on the recipients into which they were injected. It was concluded that, although in the bursectomized, immunized donors cell-mediated immunity alone was able to provide a fair degree of protection against Marek's disease, the protection afforded against the disease by spleen-cell transfer was at least partly attributable to the transfer of antibody-producing cells, and that humoral immunity, while not being an absolute requirement for resistance, is normally an important component of the resistance mechanism. PMID- 7239723 TI - Adhesion of metastatic and non-metastatic carcinoma cells to glass surfaces. AB - Adhesion in vitro is described in cells from a tumor pair originating from a single methylcholanthrene-induced mouse carcinoma. One member of this tumor pair shows a high incidence of metastases while the other does not metastasize. Cells from the non-metastasizing carcinoma were found to form close and focal contacts with a glass substrate consecutively, as do normal mouse kidney epithelial cells. Cells from the metastasizing carcinoma, however, had only limited areas of close contact and generally failed to form focal contacts. It is suggested that this alteration in cell-substrate adhesion contributes to the release and mobility of metastatic cells. PMID- 7239724 TI - Circannual fluctuation of a stereotyped behaviour with possible self-mutilation in a mentally deficient adolescent. AB - A stereotyped behaviour with possible self-mutilation was measured in a mentally deficient child (age 17) with autistic features; the subject was observed 5 minutes each hour, daily from 0800 to 2000, for fourteen months. We studied variations of his behaviour (number of acts per minute of observation and per day) and especially circannual fluctuations with maximum in summer and minimum in winter. The origins of this variation are discussed, particularly from the chronobiological point of view. Eventual therapeutic issues of this kind of study are also considered. PMID- 7239725 TI - Anchor sleep as a synchronizer of rhythms on abnormal routines. AB - Experiments have been performed upon human volunteers in an Isolation Unit to investigate the effects of different routines of sleep and wakefulness upon circadian rhythms in deep body temperature and some urinary constituents. Irregular sleeping routines, whether as a single randomly-timed 8-hour sleep or as two randomly-arranged 4-hour sleep periods, were associated with free-running rhythms with periods greater than 24 hours, even though mealtimes continued to be taken as customary times of day. If one of the 4-hour sleep periods - the anchor sleep - was taken at the same time each day (0000-0400; 0400-0800; 0800-1200 or 1200-1600), but the other sleep continued to be taken at irregular times, then, after a few days, the circadian rhythms became stabilized with periods indistinguishable from 24 hours. There was a shift in phase of the stabilized rhythms when compared with the phase during control conditions, the size of which indicated that the time of sleep, rather than mealtimes, was synchronizing the rhythms. Some of the implications of these findings for people working shifts or other irregular schedules are discussed. PMID- 7239726 TI - Is consumer control possible in health care services? The Quebec case. AB - In the late 1960s, the Canadian province of Quebec carried out a major reform of its health and social service institutions. As a consequence of the ideology dominating that period, the reform placed great emphasis on citizen participation, establishing local community service centers (centres locaux de services communautaires-CLSC) with boards of directors composed principally of residents of the districts served. This article examines the possible changes brought about by the granting of formal power to health institution consumers. Does this formal power permit citizens to exercise any real control over the institutions? And if so, what does this consumer control modify in terms of the nature, quality, and adaptability of the services offered? Afer a brief description of the Quebec health and social service reform and the resulting CLSCs, this article evaluates consumers' power in these institutions and analyzes the conditions under which such power is exercised. The next section outlines changes that have taken place in the CLSCs, singling out three types of changes for further examination: innovations, adaptations, and transformations. The following section examines the consumers' role in bringing about these changes. On the basis of this analysis, it is possible to conclude that consumer participation is necessary to effect certain types of changes which, otherwise, can deteriorate into bureaucratic processes. The analysis also indicates the existence of diverging and even antagonistic interests between providers (professional employee) and consumers. These contradictions may eventually call into question the classical models of producer self-management. PMID- 7239728 TI - The capitalist world-system and international health. AB - A number of world health problems which have been discretely considered in the past are viewed in this paper as interwoven with each other and with the functioning of the capitalist political-economic world-system. Thus, climactic explanations ("tropical medicine"), and even poverty when conceived in cultural terms or as a structural problem resident entirely within a single nation, are seen as inadequate for understanding any or all of the problems discussed briefly here: poor general health levels in peripheral and semi-peripheral nations, especially rising infant mortality rates in countries such as Brazil; comerciogenic malnutrition; dumping and exploitative sale of drugs, pesticides and other products banned or restricted in core nations; genocidal and other threatening approaches to population control; export of hazardous and polluting industry to peripheral and semi-peripheral nations; similar export of human experimentation; the sale of irrelevant, high medical technology to countries lacking basic public health measures, the "brain drain", and medical imperialism. Also discounted are moralistic inveighing, complaints about inadequate information and its transfer, discussions of bureaucratic bumbling or inter agency politics and professional rivalries, various forms of victim-blaming, and other explanations and corrective approaches which ignore class structure and the control, distribution, and expropriation of resources in nations and the world system. The framework suggests the importance of a worldwide cultural hegemony, including a medical cultural hegemony, established by and in the service of the ruling classes. Socialist-oriented nations which are quasi-independent of the capitalist world-system are seen as suffering less from its effects. This suggests that we should conceive of world socialist health and world capitalist health, rather than any kind of unified phenomenon called "international health". PMID- 7239729 TI - Mortality and working conditions in agriculture in underdeveloped countries. AB - The search for information and analysis of the mortality of agricultural workers in underdeveloped countries shows that there exists hardly any research on this subject. What little information that can be found is incomplete and scattered, making it difficult to gain systematic empirical knowledge of the problem. In addition, data are not collected for the purpose of explaining the patterns of mortality observed. It therefore seems necessary to generate a theoretical framework permitting the analysis of mortality among agricultural workers. This paper intends to point out the close relationship that exists between the mortality and the dynamic of the social and economic process of agriculture in the underdeveloped countries. By doing so, we hope to show that the problems of health, disease, and death of socially defined groups are not simply a matter of biology, but of the interrelation between biology and the historical process of which these groups are a part. PMID- 7239727 TI - Danger-nuclear war: an open letter to President Carter and Chairman Brezhnev- Physicians for Social Responsibility, Inc. PMID- 7239730 TI - Life-styles and health: alternative patterns. AB - The life-styles of Europe now stand trial. There is a risk of advocating a rejection of technology on the basis of the drop in human life expectancy, alternations in biorhythms, and the phenomenon of alienation. While health organizations could serve as springboards for change in morbific social relations, their main contribution has been to the growth of health consumption. The experience of the working class in Italy in safeguarding health and changing environmental conditions is analyzed. In spite of its difficulties, this experience can provide insight on social systems and point the way toward future progress. PMID- 7239731 TI - Toward equality in health through social policy. AB - Although the 1979 report of the Royal Commission on the National Health Service upheld the public organization of a free health service in Britain, it did not provide a comprehensive review of the relationship between health experience, health goals, and health service policies. This paper examines recent data about trends in inequalities in health in Britain. For most age groups and for both sexes mortality rates of partly skilled and unskilled occupational classes worsened relative to those of professional, managerial, and administrative classes between the early 1950s and early 1970s. For some age groups in partly skilled and unskilled classes there has been little or no improvement in mortality rates; in others there has been absolute deterioration. There is further evidence of continuing marked inequalities in health. These must be explained in relation to class structure and inequalities in material-especially working-conditions of life. Action to redress inequalities in health must therefore lie as much outside the scope of the health and welfare services as within it. The implications of this observation for both health care and wider social policy are briefly discussed. PMID- 7239733 TI - Work, disease, and occupational medicine in the Federal Republic of Germany. AB - The development of occupational diseases, accidents, and injuries is analyzed within the framework of social, technological, and economic development in the Federal Republic of Germany. The interaction between economic crisis and occupational accidents is described and the distribution and origins of occupational accidents discussed. Finally, the occupational health care system in the Federal Republic is analyzed. PMID- 7239732 TI - Accident proneness: science or non-science? AB - The "accident proneness" thesis has been with us since the early 1900s. The early statistical studies that reputedly provided the scientific basis for this notion are examined and found to be lacking due to methodological errors and a fragmented view of industrial life. Accident proneness, as originally envisioned, has no empirical foundations. It has, however, become part of the tactical armanentarium used in "blaming the victim" for industrial accidents. It focuses on the personal characteristics of workers in relation to accident causation, while de-emphasizing the role of dangerous work environments. In this respect, it has acted as a barrier in the development of preventive occupational health and safety principles and practices. The notion has endured not only because it is tactically advantageous, but also because many members of the professions that deal with workplace accidents have accepted it without reservation and lent it credence. For the purposes of industrial accident prevention, however, it would be more appropriate to discard this notion in favor of a more integrated and broader understanding of the nature of the interaction between workers and their socio-technical work environment. PMID- 7239734 TI - Control of the work process: the workers' viewpoint. AB - Recent studies of job satisfaction, working conditions, and changes in the content of work indicate that problems of low productivity and dissatisfaction may be related to changes in the organization of work which have reduced the amount of autonomy and control which workers have over the labor process. At the same time, elements in the labor movement, which has traditionally focused almost exclusively on obtaining higher wages and greater benefits for union members, now seem to be directing their attention to issues of workplace democracy and worker control over the production process and company policies. The research reported here investigates the determinants of worker autonomy and of workers' desire for increased worker control over the workplace. This article describes what are viewed as the main hypotheses suggested by earlier research and reports the findings and new hypotheses derived from a preliminary analysis of data from the ISR National 1977 Quality of Employment Survey and pilot in-depth interviews with sixteen Baltimore workers. PMID- 7239735 TI - Mercury poisoning in Nicaragua: a case study of the export of environmental and occupational health hazards by a multinational corporation. AB - Pennwalt Inc., a multinational chemical and pharmaceutical firm based in the United States, operates a chloralkali plant in Managua, Nicaragua. This plant utilizes elemental mercury in the production of chlorine and caustic soda for markets throughout Central America. The plant was recently found to be contaminating the waters of Lake Managua (on which the plant is located) with 2 to 4 tons of inorganic mercury effluent per year-over 40 tons in the 13-year history of the plant. Examination of the 152 workers employed in the plant showed that 56(37 percent) were suffering symptoms and signs of mercury poisoning, including tremors (in 45), memory and attention deficits (in 45) and paresthesias (in 52). Levels of airborne mercury vapor in the plant were found to range as high as 600 microgram/m3. (The airborne standard set by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration is 100 microgram/m3.) Workers in the plant had never been alerted to the hazards of mercury. The plant was found to be in deteriorated condition, with no recent investments in maintenance or modern safety equipment. It is reported that the parent corporation, Pennwalt, has been withdrawing capital from the operation (and from Nicaragua) since the fall of the Somoza regime. PMID- 7239736 TI - The deterioration of the food situation in the Third World and the capitalist system. AB - Hunger and malnutrition are today associated with the capitalist system. The evidence points to a further deterioration of the food situation in the Third World in the foreseeable future, as a result of massive capital and technology transfers from the rich capitalist countries to the underdeveloped agricultures operated by trans-national concerns or private investors, with the active support of development assistance agencies such as the World Bank. Contrary to the superficial predictions of the World Bank, for example, poverty is bound to increase and the purchasing power of the masses must decline. Particular attention must be paid to the supply of staple foods and the proletariat. This is threatened by a variety of factors, attributable to the operation of the capitalist system. Among them are the senseless waste of Third World resources caused by the foreign investors' insatiable thirst for the quick repatriation of super-profits and the increasing orientation of Third World agricultures toward high-value or export crops (which are usually the same), an orientation which is imposed upon them by the industrial countries' agricultural development strategies. Even self-sufficiency programs for more staple foods, such as the ill reputed Green Revolution, predictably cannot be of long duration. PMID- 7239737 TI - Adverse reactions to antibiotic drugs: the present scope of the problem in outpatient care and possibilities for improvement. AB - This study provides estimates of the frequency of adverse reactions due to antibiotic therapy and the effectiveness of two approaches in reducing them. Calculations were made of the extent of decrease in adverse reactions if physicians prescribed the drug of choice, and if antibiotics were prescribed only when necessary. The risks of adverse reactions and the estimates of unnecessary prescribing were obtained from the published medical literature. The number of prescriptions and the diseases treated were obtained from a commercial data source (IMS America). It was estimated that on average one antibiotic prescription per inhabitant was prescribed in outpatient care, that 7.6 percent of the population had adverse reaction due to antibiotic therapy, and that 1.4 percent had a serious reaction in 1974 in the United States. If physicians had prescribed the drug of choice, the number of adverse reactions would have been reduced by 37 percent. If antibiotics had been prescribed only when necessary, but the pattern of prescribing different antibiotics had been the same, one third of the adverse reactions would have occurred. If physicians had prescribed the drug of choice and only when necessary, about one fifth of the adverse reactions would have occurred. The actual number of avoidable adverse reactions may be larger or smaller than these estimates, but the magnitude of the effect indicates an area for concern. PMID- 7239740 TI - More on the international asbestos business. PMID- 7239741 TI - Herpes simplex infections complicating parturition. PMID- 7239739 TI - Abuses of medical neutrality: report of the Public Health Commission to El Salvador, July 1980. PMID- 7239742 TI - The fine page: calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis. PMID- 7239743 TI - Oral stenosis in measles. AB - Gangrenous stomatitis and noma as complications of measles are regularly seen in certain tropical nations. The progression of the frequently seen, simple stomatitis to oral stenosis is a serious complication requiring surgical intervention to prevent starvation. PMID- 7239738 TI - Occupational safety and healthy regulation: an international labor perspective. PMID- 7239744 TI - Immunologic studies in scabies. AB - Various materials related to the life physiology of the scabies mite in and on the human skin have been identified by morphology. The role they could play as possible activators of both cellular and humoral arms of the host's immune system is discussed. Subtle aberrations of this reactive process could be basically responsible for the wide spectrum of clinical and histological aspects reported in scabies. Possible lines for future research on host-parasite relationship in scabies are proposed. PMID- 7239745 TI - Plantar and palmar hyperkeratosis in young castrated women. AB - Three cases of palmar and plantar hyperkeratosis were observed in young women following bilateral oophorectomy. We found this condition, previously described as keratoderma climactericum, to be completely reversible with estrogen replacement therapy. In patients with hysterectomy in addition o oophorectomy, the major risk of estrogen administration, endometrial cancer, does not apply. PMID- 7239746 TI - Teratology for the dermatologist. PMID- 7239747 TI - The problem of dapsone-resistant leprosy: diagnosis and management. PMID- 7239748 TI - Treatment of scabies: preliminary report. AB - Five topical treatments for scabies compared for efficacy in 85 infants with scabetic infestation. Preliminary results during the six-month study period showed lindane to be the most effective, with furacin the least effective. PMID- 7239750 TI - Fluoridation: the health care professional's responsibility. PMID- 7239749 TI - Nickel sensitivity. An actual problem. PMID- 7239751 TI - Verrucous carcinoma arising from a burn scar. PMID- 7239752 TI - Mycobacterium ulcerans. Infection of two patients in Liberia. PMID- 7239753 TI - Actinic reticuloid. AB - Actinic reticuloid is a polymorphous dermatosis resulting from a photosensitivity to long wavelength ultraviolet light and occasionally also to visible light, often with clinical and histological resemblance to lymphoma. We describe a patient who is the second American case to be reported with this disease and review the literature. Actinic reticuloid must be distinguished from mycosis fungoides, polymorphous light eruption, persistent light reaction, and contact dermatitis. PMID- 7239754 TI - Porphyrias. PMID- 7239755 TI - Pulmonary evaluation of patients presenting with dermatological manifestations of sarcoidosis. PMID- 7239757 TI - The relationship of cholera to water source and use in rural Bangladesh. AB - The cholera experience of a sample of families in a rural area of Bangladesh is reported in relation to water supply and use. Tanks were the primary source for 65% of families, canals for 20% and the river for 14%. The highest attack rate was associated with access to canal water (13%). Attack rates did not vary markedly according to the purpose for which a source was used. The importance of cultural patterns in water use is identified. PMID- 7239756 TI - Some aspects of analysis of single fibers in environmental and biological samples. AB - Nuclepore filters were used for sampling and evaluation of fibrous particles in ambient air, in liquids and in biological materials. The fiber counting and fiber size measurements were done by means of SEM-methods. The number of fibers and the distributions of fiber lengths and diameters were plotted. The specific identifications of asbestos, glass and other mineral fibrous particles were made by electron microprobe analysis. Certain elements proved to be approximative identification factors for different fibrous minerals in ambient air, in liquids, on material surfaces, or in biological materials. For ambient air, asbestos, glass, and many other inorganic fibrous particles were found in the urban atmosphere as well as in the atmosphere of remote regions. Fibrous gypsum, fibrous ammonium sulfates, fibrous silicates, fibrous mica, and quartz were identified among these particles. Even in remote ambient air, relatively high concentrations of inorganic fibrous particles could be measured. PMID- 7239758 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Cukurova Province, Turkey. AB - The prevalence of red cell G6PD deficiency was studied by a fluorescence screening test in 5 different ethnic populations of Cukurova province. Analyses were performed on samples from the parents of each family unit. The frequency of occurrence in the population was calculated using family trees. 4 551 subjects representing 17 225 offspring from 18 villages were screened and a high incidence of G6PD deficiency was found in the Arabic speaking ethnic groups from Adana (10.4%) and Anthiochus regions (8.1%), whereas the deficiency was only 3.1% in Armenians, 0.8% in mixed villages and 0.5% in Turcomans. This study reveals that the high frequency of this deficiency found in some ethnic populations must be taken into account prior to the treatment of malaria with primaquine. PMID- 7239759 TI - International epidemiology. PMID- 7239760 TI - Risk factors changes and coronary heart disease in an observational study. AB - Data from the Seven Countries Study are analysed to examine the relationship between the observed incidence of Coronary Heart Disease in the second 5-year period of follow-up and the major entry risk factors and their changes over the first 5 years. The analysis, using the Multiple Logistic Function model, shows that changes in systolic blood pressure and smoking habits are significant factors associated with incidence, while changes in cholesterol and body mass index do not play this role. This conclusion applies to the population as a whole. A more detailed analysis, stratifying the population by estimated risk at entry and changes of risk over 5 years, shows that incidence is related to changes of risk in low and medium entry risk groups. Moreover, a univariate analysis of data limited to systolic blood pressure and cholesterol indicates that changes in blood pressure are related to incidence in the group with highest entry level of blood pressure, while changes in cholesterol are irrelevant to subsequent incidence. PMID- 7239762 TI - The effect of birth month on asthma, eczema, hayfever, respiratory symptoms, lung function, and hospital admissions for asthma. AB - The relationship between month of birth and asthma, respiratory symptoms and peak expiratory flow rate has been investigated in population surveys of children and in hospital admission data. Several relationships with month of birth and various respiratory problems is likely. The mechanism remains obscure. PMID- 7239763 TI - Epidemiology of gastric cancer in Chile: I - Case-control study. AB - The results of a case-control study of stomach cancer carried out with the collaboration of 7 participating hospitals in Santiago, Chile are reported. Patients attending gastroscopy clinics were interviewed before or after gastroscopy. The diagnosis was unknown to either the patient or the interviewer at the time of interview. 360 stomach cancer cases were subsequently matched to non-cancer patients selected from the pool interviewed at the same time as the cases. Study findings show: 1) longer-term residence in high-risk areas in early life by cases than controls; 2) an association between stomach cancer and a prior occupation in agriculture. In a subgroup of 98 cases for whom histologic classification was available, the association with residence in early life in a high-risk area was seen only for cases with intestinal-type stomach cancer. PMID- 7239761 TI - The influence of race, religion, occupation and other social factors on cigarette smoking in New Zealand. AB - 97% of the New Zealand population 15 years and over (2.1 million persons) responded to a question on cigarette smoking in the 1976 population census. 38% of New Zealand men and 30% of women other than Maoris or Pacific Islanders were cigarette smokers. 56% of Maori men and 59% of Maori women smoked regularly; the corresponding figures for Pacific Islanders, a relatively recent migrant population, were 46% and 24%. In all age groups more Maoris smoked than non Maoris. More than two-thirds of Maori women aged 20-24 were smokers. Cigarette consumption rates were high; the men and over one third of the women smokers smoked more than 20 cigarette a day. Smoking was higher then expected among Roman Catholics and among those who objected to stating their religion. Those who were divorced or separated had smoking rates 38% to 56% higher than expected. Smoking was inversely related to the level of education attained. Those in the professions were least likely to be smokers (average 27%) whereas at least half those in labouring or unskilled occupations were smokers. PMID- 7239764 TI - Epidemiology of gastric cancer in Chile: II - Nitrate exposures and stomach cancer frequency. AB - Nitrate levels in urine and nitrite levels in saliva were determined in school children 11-13 years of age in 2 areas of high stomach cancer mortality located in central Chile and in 2 areas of low stomach cancer mortality located at the extremes of Chile. Levels of both nitrates and nitrites were concurrently determined in selected vegetables obtained in these 4 study areas. Levels of nitrates were significantly higher in the urine of schoolchildren and in vegetables obtained from the northern low-risk area. Levels of nitrites were similar in saliva specimens from all 4 areas, but levels in vegetables were inconsistent. These results are apparently incompatible with the hypothesis of a high nitrate intake in areas of high stomach cancer incidence compared to areas of low incidence. This paradoxical finding suggests that cofactors may be involved in the pathopoiesis of stomach cancer that promote or inhibit the transformation of dietary nitrates to nitrosamines. The soil in the high-risk areas is primarily of volcanic origin, which is reported to be low in levels of selenium. On the other hand, residents of Antofagasta, the northern low-risk area, are known to be exposed to high levels of arsenic. It is possible that the diet of residents of the high incidence area which may be deficient in selenium may enhance promotion of nitrates to nitrosamines as has been reported in the literature, or conversely, that high levels of arsenic or other factors in the diet of individuals in Antofagasta may play a protective role. Other factors may be responsible for the low rate observed in the southern low-risk area. PMID- 7239765 TI - A quantitative method of assessing the health impact of different diseases in less developed countries. Ghana Health Assessment Project Team. AB - A method is described for assessing quantitatively the relative importance of different disease problems on the health of a population. The impact of a disease on a community is measured by the number of healthy days of life which are lost through illness, disability and death as a consequence of the disease. The measure is derived by combining information on the incidence rate, the case fatality rate and the extent and duration of disability produced by the disease. In Ghana, it is estimated that malaria, measles, childhood pneumonia, sickle cell disease and severe malnutrition are the 5 most important causes of loss of healthy life and between them they account for 34% of healthy life lost due to all diseases. The methodology may be used to help determine the priorities for the allocation of resources to alternative health improvement procedures by estimating the number of healthy days of life which are likely to be saved by different procedures and by relating these savings to the costs of the procedures. PMID- 7239766 TI - Proportion of disease attributable to the combined effect of two factors. AB - This paper presents a technique for the analysis of interaction which is based upon the additivity of attributable risks. Such an approach is justified when the purpose is to provide a basis for making decisions about personal risk or public health intervention. PMID- 7239768 TI - Weighting the seriousness of perceived health problems using Thurstone's method of paired comparisons. AB - An exercise carried out to weight the seriousness of perceived health problems using Thurstone's method of paired comparisons is reported. For the purposes of illustration, the sleep section of the Nottingham Health Profile containing 5 statements is used. The calculation of the scale values associated with each statement is described and a new method of deriving weights from the scale values is proposed. The judgement of comparisons was found acceptable to interviewees. The applicability of the paired comparison techniques of the field of health is discussed. PMID- 7239767 TI - Finding causes of seasonal diseases using time series analysis. AB - The relationship between monthly Ischaemic Heart Disease mortality and mean monthly temperature and rainfall is examined using data for England and Wales covering the period 1968 to 1976. The statistical procedure adopted involves a time series analysis of each of the individual series employing an approach which has become increasingly popular in other sciences over the last decade. Results indicate the correlation coefficients quoted in previous studies involving monthly data are spuriously high implying that temperature is not as closely related to Ischaemic Heart Disease deaths as has often been claimed. PMID- 7239769 TI - Epidemiology of obesity and hypertension. AB - Based on the reviewed literature and the data from the dusseldorf Obesity Study there is a close association between obesity and hypertension. This association is found in adults, adolescents and children. Hypertension is the most frequent cardiovascular risk factor in obesity. The black population shows higher blood pressure levels than the white population within the same relative weight. Prospectively investigated normotensive obese subjects are more likely to develop hypertension than normal weight subjects. In Western population there is also an association between hypertension and age. This is not seen in tribal populations, where after the age of 20 years body weight does not increase, suggesting body weight to be an important factor for the regulation of blood pressure. Present epidemiological evidence strongly calls for detailed prospective studies of obesity and hypertension, in order to define particularly hypertension-prone obesity subtypes. PMID- 7239770 TI - The HANES experience: how examination surveys can aid research on hypertension and obesity. AB - A major national probability sample survey program, HANES is a potential source of data obtained by standardized health examinations. Some of the hundreds of items collected are noted as relevant to studies of obesity and hypertension. Microdata tapes can be obtained at nominal cost for study of interrelationships within a "normal population'. Problems in conducting such surveys and ways to cope with them are described. PMID- 7239771 TI - Body composition, metabolic and hormonal characteristics in unselected male hypertensives. AB - Body composition, glucose metabolism and indices of sympathetic nervous activity were studied in two different samples of unselected normotensive and hypertensive middle-aged men. The hypertensive subjects were more often obese and had more often an impaired glucose tolerance and a higher fasting insulin compared with the normotensives. The metabolic differences were not explained simply by the higher degree of obesity in the hypertensives, but seemed also to be related to an increased excretion of noradrenaline, ie to an increased overall sympathetic activity. The impaired glucose metabolism might be one of the factors explaining the variable prognosis in essential hypertension. PMID- 7239773 TI - A comparison of hemodynamic and volume characteristics of obese and non-obese hypertensive patients. PMID- 7239772 TI - Body weight reduction necessary to attain normotension in the overweight hypertensive patient. AB - All 212 patients with essential hypertension and an overweight of at least 10 per cent in excess of ideal body weight, referred to out clinic in the years 1975 1979, were included in this study. The patients were advised to take a balanced low-calorie (about 1080 kcal/day) diet containing 83 g carbohydrates, 41.5 g fat and 85 g proteins. They were advised to eat salt freely. There were 40 patients who had four clinic visits or less and 49 others who could not follow their diet. Therefore the compliance-failure rate was 89/212, ie 42 per cent. Decrease in body weight resulted in a significant decrease in blood pressure, despite free ingestion of salt and with 24-h urine sodium which was not different from that obtained before dietary therapy was started. Over two-thirds of the compliant patients will achieve normal blood pressure with a loss of only one-half of their weight excess, even if at this point they are still overweight. In the group receiving no diuretic or any other anti-hypertensive therapy, 82.6 percent reached normal systolic blood pressures and 78.3 per cent reached normal diastolic blood pressures, but only 31/38 reached a body weight within 10 per cent of ideal body weight. It is concluded that most of overweight hypertensive patients can attain a normal blood pressure by reducing body weight, long before achieving the ideal weight. PMID- 7239774 TI - General comments on tissue sensitivity to thyroid hormones in starvation. AB - The interrelationship between thyroid hormones and catecholamines is discussed. It is known that hypothyroidism will decrease tissue sensitivity to exogenous catecholamines. There is, however, no experimental proof that the thyroid hormones changes, particularly the low serum T(3) levels encountered in systemic illness and starvation, are sufficient to change tissue sensitivity to catecholamines. Catecholamines and thyroid hormones influence thermogenesis. Recently a decreased effectiveness of thyroid hormones in the starving hypothyroid rat has been documented. It has, however, not been excluded that part of this change is due to a combined change in effectiveness of thyroid hormones and catecholamines on thermogenesis. PMID- 7239775 TI - Autonomic responsiveness in obesity with and without hypertension. AB - Evidence from animals models of obesity, eg the ob/ob mouse, and from studies in man are consistent with the autonomic regulation of brown tissue being one of the principal pathways involved in the normal thermogenic regulation of energy balance. Studies in man on other components of the sympathetic nervous system do not suggest generalized autonomic abnormalities in obese patients. Patients placed on a reduced carbohydrate intake show a fall in metabolic rate, a reduction in cardiovascular indices of sympathetic activity and a fall in venous noradrenaline concentrations. The hypotensive effect is accompanied by a precipitous fall in hydroxy-methoxymandelic acid excretion. These changes are not nearly so evident in those obese patients who are also hypertensive so there may be altered control of catecholamine metabolism in obese hypertensive patients. PMID- 7239777 TI - Characteristics of the gait in old people who fall. AB - Observations were made of the gait of 30 people aged 65 and over who were admitted to hospital shortly after suffering a fall without bone injury. These were compared with 22 patients of similar age admitted to the same hospital who had not suffered a recent fall; with 23 normal active old people of whom 7 had fallen recently; and with 24 normal young subjects. The gait of the hospitalized fallers differed from all other groups, and had the following characteristics: slow speed, short step length, narrow stride width, wide range of stepping frequency, large variability of step length, and increasing variability with increasing frequency. These characteristics may reflect loss of automaticity of gait, and this finding may have implications for pathogenesis and rehabilitation. PMID- 7239776 TI - Diet and the sympathetic nervous system: relationship to hypertension. AB - Studies demonstrating an importance effect of dietary intake on the activity of the sympathetic nervous system of the rat are described. Utilizing techniques to measure the turnover rate of norepinephrine in heart, fasting has been shown to suppress, while overfeeding sucrose stimulates, the sympathetic nervous system. Studies in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) demonstrate that diminished caloric intake, or fasting, with maintenance of normal sodium intake, lowers the blood pressure; conversely, overfeeding sucrose on a constant sodium intake increases blood pressure in the SHR. Overfeeding an isocaloric ration of fat, in contrast to sucrose, has no effect on blood pressure in the SHR. Blood pressure responses in the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) strain are in the same direction but much less marked than in SHR. The sympathetic nervous system response to fasting and sucrose overfeeding in the SHR resemble those that occur in WKY and other normotensive rat strains, at least in so far as the heart is concerned. These studies, thus, raised the possibility that diet-induced changes in sympathetic nervous system activity may contribute to diet-induced changes in blood pressure. According to this hypothesis the beneficial effect of weight loss in obese hypertensive subjects, and conversely, the detrimental effect of weight gain on the development of hypertension may reflect corresponding diet-induced changes in sympathetic activity. The well known relationship between obesity and hypertension may, therefore, derive at least in part from an effect of dietary intake on the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 7239778 TI - The measurement of disability by means of summed ADL indices. AB - The characteristics of ADL indices which provide a total score of disability or capability are described, and the complexity of their rationale is stressed. The technical requirements of a good index in terms of reproducibility and validity are then discussed. It is suggested: (i) that there are some good validated indices available which, within limits, provide reproducible scores; (ii) that until demonstrably better indices are available, more suited to the local national context, workers should use these indices when they need total scores, in preference to devising their own. PMID- 7239779 TI - The future of rehabilitation services in Great Britain. PMID- 7239780 TI - Postgraduate education in rehabilitation medicine in Spain. PMID- 7239781 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry in the processing of Stroop stimuli: an examination of age and gender differences. AB - In responding to Stroop stimuli, individuals consistently respond with shorter latencies when reading the color word than when reporting the hue of the color word stimulus. The responses of second graders and sixth graders and data from an earlier study of university students were included in the analyses. For all groups the expected Stroop effect was present. An analysis of covariance revealed that the covariable, the word score, was significantly related to the color score for all age groups. Whether or not the data were controlled for handedness and language, there was a significant difference between sexes for university students but not for second or sixth graders. PMID- 7239782 TI - A comparison of the hypothermic effects of methylphenidate and d-amphetamine. AB - Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant with a spectrum of action similar to the effects of d-amphetamine. d-Amphetamine-induced hypothermia is mediated via release of dopamine in the DA mesolimbic pathway. Methylphenidate causes hypothermia among rats kept at 4 degrees C, but d-amphetamine is twice as potent as methylphenidate. Dose-response relationship of methylphenidate thermal effects exhibits a U-shape curve. The hypothermic effects of 5-15 mg/kg methylphenidate are mediated by central dopaminergic neurons, as pretreatment with haloperidol inhibits these effects. The hypothermia produced by larger doses of methylphenidate is not blocked by pretreatment with haloperidol and hypothermia induced by d-amphetamine is blocked by pretreatment with haloperidol. PMID- 7239784 TI - Cortical power spectrum analysis of hypnotic pain control in surgery. AB - Cortical power spectrum (CPS) of brain potentials was recorded from the scalp between prefrontal and parietal regions in both right hemisphere (RH) and left hemisphere (LH). A pattern of laterality shift in CPS occurred at different stages during an extensive oral surgery, performed under hypnosis, in a young female patient. Video and audio recordings as well as psychophysiological recordings were obtained through the following 6 stages: Baseline, Hypnosis, Surgery (1 hr, no cortical recording), Immediate Postsurgery Procedure, Hypnotic Re-experience, Hypnotic Rest, and Posthypnotic Baseline. Indications of anxiety and pain scores were reported in writing by the patient through verbal command by the hypnotist. In each stage, 10 min of CPS (10 spectrum/stage, 8 epochs/spectrum, 6 seconds/epoch) were analyzed by a PDP-11 computer. The results of CPS analysis demonstrated significant large total power reduction at different stages. There was significant correlation between both hemispheres at baseline, but dissociation of hemispheric power output occurred during hypnosis stages. LH was more dominant than RH during baseline and presurgery hypnosis, but both were leveled-off immediately following the surgery procedure. However, RH became more dominant during all postsurgery hypnosis stages. Interestingly, this pattern shifted back to the original relationship during the posthypnotic baseline stage. Specific changes of spectral power in theta and alpha of EEG activities in both hemispheres also occurred in conjunction with hypnosis. PMID- 7239783 TI - The interaction of hemispheric preference, laterality, and sex in the perception of emotional tone and verbal content. AB - Twenty male and 20 female subjects, divided into those who showed a right or left hemispheric preference, listened to auditory messages with conflicting verbal content and emotional tone. The messages were presented to each ear to determine whether the effect of hemisphere of input on the evaluation of the messages was modified by hemispheric preference. Except for left preference males, subjects responded on the basis of preference rather than laterality. PMID- 7239785 TI - Alpha asymmetry as a function of cognitive mode: the role of lateral eye movements. AB - When monitored concurrently, the spontaneous lateral eye movements and alpha asymmetry associated with mental activity were themselves interrelated. Left eye movements were associated with a decrease in the ratio of right to left hemisphere alpha, while right eye movements resulted in an increase in this ratio, independent of cognitive task. The results were interpreted as evidence for a direct effect of oculomotor activity on alpha asymmetry. PMID- 7239786 TI - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory correlates of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery in a psychiatric population. AB - To investigate the relationships between several neuropsychological deficits and personality function, 73 schizophrenic subjects with medically verified brain damage were administered the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (L-N) and the MMPI. Relationships between each of the 14 neuropsychological variables (the fourteen summary scales of the L-N) and each of the 10 clinical and three validity scales of the MMPI were analyzed by means of t-tests and Pearson correlations. Complex relationships between the neuropsychological variables and the MMPI scales were analyzed by means of multiple regression and discriminant analysis. With the exception of the F scale, results showed a relative lack of individual relationships between the cognitive and personality variables. As expected, however, relatively strong correlations were found between neuropsychological performance and overall patterns of personality variables for 11 of the 14 neuropsychological variables. Traditional personality differences associated with lesion laterality were replicated. Personality profiles uniquely related to specific neuropsychological deficits and personality trends which appeared across neuropsychological variables were discussed in terms of psychological reactivity and cognitive loss. PMID- 7239789 TI - The relationship between neuropsychological deficit and MMPI profile in chronic schizophrenics. AB - The present study was an attempt to examine the relationship between personality variables and neuropsychological deficits in chronic schizophrenic subjects. The groups were composed of 73 chronic schizophrenic subjects with measureable cortical atrophy on CAT-Scan and 118 chronic schizophrenic subjects without identifiable brain damage. The relationship between neuropsychological deficit and personality variables was tested by means of discriminant analysis. As hypothesized, the brain-damaged group was found to have a stronger relationship between the neuropsychological deficits and the personality variables than the nonbrain-damaged group. Canonical correlation was used to demonstrate the underlying neuropsychological pattern which was found related to the personality profile of the MMPI for the entire sample of chronic schizophrenics. A frontal and anterior temporal lobe neuropsychological profile was found related to a particular personality profile. PMID- 7239790 TI - "Optimal" lateralization on the Tapping Test. AB - The present study was designed to test the general "imbalance" hypothesis in regard to the Tapping Test, a motor measure of finger-oscillation speed from the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological battery. The study was prompted by a recent spate of reports linking cerebral lateralization to a variety of conditions. It was hypothesized that it would be possible to determine an "optimal," midrange of lateralization, to be identified by faster tapping speeds. As hypothesized, those offenders with "moderate" laterality achieved faster speeds than those with "extreme" laterality ("extreme" defined as either less or more laterality than for the moderates). The same range appeared optimal over several demographic groups. A second goal of the present study was to pursue hints from a previous study that had suggested a lateralization measure might prove to be free of some unwanted variations by demographics. As hypothesized, the lateralization measure appeared free of variations according to age, sex, and handedness. Applications and future directions were suggested. PMID- 7239787 TI - Sleep apnea studies in an infant with congenital primary hypoventilation ("Ondine's curse"). AB - Recurrent apneic episodes were typically associated with sleep, not wakefulness, in an infant with congenital primary hypoventilation ("Ondine's Curse"). Quiet sleep (SLQ) was shown to constitute a higher risk condition than active sleep (SLA) at the ages she was recorded polygraphically (2-4 months old). This infant's respiratory disorder was complicated by recurrent pneumonia, seizures and deficient growth which resulted in death at the age of eight months. Necropsy revealed bronchopulmonary dysplastic fibrosis and cor pulmonale. Neuropathologic examination failed to reveal pathologic changes in the brainstem. PMID- 7239788 TI - Dynamics of spontaneous and evoked activities of the substructures within the cat inferior colliculus. AB - The spontaneous EEG and evoked electrical activities (EP) recorded simultaneously and bilaterally from different depths below the dorsal surface of the inferior colliculus (IC), have been systematically analyzed in freely moving cats. Power spectral analysis techniques were employed for evaluating the frequency characteristics of the EEG and EP which were recorded from substructures of the IC. The changes in the electrical activities following local lesions further helped us to understand whether these frequencies represent volume conducted field potentials or local neural activity. It was found that in the IC, high frequency electrical activities up to 1000 Hz are generated locally and recorded with maximal amplitudes in the ventral and ventralmost parts. Following the stimulation, strong amplitude enhancement and frequency stabilization were obtained in 70-80 Hz, 350-400 Hz, and 850-950 Hz frequency ranges. PMID- 7239791 TI - Memory for prose in Korsakoff and schizophrenic populations. AB - Twelve alcoholic Korsakoff patients, their 12 alcoholic controls, and 27 institutionalized schizophrenics and their 19 controls, recalled two stories. The clinical populations recalled approximately half as much as their controls, yet recalled the same parts of the stories as their controls. For both groups the ability to process simple prose does not seem to be severely impaired when what is recalled rather than how much is recalled is measured. PMID- 7239792 TI - Factor analysis of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery: IV. Intelligence and Pathognomonic Scales. AB - This paper examined the factor structure of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery Scales Intelligence and Pathognomonic. The subjects for the study were 270 patients, including 90 normal patients, 90 psychiatric patients, and 90 neurological patients. A principal factor analysis with communalities on the diagonal and iterated to the most ideal solution was used, followed by rotation to the simplest factor structure. The analysis yielded 4 subfactors for each of the two Luria scales. On the Intelligence scale, factors were general verbal intelligence, arithmetic, a frontal verbal factor, and a right frontal sequencing factor. Analysis of the Pathognomonic scale yielded a simple perceptual/expressive factor, a construction speed factor, a basic visual/spatial factor, and a higher cognitive factor. These results were generally in accord with Luria's theories. PMID- 7239794 TI - [Effect of vitamin E on the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (author's transl)]. AB - The formation of polyunsaturated fatty acids is influenced by vitamin E. The enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum isolated from rat liver responsible for chain elongation and desaturation showed higher activity under vitamin E-deficiency. The activity was raised both per mg protein and per mg DNA. The application of alpha-Tocopherol to the vitamin E-deficient animals caused the normalization of the enzyme activity within 48 hours. This indicates a regulatory function of alpha-Tocopherol in the process of oxidation. PMID- 7239793 TI - Plasticity of dendritic spine formation: a state-dependent stochastic process. AB - This study proposes that plasticity of dendritic spine formation may be modeled as distribution patterns imbedded in a spine length-dependent and density dependent stochastic process. Modeling the jewel fish tectal interneuron revealed a critical 10-36 micron region where spine length plasticity was predicted to be most detectable. This hypothesis was tested by comparing neurons sampled from jewel fish reared for 4 years in a crowded environment (1 fish/5.64 l) with uncrowded controls (1 fish/25 l). The interaction between fish groups and the location of spine length differences was significant (p less than 0.01) within the basal 10-30 micron dendritic segment. Spine head widths were also significantly smaller (p less than 0.01) in the crowded fish over the entire dendrite. These findings suggest two modes of neuronal plasticity: (1) plasticity of spine length during formation, and (2) plasticity in spine head width after the spine is formed. PMID- 7239795 TI - Study of the absorption of vitamin A oily preparation among school pupils from the rural. AB - Fasting and postabsorptive vitamin A level was studied in 55 school pupils aged 6 13 years, with giardiasis, ascaridiasis, or other parasites, both before and after their eradication with appropriate therapy; and in 6 pupils without parasites. Acceptable plasma vitamin A levels were detected in 20.7% of the cases. Mean fasting plasma vitamin A level among controls (Parasite-free) was 20.2 micrograms/dl. None of the parasitized pupils had acceptable mean plasma vitamin A concentrations. Prompt eradication of the giardia lead to significant improvement in the fasting plasma vitamin A concentration. Post absorptive vitamin A level above 100 micrograms/dl was detected in just one case. Post absorptive vitamin A level ranged between 31.5 and 67.7 in the rest, regardless of the type of parasite or treatment. PMID- 7239796 TI - Kinetics of bisulphite cleavage of the three biological phosphorylated derivatives of thiamine. AB - Bisulphite/sulphite cleaves thiamine and its biological phosphorylated derivatives into the same pyrimidine moiety and their respective thiazole moiety with pseudo-first order kinetic constants following the order of thiamine greater than thiamine monophosphate greater than thiamine diphosphate greater than thiamine triphosphate over the pH range of 3.9 to 7.0. The activation energy was 14.8 kcal/mol for all four thiamines at pH 5.2 and over the temperature range of 25 to 65 degrees C. The rate differences may be rationalized in terms of differences in the pH-dependent electronic, charge and conformation distributions of the various thiamine species. PMID- 7239797 TI - Oxidation of 1-14C-ascorbic acid in the guinea pig: effect of the route of administration. AB - Twenty-four hours after the administration of (1-14C)-ascorbic acid to guinea pigs by oral, intraperitoneal or intracardiac routes, 14CO2 expired levels were 22.6 plus or minus 1.8, 17.6 plus or minus 1.4 and 14.4 plus or minus 0.6 percent, respectively, of the administered radioactive doses. Whole blood concentrations of ascorbic acid were 80.2 plus or minus 2 micrograms per ml and, in general they were inversely related to expired 14CO2 production, which in turn reflects the degree of ascorbic acid catabolism in ascorbic acid adequate animals. Regardless of the route of (1-14C)-ascorbic acid administration, there was a biphasic pattern of 14CO2 evolution; the first peak occurs at two hours and the second peak at five hours after administration of the doses. Thin layer chromatography analysis of (1-14C)-ascorbic acid verified the reagent's purity. In vitro isolated stomach content and intestinal content experiments illustrated that at least 1-2% of the expired 14CO2 might also result from enterohepatic circulation of the label. PMID- 7239798 TI - Depletion and repletion of ascorbic acid in the Rhesus monkey: relationship between ascorbic acid concentration in blood components with total body pool and liver concentration of ascorbic acid. AB - Eight female monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were fed an ascorbic acid-free diet for 7 weeks, followed by repletion with a supplementation of 10 mg ascorbic acid per kg of body weight for 3 weeks. Once each week the ascorbic acid contents of blood components and liver samples, obtained by closed needle biopsy, were determined as the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative. In selected animals the size of the total body pool ascorbic acid was determined by isotope dilution after administration (i.v.) of 14C-ascorbic acid. At no time were the monkeys frankly scorbutic. Values for r2 were less than 0.10 between plasma, whole blood, and erythrocyte ascorbic acid contents compared with the total body pool of ascorbic acid. Leukocyte ascorbic acid content was positively related to the total body pool of ascorbic acid (P less than 0.001, r2 = 0.923). Values for r2 were less than 0.15 when whole blood and (erythrocyte) ascorbic acid content were each compared with liver ascorbic acid levels; however, there was a tendency for plasma ascorbic acid levels to be directly related to liver ascorbic acid levels (P less than 0.05, r2 = 0.477), when plasma ascorbic acid was greater than 0.1 micrograms/ml. The relationship between liver ascorbic acid and leukocyte ascorbic acid levels was statistically significant (P less than 0.01, r2 = 0.683). The high correlation of leukocyte ascorbic acid levels with liver ascorbic levels and with the total body pool of ascorbic acid suggests that leukocyte ascorbic acid values best represent the vitamin C status of the female Rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7239800 TI - The effect of protein deprivation on erythroid stem cell growth. AB - The anemia of protein deprivation is due mainly to a decrease in erythropoietin (Ep) production. In this study we investigated the effect of protein deprivation on the number of erythroid stem cells (CFU-E, BFU-E). Mice given a protein-free diet for six days had significantly fewer CFU-E and BFU-E numbers per femur compared to mice given a diet with normal protein content. The decrease in BFU-E cannot be ascribed solely to decreased Ep production and occurs before changes in the femoral multipotential haematopoietic stem cells (CFU-S). PMID- 7239799 TI - Vitamin utilization status in chronic alcoholics. AB - Chronic alcoholics are very often found to be deficient in vitamins. The object of the study was to assess the vitamin utilization of twelve drinking chronic alcoholics after intravenous therapy with polyvitamins. The following enzyme activation tests in red blood cells were used: a) Erythrocyte transketolase (ETK) activity for B1; b) Glutathione reductase (EGR) activity for B2; c) Pyridoxal-5 phosphate (PALP)--the active metabolite of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) was directly estimated in red blood cells. Seven out of 12 patients were deficient in B1 before treatment; 6/12 in B2 and 11/12 in PALP. But all returned to normal after treatment; mean plus or minus SD of ETK activation co-efficient improved from the pre-treatment level of 1.174 plus or minus 0.135 to 1.001 plus or minus 0.009 (adequate less than or equal to 1.15); mean plus or minus SD of EGR activation coefficient from 1.265 plus or minus 0.333 to 1.015 plus or minus 0.072 (adequate less than or equal to 1.19) and PALP rose from 6.78 plus or minus 6.47 to 60.68 plus or minus 85.85 after treatment (adequate = vv10-20 ng/ml). These observations indicate the need for relevant vitamin supplementation in chronic alcoholics and also support the inclusion of intravenous polyvitamins in conventional detoxification regime for chronic alcoholics. PMID- 7239802 TI - Glycosylation of serum HDL and LDL in rats given excess retinol. PMID- 7239801 TI - Annual variations in the average selenium intake in Finland: cereal products and milk as sources of selenium in 1979/80. AB - Grain, flour and milk samples were collected in spring 1980 and analysed for selenium. The selenium content of flour was approximately 10 times higher than in 1975-1977, and that of milk twice as high. The increase in the selenium content of flour is a reflection of the massive grain imports in 1979/80. The increased selenium level in milk was more unexpected, and may at least partly be due to the increased use of fodders enriched with selenium. The average intake of selenium in 1980 may have been between 50 and 60 micrograms/d/person, while the mid seventies it was found to be substantially lower, about 30 microns/d. PMID- 7239803 TI - Effect of vitamin A on microtubules of rat brain and liver. PMID- 7239805 TI - Complications of contact lenses. PMID- 7239806 TI - Induced visual and optical changes. PMID- 7239804 TI - Effect of endosulfan on liver vitamin A in rats. PMID- 7239807 TI - Soft toric lenses. PMID- 7239808 TI - Special refractive conditions. PMID- 7239809 TI - Lens verification and modification. PMID- 7239810 TI - Photodocumentation. PMID- 7239812 TI - Topical medications. PMID- 7239811 TI - Contact lens materials. PMID- 7239813 TI - Systemic medications. PMID- 7239814 TI - Cosmetics. PMID- 7239816 TI - Disinfection solutions. PMID- 7239815 TI - Laboratory studies. PMID- 7239817 TI - Regulatory agencies. PMID- 7239818 TI - Corneal edema. PMID- 7239819 TI - Corneal endothelium. PMID- 7239820 TI - Corneal Sensitivity. PMID- 7239821 TI - Precorneal fluid and blinking. PMID- 7239822 TI - Giant papillary conjunctivitis. PMID- 7239824 TI - Refitting. PMID- 7239823 TI - Postwear refractive changed. PMID- 7239825 TI - Cultural aspects of coping. Illustrated with examples from a changing Hawaiian culture. AB - Recent studies relating to stress and coping have tended to ignore possible cultural differences in coping strategies. A review of the literature reveals that the Hawaiian culture, by virtue of its geographical isolation, has evolved culturally distinct value systems giving rise to unique patterns of coping. Furthermore, despite the high degree of Westernization following the arrival of Captain James Cook in 1778, coping strategies in Hawaii today have continued to reflect culturally distinct value systems. This demonstrates the necessity of considering cultural differences in coping strategies which may result from differences in cultural value systems both between and within geopolitical units. PMID- 7239826 TI - Working with transsexuals. PMID- 7239828 TI - Patients' rights raises questions for psychology, psychiatry and law. AB - This paper briefly introduces the issue of patients' rights which has become increasingly recognised in the United States. Resulting from the inter relationship of law and mental health, the rights issue involves those psychologists and psychiatrists providing treatment as well as civil rights lawyers pressing for protection for their clients. A sample list of patients' rights demands is presented and discussed. It is suggested that resolution will be assisted by the inputs of the client consumer in collaboration with psychologists, psychiatrists, and lawyers. Research on the questions raised will be required. PMID- 7239827 TI - Resistances encountered in the consultation-training of the community mental health worker. PMID- 7239829 TI - The psychotherapeutic value of a more homogeneous group composition. PMID- 7239830 TI - Precipitating factors of neurotic reactions in middle and upper-middle class Persian women (Iran). AB - In search of the socio-cultural factors contributing to the development of neurotic reactions in Persian women, the author has examined the records of two hundred and eighty five (285) patients from his private practice in Tehran. Factors to marital conflicts superceded the others by a wide margin. The content of marital conflicts seems to be related to the cultural confusion that has come out of the meeting of the cultural values of the West and the East. The author stresses the role of the communication media in the development of this confusion. In conclusion, implications and limitations of the paper were discussed. PMID- 7239831 TI - School performance, IQ and female delinquency. AB - The present study explores the extent to which early school failure may be related causally to female delinquency. Parental interview and school record data were collected on 59 girls (and their families) placed on probation. The results suggest that in a relatively poor urban environment school failure does not play an important etiologic role in female delinquency but rather both the school failure and the delinquency arise from common or co-existing adverse family influences. PMID- 7239832 TI - Letter to the editor on the problem of aggression. PMID- 7239833 TI - Open letter to the Lord Chief Justice Lane, Royal Courts of Justice, London, W.C.2. PMID- 7239834 TI - Experimental study of marginal wedge resection and its practical application in the surgical therapy of staghorn calculi. AB - A surgical procedure for staghorn calculi, which are inaccessible to conservative therapy, is described. It not only provides for complete elimination of the calculus but may also contribute to the prevention of recurrences. The technique of marginal wedge excision of the renal parenchyma, developed in animal studies, is described in detail and 11 surgical cases are reported. Removal of staghorn calculi was successful all throughout, and renal function remained unaffected by the intervention in all of the cases. Recurrences were confined to a single case. The procedure is safe, it involves no greater surgical strain than does marginal nephrotomy, but its short-term metaphylactic results seem more promising. Assessment of the long-term results awaits further observations. PMID- 7239835 TI - Transurethral resection of the carcinomatous ureteral orifice (Analysis of 27 operations). AB - Transurethral electroresection for malignant involvement of the ureteral orifice was carried in 17 cases. In the light of published data the results may be regarded as favourable. It is stated that in case of operability resection of the orifice represents a radical procedure, superior to open techniques, and it has no adverse consequences in the majority of cases. PMID- 7239836 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the rat renal glomerulus. AB - Glomeruli of normal rat kidneys were studied by scanning electron microscope. A three-dimensional image is presented of the outer and the inner surface of the glomerular capillaries. The findings are compared with their correlates as seen in transmission electron microscopy. The possible application of scanning electron microscopy in the examination of renal disease is briefly discussed. PMID- 7239837 TI - The effect of internal iliac artery embolization of the prostatic gland in the dog. AB - Investigations were carried out on dogs in order to study the changes in the prostatic gland after embolization of the internal iliac arteries. The experiments showed that slight fine-celled infiltrations occurred in the interstitial tissue as a result of ischaemia of that organ. The authors are of the opinion that embolization of the internal iliac arteries may be used in clinical practice as a method of treating haemorrhages from the prostatic gland. PMID- 7239838 TI - Melanoblastoma of the female urethra. PMID- 7239839 TI - Leydig-cell tumour of the testis. AB - Leydig cell tumor of the testis is an uncommon occurrence. A case is reported here which had two interesting features. One was extensive calcification and the other an abundant lipid deposition within the tumour cells. The pathogenesis of calcification is discussed. PMID- 7239840 TI - Prediction of radiographic severity of renal osteodystrophy by serum values. AB - Renal osteodystrophy, a frequent complication of chronic renal failure, is usually assessed by periodic X-rays of bone which are both poorly reproducible and expensive. Seeking a better screening test for osteodystrophy, we evaluated the usefulness of serum alkaline phosphatase as a predictor of bone disease and of hyperparathyroidism. Alkaline phosphatase, despite nonspecificity, correlates with the severity of osteodystrophy and with the increase in serum parathyroid hormone concentration. Serial measurements of alkaline phosphatase can predict changes in these parameters. PMID- 7239841 TI - Effects of indomethacin and methylprednisolone on renal elimination of lithium in the rat. AB - Wistar rats were given lithium chloride (16.7 mg/kg i.p.) after treatment with indomethacin (2.5 mg/kg/day for 5 days), with methylprednisolone (3 mg/kg/day for 5 days), or with their solvents. Lithium and creatinine clearance and urinary elimination of sodium and phosphate were determined. Indomethacin increases while methylprednisolone decreased the fractional tubular reabsorption of lithium. The quantity of lithium eliminated in the urine is correlated with the urinary elimination of sodium and phosphate. The effects of the anti-inflammatory drugs on renal elimination of lithium seemed linked to their effects on proximal sodium reabsorption. PMID- 7239842 TI - Mobilization of refractory chronic schizophrenics with haloperidol. AB - Adequate high doses of haloperidol have been administered to 24 chronic, refractory to standard antipsychotic treatment, schizophrenics (16 male, 8 female, mean age 32.9 years) to investigate the possibility of mobilizing and releasing these patients from the hospital. Treatment was started with 20 mg haloperidol and optimal doses were determined for each patient. The median daily optimal dose at the end of the trial was 100mg. All patients were followed up for 16 weeks. Evaluating criteria were the BPRS, the Discharge Readiness Questionnaire, a side-effect rating scale, a CGI scale and the number of patients able to leave the hospital. 3 patients were evaluated as able to leave the hospital. 87.4% of the patients were subjectively evaluated as improved. High doses of haloperidol did not correlate with a higher incidence of unwanted effects. On the contrary antiparkinson treatment was discontinued or decreased in 14 patients. It is concluded that nonresponsive chronic schizophrenics can profit from adequate high doses of haloperidol. PMID- 7239843 TI - Relapse after short-term drug therapy in neurotic outpatients. AB - A 6-month follow-up of 184 anxious depressed neurotic outpatients who reported improvement after controlled drug trials of several weeks duration revealed an astonishing relapse rate of 81% for anxious and 87% for depressed patients. Early as compared to late relapse was associated with more chronicity and less improvement at the end of the drug trial, while type of drug received did not affect relapse. Onset of relapse had no effect on help-seeking behavior. At time of follow-up, non-relapsed patients had lowest and untreated relapsed patients had highest symptom levels. It was concluded that short-term drug treatment alone does not represent sufficient therapy for chronic neurotic anxious or depressed outpatients. PMID- 7239844 TI - Constant-area applanation tonography. AB - A tonography device, based on the MacKay-Marg tonometer, has been constructed which will applanate the cornea to a preselected area of 5.0 to 6.0 mm diameter and maintain that applanation area. The pressure decrease with time should resemble the pressure decrease following bolus injection of fluid into the eye. In most cases the pressure decreased in a linear slope, abruptly terminating in a pressure plateau. In most cases, the pressure after 4 min of tonography was lower than preliminary Goldmann applanation pressure. PMID- 7239845 TI - Quantitative ocular bacteriology: a method for the enumeration and identification of bacteria from the skin-lash margin and conjunctiva. AB - Type 1 Calgiswabs were used to collect bacterial specimens from the skin-lash margins and conjunctivae of normal volunteers. The swabs were held in a nonnutritive balanced salt solution during transportation to the laboratory. Alginate swabs were dissolved in a two-step procedure in TC Eagle's medium and 2.5% sodium hexametaphosphate solution. Aliquots of suspended bacteria from the dissolved swab were plated on blood agar. After incubation, bacterial colonies present were enumerated and identified. Cultures from both the skin-lash margin and conjunctiva show significant variation in the number and types of microorganisms isolated. Quantities of bacteria isolated from the lid margin were usually greater than from the conjunctiva. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most prevalent bacterium isolated. The adsorption of bacteria onto alginate swabs from bacterial suspensions and the recovery of a red pigment-producing organism from the conjunctivae of rabbit eyes previously inoculated show that the method is sensitive and highly reproducible. PMID- 7239846 TI - The relationship between visual sensitivity and rhodopsin density in retinitis pigmentosa. AB - Rhodopsin density and absolute threshold were determined in 11 patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and nine normal subjects. In eight patients with familial histories suggesting recessive inheritance, the retinal areas studied showed marked decrease in sensitivity which was related to rhodopsin loss, probably via a log-linear relationship. The other three patients showed absolute thresholds that were linearly related to rhodopsin density, suggesting that sensitivity loss was determined by the decrease in quantal absorption resulting from rhodopsin loss. The results indicate that RP patients can be classified into two categories according to the effects of rhodopsin loss on rod sensitivity. These categories may correspond to different genetic groups. Furthermore, this differentiation may, in fact, reflect different underlying disease mechanisms. PMID- 7239847 TI - Does image movement have a special nature for neurons in the cat's striate cortex? AB - The question of whether a moving image is especially effective for stimulating visual neurons was studied in the striate cortex of the cat. Receptive fields (RFs) of simple and complex neurons were stimulated with optimally oriented bright and dark bars that either moved smoothly or were presented statically at an array of positions across the RF. A linear prediction of responses to the smooth movement was calculated by superposition of the responses to stationary presentation of these bar stimuli. A comparison between responses to actual movement and their prediction showed that the relative effectiveness of a moving stimulus decreases with speed. Effects of "conditioning" stimuli and nitrous oxide anesthesia were also studied. Both simple and complex units exhibited on average slightly lower than predicted responses for both bright and dark bars, even when they moved in the preferred direction of the unit. Movement in the opposite direction usually elicited even lower response levels, suggesting nonlinear suppression. These results imply that a moving image has no special efficacy for visual neurons but rather that it has a special propensity to elicit suppression when it moves in the nonpreferred (null) direction of a neuron. PMID- 7239848 TI - Immunopathogenesis of corneal inflammation in herpes simplex virus stromal keratitis: role of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte. AB - The present studies suggest that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) play an essential role in the development of corneal infiltrates in stromal herpes virus (HSV) keratitis. Corneal infiltration was seen rarely in herpes-infected animals treated with anti-PMN serum or with chemotherapy to reduce the numbers of circulating PMNs. By contrast, at least two thirds of the control animals with intact PMNs and infected with herpes virus developed stromal infiltrates. Host complement was localized with HSV antigen and rabbit gamma globulin along with inflammatory cells in the corneas of animals with stromal infiltrates. In the absence of PMN infiltrates, neither complement nor a significant amount of gamma globulin was localized in the corneal stroma. In the PMN-depleted animals, only viral antigen was detected in the stromal keratocytes. PMID- 7239849 TI - Retinal dystrophy associated with a postnatal amelanosis in the chicken. AB - Melanin pigmentation changes were studied in a mutant (delayed amelanotic) line of chickens characterized by a postnatal, spontaneous cutaneous amelanosis and a high incidence of blindness. Cutaneous pigment loss was accompanied by destruction of the choroidal melanocytes throughout the orbit. The presence of blindness appeared to be correlated with the histopathologic finding of severe degenerative changes in the pigment epithelium and neural retina first seen near the base of the pecten and progressing radially in irregular patterns. PMID- 7239850 TI - Low ocular rigidity in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. AB - Sixteen patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) have undergone a thorough eye examination. These patients had statistically significantly lower ocular rigidity measurements than a group of normal volunteers matched on age, sex, and refractive error. In addition, the corneal diameter and length of the eyeball was smaller in OI patients than that in controls. Possible correlations of low ocular rigidity with biochemical changes in scleral collagen await further investigation. PMID- 7239851 TI - Flicker: a "decay" effect after light deprivation. AB - The "decay" effect resulting from repetitive light stimulation at different flicker rates was investigated. Adult cats were visually deprived monocularly or binocularly for 1 or 2 weeks. The results showed a progressive decrease in the b wave of the electroretinogram during the later flashes in a train. The data are presented as percent of the initial response to a flash. In the control eye the b wave stabilized rapidly after the initial flash in a train of stimuli. Partial recovery occurred after 1 week of normal stimulation. PMID- 7239852 TI - X-linked retinitis pigmentosa: reduced rod flicker sensitivity in heterozygous females. AB - A flicker sensitivity test based on measuring modulation thresholds for light varying sinusoidally with time around two mean scotopic luminances was performed on 21 female patients heterozygous for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa and 22 normal observers. The patients required, on average, 1.5 times the normal modulation to detect flicker over the whole frequency range where thresholds could be measured. The results suggest that the rod system of heterozygotes exhibits a reduced signal-to-noise ratio compared with normal but that the dominant time delays in the signaling process are not significantly altered. PMID- 7239853 TI - Contact clinical specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium: optical modifications to the applanating objective cone. AB - The value of clinical specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium has been limited by the extremely small field of view of the image obtained. This is largely a result of an overlying brilliant reflection from the objective (or air)/cornea interface. A modification to the applanating objective cone of the contract specular microscope is described, which virtually eliminates this reflection and gives a visible field of almost 1 mm2 of the endothelium. The theory behind the objective modification is presented, and other advantages of the system, such as reduction of eye movement, are noted. PMID- 7239855 TI - Interrelationships of the proteins of two parvoviruses (densonucleosis virus types 1 and 2). AB - Densonucleosis viruses (types 1 and 2) contain four major structural polypeptides with a total molecular weight in excess of the coding capacity of the DNA. Peptide maps obtained by limited proteolysis of isolated (125)I-labeled proteins of both virus types indicate a common origin of the virus proteins and homology between the different viruses. The structure of densonucleosis virus type 2 and its homologous top component (naturally occurring empty particles) was compared by proteolysis using several proteases and the bifunctional cross-linking reagents dimethylsuberimidate (DMS) and dimethylmalonimidate. Similar susceptibilities of both components with proteases were obtained. The top components alone were accessible to the action of the cross-linking reagent DMS. The lowest molecular weight major structural polypeptide was most resistant to the action of the proteases and DMS. PMID- 7239854 TI - The Nairovirus genus: serological relationships. PMID- 7239856 TI - Physicochemical and serological characterization of two rhabdoviruses isolated from eels. PMID- 7239857 TI - Absence of cytomegalovirus DNA from adenocarcinoma of the colon. PMID- 7239858 TI - Clinical recognition of the irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 7239859 TI - Cosmetic surgery. PMID- 7239860 TI - Survey of rugby injuries. PMID- 7239861 TI - Blunt chest trauma causing myocardial infarction--an unusual football injury. PMID- 7239862 TI - Traumatic aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery, secondary to hair transplantation. PMID- 7239863 TI - Rectal distensibility in the irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 7239864 TI - The diagnostic sensitivity of physical signs in the irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 7239865 TI - Reconstruction of the breast. PMID- 7239866 TI - Atypical typhoid. PMID- 7239867 TI - Legionnaires' disease--a case report. PMID- 7239868 TI - Response in the hindfoot pad and popliteal lymph node of C57BL mice to infection with Mycobacterium marinum. AB - C57BL mice inoculated in the hindfoot pads with 5 X 10(3) viable Mycobacterium marinum developed a localized disease process, characterized by swelling of the foot and increases in the number of acid-fast bacilli and colony forming units recovered. These changes became maximal 10 to 14 days after inoculation and then decreased in intensity. An acute inflammatory response appeared in the hindfoot pad during the first 24 h and increased in intensity during the next few days. By seven days after inoculation, the polymorphonuclear leukocytes had been largely replaced by lymphocytes and macrophages which led, during the next two weeks, to the extensive formation of granulomas. Epithelioid granulomas developed after at least 90% of the organisms had been killed. Simultaneously the popliteal lymph node increased greatly in size due to hyperplasia of the paracortical area, which contained a large number of pyroninophilic cells, and packing of sinusoids with small lymphocytes. Well-formed epithelioid granulomas containing acid-fast bacilli developed in the popliteal node. A small number of viable bacilli were found in both the hindfoot pad and the popliteal node 18 months after inoculation; this was accompanied by solid resistance to secondary challenge. PMID- 7239869 TI - Coagglutination and indirect hemagglutination in the detection of an excreted immunologically active substance from Leishmania. AB - The methods of coagglutination and indirect hemagglutination were used to detect the production of the immunologically active excreted factor (EF) of Leishmania. Staphylococci, rich in protein A and sensitized with specific anti-Leishmania antibodies, coagglutinated with supernatant fractions of cultures, thus enabling continuous monitoring of the excretion of EF by multiplying parasites. Papain treated human red blood cells, sensitized with crude or purified EF, also agglutinated with the coagglutination reagent. The sensitized papain-treated red blood cells may be employed in indirect hemagglutination to detect specific antibodies to Leishmania in rabbit and human sera. As the EF is specific for each Leishmania serotype group, coagglutination and indirect hemagglutination offer the possibility of rapid, easy, sensitive and specific diagnostic tools in the determinations of both antigen and antibody in specimens from suspected cases of leishmaniasis. PMID- 7239870 TI - Latent carcinoma of thyroid in Israel: a study of 260 autopsies. AB - Thyroid glands from 260 consecutive autopsies of patients over the age of 20 were examined. Seventeen (6.5%) latent carcinomas of the thyroid were found-11 papillary and 6 follicular. In 15 cases no metastases were found, but in two cases of latent papillary carcinoma diffuse metastases were present in the lungs at death. The frequency of carcinoma increased with age with a peak in the seventh decade. There was no female predominance. The tumors were more frequent in Jews born in Europe. The rates of adenoma, goiter and primary malignancies of other sites were increased in patients with latent thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7239871 TI - Infections in vascular operations. AB - During the period 1973-79, 26 infections occurred in 931 vascular operations. The overall infection rate was 2.8%, and 80% of the infections occurred in groin incisions. There was a significantly higher infection rate when a synthetic graft was inserted, when there was an infected foot ulcer prior to operation, or when early reoperation was necessary. Several regimens of antibiotic treatment are described. The current practice of a short perioperative course of cefazolin, combined with irrigation of the wound with 1% povidone-iodine solution before closure of the skin resulted in an acceptably low rate of infection (less than 2%) during the last three years of the study period. There is no advantage in continuing postoperative antibiotic therapy for more than one to three days. PMID- 7239872 TI - Fetal heart rate patterns and scalp blood pH as predictors of fetal distress. AB - Repeated samplings of scalp blood pH were obtained from 62 fetuses in whom continuous fetal heart rate monitoring was indicative of fetal distress. In all, 182 scalp blood samples were evaluated. Umbilical cord blood pH was determined immediately after delivery in 48 cases. In addition to heart rate abnormalities, fetal metabolic changes were considered in determining the mode of delivery. Vaginal delivery was allowed in 74.2% of the patient in our series and only 25.8% had cesarean sections. Repeated scalp blood pH sampling proved to be an important adjunct to continuous fetal heart rate monitoring in increasing the accuracy of diagnosis of fetal distress. PMID- 7239873 TI - Intrinsic fluorescence of the amniotic fluid. AB - The intrinsic fluorescence of clear amniotic fluid from third-trimester pregnancy is reported. The fluorescence intensity peaked at 405 nm when excited by ultraviolet light in the range of 310 to 360 nm. All of the 33 samples tested fluoresced, and their emission spectrum had the same shape, varying only in magnitude. Changing sample temperature (20 to 50 C) and sample pH (7.2 to 7.7) had little effect on the emission spectrum. The same fluorescence, with higher intensity, was observed when some newborn urine was tested. The fluorescence of amniotic fluid may provide a new tool to determine fetal age, fetal organ maturation, and fetal distress. PMID- 7239874 TI - Multiple arterial occlusions in a hemophilic patient. AB - Development of cerebral and coronary arterial occlusion in a hemophilic patient with widespread obliterative arteriosclerosis is described. This observation indicates that even a profound life-long coagulation defect does not afford protection against cerebrovascular and coronary occlusion and raises further questions regarding the rationale of anticoagulant therapy in the management of arteriosclerotic obliterative disease. PMID- 7239875 TI - Mechanism by which steroids enhance cardiac recovery after ischemic arrest. PMID- 7239876 TI - Dimethyl sulfoxide in experimental atherosclerosis of the rabbit. PMID- 7239877 TI - Selective screening for occult renal diseases and hypertension. PMID- 7239878 TI - Screening for neonatal hypothyroidism in Israel. PMID- 7239879 TI - Inborn hypouricemia due to isolated defect in renal tubular uric acid transport. PMID- 7239880 TI - Two-year survival of patients with ventricular ectopic beats classified according to site of origin of the ectopic beats. PMID- 7239881 TI - Therapists and theorists in tandem: can doctors and philosophers work together? PMID- 7239883 TI - Cautionary advice for humanists. PMID- 7239884 TI - One philosopher's experience on an ethics committee. PMID- 7239885 TI - Contracts to bear a child: compassion or commercialism? PMID- 7239882 TI - A physician's view. PMID- 7239886 TI - Risk taking and a minor birth defect. PMID- 7239887 TI - From Homer to Benjamin Franklin: the nature of the virtues. PMID- 7239888 TI - A contrast to the American model: the British tradition of social administration moral concerns at the expense of scientific rigor. PMID- 7239889 TI - New regulations, new responsibilities for institutions. PMID- 7239891 TI - Help from the dead: the cases of Brother Fox and John Storar. PMID- 7239890 TI - Increasing incidence and medical 'necessity' babies by Cesarean: who chooses, who controls? PMID- 7239892 TI - Should states require child passenger protection? AB - Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death and injury in children over one year of age in the United States. In response to this problem, bills have been introduced in the legislatures of more than twenty states that would require children to be restrained when riding in motor vehicles. Details such as age limits and types of allowable restraint devices have varied with the individual proposals. Laws have been passed in Tennessee and Rhode Island requiring child passengers to be restrained under certain circumstances. In both these states, as well as in many other states where similar laws have been proposed, objections have been raised on the basis of individual and family rights. A state legislative commission has drafted a Proposed Model Law: Every driver transporting a child under the age of five years in a motor vehicle registered in this state and operated on the roadways, streets, or highways of this state shall provide for the protection of the child by properly using a child passenger restraint system meeting applicable Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. Is such a law a necessary protection, or does it violate due process, privacy, and the right of parents to raise children as they see fit? Does it also discriminate economically? PMID- 7239893 TI - The personal voyage of a student of ethics: from cruelty to goodness. PMID- 7239894 TI - Malady: a new treatment of disease. PMID- 7239895 TI - The court-martial of Bobby Garwood: coercive persuasion and the 'culpable mind'. PMID- 7239896 TI - Protecting human subjects: the Federal Government steps back. PMID- 7239897 TI - Treatment of coral cuts in Hawaii. PMID- 7239898 TI - Hemoccult screening for colon cancer by Hawaii's physicians. PMID- 7239899 TI - Specific and non-specific effects of skin temperature control in migraine management. PMID- 7239900 TI - Prevalence and significance of muscle tenderness during common migraine attacks. PMID- 7239901 TI - Complement studies in migraine. PMID- 7239903 TI - Migraine and tension headache: is there a physiological difference? PMID- 7239902 TI - Recurrent painless oculomotor palsy in children. A variant of ophthalmoplegic migraine? PMID- 7239904 TI - Use of ergot preparations in acute migraine attacks. PMID- 7239905 TI - Forensic dental aspects of bite marks in food. PMID- 7239907 TI - Some problems in nursing. PMID- 7239906 TI - Depressive illness in general practice: a pilot study. PMID- 7239909 TI - The chief scientist reports. the Biomedical Research Committee. PMID- 7239910 TI - Fitness to drive: additional guidance on 1. cardiac conditions. PMID- 7239908 TI - Misuse of drugs in Scotland, 1977 to 1979. PMID- 7239911 TI - The management of epilepsy-an audit of two practices. PMID- 7239912 TI - Cervical spondylosis-routine oblique films are unnecessary. PMID- 7239913 TI - Immunisation rates in Glasgow. PMID- 7239914 TI - The use of aids and adaptations in a study of stroke rehabilitation. PMID- 7239915 TI - Filing for bankruptcy: the process and impact on hospital management. PMID- 7239917 TI - Medical school and hospital relationships: an inter-organizational perspective. PMID- 7239916 TI - Media and message strategies: consumer input for hospital advertising. AB - In summary, the results of the study suggest that a potentially large segment of consumers views advertising as an appropriate way to communicate about hospital services and rates. These consumers are unique not by traditional measures of audience/patient sociodemographic characteristics, but rather by their values and outlook toward hospitals and health care providers. Effective hospital advertising should recognize this segment's perspective in the message that are part of overall advertising strategy. PMID- 7239918 TI - Patient perception of medical care. PMID- 7239919 TI - Marketing information and market research--valuable tools for managers. PMID- 7239920 TI - Energy consciousness among using home administrators: problems and realities. PMID- 7239921 TI - Financial considerations for medical staff office buildings. PMID- 7239922 TI - HCMR interview: Everett A. Johnson. PMID- 7239923 TI - Hospital philanthropy: strengthening the financial base of nonprofit hospitals. PMID- 7239924 TI - Medical technology diffusion and its effects on the modern hospital. PMID- 7239925 TI - Medical rehabilitation in the 1980s. PMID- 7239926 TI - Acute-care/long-term care facility combinations: new challenges for the administrator. PMID- 7239927 TI - Credentialing: an ongoing concern in health care. PMID- 7239928 TI - Viewpoint: the rise and fall of cost containment in Colorado. PMID- 7239929 TI - HCMR interview: Montague Brown. PMID- 7239930 TI - Hospital cost containment and the health economy. PMID- 7239931 TI - [Multiple systemic neuromas of the skin and mucous membranes]. AB - A 58-year-old man is described with fibrillar neuroma of the lips, tongue, mucous membranes of the mouth, and larynx. Also tumors of the capillitium, the neck the trunk, and the arms were found. There were no clinical or blood chemical signs of pheochromocytoma, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid or medullated corneal nerve fibers. It is considered that there is no association with the multiple endocrine adenomatosis type IIb, or with the neurofibromatosis von Recklinghausen. PMID- 7239933 TI - [Proliferating trichilemmal tumor]. AB - The proliferating trichilemmal tumor is a rare benign neoplasm of the outer roof sheath of the terminal hair follicle. It occurs almost exclusively in elderly women as a solitary tumor of the hairy scalp. In a woman 71 years of age a proliferating trichilemmal tumor developed during two years. A large cornu cutaneum of the parietal scalp was present. The clinical and histopathologic features can be mistaken for squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 7239932 TI - [Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis)]. AB - Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis) is a severe deep mycosis that begins in the lungs, mouth and pharynx and can affect the whole organism through lymphatic and hematologic dissemination. It is caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and occurs in warm and humid regions near large forest. The sulfonamides are very active and represent the therapy of choice. Special cases are treated with Amphotericin B. PMID- 7239936 TI - Experiences with the deltopectoral flap in reconstructive surgery of the head and neck. AB - Despite the development of many alternative methods of reconstruction in head and neck surgery, the deltopectoral skin flap still remains a useful method in our armamentarium. Its use as a nondelayed procedure in 44 patients with various defects in the head and neck following tumor surgery is discussed. The reliability of the deltopectoral flap is evaluated. Major necrosis of the flap occurred in 6 (13.6%) of our patients. As to the cause of failure, more than one factor could be identified in the individual patient. However, the failure rate was higher when the flap was used in the reconstruction of defects in the anterior part of the oral cavity, particularly the floor of the mouth, than at other sites in the head and neck. PMID- 7239934 TI - [Granuloma anulare giganteum]. AB - A 75 year old patient had atypical granulomata annularia in several regions of his body. Besides he presented a poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Morphologically it was difficult to classify the disease. Clinically cutaneous lymphoma were considered. PMID- 7239935 TI - Bilateral Z-flap pharyngoplasty in the treatment of rhinolalia. AB - The use of a bilateral Z-plasty with superiorly based myomucosal flaps of the posterior pharyngeal wall in the treatment of nasopharyngeal incontinence in 16 patients with rhinolalia is reported. The transposition of these flaps leads to the formation of a dynamic and physiologic velopharyngeal sphincter that produces a marked improvement in speech. The same procedure yielded satisfactory results in 3 cases of pharyngitis sicca. We have maintained a postoperative follow-up of these patients from 6 months to 16 years and have been very pleased with the sustained good results. PMID- 7239937 TI - Pi meson radiotherapy for advanced head and neck neoplasms: preliminary results. AB - Under the auspices of the University of New Mexico Cancer Research and Treatment Center, trials are under way at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility to evaluate the effects of pi meson irradiation on locally advanced human tumors. This paper summarizes the preliminary results in patients with locally advanced head and neck tumors treated under Phase 1 and Phase II studies. A total of 26 patients were treated between June 1977 and May 1979 with a minimum follow-up of 9 months and a maximum follow-up of 33 months. Sites of disease included the oropharynx in 10 cases (base of tongue in 7, tonsil in 2, and pharyngoepiglottic fold in 1), the supraglottic larynx in 4, the nasopharynx in 5, the oral cavity in 4, the hypopharynx in 2, and the sublingual salivary gland in 1. Twelve of the 26 patients are alive, and 10 survive with no evidence of disease. Doses employed ranged from a minimum of 1,000 peak pion rad in 7 fractions over 9 days to a maximum of 5,4000 peak pion rad in 51 fractions of 89 days. The minimum dose employed for any patients treated with peak pions alone was 3,000 rad. These data are analyzed according to dose, sit, histology, tumor response, local control, and survival. Results from these cases form the basis of the Phase III randomized trials for advanced squamous-cell carcinomas of the head and neck, which are currently in progress. PMID- 7239938 TI - Surgical management of carcinoma of the posterior pharyngeal wall. AB - Carcinoma of the posterior pharyngeal wall is an aggressive disease that demands vigorous therapy, often in the form of combined surgery and radiotherapy. Surgical excision of wide areas of the posterior pharyngeal wall may allow acceptable swallowing function in many patients. This article reviews the methods of surgical exposure utilized in conservation pharyngeal surgery and emphasizes the important principles involved in the preservation of laryngeal and pharyngeal functions. PMID- 7239939 TI - The pathology of head and neck tumors: the occult primary and metastases to the head and neck, Part 10. AB - Metastases from carcinomas to the head and neck, either to lymph nodes or to extranodal sites, arise most often from known primary neoplasms. However, some are from a clinically inapparent neoplasm--the so-called occult primary. If the metastasis is an epidermoid carcinoma in a lymph node, the odds clearly favor the primary being in the upper aerodigestive tract. The success rate of discovery is variable, however, and a significant number of primaries remain undetected. Metastatic adenocarcinomas, to either nodal or extranodal sites, are most often from infraclavicular neoplasms. In general, the incidence of metastases to the head and neck from visceral primaries below the clavicle follows the general incidence of the primary cancer itself. Renal-cell carcinoma is the exception since its frequency of metastases to the head and neck exceeds the expected incidence in the general population. Branchiogenic carcinoma is more a conceptual than a literal clinicopathologic entity. The diagnosis should be made with reluctance and only after fulfillment of several rather stringent criteria. PMID- 7239940 TI - Mediastinitis and bilateral pyopneumothorax complicating a parapharyngeal abscess. AB - A 38-year-old male suffered from mediastinitis, pericarditis, and bilateral sudden pyopneumothorax as a complication of the parapharyngeal abscess that ruptured into the hypopharynx. The full diagnosis remained obscure until the complete clinical picture evolved. Antibiotics and pleural and cervical drainage failed to alleviate the symptoms. Recovery commenced only after tamponade of the retropharyngeal space, which terminated the flow of air and saliva from the neck to the thorax. The anatomic relation of the spaces concerned are discussed, as well as the therapeutic and surgical approaches. the importance of the retropharyngeal space, which may serve as a conduit between the neck and the mediastinum, is pointed out. PMID- 7239941 TI - A ganglion of the temporomandibular joint presenting as a parotid tumor. AB - A case of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ganglion is described, and 4 previously reported cases are noted. In all cases, initial diagnosis of parotid neoplasm proved incorrect at surgical exploration. Management of all cases consisted of identification of the facial nerve and excision of the ganglion with a cuff of TMJ capsule. The diagnosis of TMJ ganglion should be entertained when a presumed parotid neoplasm changes in size or position with jaw movement. PMID- 7239942 TI - [Injuries in children up to 14 years of age. Medico-statistical study of over 263,166 injured children]. PMID- 7239944 TI - Light and electron microscopic localization of silver in biological tissue. AB - A method is described that visualizes trace amounts of silver in frozen, paraffin and epon sections from biological tissue. After exposure to light, which ensures reduction of silver ions that are not bound to sulphide, histological sections from animals treated with silver compounds are exposed to a photographic developer containing silver ions. Tissue silver acts as a catalyst for the hydroquinone reduction of silver ions to metallic silver which then accumulates at the site of the trace deposit. Light and electron micrographs showing silver in different organs from albino rats treated with silver lactate are presented. Localization of silver in motor neurons of the spinal gray matter and pons indicates a transport of silver over the blood-brain barrier. Silver precipitates in fetal liver suggest that silver ions can penetrate the placental barrier. PMID- 7239943 TI - Cytofluorometry on cells isolated from paraffin sections after blocking of the background fluoroscence by azocarmine G. AB - A technique for isolation of cells from paraffin embedded tissue is indispensable for the performance of Feulgen-DNA cytofluorometry in parallel with the definition of histological characteristics. Background fluorescence due to nonspecific dye-binding by a "pseudo-plasmal reaction" is usually found to be so intense on cells isolated from formalin-fixed tissues, that we are often forced to abandon quantitative DNA determinations. In the present work, we report the fixation of tissues with Carnoy's fixative for 12 h at 5 degrees C not only reduces nonspecific dye-binding but also facilitates the process of cell isolation. Furthermore, we find that pre-treatment of cells isolated from Carnoy fixed tissues with acidic azocarmin G solution completely blocks nonspecific dye binding in subsequent acriflavine Feulgen nuclear staining. This combination of techniques for specimen preparation enables us to carry out Feulgen-DNA cytofluorometry on cells isolated from histological sections with satisfactorily low coefficients of variation (less than 8%). The techniques should be widely applicable for parallel DNA determinations and histology. PMID- 7239945 TI - Further studies on the precipitative freeze dissolution technique for the localization of inorganic ions. PMID- 7239946 TI - Video intensification microscopy (VIM) as an aid in routine fluorescence microscopy. PMID- 7239947 TI - Quantification of nephrotoxicity in rabbits by automated morphometry of alkaline phosphatase stained kidney sections. AB - Male and female rabbits were injected intravenously with a single dose of either cefroxadine or cefsulodin or cephaloridine. Quantitative determinations of the activity of two brush border membrane enzymes, aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase, were made in homogenates of cortical kidney tissue, in the urine and morphometrically in proximal tubules of cryostat sections. Morphometry was done by classification and enumeration of proximal tubule sections with the same level of enzyme reaction product using a microscopic television analysis system. By comparison with the control values, no changes were detectable 24 h after the injection of up to 1.2 g cefroxadine or cefsulodin per kg body weight. By contrast, after 300 mg/kg cephaloridine, the concentrations of the two enzymes were decreased in a large number of proximal tubules, i.e. the brush border membranes, and concomitantly cell degeneration and necrosis took place. Alkaline phosphatase activity in sections and tissue homogenates was reduced to a greater extent than aminopeptidase activity. A corresponding, significant increase in enzymic activity in the urine was only demonstrable in respect of aminopeptidase. The classification of proximal tubules in sections by television analysis on the basis of alkaline phosphatase reaction product concentration appears to be a reliable measure for detecting and quantifying toxic effects on proximal tubules of kidney. PMID- 7239949 TI - [From labyrinthitis of the soft part and osteitis of the bony inner ear to osteoplastic epitympanotomy. Part I. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7239948 TI - Localization of adenylate cyclase activity in the tissues of an intact planarian Dugesia lugubris (O. Schmidt). PMID- 7239950 TI - [Vestibulo-spinal tests for medicolegal assessments (author's transl)]. AB - For the medicolegal assessment of vestibular disorders, vestibulospinal tests are necessary. A minimum program includes the Romberg test, the Unterberger stepping test, and walking with eyes closed. When positive results are found, semi quantitative evaluation is possible. However, this value is less important than is vestibulo-ocular examination. PMID- 7239951 TI - [The degree of disability in cases of small noise induced hearing losses (author's transl)]. AB - For calculation of the degree of disability in cases of small noise induced hearing losses, Lehnhardt has developed a table which divides the range of small hearing losses into two groups with 0% and 10% respectively, and makes it possible to pick up the degree of disability directly by use of the audiometrical data from tone and speech audiometry. A comparison between the degrees of disability picked up from this table and those, which are received from the table of Boenninghaus and Roser using only the results of speech audiometry, shows that the table of Lehnhardt in more cases yields a degree of 10% disability than the table of Boenninghaus and Roser. In the range of beginning to severe hearing loss both tables give results which statistically are not different. In cases of noise induced hearing loss in combination with other causes of hearing disability, where the low frequencies also have severe hearing loss, the table of Lehnhardt enables one to calculate the noise induced part of the whole hearing loss against another kind of hearing defect. PMID- 7239952 TI - [Tinnitus and expert opinion (author's transl)]. AB - For giving an expert opinion on subjective tinnitus one should try to define it as for its frequency-character, loudness and the masking by white noise. Tinnitus with chronic hearing impairment due to noise should be rated with an additional disability to work of 5%. At ear noise caused centrally or cervically a disability to work of 10% can be justified--as far as those complaints are to be valued. PMID- 7239953 TI - [The burden's allotment of assertion, of argumentation and of proof in the medical liability process (author's transl)]. AB - The actual principles of the burden's allotment of assertion, of argumentation and of proof in medical liability process are particularized as they are handled at present by the Western Germany jurisdiction. The importance of conscientious medical records is emphasized within this complex of questions. A further modification of the legal conception can not be excluded. PMID- 7239954 TI - [Kimura' disease with localization at the neck (author's transl)]. AB - This disease is discussed in the past mostly in the dermatological literature, the ENT specialist is little aware of its existence. The condition is characterized by subcutaneous, painless nodules occurring most frequently in the region of the ear, parotid gland, cheek and lateral neck. The lesion must be differentiated from disease of the lymph nodes, especially malignant tumours. The pathologic diagnosis is based upon a hyperplasia of angiolymphatic tissue and marked blood eosinophilia. The prognosis appears to be favourable. A case is presented together with the clinical picture and histopathological findings. The differential diagnosis and treatment are discussed. PMID- 7239955 TI - Structural and fascial influences on TMJ apparatus. PMID- 7239956 TI - Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation for acute myocardial infarction: use in a community hospital. PMID- 7239958 TI - Leukocyte abnormalities in idiopathic refractory sideroblastic anemia: an indolent myeloproliferative disease. PMID- 7239957 TI - Diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a retrospective study of 401 cases. PMID- 7239961 TI - Malignant melanoma: report of case. PMID- 7239960 TI - Cardiac stress related to occlusal instability and temporomandibular joint dysfunction: report of a case. PMID- 7239962 TI - An analysis of 353 vaginal deliveries: natural versus anesthesia. PMID- 7239959 TI - Compartment syndromes of the leg. PMID- 7239963 TI - Renal function and hypertension associated with pregnancy. PMID- 7239964 TI - Primary malignancy of the small intestine: a diagnostic enigma. Case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7239965 TI - Clinical management of postdate pregnancy in the small community hospital. PMID- 7239966 TI - Functional anatomy of human locomotion and posture--a symposium. PMID- 7239967 TI - Three-dimensional kinematics in the pelvic girdle. PMID- 7239968 TI - The problem of stress bearing and architecture in bone: analysis of human vertebrae. PMID- 7239969 TI - New perspectives on muscle use during locomotion: electromyographic studies of rapid and complex behaviors. PMID- 7239970 TI - The quadriceps complex in bipedal man. PMID- 7239971 TI - Biomechanics of postural stability in man. PMID- 7239972 TI - Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia. PMID- 7239973 TI - Structural influences in temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction. PMID- 7239974 TI - Vasospastic coronary disease diagnosed after myocardial revascularization. PMID- 7239975 TI - Transbronchial lung biopsy by means of the fiberoptic bronchoscope: review of sixty cases. PMID- 7239977 TI - Human awareness through literature. PMID- 7239976 TI - Effect of nutritional support on serum albumin: comparison of techniques. PMID- 7239980 TI - Changes in labeling indices of human tumors after irradiation. PMID- 7239978 TI - Triiodothyronine (T3) toxicosis and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: report of case. PMID- 7239982 TI - The heterogeneity of the T(2) Glottic carcinoma and its local control probability after radiation therapy. PMID- 7239979 TI - Pathologic effects of intracavitary irradiation with Californium-252. PMID- 7239981 TI - A re-evaluation of split-course technique for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. PMID- 7239983 TI - Effect of fractionated doses of pions on normal tissues: part I. mouse skin. PMID- 7239984 TI - Effect of fractionated doses of pions on normal tissues: part II. mouse jejunum. PMID- 7239986 TI - Fractionation and dose-rate effects on the acute reaction of skin to low intensity gamma rays. PMID- 7239985 TI - Cytarabin (Ara-C) induced radioresistance of mouse jejunal stem cells following single or fractionated doses of radiation. PMID- 7239988 TI - Comparison of static and dynamic treatment modes for the pion therapy beam at LAMPF. PMID- 7239987 TI - The effects of fractionated doses of fast neutrons or photons on the canine brain: evaluation by computerized tomography and evoked response recording. PMID- 7239989 TI - Do we need radiation therapy technologists trained at the baccalaureate level in the United States?. PMID- 7239991 TI - T(3)N(X)M(O) carcinoma of the urinary bladder treated by the combination of radium implant and external irradiation. A preliminary report. PMID- 7239990 TI - The training of radiotherapists in the United States. PMID- 7239992 TI - Management of solitary metastasis to the brain: the role of elective brain irradiation following complete surgical resection. PMID- 7239993 TI - Transient radiation myelopathy (Lhermitte's sign) in patients with Hodgkin's disease treated by mantle irradiation. PMID- 7239995 TI - Evaluation of computed tomography assisted and transit dosimetry treatment planning with thermoluminescent dosimetry measurements. PMID- 7239996 TI - Time-dose-volume considerations in iodine-125 interstitial brachytherapy. PMID- 7239994 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of olfactory neuroblastomas in seven patients. PMID- 7239997 TI - Endometrial adenocarcinoma in a uterus duplex treated with radiotherapy: a case report and review of literature. PMID- 7239998 TI - Avian urography. PMID- 7239999 TI - Pulmonary artery thrombosis in three dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. AB - Varying degrees of respiratory distress developed in 3 dogs in which hyperadrenocorticism was diagnosed. The respiratory distress was attributed to pulmonary artery thrombosis. Radiography revealed pleural effusion, increased diameter and blunting of the pulmonary arteries, lack of perfusion of the obstructed pulmonary vasculature, and overperfusion of the unobstructed pulmonary vasculature. Thrombosis was confirmed by nonselective angiocardiography in each case. In 1 case, selective angiocardiography showed marked reduction of the transit time of contrast medium from the right atrium to the aorta. Hypertension proximal to the site of thrombosis was confirmed in 2 cases by showing increases in the right ventricular systolic pressures (80 mm of Hg in one case and 54 mm of Hg in the other case). In 3 cases, there was moderate hypoxemia with hypocapnia, suggesting a ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings other than respiratory distress included hepatomegaly, ventral edema, orthopnea, and a jugular pulse. Pulmonary artery thrombosis, as it occurred in these 3 cases, was compared with the disease in man. It was concluded that pulmonary artery thrombosis should be suspected in cases of intractable dyspnea, right-sided heart failure of unexplained origin, and acute unexplainable death. PMID- 7240000 TI - Unusual disease conditions in pet and aviary birds. AB - Ninety percent ot 100% mortality in budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) nestlings from 2 aviaries was attributed to giardiasis. Treatment with dimetridazole in drinking water was effective in controlling mortality. Aeromonas hydrophila infection incriminated in acute deaths of aviary canaries (Serinus canarius) was successfully treated with chlortetracycline. Aeromonas hydrophila also was isolated in pure culture from a toucan (ramphastos toco) with acute nephrosis and a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) with chlamydiosis (psittacosis). Coccidiosis associated with hemorrhagic enteritis, diarrhea, and mortality was diagnosed in budgerigars originating from 3 aviaries. Sporulated oocysts from 1 group of budgerigars were identified as Eimera sp. Sulfamethazine in drinking water was an effective treatment. PMID- 7240002 TI - Employment rules concerning religious discrimination. PMID- 7240003 TI - A gastric nematode (Ollulanus tricuspis) in cats in the Pacific Northwest. AB - Ollulanus tricuspis, a minute gastric nematode not previously documented in the United States, was identified by histologic examination and by dissecting microscopic examination of stomach contents of 7 cats from 3 breeding colonies in the Pacific Northwest. The nematode may have contributed to chronic weight loss and undernutrition in part by causing gastric irritation, with resultant vomiting. The findings suggest that infection with Ollulanus parasites may be more widespread in the United States than realized. PMID- 7240001 TI - Clinical use of anion and osmolal gaps in veterinary medicine. PMID- 7240004 TI - Surgical resection of intestinal adenocarcinoma in a cat, with survival of 28 months. PMID- 7240005 TI - Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a cat. PMID- 7240006 TI - Albendazole for treatment of Paragonimus kellicotti infection in two cats. PMID- 7240007 TI - Double-chambered right ventricle in two dogs. AB - In 2 dogs (3 and 8 months old), double-chambered right ventricle was diagnosed by selective angiocardiography. In 1 dog, the systolic pressure in the outflow tract portion of the right ventricle and in the main pulmonary artery was 13 mm of Hg, whereas the systolic pressure in the right ventricle proximal to a constricting muscular ring was 80 mm of Hg. The absence of a valvular pressure gradient and the appearance of normal valves at surgery indicated that the right ventricular outflow obstruction was a congenital lesion. The 67-mm of Hg pressure gradient suggested the need for resection of the obstruction. The defect was corrected surgically and the dog was clinically normal when examined 1 1/2 years later. The 2nd dog was not considered for corrective surgery because of a clinically insignificant gradient in the right ventricular outflow tract. When the dog was examined at 11 months of age, the cardiac silhouette was bilaterally enlarged. However, inasmuch as the dog had not experienced any exercise intolerance or weakness and the electrocardiogram was normal, further diagnostic and therapeutic work was not done. When the dog was examined at 20 months of age, it appeared healthy. PMID- 7240009 TI - Bone marrow hypoplasia in a feminized dog with a Sertoli cell tumor. PMID- 7240010 TI - Physiologic and analgesic effects of acupuncture in the dog. AB - Two acupuncture regimens were compared as to their efficacy in inducing analgesia sufficient for midline abdominal incisions in dogs. In addition, the physiologic effects of electrostimulation of the single point that the 2 regimens had in common, Tsu-san-li (stomach or St-36), were examined. The physiologic effects were compared with those monitored during the procedure used for induction of analgesia. Electrostimulation of 1 acupoint combination, St-36 and Yang-ling chuan (gallbladder or GB-34), induced effective analgesia for an abdominal midline incision in 8 of 9 dogs tested (89%). The second point combination, St-36 and San-yin-chiao (spleen or Sp-6), induced effective analgesia for an abdominal midline incision in only 2 of 8 dogs tested (25%). Analgesia was inferred when an animal's struggling response during the incision procedure was absent or minimal. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and arterial blood pressure were monitored during acupoint stimulation. Significant changes in heart rate or respiratory rate were not detected during electrostimulation of St-36, St-36 and GB-34, or randomly selected nonacupuncture metatarsal loci. Although there were statistically significant decreases in systolic blood pressure during electrostimulation of nonacupuncture points alone and of St-36 alone, the magnitude of these increases was small, ranging from 3.75 mm of Hg to 4 mm of Hg. PMID- 7240011 TI - Selected aspects of aminoglycoside antibiotic nephrotoxicosis. PMID- 7240008 TI - Use of cystine, lactose, electrolyte-deficient medium for isolation and identification of bacteria and yeasts from the skin and ears of dogs. AB - Cystine, lactose, electrolyte-deficient (CLED) medium, a culture medium used for isolation and identification of bacteria from the urinary tract of human beings, was evaluated in a clinical setting for isolation and identification of bacteria and yeasts from the skin and ears of dogs. Staphylococci, streptococci, Pseudomonas sp, Proteus sp, and Candida sp were isolated in cases of secondary pyoderma, otitis, demodectic mange, and folliculitis in 50 dogs. Proteus sp was found along with other organisms in 5 cases. Spreading of Proteus sp was prevented by the CLED medium, permitting isolation of the other pathogenic organisms. Observations of growth characteristics on CLED medium and use of 4 additional simple laboratory procedures permitted correct identification of 90.3% of the isolates. PMID- 7240012 TI - Therapy of demodicosis in snow leopard challenged. PMID- 7240013 TI - Public health aspects of roundworms. PMID- 7240014 TI - Cat vaccine and rabies compendium. PMID- 7240015 TI - Unlicensed practice--who can stop it? PMID- 7240016 TI - Evaluation of a commercial preparation for oral therapy of diarrhea in neonatal calves: administration by suckling versus intubation. PMID- 7240017 TI - Comparison of sperm-rich fractions of boar semen collected by electroejaculation and the gloved-hand technique. AB - Semen was collected from 8 yearling boars, using electroejaculation and the gloved-hand technique. Four semen samples were collected from each boar by each technique, on an alternating schedule, with a 72-hour interval between collections. Comparison of the volume, motility, live-dead ratio, sperm concentration, and spermatozoal conformation of the sperm-rich fractions showed that there were no significant differences between the 2 techniques for any factor evaluated. PMID- 7240018 TI - Brucella canis in a uterine stump abscess in a bitch. PMID- 7240019 TI - Urinary tract infection resulting from catheterization in healthy adult dogs. AB - The urinary bladders of 70 clinically normal adult dogs of both sexes and a variety of breeds were catheterized after a urine specimen was taken from each dog by antepubic cystocentesis. All of the specimens were negative for bacterial growth after 72 hours' incubation at 37 C. Three days later, a 2nd urine specimen was taken from each dog by cystocentesis. All 35 specimens collected from male dogs at this time were culture-negative, whereas 7 of 35 (20%) specimens collected from female dogs were culture-positive. It was concluded that urinary bladder catheterization in female dogs is associated with substantial risk and should be used only when alternate methods of urine collection are not available. PMID- 7240020 TI - Toxicology of ethylenediamine dihydriodide. PMID- 7240021 TI - Auditory-nerve fiber responses to frequency-modulated tones. AB - Discharge patterns of cat auditory-nerve fibers were obtained in response to frequency-modulated (FM) tones. The rate and direction of frequency change and the sound-pressure level of the sweep tones were systematically varied, and aspects of the discharge patterns were compared to aspects of the discharge patterns elicited by pure tones. Increases in SPL broaden the frequency range over which the fiber responds, as is the case with pure-tone stimuli. Increases in the rate of frequency change have little effect on frequency selectivity for the rates tested. In general, the pure-tone response area is a good predictor of the response area to FM. Although approximately equal numbers of spikes are elicited by ascending and descending sweeps, the discharge patterns differ slightly; for each direction of frequency change, the FM response area is shifted in the direction of the earliest-occurring frequencies. Most of this shift can be accounted for by neural adaptation. This asymmetry is small, relative to those observed in the central nervous system. PMID- 7240023 TI - The effect of noise on time-intensity trading in lateralization. AB - A two-interval forced-choice lateralization task was used to determine interaural delays and interaural amplitude ratios which, when opposed in quiet, led to chance lateralization; the opposed cues formed time-intensity trades. Three types of signal were used: (1) 20-microseconds clicks; (2) 250-ms bursts of a 305 Hz tone; and (3) 250-ms bursts of 3965 Hz carrier amplitude modulated to a depth of 100% at a modulation rate of 305 Hz. The addition of various levels of broad-band white noise did not influence the relative effectiveness of the two lateralization cues with pure tone signals; however, the addition of noise to clicks and to AM waveforms led to lateralization judgements in which the cue based on interaural delay appeared to be less effective than in quiet. PMID- 7240022 TI - Changes in cation contents of stria vascularis with ouabain and potassium-free perfusion. AB - Perfusion of the perilymphatic space of guinea pig cochleae with K-free medium leads to a gradual decline of the endocochlear potential (EP) over 30-50 min to a negative value (mean: -12 mV). The input resistance of scala media does not decrease during this time. The ATP and K content of the stria vascularis are reduced by similar amounts (26 and 34%, respectively) during this period. Perfusion of 1 mM ouabain produces a different pattern of response: strial ATP remains normal while strial K content is strongly reduced (by 77%). Strial Na rises in a complementary way to the K loss. These results demonstrate that a reduction of the K concentration of the perilymph leads to an inhibition of the generator of the positive component of the EP rather than to a general increase of cochlear duct membrane conductance. In addition, they suggest, in concert with other considerations (such as the slower rate of decline of the EP during K-free vascular perfusion (Wada, J., Kambayashi, J., Marcus, D.C. and Thalmann, R (1979): Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 225, 79-81)), that the mode of action may be different from that of ouabain. In spite of the lack of teleological support, we offer the hypothesis that the strial generator of the EP may primarily utilize K from perilymph and that vascular K may not have access to the generator. PMID- 7240024 TI - Binaural masking level differences with a variety of waveforms. AB - Binaural masking level differences (BMLDs) were measured in a standard two interval forced-choice detection task. The signals were (a) 250-ms bursts of pure tones, (b) amplitude-modulated waveforms with either high- or low-frequency carriers, and (c) 20-microseconds clicks. The pure tones and clicks were presented either eith zero phase difference between the ears or with an 180 degrees phase difference between the ears: the AM tones were presented in several different interaural phase conditions, only some of which lead to changes in the apparent location of the signal source. The noise against which all the signals were detected was white, broad-band, and identical at the ears. BMLDs were invariably small with high-frequency signals and with clicks. Although the magnitude of the BMLD obtained with low-frequency signals appeared to be related to the Observers' ability to lateralize the signal, there is a simpler explanation based on the assumption that detection of low-frequency AM signals is determined by independent detection of its components. PMID- 7240026 TI - Masking-period patterns and cochlear acoustical responses. AB - A suppression-period pattern' for acoustical responses has been measured in a similar way to the masking-period pattern. A triggered low-frequency masker decreases the acoustical response to a short test signal differently at different presentations within the period of the masker. The two patterns show such close relationships that a masking-period pattern can be developed out of a set of suppression-period patterns: masked threshold is reached with the same parameter conditions under which the acoustic responses diminish. The rules elaborated for masking-period patterns seem to hold for suppression-period patterns as well. PMID- 7240025 TI - The effect of carrier and modulation frequency on lateralization based on interaural phase and interaural group delay. AB - The sensitivity of Observers to interaural delay in either the envelope or the carrier of an amplitude-modulated sinusoid was measured in a two-interval forced choice task as a function of the frequency of the modulation and the frequency of the carrier. The two types of delay were set in opposition with the carrier leading in one ear but the modulation leading in the other. Lateralization appeared to be based on carrier (phase) delay when carrier frequency was below 1500 Hz, whatever the modulation frequency. For carrier frequency greater than 1500 Hz, lateralization performance was dependent both on carrier and on modulation frequency and was based on modulation (group) delay. PMID- 7240027 TI - On the use of natural stimuli in neurophysiological studies of audition. AB - Close scrutiny of the conceptual base which supports a recent explosion of interest in biologically relevant stimuli reveals several gaps and examples of inconsistent terminology. It is apparent that selection of stimuli has not always been optimal, in the sense that relevance was undefined and controls were lacking. The neurophysiological evidence most often sought has been the response of single neurons in central auditory pathways, and presentation of these results has at times made progress difficult to discern. A simplified, testable version of the feature detector hypothesis is discussed. PMID- 7240029 TI - A technique for monitoring nutrient absorption in the conscious, unrestrained pig. AB - A surgical preparation allowing for the determination of apparent absorption in the conscious, unrestrained pig is described. The technique allows the collection of blood from the hepatic portal vein and vena cava, as well as the simultaneous determination of rate of flow through the portal vessel. A chronic electromagnetic blood flow probe is placed around, and a mechanical, hydraulically activated sampling needle attached to, the hepatic portal vein. An indwelling catheter is placed within the vena cava. By simultaneously determining nutrient concentration of hepatic portal and vena cava blood and then multiplying their difference by the rate of blood flow through the hepatic portal vein, one can make a point-in-time estimate of apparent absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7240028 TI - Ammonium polyphosphate as a source of phosphorus and nonprotein nitrogen for monogastrics. AB - Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was substituted for 0, 50 and 100% of the P supplied by defluorinated rock phosphate (DRP) in corn-soybean meal diets for growing rats and growing-finishing (G-F) pigs. The diets were formulated to contain 10% protein, .75% Ca and .60% P. Two-thirds of the P in the control diet was supplied by DRP. Replacement of 50 or 100% of the DRP with APP increased the dietary N by 7.25 and 14.5%, respectively. To evaluate nonprotein N (NPN) utilization, we used ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) to provide a level of N equivalent to that supplied by APP when it replaced 100% of the P supplied by DRP. These four treatments were repeated with supplementation of limiting amino acids (L-lysine, L-tryptophan and DL-methionine. Daily feed intake, rate of gain and feed:gain (F:G) of rats and G F pigs were not influenced (P greater than .05) by the substitution of APP for DRP as a P source in corn-soybean meal diets with or without supplemental amino acids. F:G was improved (P less than .05) by the addition of limiting amino acids to diets for pigs, and a similar trend occurred in rats. The addition of NH4Cl to the 10% protein diets as a source of NPN resulted in no observable benefit for growing rats or G-F pigs. Percentages of ham and loin, percentages of bone ash and P content of the bone ash in pigs were not influenced by the dietary treatments. PMID- 7240031 TI - Effect of 2- versus 6-day collections for the determination of ruminal and postruminal digestion in steers. AB - Abomasally fistulated steers (500 kg) were used to determine the effect of length of collection period (2 vs 6 days) on total, ruminal and postruminal digestibilities of organic matter, starch and protein. Twice daily, four steers were fed steam-processed flaked grain and three steers were fed dry-rolled sorghum grain in an 82% grain diet. Dysprosium was used as an indicator. Abomasal and fecal samples were collected at 12-hr intervals for 6 days or every 4 hr for 2 days, providing 12 samples per collection period. Nutrient contents of feed, abomasal and fecal samples were similar during both collection periods. Except for total digestibility of crude protein in the dry-rolled grain diet, ruminal, postruminal and total digestibilities of organic matter, starch and protein did not differ between the 2- and 6-day collection periods. Standard deviations for nutrient concentration and digestion coefficients were similar for the two collection periods within both the steam-processed flaked and dry-rolled treatments. Results indicate that sampling six times daily for 2 days provided representative samples for partitioning organic matter, starch and protein digestibilities in abomasally fistulated steers that had been adapted to collection procedures. PMID- 7240030 TI - Heavy metal retention in tissues of cattle fed high cadmium sewage sludge. AB - A diet containing 11.5% (dry matter basis) of a moderately high Cd sewage sludge was fed to six Hereford steers for 106 days to simulate a high sludge intake from sludge-amended soils. At a mean live weight of 460 kg, the steers were slaughtered and liver, kidney, bone, muscle, lung, brain and spleen tissues were collected for heavy metal determinations; tissues were also collected at this time from six control steers fed the same diet with no sludge. The sludge-fed cattle consumed an average of 8.95 kg of diet dry matter/day and gained 1.13 kg/day. This feed intake was slightly higher, but the gain lower than that of control cattle. All gains were equal to those expected from intake of non-sludge diet components. This indicated that the sludge had approximately zero energy value and was acting as a dietary diluent. The sludge metal content (ppm, dry basis) was: Cd, 98; Hg, 18; Pb, 466; Cu, 1,733, and Zn, 1,733. Addition of sludge increased metal contents of the feedlot diet to 30 to 100 times that of the control. Retention of heavy metals in the total animal from sludge ingestion averaged .09%, .06% and .3% for Cd, Hg and Pb; no retention was noted from Cu and Zn. These low fractional retentions increased tissue Cd, Hg and Pb concentrations of liver and kidney tissues by five to 20-fold. Estimates of levels that would enter the human diet from average beef tissue consumption if all feedlot steers were fed sludge are presented for Cd, Hg and Pb. The data indicate that cattle are a moderately effective screen against the entry of these potentially toxic metals into the human diet. PMID- 7240032 TI - Alkali treatment of cereal grains. II. Digestion, ruminal measurements and feedlot performance. AB - Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of feeding alkali-treated corn on various metabolic and performance characteristics of cattle. In the first trial, four ruminally-fistulated cows were fed high moisture corn (HMC) in the following forms: whole, rolled, sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-treated and ammonium hydroxide-treated. The corn was fed as 75% of the diet (dry matter basis) in four 15-day feeding periods in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. NaOH-treated HMC produced the highest dry matter digestibility (P less than .05), the highest rumen pH (P less than .05), the highest ruminal fiber digestion (P less than .05) and the highest fecal pH (P less than .05). Rolled HMC produced the lowest rumen pH (P less than .05) and lowest fiber digestion (P less than .05). Ammonium hydroxide treated HMC produced no response in comparison to whole HMC and had the lowest rate of passage (P less than .05). Fecal starch, fecal water content, rumen fill and rumen ammonia were unaffected by treatments. In the second trial, 90 yearling steers were randomly allotted to five groups of 18 (six steers per pen). Steers were fed ad libitum a diet of 20% corn silage, 5% supplement and 75% corn as dry shelled corn, whole HMC, rolled HMC, NaOH-treated dry shelled corn or NaOH treated HMC. There were no treatment effects on daily dry matter intake. Cattle fed either of the NaOH-treated corns had lower (P less than .05) average daily gains and poorer (P less than .05) feed efficiencies. No treatment effect was apparent for any carcass characteristic measured except yield grade, which was lower (P less than .05) for steers fed NaOH-treated HMC. Whole HMC produced the highest (P less than .05) fecal pH values while both NaOH treatments produced lower (P less than .05) fecal pH values than the other treatments. PMID- 7240033 TI - What is animal stress and how is it measured? AB - The meaning of the term "stress" as it applies to animal husbandry is discussed. Because "stress" is used with various meanings, its application is often misinterpreted. Stress in general is looked upon as a symptom resulting from exposure of an animal to a hostile environment. To some it is a nonspecific response to all environmental forces; others feel there are specific stress symptoms caused by specific environmental forces. The term stress is sometimes used to describe the hostile environment. The correct usage depends upon the school of thought espoused. A common working definition of physiologists is that "stress" consists of external body forces that tend to displace homeostasis and "strain" is the internal displacement brought about by stress. There are environmental forces continuously acting upon animals that disrupt homeostasis, resulting in new adaptations that can be either detrimental or advantageous to man's interest. Measuring the magnitude of stress often means measuring the degree of adaptation. The important function of livestock management is to avoid the detrimental adaptations and capitalize on the advantageous ones. PMID- 7240034 TI - Cold stress as it affects animal production. AB - Almost two-thirds of all livestock in North America are raised in regions where the mean January temperature is below 0 C. The effects of cold conditions on productivity and efficiency of feed conversion by swine, dairy and beef cattle are reviewed. Swine are rather cold-susceptible and are therefore usually kept in heated housing when raised in colder regions. Lactating or fattening cattle are extremely cold-hardy and rarely experience climatic conditions below their lower critical temperature. Despite the absence of a challenge to homothermy in cattle, there are marked seasonal fluctuations in the cattle's level and efficiency of production which probably arise from hormonal and adaptive changes occurring as a consequence of mild cold stress. Primary among these changes are an increase resting metabolic rate, and hence an increased energy requirement for maintenance, and an increased rate of passage of digesta, which results in reduced digestive efficiency. With cold there is stimulation of appetite, which may partially counteract the reduced level of production but not the reduced efficiency of utilization of dietary energy. PMID- 7240035 TI - Housing and management to reduce climatic impacts on livestock. AB - Weather is a constraint on efficient livestock production systems. Evaluation of the degree of constraint is a difficult, but necessary task before selection of appropriate modifications in management or environments can be made. The basis for rational selection from available alternatives for the limitation of climatic stress in livestock has continued to improve, particularly with the development of rudimentary functional relationships between animal performance and weather parameters. Such relationships, when combined with probabilistic knowledge of the weather parameters, permit prediction of the reduction in animal performance under natural conditions, or of the benefits to be derived from proposed housing or management practices. Even with the imprecision still present in current models, such information provides livestock managers with improved bases for rational decisions on the housing or management of their animals compared with the broad generalizations now serving as guides. Refinement of present livestock response relationships and the development of new models will further improve their decision making and should be pursued as rapidly as resources permit. PMID- 7240036 TI - Comparison of three-breed and backcross swine for litter productivity and postweaning performance. AB - Duroc, Hampshire and Yorkshire boars were mated with crossbred gilts of Duroc Hampshire, Duroc-Yorkshire and Hampshire-Yorkshire breeding to produce 133 three breed and 259 backcross litters that were farrowed during four seasons beginning in the fall of 1975. Three-breed cross litters were .31 +/- .27, .57 +/- .24 and .50 +/- .24 pigs larger than backcross litters at birth, 21 and 42 days, respectively, and .6 +/- .34, 2.3 +/- 1.2 and 5.4 +/- 2.4 kg heavier at these ages. The differences in average pig weight and survival percentage were small. Three-breed cross litters gained faster (.024 +/- .007 kg/day) and were younger ( 4.7 +/- 1.5 days) at 100 kilograms. Three-breed cross pigs were about 3% more efficient than backcross pigs. The differences in average backfat probe and average daily feed intake were small and not significant. Breed of sire contrasts for litter traits were small and not significant. However, significant differences between sire breeds existed for postweaning performance. Also, few differences between crossbred dam groups were significant for litter size or litter weight, but significant differences in postweaning performance existed between progeny of crossbred dam groups. In general, pigs with Duroc breeding had the fastest growth rate and those with Hampshire breeding were the leanest. PMID- 7240037 TI - Estimates of genetic and environmental effects on performance traits from limousin field data. AB - Approximately 197,000 field records frm the North American Limousin Foundation performance testing program provided two major data sets and four subsets by sex for the estimation of variance components and heritabilities. The model included contemporary group, sire, breed composition of dam, age of dam and a covariate for age of calf for some traits. Heritabilities with sexes combined were: birth weight, .16 +/- .02; multiplicative age of dam corrected and age of calf adjusted 205-day weight, .08 +/- .01; age of calf adjusted 205-day weight, .10 +/- .02; additive age of dam corrected and age of calf adjusted 205-day weight, .09 +/- .01; preweaning average daily gain, .08 +/- .01; weaning weight, .09 +/- .02; preweaning relative growth, .09 +/- .01; multiplicative age of dam and age of calf adjusted 365-day weight, .14 +/- .02; age of calf adjusted 365-day weight, .16 +/- .02; postweaning average daily gain, .10 +/- .02; yearling weight, .16 +/ .02; weight per day of age, .16 +/- .02, and postweaning relative growth, .03 +/ .01. Partitioning of data sets by sex did not significantly change the estimates of heritability. PMID- 7240038 TI - Estimation of direct and maternal additive and heterotic effects from crossbreeding experiments in animals. PMID- 7240039 TI - Mature weight, maturation rate, maternal performance and their interrelationships in purebred and crossbred cows of angus and milking shorthorn parentage. AB - Mature weight, maturation rate and lifetime maternal performance, through a maximum of seven calving seasons, were analyzed for 182 cows of Angus (A) and Milking Shorthorn (S) breeds and the two reciprocal crossbred groups. Mature weight and rate of maturation were estimated for the three-parameter growth curve described by Brody. Estimates derived for mature weight (kilograms), both unadjusted and adjusted for cow condition, were, respectively: Angus, 421, 407; Shorthorn, 409, 459; A x S, 448, 455 and S x A, 440, 441 (approximate standard error, 8 kg). Estimates for the maturation rate parameter were, respectively: Angus, 5.8, 6.3; Shorthorn, 6.6, 5.4, A x S, 6.2, 6.1 and S x A, 5.9, 6.1%/month (approximate SE, .3%/month). Heterosis for mature weight was 3 to 7% (28 +/- 8 and 15 +/- 6 kg, respectively). No heterosis was observed for the maturation rate parameter. Birth weight (.048 +/- .025 kg/kg) and weaning weight (.142 +/- .044 kg/kg) of the first calves were positively related with mature size of the dam. Weaning weights of first calves increased with increasing rate of maturation of the dams (3.6 +/- 1.5 kg/percentage/month) while birth weights remained unchanged. Under the culling criteria used in this study, the number of calves produced by a cow in her lifetime decreased (-.007 +/- .003 calves/kg) with increasing mature weight, while average weaning weight of the calves increased (.132 +/- .03 kg/kg). Total weight weaned, years in the herd and weight weaned per year tended to decrease (P greater than .05) with increasing mature weight of dam, but not significantly. Positive heterosis was expressed for all lifetime cow productivity characters, with crossbred cows weaning 22% (230 +/- 57 kg) more calf weight in their lifetime. PMID- 7240041 TI - Effect of fasting on free fatty acid, glycerol and cholesterol concentrations in blood plasma and lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue of cattle. AB - Contributing factors in the regulation of triglyceride deposition in and fatty acid release from bovine adipose tissue were investigated. Six Holstein steers were fasted for 9 days and then refed for 41 days. Blood samples from the jugular vein and adipose tissue samples from backfat biopsies were taken during fasting and refeeding periods. Concentrations of plasma free fatty aids, glycerol and cholesterol and activity of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue from fasted and refed steers were measured. Plasma free fatty acid concentration increased almost eightfold during fasting. After 4 days of refeeding, free fatty acids in plasma had returned to basal concentration. Fasting had no effect on plasma cholesterol concentration; during refeeding, concentration decreased slightly and then returned to the basal concentration. Lipoprotein lipase activity decreased to 37% of the basal concentration during fasting and increased to 100% above prefasting values during refeeding. Significant changes in plasma free fatty acid and glycerol concentrations and in activity of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue during fasting and refeeding suggest that fatty acid mobilization and triglyceride uptake by adipose tissue of cattle adapt to great changes in energy intake. Correlations of measured blood metabolites in fasted and refed steers demonstrate that changes in rates of lipolysis and of triglyceride uptake by adipose tissue vary in a reciprocal manner. PMID- 7240040 TI - Relationship of serum somatomedin-like activity and fibroblast proliferative activity with age and body weight gain in sheep. AB - The relationship between serum growth factors and body weight gain was examined in five Dorset lambs. The lambs were weighed and bled by jugular puncture at 2 week intervals between 2 and 18 weeks of age. Somatomedin-like activity (Sm) declined from initially high concentrations at 2 weeks to fairly constant concentrations between 6 and 18 weeks. Relative weight gain--i.e., gain expressed as a percentage of body weight--declined in a manner similar to that of Sm. Mean relative weight gain and mean Sm for the eight 2-week intervals were significantly related (r = .84). Absolute body weight gain--i.e., gain expressed in kilograms--remained fairly constant throughout the study and was not significantly correlated to Sm (r = .15). Serum fibroblast proliferative activity (FPA) was measured as a possible indicator of collective activities of serum growth factors. FPA initially followed a pattern similar to that of Sm, decreasing between 2 and 6 weeks and plateauing until 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, FPA increased to concentrations similar to those observed at 2 weeks. The increase in FPA after 12 weeks was apparently due to an increase in a non-Sm growth factor and had no obvious relationship to body weight changes. Results of the in vitro cell assay system might have been more meaningful if cell type(s) other than WI-38 fibroblasts (e.g., myogenic cells) had been used for estimating collective activities of serum mitogenic factors. The data suggest that serum Sm like activity may be important in the regulation of growth in sheep. PMID- 7240042 TI - Additive genetic and heterosis effects in crosses among cattle breeds of British, European and Zebu origin. AB - Breed and heterosis effects for maternal and calf components for weaning traits were measured in the progeny of Angus (A), Brahman (B) and Charolais (C) sires mated to A, B, C and reciprocal AB, AC and BC dams. Additive breed effects for the calf component for weaning weight were -3.0 +/- 3.2, -26.6 +/- 3.1 and 29.6 +/- 3.3 kg for A, B and C, respectively. Corresponding maternal breed effects were -1.7 +/- 2.4, 7.8 +/- 2.3 and -6.1 +/- 2.6 kilograms. Heterosis effects on weaning weight for the calf component were 21.2 +/- 3.6 for AB, 1.4 +/- 3.7 for AC and 16.5 +/- 3.4 for BC crosses, while heterosis levels for the maternal component were 28.9 +/- 2.7 for AB, 16.5 +/- 3.2 for AC and 18.7 +/- 2.9 kg for BC dams. The corresponding estimates for condition scores tended to parallel those for weaning weight. Approximate relative production efficiency rates were computed for the different mating groups as (calf weight divided by cow weight) x weaning rate. These values were .34 for purebred matings, .36 for purebred dams raising F1 calves, .40 for F1 cows raising backcross calves and .43 for F1 dams raising three breed crossbred calves. PMID- 7240043 TI - Changes in the satellite cell population during postnatal growth of pig skeletal muscle. AB - Changes in the proportion and approximate number of muscle satellite cells were studied by electron microscopy from 1 to 64 weeks of age in the pig. Transverse sections of the white portion of the peroneus longus and sartorius muscles were examined in gilts at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 weeks of age. The percentage of fibers that contained myonuclei increased with age, while the percentage of nuclei within the basal lamina that were satellite cell nuclei gradually decreased with age. It was concluded that the ultrastructural characteristics and postnatal changes in the satellite cell population of pig skeletal muscle support previous reports for other mammalian species. However, preliminary evidence suggested that the absolute number of satellite cells increased for some time between 1 and 32 weeks of age in the areas sampled in these two muscles. PMID- 7240044 TI - Effect of breed, slaughter weight and sex on histological properties of ovine muscle. AB - Thirty-three wether and ewe lambs of two breed groups- Suffolk ram x Suffolk Rambouillet ewe (Su x R) and Suffolk ram x Finnish Landrace-Southdown ewe (Su x F x So)-and two slaughter weight groups (32 and 41 kg) were studied. Carcass studies, including histological examinations of muscle fiber types, sarcomere lengths and fat cell, were made. The longissimus (LD) muscle at the 13th rib and a sample of the semimembranosus (SM) from the upper proximal location were used. Fibers in both muscles were classified as beta R, alpha R or alpha W. Su x F x So lambs had more alpha W fibers and fewer alphaR fibers in both muscles. Breed type appeared to cause a physiological shift from alpha R to alpha W fiber types. Furthermore, beta R fibers were larger in the SM of the Su x F x So lambs than in that of the Su x R lambs. beta Red fibers in the LD, and all three types fibers in the SM, increased in size with increased weight. Wethers had fewer alpha R fibers in the SM, while ewe lambs had larger alpha R and alpha W fibers in the SM. The more phasic LD muscle had fewer beta R fibers, more alpha W fibers and smaller alpha R and alpha W fibers than the more tonic SM. Su x F x So lambs were fatter, as indicated by larger fat cells in both muscles. In addition, as slaughter weight increased, there was a concurrent increase in fat cell diameters in both muscles. Fat cells were larger in the LD than in the SM. Sarcomere lengths were not affected by breed, slaughter weight or sex. However, sarcomeres were longer in the SM than in the LD. Fat cell size and beta Red cells size for the LD were positively correlated with carcass fat indices, while shear values were negatively correlated with fat cell diameters. There was also a positive relationship between sarcomere length and fat cell size in the SM. PMID- 7240045 TI - Phosphorus in swine. I. Influence of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels and growth rate on feedlot performance of barrows, gilts and boars. PMID- 7240046 TI - Phosphorus in swine. II. Influence of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels and growth rate on serum minerals, soundness scores and bone development in barrows, gilts and boars. PMID- 7240047 TI - Phosphorus in swine. III. Influence of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels and growth rate on mineral content of hair from gilts and barrows or boars. PMID- 7240048 TI - Phosphorus in swine. IV. Influence of dietary calcium and phosphorus and protein levels on feedlot performance serum minerals, bone development and soundness scores in boars. PMID- 7240049 TI - Phosphorus in swine. V. Interrelationships of various feedlot performance, serum minerals, structural soundness and bone parameters in barrows, boars and gilts. AB - Daily gain, daily feed intake, feed per unit of gain, serum Ca, serum P, serum Mg, structural soundness scores, foot pad scores, metacarpal breaking force and metacarpal ash values from five Ca P trials with barrows, gilts or boars were subjected by sex in each trial to multivariate analysis of variance. Correlation coefficients were obtained from the residual sums of squares and sum of products; thus, coefficients were corrected for treatment effects. Individual values were used for all comparisons except those involving daily feed and feed/gain, for which pen means were used. High positive correlations were observed between daily gain and daily feed; there was no relationship between daily gain and feed/gain, but daily feed was positively correlated with feed/gain. Serum Ca levels were not highly correlated with daily gain, daily feed or feed/gain. Although all coefficients were less than .5, serum P was positively (P less than .01 or less than .05) related to daily gain. Serum Ca and serum Mg concentrations were unrelated to serum P concentrations, but serum Ca was positively correlated with serum Mg. There was no relationship between daily gain and soundness or pad scores. Although there were some inconsistencies, a positive relationship was observed between daily gain and metacarpal dried weight, and between daily gain and breaking strength. There appeared to be little, if any, relationship between daily feed and feed/gain and bone parameters. Ca, P and Mg were not consistently related to metacarpal dried weight, breaking strength or ash. Dried weight was positively correlated to breaking strength in four trials and to ash in two trials. Breaking strength was correlated to ash in only one trial. These results offer no support for the belief that stronger, denser bones produce more structurally sound animals, because soundness and pad scores were not related to bone parameters. PMID- 7240050 TI - Estriol- and estradiol-17 beta-induced luteinizing hormone release in ovariectomized cows and ewes. AB - Two studies were conducted with ovariectomized animals to compare luteinizing hormone (LH) responses during the 24-hr period following an IM injection of either estriol or estradiol-17 beta. In Exp. 1, six long-term ovariectomized (6 months) beef cows were randomly assigned to be given 1 mg of estriol or estradiol 17 beta injected in 4 ml of corn oil. Two months later, the experiment was replicated in a switch back design. In Exp. 2, eight ewes that had been ovariectomized for 1 to 4 months were randomly assigned to be given 150 micrograms of estriol or estradiol-17 beta injected in 1.5 ml of corn oil. The initial increase in serum LH concentrations occurred earlier in both cows (P less than .01) and ewes (P less than .05) in response to estriol (8 to 9 hr) than in response to estradiol 17 beta (12 to 18 hr). In addition, duration of the decrease in LH release that occurred 1 hr after estrogen injection in ewes was 3 hr shorter (P less than .05) in response to estriol than in response to estradiol 17 beta. The total area under the LH response curve was greater for both cows (P less than .05) and ewes (P less than .01) given estradiol-17 beta than for those given estriol. Administration of estradiol-17 beta induced a 10-fold increase in serum estradiol-17 beta concentrations and a two to fourfold increase in serum estrone concentrations. Both estrogens returned to basal concentrations by 24 hr after administration. Peak serum estriol exceeded 300 pg/ml within 1 hr of estriol injection, but decreased to nondetectable levels within 12 hours. We concluded that estriol can stimulate LH release from the pituitary. Furthermore, the differential LH response to the two estrogens suggests that the positive effects of estriol are mediated earlier but that estradiol-17 beta is a more potent stimulus when administered as a single IM injection. PMID- 7240052 TI - Use of spermatozoa for artificial insemination. I. Fertilizing capacity of fresh and frozen spermatozoa in sows on 36 farms. AB - A field trial was conducted on 36 farms in the Netherlands to compare the fertilizing capacity of fresh and frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa. Four-hundred and fifty-one sows were artificially inseminated with semen than that had been frozen and thawed according to the Beltsville Method or diluted in Kiev extender and inseminated on the day of collection. Twelve boars of the Dutch Landrace and Dutch Large White breeds were used. Farrowing rates, total number of pigs per litter and number of live pigs per litter were higher (P less than .0001) for sows inseminated with fresh semen than for sows inseminated with frozen-thawed semen (79.1%, 10.6 and 9.9 vs 47.0%, 7.4 and 7.1, respectively). Farrowing rates for sows inseminated with frozen-thawed semen were higher when semen from Dutch Large White boars was used than when semen from Dutch Landrace boars was used (58.6 vs 40.9%); the pattern reversed for insemination with fresh semen (76.5 vs 81%). Boar differences based on farrowing rate ranged from 62 to 92% for fresh semen and from 29 to 72% from frozen semen. There was no inseminator effect or farm effect on farrowing rate. On the basis of these results, frozen semen used for artificial insemination under practical circumstances can be expected to result in a farrowing rate about 30 percentage points lower and a litter size about three pigs smaller than does fresh semen. PMID- 7240051 TI - Central sympathetic control of uterine blood flow during acute heat stress. PMID- 7240053 TI - Effect of dietary corn starch intake on ruminal, small intestinal and large intestinal starch digestion in cattle. AB - In Exp. 1, 24 yearling Holstein steers averaging 340 kg were fed either an alfalfa hay diet at a maintenance level of metabolizable energy (ME) intake or corn silage-corn diets at one, two or three times maintenance ME intake. After a 42-day adjustment period, steers were fed individually, and digestibilities of total alpha-glucosides, starch oligosaccharides and glucose were determined at 2 week intervals, with chromic oxide used as an indicator. Steers fed the alfalfa hay diet had higher (P less than .05) total tract digestibilities of total alpha glucosides and starch than steers fed the corn diets. Fecal starch (percentage of dry matter) in steers fed the corn diets increased (P less than .05) from approximately 11 to 31% as level of ME intake increased from one to three times maintenance. Starch digestibilities for the corn diets fed at one, two and three times maintenance were 81.4, 76.4 and 76.0%, respectively. However, these trends toward reduced starch digestibilities were not significant. There appeared to be no apparent adaption of alpha-glucoside digestibility in the total digestive tract among steers fed different levels of corn over the intervals observed. In Exp. 2, four Holstein steers (350 KH) were each fitted with duodenal and ileal reentrant cannulas and fed either a low or a high level of corn. Alpha-glucoside intakes for animals given the low and high levels of cord averaged 1.7 and 3.2 kg, respectively. Steers fed the high level of corn digested more (p less than .05) alpha-glucoside in the total tract (2.9 vs 1.6 kg), reticulo-rumen (2.3 vs 1.2 kg) and large intestine level of corn. Steers fed the high level of corn also digested more corn in the small intestine (.415 vs .221 kg) than steers fed the lower level; however, differences were not significant. Although there were trends toward lower partial digestion coefficients (expressed as a percentage of alpha-glucoside presented to that segment) in the total tract, reticulo-rumen and small intestine for steers fed the high corn diet, the magnitude of the differences was not significant. PMID- 7240054 TI - Linear models for calculating digestibile energy for sheep diets. AB - Equations for estimating the digestible energy (DE) content of sheep diets were generated from the chemical contents and a factorial description of diets fed to lambs in digestion trials. The diet factors were two forages (alfalfa and grass hay), harvested at three stages of maturity (late vegetative, early bloom and full bloom), fed in two ingredient combinations (all hay or a 50:50 hay and corn grain mixture) and prepared by two forage texture processes (coarsely chopped or finely chopped and pelleted). The 2 x 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement produced 24 diet treatments. These were replicated twice, for a total of 48 lamb digestion trials. In model 1 regression equations, DE was calculated directly from chemical composition of the diet. In model 2, regression equations predicted the percentage of digested nutrient from the chemical contents of the diet and then DE of the diet was calculated as the sum of the gross energy of the digested organic components. Expanded forms of model 1 and model 2 were also developed that included diet factors as qualitative indicator variables to adjust the regression constant and regression coefficients for the diet description. The expanded forms of the equations accounted for significantly more variation in DE than did the simple models and more accurately estimated DE of the diet. Information provided by the diet description proved as useful as chemical analyses for the prediction of digestibility of nutrients. The statistics indicate that, with model 1, neutral detergent fiber and plant cell wall analyses provided as much information for the estimation of DE as did model 2 with the combined information from crude protein, available carbohydrate, total lipid, cellulose and hemicellulose. Regression equations are presented for estimating DE with the most currently analyzed organic components, including linear and curvilinear variables and diet factors that significantly reduce the standard error of the estimate. To estimate De of a diet, the user utilizes the equation that uses the chemical analysis information and diet description most effectively. PMID- 7240055 TI - The efficacy of an estradiol-silicone rubber removable implant in suckling, growing and finishing steers. AB - Sixty steer calves, 42 Simmental x Hereford and 18 Hereford, averaging 59 days of age and 78 kg, were assigned to six estradiol-17 beta implant treatments. Implants were cut from cylindrical formed tubes containing a mix of 80% nonpolymerized silicone and 20% microcrystalline estradiol-17 beta by weight and cut into lengths that provided 0, 8.5, 15.6, 30.7, 30.9 and 46.7 micrograms estradiol- 17 beta/day over a 499-day trial period. Two types, a coated and solid implant, were tested at the 31-microgram level; all others were coated with a solid placebo used for the 0-microgram or control treatment. Animal performance was recorded through the suckling, growing and finishing phases of production, and carcass data were collected. Cumulative gains over the 499 days were greater (P less than .05) for the steers given 30.9- and 46.7-micrograms levels than for those given 0-, 8.5- and 15.6-microgram levels, with respective daily gains being .97 and .97 vs .90, .90 and .89 kg; steers given the implant delivering 30.7 micrograms daily tended to gain more (P less than .10) than the controls: .95 vs. 90 kilograms. These values represent a 6% increase in gain over the control with the 30.7-kg coated implant and an 8% increase with the 30.9-microgram solid and 46.7-microgram coated implants. Implants did not improve feed efficiency during a 65-day feedlot period. Neither the amount of estradiol-17 beta nor the type of implant significantly influenced any carcass parameters except maturity. As the dose rate increased, the degree of carcass maturity increased. Type of implant did not affect gain during any period or any of the carcass measures. Results of this study indicate that a single implant of estradiol-17 beta delivering approximately 30.7 micrograms/day will improve weight gains over a long period of time and increase carcass maturity grade of steers. PMID- 7240056 TI - Millet and alfalfa hays alone and in combination with high-energy diet for receiving stressed calves. AB - Calves subjected to stresses of weaning, marketing, shipping and processing ate more feed, gained more weight and gained more efficiently when fed a 75% concentrate receiving diet, alone or with free choice hay, than when fed hay alone (P less than .01). Diets with greater bulk or lower energy densities did not promote higher feed intake in these stressed calves, as would be the case in unstressed animals. No differences due to receiving diets were observed in number of calves treated, days treated per sick calf, death loss or relapses. There was a trend (P less than .1) for calves on hay diets to have fewer total sick days than those fed a 75% concentrate diet alone or with free choice hay. Feed intake, weight gains and conversion of feed to gain for calves on alfalfa hay alone were superior (P less than .05) to the corresponding measures for calves on millet hay alone. Both hays fed alone were inferior (P less than .01) to a 75% concentrate diet alone or in combination with either hay in promoting weight gains and conversion of feed to gain. Gastrointestinal tract fill estimated from apparent and predicted gains amounted to 93 and 76% of apparent gains for calves fed millet or alfalfa hay respectively, but only 58% or less for those fed diets containing the 75% concentrate milled feed. Growing lambs were in negative N balance when fed millet hay alone but retained approximately 15% of N intake when fed diets containing the 75% concentrate milled feed. N retention on alfalfa hay alone was intermediate. The data indicate net tissue growth in calves fed millet hay alone is near zero during a 28-day receiving period. No differences were noted between calves receiving grubicide as a dip and those given grubicide as a pour on. PMID- 7240057 TI - Weaning trait comparisons among inbred lines and selected noninbred and randomly bred control groups of Rambouillet, Targhee and Columbia sheep. AB - A program of inbreeding with concurrent selection was followed in the development of 26 Rambouiller, 20 Targhee and 10 Columbia inbred lines for subsequent linecross and topcross performance evaluation. Inbreeding coefficients averaged 30.4, 28.5 and 29.8% for the three breeds, respectively, at the end of the study. Selected noninbred control and unselected randomly bred control groups were maintained for each breed. Weaning trait data were evaluated for 1,332 Rambouillet, 1,557 Targhee and 1,049 Columbia inbred line and control group lambs during the final 2 years of inbreeding. Results showed a slight response to selection within inbred lines for the more highly heritable traits and some degree of genetic divergence among lines at the current levels of inbreeding. In general, the traits most sensitive to inbreeding depression were those more closely associated with fitness and those of low to moderate heritability. Even though a fairly large number of lines was developed, only a few inbred lines were superior (P less than .05) to their respective selected control groups - and usually for only one trait. Significantly, not a single Rambouillet, Targhee or Columbia inbred line was superior (P less than .05) in overall merit to its appropriate selected control group. Unselected control group means tended to be slightly superior to means for most inbred lines for traits of low heritability (weaning weight, body type and body condition) and inferior for more highly heritable traits (staple length, face cover, and neck folds). Notably, only six of a total of 56 inbred lines were superior (P less than .05) in overall merit to their appropriate unselected control groups. PMID- 7240058 TI - Productivity of purebred and crossbred finnsheep. II. Lamb weights and production indices of ewes. AB - Birth and weaning weights were studied for purebred Finnsheep, Suffolk, Targhee and Minnesota 100; F1 Finnsheep crosses; F2: and standard breed and Finnsheep backcrosses. Finnsheep lambs were the smallest of all lambs at birth, but ranked second among purebreds in 70-day weaning weight (Suffolks, 21.0 kg vs Finnsheep, 17.6 kg). Ewe body weight, grease fleece production and total adjusted weight of weaned lamb were compared among purebreds and crossbreds. The Finnsheep was the smallest pure breed, yielded the lightest fleeces, but produced the heaviest total weight of weaned lamb. The F1 ewes were all heavier and produced more wool than the midparent mean of their respective breeds. They also produced markedly more weaned lamb than did the parental standard breeds. Body weight, wool and lamb production were all lower in the F2 than in the F1 groups. Ewe index was calculated as the total adjusted (male, 70-day equivalent) weight of weaned lamb plus three times the grease fleece weight. The ranking of purebreds was Finnsheep, Targhee, Suffolk and Minnesota 100. Average ewe index values for F1 ewes were greater than those for respective parental and standard breeds. F2 and standard breed backcross ewes had lower index values than did F1 or Finnsheep backcross ewes. Ewe index per unit of ewe body weight was also evaluated. Finnsheep ranked highest, followed by the 3/4 Finnsheep. The Targhee was the best of the standard breeds for this index. PMID- 7240059 TI - Selective memory for social information, alertness, and physiological arousal in the detection of deception. PMID- 7240061 TI - Hindsight bias among physicians weighing the likelihood of diagnoses. PMID- 7240060 TI - Biographical, physiological, and personality variables as predictors of performance under sickness-inducing motion. PMID- 7240062 TI - Colorimetric determination of disulfiram in tablets: collaborative study. AB - The colorimetric reaction of cuprous iodide and disulfiram has been collaboratively studied in 8 laboratories to determine the drug in tablet form at 2 dosage levels. The disulfiram was extracted from the tablet matrix with methylene chloride. After a basic wash with 1 M NaOH, an aliquot of the methylene chloride solution was reacted with solid cuprous iodide, and the absorbance of the resulting color was measured. Single assays on 2 synthetic preparations of known disulfiram content were performed with average recoveries of 98.4 and 99.2% for 93.3 and 105.3 mg, respectively. Duplicate determinations on 2 commercial tablet preparations declared at 250 and 500 mg gave mean and standard deviation values of 246.6 +/- 6.40 and 493.6 +/- 12.0 mg, respectively. The results agreed closely with those obtained by the author using the NF iodometric titration procedure. The method has been adopted official first action. PMID- 7240063 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of chloramphenicol and its esters in complex drug mixtures. AB - When aromatic nitro compounds are reduced with zinc and calcium chloride and reacted with trisodium pentacyanoaminoferrate they give a purple product having an absorbance maximum between 480 and 540 nm. Applying this reaction, a quantitative method has been developed for the determination of chloramphenicol and its esters. Various reaction conditions have been standardized. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 4 to 32 micrograms/mL reaction mixture. Average recoveries and standard deviations were 99.78 +/- 0.627 and 99.90 +/- 0.660; 101.06 +/- 0.702; and 99.90 +/- 0.880% for chloramphenicol, chloramphenicol sodium succinate, and chloramphenicol palmitate, respectively. The method has also been applied to determine chloramphenicol and its esters as well as chloramphenical in the presence of combination drugs in dosage forms. The presence of benzocaine, lignocaine, sulfadiazine, nitrofurantoin, ascorbic acid, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, streptomycin, and tetracycline does not interfere with the proposed spectrophotometric procedure. The method does not require prior separation of chloramphenicol from combination drugs. PMID- 7240064 TI - Particle size and concentration adjustments of tomato products for Howard mold count. AB - The present AOAC method for mold counts of tomato products (44.096) provides no inter-product standardization of concentration among juice, sauce, paste, puree, and catsup; no intra-product standardization of concentration for juice, sauce, and catsup; and no adjustment for degree of comminution. Use of the official method, therefore, could result in an artificially increased mold count for products which have undergone extreme comminution. A new method was developed to adjust all products to the same concentration and grind them to a uniform particle size, thereby ensuring comparable mold counts on products produced by different processes. Collaborative study results showed equal repeatability for both the official and the proposed methods and a lower coefficient of variation for the proposed method. PMID- 7240065 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic method for indole in shrimp: development of method and collaborative study. AB - A collaborative study on the determination of indole in shrimp was conducted in which a high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method and a spectrofluorometric method were compared with the AOAC gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method (18.075-18.078, 13th ed.). In the HPLC method, 10 g shrimp was blended with methanol, an internal standard was added, and the extract was filtered. Indole was separated on an octadecylsilane reverse phase column, using 60% MeOH-H2O, and quantitated with a fluorescence detector (excitation 280 nm, emission 330 nm) by comparing the indole peak height with that of an internal standard, 2-methyl-indole. Recoveries at a 25 micrograms/100 g level averaged 104% with a range of 90-127%, and at a level of 35 micrograms/100 g averaged 102% with a range of 93-112%. In the spectrofluorometric method, 25 g shrimp was extracted with 2% EtOAc-hexane. After several washes, indole was partitioned into a saturated NaCl-MeOH solution and its fluorescence was measured (excitation 280 nm, emission 332 nm). Recoveries at a 25 micrograms/100 g level averaged 93% with a range of 0-255% and at a level of 35 micrograms/100 g averaged 64% with a range of 0-107%. Recoveries obtained by the AOAC-GLC method at a level of 25 micrograms/100 g averaged 96% with a range of 81-116% and at a level of 35 micrograms/100 g averaged 101% with a range of 81-119%. The coefficients of variation were 20, 10, and 64% at a 25 micrograms/100 g level for the GLC method, the HPLC method, and the spectrofluorometric method, respectively. The HPLC method was adopted as official first action for indole levels in shrimp exceeding 1 microgram/100 g. PMID- 7240066 TI - Ultraviolet detection procedure for liquid chromatographic determination of indole in shrimp. AB - In an ultraviolet detection procedure, indole was extracted from shrimp by blending with carbonate buffer and then partitioned into ethyl acetate. Before quantitation by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), interferences were removed by the use of a polyamide cleanup column. Concentrated column effluent was injected into the chromatograph. Indole was detected by monitoring absorbance at 217 nm and quantitated by comparison of indole peak height to that of an internal standard, 2-methylindole. Recoveries of indole ranged from 72 to 117%. Results agreed well with those by the official AOAC gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method. PMID- 7240067 TI - Manual and semiautomated spectrophotometric determination of vitamin K3 by reactions wih piperidine and malononitrile. AB - Simple, rapid, selective, and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are described for manual and semiautomated determination of vitamin K3. These methods are based on reactions with piperidine and malononitrile whereby intense red and blue colors with maximum absorption at 510 nm (E(1%) 1 cm 150) and 580 nm (E(1%) 1 cm 155), respectively, are developed. The reactions are sensitive enough to permit the determination of 2-100 micrograms vitamin K3/mL with an average recovery of 98% and a standard deviation of 1%. There is no interference from vitamin K1 and K2, and the reduced forms of K vitamins, or from many common pharmaceutical diluents and additives. PMID- 7240069 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic method for determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in beer. AB - A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the determination of some polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in beer. The PAHs are extracted into isooctane from a beer sample to which sodium hydroxide, ethanol, and acetone have been added. The isooctane extract is washed with acid and then base, and is purified by chromatography through deactivated neutral alumina. The eluate from the column is concentrated to dryness and the resulting residue is dissolved in methanol-acetonitrile (1 + 1) and subjected to reverse phase HPLC analysis. Both ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence detectors are used to monitor the HPLC column effluent. Recovery of 4 PAHs, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, and dibenzo(a,i)pyrene, ranged from 77 to 108% by UV measurement and 73 to 97% by fluorescence measurement. PMID- 7240068 TI - Comparison of manual and benzenesulfonyl chloride-semiautomated thiochrome methods for determination of thiamine in foods. AB - A semiautomated procedure was used to measure the fluorescence of sample extracts before and after the addition of benzenesulfonyl chloride (BSC). Addition of BSC inhibited thiochrome formation and provided a more representative blank based on the fluorescence of all the reactants except thiochrome. Thiamine standard was added to each sample extract so that thiamine concentration could be calculated after correcting for sample matrix effects on thiochrome fluorescence. Twenty food products were analyzed using this method, and the results were compared with those obtained using the manual AOAC method. The mean percent recoveries and standard deviations were 100.2 +/- 5.3 and 101.1 +/- 10.1 for the BSC semiautomated and the AOAC manual methods, respectively. Replicate analyses using the BSC method gave an average coefficient of variation of 2.8%. Linear regression analysis showed that the BSC method gave higher values, with a mean increase of 14.8%, than those obtained using the manual method. Sixty-four percent of this difference was due to elimination of the column purification step and 36% was due to correcting for sample matrix effects on thiochrome and blank fluorescence. The BSC method provides a rapid, accurate, and reproducible method for thiamine assay in different food products, especially for those foods with low thiamine levels. PMID- 7240070 TI - Gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric determination of volatile organic compounds in fish. AB - A technique has been developed for the determination of volatile organic compounds in fish. The methodology is based on procedures used to determine purgeable organic compounds in water and wastewater. Fish tissue is added to reagent water, cooled in an ice bath, and homogenized with cell disruption using ultrasonic energy. The processed sample is then analyzed by a purge and trap procedure using an impinger-type device at 70 degrees C, with determination of the purged compounds by computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both ground fish and cored fish specimens were successfully analyzed by this technique. The overall average recovery for 39 volatile compounds studied was 77% with an average standard deviation of 20%. PMID- 7240071 TI - Sampling procedure and determination of lead in canned foods. AB - A method is presented for improving within-can homogeneity and simplifying the determination of lead in canned foods. The entire content of a canned food product is blended with 2N HNO3 and allowed to stand 16 h; then the sample is again blended and a subsample is taken. The subsample is digested by wet ashing using nitric acid-perchloric acid or nitric acid-sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide. The pH of the sample is adjusted with ammonium hydroxide, and the lead is extracted into butyl acetate as the pyrrolidinecarbodithioate complex. Lead concentration is determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Recoveries of lead ranged from 92 to 104% for added 100-mesh lead particulate. Within-sample variability for green beans was reduced from 37% obtained with blending alone to 3.7% using the proposed procedure at the 3.1 micrograms/g added lead level. Variability was 7.6% at the 0.68 microgram/g level and 16.4% at the 0.20 microgram/g level of added lead. The use of nitric acid-sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide for digestion has the advantage of not forming a precipitate during the neutralization step, as occurs when nitric acid-perchloric acid is used for dissolution. PMID- 7240072 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of melengestrol acetate in dry feed supplements. AB - A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the quantitative determination of melengestrol acetate (MGA) in dry animal feed supplements containing 0.000027-0.000220% MGA (0.125-1.00 mg/lb). Ground feed is Soxhlet-extracted with hexane, and the extract is partitioned from hexane into aqueous methanol and then into methylene chloride, followed by mixed column chromatography. MGA is then quantitated by HPLC. Average recovery of standard MGA through the method at 1.00 ppm (0.454 mg/lb) was 94.8% with a 3.58% standard deviation. Average spike recovery of MGA in fortified feed at 0.100 ppm (0.0454 mg/lb) to 2.00 ppm (0.907 mg/lb) level was 97.8% with a standard deviation of 5.39%. In addition, the method includes a 2-dimensional thin layer chromatographic confirmatory test for MGA. PMID- 7240073 TI - Minicolumn detection methods for aflatoxin in raw peanuts: collaborative study. AB - The Holaday-Velasco method and a modified Holaday method have been compared. The former method combines the speed and simplicity of the Holaday extraction and cleanup with the sensitivity of the minicolumn originally described by Velasco. The combination method has been approved by the AOAC and the AACC for determining aflatoxin in corn. The Holaday method was modified by substituting toluene for benzene in the solvent partition, and methylene chloride for chloroform in the minicolumn development to eliminate use of hazardous solvents. The neutral alumina in the Holaday minicolumn was changed from activity V to activity III to provide a more stable column. At aflatoxin levels in raw peanuts of 13-20 ng/g, the presence of aflatoxin was missed by the modified Holaday method in 4 analyses (3 laboratories) of 42 reported. There were no misses in this contamination range by the Holaday-Velasco method. There were no misses by either method with samples containing greater than 20 ng total aflatoxins/g. Analysis of uncontaminated raw peanuts by the modified Holaday method resulted in 2 false positives of 14 reports; the Holaday-Velasco method produced no false positive reports from 15 analyses of uncontaminated peanuts. The Holaday-Velasco method was adopted official first action for peanuts. PMID- 7240074 TI - Radioimmunoassay of T-2 toxin in biological fluids. AB - A simple radioimmunoassay (RIA) for detection of T-2 toxin in biological fluids was developed. The method, which involves a Sep-Pak C18 reverse phase column cleanup step before RIA, can detect 0.5 ppb T-2 toxin in serum and 2.5 ppb T-2 toxin in urine and milk. Recoveries for toxin added to serum and urine or milk samples were 87-106% in the 0.5-20 ppb range and 88-117% in the 2.5-20ppb range, respectively. If samples were not cleaned up, false positive results prevented positive detection at concentration less than 2.5 ppb in urine and milk. PMID- 7240075 TI - Near-infrared reflectance determination of fat, protein, and moisture in fresh meat. AB - Near-infrared spectral absorption properties were determined for emulsified and ground meat samples. Six corrected log numbers associated with the optical responses of 6 filters in the InfraAlyzer were used as multiple independent variables in regression equations. Dependent variables for the equations were moisture, determined by oven-drying; fat, determined by Goldfisch extraction; and protein, determined by the Kjeldahl method. InfraAlyzer log values, replicated 4 times on each emulsified beef sample and 3 times on each ground lamb sample, increased as the samples were warmed from the heat generated in the sample drawer. Variation in temperature of the meat samples were partially responsible for differences in constant terms and in regression coefficients for equations developed on data from different replications of a sample. Multiple correlation coefficients for fat ranged from 0.91 to 0.94 in emulsified meat and from 0.83 to 0.85 in ground meat; for moisture, 0.90-0.94 and 0.83-0.85, respectively; and for protein, 0.80-0.85 and 0.72-0.77, respectively. Overall, near-infrared reflectance shows promise as a rapid method for determining composition of meat. Nevertheless, some aspects of near-infrared reflectance require further attention. PMID- 7240076 TI - Fourth interlaboratory study of methods for determining total migration of plastic materials in liquids simulating fatty foodstuffs. AB - Results are reported for the fourth interlaboratory study organized by the Commission of the European Communities for the adoption of an official method for determining the total migration of plastic materials in liquids simulating fatty foodstuffs. In each method, a sample of plastic material was weighed before and after it was placed in contact with fatty simulants. The fat absorbed by the sample, extracted or dissolved by suitable solvents, was determined by gas chromatography or radiometry. The results obtained confirm the conclusions given previously. Each method was moderately satisfactory, but less so between laboratories. PMID- 7240077 TI - Modified Storherr method for determination of organophosphorus pesticides in nonfatty food Total Diet composites. AB - The method for Storherr et al. for organophosphorus pesticide residues in nonfatty foods has been modified to permit its use in analyzing the composites of nonfatty foods in the Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Program. Modifications were designed to permit the examination by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) of the larger weight (100 mg) of sample equivalent required by the Total Diet Program. To achieve a limit of quantitation of 2 ppb parathion, the organophosphorus pesticides are determined by GLC equipped with flame photometric detector (P-mode) and/or KCL thermionic detector. Recovery data, ranging from 70 to 133%, are presented for fortification (2-10 ppb) of organophosphorus pesticides in 7 nonfatty food Total Diet composites. The modified Storherr method was successfully tested in an intralaboratory method trial of 2 Total Diet composites (potatoes and legumes) fortified at 5-13 ppb with malathion, parathion, paraoxon, and monocrotophos. In addition, the modified Storherr method was compared to existing FDA Total Diet methodology for the determination of incurred organophosphorus residues. Residue levels found by both methods were similar for malathion (30 ppb), parathion (7 ppb), and diazinon (1 ppb), but only the modified Storherr method was capable of determining about 10 ppb dimethoate and phorate in the cereals and grains composite. PMID- 7240078 TI - Gel permeation system for removal of fats during analysis of foods for residues of pesticides and herbicides. AB - A gel permeation chromatography system has been developed for the rapid cleanup of fatty foods in the analysis for pesticide residues. The narrow elution bands of fats and pesticides coupled with the ease of evaporating the eluting solvent makes this system efficient because of the savings in time and solvents. This system allows a wide range of compounds including organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, industrial chemicals, herbicides, carbamates, and drugs to elute in the cleaned-up fraction. PMID- 7240079 TI - High pressure chromatography determination of aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, and aldicarb sulfone in potatoes. AB - An ion-suppression reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, and aldicarb sulfone in potatoes. Samples are extracted with methylene chloride and Na2SO4, evaporated to dryness, and cleaned up using Sep-Pak silica and Sep-Pak-C18 cartridges. The extract can be successfully analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography on either a mu LiChrosorb RP-18 or mu Bondapak C18 column and quantitated using a variable wavelength ultraviolet detector set at either 220 or 247 nm. The mobile phase is acetonitrile-buffer (4 + 96) and (30 + 70), buffered to pH 7.6 and flowing at 2 mL/min. Recoveries ranged from 80 to 100%. The minimum detectable amount was 37.5 ng, which easily permitted the quantitation of 0.1 ppm aldicarb sulfone in 75 g sample. The recovery of aldicarb was low because of its rapid enzymatic oxidation to aldicarb sulfoxide and sulfone. PMID- 7240080 TI - Brine saturation technique for extraction of light filth from rubbed and ground sage: intralaboratory study. AB - An intralaboratory study was made of a new and widely applicable technique for isolating light filth from rubbed and ground sage. The technique eliminated the hazardous, costly, and lengthy pretreatment and isolation procedures of the current methodology and resulted in considerably better recoveries. Overall recovery of all filth elements introduced as spikes was 99.3% on the first trapping. The basic principle of the procedure is product saturation with brine, followed by trapping of the filth elements from tap water with oliver oil. PMID- 7240081 TI - Atopic dermatitis, asthma and eye changes in children. PMID- 7240083 TI - Adenylate energy charge in Acholeplasma laidlawii. AB - Adenosine 5'-triphosphate, adenosine 5'-diphosphate, and adenosine 5' monophosphate were produced by Acholeplasma laidlawii B-PG9 growing in modified Edward medium. The adenylate energy charge was calculated to be 0.84 +/- 0.07 and ranged from 0.91 to 0.78 during exponential growth (12 to 24 h). During exponential growth, A. laidlawii contained, at 17.5 h, 2.3 X 10(-17) mol of adenosine 5'-triphosphate per colony-forming unit and, at 16 h, 27.3 nmol of adenosine 5'-triphosphate per mg (dry weight). The medium supported a doubling time of 0.95 h. The molar growth yields (Yglucose = grams [dry weight] per mole of glucose used) were 40.2 +/- 3.4 (16 h) and 57.1 +/- 9.7 (20 h) during midexponential growth. A maximum yield of 8.3 X 10(9) colony-forming units was reached at 24 h, when 56% of the initial concentration of glucose had been used. At 40 h, during the stationary phase, 14.95 +/- 3.75 mumol of glucose per ml of medium had been used. At this time, the culture fluids contained 21.86 +/0 mumol of lactate per ml and 3.14 +/- 0.13 mumol of pyruvate per ml. PMID- 7240084 TI - Nutritionally variant streptococci from patients with endocarditis: growth parameters in a semisynthetic medium and demonstration of a chromophore. AB - Nutritionally variant streptococci have been characterized in the past by their growth as satellite colonies and by their nutrient requirements of cysteine or vitamin B6 for growth in complex media. To further understand the growth characteristics of these strains, we studied fresh isolates from patients with endocarditis by using chemically defined medium enriched with 2% Todd-Hewitt dialysate. Under anaerobic conditions, growth yields of the strains in this medium were comparable to those obtained from a complex medium supplemented with vitamin B6, whereas under aerobic conditions, most of the strains had higher growth yields in the semisynthetic medium. Furthermore, the requirement for cysteine and vitamin B6 in the semisynthetic medium was no greater than that of other Streptococcus species. Electron microscopic studies demonstrated normal cell wall structures in organisms grown in the semisynthetic medium as compared with abnormal and irregular cell wall thickening in organisms grown in supplemented complex medium. Finally, these strains appeared to contain a common component when grown in the semisynthetic medium as demonstrated by the appearance of a chromophore after boiling the bacteria at pH 2. Therefore, the demonstration of a medium which permits adequate growth with a normal ultrastructure of nutritionally variant streptococci will permit the further study of this group of important streptococci. PMID- 7240085 TI - Fractionation studies of the enzyme complex involved in teichoic acid synthesis. AB - The membrane-bound enzymes participating in the syntheses of the teichoic acid main chain and linkage unit have been solubilized with Triton X-100 and fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Two main fractions were obtained: a heavy fraction, containing enzymes effecting synthesis of the main chain attached to the linkage unit, which was associated with only a small amount of lipid, and a light fraction which was rich in prenyl phosphate and catalyzed only linkage-unit synthesis. The separation by density was not based entirely on polypeptide chain length, as some of the shortest chains appeared in the denser fractions and some relatively high-molecular-weight peptides occurred in the lightest fraction. High activity for linkage-unit synthesis was observed in a fraction containing only a few peptides. Addition of ficaprenyl phosphate to the enzyme preparations had no stimulatory effect. It is concluded that the enzymes for main-chain and linkage unit syntheses frm one or more fairly tightly associated complexes and that polyprenyl phosphate is an integral firmly bound component of the complex in which the linkage unit is synthesized. PMID- 7240082 TI - Luciferase inactivation in the luminous marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi. AB - Luciferase was rapidly inactivated in stationary-phase cultures of the wild type of the luminous marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi, but was stable in stationary phase cultures of mutants of V. harveyi that are nonluminous without exogenous aldehyde, termed the aldehyde-deficient mutants. The inactivation in the wild type was halted by cell lysis and was slowed or stopped by O2 deprivation or by addition of KCN and NaF or of chloramphenicol. If KCN and NaF or chloramphenicol were added to a culture before the onset of luciferase inactivation, then luciferase inactivation did not occur. However, if these inhibitors were added after the onset of luciferase inactivation, then luciferase inactivation continued for about 2 to 3 h before the inactivation process stopped. The onset of luciferase inactivation in early stationary-phase cultures of wild-type cell coincided with a slight drop in the intracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) level from a relatively constant log-phase value of 20 pmol of ATP per microgram of soluble cell protein. Addition of KCN and NaF to a culture shortly after this drop in ATP caused a rapid decrease in the ATP level to about 4 pmol of ATP per microgram whereas chloramphenicol added at this same time caused a transient increase in ATP level to about 25 pmol/microgram. The aldehyde-deficient mutant (M17) showed a relatively constant log-phase ATP level identical with that of the wild-type cells, but rather than decreasing in early stationary phase, the ATP level increased to a value twice that in log-phase cells. We suggest that the inactivation of luciferase is dependent on the synthesis of some factor which is produced during stationary phase and is itself unstable, and whose synthesis is blocked by chloramphenicol or cyanide plus fluoride. PMID- 7240087 TI - Respiration-associated components of Mollicutes. AB - No cytochrome pigments were detected by difference (reduced minus oxidized) spectroscopy at liquid nitrogen temperature in whole-cell preparations or membrane fractions of Acholeplasma axanthum S273, Acholeplasma equifetale N93, Acholeplasma granularum BTS39, Acholeplasma laidlawii B-PG9, Acholeplasma modicum PG-49, Acholeplasma oculi 19L, Mycoplasma arginini G230, Mycoplasma arthritidis 07, Mycoplasma pneumoniae FH, and Mycoplasma pulmonis JB. All ten Mollicutes species examined contained iron of unknown function (3.0 to 15.3 nmol of iron per mg of protein). Relatively small amounts of acid-labile sulfide were found in all fractions (0.10 to 1.07 nmol of acid-labile sulfide per mg of protein). The data suggest that, as Mollicutes lack cytochrome pigments, they would synthesize most if not all adenosine triphosphate at the substrate level. PMID- 7240086 TI - Effect of long generation times on growth of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in carbohydrate-induced continuous culture. AB - We investigated the ability of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, an obligate anaerobe from human colonic microflora, to grow in a carbohydrate-limited continuous culture at generation times ranging from 3.5 to 28 h per division. Four carbohydrates were tested: glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, glucuronic acid, and glucosamine. At a generation time of 3.5 h per division, the growth yields for bacteria growing on glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, and glucuronic acid were 76, 68, and 50 g of cells (dry weight) per mol of substrate, respectively. Growth yields at 28 h per division were 61, 52, and 37 g/mol of substrate, respectively. When glucosamine was the carbohydrate source, a stable population of bacteria was attainable only at generation times longer than 12 h per division. Growth yields at 15 and 32 h per division were 11 and 33 g/mol of substrate, respectively. There was no significant variation with increasing generation times in the specific activities of selected glycolytic enzymes, of disaccharidases such as alpha- and beta-glucosidases and alpha- and beta-galactosidases, or of the polysaccharidase chondroitin sulfate lyase. By contrast, the pattern of fermentation products varied with both the generation time and the carbon source. At a generation time of 3.5 h per division, the main products from the fermentation of glucose were acetate and succinate, with a trace of propionate. At 28 h per division, propionate concentrations were higher and succinate concentrations were lower than at 3.5 h per division. The products from the fermentation of glucosamine were the same as those from glucose fermentation. However, when N-acetylglucosamine was fermented, the concentration of acetate was much higher at all generation times than when glucose was the carbon source. When glucuronic acid was the carbon source, acetate was the main fermentation product, and only traces of propionate and succinate were detected. Another characteristic that varied with the growth rate was the ability of B. thetaiotaomicron to produce the inducible enzyme alpha-glucosidase when exposed to maltose. The ability of the organism to produce this enzyme declined with increasing generation times. PMID- 7240088 TI - Selective enrichment of Pseudomonas spp. defective in catabolism after exposure to halogenated substrates. AB - Significant selective enrichments of mutants defective in catabolic pathways can be achieved by exposure of pseudomonad cells to halogenated analogs of growth substrates. Between 3 and 95% of viable clones rescued from such enrichments have been defective in specific catabolic pathways. This has been demonstrated for eight different catabolic pathways for aromatic compounds in pseudomonads, in which the genes are located on plasmids or on the chromosome. The plasmid-encoded pathways studied include those for the catabolism of p-cymene (CYM), m- and p xylenes (TOL), naphthalene (NAH), salicylate (SAL), and 4-methylphthalate (MOP), and the chromosome-encoded pathways include those for p-hydroxybenzoate, monohydric phenols, and p-anisate utilization. The recalcitrance of halogenated compounds may, in part, be explained by these observations, which introduce an as yet not widely recognized factor in assessment of biodegradability of halogenated compounds and their effects on the transformation of the natural substrates. PMID- 7240089 TI - Changes in the rate of chitin-plus-chitosan synthesis accompany morphogenesis of Mucor racemosus. AB - The in vivo differential rates of chitin-plus-chitosan biosynthesis in Mucor racemosus were determined under a variety of conditions, leading to yeast cell or mycelial morphology. Chitin-chitosan was determined as hot NaOH-insoluble radioactivity derived from N-acetyl-D-[1-3H]glucosamine in the medium. Control experiments demonstrated that the labeled material possessed the properties of chitin-plus-chitosan. Our results indicate that Mucor yeasts have a relatively low differential rate of chitin-plus-chitosan synthesis and that mycelial cells have a threefold-elevated differential rate. Treatment of aerobic cells with exogenous N6, O2-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, an agent which induces yeast cell morphology, also results in a lowered rate of chitin-plus chitosan synthesis. Control experiments eliminated the possibility that the observed rate changes were due to changes in endogenous pool size, uptake of exogenous N-acetyl-p-[1-3H]glucosamine, or alterations in growth rate. Therefore, the changes are seemingly linked to morphogenesis. These results strengthen the idea that cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate plays an important role in dimorphism in Mucor. In addition, pulse-chase experiments suggest that considerable modification of newly synthesized chitin plus chitosan in both yeast cells and mycelia occurs in vivo. PMID- 7240090 TI - Isolation and characterization of spontaneously occurring TOL plasmid mutants of Pseudomonas putida HS1. AB - A strain of Pseudomonas (P. putida HS1) was found to resemble P. putida (arvilla) mt-2 in its ability to degrade toluene, m- and p-xylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (pseudocumene), and 3-ethyltoluene via oxidation of a methyl substituent and reactions of the meta-fission pathway. The ability to degrade these substrates by P. putida HS1 (PpC1) was shown to be encoded by a TOL (pDK1) plasmid as evidenced by: (i) spontaneous loss of the TOL-related phenotype after growth with benzoate, (ii) transfer of the TOL character from the wild type into cured recipients by conjugation, and (iii) isolation of a plasmid of identical molecular weight (120 X 10(6)) from both the wild type and an exconjugant obtained by mating wild type with a putative cured recipient. In addition to the isolation of apparent cured strains having lost the entire TOL-related phenotype, two additional mutant classes were observed after growth on benzoate. One class, represented by PpCT1, was unable to utilize the alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds but retained the ability to grow with toluene and benzyl alcohol. Analysis of PpCT1 revealed that it was unable to synthesize the TOL-encoded toluate oxidase and enzymes of the meta pathway but retained the ability to elaborate activities for toluene hydroxylase, benzyl alcohol, and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase, thereby mediating initial oxidation of toluene to benzoate, which was then further metabolized via enzymes of the chromosomally encoded ortho-fission pathway. A second class of mutants had lost the ability to utilize the hydrocarbons but could still grow with m-toluate but not p-toluate, 3,4-dimethylbenzoate, or 3-ethylbenzoate, intermediates in the oxidation of the corresponding hydrocarbons. Our such mutant, PpCM1, could no longer synthesize enzymes required for initial oxidation of the hydrocarbons, but was able to produce the toluate oxidase and enzymes of the meta pathway, thereby facilitating degradation of m-toluate. Neither PpCT1, PpCM1, nor a putative cured strain, PpCC1, reverted at detectable frequencies (less than 10(-9). Analysis of each strain for plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid revealed the presence of a single plasmid in each strain with the following molecular weights: PpCM1, 100 X 10(6) (pDKM1); PpCT1, 80 X 10(6) (pDKT1); PpCC1 20 X 10(6) (pDKC1). The results suggest that the TOL (pDK1) plasmid has undergone deletions giving rise to smaller replicons which either encode for only a fraction of the wild-type catabolic functions (pDKM1, pDKT1) or have lost all catabolic activities (pDKC1). PMID- 7240091 TI - Use of reduced sulfur compounds by Beggiatoa sp. AB - A strain of Beggiatoa cf. leptomitiformis (OH-75-B, clone 2a) was isolated which is unique among reported strains in its ability to deposit internal sulfur granules from thiosulfate. It also deposited these characteristic granules (as all BEggiatoa species do) from sulfide. In cultures where growth was limited by exhaustion of organic substrates, these granules generally comprised about 20% of the total cell weight. With medium containing acetate and thiosulfate, no measurable utilization of thiosulfate or deposition of elemental sulfur (S0) took place until after the exponential growth phase. Neither sulfide nor thiosulfate added an increment to heterotrophic growth yield except for the weight of the deposited S0. The deposition of S0 from thiosulfate was probably a disproportionation in which S0 and sulfate were produced in a 1:1 ratio. Some of the S0 was further oxidized to sulfate. No autotrophic or mixotrophic growth was demonstrated for this strain. When inoculated in small, well-dispersed quantities into yeast extract medium, this strain grew only after long lags. Addition of the enzyme catalase eliminated initial lags and increased growth rates slightly. In contrast, catalase had no influence on growth rate when added to mineral medium containing acetate. In yeast extract medium, the inhibition of growth rate was presumably because of peroxides. Addition of thiosulfate was almost as effective as catalase in eliminating this inhibition. The S0 granules which, in this case, were deposited during the exponential growth phase, appeared to be partly responsible for this relief. This strain of Beggiatoa sp. remained active for at least 5 days under strictly anaerobic conditions, and under those conditions, it increased its dry weight by about 2.5-fold. Anaerobic "growth" and maintenance required the presence of an energy source, such as acetate. When cells containing much internal S0 were transferred to an organic anaerobic medium, a substantial portion of the internal S0 was eventually converted to sulfide. PMID- 7240092 TI - Localization of dehydrogenases, reductases, and electron transfer components in the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio gigas. AB - Various dehydrogenases, reductases, and electron transfer proteins involved in respiratory sulfate reduction by Desulfovibrio gigas have been localized with respect to the periplasmic space, membrane, and cytoplasm. This species was grown on a lactate-sulfate medium, and the distribution of enzyme activities and concentrations of electron transfer components were determined in intact cells, cell fractions prepared with a French press, and lysozyme spheroplasts. A significant fraction of formate dehydrogenase was demonstrated to be localized in the periplasmic space in addition to hydrogenase and some c-type cytochrome. Cytochrome b, menaquinone, fumarate reductase, and nitrite reductase were largely localized on the cytoplasmic membrane. Fumarate reductase was situated on the inner aspect on the membrane, and the nitrite reductase appeared to be transmembraneous. Adenylylsulfate reductase, bisulfite reductase (desulfoviridin), pyruvate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase activities were localized in the cytoplasm. Significant amounts of hydrogenase and c-type cytochromes were also detected in the cytoplasm. Growth of D. gigas on a formate sulfate medium containing acetate resulted in a 10-fold increase in membrane bound formate dehydrogenase and a doubling of c-type cytochromes. Growth on fumarate with formate resulted in an additional increase in b-type cytochrome compared with lactate-sulfate-grown cells. PMID- 7240093 TI - Ultrastructure of Naegleria fowleri enflagellation. AB - Amoebae of Naegleria fowleri nN68 became elongated flagellated cells 150 to 180 min after subculture to non-nutrient buffer. N. fowleri NF69 did not become elongated or flagellated under these conditions. Electron microscopic examination of N. fowleri confirmed that it is a typical eucaryotic protist with a distinct nuclear envelope and prominent nucleolus, numerous vacuoles and cytoplasmic inclusions, pleomorphic mitochondria, and some rough endoplasmic reticulum. During incubation in non-nutrient buffer, both strains lost ultraviolet-absorbing material to the medium, and the number of vacuoles decreased. In strain nN68, basal bodies, a rootlet, and flagella are formed quickly after an initial lag of 90 min. Initially, the rootlet is not associated with the nucleus but they become associated subsequent at the leading end of the elongated cell. In elongated cells, the rootlet lies in a furrow or groove extending the length of the nucleus. Flagella of N. fowleri nN68 exhibit the typical 9 + 2 arrangement of filaments and are surrounded by a sheath which is continuous with the plasma membrane. The enflagellation process in N. fowleri can be manipulated reproducibly. PMID- 7240094 TI - Organic nutrition of Beggiatoa sp. AB - Culture OH-75-B of Beggiatoa sp. differed significantly from any described previously in its utilization of organic carbon and reduced sulfur compounds. It deposited internal sulfur granules characteristic of Beggiatoa sp. with either sulfide or thiosulfate in the medium. This strain (OH-75-B, clone 2a) could be grown in agitated liquid cultures on mineral medium with acetate as the only source of organic carbon. The resultant growth yields and rates were comparable to those for typical heterotrophs. Of the other simple organic compounds tested, only pyruvate, lactate, or ethanol could singly support the growth of this strain. Single sugars or amino acids neither supported growth nor enhanced it when added to acetate-containing medium. In contrast, compounds of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enhanced growth yields when tested in concert with acetate. These and fluoroacetate inhibition results indicate that Beggiatoa sp. possesses a functional tricarboxylic acid cycle. Poor yields characterized the growth of this strain on dilute yeast extract medium, and higher concentrations of yeast extract proved inhibitory. The enzyme catalase, contrary to the findings of others, had no synergistic influence on growth yields when added to medium containing yeast extract or acetate or both. PMID- 7240095 TI - Biochemical genetics of tryptophan synthesis in Pseudomonas acidovorans. AB - Sixty independent tryptophan auxotrophs of Pseudomonas acidovorans were isolated and characterized for nutritional response to intermediates of the pathway, accumulation of intermediates, and levels of tryptophan-synthetic enzymes. Mutants for each of the seven proteins catalyzing the five steps of tryptophan synthesis were obtained. Transductional analysis established three unlinked chromosomal regions: trpE, trpGDC, and trpFBA. The order of the genes within the two clusters was not determined. The levels and enzymatic activities of wild-type and mutant strains indicated that trpE and trpGDC were repressed by tryptophan. In contrast, trpFBA was not derepressed significantly by starvation for tryptophan. The trpG mutants had an additional requirement for p-aminobenzoate, which suggested that anthranilate synthase subunit II also served as glutamine binding protein in the analogous reaction catalyzed by p-aminobenzoate synthase. In addition, trpD mutants revealed the ability of P. acidovorans to degrade anthranilate via the beta-ketoadipate pathway. PMID- 7240097 TI - Mode of elongation of the glycerol phosphate polymer of membrane lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus faecium ATCC 9790. AB - Specific degradation of membrane lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus faecium ATCC 9790 by a phosphodiesterase from Aspergillus niger and by periodate oxidation has demonstrated that the enzymatic synthesis of the glycerol phosphate polymer of the molecule occurs by an external elongation system. Evidence of this type of mechanism was obtained with lipoteichoic acid synthesized in vivo or in vitro by differential radioisotope labeling techniques. The glycerol phosphate repeating units were transferred from phosphatidylglycerol and became linked through a phosphodiester bond to the glycerol phosphate unit of the chain farthest from or most external to the lipid end of the polymer. PMID- 7240096 TI - Stimulation of bacterial arylsulfatase activity by arylamines: evidence for substrate activation. AB - A number of arylamines (including tyramine and tryptamine) increased the in vitro activity of arylsulfatase from Pseudomonas sp. strain C12B. Amino acid analogs of these amines (e.g., tyrosine and tryptophan) failed to exert an effect. Stimulation of activity by tyramine could not be accounted for in terms of sulfotransferase activity for this phenol, and no shift in the pH optimum for the enzyme occurred in the presence of tryptamine. Increased Vmax due to these amines was independent of enzyme concentration but varied significantly with substrate concentration. Evidence is presented which suggests that arylamines enhance arylsulfatase activity by forming a salt linkage with the substrate and rendering it more susceptible to enzymatic and acid-catalyzed hydrolyses. The recrystallized tryptamine salt of the substrate exhibited a reduced affinity for the enzyme but was hydrolyzed more rapidly than the potassium salt, which is normally employed as the assay substrate. PMID- 7240098 TI - Isolation and characterization of several unique lipids from Azotobacter vinelandii cysts. AB - Unique cyclic compounds were found in the lipid fraction of Azotobacter vinelandii cysts. In addition to two major molecular species which had already been identified, 5-n-alkylresorcinol and its galactoside derivative, five other molecular species (two alkyl side chain homologs of each) were isolated, and their structures were established by infrared, ultraviolet, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. These 10 compounds were 6-n heneicosylresorcylic acid methyl ester and 6-n-tricosylresorcylic acid methyl ester, 5-n-(2-hydroxy)heneicosylresorcinol and 5-n-(2-hydroxy-tricosylresorcinol, 5-n-heneicosyl-4-acetylresorcinol and 5-n-tricosyl-4-acetylresorcinol, 6-n heneicosyl-4-hydroxypyran-2-one and 6-n-tricosyl-4-hydroxypyran-2-one, and 6-(2 oxotricosyl)-4-hydroxy-pyran-2-one and 6-(2-oxopentacosyl)-4-hydroxypyran-2-one. PMID- 7240099 TI - Regulation of L-asparaginase in a Chlamydomonas species in response to ambient concentrations of combined nitrogen. AB - Cellular levels of an L-asparaginase in a Chlamydomonas species were found to be greater in nitrogen-limited batch cultures than in batch cultures grown in ample nitrogen. Cells grown in high nitrogen medium (5 mM NH4Cl) and suspended in nitrogen-free medium showed a 2- to 3.5-fold increase in activity after 24 to 48 h. This increase in activity was inhibited by cycloheximide and by the addition of high levels of combined nitrogen (5 mM NH4Cl, NaNO3, or L-asparagine), suggesting repression by ambient nitrogen levels as the mode of regulation of this enzyme. Derepressed L-asparaginase activity did not disappear in the presence of high concentrations of medium nitrogen, indicating the absence of an asparaginase-degrading system. Derepression of asparaginase by this organism was light dependent and inhibited by 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea suggesting a requirement for photosynthetic energy. PMID- 7240101 TI - The essence of ethical codes and oaths. PMID- 7240100 TI - Unique lipids in Azotobacter vinelandii cysts: synthesis, distribution, and fate during germination. AB - Unique lipids found in Azotobacter vinelandii cysts are derived primarily from beta-hydroxybutyrate used to induce encystment. Tracer studies with beta [14C]hydroxybutyrate showed that the biosynthesis of these compounds during encystment began at 8 to 12 h after induction and reached maximal levels after 2 days, Seventy percent of these unique lipids were found in the central body of the cysts, and 23% were found in the exine. Pyronic compounds, which are located mostly in the central body, were degraded during germination of the cysts, but little change occurred in the phenolic compounds, which are more uniformly distributed in the cysts. PMID- 7240102 TI - Emotional status during weight reduction program. AB - The Hopkins Symptom Checklist was administered to 205 chronically obese patients to assess their emotional status. The results indicate that: a) the extent of mental problems in this population was not much different from other outpatient clinics; b) patients with a childhood or maturity onset of obesity had similar emotional profile; c) successful weight loss improved the emotional difficulties; d) no increase in emotional symptomatology occurred in patients before their dropout from the clinic; and e) clinic attendance and dieting did not affect the patients' mental status. These findings correlate well with the global clinical impressions obtained during interviews at each patient visit by the physician and/or clinical psychologist. PMID- 7240103 TI - The effects of an expectancy state on the fate of applications and psychotherapy in an outpatient setting. AB - This study describes an attempt to influence the outcome of outpatient psychotherapy by offering pretherapy information to application. The sample consisted of more than 1,300 applicants; the pretherapy information, in the form of a printed leaflet, was included with the application blank for alternate cases. The results suggest that the pretherapy information tended to discourage the completing of application blanks. Among those patients who eventually participated in psychotherapy, pretherapy information had no effect on the duration of treatment or on treatment outcomes as rated by the therapists. Incidentally, the data indicate that having health insurance has a strong, positive effect on the number of treatment interviews. PMID- 7240104 TI - A critical appraisal of amoxapine. AB - The authors provide a literature review and assess amoxapine's clinical pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy and side effects. They conclude that Amoxapine is indicated for use in moderate to severe depressions, has a favorable side effect profile and probably has an earlier onset of action than other tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7240105 TI - Self-mutilation accompanying religious delusions: a case report and review. AB - A case is described of a man who castrated himself while depressed over deviated sexual urges, with eventual favorable response to psychiatric hospitalization and psychotherapy. The literature on self-mutilation is then reviewed, comparing 26 cases of enucleation of eyes, cutting off a hand, mutilating genitals (by males) and cutting out the tongue. Recommendations for treatment and study are attention to previous history or evidence of self-injury, preoccupation with Biblical passages regarding self-injury, preceding drug abuse and early loss of the father in males. Rapid tranquilization and intensive psychotherapy are advised following hospitalization. PMID- 7240106 TI - A snake lady: post-concussion syndrome manifesting visual hallucinations of snakes. AB - A 37-year-old female was referred to the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Iowa with visual hallucinations of snakes that began ten months after a brief loss of consciousness in a car accident. She also complained about a persistent headache and depressed mood that began shortly after the accident. Her depressive symptoms did not respond to amitriptyline or ECT. By thoroughly reviewing the clinical features and course of this patient, we conclude that the she did not have a typical, definite psychiatric syndrome explaining her hallucinations. The hallucination of snakes in this case may be a manifestation of post-concussional syndrome. PMID- 7240107 TI - The importance of cultural factors in a brief reactive psychosis. AB - This paper reviews the case of a time-limited or brief reactive psychosis in a Thai immigrant. Although the patient claimed to have left behind his Thai culture, his previous Buddhist background proved extremely stressful when confronted with a family mortuary ritual. The importance of understanding and working with a patient's previous cultural and religious beliefs is discussed. PMID- 7240108 TI - Psychosis associated with frontal lobe lesions in Schilder's cerebral sclerosis: a case report with CT scan evidence. AB - A case of Schilder's cerebral sclerosis presenting as schizophrenia-like psychosis is described. The patient exhibited only minimal neurological signs and the correct diagnosis was established by computerized cranial tomogram (CT-scan). PMID- 7240110 TI - A case of total gaze avoidance. PMID- 7240109 TI - Urinary osmolality in lithium and non-lithium treated psychiatric patients. AB - A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of urine concentrating defect in 57 psychiatric patients who were treated with lithium and 42 patients who were not treated with lithium. Analysis of results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the lithium treated and control groups in their random 12 hour fluid deprivation urine osmolality, 0.5 greater than p greater than 0.1, t-test. The authors suggest that impaired urinary concentrating ability occurs frequently in both lithium and nonlithium treated psychiatric patients. This isolated finding alone is insufficient to warrant the diagnosis of lithium nephrotoxicity. PMID- 7240111 TI - Personality differences between insomniac and non-insomniac psychiatry outpatients. AB - The relationship between self-reported measures of sleep disturbance and psychopathology was investigated. Previous studies on this topic have failed to use appropriate control groups. The current study examined the relationship between sleep disturbance and personality using insomniac and non-insomniac outpatient counseling clients. The results confirm the significant and positive relation between emotional disturbance and insomnia. The insomniac group showed the expected pattern of MMPI abnormalities (elevated D, Hy, Pt and Sc). However, only the Pt scale of the MMPI and the Cornell Medical Index significantly differentiated the two groups. This suggests that characteristics such as obsessional worry which lead to elevated Pt scores play a more important and unique role in insomnia than previously hypothesized. PMID- 7240112 TI - Electroencephalographic recording during bitemporal and unilateral non-dominant hemisphere (Lancaster Position) electroconvulsive therapy. AB - electrical seizure activity induced by ECT appears in three phases: Phase I initial 18-22 Hz. (beta-like) activity, Phase II arrhythmic polyspike activity, and Phase III rhythmic 2 1/2-3 1/2 Hz. spike/polyspike-wave activity. With bitemporal ECT, Phase II activity appears simultaneously in all leads. With unilateral non-dominant hemisphere ECT, there is an orderly march on Phase II polyspikes from the right anterior temporal region. After termination of a seizure, there is symmetrical suppression of normal activity with bitemporal ECT, but with unilateral non-dominant hemisphere ECT there is less suppression of normal activity in the unstimulated side. PMID- 7240113 TI - Specific responses to imipramine and doxepin in psychoneurotic depressed patients with sleep disturbance. AB - The pretreatment characteristics and symptomatology that were predictive of rapid response to pharmacotherapy (imipramine or doxepin) were determined in 79 psychoneurotic depressed patients with sleep disturbance. Rapid response to treatment was measured as at least a 50% reduction in total score for the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression after two weeks of treatment. Pretreatment severity of illness and pretreatment scoring of the somatization factor on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and of the self-rating of illness on the Lipman-Rickels Scale were found to be modest predictors of response to either drug. Estimation of imipramine and doxepin response groups was more successful. A higher socioeconomic status and shorter duration of illness were indicative of a favorable response to imipramine, whereas a higher response rate to doxepin was found in male patients. The four group discriminations showed a similarity in pretreatment characteristics between imipramine responders and doxepin non responders. PMID- 7240114 TI - The clinical characteristics and treatment of atypical depression. AB - The clinical characteristics, response to pharmacotherapy, and the family history of 15 depressed patients with mixed anxiety and depressive symptomatology are presented. Although these patients manifest the clearcut features of atypical depression, they have several previously unreported features: their primary symptomatology-fatigue, anxiety, and anhedonia-had been present since early adolescence; they responded to tricyclic antidepressant therapy, particularly those agents that increase CNS adrenergic activity; and there was a high loading of psychiatric illness, especially affective disorder and alcoholism, in first degree relatives. A relationship between atypical depression and depressive spectrum disease is hypothesized. PMID- 7240115 TI - Cannibalism and vampirism in paranoid schizophrenia. PMID- 7240116 TI - Treatment of porphyria. PMID- 7240117 TI - A new method for the preparation of acyl-CoA thioesters. AB - A method is described for the preparation of CoA thioesters of fatty acids. Acyl CoA thioester was synthesized by way of 1-acylimidazole and purified by high performance liquid chromatography. This method is applicable to the preparation of a variety of acyl-CoA thioesters of various chain lengths (from C2 to C18) and with varying degrees of unsaturation. It is particularly suitable for preparing acyl-CoA thioesters of labeled fatty acids or fatty acids available only in small amounts. PMID- 7240118 TI - Metabolism of bile alcohols, 24-nor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24 tetrol and 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-26,27-dinor-5 beta-cholestan-24 one, in rats. AB - 24-Nor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrol and 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-26,27-dinor-5 beta-cholestan-24-one were administered intraperitoneally to bile fistula rats, and the metabolites excreted in the bile were analyzed. No formation of bile acids from these bile alcohols was observed. 7 alpha,12 alpha,25-Trihydroxy-24-nor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha-O-(beta-D glucopyranosid)uronic acid was identified as the only biliary metabolite of the 24-nor-5 beta-cholestanetetrol. The major metabolite of the trihydroxy-26,27 dinor-5 beta-cholestanone was 7 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-24-oxo-26,27-dinor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosid)uronic acid, and the minor metabolite was the glucurono conjugate of 26,27-dinor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24 beta-tetrol. The results indicated that in rat liver these C25- and C26-bile alcohols, in contrast to C27-bile alcohols, were not converted into bile acids, and that the glucuronide production became necessary for hepatic elimination of the accumulated bile alcohols. PMID- 7240119 TI - Electrophoretic analysis of thyroid iodoproteins in highly cross-linked polyacrylamide gels. AB - The electrophoretic behavior of thyroglobulin and larger thyroglobulin-like iodoproteins prepared from the hog thyroid was studied in polyacrylamide gels over a wide range of cross-linking degrees (C%). When examined at a constant total acrylamide monomer concentration (T%) of 5%, the mobility of 19S thyroglobulin decreased with increase in C below C = 5%, whereas above C = 5%, it increased markedly with increase in C, giving a minimum mobility at C = 5%. Similar biphasic mobility curves were obtained with 27S and 37S thyroid iodoproteins. Furthermore, in a region above C = 15%, at least two additional larger components which escaped detection in the gels with lower degrees of cross linking appeared as separate bands. Ferguson plots constructed for thyroid iodoproteins at a higher constant C of 20% gave straight lines intersecting at a common point at T = 0%. From the calculated slopes of the Ferguson plots, it has been established that the thyroid contains a series of multimers of 19S thyroglobulin as constituent iodoproteins. Structural parameters of highly cross linked gels were estimated under the assumption that the gels would be predominantly composed of a random meshwork of gel beads. PMID- 7240120 TI - Surface potential dependence of the distribution of charged dye molecules onto photosynthetic membranes. AB - Partition of merocyanine dyes, which have a negative charge, onto photosynthetic membranes of chloroplasts and bacteria was analyzed by measuring the fluorescence intensity change, absorbance change, and amount of dye in the supernatant after centrifugation. The partition depended on the surface potential, which is a function of valence and concentration of ions in the medium. The distribution of dyes between the membrane and aqueous phase was determined after centrifugation. The logarithm of the ratio of distribution was linearly related to the logarithm of salt concentration as predicted from the Gouy-Chapman theory and the Boltzmann distribution. Plots of the logarithm of fluorescence intensity against the logarithm of KCl and MgSO4 concentrations gave two straight lines with a slope ratio of about two. The absorbance change upon salt addition was also explained by the Gouy-Chapman theory. The use of these dyes as probes of the surface potential of membranes is discussed. PMID- 7240121 TI - A simple peptide fractionation by hydrophobic chromatography with a prepacked reversed-phase column. PMID- 7240123 TI - Receptors for Dolichos biflorus agglutinin on embryonal carcinoma cells. AB - Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), a lectin specific for N-acetylgalactosamine residues, agglutinated F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. FITC-labeled DBA intensively stained F9 cells, and embryonal carcinoma cells and endodermal cells of teratocarcinoma OTT6050, but did not stain a variety of cells from the host (129 mouse). Receptors for DBA were isolated from galactose-labeled F9 and OTT6050 cells by solubilization with 0.5% Triton X-100 and affinity chromatography on DBA agarose. About 40% of the non-dialyzable galactose-label in the extracts of both types of cells was recovered in the receptors. On SDS gel electrophoresis, most of the receptors behaved as glycoproteins with molecular weights of more than 70,000. The receptors from OTT6050 cells contained about 0.8 mg of carbohydrate per mg protein. Pronase digestion depolymerized the receptors from F9 and OTT6050 cells, but most of the resulting glycopeptides were still large enough to be excluded from a column of Sephadex G-50. PMID- 7240124 TI - Studies on protein semisynthesis. I. Formation of esters, hydrazides, and substituted hydrazides of peptides by the reverse reaction of trypsin. AB - An enzymatic method for converting tryptic peptides into their intermediates for the azide method of peptide synthesis was investigated by using model substrates, Bz-Arg, Bz-Gly-Arg, and Bz-Gly-Lys. The conditions favorite for the formation of the esters, hydrazides, and substituted hydrazides were deduced from the theoretical analysis on the pH and pKa dependence of the synthetic reactions and the pKa values of the substrates in various solvents. The theory based on the empirical relationship between the pKa of amines and the formation constant of the amides (Fersht, A.R. & Requena, Y. (1971) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 3499-3504) indicates that the most favorite amine in the formation of amides is the one with a pKa value equal to the pKa of the carboxyl group and with such amines the amide formation takes place almost quantitatively even in aqueous solutions. Boc- and Cbz-hydrazine were found to satisfy the above condition approximately. The methyl esters of the substrates were formed in 30-35% yields in 50% aqueous methanol at pH near 4.5 by the reverse reaction of trypsin [EC 3.4.4.4]. Bz-Gly-Arg-NHNH2 was formed in a 34% yield in 2 M aqueous hydrazine and in 70-80% yields in 50% aqueous solutions of dioxane, DMF, and DMSO containing 1 M hydrazine at pH near 7. Bz-Gly-Arg-NHNH-Boc and Bz-Gly-Lys-NHNH-Boc were formed quite readily in 90 98% yields in H2O and in 50% aqueous solutions of dioxane, DMF, and DMSO containing 0.5 or 1 M Boc hydrazine at pH from 4 to 5. The Cbz-hydrazides of the peptides were also formed readily in 88-95% yields in the above mixed solvents containing 0.5 M Cbz-hydrazine. The formation constants of the hydrazides in H2O were in good agreement with those predicted by the empirical relationship. The formation constants in the form of log Ke in the mixed solvents calculated by taking the activity coefficients of the reactants as unity were 0.1 to 0.5 lower than the predicted values. PMID- 7240122 TI - Purification and properties of a copper-containing nitrite reductase from a denitrifying bacterium, Alcaligenes faecalis strain S-6. AB - A copper-containing nitrite reductase was purified and crystallized from a potent denitrifying bacterium, Alcaligenes faecalis strain S-6. The enzyme was composed of 4 subunits with a molecular weight of about 30,000, each containing 1 atom of Cu2+. Nitric oxide was identified as a main reduction product from nitrite in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The enzyme activity was inhibited strongly by KCN but only slightly by sulfhydryl reagents such as p-chloromercuribenzoate and N ethylmaleimide. PMID- 7240126 TI - Initiation of fibroin biosynthesis. I. Isolation of nascent fibroin peptides from the posterior silk gland of Bombyx mori. AB - 1. Peptidyl-tRNA was prepared from the posterior silk gland ribosomes of Bombyx mori on the fourth to fifth days of the fifth instar to explore the initiation process in fibroin biosynthesis. 2. The peptidyl-tRNA was hydrolyzed at an alkaline pH and the resulting nascent peptides were fractionated on Sephadex G-75 and Sephadex G-200 columns into twelve fractions. Each fraction was analyzed for amino acid composition. 3. The nascent peptides of smaller molecular size were rather rich in glutamic and aspartic acids. However, the amino acid composition of the nascent peptides gradually approached that of fibroin as their molecular size increased. 4. A comparison between the nascent peptides of smaller molecular size and the small subunit of fibroin was made in respect to amino acid composition and tryptic peptide map. Considerable similarity between these two proteins was observed. The implications of these results in relation to the initiation process in fibroin biosynthesis are discussed. PMID- 7240125 TI - Purification of anti-glycosphingolipid antibody and topological localization of glycosphingolipid on the cell surface of rat ascites hepatomas. AB - A simple method for the preparation of oligosaccharide-linked aminohexyl Sepharose 4B (AH-Sepharose 4B) and its application to the purification of anti glycosphingolipid antibody which is specific for the oligosaccharide moiety are described. The oligosaccharide, which was obtained from galactosyl(beta 1 leads to 3) N-acetylgalactosaminyl(beta 1 leads to 4)galactosyl(beta 1 leads to 4)glucosylceramide (asialo-GM1) by ozonolysis and subsequent alkali treatment, was covalently linked to the AH-Sepharose 4B by reductamination in the presence of NaBCNH3. Anti-asialo-GM1 antibody was purified by means of an affinity technique with the oligosaccharide-linked AH-Sepharose 4B. The antibody bound to the affinity adsorbent was eluted with 0.5 M NaSCN and 3.0 M NaSCN. Antibody with higher specific activity was recovered in the 3.0 M NaSCN fraction with 50% recovery of the activity of the starting material. The purified antibody was found to be quite specific for asialo-GM1. The presence of asialo-GM1 on the cell surface of free-type rat ascites hepatomas was confirmed by the immunofluorescence technique. The cell aggregates induced by the purified antibody were observed under a scanning electron microscope. The cell connection was found to occur at the tips of microvilli of the surface membrane. The localization of asialo-GM1 on the tips of the surface membrane was confirmed by means of the ferritin-conjugated antibody technique. PMID- 7240127 TI - Heterogeneous forms of poly(rA) . oligo(dT)-directed DNA polymerase activity from rat spleen. AB - Three forms of DNA polymerase, named enzymes A, B, and C, that preferred (rA)n x (dT)12-18 as a template-primer, were partially purified from an extract of rat spleen. Enzymes B and C, both sedimenting at 9S, appeared to correspond to DNA polymerase gamma. However, they differed in their behavior on phosphocellulose and DNA-cellulose column chromatographies, and in their optimum KCl and divalent cation requirements for activity. Enzyme A showed a unique property. Like DNA polymerase beta, it sedimented at 3.8S, was resistant to reagents blocking sulfhydryl groups, and was inhibited by phosphate, but it differed from DNA polymerase beta with respect to elution positions from DEAE-cellulose, phosphocellulose and DNA-cellulose columns, Km value (lower by one order of magnitude for dTTP), and template-primer preference. Enzyme A was found in the mitochondrial fraction, in which DNA polymerase beta was not detectable. Enzymes A and C were isolated from the nuclear fraction, but this fraction did not contain enzyme B. The cytosol contained only enzyme A. The mitochondrial fraction contained enzyme A and enzyme C-like polymerase. Enzyme B was obtained with enzymes A and C only by extraction of the whole cell homogenate. Enzyme B may be labile or may be an artificial form of DNA polymerase gamma formed during the purification procedures. PMID- 7240128 TI - Effects of Triton WR-1339 on lipoprotein lipolytic activity and lipid content of rat liver lysosomes. AB - The characteristics of lipoprotein lipolytic activity in lysosomes after the administration of Triton WR-1339 were studied, and the observed decrease in the density of the particles is discussed. The light mitochondrial fraction prepared from rat liver according to the method of De Duve et al. (Biochem. J. (1955) 60, 604) was used as a crude lysosomal fraction, in which acid phosphatase and lipoprotein lipase activities were concentrated. The lipoprotein lipolytic activity of lysosomes had a pH optimum of 4.0. The activity was strongly inhibited by Triton WR-1339 in vitro at low concentrations, while the acid lipase activity was almost unaffected, though relatively high concentration of the detergent significantly inhibited the latter activity. When Triton WR-1339 administered to rats (150 mg/100 g body weight), the activities of both the lipoprotein lipase and acid lipase of lysosomes from the treated rats decreased to one-third of those of control rats. Low-density and high-density lysosomes were partially purified from the light mitochondrial fraction from Triton WR-1339 treated and silver colloid-treated rats, respectively, by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The low-density lysosomes (d = 1.00-1.13) from Triton WR 1339 administered rats had approximately 4 and 3 times higher contents of triglyceride and cholesterol, respectively, than the high-density lysosomes (d greater than 1.30) from silver colloid-treated rats. In view of these results and the fact that the density of Triton WR-1339 is quite high (at least d = 1.20), the decrease in density of hepatic lysosomes upon Triton WR-1339 administration cannot be due simply to incorporation of the detergent, and may rather be a result of incorporation and accumulation of some lipid(s) (possibly as lipoprotein) into lysosomes together with Triton WR-1339. PMID- 7240129 TI - Purification and some properties of sarcosine oxidase from Corynebacterium sp. U 96. PMID- 7240130 TI - Binding kinetics and physical properties of androgen receptor in androgen dependent Shionogi mammary carcinoma 115. AB - The characteristics of the androgen receptor in the cytoplasmic fraction of Shionogi carcinoma 115 were studied in vitro by means of charcoal adsorption assay, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The equilibrium dissociation constant for [3H]dihydrotestosterone (Kd = (2-5) X 10(-11) M) was estimated from independently determined rates of association and dissociation, and was lower by one order of magnitude than the value obtained by saturation analysis (Kd = (2-8) X 10(-10) M). Evaluation of the effect of temperature on receptor binding of androgen allowed the estimation of several thermodynamic parameters, including activation energies of association (4 kcal/mol) and dissociation (14 kcal/mol), the apparent free energy (-13 kcal/mol), enthalpy (-9 kcal/mol), and entropy (+14 cal/mol per K). The receptor was greatly stabilized when bound with androgen. The results indicate how the lability of the unbound receptor and slow rate of dihydrotestosterone-receptor interaction can influence the estimation of dissociation constants by usual saturation analysis. The sedimentation coefficient of androgen receptor in freshly prepared cytosol was 6S, and became 7S after storage for 2 months at -80 degrees C. The 7S conversion of the receptor was reversed by treatment with heparin. In all cases, a single 5S peak was obtained in the presence of 0.5 M KCl. On electrophoresis in heparin-containing polyacrylamide gel, protein-bound radioactive androgen migrated as a single peak (Rf = 0.5 in 5% gel). Differences in reported values for the sedimentation coefficient of androgen receptor in cytosol of Shionogi carcinoma 115 appear to be derived from aggregation of the receptor protein during the assay procedure. PMID- 7240131 TI - Purification and properties of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from Zoogloea ramigera I-16-M. AB - D(-)-beta-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase was purified from Zoogloea ramigera I-16 M to electrophoretic homogeneity. The molecular weight of the enzyme as determined by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration was 112,000, and the monomer molecular weight estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate was 28,000, indicating that the native enzyme is a tetramer with four identical subunits. The enzyme showed a pH optimum at 8.0 in the oxidation reaction, and a broad pH optimum (5.5-7.5) in the reduction reaction. The Km values for D(-)-beta-hydroxybutyrate and NAD in the oxidation reaction were 3.2 X 10(-4) M and 5.7 X 10(-5) M, respectively. The Km value for acetoacetate in the reduction reaction was 1.5 X 10(-4) M and that for NADH was 1.5 X 10(-5) M. Acetyl CoA, D-lactate, and 2-hydroxybutyrate were effective inhibitors for the oxidation of D(-)-beta-hydroxybutyrate. The enzyme was sensitive to the inhibitory actions of sulfhydryl reagents such as p chloromercuribenzoic acid, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and HgCl2. PMID- 7240132 TI - Analysis of latent properties of trypsin. Acyl trypsins derived from enantiomeric pairs of "inverse substrates". AB - p-Amidinophenyl esters derived from a variety of amino acids and peptides, including D-amino acids, were synthesized. The kinetic behavior of trypsin towards these esters, which are "inverse substrates," was analyzed. Deacylation rates of acyl trypsins carrying D-amino acid residues were determined for the first time by the use of these "inverse substrates." The steric requirements of the catalytic site region of trypsin were successfully analyzed by studying the deacylation process as manifested in the hydrolyses of enatiomeric pairs of "inverse substrates." The effects of chiral ligands on the deacylation process were also studied in connection with the chiral requirements of the active site. PMID- 7240133 TI - Resistance of bovine band 3, a hydrophobic erythrocyte membrane protein, to denaturation of guanidine hydrochloride. AB - Bovine Band 3 was cleaved into two fragments by extracellular chymotryptic attack. As in the case of intact Band 3, both fragments were resistant to complete denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride and did not show the single cooperative conformational transition which is typical of many globular proteins. These results suggest that each Band 3 fragment contains several domains differing in resistance to denaturation. A discriminant function analysis further suggests that a considerable part of the polypeptide chain of the fragments is intercalated into or interacts with the lipid bilayer. These combined data are not incompatible with the suggestion of Drickamer ((1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 6909-6917) that the Band 3 polypeptide is probably folded to pass several times through the membrane. PMID- 7240134 TI - Limited proteolysis of the third component of human complement, C3, by heat treatment. AB - Human C3 is composed of two disulfide-linked polypeptide chains, termed alpha chain (with a molecular weight of 110,000) and beta chain (with a molecular weight of 75,000). When 3C was heated at above 50 degrees C and at neutral pH, a single peptide bond in the alpha chain was selectively cleaved to yield two alpha chain fragments with molecular weights of 75,000 and 44,000. The two alpha chain fragments and intact beta chain are originally connected by disulfide linkages but are gradually dissociated upon prolonged heat treatment. The dissociation seems to be caused by thiol-disulfide interchange reactions, since the dissociation was prevented by the addition of monoiodoacetic acid and only 1 mol of thiol group was determined to be newly generated upon heat treatment of C3. The heat-induced C3 cleavage reached a plateau when almost 1 mol of thiol group appeared. In addition, the heat-induced C3 cleavage was prevented by pretreatments with C3 convertase and methylamine, which are known to cleave the thioester linkage in the side chain of C3. Thus, the thioester linkage, which is the latent reactive site in C3 and which, upon activation of C3, forms an ester linkage with cell surfaces, seems to make a specific peptide bond extremely heat labile. PMID- 7240135 TI - Mechanism of the concanavalin A-induced change of membrane fluidity of chicken erythrocytes. AB - When chicken erythrocytes labeled with a stearic acid derivative spin label was treated with concanavalin A (Con A), ESR spectra showed a change in the peaks due to the labels in membrane lipids, indicating an increase of membrane lipid fluidity. Addition of Con A increased the fluidity rapidly. This change was reversible only up to 30 min after adding Con A, and thereafter it gradually became irreversible. However, if the erythrocytes were treated with cytochalasin B and methyl alpha-D-mannoside, a complete return of fluidity to the normal level could be observed at any stage after the binding of Con A. The observation of freeze-fracture replicas of erythrocyte membranes by transmission electron microscopy also showed that the redistribution of intramembranous particles gradually became irreversible after exposure to Con A. These results suggest that the microfilament-like system, which modulates the distribution of cell surface receptors for Con A, participates in the modulation of membrane fluidity. Phospholipid methylation of chicken erythrocyte membrane was stimulated immediately after the binding of Con A. A methyltransferase inhibitor, 5'-deoxy 5'-S-isobutyl adenosine, abolished the increase of membrane fluidity within the first 10 min and also that occurring later than 60 min after adding Con A, but it was without effect on the elevated fluidity found between 20 and 60 min. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ had an inhibitory effect on the lasting increase of fluidity. These results suggest that the first increase of membrane fluidity by Con A may be caused by phospholipid methylation, while the second increase may depend on the rearrangement of Con A receptor glycoproteins through cross-linking wit Con A. The irreversible part of the membrane fluidity increase probably depends on Ca2+ influx, phospholipid methylation, and peripheral membrane proteins which constitute the microfilament-like system at the membrane inner surface. PMID- 7240136 TI - Identification of alkyldiacylglycerols containing saturated methyl branched chains in the Harderian gland of guinea pig. AB - More than 90% of total lipids in the Harderian gland of guinea pig was identified as 1-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol. The alkyl and acyl moieties consisted of saturated aliphatic chains ranging from 14 to 21 carbon atoms and from 15 to 26 carbon atoms, respectively. About 60 mol% of them had methyl branches, which were located at the even-numbered carbon atoms. Mono- and di-methyl branched chains accounted for most of the branched chains. The aliphatic chains contained methyl branches especially in the alkyl chains at the 1-position and the acyl chains at the 2-position PMID- 7240137 TI - Light chain phosphorylation alters the N terminal structure of gizzard myosin heavy chain in an ATP dependent manner. AB - It was shown that the heavy chain structure was altered by the phosphorylation of light chain in gizzard myosin. Phosphorylated myosin was compared with unphosphorylated myosin with respect to the chymotryptic fragmentation with or without ATP in the medium. The rise and fall of the fragments were well explained by the reconstitution model for unphosphorylated myosin (Okamoto, Y., et al. (1980) J. Biochem. 88, 361-371). A specific cleavable site in the myosin head was completely abolished by the phosphorylation of light chain. The effect of phosphorylation on the site could be observed in the absence of ATP but not in its presence. These results strongly suggest the possible integrity of the site, 5K daltons apart from the masked N terminus, for the physiological activity of gizzard myosin. PMID- 7240140 TI - Fluoride binding to the cytochrome c ferric heme octapeptide. A model for anion binding to the active site of high spin ferric heme proteins. AB - The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of the ferric hemeoctapeptide from cytochrome c was measured in the presence and absence of fluoride ion to study the fluoride binding equilibrium of the hemeoctapeptide. The shift in the 1H NMR signal of sodium 4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentanesulfonate caused by the hemeoctapeptide was measured from -11 to 80 degrees C in a D2O/ethylene glycol solution. Magnetic susceptibilities obtained from the shifts were used to calculate the binding constant at each temperature. The equilibrium constant is 0.95 M-1 at 25 degrees C. Thermodynamic values determined from a plot of ln K versus 1/T are delta H0 = 19,700 J/mol (4,700 cal/mol) and delta S0 = 66.1 J/K mol (15.8 entropy units). The equilibrium and thermodynamic values are compared with those for fluoride binding to hemeproteins and with values for azide and cyanide binding to the hemeoctapeptide and hemoproteins. The differential binding data are used to assess the proposed bonded and nonbonded interactions between the distal histidine and the protein on the axial anionic ligand affinity. The results suggest that bonded interactions between the distal histidine and the ligand may contribute considerable stabilization to the hemoprotein-ligand complex. PMID- 7240138 TI - The rate of transmembrane movement of cholesterol in the human erythrocyte. AB - Cholesterol appears to be abundant on both sides of the human erythrocyte membrane, but its precise distribution and rate of transmembrane movement are undetermined. Although the cholesterol in the intact cell normally was resistant to cholesterol oxidase, enrichment of cells with exogenous cholesterol or preincubation at very low ionic strength rendered the entire cholesterol pool susceptibility to attack. Under these experimental conditions, all of the membrane cholesterol was oxidized in a strictly first order fashion with a half time as short as 10 s at 37 degrees C. Since the enzyme had access only to the outer membrane surface, these data suggest that the transmembrane movement (flip flop) of cholesterol is extremely rapid. From an error analysis, we estimate an upper bound on the half-time of the transmembrane movement of cholesterol of 3 s at 37 degrees C. A physiological function for rapid sterol flip-flop is suggested. PMID- 7240139 TI - Prevention of the immune agglutination of methyl acetimidate-reacted sickle erythrocytes by prior reaction with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. AB - The appearance of an immune response in some sickle cell anemia patients to reinfused autologous erythrocytes which had been treated with methyl acetimidate (Gabuzda, T. G., Chao, T. L., Berenfeld, M. R., and Gelbart, T. (1980) Blood 56, 1041--1047) was a serious impediment to the clinical application of this reagent as an extracorporeal antisickling agent. The immune reaction was doubtlessly due to acetamidination of membrane protein amino groups. Protection of these amino groups with a reversible reagent prior to treatment of the cells with methyl acetimidate should prevent the antigenic reaction. This result was realized by preequilibration of erythrocytes with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate prior to addition of methyl acetimidate. Subsequent washing of the cells to remove excess reagents and to hydrolyze the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate/membrane protein Schiff base adduct regenerates native protein amino groups of the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7240141 TI - The order-disorder transition of the core cholesteryl esters of human plasma low density lipoprotein. A proton nuclear magnetic resonance study. PMID- 7240142 TI - The mobility of cholesteryl esters in native and reconstituted low density lipoprotein as monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 7240143 TI - The structure and synthesis of influenza virus phosphoproteins. AB - The synthesis and phosphorylation of influenza virus nucleoprotein and nonstructural protein were analyzed. The nucleoprotein (NP) was found to be phosphorylated in both infected cells and in isolated virions. The phosphate is in a monoester linkage to a serine residue. Two-dimensional tryptic peptide maps of the 32P-labeled protein, as well as measurements of specific activity, suggests that NP is phosphorylated at one site per molecule. The viral nonstructural (NS 1) protein is also phosphorylated, but on threonine residues. Up to a maximum of two sites per NS 1 molecule could be so modified in infected cells, as demonstrated by two different methods of tryptic peptide analysis and by measurements of the ratio of 32P to 3H-amino-acids incorporated into NS 1 protein species. The NS 1 protein is resolved into four major species of differing isoelectric point in a two-dimensional electrophoretogram. The most acidic species was found to have two phosphorylated sites per molecule, and the next most acidic species contained on the average one phosphate per molecule. Treatment of the phosphorylated species with bacterial alkaline phosphatase demonstrated that the level of phosphorylation is the only identifiable difference between the phosphorylated and unphosphorylated NS 1 species. The distinction between the two unphosphorylated species could not be determined. The distribution of the un-, mono-, and diphosphorylated NS 1 species was characterized at different times after synthesis. These modifications were found to occur very rapidly after translation (30 to 60 s), after transport of the unmodified species from cytoplasm to nucleus of the infected cell. The phosphorylation of NP also takes place rapidly after its synthesis; the site within the cell of the NP phosphorylation has not been unambiguously determined. PMID- 7240144 TI - Mechanism of desensitization of adenylate cyclase by lutropin. Impaired introduction of GTP into the regulatory site. PMID- 7240146 TI - An experimental test for cyclic versus linear transport models. The mechanisms of glucose and choline transport in erythrocytes. AB - Numerous mechanisms have been suggested to explain transport across biological membranes, all of which fall into one or the other of two distinct categories. In some, substrate sites in the free carrier are simultaneously exposed on the two membrane surfaces, while in others a substrate site is alternately exposed on opposite sides. Either group could account for active and facilitated transport, as well as for accelerated exchange, countertransport, and hyperbolic substrate saturation curves. A simple kinetic test is described here which distinguishes between these two classes. The test depends on measurements of transport rates in the presence of reversible competitive inhibitors inside and outside the cell. Experiments are reported on the glucose system of erythrocytes involving the inhibitors phloretin and cytochalasin B, and on the choline system of the same cells, with the nontransported substrate analogs dimethyl-n-pentyl(2 hydroxyethyl)ammonium ion and 2-di-butylaminoethanol. The results are in agreement with the single site-exposure models, which include the classical carrier, and incompatible with the dual site-exposure models. The mechanisms in the latter group are therefore rejected as explanations for glucose or choline transport. PMID- 7240145 TI - Phospholipase A2 activity specific for phosphatidic acid. A possible mechanism for the production of arachidonic acid in platelets. PMID- 7240147 TI - Neutral amino acid transport systems in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - The neutral amino acid transport systems A, ASC, and L have been characterized in the Chinese hamster ovary cell. System A, defined by its sodium ion dependency and inhibition by 2-methylaminoisobutyric acid, was found to be extremely sensitive to the pH of the external medium and to increase in response to starvation for amino acids. System ASC, identified by its sodium ion dependency and intolerance of N-methylation of substrates, was found to be relatively insensitive to external pH and nutrient limitation. System ASC in Chinese hamster ovary cells has been shown to be the major mode of entry of neutral amino acids. A much broader substrate specificity was observed for System ASC than has been reported for other mammalian cell types, with nearly every amino acid tested showing significant uptake by this system. In addition, the highest observed velocities of uptake were for System ASC. System L, defined by its sodium ion independency and inhibition by 2-aminobicyclo-[2,2,2]-heptane-2-carboxylic acid, was enhanced in activity by lowered pH. The starvation-induced enhancement in System A activity was prevented by the presence of a single substrate of this system, the nonmetabolizable analog 2-methylaminoisobutyric, or by the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. PMID- 7240148 TI - Activation of uterine smooth muscle adenylate cyclase by guanyl nucleotide. PMID- 7240149 TI - 15N tracer studies on the role of NO in denitrification. PMID- 7240150 TI - Cytochrome P-450 heme moiety. The specific target in drug-induced heme alkylation. AB - Exogenously administered heme is incorporated into rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 in vivo (Correia, M. A., Farrell, G. C. Schmid, R. S., Ortiz de Montellano, P. R., Yost, G. S., and Mico, B. A. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 15-17). This was demonstrated in allylisopropylacetamide (AIA)-treated rats by the formation of a radioactive adduct derived from the porphyrin of the administered [3H]heme and AIA. Formation of such adducts requires catalytic participation of cytochrome P 450 in oxidative metabolism of AIA to an active species which subsequently alkylates the prosthetic heme moiety of the cytochrome. These results suggested that the exogenous heme had been incorporated prosthetically into cytochrome P 450 prior to generation of the adduct. However, the possibility remained that a minute portion of the inactivating AIA-species escaped the catalytic site of the generating hemoprotein and alkylated the nonprosthetically bound isotopic heme. To examine this critical possibility, we have employed a chemical derivative of heme which binds to the microsomal membrane. Although this heme derivative is a structurally suitable target for attack by the inactivating drug species, we found that it was unsuitable for incorporation into the prosthetic site of cytochrome P-450. The findings of this study provide irrefutable evidence that the label recovered in drug-porphyrin adducts is derived exclusively from radioactive heme incorporated prosthetically into cytochrome P-450. Drug porphyrin adducts can therefore be used as reliable probes to follow the transfer of heme from the hepatic "free" heme pool into cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7240151 TI - Tryptophan residues of cholera toxin and its A and B protomers. Intrinsic fluorescence and solute quenching upon interacting with the ganglioside GM1, oligo-GM1, or dansylated oligo-GM1. PMID- 7240152 TI - Modification of adenylate cyclase structure and function by ammonium sulfate. PMID- 7240153 TI - Properties of methemoglobin reductase and kinetic study of methemoglobin reduction. AB - A soluble erythrocyte cytochrome b5 was purified as the substrate of methemoglobin reductase and an electron carrier to methemoglobin. The isoelectric point of this protein was at pH 4.3, and E0' was -0.010 at pH 7.0.. The Km value of the enzyme for this protein was 1 x 10(-4) M, and the turnover number (k5) was 3.4 x 10(4) min-1, with NADH as an electron donor at pH 7.0. The optimum pH of the enzyme was pH 4.6 for ferricyanide and pH 5.5 for cytochrome b5, with a shoulder of activity at pH 7 to 9 for both substrates. The rate equation which represents the reduction of either methemoglobin or cytochrome c was obtained as a function of methemoglobin or cytochrome c, methemoglobin reductase, and cytochrome b5 by considering the E . S complex for both reductase and cytochrome b5, and the rate constants involved were determined. The rate constants between methemoglobin and reduced cytochrome b5 (k1, M-1 min-1) were 1.6 x 10(4), 3.1 x 10(6), and 4.1 x 10(6) at pH 7.0, pH 5.2, and pH 5.0, respectively. The rate constants between the reduced enzyme and oxidized cytochrome b5 (k'3, M-1 min-1) were 4.3 x 10(8), 12 x 10(8), and 9.3 x 10(8) at pH 7.0, pH 5.2, and pH 5.0, respectively. The rate constant between reduced hemoglobin and oxidized cytochrome b5 (k2) was 35 M-1 min-1 at pH 7.0. The theoretical Km for methemoglobin was 2.1 M at an infinite enzyme concentration at pH 7.0 PMID- 7240154 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of the major early embryonic beta-like globin in chickens. AB - The rho globin is the major beta-like chain found in 5-day-old chick embryos. In association with two unique early embryonic alpha-like globins, it forms the two major hemoglobins of early chick development. This paper presents the complete amino acid sequence of the rho globin. There are no amino acid differences between the rho chain and the adult chicken beta chain at known Bohr effect or organophosphate-binding positions, and there are only 19 differences altogether. The rho globin ought to be functionally equivalent to the adult chicken beta globin. Since the adult and embryonic chains are very similar in sequence, they may be products of a relatively recent gene duplication in the chicken beta globin gene family. The possibility of a gene correction event is discussed. PMID- 7240155 TI - The structure of the lentil (Lens culinaris) lectin. Amino acid sequence determination and prediction of the secondary structure. AB - The subunit structure and complete amino acid sequence of the lectin extracted from Lens culinaris (LcL) seeds was determined. In previous studies, the primary structure of the alpha-chain (Mr = 5,710) was shown to be homologous to the alpha chain of the lectin from Pisum sativum, the Vicia cracca glucose-specific lectin, and a region in the middle of the concanavalin A sequence (residues 70-121). The complete amino acid sequence of the beta-chain (Mr = 17,572) has been determined from 11 tryptic peptides, 4 peptides derived by chemical cleavage of the beta chain at its three tryptophan residues, 11 peptides obtained after digestion with Staphylococcus aureus protease, and 5 tryptic peptides from the succinylated polypeptide chain. The extensive homologies by alignment of the alpha- and beta chains of the L. culinaris lectin with portions of concanavalin A situated between 1 to 45 and 70 to 237, suggest that the L. culinaris and Canavalia ensiformis lectins have evolved from each other. A comparison was made between the secondary structure of the C. ensiformis lectin and the probable secondary structure of the L. culinaris lectin as predicted by two different methods. The results indicate that the folding of these two polypeptides has been particularly well conserved during evolution. It is suggested that the L. culinaris lectin is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain and cleaved subsequently into two or possibly three fragments, two of which would be alpha and beta and the third a fragment homologous to portion 46 to 69 in concanavalin A. As in favin, the amino acids postulated to be involved in the formation of the hydrophobic cavity and the sugar and metal binding sites are highly conserved in L. culinaris lectin. PMID- 7240156 TI - Gelatin-binding domain-specific anti-human plasma fibronectin Fab' inhibits fibronectin-mediated gelatin binding but not cell spreading. AB - Antisera against a Mr = 60,000 peptide containing the gelatin-binding domain of human plasma fibronectin (McDonald, J. A., and Kelley, D. G. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8848-8858) bound the Mr = 60,000 peptide and intact fibronectin but not three other fragments released by leukocyte elastase proteinolysis (the Mr = 25,000 amino-terminal sequence, Mr = 140,000 sequence containing cell adhesive activity, and a Mr = 31,000 fragment). Affinity-purified Fab' blocked Mr = 60,000 peptide binding to gelatin and inhibited plasma and cellular fibronectin gelatin binding without affecting fibronectin-mediated cell spreading. In contrast, antifibronectin Fab' absorbed with the gelatin-binding fragment completely blocked fibronectin-mediated cell spreading. These data indicate that the gelatin binding domain of fibronectin is immunogenic, and antisera against this domain recognize cellular fibronectin gelatin-binding sites. Inhibition of gelatin binding but not cell spreading by anti-gelatin binding domain Fab' confirms the hypothesis that fibronectin has separate sites mediating these activities. Selective inhibition of fibronectin-collagen binding by domain-specific antisera may help elucidate the role of fibronectin in organization of the extracellular matrix. PMID- 7240157 TI - Characterization of the microheterogeneity in glycoproteins by 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy of glycopeptide preparations. Application to a monofucosylated tetra antennary glycopeptide fraction from human plasma alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. AB - Five hundred-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy was employed to study a monofucosylated tetra-antennary glycopeptide fraction which was derived from human plasma alpha 1 acid glycoprotein. This fraction was earlier judged to be homogeneous by 360-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopic analysis (Fournet, B., Montreuil, J., Strecker, G., Dorland, L., Haverkamp, J., Vliegenthart, J. F. G., Binette, J. P., and Schmid, K. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 5206-5214). The combination of the improved resolving power and the enhanced sensitivity of the 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectrometer afforded the elucidation of a new type of microheterogeneity with regard to the position of attachment of Fuc. Three isomeric compounds were identified. The major form contains Fuc alpha-(1 leads to 3) linked to GlcNac 7 of the tetra-antennary structure, as shown earlier. The two minor compounds, representing new structures, possess Fuc attached in alpha-(1 leads to 3) linkage to GlcNAc 7' or 5'. It is thus noteworthy that this spectral technique allows elucidation of structures of very closely related carbohydrate chains in a glycopeptide mixture. PMID- 7240158 TI - Carnitine:acylcarnitine translocase of rat heart mitochondria. Competition for carnitine uptake by carnitine esters. AB - The kinetic behavior of the carnitine:acylcarnitine translocase was studied in isolated rat heart mitochondria. The kinetic parameters, Km(apparent) and Vmax, for carnitine were determined by measuring the rates of influx of [14C]carnitine using two different methods to quench the exchange reaction. The range of the Km(app) was 0.38-1.50 mM and the Vmax was 0.20-0.34 nmol/mg . min by both methods. Carnitine esters of acetyl isobutyryl, and octanoyl groups were competitive with carnitine for uptake and Ki values for these esters were 1.1, 2.6, and 0.10 mM, respectively. The Km(app) for carnitine was increased in the presence of these carnitine esters, while the Vmax for carnitine was unchanged. Distribution of radiolabel from free [14C]carnitine into acetylcarnitine, isobutyrylcarnitine, and octanoylcarnitine during the incubations was examined by thin layer chromatography and was negligible. The Km values for carnitine and the Ki value for acetylcarnitine are within the concentration ranges of these compounds in the intact heart (Idell-Wenger, J. A., Grotyohann, L. W., and Neely, J. R. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 4310-4318). the Ki values for isobutyrylcarnitine and octanoylcarnitine may also be within their concentration ranges in vivo, but exact concentrations in heart muscle are not known. These data support the concept that carnitine esters of short (acetylcarnitine), branched (isobutyrylcarnitine), and medium (octanoylcarnitine) chain acyl groups compete with free carnitine for transport into the mitochondria under physiological conditions. PMID- 7240159 TI - Incorporation of radioactive tubulin into microtubules at steady state. Experimental and theoretical analysis of the effect of podophyllotoxin. AB - Addition of a substoichiometric amount of podophyllotoxin to microtubules which are at steady state decreases the rate of incorporation of radioactive subunits into the microtubules. The magnitude of this effect depends on the fraction of the total number of each of the microtubule ends which is capped by tubulin podophyllotoxin subunits; these fractions depend on the concentration of podophyllotoxin used. A quantitative relationship is presented which correlates the extent of tubulin-podophyllotoxin capping of the microtubule ends with alterations in the rate for steady state subunit incorporation. An analysis based upon this relationship reveals that tubulin-podophyllotoxin caps both ends of the microtubule. Previously proposed mechanisms which involve tubulin-podophyllotoxin capping at only one end of the microtubule are analyzed. PMID- 7240160 TI - Modulation of rat liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase by lipid inhibitors, substrates, and cytosolic factors. PMID- 7240161 TI - Ovalbumin subfractionation and individual difference in ovalbumin microheterogeneity. AB - Purified ovalbumin from hen egg white was fractionated by concanavalin A (Con A)/Sepharose chromatography. Four major fractions were separated, one unadsorbed fraction OA, followed by a minor fraction OA', and three adsorbed fractions OB, OC, and OD. The recovery was over 90%. Fractional ratios (OA:OB:OC:OD) were 16:6:37:41. The amino acid composition of the four fractions were quite similar. Galactose was only detected in OA, and the mannose content in OD was high as compared to that of the other fractions. The glycopeptide resulting from pepsin digestion of ovalbumin was also fractionated by Con A/Sepharose. Four fractions were obtained, and they corresponded to fractions OA, OB, OC, and OD. The amino acid compositions of the peptides were identical, indicating that they were derived from the same region in ovalbumin. In order to study individual differences in ovalbumin microheterogeneity, ovalbumin samples prepared from individual eggs were subfractionated on Con A/Sepharose. Four ovalbumin samples prepared from the eggs of a single hen revealed the same elution profile and the same fractional ratios. Fractional ratios of 17 individual preparations varied from 7:2:19:72 to 27:5:40:28 (OA:OB:OC:OD). A constant relation was found among the fractional ratios: the OB, OC and OD contents were dependent on the OA content, and the proportion of OD was in inverse relation to those of OA and OC. The OB content was low and did not change in all ranges of OA content. The present observations indicate that a single hen produces ovalbumin with qualitatively and quantitatively similar carbohydrate chains by unknown mechanisms; moreover, individual differences exist in ovalbumin microheterogeneity which follow constant patterns. PMID- 7240163 TI - Fluorescence and kinetic studies on the divalent metal ion induced conformational changes in DNase a. AB - DNase a has a broad, asymmetric fluorescence emission peak centered at 341 nm. Binding of Ca2+ of Mg2+ to DNase shifted the peak to 342 nm and caused a 10% fluorescence enhancement. Half of the maximum change occurred at 6 x 10(-5) M Ca2+ or at 6 x 10(-4) M Mg2+. The change in fluorescence is most likely due to a conformational change in DNase which occurs when Ca2+ or Mg2+ is bound to the nonspecific tight Ca2+ binding site on DNase. The kinetics of the fluorescence change, followed by stopped flow techniques, show a fast phase (65%) and a slow phase (35%). At 1 mM Ca2+, the half-time for the fast phase is 17 ms, and for the slow phase, 3.5 min. Both phases of the reaction are first order in DNase and independent of Ca2+ at concentrations above 1 mM. DNase incubated with Ca2+ undergoes a slow (t 1/2 approximately equal to 6 min) 1.5-fold increase in activity. This activation follows pseudo-first order kinetics and is not due to the presence of additional Ca2+ in the substrate. The simplest hypothesis which accounts for these data, and previously reported studies on the effect of Ca2+ on DNase, is that DNase exists in 3 conformational states at 25 degrees C and pH 7.5. The kinetics are consistent with a mechanism which can be diagrammed as: (formula: see text) where A, A, and B represent three conformational states of DNase. PMID- 7240164 TI - The amino acid sequence of bovine intestinal calcium-binding protein. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the vitamin D-dependent bovine intestinal calcium-binding protein (minor A component) has been determined: Lys-Ser-Pro-Glu Glu-Leu-Lys-Gly-Ile-Phe-Glu-Lys-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Lys-Glu-Gly-Asp-Pro-Asn-Gln-Leu-Ser Lys-Glu-Glu-Leu-Lys-Leu-Leu-Leu-Gln-Thr-Glu-Phe-Pro-Ser-Leu-Le u-Lys-Gly-Pro-Ser Thr-Leu-Asp-Glu-Leu-Phe-Glu-Glu-Leu-Asp-Lys-Asn-Gly-Asp-Gly-Glu-Val-Ser-Phe-Glu Glu-Phe-Gln-Val-Leu-Val-Lys-Lys-Ile-Ser-Gln-OH. It is a 75-residue protein (computed Mr = 8501), contains a single Tyr, and is devoid of Cys, Met, Trp, His, and Arg. The bulk of the sequence was determined by automated sequencing of: (i) the intact protein for 20 cycles; (ii) a large N-bromosuccinimide peptide for 37 cycles; (iii) a tryptic peptide (29 cycles), isolated by high performance liquid chromatography. Also described is a highly sensitive and rapid procedure for peptide mapping by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7240162 TI - Differential response to kidney mitochondrial calcium-regulating mixed function oxidases to thyrotoxicosis. AB - Induction of hyperthyroidism in chicks by 6 consecutive daily injections of either L-thyroxine, 40 microgram/100 g of body weight, or 3,3',5'-triiodo-L thyronine, 4 microgram/100 g of body weight, suppresses kidney mitochondrial 25 hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase activity by 50% but is stimulates severalfold the 24-hydroxylation of the substrate in the same organelle. Plasma calcium concentrations of vitamin D3-deficient or normal birds, 1.68 and 3.47 mM, respectively, do not change significantly in response to the two thyroid hormones. However, plasma phosphorus concentration in the vitamin D3-deficient birds increases markedly from 1.47 to 2.70 mM. A slight increase was noted in the plasma phosphorus level of normal birds receiving the hormones. The present study suggests that alterations in the enzymatic metabolism of vitamin D3 in the kidney are responsible for the disturbances of mineral balance in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7240165 TI - Differences in the post-translational processing of beta-endorphin in rat anterior and intermediate pituitary. AB - The immunoactive beta-endorphin-related material in extracts of rat anterior and intermediate/posterior pituitary was separated by ion exchange chromatography on sulfopropyl-Sephadex (Zakarian, S., and Smyth, D. G. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 5972-5976). The profile of beta-endorphin immunoactivity in rat anterior pituitary was distinctly different from that found in intermediate/posterior pituitary. In the rat anterior pituitary, most of the immunoactivity co-migrated with synthetic camel beta-endorphin(1-31); in the intermediate/posterior pituitary, only about 10% of the immunoactivity co migrated with camel beta-endorphin(1-31). In rat anterior pituitary cell suspensions incubated with [3H]tyrosine for 6 h or 48 h, material co-migrating with camel beta-endorphin(1-31) was the major final posttranslational product related to beta-endorphin. This material was reanalyzed by chromatography on sulfopropyl-Sephadex, analyzed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 in 6 M guanidine HCl, and digested with pronase and trypsin. In every analysis, the major peak of [3H]tyrosine-labeled anterior pituitary beta-endorphin was indistinguishable from camel beta-endorphin(1-31). PMID- 7240166 TI - Further analysis of post-translational processing of beta-endorphin in rat intermediate pituitary. AB - Rat intermediate pituitary cells maintained in culture synthesize the same forms of beta-endorphin observed in intermediate pituitary extracts. Biosynthetically labeled intermediate pituitary beta-endorphin-sized material was fractionated by ion exchange chromatography on sulfopropyl-Sephadex and the identities of the major peaks were determined by co-chromatography with synthetic marker peptides, gel filtration, and analysis of pronase, chymotrypsin, and trypsin digests. Peaks of alpha-N-acetyl-beta-endorphin(1-27), alpha-N-acetyl-beta-endorphin(1-31), and beta-endorphin(1-31) were identified and a fourth peak (eluting from the sulfopropyl-Sephadex column at 0.18 M NaCl) was tentatively identified as alpha-N acetyl-beta-endorphin(1-26). Analysis of beta-endorphin synthesized in the presence of [35S]methionine and [3H]histidine confirmed the absence of His in the material eluting at 0.18 M NaCl. Based on both steady labeling and pulse-chase incubations, beta-endorphin(1-31) was the first form of labeled beta-endorphin sized material to appear in cell extracts. This molecule was quickly N-acetylated on its NH2-terminal tyrosine residue and was then more slowly converted to alpha N-acetyl-beta-endorphin(1-27) and then to alpha-N-acetyl-beta-endorphin(1-26). PMID- 7240168 TI - Methotrexate resistance in al L1210 cell line resulting from increased dihydrofolate reductase, decreased thymidylate synthetase activity, and normal membrane transport. Computer simulations based on network thermodynamics. PMID- 7240167 TI - Transcriptional regulation of the mouse metallothionein-I gene by heavy metals. AB - Administration of Cd, Zn, Cu, or Hg increases the rate of transcription from the metallothionein-I gene in mouse liver and kidney. Maximal transcription rates occur 1 h after Cd administration in both tissues. Metallothionein-I mRNA levels, measured by cDNA hybridization, and metallothionein protein synthesis, measured by [35S]cysteine incorporation, increase simultaneously, reaching maximal levels about 4 h after Cd administration. Cd also induces metallothionein-I mRNA in all other tissues examined (spleen, heart, skeletal muscle, brain, and intestine) except testes. Comparison of the inductions by Cd and Hg shows that the kinetics of metallothionein-I mRNA accumulation as well as the stability of the resultant metallothioneins differ. PMID- 7240169 TI - Isolation and physicochemical characterization of electrolectin, a beta-D galactoside binding lectin from the electric organ of Electrophorus electricus. AB - Electrolectin, a beta-D-galactoside binding lectin, has been isolated from the electric organ of the electric eel Electrophorus electricus. Electrolectin is purified 1000-fold with a yield of 10 mg/kg of tissue by steps including low speed centrifugation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and affinity chromatography on a lactosyl-Sepharose column. Electrolectin is a dimer composed of two subunits. The molecular weight of the monomer is around 16,500 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. The molecular weight of the dimer determined by equilibrium sedimentation is 32,500 +/- 750. The electrolectin monomer is composed of 144 amino acids and 2.2 +/- 0.45 carbohydrate. It contains one tryptophan but cysteine and metals are absent. The exposure of electrolectin to O2 destroys its hemagglutination activity, abolishes its UV fluorescence and shifts its UV absorption maximum from 287 nm to 250 nm. The oxidation of tryptophan to oxindole is prevented by lactose. The strict requirement of reducing agents for the maintenance of electrolectin agglutination activity is explained by the need to prevent the oxidation of a tryptophan residue in the lactose-binding site. The quantum yields of electrolectin and its complex with lactose are pH dependent and reach a maximal value of 0.4 at neutral pH. The binding constant of lactose to electrolectin is also pH dependent. These data and their temperature dependence stress the important contribution of ionizable groups in the binding of lactose. The latter stabilizes the dimeric structure of electrolectin. PMID- 7240170 TI - On the mechanism of action of cytochrome P-450. Role of peroxy spectral intermediates in substrate hydroxylation. PMID- 7240171 TI - Proton: substrate stoichiometries during active transport of biogenic amines in chromaffin ghosts. AB - The relationship between the electrochemical proton gradient (delta mu-H+) and the electrochemical gradient for biogenic amines (delta mu-A) was investigated in isolated chromaffin ghosts free of endogenous components and gradients. The addition of ATP to a ghost suspension resulted in the generation of a large proton concentration gradient (delta pH), acidic inside (measured by [14C] methylamine distribution), and a large proton electrical gradient (delta psi), positive inside (measured by [14C]-thiocyanate distribution). In the presence of this large electrochemical proton gradient, the accumulation of [14C]5 hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) and other biogenic amines rapidly reached an apparent steady state level. Collapse of the proton gradients after steady state levels were achieved resulted in the efflux of the accumulated amines. Uptake in the presence of a delta psi alone produced an amine gradient equal to the magnitude of the delta psi, while in the presence of a delta pH alone biogenic amine distribution was equal to twice the magnitude of the delta pH. Using additions of ammonia or thiocyanate, it was possible to vary the magnitude of the electrochemical proton gradient over a wide range of values; the driving force for amine accumulation under these conditions was found to be equal to delta psi- 2Z delta pH (where Z = 2.3 RT/F). The results, which provide unequivocal evidence for the primary role of the electrochemical proton gradient in the active transport of biogenic amines, are consistent with a model based on the chemiosmotic hypothesis, of an obligatory coupling of amine influx and proton efflux, mediated via a putative reserpine-sensitive translocator. Measurement of the stoichiometry of this coupling of H+ and amines permits conclusions concerning the molecular mechanism of amino accumulation. PMID- 7240172 TI - Chemical and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the blood group M and N active sialoglycopeptides from human glycophorin A. AB - The NH2-terminal sialoglycopeptides from human erythrocyte glycophorin A have been obtained by specific proteolytic cleavage and gel filtration chromatography. By cyanogen bromide cleavage, a glycosylated octapeptide was obtained from blood group M donors having an amino acid composition and 13C NMR spectrum consistent with the structure (formula: see text) was demonstrated. By Staphylococcus aureus protease cleavage, a glycosylated pentapeptide was obtained from N donors having the same structure as II, without the carboxyl-terminal sequence Val . Ala . Hse. Methanolysis/gas chromatographic analysis and 13C NMR spectroscopy of I and II and their asialo derivatives reveal that the M- and N-active sialoglyco octapeptides both have identical oligosaccharide structures, each containing three O-linked tetrasaccharides with the structure NeuNAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1 3(NeuNAc alpha 2-6)GalNAc alpha 1-O-Ser(Thr). The demonstration of the anomeric form of GalNAc-peptide linkages revealed by 13C NMR has previously been inaccessible by chemical analysis. Conformationally, I and II appear identical and both manifest several unusual resonance shifts suggestive of a glycopeptide secondary structure involving four specific hydrogen bonds. Calcium ion titration was also found to induce shifts in the NeuNAc 13C resonances that may be of functional significance. Serological studies reveal that both the M and N glyco octapeptides and the N glyco-pentapeptide retain all of the M and N activity of the parent structure. Deamination and/or desialylation completely destroys this activity. These data are consistent with a model in which the M or N determinant is the NH2-terminal amino acid and a NeuNAc residue(s). From these data it is concluded that there is no chemical basis for assertions in the literature that M and N antigens differ in their oligosaccharide structure or that the N antigen is biosynthetically transformed to the M antigen by sialylation. PMID- 7240173 TI - Primary structure of the major coat protein of the filamentous bacterial viruses, If1 and Ike. AB - The primary structures of the major coat proteins from If1 and Ike filmentous coliphages have been determined by automated Edman degradation before and after cyanogen bromide cleavage and by manual sequencing of certain tryptic peptides. Carboxypeptidase A and B digestion was also used to determine the sequence of the COOH termini of these proteins. A comparison of the major coat proteins from these two phages with those from other filamentous phages show that they all share several common features, namely an asymmetric distribution of positively and negatively charged amino acid residues, which are clustered with the COOH terminal and NH2-terminal regions respectively, and a region of 19 residues which is located in the middle of the polypeptide chain. The consequences of this charge distribution for a possible mechanism of virus maturation are discussed. PMID- 7240174 TI - Structural integrity of DNA and translational integrity of ribosomes in nuclease treated cell-free protein synthesizing systems prepared from wheat germ and rabbit reticulocytes. AB - After treatment at a microsomal nuclease concentration too low to reduce the endogenous amino acid-incorporating activity of freshly prepared reticulocyte lysate, there is little, if any, intact 26 S RNA left in the ribosomes of either wheat germ or rabbit reticulocyte cell-free protein synthesizing extracts. The primary scissions, probably at highly exposed sites in the rRNA of plant and animal ribosomes, produce two fragments which remain complexed until thermal denaturation reveals "hidden breaks." Molecular weights of the fragments are approximately 0.5 x 10(6) and 0.8 x 10(6) in the case of wheat, and 0.4 x 10(6) and 1.3 x 10(6) in the case of rabbit. There is little perceptible degradation of 5 S, 5.8 S, and 18 S rRNA, or of tRNA in the same extracts. Even though limited degradation of 26 S rRNA by a reticulocyte nuclease has been reported to severely impair the translational mechanism in reticulocyte ribosomes, micrococcal nuclease-induced degradation of rRNA, whether limited or extensive, does not seriously impair the ability of reticulocyte lysates to discriminate, by selective polypeptide synthesis, between complex populations of cellular mRNA. In an allied study, it is shown that under conditions well suited to recovery of the 5.8 S/26 S rRNA complex, with its naturally occurring hidden break, 5 S/18 S rRNA complexing is not detectable in the RNA or metabolizing embryos, nor in the RNA from untreated or nuclease-treated protein synthesizing extracts from wheat and rabbit. The significance of this finding is briefly elaborated in relation to the suggestion that 5 S rRNA may interact with the M2(6)A-m2(6)A hairpin near the 3' end of 18 S rRNA. PMID- 7240175 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of a membrane receptor for glycoproteins. Sequence of the chicken hepatic lectin. AB - The chicken hepatic lectin is involved in the clearance of glycoproteins from circulation (Kawasaki, T., and Ashwell, G. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 6536-6543). The complete amino acid sequence of chicken hepatic lectin has been established by analysis of peptides generated by chemical cleavage at methionine or tryptophan residues. Larger BrCN fragments were further digested with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and clostripain. All sequences were determined by automated sequential Edman degradation. Extensive use was made of high performance liquid chromatography in the purification of peptides and identification of phenylthiohydantoin derivatives of amino acids. The complete sequence is: (formula: see text). The stretch of uncharged amino acids from residue 25 to 48 is a possible membrane-interaction region. Carbohydrate is attached to residue 67. PMID- 7240176 TI - Vesicle-mediated transfer of phospholipids to plasma membrane during cell aggregation of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - We have previously reported that synthesis of phospholipids increases 4-fold at the onset of chemotactic migration during development of Dictyostelium discoideum and that the newly synthesized phospholipids are preferentially incorporated into the plasma membrane (De Silva, N. S. and Siu, C-H. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8489-8496). To test the hypothesis that the rapid transfer of phospholipids to the plasma membrane is mediated by vesicles, we isolated phospholipid-rich vesicles from cells at 6 h of development. These vesicles had an average size of 0.35 micrometer in diameter. They banded at a density of 1.097 g/cm3 and they had a phospholipid: protein (w/w) ratio of 2.25. The predominant classes of phospholipids in these vesicles were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. In pulse-labeling studies using [3H]glycerol, these low density vesicles had the highest phospholipid-specific activity, which was about 3 times higher than that of 6-h plasma membranes. Almost 80% of the incorporated radioactivity was found to be associated with phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. When cells were chased with cold precursor after pulse labeling, the specific activity of these vesicles dropped by almost 20-fold in 90 min, while plasma membranes showed a 2.5-fold increase in 60 min. Addition of colchicine to 7-h cells inhibited the translocation of newly synthesized phospholipids to the plasma membrane. The low density vesicles were found in much reduced amounts in preaggregation stage cells or the aggregateless mutant WL3. These results indicate that transfer of newly synthesized phospholipids from their site of synthesis to the plasma membrane probably occurs through a special class of phospholipid-rich vesicles. PMID- 7240177 TI - Characterization of crystals of tetrameric manganese superoxide dismutase from Thermus thermophilus HB8. AB - The tetrameric manganese superoxide dismutase from the extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus HB8 crystallizes in space group P41212 (or its enantiomorph) with a = b = 147.5 A, c = 55.9 A. The diffraction patterns extent to 1.4 A, and the crystals are very resistant to decay induced by x-irradiation. Measurements of the crystal density in Ficoll gradients are consistent with an asymmetric unit containing the entire tetramer (Mr = 80,000). PMID- 7240178 TI - Bandeiraea simplicifolia I isolectins reveal a development sequential relationship. AB - We have analyzed the distribution of the five tetrameric Bandeiraea simplicifolia I isolectins (A4, A3b, A2B2, AB3, B4) isolated by melibionate Bio-Gel affinity chromatography from 168 single seeds gathered in Ghana from known trees and pods. Alkaline, nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was employed to analyze the distribution of the five isolectins. The polyacrylamide gels were scanned at 625 nm and the peak height corresponding to each isolectin was measured and expressed as a percentage of the total of peak height. Principal components analysis of the correlations among the percentages indicated a sequential relationship among the five isolectins with the concentrations of B4 and A4 inversely related. Further statistical analyses indicated that although the distribution of isolectins in each seed was unique, seeds gathered from the same tree were more similar than seeds gathered from different trees. Several causes of this sequential relationship are discussed. PMID- 7240179 TI - A membrane-impermeant, cleavable cross-linker. Dimers of human erythrocyte band 3 subunits cross-linked at the extracytoplasmic membrane face. AB - We have synthesized diisethionyl-3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate (DIDIT), a new membrane-impermeant, cleavable protein cross-linking reagent designed for probing protein organization at one face of a membrane. Rabbit muscle aldolase were reacted in solution with DIDIT and the products were electrophoresed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. When electrophoresed under nonreducing conditions, the gels contain bands corresponding to oligomers of aldolase, while pretreatment with dithiothreitol to cleave the cross-link prior to electrophoresis results in gels containing primarily the band corresponding to aldolase monomer. These experiments demonstrate that DIDIT is a cleavable protein cross-linker. Reaction of isolated human erythrocyte membranes with DIDIT leads to extensive cross-linking of spectrin, band 3, and band 6, and residual hemoglobin, consistent with results previously obtained with permeant cross linkers. In contrast, when intact human erythrocytes are cross-linked with DIDIT, hemoglobin and the cytoplasmic face membrane proteins are not cross-linked, but band 3, which is accessible at the extracytoplasmic face of the membrane, is cross-linked to dimers. PMID- 7240180 TI - The molecular structure of lubricating glycoprotein-I, the boundary lubricant for articular cartilage. AB - Lubricating glycoprotein-I (LGP-I) was prepared from bovine synovial fluid by density gradient sedimentation and gel-permeation chromatography. The LGP-I sample obtained was able to lubricate articular cartilage in a manner equivalent to that of whole synovial fluid. Chemical, physical, and electron microscope measurements were carried out to determine the structure of the LGP-I molecules. The molecular weight calculated from sedimentation equilibrium measurements was 2 X 10(5), and the solute distribution obtained indicated that LGP-I was relatively monodisperse. The s(0)20,w value was 4.84, and the intrinsic viscosity was 92 ml/g. The molecular weight and diffusion coefficient calculated from later light scattering measurements was 2.06 x 10(5) and 1.10 x 10(-7) cm2/s, respectively. The electron microscope measurements showed that the LGP-I molecules had a number average length of 204 nm, a weight average length of 222 nm (with a standard deviation of 54 nm), and a width of 1-2 nm. These data and the kinked appearance of the molecules indicate that LGP-I is a partially extended flexible rod. The hydrodynamic measurements also indicate that LGP-I has the same structure in solution, although the apparently high s(0)20,w value, compared to other rod-like molecules, suggests that due to its flexibility LGP-I can occupy a more compact domain than would be expected based on its extended dimensions. The name of "lubricin" is suggested for this lubricating glycoprotein. PMID- 7240181 TI - The isolation, purification, and characterization of the collagen of Cysticercus cellulosae. AB - Insoluble collagen fibrils were obtained from Cysticercus cellulosae after homogenization and treatment with NaCl/mercaptoethanol solutions and were solubilized after limited pepsin digestion. Solubilized Cysticercus collagen shows two different alpha subunits in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular weight of 100,000 and is readily degraded by bacterial collagenase. The amino acid composition is characteristic of collagen except that it contains no hydroxyproline. Segment long spacing crystallites measuring 280 nm in length were prepared. These segments showed a band pattern different from that of vertebrate and other invertebrate collagens. The denaturation temperature at neutral pH was 35 degrees C and correlated with the total pyrrolidine content as observed for other collagens. An intrinsic viscosity value of 15.3 dl/g was obtained for this collagen. Its possible evolutionary relationship with other collagens is discussed. PMID- 7240182 TI - Differential regulation of the messenger RNA for three major senescence marker proteins in male rat liver. AB - Changes in the mRNAs coding for specific hepatic proteins in male rats during aging were examined by in vitro translation of the liver mRNA in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Characterization of the [35S]methionine-labeled translation products by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography showed major age-dependent changes in the hepatic concentrations of three mRNA species. The translation products of these three mRNAs were found to have Mr = 28,500, 26,300, and 19,500 and are called senescence marker proteins (SMP) 1, 2, 3, respectively. On the basis of its immunochemical reactivity, SMP-3 (Mr = 19,500) is identified as alpha 2u-globulin while the mRNAs for SMP-1 (Mr = 28,500) and SMP-2 (Mr = 26,300) code for two yet uncharacterized proteins. The liver of the prepubertal male rats was found to contain the mRNA for SMP-2 and showed almost complete absence of the mRNAs for SMP-1 and SMP-3. However, the mRNAs for both SMP-1 and SMP-3 were present in the postpubertal young adults while the mRNA for SMP-2 was absent. Finally, when the animals reached senescence, the mRNAs for SMP-1 and SMP-3 disappeared from the liver with the reappearance of the SMP-2 mRNA. Age-dependent regulation of the mRNAs for these three senescence marker proteins can serve as an important model for the study of differential gene expression during aging. PMID- 7240183 TI - Calcium specifically stimulates prolactin synthesis and messenger RNA sequences in GH3 cells. AB - Addition of CaCl2 (0.4 mM) to GH3 cells incubated in a serum-free, Ca2+-free medium increased relative prolactin synthesis (prolactin synthesis/total protein synthesis) 7- to 150-fold by 3-4 days, but had no effect on relative growth hormone synthesis. Half-maximal and maximal stimulation of relative prolactin synthesis occurred at about 0.07 and 0.2 mM CaCl2, respectively. Neither MgCl2 (0.4 mM) nor KCl 0.4 mM) affected relative prolactin synthesis. 32P-labeled rat prolactin and growth hormone cDNA plasmids were employed to measure by RNA gel blot hybridization changes in cytoplasmic levels of the corresponding mRNA sequences. Both prolactin mRNA sequence levels and translatable prolactin mRNA increased in parallel with the CaCl2-induced increase in relative prolactin synthesis. CaCl2 increased prolactin mRNA sequences by 7- to 200-fold, without affecting growth hormone mRNA sequence levels. Dexamethasone (100 nM) decreased prolactin mRNA sequences in cells incubated with CaCl2, antagonized the CaCl2 induced increases in prolactin mRNA sequences independently of the CaCl2 concentration. PMID- 7240184 TI - Primary structure of the signal peptide of tropoelastin b. AB - Elastin is a major protein of compliant connective tissue and is characterized by an amino acid composition abundant in nonpolar residues. The soluble precursor to elastin tropoelastin, is extractable in organic solvents and possesses an extensive clustering of nonpolar amino acid residues in the immediate NH2 terminal region (Foster, J. A., Shapiro, R., Voynow, P., Crombie, G., Faris, B., and Franzblau, C. (1975) Biochemistry 14, 857-864). It was, therefore, of special interest to determine whether tropoelastin requires a hydrophobic signal peptide for vectorial transport of the nascent polypeptide. The possibility that the initial tropoelastin translation product possesses a short signal peptide was examined in a cell-free translation system. Total RNA, isolated from aortae of 1 day-old chicks, was translated in an mRNA-dependent reticulocyte lysate translation assay. The translation products were then immunoprecipitated and subjected to automated radiosequencing. Comparison of the NH2-terminal sequence of tropoelastin b synthesized in the cell-free system versus that synthesized in organ culture demonstrated the presence of a signal peptide 24 amino acid residues in length. The signal peptide sequence is as follows: Met-Arg-Gln-Ala Ala-Ala-Pro-Leu-Leu-Pro-Gly-Val-Leu-Leu-Leu-Phe-Ser-Ile-Leu-Pro -Ala-Ser-Gln-Gln. The preponderance of hydrophobic amino acid residues as well as the polar residues adjacent to the initiator methionine and the carboxyl termini found in the signal peptide is similar to that reported for other secreted proteins. PMID- 7240185 TI - The stereochemical course of the reaction catalyzed by creatine kinase. AB - Adenosine [gamma-(S)-16O, 17O, 18O]triphosphate has been used as a substrate in the reaction catalyzed by creatine kinase, and the configuration at phosphorus in the product [16O, 17O, 18O]phosphocreatine has been determined. The reaction proceeds with inversion of the configuration, consistent with the emerging pattern of behavior among the phosphokinases. This result, coupled with recently published data from NMR, ESR, and infrared studies of ternary and quaternary complexes od creatine kinase with its substrates and inhibitors, defines the enzyme-catalyzed transphosphorylation as an associative in-line transfer of the phosphoryl group between the bound substrates. PMID- 7240186 TI - Conversion of UMP, an allosteric inhibitor of carbamyl phosphate synthetase, to an activator by modification of the UMP ribose moiety. AB - UMP is known to be an allosteric inhibitor of carbamyl phosphate synthetase, whereas IMP activates the enzyme. Surprisingly, dialdehyde UMP (prepared by periodate oxidation of UMP) was found to be a potent activator of the enzyme. Dialdehyde IMP, like IMP, produced activation. The corresponding dialcohol analogs of UMP and IMP (prepared by borohydride reduction of the dialdehyde analogs) had no effect on activity. These nucleotide interactions were further characterized by sedimentation velocity studies and by examination of the effects of inorganic phosphate on enzymatic activity. Although UMP promotes formation of an enzyme dimer, and IMP promotes formation of a tetramer (Powers, S. G., Meister, A., and Haschemeyer, R. H. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 1554-1558), the dialdehyde analogs of UMP and IMP both promote formation of mixed species. Low levels (less than 10 mM) of inorganic phosphate decrease the extent of activation by IMP, dialdehyde IMP, and dialdehyde UMP, but increase the extent of inhibition by UMP. The marked activation observed with dialdehyde UMP, and other considerations, suggest that the binding sites on the enzyme for IMP and UMP may overlap substantially. The findings also suggest that physiological levels of inorganic phosphate function in the modulation of the allosteric regulation of this enzyme by nucleotides. PMID- 7240188 TI - Glucocorticoids regulate the glucocorticoid receptor in the AtT-20 cell. AB - Incubation of AtT-20/D-1 mouse pituitary tumor cells with glucocorticoids leads to a progressive diminution in the number of cellular glucocorticoid receptors. Control incubations demonstrate that non-glucocorticoids don't cause this depletion and that the decrease is not due to deleterious alterations in the incubation medium or degradation of the steroid. Incubation of cells with 0.5 micrograms/ml of cycloheximide alone does not dramatically diminish receptor content. However, incubation of cells with both cycloheximide and dexamethasone results in receptor depletion, suggesting that depletion involves enhanced receptor degradation. The cell's ability to bind glucocorticoids can be regenerated by a 24- to 48-h incubation in steroid-free medium. However, unlike the depletion step, the repletion process is sensitive to cycloheximide. PMID- 7240187 TI - ADP-arsenate. Formation by submitochondrial particles under phosphorylating conditions. AB - Submitochondrial particles from beef heart mitochondria synthesize ADP-arsenate from ADP and arsenate when energized by succinate. The ADP-arsenate formed hydrolyzes rapidly and this is almost certainly the mechanism by which arsenate "uncouples" oxidative phosphorylation. When sufficient hexokinase is present, a substantial portion of the ADP-arsenate formed reacts with glucose to form glucose 6-arsenate and ADP. The glucose 6-arsenate thus formed hydrolyzes, at pH 7.5 and 30 degrees C, under the conditions used, with a rate constant of 5.5 X 10(-4) s-1 and is a substrate for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7240189 TI - Glycoprotein biosynthesis in calf pituitary. Chemical characterization of mannose and glucose-radiolabeled oligosaccharides. PMID- 7240190 TI - The reaction of chloroperoxidase with chlorite and chlorine dioxide. AB - Chloroperoxidase catalyzes the dismutation of chlorite-forming chloride, chlorine dioxide, chlorate, and oxygen as products. The yields of chlorine dioxide are variable because chloroperoxidase also catalyzes the decomposition of this compound and, in addition, moderate concentrations of chlorine dioxide inactivate the enzyme. Chloride, chlorate, and oxygen are the products of the decomposition of chlorine dioxide. The optimum pH for the enzymic of decomposition of both chlorite and chlorine dioxide is approximately pH 2.75. At this pH, 1 mole of chlorine dioxide is dismutated to 0.3 mole of chloride, 0.7 mol of chlorate, and 0.17 mole of oxygen. At the same pH, the complete decomposition of 1 mole of chlorite yields 0.4 mole of chloride, 0.6 mole of chlorate, and 0.13 mole of oxygen. During the inactivation of chloroperoxidase by chlorine dioxide, the Soret absorption band of the native enzyme is completely lost, and the enzyme becomes chlorinated. Kinetic parameters for the chlorite reaction have been determined. The Km value for chlorite obtained from various kinetic plots was about 10 mM. The catalytic rate constant for the formation of chlorine dioxide from chlorite was about 70,000 s-1. PMID- 7240191 TI - Proton magnetic resonance determination of the relative heme orientations in disordered native and reconstituted ferricytochrome b5. Assignment of heme resonances by deuterium labeling. PMID- 7240193 TI - Characterization of nucleotide-binding site of rabbit liver fructose-1,6 bisphosphate aldolase. PMID- 7240192 TI - Reversible methylation of cytoskeletal and membrane proteins in intact human erythrocytes. AB - Membrane protein methylation was studied in intact human erythrocytes. Erythrocytes were incubated with physiological concentrations of L [methyl]3H]methionine and incorporated 35 pmol of methyl groups into membrane components/mg of membrane protein in a 2.5-hr incubation at 37 degrees C. At least 90% of the total groups (12,500 methyl groups/cell) were incorporated into polypeptides via linkages which were labile to 1 N NaOH. Major methylated membrane polypeptides were identified based on the comigration of radioactivity with Coomassie blue- and periodic acid-Schiff-staining species in pH 2.4 dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, as well as by the distribution of radiolabel and protein following selective proteolysis and membrane extraction procedures. Methylated species identified in this way include the cytoskeletal polypeptides band 2.1 (ankyrin) and band 4.1, as well as the band 3 anion transport protein. Other methylated species include an intrinsic polypeptide comigrating with band 3 but insensitive to external chymotrypsin digestion, a glycoprotein showing variable migration in this gel system (40,000-55,000 daltons), an intrinsic polypeptide at about 30,000 daltons, and an extrinsic species of about 17,000 daltons. A small amount of radioactivity comigrated with the band 4.5 region. Bands 1, 2, 4.2, 5, 6, 7, and the major sialoglycoprotein were not methylated in this system. All of the methylated species exhibited turnover in vivo, and the time taken to reach 50% demethylation for each species ranged from less than 2 to 29 h. PMID- 7240195 TI - Bile acid synthesis. Metabolism of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid in the hamster. AB - Synthesis of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-[1,2-3H]cholenoic acid has permitted a study of its metabolism in bile-fistula hamsters that received the compound by intravenous infusion. Metabolites in bile were identified by reverse isotope dilution after their complete resolution by high pressure liquid chromatography using muPorasil. Recovery of administered radioactivity ranged from 21-60% in three animals. In each study, lithocholic acid (0.8-4.4%) and chenodeoxycholic acid (7.8-11.3%) were identified as metabolites of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoate and can be considered primary bile acids in the side-chain pathway of bile acid synthesis beginning with the oxidation of cholesterol to 26-hydroxycholesterol. PMID- 7240194 TI - Testicular microsomal cytochrome P-450 for C21 steroid side chain cleavage. Spectral and binding studies. AB - Kinetic and binding studies were performed with a purified microsomal cytochrome P-450 from neonatal pig testis, the C21 side chain cleavage system (17 alpha hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase). Binding of substrates and inhibitors was measured by spectral methods and by equilibrium dialysis. Kinetic data revealed that pregnenolone inhibits lyase activity with 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone as substrate (Ki, 0.3 microM) and that progesterone inhibits lyase activity with 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (Ki, 1.5 microM); inhibition is competitive in both cases. Binding and kinetic studies revealed that Km, Ks, and Kd (Michaelis constant and dissociation constants determined by spectral and dialysis methods, respectively) are all considerably lower for the delta 5 substrates than for the corresponding delta 4 compounds. Equilibrium dialysis shows that there is a single binding site for the substrates of both activities (hydroxylase and lyase). Spectral studies revealed a lag in the development of the spectral shift produced by the addition of steroids and gave results compatible with a single active site, although this spectral evidence is not conclusive by itself. It is concluded that (i) the powerful forward competitive inhibition by pregnenolone and progesterone may be important in regulating synthesis of androgens in vivo; (ii) the porcine enzyme uses delta 5 substrates in preference to delta 4 substrates, thereby accounting for extensive use of the delta 5 pathway by pig testis in vivo; (iii) the evidence presented suggests one active site for both hydroxylase and lyase activities. PMID- 7240196 TI - Evidence indicating that inactivation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase by low density lipoprotein or by 25-hydroxycholesterol requires mediator protein(s) with rapid turnover rate. AB - The half-life (t 1/2) of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase of Chinese hamster ovary cells grown in fetal calf serum medium is approximately 2 h. When cells are switched to grow in delipidated serum medium (DeL-M) for more than 24 h, the t 1/2 of the enzyme is found to be drastically altered to approximately 13 h. Exposure of low density lipoprotein (LDL) (100 micrograms of protein/ml) or 25-hydroxycholesterol (1 microgram/ml) to cells grown in DeL-M suppresses reductase activity more rapidly than would be expected solely if reductase synthesis were suppressed, showing that inactivation of reductase activity by sterols, previously demonstrated using only analogs of cholesterol, is a normal mechanism for regulation of HMG-CoA reductase activity by the physiologically important sterol source (LDL). This inactivation effect by LDL or by 25-hydroxycholesterol is shown to be at least in part due to acceleration of reductase degradation rate. Furthermore, the inactivation effect by sterols is shown to be largely abolished if cycloheximide (250 micrograms/ml) is added simultaneously to the growth medium, indicating that continuous synthesis of a class of mediator protein(s) is necessary in mediating the effect of LDL or 25-hydroxycholesterol. Two different protein synthesis inhibitors (emetine and puromycin) were used and gave essentially identical results. Preincubation of cell culture with cycloheximide for 2 h essentially completely abolishes the effect of 25-hydroxycholesterol, indicating that the mediator protein(s) turns over rapidly, with t 1/2 less than 3 or 4 h. PMID- 7240198 TI - Structural analysis of four large CNBr fragments from [14C]-carboxymethylated adenovirus hexon protein. PMID- 7240197 TI - Fractionation of CNBr fragments and primary structures of peptides of the adenovirus hexon protein. AB - The adenovirus hexon protein has been carboxymethylated with 14C-labeled iodoacetate. After treatment with CNBr, the peptide mixture was fractionated into fragments with seven size classes by exclusion chromatography. Large fragments were further purified by CM-cellulose chromatography in urea, and small fragments were purified by high voltage paper electrophoresis. Amino acid sequences of pure fragments have been determined by combined use of sequenator-based direct degradations, and of manual t-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl-monitored Edman degradations subsequent to enzymatic redigestions. Fractionations are given, the primary structures of 22 CNBr fragments containing a total of 677 residues are reported, and the analytical aspects of the structural properties are considered. PMID- 7240199 TI - Order of the CNBr fragments in the adenovirus hexon protein. PMID- 7240200 TI - Isolation of methylglyoxal synthase from goat liver. AB - An enzyme fraction which specifically catalyzes the formation of methylglyoxal from dihydroxyacetone phosphate has been isolated and partially purified from goat liver. The enzyme fraction appears to be substantially free from glyoxalase I, reduced glutathione, and triosephosphate isomerase. Approximately equimolar quantities of methylglyoxal and inorganic phosphate were obtained from dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Formation of methylglyoxal was confirmed by colorimetric and enzymatic estimations as well as by paper chromatography and its spectrum. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone, and glyceraldehyde, failed to act as substrates. The enzyme is inhibited by some phosphorylated compounds and inorganic phosphates. PMID- 7240201 TI - A protein activator for the enzymic hydrolysis of GM2 ganglioside. PMID- 7240202 TI - Role of B-ring of colchicine in its binding to tubulin. AB - The chemical specificity of the colchicine-binding site of tubulin is less stringent for the presence of the B-ring than the A- and C-rings of colchicine, Colchicine analogues with modifications in the B-ring bind to tubulin at the same site as colchicine. Analogues with smaller or no substituents in the B-ring bind tubulin remarkably faster than colchicine. Thus, a compound without the B-ring [2 methoxy-5-(2',3',4'-trimethoxyphenyl)tropone] binds tubulin even at 4 degrees C and the binding is almost instantaneous at 37 degrees C. Colcemid and 2-methoxy-5 (2',3',4'-trimethoxyphenyl)tropone bind reversibly to tubulin, whereas colchicine and desacetamidocolchicine bind almost irreversibly, suggesting that the size of the B-ring moiety of colchicine is not related to the reversibility of binding. We conclude that although the presence of the B-ring of colchicine does not appear to be an essential prerequisite for the drug-tubulin interaction, the B ring substituents play an important role in determining the binding properties of colchicine to tubulin. PMID- 7240203 TI - Glucose starvation alters lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - The effect of glucose deprivation on the synthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides by Chinese hamster ovary cells has been studied. When these cells are placed in serum-free Dulbecco's minimal essential medium devoid of glucose, there is a rapid cessation of the synthesis of the usual Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 lipid-linked oligosaccharide and the accumulation of a smaller species with the composition Man9GlcNAc2. This latter compound is the glucosylated and transferred to protein where it is subsequently processed. These findings demonstrate that Chinese hamster ovary cells utilize an alternate glycosylation pathway when deprived of glucose. PMID- 7240204 TI - The kinetics of the phospholipase A2-catalyzed hydrolysis of Egg phosphatidylcholine in unilamellar vesicles. Product inhibition and its relief by serum albumin. AB - Only the lecithin in the outer leaflet (representing 70% of the total) of egg lecithin unilamellar vesicles is hydrolyzed by Crotalus atrox phospholipase A2. Hydrolyzed vesicles remain intact and impermeable to ionic solutes. The fatty acids produced in the hydrolysis remain on the vesicle and are only partially ionized at neutral pH due to electrostatic repulsions. About 40% of the lysolecithin product is desorbed from the vesicle. In the presence of a large excess of bovine serum albumin, the reaction is first order with respect to both the enzyme and the substrate. At 21 degrees C, pH 7.2, I = 0.16 M, and [Ca2+] = 7 mM, the second order rate constant is kex(2) = 1.5 X 10(6) M-1 s-1. In the absence of albumin, the reaction is inhibited competitively by both the monomeric (KIm = 4.5 X 10(-8) M) and micellar (nKIa = 3.7 X 10(-7) M) forms of lysolecithin ([critical micelle concentration] = 4.3 X 10(-6) M). Bovine serum albumin complexes two molecules of lysolecithin with a dissociation constant, Kb = 5 X 10(-8) M. With substoichiometric albumin, the reaction is biphasic, and, when the albumin is saturated with lysolecithin, the kinetics become similar to those observed in the absence of albumin. The action of phospholipase A2 shows that in unilamellar vesicles there is only one major lecithin conformation in the outer leaflet, or that all conformations are rapidly interconvertible. PMID- 7240205 TI - Evidence for coordinate expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase ad low density lipoprotein binding activity. AB - A Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant that requires both cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids for growth (Limanek, J. S., Chin, J., and Chang, T. Y. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 75, 5452-5456) has been further characterized with respect to its dependence on cholesterol. Upon removal of serum lipids from the growth medium, the activity of the important cholesterogenic enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and the low density lipoprotein (LDL) binding activity both increase significantly in the normal cell. Both these increases were much less in the mutant cell. Studies in vitro with NaF indicate that the differences in reductase activities between normal and mutant cells are not due to differences in activation by a dephosphorylation mechanism. Heat inactivation profiles and Km for HMG-CoA of both cell reductases were found to be identical, thus reducing the possibility that the mutant cell contains a mutation in the polypeptide chain of reductase. The fact that in lipid-deficient medium both reductase and LDL binding activities are low in the mutant strongly suggests that the expression of these activities is controlled in a coordinate manner. This conclusion is supported by parallel studies on a spontaneous revertant of the mutant in which the expression of reductase and LDL binding activities have both reverted to normal. These results indicate that the phenotypic abnormalities seen in the mutant are probably caused by a single mutation. A common factor is postulated to mediate this coordinate expression, and the function of such a factor is altered in the mutant cell. PMID- 7240206 TI - Hormone-sensitive lipase of rat adipose tissue. Purification and some properties. PMID- 7240207 TI - Deoxycytidylate deaminase. Purification and some properties of the enzyme isolated from human spleen. PMID- 7240208 TI - Androgens regulate ovomucoid and ovalbumin gene expression independently of estrogen. AB - Administration of dihydrotestosterone to estrogen-stimulated chicks induces a synergistic increase in ovomucoid mRNA synthesis and accumulation in the oviduct without affecting the synthesis of ovalbumin mRNA. This synergism is accompanied by an increase in nuclear estrogen receptors which could not be produced by simply increasing the maintenance dose of estrogen. Synergistic interactions between estrogen and dihydrotestosterone are also observed when they are added to oviduct explants in vitro. In addition to these synergistic effects, dihydrotestosterone is capable of maintaining the synthesis of ovalbumin and ovomucoid mRNAs after estrogen withdrawal in vivo. Analysis of total biologically active estrogen in the serum indicates that dihydrotestosterone does not interfere with estrogen elimination. Dihydrotestosterone also reinduces ovalbumin and ovomucoid gene transcription when injected into birds withdrawn from estrogen for less than 5 days; however, after several weeks of estrogen withdrawal, dihydrotestosterone is ineffective. Dihydrotestosterone alone acts directly on cultured oviduct explants to restimulate transcription of the ovalbumin and ovomucoid genes. Moreover, dihydrotestosterone effectively induces ovalbumin mRNA in the presence of the anti-estrogen, tamoxifen. These results indicate that androgen receptors can act either in concert with or independently of estrogen receptors to mediate specific gene transcription. PMID- 7240209 TI - Resolution of heterogeneous fluorescence from proteins and aromatic amino acids by phase-sensitive detection of fluorescence. PMID- 7240210 TI - Regulation of acetylcholinesterase activity by nerve growth factor. Role of transcription and dissociation from effects on proliferation and neurite outgrowth. AB - Studies are elaborated on regulation of acetylcholinesterase activity by nerve growth factor (NGF) in cultures of clonal PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. Acetylcholinesterase specific activity in these cultures is maximally and half maximally increased by NGF concentrations of approximately 1-1.5 and 0.5 nM, respectively. These increases are blocked by antiserum to NGF and are neither mimicked nor significantly altered by epidermal growth factor (1-1000 ng/ml), dexamethasone (10 microM), or dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM). The action of NGF on acetylcholinesterase activity is abolished by low concentrations of the inhibitors of RNA synthesis, camptothecin and actinomycin D. Such findings indicate a transcriptional requirement for this effect of NGF. A series of PC12 variants were employed that in serum-containing medium do not show normal PC12 responses to NGF such as cessation of proliferation and neurite outgrowth. Each of the variants exhibited NGF-dependent increases in acetylcholinesterase specific activity. This suggests that the effects of NGF on regulation of acetylcholinesterase activity can be dissociated from the effects of the factor on neurite outgrowth and proliferation, and that NGF may therefore work via parallel or branching pathways. PMID- 7240212 TI - Determination of the position of monooxygenation in the formation of catechol catalyzed by salicylate hydroxylase. AB - [3,5-2H]Salicylate was obtained by a hydrogen/deuterium exchange reaction carried out in 2H2O. Using this deuterated salicylate as a substrate for salicylate hydroxylase, the product catechol was isolated and characterized with respect to the positions of deuterium retention. Based on nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy analyses, the product was identified as [3,5-2H]catechol. It is thus unequivocally demonstrated that salicylate is decarboxylated and hydroxylated at the same ring position. Also consistent with this conclusion is the lack of a kinetic isotope effect for the deuterated salicylate substrate. PMID- 7240214 TI - Increased turnover of proteins from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of dystrophic chicken muscle cells in tissue culture. AB - Chicken myoblasts were cultured from the pectoralis muscles of dystrophic and normal 11-day-old embryos. Cells were allowed to grow to fusion (differentiation) and exposed to [35S]methionine for a short period. Subsequently, the decay of labeled proteins in the presence of cycloheximide was measured for various cellular fractions as well as individual proteins isolated from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and separated by gel electrophoresis. Some dystrophic material showed an increased decay when compared to normal material. The most significant (p less than 0.005) difference was found in a Mr = 65,000 component of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This same component accumulates label at an accelerated rate in the presence of the protease inhibitor leupeptin. Increased turnover of this protein, possibly calsequestrin, may be a manifestation of the genetic disease. PMID- 7240215 TI - Evidence for two types of rat liver microsomes with differing permeability to glucose and other small molecules. AB - Radioisotope flux measurements using Millipore filtration revealed two populations of rat liver microsomes designated type A and B. Type A and B vesicle are similar in that both are essentially impermeable to sucrose yet permeable to Cl-. About 70% of the microsome (type A) are permeable to D-glucose, L-glucose, 2 deoxy-D-glucose, D-mannose, D-mannitol, uridine, glycine, L-leucine, choline+, Tris+, Rb+, K+, and Na+. Other solutes such as D-gluconate-, D-glucosamine+, N acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-glutamate-, L-lysine+, sulfate2-, oxalate2-, and phosphate anions transverse type A vesicles with an intermediate rate. All of the above solutes except Cl- pass with a comparatively slow rate the remaining 30% type B vesicles. Both type A and B microsomes are relatively impermeable to glucose 6-phosphate and related monophosphates. Membrane potential measurements using liver microsomes and control membrane vesicles derived from rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum indicated that type A liver microsomes, despite being permeable to K+ and Na+, either lack or contain only a small number of highly conducting K+ and Na+ structures, such as the K,Na channel of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Treatment with the anion transport inhibitor 4,4' diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid lowered the permeability of type A vesicles to several uncharged and negatively charged solutes including D-glucose and gluconate-. These results suggest that a large fraction of liver microsomes is rendered permeable to various biologically relevant solutes and ions, perhaps through the presence of one or more channels with a maximal diameter of approximately 7-8 A which select(s) against solutes on the basis of their size and charge. PMID- 7240211 TI - Progesterone inhibits adenylate cyclase in Xenopus oocytes. Action on the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. PMID- 7240213 TI - Quantitative and qualitative differences in muscarinic cholinergic receptors in embryonic and newborn chick hearts. AB - Quantitative and qualitative differences in muscarinic cholinergic receptors in embryonic and newborn chick hearts have been found in studies using the radioligand [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) to label the receptors specifically. In both embryonic and newborn hearts, there appears to be a single class of high affinity muscarinic receptors. However, the number of muscarinic receptors/mg of protein in newborn hearts is significantly greater than in embryonic hearts. Homogenates of newborn and 10-day-old embryonic hearts contain 586 and 278 fmol of muscarinic receptors/mg of protein, respectively. The affinities of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor for [3H]QNB in the two preparations are similar; the KD values as estimated from dissociation and association rate constants are 20 and 12 pM for the newborn and embryonic hearts, respectively. In contrast, marked differences in the properties of the receptors in newborn and embryonic hearts were revealed in studies of inhibition of [3H]QNB binding by cholinergic agonists. The cholinergic agonists acetylcholine and carbamylcholine were approximately 10- to 20-fold more potent in inhibiting [3H] QNB binding to membranes obtained from embryonic hearts as compared to newborn hearts. Thus, there appear to be developmentally related differences in the affinity of the cardiac muscarinic receptor for agonists but not antagonists. PMID- 7240216 TI - Effect of denervation on the levels and rates of synthesis of specific enzymes in "fast-twitch" (breast) muscle fibers of the chicken. AB - It has been well documented that neural information, or the consequences of it, is required for the full phenotypic expression of different skeletal muscle fiber types. In the present work, we investigate the effect of removal of neural information, via surgical denervation, on the levels and rates of synthesis of several enzyme in mature breast ("fast-twitch") "white" muscle fibers of the chicken. Denervation of these muscles resulted in reductions in the concentrations of several glycolytic enzymes to new steady state levels which were only about 50% of normal, and these decreases in enzyme levels were completed within 2 weeks after severing the nerves. In contrast, denervation for as long as 6 weeks did not have a significant effect on the levels of creatine-P kinase molecules in this muscle type. The decreased level of the skeletal muscle specific aldolase A4 isoenzyme in denervated breast muscle fibers was associated with a 2- to 3-fold reduction in the relative rate of synthesis of this enzyme following denervation. As expected, denervation had no appreciable effect on the relative rate of synthesis of the muscle-specific MM isoenzyme of creatine-P kinase in this muscle. Our results show that neural information, or the consequences of it, is required to maintain the levels and rates of synthesis of glycolytic enzymes but not of creatine-P kinase in mature fast-twitch muscle fibers. We suggest that denervation results in a partial "dedifferentiation" of these fibers. PMID- 7240217 TI - In vivo kinetics of pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid formation in selected silkmoth chorion proteins. AB - The protein products from one of the two major silkmoth chorion multigene families contain blocked NH2 termini. The blocked residue has been identified as pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid. Its formation occurs post-translationally, by modification of NH2-terminal glutamine, after removal of a 20-residue-long "signal peptide." Pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid formation begins within minutes after polypeptide chain termination and is largely, although not entirely, complete by 60 min. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid thus appears to be formed both within the cell and in the extracellular chorion. Another class of minor chorion proteins also appears to contain pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid. PMID- 7240218 TI - Domain structure of hamster plasma fibronectin. Isolation and characterization of four functionally distinct domains and their unequal distribution between two subunit polypeptides. PMID- 7240219 TI - The carboxyl-terminal domain of human erythrocyte band 3. Description, isolation, and location in the bilayer. AB - Band 3, the anion channel protein of the human erythrocyte, is the major transmembrane glycoprotein of the erythrocyte membrane. The protein is distributed in a broad 88,000-98,000-dalton band on gel electrophoresis. Previous investigations have defined an NH2-terminal cytoplasmic domain and an adjacent membrane-spanning domain of the Band 3 molecule. The fragments containing these domains appear as discrete bands by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A carboxyl-terminal fragment of the Band 3 molecule was generated by digestion with chymotrypsin at the external face of intact erythrocytes. This fragment appears as a broad band of Mr = 34,000-45,000. It has a site accessible to lactoperoxidase at the internal face of the membrane and must, therefore, span the membrane. Slices from different regions of the broad electrophoretic band of the carboxyl-terminal fragment of Band 3 all have identical peptide maps. The same is true of Band 3. Therefore, despite their heterogeneous appearance on gels, Band 3 and its proteolytic fragments are homogeneous polypeptides. This conclusion is supported by the finding of an unique NH2-terminal tetrapeptide sequence for one Band 3 fragment. The apparent heterogeneity of Band 3 and its carboxyl-terminal region may reflect variability of glycosylation or sodium dodecyl sulfate binding. PMID- 7240220 TI - Assembly of human adult and sickle hemoglobins from their oxygenated subunits. Differential rates of beta chain tetramer dissociation. AB - The rate of assembly of oxyhemoglobins A and S at pH 7 and 20 degrees C has been followed spectrophotometrically at 582.5 nm, a maximum of the difference spectrum of isolated oxygenated subunits and intact oxyhemoglobin. In 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, the resultant time courses following mixing of equivalent concentrations of alpha and beta chains were homogeneous and followed first order kinetics. These time courses were protein concentration independent over a range of 8.0 to 60 X 10(-6) M in heme after mixing and presumably reflect the rate of dissociation of the beta chain tetramer. This rate-limiting dissociation reaction was found to be nearly 2-fold slower for the beta S than the beta A chain tetramer exhibiting half-times of 27 and 15 min, respectively. The overall rate of formation of Hb S and Hb A appears to be significantly influenced by the rates of dissociation of their respective beta chains. These findings are in contrast to mixing experiments done in 0.01 M potassium phosphate buffer which revealed time courses which were heterogeneous and markedly dependent upon protein concentration. The stability of the oxygenated beta chain tetramer and, therefore, the overall kinetic profile of liganded hemoglobin reconstitution is acutely sensitive to buffer conditions. PMID- 7240222 TI - Excess synthesis of viral mRNA 5-terminal oligonucleotides by reovirus transcriptase. AB - Short oligonucleotides corresponding to the 5'-terminal sequence of reovirus mRNAs were produced in vitro by virion-associated transcriptase activity. Both capped and uncapped oligonucleotides were synthesized in molar excess relative to mRNA. Yields of uncapped oligomers including ppG-C and ppG-C-U were severalfold greater than the homologous capped structures. In partial reaction mixtures that were nonsupportive for mRNA chain elongation, capped oligomer synthesis was increased. Similarly, oligonucleotide formation was differentially resistant in viral preparations that were inactivated with respect to mRNA synthesis by modification of the genome RNA by dimethyl sulfate alkylation or psoralen photoreaction. The results suggest that reovirus mRNA synthesis involves excessive initiation by reiterative transcription of promoter sites by the reovirus polymerase. Only a small fraction of the resulting oligonucleotides are capped and extended to form full length mRNAs during a subsequent elongation step which is apparently mediated by transcriptase molecules that escape the reiterative phase of transcription. PMID- 7240223 TI - The solubility of bovine lens crystallins. AB - Apparent thermodynamic parameters for the process of solubilization of the five major classes of bovine lens crystallins have been determined by the polyethylene glycol solubility method. Although each purified crystallin fraction displays significant structural heterogeneity as analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, they behave as homogeneous proteins by the criteria of solubility. Using experimentally determined values for the apparent enthalpy and entropy of solution and the effects of a variety of low molecular weight solutes on crystallin solubility, the five classes can be arranged in order of the polarity of their solid phase intermolecular contacts as follows: gamma, high molecular weight beta greater than low molecular weight beta greater than high molecular weight alpha greater than alpha. Since alpha-crystallin is the major component of the insoluble material in bovine cataract, we suggest that cataract formation may be related to the intrinsic solubility and polarity of the lens crystallins. PMID- 7240224 TI - Diacytosis of human asialotransferrin type 3 by isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - In suspensions of freshly isolated hepatocytes, asialotransferrin type 3 became rapidly bound by the asialoglycoprotein-binding hepatic lectin. Suspended hepatocytes, just as the liver of intact animals, catabolized asialotransferrin in a concentration-dependent manner. At low asialotransferrin concentrations (0.4 1 nM), the fraction of labeled protein degraded was much smaller than found with comparable concentrations of asialofetuin in an earlier study (Tolleshaug, H., Berg, T., Nilsson, M., and Norum, K. R. (1977) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 499, 73 84). The fraction of endocytosed asialotransferrin that was degraded, could, however, be substantially increased by raising the concentration of asialotransferrin the medium. Release studies using a chelating agent or competitive inhibitors of the binding reaction showed that at low asialotransferrin concentrations, hepatocytes exocytose the preponderance of the intracellular asialotransferrin with a half-life of approximately 20 min. This novel observation raises the possibility that lysosomal homing of an endosome transporting asialoglycoprotein requires an intracellular target signal. PMID- 7240221 TI - Protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes. Purification and characterization of a double-stranded RNA-dependent protein synthesis inhibitor from reticulocyte lysates. AB - Reticulocyte lysates contain a latent form of eukaryotic peptide chain initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) kinase (dsI) which becomes activated in the presence of double stranded RNA and ATP and inhibits protein synthesis. The latent form of dsI has been partially purified from reticulocyte ribosomal salt wash. The purified dsI has been activated by incubation in the presence of poly(rI).poly(rC) and [gamma 32P]ATP and the activated dsI has been further purified to near homogeneity. Upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, purified [32P]dsI shows an intensely staining 67,000-dalton polypeptide band which corresponds to a single 67,000-dalton radioactive band. During Sephadex (G-200) gel filtration, both the latent form of dsI and the activated dsI elute similarly with a peak corresponding to a molecular weight of 67,000. Purified dsI phosphorylates the 38,000-dalton subunit of eIF-2 and, under conditions of eIF-2 phosphorylation, dsI strongly inhibits AUG-dependent Met-tRNAf binding to 40 S ribosomes. Also, in partial reactions, eIF-2 alpha (P) formed by phosphorylation of eIF-2 using dsI and ATP, is not recognized by two eIF-2 ancillary factors, Co-eIF-2B and Co-eIF 2C. These results are similar to those reported previously for the heme-regulated eIF-2 kinase (Das, A., Ralston, R. O., Grace, M., Roy, R., Ghosh-Dastidar, P., Das H. K., Yaghmai, B., Palmieri, S., and Gupta, N. K. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 76,5076-5079) and suggest that dsI, like the heme-regulated eIF-2 kinase phosphorylates eIF-2 and eIF-2 alpha (P) thus formed, in both cases, is not recognized by Co-eIF-2B and Co-eIF-2C, and is inactive in some step(s) of Met tRNAf.40 S initiation complex formation. PMID- 7240225 TI - The effect of butyrate on sulfated glycoprotein biosynthesis by human kidney tumor cells. AB - Human kidney tumor cells in culture incorporate [3H]glucosamine and 35SO4 into several classes of glycoconjugate products. After a 24-h labeling period, the 3H/35S-glycosaminoglycans and 3H-glycoproteins synthesized were found associated with both the cell layer and the culture medium. These tumor cells also synthesized a class of 35S-glycoproteins which contained alkali-stable 35S oligosaccharide chains. These 35S-glycoproteins did not accumulate with the cell layers but were preferentially found in the culture medium (82-96%). After treatment with 2.5 mM butyrate for 24 h, the tumor cells assumed a more flattened and spread morphology with more clearly defined cell borders. These butyrate treated cell cultures showed less than a 2-fold increase in the cell-associated form of both 3H/35S-glycosaminoglycans and 3H-glycoproteins, compared to cells cultured in the absence of butyrate. In contrast, butyrate-treated cell cultures had a 3-fold increase in the total incorporation of 35SO4 into glycoproteins and a dramatic 10-30-fold increase in the cell-associated form of these 35S glycoprotein products as compared to untreated cell cultures. PMID- 7240226 TI - Cofactor dependence of factor Xa incorporation into the prothrombinase complex. AB - The blood coagulation serine protease, factor Xa, was dansylated with the active site-directed inhibitor, dansyl-glutamyl-glycyl-arginyl chloromethyl ketone. The Ca2+-dependent interactions of the inactivated factor Xa with its cofactors, phospholipid and activated factor V (factor Va), were studied through alterations of fluorescence polarization values of dansyl moiety of the modified enyme. In the presence of phospholipid and Ca2+, factor Va and factor Xa interacted with 1:1 stoichiometry, an interaction characterized by markedly enhanced polarization. The factor Va-independent interaction of factor Xa with phospholipid was also observed, characterized by dissociation constant Kd=2.7 x 10-6 M and stoichiometry of 66 mol of phospholipid/mol of factor Xa. The interaction of factor Xa with vesicles in the absence of factor Va exhibited considerably lower polarization values than in the presence of factor Va. These data obtained by direct spectral measurements are in agreement with the inferences drawn previously from studies of kinetics that the prothrombinase complex consists of 1:1 stoichiometric complex of factor Xa and phospholipid bound factor Va, and that the enzymatic complex assembles in the absence of the natural substrate, prothrombin. PMID- 7240228 TI - Secretion of Lysosomal enzymes in the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 7240229 TI - Purification and characterization of a phospholipid-dependent alpha-mannosidase from rabbit liver. AB - An alpha-mannosidase specific for the hydrolysis of alpha-1,2-mannosyl-mannose linkages has been solubilized and partially purified from rabbit liver microsomes. The enzyme is inhibited by EDTA and has optimal activity in the presence of calcium ions. The purified enzyme has a requirement for nonionic detergents or for specific phospholipids. At detergent concentrations appreciably below the critical micelle concentration, the enzyme is active in the presence of phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine but not with phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, or phosphatidic acid. At concentrations of phosphatidylcholine which provide optimal activity, the enzyme is strongly inhibited by phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidylglycerol. The substrate specificity of the alpha-mannosidase toward oligosaccharide substrates suggests that the enzyme may be involved in the processing of the oligosaccharide chains of mammalian glycoproteins. PMID- 7240227 TI - Amine transport in chromaffin granule ghosts. pH dependence implies cationic form is translocated. AB - Chromaffin granules have a translocator-mediated uptake system for the monoamines dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. These substrates are predominantly cationic at physiological pH but they also exist in neutral, zwitterionic, and anionic forms. The cationic fraction is nearly pH-independent between pH 6.9 and pH 7.6. Over the same pH range, the neutral and zwitterionic fractions increase by a factor of 6.3 and the anionic fraction increases by a factor of 40. In chromaffin granule ghosts, the apparent Km values for dopamine and serotonin transport are independent of pH between 6.8 and 7.6. Consequently, the translocator probably binds the cationic form of the substrate. Vmax values for dopamine and serotonin uptake increase by a factor of 2 between pH 6.8 and pH 7.6. PMID- 7240230 TI - An NADH-linked spectrophotometric assay for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in crude tissue homogenates. AB - A spectrophotometric assay for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex has been developed, which measures NADH production by coupling it to the reduction of a tetrazolium dye via an intermediate electron carrier. The procedure uses only commercial reagents. Dependence on pyruvate, coenzyme A, and NAD is complete, and activities are comparable to those obtained by other procedures with both purified (rat kidney mitochondria) and crude (mouse brain homogenate) preparations. These dye-coupled procedures are potentially applicable to assays of other NADH-producing dehydrogenases in crude preparations. PMID- 7240231 TI - Assignment of disulfide bonds in the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - The assignment of five disulfide bonds in the alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) using partial reduction and S-[14C]carboxymethylation has been reported earlier (Mise, T., and Bahl, O. P. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8516 8522). Employing a similar approach, we have determined the locations of six disulfide bonds in hCG-beta. Two partially reduced and S-[14C]carboxymethylated hCG-beta derivatives, DS1.4-hCG-beta and DS3.4-hCG-beta in which on the average 1.4 and 3.4 disulfide bonds were modified, respectively, were prepared. The 14C labeled derivatives were then completely reduced and S-carboxymethylated with nonradioactive iodoacetic acid and subjected to hydrolysis with trypsin. The radioactive peptides were purified by gel filtration and high voltage paper electrophoresis. The tryptic peptides containing two or more S [14C]carboxymethylcysteines were further degraded using various proteolytic enzymes such as thermolysin, carboxypeptidase A and Y, cathespin C, and subtilisin to obtain individual S-[14C]carboxymethylcysteine-containing peptides. From the specific radioactivities of S-[14C]carboxymethylcysteines in DS3.4-hCG beta, four out of six disulfide bonds, 9-90, 26-110, 34-88, and 93-100 were assigned. Similar data from DS1.4-hCG-beta gave the locations of the other two disulfide bonds, 23-72 and 38-57, while confirming the locations of four disulfide bonds derived from the radioactivity distribution in DS3.4-hCG-beta. Thus, all six disulfide bonds in hCG-beta have been located. The results of controlled reduction and S-[14C]alkylation also indicate that disulfide bond 93 100 is the most reactive, followed by disulfide bond 26-110, and that the least reactive among all is 34-88. PMID- 7240232 TI - The reaction of 4-iodoacetamidosalicylic acid with TPN-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from pig heart. PMID- 7240233 TI - The carbohydrate-binding specificity of pea and lentil lectins. Fucose is an important determinant. AB - The carbohydrate-binding specificities of pea lectin and lentil lectin have been determined by testing the ability of radioactively labeled glycopeptides to bind to columns of pea lectin-Sepharose and lentil lectin-Sepharose. The presence of a fucose residue attached to the asparagine-linked N-acetylglucosamine residue of the test glycopeptide was essential for high affinity binding to both pea and lentil lectin-Sepharose but not to concanavalin A-Sepharose. In addition to fucose, 2 alpha-mannosyl residues were required for glycopeptide binding to the pea and lentil lectin-Sepharose columns. Substitution of the alpha-mannosyl residues at C-2 did not prevent their interaction. Substitution of 1 alpha mannosyl residue at both C-2 and C-4 did prevent glycopeptide binding, but substitution of 1 alpha-mannosyl residue at C-2 and C-6 did not impair binding. Glycopeptide binding to lentil lectin-Sepharose was enhanced by the exposure of terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues on the glycopeptide, whereas binding to pea lectin-Sepharose was enhanced by the exposure of terminal mannose residues. The differences in carbohydrate binding specificity of pea lectin-Sepharose and Con A Sepharose were exploited to fractionate a mixture of [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycopeptides derived from mouse lymphoma cell glycoproteins. PMID- 7240234 TI - Hamster cell mutants unable to grow on galactose and exhibiting an overlapping complementation pattern are defective in the electron transport chain. PMID- 7240236 TI - Differential and coordinate regulation of the eukaryotic small molecular weight RNAs. AB - We have detected within the adult rat cerebral cortex 9 identifiable small molecular weight RNAs, K, K', L, Q, A, C, D, G', and H. These molecules are electrophoretically similar to the small RNAs found in other mammalian cells. Metabolic turnover and subcellular fractionation studies demonstrate that each of these small RNAs behave in a manner distinguishable from the other 8. In addition, 2 of the small RNAs, K and A, are under considerable developmental regulation. The results obtained suggest that no 2 of these molecules are present exclusively within the same subcellular structure. The cellular concentrations of the small RNAs were analyzed in 7 different adult rat tissues which varied 10 fold in their cellular RNA concentrations. The cellular levels of the cytoplasmic RNAs, 28 S, 18 S, and 5 S rRNA, 4 S tRNA, K, and L, were found to be a function of the total cellular RNA concentration. In contrast, the cellular levels of the nuclear RNAs, A, C, D, and H, varied slightly between tissues and were independent of the total cellular RNA concentration. However, these variations in the levels of the nuclear RNAs were significant in that they revealed these molecules are coordinately regulated. PMID- 7240235 TI - Kinetics of alpha-mannosidase action on various alpha-D-mannopyranosyl linkages in hen ovalbumin glycopeptides as monitored by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - We show that 13C NMR spectroscopy is a practical method for following the kinetics of enzymatic digestion of individual carbohydrate residues of glycopeptides and for determining the structures of the products of partial digestions. Specifically, we study the jack bean alpha-mannosidase digestion of the two hen ovalbumin glycopeptides Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to Asn (Compound A) and Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to Asn (Compound B). The reported "rule" that jack bean alpha-mannosidase hydrolyzes Man alpha 1 leads to 2Man and Man alpha 1 leads to 6Man linkages at least 15 times faster than Man alpha 1 leads to 3Man linkages (Tai, T., Yamashita, K., Ogata-Arakawa, M., Koide, N., Muramatsu, T., Iwashita, S., Inoue, Y., and Kobata, A. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 8569-8575) is not of general validity. Although the Man alpha 1 leads to 2Man (alpha) linkage of Compound A is the first one to be digested, the Man alpha 1 leads to 3Man (beta) linkage is hydrolyzed next, faster than the Man alpha 1 leads to 6Man (alpha) linkage. The Man alpha 1 leads to 3Man (alpha) linkage is hydrolyzed very slowly. We show that it is practical to use 13C NMR spectroscopy to determine when the enzymatic digestion should be halted to isolate derivatives such as Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man alpha 1 leads to 6Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to Asn and Man alpha 1 leads to 3Man alpha 1 leads to 6Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to Asn. PMID- 7240237 TI - Interaction of 5-bromocamphor with cytochrome P-450 cam. Production of 5 ketocamphor from a mixed spin state hemoprotein. AB - Camphor is stereospecifically hydroxylated by the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida at the 5-exo position by a cytochrome P-450 mixed function oxidase system consisting of a flavoprotein reductase; putidaredoxin, an iron-sulfur oxidation reduction transport-effector protein; and the P-450 hemoprotein. We have studied the interaction of a substrate analog of camphor, 5-exo-bromocamphor, with this cytochrome P-450 mixed function oxidase system in order to probe the molecular mechanisms of electron transport and catalytic substrate oxygenation. 5-exo Bromocamphor was found to bind tightly in a 1:1 complex with P-450 with a dissociation constant of 2.9 microM, very near that for the normal camphor substrate. Contrary to camphor, however, the 5-exo-bromocamphor-bound material exhibits only a 46% population of the high spin form of the macromolecule. Measurement of the oxidation-reduction potential of the bromocamphor-P-450 complex yields a value of E0' = -246 mV, intermediate between that of substrate free (-300 mV) and camphor-bound (-173 mV) cytochrome. These data are interpreted in terms of a thermodynamic linkage model relating spin, substrate, and oxidation reduction equilibria in the P-450 monoxygenase system. 5-exo-Bromocamphor is readily metabolized by the P-450cam mixed function oxidase to 5-ketocamphor at rates and yields similar to that of the normal substrate, camphor, suggesting abstraction of the endo-hydrogen of 5-exo-bromocamphor and oxygen addition to produce a transient 5-bromo-5-hydroxycamphor intermediate. Implications of these chemical findings for the chemical mechanisms of P-450-catalyzed oxygenations and the flexibility of substrates at the active site of the macromolecule are discussed. PMID- 7240238 TI - Relationship between reversible antagonist occupancy and the functional capacity of the acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 7240239 TI - The kinetics of reduction of cytochrome P-450cam by reduced putidaredoxin. PMID- 7240240 TI - Role of dexamethasone in globin gene expression in differentiating Friend cells. AB - The expression of the globin genes which accompanies the chemically induced differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells is subject to inhibition by glucocorticoid hormones. The present study inquires into the possible mechanisms for this suppression. It is shown that the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, can both prevent the initial appearance of beta-globin mRNA during the induction of differentiation and inhibit the ongoing production of this RNA in induced cells. Isolated nuclei from dexamethasone-treated cells also exhibited a depressed ability to synthesize beta-globin mRNA. These effects were achieved without altering the turnover rate of the mature messenger RNA. Electrophoretic analysis of pulse-labeled transcripts before and after a chase interval indicated that large Mr beta-globin precursor molecules were processed normally to mature nuclear beta-globin mRNA in cells treated with dexamethasone. S1 nuclease protection experiments showed further that dexamethasone treatment of induced cells uniquely depressed the amount of precursor-specific beta-globin sequences contained in unlabeled nuclear RNA preparations. The data support the view that dexamethasone regulates globin gene expression at or very close to the transcriptional level. PMID- 7240241 TI - The control of Ca2+ release from heart mitochondria. PMID- 7240243 TI - Purification of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from rat liver. PMID- 7240242 TI - Isolation and characterization of cells resistant to ML236B (compactin) with increased levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. AB - ML236B is a potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) (EC 1.1.1.34), the major regulatory enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. This compound inhibits cell growth when present in the culture medium of CHO-K1 cells at a concentration as low as 0.1 micrograms/ml. Addition of the product of the HMG-CoA reductase reaction, mevalonate, to the culture medium prevents the cytotoxic effects of ML236B at a concentration of inhibitor as high as 50 micrograms/ml. Using a stepwise selection procedure, we have obtained two variant cell lines which are resistant to the presence of 8 micrograms/ml of ML236B in the culture medium. The rates of cholesterol synthesis and the cholesterol levels in the variant cell lines, grown in the presence of ML236B, are similar to those of the parental CHO-K1 cell line grown in the absence of inhibitor. Assays of HMG-CoA reductase activity from extracts of variant cells, grown in the presence of inhibitor, reveal that the variant cell lines have an approximately 40-fold higher HMG-CoA reductase activity than does the parental CHO-K1 cell line grown in the absence of inhibitor. However, when the variant cell lines are grown without ML236B in the culture medium, the HMG CoA reductase activity returns to the parental CHO-K1 level within 5 days, but the resistant phenotype is stable for up to 9 months. We conclude that the variant cell lines are unable to overcome the cytotoxic effects of ML236B by a mechanism which leads to overaccumulation of HMG-CoA reductase which in turn permits normal mevalonate metabolism and cholesterol synthesis to take place. PMID- 7240244 TI - Reconstitution of iron-sulfur cluster of NADH-cytochrome c reductase, a component of benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase system from Pseudomonas arvilla C-1. AB - NADH-cytochrome c reductase, a component of benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase system, is an ion-sulfur flavoprotein with one FAD and one iron-sulfur cluster of [2Fe-2S] type (Yamaguchi, M., and Fujisawa, H. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 8848-8853). Treatment of NADH-cytochrome c reductase with p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid resulted in fading of its color with a concomitant loss of the NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity. The p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid-treated enzyme was found to contain one FAD but no significant amounts of iron and labile sulfide. Incubation of the iron-sulfur-depleted enzyme with ferrous ions and sulfide in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol led to both reconstitution of iron-sulfur cluster of the enzyme and concomitant restoration of the enzyme activity. Although the iron-sulfur-depleted enzyme catalyzed NADH-dependent reduction of ferricyanide, nitroblue tetrazolium, or oxygen, it could not catalyze NADH dependent reduction of the oxygenase component of benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase system. In contrast, the reconstituted enzyme recovered the activity of NADH dependent reduction of the oxygenase component to the original level. Certain other catalytic and molecular properties of the iron-sulfur-depleted enzyme and the reconstituted enzyme are also presented. PMID- 7240245 TI - Structure of the specific oligosaccharides from the glycopeptidolipid antigens of serovars in the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-Mycobacterium scrofulaceum complex. AB - The specific oligosaccharide units of the C-mycosidic glycopeptidolipid antigens from serovarieties in the Myobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare Mycobacterium scrofulaceum complex were liberated as oligosaccharide alditols by treatment of the glycopeptidolipids with alkaline borohydride. The complete structures of the oligosaccharide alditols have been derived from their 1H-NMR spectra or those of their permethylated (or pertrideuteriomethylated) derivatives, the mass spectra of the methylated derivatives, and from methylation fragmentation analysis. Periodate oxidation was also used to confirm the position of the link between the ultimate and penultimate sugars. The following structures are proposed (with some extrapolation of enantiomeric configurations where evidence for assignment is not yet complete) for the oligosaccharide alditols: Serovar 9 2,3-Me2-alpha-L-Fucp-(1 leads to 4)-2,3-Me2-alpha-L-Fucp-(1 leads to 3) alpha-L-Rhap-(1 leads to 2)-6-deoxy-L-Talol Serovar 25 2-Me-alpha-L-Fucp-(1 leads to 4)-2-Me-alpha-L-Fucp-(1 leads to 3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1 leads to 2)-6-deoxy-L talol Serovar 8 4,6-(1'-carboxyethylidene)-3-Me-beta-D-Glcp-(1 leads to 3)-alpha L-Rhap-(1 leads to 2)-6-deoxy-L-Talol Thus, 6-deoxytalitol (6-deoxytalose in the original glycopeptidolipid) invariably occupies the reducing terminus. Rhamnose is invariably the penultimate sugar, and the link between rhamnose and 6 deoxytalose is invariably alpha 1 leads to 2. Moreover, the results point to the outer one or two appendages for the provision of individually distinctive features required for antigen specificity. The abbreviations used are: serovar, serologically distinct varieties; Me, methyl; Fucp, fucopyranose; Rhap, rhamnopyranose; Talol, talitol. PMID- 7240246 TI - Immunological and organizational heterogeneity of histone H2a variants within chromatin of cells at different stages of Friend leukemia. AB - We have used antibodies directed against two histone H2a variants, H2a.1 and H2a.2, to probe chromatin structure in Friend erythroleukemia cells. Each molecule has at least one unique antigenic determinant, as well as determinants shared by both variants. Some Friend leukemia cell types contained H2a molecules which showed altered immunologic reactivity with the two antisera. The accessibility of the H2a variants in chromatin to anti-H2a antibody was different as measured by the use of whole chromatin as an immunoabsorbent and by binding of antibody to nucleosomes in a solid phase radioimmunoassay. While anti-H2a.1 IgG bound to chromatin, anti-H2a.2 IgG did not. Moreover, anti-H2a.1 IgG binding to chromatin from different Friend cell types reflected, in general, the relative amounts of H2a.1 in total chromatin. The different reactivity of the two antisera with chromatin was also observed with isolated nucleosomes: anti-H2a.1 IgG bound but anti-H2a.2 did not. Furthermore, the binding of anti-H2a.1 Ig with subfractions of nucleosomes varied; H1-depleted, high mobility group-enriched nucleosomes reacted better than H1-containing, high mobility group-depleted nucleosomes. These findings demonstrated a heterogeneity in the organization of H2a variants in chromatin within nucleosomal subfractions of chromatin and among chromatin of different Friend leukemia cell types. Moreover, most of the antigenic determinants common to both H2a variants were shown to be buried within the nucleosome core; only H2a.1-unique determinants were accessible to an anti H2a.1 IgG molecule. PMID- 7240248 TI - Rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase. Activation by sulfhydryl modification. AB - Upon reaction with N-ethylmaleimide, a single sulfhydryl residue/Mr = 50,000 subunit of phenylalanine hydroxylase is modified. This modification is accompanied by a 20-30-fold increase in hydroxylase activity when the activity is measured with tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactor. The N-ethylmaleimide-modified enzyme exhibits many of the characteristics of phenylalanine hydroxylase activated by partial proteolysis or by exposure to phospholipids. For example, a change from sigmoid to hyperbolic kinetics with varying phenylalanine concentration is observed, in addition to broadened substrate specificity and a dependence on phenylalanine hydroxylase stimulator protein at pH 6.8. The binding of phenylalanine to phenylalanine hydroxylase in the absence of pterin cofactor has also been studied. The native enzyme exhibits a sigmoidal phenylalanine binding curve. The N-ethylmaleimide-modified enzyme shows a hyperbolic response to phenylalanine binding in addition to an apparent decrease in total phenylalanine binding. PMID- 7240249 TI - Kinetics of coupled gamma-hydroxybutyrate oxidation and D-glucuronate reduction by an NADP+-dependent oxidoreductase. AB - A highly purified NADP+-dependent oxidoreductase from hamster liver (1) has been found to catalyze a reaction in which the oxidation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate is coupled to the reduction of D-glucuronate. In the coupled reaction, NADP+ is required in catalytic rather than stoichiometric amounts. When the coupled reaction is carried out under limiting conditions for the oxidation of gamma hydroxybutyrate (i.e. a very low concentration of NADP+ and an inhibitory concentration of NADPH) the rate of gamma-hydroxybutyrate oxidation is determined by the concentration of D-glucuronate and can be stimulated at least 8-fold by D glucuronate. The kinetics of the oxidation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate have been studied in both the uncoupled and the coupled reaction. In the coupled reaction the reduction of D-glucuronate drives the oxidation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate; the Km for NADP+ is markedly lower than the Km determined in the uncoupled reaction (1.4 X 10(-6) M as compared to 2 X 10(-5) M), and the inhibition by NADPH can be completely overcome. The kinetics of the uncoupled reaction suggest that, unlike many other dehydrogenases, the oxidation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate catalyzed by this enzyme proceeds by a Rapid Equilibrium Random Bi Bi mechanism. PMID- 7240247 TI - Irreversible inactivation of delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase of Pseudomonas testosteroni by acetylenic suicide substrates. Mechanism of formation and properties of the steroid-enzyme adduct. PMID- 7240250 TI - Estradiol-independent growth of a subline of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in culture. AB - An estrogen-independent variant (R3) was selected by cloning wild type MCF-7 cells in soft agar in the presence of tamoxifen. R3 has a slightly slower growth rate under optimal growth conditions. Estradiol and tamoxifen have minimal effects on growth rate and thymidine incorporation as compared to wild type MCF-7 cells. R3 contains both cytoplasmic receptor and a receptor derived from crude nuclear extract with slightly higher numbers of cytosol receptor than wild type MCF-7. The same dissociation constant (Kd) and the same molecular weight (estimated by Sephadex chromatography) and sucrose density behavior for both cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptor are seen in R3 and MCF-7. Estrogen receptor complexes were activated by salt and nucleotide and translocated to the nucleus equivalently in R3 and MCF-7. Relative binding affinities and extent of competition by estradiol and tamoxifen for cytoplasmic estrogen receptor are the same for MCF-7 and R3. Induction of progesterone receptor and nuclear estrogen receptor processing following treatment with estradiol in R3 is minimal compared with MCF-7. DNA affinity (as assessed by DNA cellulose chromatography) of estrogen receptor complexes from R3 and MCF-7 is different. R3 appears to represent a cell with a defect expressed in receptor function apart from the initial hormone-binding step. PMID- 7240252 TI - The adsorption to and hydrolysis of 1,3-didecanoyl glycerol monolayers by pancreatic lipase. Effects of substrate packing density. AB - The kinetics of hydrolysis of 1,3-didecanoyl glycerol by pancreatic lipase were measured in monomolecular films at the air-water interface. Determination of the quantity of active enzyme associated with the film under conditions of constant reaction velocity and surface pressure showed that both the extent of enzyme adsorption and the catalytic rate constant of the adsorbed enzyme were substrate packing dependent. If this rate constant was corrected for the concentration of reactive substrate predicted from kinetic and physical studies (Momsen, W. E., and Brockman, H. L. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 8855-8860), a constant value of 2.5 +/- 0.5 X 10(12) (S.E.) cm2/(mol.s) was obtained for the second order rate constant. This constancy supports the hypothesis that a packing dependent conformational distribution of substrate head groups is a factor in the regulation of lipolysis. PMID- 7240251 TI - Substituted hemins as probes for structure-function relationships in horseradish peroxidase. AB - Low temperature visible spectra of Compounds I from peroxidases reconstituted with protohemin, 2-formyl-4-vinyldeuterohemin, 2-vinyl-4-formyldeuterohemin, 2,4 dimethyldeuterohemin, and 2,4-diacetyldeuterohemin reveal that these Fe(IV) porphyrin pi-cation radicals take the 2A2u of peroxidase-type electronic ground state. Compound I of deuterohemin horseradish peroxidase, however, takes the 2A1u or catalase type pi-cation radical electronic ground state. Since deuterohemin horseradish peroxidase possesses no catalase activity, the structure of the peroxidase apoprotein (other than those factors which might influence the Compound I pi-cation radical ground state) is concluded to play the major role in determining the reactivity of Compound I toward hydrogen donors. Studies on peroxidases substituted with the hemins 2-formyl-4-vinyldeuterohemin, 2-vinyl-4 formyldeuterohemin, 2,4-dimethyldeuterohemin, and mesohemin reveal that isoelectronic hemins differentially interact with the peroxidase apoprotein. The hemin 2- and 4-substituents are therefore concluded to interact sterically with the horseradish peroxidase apoprotein. While a variety of 2- and 4-substituted hemins were observed to bind rapidly with apo horseradish peroxidase to form active substituted enzymes, small changes in the substituents in the 6- and 7 positions had drastic effects on the rates of binding to apoperoxidase and the activities of the reconstituted enzymes. Even addition of a single methylene to form butyrate instead of propionate side chains drastically altered the rate of binding of the hemin and the activity of the substituted enzyme. It therefore appears that while the 2-, 4-, 6-, and 7-substituents of the hemins in horseradish peroxidase all interact with the protein, the polypeptide chain possesses more conformational flexibility in the area which binds the 2- and 4 substituents. PMID- 7240253 TI - Mechanism-based inactivation of serine transhydroxymethylases by D-fluoroalanine and related amino acids. AB - Serine transhydroxymethylase, from lamb or rabbit liver, is known to catalyze slow transamination of D-alanine, but not of L-amino acids, in a tetrahydrofolate independent reaction. Both enzymes will process the D-isomer of beta fluoroalanine for alpha, beta-elimination of HF to yield an aminoacrylate pyridoxal-P-enzyme intermediate. This intermediate partitions between harmless hydrolysis to pyruvate, NH4+, and active enzyme-pyridoxal-P (catalytic turnover) and suicidal enzyme alkylation by covalent modification with an average partition ratio of 40-60 turnovers/inactivation event/monomer unit of this tetrameric enzyme. Enzyme inactivation occurs with stoichiometric incorporation of radioactive label from D-[1,2-14C]fluoroalanine. Titration of enzymic cysteinyl - SH groups with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) indicates loss of 1 --SH group on inactivation. Acid hydrolysis of radioactive-inactive enzyme confirms cysteine residue modification. Treatment of inactive enzyme with 6 M urea, then KBH4, followed by acid hydrolysis yields two radioactive compounds, lanthionine and S carboxyhydroxyethylcysteine, in about equal amounts. The addition of tetrahydrofolate stimulates both pyruvate production and inactivation to equal extents with about a 200-fold rate acceleration at 0.5 mM tetrahydrofolate to turnover numbers of approximately 120 min-1. The Km for D-fluoroalanine is high, 10-60 mM, and this low substrate affinity suggests D-fluoroalanine will not be a useful in vivo agent for selective inactivation of liver cell serine transhydroxymethylases. PMID- 7240254 TI - Studies on the mechanism of DNA polymerase alpha. Nascent chain elongation, steady state kinetics, and the initiation phase of DNA synthesis. AB - A detailed study of the mechanism of nascent chain elongation and of steady state kinetics of purified mouse DNA polymerase alpha has been conducted. Polymerization was examined using a model replication system of poly(dT) as template, oligo(rA) as primer, and dATP as nucleotide substrate, and the probability of chain termination was determined by measurement of the precise chainlength of the products. Reactions were conducted under conditions where products were not utilized as primer. Product chainlength analysis indicated that alpha-polymerase acted in a processive fashion, elongating the primer by the stepwise addition of up to 20 dAMP residues before dissociating. The probability of termination after each dAMP addition depended upon the chainlength of the product and upon the presence of several agents; spermine, spermidine, putrescine, nalidixic acid, or PPi caused a marked increase in termination after the first dAMP addition, and conversely, mouse helix destabilizing protein-1 caused the enzyme to continue extending the same product chain until 18 to approximately 35 dAMP residues had been added. From these and other data, it is concluded that the kinetic mechanisms of termination after the first dAMP addition and after subsequent dAMP additions are different. With this information on how alpha-polymerase elongates a nascent primer(dA)n molecule, a kinetic model and appropriate steady state rate equations were obtained for analysis of substrate initial velocity data and termination probabilities. The substrate kinetic patterns and PPi product inhibition results were consistent with the ordered Ter Ter mechanism Bi Uni Uni Bi Ping Pong proposed in the model, and the model also permits a rational explanation for the differences in termination probability and for the fact that substrate initial velocity plots were linear even though multiple residues of dATP combined with the enzyme during each catalytic cycle. In addition, the results suggest that a rate-limiting step in the steady state occurs at the transition between initiation and elongation, and that higher levels of template.primer increase the rate of this step. This secondary effect of template.primer is discussed in relation to other polymer forming enzymes, and various kinetic mechanisms which require the presence of two template.primer-binding sites, effector and catalytic, are discussed for their fit to the experimental data. PMID- 7240255 TI - A new cell surface, detergent-insoluble glycoprotein matrix of human and hamster fibroblasts. The role of disulfide bonds in stabilization of the matrix. PMID- 7240256 TI - Absence of proteoglycan core protein in cartilage from the cmd/cmd (cartilage matrix deficiency) mouse. AB - Mice homozygous for the autosomal recessive gene, cartilage matrix deficiency (cmd/cmd), are characterized by disproportionate dwarfism and cleft palate. The collagen and proteoglycan of fetal limb cartilage was examined by biochemical and immunofluorescent techniques. While a normal amount of type II collagen was found, the amount of proteoglycan was reduced as determined by chemical analysis and incorporation of labeled precursors. Analyses of labeled proteoglycans by glycerol density gradient centrifugation under dissociative conditions and by gel filtration showed that the major high molecular weight proteoglycan characteristic of cartilage was absent, but smaller proteoglycans were present in normal amounts. Antibodies directed against proteoglycan core protein failed to stain the cmd/cmd cartilage while antibodies to type II collagen stained the cartilage without hyaluronidase pretreatment. Addition of beta-D-xyloside, an exogenous substrate for chondroitin sulfate synthesis, and direct assay for beta D-xylosyltransferase activity indicated that cmd/cmd cartilage cells contained normal levels of the enzymes required for chondroitin sulfate synthesis. The data suggest that cmd/cmd is defective in the synthesis of the cartilage proteoglycan core protein. PMID- 7240257 TI - Isolation and characterization of the major protein and glycoprotein of hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - Hepatitis B surface antigen has been purified and its major protein (p-25) and glycoprotein (gp-30) isolated. These isolated proteins have been subjected to amino acid analysis, Edman degradation (30 steps), carboxypeptidase digestion, and peptide mapping following tryptic hydrolysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, two-dimensional thin layer chromatography and electrophoresis, and high performance liquid chromatography. These studies demonstrated that p-25 and gp-30 have identical protein structure, differing only by the presence of carbohydrate in gp-30. Removal of this carbohydrate by treatment with anhydrous hydrofluoric acid converted gp-30 into p-25. The NH2-terminal sequence, carboxyl-terminal sequence, and the amino acid composition of several internal tryptic peptides were found to be consistent with the proposed protein sequence based upon the published sequences of hepatitis B viral DNA. The carbohydrate of gp-30 was demonstrated to be attached within the carboxyl-terminal 104 amino acids, most likely between residues 121 and 170. PMID- 7240258 TI - Acetylcholine receptor synthesis from membrane polysomes. AB - We have established conditions for the fractionation of cytoplasmic and membrane bound polyribosomes from the clonal mouse cell line BC3H-1. Polyribosome fractions are obtained in good yield and purity. They are active in protein synthesis when incubated with nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte lysates, and we have demonstrated that the cytoplasmic and membrane-bound fractions direct the synthesis of distinctly different sets of proteins. Using immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel analysis, we have shown that the membrane-bound but not the cytoplasmic polyribosomes direct the synthesis of two protein species (Mr = 39,000 nd 42,000) which are homologous to the native alpha subunit of acetylcholine receptor. Peptide maps suggest that the two species synthesized in vitro may correspond to the nonglycosylated and glycosylated forms, respectively, of the alpha subunit. PMID- 7240259 TI - Isolation and characterization of a DNA sequence complementary to an androgen inducible messenger RNA from mouse kidney. AB - Clones containing sequences corresponding to testosterone-inducible RNAs of mouse kidney have been identified within a cDNA clone bank prepared from size fractionated poly(A)-containing kidney RNA. A novel screening method was employed to specifically detect such sequences. One of these, pMK908, containing a 1.2 kilobase pair insert, was studied in detail. RNA blotting experiments show that the inserted DNA of pMK908 hybridizes to two kidney-specific RNA sequences, 2500 and 1500 nucleotides in length, both of which are rapidly induced by testosterone treatment of female mice in vivo. RNA excess hybridization studies reveal that these RNAs constitute approximately 0.004% of th total RNA population in female kidneys and are induced approximately 7-8-fold by testosterone. The RNA has been isolated and translated in a cell-free system and encodes a 43,000-dalton polypeptide chain. The induction of these RNAs by testosterone is independent of the pituitary gland, but does depend upon the testosterone receptor protein. The existence of pMK908, and other chimeric plasmids containing testosterone inducible sequences, should be valuable in understanding the response of the mouse kidney to androgens. PMID- 7240260 TI - Tetanus toxin association with developing neuronal cell cultures. Kinetic parameters and evidence for ganglioside-mediated internalization. AB - Rat cerebral neurons maintained in monolayer culture accumulate 125I-labeled tetanus toxin. Accumulation is receptor-mediated; i.e. it can be prevented by including unlabeled tetanus toxin, gangliosides, or tetanus antitoxin in the incubation medium but not by including tetanus toxoid, high concentrations of serum, or thyrotropin. Accumulation is time-dependent, reaching a plateau after approximately 3 h when 60% of the added toxin is associated with the cells. It is better at 0 degrees C than at ambient temperature and is significantly higher when 0.25 M sucrose replaces physiological salts in a medium containing 5% serum. Unlabeled tetanus toxin, tetanus antitoxin, and tetanus toxoid do not release the accumulated 125I-labeled tetanus toxin to any significant degree; however, gangliosides (50 micrograms/ml) can release 30% of the accumulated 125I-labeled toxin. Treatment of cells with Triton X-100, under conditions where over 90% of the lipids and 70% of the gangliosides are removed, extracts only 15% of the cell associated 125I-labeled toxin. Evidence is presented that over 50% of the accumulated toxin is internalized in a cellular compartment which is not in immediate equilibrium with the extracellular environment and which is associated with detergent-insoluble cellular constituents. The tetanus toxin accumulated in this compartment has the same gel electrophoretic pattern as the native toxin and is bioactive. The role of gangliosides as potential shuttle vehicles for tetanus toxin internalization is discussed as are the implications of these data to in vitro studies of the pathogenesis of tetanus-induced neurotoxicity. PMID- 7240263 TI - Additives to biological substances. I. Effect of added carbohydrates on bovine serum albumin. PMID- 7240262 TI - Structural specificities in acylation of hemoglobin and sickle hemoglobin by diaspirins. AB - Double-headed aspirins with bridging groups of different length and molecular structure have been examined for their reactivity with hemoglobin A or S. The compounds constructed are bound in the beta-cleft and show a wide range of beta beta cross-linking effectiveness. Oxygenation curves of the modified hemoglobins in the presence of inositol hexaphosphate are strikingly modified. Many of the diaspirins also produce substantial changes in the minimum gelling concentration of sickle hemoglobin. These reagents offer possibilities for further enhancement of specificity toward hemoglobin, particularly by taking advantage of stereoselectivities. PMID- 7240261 TI - Purification and crystallization of the polypeptide hormone human chorionic somatomammotropin. AB - We have purified the large polypeptide hormone human chorionic somatomammotropin to near electrophoretic homogeneity by a new purification scheme. The hormone crystallized from polyethylene glycol in a form suitable for high resolution x ray analysis; the crystals are monoclinic, space group C2, a = 123.9, b = 30.3, c = 53.8 A, beta = 119 degrees 30 min, with 1 molecule/asymmetric unit. The growth promoting activity of homogeneous hormone and of dissolved crystals was measured through their effect on committed erythroid precursor cells in tissue culture assays. Both homogeneous and redissolved crystalline hormone had activities comparable to that of hormone purified by standard procedures. The latter preparations yielded either no crystals, or disordered crystals unsuitable for x ray analysis. PMID- 7240264 TI - An accelerated stability test procedure for lyophilized measles vaccines. PMID- 7240265 TI - Stability of a dilute solution of tuberculin purified protein derivative at extreme temperatures. PMID- 7240267 TI - Estimation of resistance and elastance of the lungs in the presence of alinearities. A model study. PMID- 7240266 TI - The effects of different concentrations of glucose and horse serum on the growth of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in broth culture. PMID- 7240268 TI - Detection and correction of geometrical distortion in x-ray fluoroscopic images. PMID- 7240270 TI - Simulation of modified human airborne movements. PMID- 7240269 TI - Bending properties and ash content of fetal cranial bone. PMID- 7240271 TI - A technique for the calibration of instrumented spatial linkages used for biomechanical kinematic measurements. PMID- 7240272 TI - Quantitative analysis of myocardial force and contractile state in IN VIVO rate and rhythm disturbances. PMID- 7240273 TI - The biochemical properties of connective tissue in rabbits as influenced by short term glucocorticoid treatment. PMID- 7240274 TI - A comprehensive model for human motion simulation and its application to the take off phase of the long jump. PMID- 7240275 TI - Oscillating flow between a clot model and a stenosis. PMID- 7240276 TI - Stress on the articular surface of the hip joint in healthy adults and persons with idiopathic osteoarthrosis of the hip joint. PMID- 7240277 TI - Power requirements and mechanical efficiency of treadmill walking. PMID- 7240278 TI - Analytical and experimental evidence to invalidate the cross-over femoral "steal phenomena" in unilateral ilio-femoral disease. PMID- 7240280 TI - Finite-element analysis of flow induced by contractions like those of the intestine. PMID- 7240279 TI - Mechanical properties of aortas and pulmonary arteries of calves implanted with cardiac prostheses. PMID- 7240281 TI - Antler structure and function--a hypothesis. PMID- 7240282 TI - A simulation procedure for human motion studies. PMID- 7240283 TI - The mechanics of pancreatic pseudocyst. PMID- 7240284 TI - Left ventricular midwall dynamics in the right anterior oblique projection in intact unanesthetized man. PMID- 7240285 TI - Technological development for the measurement of the center of volume in the human body. PMID- 7240286 TI - Isotropy and homogeneity of lung tissue deformation. PMID- 7240287 TI - Improved techniques for measuring in vitro the geometry and pressure distribution in the human acetabulum--I. Ultrasonic measurement of acetabular surfaces, sphericity and cartilage thickness. PMID- 7240288 TI - Wave attenuation in skeletons of young healthy persons. PMID- 7240290 TI - Comment on the paper "A technique for obtaining spatial kinematic parameters of segments of biomechanical systems from cinematographic data". PMID- 7240289 TI - Stress-strain relationship of the spinal cord of anesthetized cats. PMID- 7240291 TI - The variable-axis knee prosthesis. Two-year follow-up study. AB - This study reports the clinical results following knee replacement with the variable-axis knee prosthesis. All patients have been followed for a minimum of two years. The first consecutive fifty-two patients, comprising a total of fifty five knee replacements, were personally reviewed by an independent evaluator. The results on a subjective basis consisted of 79 per cent good to excellent results, 15 per cent fair results, and 6 per cent failures. Failures were related to infection or continued pain. Fair results reflected some patellar discomfort or instability. There was no detectable clinical loosening of the components in any patient. To date, the design of the variable-axis prosthesis appears to offer promise in the control of the complication of prosthetic loosening. PMID- 7240292 TI - Total knee arthroplasty in classic hemophilia. AB - Thirteen total knee replacements of the semiconstrained type were performed in ten patients with classic hemophilia (factor-VIII deficiency) and followed for two to six and one-half years. The average age at operation was twenty-seven years. Preoperatively, all patients complained of severe pain and were markedly disabled: five required wheelchairs and five needed crutches to walk. All patients had declared themselves willing to accept arthrodesis as the only surgical alternative. The results of the total knee arthroplasties, as determined by a standard knee-scoring system, were four knees rated as excellent or good and eight rated as fair. The thirteenth knee required an arthrodesis after a deep infection and was rated as a failure. Pain and function were markedly improved, and no patient required a wheelchair postoperatively. Although the postoperative knee motion was only slightly improved, it was in a range that meant a more functional knee. Postoperative complications included intra-articular or intramuscular bleeding in three patients and one posterior tibial and three peroneal-nerve palsies, one of which still was not completely resolved at the time of writing. Total knee arthroplasty in hemophilia appears to be a satisfactory procedure for reconstruction of the severely damaged knee when arthrodesis is the only other acceptable alternative. PMID- 7240293 TI - Treatment of displaced segmental radial-head fractures. Long-term follow-up. AB - We did a retrospective study of forty segmental fractures of the radial head in thirty-nine patients. Good results were achieved in twenty of thirty-four fractures with non-operative treatment. In six patients the radial head was excised totally and in only one was a good result achieved. The average follow-up was 10.0 years. Only rarely was there deterioration of the short-term results. The prognosis was not affected by the extent of the depression, the size of the fragment, or the degree of comminution. We concluded that the only indication for operation in this type of fracture is a loose fragment in the joint. PMID- 7240294 TI - Operative treatment of olecranon fractures. Excision or open reduction with internal fixation. AB - We reviewed the cases of 107 patients who underwent surgical treatment of an isolated fracture of the olecranon. Fifty-three patients were treated by primary excision and fifty-four, by open reduction and internal fixation by various methods. Static and dynamic strength measurements were obtained from the elbow extensors of twenty-nine patients from these two groups. In the over-all series, the ratings for pain, function, range of motion, elbow stability, and incidence of degenerative joint changes were similar for each group. However, thirteen local complications occurred in the fifty-four patients who had open reduction and two, in the fifty-three who had primary excision. Need for removal of the fixation device led to an additional thirteen procedures in the fixation group. Biomechanical testing demonstrated no significant difference in elbow extensor performance for the two groups. PMID- 7240295 TI - Some vagaries of the olecranon. AB - The maturing olecranon of the ulna is readily prone to misinterpretation because its normal radiographic characteristics may closely resemble those of fractures, for the following reasons: (1) just prior to ossification of the olecranon epiphysis, a straight sclerotic edge develops in the associated metaphysis on the proximal part of the ulna; (2) ossification of the olecranon begins in two or more centers that commonly fuse with each other before fusing with the parent bone and that may be separated widely from the metaphysis in the early stages; and (3) the physis of the olecranon frequently migrates distally into the joint and may simulate a fracture line. Features distinguishing the normal olecranon from a fracture are discussed in this paper. PMID- 7240296 TI - Surgical treatment of scoliosis following poliomyelitis. A review of one hundred and ten cases. AB - We reviewed the cases of 110 patients with paralytic scoliosis due to poliomyelitis who were operated on. In the lumbar region, anterior Dwyer instrumentation with posterior fusion gave excellent correction of scoliosis and pelvic obliquity. In the more rigid thoracic curves, combined anterior Dwyer instrumentation and posterior fusion gave better results than posterior fusion alone, but had more morbidity. Long c-shaped curves benefited more from a combined anterior Dwyer procedure at the apex of the curve and long posterior Harrington instrumentation. Traction was found to be of use only in rigid curves and in those larger than 80 degrees. With combined anterior and posterior fusion, there was a pseudarthrosis rate of 7 per cent in lumbar curves, none in thoracic curves, and 12.5 per cent in long c-shaped curves. The pseudarthrosis rate rose to more than 25 per cent in patients who had a posterior fusion alone. PMID- 7240297 TI - Radial club-hand deformity. Long-term follow-up. AB - In 1970, the results of the treatment of fourteen patients with radial club hand were reported. Ten years later, we re-examined ten of these patients. There was little change in the measurements of ulnar bowing or ulnar length over the intervening decade, and the treated patients retained the cosmetic and functional improvement previously described. They also adapted satisfactorily to performing activities of daily living. PMID- 7240298 TI - Hip adductor transfer compared with adductor tenotomy in cerebral palsy. AB - In a ten-year study in patients with cerebral palsy, fifty patients had ninety eight adductor transfers and fifty-two patients had 102 adductor tenotomies with or without obturator neurectomy. The groups were similar with regard to severity of their disease, age, and associated concomitant surgery. Results were evaluated in three ways: functional change, change in passive motion of the hip, and change in stability of the hip. Our data support the view that although the adductor transfer operation takes longer and is associated with a higher incidence of postoperative drainage, the over-all improvement is greater and is maintained better than that after adductor tenotomy with or without neurectomy. The transferred muscle provides greater pelvic stability, decreases hip-flexion contractures, and reduces instability of the hip. PMID- 7240299 TI - Closed treatment of subtrochanteric fractures of the femur in a modified cast brace. AB - We studied a series of fifteen consecutive subtrochanteric fractures treated in a long quadrilateral cast-brace with a pelvic band. Patients with severely comminuted fractures in which stability cannot be obtained by internal fixation, as well as those with open fractures, are considered candidates for such treatment. Treatment with preliminary traction followed by a ambulatory cast brace with a pelvic band resulted in a shorter period of treatment, an excellent range of motion of the hip and knee, and no non-unions in the fifteen comminuted or open fractures. Shortening, angulation, and rotational deformity were not significant complications. It must be emphasized that this treatment regimen requires exacting attention to detail by the treating physician. The amount of time needed from the physician in this form of treatment is considerably greater than that after open reduction and internal fixation. PMID- 7240300 TI - The effect of prolonged physical training on the properties of long bone: a study of Wolff's Law. AB - Five one-year-old immature swine were subjected to twelve months of exercise training. Four matched swine with no training served as controls. After they were killed, four-millimeter-wide strips of bone taken from the anterior, medial, posterior, and lateral quadrants of the central femoral diaphysis were subjected to four-point bending tests to failure. It was found that although exercise did not change the mechanical properties of the cortical bone, it resulted in significant increases in the averaged femoral cross-sectional properties: 17 per cent in cortical thickness, 23 per cent in cortical cross-sectional area, and 21 per cent and 27 per cent in maximum and minimum area moments of inertia, respectively. These changes were due primarily to reduction in the diameter of the medullary canal. The analyses of bone composition showed that the bone density and biochemical contents of the control and exercised animals were similar, but the total volume and the dry, ash, and calcium weights of the exercised bone were significantly higher. These combined results suggest that prolonged exercise has a significant effect on the quantity of the bone, but not on its quality. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: It has long been recognized that stress deprivation from immobilization in plaster casts results in profound bone atrophy, and it is generally accepted that a minimum level of activity is necessary for homeostasis of bone. These results show that exercise at a level comparable to that prescribed in running fitness programs for humans (65 to 80 per cent of maximum heart rate) can not only maintain homeostasis, but produce actual hypertrophy of bone. This work further suggests the importance of graduated, prolonged, supervised rehabilitation programs in overcoming osteoporotic states. PMID- 7240301 TI - Biochemical changes in the collagen of the palmar fascia in patients with Dupuytren's disease. AB - The palmar fascial tissues of more than 400 patients with Dupuytren's disease were studied biochemically and compared with normal tissue obtained from more than 100 patients who were undergoing hand surgery for other reasons. No alterations of the molecular structure or the state of macromolecular aggregation of the collagen in Dupuytren's disease were detected by wide or low-angle x-ray diffraction studies or by transmission electron microscopy. Major biochemical changes in the palmar fascia affected by Dupuytren's disease included increased collagen and hexosamine contents and the presence of galactosamine in the most severely involved tissue. Type-III collagen, which is virtually absent from normal adult palmar fascia, was abundant in the tissue of patients with Dupuytren's disease. Post-translational modifications included a very elevated hydroxylysine content, an increase in the total number of reducible cross-links, and the appearance of hydroxylysinohydroxynorleucine (virtually absent from normal palmar fascia) as the major reducible cross-link. Even palmar fascia from patients with Dupuytren's disease that appeared grossly and histologically normal showed the same biochemical changes, albeit to a lesser extent. All of these biochemical changes are similar to those that occur during the active stages of connective-tissue wound repair. This includes the rapid synthesis and turnover of collagen which leads to newly synthesized, immature collagen being more abundant in the involved tissue than in normal tissue. There is no evidence that the gross, macroscopic contracture of the palmar fascia in Dupuytren's disease is due to shortening, plication, or contraction of the collagen fibrils or fibers present in the tissue at the onset of the disease or synthesized during its development. Instead, we propose that the gross contracture (shortening) of the palmar fascia in Dupuytren's disease is due to an active cellular process that progressively draws the distal extremities of the affected tissue closer together at the same time that the original tissue is being replaced. The result of these two processes is simply a shorter, smaller piece of tissue fabric containing collagen molecules, fibrils, and fibers of normal length and organization, but with pretranslational and posttranslational modifications similar to those observed in collagens during the active stages of connective-tissue repair in general. PMID- 7240302 TI - The depot administration of penicillin G and gentamicin in acrylic bone cement. AB - The in vitro elution of penicillin and gentamicin from polymethylmethacrylate was studied qualitatively and quantitatively. Penicillin eluted poorly from Simplex P. Higher levels of penicillin eluted in sustained fashion from Palacos; concentrations of one microgram or more per gram of cement were recorded during the thirteen weeks of observation. Although the in vitro leaching of gentamicin from Palacos cement was similar to that of penicillin, there were two important differences: (1) most of the gentamicin leaching from the Palacos did so within the first twenty-four hours, and (2) the concentrations decreased to less than one microgram per gram of cement after the sixth week of observation. The in vivo elutions of penicillin and gentamicin from Palacos were studied in canine femora. The concentrations of penicillin and gentamicin in the endosteal bone at the bone cement interface exceeded the concentrations found after intravenous administration of either agent. Bactericidal concentrations of gentamicin in osseous tissue persisted for seven months after implantation. Peak concentrations in serum following the depot administration of either penicillin or gentamicin occurred within thirty minutes of implantation. Concentrations of gentamicin in serum did not approach toxic levels. These data suggest that a high concentration of either penicillin or gentamicin can be obtained at the bone-cement interface- one of the vulnerable sites in total joint arthroplasty--for a prolonged period with the depot administration of these agents in acrylic bone cement. These osseous concentrations can be achieved without exposing the patient to elevated levels in serum and their potential toxic side effects. PMID- 7240303 TI - Treatment of tibial osteomyelitic defects and infected pseudarthroses by the Huntington fibular transference operation. AB - The Huntington fibular transference operation was done in three patients with tibial defects resulting from osteomyelitis and in three patients with infected pseudarthroses. It has proved to be an ideal procedure when the local condition of either skin or bone, or both, is not suitable for conventional bone-grafting operations. The fibula, transferred as a pedicle graft, hypertrophies under weight-bearing stresses, fixing the tibial fragments and stimulating osteogenesis. The procedure is carried out in two stages and bypasses the site of infection. It does not carry the risk of causing a flare-up of infection and it is most suitable for young patients. PMID- 7240304 TI - Avulsion fracture of the superior border of the scapula. Report of five cases. PMID- 7240305 TI - Restoration of sensation to the sole of the foot by nerve transfer. A case report. PMID- 7240307 TI - Osteomyelitis of the greater trochanter in children. Report of three cases. PMID- 7240306 TI - Intracranial entrapment of the atlas complicating an untreated fracture of the posterior arch of the atlas. A case report. PMID- 7240308 TI - Division of the sensory ramus communicans between the ulnar and median nerves: a complication following carpal tunnel release. A case report. PMID- 7240309 TI - Dislocation of the hip following Ender nailing. A case report. PMID- 7240310 TI - Anterior intervertebral fusion of the cervical spine. A technical note. PMID- 7240311 TI - A new technique for removal of broken femoral stems in total hip replacement. A technical note. PMID- 7240313 TI - Continuity in change. PMID- 7240312 TI - Are routine oblique roentgenograms of the lumbar spine of value? PMID- 7240314 TI - The validity of orthopaedic in-training examination scores. PMID- 7240315 TI - Simultaneous complex dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the long and index fingers. A case report. PMID- 7240317 TI - Dislocation of the triangular bone. Report of a case. PMID- 7240316 TI - Succinylcholine, paraplegia, and intraoperative cardiac arrest. A case report. PMID- 7240318 TI - Congenital absence of the thenar muscles. Report of two cases. PMID- 7240319 TI - Bone overgrowth (hypertrophy) as a cause of late paraparesis after scoliosis fusion. A case report. PMID- 7240320 TI - Inverted osteochondral fracture of the talus diagnosed by tomography. A case report. PMID- 7240321 TI - Congenital absence of the menisci and cruciate ligaments of the knee. A case report. PMID- 7240322 TI - Fractures below non-cemented femoral implants. Treatment with Ender nailing. PMID- 7240323 TI - An operating table for total knee arthroplasty. A technical note. PMID- 7240324 TI - Measurement of blood flow to bone and marrow in experimental animals by means of the microsphere technique. PMID- 7240325 TI - Management of thoracolumbar fractures with neural damage. PMID- 7240326 TI - Recurrent transient subluxation of the shoulder. PMID- 7240327 TI - A biomechanical study of normal functional elbow motion. AB - We studied thirty-three normal patients, eighteen women and fifteen men, for normal motion and the amount of elbow motion required for fifteen activities of daily living. The amounts of elbow flexion and forearm rotation (pronation and supination) were measured simultaneously by means of an electrogoniometer. Activities of dressing and hygiene require elbow positioning from about 140 degrees of flexion needed to reach the occiput to 15 degrees of flexion required to tie a shoe. Most of these activities are performed with the forearm in zero to 50 degrees of supination. Other activities of daily living (such as eating, using a telephone, or opening a door) are accomplished with arcs of motion of varying magnitudes. Most of the activities of daily living that were studied in this project can be accomplished with 100 degrees of elbow flexion (from 30 to 130 degrees) and 100 degrees of forearm rotation (50 degrees of pronation and 50 degrees of supination). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These data, not previously recorded, may be used to provide an objective basis for the determination of disability impairment, to determine the optimum position for elbow splinting or arthrodesis, and to assist in the design of elbow prostheses. The motion needed to perform essential daily activities is obtainable with a successful total elbow arthroplasty. PMID- 7240328 TI - Malignant giant-cell tumor of the distal end of the radius treated by a free vascularized fibular transplant. AB - Five patients with a malignant giant-cell tumor involving the distal end of the radius were treated successfully by wide resection and reconstruction of the radius with a vascularized fibular transplant. This technique has the great advantage of early bone union at the host-graft junction and enables the patient to regain limb function early, with preservation of near-normal appearance of the limb. PMID- 7240329 TI - The pronator teres syndrome: compressive neuropathy of the median nerve. AB - Thirty-nine patients with a clinical diagnosis of the pronator teres syndrome were seen during a seven-year period. They typically complained of aching discomfort in the forearm, weakness in the hand, and numbness in the thumb and index finger. Cyclic stress usually brought on the symptoms. The distinctive physical finding was tenderness over the proximal part of the pronator teres, which was aggravated by resisted pronation of the forearm, flexion of the elbow, and occasionally by resisted contraction of the flexor superficialis of the long finger. Electrophysiological testing of the median nerve showed abnormalities in a few patients, but localization of the abnormality was possible only rarely. Intraoperative recordings showed some improvement shortly after release of the median nerve in six of the ten forearms that were tested. Surgical exploration of thirty-six forearms in thirty-two patients showed intramuscular tendinous bands in the pronator, indentation of the muscle belly of the flexor superficialis in most forearms. Vascular and muscular abnormalities were seen occasionally. Of the thirty-six operations, twenty-eight gave good or excellent results; five, fair; and in three patients the symptoms were unchanged. The cause of failure was either inadequate decompression or misdiagnosis. PMID- 7240331 TI - Determination of the Catterall classification in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. AB - Fifty hips in forty-four children with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, treated at the Shriners Hospital for Crippled Children, San Francisco, were evaluated with a simplified method of Catterall's classification. Our data indicate that the Catterall rating changed in 40 per cent of the hips when they were classified before they had reached the fragmentation stage of Waldenstrom compared with only 6 per cent when they were classified after fragmentation had occurred. PMID- 7240330 TI - Epiphyseal extrusion as a prognostic index in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. PMID- 7240332 TI - Fractures in lower limbs with prior amputation. A study of ninety cases. AB - Eighty-five lower-limb amputees with ninety subsequent fractures of the residual limb were studied retrospectively. Most of the fractures were managed by non operative methods, with the exception of unstable intertrochanteric fractures and displaced fractures of the femoral neck. Indications for operative and non operative treatment in below-the-knee and above-the-knee amputees are outlined. No indication was found for reamputation through the fracture site. Before fracture, all amputees used a prosthesis. After healing of the fracture, 97 per cent of the patients with amputation below the knee and 82 per cent of those with amputation above the knee resumed use of a prosthesis. PMID- 7240333 TI - The treatment of unstable fractures of the tibia and fibula with flexible medullary wires. A review of two hundred and thirty-five fractures. AB - A retrospective study was done of the treatment of closed and open unstable fractures of the tibia and fibula with flexible intramedullary wires in 223 patients with 235 fractures. The surgical procedure is relatively atraumatic to the tibia, can be learned easily by the surgeon, and does not require complicated or expensive instrumentation. The flexible intramedullary wires permit stabilization of the fractures in a functional position. External support by a long cast in the initial phase of treatment is necessary, but full weight-bearing is usually allowed during the third to fourth week. This has proved to be a beneficial method of treatment for bilateral fracture of the tibia and fibula and for combined femoral and ipsilateral tibiofibular fractures. Of the 235 fractures, fifty-seven (24.3 per cent) were closed and 178 (75.7 per cent) were open. Primary healing of soft tissue and bone occurred in fifty-three (92.9 per cent) of the closed fractures and in 117 (65.7 per cent) of the open fractures. The complication rate in closed fractures was 7.1 per cent, primarily due to delayed bone union. There was a 34.3 per cent complication rate in the open fractures, of which thirty-one (17.4 per cent) showed delayed soft-tissue healing, ten (5.6 per cent) had delayed bone union, and eight (4.4 per cent) resulted in deep infection with osteomyelitis. There were eight non-unions in the open, uninfected fractures, five of which healed after bone-grafting. Flexible intramedullary wiring of the tibia should be considered as an alternate method of treatment in the presence of an unstable fracture. PMID- 7240334 TI - Tibial osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the knee. A five to ten-year follow-up study. AB - Of the 141 osteoarthritic knees treated by tibial osteotomy at the Kotka Central Hospital from 1969 to 1974, 103 (ninety-two with a varus deformity and eleven with normal alignment) were followed for at least five years, the average follow up being 6.9 years. In eighty-six knees (83.5 per cent) the result was good or fair. In the ninety-two knees with a varus deformity, the best results were achieved when the postoperative femorotibial angle was 167 to 175 degrees. In the eleven knees with normal preoperative alignment, the osteotomy was designed to shift the load to the compartment in which there was less osteoarthritis involvement. In nine of these eleven knees there was an average change in angulation (varus or valgus) of 5.3 degrees (range, 3 to 9 degrees) and the result was good or fair. All osteotomies united without reoperation. The incidence of delayed union was 3.6 per cent when the osteotomy was proximal and 14 per cent when it was distal to the tibial tubercle. The elimination of the tethering effect of the fibula by osteotomy or release of the proximal tibiofibular joint did not prevent the recurrence of varus deformity. At an average of 3.4 years after the osteotomy, deterioration was demonstrable in twenty-six knees in which the initial result had been good. This is a higher incidence of deterioration than in previously published series. In sixteen of the 103 knees, a total arthroplasty subsequently was performed because of a poor result, at an average of 7.6 years after the osteotomy. PMID- 7240335 TI - Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty using polycentric and geometric hemicomponents. AB - Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty was performed in 207 knees of 179 patients using either a polycentric (188) or a geometric (nineteen) hemicomponent. After an average follow-up of 2.6 years, the results in 184 (89 per cent) of the knees were satisfactory. Pain and the need for ambulatory aids were reduced, and the distance the patients could walk was increased. Twenty-three (11 per cent) of the 207 procedures were rated as failures. The major cause of failure was loosening of the components (tibial in twelve and femoral in one); there also were unexplained pain in five knees, problems with the opposite unreplaced compartment in three, technical error in one, and pain in the patellofemoral joint in one. Nine of 155 intraoperative specimens for bacterial culture obtained during unicompartmental arthroplasty were positive, and two specimens that were positive on culture were obtained during revision of twenty failed unicompartmental arthroplasties. No gross or histological evidence of infection was demonstrated at operation. Based on this study, we concluded that this procedure can provide satisfactory relief of pain, adequate knee motion, and increased levels of independence and activity for patients with unicompartmental disease who are not suitable candidates for proximal tibial osteotomy or total knee replacement. PMID- 7240336 TI - The role of incompetence of the anterior cruciate and lateral ligaments in anterolateral and anteromedial instability. A biomechanical study of cadaver knees. AB - The anterolateral and anteromedial stability of seventeen fresh frozen cadaver knees was studied in a test apparatus designed to simulate physiological conditions. Statistically significant increases in internal rotation occurred in seven knees when only the anterior cruciate ligament was sectioned, and these increases were enhanced by subsequent sectioning of the posterolateral complex and the lateral collateral ligament, singly or in combination. On the other hand, sectioning of the posterolateral complex and of the lateral collateral ligament, leaving the anterior cruciate intact, did not produce significant increases in internal rotation until the anterior cruciate ligament was sectioned in seven knees. When the entire anterolateral capsule was sectioned as far posterior as the lateral collateral ligament in three knees, no changes in internal or external rotation occurred. Only when the posterolateral complex was sectioned was there a significant increase in external rotation in any of the ligament sectioning sequences. Thus, it appears that for pathological internal rotation of the tibia on the femur to occur, the anterior cruciate ligament must be incompetent. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The test apparatus and the results are useful in assessing which ligament structures contribute to clinically noted rotational knee instabilities. PMID- 7240337 TI - An in vivo biomechanical evaluation of anterior-posterior motion of the knee. Roentgenographic measurement technique, stress machine, and stable population. PMID- 7240338 TI - Pathological fractures through non-ossifying fibromas. Review of the Mayo Clinic experience. AB - Twenty-three cases of a pathological fracture through a lesion verified histologically as non-ossifying fibroma were seen over a forty-nine-year period. The average age of the patients at the time of fracture was twelve years. All fractures except one were located in the lower extremity, most frequently in the distal end of the tibia (ten). The percentage of bone occupied by the fibroma in the transverse plane exceeded 50 per cent on both the anteroposterior and the lateral radiographs in every patient. The vertical length was always the maximum dimension and in all non-fibular lesions exceeded thirty-three millimeters. Treatment consisted of cast immobilization with biopsy at a later date, simple curettage, curettage and autogenous bone-grafting, or segmental resection of fibular lesions. PMID- 7240339 TI - In vivo strain measurements from bone and prosthesis following total hip replacement. An experimental study in sheep. PMID- 7240341 TI - Stimulatory effect on DNA synthesis of thymus and spleen extract from leukemic AKR mice. AB - A 30,000-50,000 molecular weight (MW) extract of thymus and spleen from 11 age groups of untreated AKR mice, 1-210 days old, was tested for in vitro effect on thymidine incorporation into normal AKR lymph node cells, normal spleen cells, and leukemic thymocytes. Extracts from mice up to 5 months of age mostly had slightly inhibitory effect but concomitant with emergence of thymus leukemia in the 6-month-old mice, the extract acquired a strongly mitogenic effect on normal lymph node cells. Seven-month-old, non-leukemic animals again yielded extracts with inhibitory effect. PMID- 7240340 TI - Induction of carcinoids in the glandular stomach of rats by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. AB - A total of 30 inbred Wistar rats were orally administered 70 microgram/ml solution of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) for 35 weeks and then tap water for the following 20 to 30 weeks. Four of the 20 females and two of ten males developed carcinoids in the glandular stomach, but no metastasis could be found. Carcinoids developed most frequently in the fundic portion along the greater curvature. Histologically, these tumors were medullary anaplastic carcinomas containing two different endocrine cell populations. The first cell type was argentaffin having the electron-dense, somewhat pleomorphic secretory granules (437-810 nm) and the second type was argyrophil having round granules with a dense core and a pale halo (550 nm). None of these tumors showed endocrine immunoactivity for gastrin, somatostatin, insulin, glucagon, and enkephalin. One of these gastric tumors developed into scirrhous carcinoma, but differentiated adenocarcinoma could not be seen in the glandular stomach. PMID- 7240342 TI - Central nervous side effects following ifosfamide monotherapy of advanced renal carcinoma. AB - Ten patients with advanced renal carcinoma were treated by ifosfamide (50-60 mg/kd/day x 5 days). The treatment was repeated every 4 weeks and continued until progression appeared. Two patients came into partial remission, two had subjective improvement, and six did not respond. Seven patients developed acute psychopathological symptoms during the first ifosfamide-cycle. Five patients had visual and paranoid hallucinations, four patients were completely confused. Follow-up for up to 10 weeks showed a persisting organic brain syndrome in five patients. PMID- 7240343 TI - Radiation-induced meningeal and pituitary tumors in the rat after prenatal application of strontium-90. AB - Strontium-90 was inject i.v. into pregnant rats on day 18 post conception (p.c.). This caused a remarkable transplacental radioactivity uptake and accumulation in the ossification centers of the skull basis. The total radiation dose within the surface of these regions was consequently calculated to be 0.6-1.2 Gy within the entire lifespan. About 50% of it was delivered during the 7 days following the injection of the isotope. The pathologic examination of the offspring throughout their lifetime revealed a pituitary tumor frequency in the exposed groups which was about tenfold in the males and threefold in the females in comparison to the controls. A very outstanding result in the animals treated was the occurrence of metastasizing meningeal sarcomas in about 6% of all cases. In four cases (= 2%) the simultaneous occurrence of a pituitary adenoma and of a meningeal sarcoma could be observed. PMID- 7240344 TI - [Selective induction of tumors in Wistar rats with loop colostomy after administration of methyl-(acetoxymethyl)-nitrosamine (MAOMN) (author's transl)]. AB - A single dose of 7 mg/kg methyl-(acetoxymethyl)-nitrosamine in Wistar rats with double loop colostomy induced adenomas, papillomas, and adenocarcinomas at the site of colostomy in 83% of the treated animals. The mean induction time was 320 days. The pronounced local effect as well as the high tumor yield are discussed in regard to the evident high epithelial sensitivity at the colostomy site. PMID- 7240345 TI - Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase in cancer patient. AB - Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity in peripheral blood was determined in 113 patients with non-metastatic malignancies, 36 patients with metastatic spread, and 22 individuals who served as controls. The LAP score of the non metastatic cancer patients was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than the controls, and the score of the metastatic group was further increased significantly as compared to both control (p less than 0.001) and non-metastatic groups (p less than 0.001). The results of this survey suggest that the level of LAP score in peripheral blood might be used to differentiate between non metastatic and metastatic disease and might serve as an aid in prognosis of the patients. PMID- 7240347 TI - Introduction to symposium on the development and use of reliable data bases for quantitative structure-activity relationships. PMID- 7240348 TI - Development of a format for abstracting dose-response information from published studies for use in quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs). AB - The Toxic Substances Control Act subjects some 70 000 chemicals to regulatory action. However, empirical testing of the biological activities of this number of compounds is not feasible. An attractive alternative is the development of predictive methodology which can be used to estimate the potency of an untested compound toward a specific biological receptor. Prerequisite to such an enterprise is the highly systematic compilation of dose-response information for a wide range of biological end points and for a wide variety of molecular species. A format is described for abstracting relevant information from published studies. The format outlines the test system, experimental conditions, response analysis, exposure protocol, and results and presents the original data, all in an organized form. Regression analysis is used to estimate thresholds and potencies in the various test systems. The data may then be used to develop a predictive methodology. PMID- 7240346 TI - Comparative study on human pharmacokinetics of activated ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide by a modified fluorometric test. AB - The activated metabolites of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide (4-hydroxy ifosfamide and 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide) were analysed fluorometrically by condensation of liberated acrolein with m-aminophenol yielding 7 hydroxyguinoline. Interfering fluorescence of blood and urine was eliminated by extraction with dichlormethane and determination of blanks in which the liberated acrolein reacted with hydrazine to non-fluorescent pyrazoline. The modified test proved effective in identifying low levels of activated metabolites in man. After i.v. injection of 20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide peak levels of activated cyclophosphamide (4.7 nmol/ml) and the area under the curve (c.t = 16.7 nmol.ml/h) showed mean values three times higher than those found for activated ifosfamide. One per cent of the applied dosis of cyclophosphamide vs. 0.3% of ifosfamide was excreted as activated metabolites. Due to the high stability of activated cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in urine a low liberation rate of acrolein was found, the concentration of which in urine was below 0.5 nmol/ml. Acrolein, which was directly liberated from activated cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide, does not seem to play an important role in the urotoxicity of these cytostatics. PMID- 7240349 TI - EPA health and environmental effects data analysis system. AB - This paper discusses the development of a system to organize, store, retrieve, and correlate data pertaining to chemicals and their biological and environmental effects. The particular problems of data identification, acquisition, classification, and automation are discussed in relation to existing data sources and methods of data collection and analysis. The problems of computer software development are also addressed, and a design overview of the system is presented. PMID- 7240350 TI - Evaluation of an information retrieval system for assessment of toxicological effects of chemicals on fish, wildlife, and ecosystem components. AB - A user-oriented information retrieval system is needed for assessment of materials hazardous to fish, wildlife, food chain organisms, and other organisms essential to the maintenance to ecosystem processes and functions. Critical evaluation of data also requires rigorous documentation of test conditions, precision of methods used, and the sensitivity of the test organism. Particular emphasis of the evaluation was in developing practical criteria that aid in the use and interpretation of data with respect to need for further testing in a scoring exercise performed for the Toxic Substances Control Act Interagency Testing Committee. Recommendations are made for the integration of information on physical and chemical properties, health effects, ecotoxicology, and environmental concentration or exposure level. PMID- 7240351 TI - Relating mutagenicity to chemical structure. AB - A computer program correlating chemical structure with mutagenesis activity has been developed as a predictive test for hazard evaluation. Sets of substructural units are derived from complete structure, and the probability that a structure containing a given unit will have a designated category of activity is calculated. The program, validated by bacterial mutagenesis testing, is capable of identifying similar structures, showing why they are similar, and estimating the activity of a structure. PMID- 7240352 TI - The GENE-TOX program: genetic activity evaluation. AB - The GENE-TOX program, a two-phase evaluation from the existing literature of selected bioassays for detecting mutagenicity and presumptive carcinogenicity, is described. Sponsored and directed by the Office of Testing and Evaluation within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, this program will aid EPA in establishing standard genetic testing and evaluation procedures for the regulation of toxic substances and determining the direction of research and development in the area of genetic toxicology. PMID- 7240354 TI - CBF--computer handling of chemical and biological facts. AB - CBF is an EDP-supported documentation and retrieval system for structural formulas of defined organic compounds and their biological activities. It fits the needs of a firm concerned with drug research for prevailing unpublished internal data, which the scientists can use for reflections on structure-activity relationships and to search for lead compounds with specific activity profiles. PMID- 7240353 TI - An assessment of carcinogenicity of N-nitroso compounds by the SIMCA method of pattern recognition. AB - The ability to predict the toxic responses of potential environmental pollutants on the basis of their physiochemical properties has many advantages. Pattern recognition methods can be used to predict such pharmacological properties. In this report the SIMCA method of pattern recognition is used to predict the carcinogenicity of N-nitroso compounds, and the advantages of this method of pattern recognition in such applications are discussed. PMID- 7240355 TI - Identification of basic drugs by the thin-layer chromatographic profiles of their ninhydrin complexes. AB - Fifty-two common basic drugs produce various colours when spotted with ninhydrin on plastic thin-layer plates and heated. When the plate is then developed in a suitable solvent each of the coloured spots separates into a variety of additional coloured spots and patches, the number of which depends on the temperature of heating. The relative intensity and spatial arrangement form a profile that is highly characteristic of the compounds. The formation of such profiles was investigated at 100 and 160 degrees C. PMID- 7240356 TI - Sensitive gas chromatographic determination of certain glycerophosphates by use of the flame photometric detector. Application to glycerophospholipids. PMID- 7240357 TI - Determination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in goat milk and tissues by glass capillary gas chromatography and medium resolution mass fragmentography. AB - An analytical method has been developed for the study of the elimination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) by lactation and its determination in various tissues of goat. The method is based on the alkaline hydrolysis of milk, liver, fat, muscle, blood, faeces and urine samples, extraction with n-hexane, treatment with sulphuric acid-saturated silica gel, chromatographic clean-up on silica gel and alumina micro-columns, and glass capillary gas chromatography medium resolution mass fragmentography (resolution 2000). 1,2,3,4 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is used as the internal standard, the concentration of TCDD being determined from the calibration curve calculated from the peak heights of TCDD and the internal standard in the mass fragmentogram of the ion m/e 321.9. The minimum detectable level of TCDD varied from 0.5 to 1 ppt in milk (20 g), 1 ppt in muscle (10 g), 1 to 2 ppt in liver (10 g) and 2 to 5 ppt in fat (1 g). The TCDD level in the control animals was below the detection limit. The recovery of TCDD varied between 73 and 100%. The reproducibility of the analyses expressed as the relative standard deviation, was 5.1% at the 500-ppt level and 3.6% at the 20-ppt level. The reproducibility of the gas chromatographic-mass fragmentographic analysis was 2.4% (50-100 pg). PMID- 7240358 TI - Measurement of ethanolamine- and serine-containing phospholipids by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection of their Dns derivatives. AB - We describe a liquid chromatographic procedure for the analysis of amino group containing phosphoglycerides in tissue. The total lipid extract is derivatized with Dns-chloride at 50 degrees C for 3 h. Dns derivatives of phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylserine are separated by a silica gel column with gradient elution. The eluate is monitored by fluorescence detection at 342 nm (excitation) and 500 nm (emission). Ethanolamine and serine plasmalogens can be determined indirectly by converting their derivatives into Dns-lysophosphatidylethanolamine and Dns-lysophosphatidylserine with exposure to HCl fumes. The optimal sample size for derivative formation and analysis by this method is between 1 and 10 nmol of phospholipids (30 and 300 ng of lipid phosphorus), although the lower limit of detection is about 20 pmol. By analyzing the total lipid extract of rat brain we showed that the method was applicable to the quantitative analysis of amino group-containing phosphoglycerides in tissue samples. PMID- 7240359 TI - General method for the analysis of phosphatidylcholines by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7240360 TI - Reliability of blood pressure measurements: implications for designing and evaluating programs to control hypertension. PMID- 7240361 TI - Asbestos in drinking water and cancer in the San Francisco Bay Area: 1969-1974 incidence. PMID- 7240362 TI - Industrial cancer education and screening for 19,000 Cannon Mills employees. PMID- 7240363 TI - Long-term changes in blood pressure prior to the development of cerebral infarction--the Hisayama study. PMID- 7240365 TI - Estimation of peripheral arteriosclerotic disease by ankle blood pressure measurements in a population study of 60-year-old men and women. PMID- 7240364 TI - Serum cholesterol and risk of death from cancer and other causes in three Chicago epidemiological studies. PMID- 7240366 TI - Psychosomatic patterns of coronary risk in a community sample of New Zealand men. PMID- 7240367 TI - Cohort follow-up using computer linkage with routinely collected data. PMID- 7240368 TI - Human gamma-lipotropin radioimmunoassay: identification of immunoreactive gamma lipotropin in human plasma and tissue. AB - Disagreement exists concerning the relative contributions to total plasma immunoreactive human lipotropin (hLPH) made by h beta LPH and its amino-terminal fragment, h gamma LPH [h beta LPH-(1-58)]. Using an antiserum (R1547) which requires the free COOH-terminal Asp58 residue of h gamma LPH for full affinity and reacts only 1% as well with h beta LPH and antisera (R3 and G106) that react with both LPHs, we examined gel chromatography eluate fractions of plasma extracts from one normal subject under basal conditions and another after metyrapone administration, of plasma or plasma extracts from patients with ACTH/LPH hypersecretion of various causes, of an extract two normal pituitary glands, and an extract of an ectopic ACTH/LPH-secreting tumor. Immunoreactive h gamma LPH was always a major, frequently the predominant, and sometimes the only immunoreactive LPH observed. We also observed in plasma or tissue of two patients with ectopic ACTH/LPH syndrome a peptide whose immunoreactivity and apparent molecular size were consistent with those of octadecapeptide human beta MSH, a molecule that is not thought to exist in normal man. These studies demonstrate that h gamma LPH is a major LPH component in plasma and tissues and indicate that the h gamma LPH RIA provides a reliable estimate of the h gamma LPH concentration in plasma without prior chromatography. PMID- 7240369 TI - Circadian rhythm of cortisol is altered in postsurgical patients. PMID- 7240370 TI - Androgens and progestins in the human ovarian follicle: differences in the evolution of preovulatory, healthy nonovulatory, and atretic follicles. PMID- 7240371 TI - Human erythrocyte monoester lipase: characterization and radiochemical assay of the cell-bound enzyme in normal subjects. AB - A monoester lipase (MEL) activity (EC 3.1.1.3) is described in human red blood cells (RBC). The lipase acts as a cell-bound enzyme and is able to exert its catalytic activity in vitro toward an exogenously added emulsified substrate. The enzyme activity, which appears to be confined to the cell membrane, is inhibited by Triton X-100. The MEL activity of human RBC is assayed using intact RBC as the enzyme source, with an emulsion of ethyl [3H]oleate (2 mM) as the substrate. The optimum pH for the reaction is 7.8 at 37 C. Lipolytic rates are monitored by quantitation of the amount of [3H]oleic acid released during 20 min of incubation after extraction by means of a liquid-liquid partition system. Suspensions of purified RBC obtained from 161 healthy adult subjects had a MEL activity of 1022 +/- 134 microunits/10(12) RBC (mean +/- SD), with a normal range (+/- 2 SD) between 754-1290 microunits. The individual activity values varied from 733-1490 microunits. The median of the 161 subjects was 1010 microunits/10(12) RB. There was no significant difference between the mean activities of RBC samples from men and women. MEL activity in RBC from the cord blood of 16 normal infants was found to be 43% higher than that in adults, with an average activity of 1458 +/- 174 microunits (mean +/- SD). PMID- 7240372 TI - Cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and danazol. AB - The synthetic steroid, danazol [17 alpha-pregna-2,4-dien-20-yno-(2,3,d)isoxazol 17-ol], is used widely for the treatment of endometriosis. In nine subjects studied over a 6-month course of treatment and for 5 months subsequently, plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels fell during treatment (P less than 0.001) and were restored to pretreatment levels within 3-5 months after treatment ceased. In these patients, total cholesterol did not increase significantly, yet the depressed levels of HDL-C apparently masked an increase in the total cholesterol in the remaining lipoprotein classes (P less than 0.01). Triglyceride levels were not affected significantly over the course of the treatment. Lipoprotein electrophoresis indicated an elevated beta-lipoprotein band in the subjects using danazol. All effects of danazol on plasma levels of cholesterol and HDL-C were reversed within 3-5 months after the cessation of treatment. PMID- 7240373 TI - Effect of secretin on parathyroid hormone and calcitonin secretion. AB - The effect of secretin on secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) was evaluated by both in vitro and in vivo techniques. In in vitro studies with bovine parathyroid tissue, Secretin-Boots caused significant dose-related increases in PTH secretion. In in vitro studies with rat thyroparathyroid tissue, Secretin-Boots caused significant increases in both PTH and CT secretion. Infusion of Secretin-Boots or of synthetic secretin in biologically equivalent doses into rats caused similar increases in secretion of PTH and of CT. Infusion of multiple doses of synthetic secretin revealed a dose-related stimulation of both PTH and CT secretion. Infusion of Secretin-Boots into normal human subjects caused prompt and progressive significant increases in secretion of both PTH and CT, with return to baseline values within 90 min after termination of the infusion. These data suggest that secretin can stimulate hormonal secretion by parathyroid and thyroid C cells and that secretin may play a modulating role in the secretion of both PTH and CT. PMID- 7240374 TI - Increased 16 alpha-hydroxylation of estradiol in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of many chronic diseases with a predilection for the human female. The reasons for the high female to male (9:1) incidence remain unknown. The total extent of hydroxylation estradiol at either C 16 to more estrogenic metabolites or at C-2 to the catechol estrogens was determined by a radiometric method in the human. Comparing 23 SLE patients to 44 normal controls, an increase in the extent of hydroxylation toward the 16 alpha metabolites was found in SLE (SLE 15.2 +/- 4.3%, range 8.8-30%; normal 9.1 +/- 2.3%, range 5.3-14.4%; P less than 0.001). Increased 16 alpha-hydroxylation was found in both males (SLE 13.2 +/- 3.0%, normal 8.3 +/- 2.1%) and females (SLE 15.7 +/- 5%, normal 9.9 +/- 2.2%) with disease when compared to normal subjects. In addition, studies of several other chronic diseases by the same method did not indicate a similar alteration in 16 hydroxylation. No change in hydroxylation at C-2 was found in male patients, but a decrease was found in female patients. These data suggest that increased hydroxylation of estradiol at C-16 occurs in SLE. The 16 alpha-metabolites have been shown to be potent estrogens, and these data might give some insight into the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 7240375 TI - Daughters of women with breast cancer have elevated mean 24-hour prolactin (PRL) levels and a partial resistance of PRL to dopamine suppression. PMID- 7240376 TI - Aromatization of androstenedione to estrone by human adipose tissue in vitro. Correlation with adipose tissue mass, age, and endometrial neoplasia. PMID- 7240377 TI - The production rate of cortisol declines during recovery from anorexia nervosa. AB - The plasma concentration of cortisol is elevated in many patients with anorexia nervosa. It has remained unclear whether this elevation of plasma cortisol level is due only to a slowing of the rate of cortisol metabolism or whether there is, as well, an increase in adrenal secretory activity in anorexia nervosa. We studied adrenocortical activity in 9 female patients and one male patient with anorexia nervosa before and during recovery. The 24-h mean level of plasma cortisol and the rate of urinary free cortisol excretion decreased during recovery, from 11.4 to 7.4 micrograms/dl and from 225 to 116 micrograms/day, respectively (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.10, paired t test). These changes were associated with a significant decline in the rate of cortisol production from 24.3 to 17.9 mg/day as measured by radioisotope dilution (P less than 0.005). These results suggest that adrenal secretory activity is increased in anorexia nervosa and that the elevation of plasma cortisol level observed in this syndrome reflects not only a slowing of cortisol metabolism but also a rise in cortisol production. PMID- 7240378 TI - Nerve growth factor in human umbilical cord serum: demonstration of a veno arterial gradient. AB - An heterologous radioreceptor assay (RRA) for nerve growth factor (NGF) has been developed to measure NGF in human umbilical cord serum. The RRA uses mouse NGF (mNGF) as iodination material and as standard and a rat pheochromocytoma clonal line of cells (PC-12) as a source of NGF receptor (KD = 3.8 X 10(-9)M). Human cord serum exhibited parallel displacement of radiolabeled NGF in the RRA. Umbilical vein and artery NGF concentrations were measured in 22 healthy, full term infants. The mean and (SEM) umbilical vein NGF concentration (30.4 +/- 3.2 pM/ml) significantly exceeded the mean umbilical artery NGF concentration (22.4 +/- 3.3 pM/ml) (p less than 0.05). Cord serum also produced a positive bioassay response (neurite outgrowth) in PC-12 cells, and this response was inhibited by anti-hNGF antiserum. These results are compatible with placental synthesis and secretion of NGF and suggest the possibility that NGF may play a role in autonomic and perhaps central nervous system maturation in the human fetus. PMID- 7240379 TI - Plasma melatonin increases during exercise in women. AB - Melatonin was measured in plasma of seven women volunteers before and after serial acute submaximal exercise tests performed during the course of a two month, progressive endurance training program. Plasma melatonin increased during all exercise sessions and declined towards baseline values when re-measured thirty minutes after completion of each exercise. This finding indicates that vigorous physical activity elicits transient increases in plasma melatonin in both sedentary and trained women. PMID- 7240380 TI - Cholesterol metabolism in human cancer cells in monolayer culture. V. The effect of progesterone on the regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity by low density lipoprotein. AB - The effect of progesterone on the regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase activity by low density lipoprotein (LDL) was studied in eight gynecological cancer cell lines maintained in monolayer culture. In the absence of LDL and progesterone, the specific activity of HMG CoA reductase varied widely from one cell line to another (range, 200-2500 pmol mg microsomal protein-1 min-1). As in noncancerous cells, LDL suppressed the activity of HMG CoA reductase in all cell lines. Progesterone (40 microM) attenuated or abolished the decrease in specific enzyme activity normally brought about by LDL. Progesterone, in the absence of LDL, stimulated HMG CoA reductase activity in some of these cell lines. Other steroids (cortisol and estradiol) had no effect on the specific activity of HMG CoA reductase. The mechanism by which progesterone stimulates HMG CoA reductase activity is not clear, but since progesterone receptors were not detectable in these cells a mechanism independent of the classic hormone receptor-mediated phenomenon is likely to be involved. PMID- 7240381 TI - Radioimmunoassay for the middle region of human parathyroid hormone: studies with a radioiodinated synthetic peptide. AB - We radioiodinated a synthetic fragment representing residues 44-68 from the middle region of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH). At least 90% of the purified [125I]-hPTH-(44-68) was able to bind to anti-hPTH serum. Antibody-bound [125I]hPTH-(44-68) could be rapidly and efficiently separated from nonbound radioligand by dextran-coated charcoal. [125I]hPTH-(44-68) was not degraded after a 72-h incubation in undiluted plasma at 7 C, and it was stable for many weeks at -20 C in a 1% albumin buffer. [125I]hPTH-(44-68) was used to develop midregion specific PTH RIAs. The immunoreactive PTH concentration in plasma was above the upper limit of the normal range in 39 of 43 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Values from the midregion assay and an established carboxy terminus assay correlated using peripheral plasma from 17 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (r = 0.84; P less than 0.0001) or using parathyroid gland venous effluent plasma from the same 17 patients (r = 0.79; P less than 0.0005). Gel filtration analysis of peripheral plasma from 2 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and azotemia suggested peptides possessing midregion immunoreactivity but deficient in carboxyterminus immunoreactivity. Similar peptides were present at higher concentrations in parathyroid gland venous effluent plasma than in peripheral plasma, indicating release from the parathyroid gland. In conclusion, [125I]hPTH-(44-68) had properties favorable for the development of RIAs reactive solely with the midregion of PTH. Fragments secreted in vivo by two human parathyroid glands were reactive in midregion assays but nonreactive in a carboxy-terminus assay. PMID- 7240382 TI - Lack of specificity of cortisol determinations in human urine. AB - The specificity of 7 different binding proteins (4 antibodies and 3 transins) was investigated in human urine. Pregnant and nonpregnant urine samples were extracted and chromatographed, and values were compared before and after chromatography. Without chromatography, all methods grossly overestimated the amount of cortisol present. Four methods gave higher values than the other 3 even after chromatography, possibly due to cross-reactivity with 20-dihydrocortisone which coelutes in part with cortisol. Interference also occurred in both the less polar and the more polar regions of the chromatograms with all assay systems. Values for a series of 20 urines were closely similar for the RTAs but widely divergent for the RIAs. Close correlations were found for all of the RTAs with each other and with the RIAs if simple methylene chloride extraction was used. A high degree of correlation was also found between extracted and unextracted urine values in the 4 systems studied. Cortisol values by RTA (dog transcortin) after chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 gave mean values of 20.5 +/- 9.7 microgram/day in men, 14.0 +/- 5.7 micrograms/day in cycling women, and 38.0 +/- 24.5 micrograms/day in women in late pregnancy (n = 6 in each group). It is concluded that there is no simple practical method currently available for true cortisol in urine, but that the measurement of adrenal corticoids in urine can afford an accurate reflection of adrenocortical function provided there is no gross metabolic abnormality present and that the normal range is carefully established for each particular method used. PMID- 7240383 TI - Quantitation of dengue precipitating antibody by inhibition countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis. AB - The inhibition countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis test was employed to detect dengue virus antibody in patients' sera. Anti-dengue type 2 titers determined by inhibition countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis correlated well with hemagglutination inhibition titers. In secondary cases, more than fourfold increases in precipitating antibodies were observed. The control sera were negative except for sera from a few patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, which showed low titers. Simultaneous detection of dengue virus antigen and antibody in sera collected during the acute phase could confirm at least 90% of cases. This method is recommended as a routine technique to quantitate antibody in sera from suspected cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever. PMID- 7240384 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against the core antigen of the hepatitis B virus (anti-HBc IgM) is described. The interference of IgM rheumatoid factor was evaluated quantitatively. In the anti-HBc IgM test, the rheumatoid factor gave false positive results when the concentration exceeded 20 IU/ml. The rheumatoid positive sera were disclosed by a control and retested for anti-HBc IgM after absorption of rheumatoid factor with latex particles aggregated with human IgG. In five of seven selected patients with acute hepatitis B followed to biochemical and clinical recovery, anti-HBc IgM was present transiently until antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) appeared. Two patients had persistent anti-HBc IgM during the follow-up period. Four patients with hepatitis B surface antigenemia and progression to chronic liver disease did not clear their anti-HBc IgM in the period of observation (11 to 24 months). Anti-HBc IgM could not be demonstrated in 223 of 225 Danish blood donors. The two donors found positive for anti-HBc IgM also had anti-HBs. Twenty patients with acute A or non A non-B hepatitis were negative for anti-HBc IgM. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-HBc IgM described here has a high specificity and sensitivity. The diagnostic relevance needs further evaluation, including quantitation of anti-HBc IgM, but the results presented indicate that anti-HBc IgM may be helpful in differentiating between prior and recent or ongoing hepatitis B infection. PMID- 7240385 TI - Amino acid requirements of a Chlamydia trachomatis genital strain in McCoy cell cultures. AB - Amino acid requirements of a Chlamydia trachomatis were defined in McCoy cell monolayer cultures, depleted of their nutrient reserves by maintenance in Earle balanced salt solution for at least 2 days, and then treated at infection with 1 microgram of cycloheximide per ml, an inhibitor of host cell protein and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Serum-free Waymouth MB 752/1 medium lacking one amino acid or a group of related amino acids was added to depleted cultures before infection. Eight of the amino acids normally present in MB 752/1 were essential for chlamydial growth, six were advantageous for growth, and five were nonessential. PMID- 7240386 TI - Antibiotic-resistant group JK bacteria in hospitals. AB - The organisms designated as Center for Disease Control group JK are gram-positive rods that have previously been described as causing serious infection in compromised hosts. Four years of hospital experience with this group of organisms in Clinical Center patients was reviewed. Studies were also undertaken on specific wards to determine frequency of occurrence and distribution patterns. Inguinal cultures taken on two wards showed that 30 to 35% of patients were colonized with group JK and that newly admitted patients may already be colonized at the time of admission. Colonization was shown to persist for weeks and sometimes months. Isolates obtained throughout the hospital were predominantly from cancer patients, particularly in wounds, abscesses, and drainage sites. Most blood isolates were from granulocytopenic patients with hematological malignancies. PMID- 7240387 TI - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection: study of an epizootic in squirrel monkeys. AB - An epizootic of an acutely fatal enteric disease in a colony of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) was attributed to infection by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype III. Of a total adult population of 96 animals at risk, there were six fatal cases of yersiniosis. Serological evaluation of the colony just after the outbreak ended revealed that 22 of 60 monkeys tested (37%) had significant antibody to Y. pseudotuberculosis (microagglutination titer of greater than or equal to 1:80) but did not have clinical disease. The outstanding pathological lesions noted in dying monkeys were acute, purulent, necrotic and focal enteritis primarily affecting the jejunum and ileum and focal hepatic necrosis and abscessation. Y. pseudotuberculosis was isolated from the organs of two of the dying monkeys. Using cold enrichment techniques, Yersinia was also isolated from the feces of two apparently healthy monkeys (both seropositive), from the spleen of a monkey dying of other causes, and from the colon contents of a stillborn squirrel monkey baby. All isolates had the same biotype and serotype. An episode of abortions was associated both temporally and spatially with the fatal cases of yersiniosis, and Y. pseudotuberculosis was cultured from the uterus of two of the dying monkeys, suggesting that yersinia infection may be associated with abortion, as well as with enteric infection, in these animals. PMID- 7240388 TI - Hemagglutinin-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to influenza A and B viruses. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect antibodies present in human serum or nasal washes directed against influenza A or B hemagglutinin glycoproteins. The assay was modified to measure the immunoglobulin isotype specificity of the anti-hemagglutinin response in serum and nasal secretions. In the postinfection sera anti-hemagglutinin of the immunoglobulin G isotype was predominant, whereas in nasal secretions the antibody was predominantly immunoglobulin A. The antibody response detected by the ELISA manifested hemagglutinin subgroup specificity. In addition, there was a good correlation between the ELISA antibody titer and the hemagglutination-inhibition or neutralizing antibody titer. The ELISA was more sensitive than the hemagglutination-inhibition assay, and the range of antibody titers measurable by ELISA in human serum was from less than 1:20 for children who had never experienced influenza infection to 1:400,000 for adults convalescing from a secondary infection. With more sensitive tests to detect antibody to the influenza hemagglutinin it should be possible to determine the relative contribution of local and systemic immunity to resistance to influenza virus infection. PMID- 7240389 TI - Transferable urease activity in Providencia stuartii. AB - Six urea-positive Providencia stuartii strains were tested for transmissible urease determinants. Two strains, when implanted with "helper" conjugative plasmids, were found to be capable of transferring urease genes to Escherichia coli or urea-negative P. stuartii. Recombination of the urease genes with the helper plasmid in P. stuartii was noted in one case. One of the urea-positive P. staurtii strains was found to harbor a conjugative plasmid which mediated both urease activity and ampicillin resistance. This large plasmid (molecular weight, approximately 140 x 10(6)) was transmissible to and stably maintained in E. coli strains. The demonstration of transmissible genes for urease activity in P. stuartii is significant in that it accounts for previous problems associated with classifying urea-positive strains of this species. PMID- 7240390 TI - Characteristics and biotypes of Pasteurella multocida isolated from humans. AB - Fifty-two isolates of Pasteurella (48 strains of Pasteurella multocida and 4 strains of atypical Pasteurella) were identified by conventional and commercial test systems. All strains fermented glucose, sucrose, and fructose in purple broth base (Difco Laboratories) with bromocresol purple as indicator, although the atypical Pasteurella produced fermentation reactions that were barely perceptible. Eleven different biotypes were identified by fermentation reactions in maltose, mannitol, xylose, sorbitol, and trehalose media. There was a correlation of biotypes to cat bites, with 61% of cat bite isolates falling into biotype A and B. A correlation of biotype and dog bite isolates was not seen. The choice of medium used for fermentation tests was critical as evidenced by the inability of the organisms to grow in a second commercially purchased preparation of purple broth base. The reliability of commercial test systems in identifying Pasteurella was 81% for Oxi/Ferm (Roche Diagnostics, Div. Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, N.J.), 68% for API (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.), and 11% for Minitek (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, MD.). PMID- 7240391 TI - Production of hemagglutinating of La Crosse virus by polyethylene glycol precipitation. AB - Hemagglutination titers of La Crosse virus antigens prepared in BHK-21 suspension cell cultures were substantially increased by precipitating the antigens with polyethylene glycol. PMID- 7240392 TI - Pseudomonas denitrificans meningitis. AB - An elderly male patient with Pseudomonas denitrificans bacteremia and meningitis is described. The antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum criteria necessary for the identification of this unusual and rare human pathogen are discussed. PMID- 7240393 TI - Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens septicemia. AB - Septicemia due to a recently described gram-negative, spiral-shaped anaerobe, Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens, is presented. The biochemical characteristics and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of this organism are reported. PMID- 7240394 TI - Nonspecific reactions in the hemagglutination inhibition test for detection of rubella antibodies. AB - Approximately 7% of the sera tested to determine the presence of rubella-specific antibodies by the hemagglutination inhibition test demonstrated abnormal patterns of reactivity, rendering the test unreadable. Another 3% of sera were shown to have false-positive titers as high as 1:128. When these abnormally reacting and false-positive sera were heated at 56 degrees C for 30 min after chemical treatment they always converted to negative, indicating the absence of specific rubella hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody. These results were confirmed by fractionation of the sera after sucrose gradient centrifugation. It was established that manifestation of these nonspecific results was dependent on the concentration of Ca2+ or Mn2+. The heat-labile inhibitor(s) responsible for abnormal and false-positive reactions was found not to be complement. This inhibitor(s) was detected in the light fractions of sera and when added to negative sera was capable of reproducing the abnormal patterns of reactivity. These results emphasize the necessity of heating sera for the rubella hemagglutination inhibition test after the chemical removal of nonspecific inhibitors. PMID- 7240396 TI - Rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen from human urine. AB - A reversed passive hemagglutination test was developed to assay relative concentrations of soluble antigen of Legionnaires disease (Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1) in human urine samples. The test is highly sensitive, being able to detect as little as 0.0002 microgram of total antigen. Preliminary results with this test on serial urine and serum samples from a patient with legionellosis show that measurable amounts of antigen are present in urine during the course of the illness. However, no antigen could be detected in the serum of the patient. PMID- 7240395 TI - Safety of maintaining intravenous sites for longer than 48 H. AB - Two years of experience with infections in intravenous (IV) therapy were studied through cohort analysis of infection surveillance records. The overall rate of infection was low compared with other published reports, but the risk of infection was related to the duration of cannulation. IVs in place for no more than 48 h accounted for 75% of all IVs and 26% of IV-associated infections, those in place for 48 to 72 h accounted for 12.5% of IVs and 23% of IV-associated infections, and those in place in excess of 72 h accounted for 12.5% of IVs, but 51% of IV-associated infections. Septicemia was associated with site infection in 20% of cases. This application of routinely obtained infection surveillance data demonstrates the ability of comprehensive surveillance programs to facilitate administrative decisions and to document subsequent quality of patient care. PMID- 7240397 TI - Long-term infections with Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. AB - Seventy-three apparently healthy, rural South African schoolchildren 6 to 8 or 13 to 16 years of age were examined five times over a 16-month period for fecal pathogens. Nine were positive for Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. The organism was isolated intermittently from six children for at least 9 months and from three children for more than 1 year. Five of the long-term infections occurred among the 46 children aged 6 to 8 years (10.9%) versus one long-term infection among the 27 children aged 13 to 16 years (3.7%). It is not possible with present microbiological techniques to make a clear-cut distinction between reinfected subjects and chronic carriers. PMID- 7240398 TI - Fatal salmonellosis originating in a clinical microbiology laboratory. AB - Laboratory-acquired infections concern all microbiologists. During ongoing surveillance of laboratory-acquired enteric infections, salmonella infections in the wife and son of a laboratory worker were documented; the first case was fatal. Neither patient had had any contact with the laboratory. The infecting organisms were Salmonella typhi and a multiply resistant strain of Salmonella agona that were being worked within the laboratory; both strains had been received 1 to 2 years previously for proficiency testing exercises. This report documents the transmission of enteric pathogens beyond the confines of the laboratory, with its tragic outcome, and suggests measures to prevent the recurrence of this problem. PMID- 7240399 TI - Formation of nonspecific precipitants in sera by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - Formation of nonspecific precipitants in sera in different kinds of agarose and batches of barbital buffer by routine counterimmunoelectrophoresis was observed. These nonspecific precipitants consistently locating at the cathodal side of the well upon counterimmunoelectrophoresis can lead to the incorrect interpretation that a specific antibody is present in the patient's serum against the antigens tested. This observation indicates the importance of including a negative control (patient's serum alone) with each individual sample tested by counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the detection of specific antibody to reduce false-positives. PMID- 7240400 TI - Comparison of formalin-ethyl ether sedimentation, formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation, and zinc sulfate flotation techniques for detection of intestinal parasites. AB - Formalin-ethyl ether sedimentation, Formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation, and zinc sulfate flotation techniques were compared using over 250 clinical parasitology specimens. Fifty positive specimens were identified, and a variety of parasites, including amoebae, flagellates, cestodes, nematodes, and trematodes, were encountered. The Formalin-ether and Formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation procedures gave identical results for the detection of cysts, ova, and larvae, and these methods offered an advantage over the flotation procedure for the detection of selected ova. However, the zinc sulfate procedure was more effective for the detection of protozoan cysts, Hymenolepis nana, and hookworm eggs. The results indicate that the Formalin-ethyl acetate procedure provides a suitable alternative to the Formalin-ether method, and they demonstrate the value of using both flotation and sedimentation procedures in the analysis of fecal specimens for parasites. PMID- 7240401 TI - Infections due to Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes O:2,3 and O:4 acquired in South Florida. AB - Four recent cases of Yersinia enterocolitica infections from Florida are discussed. Two of the cases presented as acute mesenteric lymphadenitis, and the other two presented as septicemia. Three of the isolates were an uncommon serotype, O:2,3, and the fourth was serotype O:5. The increasing occurrence of Y. enterocolitica in semitropical areas of the United States is emphasized. PMID- 7240402 TI - Gas-chromatographic analysis of mycolic acid cleavage products in mycobacteria. AB - Mycolic acids were detected in both reference strains and clinical isolates of mycobacteria using gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters prepared by acid methanolysis. The methyl esters were extracted with hexane, concentrated, and analyzed with a gas chromatograph by using two different injector temperatures. When the samples were analyzed at high injector temperatures of 300 to 350 degrees C, characteristic thermal cleavage products from mycolic acids, C22:0, C24:0, or C26:0 fatty acid methyl esters, were detected. When analyzed at injector temperatures of 235 degrees C or lower, the mycolic acids were heat stable and the characteristic methyl ester cleavage products were not observed. PMID- 7240403 TI - Kluyvera, a new (redefined) genus in the family Enterobacteriaceae: identification of Kluyvera ascorbata sp. nov. and Kluyvera cryocrescens sp. nov. in clinical specimens. AB - Kluyvera is proposed as a new genus for the group of organisms formerly known as Enteric Group 8 (synonym = API group 1). Strains of Kluyvera share the properties of most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae: they are gram-negative rods, motile with peritrichous flagella, catalase positive, and oxidase negative; they grow on MacConkey agar, ferment D-glucose with the production of acid and gas, and are susceptible to many antibiotics. Strains are usually indole positive, methyl red positive, Voges-Proskauer negative, citrate positive, H2S (triple sugar iron) negative, urea negative, phenylalanine deaminase negative, lysine decarboxylase positive, arginine dihydrolase negative, and ornithine decarboxylase positive. Kluyvera strains ferment many of the sugars and polyhydroxyl alcohols used in identification. By deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization, strains of Kluyvera were divided into three groups. Kluyvera ascorbata is proposed as the type species for the genus. Most strains of K. ascorbata have been isolated from clinical specimens. K. cryocrescens is proposed as the second species. It was occasionally isolated from clinical specimens, but it was isolated more commonly from the environment. Kluyvera species group 3 was heterogeneous, but was distinct from the two named species by deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization. This group was rare, so no species name will be proposed at this time. K. ascorbata can be differentiated from K. cryocrescens by its positive ascorbate test, inability to grow at 5 degrees C in a refrigerator, and smaller zones of inhibition around carbenicillin and cephalothin disks. The test normally used for identification does not clearly differentiate these two species. Kluyvera species are probably infrequent opportunistic pathogens. The most common source is sputum, where they are probably not clinically significant. Five strains have been from blood cultures. More information is needed about the incidence and clinical significance of the genus Kluyvera. PMID- 7240404 TI - Aerobic bacterial oral flora of garter snakes: development of normal flora and pathogenic potential for snakes and humans. AB - Garter snakes that are used for scientific laboratory studies or kept as exotic pets often become ill and die early in captivity. They may also act as reservoirs of potential human pathogens or transmit infection to man. A total of 126 strains of aerobic and facultative bacteria, most potential human and snake pathogens, were isolated from 82 garter snake oropharyngeal cultures. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species were the most common species isolated. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus, Hafnia alvei, Arizona hinshawii, Salmonella species, Shigella species, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were among the potential pathogens isolated. The spectrum of bacteria with potential for causing oral and pulmonary infections in garter snakes is greater than has been previously appreciated. Garter snakes should also be considered reservoirs of human pathogens, and appropriate precautions should be taken by laboratory personnel and pet owners. PMID- 7240405 TI - Simple, new test for rapid differentiation of the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex. AB - A simple, new test to differentiate species in the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex by determining susceptibility to pipemidic acid is described. A 20-mug pipemidic acid disk provides a rapid and reliable means of distinguishing M. fortuitum from M. chelonei. PMID- 7240407 TI - Combined modified heat-stable acid phosphatase and 68 degrees C catalase test for differentiation of mycobacteria. AB - A rapid, simple, modified heat-stable acid phosphatase and 68 degrees C catalase test for the differentiation of mycobacteria is described. A total of 181 strains of mycobacteria, including 141 slow growers and 40 rapid growers, were investigated for acid phosphatase and catalase activities. PMID- 7240406 TI - Evaluation of a charcoal particle test for rheumatoid factor. AB - A rheumatoid factor charcoal card test was compared with a rheumatoid factor latex slide and tube agglutination test. Qualitative findings with 280 of 290 selected sera were the same. Quantitative results converted to standard rheumatoid factor units were similar. PMID- 7240408 TI - Transient flagellar waveforms during intermittent swimming in sea urchin sperm. II. Analysis of tubule sliding. PMID- 7240409 TI - Jejunal and ileal adaptation to alterations in dietary calcium: changes in calcium and magnesium absorption and pathogenetic role of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. AB - Previous balance studies have shown that fractional calcium absorption is increased by a low and reduced by a high calcium diet. The present studies were done to determine which segment of the small intestine is most sensitive to alterations in dietary calcium, and to see if dietary calcium intake has an effect on the intestinal absorption of another divalent cation, magnesium. Absorption was measured during constant perfusion of 30-cm segments of jejunum and ileum of normal subjects after 4 or 8 wk of a high (1,900 mg/d) or a low (20 mg/d) calcium diet. We found that calcium absorption rate was higher when subjects had been on a low than when they had been on a high calcium diet; the ileum responded more rapidly and more completely than the jejunum. Similar results were obtained with magnesium, but only the difference in the ileum was statistically significant. Sodium and xylose absorption were not influenced by dietary calcium intake. The serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were higher on the low than on the high calcium diet. We conclude that the ileum is more sensitive than the jejunum to changes in dietary calcium intake, and that ileal adaptation probably plays a major role in protecting the body against a deficiency or excess of body calcium that otherwise would occur when dietary calcium is abnormally low or high. Calcium intake influences ileal magnesium absorption in a similar fashion; it is not known whether or not this serves a protective function. Our data are compatible with the concept that adaptation to dietary calcium intake is mediated by changes in the serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. PMID- 7240410 TI - Plasma lipoprotein induction and suppression of the generation of cellular procoagulant activity in vitro. AB - Isolated human plasma very low density, intermediate density, and high density lipo-proteins at physiologic concentrations have been demonstrated in the preceding report to induce significant increases in the procoagulant activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro, whereas low density lipoprotein did not. The monocyte was identified in this study by cellular fractionation and by direct cytologic assays as the source of this inducible activity, thus identifying the procoagulant activity as a monokine. The generation of these lipoprotein-induced procoagulant monokines was entirely dependent upon the presence of lymphocytes. Isolated lymphocytes that had been exposed to the stimulatory lipoproteins could induce monocytes to produce the procoagulant activity, whereas neither the culture medium from lipoprotein stimulated lymphocytes, homogenates of lymphocytes, nor other cells such as platelets could substitute for this requirement. The interaction of the stimulatory lipoproteins with lymphocytes was rapid, reaching completion within 30 min, and was equally effective at either 4 degrees or 37 degrees C. Low density lipoprotein did not stimulate lymphocytes to induce monocyte procoagulant activity, but did actively suppress the production of the procoagulant monokines induced by each of the stimulatory lipoproteins, as well as bacterial lipopolysaccharide. The monocyte was identified as the cell sensitive to low density lipoprotein suppression, and no suppression of lymphocyte triggering was observed. These observations on the interaction of plasma lipoproteins with lymphocytes and monocytes in vitro introduce two new regulatory events by which plasma lipoproteins influence the function of cells, and define a regulatory network by which certain lipoprotein classes trigger lymphocytes, which can in turn induce monocytes to express procoagulant activity. Only this latter phase is subject to lipoprotein suppression by physiologic concentrations of low density lipoprotein. PMID- 7240411 TI - Identification of spermine as an inhibitor of erythropoiesis in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Fetal mouse liver and normal human bone marrow cell cultures were used for studies on the inhibition of erythroid colony formation (CFU-E) by sera from anemic patients with end-stage renal failure and the polyamine spermine. Sera from each of eight predialysis uremic anemic patients with end-stage renal failure produced a significant (P < 0.001) inhibition of erythroid colony formation in the fetal mouse liver cell cultures when compared to sera from normal human volunteers. In vivo or in vitro dialysis of the uremic sera with a 3,500-dalton exclusion limit membrane removed the inhibitor from uremic sera. The uremic serum dialysate provided by the membrane fractionation was significantly inhibitory in the erythroid cell cultures. When this dialysate was applied to gel filtration chromatography (Bio-Gel P-2) the inhibitor was found to be in the same molecular weight range as [(14)C]spermine. The polyamine spermine produced a dose related inhibition of erythroid colony formation (CFU-E) in fetal mouse liver and normal human bone marrow cultures. Thus, the following evidence is provided that the in vitro inhibitor of erythropoiesis found in chronic renal failure patients' sera is identical with the polyamine spermine: (a) the inhibitor and radiolabeled spermine appeared in identical Bio-Gel P-2 effluent fractions; (b) when spermine was added to normal human sera at concentrations reported in sera of uremic patients, and studied in both the fetal mouse liver cell culture and normal human bone marrow cultures, a dose-related inhibition of erythroid colony (CFU-E) formation was noted; and (c) the inhibitory effects of crude uremic serum, uremic serum dialysate, and fractions of uremic serum dialysate from a Bio-Gel column, on erythroid colony formation were completely abolished by the addition of a specific rabbit antiserum to spermine. PMID- 7240412 TI - Abnormalities in membrane phospholipid organization in sickled erythrocytes. AB - In contrast to the wealth of information concerning membrane phospholipid asymmetry in normal human erythrocytes, very little is known about membrane phospholipid organization in pathologic erythrocytes. Since the spectrin-actin lattice, which has been suggested to play an important role in stabilizing membrane phospholipid asymmetry, is abnormal in sickled erythrocytes, we determined the effects of sickling on membrane phospholipid organization. We used two enzymatic probes: been venom phospholipase A2 and Staphylococcus aureus sphingomyelinase C, which do not penetrate the membrane and react only with phospholipids located in the outer leaflet of the bilayer. Our results suggest that the distribution of glycerophospholipids within the membrane of sickled cells is different from that in nonsickled cells. Compared with the normal erythrocyte, the outer membrane leaflet of the deoxygenated, reversibly sickled cells (RSC) and irreversibly sickled cells (ISC) was enriched in phosphatidyl ethanolamine in addition to containing phosphatidyl serine. These changes were compensated for by a decrease in phosphatidyl choline in that layer. The distribution of sphingomyelin over the two halves of the bilayer was unaffected by sickling. In contrast to ICS, where the organization of phospholipids was abnormal under both oxy and deoxy conditions, reoxygenation of RSC almost completely restored the organization of membrane phospholipids to normal. These results indicate that the process of sickling induces an abnormality in the organization of membrane phospholipids to normal. These results indicate that the process of sickling induces an abnormality in the organization of membrane lipids in RSC which become permanent in ISC. PMID- 7240414 TI - Turnover and splanchnic metabolism of free fatty acids in hyperthyroid patients. AB - The arterial concentration and turnover rate and the splanchnic exchange of FFA were examined after an overnight fast in a group of 11 female patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of hyperthyroidism. [14C]oleic acid was infused intravenously and the hepatic venous catheter technique was used. As compared with healthy control individuals, the arterial concentrations of FFA and oleic acid were elevated by 30--40% in the hyperthyroid group. Both the turnover rate and the fractional turnover of oleic acid were significantly increased. The turnover rate correlated directly with arterial concentration of oleic acid in both the control and the patient group but the slope was steeper in the patients. The splanchnic uptake of oleic acid was three times higher than in the control group. The augmented uptake was a consequence of elevated arterial concentrations and increased hepatic plasma flow, whereas fractional splanchnic uptake remained unchanged. Ketone body production was four- to fivefold greater in the patients and could be largely accounted for by increased splanchnic FFA uptake. In six patients studied after treatment resulting in a return to normal thyroid function, a significant reduction was observed in arterial FFA, estimated hepatic blood flow, oleic acid turnover, and ketone body production. It is concluded that hyperthyroidism is characterized by increased turnover and splanchnic uptake of FFA and augmented ketogenesis. These findings can be explained on the basis of elevated arterial FFA concentrations and increased blood flow, particularly to the splanchnic bed. PMID- 7240413 TI - Plasma lipoprotein induction and suppression of the generation of cellular procoagulant activity in vitro: two procoagulant activities are produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AB - In the process of analyzing the effects of lipoproteins on functions of lymphoid cells, it was observed that physiological concentrations of isolated human plasma lipoproteins possess varying capacities to rapidly enhance the expression of procoagulant activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. In a strict dose-dependent fashion, very low density lipoprotein, intermediate density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein enhanced both the surface expression by viable cells and the total cellular content of procoagulant activity during a 6-h incubation. Very low density lipoprotein induced a maximal 6.7-fold increase in the expression of a thromboplastin activity, which was consistent with tissue factor, in that it was dependent on Factors VII, X, and II. Both intermediate density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein induced approximately a 12-fold increase of a different procoagulant activity which appears to be a direct prothrombin activator. This prothrombinase was calcium dependent and was inhibited by 2.5 mM diisopropylfluorophosphate, but was not neutralized by anti Factor X antibodies or by inhibitors of Factor Xa. In contrast to the other lipoprotein density classes, low density lipoprotein did not stimulate procoagulant activity, but instead actively suppressed the generation of the two procoagulant activities induced by the stimulatory lipoproteins. Suppression by low density lipoprotein was clearly evident at molar ratios of low density lipoprotein to stimulatory lipoproteins of 1:3 or less. Reconstitution of all lipoproteins to physiological concentrations was not stimulatory as a consequence of the suppressive effects of low density lipoprotein. These data indicate that isolated plasma lipoproteins are capable of regulating the expression of two different procoagulant activities of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. The possibility that these interactions may be implicated in the association between certain types of hyperlipoproteinemias and thromboembolic disease merits study. PMID- 7240415 TI - Splanchnic metabolism of plasma apolipoprotein B: studies of artery-hepatic vein differences of mass and radiolabel in fasted human subjects. AB - The metabolism of apoprotein B-containing plasma lipoproteins by human splanchnic tissues has been studied in 29 men undergoing coronary angiography. Before catheterization autologous radio-iodinated lipoproteins were infused into a peripheral vein: 10 subjects received (125)I-labeled Sf 12-60 lipoproteins; 12 received (125)I-labeled Sf 12-60 plus (131)I-labeled Sf 100-400 lipoproteins; and 7 received (125)I-labeled Sf 12-60 plus (131)I-labeled Sf 0-12 lipoproteins. Paired arterial and hepatic vein blood samples were subsequently collected for replicate measurements of apoprotein B (apo B) mass, radioactivity and specific activity in each lipoprotein class. Splanchnic plasma flow was measured with indocyanine green. All studies were conducted after a 14-h overnight fast. Newly synthesized apo B was shown to be secreted by splanchnic tissues as a component of Sf 100-400 lipoproteins, with no detectable uptake of apo B from this class. Sf 12-60 apo B was extracted by the splanchnic bed, with no detectable secretion. After continuous intravenous infusion of (125)I-labeled Sf 12-60 for five or more hours, 41-67% (mean 55%) of extracted Sf 12-60 apo B radioactivity reappeared in hepatic vein Sf 0-12 apo B. There was no detectable splanchnic catabolism of Sf 0 12 apo B. The rates of Sf 100-400 apo B secretion, calculated as the product of artery-hepatic vein concentration difference and splanchnic plasma flow, were greater than the previously reported rates of very low density lipoprotein apo B turnover in fed subjects obtained by kinetic analysis of plasma specific radioactivity decay curves, suggesting that there may be a diurnal variation in hepatic apo B synthesis. They also exceeded the splanchnic extraction rates of Sf 12-60 apo B, suggesting there was some extrasplanchnic catabolism of the apo B of Sf > 60 lipoproteins. PMID- 7240416 TI - Role of gallbladder mucus hypersecretion in the evolution of cholesterol gallstones. AB - Because mucin glycoproteins may be important in the pathophysiology of gallstones, we studied the relationship among biliary lipids, gallbladder mucin secretion, and gallstone formation in cholesterol-fed prairie dogs. Organ culture studies of gallbladder explants revealed that the incorporation of [(3)H]glucosamine into tissue and secretory gallbladder glycoproteins was significantly increased at 3, 5, 8, and 14 d of feeding. Peak secretion of labeled mucin occurred at 5 d, when total tissue and secreted glycoprotein production was fivefold greater than control. Gel filtration of the secreted glycoprotein on Sepharose 4B indicated that the majority of radioactivity was present in a macromolecule of > 1 million molecular weight. The increased secretion of gallbladder mucin was organ specific, in that [(3)H]glucosamine incorporation into glycoproteins of stomach and colon was unaffected by cholesterol feeding. Similarly, the incorporation of [(3)H]mannose into gallbladder membrane glycoproteins was not altered by cholesterol feeding. The rate of glycoprotein synthesis and secretion returned to normal upon withdrawal of the cholesterol diet, and ligation of the cystic duct before cholesterol feeding prevented gallbladder mucin hypersecretion. Both results indicate that the stimulus to mucin secretion was a constituent of bile. Gallbladder bile after 5 d contained cholesterol in micelles, liquid crystals, and crystals, whereas hepatic bile remained a single micellar phase throughout cholesterol feeding. For this reason the cholesterol-saturation indices of gallbladder bile were compared in both homogenized and centrifuged samples. The micellar phase of gallbladder bile was appreciably less saturated than homogenized bile at 5 and 8 d, which reflects the continuous nucleation of cholesterol in the gallbladder. Purified human gallbladder mucin gels were shown to induce nucleation of lecithin cholesterol liquid crystals from supersaturated hepatic bile. These in turn gave rise to cholesterol monohydrate crystals within 18 h. Control supersaturated hepatic bile could not be nucleated by the addition of other proteins, and was stable for days upon standing. These results suggest that the increase in cholesterol content of bile in cholesterolfed prairie dogs stimulates gallbladder mucus hypersecretion, and that gallbladder mucus gel is a nucleating agent for biliary cholesterol. PMID- 7240417 TI - Thyroid hormone-carbohydrate interaction in the rat: correlation between age related reductions in the inducibility of hepatic malic enzyme by triiodo-L thyronine and a high carbohydrate, fat-free diet. AB - Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated an age-related decrease in hepatic malic enzyme (ME) levels and in the response of ME to triiodo-l thyronine (T(3)). Moreover, we have recently shown a synergistic interaction of T(3) and a high carbohydrate diet in the induction of this enzyme. Studies were therefore undertaken to assess the response of aging rats to a high carbohydrate diet and to test the effect of such dietary manipulations on the responsiveness of ME to T(3). For this purpose, a new radio-immunoassay for ME was developed that, because of a 10-fold higher sensitivity, was particularly suited to the measurement of the low concentrations of hepatic enzyme in older animals. The level of ME per milligram of DNA fell approximately 70% between 1 and 6 mo with only minor further changes demonstrated between 6 and 18 mo. In contrast, the level of ME per milligram DNA in brain was slightly increased in the older animals. Although the absolute increment of hepatic ME resulting from seven daily injections of T(3) (15 mug/100 g body wt) fell with age, the ratio of the ME content per milligram DNA to that observed in control animals maintained on a regular chow diet remained relatively constant with an average value of 11.1. The responsivity of hepatic ME to a high carbohydrate, fat-free diet also decreased with age and could not be attributed exclusively to a reduction in food consumption. The age-related reduction in ME responsivity to dietary stimuli appeared to be due to a reduction in the formation of the specific messenger, (m)RNA for ME as determined in an in vitro translational assay. Our data are consistent with the following hypothesis. There is an age-related decreased hepatic responsivity to a high carbohydrate dietary stimulus. Thyroid hormone administration, as previously postulated by us, interacts with a product or an intermediate of carbohydrate metabolism in a multiplicative fashion. As a consequence, the absolute increment of ME induced by T(3) administration also declines with age. PMID- 7240418 TI - Hydrolysis of human milk fat globules by pancreatic lipase: role of colipase, phospholipase A2, and bile salts. AB - Human milk fat globules were used to explore how dietary triglycerides are hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase. These triglycerides were hydrolyzed very slowly by lipase alone as if the surface layer of proteins and phospholipids impeded the action of the enzyme. The inhibition of lipase activity could be overcome by addition either of colipase or of pancreatic phospholipase A2. Colipase enhanced triglyceride hydrolysis in a dose-dependent manner whether bile salts were present or not. Bile salts had no effect on the activity of pancreatic lipase alone but further enhanced the activity at all concentrations of colipase tested. Bile salts were a prerequisite to relieve inhibition of lipase activity by phospholipase A2. Human milk fat globules exposed to phospholipase A2 should be representative of a physiological substrate for pancreatic lipase. A major new observation was that bile salts, even at high concentrations, stimulated triglyceride hydrolysis of such phospholipase-treated globules by pancreatic lipase also in the absence of colipase. PMID- 7240419 TI - Reversal of secondary hyperparathyroidism by cimetidine in chronically uremic dogs. AB - Chronic cimetidine therapy has been shown to suppress circulating concentrations of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) in hemodialysis patients. To evaluate the long-term metabolic effects of cimetidine treatment, we studied seven chronically uremic dogs for 20 wk. The dogs were studied under metabolic conditions before, during, and after cimetidine therapy. iPTH fell progressively in the five treated dogs from 536+/-70 muleq/ml (mean+/-SE) (nl < 100 muleq/ml) before treatment to 291+/-25 muleq/ml at 12 wk (P < 0.001) and 157+/-32 muleq/ml at 20 wk (P < 0.001). The control dogs showed no consistent change in iPTH. The fall in iPTH was not associated with a change in serum ionized calcium. However, serum phosphorus decreased from 5.7+/-0.9 mg/dl to 3.4+/-0.2 mg/dl by the 20th wk (P < 0.05). By contrast, the serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol increased in all treated dogs from 33.4+/-4.3 pg/ml to 51.8+/-2.4 pg/ml during treatment (P < 0.01). Calcium balance was negative in all seven dogs before cimetidine (-347+/-84 mg/72 h) and remained so in the control dogs; it became positive in the five treated dogs after 12 wk (1,141+/-409 mg/72 h) (P < 0.05). Phosphorus balance, 24-h fractional phosphate excretion, and creatinine clearance remained unchanged. Pooled samples of serum obtained during the control and 20th wk of therapy were fractionated by gel filtration and the eluates assayed for immunoreactivity. The decrease in iPTH was associated with a decrease in all the immunoreactive species, indicating suppression of parathyroid gland secretion. These observations indicate that cimetidine suppressed circulating concentration of biologically active parathyroid hormone. A probable net decrease in the loss of phosphorus from bone to blood ensued, resulting in a fall in serum phosphorus. This may have stimulated synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and led to a positive calcium balance, thereby maintaining the serum ionized calcium concentration. The maintenance of phosphate balance, despite suppression of iPTH by cimetidine, indicates that factors other than hyperparathyroidism relate to phosphate homeostasis in chronically uremic dogs. PMID- 7240420 TI - Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinemia: characterization of mutant liver L-ornithine:2-oxoacid aminotransferase kinetics. AB - Deficient activity of L-ornithine:2-oxoacid aminotransferase is associated with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinemia, an autosomal recessive disease leading to blindness. Liver tissue from two patients contained trace activity of the enzyme. The Michaelis (Km) value of the mutant enzyme for ornithine was 200 mM, 50-fold higher than normal, but increasing the concentrations of alpha-oxoglutarate and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate to 10 times those giving maximal activity of the normal enzyme had no effect on the mutant enzyme. Substrate inhibition of the mutant could not be demonstrated at 1,000 mM ornithine concentration, whereas ornithine concentrations above 70 mM inhibited the normal enzyme. The data suggest that the abnormal L-ornithine:2-oxoacid aminotransferase in the two patients studied has an altered binding site for ornithine. PMID- 7240421 TI - Chemotherapy sensitivity testing in human tumours. AB - We have attempted to establish in vitro growth in a consecutive series of 245 malignant tumours submitted for routine histopathology. Initially, three disaggregation procedures were used: mechanical separation, digestion by trypsin, and digestion by collagenase. The resulting cell fractions had varying success rates in establishing growth. Abundant epithelial cell growth was achieved in monolayer culture in 63 tumours, and the sensitivity of the cells to cytotoxic agents was tested. There was no indiscriminate cytotoxic effect, and each tumour type varied in its sensitivity from one patient's lesion to another. While testing of all solid tumours is not possible with present-day techniques, we believe that the employment of in vitro sensitivity testing as a routine procedure may be possible in the future if a suitable system giving correlation between in vitro and in vivo sensitivity can be developed. PMID- 7240422 TI - Comparison of serum vitamin B12 estimation by saturation analysis with intrinsic factor and with R-protein as binding agents. AB - It has been reported that serum vitamin B12 levels assayed by saturation analysis methods may give misleadingly high results, so much so that the diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency may be obscured. This defect was ascribed largely to assays using a vitamin B12 binder other than pure intrinsic factor. To test out this hypothesis two assays were set up, one using saliva (non-intrinsic factor R binder) and the other using human gastric (intrinsic factor) as B12-binding agents. Both assays were able to differentiate sera from patients with pernicious anaemia from those from control subjects. Published results accumulated over the past 10 years indicate that properly designed and performed saturation analysis vitamin B12 assays are as reliable as microbiological assay methods for detecting low serum B12 levels. The failure of some methods to do does not appear to be due to the nature of the B12-binding agent. PMID- 7240423 TI - Defective neutrophil function in low-birth-weight, premature infants. AB - A whole-blood technique was used to measure simultaneously neutrophil migration, uptake, and killing of candida in 27 premature infants of low birth weight (less than 1500 g). Neutrophil migration was consistently reduced, especially in the first two weeks of life. Phagocytosis was also reduced, particularly in the first week of life and in sick patients. Killing was usually normal, except in sick patients. The three functions were not altered when the test was performed in normal adult, rather than autologous, plasma, and the reduced migration and uptake are therefore the result of an intrinsic defect of the cell. The results clarify the previous controversy concerning neutrophil function in premature infants and provide an explanation for their increased susceptibility to infection. PMID- 7240424 TI - Spleen function and platelet kinetics. AB - In patients suffering from various platelet abnormalities, quantitative scanning after injection of indium-111 (111In) labelled platelets showed three different patterns of platelet destruction and distribution. In patients with a normal platelet life span but with evidence of increased splenic pooling, the spleen tended to be the main site of destruction. In patients with a moderately reduced platelet life span, the distribution of destruction in the system and variable destruction in the marrow. However, because of its rapidity this destruction was difficult to quantify, and it was difficult in these cases to distinguish reliably between spleen pool, sequestration, and destruction. Destruction of platelets on the liver appeared to be unimportant in all three groups. 111In, because of its physical characteristics, is preferable to chromium-51 as a platelet label in the assessment of abnormal platelet kinetics. PMID- 7240427 TI - Nephelometry v differential agglutination titre in the measurement of rheumatoid factors. AB - IgM rheumatoid factors have been measured in 92 patients by both laser nephelometry and the traditional hospital procedure of a latex slide test followed by differential agglutination titre (DAT). Of the results 86% were in accordance by both methods, but seronegative patients with a high nephelometry score all showed, after reference to their clinical state and previous investigations, that the nephelometry result more accurately represented their clinical state than the DAT, which was shown to be in error in five out of the six cases. Six seropositive patients with low nephelometry scores were also studied; three were in complete remission on gold or penicillamine therapy. Nephelometry is both technically simpler and more reliable than the traditional DAT method, and our results suggest that it has some advantages over the DAT in routine use. PMID- 7240426 TI - Bromine and selenium in human aorta. AB - The bromine and selenium concentrations of healthy and atheromatous human aorta and of other organs are reported. No relation between age and concentration in the aorta is found. The selenium levels of the aorta are similar to those of other internal organs; the content of the three layers show no significant differences. The bromine concentrations of the media are higher than those of the other layers, which are similar to those of the internal organs. A possibly greater concentration of bromine in atheromatous medial tissue is indicated. PMID- 7240425 TI - Jejunal mucosal morphometry in children with and without gut symptoms and in normal adults. AB - Nineteen diagnostic peroral biopsy specimens from 18 children without diarrhoea, vomiting, or abdominal pain ('control' children) were compared with those taken from 23 children with diarrhoea of varying aetiology to establish the morphometric characteristics of jejunal mucosa in childhood. Comparison was also made with normal jejunal mucosa from adults. Statistical analysis of each characteristic individually showed no significant difference between the 'control' children and those with diarrhoea, but there were significant differences between the mucosae of 'control' children and those of adults; the villi tended to be shorter and the crypts longer in children. Thirty-seven per cent of specimens from the 'control' children showed a partial villous atrophy, that is, they were abnormal by adult criteria. Discriminant analysis of the features measured showed effective separation of the following groups: normal histology from partial villous atrophy in children, healthy adults from 'control' children, and normal histology in adults from normal histology in children. PMID- 7240428 TI - Prevalence and persistence of C1q binding activity in healthy subjects. AB - Samples of serum from 885 normal healthy blood donors were tested for the presence of soluble immune complex-like material by a solid-phase C1q binding assay. The majority of donors (93%) had low or undetectable levels of C1q binding activity in their sera, but 6% had levels that were clearly outside the normal distribution. When these individuals were retested after several weeks half of them still had elevated levels of C1q binding activity. PMID- 7240430 TI - Antitoxin production in antibiotic-associated colitis? AB - The production of antitoxin after Clostridium difficile-induced diarrhoea has not been reported previously. The stool of a patient with prolonged antibiotic associated diarrhoea contained C. difficile toxin, and the serum neutralised the cytopathic effect of C. difficile toxin in tissue culture. PMID- 7240429 TI - Viral hepatitis in Danish health care personnel, 1974-78. AB - The incidence of viral hepatitis in Denmark, as notified to the National Board of Health during 1974-78, was determined for health care personnel. Compared to the rate for the population as a whole, a fivefold increase was found for physicians and surgeons as well as for laboratory technicians. Dentists also had an increased rate of infection. No increase was apparent for the nursing staff in general, or for psychiatric hospitals or institutions for the mentally retarded. In hospitals, type B hepatitis was prevalent among doctors and technicians while 55% of the nursing staff did not have B hepatitis. PMID- 7240431 TI - IgG antibodies against anaerobic bacteria in blood donor sera. AB - Fifty-six blood donor sera were examined by indirect immunofluorescence for IgG antibodies to a selection of anaerobic bacterial strains, often isolated from wound cultures. Another 25 sera were examined by IgG antibodies to six NCTC Bacteroides strains. A wide range of IgG antibody titres were found against Fusobacterium, Clostridium, and anaerobic streptococcal species. Very low titres were found against the Bacteroides strains. It is suggested that the testing of a single serum specimen for IgG antibodies against a representative collection of Bacteroides fragilis strains could be helpful in verifying a clinical suspicion of infection with these organisms. PMID- 7240432 TI - Flavobacterium meningosepticum infection: an epidemiological study in a newborn nursery. AB - After an outbreak of flavobacterium meningitis in the newborn nursery of the University Hospital, an investigation was carried out to determine the possible sources of this organisms in the nursery. Various serotypes of the organism were recovered from a variety of sources such as wash basins, sinks, suction apparatus, and disinfectants in the nursery as well as the neighbouring wards. Colonisation of the pharynx with this organism was demonstrated in several clinically healthy babies in the nursery. The possible role of fomites, hospital staff, newborn babies, and their mothers in the transmission of the organism is considered together with the measures taken to reduce environmental contamination. PMID- 7240434 TI - An automated method for recording the Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate. PMID- 7240433 TI - Clinical distribution and antibiotic sensitivities of staphylococcal strains isolated over an eight-month period. AB - A total of 842 staphylococci isolated from clinical material over an eight-month period and regarded as probable pathogens were identified according to lyogroup. Almost half the isolates belonged to lyogroups other than lyogroup I (Staphylococcus aureus), suggesting that coagulase-negative staphylococci are increasingly involved in human infections. All isolates were tested for sensitivity to 12 antibiotics. A greater resistance was observed in non-lyogroup I isolates, which again suggests a pathogenic significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Only lyogroup I strains, however, were obtained more frequently from clinical isolates than from healthy human skin. The distribution of the isolates in each lyogroup according to their clinical source is reported. PMID- 7240435 TI - Drug interaction: meperidine and chlorpromazine, a toxic combination. AB - To determine the effect of chlorpromazine on the serum concentration-time curve and metabolism of meperidine, 10 healthy volunteers were injected on two separate days in a two-way crossover design with 26 mg/m2 meperidine hydrochloride combined with either 30 mg/m2 chlorpromazine or a placebo. The subjects demonstrated the same serum meperidine concentration-time curves after meperidine plus placebo and meperidine plus chlorpromazine. The excretion of the metabolites normeperidine and normeperidinic acid, however, showed a significant increase with the meperidine-chlorpromazine combination. A marked lethargy was observed after the administration of the meperidine-chlorpromazine combinations in most subjects, which was quite debilitating and may have resulted from the alteration of meperidine metabolism by chlorpromazine. The meperidine-chlorpromazine combination also caused a greater mean depression of the systolic and diastolic pressures than the meperidine-placebo combination. The differences in the blood pressure and symptomatology were significant and represent a potential toxicity that may result from the use of the chlorpromazine-meperidine combination. PMID- 7240436 TI - A preliminary report on the pharmacokinetics of saccharin in man: single oral dose administration. AB - The pharmacokinetics of saccharin were studied in two human subjects. One male and one female subject ingested a single 100 mg oral dose of saccharin. Absorption was fast and the elimination half-lives were 1.2 and 6.6 hours for the male and female subject, respectively. Approximately 85% of the oral dose was recovered in the urine as intact saccharin and renal clearance approximated renal plasma flow when corrected for the unbound fraction of saccharin in plasma. Saccharin elimination appears to be related to previous saccharin ingestion, suggesting a high-retention compartment. PMID- 7240437 TI - Gastroscopic evaluation of the effect of aspirin and oxaprozin on the gastric mucosa. AB - Oxaprozin, a new long-acting, antiinflammatory agent, and aspirin were compared utilizing gastroscopic evaluation and photography of the gastric mucosa in a double-blind, crossover study in normal volunteers. Submucosal hemorrhages or mucosal bleeding was observed in seven of eight subjects on aspirin and in only two of eight on oxaprozin (P = 0.061). Adverse effects were experienced by seven of eight subjects after the aspirin treatment period--tinnitus in five and gastrointestinal symptoms in four. Only one patient had mild diarrhea on oxaprozin. The incidence of adverse effects was found significantly higher with aspirin therapy (P less than 0.001). No laboratory abnormalities of clinical significance were attributed to either drug administration. Results after ten days of treatment show that oxaprozin in therapeutic dose levels (1200 mg once a day) produces significantly fewer changes in the gastric mucosa than aspirin (975 mg administered four times a day, total daily dose 3.9 Gm) in the same subjects, who received both drugs in this double-blind, crossover experiment with a four week washout period between treatments. PMID- 7240438 TI - Gastroscopic observations following aspirin and naproxen sodium administration. AB - A double-blind crossover study was conducted to compare the effects of aspirin (3.25 Gm/day) and a new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, naproxen sodium (1.1 Gm/day), on the gastric mucosa of 12 healthy volunteers. Subjects were gastroscoped after one week on each drug, intragastric photographs were obtained, and gastric contents were examined for blood. Ten subjects exhibited some degree of gastric pathology following aspirin administration, compared with one subject with gastric pathology following naproxen sodium. Naproxen sodium also induced less gastrointestinal bleeding and caused fewer side effects than aspirin. PMID- 7240440 TI - The role of the clinical pharmacist in medical education. AB - The clinical pharmacist is an integral member of the Docent team at the University of Missouri--Kansas City School of Medicine with duties in both teaching and patient care. These doctoral-level clinical pharmacists have sole responsibility for providing instruction in basic pharmacology and pharmacokinetics and for teaching pharmacotherapeutics to medical students and house officers at the Truman Medical Center. The pharmacology programs have been well received and are successful. Student evaluations have been positive, and acquisition of knowledge as measured by the computer-generated objective exam referred to as the Quarterly Profile Examination indicate progressive acquisition of basic pharmacologic information during periods of exposure to the clinical pharmacist. Analysis of part I of the National Boards of Medical Examiners Test shows that medical students with this instruction achieved higher scores in pharmacology than their mean performance on part I. House officers working with these clinical pharmacists also show progressive acquisition of basic pharmacologic knowledge as measured by the Quarterly Profile Exam. Preliminary evaluation of this nontraditional method of providing pharmacologic instruction indicates that the program is effective. PMID- 7240439 TI - Pharmacokinetic principles of lidocaine dosing in relation to disease state. AB - The pharmacokinetic parameters of lidocaine are pertinent to the determination of both appropriate loading doses and constant infusion rates that achieve a therapeutic plasma concentration while avoiding toxicity. Because lidocaine is used primarily in older patients who may have concurrent diseases, the effects of disease states on lidocaine disposition are important when calculating lidocaine doses. Patients with congestive heart failure and hepatic disease have pronounced changes in lidocaine clearance. Patients placed on prolonged lidocaine infusions have a change in disposition half-life of the drug. Patients with renal disease do not have significant alterations in handling the parent compound but, because of the dependence of glycinexylidide elimination on renal function, may accumulate the metabolite and develop central nervous system toxicity. Even though there are differences in some of the pharmacokinetic variables for lidocaine in young and elderly patients, the clearance of the drug was not significantly different in the two patient groups. The effects of concurrently administered drugs on lidocaine pharmacokinetics remain to be more widely studied in patients. PMID- 7240441 TI - Brain stem origins of spinal projections in the lizard Tupinambis nigropunctatus. AB - In order to study brainstem origins of spinal projections, ten Tegu lizards (Tupinambis nigropunctatus) received complete or partial hemisections of the spinal cord at the first or second cervical segment. Their brains were processed for conventional Nissl staining. The sections were surveyed for the presence or absence of retrograde chromatolysis. Based on analysis and comparison of results from lesions in the various spinal cord funiculi, the following conclusions were reached: The interstitial nucleus projects ipsilaterally to the spinal cord via the medial longitudinal fasciculus, as does the middle reticular field of the metencephalon. The red nucleus and dorsal vagal motor nucleus both project contralaterally to the spinal cord via the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus. The superior reticular field in the rostral metencephalon and the ventrolateral vestibular nucleus project ipsilaterally to the spinal cord via the ventral funiculus. The dorsolateral metencephalic nucleus and the ventral part of the inferior reticular nucleus of the myelencephalon both project ipsilaterally to the spinal cord via the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus. Several brainstem nuclei in Tupinambis project bilaterally to the spinal cord. The ventrolateral metencephalic nucleus, for example, projects ipsilaterally to the cord via the medial longitudinal fasciculus and contralaterally via the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus. The dorsal part of the inferior reticular nucleus projects bilaterally to the spinal cord via the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus. The nucleus solitarius complex projects contralaterally via the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus but ipsilaterally via the middle of the lateral funiculus. The inferior raphe nucleus projects bilaterally to the spinal cord via the middle part of the lateral funiculus. These data suggest that supraspinal projections in reptiles, especially reticulospinal systems, are more highly differentiated than previously thought. On the other hand, recent findings in cat, opossum, and monkey reveal that the organization of supraspinal pathways in the Tegu lizard bears a striking resemblance to that observed in mammals. PMID- 7240442 TI - Cell types of the auditory caudomedial neostriatum of the starling (Sturnus vulgaris). AB - Cell types of the auditory neostriatum in the starling forebrain are described. This area in the caudal neostriatum is defined neurophysiologically by the appearance of auditory neurons. Through use of the rapid Golgi technique, four types of neurons are identified, mainly on the basis of their processes: Neurons with long descending axons and thick dendrites rich in spines (type 1), neurons with long ascending axons and thin dendrites poor in spines (type 2), short-axon neurons (type 3), and microneurons (type 4). The axons of the long neurons pass outside the confines of the auditory neostriatum. Among neurons of type 1; some of the long descending axons directed toward the lower brain centers enter the capsula interna occipitalis (CIO). The descending axons give off many collaterals within the auditory neostriatum. With neurons of type 2; most of the ascending axons cross the lamina hyperstriatica, enter the hyperstriatum ventrale, and arborize near its periventricular region. Some of the long ascending axons reach the overlying hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudale (HVc, the vocal control area). Among neurons of types 3 and 4; the axons of short-axon neurons and of microneurons end with fine branches within the auditory neostriatum. The dendrites of long-axon neurons are oriented in specific directions, whereas those of short-axon neurons and of microneurons do not show a definite pattern of orientation. In the region of the auditory neostriatum that lies immediately adjacent to the midline of the brain, the first three types of neurons are arranged around the central core known as field L, which is composed of the microneurons and the terminal ramifications of auditory afferents. Laterally the microneurons, along with the fibers of the input tract, undergo a rostral shift to occupy a more peripheral position within the auditory neostriatum. The neurons of the auditory neostriatum are compared with those of the mammalian auditory cortex, and a functional classification of nerve cells into projection neurons, association neurons, and interneurons is proposed. PMID- 7240443 TI - Regional differences in pigeon optic tract, chiasm, and retino-receptive layers of optic tectum. AB - Electron-microscopic examination of the pigeon optic chiasm, tract, stratum opticum, and retino-receptive layers of the optic tectum revealed regional differences at each level. Axonal size in the fiber pathways paralleled that previously reported for pigeon optic nerve, with mean diameter values of 0.96 micrometer for optic chiasm and 1.06 micrometer for optic tract. The dorsolateral aspects of these pathways contained a heterogeneous population of fibers (mean diameter congruent to 1.44 micrometer) similar to that found in the nasal portion of optic nerve, while the ventromedial regions were occupied by a more homogeneous population of smaller fibers (mean diameter congruent to 0.82 micrometer) resembling those observed in the temporal portion of the nerve. The retino-receptive layers of anteroventral optic tectum (avT) differed ultrastructurally from those of posterodorsal tectum (pdT) with respect to the thickness of horizontal dendrites in layer 2-3, the size of optic terminals in layers 2-7, and the number of synaptic contacts per terminal. These findings point towards a regional variation in the processing of visual information throughout the retino-tectal system and suggest that neurons in avT vs. pdT should show differences in the way they modify the neurophysiological characteristics of their respective optic inputs. PMID- 7240444 TI - Freeze fracture study on three types of synapses in the Xenopus spinal cord. AB - Three types of synapses (S-, F- and C-types) were identified in the thin sectioned Xenopus spinal cord and their structure was analyzed with the freeze fracturing technique. All three types of synapses showed similar specializations of the presynaptic membrane. This finding suggests that the three types of synapses may release their transmitters by a similar mechanism. By contrast, the three types of synapses revealed different specializations of the postsynaptic membrane. The E-face of the S-type postsynaptic membrane was characterized by a dense aggregate of large intramembrane particles, 12 to 15 nm in diameter. An aggregate of small particles, 8 to 9 nm, was evident on the E-face of the postsynaptic membrane of the F-type synapse. In the C-type synapse, there was a striking aggregate of intramembrane particles, 10 to 14 nm in diameter, on the P face of the postsynaptic membrane. These characteristic features in the distribution of particles in the three types of postsynaptic membranes may reflect differences in the type of transmitter released or transmitter action on the postsynaptic neuron. The overall size of the area of aggregated particles on the P-face of the C-type postsynaptic membrane was coextensive with the underlying subsurface cistern (SSC) which showed partial occlusion of the lumen. This fact supports the view that the SSC is closely related to the C-type synaptic action which might be distinct from the other synaptic types. PMID- 7240445 TI - Chemical and morphological studies on garfish peripheral nerves. AB - Gangliosides were extracted, separated by thin layer chromatography, and quantitated in three cranial nerves of the garfish (Lepisosteus osseus): the completely unmyelinated olfactory nerve (OLF), and two nerves composed of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, viz., the main trunk of the maxillary nerve (MAX) and a branch of the maxillary nerve (BR-MAX). Morphological studies on each of these nerves were done to verify that the OLF had been excised free of any contamination from the accompanying myelinated BR-MAX, to aid in the interpretation of the biochemical findings, and to clarify the nature of the OLF supporting cell. The chief chemical findings were (1) documentation of the presence of gangliosides in nerves previously thought not to contain them, (2) demonstration that gangliosides can be associated with unmyelinated nerves, (3) demonstration of a greater proportion of one simple ganglioside (G-6) in the OLF but greater proportions of two complex gangliosides (G-2 and G-0) in the MAX and BR-MAX, and (4) that either GM4 or a variant of the GM3 is present in OLF. The morphological findings with respect to the difficulty of ascribing only peripheral nervous system characteristics to the OLF supporting cell are discussed in relation to the ganglioside band chromatographing slightly ahead of GM4 in the OLF. PMID- 7240446 TI - 3H-thymidine autoradiographic analysis of telencephalic histogenesis in the chick embryo: I. Neuronal birthdates of telencephalic compartments in situ. AB - The birthdates of neuronal populations comprising the chick telencephalon were determined by 3H-thymidine labeling and were mapped with respect to their terminal positions in the 16-day embryo. Essentially all neurons were generated between four and nine days of embryonic development. Each telencephalic structure (based on terminology used by Karten and Hodos, '67) was characterized by a specific range of birthdates: some regions such as the core of the ectostriatum or the paleostriatum primitivum, were generated within a single day, while others, such as the hyperstriatum accessorium, required up to five days for generation of the complete population. Spatial-temporal gradients of neuronal birthdates, lateromedial and ventrodorsal, were seen in the telencephalon as a whole and within individual subcompartments as well. An "outside-in" pattern of histogenesis predominated throughout the entire telencephalon, including the dorsolateral cortex. However, notable exceptions pertaining to the paleostriatum augmentatum, hyperstriatum intercalatus and field "L" were observed. Glial cells, generated for the most part after day ten, were found to be distributed homogeneously throughout all areas of the telencephalon. These data provide the first birthdating data for an avian telencephalon and bring greater resolution to previous analyses of the histogenesis of this brain region. Further, the compartmentalization of the proliferative neuroepithelium is revealed by these data, and the possibility of a common time of origin in the neuroepithelium for neurons of related function is discussed. PMID- 7240447 TI - 3H-thymidine autoradiographic analysis of telencephalic histogenesis in the chick embryo: II. Dynamics of neuronal migration, displacement, and aggregation. AB - The movements of cells from their sites of origin in the proliferative neuroepithelium to their final positions in the chick telencephalon were traced by autoradiographic analysis of 3H-thymidine-labeled brains. A series of chick embryos were labeled on successive days of development between days 5 and 9 and fixed for autoradiography between days 6 and 10. Isochrone maps visualizing neuronal positions on each day of development between days 6 and 10 provided direct information concerning cell migrations, displacements, and aggregations leading to compartmentalization of the telencephalic wall and the generation of the "outside-in" pattern of histogenesis characteristic of the avian telencephalon. The topological divisions of the telencephalic wall appear to result from two factors: (1) the specification of neuronal precursors within the neuroepithelium and (2) the intrinsic associative and migratory properties of postmitotic neuronal populations expressed within the mantle layers. There was no evidence that glial cell barriers mediated the initial compartmentalization of neuronal populations. PMID- 7240448 TI - An intracellular electrophysiological study of the ontogeny of functional synapses in the rabbit retina. I. Receptors, horizontal, and bipolar cells. AB - An isolated perfused retina-eyecup of the rabbit neonate was used to study the functional maturation of synaptic interactions in the outer plexiform layer. Intracellular recordings from receptors, horizontal cells, hyperpolarizing and depolarizing bipolar cells were obtained in the adult and at different stages of maturation. Three types of horizontal cells could be distinguished based on the relative amount of rod and cone input, response wave form, receptive field diameter, and amplitude-intensity relationships. Two of the horizontal cell types were encountered with sufficient frequency such that maturation of these response characteristics could be followed over the developmental period of this study (8 days-adult). The growth rate of the amplitude-intensity relationships was different for the two commonly encountered types of horizontal cells; the small diameter receptive field type achieved an adultlike amplitude-intensity range at an earlier age than the large field type. Immature bipolar cell responses were initially monophasic potentials with transient-sustained components appearing at a later stage. Center surround antagonism of bipolar cells developed after center mediated responses were first observed. This suggests some secondary modifications during synaptogenesis are responsible for the late maturation of center surround antagonism. The morphological appearance of synaptic contacts during different stages of synaptogenesis is discussed in reference to the different phases of functional, synaptic interactions of this study. It appears that some synapses in the vertebrate retina are functional at a time when synaptic structure is incomplete, based on ultrastructural observation. Maturation of receptive field diameter and amplitude-intensity function is discussed in relationship to possible presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms which may influence this growth. PMID- 7240449 TI - An intracellular electrophysiological study of the ontogeny of functional synapses in the rabbit retina. II. Amacrine cells. AB - Intracellular recordings in an isolated perfused retina-eyecup preparation of the neonate rabbit were used to study the physiological development of amacrine cells. By responding with transient depolarizations at the onset and termination of illumination, mature mammalian on-off amacrine cell recordings appeared similar to those described in lower vertebrates. However, immature amacrine cell recordings showed a predominantly on response, with off responses small and easily fatigued during repetitive stimulation. This underdeveloped off component of the amacrine cell response could also be abolished by decreasing the area of receptive field that was stimulated. The more slowly developing off component may reflect a different maturation rate of depolarizing (on) and hyperpolarizing (off) bipolar cells. In addition, properties of the maturing inner plexiform layer were examined with extracellular recordings of the proximal negative response (PNR). The PNR showed evidence of easy fatigability more evident in the off response. These observations are consistent with the idea that the initial phase of light sensitivity is associated with labile synaptic input from bipolar cells. PMID- 7240450 TI - The organization of thalamic projections to the parietal cortex of the Virginia opossum. AB - The thalamic projections to somatic sensory-motor (SSM) cortex and adjacent cortical areas of the Virginia opossum were studied using anterograde and retrograde axoplasmic transport techniques. Large injections of horseradish peroxidase and/or tritiated amino acids were made in the parietal cortex to identify all of the thalamic nuclei that are interconnected with this large cortical area. Very restricted injections were then made in physiologically identified subdivisions of SSM cortex, in the remaining posterior portion of parietal cortex, and in the anteriorly adjacent postorbital cortex. The results show that the parietal cortex is reciprocally connected with a number of thalamic nuclei. Different combinations of these thalamic areas project to specific subregions within the parietal field. All parts of the SSM cortex, which occupies the anterior four-fifths of parietal cortex, receive input from the ventrobasal complex (VB), the ventrolateral complex (VL), the central intralaminar nucleus (CIN), the central lateral nucleus (CL), and the ventromedial nucleus (VM). We could detect no segregation of VL and VB inputs in any part of SSM cortex. Projections from all of these thalamic nuclei, except VM, show at least some degree of topographic organization. Anterior-posterior strips of SSM cortex receive input from clusters of thalamic neurons that extend dorsoventrally and rostrocaudally through VB and VL. The posterior one-fifth of the parietal cortex (the posterior parietal area) receives input from VL, the posterior nuclear complex, and the lateral complex, as well as input from CL, CIN, and VM. Postorbital cortex receives input mainly from intralaminar, midline, and medial thalamic nuclei. We conclude that the projection field of VB in the parietal cortex coincides precisely with the first somatic sensory area (SI) as defined by single unit studies (Pubols et al., '76). The VB projection field also delineates the area of the first motor (MI) representation. Thus, there is no separation of SI and MI cortex in the opossum. The posterior parietal area lies outside of SSM cortex and has thalamic connections similar to the posterior parts of parietal cortex in other mammals. PMID- 7240451 TI - The laminar distribution and ultrastructure of fibers projecting from three thalamic nuclei to the somatic sensory-motor cortex of the opossum. AB - The projections of the ventrobasal complex (VB), the ventrolateral complex (VL), and the central intralaminar nucleus (CIN) to the somatic sensory-motor (SSM) cortex of the Virginia opossum were studied with light and electron microscopic autoradiographic methods. VB, VL, and CIN have overlapping projections to SSM cortex and each one also projects to an additional cortical area. Unit responses to somatic sensory stimulation and the areal and laminar distribution of axons in cortex is different for VB, VL, and CIN, but the axons from each form similar round asymmetrical synapses, predominantly with dendritic spines. As in other mammals, VB units in the opossum have discrete, contralateral cutaneous receptive fields. VB projects somatotopically to SSM cortex and also projects to the second somatic sensory representation. Within the cortex, VB axons terminate densely in layer IV and the adjacent part of layer III. A few axons also terminate in the outermost part of layer I and the upper part of layer VI. Most VB axons terminate upon dendritic spines (86.6%), but they also contact dendritic shafts (10%) and neuronal cell bodies (3%). Neurons in VL have no reliable response to somatic stimulation under our recording conditions. VL projects to the SSM cortex and to the posterior parietal area. Throughout this entire projection field VL fibers terminate in layers I, III, and IV most densely, and sparsely in the other cortical layers. The density of termination in the mid-cortical laminae is quite sparse compared to VB, but the projection to layer I is considerably greater. Nearly all (93%) of VL axons contact dendritic spines, the remainder (7%) end on dendritic shafts. CIN is a thalamic target of ascending medial lemniscal, cerebellar, spinal, and reticular formation axons. Neurons in CIN respond to stimulation restricted to a particular body part, but typically responses may be evoked from larger areas and at longer latencies than neurons in VB that are related to the same body part. CIN neurons require a firm tap or electrical stimulation within their receptive field to elicit a response in the anesthetized preparation. CIN axons terminate throughout the entire parietal cortex, but unlike VB and VL, CIN fibers end almost exclusively in the outer part of layer I. Approximately 21% of CIN fibers contact dendritic shafts in layer I, which is twice the percentage of shafts contacted by VL or VB axons. All of the other CIN synapses are formed with dendritic spines. These experiments demonstrate three different pathways to SSM cortex. The results suggest that each projection has a unique role in controlling the patterns of activity of neurons within the SSM cortex. PMID- 7240452 TI - Sensory control of dauer larva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - As a sensory response to starvation or overcrowding, Caenorhabditis elegans second-stage larvae may molt into a developmentally arrested state called the dauer larva. When environmental conditions become favorable for growth, dauer larvae mold and resume development. Some mutants unable to form dauer larvae are simultaneously affected in a number of sensory functions, including chemotaxis and mating. The behavior and sensory neuroanatomy of three such mutants, representing three distinct genetic loci, have been determined and compared with wild-type strain. Morphological abnormalities in afferent nerve endings were detected in each mutant. Both amphid and outer labial sensilla are affected in the mutant CB1377 (daf-6)X, while another mutant, CB1387 (daf-10)IV, is abnormal in amphidial cells and in the tips of the cephalic neurons. The most pleitropic mutant, CB1379 (che-3)I, exhibits gross abnormalities in the tips of virtually all anterior and posterior sensory neurons. The primary structural defect in CB1377 appears to be in the nonneuronal amphidial sheath cells. The disruption of neural organization in CB1377 is much greater in the adult than in the L2 stage. Of all the anterior sense organs examined, only the amphids are morphologically affected in all three mutants. Thus, one or more of the amphidial neurons may mediate the sensory signals for entry into the dauer larva stage in normal animals. Using temperature-sensitive mutants we determined that the same defects which block entry into the dauer stage also prevent recovery of dauer larvae. PMID- 7240453 TI - A morphological study of cat dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurons after intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. AB - This work represents an attempt to elucidate structural features of electrophysiologically characterized, individual cat dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) neurons by using intracellular application of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Intracellular recordings and HRP injections were made in DSCT neurons of the Clarke's column in cat lumbar (L3) spinal cord. The units were identified by antidromic invasion following electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral dorsolateral funiculus at C1. In addition, sensory inputs to the DSCT neurons were determined by natural (adequate) stimuli applied to the hind limb with intact innervation. The morphological analysis is based on data obtained from 19 well-stained electrophysiologically identified neurons located in Clarke's column. Thirteen of these units received excitatory sensory inputs from muscle receptors, two were activated by cutaneous afferents only, and four had a convergent (muscle + cutaneous) input. The DSCT--muscle cells were equivalent to the large Clarke cells (class C of Leowy, '70). Their dendrites were oriented primarily in the rostro--caudal direction (up to 2500 micron) and appeared generally smooth except for some branchlets. In four of these cells, the axon was traced into the lateral funiculus. In light microscopic analysis there was no evidence that axon collaterals arose from these axons during the initial trajectory through the spinal grey matter. The four DSCT--convergent neurons were similar in shape to the DSCT--muscle units although they appeared to have somewhat smaller cell bodies. Of the two DSCT--cutaneous neurons one was found to be of the B type, with the dendritic tree having fewer branches and oriented mainly in the medio--lateral direction. The other cell, however, turned out to be similar in appearance to the C type Clarke neurons. PMID- 7240454 TI - Olfactory bulb projections to the parahippocampal area of the rat. AB - Recent evidence suggests that the main olfactory bulb projects caudally beyond the prepiriform cortex and the cortical amygdaloid nuclei to the region of the piriform lobe called the parahippocampal area. Included within this area is the entorhinal cortex, which is composed of six major subdivisions. Since questions remain as to which of these subdivisions receives centripetal fibers from the bulb, we reexamined these projections using autoradiography and HRP histochemistry and correlated the sites of termination with the cytoarchitecture of the entorhinal cortex. The results indicate that olfactory bulb axons reach all parts of the parahippocampal area, including the cortex which forms the medial and lateral banks of the amygdaloid sulcus (area TR), and both subdivisions of the laterally located entorhinal cortex (28L' and 28L). Also, label is observed over the more medially located fields of the entorhinal cortex, including the cortex posterior to the cortical amygdaloid nucleus (28M'), as well as the ventrolateral parts of medial entorhinal cortex (28M). In addition, evidence of label occurs over the full extent of the transition zone (28i) which separates areas 28L and 28M. These results suggest that the olfactory bulb has a more extensive projection to the parahippocampal area in the rat than previously thought, and may provide at least some input to all of the parahippocampal areas which project to the hippocampal formation. PMID- 7240455 TI - Neuronal types in the deep dorsal cochlear nucleus of the cat: I. Giant neurons. AB - Large or "giant" neurons (average somatic diameter greater than 22 micron) of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) have been carefully described in this light (LM) and electron (EM) microscopic study of normal Nissl-stained and Golgi-impregnated cat brain stems. These neurons can be roughly classed by somatic shape (width:length ratio = r) as elongate (r less than 0.65), ovoid (0.65 less than or equal to r less than 0.75), or spherical (0.75 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 1.0) in Nissl-stained sections. However, orientation and location of somata, size, number, and distribution of basal dendrites and other cytological features seen in Nissl material provided five, easily recognized classes of large neurons: elongate bipolar, elongate multipolar, globular, radiate, and oriented multipolar giant cells. Further cytological details of the dendritic tree and axonal morphology of these neurons, observed in rapid Golgi impregnations of cat and kitten brain stems, extended these descriptive categories of giant neurons. These same deep DCN giant cells were identified in thick plastic sections and in subsequent thin sections. Thin sections showed further neuronal distinctions by relative density of somatic and dendritic synaptic inputs. All giant cells have dense synaptic inputs to basal and primary dendrites but only elongate multipolar and radiate giant cell somata have nearly continuous synaptic coverage of somata. Many axodendritic terminals and some axosomatic endings resemble cochlear endings as identified on fusiform cells of the DCN. Nauta preparations after ipsilateral cochlear ablations have confirmed (1) cochlear input to all giant cell types and (2) different patterns of input to each type. Hence, each giant cell type must process incoming auditory signals, but each cell must receive slightly different primary information. Since some giant cells of each type had observable axons heading into the dorsal acoustic stria, they must all carry encoded primary information to higher auditory centers. PMID- 7240456 TI - First somatosensory cortical columns and associated neuronal clusters of nucleus ventralis posterolateralis of the cat: an anatomical demonstration. AB - Microlesions (30--275 microns in diameter) were placed in VPLm of the cat and the terminal axonal degeneration in SI cortex was stained using the Fink-Heimer I technique. Following each of these microlesions, small, localized patches or subcolumns of degeneration, relatively light in density, were observed within laminae IIIb and IV of SI when viewed in the coronal plane. In addition, a few degenerating fibers ascended to lamina I. These multiple subcolumns had distinct radial boundaries and were narrow in the mediolateral plane (80--120 microns in width) but elongated rostro-caudally (2500--3000 microns in length). Localized patches of degeneration were separated at their widest points by a distance of 500 microns medio--laterally, but at various rostro--caudal levels of SI were observed to merge into larger columns of degeneration (250--400 microns) and then separate again into smaller multiple patches (i.e., a "zebra-like" pattern). Small injections of HRP into the forelimb region of area 3b or rostral area 1--2 of SI resulted in the labeling of small, discrete clusters of neurons in the ventral regions of VPLm. The clusters examined ranged in size from 140--350 microns in medio--lateral diameter and were elongated rostro--caudally (up to 500 microns in extent); virtually all cells within a cluster appeared labeled, but not equally so. A pattern of HRP labeling different from that observed following area 3b and rostral area 1--2 injections was observed following injections into more caudal regions of area 1--2 and into SII cortex. The labeling that resulted from these injections was not in the form of neuronal clusters but instead labeled cells tended to be scattered in more dorsal regions of VPLm. This scattering did not appear to be random since the labeled neurons were grouped within the same general area of VPLm. Labeling was distributed throughout a number of cell clusters, comprising only a small proportion of cells within each cluster. The pattern of labeling seen after caudal area 1--2 and SII injections differed only in its rostro--caudal extent within VPLm. SII injections generally resulted in labeling along the full rostro--caudal dimension of VPLm. A differential organization of the anatomy of thalamocortical projections to the various subdivisions of SI and to SII was noted in this study. It is postulated that the multiple, discrete patches of degeneration in laminae IIIb and IV of SI represent a portion of the somatosensory cortical columns and that the HRP labeled clusters seen in VPLm following area 3b and rostral area 1--2 are the subcortical equivalents of these subcolumns. PMID- 7240458 TI - Blastomycoid sporotrichosis. Response to low-dose amphotericin B. PMID- 7240457 TI - An unsuspected sign of cutaneous allergy. AB - An eczematous eruption in the superior retroauricular areas of the scalp and often on the posterior aspects of the pinnas may be seen in about 30% of allergic children. The eruption is not generally noticed because the overhanging hair covers the affected areas. The dermatitis is seen mainly in those children afflicted with bronchial asthma, perennial allergic rhinitis, or both. A previous history of atopic or seborrheic dermatitis is, as a rule, not elicited. PMID- 7240459 TI - Vascular response in halo of recent halo nevus. AB - The depigmented halo of a recently acquired halo nevus showed prominent erythema. Microscopic examination of a specimen from the halo showed dilatation of the dermal blood vessels, thickening of the vessel walls, and swelling of the endothelial cells; cellular infiltration was totally absent. Direct immunofluorescent studies on skin from the halo failed to show vessel, basement membrane, or intercellular fluorescence with IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, and fibrin. We conclude that the erythema in the skin of the depigmented halo is the result of dilated dermal blood vessels and that the mechanism of vascular dilatation is not associated with direct infiltration by inflammatory cells nor with immune complex formation. Erythema in the skin of the depigmented halo has not, to our knowledge, been studied previously. PMID- 7240460 TI - Dacarbazine-induced photosensitivity reaction. AB - Dacarbazine (DTIC-Dome) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent employed in the therapy of malignant melanoma. In this communication, we present two patients who developed photosensitivity skin reactions immediately after its administration. Physicians using dacarbazine should be aware of this side effect and should instruct patients to avoid solar exposure following infusions of this drug. PMID- 7240461 TI - Pityriasis rosea. Viral complement fixation studies. AB - Eleven patients were seen for pityriasis rosea and underwent acute and convalescent viral complement fixation tests for several respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma. Several patients (6/11) gave a history of antecedent upper respiratory illness; however, no significant rise in titer was seen on any of the complement fixation tests. PMID- 7240462 TI - Acute urinary tract obstruction in dyskeratosis congenita. AB - Dyskeratosis congenita is a multisystem disease affecting internal organs as well as the skin, nails, and mucous membranes. Tumors of the skin, tongue, cervix, and esophagus may develop in the disease. In this report we describe acute urinary retention that developed due to congenital meatal atresia and small foci of white plaques constricting the urethral meatus in a 27-year-old man with dyskeratosis congenita. PMID- 7240464 TI - An appraisal of the efficacy and substantivity of the new high-potency sunscreens. AB - Several recently introduced sunscreens were evaluated using test procedures proposed by the Food and Drug Administration. The newer sunscreens proved to be highly protective, possessing Sun Protection Factors (SPF) of 15 or greater. Improvement in efficacy was achieved by the incorporation of a combination of active ingredients at larger concentrations, and by superior vehicle design. A procedure is also described for the laboratory assessment of wash-off resistance, which provides data comparable to those obtained from swimming tests. Two of the tested sunscreens resisted wash-off after 40 minutes of swimming. PMID- 7240465 TI - The occurrence of eschars in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. AB - Two patients with fatal, laboratory-confirmed Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) were noted early in their course to have a skin lesion characteristic of a rickettsial eschar. Postmortem immunofluorescent and histopathologic studies demonstrated that the lesions were sites of extensive contiguous infection by Rickettsia rickettsii with associated injury to numerous local blood vessels. Rickettsial vasculitis and occlusive luminal thrombosis were associated with dermal and epidermal coagulative necrosis forming the eschars. Both eschars were noted to be the sites of a bite. In one case the arthropod was identified as a tick. The clinical importance of the search for an eschar in a patient suspected of having RMSF is that diagnostic skin biopsy immunofluorescent demonstration of R. rickettsii may be performed prior to the onset of the rash. PMID- 7240466 TI - Evaluation of adverse reaction reports for a newly laundry product. AB - The marketing of widely used consumer products inevitably results in some reports of adverse dermatologic reactions which are tentatively attributable through medical history to the use of these products. Just as it is important for manufacturers to perform thorough premarket safety testing, it also is important for them to investigate these reported reactions to confirm the safety of the product under widespread use conditions. This report describes the results of such a follow-up investigation into 300 adverse reaction reports obtained during the first year of marketing of new laundry product. The results of diagnostic patch and prick tests, controlled reuse testing, and definitive diagnoses by physicians (mostly allergists and dermatologists) demonstrated that this product was highly unlikely to have caused the reported dermatologic conditions. Widespread distribution of free samples of the new product appeared to be largely responsible for the frequency of anecdotal association of adverse reactions to use of the product. The diagnostic follow-up program is described. PMID- 7240463 TI - The effect of photochemotherapy on the cardiovascular system. AB - Photochemotherapy, consisting of the oral administration of psoralens plus long wave ultraviolet radiation (PUVA), involves standing in a warm light cabinet for a prolonged time. This study was done to evaluate the cardiovascular reactions in normal patients and in patients with cardiac disease receiving PUVA therapy. Of forty patients studied, six had cardiovascular disease and sixteen had essential hypertension. Holter monitoring during treatment revealed no significant arrhythmias. All patients had a modest increase in heart rate at the end of PUVA, with a mean increase of 22% of baseline. Blood pressure was not significantly changed, and 12-lead electrocardiograms done in twenty-two of the patients before and after PUVA showed no significant changes. Our patients, including those with cardiovascular disease and hypertension, tolerated the PUVA therapy without significant subjective reactions and without evidence of excessive cardiovascular stress. PMID- 7240468 TI - Cutaneous extramedullary hematopoiesis presenting as leg ulcers. AB - A case of cutaneous extramedullary hematopoiesis was manifest as bilateral leg ulcers in a patient with myelofibrosis. Six similar cases have been reported previously, although the new case represented an entirely new clinical manifestation. The cutaneous lesions were previously described as erythematous papules, nodules, or plaques. Among these seven cases, myeloid series only or myeloid and erythroid series, with of without megakaryocytes, were found in the cutaneous lesions. All three marrow elements were observed in the ulcers of the present case. The possibility of extramedullary hematopoiesis should be considered in a patient who has myelofibrosis with unusual cutaneous eruptions. PMID- 7240467 TI - Long-term modified Goeckerman regimen for psoriasis using an ultraviolet B light source in the home. AB - An ultraviolet B (UVB) unit for the home was built for each of fifty-six people with extensive psoriasis. This light unit is constructed to deliver the most cost effective radiation while remaining portable, height-adjustable, and free of the necessity to nail or screw the unit to the wall. Six 40-watt fluorescent sunlamps in an open configuration will deliver 150 to 170 mu watts/cm2 to one half of the body at a distance of 30.5 cm (1 minimal erythema dose [MED] = 1-2 min). Fifty five patients completed a modified Goeckerman program starting at 1-minute exposures, with weekly increases of light by 1 minute until 6 or 8 weeks of treatment had elapsed. All patients were cleared of psoriasis (scalp not included). Fifty-one patients accomplished the clearance program totally in the home. Over 80% of them remain virtually clear as they have maintained a 6- to 8 minute tar-light program two to five times a week. Thirty-seven subjects have used this home UVB unit for over a year. Our results with the modified Goeckerman treatment of psoriasis in the home show that: (1) only six nonenclosed lamps are needed for the economical clearing and maintenance of many psoriatics, and (2) the initial clearing rate using forty-two to sixty suberythemal treatments is outstanding. PMID- 7240469 TI - Erythema annulare centrifugum. AB - If one reviews the literature on the subject of erythema annulare centrifugum, it becomes quite obvious there is considerable confusion about the clinical presentation and histopathologic findings. This confusion is exemplified by the various quotes from dermatologic texts and scientific publications. Darier, who originally described the disease, described an annular, indurated, erythematous lesion without a scale that histologically was characterized by a superficial and deep lymphohistiocytic infiltrate and normal epidermis. Ackerman suggested that there are two types of gyrate erythema, a superficial type showing a scale, and the deep type as described by Darier. After reviewing the literature and studying patients with gyrate erythemas, it seems that there are two distinct types best termed the superficial and deep forms of gyrate erythema. Dermatologists use the term erythema annulare centrifugum to denote both of these forms. Perhaps that term should be discarded. PMID- 7240470 TI - Spitz nevus. PMID- 7240471 TI - Polymorphous light eruption. PMID- 7240472 TI - Dermatology in the 1980s: a somber perspective. PMID- 7240473 TI - Basal cell carcinoma in black patients. AB - Fourteen cases of basal cell carcinoma occurring in North American black patients were reviewed. The majority of the lesions were asymptomatic, hyperpigmented, translucent nodules and were correctly diagnosed as being basal cell carcinomas prior to biopsy. All of the lesions except one arose in the sun-exposed areas of the head and neck, indicating that basal cell carcinoma in blacks, as in whites, is related to exposure to ultraviolet light. Microscopic examination revealed changes characteristic of basal cell carcinoma. The response to therapy in our patients was good. There appear to be no histologic or clinical differences in the basal cell carcinomas that arise in black and white patients. PMID- 7240474 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma arising in dissecting perifolliculitis of the scalp. A case report and review of secondary squamous cell carcinomas. AB - Squamous cell carcinomas have been reported to arise within acne conglobata and hidradenitis suppurativa. A case report of a secondary squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC) arising in the third member of the follicular occlusion triad, dissecting perifolliculitis of the scalp (Hoffman's disease, perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens) is presented. The fatal outcome of this case and a review of the literature emphasize the biologic aggressiveness of SSCCs arising in chronic inflammatory lesions or scars (Marjolin's ulcers). Compared to squamous cell carcinomas arising in actinic keratoses, the metastasis rate of these carcinomas arising in chronic inflammatory lesions is so high that early and aggressive therapy appear indicated. PMID- 7240475 TI - Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy. AB - Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy is a self-limiting disease generally seen in the first pregnancy during the third trimester. Lesions are frequently present centrally and are intensely pruritic. Mucous membranes are usually not involved. Histology shows a normal epidermis with mild perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate. Blood vessels, cutaneous appendages, and subcutaneous tissue are normal. Immunofluorescence studies are negative. A review of the reported cases suggests that there is no increased incidence of fetal mortality or congenital malformations and that recurrences do not occur in most cases. Etiology is unknown. Treatment should be directed toward symptomatic relief only. PMID- 7240476 TI - Alopecia neoplastica--a rare form of cutaneous metastasis. PMID- 7240477 TI - Decreased lymphocyte blastogenic responses in patients with multiple basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7240478 TI - Contact dermatitis to perfume in paper products. PMID- 7240479 TI - Metastasis with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 7240480 TI - Vascular factors and the localization of varicella lesions. PMID- 7240481 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma in blacks with discoid lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7240482 TI - Computed tomography in constrictive pericardial disease. AB - Thirteen patients with pericardial abnormalities and a question of constrictive hemodynamics underwent contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography (CT). Those with clinical and catheterization evidence of restricted cardiac filling demonstrated three CT signs: a dilated IVC, a deformed ventricular contour, and an angulated interventricular septum. Patients with pericardial fluid, thickening, or calcification but without evidence of constriction showed none of these signs. Cardiac CT also defined sites of particular constriction for subsequent resection. PMID- 7240483 TI - Polysplenia. AB - A case of polysplenia associated with total abdominal situs inversus, central localization of the liver, and incomplete development of the inferior vena cava is reported. Various components of the syndrome were easily demonstrated by CT. PMID- 7240484 TI - Benign chondroma of the petrous apex. AB - The roentgen findings of a rare benign chondroma of the petrous apex are presented. This patient's clinical history made it imperative that we rule out a metastatic breast lesion. A transcochlear approach verified the benign nature of this lesion. PMID- 7240485 TI - Reversible multiple hypodense areas in the white matter diagnosed as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. AB - A case of multiple, computed tomographic areas of hypodensity in the cerebral white matter was diagnosed as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. The low density area regressed, and the 5-year-old patient improved after steroid treatment. PMID- 7240486 TI - Determination of liver, kidney, and spleen volumes by computed tomography: an experimental study in dogs. AB - The volume of the dog's liver, kidneys, and spleen were measured by computed tomography (CT) and a water displacement method. Organ volume determination by CT is a rapid, simple procedure that is accurate to +/- 5% of the organ volume measured by water displacement. Individual measurements were reproducible to within +/- 3%. Determination of organ volume has potential importance in a variety of clinical situations. PMID- 7240487 TI - Multiple paranasal sinus mucoceles. AB - The clinical and radiological findings in a 56-year-old woman with mucoceles involving the left frontal, both ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and right maxillary sinuses are presented. The predisposing cause was thought to be previous facial fractures. The rarity of this combination of lesions is discussed, including a brief review of the literature. PMID- 7240488 TI - Evaluation of a preprocessing algorithm for truncated CT projections. AB - A preprocessing algorithm for completing truncated computed tomography (CT) projection data (so that reconstruction methods suitable for complete projection data can be applied) is experimentally investigated. The study is motivated primarily by the problem of patients who are too obese to fit into the fan beam of a rotate-only (third generation) scanner, and secondarily by dose reduction considerations. Four sets of patient data collected by a rotate-only scanner are used, and the reconstructions from the complete and truncated projection data are compared. It is illustrated that the preprocessing algorithm leads to qualitatively good images, since local variations are nearly identical in the reconstruction from the complete and from the truncated data. Quantitatively, the results are less encouraging; the exact values of CT numbers differ in the two reconstructions by a significant (although slowly varying) amount across the two reconstructed images. PMID- 7240489 TI - Increased CT tube life. AB - Heat accumulation in the tube housing appears to be an important contributory factor in the failure of X-ray tubes in computed tomography scanners. Additional tube cooling provided through air-conditioning of the gantry has resulted in a tube lifetime increase factor of 4. PMID- 7240490 TI - Direct longitudinal computed tomography of the forearm. AB - A method is outlined for obtaining direct longitudinal computed tomograms of the forearm using a conventional total body scanner. A case is described in which longitudinal scanning helped define a soft tissue tumor of the forearm and thereby assisted in surgical planning. PMID- 7240491 TI - Computed tomography of iatrogenic hepatic lesions following percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and portography. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was performed after percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) in 22 patients and after percutaneous transhepatic portography (PTP) in 10 patients in order to find possible iatrogenic hepatic lesions. The interval between the transhepatic examinations and CT was usually less than 10 days. Hepatic lesions of low attenuation were demonstrated in four patients following PTC and in four patients following PTP. In one patient, bile leakage following PTC and transhepatic bile duct intubation necessitated laparotomy. In all other patients, the complications were considered clinically insignificant. PMID- 7240492 TI - Computed tomography and angiography in the Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome. AB - The Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome is a rare clinical entity that can be confirmed by angiography. Computed tomography can provide an alternative, noninvasive method of diagnosis as well as supply information relevant to the patient's portal hypertension. PMID- 7240493 TI - CT evaluation of invasive lesions of the bladder. AB - The role of computed tomography (CT) in defining the extent of local tumor invasion was reviewed retrospectively in 22 patients with biopsy proven malignant lesions of the bladder. These included 14 cases of primary bladder carcinoma and 8 cases of pelvic malignancies with secondary invasion of the bladder. Computed tomography proved accurate in detecting lymph node enlargement, obvious extravesical masses, and relatively small mural of mucosal lesions of the bladder. However, CT was not able to reliably predict microscopic invasion of either the serosal surface of the bladder by pelvic malignancies or microscopic invasion of the perivesical fat by intrinsic bladder carcinoma. These factors, in addition to the inability of CT to detect metastases in normal sized lymph nodes, appear to limit the overall accuracy of CT in the evaluation of locally invasive pelvic malignancies. Nevertheless, CT appears to be a useful noninvasive screening technique to avoid needless radical surgery in advanced lesions with bladder invasion. PMID- 7240494 TI - Computed tomography of the pelvis: sagittal and coronal image reconstruction in the evaluation of infiltrative bladder carcinoma. AB - The application of reconstructed images in the sagittal and coronal planes is discussed and illustrated with respect to the computed tomographic (CT) evaluation, including staging, of bladder carcinoma. Reconstruction CT was found to be particularly useful in delineating the craniocaudal extent of tumor. In addition, reconstructed images frequently aided the CT evaluation of the relationship of tumor mass to adjacent structures such as seminal vesicles and prostate gland. The improved anatomical orientation achieved by reconstruction was found useful in the presurgical evaluation of tumor site and extent of the lesion. PMID- 7240495 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of gluteal abscess and other peripelvic fluid collections. AB - During an 18 month period, five patients of all those being investigated by computed tomography (CT) for suspected abscess were found to have localized peripelvic extraabdominal fluid collections. In three, this was due to primary abscess or pyarthrosis and to probable secondary infection of a degenerated hematoma or seroma in two. The lesions were responsible for or considered contributory to the patient's febrile illness in each case. The collections were inconspicuous or poorly localized clinically but readily apparent on CT. Treatment by CT guided needle aspiration or operative drainage was performed in each patient and was followed by relief of symptoms and fever. PMID- 7240496 TI - Pitfalls of CT findings in post-therapy testicular carcinoma. AB - Computed tomography demonstrated fibrotic or necrotic lesions in the retroperitoneum and liver that were indistinguishable from viable tumor in three patients who had undergone therapy for testicular carcinoma. Therefore, residual masses after therapy may not signify viable disease. PMID- 7240497 TI - Computed tomography and sialography: 1. Normal anatomy. AB - Computed tomography (CT) has made it possible to identify soft tissue structures not visible by sialography. This paper reviews the normal anatomy in the region of the parotid and submandibular glands in the axial transverse and coronal planes as imaged by CT before and after sialography. A clear understanding of the normal structures is important before undertaking an evaluation of disease. PMID- 7240498 TI - Screening for brain lesions with digital radiography of the head using a CT scanner. AB - Digital radiography was tested in a clinical setting as a screening device for detecting brain lesions and for following the response of known enhancing cranial masses to therapy. A concurrent phantom study was conducted to determine the low contrast sensitivity of the system. Contrast resolution was superior to that of film -- screen systems but suffered at a density level of 2 to 4% because of system noise. This noise appeared to be nonquantum in nature, related to electronic and mechanical inconsistencies of the computed tomographic instrument. System noise and patient motion combined to nullify the advantages of digital radiography for screening and monitoring intracranial masses. PMID- 7240499 TI - Three-dimensional computer reconstruction from surface contours for head CT examinations. AB - A three-dimensional surface reconstruction algorithm based on contour information from anatomic sites as identified on computed tomography examinations is presented. This algorithm efficiently reconstructs the surfaces between the contours using a triangular "tiling" method. A three-dimensional perspective view of the reconstructed surfaces is provided by a gray scale cathode-ray tube computer graphics system. Volume and surface area estimations are provided as a direct results of the surface reconstruction algorithm. Three cases are presented to illustrate the three-dimensional surface reconstruction algorithm. PMID- 7240500 TI - Posterior fossa hemorrhages in the newborn. AB - Of 700 neonates examined by computed tomography (CT) in a 4 years period, 17 were found to have a posterior fossa hemorrhage. Eleven were born at term, and six were premature. Delivery was traumatic in 12 babies. The hematoma was in the subdural space in nine and within the cerebellum in eight. The CT diagnosis of extravasated blood in the posterior fossa is easy both in full-term neonates and prematures. The localization of the hematoma, however, may be difficult. While in the full-term neonates differentiation between subdural and intracerebellar location is relatively easy, in the premature the cerebellar hematoma frequently has a crescentic shape that resembles a subdural collection. Four patients with a subdural hematoma and four with a cerebellar hematoma were operated on. The general prognosis is poor: seven patients died; of the survivors, only three are normal at follow-up. PMID- 7240502 TI - Neutron computed tomography. AB - A neutron-transmission computed tomography scanning system has been built for scanning biological materials. An oxygen filtered beam of 2.35 MeV neutrons was used for the measurements. The studies to date show that the interactions of these energy neutrons with samples simulating biological materials are more sensitive than X-rays to variations in the content of the material, thus providing the ability to produce high quality images. The neutron scans suggest that neutrons can be an effective radiation for the imaging of biological materials. PMID- 7240503 TI - Dynamic computed tomography demonstration of hepatic arteriovenous fistula. AB - A traumatic hepatic arteriovenous fistula was located by dynamic computed tomography, and its flow characteristics were demonstrated by analysis of the scan sequence with curve fitting and functional imaging programs. PMID- 7240501 TI - CT-guided closed biopsy of the spine. AB - Twenty-two patients with mass or destructive lesions at different levels of the spine underwent closed needle biopsy guided by computed tomography (CT). Eighteen of the 22 specimens obtained were sufficient for a histologic diagnosis. In one, normal bone tissue obtained was not consistent with the clinical and radiographic picture, resulting in a false negative diagnosis. Except for one patient who developed transient quadriparesis that resolved spontaneously within 2 days, no bleeding complications or neurologic deficits attributable to the procedure were noted. Closed needle biopsy of spinal lesions under CT guidance is advocated as a safe and convenient technique for all levels of the spine. Modifications of the needle used and more experience will be necessary to increase the yield of positive results. PMID- 7240504 TI - Choledochal cyst. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) appearance of a choledochal cyst is reported. Although the appearance on the precontrast scan was highly suggestive of this diagnosis, the definitive was made on CT following the intravenous administration of a biliary contrast agent. PMID- 7240506 TI - Xenon enhanced dynamic computed tomography: multilevel cerebral blood flow studies. AB - Xenon enhanced computed tomography with a fast scanning mode and interscan table incrementation was used to derive local cerebral blood flow in a nonhuman primate 19 days following infarction. The in vivo autoradiographic methodology was used to derive blood flow in normal and diseased tissue at four different brain levels (slices) during a single inhalation study. PMID- 7240505 TI - A correlative study of computed tomography and histology in human and experimental vasogenic cerebral edema. AB - The computed tomography (CT) scans of nine patients with vasogenic cerebral edema and five monkeys with cryogenic lesions were correlated with histologic findings. The areas of diminished density on the CT scan corresponded to foci of histologically recognizable edema. The attenuation number of the edematous tissue in the human varied from 18.0 to 28.8 Hounsfield units (HU: 1,000 scale) and in the monkey from 27.0 to 34.7 HU. There was a rough correlation between the extent of decrease in the attenuation number and the degree of staining of edematous tissue by the periodic acid-Schiff method. The decreased attenuation number of edematous tissue signifies dilution by edema fluid only when it is above 20 HU or represents a change of less than 12 HU. Lower numbers imply an additional process, possibly transformation of complex into neutral lipids. It is our belief that cerebral edema in the human can be quantitatively studied with the presently available CT scanners. PMID- 7240507 TI - Postcontrast computed tomography in subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured aneurysms. AB - Computed tomography (CT) scans of 49 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to ruptured aneurysms were reviewed. Subarachnoid blood was detected in 95% when CT was performed within 5 days after the bleeding. Prediction of the site of the ruptured aneurysm from distribution of the cisternal blood varied from 92% for the anterior cerebral artery aneurysms to 70% for the middle cerebral and 47% for the internal carotid artery aneurysms. Following plain CT scans, postcontrast studies were performed in 27 patients. Aneurysms were directly visualized in 8 cases and subarachnoid enhancement was noted in 21. In 3 cases, subarachnoid enhancement made possible a correct diagnosis of SAH in the absence of evidence of cisternal blood on precontrast CT scans. PMID- 7240508 TI - Computed tomography of cerebral syphilis. AB - The computed tomographic findings in two patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of neurosyphilis are reported. Two patterns were described, one with pronounced lucency of the white matter and the other with multiple infarctions of unusual distribution. PMID- 7240510 TI - Computed tomography of the normal larynx during quiet breathing and phonation. AB - Computed tomography scans of the larynx were obtained during quiet breathing and during phonation in 10 volunteers having no neck or larynx abnormalities. The subglottic and glottic laryngeal cavity and soft tissues showed symmetry from side to side. At the supraglottic level, the pliable aryepiglottic folds and pyriform sinuses appeared moderately asymmetric and variable during quiet breathing. Phonation made them more symmetric. Phonation also allowed accurate determination of vocal cord function. The laryngeal cartilages were symmetric in their degree of calcification and had clearly visible centers of dense calcification. Computed tomography is a highly precise method for demonstrating the structures of the larynx. PMID- 7240509 TI - Age related incidence of cavum septi pellucidi and cavum vergae on CT scans of pediatric patients. AB - The computed tomography scans of 1,050 infants and children with various degrees of neurological involvement were reviewed to determine the incidence of cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) and cavum Vergae (CV). The incidence was 10% in patients under 1 year, gradually decreasing to 5 to 6% at 2 to 5 years, 2.7% at 6 to 9 years, and 2.3% at 10 to 14 years, with an average rate of 5.5%. An attempt was made to assess possible relationships between clinical syndromes (convulsive disorders, developmental delays, and others) and the presence of CSP-CV. No solid statistical evidence of such relationships could be established. PMID- 7240511 TI - Thoracic computed tomography in superior sulcus tumors. AB - Computed tomography (CT) can be helpful in the preoperative evaluation of patients with a superior sulcus (Pancoast) tumor. The cross-sectional format and tissue resolution of CT better demonstrate the relationship of tumor to significant anterior structures (subclavian artery and vein, trachea, and esophagus) and posterior structures (chest wall and vertebral bodies) than do conventional techniques. Invasion of the subclavian vessels, mediastinum, or vertebral bodies contraindicates surgery. PMID- 7240512 TI - CT diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) findings in Budd-Chiari syndrome are described. With repeated injections of contrast medium, using an angio-CT technique, the authors consistently obtained a good and homogeneous enhancement of the liver parenchyma and vascular structures. The portal and hepatic veins were routinely seen. In Budd-Chiari syndrome, the authors found patchy enhancement of the involved section of the liver and absence of visualization of the hepatic veins. The latter is considered characteristic of hepatic vein obstruction and should not be misinterpreted as a consequence of neoplastic lesion. PMID- 7240514 TI - Computed tomography in ileofemoral venous thrombosis: extension to inferior vena cava defined with foot vein infusion. AB - Two cases of ileofemoral venous thrombosis and occlusion are presented in which cephalad extension of venous thrombosis to the inferior vena cava (IVC) is demonstrated on computed tomography (CT). Proximal venous obstruction does not diminish the utility of foot vein infusion simultaneous with the CT study. Delineation of intraluminal thrombosis in the IVC is excellent with good definition of occluded and patent segments of the IVC. PMID- 7240513 TI - Hepatic contrast agents for computed tomography: high atomic number particulate material. AB - We used a stepwise approach to identify, design, synthesize, and test new high atomic number particulate contrast agents that would be especially well suited for use with computed tomography (CT). Our goal was to produce extremely radiopaque compounds with highly selective biodistribution to the normal liver. In this way, dose requirements could be lessened and toxicity minimized. Suspensions of cerium, gadolinium, and dysprosium oxide particles and silver iodide colloid were tested and compared with standard agents. All four experimental agents were selectively concentrated in the reticuloendothelial systems of rats and rabbits. These compounds produced greater and longer opacification of normal livers and larger liver-to-tumor differences in rabbits with hepatic tumors than did equivalent amounts of standard, iodinated agents. Lesions as small as 5 mm were visible with CT. These experimental materials have favorable characteristics as hepatic contrast agents, but their toxicity and long term retention may limit clinical use. PMID- 7240515 TI - Role of computed tomography in the presurgical evaluation of carcinoma of the cervix. AB - Thirty-six consecutive patients either with primary or recurrent carcinoma of the cervix were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) to assess CT's ability to screen patients prior to radical surgery. Overall accuracy when compared to surgical findings or skinny needle biopsies was 80%. In accuracies by CT were the results of inability to assess minimally enlarged lymph nodes, inability to distinguish fibrosis from recurrent tumors, and difficulty in delineating actual tumor invasion versus contiguity of adjacent pelvic organs. Computed tomography proved to be a sensitive indicator in delineating actual tumor bulk and sidewall extension. Information gained by CT compared favorably with that obtained by intravenous urography, barium enemas, lymphangiography, and nuclear medicine bone scans. This comparison indicates that CT can serve as a sensitive imaging modality to assess the surgical candidacy of patients either with initial or recurrent carcinoma of the cervix. An algorithm of studies is proposed based on this preliminary investigation. PMID- 7240516 TI - Quantification of trabecular bone with low dose computed tomography. AB - Computed tomography (CT) has the potential of providing a precise quantification of trabecular bone. A special purpose low dose CT system for applications at peripheral measuring sites has been developed. With this system, the quantification of trabecular bone can be achieved with a reproducibility on the order of 0.3%. It has been used successfully in pilot studies of immobilization osteoporosis in children and adults on a week by week basis. Currently, the method is being used in a preliminary investigation of bone loss in women in an attempt to differentiate normal changes from changes due to postmenopausal osteoporosis. Results obtained so far indicate that intervals of 3 months are adequate for following the natural course of osteoporosis or its response to therapy on an individual basis. PMID- 7240517 TI - A nonuniform detector aperture for CT. AB - The finite width of the X-ray beam determined by the source and detector aperture limits the resolution of computed tomography (CT) images. Improved resolution can be obtained by reducing the width of the detector, but at a cost in dose utilization efficiency. We show that it is possible to improve the resolution in a CT image with a minimum cost in dose efficiency by varying the sensitivity of (apodizing) the detector response function. Further, we demonstrate how to construct detectors with nonuniform response by changing the reflective coating on the scintillator. Finally, we show improved calculated point response functions for such modified detectors. PMID- 7240518 TI - Case report. Budd-Chiari syndrome. AB - A ratio between the respective sizes of the caudate and the right hepatic lobes has been described as an adjunct to diagnosing cirrhosis. A case of Budd-Chiari syndrome is reported that shows that this ratio may also be indicative of this condition and is not entirely specific for cirrhosis. PMID- 7240519 TI - Case report. Aberrant right hepatic artery: a normal variant demonstrated by computed tomography. AB - A replaced right hepatic artery, originating from the superior mesenteric artery, was identified on precontrast abdominal computed tomography and confirmed by a postcontrast dynamic study. This normal anatomic variant can be correctly interpreted by the radiologist, and its correct identification is of potential importance in surgical planning. PMID- 7240522 TI - Case report. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. AB - A case of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung is presented in which the diagnosis was made following computed tomography. This imaging technique enabled differentiation of the disorder from other pulmonary causes of respiratory distress in the newborn and suggested the need for prompt surgical intervention. PMID- 7240521 TI - Case report. Computed tomography in neonatal subcapsular hemorrhage of the liver. AB - A case of neonatal subcapsular hemorrhage of the liver diagnosed by computed tomography is reported. In the postcontrast scan, a large, crescent shaped area of decreased attenuation was shown in the right hepatic lobe. PMID- 7240520 TI - Case report. CT demonstration of hepatic oil embolism following lymphangiography. AB - A case of hepatic oil embolism following lymphangiography is presented. The computed tomographic appearance is striking and probably distinctive of embolism to the hepatic vascular system. The postulated mechanism for the embolization is discussed. PMID- 7240523 TI - Case report. Aneurysm of the ductus arteriosus in an adult. AB - Aneurysm of the ductus arteriosus is unusual in the adult. Computed tomography (CT) may be critical in making a preoperative diagnosis. The value of CT in the diagnosis of this entity, as well as its likely pathogenesis, is discussed. PMID- 7240525 TI - Case report. Diagnosis of ovarian vein thrombophlebitis by computed tomography. AB - The diagnosis of postpartum ovarian vein thrombophlebitis has in the past been based purely on either clinical findings or surgical findings. There is almost no mention of this entity in the diagnostic imaging literature, a reflection of the lack of a means to demonstrate the vein that has existed to this time. We present a case in which the thrombosed vein and the surrounding inflammatory mass were demonstrated preoperatively by computed tomography (CT). We believe that CT may greatly facilitate the diagnosis of this potentially serious disorder. PMID- 7240524 TI - Case report. Bilateral cerebellar venous angioma. AB - A case of posterior fossa venous angioma involving both cerebellar hemispheres and responsible for a subarachnoid hemorrhage is reported. The computed tomographic appearance was characteristic and closely corresponded to the angiographic findings. One of the draining veins of this angiomatous lesion had a transpontine course. PMID- 7240526 TI - Case report. Combined adrenal adenoma and myelolipoma. AB - A case of both adrenal myelolipoma and adenoma is presented. The diagnosis of myelolipoma was suggested preoperatively by computed tomography in which one of the masses had negative attenuation coefficients. PMID- 7240527 TI - Case report. Retroperitoneal spleen mimicking suprarenal mass in association with malpositioned left kidney: embryologic theory. AB - A case is presented in which a malpositioned spleen mimics a suprarenal mass. The relationship between renal agenesis or malposition and variance in the position of the pancreatic tail and spleen are explained on an embryologic basis. PMID- 7240528 TI - Case report. CT diagnosis of splenic cystic lymphangiomatosis. AB - Several recent reports have stressed the role of angiography in the preoperative diagnosis of splenic cystic lymphangiomatosis. We describe a patient in whom computed tomography (CT) proved to be a key diagnostic tool that, when coupled with the radionuclide study, ultrasound, and clinical information, allowed for an accurate preoperative diagnosis. To our knowledge, there are no cases in the literature describing the use of CT in the evaluation of this entity. PMID- 7240529 TI - A pediatric case of cystic lymphangioma of the spleen. PMID- 7240530 TI - Dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. PMID- 7240531 TI - Langer's lines and skin scarring. PMID- 7240532 TI - Correlation of thicknesses of superficial spreading malignant melanomas and ages of patients. AB - In a prospective study of 455 consecutive patients with superficial spreading malignant melanomas entered into the data base of the Melanoma Cooperative Group of New York University Medical Center, it was found by linear-regression analysis that there is a statistically significant (p = 0.005) positive correlation between the ages of the patients and the thickness of their lesions. Although the reasons for the correlation between ages and thicknesses ae not certain, several possible explanations were considered, namely: (1) the greater prevalence of superficial spreading malignant melanomas in the aged on the lower limbs where thicker lesions were present in our patients, (2) the altered skin of the elderly, which may favor deeper penetration by these neoplasms, (3) impaired immunologic responses in the aged, (4) the delay in diagnosis of malignant melanomas in the elderly because of obsuration of them by numerous benign pigmented lesions that frequently develop with aging, and (5) lesser concern of the elderly with their physical appearances in particular and medical problems in general. PMID- 7240533 TI - Mucoid cysts of the fingers. Differential diagnosis, ultrastructure, and surgical treatment. AB - The title "digital mucoid cyst" is generic and encompasses cutaneous myxomas, which are focal intradermic mucinoses that are at times cystic, and ganglia, which are subcutaneous teno-arthro-synovial "hernias." A large myxoma over the second and third phalanges of the middle finger of the left hand is reported that caused progressive functional incapacity. It was managed by surgery, the technique of which is described. The need to differentiate cutaneous myxomas from ganglia is emphasized because the treatment of them is different. PMID- 7240534 TI - A pleomorphic lipoma in the scalp. AB - The pleomorphic lipoma is a benign neoplasm of lipocytes with atypical histologic features. The tumor shows a predilection for the region of the neck and shoulders of midde-aged and elderly men and must be differentiated from similar-appearing malignant entities such as liposarcoma and malignant myxoid fibrous histiocytoma. An occurrence of a pleomorphic lipoma in the scalp is reported and its histologic features described and discussed. PMID- 7240535 TI - Special surgical techniques for relief of phimosis. AB - Almost one-half of the population of adolescent and adult Japanese males suffers from some degree of phimosis, i.e., the condition in which the prepuce is too long or too tightly covers the glans penis and causes complications. This condition makes local hygiene difficult, promotes secondary infection and purulence, retards maturation of the penis, and leads to sexual dysfunction that is psychologically and maritally distressing. Circumcision shortly after birth is not ordinarily praticed in Japan, and when relief of phimosis and its complications is attempted later in life by the conventional technique of circumcision or by limited operations like dorsal slit of the prepuce or incision of the frenulum of the prepuce, the condition and its related problems are not readily or always satisfactorily corrected. Consequently, new surgical techniques have been devised and are practiced at the Ohjimi Clinic for the relief of phimosis, especially for the sexual dysfunction that results from it. PMID- 7240536 TI - Chemocautery for ingrown toenails. PMID- 7240540 TI - A subcutaneously pedicled flap from a cheek for repair of a defect in the upper lip. PMID- 7240538 TI - Clinical observations on the development and eventual character of hair in the axillae of human beings. AB - The authors examined clinically growth and patterns of axillary hair of Japanese males and females of various ages with a specific interest in the differences between vellus and coarse hairs. One notable finding was that in the axillae of children, vellus hairs are equidistant and solitary, whereas the coarse hairs that replace them emerge during puberty as solitary hairs and in bundles or groups. A statistical summary and speculation as to why growth of vellus hair and growth of coarse hair differ are the substance of this report. PMID- 7240537 TI - Blepharoplasty for orientals. AB - The creation of palpebral folds in the upper eyelids of Orientals is a cosmetic operation requested by patients who wish to "Westernize" their eyes. The anatomy of the Oriental and Occidental eyelid is discussed. Two surgical techniques of operation are described and illustrated. PMID- 7240539 TI - A holy tattoo. PMID- 7240541 TI - A build-it-yourself cryospray. PMID- 7240542 TI - Tumor Conference #35. Cowden's disease (multiple hamartoma syndrome). PMID- 7240543 TI - Morpheaform basal-cell epitheliomas. A study of subclinical extensions in a series of 51 cases. PMID- 7240544 TI - Metastatic basal-cell carcinoma. PMID- 7240546 TI - Darier's disease associated with cutaneous malignancies. PMID- 7240548 TI - [Effect of slow freezing on the integrity of erythrocyte ghost membranes]. PMID- 7240547 TI - Multifocal basal-cell carcinomas in the Nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn. AB - A lesion of nevus sebaceus with multifocal basal-cell carcinomas was excised by Mohs' fresh-tissue technique. Histologically, most of the foci of basal-cell carcinomatosis were of the superficial type, but the few more deeply situated foci had adamantinoid features. The malignancies extended well beyond the clinically discernible margins of the nevus sebaceus. Spontaneous healing of the wound of ablation resulted in a satisfactory appearance. PMID- 7240545 TI - Carcinoma of sebaceous glands on the head and neck. A report of four cases. AB - Carcinoma of sebaceous glands most commonly occurs on the eyelids and caruncles of the elderly. Local recurrences after would-be adequate treatment and distant metastases are common in this malignancy in this site. Carcinomas of sebaceous glands arising elsewhere in the skin also have a strong tendency to recur locally, but are said to be much less likely to metastasize. Our experience with four such carcinomas on the head and neck have led us to believe that the malignancy is biologically aggressive anywhere if not adequately treated at the onset. PMID- 7240549 TI - [Biological consequences of the physical organization of the plasma membranes of normal and tumor cells]. PMID- 7240551 TI - [Effect of diazan on proliferation of human tumor cells]. PMID- 7240552 TI - [Effect of diazan on DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in mouse L1210 leukemia cells sensitive and resistant to the drug]. PMID- 7240550 TI - [Preliminary results of medical research during the manned flights of the Saliut 6 program]. PMID- 7240553 TI - [Modeling the macrokinetics of the infectious process]. PMID- 7240554 TI - Laser--Doppler velocity meter applied to tympanic membrane vibrations in cat. AB - This paper describes a simple interferometer that can be used for the measurement of extremely small vibrations (down to 0.01 nm) in biological preparations. Instead of amplitudes it measures velocities by detecting the Doppler--shift in the frequency of light diffusely scattered by a vibrating object. It has been applied to the measurement of malleus vibrations in cat. The malleus itself scatters sufficient light for the interferometer to operate so that no mirror is needed that might load the malleus. Since the instrument measures velocities it is very well suited for this application because the velocity of the malleus vibrations is much less dependent on the signal frequency than is its amplitude. The method is very insensitive to background noises or vibrations so that no special precautions for isolation need to be taken. The vibrations of the malleus measured with this instrument turn out to be in excellent agreement with data by previous workers. The effect of underpressure in middle ear cavities on the transfer function was measured and appears to be rather severe (11 dB sensitivity decrease) for frequencies below 1500 Hz only. The linearity of the malleus vibration ws checked for sound pressures of 30 dB SPL up to 110 dB SPL. PMID- 7240555 TI - Study of the transient motion in the cochlea. AB - The transient problem obtained from a three-dimensional hydroelastic model of the cochlea is studied. In the model, the fluid motion is described by the linearized Navier-Stokes equations, and the basilar membrane is modeled as an elastic plate. The resulting problem is first reduced through the use of a slender body approximation which is, in turn, simplified by introducing expansions in terms of the reciprocal of the Reynolds number. With this, the wave-like nature of the solution is analyzed, comparing it with the long-time solution, as well as with experiment. PMID- 7240556 TI - Physiological (waves I and V) and psychophysical tuning curves in human subjects. AB - Tuning curves obtained on wave I (VIII nerve) and wave V of the auditory brainstem response were recorded simultaneously with ear-canal and forehead electrodes. On these same human subjects using the same acoustic stimuli psychophysical tuning curves were also measured. For each subject the three tuning curves were qualitatively similar; however, both intra- and inter-subject quantitative differences were present. The best agreement was between the psychological and the wave V tuning curves. The wave I tuning curve differed from the other two mainly on the high-frequency side by showing a wider response area. The main difference between both physiological tuning curves and the psychophysical tuning curve occurred near center frequency of the probe signal: Physiological tuning curves had deeper tips in comparison to the psychophysical tuning curves which had shallow rounded tips. This might be due to energy splatter of the short-duration signal which can significantly effect psychophysical judgments while minimally contributing to the physiological responses. A precise measure of sharpness of tuning was difficult to obtain; however, the response area of wave I appears to be more biased towards high frequency cochlear neurons than either wave V or psychophysical judgments. Tuning curves are shown to be a viable method of relating physiological to psychophysical measurements in human subjects. PMID- 7240557 TI - Effects of rise/decay time on the lateralization of interaurally delayed 1-kHz tones. AB - Experiments in lateralization were performed to evaluate the relative contribution of onset and phase cues in binaural hearing. A 1-kHz signal was presented with interaural stimulus delays ranging from 0 to 1000 microseconds, corresponding to phase shifts of 0 degree to 360 degrees. For a given value of delay, the leading signal was presented randomly to the right or left ear over a block of 100 trials, and the laterality of the resultant image was judged. The percentage of correct judgments was plotted as a function of delay with rise/decay time as a parameter. Values of rise/decay time ranged from 0 to 500 ms. The results indicated that rise/decay times of at least 200 ms are necessary to avoid contributions from the onset cue to the formation of lateralization judgments. For rise/decay times shorter than 200 ms, a conflict occurs between phase and onset cues in the region of phase shifts from 180 degrees to 360 degrees. At the limit with very short rise/decay times, the onset cue completely overrides the phase cue. PMID- 7240559 TI - Identification and discrimination of a synthesized voicing contrast by normal and sensorineural hearing-impaired children. AB - The identification and discrimination of a stop-consonant voicing contrast (/da/- /ta/) was assessed in children and adolescents who had moderate, severe, and profound sensorineural hearing losses. The location of the perceptual boundary between /da/ and /ta/ did not differ between normal listeners and listeners with moderate losses. Of the ten listeners with severe losses, five evidenced normal boundaries, three evidenced longer-than-normal boundaries, and two could not identify the stimuli at all. Of the three listeners with profound hearing losses, one could identify normally, and two could not identify at all. For the most part, discrimination data mirrored identification data. However, in some instances listeners were able to discriminate between stimuli they could not differentially identify. These subjects appeared to have the auditory capacity to resolve differences in voice-onset-time but could not use this capacity to make phonetic identification. PMID- 7240560 TI - Thresholds for tones in maskers of various bandwidths and for signals of various bandwidths as a function of signal frequency. AB - Critical bandwidth (CB), which represents the narrowest filter the auditory system can achieve, may be estimated directly from either of two experiments. A breakpoint emerges from the threshold function of a pure tone presented with maskers of different bandwidth and from the threshold function of noise signals of different widths masked by wideband noise. The bandwidth at which the knee occurs in either function defines the CB. A "conjoint" CB estimate can also be obtained by extrapolating noise-signal thresholds to be threshold level of a tone in wideband noise. Compared to other estimation procedures, the conjoint estimate is less affected by the signal's spectral splatter, the masker's intensity variability in time, and assumptions about the listening band's placement. PMID- 7240558 TI - A neural-counting model incorporating refractoriness and spread of excitation. II. Application to loudness estimation. AB - In previous paper [Teich and Lachs, J. Acoust. Soc. Am 66, 1738--1749 (1979)] we demonstrated that an energy-based neural counting model incorporating refractoriness and spread of excitation satisfactorily described the results of pure-tone intensity discrimination experiments. In this paper, we show that the identical linear filter refractoriness model (LFRM) also provides proper results for pure-tone loudness estimation experiments at all stimulus levels. In particular, as the stimulus intensity increases from very low to moderate values, the model predicts that the slope of the intensity discrimination curve will climb from 1/2 toward 1, whereas the slope of the loudness function will gradually decline below 1 in this same region. For sufficiently high values of the stimulus intensity, the slopes calculated from a simplified (crude saturation) version of the model are found to be 1--1/4N for the intensity discrimination curve and 1/2N for the loudness function. The quantity N is the number of poles associated with the tuned-filter characteristic of the individual neural channels; it is the only important free parameter in the model. Appropriate values for N appear to lie between 2 and 4, providing an asymptotic slope for the intensity discrimination curve bounded by 7/8 and 15/16 (the near miss to Weber's Law), and an asymptotic slope for the loudness function bounded by 1/4 and 1/8. The results follow from the assumption that the neural concomitant of loudness is the number of impulses observed on a collection of parallel neural channels during a fixed observation time. Our calculations are supported by Hellman and Zwislocki's [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 33, 687--694 (1961)] observation of unit slope for the loudness function at low intensities and provide a theoretical foundation, based on spread of excitation, for Stevens' power law at high intensities. PMID- 7240562 TI - Differential sensitivity to pitch distance, particularly in speech. AB - The fundamental frequency in speech shows many rapid variations, part of which determine the perceived shape of the pitch contour. This implies that the accuracy with which listeners perceive changes of F0 is more relevant to understanding the perception of intonation than the traditional just noticeable difference of F0 in speech. This study examines the sensitivity to differences in the amount of change of F0, upward (Experiment Ia) and downward (Experiment Ib). Subjects 74 and 104, respectively, with widely different musical ability can be divided into three categories: (1) Quite a number of them were not able to discriminate differences of less than 4 semitones (nondiscriminators); (2) other subjects wrongly tried to base their judgments on a simple comparison of the final pitches of a stimulus pair (final pitch discriminators); (3) the remaining subjects (pitch distance discriminators) yielded average jnd's of about 1.5 to 2 semitones. Since the issue is associated with musical interval sense, similar experiments were carried out using piano tones. The results were essentially the same as with the speech stimuli. The outcome suggests that only differences of more than 3 semitones play a part in communicative situations. PMID- 7240561 TI - Production of bite-block vowels: acoustic equivalence by selective compensation. AB - Acoustic and articulatory data are reported for steady state vowels produced both normally and with a bite block. The formant patterns of the bite-block vowels were found to approximate those of the naturally spoken vowels. Measurements derived from lateral view still x-ray films showed that the bite blocks induce drastic articulatory reorganization. Using a mandibular frame of reference, we found that speakers compensated for a large bite block by using supershapes of the tongue and the lips (for [u] and [o]). Comparing the two productions using a maxillary frame of reference, we noted that compensation was maximum at the points of maximum constriction and incomplete or partial at points where the vocal-tract area was large. A computer simulation of our speakers' compensatory strategy revealed that they behaved optimally according to acoustic theory. These findings suggest that a vowel target is coded neurophysiologically in terms of acoustically significant area-function, specifically, by information related to cavity configuration at points of maximum constriction. PMID- 7240565 TI - The effects of noise upon human hearing sensitivity from 8000 to 20 000 Hz. AB - High-frequency (8 to 20 kHz) hearing sensitivity was compared in thirty-six, 20 to 29-year-old military veterans with histories of steady-state or impulsive noise exposure. Threshold shifts were prominent for the steady-state noise subjects from 13 to 20 kHz. Mean thresholds from 8 through 12 kHz were maximally 20 dB poorer than a sample of young adult normals. Audiometric configurations for this group were generally smooth and symmetrical above 8000 Hz. For the impulsive noise group, substantial shifts in sensitivity were seen from 2 to 20 kHz and the high-frequency audiometric configurations were often jagged and/or asymmetrical. The variability of subjects in this group was greater than that seen in the steady-state noise exposed sample. Several case studies are presented to illustrate these characteristics. Measurement of auditory sensitivity from 8 to 20 kHz extends the mapping of basal cochlear function, providing information which often is not predictable from conventional audiometric measurement. This additional information provides for more comprehensive inter- and intra-subject comparison of the degree and extent of threshold changes present. PMID- 7240564 TI - Acoustic pressure amplitude thresholds for rectified diffusion in gaseous microbubbles in biological tissue. AB - One of the mechanisms often suggested for the biological action of ultrasonic beams irradiating human tissues is concerned with the presence in the tissues of minute gaseous bubbles which may, under the influence of the ultrasonic field be stimulated to grow to a size a which resonance or collapse occurs with severe associated shear stresses. The evidence for the existence of microbubbles in tissues is reviewed. The results of calculations, using two existing theoretical models, of the peak pressure threshold as a function of frequency are presented. The frequency is normalized with the resonant frequency of the bubble, and results are presented for three bubble radii (1, 2, and 3.5 micrometer) and for different values of the gas concentration in the tissue between 0.1 and 1. The results from two models differ suggesting that an improved model and better experimental data for the threshold calculations would be appropriate for further calculations. The thresholds calculated range below the peak pressure amplitudes used in continuous wave diagnostic instruments, indicating the need for a more careful investigation both of this damage mechanism and of the exposures used in routine diagnosis. The results of calculations for typical (transient) exposure conditions from pulse-echo equipment are presented, indicating that rectified diffusion and stable cavitation are improbable phenomena in these circumstances. PMID- 7240563 TI - Phonetic perception: evidence for context-dependent and context-independent processing. AB - In a series of experiments a selective adaptation technique was used to examine the dependencies that arise in processing phonetically relevant acoustic information in syllable-initial consonants. The pattern of results, identical across two vowel contexts, indicated that voice-onset-time specifying a voicing contrast and the spectral form of the initial transitions specifying a place of articulation contrast are processed in a mutually dependent fashion. A different pattern was revealed, however, for the processing of the spectral form of the transitions specifying a place contrast and the duration of the transitions specifying a manner contrast. Specifically, the data indicated that transition duration is processed independently of the spectral characteristics of the transitions, even though the processing of the spectral characteristics of the transitions is dependent on their duration. On the basis of these findings, the following conclusions were drawn: First, there are distinct patterns of interaction during speech processing; second, the system does not operate entirely in a context-conditioned fashion; and third, at early stages of processing the speech signal is not treated holistically, but rather undergoes analysis in terms of those acoustic dimensions that provide information about phonetic distinctions. PMID- 7240566 TI - Digital solution of cochlear mechanics problems. AB - Several advantages are incurred when the greater part of the solution to a cochlear mechanics problem is carried out with an analytical method. Many cochlear mechanics problems can be formulated in such a way that they require solution of a specific integral equation in terms of the Fourier transform W(k) of the BM velocity w(x). An analytical solution for W(k) is possible for a certain class of impedance functions. In this paper it is shown how the Fourier transformation to the x domain can be carried out without producing aliasing errors. The impedance function Z(x) must be made periodic in x. For a particular choice of this function, one which puts the main emphasis on BM resonance, the solution to the integral equation can be found from a simple recurrence relation between the spectral components Wn of w(x). The method is illustrated for typical one-, two-, and three-dimensional cochlea models. It is proven that in the region of resonance for (nondigital) solution method published earlier produces nearly equivalent results. The digital method has a much wider scope of application. PMID- 7240568 TI - Finite difference solution of a two-dimensional mathematical model of the cochlea. AB - A current, linear, two-dimensional mathematical model of the mechanics of the cochlea is solved numerically by using a finite difference approximation of the model equations. The finite-difference method is used to discretize Laplace's equation over a rectangular region with specified boundary conditions. The resulting matrix equation for fluid pressure is solved by using a Gaussian block elimination technique. Numerical solutions are obtained for fluid pressure and basilar membrane displacement as a function of distance from the stapes. The finite difference method is a direct, versatile, and reasonably efficient means of solving the two-dimensional cochlear model. PMID- 7240567 TI - AP tuning curves from normal and pathological human and guinea pig cochleas. AB - Measures of cochlear selectivity can be obtained from compound responses using tone-on-tone masking procedures [Dallos and Cheatham, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59, 591 -597 (1976)]. For the normal guinea pig, cochlear fiber tuning is sharper by a factor of 1.8 than AP tuning curves using simultaneous masking (threshold criterion = 25% N1 amplitude reduction). Anesthesia does not appear to affect AP tuning. In pathological cochleas, AP tuning is broadened by a factor of 2--3, and differences between forward and simultaneous masking curves are reduced. Tuning changes can sometimes occur without threshold elevation. AP tuning curves were obtained from humans during transtympanic electrocochleography. For subjects with near normal thresholds, Q10dB values (simultaneous masking) are approximately 2.3 at 2 kHz, 3.6 at 4 kHz, and 4.7 at 8 kHz. Using the relationship between cochlear fiber tuning and AP tuning in the guinea pig, estimates of human cochlear fiber tuning are 4.2 at 2 kHz, 6.5 at 4 kHz, and 8.5 at 8 kHz. Patients with threshold elevations of more than 30 dB resulting from cochlear deafness have AP tuning curves less sharply tuned by a factor of 2--3. PMID- 7240569 TI - Interaural correlation discrimination: i. bandwidth and level dependence. AB - Measurements of interaural cross-correlation jnds from two reference correlations at several bandwidths were obtained for constant-total-power and constant spectral-power Gaussian noise. At a reference correlation of 1, the results indicate that for bandwidths less than or equal to 115 Hz the jnd remains at a constant value of approximately 0.004, and monotonically increases (discrimination performance degrades) to approximately 0.04 as bandwidth increases above 115 Hz. At a reference correlation of 0, the jnd decreases (discrimination performance improves (from approximately 0.7 to 0.35 as the bandwidth increases from 3 to 115 Hz, and remains at a constant value of approximately 0.35 for bandwidths greater than 115 Hz. A decrease in the spectral level causes an increase in the jnds at a reference correlation of 1, and no change in the jnds at a reference correlation of 0. Of the three models tested, none is able to completely describe all of the empirical results. PMID- 7240570 TI - Forward masking by sinusoidal and noise maskers. AB - A 2-kHz sinusoid and a narrow-band noise centered at 2 kHz, with the same total power, served as maskers for a 2-kHz sinusoidal signal. We compare the forward masking produced by these two maskers (1) as a function of offset--offset time for 5- and 35-ms signals, (2) as a function of signal duration for a fixed offset -onset time, and (3) as a function of signal duration for a fixed offset--offset time. In all these comparisons, we find that the noise and sinusoid not only produce different amounts of masking for the same experimental condition, but they also show different trends for the same manipulation. The important relations in these results are demonstrated in an additional set of conditions with a 1-kHz signal. In order to account for the differences observed in both experiments, we argue that forward masking is determined by at least two factors. We suggest signal energy as one factor and the presence or absence of differences in quality between masker and signal as another. PMID- 7240571 TI - Formulae for calculating the psychoacoustical excitation level of aural difference tones measured by the cancellation method. PMID- 7240572 TI - Modeling the judgment of vowel quality differences. AB - The hypothesis of this study is that the auditory cues relevant to listeners' judgment of vowel quality are a spectral representation of loudness density versus pitch. A model is described that generates such patterns for steady-state vowels. In addition to the nonlinear transformations underlying the loudness density and pitch scales, it incorporates experimentally established characteristics associated with frequency resolution and masking, such as the critical band concept. This model is combined with a measure of auditory perceptual distance which, operating on pairs of vowels, treats each stimulus representation as a single spectral shape. In order to test the distance metric and the model, experimental data were gathered from listeners' numerical estimates of quality differences between stimulus pairs which compared four formant and two-formant vowels. The correlation between experimental and theoretical results was 0.89. We interpret this value to indicate that the present definition of auditory cue and auditory distance can be said to account for the experimental behavior of our listeners only in a rather gross fashion. On the other hand, the theory was developed on the basis of rather conservative assumptions about the nature of auditory cues. For instance, the model ignores the possibility of temporal coding and certain nonlinear effects, and it does not pay special attention to spectral peaks. Seen in that light, the agreement between observed and predicted auditory distance is remarkably good. PMID- 7240573 TI - Piecewise-planar vowel formant distributions across speakers. AB - A previous study [D. J. broad and H. Wakita, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 62, 1467--1473 (1977)] showing that one female speaker's first three vowel formant frequencies clustered about a two-part piecewise-planar surface is extended to five additional speakers. For each speaker, a similar two-plane representation is found, with the rms spread of the data about the planes ranging between 69 and 103 Hz. The orientations of the planes for the different speakers are similar: The front-vowel planes make an average angle of 10 degrees to the average front vowel plane, while the back-vowel planes make an average angle of 13 degrees to the average back-vowel plane. Nearly all these departures from the average are significant at the 99% level. The hypothesis of uniform scaling of vowel formant frequencies between speakers must therefore be rejected if it is carried strictly to three dimensions. This is also shown by the positions of the planes. The speakers do, however, group into two almost uniformly scalable subsets. Finally, the third formants of the retroflex vowels for most of the speakers are lower than would be predicted solely from exploitation of low-F3 regions of the piecewise-planar surfaces. PMID- 7240574 TI - Segmenting speech using dynamic programming. AB - Speech is modeled as a Markov chain. Scoring is developed to convert observations of the speech signal into estimated probabilities of the locations of segment boundaries. Dynamic programming is then used to compute a most-probable segmentation for the speech. The process automatically adjusts to speakers and incorporates a priori information in a probabilistic and systemic fashion. The performance of the algorithm appears to be state-of-the-art, independent of speaker. PMID- 7240575 TI - Shifts in phonetic identification with changes in signal presentation level. AB - Identification functions for stimuli from a two-formant [bdg] continuum were assessed at three levels of signal presentation: 55, 70, and 90 dB SPL. At 90 dB the [b] category was narrowed, the [d] category virtually eliminated, and the [g] category greatly enlarged. Since high SPLs can alter the identification functions for these simplified speech signals, caution should be exercised when using stimuli of this nature to compare the speech perception abilities of normal hearing and hearing impaired listeners. If high SPLs, independent of cochlear damage, can alter identification functions, then perceptual experiments may best be conducted at equal SPLs rather than at equal SLs. PMID- 7240576 TI - Jaw-muscle activity during speech with the mandible fixed. AB - Electromyographic recordings were made from the anterior temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles in four normal adult subjects. Discrete bursts of activity occurred in these muscles even during speech with the jaw prevented from moving by placement of a bite block between upper and lower molars. The bursts of muscle activity with the bite block were similar in frequency of occurrence, time of peak activity, and magnitude to the activity observed with the jaw free to move. A motor control system that employs a central simulation process to coordinate the lips and tongue with the jaw is not necessarily consistent with this finding. An efficient central simulation process might be expected to eliminate the discrete jaw-muscle activity with the jaw fixed as well as producing correct responses in the lips and tongue. These data are more consistent with a motor control system employing lower-level neural mechanisms to coordinate articulatory movements. PMID- 7240577 TI - Discrimination of the "tempo of frequency change" cue. AB - The results of identification and two oddity discrimination tests with a stop versus glide continuum are presented. When the oddity method is combined with "Facilitation," i.e., by repeating one of the stimulus tokens ten times before each oddity triad, discrimination is considerably improved. The shape of the resulting discrimination function suggests a possible psychoacoustic basis in terms of relative duration differences. PMID- 7240578 TI - Some effects of auditory stimulation on perioral motor unit discharge and their implications for speech production. AB - The objective of this investigation was to describe the electrophysiological properties of short-latency reflexive pathways existing between the auditory system and the motoneurons involved in the control of lower lip movements for speech. The general procedure involved binaural presentation of auditory clicks (60--75 dB SL) at constant rates while subjects maintained a steady firing rate in a perioral motor unit. Post-stimulus time histograms were used to assess the effects of stimulation on the probability of firing of individual motor units. Data collected on 33 motor units in four subjects revealed a significant short latency change in the probability of firing of 16 of these units. The mean latency of this effect was 20.4 ms. There was some indication that the direction and latency of the initial response to stimulation was dependent on the location and function of individual motor units. The likely neural pathways mediating these effects and their potential role in speech production are discussed. PMID- 7240579 TI - Detecting the presence of vocal disguise in the male voice. PMID- 7240580 TI - On levels of description in speech research. AB - Many researchers are linguistic category names (consonants, vowels, syllables) to refer to observations and measurements made in records of the acoustic speech signal. The present paper serves as a remainder that linguistic categories are abstract and have no physical properties, and that, therefore, their physical correlates in the speech wave are appropriately described in acoustic terms only. PMID- 7240582 TI - New probe microphone for investigating the acoustics of the ear. PMID- 7240581 TI - Perceptual dimension of openness in vowels. AB - The role of intrinsic factors determining perceived degree of vowel openness was examined. In order to determine the role of F1 and F0, one-formant vowels, covering a wide range of fundamental and formant frequencies, were identified by 23 subjects who were native speakers of a Bavarian dialect in which five degrees of openness occur distinctively. The significance of intrinsic factors other than F1 and F0 was also studied using synthetic versions of natural vowels with F1 and/or F0 systematically displaced in frequency. It was found that, generally, the tonality distance between F1 and F0 is decisive for openness, while the higher formants contribute marginally. It was further found that the distance between widely spaced formants, as between F2 and F1 in front vowels, is not crucial for vowel identification. The results are evaluated in terms of a psychoacoustic model of identification by pattern matching. the model incorporates two basic assumptions. First, a certain pattern of excitation along the basilar membrane is recognized as a given feature regardless of position along the membrane. Second, there is an integration band with a width of 3 Bark effective in spectrum envelope recognition. PMID- 7240583 TI - Detection of long interaural delays for broadband noise. PMID- 7240584 TI - Early ultrasonic effects upon mammalian CNS structures (chemical synapses). PMID- 7240585 TI - Suppression of auditory nerve responses I: temporal analysis, intensity effects and suppression contours. AB - Two-tone suppression was studied in response patterns of single auditory nerve fibers in anesthetized cats. Utilizing suppression of discharge synchronization in response to low- and moderate-frequency tones as an index, it was found that (a) suppression behaves in the same manner when the suppressor tone presented alone is strongly excitatory as when it is ineffective in altering discharge rate; (b) suppression exists throughout an auditory nerve fiber's response area; (c) for fixed-intensity suppressors, suppression is maximal at a fiber's characteristic frequency; and (d) suppression magnitude over a wide intensity range depends only upon the parameters of the suppressor tone and not of the tone being suppressed. The data are in general agreement with previously published reports of suppression behavior, and they support the concept that suppression is generated primarily as a result of interactions occurring within hair cells or in the subtectorial space. PMID- 7240586 TI - Comparison between the effects of continuous and impact noise on cochlear potentials in guinea pigs. AB - Cochlear microphonics (CM), action potentials (AP), and endocochlear potential (EP) were recorded from anesthetized, immobilized guinea pigs during potential (EP) were recorded from anesthetized, immobilized guinea pigs during and following 20 min periods of noise exposure. Changes in cochlear potentials were compared in guinea pigs exposed to continuous broadband noise or mechanically generated impact noise of equal energy content. Over a range of continuous noise levels from 95 to 105 dB SPL it was found that continuous noise produced less suppression of CM and a greater suppression of AP than did impact noise of equal energy. A reduction of EP did not accompany CM suppression with either type of noise exposure. Suppression of CM and AP was also compared in guinea pigs with chronically implanted round window electrodes. In these preparations, AP was suppressed to a similar extent by impact and continuous noise of equal energy, but CM was suppressed to a significantly greater extent by impact noise. The data from both series of experiments indicate that the suppression of cochlear responses is not predicted by an "equal energy" rule when impact and continuous noise are compared. PMID- 7240587 TI - Post masking with two maskers: effects of bandwidth. AB - Thresholds of test tone impulses masked by one masker M1 or two maskers M1 + M2 are determined in a post-masking (forward masking) stimulus paradigm. Test tones are centered at masker M1 and the bandwidth of M1 is varied. The magnitude of the threshold decrease delta L caused by the addition of masker M2 depends on masker M2 as follows: Large delta L for narrow-band noise and AM tone, medium delta L for pure- and QFM-tone, almost no threshold decrease for broadband noise-masker M1. PMID- 7240589 TI - Hybrid adaptive procedure for estimation of psychometric functions. AB - Adaptive psychophysical procedures that have been described in the literature generally fall into one of two categories. (1) Simple procedures, such as UDTR and PEST, can be implemented without an on-line computer. The decision to change testing level is based on the outcome of the few most recent trials, and the final estimate of threshold is given by the final testing level or the average of a few testing levels. (2) "Maximum likelihood" methods require an on-line computer. A parametric form of the psychometric function is assumed, and after each trial a maximum-likelihood estimate of the parameters of the psychometric function is made on the basis of all preceding trials. This estimate is used to set the next testing level and to estimate threshold. We describe here a hybrid procedure, in which testing levels are determined by PEST and the final estimate of threshold is made by fitting an assumed psychometric function to all preceding trials. The PEST rules were tuned to yield results that were accurate and insensitive to errors in initial estimates of the psychometric function. These parameters differ from those that yield optimum results with classical PEST. Results of computer simulations and of experiments with human subjects are presented. PMID- 7240588 TI - Psychophysical tuning curves independent of signal level. AB - Psychophysical tuning curves were obtained for three subjects in a forward masking paradigm, with signal levels of 21, 30, and 50 dB SPL at 1000 Hz and 30, 40, and 50 dB SPL with a 3000-Hz signal. All tuning curves were measured in quiet and with a background noise adjusted to produce a constant signal-to-noise ratio of E/N0 = 16 dB. The results indicated that the tuning curves obtained in quite change shape with increasing signal level, whereas the shapes of tuning curves measured in noise are the same at all signal levels. A control condition demonstrates that only signal energy in a narrow band near the signal frequency is useful in detecting the signal. This control along with the invariance of tuning curve shape with signal level support the interpretation that the broadening of tuning curves with increased signal level, observed when the signals are presented in quiet, is caused by the presence of off-frequency components. PMID- 7240590 TI - Anomalous auditory filter bandwidth derived from direct masking of complex signals. AB - Psychoacoustical thresholds were determined for complex signals (triangular spectral envelope and 2000-Hz center frequency) masked by broadband noise. Variation of the fundamental frequency and of the phase relation between the components had no influence on the masked thresholds, although the temporal envelopes of the complexes were completely different. The bandwidth of the signals was varied by changing the slope of the spectral envelopes. From the dependence of the masked threshold on signal bandwidth the auditory filter bandwidth was estimated to be about 100 Hz at 2000 Hz. Masked thresholds determined for complexes with flat spectral envelope resulted in the same auditory filter bandwidth. These values are extremely narrow compared to the value of about 320 Hz often observed in other measures. It is suggested that the masked thresholds are influenced by temporal interactions. PMID- 7240591 TI - Pitch of unequal-amplitude dichotic two-tone harmonic complexes. AB - Melodic interval identification experiments are reported for dichotic tone complexes of two successive random harmonics having different intensity ratios. Experimentally obtained confusion matrices are compared with theoretical matrices derived from Goldstein's optimal processor theory. Wightman's pattern transformation theory, and a newly formulated analytic pitch theory. Results confirm that at relatively low harmonic numbers, the optimal processor theory provides an excellent description of the empirical data, even for large inter tone intensity differences, but that for complex tones of higher harmonic order analytic pitch perception plays a significant role. At harmonic numbers higher than about six, none of the examined theories or combinations of theories gives a complete account of empirical data, which underscores the fact that aural processing of complex tones is still not well understood. PMID- 7240592 TI - Loudness of tone pulses in a free field. AB - Investigations of temporal loudness summation of tone pulses have been performed. The investigations comprised equal loudness determinations between pairs of tone pulses with a duration ratio of 1:2, and threshold determinations of the same tone pulses. Pulse duration ranged from 5 to 640 ms. The frequencies were 500, 1000, and 4000 Hz. All pulses were shaped by means of 1/3 octave filters. For 25 normal hearing observers the investigations were performed at the observer's threshold, and at 35 and 55 dB SPL. Fitting of the experimental data to a single exponential function yields a time constant (tau) of about 200 ms near and at the threshold, whereas tau is about 100 ms at levels well above threshold. Discrepancies exist, nevertheless, between this single-time-constant model and the experimental data obtained for the pulses of shortest duration. To account for this, a model is proposed comprising a combination of two exponential functions. This yields a short time constant of 5 to 10 ms combined with the longer constant mentioned above. PMID- 7240593 TI - Form equivalence of the speech perception in noise (SPIN) test. AB - An evaluation was conducted of the equivalence of the ten forms of the Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) Test with normal hearing subjects. Each subject was tested monaurally on all ten forms. Twenty-five subjects were presented the materials at 80 dB SPL at a signal-to-babble ratio of - 1 dB. An additional 25 subjects heard the materials at 30 dB SPL, at a signal-to-babble ratio of + 3 dB. The data were analyzed for equivalence using a parallel tests model. A detailed rationale for the application of this model to the equivalence of the SPIN test is presented. The results indicated that a subset of seven lists fits the equivalence model for PH, PL, and difference (PH - PL) scores. Additionally, analysis of list-pair data (combination of companion forms) suggested that all five list-pairs resulted in equivalent performance. PMID- 7240594 TI - Presidential address. Standards of practice--our responsibility. PMID- 7240595 TI - Allergen skin-test reactivity in a community population sample: correlation with age, histamine skin reactions and total serum immunoglobulin E. AB - Allergen skin reactivity to 14 common local antigens was studied in a community population sample. Differences in the prevalence of positive reactions were related to both the specific antigen itself and the age of the subjects. For most allergens, peak prevalence occurred in the 20- to 34-yr age group, falling thereafter with increasing age. The frequency distribution of reactions revealed a bimodal curve, peaks occurring among nonreactors and those with eight positive reactions out of the 14 tests that were applied. The major contributor to this age--skin test relationship was the level of total serum IgE that was highest in young people and decreased progressively with age. Histamine skin reactions, which were smallest in younger subjects compared with all three older age groups, also contributed to the age-related prevalence of allergen skin-test reactions. PMID- 7240596 TI - Induction of persistent tolerance to urushiol in humans. AB - Young nonimmune subjects were injected intramuscularly multiple times with small amounts of urushiol oil derived from poison oak. One week after the last injection this group and another group of age-matched controls were exposed to a sensitizing dose of the oil painted on the skin. All were challenged at 1 mo, then each year for 7 yr. Initially all experimental subjects were tolerant to high challenge doses; this persisted for 1 yr, at which time experimental subjects were no longer completely tolerant but were clinically tolerant (hyporeactive). This state persisted for at least 4 yr, and this represents complete tolerance followed by long-lasting hyposensitization. PMID- 7240597 TI - Sensitivity to ingested metabisulfites in asthmatic subjects. AB - While ingesting selected foods and drinks in restaurants, four asthmatic patients reported the sudden onset of severe wheezing and associated anaphylactoid symptoms and signs. Single-blind placebo and potassium metabisulfite (K2S2O5) oral challenges documented asthmatic responses 15 to 30 min after ingestion of K2S2O5. Laboratory investigations failed to demonstrate specific reaginic antibody recognition of K2S2O5 in these patients. Furthermore, their peripheral basophils did not release histamine during in vitro challenges with K2S2O5. It seems likely that additional asthmatic subjects have such sensitivities but are currently assumed to have "food allergies." Such individuals can be suspected of having this sensitivity by history, and oral K2S2O5 challenges can identify asthmatics who are sensitive. PMID- 7240598 TI - Local intranasal immunotherapy for ragweed allergic rhinitis. I. Clinical response. AB - Local nasal immunotherapy (LNIT) of ragweed allergic rhinitis was studied in a double-blind controlled trial. Sixty-seven subjects were divided into three groups. Twenty-one received unmodified ragweed extract (RW), 24 received a glutaraldehyde polymer of ragweed extract (PRW), and 22 received placebo. Mean symptom/medication scores during the season were 2.12, 2.76, and 3.93 for the RW, PRW, and placebo groups, respectively. Both RW- and the PRW-treated group scores were significantly lower than those of the placebo group (p less than 0.01, and p less than 0.025, respectively). The results of the patients' self-evaluations indicated that therapy was effective in 71%, 59%, and 41% for the RW-, PRW-, and placebo-treated groups, respectively. Adverse reactions to treatment were limited to the upper respiratory tract and were noted by all patients. They were significantly more severe in the RW-treated patients than those in the PRW- or placebo-treated groups. We conclude that LNIT is an effective therapy for ragweed allergic rhinitis. The use of a PRW decreased adverse reactions significantly while slightly decreasing the therapeutic benefit. PMID- 7240599 TI - Role of immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin E receptors in bronchial asthma. PMID- 7240600 TI - Inhalation challenge and skin testing in farmer's lung. AB - An immunologic basis for episodes of farmer's lung is shown by the response of susceptible individuals to inhalation challenge with extracts of Micropolyspora faeni, the main sensitizing agent in moldy hay dust. However, if the complement fixing capacity of the farmer's serum for M. faeni antigen is used as a quantitative assessment of sensitivity, it does not predict whether an individual will respond to inhalation challenge. A positive immediate skin test to M. faeni antigens was observed in all cases with over 40 CH50 consuming units of antibody per milliliter of serum. A similar correlation was seen between complement consumption and precipitins. PMID- 7240601 TI - Corticosteroid-sensitive lymphocytes are normal in atopic asthma. AB - Corticosteroids, well known to increase susceptibility to infection, are often administered to atopic patients. Atopy may be associated with lymphocyte abnormalities and increased susceptibility to infections caused by intracellular organisms. We sought to determine whether atopic and nonatopic subjects respond in a similar manner to corticosteroids administered both systemically and locally. We compared the response of peripheral blood leukocytes of 15 atopic asthmatics and 10 nonatopic control subjects to prednisone or beclomethasone dipropionate. We determined leukocyte number, total eosinophil count, T-cell number, complement receptor lymphocyte number, and concanavalin A (Con A)- and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte proliferation before and 5 hr after administration of 20 mg of prednisone orally or 336 micrograms of beclomethasone dipropionate by aerosol inhalation. Baseline values of the groups differed. The atopic asthmatic group had higher total eosinophil count, lower percent lymphocyte count, and slightly lower Con A- and PHA (high concentration)-induced lymphocyte proliferation. T-cell and complement receptor lymphocyte number were equivalent in both groups. Prednisone caused a profound eosinopenia, monocytopenia, T lymphopenia, depression of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, and increase in leukocyte number and complement receptor lymphocyte percent. Beclomethasone dipropionate was associated with little or no change in these parameters. We conclude that atopic asthma is not associated with a defect in corticosteroid-sensitive leukocyte populations and that beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol, as opposed to prednisone, does not alter peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations. PMID- 7240602 TI - A U.S. reference for human immunoglobulin E. AB - The Committee on In Vitro Tests of the American Academy of Allergy has collected a large pool of human serum containing high titers of total IgE for the purpose of establishing a U.S. reference material. This pool is free from hepatitis B surface antigen. The serum pool has been subaliquoted, lyophilized and tested for total IgE content. The paper radioimmunosorbent test (PRIST) technique was used for this measurement. All laboratories used the same lot of reagents. The Second International Reference Preparation was used as the reference standard in each assay. Multiple replicates of the pooled sera was tested for total IgE content with one set of reagents by each of the 14 participating committee laboratories. The results for total IgE content (IU) of the vials were: mean of means, 899; median of means, 901; weighted mean, 898; with an overall coefficient of variation of 15.3%. This new IgE reference material is available to all laboratories for use as a primary reference standard from the Research Resources Branch, NIAID-NIH, Bethesda, MD 20205. PMID- 7240603 TI - Role of food characteristics in behavioral change and weight loss. AB - A behaviorally oriented correspondence course was completed by 517 subjects. All subjects received the behavioral course but were sorted into four groups: (a) behavioral instruction only, (b) recommend soup for lunch, (c) recommend soup for any meal or snack, and (d) recommend yogurt for meals or snacks. Subjects lost an average of 3.8 kg. in 10 weeks. There was a marked association between rate of eating and total caloric consumption for the meal. Eating soup as part of lunch or dinner led to both decreased consumption of kilo-calories and a slower rate of eating. PMID- 7240604 TI - Dietitians in the early establishment stage of their careers. I. Career selection and related variables. AB - Factors affecting career selection, career and professional involvement and identification, and psychological success were assessed among a sample (n = 395) of dietitians less than 30 years old. The sample was divided equally into those initially selecting dietetics as a career and those selecting dietetics after considering other career options. Abilities and interests were indicated as one of the most important influences on career choice. Overall, the dietitians in the early stages of their careers in this study seemed to have strong pride in and identification with their profession. PMID- 7240605 TI - Dietitians in the early establishment stage of their careers. II. Correlates of career motivation and satisfaction. AB - Sources of career motivation and satisfaction were studied among a national sample of dietitians in the early establishment stage of their careers. Thirty two items were rated on importance and satisfaction. Seven importance factor scores were developed to describe aspects of career motivation: prestige, monetary reward, independence/self-sufficiency, professional challenge, self realization, social service, and social stimulation. Professional challenge and self-realization were the factors rated highest by the young dietitians (less than 30 years old), and prestige and social stimulation were lowest in importance. Satisfaction dimensions were: professional challenge, service to others, financial, professional power, and professional stimulation. Professional challenge provided the greatest source of satisfaction, whereas financial reward was least satisfying. PMID- 7240606 TI - Post-baccalaureate activities of community nutrition graduates. AB - A comparison was made of the employment status of graduates of three types of programs in community nutrition. Graduates of community nutrition programs were less likely to be employed in dietetics or nutrition-related positions; were less likely to be registered dietitians or to have fulfilled requirements for professional registration; and were less likely to recommend the profession than were graduates of coordinated undergraduate programs or of programs in general dietetics or foods and nutrition. Implications for student counseling and professional accreditation are discussed. PMID- 7240607 TI - Interviewing and counseling functions of the dietetic technician in nutritional care. Evaluation of identified competencies. AB - The study was designed to identify and to evaluate the interviewing and diet counseling functions of the dietetic technician. Detailed comparisons and analyses were made of data collected from dietetic practitioners and educators and of data from the literature, curriculums, and job descriptions. Competencies were identified for further study. The videotaped performances of dietetic technician students were compared to defined criteria. The interviewing and patient education skills were satisfactory. A majority of the students lacked the counseling skills required for a client-centered approach. Curriculum inferences are presented. PMID- 7240608 TI - Assessing fees for nutritional counseling. AB - Questionnaires from hospital dietetic departments in the South and Midwest were used to make recommendations for fee assessment for nutritional counseling. About one-half charged for outpatient diet instruction, while only 9 percent charged for inpatients. The amount charged ranged from $2.50 to $25 per instruction, with a mean amount of $12.57 per hour. Recommendations for assessing fees for nutritional counseling included defining routine nutritional care. Nutritional counseling is not reimbursed by Medicare and Medicaid and only to a limited extent by private insurance companies. More studies are needed to establish the cost and benefits of nutrition services before reimbursement will be routinely provided by government and private health insurance. PMID- 7240611 TI - Multiple lesions in stroke patients: a study in morbid anatomy. AB - In a series of 302 autopsies, 47 elderly subjects during life had shown signs or symptoms suggesting cerebrovascular accidents. At autopsy they showed no less than 506 pathologic lesions, an average of 10.7 per patient. Of these lesions, 36.5 percent were cardiovascular, 15.8 percent pulmonary, 11.0 percent renal, 9.0 percent cerebral, 8.3 percent hepatic, 6.5 percent gastrointestinal or pancreatic, 5.0 percent genital, 3.5 percent splenic, and 4.4 percent in other tissues. Multiple autopsy findings are the rule and not the exception in patients of the age group in which strokes are liable to occur. PMID- 7240610 TI - Standards of practice: nutritional quality assurance in acute-care hospitals. AB - Although the standards were written originally for use in acute-care hospitals, they are guidelines that can be tailored to any health care institution's nutritional needs. The practice standards could also be used to illustrate those areas in nutritional assessment, care, and documentation that need additional improvement. As a result of the research and development of the practice standards, more concise and informative medical record entries are possible, thereby furnishing nutritional care providers with an invaluable tool. PMID- 7240609 TI - Employers' perceptions of dietetic team members' roles. AB - The emergence of supportive personnel in the dietetic field has introduced a question of the appropriate role of each of the different dietetic team members. Since the dietetic technician works closely with the dietitian, a clear understanding of the role of each is necessary if they are to be complementary. This article presented general information obtained from a study of the roles of dietetic team members and potential for the dietetic technician, as perceived by employers. Data from 30 hospitals and 35 long-term care facilities in the north central district of Georgia indicated that dietetic technicians are currently underutilized in both settings. Representatives in hospitals perceived greater potential for the dietetic technician than did those in long-term care facilities, although employers in both settings lacked perceptions of role differentiation among the three members of the dietetic team. An approach to differentiating the role of the dietetic technician from that of the dietitian was presented. This approach could diminish role conflict between the dietitian and the dietetic technician and allow the dietitian to perform the functions of the professional with expertise in nutrition. PMID- 7240612 TI - Bromocriptine and its use in Parkinsonism. AB - Bromocriptine is a potent dopamine agonist which directly stimulates dopamine receptors. In the corpus striatum, this action results in alleviation of many of the signs and symptoms of parkinsonism. The effectiveness of bromocriptine may persist for at least one to two years; results of more prolonged treatment are not available. Adverse reactions are common and often severe, but safety in dosages up to 100 mg daily for one to two years has been adequately established. Bromocriptine is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to levodopa in both beneficial and adverse effect. However, because of variations in individual response, bromocriptine sometimes ameliorates the problems of prolonged levodopa therapy, i.e., declining efficacy, fluctuations in therapeutic response, and the development of disabling abnormal involuntary movements, Thus bromocriptine is a valuable adjunct in the treatment of parkinsonism. PMID- 7240613 TI - Monitoring digoxin therapy in two long-term facilities. AB - Digoxin monitoring was examined according to 13 criteria in two nursing homes: 1) an intermediate care facility (ICF) with private physicians, and 2) a skilled care (SCF) plus ICF with 3 housestaff physicians from a identify all patients receiving digoxin, 2) evaluate dosage patterns, 3) evaluate monitoring patterns, and 4) detect possible toxic reactions and determine whether management was appropriate. The calculated correct dosage of digoxin in both ICFs. More frequent monitoring of serum creatinine and potassium levels was associated with fewer symptoms of toxicity. Possible toxicity occurred in 46 percent of the SCF and in 68 and 71 percent of patients in the ICFs. Documented toxicity occurred in 18 percent of the SCF patients and in 16 and 10 percent of the ICF patients. Eighty percent of patients who had symptoms of digoxin toxicity were not examined or managed appropriately in the SCF, and 43 and 33 percent in the ICFs. Often standing orders had been assigned for drugs to treat nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. A number of possible drug interactions with digoxin were discovered. The participation of the pharmacist in nursing home care is discussed. PMID- 7240614 TI - Infected aortic aneurysm. AB - Aortic aneurysms may become infected. This unusual complication carries a highly unfavorable prognosis. In any patient with sepsis and a known aneurysm, spread of the sepsis to the aneurysm should be suspected if no other source of infection can be found. A case report is presented, together with a brief review of the literature. PMID- 7240616 TI - Consistency in patients' health and treatment expectations at a geriatric clinic. AB - This study focused on predictors of consistency and inconsistency in health and treatment expectations among 77 new patients (mean age, 73) at a geriatric outpatient clinic. Just before their first appointment, and again one week afterward, the patients were asked about their overall health status, their specific illness complaints, their reasons for visiting the clinic, and their expectations regarding treatment and the future outlook. Few predictors of consistency were found for such outcome measures as the number of health problems reported, present and future health status, and the duration, difficulty and benefits of treatment. Inconsistency and uncertainty were more evident in these geriatric outpatients' perceptions, especially among those with self-rated poor health and mobility. This study emphasizes: 1) the importance to the treatment context of geriatric patients' inconsistencies about their health, and 2) the additional burden clinicians must bear in dealing with such discrepancies. PMID- 7240615 TI - Selected physiologic and drug effects on serum uric acid levels in an elderly population. AB - A total of 2,923 elderly subjects were studied to determine the relationship between obesity, hypertension, thyroid disease, renal function, alcohol consumption, selected drugs, and the serum uric acid level. Comparison of the serum uric acid levels with indices of obesity demonstrated a strong correlation in normotensive (p less than .0001) and hypertensive (p less than .001) subjects. The serum creatinine level, when used alone, was not a reliable indicator of renal function. Of the drugs evaluated, diuretics had the most pronounced effect upon the serum uric acid level. PMID- 7240617 TI - Sleep-wake disorders in the elderly: polysomnographic analysis. AB - The experience with 83 patients aged 60 or older from the Stanford Sleep-Wake Disorders Clinic is compared with that in 423 younger clinic patients seen during the same two-year period. Each patient received a medical, psychologic and polysomnographic evaluation. The final diagnoses were recorded according to the Diagnostic Classification System of the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers. The most common major diagnoses in the elderly group were sleep apnea syndrome (39 percent) and periodic movements-restless legs syndrome (18 percent). These syndromes showed a significantly greater prevalence in the older than in the younger patients (p less than .001), and were found in 68 percent of the elderly group. The elderly manifested more objective signs of sleep disturbance, including more wake time after sleep onset, and more frequent and longer awakenings; moreover, fewer of them experienced stage-4 sleep. The diagnostic findings seemed to indicate that complaints about sleep-wake functioning in many elderly patients may be a result of specific pathologic sleep disturbances. PMID- 7240619 TI - Social support and alternatives to institutionalization for the at-risk elderly. AB - Selected findings are reported from a follow-up study conducted to determine what happened to persons aged 65 or older who were referred for evaluation to an urban Geriatric Evaluation Service (GES) but who were not approved by the GES for admission to a mental hospital. Reasons given for the referral included both physical and behavioral problems. The alternatives to institutionalization were based upon the nature of the available social support system, and the functional health status. The family provided most of the care for its aged ill, and the adult children provided most of the social support. In the absence of support by adult children, other relatives gave the necessary care, which included a wide range of services such as personal care, housekeeping, cooking, running errands, transporting, and the important service of just being present or available. Community services were used infrequently. The majority of the subjects were in the "poor health" category and required supervision or care for impaired mobility, one or more physical health problems, and sometimes for mental confusion or disorientation. PMID- 7240618 TI - The masculine gender role and its implications for the life expectancy of older men. AB - The lifespan of men is shorter than that of women. This study is an effort to identify some causal factors. Six dimensions of the masculine gender role examined in relation to certain stress-related disorders more prevalent among older men than among older women. These dimensions are "No Sissy Stuff"; "The Big Wheel"; "The Sturdy Oak"; "Give 'Em Hell"; homophobia; and sexual dysfunctioning. Specific problems of retirement are also discussed. Only in recent years have the roles of men been studied more closely. The results may offer positive implications for the lifespan of men. PMID- 7240621 TI - Detrimental incidents, including falls, in an elderly institutional population. AB - In a Canadian Geriatric hospital, the report forms on the 2,177 untoward incidents occurring during the 1976-78 period were analyzed. The incident and fall rates were respectively 51.1 and 42.7/10,000 patient-days. Falls were the most common incident (82.9 percent). Of the patients who fell, 40.4 percent were over the age of 80 and another 27.5 percent were in the 71-80 age group. The majority fell more than once. Most falls occurred during the waking activity hours, and many were associated with the changing of the position or posture, notably in the course of using a wheelchair. Alcohol was a factor in 4.2 percent of the incidents. Nevertheless, the rate for mortality and serious morbidity were low. Patients' rooms and toilets should receive extra surveillance, and the caretaker staff should exercise special care in the use of wheelchairs and assistive devices. More attention should be given to recording cases of postural hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias or drug side effects. PMID- 7240620 TI - Nosocomial pneumococcal pneumonia in the elderly. AB - Among 35 elderly patients with transtracheal aspirate (TTA)-documented nosocomial pneumonia, 7 (20 percent) had Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Clinical and epidemiologic data are reported on these 7 patients and on 2 others with nosocomial pneumococcal pneumonia documented by bacteremia. Malignancy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most common predisposing illnesses. Four of the 9 patients had previously received antibiotic therapy. Gram-negative aerobic pneumonia was found before (2 cases), concomitant with (3 cases), and after (2 cases) the pneumococcal infection in these patients. PMID- 7240622 TI - Management of incarcerated vaginal pessaries. AB - Uterine procidentia is relatively common among white multiparous women. The incidence increases with age in association with other predisposing factors. Conservative management of uterine prolapse is rare today, perhaps due to definitive results with surgical therapy and the high incidence of earlier hysterectomy. Still, physicians should become familiar with pessary use and its complications. Three conservatively managed cases of pessary incarceration are reported. Applications of estrogen cream improved the condition of the vagina, permitting removal of the incarcerated pessary a few day later. Careful instruction of patients and relatives about follow-up care can prevent such complications. PMID- 7240623 TI - Synchronous dual primary lung carcinomas. AB - Synchronous dual primary lung carcinomas were found in 8 of 482 patients with lung cancer, an incidence of 1.6 percent. Of the 8 cases, 7 were unilateral and one bilateral. Three showed dissimilar histologic patterns occurring in combinations of squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. In 5 cases, two separate tumors were noted with identical histologic patterns in combinations of squamous-cell, giant-cell, large-cell, adeno-. and undifferentiated carcinoma. The patients were heavy smokers and this possibly may have been a factor in the development of carcinoma at more than one site. PMID- 7240624 TI - Euthyroid "thyroxine toxicosis". AB - A survey was made of thyroid function tests on 1,153 patients screened for thyroid disease during a two-year period in a Geriatric Department; 13 percent of the test results fell outside the normal range. Of 88 patients who showed above normal results, only 12 presented with clinical features of thyrotoxicosis. In 37 patients, the biochemical findings indicated euthyroid "thyroxine toxicosis"; high values were found for serum thyroxine (T4) and the free thyroxine index (FT4I) but there were no clinical signs or symptoms of thyrotoxicosis; the values reverted to normal within one to three weeks. This pattern was seen also in 7 examples of T4-treated hypothyroidism. (Overall, the test findings indicated 61 cases of hypothyroidism.) The significance of this transient increase in T4 and FT4I values is discussed. The false positive results suggest that, when laboratory findings are not compatible with the clinical signs, the thyroid function tests should be repeated after another two weeks. PMID- 7240625 TI - Chlorpropamide-induced Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion. AB - The Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) is a rare but serious complication of chlorpropamide therapy. In 2 elderly women who had diabetes mellitus, the SIADH developed two months after the chlorpropamide dosage had been increased to 500 mg daily. The syndrome disappeared after withdrawal of the drug. In one of these patients, re-administration of chlorpropamide resulted in recurrence of the SIADH. A review of the current literature disclosed certain common denominators, i.e., most of the patients are elderly women whose dosage of chlorpropamide was increased shortly before the development of the SIADH. PMID- 7240627 TI - The etiology, clinical features, and treatment of calcaneus deformity. PMID- 7240626 TI - Venous thromboembolic disease. PMID- 7240628 TI - Silicone hinge replacement arthroplasty. PMID- 7240629 TI - Missile injury to the calcaneal apophysis: late sequellae. PMID- 7240630 TI - Neurilemmoma of the foot: a case report. PMID- 7240631 TI - Surgical wound drainage system using silicone tubing. PMID- 7240632 TI - External fixation in the treatment of metatarsal nonunions. PMID- 7240633 TI - Transmetatarsal amputation: a literature review and case presentation. PMID- 7240634 TI - The Arnold-Chiari malformation with an associated pes equinovarus deformity: a historical review and case illustration. PMID- 7240635 TI - Podiatric manifestations of aortoiliac arteriosclerosis obliterans. PMID- 7240636 TI - Diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 7240637 TI - A comparison of Gris-PEG and Fulvicin-U/F in the treatment of tinea pedis. PMID- 7240639 TI - Axial views and angle and base of gait: review of a new technique. PMID- 7240638 TI - Osteoid osteoma of the fourth metatarsal: a case report. PMID- 7240641 TI - Scotch Cast - an improved fiber glass casting material for use in podiatry. PMID- 7240640 TI - Abductor hallucis myocele: a discussion and case presentation. PMID- 7240642 TI - Biomechanics gait evaluation. PMID- 7240643 TI - Kinetics of D-glucose transport into renal membrane vesicles: measurements using a vacuum manifold apparatus. AB - The rapid kinetics of D-glucose uptake into membrane vesicles, prepared from the renal cortex of the rat, were measured. A vacuum manifold apparatus for the filtration of suspensions containing membrane vesicles and radiolabelled sugars was constructed to permit measurements of D-glucose accumulation within the vesicles at 8-s intervals. The rate of Na+-independent accumulation of D-glucose was nearly constant for the first 24 s while the rate for Na+-dependent uptake was always changing. While a linear relationship between Na+-dependent D-glucose accumulation and time could not be established for a time period as short as 8 s, the time for half maximum Na+-dependent D-glucose uptake could be estimated. A value of 4 s for half maximum accumulation D-glucose into membrane vesicles in the presence of sodium was obtained. PMID- 7240644 TI - Human immunoglobulin M purification by affinity chromatography on protein A- Sepharose. AB - A method is described for preparing IgM from normal serum in two chromatographic steps. A gel filtration column gives a macroglobulin peak containing the IgM, purified by affinity chromatography on protein A--Sepharose. Immunoglobulin recovery is around 50%. PMID- 7240645 TI - A proposed method for quantitating the resolving power of rotors for rate-zonal centrifugation. AB - A method is described whereby using computer simulation the resolving power of rotors can be estimated. The method involves calculation of the fractional increase in s at the centre of the gradient using standard conditions. Using this procedure it is possible to calculate and compare the resolving power of all types of rotors including vertical rotors. PMID- 7240646 TI - Measurement of mitochondrial volume independent of refractive index by light scattering. AB - Using latex spheres of accurately determined dimensions, it was found that, although the scattered light intensity at an angle within the forward scattering lobe varies with the refractive index of the medium, the ratio of the scattered light intensity at a pair of angles is independent of the refractive index. This finding is consistent with calculations from the Mie theory by Hodkinson that the shape of the forward scattering lobe depends only on the size of the sphere and is independent of the refractive index of the sphere or of the suspending medium. This method was applied to the measurement of volume changes in mitochondria induced either by suspending the mitochondria in solutions of different osmolality or by addition of ionophores to stimulate ion uptake. The volume changes measured were independent of the refractive index of the suspending medial. It is shown that measuring the ratio of the scattered light intensity at selected pair of angles within the forward scattering lobe is a good method to measure the average size of the mitochondria. PMID- 7240648 TI - Separation of cell subpopulations from embryonic chick neural retina with fluorescence-activated cell sorting. AB - Fluorescence-activated cell analysis and sorting was used to characterize and separate cell subpopulations from the developing chick retina according to size, stage in the cell cycle and location in the tissue. It was shown that uptake of rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC) protein stain, light-scattering at large angles, and the time of flight of cells through the laser beam all correlate with cell size. Vital staining of DNA by H33342 permits cell separation according to phase in the cell cycle (G1, S, G2 + M). Further, a method was developed for separating postmitotic cells, based upon the quenching of H33342 fluorescence by the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) into DNA. Quantitative data reflect the decrease of DNA-synthesizing cells and the increase of postmitotic cells as the development of the retina proceeds. Isolation of cells on the basis of their location in the whole tissue is achieved by exposing the desired surface (e.g. the inner (concave) surface of the retina, which is rich in ganglion cells) to a suspension of Fluorescamine, which stains only cell layers close to the surface. Sorting out the fluorescing cells yields a high proportion of cells with the appearance, size and postmitotic characteristics of ganglion cells. PMID- 7240647 TI - A 13C-NMR study of non-planar distortions in amides. AB - The technique of 13C-NMR spectroscopy of oriented systems to problems of biological importance has been suggested and used to investigate non-planar distortions in substituted amides--models for peptides. The studies in conjunction with the proton magnetic resonance data on 15N [13C]methyl[13C]formamide oriented in a nematic solvent provide all the direct dipolar couplings between the interacting nuclei in the system. When the 13C- and the 1H-NMR experiments are performed under non-identical conditions, 22 different direct dipolar couplings are obtained. It is demonstrated that they can be used to determine unambiguously non-planar distortions around the nitrogen atom together with other geometrical data and the molecular order. PMID- 7240649 TI - A new method for the determination of estrogen-2-hydroxylase activity. AB - A new method is described for determining the activity of a monooxygenase, acting by specific hydroxylation at the 2- position of the aromatic ring of estrogenic compounds with the formation of catechol estrogens. The procedure is based on separation of the catechol estrogen product from the substrate by high performance reversed-phase chromatography with amperometric detection in a thin layer flow-cell by electrooxidation at a graphite-paste anode. Due to the very high detector sensitivity for the enzymatically generated product and an uncomplicated overall performance, the method offers great advantages over the radioenzymatic assay described earlier. PMID- 7240650 TI - A method for the simultaneous determination of total carbohydrate and glycerol in biological samples with the anthrone reagent. AB - A method for quantitative estimation of glycerol and total carbohydrate in biological samples is described. The samples, deproteinized with cold acetone or trichloroacetic acid, were treated in the cold with 10 vols. of 0.75% (w/w) anthrone in 84% (w/w) sulphuric acid, and then heated 10 min at 100 degrees C. Absorbance at 590 nm was used for evaluation of total carbohydrate content in the sample. The absorbance at 510 nm was used for the combined carbohydrate and glycerol estimation. This latter observation leads to the determination of the glycerol content of the sample because the carbohydrate interference is known from the data obtained at 590 nm. Uses of this method to determine glycerol and carbohydrate content in lipids of chicken egg-yolk samples are presented. PMID- 7240651 TI - Colorimetric estimation of phospholipids in aqueous dispersions: addendum. AB - Some improvements in the method for the estimation of phospholipids in aqueous dispersions (Hallen, R.M. (1980) J. Biochem, Biophys, Methods 2, 251--255) are described. Optimal conditions for preparing the molybdenum reagent, the use of solvents other than chloroform, and the possible application of the method for estimation of phospholipids in other systems are reported. PMID- 7240652 TI - Polyribosome analysis on sucrose gradients produced by the freeze-thaw method. AB - Polyribosomes were analyzed on sucrose gradients produced by the freeze-thaw method. When gradients were formed from a starting solution containing 1 mM Mg2+ an anomalous sedimentation pattern was observed although the polyribosomal structure can be maintained at this Mg2+ concentration. The use of starting solutions containing 5--20 mM Mg2+ yielded a satisfactory sedimentation profile of polyribosomes on freeze-thaw produced gradients. PMID- 7240653 TI - [Hypertrophies of pigment epithelium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240654 TI - [Cervico-encephalic vascular ultrasonography Doppler examination and ophthalmoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - 99 non diabetic patients whose ocular examination showed characterized retinal arteriolosclerosis, with or without arterial hypertension, or macular alterations (senile degeneration, non aphakic retinal-vitreous interlayer syndrome, colloid degeneration) have been submitted to an cervico-encephalic vascular ultrasonographic Doppler examination. 25 to 56% revealed latent cerebral arteriopathy sometimes with arterial stenoses, peculiarly carotidal. Other 58, apparently healthy and likewise aged, tested in the same way, revealed only 12% notable arteriopathy. PMID- 7240655 TI - [Focosi's tendon-lengthening technic in blockage syndromes. Mechanism of action and surgical technic]. AB - 114 subjects with esotropia and blockage syndrome were observed. Diagnosis was based upon clinical and EOGraphical data. Tendon lengthening with fascia lata was performed mono or bilaterally on medical recti, with or without associated resection of the external recti. The residual angle of strabismus and the effect on the blockage were measured to evaluate the results. Those seemed to be generally favourable. The AA. discuss upon the action of this kind of surgery on the muscular dynamic. PMID- 7240656 TI - [Iridocycloretraction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240657 TI - [Congenital ocular toxoplasmosis and late recurrences (author's transl)]. AB - Congenital toxoplasmosis is essentially characterized on the ophthalmological point view by a pathognomonic focus of necrotic chorioretinitis in the cicatricial stage and taking the aspect of a rose-window, which is seen in more than 50% of the cases. The late recurrences of this ocular toxoplasmosis are not rare and may be seen in nearly one third of the cases. They may be due to a congenital toxoplasmic cyst, which may exist in a healthy retina in the absence of any old cicatricial focus. PMID- 7240658 TI - [Research in ocular biology. Abstracts]. PMID- 7240659 TI - Implant arthroplasty of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint--a modified technique. AB - The authors report on their experience with the Niebauer-Cutter prosthesis in arthroplasty of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint. Although their experience has been limited to ten patients over a 2 1/2 year period, the authors claim that a smaller size prosthesis can be used because of the non-weightbearing position of the implant. In their experiences, metatarsophalangeal joint alignment was maintained or re-established, relief of pain was obtained, metatarsophalangeal joint stability was established, tissue reactions did not occur, "floating toe" was eliminated and a more acceptable tendon balance was obtained. PMID- 7240660 TI - Fractured fibular sesamoid: a case report. AB - Dr. Glass believes fracture of the fibular sesamoid to be quite uncommon, and he discusses its occurrence in the absence of direct trauma to the foot. A fractured sesamoid may be distinguished from a bipartite or tripartite sesamoid by the absence or presence of pain, which occurs with a fractured sesamoid but not with a bipartite or tripartite sesamoid. The appearance of the line of division and the absence or presence of a periosteal reaction are also helpful in diagnosis. PMID- 7240662 TI - Plantar basal cell carcinoma: a case report. AB - Basal cell carcinoma, the most common type of skin cancer, is usually found in Caucasians between 50 and 70 years of age who are frequently exposed to sunlight or x-irradiation. They are rarely found in blacks and are seldom seen on the palmar or plantar surfaces. Dr. Galinski reports on a black male with a basal cell carcinoma on the planter surface of his right foot. Squamous cell carcinoma, keratoacanthoma, seborrheic keratosis, and sebaceous hyperplasia resemble basal cell carcinoma and must be considered in a differential diagnosis. Unlike most tumors, basal cell carcinomas spread by direct extension. PMID- 7240661 TI - Office and hospital post-surgical infection: a survey. PMID- 7240663 TI - The value of H. L. A. in podiatric diagnosis. PMID- 7240664 TI - Modification of the flexor tendon transfer procedure for the correction of flexible hammertoes. PMID- 7240665 TI - Modification of the Lindholm procedure for plastic repair of ruptured Achilles tendon: a case report. AB - Rupture of the Achilles tendon is difficult to diagnose because the pain is often minimal. X-rays may be helpful in diagnosis, and the authors discuss clinical signs that aid the practitioner in making a positive diagnosis. Lindholm modified the Silverskold method of repair, and Drs. Kirschenbaum and Kelman have modified the Lindholm method by using flaps that are not full thickness. Their method reinforces the torn tendon and maintains a good gliding mechanism. PMID- 7240666 TI - Treatment of pes cavus in a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. PMID- 7240667 TI - The effect of 131I for diagnostic purposes on serum thyroglobulin (hTg) levels in subjects with thyroidal disorders. AB - The concentration of serum thyroglobulin was measured in sera of subjects with various thyroid disorders, before and after the administration of tracer doses of 131I. The mean serum human thyroglobulin (hTg) concentration before administration of the isotope was 35.2 ng/ml +/- 7.8 (SE) in 13 subjects and 36.3 ng/ml +/- 7.9 (SE) 24 h after the administration of 131I. The data indicate that no significant release of thyroglobulin occurs 24 h after the administration of tracer doses of 131I. In 2 of the 3 subjects, however, in whom samples were obtained at 4 and 8 h after diagnostic administration of 131I, a modest rise in serum Tg levels was observed. Determinations of serum thyroglobulin levels within 24 h after the administration of a tracer dose of 131I are nevertheless valid providing one allows sufficient time to elapse for tracer decay. PMID- 7240668 TI - Inhibition of cimetidine-induced hyperprolactinemia by pretreatment with metergoline. PMID- 7240670 TI - Effects of starvation on pituitary and plasma growth hormone in rats. AB - The present experiments were undertaken to study the effect of complete food removal on body weight, pituitary growth hormone (GH), plasma GH and glucose concentration in male and female Wistar rats. Plasma and pituitary GH levels were measured by means of a specific radioimmunoassay. Plasma glucose concentration decrease during the initial 60 h fasting in males and 72 h in females, and remained fairly constant thereafter in both groups. Pituitary GH content was unchanged in males and females by 36 h and 60 h, respectively, after the onset of starvation. Thereafter, pituitary GH decreased progressively with increase of the starvation period. In spite of the changes in pituitary GH, plasma GH concentration in fasted male and female rats was similar to or higher than in controls. In fact, during an initial period, up to 72 h in males and 96 h in females, plasma GH levels in fasting rats were similar to control values. With longer starvation periods, plasma GH concentration rose above control values. After 24 h of refeeding 102 h fasted rats, plasma GH concentrations were comparable to control levels. In addition, after an initial loss of 10 g after 24 h fasting, body weight of both male and female animals decreased, and by the end of the starvation period it was about 50% of control weight. From these results it seems that complete food removal has a direct effect on pituitary GH. Furthermore, the fact that changes in plasma GH concentrations were evidentiated just before the period when plasma glucose was maintained at constant levels in fasted rats of both sexes supports the hypothesis that growth hormone plays a physiological role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis during starvation. PMID- 7240669 TI - A possible role of endogenous opioids in the control of prolactin and luteinizing hormone secretion in the human. AB - We investigated the participation by endogenous opioid peptides in the control of prolactin and gonadotropin secretion in 5 normal men and 6 normal women, and in 4 men and 5 women with persisting hyperprolactinemia following transsphenoidal pituitary microsurgery for prolactinomas. Iv administration of the specific opiate-receptor antagonist, naloxone hydrochloride (0.2 mg/kg bolus), failed to affect serially sampled serum prolactin levels in normal male or female subjects. With prolactinoma patients, naloxone suppressed hyperprolactinemia to 37% and 32% of mean control values in 2 of 4 males, but in none of 6 females. When luteinizing hormone was serially sampled under the same conditions, 5 of 5 normal males (but no female, normal or abnormal) demonstrated a monophasic increase in serum LH concentrations after injection of the antagonist. The LH peak was 55 +/- 4% above basal levels (p less than 0.01). In contrast to normal men, only one of 4 hyperprolactinemic male patients manifested a stimulatory response of LH to naloxone. Among all 20 subjects, none exhibited a change in FSH levels acutely after naloxone. These data suggest that: i) naloxone will not fulfill its postulated role as an ideal therapy of hyperprolactinemia and hypogonadotropism, at least in women; ii) endogenous opioids may participate in the neuroendocrine regulation of LH secretion in the normal human, iii) male-female differences may modify the role of endogenous opioids; and iv) some male patients with hyperprolactinemia exhibit defective opioid-related neuroregulation of LH secretion. PMID- 7240671 TI - Twenty-four hour profile of integrated TSH concentration in puberty. AB - The 24-h pattern of integrated serum TSH concentrations has been investigated in 12 healthy adult males and 14 pubertal boys by means of continuous blood flow sampling. For every subject the integrated values and the mean concentrations, corresponding to the entire 24 hours, to the daytime (08:00-20:00) and to the nighttime (20:00-08:00) were calculated. A circadian rhythmicity has been shown in boys, as well as in adults. The mean TSH concentrations were significantly higher in boys with respect to adults. The nyctohemeral maximum was mostly recorded in pubertal boys after sleep and in adults before the onset of sleep. Mean and integrated concentrations corresponding to the nighttime period were significantly higher than those corresponding to the daytime in both groups. In conclusion, the 24-h TSH secretion seems different in boys with respect to adults both in the increased concentrations and in the time (generally after the onset of sleep) of the maximum. PMID- 7240672 TI - Lipid transport in the hypothyroid rat as reflected by the serum concentrations of free fatty acids, lipoproteins, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue. AB - An experimental model was explored for the study of the effect of thyroid hormone on lipid transport and metabolism in the rat. The development of the hypothyroid state was accompanied by an early decrease in free fatty acids (FFA) followed by an increase in the level of cholesterol and a decrease in triglyceride concentration. Simultaneously, the adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity increased while the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase was unchanged. The hypothyroid state was also accompanied by a decrease in the concentrations of tryglycerides and cholesterol in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) while the 2 lipids increased in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction. Administration of triiodothyronine markedly reduced the amount of cholesterol in both the LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions. The animal model has been shown to have similarities with findings in human subjects. PMID- 7240673 TI - Effects of ketoprofen on the calciuric and uricosuric activities of calcitonin in man. AB - The action of ketoprofen on the calciuric and uricosuric effects of porcine calcitonin in man is reported. The drug is capable of inhibiting both effects. This action is considered like an effect on CT receptors in the kidney or a competitive action on prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7240674 TI - Partial remission of hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea after bromocriptine-induced pregnancy. AB - Clinical and/or biological improvement has been observed in 7 out of 17 patients with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea followed for 6-15 months after the successful outcome of bromocriptine (Parlodel, Sandoz)- induced pregnancy. The ovulatory cycle was resumed in 2 out of these 7 patients (with subsequent spontaneous conception in 1); in 3 others the medroxyprogesterone acetate test became positive. In all cases, post-partum prolactin values were considerably reduced. The possible causes of this improvement are discussed, examining the present data and those in the literature. Regressive lesions, due for example to vascularization defects or hemorrhage occurring in the prolactin-secreting tissue, as a result of the hyperplastic stimulus of estrogens during pregnancy, are suggested as a possible explanation. PMID- 7240675 TI - Changes in serum prolactin following binding and constant light exposure. AB - The effects of blinding and constant light exposure for 5 weeks on serum concentrations of prolactin were studied in male rats. Neither treatment had any effect on body, pineal, pituitary, testis, or seminal vesicle weights. Serum prolactin was not significantly altered by constant light exposure, but was significantly elevated by blinding. These data provide further support that prolactin secretion is elevated by blinding. It is suggested that prolactin may be partially responsible for the lack of significant gonadal atrophy following blinding in male rats. PMID- 7240676 TI - Relative tension and potential excursion of muscles in the forearm and hand. AB - Muscle strength varies enormously from person to person and even from time to time, but the ratio of strength from muscle within the same limb varies much less. The mass or volume of a muscle is proportional to its work capacity, and the fiber length of a muscle is proportional to its potential excursion. By dividing the fiber length into the volume of each muscle, the cross-sectional area of the muscle was determined, and a list of relative tension capacities of forearm and hand muscles was prepared. Although based on a small number of specimens, this list has the first data on forearm and hand muscles which should be of practical use in planning the operation of tendon transfer. PMID- 7240678 TI - Anomalous insertion of the flexor pollicis longus. PMID- 7240679 TI - Traumatic avascular necrosis of the capitate bone-case report. PMID- 7240677 TI - Traumatic entrapment of the extensor pollicis longus tendon in Smith's fracture of the radius-case report. PMID- 7240680 TI - Mucormycosis infection of an upper extremity. PMID- 7240682 TI - Ulnar compression neuropathy due to an anomalous abductor digiti minimi-clinical and anatomic study. PMID- 7240683 TI - Thumb-to-thumb transfer following severe electrical burns to both hands. PMID- 7240684 TI - Use of an intramedullary bone peg in digital replantations, revascularization, and toe-transfers. PMID- 7240681 TI - Irreducible distal radioulnar joint occurring in a Galeazzi fracture - case report. AB - This is a report of an irreducible distal radioulnar joint associated with a Galeazzi fracture. The irreducible dislocation of the radioulnar joint was not appreciated until 2 weeks following compression plating of the radius fracture. The extensor carpi ulnaris was found to be wrapped anteriorly about the ulnar border of the distal ulna and was trapped in this position by the displaced ulnar styloid. The patient was successfully treated with open reduction of the styloid fracture and temporary wire fixation. PMID- 7240685 TI - The antireflux mechanism. PMID- 7240686 TI - Drug-induced esophagitis. AB - We report two patients with quinidine-induced esophagitis along with a review which reveals drug-induced esophagitis to be uncommon. Certain drugs implicated time and again include tetracycline, doxycycline KCl, quinidine, clindamycin, and a British drug, emepronium. Other drugs are mentioned in isolated case reports. Most patients have a benign course, responding well to antacids and discontinuation of the responsible medication, with the exception of KCl-induced injury, which may be fatal. Taking medication with a drink of water and avoiding medications just before retiring may help prevent drug-induced esophagitis. PMID- 7240687 TI - Therapy of esophageal stricture: a review of 84 patients. AB - The course of patients with stricture of the esophagus is variable. Operation is effective, but preoperative trials of dilatation are often inadequate. We reviewed the records of 84 patients with esophageal stricture of various causes of assess efficacy of operative and nonoperative management. Sixty-five percent of patients were successfully treated with serial bouginage alone and 35% required operation, with an overall mean follow-up of 59.6 months. Sixty-eight percent of 37 patients with reflux-induced stricture were successfully treated with bouginage, whereas 32% required operation. Eighty-five percent of patients with stricture from nasogastric tubes of esophageal surgery wre successfully treated with dilatation, but 67% of those with corrosive stricture needed operation. Although surgical therapy is effective and generally safe on the management of esophageal stricture, we estimate that two-thirds of patients with stricture can be treated satisfactorily with nonoperative dilatation. Bouginage should be tried as the initial therapy in patients with reflux-induced, postoperative, or tube-related stricture of the esophagus. PMID- 7240688 TI - Analytical studies on growth of human gastric cancer. AB - Doubling times of early and advanced gastric cancers were determined on serial double-contrast roentgenographs, and those of tumor metastatic to the abdominal wall from the stomach were calculated from direct measurement. Doubling times of early gastric cancer ranged from 577 to 3462 days, while advanced gastric cancer had doubling times from 69 to 305 days. Doubling times of tumors metastatic to the abdominal wall were shorter, that is, from 17.7 to 60.2 days. The difference of growth rates in these three situations may result from differences in cell loss in each case. Equally important, the peptic ulceration which accompanies early gastric cancer seemed to have a dual significance; that is, in many cases of early gastric cancer it had an important role as a factor in cell loss, but in some cases it was likely to accelerate to a deeper cancerous invasion. From the retrospective or prospective follow-up study, early gastric cancer, type IIb, was likely to show abnormal redness or discoloration on the mucosal surface, which could be more easily recognized at endoscopy with the dye-spraying method. PMID- 7240689 TI - Bile emboli: a complication of PTD. AB - Bile emboli in the kidneys and lungs were present at autopsy in a patient who had undergone percutaneous trans-hepatic drainage for pancreatic carcinoma obstructing the common bile duct. The patient also developed hemobilia and bile peritonitis. PMID- 7240690 TI - Duodenal polyps: diagnosis and management. AB - Forty-five polyps were encountered at duodenoscopy between 1973 and 1978. Upper gastrointestinal x-rays were helpful in 25 patients, 13 of whom had duodenal polyps and 12 duodenal deformity or mass lesions. Polyps in 23 patients were larger than 1 cm in size. Biopsies were done in 38 patients; in 19 there was only normal duodenal mucosa or chronic inflammation. Eight adenomatous polyps, six villous adenomas, two Brunner's gland hyperplasia, two lipomas, and one carcinoid tumor were found. Surgery was performed in eight patients and endoscopic polypectomy in four. We conclude that 1) small duodenal polyps are frequently missed on upper gastrointestinal x-rays, but these are submucosal polyps of little significance; 2) in general, polyps cannot be differentiated endoscopically into tissue categories, but villous adenomas show some characteristic features which allow a dependable endoscopic diagnosis; 3) a villous adenoma warrants excision because of the high incidence of malignancy; and 4) pedunculated duodenal polyps can be removed safely with endoscopic snare excision. PMID- 7240691 TI - Campylobacter enterocolitis. AB - We report four patients with bloody diarrhea and colitis from Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni. Two patients had dogs with Campylobacter fetus in their stools. All patients responded rapidly and completely to erythromycin therapy. Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni is now a relatively common cause of enterocolitis, more common than salmonella or shigella. When the organism causes short-lived water diarrhea, a definitive diagnosis is not necessary. In a patient with bloody diarrhea and acute colitis, the clinician should pursue Campylobacter fetus as a potential offender, recognizing that acute colitis from Campylobacter fetus is clinically and and pathologically indistinguishable from any other acute colitis. PMID- 7240692 TI - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - We review the clinical and pathologic features of 39 cases of nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver and include two new cases. This is an uncommon but distinct pathological entity characterized by regenerative hepatocytic nodules without fibrosis. Portal hypertension that often leads to hemorrhage from esophageal varices is the most important clinical manifestation. Characteristically, manifestations of hepatic failure are lacking, but a number of patients have elevated alkaline phosphatase of hepatic origin. Felty's syndrome is the entity most often associated with nodular regenerative hyperplasia. Anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia are frequent hematologic abnormalities secondary to hypersplenism. The etiology and pathogenesis of nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver are unknown. PMID- 7240693 TI - Pancreatitis in patients with Reye's syndrome. AB - Three patients who died of a Reye's syndrome had biochemical or pathological evidence of pancreatitis. None of the 38 survivors had clinical or biochemical evidence of pancreatic dysfunction. The use of hypertonic glucose solutions and exogenous insulin may reverse the metabolic abnormalities seen in Reye's syndrome and may spare the pancreas, thereby preventing the development of pancreatitis. In addition, serum calcium and glucose concentrations appear to correlate with pancreatic function and may be of value in detecting the occurrence of pancreatitis. It is our impression that the development of pancreatitis protends a poor prognosis in patients with Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7240694 TI - Carcinoma of the esophagus associated with Fanconi's anemia. AB - Fanconi's anemia, an inherited disorder characterized by bone marrow aplasia, peripheral pancytopenia, and multiple congenital defects, has a association with certain types of malignancies. These include acute myelomonocytic leukemia, benign and malignant liver tumors, and squamous carcinomas of various organs. We report a patient with esophageal carcinoma complicating Fanconi's anemia, summarize the various tumors associated to date with the syndrome, and discuss possible mechanisms of malignant transformation. This high incidence of malignancy must be appreciated for early diagnosis and appropriate therapy. PMID- 7240695 TI - Achalasia and Hodgkin's disease: a chance association? AB - We report a patient with a case of Hodgkin's disease, stage IIB, presenting as achalasia. Not only did careful evaluation fail to reveal tumor involvement of the esophagus, but therapy of the Hodgkin's disease failed to improve and, in fact, worsened the dysphagia. Pneumatic dilatation was required after completion of radiation therapy. We still need to evaluate dysphagia in patients with lymphoma by standard means, despite reports of "secondary" achalasia. PMID- 7240696 TI - An unusual case of localized multiple peptic ulcer of the gastric fundus producing a large exophytic fibrous pseudotumor. AB - We report an unusual case of fundic ulcer of the stomach, suspected radiologically of being an intramural malignant tumor. Grossly the lesion was a protruding large fibrous pseudotumor, reminiscent of fibromatosis or of a granuloma with secondary ulceration. Microscopical examination revealed that it was an unusually voluminous fibrosis produced in the base of long-standing multiple peptic ulcers in a limited area of the gastric fundus. The fundic gland area is a rare site of peptic ulceration, and the occurrence of such an exophytic tumor-forming type of peptic ulcer in this area even rarer, only one relevant case having been reported before. PMID- 7240697 TI - Unusual periduodenal fistulas in peptic ulcer disease. AB - I recognized fistulas between the stomach and descending duodenum and between the duodenal bulb and descending duodenum in three patients by upper gastrointestinal study. The many recent papers on the "double pylorus" together with these three previously unreported examples suggest that periduodenal fistulas are not infrequent complications of peptic ulcer disease. Crohn's disease is unlikely without appropriate history and other radiologic evidence. Congenital duplication is usually noncommunicating and most often occurs at the mid portion of the stomach's greater curvature. Awareness of variety of these fistulas and special effort to demonstrate their presence should help interpretation during endoscopy and radiologic examination. PMID- 7240698 TI - Cecal herniation into the lesser sac: double-contrast study of one case. AB - In a 45-year-old woman with abdominal pain and vomiting, plain films and barium studies showed a gas and fluid collection displacing the stomach anteriorly and to the left, and outlined by haustral folds. These signs were suggestive of cecal herniation through the epiploic foramen and eliminated the possibility of a lesser sac abscess. The diagnosis was confirmed by a double-contrast barium enema. Symptoms spontaneously resolved, and 4 years later, the patient was in good health, and without abdominal complaint. PMID- 7240699 TI - Should I believe the results of this clinical trial. PMID- 7240701 TI - Endoscopy and ethics. PMID- 7240700 TI - Pancreatitis in Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7240702 TI - A suggestion for improving the behavioral model of physician utilization. PMID- 7240703 TI - Communication of affect between patient and physician. PMID- 7240704 TI - Organization effects on client satisfaction with humaneness of service. PMID- 7240705 TI - Nurse practitioners: issues in professional socialization. PMID- 7240706 TI - Sex differences in psychiatric help-seeking: evidence from four large-scale surveys. PMID- 7240707 TI - Attitudinal and situational factors in the use of physician services by low income persons. PMID- 7240709 TI - Measuring functional ability and chronic health conditions among the elderly: a research note on the adequacy of three instruments. PMID- 7240708 TI - Access to medical care among the Hispanic population of the southwestern United States. PMID- 7240710 TI - Health consequences of marital-status change among the elderly: a comparison of cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. PMID- 7240711 TI - Research on the health effects of retirement: an uncertain legacy. PMID- 7240712 TI - Sex differences in the mental health effects of spouse support and equity. PMID- 7240713 TI - Economic, life, and symptom changes in a nonmetropolitan community. PMID- 7240714 TI - Occupational stress and variation in cigarette, coffee, and alcohol consumption. PMID- 7240715 TI - Health beliefs, social networks, and tranquilizer use. PMID- 7240716 TI - Sex differences in reports of illness and disability: a preliminary test of the "fixed role obligations" hypothesis. PMID- 7240718 TI - Interaction between social variables in stress research. PMID- 7240717 TI - The effect of interviewer characteristics on responses to a mental health interview. PMID- 7240719 TI - Autoradiography of phosphatidyl choline. AB - Saturated choline phosphatides are extracted during conventional tissue processing for electron microscopy. To facilitate autoradiographic subcellular localization of arrhythmogenic myocardial phospholipids, we evaluated tissue processing procedures for preservation of saturated phosphatidyl choline (PC). Suspensions, of a murine plasmacytoma were incubated with negative, unilamellar liposomes containing 14C-choline-labeled PC or 14C-1-palmitate dipalmitoyl PC. Extraction of radioactivity was monitored at each processing step by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Conventional fixation with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide followed by acetone dehydration and Spurr's plastic embedding led to extraction of nearly all radioactivity. However, treatment of cells with 1.5% tannic acid after glutaraldehyde but before osmium tetroxide fixation preserved 93.1 +/- .6% of 14C-choline-labeled PC. Virtually identical results were obtained with dipalmitoyl PC. Autoradiography demonstrated no significant translocation of labeled PC from plasmacytoma cells to unlabeled avian erythrocytes, mixed in equal proportions after fixation but before dehydration and embedding. PMID- 7240720 TI - Localization of DNA phosphorus in Tipula iridescent virus by oxygen plasma microincineration. I. Electron microscopy of ash structures. AB - Tipula iridescent virus (TIV) is a relatively large particle containing about 15% DNA. As shown elsewhere by X-ray microanalysis (Thomas RS, Corlett M: J Histochem Cytochem 29:394, 1981), low-temperature oxygen plasma microincineration of the virus produces a stable phosphorus oxide ash representing this DNA nearly quantitatively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of entire particles after plasma incineration shows the ash confined to the viral cores, confirming the previously known general location of the nucleic acid. Examination of ultrathin sectioned virus crystals after plasma etching or ashing shows, on a still finer scale, that the DNA is probably confined to a shell structure within the core. A fine trace of ash from the capsid, seen in some preparations, may represent a phospholipid internal membrane known to be present. The possibilities of ash pattern artifacts are discussed. Heating experiments show that the ash patterns (and native virus particles) evaporate completely at high temperature, consistent with their presumed polyphosphoric acid composition. A heat-stable ash could be formed, however, when the viral DNA became accidentally stained with iron from the steel TEM grids used--a noteworthy artifact. The present work suggests some future possibilities of the plasma microincineration technique. In particular, the ability to see directly the fine distribution of mineral concentrations in ash patterns with the full resolution of TEM should be a powerful adjunct to increase effectively the sensitivity and resolution of X-ray microanalysis of mineral constituents in biological specimens. PMID- 7240721 TI - Localization of DNA phosphorus in Tipula iridescent virus by oxygen plasma microincineration. II. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis of ash constituents. AB - Microincinerated, 1-micrometer sections of Tipula iridescent virus (TIV) crystals were analyzed quantitatively with a wave-length-dispersive electron microprobe to determine the chemical composition of high-resolution ash patterns previously obtained from ultrathin sections of the same specimen (Thomas RS: J Histochem Cytochem 29:379, 1981). Parallel analyses were performed on intact sections. In some cases, the same section and probe tracks were analyzed both before and after ashing. The principal elemental constituent of the ash was phosphorus, representing nearly all of the phosphorus found in the unashed sections. This confirmed the likely DNA origin of most of the ash. Other elements--sulfur, calcium, sodium, and perhaps carbon and nitrogen--found in relatively small concentrations in the ash, were partly due to either to incomplete ashing or to a particulate contaminant. Similar plasma ashing and analyses of sectioned model preparations of polymethacrylate containing dissolved triphenyl phosphate confirmed that phosphorus, by itself, could be retained as a stable ash. Analyses of polymethacrylate containing aluminum as well as phosphorus disclosed an unexpected artifact--aluminum inhibited the plasma ashing. These results suggested that the wavelength-dispersive probe, able to analyze for carbon and nitrogen as well as mineral elements, should be a generally useful tool in analyzing plasma microincineration phenomena, where macroscopic results do not apply. Relatively high beam intensity used throughout the probe analyses caused obvious damage to intact sections, particularly when they were mounted on thin film supports. In contrast, the ash appeared quite stable. This suggested that plasma ashing of biological sections, converting them into mineralogical specimens, may be generally useful in probe analyses of mineral constituents, permitting greater sensitivity via higher beam currents, higher mineral concentrations, and lower backgrounds. PMID- 7240723 TI - [Prenatal development and postnatal changes in the guinea pig cortex: microscopic evaluation of a natural deprivation experiment. II. Postnatal changes]. AB - In order to approach the question of how the brain is moulded by environmental stimuli, the neocortex of guinea-pigs just before birth was compared to that of adult animals. In part I of this work we have already seen that the majority of synapses and dendritic spines is already developed before birth in this animal. The investigation was made in precallosal and postcallosal cortex. The samples for electronmicroscopy were taken from the second layer. After birth the following changes have been observed in these areas of the guinea-pig cortex: 1. A slight increase in the thickness of dendrites and dendritic spines (fig. 4). (A changes in the distribution of spines along the dendrite could not be observed; fig. 5). 2. An increase in the number of myelinated fibers, especially in the first layer (fig. 16). 3. An increase in the diameter of the individual synaptic contact area by an average of 10% (fig. 6) which is, however, only significant in the precallosal area. The frequency distribution of synaptic size was similar in prenatal and adult guinea-pigs (fig. 7). 4. A significant increase in the relative number of synapses with postsynaptic perforations (fig. 1c) from 6% to 10% of all synapses. An increase in the thickness of the postsynaptic thickening of asymmetric synapses (fig. 15). PMID- 7240722 TI - Biochemical and immunological studies of lysosomal and related proteinases in health and disease. AB - A review of continuing studies on the physiological and pathological roles of the lysosomal proteinases, cathepsin D and cathepsin B is presented. Intracellular release of cathepsin D from lysosomes has been demonstrated during myocardial ischemia. Both this proteinase and cathepsin B have been found, by organ culture in the presence of the appropriate antiserum, to be released into the extracellular space in rheumatoid synovium, where they may play a part in cartilage destruction. Also reviewed is the finding of a cathepsin B-like proteinase that, in organ culture, is secreted in markedly increased amounts from human malignant breast carcinomas in comparison to amounts secreted from benign tumors or normal tissue. PMID- 7240724 TI - The organization of intraamygdaloid connections; an HRP study. AB - The localization of neurons from which the projections to other amygdaloid nuclei arise was studied using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. It was found that the basal nuclei (dorsal and ventral) appear to be the main source of intraamygdaloid connections; they project to the central, medial and lateral nucleus of the amygdala. The medial and the central nucleus receive the most intraamygdaloid connections: the medial--from the basal dorsal, basal ventral, posterior part of the cortical nucleus and from the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract; the central nucleus--from the basal (dorsal and ventral) nuclei and from the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. The afferent intraamygdaloid connections of the cortical and lateral nucleus were also found. These results are discussed with reference to the physiological differentiation and hypothalamic afferents of the amygdaloid body. PMID- 7240725 TI - The reticulo-raphe connection. An experimental study using the method of antegrade degeneration and the method of retrograde horseradish peroxidase transport tracing in the rat. AB - The method of antegrade degeneration (23 rats) and the method of retrograde HRP transport tracing (7) rats were used for a study of the reticulo-raphe connection. Electrolytic lesions were induced using the stereotactic technique (DC 0.1 mA, 5-10 mV, 5-10 secs). A Hamilton syringe was used for the HRP injections (0.1 microml 30% HRP, Sigma VI, for 45 mins). Literary data so far known were corroborated, and new information was added concerning projections to the raphe nuclei and the discovery of a reticulo-raphe projection coming also from the nuclei of the oblongata. The whole reticulo-raphe connection was found to be organized in the descending direction. The medial reticular formation nuclei were seen projecting to all the raphe nuclei at the corresponding level, and to all the more caudalward localized raphe nuclei. A very low intensity projection from the lateral reticular formation nuclei to the raphe system was found. The retrograde method showed mainly medium sized reticular neurones to be involved in the reticulo-raphe connection. Large and giant neurones were never found labeled in the experiments. The medial reticular formation neurones were always labeled less intensively compared with the intensity of the benzidine reaction in the neurones of the raphe system nuclei (mainly the ncl. raphealis dorsalis and ncl. linearis caudalis). PMID- 7240726 TI - [The cytoarchitecture of the rat globus pallidus]. AB - The globus pallidus of the adult rat was investigated by means of the Golgi-rapid impregnation technique. The cellular population of the globus pallidus is composed of 4 morphologically different neuron types: 1. Large-sized, spindle shaped neurons; 2. Large-sized, polygonal neurons; 3. Small spindle-shaped neurons; 4. Small spine-bearing neurons. The large spindle-shaped neurons and the large polygonal neurons are considered to be efferent pallidal neurons; the small spindle-shaped neurons and the small spiny neurons are suggested to be pallidal interneurons. It is possible to adapt the neuron classification presented here to recent imaginations concerning the role of the globus pallidus within the extrapyramidal system. PMID- 7240727 TI - The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of Tupaia glis: a Golgi, Nissl and acetylcholinesterase study. AB - Morphology of neurons and afferent axons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the tree shrew (Tupaia glis) was studied using Golgi-Kopsch impregnated and Nissl stained material. Staining of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) could inform about the distribution of this enzyme in the tree shrew's dLGN. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. Two classes of neurons can be identified: class-I neurons and class-II-neurons. Class-I-neurons correspond to geniculo-cortical relay neurons (GCR-neurons) and class-II-neurons correspond to local interneurons (I-neurons). 2. Class-I-neurons differ in their morphology depending on their laminar position. Tufted neurons with clusters of grape-like appendages in their branching zones resembling X-cells in the cat's dLGN are localized in the external laminae 5 and 4. In the superficial lamina 6 the dendrite domains of GCR neurons are flattened and elongated. Dendrites seem not to penetrate laminar borders. The cells in layer 3 have the smallest soma and radiate dendrites. There is some evidence that GCR-neurons in this lamina represent W-cells (Carey et al., 1979). GCR-neurons in laminae 2 and 1 (innermost laminae) have the biggest somata. Their dendritic branching patterns make it difficult to classify the cells into tufted or radiate. Branching zones are rather smooth. These cells seem to be good candidates for Y-cells. 3. I-neurons could be identified in all laminae. Their dendrites preferentially take a dorso-ventral course. Only axon initial segments of these neurons were visible in Golgi preparations. 4. GCR neurons and I-neurons could also be identified in Nissl preparations. The ratio GCR-neurons: I-neurons is about 10:1, i.e. 10% of all neurons are I-neurons. 5. In Golgi preparations some types of axons were impregnated. Type-1-axons resemble cortical afferents of other mammalian species. Type-2-axons (2a, 2b, 2c) do not leave single laminae in our material. Considering branching characteristics of their terminal zones, this finding could be a reference for their retinal origin. 6. Laminae 5, 4, 2, and 1 have a remarkable higher content of AChe than the laminae 6 and 3. The low level of ACHE in lamina 3 of the tree shrew's dLGN corresponds to the less activity of ACHE in the laminae 4 and 5 of Galago senegalensis (Fitzpatrick and Diamond, 1979), which like lamina 3 in Tupaia's dLGN project to layer I of the visual cortex (Carey et al., 1979). PMID- 7240728 TI - [Spiny neurons in the rat caudate-putamen complex]. AB - The neostriatum of adult normal rats and of rats after surgical lesion of MFB was investigated by means of the rapid Golgi impregnation procedure. Evidence was given for the spiny neuron population to be heterogenous. It was possible to demonstrate four neuron types clearly distinguishable with respect to size and shape of the soma, dendritic pattern, and axon morphology. The morphological heterogeneity of the spiny neurons of the caudatus-putamen-complex of the rat presented here is discussed in functional terms (interneuron and efferent neuron nature, resp.). PMID- 7240729 TI - Non-pyramidal neurons in the medical bank (Clare-Bishop area) of the middle suprasylvian sulcus. A Golgi study in the cat. AB - The morphology and laminar distribution of non-pyramidal cells in the medial wall (the Clare-Bishop area) of the cat middle suprasylvian sulcus were studied with the rapid Golgi and Golgi-Kopsch methods. The cells are classified into three categories on the basis of their morphological features; in particular, the pattern of axonal ramifications. Class V cells with vertically oriented axonal ramification include three subtypes. Type V-1 cells are found mainly in layer II and in the upper part of layer III and have narrow axonal ramifications, less than 150 micrometer wide. Type V-2 cells are situated almost exclusively in layer III and display a pattern of axonal "cascades", less than 250 micrometer in width. The axon terminals of both of these subtypes may potentially end on apical dendrites of pyramidal cells, and both subtypes have sparsely spinous dendrites. Type V-3 cells with spinous dendrites are characterized by narrow, recurrent axonal ramifications, located mainly in layer IV. Class H cells, composed of four cell types, have horizontally oriented axons. Type H-1 cells with spine-free dendrites are situated in layers III-VI and have widely distributed axons. Type H 2 cells cells with spinous dendrites also have long axonal branches; these are distributed in all layers, but the somata are found mainly in the deeper part of layer III and layer IV. Type H-3 cells with spine-free dendrites inhabit layers I and II, and have axons mainly confined to layer II. The axons of these types (H 1, H-2 and H-3) may potentially contact somata and proximal dendrites of pyramidal cells. Type HV cells with spinous dendrites are observed chiefly in layers I and II and have axons that extend for as much as 300-400 micrometer and apparently terminate on apica dendrites of pyramidal cells. Class L cells, composed of two cell types, are characterized by a local axonal ramification less than 200 micrometer in diameter which also is likely to terminate on pyramidal cells. Type L-1 cells with spine-free dendrites are found through all cortical layers. Type L-2 cells with sparsely spinous dendrites are observed mainly in layer II and the upper part of layer III and have a bush-like axonal ramification. For assistance in the further elucidation of cortical structure at the cellular level in the C-B area, the potential contacts between the pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons, and the relations between the neurons and corticipetal afferents; important components of the columnar and laminar organization of the cortex, are discussed. PMID- 7240730 TI - [Prenatal development and postnatal changes in the guinea pig cortex: microscopic evaluation of a natural deprivation experiment. I. Prenatal development]. AB - The present paper is based on the question, to what extent the cortical structure is determined by genetic factors and how far it is dependent on environmental stimuli. Some deprivation experiment in the literature have supported the assumption tha excitation coming from the sense organs contributes to the formation of synaptic connections in the cortex. This made it possible to invoke the formation of synapses (or dendritic spines) as a substrate of learning processes. Results of experiments on the influence of artificial environments on the formation of synapses have been, however, somewhat contradictory. On this background it was interesting to investigate the cortical development of the guinea-pig, an animal which is highly developed at birth. This percocity separates in time the process of genetically determined development from the changes due to environmental stimuli, which are amply overlapping in altricial animals such as mouse, rat, and cat. A comparison between the cortices of prenatal and adult guinea-pigs showed that the density of dendritic spines has reached adult values already before birth (12/10 micrometers dendritic length before birth, 11,5/10 micrometers in adult animals, fig. 5-8, and 17). The counts have been made on basal dendrites of Golgi-impregnated pyramidal cells in the upper third of the cortex. Also, the difference in the density of synapses on electronmicrographs in animals just before birth (8,9 x 10(8)/mm(3)) and in adult animals (9,4 x 10(8)/mm(3)) was not significant (figs. 13, 14, and 16). The samples have been taken from the second cortical layer. The two areas investigated showed small but significant differences in the time course of spine formation. In both areas the density of spines reached a maximum first and then decreased slightly toward the adult values. However, in the postcallosal area the maximum was reached earlier than in the precallosal area (fig. 9). The decrease in spine density after the maximum, about 18% in both areas, may be partly explained by the growth of dendrites. From the increase in brain volume between birth and adult age and from the density of synapses at different stages, one can conclude that the total number of synapses at birth is about two thirds of that in adult animals. Similarly, the proportion of spines present at birth was at least the same or even higher (fig. 12). Thus, most of the connections in the cortex of the guniea pig are formed without the influence of environmental stimuli. This puts strong doubts on the idea of the formation of synapses or dendritic spines as memory traces. Synapses and spines seem to be the prerequisites of learning rather than the result of it. In part II the question will be examined, if postnatal changes in the cortex of the guinea-pig, especially on spines and synapses, are possible candidates for memory traces. PMID- 7240731 TI - The importance of soap selection for routine hand hygiene in hospital. AB - Five different types of liquid soap were studied in hospital wards, each during two months' use. Altogether 1306 finger print samples were taken from the hands of the staff by sampling twice a week and the acceptability of the soaps was measured by a questionnaire. During the use of different soaps only slight differences were found in the numbers of total bacteria or in the occurrence of Staph. aureus and gram-negative bacilli on the hands. During the use of the emulsion-type product studied, several persons who had dermatological problems had lower mean bacterial counts of the fingers than during the use of the other soaps. This soap was also favourably accepted by the staff. After over one year's use of pine oil soap and alcohol, the staff of the hospital was satisfied with the method. However, several persons with skin problems admitted to not using soap or alcohol. The considerable differences found in the acceptability of soaps imply that for use in hospital the choice of a soap acceptable to the nursing staff is important in promoting proper hand hygiene. PMID- 7240732 TI - Diet and the faecal microflora of infants, children and adults in rural Nigeria and urban U.K. AB - The faecal microflora of breast-fed infants, weaned children and adults has been examined in rural Nigeria and urban U.K. Breast-fed infants had a similar anaerobic flora dominated by bifidobacteria but bacteroides were isolated in less than a quarter of either community. Weaned children in both communities had greater numbers of bacteroides and clostridia than breast-fed infants. Even higher numbers of bacteroides and clostridia were present in U.K. adults but not in Nigerian adults. Numbers of bacteroides and clostridia were greater in a group of Nigerian infants drinking cow's milk than those receiving breast milk alone and lower in a group of weaned children with diarrhoea compared with uninfected subjects. PMID- 7240733 TI - Contamination of chlorhexidine cream used to prevent ascending urinary tract infections. AB - Chlorhexidine-containing cream is often used as an antimicrobial barrier to ascending urinary tract infection in patients with indwelling urethral catheters. The cream is dispensed in small tubes for personal use but repeated use of a tube still entails a potential infection hazard. The extent of cream contamination was analysed by emulsifying it in 1% peptone broth with 1% Tween-80 added as a wetting agent, and culturing quantitatively for bacteria and fungi by membrane filtration. Twenty-three per cent of cream samples and 35% of swabs taken from outside the tube beneath the screw cap demonstrated microbial contamination. Isolates included potential pathogens such as enterococci, staphylococci, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, opportunists like Moraxella spp. and diphtheroids, and contaminants such as Bacillus spp., micrococci, and a mould of the genus Cladosporium. Contamination of cream with a particular bacterial strain was found to precede urinary tract infection with the same microbe. We recommend that chlorhexidine cream for this use be dispensed in single dose units to ensure sterility. PMID- 7240736 TI - Field trials of bromadiolone against infestations of warfarin-resistant Rattus norvegicus. AB - Baiting with 0.005% bromadiolone in medium oatmeal or soaked wheat completely controlled infestations of warfarin-resistant rats on farms when surplus amounts of the poisoned baits were maintained until rats ceased to feed on them. The speed with which control was achieved was the same as with other anticoagulants that have been tested in this way.Poison baiting with 0.005% bromadiolone for only 1, 4 or 7 days achieved respectively about 49, 77 and 81% control of similar farm rat infestations. PMID- 7240735 TI - A two year prospective study of hospital-acquired respiratory virus infection on paediatric wards. AB - Over a 24 month period on six paediatric wards of different designs 169 cases of possible hospital-acquired respiratory virus infection were investigated. A variety of viruses was isolated from 82 cases, the most common being respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, parainfluenza, adenoviruses and rhinoviruses. A further 73 children developed respiratory symptoms between 3 and 300 days after administration but viruses were not demonstrable by the techniques used. These children were thought to have hospital-acquired infection nonetheless. Thirteen children were shown not to have acquired infection as the cause of their intercurrent illness. Most acquired infections occurred where toddlers were in cots in open wards. Children with trauma, including non-accidental injury, congenital malformations, mental retardation, failure to thrive or neoplasia were most likely to become infected. Almost 20% of children suffered from croup or lower respiratory tract illness as a result of their acquired infection. The figure was 41% if those less than 12 months old were considered alone. Most episodes settled quickly but in a few children investigations or surgery were delayed for a few days. PMID- 7240734 TI - The response of the Egyptian spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) and two other species of commensal rodents to anticoagulant rodenticides. AB - The response of Acomys cahirinus to three anticoagulant rodenticides was investigated in the laboratory. In contrast to the other commensal rodents Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus, this species appears to be naturally very resistant to warfarin, difenacoum and brodifacoum. It is considered unlikely that anticoagulant poisons would be effective in the field for the control of A. cahirinus. PMID- 7240737 TI - Observations on the occurrence of Salmonella cholerae-suis and other salmonellas in two herds of feeder pigs. AB - Modified brilliant green agar (BGA), Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate, Rappaport's and selenite F broths were compared for their efficiency in isolating salmonellas from pigs and their excreta. It was concluded that BGA and Rappaport's broth were the media of choice. Where searches were made for Salmonella cholerae-suis alone, the use of a trehalose McConkey agar provided a rapid method of differentiating S. cholerae-suis, which does not ferment trehalose, from the majority of other salmonellas, which do ferment trehalose. Casualties were collected from two farms where infection with S. cholerae-suis was endemic. The isolation rates of S. cholerae-suis from different carcase sites were compared in order to determine the relative importance of the salivary, upper respiratory and faecal routes of excretion. S. cholerae-suis was isolated from numerous carcase sites in carriers including the salivary glands, tonsils, trachea and lungs. However, isolations from the nasal passages, mouth, pharynx and gastro-intestinal tract of carriers were either infrequent or absent. When, in a further study, S. cholerae-suis was isolated from only 3/414 faeces, 1/170 nasal swabs and not at all from 170 oral swabs taken from live pigs, it was concluded that there must be more significant modes of transmission than from the salivary glands, upper respiratory or gastro intestinal tracts. Cannibalism was considered to be a possibility. In contrast to S. cholerae-suis, other salmonellas were frequently isolated from randomly collected faeces and from the gastro-intestinal tract as well as other sites in casualties. PMID- 7240738 TI - In vitro killing of S. mansoni schistosomula by lymphokine-activated mouse macrophages. AB - Inflammatory macrophages from mice i.p. injected with FCS 24-hr before harvesting, activated by partly purified MAF from Con A-stimulated spleen cells, were shown to kill an average of 60.9% (SE +/- 5.3) of the parasites in cultures of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula. On the contrary, resident macrophages were not cytotoxic under the same conditions. The degree of macrophage activation for the killing was dependent upon both lymphokine concentration and time of incubation in lymphokine. The capacity of macrophages to be activated to kill schistosomula as well as the schistosomulicidal activity of the lymphokine activated macrophages were short-lived properties. The killing was strongly influenced by the effector-to-target ratio. The results are consistent with other data on the immune response in experimental infection and particularly the development of the delayed hypersensitivity. Therefore, among the immune mechanisms that participate in immunity to reinfection, cell-mediated immunity that involves inflammatory macrophages should no longer be restricted to microorganisms and protozoans and could be extended to multicellular parasites like schistosomes. PMID- 7240739 TI - Inhibitory effect of K-76 monocarboxylic acid, an anticomplementary agent, on the C3b inactivator system. AB - K-76COOH caused dose-dependent inhibition of the degradation, by C3b inactivator (C3bINA) and beta 1H, of membrane-bound C3b on EAC1-3b and of free C3b in the fluid phase, i.e., cleavage of the C3b alpha' peptide chain. K-76COOH primarily attacked C3bINA but not beta 1H or C3b. K-76COOH inhibited the suppression of immune adherence reactivity and the manifestation of conglutination reactivity of EAC1-3b cells by C3bINA and beta 1H. The drug also inhibited the reaction between conglutinin and EAC1-3b' cells derived from EAC1-3b by treatment with C3bINA and beta 1H. EAC1-3b cells did not form rosettes with either Daudi or Raji lymphoblastoid cells. Treatment with C3bINA and beta 1H rendered EAC1-3b cells reactive with Daudi cells, and this change was inhibited by K-76COOH. EAC1-3b cells became able to form rosettes with Raji cells after addition of beta 1H. This rosette formation was enhanced by further addition of C3bINA, and this enhancement was also suppressed by K-76COOH. PMID- 7240740 TI - Dynamics of antigen and mitogen-induced responses in murine schistosomiasis japonica: in vitro comparison between hepatic granulomas and splenic cells. PMID- 7240741 TI - Macrophage activation for tumor cytotoxicity: characterization of priming and trigger signals during lymphokine activation. PMID- 7240742 TI - The role of transmethylation reactions in regulating the binding of BCG-activated murine macrophages to neoplastic target cells. AB - The ability of BCG-activated macrophages from C57BL/6J mice to lyse neoplastic targets was depressed by inhibitors of methyltransferase reactions (10(-4) M adenosine, 10(-5) M EHNA, and 10(-4) M L-homocysteine or 10(-5) M DZA). Binding of P815 mastocytoma targets to BCG-activated macrophages, which has been shown to be a necessary event in cytolysis of those targets, was also inhibited by adenosine, EHNA, and L-homocysteine or by DZA at the above concentrations. Inhibition of binding was obtained when macrophages were pretreated with the inhibitors, whereas pretreatment of targets with the inhibitors did not alter binding. The inhibitors were not toxic to the macrophages, as judged by morphology and viability of the macrophage cultures as well as by ability of macrophages to bind antibody-coated P815 targets or to secrete plasminogen activator. The inhibitors, at concentrations that inhibited cytolysis and binding, also depressed one type of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-mediated methylation reaction (protein carboxy-O-methylation) in BCG macrophages. The data suggest that transmethylation reactions are essential for the ability of BCG activated murine macrophages to bind and, hence, to destroy P815 tumor cells. PMID- 7240743 TI - Induction of tolerance to topically applied TNCB using TNP-conjugated ultraviolet light-irradiated epidermal cells. PMID- 7240744 TI - Natural killer (NK) cell activity in the rat. I. Isolation and characterization of the effector cells. AB - This study has demonstrated the presence of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) in the rat and implicated a central role for these cells in mediating natural killer (NK) cell activity in this species. The LGL frequency from various organs was shown to be: peripheral blood = lung greater than spleen greater than peritoneal exudate greater than lymph node. Little or no LGL were found in the thymus or bone marrow. This pattern was similar to the distribution of NK activity, except for the lungs, which had no detectable activity. These studies have also shown that discontinuous Percoll density gradients can be used to highly enrich or deplete LGL from both spleen and peripheral blood. Enriched LGL populations were shown to bind selectively to NK-susceptible target cells and to demonstrate very high NK cell cytolysis. Since human NK activity has also been found to be clearly associated with LGL, the present findings indicate that rats may provide a very useful animal model for detailed studies of the ontogeny, regulation, and in vivo relevance of NK cells. PMID- 7240745 TI - Differential anti-inflammatory effects of LPS in susceptible and resistant mouse strains. AB - Most mouse strains are highly susceptible to endotoxin (LPS) lethality and are responsive to LPS stimulation in vitro (e.g., B cell mitogenesis, macrophage activation). They are, however, capable of mounting only a small inflammatory response to LPS when it is injected i.p. The present study demonstrates that LPS is in fact a potent, anti-inflammatory agent in all of the five normally LPS susceptible strains tested. LPS was also anti-inflammatory in F1 hybrid mice from susceptible (C3HeB/FeJ) x-resistant (C3H/HeJ) parents. Anti-inflammatory effects of LPS in susceptible strains were achieved by either i.v. or i.p. treatment and were observed toward a variety of phlogistic stimuli including mitogens, C activating substances, and nonspecific irritants. The most dramatic inhibitory effect of LPS was directed toward the accumulation of inflammatory macrophages. Kinetic studies indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of a single dose of LPS persisted for at least 72 hr but was maximal when LPS was given simultaneously with the inflammatory stimulus. In contrast to normal mice, two mutant, LPS resistant strains (C3H/HeJ and C57BL10/ScCR) responded to increasing doses of LPS i.p. with a progressively increasing influx of inflammatory cells. In addition, in resistant strains, LPS often enhanced and never depressed the inflammatory response to other phlogistic agents. These studies demonstrate that the genetic regulation of the inflammatory responses to LPS also controls the anti-inflammatory effects of LPS. These responses may be another relevant parameter in determining strain susceptibility to LPS lethality. PMID- 7240746 TI - Secretory component-dependent hepatic transport of IgA antibody-antigen complexes. AB - The ability of the liver to transport antigen-antibody complexes containing polymeric IgA was tested in a model system using the isolated perfused rat liver and soluble complexes formed between trinitrophenylated (TNP) antigens and MOPC 315, a polymeric mouse IgA protein with anti-TNP activity. A double-label strategy (125I and 131I) was used to separately follow antigen and antibody during isolation and transport by the isolated perfused liver. Complexes formed in antigen excess and isolated by gel filtration were added to the perfusate. The quantity of antigen or antibody transported was determined by counting the radioactivity in collected bile fractions. TNP-human albumin (TNP-HSA) complexed to polymeric IgA antibody was transported from blood to bile while the same antigen complexed to IgG antibody was not. The transport of IgA-(TNP-HSA) complexes was inhibited by preincubation with human secretory component (SC), which indicated that transport of such complexes proceeds though an SC-dependent mechanism previously described for uncomplexed polymeric IgA antibody. Complexes (m.w. congruent to 970,000) of trinitrophenylated bovine thyroglobulin (TNP-TG) and polymeric IgA were transported less well than IgA-(TNP-HSA) complexes (m.w. less than or equal to 460,000), even though both types of complexes bound SC. The possibility that the poor transport of IgA-(TNP-TG) complexes reflected a size restriction on hepatic transport from blood to bile is discussed. PMID- 7240747 TI - Immunologic studies of chronic relapsing EAE in guinea pigs: similarities to multiple sclerosis. AB - IgG/albumin ratios and presence of oligoclonal bands were studied in neutral pH brain extracts and sera of guinea pigs with chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (R-EAE). The ratios were found to be significantly increased in central nervous system extracts of animals sacrificed during the first relapse and late stages of the disease relative to those of controls and of animals with acute EAE. These results are consistent with an intracerebral synthesis of IgG found in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). When the immunofixation (after isoelectric-focusing) patterns of brain extracts and CSF from R-EAE animals were compared with those of controls, R-EAE animals showed distinct oligoclonal IgG bands in the pH region of 7.0 to 9.3, in contrast to diffuse patterns seen in controls. The finding of oligoclonal IgG in brain extracts of these animals further supports the usefulness of R-EAE as an experimental model for MS. PMID- 7240749 TI - The membrane attack mechanism of complement: photolabeling reveals insertion of terminal proteins into target membrane. AB - We have utilized a membrane-restricted, photoactivable glycolipid probe to investigate the protein-lipid interactions involved in complement (C) mediated lysis of a target membrane. The purified C proteins C5b-6, C7, C8, and C9 were added to artificial membrane vesicles containing the 14C-labeled photoreactive probe anchored in the outer monolayer of the membrane, and 6-carboxyfluorescein trapped in the lumen as an indicator for effective lysis. Irradiation of the membrane samples at different stages of functional complex assembly resulted in labeling of each of the 5 terminal C proteins, indicating that all 5 proteins become inserted into the hydrophobic milieu of the membrane during some stage of complex assembly. However, at the final stage of complex assembly, only C9 appeared to be labeled. Because we can demonstrate that the photoreactive probe has no strong affinity for C9 over the other terminal components (C5b-C8), the extensive change in labeling specificity during assembly is evidence for substantial changes in protein-lipid and possibly protein-protein interactions during formation of the C lesion. PMID- 7240748 TI - In vivo effects of anti-asialo GM1. I. Reduction of NK activity and enhancement of transplanted tumor growth in nude mice. AB - Intravenous injection of anti-asialo GM1, which has been shown to eliminate natural killer (NK) activity in vitro in the presence of complement, completely abolished NK activity against lymphoma cell line (YAC-1) in spleen cells from athymic nude mice as well as from conventional mice. An immunofluorescence study revealed a decreased number of asialo GM1 positive cells in the spleens of mice injected with anti-asialo GM1 than in those of mice injected with normal rabbit serum. In the nude mice with reduced NK activity, incidence of tumor take and the growth were enhanced when syngeneic (RL male-1), and allogeneic (YAC-1) tumors and human tumors were transplanted subcutaneously. These results strongly suggest that NK cells play an important role in transplanted-tumor growth in vivo. PMID- 7240751 TI - Suppression of phagocytosis and chemotaxis by cell wall components of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The ability of S. aureus to resist phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is thought to be an important virulence factor for this microorganism. We have studied the effect of 3 major cell wall components of S. aureus, peptidoglycan, protein A, and teichoic acid, on PMN function. Phagocytosis and chemotaxis were both inhibited by prior incubation of PMN with peptidoglycan. This effect was dose- and time-related; incubation with as little as 2.5 micrograms/ml for 30 min produced a discernible suppressive effect. Suppression of PMN function was independent of the presence of human serum but was abolished by rabbit antiserum to peptidoglycan. Addition of peptidoglycan to PMN stimulated a prolonged chemiluminescence response that was greater when the peptidoglycan was first incubated in normal serum, perhaps reflection opsonization of this particulate material. Although protein A also suppressed phagocytic and chemotactic capabilities of PMN, this effect was observed only in the presence of serum and was eliminated by absorbing Ig. Centrifugation of the serum + protein A mixture showed that the suppressive effect was contained in the precipitated sediment. Complexes of Ig alone were not suppressive. Teichoic acid in concentrations less than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml had no adverse effect on PMN function. These studies describe ways in which peptidoglycan and protein A may interfere with phagocytosis and chemotaxis of human PMN, thus giving evidence for the role of these cell wall components as virulence factors. PMID- 7240753 TI - Derivation of a breeding colony of germ-free athymic mice by cesarean section and foster nursing. AB - Germ-free athymic mice were obtained by removing the uterus by cesarean section from a gravid heterozygous (nu/+) female at precisely full term. The uterus was transferred into a germ-free flexible isolator containing two germ-free CD-1 mice that were communally nursing their recently delivered litters. These germ-free CD 1 mice served as foster mothers for the newborn germ-free athymic mice. PMID- 7240752 TI - Use of an internal sample attenuator in radioimmunoassay. Assay of triiodothyronine (T3) using starch particles containing entrapped charcoal and bismuth oxide in combination with free antibodies. AB - A radioimmunoassay for triiodothyronine involving no separate washing or separation steps is described. By using an internal sample attenuator, bismuth oxide, co-immobilized with the sorbent, charcoal, for the non-bound fraction of T3, a system was designed in which a suspension of starch spheres containing the sorbent and the attenuator was added after the immunological reaction had taken place. The particles sedimented and the whole test tube was counted in a gamma counter. The coefficient of correlation between the results obtained with the present method and those from conventional procedures was 0.993. PMID- 7240750 TI - The presence of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in normal human mixed saliva. AB - This report describes PAF activity in normal human mixed saliva from each of 24 randomly selected donors. The human salivary PAF (HS-PAF) was similar to rabbit basophil PAF (acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine or AGEPC) with respect to the following characteristics: 1. HS-PAF co-chromatographed with the standard rabbit basophil AGEPC and with synthetic AGEPC. 2. HS-PAF and AGEPC were unaffected by hirudin, indomethacin, and creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase, the respective inhibitors of platelet activation induced by thrombin, arachidonic acid, and ADP. 3. HS-PAF and AGEPC were inactivated by a 5 min incubation with ALF, the acid-labile factor in normal human serum that rapidly destroys AGEPC. 4. HS-PAF was demonstrated to be functionally similar to AGEPC by cross-desensitization experiments. In the absence of Ca++, HS-PAF and AGEPC cross-desensitized washed rabbit platelets to subsequent stimulation by either HS-PAF or AGEPC after recalcification. 5. HS-PAF was demonstrated to be structurally similar to AGEPC by several simple chemical tests for functional groups. PMID- 7240754 TI - A simple bactericidal antibody test for sero-diagnosis of typhoid fever. AB - Serum samples were collected from 24 confirmed cases of typhoid fever, 15 clinically suspected cases and 23 normal healthy controls. The convalescent sera were obtained in 13 of the 24 confirmed typhoid cases. In all, 13 paired sera, 11 acute phase only, 15 clinically suspected and 23 normal serum samples were tested for eliciting bactericidal antibodies to Salmonella typhi. In addition, the Widal test was also performed for comparison. All the 24 acute phase sera as well as 13 convalescent sera were found to be positive by bactericidal antibody test (titre 1:80 or above). Of 15 clinically suspected cases, 5 were positive whereas one of the 23 normal controls sera gave a false positive reaction. In contrast, the Widal test could detect only one of the 24 cases in the acute stage, but all 13 cases showed antibodies at a diagnostic titre level during the convalescent stage. None of the 15 clinically suspected cases or 23 normal controls were positive by the Widal test. The feasibility of using a bactericidal antibody test in sero-diagnosis of typhoid fever is discussed. PMID- 7240755 TI - Purification of fluorescein-labeled specific anti-hemoglobin antibody using cross linked immunoabsorbent. PMID- 7240756 TI - Serum antibodies (measured by MRSPAH) to alcohol-soluble gliadins in adult coeliac patients. PMID- 7240757 TI - Radioimmunoassay of anti-albumin autoantibodies in human sera. PMID- 7240758 TI - A new assay for the assessment of staphylococcal killing by human leucocytes. AB - A new method is described for investigating the killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human phagocytic cells. The radioassay is based on the principle that only viable bacteria synthesize DNA and incorporate [3H]thymidine. Phagocytes are incubated with bacteria and then disrupted by a single freeze-thaw cycle. The uptake of tritiated thymidine by the remaining organisms is a measure of the killing ability of the phagocytes. The technique is simple, sensitive, rapid and requires small volumes of blood. It can be semiautomated and uses equipment readily available in an immunology laboratory and is therefore suitable for routine investigations of leucocyte function. It is likely that the technique could form the basis for measuring kill by phagocytes of any rapidly dividing organism. A time course and a normal range have been evaluated for the bactericidal capacity of 26 normal individuals. PMID- 7240759 TI - Cascade immunoelectrophoresis: combined electrophoretic and solid-phase processing of immunoreactive protein by zonal immobilization. AB - A new approach to immunochemical analysis of complex mixtures of proteins has been devised through development of a system for (1) sequentially absorbing, desorbing, and cascading antibodies in a profile indicative of both the quantity and electrophoretic characteristics of the antigen, and (2) for carrying out multiple tests of antigenic determinants at sub-picomole levels regardless of the solubility or precipitin forming characteristics of the immunoreactive protein. The procedure employs zonal immobilization in which a novel, aldehyde-rich gel (glyoxyl agarose) is used interchangeably as an inert support for electrophoresis and as an immobilizing matrix to fix the protein for analysis by solid-phase techniques. Proteins may be separated on the gel as with ordinary agarose, and then driven to combine covalently with the gel upon exposure to NaCNBH3. After removing NaCNBH3, the distribution of specified antigens is then established by exposing the gel to antibody an profiling the pattern of antibody uptake by a cross-electrophoretic technique in which the absorbed antibody is (1) desorbed with dodecyl sulfate, then (2) transferred through a gel containing potassium ion to halt migration of the detergent, and (3) displayed by immunoprecipitation with anti-IgG antibodies. To cascade the process further, the IgG may be immobilized and used as a surrogate antigen to bind additional antibody protein. In addition to enhancing sensitivity, the cross-electrophoretic measurement of uptake of antibody by immobilized antigen eliminates dependence on direct immunoprecipitation of the antigen, and may accordingly be of particular advantage with non-precipitin forming antigens and monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 7240760 TI - Nature of carbohydrate intolerance in adult malnutrition. PMID- 7240761 TI - Assessment of spontaneous labour in primigravidae by pelvic scoring. PMID- 7240762 TI - Aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery. PMID- 7240763 TI - Hepatic haemangioma. PMID- 7240764 TI - A new Pk phenotype in the P blood group system. AB - A healthy 22-year-old woman was noted to have erythrocytes of the Pk phenotype: a strong Pk antigen, no detectable P antigen and anti-P antibody in her serum. Her erythrocytes contained four to six times as much Pk glycolipid (globotriaosylceramide or CTH) and approximately half as much P glycolipid (globotetraosylceramide or globoside) as normal red cells. The structures of CTH and globoside were characterized by analysis of permethylated sugars and complement fixation, in addition to chromatographic mobility and sugar composition. Inasmuch as the erythrocytes of two Pk individuals that were analysed previously (Marcus et al., 1976) contained no detectable globoside, these abnormalities appear to represent a new phenotype in the P blood group system. PMID- 7240765 TI - Non-H-2-linked genetic control of resistance to BALB/c fibrosarcoma Meth-A. AB - The genetic control of hybrid resistance to BALB/c fibrosarcoma Meth-A was investigated. A Meth-A tumour grew slower in (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 and reciprocal hybrid mice than in syngeneic BALB/c mice and was also found to grow slower in females than in males. Significant F1 resistance was demonstrated after both subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection of tumour cells. However, (BALB/c x DBA/2)F1 mice did not show any significant resistance to Meth-A. In H-2 linkage studies of [BALB/c x (BALB/c x C57BL/6)] backcross mice, no statistically significant differences in the resistance of H-2 heterozygotes and homozygotes to Meth-A were observed. These results indicated that F1 hybrid resistance to Meth-A was controlled by non-H-2-linked resistance factor(s). No linkage was observed between resistance to Meth-A and coat colour c- and b-loci. PMID- 7240766 TI - Addition of serum to the medium used for preparation of cell suspensions as a possible source of artifacts in cell-mediated reactions studied by means of the popliteal lymph node test. AB - Conditions for preparations of cells used in immunogenetic studies may substantially affect their properties and the results obtained. It was found that short-term incubation or a mere preparation of parental spleen cells in a medium containing either xenogeneic serum or concanavalin A (Con A) increase their ability (after footpad injection) to induce enlargement of the popliteal lymph node in (B10.LP x A/Ph)F1 hybrid recipients. Under similar conditions, enlargement of PLN could be induced also by syngenetic F1 hybrid cells. The greater lymphadenomegaly following the injection of parental or syngeneic cells prepared in serum-containing medium may be explained by the host reaction against additional foreign antigens rather than increased GVH reactivity or autoimmunity. PMID- 7240767 TI - The challenge of mass medicine. PMID- 7240769 TI - Pulmonary tuberculosis: diagnostic clues on the chest X-ray. PMID- 7240768 TI - Administration of a mass medicine facility. PMID- 7240770 TI - SOS stop smoking clinic: a one-year report on the program at the Cummins Engine Company. PMID- 7240771 TI - Ever need an ambulance? PMID- 7240772 TI - Expanded myocardial revascularization of the septal artery. PMID- 7240773 TI - The need for "P.R. thinking" in your medical practice. PMID- 7240774 TI - [Assessment of the renal consequences as related to operative technique in surgery for 190 staghorn or calyceal calculi. Comparative value of renal scintigraphy and intravenous urography (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have studied 86 patients with staghorn calculi who underwent preoperative quantitative renal scintigraphy. 50 of them (63 kidneys) had one or two follow-up scans between 1 and 9 years after the operation. These scintigraphic data were compared with those of I.V.U. These 50 patients had undergone surgery on 60 kidneys (12 pyelotomies only, 26 pyelotomies associated with limited nephrotomies, 18 extended nephrotomies and finally 4 bi-value nephrotomies). In 46 of these patients, the urine became definitively sterile and there was no recurrence of lithiasis in any of them. These quite exceptional conditions were such that it is possible to bear in mind only the operative technique in assessing the possible harmful consequences of each type of operation. The authors clearly show that the threat to function of the kidney which has been operated upon is more threatened when there has been a nephrotomy and when such a nephrotomy has been more extensive. A limited nephrotomy is associated with a mean loss of (% of renal function. Extended nephrotomies or more than 3 cm result in a loss of function of approximately 22%. Large bi-value nephrotomies result in a 36% loss of function. Simultaneous study of scintigraphic scans and I.V.U. revealed that a loss of 1 cm in height of the renal parenchyma corresponds to a functional loss of 10% as determined by scintigraphy. Of basic importance is the fact that the impairment caused by nephrotomies remains stable and does not worsen with the passage of time. PMID- 7240777 TI - [The diagnostic value of the radioimmunological estimation of prostatic acid phosphatase. Comparative value of the measurement of enzyme activity (author's transl)]. AB - Radioimmunological estimation of prostatic acid phosphatase was carried out in 72 reference subjects, 46 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy, 106 patients with untreated prostatic carcinoma and 25 patients with a carcinoma of some other origin. The mean concentration in non-acidified serum was 1.3 +/- 0.4 (M +/- SD) ng/ml for the reference group and 1.6 +/- 0.8 ng/ml for the benign hypertrophy group. The upper limit of discriminatory values for the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma was fixed at 3 ng/ml. Taking this value, the overall percentage of positive results for carcinoma of the prostate was 61% (65/106). The number of cases with a value greater than 3 ng/ml was 3/18 (17%) for stage A, 8/27 (30%) for stage B, 7/13 (54%) for stage C and 47/48 (98%) for stage D. 8% (2/25) of carcinomas of another origin gave a positive result. The results of estimation using the radioimmunological technique were compared with those obtained by the measurement of enzyme activity using para nitro-phenyl phosphate as a substrate in 34 untreated prostatic carcinomas (all stages mixed together). When measurements by both techniques were carried out under the same ideal conditions using fresh sera as soon as possible after the blood was drawn, the result was abnormal in 10 cases out of 12 (83%) for the radioimmunological method and in 8 cases out of 12 (67%) for the measurement of enzyme activity. By contrast, under routine conditions, the positive percentage figures were 77% (17/22) for the radioimmunological technique and only 36% (8/22) for the measurement of enzyme activity. It would thus appear that radioimmunological measurement is more reliable than the measurement of enzyme activity. PMID- 7240775 TI - [The anterior subcostal transperitoneal approach to the kidney. Report on a series of enlarged nephrectomies (author's transl)]. AB - An anterior subcostal transperitoneal approach was employed in a series of 50 operations, including 43 enlarged nephrectomies for cancer. The advantages of this technique are that it gives direct access to the aortic diaphragmatic orifice and the large vessels and upper pole of the kidney, it is simple to enlarge, and it is solid. It has only minor inconveniences. As only the abdominal cavity is opened, the patient's respiratory function is preserved, especially in the elderly and those with respiratory insufficiency. With a lower mortality and morbidity, a shorter period of hospitalisation, and lower costs, it enables the same enlarged excision to be performed as during thoraco-phrenolaparotomy. It can also be employed for other types of operation on the kidneys and renal vessels, the adrenals, or the lateral aortic glands. PMID- 7240776 TI - [Single-stage correction of hypospadias with free skin flap (22 cases). With pediculated skin flap (17 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240778 TI - [Polyorchidism (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe two new cases of polyorchidism. In the first case, they removed a testis which had a better seminal line than the testis preserved. In the other case, a conservative attitude was adopted. A review of the literature is followed by a discussion of the benefits of conservative therapy. PMID- 7240779 TI - [Should urinary drainage be conducted, and if so, how, after pyelo-ureteral junction resection? (author's transl)]. AB - The author recalls the risks associated with plastic surgery on the pyelo ureteral junction without proximal urinary drainage, the beneficial effects of ureteral intubation and anastomosis, and the innocuity of the emergence of the drainage tube and of intubation through the pyelic wall, according to the technique that he has developed. PMID- 7240780 TI - Occurrence of resistance to neomycin and kanamycin in Bacillus popilliae and certain serotypes of Bacillus thuringiensis: mutation potential in sensitive strains. PMID- 7240781 TI - Melophagus ovinus (Pupipara: Hippoboscidae): confirmation of the nonpathogenicity of Trypanosoma melophagium for sheep keds. PMID- 7240783 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscope study on the terminal blood vessels of the rat skin. AB - The microvasculature in the subepidermal layer of the rat foot was examined by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts and by transmission electron microscopy of serial ultrathin sections. Three-dimensional observation of the casts demonstrated that, in the walking pads (pressure areas) with a thick epidermis, terminal vessels formed tortuous capillary loops that penetrated vertically into well-developed dermal papillae. In other regions of the foot (non pressure areas) with a thin epidermis, terminal vessels formed a horizontally arranged capillary network and each capillary of the network fitted into a shallow groove along the dermal epidermal boundary base. These differences in the pattern of vascular distribution might be of significance from the view point of the blood flow; in pressure areas, the vertically arranged, tortuous vessels might allow vertical mobility of the skin without injury to them and might keep the blood flow normal against the force of compression. In thin sections, however, capillaries of both the loops and networks were similar in spite of the differences in the vascular distribution and the architecture of the epidermal dermal junction. Vessels located in close proximity to the epidermis exhibited endothelial fenestrations along their proximal margins. In vessels away from the epidermis, on the contrary, fenestrations were not apparent. Since endothelial fenestration is an anatomical property related to rapid material exchange, it may be concluded that the pattern of distribution and the fine structure of subepidermal capillaries adjusts to the metabolic needs of the epidermis. PMID- 7240782 TI - Pharmacology and toxicology of infant skin. AB - Cutaneous metabolism and pharmacology have been the focus of increased scientific inquiry in the past 2 decades. However, in the past few years, attention has been focused specifically on the effects of topically applied drugs in infants as different qualitatively or quantitatively from their effects in adults. Prior to 1972, it was known that brain damage occurred in animals with prolonged blood levels of 2 microgram/ml hexachlorophene, and that washing newborn babies with a standard 3% hexachlorophene liquid soap for 3-5 days resulted in significant blood levels of the compound. However, this knowledge was not disseminated widely enough to prevent the tragic deaths of infants after the use of baby powder contaminated with 6.6% hexachlorophene [1]. This incident highlighted the need for increased understanding of drug effects not only from the viewpoint of the skin as a target organ, but also of percutaneous penetration and resultant blood levels; the affinity of other body tissues for drugs and their metabolites, metabolites which may result from the effect of the skin itself acting on the drug; and the infant's much greater ratio of surface area to body weight, allowing the infant to percutaneously absorb proportionately greater quantities of topical medication than an adult. Although tissue distribution of most drugs has not been studied in infants, it is known that such distribution often depends on age. For example, in infants and children with a given plasma level, of drugs such as barbiturates, morphine and tetracycline, the brain tissue level may exceed that of the adult. Thus, drugs and chemicals that penetrate infant skin may produce effects different than those penetrating adult skin. PMID- 7240784 TI - A model for the study of autoimmune diseases applied to pemphigus: transplants of human oral mucosa to athymic nude mice binds pemphigus antibodies in vivo. AB - The present paper describes a new in vivo method to study the action of pemphigus antibodies against human tissue. Oral mucosal biopsies from healthy donors were transplanted to athymic nude mice, which, a week later, were injected with serum from pemphigus patients. From 1 to 5 days after the injection the epithelial transplants were removed and preparations were studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. Pemphigus antibodies were demonstrated in preparations from each of 23 mice which had received pemphigus serum, but in none of 6 which had received control serum. Transplants from about 2/3 of the experimental mice showed intercellular edema of the basal layers of the epithelium and in transplants from 3 mice supra-basilar splitting of the epithelium was found. None of these changes was seen in the control mice. Passive transfer of human serum or lymphocytes to nude mice transplanted with human tissue may be use in future studies of autoimmune diseases, including pemphigus. PMID- 7240785 TI - Changes in epidermal forward scattering absorption after UVA or UVA-UVB irradiation. AB - Groups of skh-1 (albino) and Skh-2 (pigmented) hairless mice were irradiated for 125 hr using a modified GE F8T5-BL black light with and without a 3-mm plate glass filter to remove light below 320 nm. The epidermis was examined by forward scattering and by histological section postirradiation at 48 hr, 96 hr, 9 days, and 23 days. Changes in the epidermis of all animals were compared to control groups. Although no differences were seen between Skh-1 and Skh-2 mice, both the magnitude and shape of the forward scattering absorption curves were changed by the irradiation used. In both strains, differences which were detected at 48 hr postirradiation had returned to normal visually by 23 days, with no augmented pigmentation occurring in Skh-2 animals. At 23 days postirradiation, however, residual optical alterations were observed. This phenomenon, detected optically, may be skin acclimatization. PMID- 7240786 TI - Inhibition of ultraviolet-induced carcinogenesis by all-trans retinoic acid. AB - The effects of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) in 0.05%, 0.025% and 0.005% concentrations on ultraviolet (UV) induced carcinogenesis was investigated in the skin of Uscd strain hairless mice. A carcinogenic amount of UV energy was delivered over the 12-mo period of the study. The 0.025% and 0.005% RA solutions did not alter the development of cutaneous cancers. However, the 0.05% RA concentration significantly inhibited the tumor formation in this study. PMID- 7240787 TI - Distribution of fibronectin during wound healing in vivo. AB - The distribution of fibronectin during wound healing has been studied. Full thickness wounds were made in the skin on the sides of guinea pigs' trunks. Biopsy specimens were taken from the normal skin, from the 5-hr-old wound, and on days 1-18 after wounding. Unfixed frozen sections were analyzed for fibronectin distribution by indirect immunofluorescence analysis with a specific antiserum prepared in rabbits against guinea pig plasma fibronectin. Tissue samples were also embedded in methacrylate and sections cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for general histology or with a silver stain for reticulin. Fibronectin was prominent in the basement membranes of normal skin epidermis. It was also present in the papillary dermis and to a lesser extent in the reticular dermis. After wounding, fibronectin was part of the fibrin clot and distributed along fibrin strands. Fibronectin was also deposited along newly synthesized collagen in the granulation tissue, which was at least in part collagen type III based upon staining for reticulin. Eventually, the entire granulation tissue was transformed into aligned collagen fibrils coated with fibronectin. Throughout the period of wound healing, the level of fibronectin associated with what appeared to be type I collagen in the reticular dermis adjacent to the wound area stayed about the same. When fibrils with the histological characteristics of type I collagen were within the granulation tissue, however, they were coated with fibronectin. The results indicate that fibronectin is a major component present during wound healing. PMID- 7240788 TI - Age-dependent changes in fibroblast culture from a xeroderma pigmentosum variant. PMID- 7240789 TI - Langerhans cell. PMID- 7240790 TI - Alterations in antigenic properties of normal epidermis adjacent to basal cell carcinomas. AB - The expression of U-CYT antigens, tissue-specific cytoplasmic antigens of keratinocytes that are markers of the terminal differentiation of these cells, was studied in normal skin adjacent to malignant epidermal tumors. Ten basal-cell carcinomas were studied. In all cases, it was found that the expression of U-CYT antigens in normal epidermis gradually decreased with increasing proximity to the tumors and finally disappeared completely within the tumor tissue itself. This finding suggests that basal-cell carcinoma can alter the normal differentiation of adjacent nonmalignant cells. PMID- 7240791 TI - DNA damage in human skin fibroblasts exposed to UVA light used in clinical PUVA treatment. AB - Human skin fibroblasts were irradiated with a clinically used UVA light source. The doses (1.1 and 3 J/cm2) were similar to those reaching the dermis during clinical PUVA treatment of psoriasis. DNA strand breaks, as determined by alkaline elution, were formed in a dose-dependent way and disappeared within 1 hr of postincubation at 37 degrees C. These findings have clinical implications since UVA-induced DNA damage may be accompanied by mutagenic and tumor promoting effects. PMID- 7240793 TI - Human skin fibroblasts in culture: procollagen synthesis in the presence of sera from normal human subjects and from patients with dermal fibroses. AB - Various dermal fibrotic conditions, such as progressive systemic sclerosis, localized morphea and familial cutaneous collagenoma, are characterized by excessive deposition of collagen in the skin. In the present study, we examined the possibility that a circulating serum factor(s) is responsible for increased collagen production in these diseases. The effects of human serum on the synthesis of procollagen were examined by incubating normal human dermal fibroblasts with [3H]proline and varying concentrations of dialyzed heat inactivated serum. The synthesis of procollagen was measured as formation of nondialyzable [3H]hydroxyproline and collagenase-digestible 3H]polypeptides. In the absence of serum little procollagen was formed but the synthesis was markedly stimulated by the addition of normal serum in a concentration-dependent manner. THe ratio of genetically distinct 3H-procollagens of type I and type III, assayed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after limited pepsin proteolysis, was unaffected by the addition of serum. Thus, normal human serum contains a nondialyzable factor(s) which stimulates the synthesis of procollagens type I and type III equally. Sera from 5 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis, 3 with localized scleroderma, and 2 with familial cutaneous collagenoma were also tested. Sera from these patients failed to stimulate 3H procollagen production more than sera from healthy age-matched controls. Therefore, no increased quantities or qualitatively aberrant factors were shown to be present in the sera of these patients. PMID- 7240794 TI - In vitro alterations of epidermal cell adhesion induced by temperature, substrate, and cations. AB - Epidermal cell-to-cell or basal cell-to-substrate adhesion in vitro, involves as yet, unknown mechanisms. The rate of attachment of newly dissociated neonatal mouse epidermal cells and the rate of keratinocyte detachment from preformed epidermal monolayers was investigated under a variety of experimental conditions. In the present investigation, we obtained the following results: (1) variables such as temperature, nature of substrate, and presence of cations in the growth medium were important in the initial cel-to-substrate attachment; (2) removal of Ca++ and Mg++ from the growth medium was associated with a very low attachment rate (less than 5% at 24 hr and 48 hr); (3) the initial cell-to-substrate attachment of epidermal cells decreased about 50% when maintained in medium deficient in either Mg++ or Ca++ indicating that both cations are important in the cell-to-substrate attachment; (4) keratinocyte-detachment from preformed monolayers increased in medium deficient in Ca++, Mg++ as well as in medium only deficient in Ca++. However, detachment in cultures maintained in Mg++ deficient medium was similar to controls. In conclusion, Ca++ is one factor that may regulate epidermal cell-to-cell and cell-to-substrate interactions in vitro. Mg++ appears to influence also in the initial attachment process of epidermal basal cells. PMID- 7240792 TI - The pattern of cellular organization of human epidermis. AB - Cell alignment in the stratum corneum of frozen sections of specimens of human skin was examined by light microscopy following expansion of the stratum corneum in alkaline buffer. Some degree of ordered structure was found in all specimens examined but considerable variation existed in precision of cell alignment. The typical degree of cell alignment was less precise than that typically observed in experimental animals. PMID- 7240795 TI - The kinetics of ornithine decarboxylase activity as a function of wounding in guinea pig ear epidermis. AB - Guinea pig ear stratum corneum was removed to increasing depths by 1, 3, 6 or 9 strippings with adhesive tape. Increasing ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity responses were observed in the epidermis 4.5 hr after wounding with 3, 6 or 9 tape strippings. The kinetics of this ODC response were investigated at intervals including, 2, 4.5, 12, 18, 24 and 72 hr after tape stripping. ODC activity was significantly elevated for 12 hr after 3 or 6 tape strippings and for at least 72 hr after 9 tape strippings. These effects were independent of hair plucking or depilation prior to wounding. This model is potentially useful for comparing the effects of chemical, mechanical and physical stimuli on ODC activity and subsequent polyamine synthesis. PMID- 7240796 TI - Directional variations of mechanical parameters in rat skin depending on maturation and age. AB - Mechanical properties of rat back skin at low loads and at failure were studied in 2 directions, e.g., perpendicular and longitudinal to body axis beginning with early maturation (from 1 week onwards) until senescence (at 24 mo). Anisotropic behavior, known for human skin, has also been found in rats. Surprisingly, the changes due to maturation and aging were not the same for one area of skin regardless of the direction. Ultimate extension was more influenced by the aging process in samples perpendicular to the body axis than in those parallel to body axis. Elongation at zero load, that means load not measurable under the described conditions, was higher in the longitudinal samples than in the perpendicular ones in young and very old animals, whereas this difference was absent in mature animals. In contrast, ultimate load, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were higher in perpendicular samples than in samples longitudinal to the body axis for young and very old, but not for mature animals. Elongation at low loads or low stresses shows a different pattern than at medium loads or medium stresses when both directions are compared. Apparently, elements contributing to the mechanical properties in the various directions are differently influenced by the maturation and aging processes. Moreover, the elements contributing to the changes at low loads react differently to the aging process from those responsible for the effects at medium and high loads. PMID- 7240797 TI - Photoallergic contact dermatitis in guinea pigs: improved induction technique using Freund's complete adjuvant. AB - Efforts to predict the incidence of photoallergic contact dermatitis in man have been hampered by limitations in the animal which have been developed to date. This study reports an improved induction technique in guinea pigs which correlates well with observed clinical experience in man. PMID- 7240798 TI - Antibodies to basal cells. PMID- 7240799 TI - Two outbreaks of sternal wound infection due to organisms of the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex. AB - Two outbreaks of postoperative wound infections due to organisms of the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex (Mycobacterium chelonei and M. fortuitum) occurred among patients who underwent open-heart surgery. In one hospital, 19 of 80 patients who underwent cardiac surgery within a 10-week period developed sternal infection with M. chelonei. In the second hospital, four of nine patients who underwent cardiac surgery within a two-week period developed sternal incisional infection with M. fortuitum. Although epidemiologic investigations uncovered factors that were significantly associated with the development of infection, the source of the infections could not be determined. The results of numerous cultures were negative, but because the investigations were conducted at least two months after many of the patients had had surgery, the materials in use at the time of the surgery were not available for culture. These results emphasize that physicians should be aware that rapidly growing mycobacteria may produce postoperative wound infections. PMID- 7240800 TI - Evaluation of commercially available diagnostic test kits for rubella. AB - Three standard hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) methods were compared with 11 commercially available diagnostic test kits for determination of immunity and serologic diagnosis of rubella using a panel of 100 sera. The three standard HAI methods involved removal of serum inhibitors with kaolin, heparin-MnCl2, or dextran sulfate-CaCl2. The HAI kaolin (Flow Laboratories, McLean, Virginia) and Rubelisa (Microbiological Associates Bioproducts, Walkersville, Maryland) kits gave the best specificity as judged by the absence of false-positive results. Rubacell (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, Illinois), Rubindex (Ortho Diagnostics, Raritan, New Jersey), Fiax (International Diagnostic Technology, Santa Clara, California), and Rubesure (Calbiochem-Behring, La Jolla, California) gave the best sensitivity as judged by the absence of false-negative results. The kits with the highest degree of both specificity and sensitivity were HAI kaolin (Flow), HAI heparin-MnCl2 (Flow), Rubacell (Abbott), and Rubindex (Ortho). In paired sera from five patients with clinical rubella, seroconversions were shown by seven of the kits. One of the kits, Cordia R (Cordis Laboratories, Miami, Florida), showed no significant rise in antibody titer with one pair of sera. Antibody titers in the same serum varied widely between the different kits. PMID- 7240802 TI - Effect of free fatty acids on protein binding of antimicrobial agents. AB - The effect of free fatty acids (FFAs) on the binding of antibiotics to human serum proteins was studied by addition of palmitic acid to albumin solutions and normal pooled serum. FFA reduced the binding of dicloxacillin, cefamandole, and sulfamethoxazole at molar ratios of FFA to albumin of greater than 2.0. In contrast, FFA enhanced the binding of benzylpenicillin, cephalothin, and cefoxitin at physiologic molar ratios of FFA to albumin. Elevated levels of FFAs induced in vivo by heparin produced similar results with dicloxacillin and benzylpenicillin. Addition of FFA to serum, but not to albumin, reduced the binding of clindamycin and trimethoprim. That the binding of these drugs was much lower in albumin than in serum suggested the presence in serum of another antibiotic-binding protein and that FFAs can modulate binding to this protein. Binding of chloramphenicol was unaffected by FFAs. The possible clinical significance of the changes in protein binding due to FFAs is discussed. PMID- 7240801 TI - Antibody response to pneumococcal vaccine in patients with multiple myeloma. AB - Patients with multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia respond poorly to antigenic stimuli and may not be protected by pneumococcal vaccine. Thirty seven patients and 10 controls received 14-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine. The patients had lower (P less than 0.01) titers of antibody to 11 of the 12 antigens assayed before vaccination and to 10 of 12 antigens (P less than 0.01) after vaccination than did controls, but the ratios of antibody titers before vaccination to those after vaccination were remarkably similar. A poorer antibody response was observed in patients receiving multiagent chemotherapy than in those receiving chemotherapy with alkylating agents (P less than 0.01 for six of the antigens). That these patients did respond to the vaccine (although titers of antibody after vaccination were significantly lower than those in controls) suggests that patients with multiple myeloma or macroglobulinemia may benefit from pneumococcal vaccine. PMID- 7240803 TI - Salivary IgA antibodies to mumps virus during and after mumps. PMID- 7240804 TI - Toxins and toxic-shock syndrome. PMID- 7240805 TI - Fungemia in chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis. PMID- 7240806 TI - Infectious complications associated with hairy cell leukemia. AB - Infectious complications in 47 patients with hairy cell leukemia were reviewed. Seventeen patients had culture-documented infections, 13 patients had significant clinical infections not documented by culture, and 17 had no serious infections. In the documented group, 64% of the infections were pyogenic and 36% were nonpyogenic. Patients in the two groups with serious infections had an initial median granulocyte count that was significantly lower than the granulocyte count in the uninfected group (P less than 0.05). Ten of the 17 patients with documented infections died, all as a result of their infections. In the uninfected group, two of 17 patients died, both with progressive disease. Four (9%) of the 47 patients had disseminated atypical mycobacterial disease; two of these patients are alive and asymptomatic two and three years, respectively, after the diagnosis of infection. PMID- 7240807 TI - Influenza B virus vaccines in children and adults: adverse reactions, immune response, and observations in the field. AB - A double-blind trial of influenza virus vaccines was initiated in the fall of 1976. One dose of 500 chick cell-agglutinating units of subvirion influenza B vaccine gave negligible adverse reactions in schoolchildren and young adults, whereas whole-virus vaccine caused systemic reactions. Subvirion vaccines induced a complement-fixing antibody response, particularly in children, that returned to near original levels over a two-year period. Levels of hemagglutination inhibiting (HAI) antibodies induced by the vaccine remained elevated for at least 2.5 years in the absence of natural challenge. When a major epidemic of influenza B occurred in the winter of 1979-1980, the youngest children (originally six to nine years of age) had the highest infection rate (53%); in this group protection was estimated at 44% +/- 17% by serologic evidence of infection. Little vaccine efficacy was demonstrated in older age groups at three years after vaccination, despite the persistence of HAI antibodies induced by the vaccine. PMID- 7240809 TI - Transferable resistance to trimethoprim in Shigella. PMID- 7240808 TI - Stimulation of hexose uptake by human eosinophils with chemotactic factors. AB - The ability of several stimuli, all of which have been reported to stimulate eosinophil motility, to augment uptake or extracellular deoxyglucose (DOG), a glucose analogue, was studied. DOG uptake was stimulated in a concentration dependent manner by the more potent chemotaxins--zymosan-activated serum, partially purified C5a. N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and 5- and 11 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Less potent stimuli--the eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis, histamine, and prostaglandin E2--did not stimulate DOG uptake. However, the correlation between the abilities of the agents to stimulate motility and DOG uptake was not completely uniform. Prostaglandin F2 alpha was a potent stimulant of DOG uptake yet is known to enhance only weakly chemokinesis and to be not chemotactic for eosinophils. The combined data from this and other studies indicate that these stimuli elicit specific and different sets of functional responses from eosinophils. PMID- 7240810 TI - Subarachnoid hemorrhage: an unusual presentation of infective endocarditis. PMID- 7240812 TI - More health planning info. PMID- 7240811 TI - Physician involvement in health planning--1981. PMID- 7240813 TI - [Defence mechanisms in development (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240814 TI - [3'-terminal labeling for DNA sequencing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240815 TI - [Clinical studies on cases of cardiovascular disease during pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - The long term follow up studies on cases of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy or delivery were reviewed in 181 patients administrated in our clinic. The results as follows: 1. An incidence of patients with cardiovascular disease during pregnancy was 1.46 per cent as a whole, and there was increasing tendency in congenital heart disease. 2. An accidental heart failure during pregnancy was seen in 7.7 per cent and all cases with NYHA III grade had an incidence of 100 per cent. 3. The occurrence of toxicosis and SFD pregnancy were more frequently seen in group of heart disease than in controls. But, no difference was observed in spontaneous abortion or neonatal asphyxia. 4. 28 patients with Starr-Edwards prosthetic heart valves became pregnant in our clinic. In these pregnancies, 5 cases receiving with warfarin therapy resulted in 3 anomalies of new born and in 2 spontaneous abortion. So, the use of warfarin seemed to have the risk to the fetus. But omission of the anticoagulant therapy on the other hand, increased the danger of systemic embolization to the mother. 5. The follow up study by mail in some cases revealed that, as a general, pregnancy and delivery may aggravate the condition of patients, especially who had mitral heart failures. PMID- 7240816 TI - Study on histogenesis of pelvic endometriosis. AB - The histogenesis of pelvic endometriosis can not be sufficiently accounted for by a single theory. Thus it may be necessary to pressure plural theories for the explanation of their histogenesis. On collected 253 cases of endometriosis, some clinical and pathological studies were carried out and classified to adenomyosis (A) 37%, ovarian and pelvic endometriosis (O.P) 17%, and others (A+O.P) 45%. Age of the group O.P adenomyosis (A) 37%, ovarian and pelvic endometriosis (O.P) 17%, and others (A+O.P) 45%. Age of the group O.P tended to be younger, as compared with other groups. Pathological study revealed that in group (A+O.P), the lesion tended to be younger, as compared with other groups. Pathological study revealed that in group (A+O.P), the lesion in uterine wall was extensive and deep proliferation in many cases, and it was frequently more at least than group A. Especially, it is necessary to distinguish from each other two different cases which showed endometriosis in the ovary and pelvic peritoneum, that is, to distinguish them by the presence or absence of adenomyosis. In the case of group O.P complicated by A, it is thought highly probable that discrete dissemination may take place from the foci of adenomyosis. In the case of group O.P there may be sufficient room for the application of the Sampson's theory or metaplastic theories. In view of conspicuous trait in the age, however, the possibility of lymphogenous dissemination of endometriosis may be valuable. PMID- 7240817 TI - [Gastrointestinal hormones during pregnancy--immunoreactive secretin and gastrin in serum and fetal tissue (author's transl)]. AB - The concentrations of immunoreactive secretin (S) and gastrin (G) in maternal peripheral vein (MV) during pregnancy and MV, umbilical artery (UA) and umbilical vein (UV) at delivery and fetal tissue of 19, 23 weeks of gestation obtained after therapeutic abortion were measured by specific radioimmunoassay. S-specific antisera was generated in rabbits against highly purified synthetic S. Newly synthesized S analog (Tyr1)-S was indicated by enzymic method. The radioimmunoassay of S was performed by double antibody method using synthetic S as standard. G was measured by RIA kit (Dainabot radioisotope Lab.). The sensitivity of the assays for S and G was 50 pg/ml. The fetal tissue were extracted by water-boiling method and purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 column. The S levels in MV increase as gestational age advances and reach to the maximum levels of 248 +/- 150 pg/ml, while no increase tendency was noticed in G levels. The S levels in MV, UA and UV at delivery (n = 18) were 307 +/- 158 pg/ml, 460 +/- 166 pg/ml and 424 +/- 126 pg/ml, respectively. The S levels in cord blood is statistically higher than that in MV (p less than 0.05). The G levels in MV, UA and UV were 67 +/- 22 pg/ml, 101 +/- 63 pg/ml and 91 +/- 38 pg/ml. The differences of the values between MV and cord blood are significant (p less than 0.05). S like material in fetal upper gastrointestinal tracts was found high in concentration. The extract of fetal duodenum showed a displacement curve paralleled to that of the standard S. In addition, relatively high concentration of immunoreactive S was found in cerebral cortex obtained from fetus of 23 weeks of gestation. G concentration in fetal tissue was also demonstrated. The evidence of immunoreactive S and G in fetal blood and fetal gastrointestinal tracts was reported. These results may be of importance to provide the information in understanding the physiology of the fetus. PMID- 7240818 TI - [An ultrastructural study of ovulatory changes in stromal tissue of the follicular apex in the human (author's transl)]. AB - To elucidate the mechanism of follicular rupture at ovulation in human, ultrastructural changes of stromal tissue of the follicular apex during follicular growth and ovulation were studied by focusing on the collagen and fibroblasts in the stroma. Sixteen ovaries were obtained from women at their thirties who underwent the abdominal hysterectomy for gynecologic diseases. From follicles at various stages of development, apical portions were excised and processed for electronmicroscopy. At the apex of growing follicles, fibroblasts with poor cytoplasm and abundant collagen fibers among them were observed in the layers of tunica albuginea and theca externa. At the preovulatory follicles, fibroblasts had rich cytoplasm containing lysosomal granules and multivesicular structures and intercellular collagen fibers were rather sparse. These lysosomal granules and multivesicular structures in the fibroblasts were much conspicuous in the theca external layer of preovulatory and post-ruptured follicles and collagen fibers among these fibroblasts were almost disappeared. It seems that these intercellular collagen fibers and ground substance were digested by the content of lysosomal granules and multivesicular structures. PMID- 7240819 TI - [Effects of ultrasonic irradiation on chromosomes, cell division and developing embryos (author's transl)]. AB - These experiments were planned to acquire any informations about the possibilities of harmful effects of ultrasonics on the chromosomes, the cell division of cultured cells and the developing embryos of the ICR mice. 1. The effects of ultrasonics on the chromosomes. Lymphocytes of fetal blood, fibroblasts of fetal skin and fibroblasts from amniotic fluid were exposed to the continuous ultrasonics of 2MHz with the intensity of 2W/cm2, 1 hour. No significant increase of chromosomal aberrations was found in the exposed groups. 2. The effects on the growth of cultured cells. Fibroblasts of fetal skin were exposed to the continuous ultrasonics of 2MHz (max 2MHz, 2 hours). The cell growth was observed during 14 days, but no suppression on the cell division appeared in the exposed groups. 3. The effects on the ICR pregnant mice. In total, 125 ICR pregnant mice were exposed to the ultrasonics of 2MHz on 8th day of pregnancy (I; control group, II; buffered control group, III; 200 mw/cm2 and IV; 2000 mw/cm2, 5 min). The weight gain of maternal body was suppressed in group IV. The number of implantation sites in group IV was significantly higher than the other 3 groups. The external, skeletal and visceral abnormalities were examined for 1251 fetuses. Brain hernia, anencephaly, cleft palate and skeletal abnormalities were found in group IV and its incidence was significantly higher than the other 3 groups. PMID- 7240820 TI - [The contractile effects of oxytocin, prostaglandin F2 alpha and their combined use on human pregnant myometrium in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - The contractile effects of oxytocin, prostaglandin F2 alpha and their combined use on human pregnant myometrium were studied in vitro. A myometrial strip was taken from the lower part of the uterine body in cases of elective caesarean section at term. The specimen was suspended in the Krebs' solution. Tension was isometrically recorded. 1) Evolved tension, 2) interval, 3) duration, 4) area and 5) work of contractions were measured after administration of oxytocin and/or prostaglandin F2 alpha, and compared with those of spontaneous contractions. The fixed one tenth of threshold concentration of prostaglandin F2 alpha and four concentrations of oxytocin from 0.0001 to 0.1 mu/ml were employed for the study of combined use of oxytocin and prostaglandin F2 alpha. Threshold concentrations of oxytocin were 0.001 mu/ml for tension, 0.01 mu/ml for interval, area and work and 1.0 mu/ml for duration, respectively. Those of prostaglandin F2 alpha were not obtained up to 10 microgram/ml for interval but noted at 0.1 microgram/ml for the rest of the parameters. Lowering of the threshold concentration was noted for tension and work in the combined use. PMID- 7240821 TI - [Studies on urinary excretion of gonadotropin (LH) in response to the treatment of uterine cervical cancer (author's transl)]. AB - Because of contradictory results on urinary excretion of gonadotropin after gynecologic operation, the present experiment was performed in patients who received radical hysterectomy or radiation therapy for uterine cancer. To measure serum and urinary LH, radioimmunoassay and Hi-Gonavis (HAR) were used. 1. After radical hysterectomy, serum LH decreased lightly whereas urinary excretion of LH increased significantly. 2. Similar decrease of serum LH and increase of urinary LH were found after radiation therapy. 3. Under less severe operative procedures such as semiradical hysterectomy and simple hysterectomy, an increase of urinary excretion of LH was less marked. 4. Administration of hydrocortisone to normal subjects caused a similar increase of urinary excretion of LH. 5. Pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH and renal function were not altered under operation or radiation therapy. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that urinary excretion of LH is increased by the excess of adrenal steroid produced by operative stress or radiation therapy. PMID- 7240822 TI - [Surface ultrastructure of the human uterine exfoliated endometrial cells- comparative studies of the same cell by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (author's transl)]. AB - The preparations for observations of the same cells by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were examined and the exfoliated endometrial cells of the uterus obtained by the newly introduced brush and cannula was evaluated. 1) The degree of shrinkage of the area was not significant between the air drying method and critical point drying method. In the air drying group, adhesion, entanglement and disappearance of microvilli (mv) and the adhesion of cilia, and the collapse of cells were noted morphologically. 2) Papanicolaou stain had no effect on the degree of shrinkage of the area and the shape of cilia or mv. 3) When the samples were transferred from ethanol to critical point drying, without immersion in isoamyl acetate, artifacts appeared in small granulated form. 4) The menopausal phase was divided into two groups which showed a shift of the maturation Index (MI) to center and had a slender mv and the other group which showed a shift to the left and granular mv. The nether surface of the cells showed a wrinkled and irregular undulations and did not show cilia or mv. 5) In adenomatous hyperplasia, the ratio of ciliated cell to no ciliated cell was four to one. It was two to one in cystic glandular hyperplasia. 6) The dense and short mv were observed in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma showed neither mv nor cilia. Morphologic changes of mv and cilia in carcinomatous change of uterine endometrium commenced with a decrease in cilia, shifted to the shortening and disappearance disappearance of mv. PMID- 7240823 TI - [A study of the effect of dihydrotestosterone on cultured human fibroblasts--with special reference to the hormone effect on the synthesis of proteins, collagen and DNA in fibroblasts (author's transl)]. AB - Fibroblasts grown from abdominal and vulvar skin from normal women were tested for their dihydrotestosterone binding activity. Fibroblasts from either source had 8S cytoplasmic dihydrotestosterone receptors as confirmed by sucrose gradient analysis and the concentration of dihydrotestosterone binding sites and the apparent dissociation constant were 21.6 +/- 1.1 fmoles/mg protein and 0.50 +/- 0.028 nM, respectively, for fibroblasts from abdominal skin and 35.9 +/- 1.7 fmoles/mg protein and 0.24 +/- 0.015 nM, respectively, for fibroblasts from vulvar skin. The dihydrotestosterone binding activity was greater in fibroblasts from vulvar skin than from abdominal skin (P less than 0.01). Fibroblasts formed dense monolayers were treated with various concentrations of dihydrotestosterone (10, 100, 1,000 ng/ml) for six days and were assessed for hormone effect. The production of proteins was elevated in fibroblasts from either source with a slightly greater hormonal response occurring in fibroblasts from vulvar skin than from abdominal skin. Collagen production was elevated significantly in fibroblasts from vulvar skin but only marginally in fibroblasts from abdominal skin. The synthesis of DNA was not affected in fibroblasts from either source. These results than response to dihydrotestosterone was greater in fibroblasts with a higher hormone binding activity may reflect the hormone effect being mediated through dihydrotestosterone receptors. PMID- 7240824 TI - [A study on the significance of bromocriptine (CB-154) administration in normoprolactinemic anovulatory women (author's transl)]. AB - The ovulation-inducing effect of bromocriptine (CB-154) and the underlying mechanism in the management of anovulatory infertility with normoprolactinemia were investigated. Thirty-seven normoprolactinemic women (anovulatory cycle, 11 cases; 1st grade amenorrhea, 18; and 2nd grade amenorrhea 8) with anovulia showing plasma prolactin levels of less than 25 ng/ml were give CB-154 daily in doses of 2.5 mh from the second day of menstruation or withdrawal bleeding (1) to assess the ovulatory induction rate, (2) to determine the serum PRL, LH, FSH and E2 levels before and during the drug administration, (3) to measure the serum PRL concentration by TRH test prior to CB-154 medication and (4) to assess size heterogeneity of serum PRL with the use of lyophilization. RESULTS: (1) Ovulation occurred in 21 of the 37 patients, of a total of 42 menstrual cycles studied, 33 were ovulatory, indicating a high rate of repeated success. (2) There was a significant decrease of serum PRL following administration of CB-154, and the finding was the same in the group of women with successful ovulatory induction. Serum LH, FSH and E2 levels did not show any significant change following CB-154 therapy. (3) Prl concentrations were suppressed more in cases of unsuccessful induction than those in successful induction. (4) PRL responses to TRH tended to be lower in cases of successful induction than those in unsuccessful cases. (5) The Little PRL content ratio decreased after administration of CB-154, and this data have suggested that not only the problem of immunologically measured serum PRL levels but the qualitative problems also bear relations to the effect of this hormone on the endocrinological environment. PMID- 7240826 TI - A study on radiosensitivity and prognostic factors of cervical adenocarcinoma. AB - Investigations were made, with the patient having uterine cervical adenocarcinoma of differentiated type, on the histological damage of tumor cells caused by irradiation, on the time course of the of the diminution of adenocarcinoma cells and on the reason why the prognosis of patients with adenocarcinoma is usually poorer than those with squamous cell carcinoma. The results obtained are as follows: 1. As to the histological picture of good irradiation effect, the damage of the nucleus, desquamation of adenocarcinoma cells from their bases and the decrease of the number of adenocarcinoma cells due to irradiation was markedly slower than that of squamous cell carcinoma. 3. As important factors affecting the prognosis of patients with adenocarcinoma, the method of treatments, clinical stage, the size of cervical tumor and the degree of histological invasion may be implicated. In particular, regardless to the method of treatments good prognosis may not be expected to the case which is at advanced clinical stage, has hypertrophy of the cervix cervix greater than 4.5 cm in diameter or deep ulcer formation or shows histological picture of severe infiltration. PMID- 7240825 TI - [Chemotherapy of yolk sac tumor heterotransplanted to nude mice (author's transl)]. AB - Chemotherapy of yolk sac tumor heterotransplanted to nude mice was studied. 1. Yolk sac tumor of the ovary taken from a 38-year -old woman was transplanted to BALB/c female nude mice. The transplantable tumor cells produce a solid tumor, designated as YST-1 tumor. The YST-1 tumor cells preserve the histological appearance of a human yolk sac tumor and produce x-fetoprotein. The tumors on passage 8 were used for experimental chemotherapy. 2. Anticancer drugs clinically known to be effective for ovarian cancer, such as Adriamycin, Carbazilquinone, 5 Fluorouracil, Cyclophosphamide, Mitomycin C, Chromomycin A3, Vinblastine and Bleomycin were administered intraperitoneally to tumor-bearing nude mice. Tumor size was measured two or three times a week during the course of experiments. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by tumor size and relative tumor size before and after experiments. Among these drugs, Vinblastine and Bleomycin combination showed the significant effect arresting the growth of YST-1 tumor. PMID- 7240827 TI - A case of adeno-squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina. AB - A 44 year-old woman with an adeno-squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina was presented. The patient didn't have a history of the intrauterine exposure to DES. This case might be a first published case report in the Japanese literature. The histogenesis of adeno-carcinoma component is discussed. PMID- 7240828 TI - Isolation and physicochemical properties of human chorionic gonadotropin of hydatidiform mole. AB - HCG of chorionic tissues of hydatidiform mole was purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The purified hCG has a molecular weight of 1.5x10(5). Three subunits of molecular weights 11,000, 17,000 and 31,000 were obtained after treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate and beta-mercaptoethanol. Amino acid analysis indicates a high content of Asp. and Glu., but a low content of Pro. Carbohydrate content is only 15.2%, and the amount of amino sugars and sialic acid are also comparatively low. The biologic activity of the purified hCG's of chorionic tissues is much lower than that from urine. PMID- 7240829 TI - Hetero-transplantation of human endometrial carcinoma into nude mouse. Effects of sex steroid hormones on morphological aspects of undifferentiated adenocarcinoma cells. AB - Seven cases of human endometrial carcinoma were transplanted into nude mice. Two of these cases, histologically classed as undifferentiated adenocarcinoma, were succeeded in the initial transplantation, but only 1, designated JEA-1, was established as serially transplanted tumor line in nude mice, which contained no estrogen and progesterone receptors assayed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. JEA-1 tumor cells transplanted serially maintained the morphological and the functional characteristics of the original human tumor. Consequently, the JEA-1 tumor line will be useful for the experimental model of cancer treatments and the analysis of sensitivity for sex steroid hormones. Effects of sex steroid hormones on JEA-1 tumor cells had been examined and the electron microscopic observation and in receptor level, alteration of the tumor tissue were found. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells which had been administrated estradiol and progesterone revealed various morphological changes resembling that of normal endometrial epithelium in the proliferative and the secretory phase, respectively. In addition, in the tumor tissue which had been administrated estradiol, the low, but positive, estrogen receptor sites were detectable. These findings may suggest that means of estradiol exposure will be able to induce the estrogen and progesterone receptors in endometrial carcinoma initially without these hormone receptors. PMID- 7240830 TI - [Pregnancy in adolescence in Japan: report of a committee on Obstetrical, Gynecological Pediatric and Adolescent Problems]. PMID- 7240832 TI - [Clinical observation of serous ferritin levels in obstetrics and gynecology- relation between maternal, fetal and neonatal sera (author's transl)]. AB - a. By the 2-site radioimmunoassay, maternal, umbilical and neonatal sera of human were measured. b. Non-heme iron contents of some organs of maternal, fetal and neonatal mice were analysed and each segment was measured. The results were as follows. 1) The serous ferritin levels of early, mid and late pregnancy were 34.1 +/- 19.0 ng/ml, 22.9 +/- 12.2 ng/ml and 19.4 +/- 11.7 ng/ml respectively in non anemic group, while 15.1 +/- 7.8 ng/ml, 10.2 +/- 6.7 ng/ml and 5.2 +/- 2.2 ng/ml in anemic group, both decreasing in the course of the pregnancy. 2) The serous ferritin levels of umbilical cords were significantly higher than those of mothers, and no relationship was found between them. According to the maternal serous ferritin levels, grouped into (a) less than 15 ng/ml, (b) over 15 ng/ml and less than 30 ng/ml, (c) more than 20 ng/ml, significant difference of umbilical serous ferritin levels was found between in (a) (b) and in (c). 3) Serous ferritin levels of neonate increased to peak on the 4th to 5th day after birth, as the serous bilirubin levels did. 4) Non-heme iron contents of some organs of pregnant mice varied a great deal, but the SII (containing the ferritin) segment increased in the course of pregnancy and during the puerperium. PMID- 7240831 TI - [Changes of the contraction of the circular and longitudinal muscles of pregnant rat myometrium during pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - The different reactions caused by 4 drugs (terbutaline sulphate, noradrenaline, PGF2 alpha and oxytocin) and Ca on the longitudinal and circular muscles of a pregnant rat myometrium as well as their electrical activity and the degree of their co-ordinated contractions during pregnancy were studied in vitro. The results were as follows; 1. The circular muscle showed plateau potential in the middle, but spike potential became dominant in the late stage. The longitudinal muscle, however, showed spike potential throughout. 2. Well co-ordinated contraction between 1) the neighboring longitudinal muscles, 2) the neighboring circular muscles, and 3) the longitudinal and circular muscles were evident in the late stage. 3. The circular muscle was stimulated by noradrenaline in the middle stage, but inhibited by it in the late stage, whereas the longitudinal muscle was inhibited throughout. 4. The circular muscle developed high sensitivity to terbutaline sulphate in the late stage, whereas the longitudinal muscle showed constant sensitivity throughout. 5. PGF2 alpha failed to cause contracture of the circular muscle in the late stage. 6. The high resistance of the circular muscle to low Ca in the middle stage weakened in the late stage, whereas the longitudinal muscle resistance was low in both stages. In conclusion, in the final stage of pregnancy, the action of the circular muscles resembles that of the longitudinal ones, however, the contracture of the circular muscles is difficult to notice. For the purpose of the expulsion of the uterine contents, the longitudinal muscle may play main role. While the longitudinal muscle is in the contracture state, the circular muscle may show repeated coordinated contractions, thereby assisting the expulsion of the contents. PMID- 7240833 TI - [Vaginal smears of malignant ovarian tumors: comparison with cervical canal, aspirate uterine corpus, ascites, imprint smears and cytomorphology of histological specimens (author's transl)]. AB - Vaginal smears of 21 patients with malignant ovarian tumors were examined. In 5 cases malignant cells were present: 1 mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, 2 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, 1 clear cell carcinoma, and 1 adenoid squamous cell carcinoma arising in a dermoid cyst. Cytomorphology of tumor cells in tissue specimens and imprint, ascites, aspirate uterine corpus, cervical canal and vaginal smears were examined. The ovarian malignant cells of the vaginal smears were grouped, round or oval with eccentric round or oval nuclei having a finely granular chromatin pattern regularly distributed, and with vesicular or vacuolated cytoplasm. Tumor diathesis appeared in 1 of 5 cases. Two post menopausal patients showed an increase of superficial cells in the maturation index. In the comparison of malignant cells taken from different locations, vaginal tumor cells were similar to those in ascites. Since ascites smears were reported to be useful for the diagnosis of some kinds of ovarian tumors, it was expected that vaginal smears might also have this potentiality. PMID- 7240835 TI - [Studies on host immunity in cervical cancer--alterations in nonspecific and specific immunity of tumor growth (author's transl)]. AB - There have been many studies on the cellular immune responses against human tumors using in vitro cytotoxicity tests, but information concerning specific cell-mediated immunity against human autologous tumors is scant because of technological difficulties. In this paper, peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with cervical cancer were tested by a microcytotoxicity assay for tumor specific immunity against autologous target cells of the primary cultures. Blocking serum activity was also examined. The following results were obtained: 1) In 37 cases of cervical cancer, mean cytotoxicity was 40.5% for patients in stage I, 28.4% in stage II amd 14.5% in stage III. 2) Mean cytotoxicity was significantly decreased in patients with regional lymph node metastasis (15.3%) compared with that in patients without regional lymph node metastasis (35.7%). 3) Mean serum blocking activity on cell-mediated cytotoxicity was increased in patients with regional lymph node metastasis (18.1%) compared with that in patients without regional lymph node metastasis (7.5%). 4) A significant correlation was found between specific and non-specific cell-mediated immunity (skin reactivity to DNCB and lymphocyte response to PHA). From the above results, it may be deduced that both specific and non-specific cell-mediated immunity decrease while serum blocking activity increases as the autologous tumor grows. PMID- 7240836 TI - [Determination of fetal sexes by ultrasonic tomography (author's transl)]. AB - A newly developed manipulation of ultrasonic tomography has been successfully applied for determining the fetal sexes, based on the findings obtained by preliminary studies on the neonatal pelvic and external genitalia. The results are as follows: 1) In neonates, distinct sex differences in length and shape of the anoperineogenital (APG) area were observed by two-dimensional ultrasonic tomography. Transverse tomography of superficial portion of APG gave different images of M for males and of F for females. Frontal tomography produced images of the scrotum and the major labia. 2) In fetuses, distinction in the M and F images of APG between the both sexes was constantly recognized on the 20th week or later. The images representing the triangle formed by the bilateral tuber-ossis ischii and the ventral end of the external genitalia was found quite useful in determining the sexes between the 15th and 20th week of gestation. 3) Determination of fetal sexes in 604 pregnancies (including 4 pairs of twins) between 23th and 39th week of gestation turned out correct in 99.8% of the cases as compared with the sexes after their deliveries. 4) Although feasibility of this method exceeded 50% of the cases of 18th week of gestation, the optimal term for the determination of fetal sexes was estimated between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation. PMID- 7240834 TI - [Metabolic regulation of amino acid during fetal development in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240837 TI - [Studies on laser surgery of erosio portionis (author's transl)]. AB - Seventy cases of erosio portionis were treated by the carbon dioxide laser beam and all cases were cured by the 6th week. The healing process was studied histologically and cytologically, and then therapeutic procedure was standardized. Histologically, the majority of lamina propria was vaporized by the laser beam. Below the vaporized surface area, a very superficial necrotic tissue could be seen. But the zone of necrosis was gradually thickened by stromal ischemic changes and the necrotic tissue was exfoliated by the 3rd week. After a complete removal of this lamina propria, a granulation tissue was formed and then the secondary stroma could be found. On the granulation tissue, reserve cell hyperplasia and consequently squamous metaplasia could be found in the 1st-4th week. Then, by the 6th week, normal squamous epithelium could be seen. Cytologically, the nuclei and cytoplasm of columnar epithelial cells were greatly elongated and thin immediately after laser surgery. Tissue repair cells and metaplastic cells were found 1st-4th week after laser surgery. For curing of erosio portionis, lamina propria must be removed by the lack of 3-4 mm peripheral and 6-7 mm central tissues forming a funnel shaped. PMID- 7240838 TI - [Influence of oocytes upon proliferation of cultured granulosa cells (author's transl)]. AB - Granulosa cells (G-C) collected from mature follicles of human and bovine ovaries were cultured with an oocyte from mature follicles of human, bovine and porcine ovaries to investigate the influence of the oocyte upon the proliferation of G-C as well as the differentiation of G-C. For this purpose, G-C were compared in mitotic index (MI) between those cultured with oocyte and without oocyte control at the fourth day of culture. 1) G-C cultured with an autogenous oocyte- A bovine oocyte cultured with bovine G-C increased in MI 2.8 times compared with the control. Human G-C cultured with a human oocyte also appeared to raise the MI 2.7 times compared with the control. 2) G-C culture with heterogeneous oocyte- Moreover, a porcine oocyte cultured with bovine G-C acted to increase the MI to 2.7 times that of the control. An addition of a porcine oocyte to human cultured G-C also almost doubled the MI as compared with that of the control. 3) Within 2 days after culture of G-C with an auto- or hetero-genetic oocyte from which the cumulus oophorous had been removed, the oocyte was surrounded by a dense mass of small type of G-C, which resembled follicular G-C morphologically and indicated a high value of MI. The cells on the periphery from the oocyte, however, were clearly enlarged differing from those close to the oocyte and began to resemble lutein cells as the culture days went on. 4) Instead of the oocyte, sterilized muscle, cartilage and bone tissues were cultured with the G-C as controls. However, no binding of G-C with these tissues were found as was verified between G-C and the oocyte. These results suggest that the oocyte may characteristically bind with G-C to accelerate the multiplication and inhibit the luteinization of G C. PMID- 7240839 TI - Biodynamics of the cervical dilatation in human labor. AB - We recorded the pressure between the fetus and birth canal (PFB) with small strain-gauge type pressure transducers in 37 cases of human labor and estimated expulsive activity for evaluation of the expulsive forces. Expulsive activity increased progressively in conjunction with cervical dilatation and markedly increased after rupture of the membranes. At less than 200 Hashimoto units of expulsive activity, the cervical canal could not be dilated and labor was prolonged in all periods of the first stage of labor. There were three types of modes of changes in the expulsive activities at three points on the cervical canal. These three types had different clinical characteristics of cervical dilatation during labor. New parameters such as the expulsive effort, efficiency index and resistance index of the uterine cervix, estimated together with the expulsive activity, were proposed in an attempt to evaluate the effect of expulsive forces on cervical dilatation. PMID- 7240842 TI - [A cytochemical study of acid-phosphatase activity in follicular granulosa cells of human ovaries (author's transl)]. AB - In order to clarify the nature and possible roles of lysosome-like granules observed electronmicroscopically in the granulosa cells of human preovulatory follicles, lysosomal activities in human preovulatory granulosa cells were investigated ultrastructurally by staining a marker enzyme acid phosphatase with modified Gomori technique. In the granulosa cells of follicles 10 approximately 15 mm in diameter, acid phosphatase reaction products were seen only in the Golgi apparatus. In follicles around 20 mm in diameter with extremely thin apical walls, granulosa cells with abundant nexuses and steroidogenic organelles (sER, large spherical mitochondria with tubular cristae and lipid-droplets), had many lysosome-like granules in the perinuclear regions and/or close to lipid droplets. Acid phosphatase reaction products were observed mainly in these granules, and infrequently in Golgi apparatus. These morphological results not only identify such granules as lysosomes, but also indicate that the granulosa cells are rich in the lysosomal activity. Possible roles of lysosomes in preovulatory granulosa cells deduced from the present results are as follows, 1) a role in steroidogenesis or in steroid-secretion, 2) an involvement in the ovulatory process with their proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 7240840 TI - Clinical study on the treatment of malignant ovarian tumor--particularly the clinical management of dysgerminoma and common epithelial carcinoma. AB - In the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Kurume University, I, 355 cases of ovarian neoplasma were treated from 1960 to 1979, and of these cases 336 belonged to the semimalignant group and the most malignant group of the Japanese Ovarian Committee (J.O.C.). These groups are substantially grouped together into the category of malignant tumor by J.O.C., but their 5-year survival rates are considerably different, i.e., 67.6% for the semimalignant group and 30.8% for the most malignant group. Particularly, since tumors of the semimalignant group often occur in young women who must retain their generative functions, they must be treated differentially from the group of adenocarcinoma which appears frequently in rather aged patients. The present paper describes the clinical management of dysgerminoma, the incidence of which is high in the semimalignant group, and common epithelial carcinoma, the incidence of which is high in the most malignant group. PMID- 7240841 TI - [Evaluation of ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar) as an anesthetic in cesarean operations]. PMID- 7240844 TI - [Analytical studies of HSG on cases of tuboplasty and their histopathological findings (author's transl)]. AB - Tubal shadows in HSG after the tuboplasty were analysed in relation to their histology, for the betterment of diagnosis of tubal factors and for the establishment of appropriate therapeutic indication in infertile clinics. 91 cases of tuboplasty were followed up more than one year postoperatively. One set of HSG consist of four films; immediately after injection of contrast medium 3-5 ml (1), additional 6-10 ml (2), their side snap (3) and 5 minutes after the end of injection (4). Tubal partial resection was performed in some of them for microscopic and SEM studies correlating with HSG figures. Passage recovery was observed more than one year, in 73 tubes (52.1%) out of 140, in 91 cases. Pregnancy was successfully brought about in 16 (17.6%). HSG with abnormal direction and shape in tubal shadows suggested adhesion, endometriosis or tumor in their corresponding portions. Abnormal morphology of tubal shadow was associated with histopathological changes in high occurrence rate. Posttuboplatic pregnant cases have indicated physiological range both in their postoperative HSG and in their histological changes. PMID- 7240843 TI - [A correlation between the histological parameters such as stromal reaction and cell-mediated immune-structure of the regional lymph nodes, and the delayed cutaneous hypersensitive reaction toward DNCB in cervical cancer (author's transl)]. AB - We have studied a correlation between the histological parameters such as stromal reaction to cervical cancer and cell-mediated immune response of the regional lymph nodes designated as lymphocyte depletion, unstimulated, and lymphocyte predominance pattern which were thought to reflect the cell-mediated immune reaction to cervical cancer and the DNCB skin reaction in 84 patients. 1) Group with DNCB skin reaction negative (20 cases): Eight showed no or only the slightest trace, 7 moderate degree, and 5 marked degree of the stromal reaction. The immune response of the regional lymph nodes were 4 of lymphocyte depletion, 6 of unstimulated and 10 of lymphocyte predominance pattern. 2) Group with DNCB skin reaction positive (64 cases): This group showed 7 cases with no or only the slightest trace, 30 cases with moderate degree and 27 cases with marked degree of the stromal reaction. In this group, 6 had the regional lymph nodes of lymphocyte depletion, 10 unstimulated and 48 lymphocyte predominance pattern. 3) There was a significant correlation between the DNCB skin reaction and the degree of stromal reaction (p less than 0.05), but no correlation between the DNCB skin reaction and the regional lymph node morphology was found in this study (p greater than 0.05). 4) The discrepancy between the stromal reaction, the lymph node morphology and the DNCB skin reaction was discussed in relation to the significance of these parameters. PMID- 7240845 TI - [Vaginal radical hysterectomy with and without systemic extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer. A report of 666 patients operated upon between the years 1957 and 1973 (author's transl)]. AB - The report presents 850 patients with cervical cancer operated with vaginal method 1957-1973. Vaginal radical hysterectomy and systemic extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy were done in 590 patients. A 5 year survival rate in Stage I was 90.4%, in Stage II 76.5%, and in Stage III 72.2%. The 10 survival rate for 462 patients were 86.1, 69.9 and 44.4% respectively. No operative mortality has occurred to date. The incidence of lymph node metastasis in stage I was 9.5%, in Stage II 25.9% and in Stage III 34.9%. The 5 year survival rate of the patients without lymph node metastasis was 88.2% and of those with lymph node metastasis 49.5%. Radical vaginal hysterectomy without the removal of regional lymph node were done in 76 patients. The 5 year survival rate was 86.8%. There was one postoperative death in this series. Vaginal hysterectomy were done in 184 patients. The 5 year survival rate was 92.4%. PMID- 7240846 TI - [Diagnosis of extension of cervical cancer by combined methods of 67Ga-computer scintigraphy, I.V.P. and lymphography (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnosis of extension of cervical cancer still depends mostly on subjective inspection and palpation and there is only a few objective methods to know the extent of invasion and metastasis of the cancer and the difficulty of surgical operation. To develop a new method, a combination of 67Ga-computer scintigraphy, I.V.P. and lymphography was evaluated in the diagnosis of parametrial infiltration and lymph metastasis in 84 cases of cervical cancer at the stage one to four. 67Ga-citrate is now the most efficient of oncotropic radioisotopes with a short half life. It was revealed that this isotope bounds to the protein with a molecular weight of about 70,000 daltons or more in the 105,000g supernatant of the cytoplasm of tumor cells. The 67Ga accumulation on scintigram was classified into five types according to the shape, extent and concentration, and in each type tissue specimens obtained by surgical operation were examined histologically. I.V.P. with reference to renogram was also used to know the extent of parametrial invasions of cancer in which cases the ureter was extremely distended. Lymphography was done by Kinmonth method. The extent of parametrial invasion was judged from findings of both 67Ga-scintigram and I.V.P., and metastasis was estimated by abnormal features of both 67Ga-scintigram and lymphogram. As a result of the above study on the combination of the three methods, the rate of correct diagnosis for parametrial infiltration was increased to 70.8% by combining the findings of I.V.P. to scintigram, and the rate for lymph metastasis was improved to 89.6% by combining lymphogram to scintigram. At the same time the rate of false negative diagnosis for each extension of the cancer could also be decreased. It might be concluded that this combined method has a large diagnostic significance. PMID- 7240847 TI - [Studies on entero hepatic circulation of urea nitrogen in pregnant rat (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the specific metabolism of the protein and amino acid during pregnancy from a standpoint of urea nitrogen recycling hydrolyzed by intestinal bacterial urease of pregnant rat. For this purpose, the activity of urease of the intestinal flora, and L-glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in liver mitochondria, the concentration of free ammonia and urea in the intestinal tract, portal vein and right ventricle of the rat were discussed. The results were: 1) The activity of urease moderately increased during pregnancy with the peak on 19th gestational day. 2) The concentration of free ammonia in the intestinal tract elevated slightly, and markedly elevated in portal vein, but seemed to be no specific change in right ventricle. The peak showed on 19th gestational day. 3) The activity of GDH increased markedly during pregnancy, and the protein synthesis was thought to be accelerated. 4) Urea concentration in intestinal tract and blood stream seemed somewhat increased. This results revealed that the urea recycling system and protein synthesis accelerated during pregnancy because of high urease and GDH activity. This phenomenon adapted the pregnant to nutrient of the fetus for growing and development, and introduced a new concept of maternal-fetal unit of nutrition, especially in protein metabolism. PMID- 7240848 TI - [Prediction of labor onset and difficulty by the multivariate analysis (author's transl)]. AB - Based on the multivariate analysis, we analysed the weekly change of the antepartum cervical ripe (consistency, effacement, dilatation, position) and the station, then predict the labor onset and difficulty retrospectively. 1) According to longterm observation of the internal examination of 210 primipara, in third trimester, the ripe type increased, and the unripe type decreased are found. Because of the intermediate type increased and unmovable in incidence relatively, so based on the former scoring method of mere addition of scores, it appears ineffective to predict the labor onset. 2) We studied primipara 385 and multipara 434 from 6 weeks before labor. Based on the multiple regression analysis, we could predict the labor onset. The predict value is higher in multipara than primipara, on the primipara, 78.2% antepartum 6 weeks, 82.2% 4 weeks, 92.6% 2 weeks, and on the multipara 84.6%, 82.2%, 96.2% respectively. 3) Based on the method of Mahalanobis' generalized distance, we could predict the labor difficulty in the primipara and multipara. Accuracy of abnormal prediction are 77.1% at 4 weeks formula, 77.2% at 2 weeks formula on primipara; 69.0%, 69.2% respectively on multipara. Accuracy of normal prediction 53.3%, 56.9% on primipara; 30.9% (4 weeks formula) on multipara are found. The abnormal prediction is better than the normal prediction. This method can early predict the labor onset and difficulty than the former scoring method of mere additional scores. PMID- 7240849 TI - [Concentration of progesterone receptor in human endometrium with normal menstrual cycle, endometriosis or endometrial carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - By means of dextran-coated charcoal assay, the capacity of various endometrial cytosol preparation for specific binding of 3H-progesterone was determined. After sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation progesterone-binding components with sedimentation coefficients of 8S and 5S were found. Especially, 8S binding component tended to be saturated and highly specific for progesterone. And its dissociation constant and studies of competition with various unlabeled steroids revealed no significant difference between normal and abnormal endometrium. This 8S receptor in normal endometrium with regular menstrual cycle revealed cyclic changes in functional layer. It was extremely high at late proliferative and early secretary phase, but in basal layer, it was low and revealed no cyclic changes. In endometriosis binding capacities of 8S receptors from the lesions were detected as almost same values, but in some lesions 8S receptors were not detected. In endometrial carcinoma it depended on the degree of differentiation of the tumor. It was high in well differentiated form, and low in undifferentiated form. On well differentiated carcinoma, it was decreased markedly with administration of much gestagen. The other 5S macromolecule was consisted of plasma corticosteroid-binding globulin (plasma CBG) and/or some CBG like component. PMID- 7240850 TI - [Immunological analyses on serum spermagglutinin in women (author's transl)]. AB - Several sperm agglutination tests have been described. We also had reported a method of Microscale sperm agglutination test (MAT) modified to Friberg procedure. The critical evaluation whether this test is based on immunologic or not was investigated in this study. Seven sera positive for MAT and 2 control sera were used as the materials. Four different chromatographic analyses were utilized. The following results were obtained. a) Study using Gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 showed the sperm agglutination was observed in only IgM-containing fraction and IgG-containing fractions. b) Study on two control sera failed to show the sperm agglutination in any fractions. c) Agglutinating activity was found to be almost paralleled to the concentrations of IgG as well as IgM. d) Relative activity of sperm agglutination was found being higher in IgM-containing fractions than in IgG-containing fractions. 3) Affinity chromatography and chromatography using DE-32 revealed that sperm agglutination was found in isolated IgG fraction. f) F(ab')2 fraction obtained by pepsin digestion on isolated IgG also showed the sperm agglutination but not in Fc fraction. As a conclusion, agglutinins detectable by Microscale agglutination test are most likely antibodies to the spermatozoa. PMID- 7240851 TI - Fetal activity determination and neosynephrine test for evaluation of fetal well being in high risk pregnancies. AB - At the special outpatient clinic for high risk pregnancies, a total of 197 patients were evaluated with fetal activity acceleration determination (FAD) as a non stress test. FAD was done on 197 patients, of these there were 8 fetal distress (4.7%) and 3 low Apgar scores (1 minute Apgar score less than 6) (1.8%) of 169 positive FAD, on the other hand, 14 fetal distress (50%) and 10 low Apgar scores (35.7%) of 28 negative FAD. Neosynephrine Test was performed in 62 cases as a stress test and the correlation between these two tests was evaluated. In 51 instances FAD was positive and the simultaneous Neosynephrine Test was normal. In 2 cases of negative FAD with positive Neosynephrine Test, there were 2 fetal distress (100%) and 2 low Apgar scores (100%). All the two tests are reliable for fetal evaluation in high risk pregnancies, because FAD and Neosynephrine Test are less time consuming and have fewer contraindications. It is concluded that the combination of these two tests are the most useful screening methods for fetal evaluation in high risk pregnancies. PMID- 7240852 TI - Fetal heart rate analyzing system using microcomputer (Tocoputer). PMID- 7240853 TI - [Effect of adrenaline, noradrenaline and acetylcholine on rabbit and human uterine activity in vivo (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of estrogen (abbr. as E), Estrogen + Progesterone (E + P) and autonomic nerve trophic drugs on uterus were investigated in rabbit and human in vivo and the following results were obtained. 1) Spontaneous contraction in cornu and cervix of E treated rabbit were stronger than in those during pregnancy or treated with E + P. 2) 10(-5) g/kg Adrenaline caused a uniform response pattern in cornu and cervix of E treated rabbit, and the pattern could be divided into three phases. Phase I is supposed to be the contraction response through the alpha receptor, and phase II is presumed as the response that comprises a part of element identical with alpha adrenergic response, while phase III is the relaxation response through the beta 2 receptor. 3) Acetylcholine (ACh) 10(-3) g/kg and Neostigmine 10(-5) g/kg caused augmentation of contraction both in cornu and cervix of rabbit, but this effect was blocked by Atropine, suggesting the presence of parasympathetic control in cornu and cervix. 4) In human corpus and cervix, Phenylephrine and ACh augmented contraction but Terbutaline had reducing contraction, showing the similar phenomenon found in rabbit. From this, it was proven that the similar autonomic nerve controls could be present both in rabbit and human. PMID- 7240854 TI - [Sites of androgen overproduction in the polycystic ovary (author's transl)]. AB - T elucidate the possible intraovarian site for androgen overproduction in the polycystic ovary (PCO), we investigated relative contribution of follicular and stromal compartments in steroidogenesis by in vitro experiments. The largest follicle and stoma were dissected from the PCO tissue obtained by wedge resection. A portion of each tissue was taken for histology and slices of each tissue were incubated with acetate-1-14C for 3 hours. Incorporation into progestins, androgens and estrogens was assessed by the reverse isotope dilution technique. Qualitatively, a predominant incorporation into androstenedione (76 88%) with little incorporation into estrogens (0.6-2.5%) was commonly observed in the follicle with marked hyperthecosis found in 3 typical PCOs, whereas a lesser incorporation into androstenedione (51-57%) with a slight increase into estrogens (6.4-14.6%) was verified in the follicles with mild hyperthecosis in 2 atypical PCOs. Quantitatively, actual incorporation into androstenedione was the greatest in the typical PCO follicles, followed by the atypical PCO follicles and the least or almost negligible in the stroma of PCOs. We concluded that atretic follicles rather than the stroma are principal sites of androgen overproduction by PCOs, and the androgenic capacity is related positively to the grade of hyperthecosis. PMID- 7240856 TI - [An ultrastructural study of capillaries of rabbit ovarian follicles during ovulatory process (author's transl)]. AB - The observations that perifollicular capillaries of the ovary become engorged with prominent edema in the theca interna and externa around the time of ovulation, suggest a preovulatory increase in permeability of perifollicular capillaries. In order to obtain an ultrastructural evidence for this increased capillary permeability, we examined the perifollicular capillaries in the theca interna by using mature rabbit ovaries at various time intervals after the hCG injection for induction of ovulation. We observed a capillary engorgement at 9, 10, 12 hours after the hCG injection, most prominent at 9 hours, and edema in the pericapillary space at 10, 12 hours. Pinocytotic vesicles were seen through the all stages of follicular development and they did not show any significant changes in their size, number and distribution. Fenestrations were observed at 0, 3, 4, 6 hours after the hCG injection, most frequent at 4 hours. Intercellular gaps (500 approximately 1,200 A) between two endothelial cells were demonstrated at 10, 12 hours, and thrombocytes in these gaps were also noticed. The present observations suggest that increased permeability of perifollicular capillaries just prior to ovulation were mainly due to the formation of gaps between the endothelial cells. PMID- 7240855 TI - [Dual action of prostaglandins in the regulation of HCG-induced ovulation in immature rats (author's transl)]. AB - With the aid of indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, the mechanism of action of prostaglandins on follicle rupture was studied. Mean number of ova shed following treatment of immature rats sequentially with PMS and hCG was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by simultaneous injection with increasing doses of indomethacin. The minimum effective dose to block ovulation completely was 90 micrograms. However, the anti-ovulatory action of the minimum effective dose at 0 h became progressively less potent as the time between hCG injection and indomethacin administration was increased. Another dose-dependent relationship was found 10 h after hCG injection, the closest time prior to the onset of ovulation, the minimum effective dose necessary to prevent ovulation was 8 times higher than at 0 h, suggesting that prostaglandins acted differently on ovulation in the later stage of the preovulatory process. It is concluded that prostaglandins may mediate the action of hCG on ovulation at least through two mechanisms. PMID- 7240857 TI - [Measurement of heat-stable alkaline phosphatase in pregnant woman's serum by an improved measuring method, and re-investigation of its clinical significance as a parameter of placental function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240859 TI - [Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti Diego b (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240858 TI - Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. AB - Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the left ovary occurring in a 21-year-old unmarried women was reported. This is a variety of granulosa cell tumor that is observed almost always in children and has a distinctive appearance. Histological patterns characteristic of this tumor are a relatively large follicles with thick walls and cavities, a disorderly mixture of granulosa and theca cells, a marked luteinization with lipid content, and a more malignant appearance with hyperchromatic and immature nuclei than in the adult forms. The prognosis, however, is said to be better than the latter. PMID- 7240860 TI - [A scanning electron microscope study of the fine angioarchitecture of "punctation" and "atypical vessels" (author's transl)]. AB - The present study was aimed to evaluate the correlation of histologic findings with colposcopic findings of "punctation" and "atypical vessels". The stereoscopic angioarchitectures of "punctation" and "atypical vessels" were observed clearly by scanning electron microscope, utilizing cast formation technique of blood vessels on hysterectomy specimens. Scanning electron microscopy revealed following characteristic findings. 1) The angioarchitecture of "punctation" is composed of three strata. (a) subepithelial capillary network, (b) capillaries rise into the stromal papillae from subepithelial capillary network. (c) stromal vessels ending in subepithelial capillary network. 2) Stratum (b) is observed as "punctation" on colposcopy. 3) Stratum (b) alterate morphologically as follows; hairpin-like capillaries correspond to "punctation" in inflammation, gathered & twisted hairpin-like capillaries in dysplasia, asparagus-like vessels in C.I.S., cauliflower-like vessels in early invasive cancer, respectively. 4) The mesh of stratum (a) become denser as the lesions advance, and in early invasive cancer, the destruction of stratum (a) begin to appear. 5) The branchings of stratum (c) increase as the lesions advance. 6) Chaotic angioarchitecture is observed in invasive cancer, with complete destruction of stratum (a). 7) The morphologic alteration of stratum (b) is the most remarkable in three strata. Colposcopically, these alterations of angioarchitecture are observed as follows; in "punctation", "red spot" become larger and irregularity increase both in size, shape and arrangement, as the lesions advance, in "atypical vessels", "vascular pattern" increase irregularity both in shape, caliber, continuation and arrangement. As a result, by analysing these scanning electron microscopic pictures and comparing them with their colpophotographs and histologic findings, it can be emphasized that, it might be possible to make histologic diagnosis merely by colposcopy. PMID- 7240861 TI - [Studies on iron metabolism and iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women- theoretical discussion on the relation between serum iron level and iron dose to be administrate, and clinical result after iron therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Animal and clinical studies were performed in order to establish a criterion for diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia and a standard dose of the intravenous iron treatment, based on properties of serum transferrin (Tr) in ironmetabolism during gestation. And the following results were obtained. 1) 59Fe-labelled large molecular colloid iron-solution (CSA-Fe) was injected in pregnant rats: the iron transferring to the fetuses originated from the mothers' serum iron isolated from CSA-Fe. 2) There was no difference of iron supplying abilities of Tr across to maternal and fetal tissues of rat, in anemia in the latter stage of gestation (A) and in non-pregnant iron-deficiency anemia (B), although there was significant difference in nature of Tr between rat and woman. 3) Tr of rat in A and in B: There was no difference in 59Fe-uptake into the rat reticulocytes from Tr between the two statuses. 4) In the clinical study, iron utilization rate was correlated with serum iron saturation rate both in A and B. 5) CSA-Fe was clinically given for A and B according to the original formulas, and utility of the formulas were confirmed. PMID- 7240862 TI - [Diagnostic colposcopy of adenocarcinoma of the cervix uteri (author's transl)]. AB - Although frequency rate of adenocarcinoma of the cervix is about 5% or over in cervical carcinoma, colposcopical studies of this lesion have never been reported systematically. We observed the colposcopic findings of 52 cervical adenocarcinoma cases. Resemblances in the findings between colposcopy of the lesion and hysteroscopy of corpus carcinoma were examined in order to confirm diagnosis. And the points differentiating the lesion from other lesion with similar findings were noted. In early cases, papillary findings (Cad), transformation-like findings (Tad), mixed findings, granulation-like findings (Gr), columnar epithelium (C) and atypical vessels (aV) were observed. The lesion tended to bleed and secrete mucus. Glomerulus and tendrilous vessels were seen in the papillaries, and roo-like, wastethread-like, tendrilous and corkscrew-like vessels outside the papillaries. In advanced cases, the lesions tended to necrotic mass and the surface collapsed. White epithelium, mosaic and punctation were not observed in the pure adenocarcinoma cases but were observed in some adeno-squamous carcinoma cases. These surface and capillary characteristics resembled the hysteroscopic findings of corpus carcinoma. The papillary findings resembled some squamous carcinoma findings, papilloma and columnar epithelium. We differentiated the lesion by color, luster, degree of alteration after application of acetic acid, shape of papillaries, nature of bleedings, secretion of mucus, formation of necrotic mass, surface degeneration and vessel types. PMID- 7240865 TI - [Fibrinolytic activity and effect of anti-fibrinolytic agents on the growth of cloned cell lines in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - Fibrinolytic activity and effect of anti-fibrinolytic agents on the growth of cloned cell lines derived from experimental uterine and ovarian adenocarcinomas in rat were studied in tissue culture. 1) All cloned cell lines derived from uterine (HTP/Cl and LTP/C3) and ovarian (ROT58/C3) adenocarcinomas produced plasminogen activator in vitro. 2) The plasminogen activator secreted by these cloned cell lines was immunologically distinct from human urokinase. 3) Colony forming rate of ROT58/C3 cells was inhibited by anti-fibrinolytic agents in dose dependent manner. However, t-AMCHA at low concentrations of 10 to 100 microgram/ml promoted the colony forming rate. 4) Human urokinase at concentration of 12 IU/ml enhanced the colony forming rate of ROT58/C3 cells, whereas 120 IU/ml suppressed it. 5) Culture medium with plasminogen-deprived fetal bovine serum suppressed the colony forming rate of ROT58/C3 cells. These results indicate that the growth of malignant tumor cells is influenced by coagulative and fibrinolytic system and anti-fibrinolytic agents are effective to the treatment of malignant tumors. PMID- 7240864 TI - [An ultrastructural study of capillary permeability of rabbit ovarian follicles during ovulation using carbon tracer (author's transl)]. AB - The observations that perifollicular capillaries of the ovary become engorged with prominent edema in the theca interna and externa around the time of ovulation, suggest a preovulatory increase in permeability of perifollicular capillaries. In previous study, we reported ultrastructural evidences which suggested the increased permeability of perifollicular capillaries just prior to ovulation. In this study, we further examined the perifollicular capillaries of rabbit ovary by using carbon particles as a tracer at various time intervals after the hCG injection for induction of ovulation. Pinocytotic vesicles exhibited no significant changes in size, number and distribution through all preovulatory stages. Carbon particles were not taken into them. Fenestrations were observed at 0,3,4,6 hrs after the hCG injection, most frequently at 4 hrs, but no carbon particles could penetrate them. Intercellular gaps between two adjacent endothelial cells began to be observed at 10 hrs after the hCG injection. Carbon particles passed through these gaps with staying inside the basement membrane (so-called intramural leaking). These observations indicated that the increased permeability of the perifollicular capillaries, just before ovulation, were due to intercellular gaps. PMID- 7240863 TI - [Serum hCG, hPL and progesterone levels in threatened abortions (author's transl)]. AB - Serum hCG, hPL and progesterone levels in women with early pregnancies were measured with radioimmunoassay, simultaneously diagnosed whether the fetus was viable or nonviable by real-time ultrasonography. According to the ultrasonographic diagnosis, combined with subjective or objective signs of abortion, patients were divided into three groups-normal pregnancies, threatened abortions and missed abortions. There was no significant difference between serum hCG levels in women with normal pregnancies and those in women with threatened abortions. Whereas, significant difference was observed about serum progesterone and hPL levels between those two groups, at 12 approximately 13 weeks of pregnancy. Abnormally low serum hCG, hPL and progesterone levels were observed in women with missed abortions. In 8 out of 11 cases of patients with missed abortions, serum hCG or hPL levels have been rising after the fetal death had been identified. Above results suggest that impairment of translocation of production site of progesterone could be a cause of clinical manifestations in threatened abortions, and that the synthesis and secretion of two protein hormones are still taking place in trophoblasts after the fetal death occurred. PMID- 7240866 TI - [Studies on the rheological characteristics of fetal blood (author's transl)]. AB - Viscosity of fetal and adult blood was measured and compared. The viscosity was measured with a Contraves viscometer at a low shear rate of 0.535 sec(-1). There was no significant difference in the mean value of viscosity between fetal and adult blood. The viscosity of the adult blood showed the time dependent change when measured at the constant shear rate, but fetal one showed no such change. The mixture of adult plasma and fetal red blood cells (hematocrit: 50%) showed the same rheological characteristics as that of adult. On the contrary the mixture of fetal plasma and adult red blood cells showed the rheological characteristics of fetal blood. When the adult blood was observed under microscope numerous rouleaux of red blood cells were observed. However fetal blood showed numerous dispersed red blood cells and only a few poor rouleaux of red blood cells. It was suggested that the rheological characteristics of fetal blood was due to the fetal plasma which contained lower concentrations of fibrinogen and globulin, and which prevented the red blood cells aggregating to form rouleaux. PMID- 7240867 TI - [A study of the treatment for intrauterine growth retardation (author's transl)]. AB - We studied about the effects of glucose and amino acid on the fetal weight gain for intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Twenty women were diagnosed as IUGR at 30 weeks of gestation. Nine patients were hospitalized and were given 500 ml 10% glucose and 200 ml 12% amino acid intravenously everyday until her delivery (treated group, T group). Other 11 were given no treatment (non-treated group, NT group). The biparietal diameter of the newborn infant in each group was not significantly different. But the birth weight was significantly different (P less than 0.001) between T group (2996 +/- 92 g, Mean +/- SE) and NT group (2490 +/- 65 g). At the gestational weeks in each delivery, the ratio of the discrepancy between the birth weight and the average to the standard deviation (SD) at that weeks were -0.42 +/- 0.20 SD and -1.51 +/- 0.13 SD respectively (P less than 0.001). For the evaluation of the effect of the treatment, the ratio to the estimated fetal weight at the time of IUGR diagnosed was compared with the ratio to the birth weight. T group indicated -1.21 +/- 0.72 SD to -0.42 +/- 0.61 SD (P less than 0.01). NT group indicated -0.55 +/- 0.45 SD to -1.44 +/- 0.24 SD (not significantly). These data suggest that the treatment were apparently effective in increasing the fetal weight. PMID- 7240871 TI - [Studies on the clinical significance of the placental implantation site and the change of placental volume by uterine contraction (author's transl)]. AB - Using ultrasonography, the influence of placental implantation site on the fetal position, duration of gestation, duration of labor, etc. was investigated on 321 patients in the 3rd trimester. Moreover, the change of placental volume in connection with the uterine contraction was also studied and the following results were obtained. 1) As for the placental implantation site, it was found on the posterior uterine wall in 139, on the anterior 97, right lateral 55, and on the left lateral in 30. 2) When the placenta was implanted at the uterine cornus, more fetuses were with breech presentation, and when it was found on the lateral site, the fetuses were with the position facing the placenta. 3) In multiparae, the gestational duration was longer when the placenta was implanted on the right side of uterus than on the left or anterior side. (p less than 0.05) 4) Placental implantation site had no relation with labor duration, fetal weight, placental weight, amount of haemorrhage during labor and cord-coiling. 5) During uterine contraction, the placental volume did not change when the pressure was 30 mmHg. During contraction, when the pressure was 50 mmHg, the placental volume became less by 30 cm3 than during interval. During interval, intraplacental blood volume wa 177 cm3. PMID- 7240868 TI - [A simple method for estimating the day of ovulation by basal body temperature chart (author's transl)]. AB - A new method for estimating the day of ovulation was assessed. The method is as follows; The range of hypothermic phase presumed 0.1 degrees C around mean basal body temperature of early 10 menstrual days. The day of ovulation was estimated by searching for the day which is followed by at least 4 consecutive days of rising temperature within the range of hypothermic phase. The accuracy of this method was assessed by comparing the basal body temperature and urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) peak day. The estimated day fell within 2 days during which the ovulation will occur most probably in 36 cycles (69%) and fell within 4 days around most expectable ovulation time in 46 cycles (88%). This result provide some insight into the limitation of the basal body temperature which is influenced by factors other than progesterone in determining the time of ovulation. But our simple objective method is useful in some cases than any other method determined by vague criteria. PMID- 7240870 TI - [Sensitization of lymphocyte to tumor extract detected by macrophage migration inhibition test(MIT) in patients with cervical cancer (author's transl)]. AB - In vitro cellular hypersensitivity to the tumor-associated antigens (TAA) in 30 patients with cervical cancer (12 cases with stage 1b and 18 cases with stage 11) was studied by the method of macrophage migration inhibition test (MIT). Tumor soluble extracts as antigen were obtained by sonication or 3M-KCL method. The results of MIF production was presented as a migration index (MI) by the following formula. (Formula: see text), The result of MI were as follows: 79.25 +/- 21.69 in patients with stage 1b, 79.50 +/- 14.65 with stage 11. A positive MI case (MIF positive) which was less than 75, was found in 8 cases (66.7%) with stage 1b and 5 cases (27.8%) with stage 11. Relationship between the result of MI and skin reactions were as follows: 75.83 +/- 17.30 in PPD positive (18 cases), 84.75 +/- 16.96 in PPD negative (12 cases); 78.70 +/- 18.24 in DNCB positive (20 cases), 84.75 +/- 16.96 in DNCB negative (10 cases); 77.93 +/- 15.79 in PHA positive (27 cases) and 97.33 +/- 24.79 in PHA negative (3 cases). The serial assay of MI were performed in 10 cases and MIF production disappeared within 6 weeks after curative operation in all cases. From these findings, the cellular immune response to autologous tumor extracts was found in this assay system. PMID- 7240872 TI - Cycle variation and distribution in the concentration of cytosol estrogen and progesterone receptors in the normal human uterus and myoma. AB - The concentrations of cytosol estrogen receptor (ERc) and cytosol progesterone receptor (PRc) in the human endometrium, myometrium, fallopian tube, cervix, and myoma obtained from 20 patients have been measured by the dextran-coated charcoal method using estradiol-17 beta and R5020. The concentration of ERc of the endometrium and fallopian tube were significantly higher in the first half of proliferative phase compared to the other periods of the cycle (P less than 0.02). Significantly higher concentrations of PRc of the endometrium, myometrium and fallopian tube were obtained in the second half of proliferative phase (P less than 0.01). The ERc of the myometrium and the cervix, and the PRc of the cervix did not show any significant difference in the concentration during the proliferative phase, but mean values of the proliferative phase were higher than those of the secretory phase (P less than 0.05). Similar cyclic variations of ERc and PRc throughout the menstrual cycle was observed in small myoma, less than 3 cm in diameter. The concentration of ERc of small myoma in the first half of proliferative phase was three times higher than that of normal myometrium (P less than 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the concentration of PRc. Dissociation constants of ERc and PRc in all the tissue examined were in the range of 10(-10) and 10(-9) M, respectively, and did not fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle. Results suggest that the endometrium, myometrium and fallopian tube are in a group and the cervix is different from them in terms of the pattern of variation in the concentration of ERc and PRc and the ratio of PRc to ERc (PRc/ERc) throughout the menstrual cycle. It is noteworthy that the PRc/ERc of small myoma was lower than normal myometrium, suggesting the possible relation to the pathological growth of myoma. PMID- 7240869 TI - [Studies on adenocarcinoma and mixed carcinoma of the uterine cervix (author's transl)]. AB - It is known that among the types of cervical cancers three are those which were usually called mixed cancers that indicate various transitional images between pure adenocarcinoma and pure epidermoid carcinoma. No definition for such cancer but mechanism of its histogenesis or its biological nature has been established. From this stand point of view I investigated the tissue and cytological specimens of 284 cases of cervical cancer, and obtained results as follow. 1) The number of tumors showing glandular structure, even if only to a very minor degree, accounted for 32.8% of all frank invasive cancers. On the other hand, tumors with positive mucous reaction made up 61.7%. 2) The frequency of positive mucous reaction increased in relation to the invasion depth. 3) It seems that mixed cancers are derived from three mechanisms--the acanthomatous change from pure adenocarcinoma, the collision of two types cancer and the bipotential differentiation of the same original cells. 4) It may be said that the detailed classification and investigation of cancer cells as observed in cytological specimens may serve to some extent as a clue to the estimation of glandular characteristics of cancer tissues. PMID- 7240873 TI - A follicular adenoma arising from the thyroid tissue of a benign cystic teratoma during pregnancy--lightmicroscopical, ultrastructural and endocrinological studies. AB - A rare case of follicular adenoma arising from the thyroid tissue of a benign cystic teratoma of the left ovary was described in a 28-year-old, 13 weeks pregnant woman. Histologically, the tumor showed pleomorphic adenomatous patterns; embryonal type, fetal type, simple type and oxyphil type. The final diagnosis of follicular adenoma was established by ultrastructural, immunohistological and endocrinological studies. The patient was successfully operated, delivered of a normal full term male infant and is now under a follow up study. PMID- 7240874 TI - Hybridoma producing monoclonal sperm immobilizing antibody to human seminal human plasma antigens. PMID- 7240875 TI - [Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology]. PMID- 7240877 TI - [Population problems and challenging studies for solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240876 TI - [Some words for primary health care in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240878 TI - [Pathophysiology of the hemodynamics in the pregnant and parturient women with regard to the blood fluidity and coagulatory properties (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240880 TI - [The influence of hyperprolactin state on ovarian functions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240879 TI - [The effect of maternal hemodynamic changes on the fetal-placental unit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240881 TI - [Prolactin secretory dynamics in fetus and its physiological significance]. PMID- 7240883 TI - [Recent advances in perinatal care (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240884 TI - [Advances of ultrasound diagnosis in obstetrics and gynecology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240882 TI - [Studies on the secretory mode of prolactin during pregnancy and puerperium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240885 TI - [Hepatitis B virus in obstetrics and gynecology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240886 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of endometriosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240887 TI - [Chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutics for the gynecologic cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240888 TI - [Studies on the hepatic inactivation of circulating catecholamines in patients with congestive heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240889 TI - [Various change of plasma lipoproteins in response to cholesterol load in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240891 TI - [A case report of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240890 TI - [The relationship between atherosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240893 TI - Intestinal obstruction. Abdominal ultrasonography for diagnosis of difficult cases. PMID- 7240892 TI - [Visual field impairment in primary hypothyroidism with pituitary enlargement: presentation of two cases and review of literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240895 TI - Mesenteric arterial thrombosis. A late complication following aortic repair. PMID- 7240894 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis. A review of timing and selection. PMID- 7240897 TI - Renovascular hypertension. Assessment of operative therapy. PMID- 7240896 TI - Renal evaluation. Renal functions following renal vein ligation. PMID- 7240898 TI - Intra-aortic balloon pump. Limited use for maximum effectiveness in cardiac surgery. PMID- 7240900 TI - Recurrent colon cancer. The surgical approach. PMID- 7240901 TI - Heat stroke and allied disorders. PMID- 7240899 TI - Villous duodenal adenoma. A less aggressive approach. PMID- 7240902 TI - Harmony vs. discord in marriage: a view of physicians' marriages. PMID- 7240903 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of a liver subcapsular hematoma. PMID- 7240904 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month: there is the rub! PMID- 7240905 TI - An assessment of neonatal mortality in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, 1977. PMID- 7240906 TI - Vasovasostomy: four year experience at Ochsner Medical Institutions. PMID- 7240908 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of American Burkitt's lymphoma. PMID- 7240909 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month: it's a steal. PMID- 7240907 TI - Pediatric symptomless middle ear problems: implications and detection. PMID- 7240910 TI - Visual evoked potentials and multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7240911 TI - Psychiatrists--physician first, specialists second. PMID- 7240912 TI - Changing patterns in the threats to health for Kentuckians 1900-1980. PMID- 7240913 TI - The evaluation of vertigo and the electronystagmogram. AB - A four-year experience in a Vestibular Clinic led the author to the unconventional opinion that the ENG does not often make a significant contribution in the routine evaluation of patients with vertigo or dizziness. A good history by the doctor is usually enough to make a diagnosis. Audiometry and office ice calorics are done routinely. More sophisticated tests are done if judged necessary. Around 10 per cent of the 300 consecutive cases seen at the clinic had no diagnosis. An ENG on these did not prove to be of help in a diagnosis or getting closer to one. This paper is an invitation to good clinical and synthetic judgement in days when more and more responsibility is delegated to sophisticated equipment. PMID- 7240914 TI - The management of the deviated nose. PMID- 7240915 TI - An anatomical study of the subhyoid bursa. PMID- 7240916 TI - The sphenoid sinus mucocoele. AB - Mucocoeles, mucopyocoeles and empyemas of the sphenoid sinus are rare, but potentially dangerous. Their occurrence is accompanied by a multitude of clinical symptoms and signs, which confuse the diagnosis and may lead to its mismanagement. The treatment of this condition is surgical and in its early states essentially simple. At Groote Schuur Hospital over a 6-year period (1972 1977) 6 patients with mucocoeles, mucopyocoeles or abscesses of the sphenoid sinuses have been seen. Their clinical presentation, radiological findings and surgical treatment are described and discussed. Correctly managed this condition should completely resolve; however, there is a mortality associated with delay or misdiagnosis. PMID- 7240917 TI - Nasal schwannoma. PMID- 7240918 TI - Eruption of a tooth into the nasal cavity due to osteomyelitis. PMID- 7240919 TI - Primary yolk sac carcinoma of the hard palate. A case report. PMID- 7240920 TI - Post-operative hypoglycaemia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. PMID- 7240921 TI - Emergency parotidectomy for expansile cavernous hemangioma. AB - A rare case of emergency parotidectomy in a boy of 12, necessitated by a sudden, rapid and marked increase in size of a parotid hemangioma is describe. The literature dealing with parotid hemangiomas in adults is reviewed; the number of cases reported is small. The histological differences and the natural history of parotid hemangioma in adults and in infants are described. The therapeutic approach is discussed. PMID- 7240922 TI - Swimming by laryngectomees. PMID- 7240923 TI - Why educational research fails! PMID- 7240924 TI - Characteristics of research on learning disabilities. PMID- 7240926 TI - Data storage and retrieval system for use in a learning disabilities diagnostic clinic. PMID- 7240925 TI - Assessment of the learning disabled and hyperactive child: an analysis and critique. PMID- 7240927 TI - Characteristics of children labeled and served as learning disabled in school systems affiliated with Child Service Demonstration Centers. PMID- 7240928 TI - Performance of students with auditory figure-ground disorders under conditions of unilateral and bilateral ear occlusion. PMID- 7240929 TI - Do too many cooks spoil the broth?: Evaluation of team placement and individual educational plans on enhancing the social competence of handicapped students. PMID- 7240931 TI - Sex differences in the perceptual, visual-motor, linguistic and concept-formation abilities of retarded readers? PMID- 7240930 TI - Learning set acquisition: problem solving strategies employed by reading disabled and normal children. PMID- 7240932 TI - A study of the relationship between speed of retrieval of verbal information and patterns of oral reading errors. PMID- 7240933 TI - Prepositional phrases, pronominalization, reflexivization, and relativization in the language of learning disabled college students. PMID- 7240935 TI - Developmental dyslexia and literary creativity: creativity in the area of deficit. PMID- 7240934 TI - Empirically derived subgroups of learning disabled readers: diagnostic characteristics. PMID- 7240937 TI - The efficiency of Myklebust's pupil rating scale for detecting reading and arithmetic difficulties. PMID- 7240936 TI - Concurrent and construct validity of the Slingerland screening tests for children with specific language disability. PMID- 7240938 TI - First grade norms, factor analysis and cross correlation for Conners, Davids, and Quay-Peterson behavior rating scales. PMID- 7240939 TI - Reducing training problems associated with visually and auditorily similar correspondences. PMID- 7240942 TI - Attentional dysfunction in poor readers. PMID- 7240941 TI - Social communication in learning disabled students: a pragmatic analysis. PMID- 7240943 TI - The role of interference in the verbal retention ability of learning disabled children. PMID- 7240940 TI - Effects of self-contained special class placement on intellectual functioning on learning disabled students. PMID- 7240944 TI - Hemispheric specialization in normal and disabled readers. PMID- 7240945 TI - Calcium flux antagonists: a new treatment for some patients with angina pectoris? PMID- 7240946 TI - Proximal control in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 7240947 TI - The use of methylene blue solution to test for leaks in gastric bypass operations for morbid obesity. PMID- 7240948 TI - Differential diagnosis of chest pain--with known coronary heart disease. PMID- 7240949 TI - Ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrostomy with fluoroscopic assistance. PMID- 7240951 TI - Acute leukemia masquerading as polymyalgia rheumatica. PMID- 7240950 TI - Eosinophilic pleural effusion in a patient with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. PMID- 7240952 TI - Diagnostic imperatives in internal medicine: the timely detection of treatable disease. Pulmonary diseases. PMID- 7240954 TI - Lipid composition of axolemma-enriched fractions from human brains. AB - The lipid composition was determined for axolemma-enriched fractions and myelin which were isolated via a preparation of purified myelinated axons. The myelin had a lipid composition which was compatible with that previously reported for myelin isolated by alternative procedures. The most dense axolemma-enriched fraction contained 25.3% cholesterol, 25.8% galactolipid (21.3% cerebrosides and 4.8% sulfatides), and 48.9% phospholipid. The major phospholipids were the ethanolamine phospholipid (19.8% of total lipid weight; 49.0% in the plasmalogen form) and choline phospholipids (18.7% of total lipid weight; 16.0% in the plasmalogen form) with lesser amounts of sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol also present; the ganglioside content was 13.9 micrograms of acetylneuraminic acid per mg protein. The less dense axolemma-enriched fraction had a lipid composition which was intermediate between that of myelin and the more dense axolemma-enriched fraction. On the average, less than 2.3% of the total protein in the axolemma-enriched fraction was myelin basic protein. Both axolemma-enriched fractions stained uniformly with Luxol fast blue and demonstrated specific saxitoxin-binding which was enriched 2- to 7-fold over that of the whole white matter homogenate from which the fractions were isolated. The choline and ethanolamine phospholipids in that most dense axolemma-enriched fractions contained a greater percentage of unsaturated fatty acids compared with the comparable phospholipids in myelin. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in these phospholipids of the axolemma-enriched fraction was not as great as that of human CNS synaptic plasma membranes. However, the chain length distribution of these phospholipid fatty acids was similar in myelin, synaptic plasma membrane, and the axolemma-enriched fraction. The distribution of aldehydes derived from the ethanolamine phospholipids of the more dense axolemma-enriched fraction closely resemble the distribution of the comparable aldehydes in the myelin fraction. The possible origin and function of the lipids in the axolemma-enriched fractions are discussed. PMID- 7240953 TI - Effect of bile duct ligation on bile acid metabolism in rats. AB - The effect of bile duct ligation on the quantitative and qualitative changes of bile acids in serum, liver, urine, and feces, and the concentration of cholesterol and phospholipids in serum and liver were examined in male rats. The concentration of bile acids in serum increased over 100-fold on day 5 but was lower than the 5-day level on days 10 and 15. The concentration in the liver also increased about 10-fold. beta-Muricholic acid predominantly increased but the secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid, decreased. The urinary excretion of bile acids increased to about 40 mg/day per rat on the first day of bile duct ligation but this increase was reduced on day 2 to about half and remained at that level until day 24. These values exceeded that of fecal bile acids, 12 mg/day per rat, before bile duct ligation. The amount of bile acid sulfates in the urine was as low as 1% of the total. The urinary non-sulfated bile acids consisted mainly of beta-muricholic acid (60%) and cholic acid (20%), while the sulfates contained a considerable amount of unidentified acidic substances (40%) in addition to cholic acid and beta-muricholic acid. The concentration of cholesterol and phospholipids in serum markedly increased on day 5 but declined gradually thereafter. The liver cholesterol concentration did not change but the phospholipid concentration decreased. Fecal sterols did not change in both the total amount and composition. These data indicated that daily synthesis of bile acids, especially beta-muricholic acid, was accelerated in bile duct-ligated rats. PMID- 7240955 TI - Heterogeneity of serum low density lipoproteins in normal human subjects. AB - Equilibrium density gradient ultracentrifugation of serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) from twelve healthy human subjects was used to separate six subfractions with mean density ranging from 1.0268 to 1.0597 g/ml. Mean corrected peak flotation rate (Sof) measured by analytic ultracentrifugation, and mean particle diameter determined by negative staining electron microscopy, both declined significantly with increasing density of the subfractions. Major differences in chemical composition of the subfractions were noted, including a significantly lower triglyceride content and higher ratio of cholesteryl ester to triglyceride in the middle fractions compared with those of highest and lowest density. Concentration of fraction 2 correlated positively with HDL (P less than 0.01) and negatively with VLDL (P less than 0.001); concentration of fraction 4 correlated negatively with HDL (P less than 0.05) and positively with VLDL (P less than 0.001) and IDL (P less than 0.01). LDL may thus include subspecies of differing structure and composition which might also have different metabolic and atherogenic roles. PMID- 7240956 TI - Mechanism of triglyceride accumulation in rat preadipocyte cultures exposed to very low density lipoprotein. AB - Cultured preadipocytes derived from the stromal-vascular fraction of adipose tissue have been shown to accumulate sufficient triglycerides to assume adipocyte morphology when exposed to high concentrations of very low density lipoprotein. Since these cells synthesize and secrete lipoprotein lipase it was of interest to determine whether the accumulation of intracellular triglyceride originated from the uptake of products of the lipase reaction or whether the cells were utilizing intact lipoprotein particles. Upon incubation of preadipocytes with very low density lipoprotein, the triglyceride disappeared from the medium and accumulated in the cells. This response was accentuated by the addition of heparin to the culture medium. Balance studies conducted in the presence of heparin demonstrated that the loss of medium triglyceride could account for the increase in cell stores. Quantitative studies demonstrated that the increase in cellular triglyceride was a result of the cellular uptake and reesterification of the fatty acids liberated from very low density lipoprotein triglycerides by the action of cellular lipoprotein lipase. The magnitude of the cellular response was dependent on the concentration of fetal bovine serum in the incubation medium and increased as the serum level decreased. Likewise, when albumin was substituted for the serum, increasing amounts of albumin decreased the cellular triglyceride accumulation. It was concluded that the presence of albumin in the culture medium modulated cellular triglyceride accumulation by 1) influencing the extent of triglyceride lipolysis and 2) by regulating the uptake of liberated fatty acid into the cells. Experiments using very low density lipoprotein containing radiolabeled triglyceride and cholesteryl esters demonstrated that the uptake of the very low density lipoprotein or the remnant particle produced by the action of lipase did not significantly contribute to the accumulation of triglyceride in the cells. PMID- 7240958 TI - Nutritional effects on blood lipid and HDL cholesterol concentrations in two subspecies of African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). AB - The African green monkey has previously been found to be a promising model for the study of atherosclerosis. We have compared the plasma and HDL cholesterol response to dietary manipulation in the two subspecies of African green monkeys (vervets and grivets) most often imported for biomedical research purposes. Twenty vervets and 20 grivets were fed, in succession, diets containing safflower oil, butter, or lard as the principal dietary fat at a level of 40% of calories. Ten animals of each subspecies were fed the diets without added cholesterol (control groups) and 10 were fed diets with either added crystalline cholesterol (safflower oil and butter diets) or egg yolk (lard diet) to raise the diet cholesterol level at least five-fold. The effect of the type of dietary fat was that total plasma cholesterol (TPC) and HDL cholesterol concentrations were lowest while the safflower oil diet was fed, were significantly higher when butter fat diets were fed, and were highest when the egg yolk-lard based diets were fed. In addition, a significant effect of the elevated level of dietary cholesterol, independent of the type of dietary fat, was seen: a statistically significant negative correlation between TPC and HDL cholesterol concentrations was induced. In contrast, a positive correlation between TPC and HDL cholesterol concentrations was found at the lower dietary cholesterol level. Thus, the different factors (type of fat versus cholesterol) influenced lipoprotein metabolism in distinct yet related ways. Although average values for both plasma and HDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the grivet subspecies than in the vervet subspecies, the data for both subspecies fit the same regression lines. This outcome suggested that the subspecies differed in the magnitude of response rather than in the mechanism of response. PMID- 7240957 TI - Cholesterol gallstone dissolution in bile: dissolution kinetics of crystalline (anhydrate and monohydrate) cholesterol with chenodeoxycholate, ursodeoxycholate, and their glycine and taurine conjugates. PMID- 7240959 TI - Effect of cholesterol feeding on apo B and apo E concentrations and distributions in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. AB - Lipoprotein profiles in experimental hypercholesterolemia were studied using euthyroid and hypothyroid cholesterol-fed rats. In both groups, serum cholesterol concentration increased, but to a lesser extent in the cholesterol-fed euthyroid rats, with similar changes in distribution among lipoprotein fractions in both groups. Agarose electrophoresis of plasma and individual lipoprotein fractions showed that beta-VLDL and HDLc were present in the hypothyroid, cholesterol-fed rats. In the euthyroid and hypothyroid cholesterol-fed rats, serum apo B concentrations increased three-fold and five-fold, respectively. This reflected increases of apo B in very low density and intermediate density lipoproteins. In the euthyroid cholesterol-fed rat, serum apo E decreased 50%, while the serum apo E concentration was not significantly changed in hypothyroid cholesterol-fed rats. In both the euthyroid and the hypothyroid cholesterol-fed rats, apo E decreased in high density lipoproteins and increased in lower density lipoproteins. We observed qualitative and quantitative differences between hypothyroid and euthyroid cholesterol-fed rats. The major qualitative differences were the appearance of beta migrating very low density lipoproteins (beta-VLDL) and HDLc in the hypothyroid cholesterol-fed rat, and a decrease of serum apo E concentrations in the euthyroid cholesterol-fed rats. Changes in serum cholesterol and apo B concentrations and the distribution of cholesterol, apo B, and apo E among the lipoprotein fractions were similar in direction in both groups, but greater in magnitude in the hypothyroid versus euthyroid cholesterol fed rats. These data demonstrate that hypothyroidism should be considered when evaluating apolipoprotein changes in hypercholesterolemic animal models. PMID- 7240960 TI - Metabolism of plasma triglycerides in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in man. AB - Studies on plasma triglycerides (TG) were performed in 10 nonobese and 16 obese patients with hypothyroidism and in 13 with hyperthyroidism. Nonobese, hypothyroid patients generally had normal levels of TG, but obese patients often had hypertriglyceridemia. In most hypothyroid patients 1-thyroxine treatment lowered plasma TG, and most hyperthyroid patients had low TG. One mechanism whereby thyroid hormones might decrease plasma TG could be to increase lipoprotein lipase (LPL). However, post-heparin LPL was not increased after therapy, nor was it increased in hyperthyroid patients. In contrast, hypothyroid patients had abnormally low levels of post-heparin hepatic triglyceride lipase. In hypothyroid patients without hypertriglyceridemia, clearance of chylomicrons was normal. A few obese, hypothyroid patients with fasting hypertriglyceridemia had low clearance of chylomicrons, which may have been due in part to competition for removal of excess endogenous TG. Thus, no evidence was obtained for a significant abnormality in chylomicron metabolism in hypothyroidism. Nonobese, hypothyroid patients had normal synthesis and clearance of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG. In contrast, VLDL-TG synthesis was increased in 8 obese, hypothyroid patients, and fractional clearance rates were relatively low compared to obese, euthyroid subjects. In striking contrast, hyperthyroid patients had remarkable facility in clearing VLDL-TG. Thus, TG metabolism is not grossly deranged in hypothyroidism, but thyroid hormones apparently can promote catabolism of VLDL. PMID- 7240961 TI - Cholesterol metabolism in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in man. AB - Studies were carried out on cholesterol metabolism in 11 nonobese patients and 16 obese patients with hypothyroidism and 13 with hyperthyroidism. The patients underwent several investigations under metabolic ward conditions. Hypothyroid patients usually had an increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. Several mechanisms may have combined to cause a high LDL. For instance, the obese hypothyroid patients had an increase in cholesterol synthesis. Absorption of cholesterol also was increased frequently. However, other mechanisms not explored in this study probably contributed to most of the fall in LDL-cholesterol. Treatment of hypothyroid patients produced the expected fall in LDL. One possible mechanism could be that thyroid hormones enhance the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids; this mechanism has been suggested by other workers from animal studies. However, no evidence was obtained in either hypothyroid or hyperthyroid patients that thyroid hormones alter synthesis of bile acids. On the other hand, the hormones appeared to increase the synthesis of cholesterol. Patients with hypothyroidism frequently had supersaturated bile. The cause was mostly an enhanced secretion of biliary cholesterol associated with a tendency to obesity and increased synthesis of cholesterol. In contrast, the usually thin hyperthyroid patients did not have supersaturated bile. The studies show that thyroid hormones a) influence LDL-cholesterol by an action on the catabolism of LDL-independent of alterations in synthesis, catabolism, absorption, or excretion: b) stimulate synthesis of cholesterol; and c) affect biliary lipid metabolism in large part by influencing energy balance and cholesterol synthesis. PMID- 7240962 TI - Evaluation of a high-performance liquid chromatography method for isolation and quantitation of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters. AB - A rapid method for the separation and quantitation of unesterified cholesterol and cholesteryl esters by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. All of the cholesteryl esters typically present in plasma were resolved on Zorbax ODS reversed-phase columns using a linear gradient of water (3%-0%) in acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran 65:35 (v/v) as eluting solvent. Results obtained by this method show good agreement with chemical and gas-liquid chromatographic methods for quantitation of cholesterol and determination of cholesteryl ester percentage compositions. High-performance liquid chromatography provides the only available method for the separation and quantitation of individual cholesteryl esters from lipid extracts of biological samples. PMID- 7240963 TI - Sterol synthesis : chemical synthesis of 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-cholest-7-ene-9 alpha-carbonitrile. AB - 3 beta-Hydroxy-5 alpha-cholest-7-ene-9 alpha-carbonitrile was obtained via hydrocyanation of 3 beta-acetoxy-5 alpha-cholest-8-en-7-one by diethylaluminum cyanide. The resulting 9 alpha-cyano-7-ketone was reduced with sodium borohydride to 7 alpha-hydroxy-compound. These compounds were characterized by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral measurements. PMID- 7240964 TI - A sensitive method for the determination of free fatty acids in plasma. AB - A sensitive micromethod for the colorimetric determination of free fatty acids (FFA) in plasma has been developed. FFA are extracted with chloroform-heptane methanol with silicic acid being added to eliminate interfering phospholipids. Diphenylcarbazide containing diphenylcarbazone has been chosen as color developing reagent, since the chromophore formed in the presence of FFA-Cu complex is stable and sensitive. Comparison of the proposed method and a non routine reference procedure involving, among other steps, isolation of FFA on thin-layer chromatography would indicate that the efficiency of extraction of FFA in the proposed method was 90% that of the reference procedure. The proposed method offers the sensitivity, convenience, and accuracy needed for the determination of FFA in situations where the size of sample available is limiting, as with small rodents. PMID- 7240965 TI - Molecular species of biliary phosphatidylcholines in gallstone patients: the influence of treatment with cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. AB - Molecular species of phosphatidylcholines were analyzed in hepatic and gallbladder bile obtained from six subjects with adenomyoma of the gallbladder (gallstone-free controls) and 27 gallstone patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Seven of the gallstone patients had been treated with cholic acid and seven with chenodeoxycholic acid for at least 8 weeks before operation. The two predominant species were 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl- and 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn glycerophosphocholines which together accounted for 75-80% of the total amount of phosphatidylcholines. Minor species were 1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-, 1-stearoyl 2-linoleoyl-, 1-oleoyl-2-linoleoyl-, and 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn glycerophosphocholines. Gallstone patients had a higher portion of the 1 palmitoyl-2-oleoyl species and a concomitant lower proportion of the 1-palmitoyl 2-linoleoyl species than gallstone-free subjects. The ratio between the two species was about 0.7 and 0.4, respectively, in the hepatic bile of the two groups of patients. Treatment with bile acids was associated with a normalization of the pattern of phosphatidylcholines. PMID- 7240966 TI - Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and biliary lipid composition in man: relation to cholesterol gallstone disease and effects of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid treatment. AB - The present work was undertaken in order to study whether or not there is a relation between hepatic HMG CoA reductase, hepatic cholesterol concentration, and biliary lipid composition. In 55 patients (10 with adenomyoma of the gallbladder wall, 45 with cholesterol gallstones) a liver biopsy together with gallbladder and hepatic bile were obtained at laparotomy under standardized conditions. Of the gallstone patients, twelve had been treated with cholic acid and ten with chenodeoxycholic acid in a dose of 15 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 6-8 weeks prior to operation. Hepatic bile was supersaturated with cholesterol both in cholesterol gallstone patients and in patients with gallbladder adenomyoma. Treatment with cholic acid reduced the cholesterol saturation of hepatic bile, although supersaturation persisted. During chenodeoxycholic acid treatment, hepatic bile became unsaturated in most of the patients. Hepatic cholesterol concentration was about 20% higher in patients with cholesterol gallstone disease than in gallstone-free controls. During treatment with cholic acid or chenodeoxycholic acid, hepatic cholesterol concentration was normalized. Microsomal HMG CoA reductase activity was similar in males and females with cholesterol gallstone disease and not different from that seen in the gallstone free controls. Treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid resulted in a 40% reduction of HMG CoA reductase activity. Cholic acid had no effect. In gallstone-free controls and in bile acid-treated but not in untreated gallstone patients, saturation of hepatic bile correlated with HMG CoA reductase activity. It is concluded that treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid but not with cholic acid results in unsaturated hepatic bile. This unsaturation may in part be explained by a decreased hepatic HMG CoA reductase activity. PMID- 7240967 TI - Platelet lipid composition and platelet aggregation in human liver disease. AB - Abnormal plasma lipoproteins in patients with liver disease are associated with an increase in erythrocyte cholesterol concentration and a raised erythrocyte cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio. We hypothesized that their platelets would also have an increased cholesterol/phospholipid ratio and that this might affect aggregation in vitro. Platelet aggregates by adrenaline and ADP was measured in 34 patients with a variety of liver diseases and in 20 normal subjects and the values were related to platelet lipid composition. The platelet cholesterol/phospholipid ratio was 13% higher in the patients and correlated closely with erythrocyte cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. Platelet aggregation was reduced in most of the patients and inversely correlated with the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. Cross-incubation and hemostasis studies indicated that there were no inhibitory factors present in the plasma; the defect was in the platelets. In contrast, other workers have shown that cholesterol-rich platelets, either from patients with Type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia or prepared in vitro, aggregate more readily than normal platelets. However, the phospholipid and fatty acid compositions of our patient platelets were also abnormal: the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio was increased and was inversely correlated with aggregation; the proportion of arachidonic acid was decreased and positively correlated with the aggregation. In our patients with liver diseases the effects of the altered phospholipid and fatty acid composition presumably overrode those of the increased cholesterol content so that instead of enhanced aggregation, only reduced or normal aggregation was seen. We conclude that the reduced platelet aggregation seen in liver disease may reflect a decrease in arachidonic acid availability for prostaglandin and/or thromboxane production. PMID- 7240968 TI - Sex differences in hepatic uptake of long chain fatty acids in single-pass perfused rat liver. AB - The primary determinants of hepatic uptake of long chain fatty acids have been considered to be the plasma concentrations of fatty acid and albumin, with little or no intrinsic control by the hepatocyte itself. However, recent studies of liver cell suspensions have shown that in immature, adult, castrated, and hormone treated rats, sex steroids exert striking effects on [(14)C]oleate uptake and utilization (which were significantly increased by estradiol and diminished by testosterone). To determine whether these observed sex differences in fatty acid uptake also were present in the intact liver, single-pass [(14)C]oleate uptake was measured in isolated perfused livers. Livers from sexually mature female and male rats were perfused single-pass with albumin-bound [(14)C]oleate in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer. Net uptake, calculated as the product of the transhepatic difference in (14)C-labeled fatty acid concentration and perfusate flow rate, reached a steady-state within 1 min and remained constant throughout the 10-min perfusion period. At 0.17 mM [(14)C]oleate and 0.15 mM albumin, extraction fraction and net uptake of [(14)C]oleate per gram liver were more than twice as great in females as in male livers (0.33 +/- 0.03 versus 0.15 +/- 0.02, P < 0.001; and 218 +/- 22 versus 101 +/- 15 nmol/g liver, P < 0.01, with parallel differences in [(14)C]oleate total utilization and incorporation into triglycerides. Significant differences in uptake also were observed at higher [(14)C]oleate concentrations (0.34 and 0.68 mM). Under all conditions, oxidation of [(14)C]oleate in female liver equaled or exceeded that in male liver, indicating that the increased incorporation into triglycerides and other glycerolipids was not simply the result of differences in the distribution of [(14)C]oleate among cellular metabolic pathways. These studies demonstrate that in the intact liver, as in isolated hepatocytes, there are profound sex differences in the uptake of long chain fatty acids. This difference may account in part for the observed sex steroid effects on hepatic triglyceride biosynthesis and VLDL production. The mechanism of these uptake differences remains to be determined.-Kushlan, M. C., J. L. Gollan, W-L. Ma, and R. K. Ockner. Sex differences in hepatic uptake of long chain fatty acids in single-pass perfused rat liver. PMID- 7240969 TI - Plasma lipoprotein changes resulting from immunologically blocked lipolysis. AB - The role of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the generation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) was investigated. Intravenous injections of high titer goat antiserum against highly purified chicken LPL into fasted roosters quantitatively blocks the removal of plasma VLDL triglyceride (1976. J. Lipid Res. 17: 498-505). Analyses of the chemical components of lipoproteins after 8 hr of LPL inhibition showed that the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration increased over 10-fold, while LDL and HDL concentrations decreased by 5-fold and 48%, respectively. LDL and HDL cholesterol levels decreased logarithmically over the 8-hr period, with half-lives of 2.4 and 6 hr, respectively. The composition of these lipoprotein fractions on a percent weight basis changed significantly. Experimental LDL contained 37% less phospholipid, 64% less cholesterol, and 2.3-fold more triglyceride than control LDL. Experimental HDL contained 3.1-fold more triglyceride and 50% less unesterified cholesterol than control HDL. The Stokes' radii of HDL were determined by gel filtration on Biogel A5M and Ultrogel AcA 22: the radius of experimental HDL (44.9 A) was smaller than that of control HDL (55.4 A). These measurements were confirmed by electron microscopy (43 and 54 A, respectively). After rate zonal ultracentrifugations of plasma samples, control LDL was clearly resolved, while no LDL could be detected in the experimental samples. Rate zonal ultracentrifugations of plasma samples also indicated that control HDL had a higher flotation rate than experimental HDL. Equilibrium zonal ultracentrifugation showed experimental HDL to be more dense than control HDL with hydrated densities of 1.118 and 1.113 g/ml, respectively. These experiments provide in vivo evidence that LDL is a direct metabolic product of VLDL and that LPL plays a role in the transfer of surface constituents from VLDL to HDL.-Behr, S. R., J. R. Patsch, T. Forte, and A. Bensadoun. Plasma lipoprotein changes resulting from immunologically blocked lipolysis. PMID- 7240970 TI - Cellularity of bovine adipose tissues: developmental changes from 15 to 65 percent mature weight. AB - Changes in the cellularity of various adipose tissues in growing cattle were analyzed. Fifty male cattle were slaughtered between 15 and 65% of mature weight. The whole adipose mass, separated by dissection, was divided into three parts: subcutaneous, intermuscular, and internal adipose tissues. Lipid content, cell size and distribution, as well as cell number of these three parts were determined. Adipose cells became 15 times greater from 15 to 65% mature weight, whereas total adipose cell number increased only 1.8-fold. However, a significant hyperplasia occurred near 45% mature weight. These results suggested a cell size regulation by hyperplasia. Over the whole period studied (15-65% mature weight), hyperplasia was far higher in subcutaneous adipose tissue than in other tissues. This is discussed as related to the higher relative growth of this tissue. In each fatty tissue, two identical development periods were observed. Each of them began by an increase in small-sized cells (hyperplasia) followed by the filling of these cells (hypertrophy). These two periods were particularly clear in the case of subcutaneous tissue, in which the second hyperplasia occurred slightly later than in other fatty tissues. So, in all respects, subcutaneous fatty tissue appears to develop later than other tissues studied. PMID- 7240971 TI - Comparative effects of cholic, chenodeoxycholic, and ursodeoxycholic acids on micellar solubilization and intestinal absorption of cholesterol. AB - Cholesterol absorption was studied in mice receiving cholic, chenodeoxycholic, or ursodeoxycholic acids (0.2% of the diet) for 2 months. Cholesterol absorption was greater with cholic acid (79%) than with chenodeoxycholic acid feeding (60%) and the lowest levels were observed during ursodeoxycholic acid feeding (37%). Under the three diets, bile acid pool and bile acid secretion were not different. Biliary cholesterol secretion was increased by cholic acid. The bile acid fed represents at least 80% of total bile acids. Micellar solubilization of oleic acid and cholesterol in the presence of each tauro-conjugated bile salt (10 mM) was determined in vitro by the coprecipitation method. Whatever the pH conditions, taurochenodeoxycholate solubilized significantly more cholesterol and more oleic acid than taurocholate. Tauroursodeoxycholate had the poorest detergent properties for both lipids. The differences between the three bile salts for cholesterol solubilization were enlarged by lowering pH and by high oleic acid concentration. Therefore the decrease in cholesterol absorption observed during ursodeoxycholic acid feeding could be explained by the poor detergent properties of this bile salt species. On the other hand, there is no relationship between the detergent properties of taurochenodeoxycholate and taurocholate and their effects on cholesterol absorption in mice. These results suggest that, in this particular case, micellar solubilization is not the rate limiting step in cholesterol absorption. PMID- 7240972 TI - Thin-layer and gas--liquid chromatographic identification of neutral steroids in human and rat feces. AB - Natural steroids from rat and human feces were fractionated by sequential thin layer chromatography (TLC) on Florisil, silica gel, and silver nitrate impregnated silica gel and analyzed by gas--liquid chromatography (GLC). Cholesterol, coprostanol, and coprostanone accounted for more than 95% of the endogenous neutral steroid in human feces, the remainder being predominantly cholestanol. In addition, evidence was obtained for the presence in human feces of trace amounts of epicoprostanol and cholestanone. In rat feces, several cholesterol precursors that probably originated in the skin (and were ingested during fur=licking) were detected in relatively large amounts, accounting for as much as 27% of the total fecal neutral steroids, whereas these steroids were quantitatively trivial in human feces. As with cholesterol, the major dietary plant sterols (sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol) were converted by intestinal bacteria to the corresponding coprostane and ketonic derivatives during intestinal transit in both human beings and rats. This combined use of TLC and GLC provided for the separation of steroids of endogenous and dietary origin that could not be resolved by either system alone. A majority of the fecal steroids could be tentatively identified by their chromatographic behavior in different TCL systems and on GLC, even when reference standards were unavailable. PMID- 7240973 TI - Origins of fecal neutral steroids in rats. AB - The origins of rat fecal neutral steroids were studied in male and female animals fed a sterol-free diet and maintained in an isotopic steady state. The specific activity of fecal cholesterol was found to be consistently lower than that of plasma cholesterol and of the fecal bile acids, indicating that a considerable portion of the fecal neutral steroids was derived from cholesterol not in equilibrium with the rapidly exchangeable pool of body cholesterol. This non exchanging fraction of neutral steroids was larger in male than in female rats; it appeared to have at least two origins: skin surface lipids licked off fur, and sterols newly synthesized by the intestinal mucosa and secreted into the gut lumen. When the ingestion of skin sterols rich in cholesterol precursors was minimized, the proportion of the non-exchanging fraction of fecal neutral sterols fell somewhat, but the output of cholesterol precursors dropped markedly. This suggests that a significant portion of the non-exchanging fecal cholesterol fraction originated in the intestinal wall by secretion. It can be concluded that the fecal neutral steroids of rats originate primarily from three sources: 1) de novo cholesterol synthesis by the intestinal mucosa, 2) ingested dietary, skin, and fecal sterols, and 3) a rapidly exchangeable cholesterol pool excreted through bile, the intestinal wall, or both. PMID- 7240974 TI - Preparation of thioester substrates and development of continuous spectrophotometric assays for phospholipase A1 and monoacylglycerol lipase. AB - Current assays of phospholipase A1 (EC 3.1.1.32) and monoacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.23) activities in tissues are discontinuous, laborious, and expensive. Some spectrophotometric substrates were synthesized to alleviate this problem. Thioester analogs of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. rac-1,2 S,O-didecanoyl-3-phosphocholine-1-mercapto-2,3-propanediol and rac-1,2-S,O didecanoyl-3-phosphoethanolamine-1-mercapto-2,3-propanediol, were synthesized from the diacylglycerol analog, rac-1,2-S,O--didecanoyl-1-mercapto-2,3 propanediol. The latter was prepared from triacylmercaptoglycerol by lipolysis and separation by chromatography on silica gel. Monoacylglycerol thioester analogs, 1-S-hexadecanoyl-1-mercapto-2,3-propanediol and 1-S-decanoyl-1-mercapto 2,3-propanediol, were synthesized by selective acylation of mercaptoglycerol. All of the substrates were hydrolyzed by Rhizopus delemar lipase to release sulfhydryl groups reactive towards 4,4'-dithiobispyridine. The hydrolysis could be followed continuously in a spectrophotomer with 0.1 absorbance unit corresponding to 5 nmol product. The structure and isomeric purity of the phospholipid analogs were verified by their behavior on thin-layer chromatography, elemental analyses, infrared spectra, and by the specificity of the colorimetric reaction with lipolytic enzymes. Whereas phospholipase A1 activity hydrolyzed both phospholipid analogs to release the theoretical amount of free thiol, neither phospolipases C nor A2 promoted thio release. The pH optimum, heat stability, and Ca2+ ion dependency were determined for the hydrolysis of each substrate by R. delemar lipase. The results indicate that the phospholipase A1 and monoacylglycerol lipase activities in R. delemar lipase are due to separate enzymes, and that these enzyme specific assays will be of general utility for enzyme characterization and purification studies. These substrates are useful for sensitive, convenient, and specific spectrophotometric assays for phospholipase A1 and monoacylglycerol lipase over the pH range 3 to 8. PMID- 7240975 TI - Hydrolysis of rat chylomicron acylglycerols: a kinetic model. AB - A quantitative model describing the kinetics of hydrolysis of rat chylomicron acylglycerols by bovine milk lipoprotein lipase has been developed using data from studies on rat lymph chylomicrons containing doubly labeled acylglycerols. The detailed analysis indicates that, in addition to hydrolysis from tri- to di-, di- to mono-, and monoacylglycerol to glycerol, and apparently direct hydrolysis pathway of tri- to monoacylglycerol is also present. This accounts for the transient accumulation of monoacylglycerol seen in some of the experiments. For most hydrolysis steps, a Michaelis-Menten mechanism adequately describes the rate of hydrolysis as a function of lipoprotein lipase concentration. A higher order, more complex mechanism, however, is necessary for the apparent tri- to monoacylglycerol hydrolysis pathway. A mathematical function that describes the way free fatty acid released can control the rates of hydrolysis, and how the presence of the binding sites for free fatty acid on albumin in the incubation medium can modulate this, in included. The model simultaneously satisfies the kinetics of hydrolysis for tri-, di-, and monoacylglycerol together with the kinetics of the glycerol and fatty acid moieties for a wide range of albumin and lipoprotein lipase concentrations. PMID- 7240976 TI - Analysis of lipoprotein apoproteins by SDS-gel filtration column chromatography. AB - Rat plasma, containing 125I-labeled triglyceride-rich lipoprotein, was mixed following lipid extraction with 10% SDS buffer and analyzed by gel filtration chromatography on columns using an elution buffer containing 1% SDS. Labeled apoproteins were separated into apo B, apo E, and apo C radioactivity peaks. Labeled peptides, tyrosine, and iodide were also resolved by this method. Isolated lipoprotein fractions were separated into the same components. The method offers the advantages of quantitative radioactivity recovery, large sample volume, and resolution of two apo B proteins. PMID- 7240977 TI - Metabolic heterogeneity of apolipoprotein B in the rat. AB - Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apoprotein catabolism was studied in rats from 5 to 60 min after intravenous injection of 125I-labeled lipoproteins. The plasma and liver labeled apoprotein content was analyzed by gel filtration column chromatography using an elution buffer containing 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. The method resolved two B apoproteins of lower (apo B1) and higher (apo Bh) molecular weight. Total apoprotein B disappeared from plasma faster than either apo E or apo C and the smaller sized apo B1 had the most rapid disappearance, with 90% being lost after 60 min. The larger sized apo Bh disappeared rapidly from the plasma in the first 15 min but between 15 and 60 min 40% of the apo Bh remained in the plasma, associated with low density lipoprotein. Apoprotein analysis of liver homogenates was consistent with the plasma results. There was 28% of apo B1 compared to 16% of apo Bh present in the liver 5 min after injection, expressed as percent of initial injected radioactivity in each fraction. Apo B1 and apo Bh were the predominant liver apoproteins up to 30 min but by 60 min there was little of either apo B in the liver. In contrast to apo B, there was a relatively constant amount of apo E and apo C, about 10%, associated with the liver over 60 min. Plasma apo E declined progressively to 68% and apo C to 86% of initial concentration by 60 min. These findings suggest that there is differential hepatic catabolism of a subpopulation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins containing apo B1. A population of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins containing apo Bh preferentially enters the low density lipoprotein pool with a slower catabolism. The results are consistent with an hypothesis that apo B1 mediates binding and rapid hepatic catabolism of its associated lipoproteins. Metabolic heterogeneity of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins may be explained by the molecular heterogeneity of apoprotein B. PMID- 7240978 TI - Regulation of bile acid synthesis. Measurement of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in rat liver microsomal preparations in the absence of endogenous cholesterol. AB - A rapid procedure was developed to measure hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase activity in the absence of endogenous microsomal cholesterol. This method involves the preparation of an acetone powder from the microsomal fraction of rat liver that retains its cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity and contains virtually no endogenous cholesterol. The enzyme activity is measured in the presence of labeled exogenous cholesterol as the only substrate source, and can be expressed in terms of picomoles of product formed when a simple isotope incorporation procedure is employed. Optimal assay conditions were determined and the reproducibility of the acetone powder cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase assay was established. A comparison of the proposed method with the previously used double isotope derivative procedure showed comparable enzyme activities in control rats and both methods exhibited an increase in the rate of hydroxylation after cholestyramine treatment and a decrease following cholic acid treatment. In contrast, the acetone powder assay did not show any change in cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase activity during cholesterol feeding. These findings suggest that bile acid feeding influences the amount of active cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase present in the liver whereas cholesterol feeding does not. PMID- 7240979 TI - The use of galactose oxidase in lipid labeling. AB - Galactose oxidase can be used to oxidize the terminal carbon atom of lipids containing galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine, and the resultant aldehyde group can be reduced back to the original carbinol with radioactive borohydride. The efficiency of the first reaction has been investigated systematically by using [6 3H]galactosyl ceramide as substrate and measuring the amount of radioactive water formed. This enabled us to establish that the addition of catalase and peroxidase greatly speeded the oxidation, that phosphate and PIPES buffers were the best among those tested, that the reaction continued for 24 hr without a second addition of galactose oxidase, and that the optimum concentration of organic solvent (tetrahydrofuran) was 50%. The suggestion if made that a similar set of variables be studied for each lipid or nonlipid by the same basic technique: labeling by the oxidase/borohydride method and use of the resultant compound as substrate. PMID- 7240981 TI - [Medico-surgical treatment of arteriopathies in intermittent claudication. Clinical basis]. PMID- 7240982 TI - [Medico-surgical treatment of arteriopathies intermittent claudication. Physiopathological basis]. PMID- 7240980 TI - Measurement of 5,8,11, 14-icosatetraynoic acid in plasma by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - A gas-liquid chromatography-flame ionization detection method is described for measuring plasma levels of eicosatetraynoic acid using eicosatriynoic acid as an internal standard. The technique is simple, rapid, and reproducible. Eicosatetraynoic acid and eicosatriynoic acid behave similarly in the extraction system chosen, yet can be easily resolved by gas-liquid chromatography. Under the conditions of our assay, most plasma fatty acids have a short retention time and are found near the solvent front, whereas, eicosatetraynoic acid and eicosatriynoic acid are retained for 6.9 and 3.75 minutes, respectively. PMID- 7240983 TI - [Critical evaluation of vasoactive and anticoagulant medication in stage II arteritis]. PMID- 7240984 TI - [Medico-surgical treatment of intermittent claudication. Direct arterial therapeutic surgery]. PMID- 7240985 TI - [Role of lumbar sympathectomy in the surgical treatment of chronic obliterative arteriopathy at stage II]. PMID- 7240986 TI - [New treatment of thrombosis of the central retinal vein. Early observations]. PMID- 7240987 TI - [Vascular investigation of impotence (author's transl)]. AB - Approximately 25% of patients with impotence have erectile dysfunction of vascular origin, which requires systematic investigation in patients under 60 years of age because of the possibility of surgical treatment. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings, confirmed by two tests that are simple to conduct in ambulatory patients, doppler and plethymography. Arteriography of the sexual organs enables precise definition of the lesions, and surgery is indicated when there is strong clinical evidence, no other cause for the lesions can be found, and operative correction appears possible. Many unknown factors still exist in relation to the physiopathology of impotence of valvular origin. Current-research is directed towards detection and possible treatment of disorders of venous origin. PMID- 7240988 TI - [Acute ischemic lesions in young women taking oral contraceptives. A report on 5 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Severe ischemic lesions were observed in 5 cases among women aged between 35 and 43 years taking the contraceptive pill over a period of 4 years. Three of these patients developed sudden severe ischemia of the lower limbs after the unrecognized appearance of intermittent claudication for periods of from 2 to 10 months, and amputation was necessary after various ineffective treatments. Recovery occurred in the two other patients, one of whom developed ischemia in the upper limb, the other in the lower limb, who were treated at an early stage. The young age of these women and the absence of atheroma were factors that suggested that the oral contraceptives, taken for periods of from 6 months to 4 years, were at least partially responsible for the lesions, and this hypothesis was supported by the discovery of anti-ethinyl estradiol antibodies in the serum. This was probably not the only causative factor, however, as all the patients were smokers. These cases demonstrate the danger of associating smoking with the taking of oral contraceptives, that the latter should be discontinued when signs suggestive of peripheral arterial insufficiency appear, and that urgent thrombectomy should be conducted in cases of severe ischemic lesions. PMID- 7240989 TI - [Heparin-induced thrombopenia. Vascular complications in six cases (author's transl)]. AB - The most frequent complication during heparin treatment is hemorrhage from overdosage. Heparin-induced thrombopenia is more rarely observed but is a more serious disorder. Six such cases are reported, of which three were complicated by gangrene of the limbs. Clinical findings are described, together with the methods of detecting the presence of heparin-induced antiplatelet antibodies. The affection becomes evident on the 9th day of treatment by the presence of a thrombopenia and accompanying clinical signs. These may be those of a hemorrhagic syndrome directly related to the thrombopenia, or manifestations of thrombotic lesions. The latter can cause worsening of the condition for which heparin was prescribed, arterial thrombosis of a large vessel, venous thromboses disappearing after interruption of heparin treatment, of distal thrombosis of the microcirculation with a rapidly irreversible onset of gangrene requiring amputation. The lesions are provoked by an immune mechanism and heparin has to be discontinued. PMID- 7240990 TI - [Direct aortopopliteal shunts. A report on 11 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Direct aortopopliteal shunts were carried out in 11 patients, either by primary operation when implantation into the deep femoral was assessed as being arteriographically or operatively dangerous, or as a secondary procedure following fracture of a unilateral or bilateral aortofemoral shunt operation. Permeability was restored for long periods in the majority of the cases, which suggests that results obtained by this type of shunt are very similar to those observed after reconstruction of the deep femoral. PMID- 7240992 TI - [Modifications in hemorheological parameters following acute medical emergencies (author's transl)]. AB - Various hemorheological parameters were studied in venous blood samples taken during the initial stages of acute medical emergencies in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. These included more particularly: cerebrovascular accidents, recent acute arterial or venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, acute renal failure, pregnancy toxemia and emergencies occurring during pregnancy or in the puerperium, coagulation disorders, gas embolism... The examinations conducted were:--measurement of apparent--blood viscosity (eta a) and plasma viscosity- platelet aggregate fixation after fixing in formalin according to the method described by Wu and Hoak--blood filterability through filters with pores 5 microns in diameter. The principal modifications observed, often correlated were raised blood and plasma viscosity, reduction in the aggregation index, and diminution in filterability. It should be noted that the increase in viscosity, constant in all groups, is significant at low shearing speeds in the thrombosis cases, and that this significance is present in nearly all the pathological groups with high shearing speeds. Variations in the aggregation index are very dispersed and of low significance. PMID- 7240991 TI - [Diagnosis value of Doppler signal. From the finger pulp (author's transl)]. AB - Receiving of Doppler signal from the pad is able to make complete the diagnosis of vascular acrosyndromes beside clinics, functional processes and above all capillaroscopy at the fingertip, conjunctiva and skin surface. There is not any signal in acrocyanosis, generalized sclerodermia, sharp's disease and chronical arteriopathy. There is a signal in P.A.N., dermatomyositis and L.E.D., likewise in primary form of Raynaud, in acroparestesias, in erythralgias... On the other and, in case of acrocyanosis mixed with Raynaud, the signal vanishes. PMID- 7240993 TI - [Carotid artery investigation by real time ultrasonic imaging (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrasonography examination enables vascular lesions in the main cervical arteries to be relatively easily recognized in patients with hemodynamic disturbances, but these changes are no longer present when the vascular anomalies are not functional. A non-invasive method for detailed visualization of the carotid axis was developed, by the use of rapid continuous ultrasonography. This can reveal the presence of unsuspected atheromatous plaques during the stage when prevention is still possible, and can complement certain investigations of doubtful value that had suggested that atheromatous plaques existed. PMID- 7240994 TI - [Pitfalls during ultrasonography investigation of the carotid arteries (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe the principal pitfalls and sources of error encountered during the application and interpretation of continuous ultrasonography examinations of the carotid artery. These include poor examination technique, limitations of the ultrasonography examination, and incorrect interpretation of results. The effects of these errors in relation to each segment of the carotid axis are discussed, and the importance of comparing the results obtained with those of palpation and auscultation of the cervical region is emphasized. The greatest difficulty is the certain recognition of a pathological signal from the internal carotid artery: acceleration, turbulence, absence of signal. This latter anomaly may be present both when there exists an occlusion of the internal carotid artery and a pseudo-occlusive stenosis of this artery. The difference is fundamental from the therapeutic point of view. Ultrasonography does not therefore replace arteriography but can assist the decision to undertake urgent or delayed operative therapy. PMID- 7240995 TI - [Contribution of different methods for vascular investigation of arteriography of the limbs. Examinations in ambulatory patients and use of the vascular laboratory (author's transl)]. AB - Various techniques are presently employed for noninvasive investigation of vascular function. The problem arises as the place of each method as a function of the medical surroundings and the pathological condition to be explored, and a multicentre survey was therefore conducted in 38 teams who were asked to define their activities. The most frequently used method is continuous ultrasonography (2 apparatuses per team), an 20 centres had available a mercury gauge plethysmograph. Lower limb resting pressure was measured in only 73% of centres, and an effort test conducted in 42%. Apart from medical staff, 58% of the teams included a laboratory technician, and 60.5% employed members of the nursing staff. The specialist (vascular surgeon, cardiologist...) is responsible for confirming the nature and effects of the vascular lesion, which requires the use of ultrasonography and distal pressure measurement. The laboratory for vascular exploration intervenes if surgery is contemplated or if diagnosis is not certain. Blood velocity and segment pressures are then determined. Effort and hyperemia tests can assist the decision to undertake reconstructive surgery. PMID- 7240997 TI - [A surgical treatment of post-phlebitic deep veins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7240996 TI - [Extrinsic compression of the popliteal artery (author's transl)]. AB - Popliteal artery compression may be due to trapping of the artery, a tumor, or a subadventricial cyst. Diagnosis is suggested by the discovery of ischemia in a subject who is often young, this being an unusual finding. It is confirmed by dynamic doppler tests, ultrasonography, and vascular opacification. Eight cases of trapped popliteal, three of osteochondroma, and seven cases due to cysts were observed. Surgical treatment is regularly effective and can prevent complications of embolism and acute thrombosis. PMID- 7240998 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in childhood malignancies. PMID- 7240999 TI - Non-surgical treatment of A-V malformation: a preliminary report on experience with percutaneous transcatheter arterial embolization. PMID- 7241000 TI - A study of the health status of school children in Chiang Mai province. PMID- 7241001 TI - Role of universities in research to support national health development its concept and philosophy. PMID- 7241002 TI - Pitfalls in diagnosis of congenital hypothyroid. PMID- 7241003 TI - Severe injury of viscera in cardiac resuscitation. PMID- 7241004 TI - Traumatic hemobilia. PMID- 7241005 TI - Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the penis: a case report. PMID- 7241007 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of myenteric plexus: a preliminary communication. PMID- 7241008 TI - Computerized reconstruction of the core of herpesvirus of turkey. PMID- 7241006 TI - The determination of absolute concentrations of elements in thin (0.1 micrometer) sections of biological tissue by x-ray microanalysis in the scanning electron microscope and calibration with monoenergetic alpha particle scattering techniques. PMID- 7241009 TI - Clasping structure in the double cone of the retina in vertebrates. PMID- 7241010 TI - Combined effects of neonatal thyroxine treatment and neonatal castration on sebum production in adult male rats. AB - Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were castrated within 24 h of birth and control animals were sham-operated. Intact female rats were also included for comparison. One-half of the rats in each group was treated with 28 micrograms thyroxine (t4) daily for the first week of life. The secretion rate of sebum was measured at the age of 80 days from the amount of skin-surface lipids that could be extracted with acetone and which had been produced during 2 days. Castration of rats at birth decreased the rate of sebum secretion and neonatal castration plus neonatal thyrotoxicosis produced an even lower level of sebum which more nearly approached that seen in female rats with neonatal T4 treatment. It was concluded that a reduction in the response of the sebaceous glands in adult rats made thyrotoxic with high doses of T4 in the early stage of life is not due to a decreased secretion of gonadal steroids. PMID- 7241012 TI - Variations in plasma concentrations of vasopressin during the menstrual cycle. AB - Plasma vasopressin concentrations, determined by radioimmunoassay, were followed throughout the menstrual cycle in eight healthy women. The concentrations were found to depend on the day of the menstrual cycle. The mean concentration on day 1 was 0.5 +/- 0.08 (S.E.M.) microunits/ml, while that on days 16-18 was 1.1 +/- 0.16 microunits/ml. These values were significantly (P less than 0.02) different. Vasopressin release in women may thus depend on the hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. PMID- 7241011 TI - Plasma levels of androstenedione, epitestosterone, testosterone and oestrogens in cows at parturition. AB - The concentration of total unconjugated oestrogens in the peripheral plasma of cows increased from 2.00 +/- 0.20 (S.E.M.) ng/ml 7 days before to 3.87 +/- 0.50 ng/ml 1 day before parturition and declined to values below 0.30 ng/ml on day 2 post partum. The concentrations of androstenedione, epitestosterone and testosterone remained approximately constant at 0.90 +/- 0.10, 0.92 +/- 0.08 and 0.40 +/- 0.20 ng/ml respectively during the last week of pregnancy. After parturition the concentration of the three androgens declined rapidly. Similar to data obtained in goats we did not find a marked increase in androgen levels in the peripheral blood of cows before parturition. PMID- 7241013 TI - Androgenic action of glucocorticoids on the granular ducts of mouse submandibular glands. AB - The administration of cortisol acetate and dexamethasone to castrated adrenalectomized mice increased the submandibular gland weight, the granular duct cell size of the gland and the number of androgen-dependent granules detected with the staining for tryptophan in the duct cell. These changes were not as pronounced as when testosterone propionate was given. Similar effects on the duct cells and an increase in androgen-dependent esteroprotease activity of the submandibular glands were observed in castrated mice, but not in mice with testicular feminization which are genetically deficient in androgen receptors. These results suggest that glucocorticoids exert a certain degree of androgenic action on the granular duct cell through androgen receptors when androgens are absent or deficient. PMID- 7241014 TI - Effect of bovine growth hormone and a partially pure preparation of somatomedin on various growth parameters in hypopituitary dwarf mice. AB - The growth-promoting effects of a partially purified preparation of somatomedin (12.7 units/mg) were compared with those of various doses of bovine GH (5, 20 and 80 micrograms/day) when injected into hypopituitary dwarf mice. Growth parameters studied were body-weight and tail-length velocities (calculated as the slope of a regression line fitted to daily measurements against time), uptake of 35SO4(2-) into costal cartilage in vivo and organ weights (heart, liver and kidney). In the first experiment somatomedin (6.4 units/day), bovine GH and 0.9% NaCl were injected once daily in a volume of 0.1 ml for 10 days. Treatment with bovine GH promoted a significant dose-dependent increase in body-weight and tail-length velocities and 35SO4(2-) uptake into costal cartilage in vivo. Somatomedin also promoted a significant increase in body-weight velocity and 35SO4(2-) uptake, both responses were between that observed with the lowest dose of bovine GH and control values. Somatomedin did not promote increase in tail-length velocity. Organ weights did not differ significantly between any of the treatment groups when expressed as mg/g body weight. In the second experiment somatomedin (a daily total of 21.6 units/day) and 0.9% NaCl were injected three times per day in a volume of 0.033 ml, bovine GH was again injected once daily in a volume of 0.1 ml, and the treatment period was 12 days. As in the first experiment all doses of bovine GH and somatomedin promoted a significant increase in body-weight velocity. These results are consistent with the somatomedin hypothesis. PMID- 7241015 TI - Conversion of [4-14C]progesterone to androstenedione in vitro by thecal tissue from the ovary of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). AB - The conversion of [4-14C]progesterone to androstenedione by thecal tissue homogenates from the large yellow follicles of the hen ovary was measured at two periods of the ovulatory cycle after incubation for 1 h in the presence of cofactors. Production of androstenedione by the largest follicle, F1, was reduced significantly 1-2 h before ovulation compared with 15 h before ovulation, whereas production of an unidentified androgen increased. These differences were not observed in the next largest follicles, F2 and F3. Thecal tissue homogenates from all the follicles converted [4-14C]progesterone to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and testosterone. PMID- 7241016 TI - Actions of catechol oestrogens on concentrations of serum luteinizing hormone in the adult castrated rat: various effects of 4-hydroxyoestradiol and 2 hydroxyoestradiol. AB - The pharmacological effect of 2-hydroxyoestradiol (2-OHE2) and 4-OHE2 on concentrations of LH in the chronically castrated rat have been compared with that of oestradiol in order to determine whether the in-vivo activity is altered by insertion of a hydroxyl group at position 2 or 4 of the aromatic A ring; these derivatives are naturally occurring oestrogen metabolites. Four groups of six adult male rats were used 4 weeks after bilateral orchidectomy. The right jugular vein was exposed under ether anaesthesia and a basal blood sample taken (10.00 h) immediately before an intravenous injection of vehicle alone (0.1 ml ethanol with 0.01% ascorbic acid), oestradiol, 2-OHE2 or 4-OHE2 (10 micrograms of each in 0.1 ml vehicle). Blood was taken from each animal at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h after treatment and serum assayed for LH. Baseline LH levels were similar in the four groups. At 2 h there was no change in 2-OHE2-treated rats but there was a significant decrease of serum levels of LH in rats treated with oestradiol and 4 OHE2 compared with vehicle-treated controls. The decrease in LH was quantitatively similar in oestradiol- and 4-OHE2-treated groups and was sustained at 4, 6 and 8 h, returning to control values at 24 h. In subsequent experiments the effects of lower doses of these two steroids were compared and the potency of 4-OHE2 was estimated to be about 25% that of oestradiol. In a further experiment, 2-OHE2 (100 micrograms) had no effect when given alone, but when injected i.v. immediately before treatment with 1 microgram oestradiol, it was able to inhibit the suppression of LH by oestradiol. In conclusion, 4-OHE2 had a potent effect in lowering plasma LH levels whereas 2-OHE2, even at a high dose (100 micrograms), did not suppress LH but it was able to inhibit the effect of oestradiol. These differences in biological activity may reflect more rapid metabolism of 2-OHE2 or differences in binding properties of these catechol oestrogens to the oestrogen receptor. PMID- 7241017 TI - Maintenance of secretion of calcium and magnesium during infusions of parathyroid hormone to lactating goats. AB - Hourly secretion of calcium and magnesium by goat mammary glands was studied following infusions of bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) into the mammary artery in amounts (6-15 ng/kg per min) giving rise to levels of PTH in mammary venous blood commonly observed during spontaneous hypocalcaemia (2.4-13 micrograms/l). In two series of experiments a 3 h infusion of PTH was given. The first series was carried out at a normal level of plasma calcium, while the availability of calcium was increased by a 20 h infusion of CaCl2 in the other series. No changes in mammary secretion of calcium or magnesium could be observed during the hormone infusions. A decrease in the urinary excretion of calcium occurred, thus demonstrating the activity of the infused PTH. In a third experiment an 18.5 h infusion of PTH (6 ng/kg per min) into the mammary artery was given to study possible effects of a more prolonged increase of PTH concentrations. This infusion caused a gradual increase in plasma levels of calcium. Average concentrations of calcium in milk increased slightly (about 5%) in both glands (P less than 0.05). The hourly yield of milk was not significantly changed in the infused gland after 18.5 h of PTH infusion. A small but significant increase occurred in the non-infused gland. Yields of magnesium were not influenced by the infusion of PTH. It was concluded that losses of calcium into milk are independent of the PTH concentration in the circulation. PMID- 7241018 TI - Binding of glucocorticosteroids to hepatic erythropoietic cells of the rat fetus. AB - A role for glucocorticosteroids in the evolution of the fetal liver erythron in vivo has been proposed. If direct, such an intervention implies the presence of receptor sites in the cells of the erythroid cell lines. To test this hypothesis cell suspensions were prepared from liver haematopoietic tissue obtained from rat fetuses aged 13, 14, 17 and 20 days. Their composition was determined by light microscopy. The populations consisted essentially of cells of the erythroid line: juvenile cell types (progenitor and basophilic cells) predominated in tissue collected at 13 and 14 days of gestation, more mature types (polychromatic and acidophilic cells) became more abundant at 17 and 20 days of gestation. Suppressible binding of glucocorticosteroid at 4 degrees C was studied on these suspensions, using [3H]dexamethasone. Binding sites were found at all stages of gestation studied. The mean number per cell (for the entire erythroid population) was roughly 3600, 3500, 2300 and 1700 at 13, 14, 17 and 20 days of gestation respectively, without any change in the apparent equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd:5.5 X 10(-9) to 6.5 X 10(-9) mol/l). Suspensions containing essentially progenitor cells were prepared from erythropoietic cells from livers obtained at 14 and 16 days of gestation, using a rabbit immune serum against rat erythrocytes in the presence of an excess of complement. These cells had 1800 and 1600 receptor sites per cell respectively (same Kd as above). No receptors were found on circulating adult or fetal erythrocytes. The results strongly suggest that there is an uneven distribution of the number of the glucocorticosteroid binding sites per cell amongst the different cell types of the erythroid line. These sites were present in progenitors, increased in number in the basophilic cells and then progressively disappeared as the cells matured. PMID- 7241019 TI - Progress in oestrogen research. Proceedings of a symposium held at the Institute of Education, London on 25 November 1980. PMID- 7241020 TI - Oestrogenic stimulation of uterine growth: relation to oestrogen receptor binding and the stimulation of nuclear type II oestradiol binding sites. PMID- 7241021 TI - Oestrogen production in early pregnancy. PMID- 7241022 TI - Multiple sclerosis in the Orkney and Shetland Islands. I: Epidemiology, clinical factors, and methodology. AB - An epidemiological and clinical study of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Orkney and Shetland Islands showed that the prevalence rate of the disease is the highest in the world (309 and 184/100 000, respectively). The clinical entity, MS, is similar to that found in other parts of the world, except that optic neuritis not followed by MS is rare. Analysis of death certificates indicated that MS has probably occurred at the same rate in these islands for nearly a century. Although the incidence of MS is high, the incidence rate has remained constant over time. A rapidly increasing prevalence of MS has occurred in Orkney, with a more modest increase in Shetland, over the past 20 years, which is largely due to an increase in survival. Demographic factors, case ascertainment, and emigration have contributed little to the increasing prevalence of MS in these islands. PMID- 7241024 TI - Multiple sclerosis in the Orkney and Shetland Islands. IV: Viral antibody titres and viral infections. AB - A controlled serologic survey of antibody titres to 17 viruses was undertaken in multiple sclerosis patients in the Orkney and Shetland Islands. No consistent pattern of elevated antibody titre levels or the presence of antibody was noted in patients compared with two control groups. Because of the isolation of these islands, the mean age at acquisition of common childhood infections, including measles, was considerably older than that of inhabitants of Europe and the United States of America. The age of occurrence of varicella was consistently younger in patients than in controls. Of note is the fact that six patients had measles after the onset of MS. This study failed to incriminate any of the viruses tested in the aetiology of MS. PMID- 7241023 TI - Multiple sclerosis in the Orkney and Shetland Islands. II: The search for an exogenous aetiology. AB - In Orkney and Shetland, a survey of lifetime events was undertaken in multiple sclerosis patients and two control groups to define shared exposure to an exogenous agent or environmental insult. Analyses of demographic factors, diet, social class and occupation, housing and environment, animal exposure, schooling, travel, infectious disease, and medical history disclosed a remarkable similarity in responses between patients and controls for a majority of questions. However, differences were noted for sanitation, place of residence at onset, and animal exposure. The data give additional support for an exogenous aetiology of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7241025 TI - Multiple sclerosis in the Orkney and Shetland Islands. V: The effect on viral titres of histocompatibility determinants. AB - HLA phenotypes were correlated with serum antibody titres to eight viruses in patients with multiple sclerosis and two matched control groups in the Orkney Islands. In patients, no specific HLA antigen was associated wtih increased or decreased viral titres. However, HLA-B7 was significantly correlated with higher measles titres in healthy controls. Furthermore, controls who had the HLA haplotypes, B7, DW2 ad B-cell 4, demonstrated significantly higher antibody titres to measles and rubella than controls without these determinants (P less than 0.005). To determine the effect of age, sex, and other variables upon viral titres, regression analysis was undertaken. A significant proportion of measles titre variance in patients was explained by sex and clinical factors. Among normal controls, HLA determinants explained a significant amount of measles and rubella titre variance. These data suggest that viral titres in normal individuals are influenced by certain HLA antigens and give indirect evidence that another, as yet undefined, determinant in the histocompatibility complex governs the immune response. PMID- 7241026 TI - Multiple sclerosis in the Orkney and Shetland Islands. VI: The effects of migration and social structure. PMID- 7241027 TI - The quality of diabetic care in a London health district. AB - In order to assess the quality of care in a community-wide sample of diabetic patients, a study was performed on 217 such patients identified in three group practices in an east London health district. Only 46% of the patients were currently attending a hospital. In the two years before review, 64% of patients had had their blood pressure recorded and 59% had had retinal examinations. Levels of glycosylated haemoglobin were significantly higher in patients on insulin than in those on oral regimes (P = 0.0004). The mean level of glycosylated haemoglobin was higher in patients from Social Classes III, IV, and V than in patients from Social Classes I and II (P = 0.005), but there was no difference in level between those patients attending hospital and those attending their general practitioners after accounting for differences in these two populations (P = 0.19). Over 50% of all diabetic patients in this study had levels of glycosylated haemoglobin which may indicate vulnerability to microvascular disease. PMID- 7241028 TI - A quantitative approach to perceived health status: a validation study. AB - The current recognition of the importance of perceived health status as a predictor of need for, and utilisation of, health services has led to attempts to produce indicators which assess subjective rather than objective health problems. The development of the Nottingham Health Profile is described, together with a study which tested the validity of the instrument on four groups of elderly people differing in health status. The results showed that the profile was capable of discriminating between groups differing in terms of diagnosed chronic illness, number of consultations at primary care level, and physiological fitness. Age, sex, and marital status were not significant overall in affecting scores. In these elderly subjects, perceived health status accorded well with objective health status. Further tests of the profile are now taking place on younger groups of subjects. PMID- 7241030 TI - Somatotype, physical growth, and sexual maturation in young male smokers. AB - One thousand school boys aged 8 to 16 were examined for their somatotype, physical growth, sexual maturation, and smoking habits. Fifty-two boys were found to be smokers, of whom 30 were regularly smoking between two and 20 bidis or cigarettes a day for a mean duration of 2.5 years. The mean height and weight of the smokers was significantly lower than that of the non-smokers at all ages, more so in regular than occasional smokers. Sixty-nine per cent of the smokers had mesomorphic type of body build; about 65% of the non-smokers had ectomorphic somatotype (P less than 0.001). Onset of puberty occurred significantly earlier among smokers compared with non-smokers, as was evident from the early appearance of genital stage 2, and an early and rapid increase in testicular size. Genital stage 2 appeared at a mean age of 11 years in smokers and 11.6 years in non smokers. However, the appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair was delayed. The possible significance of this is discussed. PMID- 7241029 TI - Determinants of short stature in normal children at the age of two years: a case control study in a community in Jerusalem. AB - Differences were analysed between growth patterns and determinants of physical growth in two groups of normal infants at 24 months. Longitudinal data routinely collected in a mother and child clinic were analysed. At 24 months, 26% of cohort infants were at or below the 10th percentile for length (= 'small' infants); 98 of these were compared with 83 'medium' infants (between the 50th and the 75th percentile, for example). Excessive downward deviation of length percentiles was seen in 80% of 'small' infants. In 20% their birthweight was on the 10th percentile or below; 50% had a mother less than 155 cm tall; maternal stature was closely linked with socioeconomic factors. Of mothers with less than nine years of schooling, 70% had 'small' infants. In 95% of both groups growth attainment at two years could be predicted from data at 12 months. The known factors influencing deviant physical growth overlap with those of mental and social development. Growth deviation by itself may identify infants open to multiple risks, especially if their mothers have a low educational level. Further narrowing of the target group for specialised intervention strategies should be attempted. PMID- 7241031 TI - Prescribed medicines: who takes what? AB - The number of prescribed medicines dispensed in England and Wales increased by 21% between 1969 and 1977. Surveys carried out at the Institute for Social Studies in Medical Care have been used to compare the reported consumption of prescribed medicines in those two years. Although there were some changes in the distribution of prescribed medicines between age, sex, and social class groups, there did not appear to be an increase in the use of these medicines commensurate with the increase in the number dispensed. It is suggested that a growing proportion of people may be deciding not to take their medicines as instructed. PMID- 7241032 TI - Validation of sources of pertussis immunisation data. AB - In this paper we describe the validation of three sources of immunisation data in a study of whooping cough in West Glamorgan. The least reliable source was that of the general practitioners and the best was that of the parents, but the area health authority source should be used in future studies provided that sufficient time is allowed for the relevant information to reach the computer. PMID- 7241033 TI - Mortality and two indicators of morbidity. PMID- 7241034 TI - Choice between food and heroin: effects of morphine, naloxone, and secobarbital. AB - Baboons responded on a choice task on which discrete trials involved choosing between an intravenous injection of heroin (.32 or 1.0 mg/kg) or the availability of food pellets. An intertrial interval of three hours followed the completion of each trial. Under baseline conditions baboons consistently completed the eight available trials each day. Typically, animals chose heroin on three or four trials a day and food on the remaining trials. Animals tended to space the selection of heroin rather than choosing heroin on consecutive trials. A series of single-day experimental manipulations was undertaken to characterize performance further. Manipulation of the heroin dose produced shifts in the relative frequency of choosing the drug option which were inversely related to dose. Manipulation of number of pellets per food trial produced little change in distribution of choices. Noncontingent administration of morphine produced dose related decreases in relative frequency of heroin choices, and a higher dose decreased the number of trials completed. Noncontingent naloxone produced dose related increases in the relative frequency of heroin choices. Noncontingent secobarbital had no effect on distribution of choices, and high doses reduced the number of trials completed per day. The results suggest that morphine and naloxone produce shifts in this choice behavior by selectively interacting with the reinforcing properties of the option involving heroin. PMID- 7241035 TI - Effects of diazepam on schedule-controlled and schedule-induced behavior under signaled and unsignaled shock. AB - Schedule-controlled lever pressing and schedule-induced licking were studied in rats under a multiple fixed-interval fixed-interval schedule of food reinforcement upon which was superimposed a multiple variable-time variable-time schedule of electric-shock delivery. Shocks were signaled in one component of the multiple schedule and unsignaled in the other. The effects of diazepam upon the suppression of behavior during the signal (conditioned suppression) and during signaled and unsignaled shock (differential suppression) were studied under several shock intensities (Experiment 1) and at increased body weight (Experiment 2). In each study, diazepam led to dose-dependent increases in the rate of pressing and licking during signaled and unsignaled shock, but had little effect on conditioned suppression. the rate-enhancing effects of diazepam depended upon the intensity of shock, nature of the response, and whether or not shocks were signaled. The data was discussed in terms of (1) implications for understanding the effects of signaled and unsignaled shock on behavior, (2) the effects of diazepam on behavior suppressed by response-independent shock, and (3) comparison between operant and schedule-induced behavior. PMID- 7241036 TI - Relationship between response rate and reinforcement frequency in variable interval schedules: III. The effect of d-amphetamine. AB - Four rats were exposed to variable-interval schedules specifying a range of different reinforcement frequencies. The effects of two doses of d-amphetamine (1.6 and 3.2 mumol/kg) upon performance maintained under each schedule were examined. In the case of each rat, the response rates observed under control conditions (no injection or injection of the vehicle alone) were increasing, negatively accelerated functions of reinforcement frequency, the data conforming closely to Herrnstein's (1970) equation. In each rat, d-amphetamine (3.2 mumol/kg) significantly reduced the value of the constant Rmax, which expresses the theoretical maximum response rate. In each rat, the value of KH, which expresses the reinforcement frequency needed to obtain the half-maximal response rate, was also reduced, although this only achieved statistical significance in the case of one rat. When the proportional change in response rate in the presence of the drug was plotted against the response rate under control conditions on double logarithmic co-ordinates, linear functions of negative slope were obtained; in each rat the slope was steeper and the value of the control response rate at which d-amphetamine exerted no effect was lower in the case of the higher dose (3.2 mumol/kg) than in the case of the lower dose (1.6 mumol/kg). PMID- 7241037 TI - Hindlimb muscular activity, kinetics and kinematics of cats jumping to their maximum achievable heights. AB - Cats were trained to jump from a force platform to their maximum achievable heights. Vertical ground reaction forces developed by individual hindlimbs showed that the propulsion phase consists of two epochs. During the initial "preparatory phase' the cat can traverse many different paths. Irrespective of the path traversed, however, the cat always attains the same position, velocity and momentum at the end of this phase. Starting from this dynamic state the cat during the subsequent "launching phase' (about 150 ms long) generates significant propulsion as its hindlimbs develop force with identical, stereotypic profiles. Cinematographic data, electromyographic data, and computed torques about the hip, knee and ankle joints indicate that during the jump proximal extensor musculature is activated before distal musculature. During terminal experiments when the hindlimb was set at positions corresponding to those in the jump, isometric torques produced by tetanic stimulation of groups of extensor and flexor muscles were compared with computed torques developed by the same cat during previous jumps. These comparisons suggest that extensor muscles of the hindlimb are fully activated during the maximal vertical jump. PMID- 7241040 TI - The operating microscope. V. Maintenance and cleaning. PMID- 7241038 TI - Hemodynamics after microsurgical anastomosis: the effects of topical lidocaine. AB - The hemodynamics in the femoral arteries of 30 rats were measured with a 20-MHz pulsed Doppler velocity meter (PUDVM) in an attempt to define the changes resulting from anastomosis and to assess the effects of 1% lidocaine on those changes. Control values were obtained, the arteries were severed and anastomosed, and either physiologic saline or 1% lidocaine was applied topically to the vessels in a randomized blind study. Velocity measurements, derivations of vessel lumen diameters, and calculations of blood flow then were made with the velocity meter at intervals of 1,2,3,5, and 10 minutes after the addition of the experimental fluid. The measurements obtained indicated that calculated blood flow through the anastomoses was reduced 36% at the 10-minute interval in the group treated with physiologic saline but only 5% in the group treated with 1% lidocaine. These results demonstrate that microsurgical anastomosis adversely effects normal hemodynamic variables, but these effects are minimized by the application of a bolus of 1% lidocaine, a topical vasodilator. These results also suggest that the 20-MHz PUDVM has sufficient resolution and sensitivity to provide the measurements of blood velocity necessary for reproducible calculations of blood flow distal to a microsurgical anastomosis in small vessels. PMID- 7241039 TI - Transcutaneous PO2 monitoring for assessing viability and predicting survival of skin flaps: experimental and clinical correlations. AB - Rectangular skin flaps based on the right superficial epigastric vessels were designed on the groins of 36 rats. Preoperative control, intraoperative, and postoperative readings of oxygen tension (PO2) were made at proximal, central, and distal sites on the flaps with a transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) monitor under various conditions of oxygen inspiration. The results of this experimental work indicated that the tcPO2 monitor was useful in continuously and rapidly measuring changes in oxygen concentration in skin flaps in a noninvasive fashion. The monitoring demonstrated that the response time of the flaps to changes in the concentration of inspired oxygen was rapid (less than 15 seconds). The monitoring also was valuable in assessing viability of the flaps, in predicting flap survival, and in detecting any systemic factors influencing oxygen transport, such as pneumonia. As a result of the experimental series, tcPO2 monitoring was used clinically to evaluate 18 flaps in 16 patients. As in the experimental series, the clinical measurements were significant and reproducible. They demonstrated that the tcPO2 monitor provides safe, reliable monitoring of peripheral oxygenation in the microcirculation that is rapid, continuous, and totally noninvasive. It is concluded that simultaneous tcPO2 measurements at control and flap sites provides a continuous record of the status of a flap that can improve the postoperative management of the surgical patient. PMID- 7241042 TI - Long-term results with autogenous microvascular grafts in various experimental models in rats. AB - Autogenous arterial and venous grafts were used to bridge defects in the femoral arteries, aortas, and renal arteries of 40 Wistar rats in an effort to determine the feasibility of using such grafts in the treatment of renovascular hypertension. The long-term results indicated that arterial grafts would be the most suitable in such a situation, but further study is needed before the technique can be applied clinically. PMID- 7241041 TI - Microsurgical urology: a silicone cover to protect the ureter from induced retroperitoneal fibrosis in rats. AB - Retroperitoneal fibrosis was induced in 30 rats by placing a paraffin pellet containing 5 mg of phenol-mandelic acid behind the left ureter. In an additional 15 rats, the left urinary tract was transposed into a silicone sheath before the pellet of phenol-mandelic acid was placed behind the ureter in an attempt to protect the urinary tract from retroperitoneal fibrosis. In all 30 animals without the sheath, hydronephrosis of the left side occurred, and in the 15 animals with the sheath, lateral and anterior displacement of the left tract occurred, but function was not impaired. It is concluded that the silicone-sheath technique may represent a new therapeutic approach to retroperitoneal fibrosis. PMID- 7241043 TI - Reduced vascular trauma after temporary occlusion with modified Biemer and Yasargil clips. AB - The Biemer and Yasargil microvascular clips that are currently available commercially can traumatize the vascular endothelium. In an effort to resolve this problem, both clip designs were structurally modified by changing the length, width, and surface of the clip blades in various ways. Also, the occlusion force of the clips was set at either 15 or 30 g. Studies on the carotid arteries of 140 rats showed a correlation between the structural and mechanical alterations of the clips and the degree of endothelial trauma produced by temporary occlusion for 1 hour. The most favorable results were obtained with a Biemer clip that had long, wide, smooth blades and an occluding force of 15 g. PMID- 7241044 TI - Handling properties and thrombogenicity of microsutures. AB - The thrombogenicity and handling properties of 1 polypropylene and 2 polyamide 10 0 microsuture materials were evaluated in a paired comparative study in rats. Using a sequential analysis method with significance limits corresponding to 2 alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.05, it was found that the handling properties of Supramide (polyamide) sutures were better than those of Prolene (polypropylene), and that the handling properties of Prolene did not differ from those of Nylon (polyamide). Also using a sequential analysis method with significant limits corresponding to 2 alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.02, it was found that thrombogenicity of Prolene was significantly less than the thrombogenicity of Supramide and Nylon. It is concluded that Prolene is the microsuture of choice among the three materials tested. PMID- 7241045 TI - A lower trapezius myocutaneous free flap in facial reconstruction: a case report. PMID- 7241046 TI - Experimental arterial aneurysms:modification of the production technique. AB - Vein pouches obtained from the external jugular vein were used to create experimental aneurysms on the carotid arteries of 13 rabbits and the abdominal aortas of 18 rabbits. Eighteen of these vein pouch aneurysms were grafted onto a linear incision in the artery; 13 of the aneurysms were grafted onto an elliptical incision. In 4 of the rabbits in which the vein pouch was grafted onto an elliptical arteriotomy in the carotid, a new approach for producing an intracranial aneurysm was attempted by relocating the aneurysm segment to the subarachnoid space at the cranial vertex. The results indicate that the aneurysms grafted onto an elliptical arteriotomy had a higher patency rate than the aneurysms grafted onto a linear arteriotomy in both the aortic and carotid models. Also, the attempt to produce an intracranial model demonstrated that short-term patency of the aneurysms could be achieved and that a two-stage approach to creating such aneurysms would be more appropriate than a one-stage approach. PMID- 7241049 TI - Interaction of the legionnaires' disease bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) with human phagocytes. II. Antibody promotes binding of L. pneumophila to monocytes but does not inhibit intracellular multiplication. AB - In an accompanying paper (13), we reported that human polymorphonuclear leukocytes kill only a limited proportion (0.5 log) of an inoculum of Legionella pneumophila (Philadelphia 1 strain) in the presence of human anti-L. pneumophila antibody and complement. We now report on the effect of anti-L. pneumophila antibody on L. pneumophila-monocyte interaction. The studies were carried out under antibiotic-free conditions. Monocytes bind more than three times as many viable L. pneumophila bacteria in the presence of both antibody and complement than in the presence of complement alone. Monocytes requires both antibody and complement to kill any L. pneumophila: however, even then, monocytes kill only a limited proportion (0.25 log) of an inoculum. The surviving bacteria multiply several logs in the monocytes and multiply as rapidly as when the bacteria enter monocytes in the absence of antibody. These findings suggest that humoral immunity may not be an effective host defense against L. pneumophila. Consequently, a vaccine that resulted only in antibody production against the Legionnaires' disease bacterium may not be efficacious. PMID- 7241047 TI - Human complement in the arachidonic acid transformation pathway in platelets. AB - Arachidonate-mediated release of 14C serotonin and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) is significantly enhanced in the presence of complement. Only purified complement components C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9 are required for this reactivity. No known activating mechanism of the classical or alternative pathway is required, nor is C3. In the absence of exogenously added complement, platelet membrane-bound complement components play an essential role in modulating arachidonate-mediated serotonin release. Incubation of platelet membranes with arachidonate and C5--C9 led to the production of dimers of the membrane attack complex (C5b--9) on the platelet surface. These macromolecular complexes were eluted from the platelet membrane and were identified physicochemically and morphologically. The possibility arises that C3 in association with C5--C9 is required for mobilization of the arachidonic acid from the phospholipid of the platelet membrane. Once the arachidonic acid is mobilized, C3 is no longer required, C5- C9 being sufficient to modulate this pathway leading to enhanced production of TXB2. PMID- 7241048 TI - Subclass-restricted IgG polyclonal antibody production in mice injected with lipid A-rich lipopolysaccharides. AB - The effects of five distinct bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the induction of polyclonal IgM and IgG antibodies, including polyclonal autoantibody formation, were investigated in several strains of mice. Injections of most LPS preparations that contained polysaccharide transiently induced only IgM polyclonal antibodies. However, LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (R595 LPS), which had a particularly high content of lipid A but lacked O-antigen polysaccharide, induced a markedly prolonged IgM and IgG polyclonal antibody response in mice, including athymic nude mice, but not in LPS-unresponsive C3H/HeJ mice. Polyclonal IgM and IgG production peaked in sera on day 8 and day 15, respectively, and remained higher than control values 2 mo after the injection. The IgG induced by R595 LPS was strictly restricted to IgG2b and Igg3 subclasses in normal mice. In contrast, in athymic nude mice which have normally lower levels of IgG1 and IgG2a than normal mice, R595 LPS stimulated the production of all the IgG subclasses and reconstituted serum levels of IgG1 and IgG2a up to, but not higher than, control values of normal mice. These findings suggest that different mechanisms regulate production of each IgG subclass after stimulation with LPS. PMID- 7241050 TI - Induction of fibroblast chemotaxis by fibronectin. Localization of the chemotactic region to a 140,000-molecular weight non-gelatin-binding fragment. AB - Plasma and cell-derived fibronectin are potent chemoattractants for human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. The chemotactic property of fibronectin resides in a major 140,000-mol wt non-gelatin-binding fragment of the native molecule. Human monocytes and neutrophils do not recognize fibronectin as a chemotactic stimulus. These findings suggest that fibronectin and perhaps certain fragments of fibronectin may function in vivo as a specific chemoattractant for fibroblasts and could, therefore, induce directional migration of fibroblasts to sites of tissue injury, remodeling or morphogenesis. PMID- 7241053 TI - Responses eliminated by noncontingent or negatively contingent reinforcement recover in extinction. AB - Autoshaped key pecking in pigeons was eliminated by presenting reinforcers only during non-CS periods (negatively contingent reinforcement) or in both non-CS and CS periods (noncontingent reinforcement). In either case, when all reinforcers were subsequently removed (simple extinction), responding recovered strongly (Experiment 1). Recovery in extinction occurred only if the CS was in a conditioned state when non-CS reinforcers were introduced (Experiment 2). Recovery from noncontingent reinforcement was virtually complete, since total responding in extinction after response elimination was not less than in control groups extinguished without an intervening response-elimination phase (Experiment 3). Recovery also occurred for nonautoshapable, instrumentally reinforced key pecking (Experiment 4). The hypothesis that recovery is due to reinstatement of the non-CS stimulus conditions of acquisition (absence of food) was not supported (Experiments 5 and 6). Other accounts of recovery are considered. PMID- 7241051 TI - Contextual conditioning and the US preexposure effect in conditioned fear. AB - A series of five experiments was carried out in which fear of context caused by exposure to shocks was manipulated by signaling the shocks with a discrete stimulus, signaling the days during which shocks occurred with a session-long stimulus, or switching the context between exposure and the subsequent test. All these manipulations influenced fear of the context in the manner predicted by the Rescorla-Wagner associative model. Following this, all the rats were given conditioning trials with shock and a different discrete stimulus. All preexposure treatments produced consistent and reliable interference with conditioning with the exception of signaling the shocks with a discrete stimulus, which greatly reduced interference. These results are interpreted as being consistent both with a cognitive explanation of the US exposure effect, which claims that animals learn that shocks are unpredictable during conditioning and this knowledge retards future conditioning when they are predictable, and with an adaptation explanation, which claims that unpredictable shocks produce chronic fear and this fear through either a change in adaptation level or through emotional exhaustion renders the shocks less reinforcing during the conditioning test. PMID- 7241052 TI - Aversion to the reinforcer differentially affects conditioned reinforcement and instrumental responding. AB - Rats were trained to press a bar for sucrose solution delivered by a dipper; they then received pairings of sucrose and lithium chloride (LiCl) in the home cage and were tested for bar pressing. In the first and second experiments, the conditioned aversion to sucrose had no effect on unreinforced bar pressing in the test, but the aversion reduced bar pressing reinforced either by sucrose or by the operation of the empty dipper. In the third and fourth experiments, presses during training were reinforced by sucrose only in the presence of an audiovisual discriminative stimulus; in the test, the aversion to sucrose reduced pressing reinforced by the discriminative stimulus, but the aversion had no effect on unreinforced pressing in either the presence or the absence of the discriminative stimulus. Thus, pairings of sucrose and LiCl reduced the reinforcing value of sucrose and also of a stimulus previously paired with sucrose, but they had no effect of an instrumental response previously reinforced by sucrose or on the discriminative properties of a stimulus paired with sucrose. PMID- 7241054 TI - Time left: linear versus logarithmic subjective time. AB - In two experiments, subjects were given a choice between a standard fixed interval to reinforcement and the time left to reinforcement in an elapsing comparison interval. In Experiment 1, rats were trained to respond on a comparison 60-sec fixed-interval schedule on one lever and a standard 30-sec fixed-interval schedule on a second lever. Then combined trials were given that began with the entry of the comparison 60-sec lever, followed by the standard 30 sec lever after 15, 30, or 45 sec. Rats preferred to respond on the standard lever when it entered early (at 15 sec), they preferred to respond on the comparison lever when the standard entered late (at 45 sec), and they were approximately indifferent between the two levers when the standard entered halfway through the comparison interval so that the remaining time to food was equal on both levers. In Experiment 2, pigeons were trained to choose between the time left to food in an elapsing comparison interval (C sec long) and a standard fixed interval one half as long (S = C/2) in a concurrent-chains paradigm. Birds came to choose the standard early and the comparison late in the trial interval. The indifference point was linearly related to the midpoint of the elapsing C interval at a variety of S,C pairs. The results of both experiments are consistent with a Scalar Timing theory in which subjective time is linear in real time and memory variance is scalar, and they are inconsistent with a logarithmic time scale. PMID- 7241055 TI - [Synthesis and investigation of substituted iodothyronines with the aim of obtaining radiochemically stable 125I-tracers of high specific activity (author's transl)]. AB - Various substituents were tested for their ability to replace 3'-iodine of T4 without affecting binding to T4 antibodies and without exchanging with 125I during synthesis of high specific activity T4. Measured cross-reactivities of 3' bromo-T3 and 3'-isopropyl-T3 relative to T4 were 85.6 and 8.9%, respectively, thus suggesting a high contribution of the ionised 4'-hydroxy group to antibody binding. The 3'-bromo substituent is not exchanged with 125I during labelling by the chloramine-T method. Therefore, 3'-bromothyronines are suitable starting materials for the synthesis of 3'-bromo-5'-125iodothyronines of high specific activity; these have the advantage of a long shelf life comparable to [125I]T3, because only 125I-monolabelled thyronines are produced. PMID- 7241056 TI - [A 125I-thyronine derivative of high specific activity and radiochemical stability (pseudo-T4) (author's transl)]. AB - Under the described reaction conditions for the synthesis of 125I-labelled thyroid hormones by the chloramine-T method, electrophilic substitution of the phenolic ring at positions 3' and 5' is accompanied by an exchange reaction. The proportions of mono- and diiodo-thyronine derivatives formed in this reaction depend on the specific activity of the 125I starting material. Doubly labelled molecules are far less stable than mono products, because the radioactive decay of one iodine atom is followed by destruction of the molecule itself, and the remaining iodine atom is released as I-. In the case of thyroxine with two equivalent substitution positions, there is always a high yield of doubly labelled molecules. By using a thyronine derivative containing a non-radioactive bromine atom in one of the two ortho positions of the 3,5-diiodothyronine molecule, it was possible to produce a "pseudo-T4" of high specific activity and excellent radiochemical stability by radioiodination of the second position. The immunological properties resemble those of T4. This compound may be useful as a tracer for the determination of free T4. PMID- 7241057 TI - [Quantitative determination of total urinary protein utilizing the principle of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 binding to protein (author's transl)]. AB - Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 was used for the determination of total urinary protein and compared with the biuret-procedure. In the Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250-assay 0.10 ml urine are added to 5.0 ml Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 reagent and the sample is read against the reagent blank. The Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 method seems to be superior to the biuret-procedure because of better reproducibility, higher sensitivity and simpler handling. The upper limit or urinary protein excretion in 49 healthy subjects was 120 mg/24 h. To evaluate the clinical significance of the Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 method the urinary protein concentration of 134 patients with metabolic, systemic and organ diseases was compared with the biuret-procedure. The regression line was y = 0.827 X + 8.713 mg/l with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.966. The type of proteinuria (mixed, glomerular, tubular) had no influence on the protein value measured with the Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 method. However in selective proteinuria, like Bence-Jones protein excretion, there is no correlation between the two methods, because the concentration of Bence-Jones protein is underestimated. Lower protein values were also frequently obtained for patients with diabetes mellitus. Some specimens from patients with chronic renal failure treated by haemodialysis showed elevated values. In spite of these limitations the Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 method might become the method of choice for the determination of total urinary protein. PMID- 7241058 TI - Reference values and analytical performance of the hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio in early morning urine samples. AB - The hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio for two groups of healthy individuals and two groups of patients with a history of mammary and prostatic carcinoma without metastases was measured and compared with literature values. The hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio for healthy adults appears to be 1.4 (range 0.7- 2.3). Furthermore, the influence of diet and gelatin load of 30 g on the hydroxyproline creatinine ratio and the hydroxyproline excretion has been investigated. The analytical characteristics of the test used in the present study were evaluated using the method of standard additions. An intra-assay quality-control on the basis of the standard addition is proposed. The coefficient of variation of the hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio appears to be 22%. The intraindividual variability has also been established for the hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio and appears to be 25%. PMID- 7241060 TI - Elaboration and distinctiveness in memory for faces. AB - This research attempts to account for the finding that faces that have been judged with reference to traits such as honesty or friendliness are better remembered than faces judged with respect to a physical feature. Four experiments are reported in which the orienting task engaged in by the subjects was controlled. The first two experiments support an elaboration hypothesis that it is the amount rather than the type of information encoded that accounts for the observed effect. Experiments 3 and 4 provide evidence that elaborative encoding is effective because the likelihood of a distinctive feature being encoded increases with the degree of elaboration. The role of distinctiveness is emphasized. PMID- 7241059 TI - Multiple code activation in word recognition: evidence from rhyme monitoring. AB - Seidenberg and Tanenhaus reported that orthographically similar rhymes were detected more rapidly than dissimilar rhymes in a rhyme monitoring task with auditory stimulus presentation. The present experiments investigated the hypothesis that these results were due to a rhyme production-frequency bias in favor of similar rhymes that was present in their materials. In three experiments, subjects monitored short word lists for the word that rhymed with a cue presented prior to each list. All stimuli were presented auditorily. Cue target rhyme production frequency was equated for orthographically similar and dissimilar rhymes. Similar rhymes were detected more rapidly in all three experiments, indicating that orthographic information was accessed in auditory word recognition. The results suggest that multiple codes are automatically accessed in word recognition. This entails a reinterpretation of phonological "recording" in visual word recognition. PMID- 7241061 TI - The representation of pictures in memory. AB - The two experiments presented in this article examined the memory representation of pictorial information. The technique used to investigate structure was priming in item recognition. Subjects studied a list of pictures and then were tested for recognition of parts of pictures. In Experiment 1, the time to recognize a target part of a picture was speeded (primed) if the immediately preceding part in the test list was from the same picture. This priming effect was larger if the two parts were interacting with each other in the picture than if they were not interacting. Experiment 2 showed more priming between the interacting, foreground parts of a picture than between one of the interacting parts and a background part. For noninteracting parts, priming between foreground parts was equal to priming between foreground and background parts. It is suggested that priming may prove a useful technique for investigating other aspects of the representation of pictorial information. PMID- 7241062 TI - The effects of fading procedures on discrimination shifts. AB - Human discrimination learning is frequently characterized as a "two-link process" consisting of an instrumental response and a covert dimensional attention or mediation response. In subsequent conceptual shift problems, reversal shift facilitation is attributed to partial reinforcement of the covert response in the original problem. Unlike standard trial and error learning conditions, a fading design eliminated the partial reinforcement of covert responding and, consistent with the hypothesis, reduced reversal shift facilitation. Although fading procedures facilitate discrimination learning, they may retard subsequent trial and error learning, a cost that warrants further exploration. Trial and error conditions produced the expected reversal facilitation. PMID- 7241063 TI - Altered acetylcholinesterase isozyme patterns in mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy. AB - Normal and dystrophic mouse muscles were separated into a predominantly white muscle fraction (gastrocnemius, extensor digitorum longus) and a predominantly red muscle fraction (diaphragm). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was extracted from each muscle fraction using a Triton X-100/NaCl buffer. Six forms of AChE were separated from each muscle homogenate by velocity sedimentation on linear sucrose gradients. Their apparent sedimentation coefficients in each case were 19.7S, 16.0S, 13.3S, 10.4S, 7.6S, and 3.9S. Gel electrophoresis of crude muscle homogenates under nondenaturing conditions (native gels) and of ech separate isozyme fraction gave one band of AChE activity with a consistent Rf (relative mobility) value. Reelectrophoresis of native gel bands on SDS/acrylamide slab gels revealed a similar monomeric subunit protein from either crude muscle homogenates or isozyme fractions with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 69,000 daltons. Our results indicate that the AChE distribution and activity are severely affected in dystrophic "white" muscles (anaerobic) but much less so in "red" muscles (aerobic). Dystrophic predominantly white muscles weigh less, contain less protein, and have a decreased total AChE activity in comparison with their normal counterparts. Furthermore, the relative proportions of AChE activity in each isozyme fraction is altered between normal white and dystrophic white muscle fractions: i.e., dystrophic white muscle contains a decreased proportion of a low molecular weight form (7.6S) and increased proportions of higher molecular weight forms (16.0S, 19.7S). In contrast, no significant differences occur in AChE activity or distribution between normal and dystrophic predominantly red muscle. The changes in white muscle AChE are toward a pattern common to red muscle. This suggests that the effect of muscular dystrophy and its related stress on mouse white muscle is at least in part a shift from a predominantly anaerobic, fatigable metabolism to an aerobic, fatigue resistant metabolism. PMID- 7241064 TI - Newt forelimb regeneration blastemas in vitro: cellular response to explanation and effects of various growth-promoting substances. AB - Macromolecular synthesis was studied in cultured newt forelimb blastemas. Late bud stage blastemas were explanted into organ culture and thus denervated. When the response of the blastemas to explantation was examined, it was found that a peak in 3H-leucine incorporation occurred at 2 hr of incubation, and a similar peak in 3H-thymidine incorporation occurred at 3-4 hr. After these initial increases, both parameters declined to levels lower than those determined at the time of explantation. The peaks in macromolecular synthesis reported here in vitro are similar to those observed in blastemas in vivo after denervation (Singer, '74). In the second part of the study, the ability of various growth promoting substances to stimulate DNA synthesis in cultured blastemas was investigated. Increasing concentrations of fetal bovine serum caused increased levels of 3H-thymidine incorporation, with maximal stimulation at 30% serum. Newt brain extract (NBVE) was as effective as additional serum, with optimal stimulation at 100 micrograms total NBE protein per ml culture medium. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), derived from brain tissue, at a concentration of 10 ng/ml was as effective as both 30% serum and the optimal concentration of NBE. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) produced a maximal effect at 1 ng/ml. Neither nerve growth factor nor the platelet-derived growth factor were stimulatory. Bovine insulin was highly active in stimulating DNA synthesis at concentrations from 1 10 micrograms/ml. The requirement of nerves for blastemal development, as well as the possible roles of the various growth-promoting substances in this process, are discussed. PMID- 7241065 TI - Inhibition of two homeotic mutants of Drosophila by 5-bromodeoxyuridine and fluorouracil. AB - Nasobemia (Ns) and spineless-aristapedia (ssa40a) are dominant and recessive homeotic mutants of Drosophila which convert parts of the antenna to leg structures. Exposure of Ns and ssa40a larvae to half-lethal concentrations of 5 bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and flourouracil (FU) together or separately during the presumptive time of gene action suppresses the expressivity and penetrance of the mutants. PMID- 7241066 TI - Experimental analysis of the lens-forming competence of the cornea, iris, and retina in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. AB - The present research was carried out using Xenopus laevis tadpoles at stage 50-51 to ascertain whether eye territories other than the outer cornea and the pericorneal epidermis have lens-forming competence, particularly the iris and/or retina. Five experiments were performed: simple lentectomy; removal of lens, outer cornea, and pericorneal integument; removal of lens, outer cornea, and pericorneal integument, and simultaneous incision of retina; removal of lens, outer cornea and pericorneal integument, and simultaneous incision of dorsal iris; removal of lens and simultaneous lesion of iris and retina. Results show that when lentectomy is performed without damaging any territories other than the outer and inner cornea, lens regeneration is always from the outer cornea, and the iris and retina do not exhibit any lens-forming competence. The iris and retina show no clear-cut lens-forming competence even after they have been stimulated by comparatively extensive lesions. PMID- 7241067 TI - Oxidative metabolism of spermatozoa from inbred and random bred mice. AB - Epididymal spermatozoa from the random-bred CFW and from the inbred C57 BL/6 strains of mice were treated either hypotonically or with the antibiotic filipin in order to study the mitochondrial oxidative activities of the two strains in the absence of permeability barriers imposed by the plasma membrane. The percentage of motile spermatozoa from C57BL/6 mice was consistently higher than that of CFW mice, but sperm from the latter fertilized a higher percentage of eggs in vitro. In vivo, there was no apparent difference in fertilizing capacity in vivo: no significant difference between strains was observed. There is a strategy of oxidative metabolism in mouse spermatozoa which is common to the two genetic strains of the species tested, but which differs from that of rabbit and bull spermatozoa. The mitochondria of mouse spermatozoa oxidize L--3 glycerolphosphate but not glutamate in the presence of malate; both activities are present in bull spermatozoa but neither are present in rabbit spermatozoa. In common wit those of the mammalian species thus far studied, the mitochondria of mouse spermatozoa readily oxidize lactate and pyruvate in the presence of malate. They also oxidize acetyl CoA, acetyl carnitine, and long-chain acyl CoA esters directly, without the intermediacy of the carnitine esters. Mouse spermatozoa, therefore, have access to endogenous acyl CoA esters as a source of metabolic energy, which is consistent with their ability to maintain motility for 4-6 hours in the absence of added energy sources. Mouse spermatozoa are self-sufficient with regard to oxidative metabolism, which suggests that energy sources are not readily available to them in the mouse female reproductive tract. PMID- 7241068 TI - Survival of mouse embryos after freezing and thawing in the presence of erythritol. AB - Eight-cell mouse embryos were frozen by using erythritol as the cryoprotective agent. The samples were cooled slowly (1 degree C/min) to temperatures between 15 and -75 degrees C before direct transfer into liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C). The most effective concentration of erythritol for freezing of embryos was 0.6 M, and the optimal exposure time of embryos to 0.6 M erythritol at 0 degrees C prior to freezing appeared to be 60 min under the conditions used. The embryos in erythritol survived slow thawing (approximately 20 degrees C/min), only when cooled slowly to temperatures between -30 and -60 degrees C before transfer into liquid nitrogen, and survived rapid thawing (approximately 500 degrees C/min), only after transfer from -25 to -40 degrees C. The highest survival rates of slowly thawed embryos were obtained after transfer to -196 degrees C from -35 (63%) and -40 degrees C (64%), and the highest survival rates of rapidly thawed embryos were obtained after transfer from -30 degrees C (54%). Mouse embryos that survived freezing and thawing with erythritol as the cryoprotective agent were capable of developing to full-term fetuses. PMID- 7241070 TI - Medical malpractice claims: causes and prevention. PMID- 7241069 TI - Site of calcium uptake in the fresh water trout gill. PMID- 7241071 TI - Auxiliary in action. PMID- 7241073 TI - The Auxiliary's Talent Search Program. PMID- 7241072 TI - Action in the counties. PMID- 7241075 TI - Join the PR team. PMID- 7241074 TI - Highlights from the Auxiliary Beeper. PMID- 7241076 TI - Legislation. PMID- 7241077 TI - How the AMAA pumps life into State and County auxiliaries. PMID- 7241079 TI - The Florida physician and his family in crisis. PMID- 7241081 TI - Management of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7241080 TI - Community service by physicians. PMID- 7241082 TI - Gynecological microsurgery in a community hospital. PMID- 7241083 TI - Dysphagia and cricopharyngeal myotomy. PMID- 7241078 TI - Till death do us part. PMID- 7241085 TI - Practicing physicians, past-present-future. PMID- 7241084 TI - Successful repair of interventricular septal defect resulting from blunt chest trauma. PMID- 7241086 TI - Preventive medicine a new perspective. PMID- 7241087 TI - Electrical resistance of a capillary endothelium. AB - The electrical resistance of consecutive segments of capillaries has been determined by a method in which the microvessels were treated as a leaky, infinite cable. A two-dimensional analytical model to describe the potential field in response to intracapillary current injection was formulated. The model allowed determination of the electrical resistance from four sets of data: the capillary radius, the capillary length constant, the length constant in the mesentery perpendicular to the capillary, and the relative potential drop across the capillary wall. Of particular importance were the mesothelial membranes covering the mesenteric capillaries with resistances several times higher than that of the capillary endothelium. 27 frog mesenteric capillaries were characterized. The average resistance of the endothelium was 1.85 omega cm2, which compares well with earlier determinations of the ionic permeability of such capillaries. However, heterogeneity with respect to resistance was observed, that of 10 arterial capillaries being 3.0 omega cm2 as compared with 0.95 omega cm2 for 17 mid- and venous capillaries. The average in situ length constant was 99 micrometers for the arterial capillaries and 57 micrometers for the mid- and venous capillaries. It is likely that the ions that carry the current must move paracellularly, through junctions that are leaky to small solutes. PMID- 7241088 TI - Ion transport mediated by the valinomycin analogue cyclo(L-Lac-L-Val-D-Pro-D Val)3 in lipid bilayer membranes. AB - Cyclo(L-Lac-L-Val-D-Pro-D-Val)3 (PV-Lac) a structural analogue of the ion-carrier valinomycin, increases the cation permeability of lipid bilayer membranes by forming a 1:1 ion-carrier complex. The selectively sequence for PV-Lac is identical to that of valinomycin; i.e., Rb+ greater than K+ greater than Cs+ greater than or equal to NH+4 greater than Na+ greater than Li+. The steady-state zero-voltage conductance, G(0), is a saturating function of KCl concentration. A similar behavior was found for Rb+, Cs+, and NH+4. However, the ion concentration at which G(0) reaches a plateau strongly depends on membrane composition. The current-voltage curves present saturating characteristics, except at low ion concentrations of Rb+, K+, or Cs+. The ion concentration at which the saturating characteristics appear depends on membrane composition. These and other results presented in this paper agree with a model that assumes complexation between carrier and ion at the membrane-water interface. Current relaxation after voltage jump studies were also performed for PV-Lac. Both the time constant and the amplitude of the current after a voltage jump strongly depend on ion concentration and membrane composition. These results, together with the stationary conductance data, were used to evaluate the rate constants of the PV Lac-mediated K+ transport. In glycerolmonooleate they are: association rate constant, 2 x 10(6) M-1 s-1; dissociation rate constant, 4 x 10(5) s-1; translocation rate constant for complex, 5 x 10(4) s-1; and the rate of translocation of the free carrier (ks), 55 s-1. ks is much smaller for PV-Lac than for valinomycin and thus limits the efficiency with which the carrier is able to translocate cations across the membrane. PMID- 7241089 TI - Adsorption of divalent cations to bilayer membranes containing phosphatidylserine. AB - The Stern equation, a combination of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the Boltzmann relation, and the Grahame equation from the theory of the diffuse double layer, provides a simple theoretical framework for describing the adsorption of charged molecules to surfaces. The ability of this equation to describe the adsorption of divalent cations to membranes containing brain phosphatidylserine (PS) was tested in the following manner. Charge reversal measurements were first made to determine the intrinsic 1:1 association constants of the divalent cations with the anionic PS molecules: when the net charge of a PS vesicle is zero one-half of the available sites are occupied by divalent cations. The intrinsic association constant, therefore, is equal to the reciprocal of the divalent cation concentration at which the mobility of a PS vesicle reverses sign. The Stern equation with this association constant is capable of accurately describing both the zeta potential data obtained with PS vesicles at other concentrations of the divalent cations and the data obtained with with vesicles formed from mixtures of PS and zwitterionic phospholipids. Independent measurements of the number of ions adsorbed to sonicated PS vesicles were made with a calcium-sensitive electrode. The results agreed with the zeta potential results obtained with multilamellar vesicles. When membranes are formed at 20 degrees C in 0.1 M NaCl, the intrinsic 1:1 association constants of Ni, Co, Mn, Ba, Sr, Ca, and Mg with PS are 40, 28, 25, 20, 14, 12, and 8 M-1, respectively. PMID- 7241090 TI - Diffusion of calcium ions in retinal rods. A theoretical calculation. AB - The Fick diffusion equation is combined with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the relevant equations from the Gouy-Chapman theory of the electrical diffuse double layer to demonstrate that the effective diffusion coefficient of calcium ions, both in the cytoplasm of the rod outer segment and within the aqueous space bounded by the disk membrane, should be reduced by a factor of 10-100 because these ions adsorb to phospholipids present in the disk membrane. PMID- 7241091 TI - Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a highly purified vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis. AB - Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a vaccine containing inactivated tick-borne encephalitis virus prepared by continuous flow zonal ultracentrifugation were compared with those of a previously used, less purified vaccine. Antibody response as measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was 93% after two vaccinations and 100% after a third dose. The zonally purified vaccine impressively reduced the incidence of side reactions. Pyrexia (greater than 37.3 degrees C) was recorded in only 4--10% of the vaccinees almost exclusively after first vaccinations compared to 17--68% with the old type of vaccine. When these results are evaluated according to criteria commonly used in the United States (ie, pyrexia greater than 100 degrees F = 37.8 degrees C), almost no fewer would be recorded. The frequency of systemic side reactions was even lower (statistically significant) after second and third vaccination. This highly purified vaccine therefore represents an effective and well-tolerated means for the immunoprophylaxis of TBE. PMID- 7241093 TI - Distribution of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and anti-HBe in carriers with different levels of HBsAg. AB - Blood samples from 154 asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg were studied for the presence of HbeAg and anti-HBe using techniques of rheophoresis and a micro solid phase radioimmunoassay (micro-SPRIA). The level of HBsAg in each sample was determined by titration using reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA) test. The significance of relationship between the titer of HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc were statistically analyzed. Micro-SPRIA detected almost twice as many reactives for HBeAg and anti-HBe as were found by rheophoresis; the difference in sensitivity was significant (P less than 0.001). The mean HBsAg titer of 41 samples reactive for HBeAg was 11,181, while it was 3,032 for 92 samples reactive for anti-HBe. The remaining 23 samples with no detectable HBeAg or anti-HBe had a mean HBsAg titer of 1,018. The differences in the distribution of HBsAg among the three categories is statistically significant (P less than 0.005). HBeAg was most likely to be found in samples with higher concentrations of HBsAg. PMID- 7241094 TI - Tubular forms of hepatitis B surface antigen bind with the nucleus of 22-nm spherical HBsAg particles. AB - Spherical hepatitis B surface antigen particles (HbsAg) of 22-nm diameter were treated with sodium dodecylsulphate in the absence of reducing agents, and their nuclei were exposed. Factors that interact with the nucleus of HbsAg were detected in the serum of HBsAg carriers who were seropositive for hepatitis B e antigen and identified as tubular forms of HBsAg. The other categories of hepatitis B antigen, Dane particles, and 22-nm spherical HBsAg did not bind with the nucleus of HBsAg. When tubular forms of HBsAg had been treated with a proteolytic enzyme, they lost the reactivity to bind with the nucleus of HBsAg. On the basis of the results obtained, tubular forms of HBsAg bear the receptor of protein nature for the nucleus of 22-nm spherical HBsAg. The receptor allows rapid determination of tubular forms by a haemagglutination method for the evaluation of their clinical and epidemiological implications. PMID- 7241095 TI - Failure to detect infectious hepatitis B virus using high dose safety test for hepatitis B vaccine. AB - One hundred milliliters of an inactivated hepatitis B vaccine (20 microgram/ml) were inoculated intravenously into two colony-born infant chimpanzees. Immediately thereafter each received hepatitis B virus from a documented infectious inoculum intravenously at a separate site. Neither chimpanzee developed elevation of aminotransferase levels, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), or antibody to hepatitis B core antigen during six months of evaluation, the duration of the currently recommended safety test. Both chimpanzees developed antibody to HBsAg beginning 8 and 9 weeks, respectively, after inoculation. The administration of a large intravenous quantity of vaccine antigen thus appeared capable of masking or preventing infection by simultaneously administered hepatitis B virus. This study suggests that a chimpanzee safety test for hepatitis B vaccine should not employ large quantities of vaccine antigen, since such a safety test may fail to detect small amounts of residual infectious hepatitis B virus. PMID- 7241092 TI - Inhibition of influenza A virus replication by rifampicin and selenocystamine. AB - The effects of selenocystamine, an inhibitor of influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in vitro activity, in the antibiotic rifampicin were studied on influenza A/PR/8/34 (HON1) infection in embryonated eggs. Both drugs completely inhibited hemagglutinating and infective virus yields when added at relatively early times postinfection. Maximal inhibition was produced by apparently noncytotoxic concentrations of 50 microgram of selenocystamine, or of 400 microgram of rifampicin, per egg. PMID- 7241096 TI - Properties of soluble DNA polymerase from sera of hepatitis B virus carriers. AB - A soluble DNA polymerase was purified 8,000-fold from hepatitis B surface antigen positive serum. The molecular weight of the enzyme by gel filtration was about 1.60 X 10(5), the sedimentation coefficient was 5.5S, the apparent Km for dTTP was 4 micrometer, the optimum pH in the presence of Mg2+ was 9.2, and the pl was 4.7. The enzyme was found in HBsAg-positive sera and required an external primer for activity. The properties of the DNA polymerase were different from hepatitis B virus particle enzyme and from vertebrate and bacterial DNA polymerases. The prevalence of this enzyme did not correlate with HBeAg or particle DNA polymerase in HBsAg-positive sera. PMID- 7241097 TI - Borna disease in rhesus monkeys as a models for uveo-cerebral symptoms. AB - Borna disease, a naturally occurring encephalomyelitis of horses and sheep, was induced in rhesus monkeys after intracerebral infection with virus containing rabbit brain suspension. The animals developed neurological disorders followed by a severe encephalomyelitis which was accompanied by a retinopathy. In all the analyzed brain and retina tissue pieces, virus-specific antigen could be demonstrated by immunoelectrophoretic techniques. Antibodies could be demonstrated by the intermediate gel technique as well as by the immunofluorescence test in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid of all the monkeys. The histopathological findings in the brain and the eye might be comparable to certain types of encephalitis in man and to pathological changes in the eye of human patients, the etiologies of which are still obscure. An attempt was also made to study cell-mediated immunity by a chromium release assay in infected animals, the results of which might provide, together with the histopathological observations, strong evidence for the role of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of BD infection in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7241098 TI - Antibodies to hepatitis A virus in immune serum globulin. AB - Two hundred one immune serum globulin (ISG) lots manufactured in the US between 1967 and 1977 were tested for antibodies to the hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) by a competitive-inhibition radioimmunoassay (RIA); a lesser number were also tested by immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA). The percentage of ISG lots that contained anti-HAV with a titer of 1:100 or greater by RIA was 50% for those manufactured in 1967, 69% for those manufactured in 1972, and 100% for those manufactured in 1977. The percentage of lots with anti-HAV titers equal to or greater than 1:500 by RIA was 7% in 1967, 18% in 1972, and 70% in 1977. Only ten lots of ISG (5%) had anti-HAV titers of 1:1,000 or greater by RIA; seven of these were manufactured in 1977. Both the mean titer of anti-HAV in ISG lots and the percentage of lots containing significant titers of this antibody appear to have increased in the US over the past ten years. This may reflect the increased use of source plasma from paid plasmapheresis donors in the US during this period. The lower titers of anti-HAV in the older lots of ISG studied were shown not to be due to fragmentation of antibody molecules during storage. PMID- 7241100 TI - Development of reciprocal hemispheric inhibition in normal and learning-disabled children. AB - Matched populations (N = 90) of learning-disabled and normal children representing an age range of approximately five years were administered a dichotic listening task to examine the hypothesized development of reciprocal control by the left cerebral hemisphere over the right. An analysis of the free recall raw scores for each ear by the two groups of children at three developmental levels supported the notion that age-related changes occur in the right cerebral hemisphere and not in the left. Consequently, the notion that the left hemisphere becomes more lateralized during development was not supported. Rather, a differential model of cerebral inattention and suppression of stimuli perceived transcallosally by the left hemisphere was adopted as more appropriate in conceptualizing neuropsychological accomodation and functioning in learning disabled children. PMID- 7241099 TI - HBV and HAV infection in chronic hepatitis in Argentina. AB - Sera of 155 chronic hepatitis (CH) patients in Argentina were tested for the presence of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HAV. Our purpose was to define the role that both virus A and B might play in the etiology and pathogenesis of this condition. The patients were divided into two groups: group I (57) HBsAg negative; group II (98) HBsAg-positive. The control group consisted of 1,209 healthy blood donors from Banco Central de Sangre de Rosario; 286/1,209 (24%) had viral markers for HBV. In group I, 38/57 (67%) had anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc, but none had anti-HBs alone. Group II showed a higher percentage of males (P less than 0.05). We found similar incidence of anti-HAV among group I, group II, and the control group. PMID- 7241101 TI - Moderator variables for the relationship between life change and disorders. AB - The correlation between life change events and occurrence of disorders was investigated with the use of moderator variable measures of Jungian types, health locus of control, and optimal stimulation level. One hundred and twenty-four graduate and undergraduate men and women at Oregon College of Education were Ss. The following levels of moderator variables produced significant correlations: Introvert, Thinking, Feeling, Judgment, rational functions, and external health locus of control. The suggested rationale for integrating these findings is that high correlations between life change events and occurrence of disorders result from low levels of awareness and limited choices, accompanied by high degrees of conditionability. PMID- 7241102 TI - Methods of enhancing concept attainment in older adults. AB - Practice with informative feedback and active training were found to be effective in enhancing concept attainment in older adults. Fifty male and 50 female Ss, aged 60-79 years, were given a pretest and posttest, each involving conjunctive concept-identification problems. The practice-plus-informative-feedback groups (right-wrong, nothing-wrong, and right-nothing) discovered the concepts faster than the active training group. The last group outperformed a control group. These results, in contrast to previous studies, demonstrate that the elderly are capable of solving complex cognitive tasks, like younger Ss, by using their own self-generated strategies and currently available information. This is consistent with recent theory that emphasizes experiential factors as the basis for performance deficit in cognitive tasks for older adults. PMID- 7241103 TI - Effect of instructions on the disappearance of steadily fixated luminous figures. AB - A controversy has existed in the literature between peripheral and central processes as explanations for the disappearances found in steadily fixated luminous figures. The present experiment (N = 24 male and female undergraduates) was designed to test the extent to which the instructions or experimenter bias influence the disappearances of three different luminous figures. The results indicated that the type of instruction did affect the frequency of disappearances, but not the kind of disappearances. A significant difference was also found in the frequency of disappearances among the different figures. These results support the central process hypothesis. PMID- 7241104 TI - Effects on free recall of transforming visually and orally presented nouns into printed, picture, or imagery form. AB - Two experiments using male and female college students studied the effects on free recall of transforming auditory and verbal stimuli into various forms. Experiment 1 (n = 240) presented nouns either auditorily by a tape recorder or visually as printed words. The Ss either imagined, traced, or drew (used a pencil) the nouns in the forms of pictures and words, pictures only, or words only. Significantly more items were recalled as a result of Ss responding with both words and pictures, and pictures only, as opposed to words alone and a control groups (p less than .01). In Experiment 2 (n = 108), the nouns were presented auditorily by a tape recorder. The nouns were imagined in the form of either pictures or words, in either the size of one-half of normal, normal, or two times normal, and in either a stationary or moving position. Significantly more items were recalled as a result of imagining in the form of a picture during the presentation of the stimuli, and significantly more were also recalled as a result of imagining in the normal size as opposed to larger or smaller sizes (p less than .05). The results replicated previous findings and also contribute to the body of knowledge concerning effects of transformations on free recall. PMID- 7241105 TI - Schizophrenia and brain asymmetry an evaluation of evidence for dominant lobe dysfunction. AB - The author reviewed literature implicating a disturbance located in the left cerebral hemisphere in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Studies of the psychiatric sequelae of lateralized organic cerebral disease were considered, as well as neurological, neurophysiological, and neuroanatomic studies of psychiatric patients. In general, abnormalities in cerebral hemispheric asymmetry appear to be common among psychiatric patients, particularly those with personality disorders, some affective disorders, autistic children, and, at least, some schizophrenics. The latter may include those with milder, less chronic illnesses. A specific relationship between the side of unilateral cerebral impairment and diagnosis suggested by some authors is not consistently supported by the literature, however. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of neurodevelopmental issues in schizophrenia. PMID- 7241106 TI - Adaptation and cognition. II. Experimental study of the homospatial process in artistic creativity. AB - In a previously reported experimental study from an ongoing program of research on the creative process, the type of cognition designated as homospatial thinking was shown to function in the creation of literary metaphor. Homospatial thinking consists of actively conceiving two or more discrete entities occupying the same space, a conception leading to the articulation of new identities. Under experimental conditions involving facilitation of homospatial thinking through presentation of superimposed visual images, and control presentation of the same images separated and side by side, the superimposed presentation stimulated significantly more creative literary metaphors. In the currently reported experiment, the effect of such stimuli on creation in the visual arts was assessed. Forty-three artist subjects were randomly assigned either to a control group viewing three sets of slide photographs paired side by side on a projection screen or to an experimental group viewing the identical pairs of slide images superimposed on each other. Each subject created a pastel drawing stimulated by each of the three slide pairs. Resulting drawings were categorized according to the type of composition produced and quality of all drawings were independently rated by two internationally prominent artists. The primary results were that drawings produced in the superimposed slide condition which contained elements from both slides intermingled together were rated significantly more creative than a single element composition and also more creative than similar composition drawings stimulated by the separated slide condition (p less than .05). Production of a final drawing in which individual components are recognizable and intermingled together in response to the superimposed stimulus condition indicates the operation of homospatial thinking involving elements occupying the same space. Consequently, the results indicate a relationship between homospatial thinking and creative visual artistic effects. PMID- 7241107 TI - Object relations and differential treatment response to methadone maintenance. AB - The authors report results from a psychiatric study of narcotic addicts in which the relationship between specified aspects of object relations development and treatment response to methadone maintenance was examined. Two groups were defined as high and low drug users (in addition to the prescribed methadone dose) depending upon the frequency and intensity of additional drug use; a middle group was excluded. Thirty subjects participated. The dimensions of separation/individuation, narcissistic development, and self and object representations were measured by 12 scaled variables; scores of the high and low drug users were compared by t-test. In all cases, the high use group was found to be more impaired than the low use group. However, the dimensions differed greatly in their ability to differentiate the groups. The strongest group differences were found in the area of narcissistic development, with the high user group significantly more impaired than the low user group. The strength of these findings lends empirical support to the notion that an addict population can be differentiated on diagnostic and ego psychological measures. This has important implications for methadone maintenance treatment programs, and, possibly, for drug programs in general. PMID- 7241108 TI - Psychiatric complications of antihypertensive medications. AB - Psychiatric complications of antihypertensive medications have been identified in the literature primarily in case reports. Most other studies to date have suffered from major design flaws. Side effects seriously complicate the treatment of hypertensive patients and no doubt decrease compliance. There are significant interactions between psychotropic medications and antihypertensive drugs. The literature is reviewed, and the implications for clinical practice of psychiatric side effects of antihypertensive treatment and of psychotropic-antihypertensive interactions are discussed. PMID- 7241109 TI - Drug therapy decisions. A social judgment analysis. AB - Seventy psychiatric staff members at various Veterans Administration hospitals made decisions concerning appropriate medication for 40 hypothetical cases. A profile presented for each case described the patient's status on eight symptom dimensions. The physician-judges examined each profile and specified appropriate drugs and dose levels for the case. Analyses focused on agreement among judges and on prescriptive strategies, the manner in which symptoms were weighted in specific drug decisions. When base rates were taken into account in determining chance levels, the judges failed to agree with each other significantly more than would be expected by change; this was true for their prescriptions of general class of medications, specific drugs, and dose levels. Differences among physicians were traceable to inconsistency in the use of symptom information and individual variations in prescriptive strategies, cue (symptom) weighting strategies of judges being dissimilar and sometimes contradictory. PMID- 7241110 TI - Social and sensory environment of low birth weight infants in a special care nursery. An anthropological investigation. AB - Ten infants of 900 to 1500 gram birthweight and 28 to 32 weeks gestational age were observed for a total of 552 hours in an intensive care nursery. Auditory environment and tactile experience were recorded by tape recorder and observers' notes for a period of 24 consecutive hours at weekly intervals in each of the first 3 weeks of life. Besides regular recording of heart rate and motor activity, episodic events were also noted such as interaction with staff or parents, or periods of apnea. Results are primarily descriptive of this environment, denoting sound level of ground noise, kinds of sounds that penetrate the isolette, responses of the infants to these sounds, differences in auditory environment with different caretakers, and motor activity as related to auditory and tactile events. In response to questions of the usefulness of sensory stimulation programs for preterm infants, these descriptive results suggest some of the deficiencies and complexities of this life experience at this gestational age, and suggest some areas for further research as well as for clinical management of premature infants. PMID- 7241111 TI - MMPI scores in young men with alcoholic relatives and controls. AB - The MacAndrew (A Mac), Rosenberg (A Ros), and Revised (A Rev) "alcoholic scales" of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory were administered to 30 nonalcoholic men aged 20 to 25 who have a first-degree alcoholic family member (the family history positive, or FHP, group). Those scores were then compared to a control population matched on demography and drinking history but lacking a family history of alcoholism (the family history negative, or FHN, group). Although the two groups did not differ on the total score made up of all 81 items common to the three scales and scores were almost identical on the A Ros and A Rev scales, the FHP subjects scored an average of 18.86 (SD = 4.08) whereas FHN controls scored 16.82 (SD = 3.24) on the A Mac scale (p less than .05). The two groups differed on only one of the six A Mac subfactors, Interpersonal Competence, with the former scoring 4.29 (SD = 1.51) and the later 3.25 (SD = 1.35) (p less than .05). Although the results on the A Mac are consistent with the possibility of some personality differences between individuals at high risk for the future development of alcoholism and controls, the fact that both groups scored in the "normal range" and the very small numerical differential between FHP and FHN individuals indicate the test is of limited clinical significance. However, the scores may indicate the presence of some aspects of personality which might correlate with greater likelihood for the future development of alcoholism. PMID- 7241112 TI - Manic-depressive illness associated with Turner's syndrome mosaicism. AB - This case report describes a patient suffering from both manic-depressive illness and Turner's syndrome mosaicism. This is the second such patient to be reported, but the first to be described in detail and to receive full karyotypic analysis. The significance of the association of manic-depressive illness and Turner's syndrome for the analysis of the genetic transmission of manic-depressive illness is discussed. PMID- 7241114 TI - Effects of apomorphine on behavioural activity and brain catecholamine synthesis in normal and L-triiodothyronine-treated rats. AB - The effect of chronic apomorphine treatment on behavioural activity as well as brain dopamine metabolism was studied in normal and neonatally L-triiodothyronine treated rats. Neonatal hyperthyroidism was accompanied by an increase in spontaneous locomotor activity as well as by enhanced synthesis and release of dopamine as evidenced by increased catecholamine synthesis in crude synaptosomal preparation (P2 pellet), elevated tyrosine hydroxylase activity and higher concentrations of homovanillic acid and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in striatum of rats. Repeated apomorphine treatment (1 mg/kg/day s.c) for 15 days, beginning from the 15th day of age, produced hypermobility and stereotyped behavior (consisting of sniffing, gnawing, rearing) which appeared to be more pronounced in neonatally hyperthyroid rats than in normal controls. In addition, apomorphine-treated hyperthyroid animals marched in a row with straub tail, and displayed increased aggressiveness and bizarre social behavior consisting of "mock fighting" when left in pairs. In contrast to normal rats, apomorphine treated hyperthyroid animals displayed marked hyperactivity which was evident even at 24 hours after the last injection of apomorphine. Administration of apomorphine resulted in significant decreases in striatal tyrosine hydroxylase, catecholamine synthesis in crude synaptosomal preparation (P2 pellet) as well as dopamine metabolite levels in brains of both normal and hyperthyroid animals. Our present data showing that apomorphine potentiates behavioural activity in hyperthyroid rats suggest that L-triiodothyronine and apomorphine probably share certain features common to activating dopaminergic neurons in the brain. PMID- 7241116 TI - Effect of various stimulus parameters on electrically-induced catecholamine secretion by thin slices of bovine adrenal medulla. AB - We examined the role of various stimulus parameters in electrically-induced catecholamine secretion by thin slices of bovine adrenal medulla. The stimulus parameters examined were voltage, duration, pulse width, and frequency for square wave monophasic pulses. As each was examined it was held constant at a selected value for the evaluation of subsequent stimulus characteristics. For 16 mm2 tissue slices, catecholamine secretion was approximately linearly related to stimulus voltage over the range 20--80 volts, with a threshold of 20 V. Increasing the voltage beyond 80 V did not enhance secretion. Similarly, catecholamine secretion was dependent upon the frequency of stimulation. For stimuli delivered at 50 V for a 10-sec interval there was a four-fold increase in secretion over the frequency range 10--100/sec. Increasing pulse width at a constant voltage (50 V) over the range 0.4--2.0 msec resulted in a four-fold increase in catecholamine secretion. For pulses of 50 V, 50/sec and 0.8 msec pulse width, secretion was dependent upon the duration of the stimulus. Enhanced secretion was evident for times as short as 2 sec; between 5 and 15 sec of stimulation catecholamine secretion was linearly related to stimulus duration. Over the range 2--15 sec there was a five-fold enhancement of secretion. Electrically-induced catecholamine secretion by slices was markedly dependent upon stimulus parameters. In general, it was enhanced by increasing voltage, stimulus duration, pulse width and frequency. For most experiments a good choice of stimulus parameters appears to be 50 V 10 sec duration, 0.8 msec pulse width delivered at a frequency of 50/sec. Maximizing all stimulus parameters resulted in a 17-fold enhancement of secretion. PMID- 7241115 TI - 3-Methoxytyramine and normetanephrine as indicators of dopamine and noradrenaline release in mouse brain in vivo. AB - Intraperitoneal administration of pargyline HCl induced a dose-dependent accumulation of 3-methoxytyramine and normetanephrine in mouse brain in vivo. As judged by the decrease of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels a dose of 200 mg/kg of pargyline appeared to inhibit monoamine oxidase completely. This dose led to an approximately linear accumulation of 3-methoxytyramine and normetanephrine during the first 3 hours. gamma-Butyrolactone, 750 mg/kg i.p. reduced the accumulation of 3-methoxytyramine despite a marked increase of dopamine. (+) Amphetamine stimulated 3-methoxytyramine as well as normetanephrine accumulation at doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg i.p. In line with the concept of receptor-mediated negative feedback control of catecholaminergic transmission the dopamine receptor agonists apomorphine, 0.3 mg/kg i.p., lisuride, 0.05--0.3 mg/kg i.p., and bromocriptine, 10 mg/kg i.p., decrease 3-methoxytyramine formation while the dopamine receptor blocking agent haloperidol, 1 mg/kg i.p., led to a 3-fold increase. The alpha-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine, 0.1 mg/kg i.p., reduced the formation of normetanephrine and the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists yohimbine, 10 mg per kg i.p., phenoxybenzamine, 20 mg/kg i.p., and mianserine, 50 mg/kg i.p., stimulated normetanephrine accumulation 1.5- to 4-fold. 3-Methoxytyramine and normetanephrine accumulating after inhibition of monoamine oxidase appear to be reliable indicators of dopamine and noradrenaline release and metabolism. PMID- 7241117 TI - Experimental cerebral infarction in primates: regional changes in brain histamine content. AB - Histamine levels in different regions of the brain in the primate Macaca Radiata were studied following experimental infarction induced in the basal ganglia by coagulation of the middle cerebral artery. In the basal ganglia an elevation of histamine level was seen probably due to proliferation of mast cells. In the hypothalamus, a main constituent of the ascending histaminergic neuronal pathway, a sharp rise in histamine content occurred in infarcted as well as sham-operated animals: this probably reflects non-specific stress-related alterations. In contrast, the cortical area of the ischemic hemisphere showed a higher elevation of histamine, demonstrating that infarction in one region can cause widespread specific changes in histaminergic systems remote from the infarct. The rise in histamine level at the ischemic site could evoke an increase in microcirculation which might aggravate cerebral edema, while changes in the remote regions may be responsible for some of the neurological deficits following stroke. PMID- 7241113 TI - Somatization disorder (Briquet's syndrome) in a male veteran. AB - The authors present here a case of somatization disorder in a heterosexual male veteran. The age at onset of 7 years is the earliest yet reported in a male. Extensive medical records provide a unique opportunity to follow the course of a relatively severe case of this condition and demonstrate that it fulfills the most rigorous diagnostic criteria that have been formulated. Yet, the case of Orville N is more than a lengthy list of medically unexplained symptoms, showing as it does a number of other features traditionally associated with the broad category of hysterical psychopathology. PMID- 7241118 TI - Alteration of acetylcholine synthesis in mouse brain cortex in mild hypoxic hypoxia. AB - Acetylcholine synthesis in four brain regions (cerebral neocortex, hippocampus, septum and striatum) of the mouse during mild hypoxic hypoxia was measured by using [U-14C]glucose and [2H4]choline. At the same time, concentrations of norepinephrine and dopamine in four brain regions (cerebral neocortex, hippocampus, striatum and hypothalamus) were also estimated. During 12% O2 hypoxia, concentrations of acetylcholine in the striatum were significantly decreased (P less than 0.05), whereas [2H4]acetylcholine, lactate and glucose did not alter in any regions studied. During 12% O2 hypoxia, concentrations of choline and [2H4]choline were significantly increased in all regions examined (P less than 0.05), except the [2H4]choline inthe striatum. Radioactivity (dpm/100 mg protein) and specific activity (dpm/nmol) of acetylcholine were significantly decreased in the cerebral neocortex, hippocampus and septum (P less than 0.01) during 12% O2 hypoxia. A particularly marked decrease was found in the hippocampus, strongly suggesting that cholinergic terminals are particularly sensitive to hypoxia. In addition, these data also suggest that the acetylcholine synthesis from glucose might be more sensitive to hypoxia than that from choline. During 12% O2 hypoxia, concentrations of catecholamine did not alter in any regions examined, whereas during 9% O2 hypoxia dopamine was significantly decreased in the cerebral neocortex and hippocampus (P less than 0.05). PMID- 7241119 TI - Morphological and electrophysiological evidence for habenular influence on the guinea-pig pineal gland. AB - The central innervation of the guinea-pig pineal gland was investigated by histological and electrophysiological methods: Staining the pineal gland and the epithalamus, a double route of central innervation could be shown in the anterior part of the organ: (a) Fibres from the habenular nuclei, mainly from the lateral part, penetrate the organ via the pineal stalk. (b) Other fibres join the striae medullares and running in the habenulae reach the organ more dorsally. The fibres end in the intercellular space where they form a dense network. In 15 male guinea pigs under urethane anesthesia, two series of unit recording experiments were performed: (a) Recordings were made from 128 units in the posterior and anterior part of the pineal gland and the effects of electrical stimulation of the habenular nuclei were observed. Lateral habenular stimulation influenced 44% of the units. 80% of these were excited and 20% were inhibited. (b) Recordings were made from 42 units in the lateral habenular nucleus. Twelve units (29%) responded with an augmentation of spontaneous activity following pineal gland stimulation. No inhibition response was observed. PMID- 7241120 TI - Role of the pineal gland in male rats chronically exposed to increased temperature. AB - The effects of the pineal gland on endocrine function (especially those of the gonads) were investigated in male rats chronically exposed to increased temperature. Weanling male rats were either pinealectomized (Px) or sham-operated (Sh). Following one week of recovery, animals were assigned to either control temperature of 21 +/- 1 degree C (PxC and ShC) or a temperature of 35 +/- 1 degrees C (PxH and ShH). The animals were kept at their respective temperature for at least 30 days. In both groups (PxH and ShH) exposure to increased temperature resulted in a significant reduction in body and hypophysial weights, and in serum LH and testosterone levels as compared with the respective controls (PxC and ShC). Rectal temperature and serum corticosterone were also significantly increased. No changes were found in pineal hydroxyindole-O methyltransferase activity of sham-operated rats kept in increased temperature (ShH vs. ShC). Pinealectomy alone (PxC vs. ShC) did not alter any of the measured parameters, except for increased pituitary LH content. Increased temperature plus pinealectomy (PxH vs. PxC; and PxH vs. ShH) caused a significant reduction in pituitary LH content and further accentuated (PxH vs. ShH) the diminished serum LH and testosterone levels evoked by exposure to high temperature. The results suggest that in male rats the pineal gland may play a role in moderating the changes in the reproductive processes that are induced by increased temperature. PMID- 7241123 TI - Histochemical study of the cholinesterase activity in cat myenteric ganglia during postnatal development. AB - The changes in the cholinesterase activity of cat myenteric ganglia during the postnatal development are studied histochemically. During early postnatal development, the increase in enzyme activity is particularly pronounced in the perikarya of the myenteric neurones. Intensification of the reaction in the neuropile is characteristic after the 14th postnatal day and also persists in adult animals. The localization and intensity of the histochemical reaction in the individual neurones of a single ganglion is variable. The changes in enzyme activity are not identical in dynamics and localization in the myenteric ganglia in the areas of the alimentary tract examined, this difference being observed throughout the entire postnatal development. PMID- 7241122 TI - Drinking behavior and the development of hypothalamic lesions from aspartame ingestion in water-restricted weanling mice. AB - Wealing mice that had been deprived overnight of water, or of water and diet, were offered a solution containing L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine-methylester (APM) or monosodium L-aspartate monohydrate (MSA) as the sole source of drinking water, and/or a diet containing large amounts of APM and/or MSA for 30 min, and were killed subsequently. Only those animals exposed to concentrated (6.64% W/V) MSA solutions developed neuronal lesions in the hypothalamic arcuate nuclei. Those offered MSA in the diet only, or APM either in the diet and/or in solution, failed to develop such lesions. Apparently water-restricted weanling mice lose their ability to regulate subsequent drinking behavior, and consume hyperosmolar MSA or APM solutions whose osmolarity or sweetness would be aversive to humans. Such animals are unsuitable for the safety evaluation of APM. PMID- 7241121 TI - The role of the pineal gland in neuroendocrine control mechanisms of neoplastic growth. AB - A survey of papers read during a workshop held in Vienna, 1977, is given showing that the pineal gland can be considered a model for research on neuroendocrine control mechanisms in neoplastic growth. From data obtained by different authors it can be concluded that the role of the pineal indole melatonin is very important in regard of the incidence and the development of tumours. On the basis of all the facts mentioned in this paper it is obvious that pineal gland activity should be included into the neuroendocrine factors studied in relation with oncogenic processes. For future research a number of experimental approaches, which need special emphasis, are recommended. PMID- 7241124 TI - High-affinity uptake of spermine by slices of rat cerebral cortex. AB - The accumulation of the polyamine spermine into 0.1-mm prisms of rat cerebral cortex has been investigated at both 37 percent C and at 4 percent C. Kinetic analysis of the temperature-sensitive portion of uptake indicates two high affinity saturable components together with an unsaturable component at high concentrations. The "very high'-affinity saturable system (K(m)= 3.8 nM) was temperature- and sodium-dependent, and significantly reduced by metabolic inhibitors, finding that are consistent with an active transport system for spermine into brain tissue. The "high'-affinity saturable component (K(m)= 0.44 micron) was sodium-dependent and inhibited by ouabain, but only partially susceptible to inhibition by 2,4-dinitrophenol and sodium cyanide. The significance of these results with respect to the function of spermine in the central nervous system is discussed. PMID- 7241126 TI - [(3)H]Choline uptake and metabolism in nonsynaptic regions of a crustacean sensory nerve. AB - The posterior stomach nerve (PSN) is a crustacean sensory nerve containing about 60 cholinergic neurons, which are devoid of synaptic interactions. Kinetic analysis shows that the PSN takes up [(3)H]choline by both low-affinity (K(m) = 163 micron) and high-affinity (Na(?dependent) (K(m) - 1 micron) processes. The capacity of the high-affinity system is only about 1% that of the low-affinity system. The high-affinity system is not tightly coupled to acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis, and it appears that both ACh and phosphorylcholine are formed from an intracellular pool of choline, which is fed by both uptake systems. There are differences in the rates of [(3)H]choline uptake and (3)H metabolite accumulation between regions of the PSN that contain neuronal cell bodies and those that do not. These differences may arise from differences in the relative proportion of neuronal to nonneuronal tissue in each nerve region. PMID- 7241125 TI - Effect of L-tryptophan on mouse brain 5-hydroxytryptamine: comparison of values obtained using a fluorimetric assay and a liquid Chromatographic assay with electrochemical detection. AB - 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in mouse brain and spinal cord was assayed in the same samples using a fluorimetric assay and a high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay with electrochemical detection. The HPLC assay was able to detect levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine as low as 0.2-0.5 pmol. With the column (Vydac cation exchange), solvent system (acetate/citrate buffer, 0.1 or 0.2 M, pH 4.8 5.2) extraction procedure and electrode potential (+0.55 V) used, the HPLC assay was specific for 5-HT. When the electrode potential was increased to +0.9 V tryptamine could also be detected, with a longer retention time than 5 hydroxytryptamine. The percent-age increase in mouse brain 5-hydroxytryptamine after pargyline (75 mg/kg) and pargyline L-tryptophan (100 mg/kg) was very similar whether measured by fluorimetry or HPLC, although the fluorimetric assay gave consistently higher absolute values (24-32%) in both control and drug treated animals. L-Tryptophan (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) also increased brain 5 hydroxytryptamine with similar percentage increases with either assay method. There was a significant correlation (P less than 0.001) between the values obtained with the two assay methods. The results confirm the use of HPLC with electrochemical detection as a sensitive and specific assay method for 5 hydroxytryptamine and indicate its potential use for the assay of tryptamine, and the importance of determining the electroactivity and retention characteristics of any drugs used. PMID- 7241127 TI - Distribution of six synaptic membrane antigens in subcellular fractions of rat brain cortex. AB - The subcellular distribution in rat brain cortex of six synaptic membrane antigens (56K, 58K, 62K, 63K, 64K, 66K) was studied by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, using antiserum to a highly purified synaptic plasma membrane fraction. Initial analysis of the insoluble portion of subcellular fractions showed that these antigens were also present in smooth microsomes, rough microsomes, and synaptic vesicles; that only traces were present in synaptic junctions; and that none was present in nuclei, mitochondria, and myelin. A trace amount of activity was also present in synaptic vesicle cytosol, but none in whole brain cytosol. Quantitative measurements of synaptic plasma membranes, smooth microsomes, and synaptic vesicles showed that all six antigens were present in synaptic plasma membranes and smooth microsomes, but that the 66K antigen was absent from synaptic vesicles. The 56K, 58K, 62, 63K, and 64K antigens were present in highest concentration in synaptic plasma membranes, whereas the 66K antigen content was highest in smooth microsomes. Only the 58K, 62K, and 63K antigen were detectable in the membrane fraction of whole brain. Their enrichments in synaptic plasma membranes were 10.9, 5.4, and 5.9, respectively. We conclude that the 56K, 58K, 62K, 63K and 64K antigens are primary components of synaptic plasma membranes. The presence of synaptic plasma membrane antigens in smooth microsomes and synaptic vesicles probably represents material being actively transported, consistent with the hypothesis that proteins of synaptic plasma membranes and synaptic vesicles are hypothesis that proteins of synaptic plasma membranes and synaptic vesicles are transported via smooth endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7241128 TI - Specific binding sites for S-100 protein in isolated brain nuclei. AB - Isolated brain nuclei possess binding sites for S-100 protein. The interaction of S-100 with these sites is specific and time-, temperature-, and Ca+ -dependent. The profile of the (125)I-labelled S-100 binding inhibition is biphasic, displaying a high-affinity component and a low-affinity component. The S-100 binding to brain nuclei is largely irreversible, probably owing to the formation of a tight complex between the protein and its nuclear binding sites. The S-100 binding to brain nuclei is in most aspects similar to that to synaptosomal membranes. Several lines of evidence indicate, however, that the S-100 binding to nuclei is not due to contamination of these structures with plasma membranes. Isolated liver nuclei do not possess the high-affinity component of S-100 binding. PMID- 7241129 TI - Subnuclear distribution of the S-100 protein specific binding sites in rat brain. AB - Fractionation of isolated brain nuclei previously reacted with (125)I-labelled S 100 showed that most of the specifically bound radioactivity associated with the nuclear membranes and the nucleoli. Labelling of nucleoli, which indicates the entrance of (125)I-labelled S-100 into the nucleus, was observed at 37 percent C, but not at 0-4 percent C. When tested separately for (125)I-labelled S-100 specific binding, both the nuclear membranes and the nucleoli were found to bind (125)I-labelled S-100 in a biphasic manner, the binding displaying a high affinity and a low affinity component, as observed with intact nuclei. However, the binding to nuclear membranes was largely irreversible, while that to nucleoli was fully reversible after any association time. PMID- 7241130 TI - Acetylcholine turnover and compartmentation in rat brain synaptosomes. AB - The turnover of acetylcholine (ACh) in rat brain synaptosomes and its compartmentation in the labile bound and stable bound pools were investigated. The P(2) fraction from rat brain was subjected to three sequential incubations, each terminated by centrifugation followed by determination of ACh concentrations by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS): (1) Depletion phase: Incubation of synaptosomes at 37 percent C for 10 min in Na+ -free buffer containing 35 mM KCl reduced the content of both labile bound and stable bound ACh by 40%. (2) Synthesis phase: incubation at 37 percent C with 2 micrometer-[(2)H(4)]choline resulted in accumulation of labeled and unlabeled ACh in both compartments. Addition of an anticholinesterase had little effect on stable bound ACh but greatly increased the content of labile bound ACh. This excess accumulated ACh was probably due to inhibition of intracellular acetylcholinesterase (AChE), because negligible uptake of ACh from the medium was observed. The effects on ACh synthesis of altered cation concentrations and metabolic inhibitors were examined. (3) Release phase: The tissue was incubated in the presence of 35 mM KCl, 40 micrometer-paraoxon, and 20 micrometer-hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) (to inhibit further synthesis of ACh). Measurements of the compartmental localization of ACh at several time points indicated that ACh was being released from the labile bound fraction. In support of this conclusion, 20 mM-Mg2+ reduced ACh release and increased the labile bound ACh concentration. PMID- 7241131 TI - Characterization of adenylate cyclase purified from rat brain by hydrophobic chromatography. AB - Hydrophobic chromatography of detergent-solubilized rat brain adenylate cyclase on dodecyl-Sepharose produced a species that was soluble in the absence of detergent and could be manipulated like a conventional hydrophilic protein. Sevenfold purification was achieved by this technique. Further purification could then be effected by affinity chromatography on ATP-Sepharose. The purified enzyme was no longer sensitive to fluoride or guanyl nucleotides. No interaction of brain adenylate cyclase was observed with immobilized triazinyl dyes such as Cibacron Blue 3GA nor with con-canavalin A-Sepharose. The molecular weight of the fluoride-activated catalytic complex in a freeze-dried membrane preparation was estimated to be 133,000 by irradiation inactivation. PMID- 7241132 TI - Simultaneous measurement of cerebral blood flow and unidirectional movement of substances across the blood-brain barrier: theory, method, and application to leucine. AB - The uptake of compounds by the brain depends upon cerebral blood flow. To determine the normal blood flow-cerebral extraction relationship, a method for rapid, simultaneous measurement of cerebral blood flow and brain extraction was developed and applied to blood-brain leucine transfer. Awake rats were injected intravenously with a mixture of n-[(14)C]butanol and [(3)H]leucine. The quantities of indicators accumulated over the following 5-12 s in brain and in a sample of arterial blood withdrawn at a know rate were used to determine the flux of butanol and leucine into brain. Butanol extraction was assessed independently by measuring arterial and cerebral venous concentrations of the indicator after a bolus injection. Cerebral blood flow was equal to the ratio of butanol flux into brain to butanol extraction by brain; leucine extraction was then calculated as the ratio of leucine influx to cerebral blood flow. Leucine extraction by brain and cerebral blood flow were shown to be related exponentially. The maximum velocity of active leucine transport was virtually the same at flows of 150 and 400 ml/100 g/min. The present method is theoretically applicable to the measurement of the extraction of any compound from blood by brain. By measuring the normal blood flow-extraction relationship, one can differentiate changes in extraction secondary to altered flow from changes intrinsic to pathologic conditions with inconstant cerebral blood flow. PMID- 7241134 TI - Organization of brain synaptic vesicle proteins. PMID- 7241133 TI - Decreased transmethylation of biogenic amines after in vivo elevation of brain S adenosyl-l-homocysteine. AB - The ability of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) to inhibit biologic transmethylation reactions in vitro has led us to explore the possibility of pharmacologically manipulating AdoHcy levels in vivo and examining the consequences of these alterations on the transmethylation of some biogenic amines. Swiss-Webster mice were injected intraperitoneally with different doses of adenosine (Ado) and D, L-homocysteine thiolactone (Hcy) and were killed at various times thereafter. S-Adenosyl-methionine (AdoMet) and AdoHcy concentrations were determined by using a modified isotope dilution-ion exchange chromatography-high pressure liquid chromatography technique sensitive to less than 10 pmol. Increasing doses of Ado + Hcy (50-1000 mg/kg of each) produced a dose-related increase in blood, liver, and brain AdoHcy levels. At a dose level of 200 mg/kg Ado + Hcy, AdoHcy levels were markedly elevated, with minimal concomitant perturbations of AdoMet. This elevation was maximal 40 min after giving Ado + Hcy, returning to control values within 6 h. Ado + Hcy treatment resulted in decreased activities of catechol-O-methyltransferase, histamine-N methyltransferase, and AdoHcy hydrolase in vitro. The cerebral catabolism of intraventricularly administered [(3)H]histamine (HA) was decreased in a dose related manner by Ado + Hcy treatment as evidenced by higher amounts of nonutilized [(3)H]HA in brain, concurrent decreases in [(3)H]methylhistamine formation, and decreases in the transmethylation conversion index. Steady state levels of HA also showed dose-related increases after Ado + Hcy treatment. It is concluded that injections of Ado + Hcy can markedly elevate AdoHcy levels in vivo, which can, in turn, decrease the rate of transmethylation reactions. PMID- 7241135 TI - Reduction in brain glucose utilization rate after tryptophol (3-indole ethanol) treatment. AB - 3-Indole ethanol has been recently identified as the hypnotic agent in trypanosomal sleeping sickness, and because it is formed in vivo after ethanol or disulfiram treatment, is also associated with the study of alcoholism. When administered intraperitoneally to rats (250 mg/kg) tryptophol induced a sleep like state that lasted less than an hour (no righting reflex was apparent 2 min after injection, but it returned at 11 min in bovine serum albumin solution, and 47 min in 40% ethanol solution). In ethanol solutions, tryptophol reduced brain cortical glucose utilization by 55% to the basal brain metabolic rate, and this effect lasted less than 1 h. Synergistic effects of tryptophol and ethanol were suggested by the observation that in albumin solution, tryptophol reduced brain glucose utilization by 35%, but a normal rate was not observed until 2 h postinjection. PMID- 7241136 TI - Simultaneous release of acetylcholine and ATP from stimulated cholinergic synaptosomes. AB - The release of acetylcholine (ACh) and ATP from pure cholinergic synaptosomes isolated from the electric organ of Torpedo was studied in the same perfused sample. A presynaptic ATP release was demonstrated either by depolarization with KCl or after the action of a venom extracted from the annelid Glycera convoluta (GV). The release of ATP exhibited similar kinetics to that of ACh release and was therefore probably closely related to the latter. The ACh/ATP ratio in perfusates after KCl depolarization was 45; this was much higher than the ACh/ATP ratio in cholinergic synaptic vesicles, which was 5. The ACh/ATP ratio released after the action of GV was also higher than that of synaptic vesicles. These differences are discussed. The stoichiometry of that of synaptic vesicles. These differences are discussed. The stoichiometry of ACh and ATP release is not consistent with the view that the whole synaptic vesicle content is released by exocytosis after KCl depolarization, as is the case for chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla. PMID- 7241137 TI - Effects of altered thyroid states on myelinogenesis. AB - Myelinogenesis was studied in controls and in rats treated since birth with Methimazole (hypothyroid) or thyroxine (hyperthyroid). The amount of myelin in forebrain and its protein composition were determined between 13 and 40 days of age, the period of most rapid myelin accumulation. Hypothyroid rats had reduced on both and brain weights relative to controls and the yield of myelin was reduced on both a per brain and a per milligram brain protein basis. Developmental changes in the protein composition of isolated myelin followed the pattern of control animals (the percentage of total myelin protein present as proteolipid protein, large basic protein, and small basic protein increased, as did the ratio of proteolipid/large basic protein) but were delayed temporally by 1-2 days. Hyperthyroid rats also had reduced body and brain weights. At 13 days myelin accumulation was greater than that of controls, corresponding to an earlier initiation of myelination. At later ages myelin yield was reduced on a per brain basis but not on a per milligram brain protein basis. The developmental pattern of myelin protein composition was accelerated temporally by 1-2 days. Myelination in optic nerve, assayed by proteolipid protein content, also was slightly delayed in hypothyroid animals and somewhat accelerated in hyperthyroid animals. The relative synthesis of myelin proteins (determined as incorporation of intracranially injected [(3)H]glycine into myelin protein relative to incorporation into whole brain protein), as well as distribution of radioactivity among individual myelin proteins, was determined. The results supported the conclusion of the myelin protein accumulation study; hypothyroidism retards the developmental program for myelinogenesis, whereas in the hyperthyroid state myelin synthesis is initiated earlier but is also terminated earlier. PMID- 7241138 TI - Choline uptake and acetylcholine synthesis in synaptosomes: investigations using two different labeled variants of choline. AB - Using sequential incubations in media of different K+ composition, we investigated the dynamics of choline (Ch) uptake and acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis in rat brain synaptosomal preparations, using two different deuterated variants of choline and a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) assay for ACh and Ch. Synaptosomes were preincubated for 10 min in a Krebs medium with or without high K+ and with 2 micrometer-[(2)H(9)]Ch. At the end of the preincubation al variants of ACh and Ch were measured in samples of the pellet and medium. In the second incubation (4 min) samples of synaptosomes were resuspended in normal or high K+ solutions containing [(2)H(4)]Ch (2 micrometer) and all variants of ACh and Ch were measured in the pellet and medium at the end of this period. This protocol allowed us to compare the effects of preincubation in normal or high K+ solution on the metabolism during a second low or high K+ incubation of a [(2)H(9)]Ch pool accumulated during the preincubation period. Moreover, we were able to compare and contrast the effects of this protocol on [(2)H(9)]Ch metabolism versus [(2)H(4)]Ch metabolism. The most striking result we obtained was that [(2)H(9)]Ch that had been retained by the synaptosomes after the preincubation was not acetylated during a subsequent incubation in normal or high K+ media. This result suggests that if an intraterminal pool of Ch is involved in ACh synthesis, the size of this pool is below the limits of detection of our assay. We have confirmed the observation that a prior depolarizing incubation results in an enhanced uptake of Ch during a second incubation in normal K+ Krebs. Moreover, Ch uptake is stimulated by prior incubation under depolarizing conditions relative to normal preincubation when the second incubation is in a high K+ solution. These results are discussed in terms of current models of the regulation of ACh synthesis in brain. PMID- 7241139 TI - Demonstration and characterization of opiate inhibition of the striatal adenylate cyclase. AB - The conditions in which Leu(5)-enkephalin inhibition of striatal adenylate cyclase was observed were defined. It was determined that enkephalin inhibition was dependent on GTP. The apparent K(m) for GTP in opiate inhibition was determined to be 0.5 and 2 micrometer when 0.1 mM- and 0.5 mM-ATP were used as substrate. ITP, but not CTP or UTP, could substitute for GTP in the reaction. Though the addition of monovalent cations-Na+, K+, Li+, Cs+, and choline+- stimulated striatal adenylate cyclase activity, enkephalin inhibition of striatal adenylate cyclase did not require Na+ when theophylline was used as the phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Under optimal conditions, i.e., 20 micrometer-GTP and 100 mM-Na+, Leu(5)-enkephalin inhibited the strial adenylate cyclase activity by 23-27%. When the enkephalin regulation of the cyclase activity was further characterized, it was observed that Leu(5)-enkephalin inhibited the rate of the enzymatic reaction. Kinetic analysis revealed that the opioid peptide decreases V (max) values but not the K(m) values for the substrates Mg2+ and Mg-ATP. Agents such as MnCl(2), NaF, and guanyl-5'-ylimido-diphosphate, which directly activated the adenylate cyclase, antagonized the opiate inhibition. Levorphanol and ( )naloxone were more potent than dextrorphan and (+) naloxone in inhibiting adenylate cyclase and in reversing the enkephalin inhibition, respectively. There were differences in the potencies of various opiate peptides in their inhibition of striatal adenylate cyclase activity, with Met5- > Leu(5)-enkephalin > beta endorphin. The opiate receptor through which the enkephalin inhibition was observed is most likely delta in nature, since in the presence of either Na+ or K+, the magnitude of the alkaloid inhibition was reduced, whereas the peptide inhibition was either potentiated or not affected. PMID- 7241142 TI - Enhancement of 45Ca2+ binding to acidic lipids by barbiturates, diphenylhydantoin, and ethanol. AB - Effects of barbiturates, diphenylhydantoin, and ethanol on 45Ca2+ binding to acidic lipids have been examined in an organic, solvent-aqueous partition system. Hexobarbital, pentobarbital, and phenobarbital, at concentrations of 0.3 and/or 0.6 mM, enhanced the binding of 45Ca2+ to phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and sulfatide but not to phosphatidylinositol or cardiolipin. Diphenylhydantoin, 0.3 mM, enhanced 45Ca2+ binding to phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine but not to sulfatide. Ethanol at 80 mM did not enhance 45Ca2+ binding to phosphatidic acid, but ethanol decreased the binding to cardiolipin and increased it to sulfatide. PMID- 7241140 TI - Effect of changing potassium ion concentrations on rat cerebral slices in vitro: a study during development. AB - Adult rat cerebral cortex slices when incubated in media in increasing K+ concentrations, from 3 to 20 mM ("physiological" conditions), exhibited an increase of Ki+ and a decrease of Nai+ and Cli-. This phenomenon appeared at 30 days postnatally, which is fairly late during development. Over 20 mM-K+ ("pathological" conditions) an intense water uptake was observed together with an increase of Nai+ and Cli-. This was observed in both adult and young animals. The results are discussed in relation to the well known properties of glial (Na+,K+) ATPase and carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 7241141 TI - Phosphatidylinositol labelling in response to activation of muscarinic receptors in bovine adrenal medulla. AB - The secretion of catecholamines and the labelling of phospholipids with 32Pi has been studied in slices of bovine adrenal medulla. Both nicotinic and muscarinic drugs provoked catecholamine secretion, but only muscarinic activation was accompanied by the increased labelling of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid. PMID- 7241143 TI - Phosphoryl group transfer by a fraction of the soluble proteins of catecholamine storage vesicles. AB - The terminal phosphate group of ATP was transferred to ADP by an enzyme present in the soluble core proteins of adrenal medulla catecholamine storage vesicles. It was purified 10-30-fold by DEAE Sephadex chromatography (Fraction I). The enzyme required divalent metal ions for activation; Mn2+ was almost as effective as Mg2+, but Ca2+ was only a weak activator. Activation by Mg2+ took place over a very narrow concentration range (0.5-3 mM). The specificity of the enzyme activity to nucleoside triphosphates was broad, to the nucleoside diphosphates narrow, favouring adenosine diphosphate. In dependence on the pH the activity increased from pH 4 to pH 7 and remained constantly high between pH 7 and 9. The Arrhenius plot was linear between 5 and 70 degrees C, with an activation energy of 11.1 kcal/mol. The phosphoryl group transfer reaction depended on the function of thiol groups; p-hydroxymercuribenzoate inhibited 50% of the enzyme activity; dithioerythritol reactivated it completely. Gel electrophoresis revealed that in Fraction I, a protein of molecular weight about 45,000, was enriched compared with the total proteins. The enzyme-enriched Fraction I differed significantly in its relative amino acid composition from that of the total soluble proteins; in general, the acidic amino acids were reduced and the more basic acids enhanced. PMID- 7241144 TI - Studies on the interaction of Ca2+ ions with some fractions of the neurospecific S-100 protein. AB - Fractions of neurospecific S-100 protein were purified from bovine brain and their physicochemical properties were studied. Conformational changes caused by the binding of calcium to S-100 protein fractions were detected by means of differential and fluorescence spectroscopy. Fractions demonstrating opposite shifts of their spectra also differ in the distribution in double-phase system. The number of calcium-binding centers and their association. The nature of the differences in the interaction of various S-100 protein fractions with calcium is discussed. PMID- 7241145 TI - Phosphorylation-mediated changes in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity influence pyruvate-supported calcium accumulation by brain mitochondria. AB - Changes in the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase [pyruvate:lipoamide oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-acetylating), EC 1.2.4.1, PDH], elicited by inhibition of the phosphorylation of its 40,000 Mr alpha-subunit, were compared with changes in pyruvate-supported calcium accumulation by rat brain mitochondria. Dichloroacetate (DCA) produces concentration-dependent inhibition of the phosphorylation of intramitochondrial PDH alpha-subunit, which is accompanied by stimulation of PDH activity and calcium accumulation. DCA did not affect succinate- or ATP-supported mitochondrial calcium accumulation. The concentration of DCA giving half-maximal inhibition of the phosphorylation was almost identical to that giving half-maximal stimulation of PDH activity and calcium accumulation. PDH activity and pyruvate-supported calcium accumulation showed similar dependence on pyruvate concentration with respective apparent affinities for pyruvate of 40 microM and 30 microM, and both activities exhibited positive cooperativity. DCA modified only the maximal activity of PDH or the maximal calcium DCA modified only the maximal activity of PDH or the maximal calcium accumulation without changing either the apparent affinities for pyruvate or calcium or the Hill coefficients. These data provide evidence that calcium accumulation by mitochondria is tightly linked to PDH activity and that changes in the phosphorylation of the PDH alpha-subunit can be reflected in changes in the calcium-buffering ability of mitochondria. This suggests a possible mechanism by which a variety of manipulations, such as repetitive synaptic stimulation, can alter the regulation of internal calcium levels. PMID- 7241146 TI - Anesthetics affect the cerebral metabolic response to circulatory catecholamines. AB - This study examined whether the effect of intravenous infusions of either epinephrine or norepinephrine on cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) in the dog was modified by different anesthetics. Infusions of either epinephrine or norepinephrine at rates of 0.1-0.25 mu.kg-1.min-1 reversibly increased the CMRO2 by 17-23% during anesthesia with cyclopropane 20% and nitrous oxide 50% in oxygen, whereas infusions at rates of 0.1-25.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 had no effect in dogs anesthetized with other inhalational or intravenous agents. Cyclopropane/nitrous oxide also increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier to Evan's blue dye whereas the other anesthetics tested did not. It is concluded that epinephrine and norepinephrine crossed the blood-brain barrier during cyclopropane anesthesia, accounting for the increase in CMRO2. The authors speculate that cyclopropane may have increased blood-brain barrier permeability by a direct effect on endothelial cells or by affecting central adrenergic systems and that epinephrine or norepinephrine may increase CMRO2 either by a direct action on neuronal receptors or via metabolically coupled synaptic events. PMID- 7241147 TI - Development and localization of the thymidine phosphorylating systems in brain. AB - The development of the thymidine phosphorylating systems was studied in various regions of brain. Brain slices from cerebellum, brain stem, and forebrain of rabbits 2, 7, 14, 30, 90, 500, and 2500 days of age were incubated for various times in artificial CSF containing 3 nM-[3H]thymidine at 37 degrees C under 95% O2-5% CO2. When slices from all brain regions of 2-day-old rabbits were incubated in [3H]thymidine for 30 min, tissue-to-medium ratios of 3H were between 2 and 4 and declined with age, and the percentages of the total 3H in perchloric acid homogenates of brain slices as [3H]DNA were 26-29%, declining to low levels with age. However, at all ages and in all regions studied, 41--88% of the 3H within the slices was phosphorylated. After homogenization and subcellular fractionation of the brain slices incubated in [3H]thymidine for 30 min, the highest percentage of [3H]thymidine phosphates plus [3H]DNA was present in the nuclear (crude and purified) and mitochondrial fractions of all brain regions. The [3H]DNA content in the nuclear and mitochondrial fractions declined with age, but the percentage of [3H]thymidine phosphates did not. Thymidine phosphates were synthesized from thymidine in all brain regions tested throughout the entire life span. PMID- 7241148 TI - Synaptosomes from rat brain: morphology, compartmentation, and transmembrane pH and electrical gradients. AB - Morphological studies of synaptosomes isolated from rat brains show that approximately 68% of the synaptosomes in these preparations contain synaptic vesicles (range, 62--72.5%). Approximately 30% of the synaptosomes contain mitochondria, and only less than 20% of the total mitochondria in good preparations are free and not enclosed in synaptic structures. The mitochondrial volume percent calculated on the basis of the measured cytochrome c content is 5% for synaptosomes isolated from anesthetized animals and 11% for synaptosomes isolated from unanesthetized animals. These numbers bracket the value of 8.7% obtained from electron micrographs. The volume percent of intrasynaptic vesicles is 1.5% as calculated from electron micrographs. The pH gradient between the extracellular pH and the mean intracellular pH is --0.45, as measured by equilibrium distributions of methylamine and dimethylamine, and --0.05, as determined by equilibrium distributions of 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione and trimethylacetic acid. Analysis of these data shows that there cannot be a large pH gradient (alkaline inside) across the mitochondria, nor can the synaptic vesicle compartment be very large (less than 1.85%). Equilibrium distribution of [3H]triphenylmethylphosphonium ion in synaptosomal preparations gives a calculated apparent potential of --85 mV, in agreement with our previous value. Analysis of these data using the measured volumes of mitochondrial and intrasynaptic vesicular compartments (8.7 and 1.5%, respectively) gives a maximum possible transmitochondrial membrane potential of --59 mV. PMID- 7241149 TI - Effect of dietary lipid on the acyl group composition of glycerophospholipids of brain endothelial cells in the developing rat. AB - The effects of dietary lipid on the acyl group composition of glycerophospholipids of isolated brain endothelial cell fractions have been determined in the developing rat. Rats were fed high-protein diets containing differing dietary linoleic/linolenic acid ratios but having a similar caloric percentage, or were fed a fat-free diet. With a diet supplemented with corn oil (linoleic/linolenic ratio, 47:1), the proportion of acyl groups of the linolenic acid series (n-3) declines in all glycerophospholipid fractions compared with the controls (linoleic/linolenic ratio, 8.5:1), but the proportion of linoleic acid series (n-6) tends to rise. Consequently, the n-6/n-3 ratio of these glycerophospholipids is markedly higher with corn oil than the control diet. N-9 groups (oleic acid series) are consistently lower in proportion. With fat-free diet, the proportion of n-9 groups is higher in these glycerophospholipids than in the controls, but there is no change in the n-6/n-3 ratio. Comparing the changes produced in the adult and the developing cell fraction, the developing cell fraction is more responsive to dietary influence than that of the adult. PMID- 7241150 TI - Circadian rhythm in pineal methionine S-adenosyltransferase. AB - The circadian rhythm of methionine S-adenosyltransferase, which catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, a cosubstrate for melatonin in the pineal gland, follows the pattern of hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase. Around the middle of the dark period, methionine S-adenosyltransferase and hydroxyindole-O methyltransferase appear to be elevated by 2.5- and 1.5-fold, respectively, and tend to fall back during the light period. PMID- 7241151 TI - Comparative effects of ethanol and malnutrition on the development of catecholamine neurons: a long-lasting effect in the hypothalamus. PMID- 7241152 TI - Distribution of catecholamines in the ventral mesencephalon of human brain, with special reference to Parkinson's disease. PMID- 7241153 TI - Constituents of West African medicinal plants. XXX. Tridictyophylline, a new morphinan alkaloid from Triclisia dictyophylla. AB - Triclisia dictyophylla Diels (Menispermaceae) is a woody climber indigenous to West Africa which has been used natively as a medicinal in the treatment of several ailments. Chromatography of an extract of the whole plant afforded tridictophylline (3), a new morphinan alkaloid whose structure was established by a consideration of spectral data and confirmed by x-ray crystallographic analysis. The bisbenzylisoquinoline dibenzodioxin alkaloids cocsuline (1) and trigilletimine (2) were also isolated from the same extract. PMID- 7241155 TI - Syringomyelia and its surgical treatment--an analysis of 75 patients. AB - A consecutive series of 75 patients with syringomyelia is presented, all of whom were treated by cranio-vertebral operations. Attention is drawn to the difficulty in assessing the results of treatment but 56 stabilised or showed modest improvement after surgery. Occluding the central canal appeared to have no greater influence on the progression of the disease than did simple decompression and did have a higher incidence of complications. Upper motor neurone weakness, joint position sense and central neck pain are the features most likely to improve and it is concluded that relieving the medullary compression resulting from a Chiari type 1 malformation, rather than influencing the syrinx, is the means by which this may occur. Simple decompression with preservation of the arachnoid membrane, combined with syringostomy in certain cases, is recommended. PMID- 7241154 TI - Doridosine, 1-methylisoguanosine, from Anisodoris nobilis; structure, pharmacological properties and synthesis. AB - The new N-methylnucleoside named doridosine, isolated from the shell-less marine dorid nudibranch Anisodoris nobilis, has been identified as 1-methylisoguanosine (1) by its spectral properties and by synthesis via methylation of isoguanosine. Doridosine has been shown to be identical to the nucleoside isolated from the Australian sponge Tedania digitata by Quinn, Gregson, Cook and Bartlett. They have also proved their product to be 1-methylisoguanosine. Doridosine was shown to cause prolonged reduced arterial pressure and reduced heart rate in the rat. The action is qualitatively similar to that of adenosine but of much greater duration, possibly because doridosine is resistant to attack by adenosine deaminase. PMID- 7241157 TI - Gait apraxia in communicating hydrocephalus. AB - Apraxia of gait in patients with communicating hydrocephalus appears in the context of a generalised motor disorder that includes defective righting reflexes, generalised increased tone to passive movements, grasp reflexes, difficulty with serial movements of the hands and defective smooth pursuit eye movements. The inability to walk does not appear to be due to a motor disorder but to release of proprioceptive supporting reactions. This mechanism is triggered by proprioceptive stimuli. PMID- 7241158 TI - Excitability of the monosynaptic reflex pathway in the child from birth to four years of age. AB - The excitability of the monosynaptic reflex pathway was tested in infants and children from birth to four years of age during waking and sleeping. The H reflex, evoked in the soleus muscle, was used to calculate the ratio, maximal H to maximal M, construct recruitment curves and test reflex excitability by the paired stimulus method. The excitability of the monosynaptic reflex pathway during the waking state is greatest at birth; it diminishes gradually during the first years of life without reaching the average level observed in adults by the end of the fourth year of age. From birth, regardless of age, sleep always depresses excitability. The mechanism that underlie this change with age, and with waking or sleeping, are discussed. PMID- 7241160 TI - The clinical relevance of ferritin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid. AB - By means of a new technique (Particle Counting Immunoassay), we have determined the level of ferritin in 470 samples of cerebrospinal fluid of patients with various neurological disorders. The median value obtained in a control group was 2.3 ng/ml with an upper limit at 5.5 ng/ml. the concentrations in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid were independent, but that in cerebrospinal fluid correlated with its total protein content. High values of ferritin were found in infectious meningo-encephalitis, in vascular diseases of the central nervous system, and, unexpectedly, in several cases of dementia without obvious vascular pathology. PMID- 7241159 TI - Myotatic reflexes and the on-off effect in patients with Parkinson's disease. AB - Reflex activity in the biceps and triceps muscles evoked by applied torque perturbations was studied in patients with Parkinson's disease. The perturbations consisted of single pulses or of pseudo-random sequences of pulses of torque. The patients were treated with levodopa and some exhibited marked fluctuations in their clinical disabilities ("on-off" effect). The study was undertaken to see if reflex activity changed in parallel with the fluctuations of their clinical symptoms. It was found that the reflex activity in these patients could be classified into two types, a Type I response differing little from normal and a Type II response exhibiting marked high-frequency (8-14 Hz) oscillations in EMG activity. Both Type I and Type II responses were virtually the same in the "on" as in the "off" state. PMID- 7241156 TI - Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy: a clinical and radiological investigation. AB - Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger's type) was diagnosed in a group of patients with hypertension or arteriosclerosis, who showed acute and subacute neurological deficits, dementia, reduced cerebral blood flow, and white matter low attenuation with mild atrophy and infarcts as the predominant CT scan features. This set of clinical and radiological criteria could be used to make the diagnosis in life, as confirmed neuropathologically in one patient. PMID- 7241161 TI - The effect of dantrolene sodium in relation to blood levels in spastic patients after prolonged administration. AB - In 25 patients with spasticity, pharmacokinetics and effects of dantrolene sodium were investigated after prolonged administration. A beneficial effect occurred in seven patients. The results were better on 100 mg daily than on a higher daily dose. An increase of the daily dose from 200 to 400 mg was not associated with higher blood levels. Many side effects were noted such as: anorexia, nausea, drowsiness, depression and muscle weakness. From this study we conclude that dantrolene sodium is a muscle relaxant with a weak to moderate effect in patients with spasticity; the effect at doses higher than 200 mg daily is probably poor. PMID- 7241162 TI - The use of lisuride in the treatment of multiple system atrophy with autonomic failure (Shy-Drager syndrome). AB - In a controlled trial lisuride, an ergolene derivative with dopamine receptor agonist properties was given maximum tolerated doses (2.4 mg/day) to seven patients with multiple system atrophy with autonomic failure (Shy-Drager syndrome). Improvement in Parkinsonian features occurred in only one patient and another patient who had been deriving marked benefit from levodopa treatment before the study began failed to respond to large doses of lisuride. Psychiatric side effects (including nightmares, isolated visual hallucinations and toxic confusional states) were the dose-limiting factor in six patients. A modest reduction in orthostatic hypotension occurred in two patients, one of whom had experienced an aggravation of this disturbance on levodopa and bromocriptine. Destruction of post-synaptic dopamine receptors and damage to central noradrenergic systems may offer an explanation for the lack of therapeutic effect of lisuride. PMID- 7241163 TI - Nomifensine: effect in Parkinsonian patients not receiving levodopa. AB - A clinical trial using the anti-depressant nomifensine in Parkinsonism is reported. Eighteen subjects not receiving levodopa participated. The drug had a small, but significant anti-Parkinsonian effect. No troublesome side effects were encountered. In the treatment of Parkinsonism, nomifensine may be considered as an alternative to amantadine or anticholinergics, especially where depression is an added feature. PMID- 7241164 TI - Focal lesion of the right cingulum: a case report in a child. AB - A body with a focal lesion of the right cingulum, subjected to cingulectomy for the removal of a tumour, is the first case of an isolated unilateral cingulum lesion to be reported. The presenting symptoms consisted of serious behavioural abnormalities: lack of social restraint, heightened sexuality, bulimia and aggressiveness, all of which ceased after surgery. Neuropsychological tests, done before and after the operation, provided no evidence that the higher cognitive functions, including memory, were impaired. PMID- 7241165 TI - Frequency of hypergraphia in temporal lobe epilepsy: an index of interictal behaviour syndrome. AB - Frequency and degree of hypergraphia were studied in order to assess interictal behaviour change in temporal lobe epilepsy. Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy tended to reply more frequently to a standard questionnaire, and wrote extensively (mean: 1301 words) as compared to others (mean: 106 words). The incidence of temporal lobe epilepsy was 73% in patients exhibiting hypergraphia compared to 17% in patients without this trait. These findings suggest that hypergraphia may be a quantitative index of behaviour change in temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 7241167 TI - Familial bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 7241168 TI - Brainstem encephalitis with serological evidence of St Louis encephalitis. PMID- 7241166 TI - Bilateral cerebellar dysfunctions in a unilateral meso-diencephalic lesion. AB - The clinical syndrome of a 65-year-old patient with a slit-shaped right-sided meso-diencephalic lesion was analysed. A cerebellar syndrome with limb-kinetic ataxia, intention tremor and hypotonicity in all extremities as well as ataxic dysarthria was found. The disruption of the two cerebello-(rubro)-thalamic pathways probably explained the signs of bilateral cerebellar dysfunction. The uncrossed ascending limb of the right, and the crossed one of the left brachium conjunctivum may have been damaged by the unilateral lesion extending between caudal midbrain and dorsal thalamus. PMID- 7241169 TI - Sustained hypertension after section of the glossopharyngeal nerve. PMID- 7241170 TI - Phase of responses to moving sinusoidal gratings in cells of cat retina and lateral geniculate nucleus. PMID- 7241171 TI - Phase of responses to sinusoidal gratings of simple cells in cat striate cortex. PMID- 7241172 TI - Processing of somatosensory information in striatum of behaving cats. PMID- 7241173 TI - Convergence and interaction of neck and macular vestibular inputs on vestibulospinal neurons. PMID- 7241174 TI - Optokinetic response in monkey: underlying mechanisms and their sensitivity to long-term adaptive changes in vestibuloocular reflex. PMID- 7241175 TI - Spectral-response properties of optic-nerve fibers in the ground squirrel. PMID- 7241176 TI - Color-discrimination tests on fibers in ground squirrel optic nerve. PMID- 7241177 TI - Laminar organization of superior colliculus in the rabbit: a study of receptive field properties of single units. PMID- 7241178 TI - Temporal patterning in simple spike discharge of Purkinje cells and its relationship to climbing fiber activity. PMID- 7241179 TI - Correlation between activity of Purkinje cells and its modification by natural peripheral stimuli. PMID- 7241180 TI - Role of climbing fiber afferent input in determining responsiveness of Purkinje cells to mossy fiber inputs. PMID- 7241182 TI - Cerebral vasospasm: presence of mast cells in human cerebral arteries after aneurysm rupture. AB - Mast cells contain heparin, histamine, hydrolytic enzymes, and possibly serotonin in metachromatic cytoplasmic granules, and are not visualized in routine histological preparations. Special fixation, frozen sections, and toluidine blue staining are essential for counting the number of mast cells in tissue sections. Histological preparations for counting mast cells were made from arteries of the circle of Willis in persons who died after chest or abdominal trauma (control group) and in patients who had subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) after aneurysm rupture. The arteries were removed within 6 hours of death, taking care to avoid damage to their structure, and were immersed in the fixative solution. This preliminary note, reporting findings in only a few cases, is justified by the interesting discovery of a marked increase in mast cell population in the muscular layer of arteries after SAH. The series is small because of the difficulty in obtaining suitable material, since mast cells virtually disappear when autopsy is performed later than 6 hours after death. It is concluded from this study that there is an increase of mast cell population in cerebral arterial walls after SAH, mainly in the muscular layer, and that the number of mast cells is higher in arteries closer to the aneurysm. PMID- 7241183 TI - Pharmacokinetics of epsilon-aminocaproic acid during peritoneal dialysis. AB - Two patients requiring peritoneal dialysis were treated with epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), an antifibrinolytic agent. Samples of serum and dialysate were assayed for EACA concentrations. Total body clearance, dialysis clearance, EACA half-life, and volume of distribution of EACA were calculated. Total body clearance of EACA was 26 ml/min, which is 25% of the drug clearance in patients with normal renal function. Our results suggest that patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis should receive 25% of the usual recommended dose of EACA. Dialysis clearance accounted for only 58% of total body clearance, suggesting an alternative route of elimination of EACA. PMID- 7241185 TI - A modified slit-valve shunt prototype for the management of hydrocephalus. PMID- 7241184 TI - Improved confidence of outcome prediction in severe head injury. A comparative analysis of the clinical examination, multimodality evoked potentials, CT scanning, and intracranial pressure. AB - An analysis of clinical signs, singly or in combination, multimodality evoked potentials (MEP's), computerized tomography scans, and intracranial pressure (ICP) data was undertaken prospectively in 133 severely head-injured patients to ascertain the accuracy, reliability, and relative value of these indicants individually, or in various combinations, in predicting one of two categories of outcome. Erroneous predictions, either falsely optimistic (FO) or falsely pessimistic (FP), were analyzed to gain pathophysiological insights into the disease process. Falsely optimistic predictions occurred because of unpredictable complications, whereas FP predictions were due to intrinsic weakness of the indicants as prognosticators. A combination of clinical data, including age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, pupillary response, presence of surgical mass lesions, extraocular motility, and motor posturing predicted outcome with 82% accuracy, 43% with over 90% confidence. Nine percent of predictions were FO and 9% FP. The GCS score alone was accurate in 80% of predictions, but at a lower level of confidence (25% at the over-90% level), with 7% FO and 13% FP. Computerized tomography and ICP data in isolation proved to be poor prognostic indicants. When combined individually with clinical data, however, they increased the number of predictions made with over 90% confidence to 52% and 55%, respectively. Data from MEP's represented the most accurate single prognostic indicant, with 91% correct predictions, 25% at the over-90% confidence level. There were no FP errors associated with this indicant. Supplementation of the clinical examination with MEP data yielded optimal prognostic power, an 89% accuracy rate, with 64% over the 90% confidence level and only 4% FP errors. The clinical examination remains the strongest basis for prognosticating outcome in severe head injury, but additional studies enhance the reliability of such predictions. PMID- 7241181 TI - Postoperative intracranial pressure in patients operated on for cerebral aneurysms following subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - The postoperative intracranial pressure (ICP) in 36 patients operated on for cerebral aneurysm following subarachnoid hemorrhage was studied. Not only was the baseline ICP significantly lower in patients whose outcome was assessed as "good" as compared with those patients with a worse outcome at 1 month after surgery, but also the height of the plateau waves and B-waves was significantly less in the patients who did well. The baseline ICP and the height of the B-wave formation were unrelated to the position of the aneurysm. Plateau waves were marginally significantly higher in aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery complex. Neither preoperative hypertension nor the use of antifibrinolytic agents made any difference to postoperative ICP. In patients with cerebral arterial vasospasm found preoperatively on the angiograms, the ICP tended to be lower in the postoperative period than in those without spasm. PMID- 7241186 TI - Communicating hydrocephalus in newborn hamsters and cats following vaccinia virus infection. AB - Newborn hamsters and kittens infected with vaccinia virus developed communicating hydrocephalus without fibrotic changes in the meninges. Following intracerebral viral inoculation, a transient inflammation of the meninges, ependyma, and choroid plexus was found. One month later, 70% of hamsters infected with the WR strain of vaccinia virus and 35% infected with the vaccine strain developed hydrocephalus. The mechanism of hydrocephalus production is unclear, but differs from other models in which it is associated with stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius or fibrosis of the subarachnoid space. PMID- 7241187 TI - Thresholds of focal cerebral ischemia in awake monkeys. AB - An awake-primate model has been developed which permits reversible middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion during physiological monitoring. This method eliminates the ischemia-modifying effects of anesthesia, and permits correlation of neurological function with cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neuropathology. The model was used to assess the brain's tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia. The MCA was occluded for 15 or 30 minutes, 2 to 3 hours, or permanently. Serial monitoring evaluated neurological function, local CBF (hydrogen clearance), and other physiological parameters (blood pressure, blood gases, and intracranial pressure). After 2 weeks, neuropathological evaluation identified infarcts and their relation to blood flow recording sites. Middle cerebral artery occlusion usually caused substantial decreases in local CBF. Variable reduction in flow correlated directly with the variable severity of deficit. Release of occlusion at up to 3 hours led to clinical improvement. Pathological examination showed microscopic foci of infarction after 15 to 30 minutes of ischemia, moderate to large infarcts after 2 to 3 hours of ischemia, and in most cases large infarcts after permanent MCA occlusion. Local CBF appeared to define thresholds for paralysis and infarction. When local flow dropped below about 23 cc/100 gm/min, reversible paralysis occurred. When local flow fell below 10 to 12 cc/100 gm/min for 2 to 3 hours or below 17 to 18 cc/100 gm/min during permanent occlusion, irreversible local damage was observed. These studies imply that some cases of acute hemiplegia, with blood flow in the paralysis range, might be improved by surgical revascularization. Studies of local CBF might help identify suitable cases for emergency revascularization. PMID- 7241188 TI - Technique of catheterization and embolization of the lenticulostriate arteries. PMID- 7241189 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives in patients with symptomatic "carotid occlusion" referred for extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery. AB - An increasing number of patients with symptomatic carotid artery occlusion are being referred for extracranial to intracranial bypass grafts. After careful clinical and angiographic assessment, a number of these patients have been treated with a direct approach to the carotid arteries in the neck or with anticoagulation rather than with a bypass graft. These patients may be categorized diagnostically under the following heading: 1) complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) with intracranial patency; 2) spontaneous dissection of the ICA: 3) atheromatous pseudo-occlusion; 4) carotid artery occlusion with stenosis of the contralateral ICA; 5) occlusion of the ICA and stenosis of the external carotid artery; and 6) thrombus in the intracranial segment of an occluded ICA. Each of these categories is discussed briefly, and illustrative cases are presented. PMID- 7241190 TI - Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea associated with dysplastic optic discs and a basal encephalocele: case report. AB - A 24-year-old man presented with a history of recurrent meningitis secondary to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. The patient had bilateral optic disc dysplasia in association with a basal encephalocele, but had no midline facial anomalies. The syndrome is rare, and this is the first report of a patient with this disorder in the absence of facial or radiographic anomalies. The case serves to emphasize the importance of funduscopic examination in patients with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea or recurrent meningitis, and stresses the value of Dextrostix examination of nasal secretions in the evaluation of suspected CSF rhinorrhea. PMID- 7241192 TI - Surgical management of holocord intramedullary spinal cord astrocytomas in children. PMID- 7241191 TI - Spontaneous reversal of internal carotid artery occlusion: case report. AB - Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid arteries, including those dissections resulting in total occlusion, may be a spontaneously reversible process. A patient who had angiographic evidence of bilateral complete internal carotid artery occlusions of different ages of onset illustrates this process. This case suggests certain considerations regarding the pathogenesis of these dissections. PMID- 7241194 TI - Enterogenous cyst of the fourth ventricle: case report. PMID- 7241193 TI - Hydrosyringomyelia of the conus medullaris associated with a thoracic meningioma: case report. PMID- 7241195 TI - Primary pituitary aspergillosis responding to transsphenoidal surgery and combined therapy with amphotericin-B and 5-fluorocytosine: case report. AB - Pituitary abscess is an unusual cause of sella turcica enlargement. Because its presentation closely mimics that of a pituitary tumor, the condition is seldom recognized preoperatively. Most cases have been of bacterial etiology; however, a single patient with a primary mycotic pituitary abscess secondary to Aspergillus species has been reported. That patient died of diffuse Aspergillus meningoencephalitis following a transfrontal craniotomy. In the present case, a woman with primary pituitary aspergillosis survived her infection with virtually intact pituitary function following a transsphenoidal approach which avoided contamination of cerebrospinal fluid. Postoperative amphotericin-B and 5 fluorocytosine therapy probably contributed greatly to her survival. Factors that should alert the clinician to the presence of a pituitary abscess in a patient with sella turcica enlargement are prior episodes of meningitis, sinusitis, or cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, including pleocytosis, depressed glucose, and elevated protein. PMID- 7241197 TI - Brain pre-edema. PMID- 7241196 TI - "Airgun retraction" for major bifurcation saccular aneurysms. PMID- 7241198 TI - Meningiomas of the lateral ventricles. PMID- 7241199 TI - Intradural disc rupture. Report of two cases. AB - Two cases of intradural disc rupture are presented, and 43 cases found in the literature are reviewed. Dandy's original observations concerning this lesion correlate well with contemporary experience. Characteristics of the history and physical findings are uniform enough to suggest a clinically identifiable syndrome. Microscopic examination of the Cytospin cerebrospinal fluid specimen and the use of computerized tomography with metrizamide may suggest the diagnosis preoperatively. Despite significant neurological deficit associated with lumbar lesions, the prognosis following surgery is good. PMID- 7241200 TI - Infarction of the spinal cord as a complication of pneumococcal meningitis. Case report. AB - Spinal cord infarction in association with pneumococcal meningitis has not been previously recognized. The case is reported of a 5 1/2-year-old boy who had Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis complicated by the sudden onset of flaccid paraplegia and loss of all sensory modalities below the level of T-2. At operation, the spinal cord was pale and enveloped by dense adhesions, suggesting compromise of the arterial vasculature with concomitant infarction. PMID- 7241202 TI - Pubertas praecox in craniopharyngioma. Case report. AB - A case of craniopharyngioma associated with true precocious puberty is reported in a child operated on when she was 2 years and 8 months of age. Precocity was noted 10 months after operation and was fully documented 1 year later. A pneumoencephalogram showed a recurrence of tumor in the hypothalamic area. Hormonal therapy was instituted to stop sexual maturation. Reoperation was undertaken only when her visual symptoms reappeared. She received a postoperative course of radiotherapy. On last examination, she was neurologically well, and computerized tomography did not show further growth of the residual tumor. The diagnosis of precocious puberty and its etiology in this patient are discussed. PMID- 7241203 TI - Schwannoma of the trochlear nerve. Case report. AB - There are only seven reported cases of intracranial schwannomas originating from the cranial nerves innervating the extraocular muscles. The present case, an incidental finding at autopsy, is the third case of schwannoma of the trochlear nerve and the first to illustrate the morphological relationship between this tumor and nerve. Reported cases of schwannoma of the oculomotor and trochlear nerves are summarized in a table. PMID- 7241201 TI - Simultaneously occurring prolactinomas. Case report. PMID- 7241205 TI - Recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage complicating cerebral arterial ectasia. Case report. AB - A case of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) complicating cerebral arterial ectasia is reported. While ischemia and cranial nerve palsies are commonly associated with this condition, review of the literature reveals that SAH is exceedingly rare. The pathogenesis, radiographic findings, and clinical complications of cerebral arterial ectasia are discussed. PMID- 7241204 TI - Intracranial granuloma as an unusual complication of subdural peritoneal shunt. Case report. PMID- 7241206 TI - Fluid blood density level demonstrated by computerized tomography in pituitary apoplexy. Report of two cases. PMID- 7241207 TI - Late postoperative tension pneumatocele. Case report. PMID- 7241208 TI - Air embolism from wounds from a pin-type head-holder as a complication of posterior fossa surgery in the sitting position. Case report. PMID- 7241210 TI - Antibiotic therapy for multiple abscesses. PMID- 7241211 TI - Esthesioneuroblastoma. PMID- 7241209 TI - Postoperative angiography. PMID- 7241212 TI - Enlarged subarachnoid spaces in infants. PMID- 7241213 TI - Antifibrinolytic therapy in subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 7241215 TI - Efficacy of continuous treatment with radiation in a rat brain-tumor model. AB - Rats bearing intracerebral 9L/Ro tumors were treated with 10 daily fractions of cesium-137 gamma-rays, BCNU, or combinations of these to agents beginning on either Day 10 or Day 12 after implantation. The treatments were administered either 5 days/week for 2 weeks, with the weekend off, or 10 consecutive days. The median day of death for untreated tumor-bearing rats was Day 15, so Day 12 tumors can be considered late tumors and Day 10 tumors can be considered moderately early. Although all single- and multiple-agent treatments significantly (p less than 0.05) increased the lifespan of tumor-bearing rats over that of the untreated controls, and all multiple-agent schedules significantly (p less than 0.05) increased the lifespan over that of the single-agent therapies, none of the 10 consecutive day schedules increased the lifespan of tumor-bearing rats significantly (p less than 0.2) over that obtained with the 5-day/week schedules. Thus, the evidence from this tumor model suggests that no significant improvement in lifespan would be expected if malignant brain tumors were treated with radiation 7 days a week, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents such as BCNU. PMID- 7241216 TI - Unilateral germinomas involving the basal ganglia and thalamus. AB - Clinical characteristics of six cases of germinoma involving a unilateral basal ganglion and thalamus are summarized. The incidence was estimated as 10% of all intracranial germinomas. The average age at the onset was 10.5 years. The sex incidence showed a male dominance. The clinical course was slowly progressive, and the average duration between onset and diagnosis was 2 years 5 months. Common symptoms and signs were hemiparesis in all cases, fever of unknown origin and eye symptoms in most, mental deterioration and psychiatric signs in three, and convulsions, pubertas praecox, and diabetes insipidus in two. Signs of increased intracranial pressure were found in only two cases in the later state of the disease. Early diagnosis is difficult because of nonspecific symptomatology and slow progression. Carotid angiography and pneumoencephalography showed abnormal findings compatible with basal ganglia and thalamic tumors, but not specific to germinoma. Ipsilateral cortical atrophy and ventricular dilatation might be significant findings. Radioisotope scanning was useful. Computerized tomography scans were the best method of detecting the location and nature of this tumor, and repeat scans showed response to radiation therapy. PMID- 7241214 TI - Radiation treatment for medulloblastoma. A 21-year review. AB - One hundred and twenty-two patients with medulloblastoma received postoperative irradiation at the Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, from 1958 to 1978, inclusive. The surgical procedure in these patients was total resection (44 patients), subtotal resection (66 patients), or biopsy alone (12 patients). Twenty-five patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 56% and 43%, respectively. Improved survival rates were associated with an increased degree of resection and with posterior fossa radiation doses of 5200 rads or more. The posterior fossa was the common site of first relapse (in 56 patients, 46%). Systemic metastases at first relapse occurred in 18 of 52 patients (35%), and were associated with the use of ventriculosystemic shunts. Millipore filters did not prevent systemic relapse in shunted patients. A subset of 15 patients who received a posterior fossa dose of 5200 rads or more after a total resection had a 5-year survival rate of 77%, which remained constant to 10 years. This result is considered to be the upper limit that can be achieved by current treatment methods. PMID- 7241217 TI - Cerebral circulation after head injury. Part 3: Does reduced regional cerebral blood flow determine recovery of brain function after blunt head injury? PMID- 7241218 TI - Predicting the need for operation in the patient with an occult traumatic intracranial hematoma. AB - Computerized tomography scanning has shown that acute traumatic intracranial hematomas are more common than was previously realized, but whether all hematomas must be removed remains controversial. About half of this series of 26 patients who were not clinically deteriorating and who were initially managed without operation had to undergo hematoma removal because they subsequently deteriorated. Features present at the time of diagnosis (age, type and site of hematoma, presence of focal signs, level of responsiveness, and degree of midline shift) were not helpful in predicting that operation would be needed. The only discriminatory factor was the level of intracranial pressure (ICP). All the patients with ICP greater than 30 mm Hg deteriorated and required operation, but only one patient whose ICP was less than 20 mm Hg deteriorated. Half the patients with ICP between 20 and 30 mm Hg did not require an operation. Intracranial pressure monitoring can, therefore, be useful in managing patients with an occult intracranial hematoma. PMID- 7241219 TI - Treatment of subdural empyema. AB - A review of 66 cases and a survey of the literature indicates that survival rates of around 90% should now be expected from patients with subdural empyema. Factors affecting the outcome are discussed. In addition to prompt surgical treatment and appropriate antibiotic therapy, the most important step seems to be extensive craniotomy and direct removal of subdural pus, particularly from the interhemispheric fissure. Treatment through burr holes is not acceptable. In the absence of a culture of the organisms and known antibiotic sensitivities, chloramphenicol is recommended as the drug of choice. PMID- 7241220 TI - Shunt nephritis. Role of the complement system in its pathogenesis and management. AB - Three cases of shunt nephritis in which serial complement levels were obtained during the course of treatment are presented to illustrate the value of monitoring complement levels in the management of this condition. In shunt nephritis, circulating immune complexes are formed which contain antigen from bacteria of low virulence. These complexes, which activate the classical complement pathway, are reflected in most cases by lowering of the serum levels of C1, C2, C4, and C3. These levels promptly return to normal after the initiation of effective therapy. Serial determinations of serum levels of complement protein provide a sensitive and reliable method for early determination of efficacy of therapy in shunt nephritis. PMID- 7241221 TI - Effects of dietary protein and energy on growth, feed conversion efficiency and body composition of Tilapia aurea. AB - The optimum dietary protein to energy (P:E) ratio for rapid and efficient gain of juvenile Tilapia aurea was shown to fall with increasing size of fish. The optimum concentration of protein and energy also fell with growth. A diet providing roughly 56% protein at 4,600 kcal/kg digestible energy (gross energy adjusted for indigestible fiber) with a P:E ratio of 123 mg potential/kcal produced highest gains of fry (2.5 g). Larger fish (7.5 g) grew most rapidly when fed a 34% protein, 3,200 kcal/kg diet with a P:E ratio of 108. Apparent feed conversion (grams of feed offered/grams of fish weight gain) was superior on diets having lower P:E ratios and was best on the 34% protein, 3,200 kcal/kg diet. Linear regression analysis indicated highly significant differences in average fish weight, condition [10(5) x weight (g)/total length (mm)3], and feed conversion efficiency attributable to changes in either protein or energy concentration. Significant interaction between protein and energy was also demonstrated. Condition and level of carcass fat were high on all diets which produced good growth rates and were inversely related to P:E ratio. Moisture and ash were inversely related to carcass fat. No trend was established for carcass protein. PMID- 7241222 TI - Extracellular zinc concentration and water metabolism in chicks. AB - Four experiments were performed to determine the effect of dietary zinc deficiency on water metabolism. Day-old chicks were fed for 3 weeks diets which contained isolated soybean protein, cornstarch and graded levels of zinc. Chicks fed the basal (less than 1 ppm Zn) diet supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 20 and 100 ppm zinc had plasma zinc concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0 and 1.3 ppm and hematocrit values of 39, 36, 33, 30 and 29, respectively. Plasma zinc concentration dropped significantly within 12 hours after chicks consumed a zinc deficient diet and the hematocrit rose significantly within 5 days. Zinc deficient chicks had significantly (P less than 0.05) less extracellular and more intracellular water than feed-restricted controls. There was no difference in total body water. Zinc-deficient chicks had significantly elevated ratios of Na+/K+ in liver, skin and muscle but no difference in serum. Treatment with a combination of zinc and saline significantly lowered the hematocrit within 2 hours when given intraperitoneally and within 4 hours when given intragastrically. The correlation between the plasma zinc concentration and water distribution suggests that extracellular zinc has a specific effect on water metabolism. PMID- 7241223 TI - Arginine: an indispensable amino acid for mature dogs. AB - There studies examined the effect of dietary arginine deficiency in the mature dog. Deletion of arginine from the diet resulted in a slight but significant loss of body weight. Severe episodes of emesis were observed in all experiments. Muscle tremors and frothing around the mouth were also observed in the experiments where the arginine-free diet was force fed. Increasing the amount of diet force-fed to mature dogs accentuated the symptoms of emesis, muscle tremors and frothing. Elevated plasma ammonia and orotate were detected in dogs fed an arginine-deficient diet. Urinary citric and orotic acid was also increased in mature dogs fed a diet devoid of arginine. Nitrogen balance was not significantly altered by deletion of arginine from the diet. Based on the occurrence of emesis, loss of body weight and alterations in intermediary metabolism, we concluded that the mature dog does require a dietary source of arginine. Dietary inclusions of 0.28% arginine prevented the symptoms of arginine deficiency. PMID- 7241224 TI - Methionine requirement of weanling Large White x Landrace pigs and determined by plasma urea concentration, nitrogen retention and some urinary nitrogenous components. AB - The methionine requirements of weanling Large White x Landrace pigs fed a 20% protein cassava flour-soybean meal diet were evaluated using nitrogen balance, plasma urea concentration, urinary nitrogenous end products and the index- (allantoin/urinary urea) x protein intake (A/U x Ip). Sensitivities of the response criteria to sex differences in methionine requirements were compared. Allantoin excretion consistently and significantly (P less than 0.05) increased with increasing methionine levels to a maximum of 0.55% total methionine. Maximum nitrogen retention was observed in diets containing 0.55, 0.47 and 0.55% total methionine for castrated males, females and the pooled data for both sexes, respectively. Minimum urea concentration in plasma was obtained with the diets containing 0.55% methionine. The index, + A/U x Ip, showed that the diet was better utilized when it contained 0.63, 0.55 and 0.63% total methionine in castrates, females and combination of the two sexes, respectively. PMID- 7241225 TI - Parenteral magnesium load testing with 28Mg in weanling and young adult rats. AB - A sound diagnostic test for Mg deficiency is needed. This is a report of the parenteral Mg load test conducted in weanling and young adult rats fed a purified basal diet containing 3 mg magnesium/100 g with 150 mg of added magnesium/100 g (control) or 0 added magnesium (deficient). Weanlings were studied at about 1 week of dietary treatment and young adults at 2 weeks. The protocol included: a) a 6-hour preload urinary collection; b) an intraperitoneal load of 15 mg of magnesium/kg (weanlings) or 12 mg/kg (young adults) with 2 microCi 28Mg given simultaneously with each load; c) a 6-hour postload urinary collection; d) chemical analysis of selected tissues and urine for Mg; and e) 28Mg counting 6 and 24 hours postload. Controls all excreted large amounts of Mg pre- and postload, retaining less than 26% of nonradioactive loads. They had high urinary 28Mg counts. In Mg-deficient animals, the concentration of Mg in bone more than halved. These animals avidly conserved Mg and retained over 85% of nonradioactive Mg loads. Their 28Mg activity in vital organs was 3--6 times greater than in controls. We concluded that the parenteral Mg load test reliably identifies severe Mg deficiency. PMID- 7241226 TI - Linear and nonlinear models for measuring protein nutritional quality. AB - Several widely used linear methods for assessing protein nutritional quality were compared to a nonlinear model. Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 2--31% casein, peanut and wheat gluten protein for 4 weeks. One control group received a protein-free diet and another was killed at the start of the experiment. Nitrogen intake and animal response in terms of body weight and nitrogen were measured for each rat. PER, NPR, NPU, linear regression (LR) slopes and saturated kinetics (SK) parameters were calculated from the data. The linear models provide a single estimate of protein quality, while the SK model can estimate quality at any point along the intake-response curve. At maintenance (delta Body Weight or delta Body Nitrogen = 0) the SK model ranked peanut and gluten protein higher relative to casein than the linear methods, while at higher protein intakes the SK model gave lower relative rankings to those proteins. The SK model closely fit the experimental data over the entire intake-response range but did not converge to a meaningful solution when an insufficient quality of quantity of protein was included in the diet. Unlike the linear models, the SK model failed to distinguish statistically between the quality of proteins in several cases. PMID- 7241228 TI - Histidine, an essential amino acid for adult dogs. AB - Twenty-seven adult female mongrel dogs were studied to evaluate whether histidine is an essential amino acid. Dogs were tube-fed isocaloric, isonitrogenous amino acid diets which provided either no histidine or 67 mg histidine/kg body weight/day. The histidine-free diet was fed to 10 dogs for 5.6 +/- 3.6 (SD) days and to six dogs for 59.2 +/- 6.0 days. In the short-term studies, there were no differences between the responses of the dogs fed the histidine-free and histidine-replete diets. In the long-term studies, dogs fed the histidine-free diet developed a significant decrease in plasma and muscle histidine, muscle carnosine, body weight, hematocrit and serum albumin. The dogs fed the histidine free diet tried to avoid the feedings, and after several weeks, they often manifested reduced activity and listlessness. One dog died on the 72nd day. None of these manifestations occurred in the dogs fed the histidine-replete diet in the long-term studies. Plasma zinc and copper were not different in the two groups of dogs. However, at the end of the long-term studies, the dogs fed the histidine-free diet had significantly lower final whole blood zinc and copper concentrations as compared to the histidine-replete dogs. These findings indicate that histidine is an essential amino acid in adult female dogs. The syndrome associated with histidine-deficiency tends to develop slowly over many days to several weeks. PMID- 7241229 TI - Protein requirements of smallmouth bass and largemouth bass. AB - Protein requirements of young smallmouth and largemouth bass reared near ideal water temperatures were estimated as an initial step in quantifying specific nutrients essential to these fishes. Test fish were conditioned to accept pelleted rations, reared in small circular tanks and fed all they would easily consume at each feeding. Six levels of dietary protein were evaluated and gross energy of test diets ranged from 4,219 to 4,793 kcal per kilogram dry diet. Almquist-type plots were used to identify minimum protein requirements and maximum rates of growth. Minimum protein requirements of age 0 and 1 smallmouth bass were 45.3 and 45.2% of the dry diet and maximum rates of growth were 2.85 and 0.99% per day. In age 0 and 1 largemouth bass minimum protein requirements were not greater than 39.9 and 40.8% of the dry diet and maximum rates of growth were 2.36 and 0.76% per day. Protein utilization was measured in age 0 smallmouth and largemouth bass and dietary efficiency was measured in each group of bass. These statistics corroborate the estimated minimum protein requirements. PMID- 7241227 TI - Species specificity of arginine deficiency-induced hepatic steatosis. AB - Hepatic steatosis resulting from the consumption of an arginine-deficient diet in the rat was found to occur independent of age or size. The rate of lipid biosynthesis as indicated by in vitro incorporation of 14C-acetate was significantly increased in rats fed an arginine-deficient diet when expressed per milligram liver. Supplementation of the arginine-deficient diet with 1% ribose, 1% hypoxanthine or 0.2% adenine depressed the fatty infiltration caused by arginine deficiency. Inosine, xanthine or uracil supplementation did not significantly alter the fatty infiltration, liver orotic acid biosynthesis or urinary orotic excretion induced by the arginine deficiency. Increased orotic acid excretion was also observed in the mouse, hamster and rabbit fed a diet devoid of arginine. However, consumption of the, arginine-deficient diet for 21 days did not significantly alter the liver lipid content of mice, hamsters or rabbits. Although the fatty infiltration appears to be limited to the rat, altered liver nucleotides were observed in rats, hamsters and rabbits fed an arginine-deficient diet. Similarities of arginine deficiency and orotic acid feeding in various species are discussed. PMID- 7241230 TI - Effect of zinc deficiency on blood glutathione levels. AB - The specific effect of zinc deficiency on blood glutathione (GSH) concentrations has not been clearly demonstrated, for earlier results could have been due to differences in dietary intake. To clarify this, we determined blood GSH concentrations over a 17-day period in young, mature rats fed a zinc-deficient diet and compared them with pair-fed controls. Glutathione concentrations based on hemoglobin content increased in both groups but a different rates. After 17 days, the GSH levels increased 20% in deficient rats and 29% in control rats (P less than 0.005). The GSH levels in deficient rats were 11% lower than in controls by 10 days (P less than 0.025) and remained significantly lower thereafter. These results indicate that the decrease in blood GSH levels was a specific result of zinc deficiency. PMID- 7241231 TI - Effects of neonatal undernutrition and cold stress on behavior and biochemical brain parameters in rats. AB - This study was conducted to investigate the separate and combined effects of neonatal undernutrition (U) and cold stress (S) on the behavioral and cerebral development of postweaning rats. A severe U was imposed by feeding dams a low protein diet. Postweaning all pups were fed a control diet. S consisted of daily exposure to 5 degrees for 3 minutes from day 2 to 11. Behavioral data show that U animals, stressed (S) + nonstressed (NS), exhibited a significant deficit in reversal learning of T-maze at 21 days, an enhanced passive avoidance response, but no difference in active-avoidance at 35 days when compared to controls of the same age. S had no effect on behavior development. At death (110 days), the brains were dissected into five sections and assay for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cholinesterase (ChE) activities. Brain weights of U animals (NS + S) were significantly lower in all sections except dorsal cortex (DC). AChE and ChE activities were significantly higher in all sections (except DC) of U animals relative to controls. S resulted in lower cerebellar weight and ChE:AChE ratios in some sections. Our results suggest a delayed behavioral maturation in U animals and an association between early postweaning behavior and brain parameters in adult rehabilitated animals. PMID- 7241232 TI - Control of food intake in the rat by dietary protein concentration. AB - Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed isocaloric diets containing graded levels of protein or amino acid mixtures. Food intakes and weight gains were recorded daily or every other day. Both short-term and long-term (64 days) experiments were carried out. Linear regressions of food intake versus time and weight gain versus time were used to establish daily weight gains and food intakes. The four-parameter mathematical model for physiological responses was used to predict daily food intake, daily weight gain, daily food intake per 100 g weight and efficiency of food conversion (daily weight gain/daily food intake) as functions of dietary protein concentration. The changes in the four parameters generated from the four-parameter model were examined as a function of time. Several aspects of food intake, weight gain and efficiency were shown to be functions of concentration of dietary protein. PMID- 7241233 TI - Effect of histidine intake of plasma and urine histidine levels, nitrogen balance and N tau-methylhistidine excretion in normal and chronically uremic men. AB - This study assessed whether changes in plasma histidine or nitrogen balance could indicate the dietary histidine requirement in short-term feeding studies. Five normal and two chronically uremic men were fed diets varying in histidine content in a metabolic research unit. Subjects received amino acid diets for 71 +/- 12 (SD) days during which time the histidine intake was varied between 60 and 2,800 mg/day at 8.0 +/- 0.5 day intervals. The results indicated that both postabsorptive plasma histidine and urinary histidine correlated with the dietary histidine intake. However, in individual patients the response curve of plasma histidine to the dietary histidine intake did not demonstrate a consistent breakpoint which could be used to indicate the dietary histidine requirement. Rather, the histidine intake above which the plasma levels increased rapidly seemed to be influenced by the previous dietary histidine. Urinary histidine excretion also correlated with plasma histidine. N tau-methylhistidine was increased in plasma and reduced in urine of the uremic patients as compared to normal subjects. Nitrogen balances were less positive with histidine intakes of 2 mg/kg/day or lower. These data support the finding that histidine is an essential amino acid in normal and chronically uremic man. However, clinical and metabolic studies of greater duration may be necessary to determine the daily histidine requirement. PMID- 7241234 TI - Possible polypeptide synthesis following injection of balanced but incomplete amino acid mixes into lizards. AB - The rate of disappearance of carcass-free amino acids following and injection of a mixture of the composition of fish muscle was compared with the rate seen after giving the same mix minus three essential amino acids in one series of experiments, and minus five amino acids in another series. The experimental animal was a 3.5 g lizard (Anolis carolinensis) whose metabolic rate is about equal to man's. Lizards were injected with one of the mixes, at intervals some were killed and homogenized, and the free amino acids were assayed on protein free filtrates of the entire carcass. Amino acids disappeared from complete and incomplete mixes at the same rate, a rate several-fold greater than that at which they could be catabolized. When three or five essential amino acids (as defined for the growing rat) were injected by themselves, they were removed only one third as fast as when accompanied by a balanced mix of the rest of the protein components. I concluded that if the amino acids were in proper ratio and if they were sufficient in number, they were removed rapidly even though as many as five essential amino acids are missing. For want of a better explanation, some type of macromolecule synthesis from balanced incomplete mixes was postulated. PMID- 7241235 TI - Effect of l-ascorbate 2-sulfate on fatty liver and hyperlipidemia induced by various treatments in rats and guinea pigs. AB - Effects of L-ascorbate 2-sulfate (AAS) on fatty liver and hyperlipidemia induced by various treatments were studied in rats and guinea pigs. L-Ascorbic acid (AA) (50 or 175 mg/kg), a reference compound, lowered the lipid levels in the serum and/or liver in guinea pigs, while AA had little effect in rats. On the other hand, AAS (300 mg/kg) was effective in both animals. In rats, AAS lowered cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum from ethionine-treated animals and in the liver from orotic acid-supplemented animals. In guinea pigs, this compound lowered cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum from ethionine-treated animals, lipids in the liver from cholesterol-supplemented animals, and lipids in the serum and liver from scorbutic animals. AA markedly increased the content of AA in the organs in all experiments, while AAS had a slight effect. Thus, it is suggested that AAS exerts its hypolipidemic and lipotropic effects by the specific actions of AAS. PMID- 7241236 TI - Effect of wavelength on the formation of 1 alpha-hydroxyprevitamin D3 in the ultraviolet irradiation of cholesta-5,7-diene-1 alpha, 3 beta-diol and use of a filter solution in the photochemical reaction in the synthesis of 1 alpha hydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 7241237 TI - Level of methionine synthase activity and interconversion of methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin in a facultative methylotroph, Protaminobacter ruber. AB - Protaminobacter ruber was cultured in a medium containing [57Co]cyanocobalamin with a "two-step cultivation method" and the forms of vitamin B12 compounds in the cells were examined. Methylcobalamin was detected in the early phases of growth and reached a maximum of about 40% of all cobalamins extracted from the cells. In the stationary phase of growth, almost all cobalamins consisted of adenosylcobalamin. Recultivation of the cells of the stationary phase in a fresh medium resulted in the conversion of adenosylcobalamin into methylcobalamin. Interconversion of methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin was presumed from these facts. The formation of adenosylcobalamin from methylcobalamin was demonstrated with a cell-free extract system from P. ruber. The rate of conversion of methylcobalamin into adenosylcobalamin was highest among several cobalamin analogs tested. Propylation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate: homocysteine methyltransferase with 1-iodopropane did not affect this conversion reaction, which was probably catalyzed by methyltransferase and adenosyltransferase. PMID- 7241238 TI - Metabolic control for maintaining NAD in rats fed on tryptophan-limiting amino acid diets. PMID- 7241239 TI - Dietary sucrose-mediated changes in jejunal sucrase activity of rats. PMID- 7241240 TI - Effect of food restriction on intestinal disaccharidases in streptozotocin induced diabetes of rat. AB - The effect of food restriction on the intestinal weight and membrane digestive enzyme activities was observed in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin. The specific activities of disaccharidases of food non-restricted diabetic rats were not changed, but total activities were significantly increased due to the increase of intestinal mucosal weight. Restriction of food intake did not increase intestinal mucosal weight, but significantly increased the specific and total activities of disaccharidases in parallel with the increase of sucrase isomaltase content. On the other hand, experimental diabetes did not influence the activity of alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase except for specific and total activities of alkaline phosphatase in food non-restricted rats. PMID- 7241241 TI - Effect of pituitary hormones on alpha-amino-beta-carboxymuconate-epsilon semialdehyde decarboxylase in rat. PMID- 7241244 TI - Occupational medicine forum: AOMA'S position on the release of personal medical information by occupational physicians or nurses. PMID- 7241243 TI - Some questions concerning "A Method for Monitoring the Fertility of Workers". PMID- 7241245 TI - Cancer morbidity among men exposed to oil mist in the metal industry. AB - The cancer morbidity pattern among 788 men with at least five years' exposure to oil mist was investigated. Based on measurements, interviews of workers and a survey of changes over the years, the average exposure level was estimated to have been 5 mg/m3 or more prior to 1965. Exclusive of cancer of the scrotum, there were 39 observed cases of cancer compared to 52.9 expected. There were four cases of cancer of the scrotum among the turners but none among the grinders. Three cases of lung cancer were found, compared to 5.4 expected. Among the grinders there was a doubled, but not statistically significant, increase in cancer of the stomach. The mortality from all causes showed a so-called "healthy worker effect," that is, 126 deaths compared to 154.3 expected. PMID- 7241242 TI - Regulation of tryptophan-niacin metabolism by hormones. AB - The regulation of tryptophan-niacin metabolism by pituitary and adrenocortical hormones was investigated. Hypophysectomized rats fed on a niacin-free purified diet were injected with bovine somatotropin, predonine acetate or both. The urinary excretion of N-methylnicotinamide (MNA) and N-methyl-2-pyridone-5 carboxamide (2-Py) after oral administration of tryptophan was then compared before and after the hormone treatment. The amount of urinary MNA was found to be increased after the injection of somatotropin, but decreased after the predonine injection. On the other hand, no change in urinary MNA was observed in the rats administered with both hormones. The amount of 2-Py appeared to be reduced by the predonine treatment, but was not affected by somatotropin injection. The activity of liver alpha-amino-beta-carboxymuconate-epsilon-semialdehyde decarboxylase (picolinic carboxylase) was shown to be directly proportional to the ratio (oral tryptophan)/(urinary MNA). Moreover, the enzyme activity appeared to be inversely proportional to the concentration of niacin in liver. In addition, the amount of urinary MNA was suggested to be affected by the change of body weight gain. The administration of both pituitary hormone and insulin failed to normalize the reduced urinary MNA excretion in diabetic rats, suggesting that any change in pituitary hormone was not responsible for the abnormal tryptophan-niacin metabolism in diabetes. PMID- 7241246 TI - Hepatitis B in a medical center. AB - The Employee Health Service of Duke University has been evaluating all employees with known blood product exposures through a standardized protocol since January 1977. All known cases of hepatitis B among employees were also evaluated. During the 40-month period of this report, 1,235 substantiated blood product or body fluid exposures occurred. The blood involved in 155 of the exposures was positive for HBsAg. Of the 155 employees involved in these exposures, 101 were found to be nonimmune to hepatitis B and were followed for at least nine months after exposure. Three (3.0%) developed clinical hepatitis B. An additional 24 employees also developed hepatitis B during this 40-month period, a cumulative incidence of 106.0 per 100,000 employee years. Hepatitis B appears to be a significant occupational hazard for hospital personnel in a tertiary medical center. PMID- 7241248 TI - Assessment of renal function of workers simultaneously exposed to inorganic lead and cadmium. AB - The renal function of a group of workers (n = 62) exposed simultaneously to lead and to cadmium has been examined. The results were compared with those obtained in a earlier study of three groups of workers - one exposed to lead only, one exposed to cadmium only and one not exposed to either of these metals (control group). The results obtained in the earlier study have been published previously. No interaction between lead and cadmium is evidenced. The signs of renal dysfunction found in the group exposed simultaneously to lead and to cadmium can be ascribed to cadmium only. The results of this study have confirmed the authors' previous observations, that is, a moderate exposure to lead (plumbemia less than 62 micrograms/100 ml and average duration of exposure = 13.2 years) does not seem to influence renal function; in adult male workers the critical levels of cadmium in blood and in urine are 1 microgram/100 ml whole blood and 10 micrograms/g creatinine, respectively; the renal dysfunction induced by cadmium is both glomerular and tubular. PMID- 7241247 TI - Mutagenicity study of workers exposed to alkylene oxides (ethylene oxide/propylene oxide) and derivatives. AB - Employees of plants where alkylene oxide is manufactured or processed were subjected to mutagenicity studies carried out on lymphocyte cultures in accordance with the methods of Moorhead at al, de Jong and Anders. The employees were divided into four groups, according to their periods of exposure: (1) Long term exposure for more than 20 years; (2) exposure for less than 20 years; (3) long-term exposure and accident (ethylene oxide inhalation or skin contact); and (4) accident, i.e., brief high exposure to ethylene oxide. Measurement of the concentrations in various sections of the plant yielded values of up to 3 ppm under conditions of normal operation. However, this figure rose briefly to 1900 ppm under plant breakdown hat workers were subjected to higher exposure in the past. One hundred metaphases per person were analyzed for chromosome aberrations. The results are given in Tables 1 through 4. A significant increase in the aberration rate was found only in employees in Group 1. This was confirmed by a control examination carried out one year later. The employees of groups 2, 3 and 4 displayed no significant increases. However, in evaluating these findings, it should be noted that the employees had been in contact with a wide range of substances and products in the course of their occupation, which means that the increased aberrations rate found cannot be attributed unequivocally to exposure to a particular substance. PMID- 7241249 TI - Fitness program participation: its effect on worker performance. AB - The effects of an employee fitness program upon absenteeism and productivity were investigated in a controlled trial involving two large offices. During the six month experimental program, the test company developed substantial gains of fitness. However self-reports and supervisor evaluations showed small and relatively similar gains of productivity, with reduction of absenteeism at both test and control companies. Further studies on a large scale are warranted. The presently observed changes probably reflect (1) sample attenuation, (2) seasonal trends, and (3) a "Hawthorne" effect. If the last factor is substantiated, employee fitness programs may be of economic interest, despite the nonspecific nature of the resultant gains in productivity. PMID- 7241250 TI - Aplastic anemia and occupational pesticide exposure: a case-control study. PMID- 7241251 TI - Guidance for the evaluation, risk assessment and control of chemical embryo fetotoxins. AB - The recognition, evaluation, and control of embryotoxins in the workplace are toxicologically and administratively complex and present challenging circumstances to the occupational health professional and to the workplace manager. Accommodating the expectations of society and complying with existing laws and regulations make this complex problem even more difficult. By carefully applying the same toxicological considerations and control measures as are used for other chemicals which present different toxic hazards, exposures of susceptible persons to embryotoxins can be prevented or maintained at safe levels without unnecessary restriction of the opportunity for meaningful employment for any class of persons. PMID- 7241252 TI - Log splitter injuries to the hand. AB - Use of the powered log splitter in processing wood for fuel has emerged as an important source of disabling hand injury in the Vermont area. Thirteen such injuries are reviewed and two representative cases are presented. Physicians are advised of this new mechanism of injury and the public is warned of the danger in using these machines. PMID- 7241253 TI - Drug abusers on the job. AB - Drug abusers in the working population range from the functional to the dysfunctional. Functional drug-abusing employees may work as productive members of a company for years without incident or detection. Cases have been documented of long-term heroin addicts with stable 10- and 20-year work histories., Studies of drug addicts in treatment with known work histories reveal that such persons can, and do, hold a broad range of jobs in the work force. In a study by Levy of 95 former addicts with histories of simultaneous employment and undetected drug abuse (including on-the-job use by 91 of the 95 addicts), the following occupations were found: bank teller; mail clerk; secretary; delivery man; stock clerk; college registrar; typist; baker; nurses aide; medical supply clerk; messenger; pharmacy clerk; receptionist; teletype operator; men's clothing salesman; truck driver; busboy; telephone installer; roofer; clothing designer; assembly line worker; waitress; auto mechanic; security officer; postal worker; credit collector; plant manager; and rigger. Reports from CODAP, a Federal statistical system covering drug treatment programs, indicate that about 20% of opiate users admitted to treatment were employed full time at the time of admission. Caplovitz found that the stable worker-addict is more similar in basic characteristics to other workers than to nonworking addicts. PMID- 7241254 TI - Evaluation of the NASA/JSC blood pressure screening clinic. AB - This study evaluated the NASA/Johnson Space Center's blood pressure screening program, which was designed to identify the proportion of NASA employees who were hypertensive and to identify self-report variables related to elevated pressures. In 1978, a random sample of 3892 employees was selected from over 2,100 NASA employees. Twenty-eight percent were classified as hypertensive by the criterion of systolic pressure of 140 or above or diastolic pressure of 90 or greater. Approximately 16% of all employees had a history of hypertension; the remaining 12% of the identified hypertensives were unaware of their potential health problem. Multivariate analysis showed that elevated systolic pressures were more prevalent in the older, heavier employees. Of hypertensives under treatment, about 74% were under poor control as judged from blood pressures randomly taken at their place of employment. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of screening for unsuspecting hypertensives in industry. PMID- 7241255 TI - The epidemiology of primary lung cancer in uranium miners in Ontario. AB - This paper reviews the epidemiology of lung cancer in uranium miners in northern Ontario whose cumulative exposure was relatively low and who were exposed only for a short period of time. The development of the "epidemic" is demonstrated chronologically and in terms of latency. An apparent difference between the effects of short-term and of more prolonged radiation is shown. A dose-response effect is demonstrated at all levels. Analysis of tumor type suggests that there may be a difference in dose-response between the two principal types encountered. The relationship of the geographic location of exposure to the final residence at death is reviewed. PMID- 7241257 TI - Fiber toxicology. PMID- 7241259 TI - Effects of different hypothetical detection mechanisms on the shape of spatial frequency filters inferred from masking experiments: I. Noise masks. AB - The detectability of a sinusoidal grating was measured in a standard two-interval forced-choice experiment against backgrounds of noise gratings of the same orientation as the signal. The noise gratings were either spatially high-pass or low-pass filtered and were either unchanged in each observation interval (static) or flickering at a rate that depended on their cutoff frequency (dynamic). Spatial-frequency-selective mechanisms are inferred from the data and their characteristics shown to depend on assumptions concerning the detection process thought to follow the spatial-frequency-selective device. PMID- 7241256 TI - Pleural plaques and cigarette smoking in asbestos workers. AB - In a survey of 45 men aged 40 or over who had worked five years or more in an asbestos manufacturing plant, the prevalence of pleural plaques was studied with respect to age, duration of asbestos exposure, estimated cumulative asbestos dose, and smoking habit. Plaques were found in 38 to 53% of the men, depending on the interpretation of the chest film reader. Cigarette habit appeared to be the most important factor; the prevalence was lowest in non-smokers, intermediate in current smokers, and particularly high in exsmokers. There was some confounding of this relationship by estimated cumulative asbestos dose but such confounding did not seem to be sufficient to explain fully the relationship between the prevalence of plaques and smoking habit. Both factors must be considered in studies of the risk of pleural plaques in asbestos workers. PMID- 7241258 TI - Semen quality in workers exposed to carbon disulfide compared to a control group from the same plant. PMID- 7241262 TI - An investigation of the association between cervical cancer and oral contraceptive use. PMID- 7241261 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and recanalization in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 7241260 TI - The trespass of subarachnoid block. PMID- 7241263 TI - Blood pressure levels and hypertension control among rural Oklahomans: The Oklahoma lipid research clinic. PMID- 7241266 TI - What does his pain mean to the patient? PMID- 7241264 TI - Perspectives in Rocky Mountain spotted fever; early diagnosis and management. PMID- 7241265 TI - Parent education: resources available for the medical practitioner. PMID- 7241267 TI - A prospective study of 1152 hospital autopsies: I. Inaccuracies in death certification. AB - Comparison of certified clinical diagnoses with autopsy findings showed that, while the major cause of death was confirmed in 61 per cent. of cases, many diagnoses--both major and contributory--were wrong; many clinical diagnoses were either disproved or relegated to a less important role, and many autopsy findings had not apparently been anticipated. Accuracy was particularly poor in some clinical categories: notably cerebrovascular disease and infections. In these, the diagnosis was more often wrong than right. Thus, death certificates are unreliable as a source of diagnostic data. The clinician's confidence in his major diagnosis bore a fairly close relationship to the frequency of its confirmation. Nevertheless, even when certified as "fairly certain", the major diagnosis was wrong in about one-quarter of these cases. An attempt was made to assess the significance of incorrect diagnoses; one half of these might be clinically significant. Diagnostic accuracy did not improve with the time spent in hospital, and it bore an inverse relationship to the patient's age. PMID- 7241268 TI - A prospective study of 1152 hospital autopsies: II. Analysis of inaccuracies in clinical diagnoses and their significance. AB - A further analysis of 1152 hospital autopsies provides data on inaccuracies of specific diagnoses; there are many examples of overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. All were encountered in a routine hospital autopsy service and their frequency confirms the importance of the hospital autopsy in medical audit. A knowledge of the misdiagnoses which recur frequently could provide guidance in the selection of cases for autopsy. PMID- 7241269 TI - Histochemical studies on the early proliferative lesion induced in the rat liver by aflatoxin. AB - Male inbred Fischer rats were fed a diet containing 5 p.p.m. aflatoxin for 1, 3, 4 1/2 and 6 weeks at which times groups were killed for histological and histochemical study. Aflatoxin produced a scattered individual cell necrosis of parenchymal cells by 1 week. At 3 weeks small basophilic proliferative foci were seen which increased in size and abundance to 6 weeks. These foci showed starvation-resistant glycogen, variable depletion of glucose-6-phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, aniline hydrogenase, membrane ATPase and acid phosphatase. At 6 weeks the foci showed the presence of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The basophilic foci were not preceded by other focal histological and histochemical change. The basophilic proliferative lesions are observed when an irreversible change has been induced in the liver. The role of such lesions in the histogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma is discussed. PMID- 7241270 TI - The effect of tobacco smoke, with or without phenylmethyloxadiazole (PMO), on rat bronchial epithelium: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - The effect of whole cigarette smoke on rat airway epithelium and of the addition of an anti-inflammatory drug, phenylmethyloxadiazole (PMO), to the tobacco, was studied in experiments extending up to 6 weeks. Two airway levels were studied, the left main extrapulmonary bronchus and a distal intrapulmonary bronchiolus. After cigarette smoke alone, the greatest change was found in the main extrapulmonary bronchus where there was an increase in epithelial thickness due to cell hypertrophy and a change in cell shape. The number of cells increased in proportion to the duration of exposure. Hyperplasia was not preceded by epithelial degeneration or necrosis. In the animals exposed to tobacco smoke alone, ciliated, mucous and basal cells increased whilst intermediate and epithelial serous cells decreased in number. The appearance of cells intermediate in structure suggests that epithelial serous cells transformed into mucous cells. The change involved an increase in secretory granule size, number and electron lucency, the last probably reflecting a chemical alteration in the glycoprotein. In ciliated cells, mitochondria increased in length. The concentration of dividing cells increased, notably at days 1 and 7. Addition of PMO to the tobacco, 2 per cent. by weight, diminished the increase in bronchial epithelial thickness, cell size, mucous cell number and percentage of dividing cells seen after tobacco smoke alone: the shift in proportion of the various cell types was similar except that the increase in ciliated cell number was much greater than the increase seen with tobacco smoke alone. PMID- 7241271 TI - The mechanism of anticoccidial action of arprinocid-1-N-oxide. AB - Neither arprinocid nor its liver microsomal metabolite arprinocid-1-N-oxide binds to calf thymus DNA. Neither compound showed an effect on the synthesis of DNA, RNA, or proteins in HeLa cells or on the rate of respiration by Eimeria tenella mitochondria. The 1-N-oxide differs from the parent compound by its toxic effect on HeLa cells (ID50 = 5.0 ppm) reflected primarily through cellular vacuole formation from dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum structures. Similar vacuole formation was observed in E. tenella merozoites pulse-treated with the drug. This effect on both types of cells is prevented by SKF-525A, an inhibitor of microsomal drug metabolism. Drug-induced visible absorption difference spectra and alterations in the electron paramagnetic signal of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 indicate direct bindings of arprinocid-1-N-oxide to cytochrome P 450. These findings suggest cytochrome P-450 mediated microsomal metabolism involving arprinocid-1-N-oxide as part of the mechanism of antococcidial action of the drug. This metabolism may cause destruction of endoplasmic reticulum leading to cell death. PMID- 7241272 TI - Pyrimidine synthesis by intracellular Toxoplasma gondii. AB - Pyrimidine biosynthesis was studied in actively dividing, intracellular Toxoplasma gondii, in mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells blocked in pyrimidine biosynthesis to eliminate any contribution by the host cell. The parasite grew normally in these cells even though pyrimidines were not supplied in the medium. Uninfected, mutant cultures showed negligible pyrimidine synthesis. However, mutant cultures infected wit T. gondii efficiently incorporated 14C from glucose or aspartic acid into the pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids. Thus T. gondii is capable of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The parasite may also be able to use pyrimidines of the host cell, because of pyrazofurin, an antimetabolite that blocks pyrimidine biosynthesis, markedly inhibited only a mutant parasite defective in the salvage of pyrimidines. PMID- 7241273 TI - Interactions of immunoconglutinin and immune complexes in cold autohemagglutination associated with African trypanosomiasis. PMID- 7241275 TI - Protective role of immunoglobulin G in immunity to Strongyloides ratti. AB - Serum transfer from hyperimmune rats provided a significant degree of protection against Strongyloides ratti in mature, recipient rats. Eight immune serum pools tested were effective; however, the level of protection, as measured by challenge worm recoveries, ranged from 32 to 91%. Protection did not increase consistently with increasing volumes of immune serum, although as little as 5.0 ml/100 g of body weight afforded consistent protection against challenge infection. The protective effect was exerted against the early migrating tissue stages of the larvae; immune serum given 24 hr after challenge or later had no effect. The specificity of the immune serum's protection was suggested by the removal of this activity by absorption with heat-killed larvae, which have been shown to induce protection by immunization. Fractionation of immune serum showed that a heat stable 7S component was responsible for protection; no protective activity could be detected in the 19S fraction. Further resolution of the 7S fraction by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography confirmed that the serum's protective activity was in the IgG component. The greatest protection was obtained with the fraction containing predominantly IgG1. In vitro sensitization of infective larvae with rat antibody failed to alter in vivo viability. PMID- 7241274 TI - Homologous immunotolerance and decreased resistance to Schistosoma mansoni in Echinostoma revolutum-infected mice. AB - Homologous immunotolerance was demonstrated in Echinostoma revolutum infections in the mouse. High-level infections of about 15 worms were not expelled for a period of at least 61 days following infection, whereas low-level infections of about 10 to 12 worms or below were eliminated completely between day 47 and 61 after infection. A primary, 20- to 33-day-old, heavy E. revolutum infection in the mouse produced a statistically significant increase in the number of Schistosoma mansoni recovered in challenge infections. Worm burdens increased by 65.7 to 90.6% as compared with those of the respective S. mansoni challenge control groups. PMID- 7241276 TI - Specializations in the flagellar membrane to Tritrichomonas foetus. AB - Tritrichomonas foetus has three anterior flagella and one recurrent flagellum. The latter originate at the anterior portion of the protozoa and extends towards the posterior region of the cell adhering to the cell body. Freeze-fracturing studies showed in the flagellar membranes of the three anterior flagella, groups of nine to 12 intramembrane particles forming rosettes which could be observed on both the P- and the E-faces of the flagellar membrane. The rosettes are numerous and found along the length of the flagella. No such structure was seen in the membrane of the recurrent flagellum. The rosettes coexist with other particles in apparently random distribution. PMID- 7241277 TI - Cultivation of Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. I. Establishment of cultures from cercariae and development until pairing. AB - Procedures are described for mass cultivation of Schistosoma mansoni. Cercariae were pooled, concentrated, and axenized through a series of washes in base medium containing antibiotics. Cercariae were sheared through a double-Luer-ended needle connected to two syringes, and tails separated and discarded. Young schistosomules were grown in a medium based upon BME augmented with lactalbumin hydrolysate, glucose, hormones, and other amendments and supplemented with human serum. Human blood cells (Type O) were added to cultures. Intestinal pigment was seen on the 5th day and gut cecal fusion began on day 11. Schistosomules developed steadily to pairing, which was seen first during the 7th wk of culture. Pairing occurred somewhat later in relation to development in vivo. PMID- 7241278 TI - Cultivation of Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. II. production of infertile eggs by worm pairs cultured from cercariae. AB - Schistosoma mansoni grown from the cercarial stage in vitro produced infertile eggs in about 10% of the pairs studied. Cultured eggs were about half normal size, had a small and blunt lateral spine, and appeared to lack a germinal disc. The shell opposite the spine was typically thin and poorly formed. Eggs were often found in dyads. Vitelline conglomerates in long strands were sometimes deposited. Vitelline glands, ovaries, and testes were relatively poorly developed. Alterations of gas phase or addition of reducing agents, antioxidants, steroid hormones, specific adsorbents, or adult worm extracts did not improve the worms or augment egg production. PMID- 7241279 TI - Cultivation of Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. III. implantation of cultured worms into mouse mesenteric veins. AB - By injection into mice we assessed the potential for full development and oviposition of young schistosomules, juveniles, and paired adults of Schistosoma mansoni, all grown in vitro from cercariae. Schistosomules 2-hr or 13-days-old were injected into mice via the tail vein; older worms were implanted surgically into the ileocolic vein. Also implanted were previously ovigerous adult pairs that had been perfused from mice and maintained in culture up to 53 days. Eventually, all were capable of producing viable eggs except the worm-pairs that had been grown to the adult stage in vitro; these failed to grow or develop further when implanted into mice. We concluded that pairs once mature in vivo could regain the capacity for oviposition even after prolonged maintenance in vitro, but worms grown entirely in vitro to pairing may have missed some required stimulus which cannot be furnished later, even by an adequate animal host. PMID- 7241280 TI - Distribution of Trichostrongylus axei, T. vitrinus, and T. colubriformis in the stomach and small intestine of the gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus. PMID- 7241281 TI - Experimental infection of Sigmodon hispidus with third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus costaricensis. AB - Adult Sigmodon hispidus, were given 50 third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus costaricensis orally, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, and on abraded and unabraded skin. Larvae could not penetrate unbroken skin but established normal infections in the cecal vasculature by all other routes. Significantly more adults were recovered after oral and intraperitoneal inoculation than subcutaneously or through abraded skin. In a single animal given larvae subcutaneously, adult worms were recovered from the pulmonary arteries, an abnormal location for this species of metastrongylid nematode, which usually occurs in the ileocolic mesenteric arteries. PMID- 7241282 TI - Development of Plasmodium inui in the Aotus trivirgatus monkey. AB - Four splenectomized Aotus trivirgatus griseimembra monkeys were affected with the OS strain of Plasmodium inui, a parasite of Old World macaques. High parasite densities were obtained and two of the animals died. Surviving animals maintained low to moderate level of chronic infections. Three of the four animals produced parasitemias which infected Anopheles dirus mosquitoes; oocyst densities were very low, however. PMID- 7241284 TI - Coccidia of surface-feeding ducks from the central flyway, Texas. PMID- 7241285 TI - Attempted transmission of Oslerus (Oslerus) osleri (=Filaroides osleri) from coyotes to domestic dogs and coyotes. PMID- 7241287 TI - Parasites of house-dwelling, insectivorous bats from Alabe, Kwara State, Nigeria. PMID- 7241286 TI - Bovine and equine onchocerciasis in Guatemala, especially in San Vicente Pacaya. PMID- 7241288 TI - Determination of the vacuum outgassing properties of elastic closures by mass spectrometry. PMID- 7241283 TI - Histopathologic responses of the jird, Meriones unguiculatus, to the bile duct and pancreatic trematode, Brachylaime microti. AB - Biliary tract histopathologic responses of the Mongolian jird, Meriones unguiculatus, were monitored during infection with Brachylaime microti. At 15 days postinoculation (PI), an inflammatory cell (polymorphonuclear and band neutrophil) response occurred in periductal tissue of the common bile duct at the site of oral sucker attachment; basophils and eosinophils were not observed. Capillary prominence and fibroblasts also were noted in this region. Histologic evidence suggested an immunologic response had begun by 15 days PI; massive periductal lymphocytic infiltration occurred and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes adjacent to the pancreas contained proliferating lymphocytes. Hepatocyte vacuolation was noted at this time. By 30 days PI, the bile duct epithelium had invaginated and lymph nodes were enlarged further. At 65 days PI, worms were encapsulated in small intrahepatic ducts by fibrous tissue of host origin. Gastric peritoneal mesothelial cysts containing ova were seen in one host. Pancreatitis was not observed in response to infection with B. microti. PMID- 7241290 TI - Sterilization of glass containers by laser initiated plasmas. PMID- 7241289 TI - Bacillus coagulans, FRR B666, as a potential biological indicator organism. PMID- 7241291 TI - Succinylcholine and intraocular pressure. AB - Thirty-one patients (61 eyes) had a rise in intraocular pressure averaging 8.2 mm Hg following the use of succinylcholine as a muscle relaxant prior to general anesthesia. Just prior to the start of surgery (an average of 14 minutes following Anectine administration), the tension had returned to the control level. Ten patients (20 eyes) had pancuronium used without succinylcholine. No change in intraocular tension was noted with this agent and pressure remained unchanged at the start of surgery. Work of other investigators, using the "spring back balance" test and strain gauge force measurement to rotate the globe, indicate that the effect of Anectine upon the extraocular muscles may take 20 to 30 minutes to wear off. This is long after the return of intraocular pressure to control values and suggests that monitoring of intraocular tension may not be accurate method of assessing the action of Anectine upon the eye muscles. The mechanism of increased fluid outflow, not muscle relaxation, probably accounts for this lowering of intraocular pressure. PMID- 7241292 TI - Reinnervation of the nerve of the inferior oblique after iatrogenic denervation. PMID- 7241293 TI - Surgical therapy of convergence insufficiency. AB - Fourteen cases of intractable convergence insufficiency were surgically treated by resection of both medial rectus muscles. All 14 patients showed dramatic relief of severe asthenopic symptoms. Temporary diplopia due to consecutive esotropia is a necessary part of this surgery and is relieved by fresnel prisms. Exophoria at near will return, occasionally to the original angle of deviation, but the symptoms do not return. The preoperative symptoms can be of severity out of proportion to the deviation. Bimedial resection is a most efficacious surgical method for treatment of intractable convergence insufficiency. PMID- 7241295 TI - Development of monofixation syndrome in congenital esotropia. AB - Fifty patients with 8 prism diopters or less of esotropia after the last surgery were studied. Forty-nine percent of those straightened before 12 months of age and 41% of those straightened between 13-24 months developed the M.S. Only one of 22 patients straightened after the age of two developed the M.S. Although D.V.D and overaction of the inferior oblique muscles were associated findings, neither precluded the development of the M.S. Those patients without M.S. had a higher incidence of subsequent exotropia and manifest D.V.D. PMID- 7241294 TI - The effect of superior oblique weakening procedures on primary position horizontal alignment. PMID- 7241296 TI - The management of corneal birth trauma. PMID- 7241297 TI - Meningeal carcinomatosis secondary to malignant lymphoma (Burkitt's pattern). AB - The clinical and histopathological features of a case of carcinomatous optic neuropathy secondary to a malignant lymphoma histologically resembling "Burkitt's tumor" occurring in an 11-year-old American male was described. Histological examination of the optic nerve showed meningeal involvement by tumor cells with extension into the septal spaces of the optic nerve. PMID- 7241298 TI - Duane's retraction syndrome associated with morning glory syndrome. AB - A 9-year-old boy with Duane's retraction syndrome and morning glory syndrome is presented. The right eye showed a grayish-pink optic disc, which had a deep excavation containing a white mass in its center and was surrounded by an annulus of pigment disturbance, i.e., consistent with the features of morning glory syndrome. The left eye had a congenital disturbance of ocular motility, which was typical of Duane's retraction syndrome. This is probably the first report of the association of Duane's retraction syndrome and morning glory syndrome. It is hypothesized that a noxious stimulus given at around two months of gestation was responsible for this rare association. PMID- 7241300 TI - The etiology, treatment and prevention of the "slipped muscle". PMID- 7241299 TI - Postoperative exotropia. AB - One hundred fifty-four cases of infantile esotropia and acquired esotropia surgically treated before the age of seven were followed for a minimum of five years. We found 44% of infantile esotropia and 60% of acquired esotropia were converted to phoria with 20% having postoperative exotropia. Eight to 10 years of age seemed to be the turning point from esotropia to exotropia. Spontaneous decrease of accommodative convergence with age seemed to be the most important causative factor in relation to secondary exotropia. Long-term follow-up revealed the residual angle of deviation decreased with time and undercorrected esotropia resolved spontaneously. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the surgeon to encourage his patients to return regularly for follow-up visits even ten years after surgery for possible spontaneous change of deviation. PMID- 7241301 TI - Use of a video-game/stripe presentation for amblyopia therapy. AB - A variation of "stripe therapy" for amblyopia is described, using a composite video presentation of a television game with horizontal or vertical moving stripe backgrounds. The initial study has been carried out with two groups of amblyopic subjects, one group exposed to stripe backgrounds while playing the television games, and a small control group playing the games without any striped backgrounds. A wide range of results was obtained over several weekly exposure sessions, from possibly significant improvement to essentially no change in visual acuity. The results obtained from the group exposed to striped backgrounds do not appear to be markedly better than those obtained from the control group. PMID- 7241305 TI - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity testing in patients and families with retinoblastoma. AB - This study tested lymphocyte cytotoxicity from patients with retinoblastoma. Lymphocytes were tested against two permanent cell lines, WERI and Y-79. Normal volunteers served as controls. The lymphocyte reactivity of both patients with retinoblastoma and their mothers showed significant elevation compared with the controls. This strongly suggests that transplacental sensitization had occurred in utero and that the tumor was present prior to birth. Two children suspected of having retinoblastoma was tested and found to have elevated cytotoxicity titers but were later shown to have nematode inflammatory reaction. Both of their mothers' lymphocytes were not reactive to the tumor cell line. These results indicate that retinoblastoma can be present in utero with sensitization of the mother to the tumor. This test, with further refinement, may be applicable as a screening test in the differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma. PMID- 7241303 TI - Keratopathy associated with hypoparathyroidism and Addison's disease. AB - Two siblings suffering from keratopathy, one with hypoparathyroidism associated with Addison's disease and the other with Addison's disease alone, are described. The hypothesis that there was an autoimmune etiology with variant manifestations in each subject is suggested and discussed. PMID- 7241302 TI - General anesthesia morbidity and mortality in eye surgery at a children's hospital. AB - The anesthesia and hospital records of 2,422 consecutive cases of eye surgery, taking place over a period of ten years, were reviewed for anesthetic morbidity and mortality. There was no mortality and no permanent morbidity. Reversible morbidity was found in 11.6% of cases, with an attack rate of 12.9%. PMID- 7241306 TI - Masked bilateral superior oblique paresis. AB - Masked bilateral superior oblique paresis which was unsuspected occurred in 9 out of 57 cases. In every case of superior oblique paresis, bilaterality should be presumed until proven otherwise. Maximum attention on multiple examinations should be utilized to elicit the slightest contralateral inferior oblique overaction. PMID- 7241304 TI - Double elevator palsy. AB - The majority of patients with monocular limitation of elevation probably have an inferior restriction as the cause of limited elevation. When there is no vertical deviation in the primary position, the absence of a superior rectus palsy is most likely. Treatment of cases with inferior restrictions consists of recession of the tight inferior rectus and conjunctival recession. If the vertical deviation in the primary position is large enough, inferior rectus recession may be combined with superior rectus resection. When superior rectus palsy is the cause of limited upgaze, transposition surgery, utilizing the lateral and medial rectus muscles transposed to the superior rectus insertion, can be utilized. This often results in significant correction of the vertical deviation in primary gaze, but only yields modest improvement of elevation. Restrictions, which may also be present, must first be released before transposition surgery can succeed. The evidence suggests that rarely need the mechanism of "double elevator palsy" be invoked to explain monocular limitation of elevation. When there is true weakness of elevation, superior rectus palsy alone can account for the clinical findings. PMID- 7241307 TI - Development of monofixation syndrome in congenital esotropia. AB - Fifty patients with 8 prism diopters or less of esotropia after the last surgery were studied. Forty-nine percent of those straightened before 12 months of age and 41% of those straightened between 13-24 months developed the M.S. Only one of the 22 patients straightened after the age of two developed the M.S. Although D.V.D. and overaction of the inferior oblique muscles were associated findings, neither precluded the development of the M.S. Those patients without M.S. had a higher incidence of subsequent exotropia and manifest D.V.D. PMID- 7241308 TI - A developmental approach to preschool vision screening. AB - A developmental approach to preschool vision screening is described. The choice of acuity testing material in this test is determined by the child's capabilities, assessed prior to acuity testing. When compared with the Society for Prevention of Blindness test, this approach yields approximately half the number of untestables. Further, the acuity data from the two screening tests are quite similar, and both agree well with data from an additional screening by a pediatric ophthalmologist. Screening of preschool children usually requires a number of compromises in methods felt to be ideal for adults. Sacrifices in cost (i.e., additional personnel to assist the tester), additional effort (i.e., prior training of the children), or precision of acuity measures (i.e., cruder picture type targets for all children and use of isolated targets) are typically made to assure testability. These problems have been minimized by the Experimental method. Because of its low untestability rate and its apparently valid acuity data, this developmental vision screening test can be recommended as a cost effective approach to preschool vision screening. Previous research has shown that ratings of a child's behavior during this developmentally oriented vision screening test predict results of diagnostic cognitive tests as accurately as extensive tests designed exclusively for developmental screening. This test is then extremely cost effective when used for comprehensive preschool screening. PMID- 7241309 TI - Continuous 20-24 hr Esophageal pH-monitoring in infancy. AB - With the aid of a specially designed combination electrode for infants, 20-24 hr monitoring of esophageal pH was undertaken in 15 infants, aged 5 wk-11 mo. Results demonstrated that the reflux time pH less than or equal to 4 was valid for this age group as for adults, to differentiate between physiologic and pathologic reflux. A new parameter, that of clearance time, defined as normalization time required to return to initial pH, was introduced to improve pH assessment. Both parameters showed a highly significant correlation in relation to each other, and were consistently in accord with the clinical symptoms. PMID- 7241312 TI - Renal scintigraphy: quantitative assessment of upper urinary tract dilatation in children. AB - A standard method of Tc-DTPA renal scintigraphy has been used to examine 426 dilated upper urinary tracts in children aged 2 days-16 yr. The method provides an accurate estimate of individual kidney function and defines the extent of dilatation. Renogram analysis and frusemide-induced diuresis have been applied in an attempt to distinguish between the obstructed upper tract and the dilated upper tract without obstruction. In 304 upper tracts, obstruction was predicted with an overall sensitivity of 0.87. The sensitivity for diagnosis of pelviureteric junction obstruction was 0.93. The value of scintigraphy in excluding significant obstruction and in follow-up studies is emphasized. This is a noninvasive, low-radiation investigation which plays an important role in the assessment of obstructive uropathy in childhood and represents a major advance in diagnostic facilities. PMID- 7241310 TI - Simplified radioisotope technique for assessing gastroesophageal reflux in children. AB - There were 125 children with a strong clinical suspicion of gastroesophageal reflux and/or aspiration evaluated with gastroesophageal scintigrams. We found this examination to be more sensitive than the standard barium radiography and highly specific in detecting aspiration of gastric contents. This procedure is simple, safe and more physiologic than other available examinations. However, since gastroesophageal scintigraphy does not delineate anatomic changes as well as barium studies, structural abnormalities of the esophagus and stomach should be evaluated with barium esophagrams and upper GI series. PMID- 7241311 TI - Vasodilator response and prediction of survival in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. AB - In an effort to find an accurate prediction of survival in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients with severe respiratory distress and persistent pulmonary hypertension, we reviewed the response to vasodilators and te clinical course of 13 patients with this condition. All patients had been operated upon within the first 24 hr of life and had postoperative descending aortic PaO2 values less than or equal to 50 torr on maximum ventilatory support. The only significant change in standard blood gas values after an intravenous test dose of 2 mg/kg of tolazoline was in the PaO2 (p less than 0.05). Patients with good response (PaO2 increase greater than 100 torr) survived. Patients with fair response (PaO2 increase between 20 and 100 torr) had equivocal survival. Patients with poor response (PaO2 increase less than 20 torr) died. There was a postoperative period up to several weeks of marked fluctuations in arterial oxygen tension in survivors before stability occurred. Vasodilator responsiveness appears to be an accurate, therapeutic indicator of the chances for survival in CDH patients with persistent pulmonary hypertension and right to left shunting. PMID- 7241313 TI - Operated hypospadiacs: late follow-up. Social, sexual, and psychological adaptation. AB - Thirty-four adult men operated upon for hypospadias in childhood and 36 controls were examined by interview and psychological tests. During childhood hypospadiacs had enuresis, showed shyness, and were mobbed more often than controls. Hypospadiac's sexual debut, but not the first ejaculation, was delayed. Most hypospadiacs had a satisfactory sexual life, albeit restricted to fewer partners. Socially, hypospadiacs showed normal adjustment but had less qualified professions than controls. Hypospadiacs showed a more doubtful sexual identity and greater castration anxiety combined with lesser utilization of cognitive and emotional resources than controls. Early operated hypospadiacs had a more infantile sexual identity than those operated later (less than 5 yr). PMID- 7241314 TI - Human fetal development of the hepato-pancreatic duct junction--a possible explanation of congenital dilatation of the biliary tract. AB - Review of 20 cases of congenital dilatation of the common bile duct in childhood showed an association with anomalous choledocho-pancreatic junction in 8. Study of human fetuses showed that the choledocho-pancreatic junction was outside the wall of the duodenum before 8 wk gestation and moved inward and towards the duodenal lumen as age advanced. Arrest of this migration can explain the formation of the anomalous junction. Normal formation of the sphincter of Oddi may also be affected by this process, and lead to functional obstruction and dilatation of the common bile duct. PMID- 7241315 TI - Action of pancreatic juice on the bile duct: pathogenesis of congenital choledochal cyst. AB - Babitt was the first to suggest that the anomalous arrangement of the pancreatico biliary ducts might be involved in the etiology of congenital choledochal cyst. Since then, many authors have reported this condition frequently associated with congenital choledochal cyst. The reflux of pancreatic juice into the common bile duct due to this anomaly has been thought to be responsible for the formation of choledochal cyst. Our previous study using the animal model with anomalous arrangement of pancreaticobiliary ducts, has proven that pancreatic juice in the common bile duct caused cystic dilatation of the common bile duct. However, the mode of action of pancreatic juice on the biliary duct has remained unclear. The present study using peroxidase as a tracer for permeability of the biliary duct showed early damage of the intercellular junction of biliary epithelium exposed by pancreatic juice, followed by affection of submucosal tissue. PMID- 7241317 TI - An examination of the birthweights of babies with some abnormalities of the alimentary tract. AB - The birthweights of patients with congenital anomalies of the intestinal tract have been examined. Cases of esophageal and duodenal atresia, malrotation of the midgut and anal anomalies have been chosen only if they were uncomplicated by any other major anomaly, and their weights plotted on the centile charts when the gestational age was known. The birthweights of cases of esophageal and duodenal atresia are clearly less than in cases of malrotation and anal malformation. This difference may be related to the function of the intestinal canal. Despite low birthweights in cases of esophageal atresia, the head circumference (OFC) shows a normal distribution. PMID- 7241316 TI - Changes of portal vein pressure and intrahepatic blood vessels after surgery for biliary atresia. AB - The portal vein pressure was measured and biopsies of the liver were taken during the corrective operation in 31 patients with biliary atresia and during relaparotomy in 16 patients free from jaundice 4 mo to 9 yr after a successful corrective operation. Because the portal vein pressure was higher than 200 mmH2O in about 70% of patients during the corrective operation, portal hypertension appears to have already developed in most of the patients with biliary atresia at 2-4 mo of age. In the patients who had had frequent episodes of postoperative cholangitis, the portal vein pressure was elevated and the amount of interstitial tissue in the liver was markedly increased at reoperation compared with those at the corrective operation. These results showed that postoperative cholangitis aggravated portal hypertension and fibrosis of the liver. On the contrary, the portal vein pressure declined in patients in whom active bile drainage had persisted and cholangitis had not been complicated after operation. An early corrective operation and prevention of postoperative cholangitis are of the greatest important for prevention of development of the portal hypertension and cirrhosis of the liver in long-term survivors after surgery for biliary atresia. PMID- 7241319 TI - Continent ileoanal endorectal pull-through. AB - Five patients with familial polyposis coli, ages 13 through 21 yr, were given the choice of permanent reservoir-type ileostomy or ileoanal endorectal pull-through to prevent cancer of the colon. Total colectomy and an ileoanal endorectal pull through was uniformly chosen and was performed using the principles described by Boley and Soave. The post-operative courses were characterized by a transition from 8 to 10 liquid stools per day and up to 3 incontinent nocturnal stools, to a bowel pattern of 2 to 4 continent semi-liquid stools without nocturnal soiling by 1 mo. Defecograms at 1 mo revealed excellent sphincter function and mild reservoir dilatation of the ileum. These observations have convinced us that this is the operative management of choice for familial polyposis. PMID- 7241320 TI - Total colectomy with ileo-endomuscular pull-through in the treatment of ulcerative colitis in children. AB - Since ulcerative colitis is primarily a mucosal disease, total colectomy with rectal mucosectomy and ileo-endomuscular pull-through (Soave) offers many theoretical advantages. The diseased colon is removed, the anal sphincteric mechanism is preserved, and permanent ileostomy is avoided, bladder and sexual function are preserved, and problems with perineal wound healing are avoided. Of critical importance is the state of rectal mucosal disease in the selection of patients for this operation. Our experience with four children in whom the operation has been performed is presented. Postoperative diarrhea has not proved to be a significant problem and continence has been maintained. PMID- 7241318 TI - Localized and disseminated forms of neuronal intestinal dysplasia mimicking Hirschsprung's disease. AB - Neuronal intestinal dysplasia is characterized by structural changes consisting of hyperplasia of the myenteric plexus, an increase of the acetyl cholinesterase activity and the formation of giant ganglia. The condition gives rise to signs and symptoms similar to Hirschsprung's disease. Neuronal intestinal dysplasia can occur as a clinical entity itself in a localized or disseminated form. It may also accompany Hirschsprung's disease either as a localized defect or as a disseminated disorder of the entire intestinal tract. In localized forms, resection of the entire diseased segment is curative. Disseminated forms often have a fetal outcome despite ileostomy and colectomy. It is conceivable that differences in the severity of symptoms depend upon the development or absence of sympathetic innervation. PMID- 7241321 TI - Delayed primary anastomosis following spontaneous growth of esophageal segments in esophageal atresia. AB - Between 1977 and 1979, five consecutive cases of esophageal atresia had delayed primary esophageal anastomosis at ages ranging from 5 1/2 to 18 wk. Serial growth studies of the two esophageal segments were performed under fluoroscopic screening. It was observed that spontaneous growth of esophageal segments occurs in the absence of any stretching or bougienage of the esophageal ends. PMID- 7241322 TI - Blunt transmediastinal total esophagectomy with simultaneous substernal colon interposition for esophageal caustic stricture in children. AB - The management of caustic strictures of the esophagus continues to be a challenge to the pediatric surgeon. Many of these patients develop refractory strictures and esophageal reconstruction becomes necessary. Most of the currently employed surgical techniques for this reconstruction leave the injured esophagus in situ and most surgeons have been unwilling to perform a secondary thoracotomy for removal. Many authors have suggested a vastly increased risk of development of esophageal carcinoma in the caustically injured esophagus. In the past five years, techniques for blunt transmediastinal esophagectomy have been developed for adult patients with carcinoma of the cervical region of the esophagus. The current report describes the use of these techniques in two pediatric patients for performing total esophagectomy with simultaneous substernal colon interposition, without the need for thoracotomy. With careful adherence to several technical aspects, this procedure safely allows for complete removal of the injured esophagus and alleviates the concerns of subsequent complications from this organ. PMID- 7241323 TI - Congenital esophageal stenosis due to tracheobronchial remnants and its associated anomalies. AB - Two cases of congenital esophageal stenosis due to tracheobronchial remnants are reported, one accompanied by anovestibular fistula and the other by microphthalmos with iris coloboma. A survey of congenital esophageal stenosis due to tracheobronchial remnants in Japan revealed that the incidence of associated anomalies in this lesion is 17.3% This value is significantly lower than that reported for esophageal atresia. Our analysis showed that esophageal atresia is the most frequently associated anomaly, followed by anorectal abnormalities. Cardiovascular anomalies are very uncommon. Embryology relating to this subject is discussed. PMID- 7241324 TI - Multiple intestinal atresias: pathology and pathogenesis. PMID- 7241326 TI - Successful replantation of a traumatically amputated penis in a neonate. AB - This is a report of a case of traumatic amputation of the penis in a 10-day-old neonate. The amputation was performed accidentally under far from sterile conditions in a village by an untrained barber, trying to do a circumcision. Replantation was successfully performed. PMID- 7241325 TI - Multiple jejunoileal atresias: a successful reconstruction by sex end-to-end anastomoses. PMID- 7241327 TI - The effect of cimetidine on a bleeding peptic ulcer due to a gastrojejunostomy for duodenal atresia. PMID- 7241328 TI - A new test-combination for the enzymatic determination of fetal lung maturity. AB - Based on the enzymatic method for the determination of lecithins, clinical tested by DIEDRICH and coworkers [1], there is a test-combination available now which is soon to be brought onto the market by the film Boehringer, Mannheim, Germany. Full working instructions are given with the test. The biochemical basis of the method is the decomposition of the lecithins in amniotic fluid--which originate from the fetal lungs--by means of a phospholipase C. In an enzymatic chain reaction the split phosphorylcholine as a parameter of lecithins is determined quantitatively photometrically by consumption of NADH. Measurements are made against a reagents blank and Precilip EL (BOEHRINGER, Mannheim) as a quality control. The test set can be used for some months with a maximum of 30 single determinations. In a double-blind study the enzymatic method was tested against the densitometric determination of lecithins by KYNAST and SALING [2]. The examination of 39 amniotic fluid samples which were won by amniocentesis at about the 30th to 42nd week of gestation showed a highly significant relationship (p less than 0.001) between both methods. Meconium and blood raised the lecithin level so that these contamination can lead to false positive values. As a result the examined test-combination is a usable method for determining fetal lung maturity from uncontaminated amniotic fluid samples. Because of its specificity and small apparative costs, it further is suited as a standard comparison method to those other existing methods and may lead to standardisation of lung maturity diagnosis. PMID- 7241329 TI - Registration of contractions in pregnant women using a microprocessor controlled digital recorder. AB - As a further development of the two component contraction recorder TOKOPORT, a digital microprocessor controlled contraction memory has been built which registers, analyses and displays contractions in pregnant women. The memorized data can be read out in graphic form. The possibility of conveying the data by telephone is under development. The device is small, simple to operate and portable. PMID- 7241330 TI - On the incidence of errors in large epidemiology studies with comments on evaluation, interpretation, and future surveys. AB - Large epidemiological studies with over 5000 cases have the advantage of providing sufficient case numbers for the statistical evaluation of sub-groups. They are associated with a higher error rate in data collection and the influence of differences in judgment on part of the collaborators. In order to quantitatively assess these problems two studies were performed with data material from the research project "Perinatology" in the German Democratic Republic. This project investigated questions of epidemiology of newborns at risk in the years 1970 to 1972 in eight medical institutions with a total of 6780 cases. 1) By comparing the original hospital records of 310 cases the errors for 33 criteria in the computer printout were determined. 2) For 7 subjective clinical criteria in the newborn the difference in opinions was demonstrated by determining the frequency of abnormal findings in the various institutions. PMID- 7241332 TI - Quantitative drug design studies. II. Development and application of new electronic substituent parameters. AB - New electronic substituent parameters for quantitative drug design were developed from the standpoint of the frontier orbital theory using the extended Huckel method. Each substituent was characterized by three constants (E, Re, I), which were derived from the SOMO (solely occupied molecular orbital) energy and the coefficient of the SOMO hybrid orbital responsible for bonding to the parent moiety. These correspond to the SOMO-SOMO energy difference (E), the resistivity of the path (Re), and the flow intensity (I) respectively, when the frontier electron flow occurs between the standard parent and the substituent. They can be regarded as major factors governing the electronic inductive-field effect of the substituent. As the result of analyses of various kinds of biological data, they were found to be excellent and widely applicable parameters to the structure activity problems. In this paper, the new frontier substituent constant values for 150 kinds of substituents and 58 kinds of equations to which the new constants were successfully applied are presented. PMID- 7241331 TI - Clenbuterol--a long term uterine relaxant. AB - Clenbuterol (C.) is a bronchospasmolytic agent which selectively stimulates beta 2-receptors; side-effects of the drug are virtually minimal. C. effects a strong uterine relaxation. The renal elimination after oral administration is 34 hours. In a pilot study 26 women during labor received C. because of uterine hypermotility and increased fetal risk. After oral doses of 40 microgram, 60 microgram and 100 microgram a marked uterine relaxation was achieved in 20 women. Six women did not respond, because the dilatation of the uterine orifice was too much progressed. The effect of an intravenous injection was not superior to that of an oral administration. 21 women with signs of imminent premature birth received C. orally during pregnancy. There were a number of high risk cases among these women. In average a period of uterine relaxation of 63 days was achieved. 18 women reached the 38th week of pregnancy. No cardiovascular side effects were noted in the fetuses, only at the begin of the treatment the mothers showed mild transient palpitations or also transient tremor. PMID- 7241333 TI - Structure-activity relationships of novel 3-acylpyrrole derivatives: new inhibitors of platelet aggregation. AB - Several N-substituted-3-acyl-2, 5-dimethyl pyrrole derivatives were examined for their potency to inhibit aggregation of platelets in vitro and extra vivo in guinea pigs. A structure-activity relationship study showed that the substitution at 3 position of the pyrrole ring affected in vitro activity of inhibiting platelet aggregation. Compounds with 3-benzoyl or 3-thenoyl substituent had greater potency than those with 3-aliphatic acyl substituent. Modification of benzoyl, such as para substitution of phenyl group or reduction of carbonyl group, decreased the activity. There was no clear correlation between that N substitution of the pyrrole ring and in vitro anti-platelet activity. However, compounds with a longer alkyl chain in the N-substituent had weaker activity. The in vitro inhibitory activity on prostaglandin synthetase of these compounds, though less potent compared with their antiplatelet activity, has a close correlation with the latter. N-substituents of the pyrrole ring had the effect on extra vivo activity. Compounds which have no N-alpha-methyl group and no hetero atoms such as oxygen or sulfur in the N-substituent diminished the extra vivo activity. PMID- 7241334 TI - Influence of the route of administration on the mean hepatic extraction ratio of propranolol in the rat. AB - The mean hepatic extraction ratio (ER) of propranolol was estimated directly by simultaneous measurements of arterial and hepatic venous blood concentrations of the drug following systemic venous and portal venous administration in the rat. The ER was greater than 0.9 in the dose range of 2.5 to 12.5 mg/kg following rapid infusion of propranolol into the femoral vein and was not dependent on infusion rate. On the other hand, the ER following intraportal constant-rate infusion decreased progressively with increasing dose, although the ER at an intraportal dose of 2.5 mg/kg was as high as that found after administration into the femoral vein. In addition, it was found that the ER at an intraportal dose of 12.5 mg/kg of propranolol was significantly influenced by infusion rate. The unusual AUC-dose relationship of propranolol previously reported in the rat could be explained on the basis of the present nonlinear hepatic extraction depending on the route and rate of administration which was clarified in vivo. The nonlinear hepatic extraction was further confirmed by determining the remarkably decreased ER of (14)C-propranolol given intravenously after pretreatment or during portal venous administration of unlabelled propranolol. PMID- 7241336 TI - Hydrazine formation from iproniazid. PMID- 7241335 TI - Effect of chlorpromazine administration on enzyme activity concerning phosphatidic acid metabolism in rat liver. AB - The effect of chlorpromazine on phospholipid metabolism was studied in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum. Administration of chlorpromazine per os caused a marked increase in microsomal phospholipid content without affecting its composition. The rate of incorporation of both [(32)P]orthophosphate and [2-(3)H)glycerol into phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol increased by the administration of chlorpromazine. Enhanced labeling of phosphatidylinositol was also observed when myo-[2-(3)H]inositol was used as a precursor. The activity of glycerophosphate acyltransferase significantly increased and that of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase markedly decreased by the administration of chlorpromazine. The activity of phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase was not affected by the drug treatment. These findings suggested that the administration of chlorpromazine increases the availability of phosphatidic acid by activating glycerophosphate acyltransferase and inhibiting phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, leading to enhanced synthesis of phosphatidylinositol. PMID- 7241337 TI - Effect gamma-melanotropin (gamma-MSH) on the conditioned behavior. AB - Effects of a dodecapeptide containing the gamma-MSH sequence on two types of conditioned behaviors were investigated. This peptide enhanced the avoidance response in poorly-performing mice, while it suppressed the self-stimulation lever pressing in rats. At higher doses, the peptide induced slight convulsions of a myoclonic type. The significance of these behavioral changes has not been assessed, but the results suggest that gamma-MSH may have some physiological function in the central nervous system. PMID- 7241339 TI - The ecology of anxiety: situational stress and rate of self-stimulation in Turkey. AB - Twelve community behavior settings in Ankara, Turkey, were ranked with high agreement by 30 judges (average r = .80, p less than .001) according to the amount of situational stress, defined as evaluative apprehension and uncertainty, generated by each setting. The rate of hand-to- face or body (self-stimulation) behavior was observed systemically in stressful compared to relaxed settings. Analysis by a stepwise multiple regression procedure showed higher rates in stressful settings, F(1, 587) = 9.33, p less than .01. This finding was successfully replicated one year after the original study with new samples of settings, observers, and observed individuals, F(1, 351) = 7.38, p less than .01. Sex of the observed individuals had no relationship to rate of self-stimulation, and smoking appeared to act as a suppressor variable. These results suggest that other sources of variance from persons and Person X Situation interactions can be safely ignored if one's purpose in an investigation is to make ecological comparisons in anxiety rates. PMID- 7241338 TI - Physical pain and the goal of aversively stimulated aggression. AB - Several studies have indicated that anger arousal elicits instigation to inflict injury, but there is good evidence to date that noninsulting aversive events also create a desire to hurt someone. The verbal hostility or physical aggression displayed in previous investigations of the effects of such aversive stimuli might be expressions of an instigation to hit, but not necessarily to hurt, the available target. Two experiments were designed to demonstrate that painful environmental conditions evoke aggressive inclinations directed toward doing harm even when the available target is not responsible for the suffering. In both studies university women kept one hand in a tank of water that was either painfully cold or much warmer while they delivered rewards and punishments to another woman supposedly in the course of supervising her work. Half of the subjects in each condition were informed that their punishments might hurt their partner, whereas the others were told that these punishments probably would be helpful. In the first experiment the two variables interacted to affect the subjects' behavior only during the first work period. Experiment 2 yielded interaction in both periods for the reward measure. In general, the women exposed to the warmer water tended to deliver the greatest number of rewards when they had been told punishment would hurt, whereas those in the cold-water condition were least rewarding if they had been informed punishment would injure their partner. Citing evidence that a lower number of rewards was somewhat punitive, we conclude that the aversive stimulation had evoked an instigation to do harm, and that the information about the possibility of hurting the partner served as a goal cue facilitating the overt expression of the instigation. Factor analyses of the subjects' feelings in the second study suggested that the women's feelings were organized differently the first and second times they had their hand in the water. PMID- 7241340 TI - Behavioral and physiological reactions to observed violence: effects of prior exposure to aggressive stimuli. AB - Eight male subjects first watched either a videotaped sequence that was violent and arousing in nature or one that was arousing but less violent. Subjects then observed either a second videotape or a sequence of aggressive acts or no videotape. Subjects who were shown the second videotape were told that the aggressive acts they saw were either justified or not justified by previous events. Other subjects were given no information regarding justification of the observed aggression. It was found that subjects who had first seen an arousing but less violent tape were subsequently more aggressive toward an antagonist if they had also observed justified violence than if they had seen nonjustified violence. Subjects who had first watched the violent videotape showed no differences in aggression as a function of the justification of the second set of aggressive acts. Analysis of blood pressure data showed that prior exposure to violence attenuated arousal in response to subsequently observed aggression, but that the context in which aggression was seen as justified or nonjustified did not influence arousal. The results are discussed in terms of differential sensitivity to cues that inhibit or disinhibit aggression as a result of previous exposure to violence. PMID- 7241341 TI - The paralanguage of caregiving: baby talk to the institutionalized aged. AB - A field study was conducted at a nursing home to (a) obtain descriptive information on the speech environment of the institutionalized elderly and (b) provide speech samples with which to conduct judgment studies on the paralinguistic features of caregiver communication. Three kinds of speech were differentiated: baby talk, speech to the elderly that was not in baby talk, and speech between caregivers, which was assumed to be normal adult speech. Over 22% of the sentences were reliably categorized as baby talk speech. Caregivers' ratings of the characteristics of the care receivers did not predict the amount of baby talk that was directed toward individual care receivers. In Judgment Study 1, content-filtered baby talk was identified as speech to children regardless of the actual status, adult or child, of the target. In Judgment Study 2, content-filtered speech samples were rated on four dimensions: comfort, pleasantness, irritation, and arousal. Baby talk was rated positive, adult speech received intermediate ratings, and non-baby-talk was rated negative. The findings suggest that baby talk is a speech register conveying affection, and it is proposed that non-baby-talk to the elderly is an "institutional" register denoting and promoting dependency. PMID- 7241343 TI - Maternal learned helplessness and physiologic response to infant crying. AB - Maternal response to infant crying was studied by exposing mothers of young infants to varying degrees of control over the termination of infant crying. As adapted from the learned-helplessness paradigm, each mother was tested on an instrumental shuttle box task following exposure to one of three instrumental pretreatments: (a) escape-four button presses terminated the infant cry; (b) inescape-button press was unrelated to cry termination; and (c) control-mothers passively listened to the cry. Following pretreatment, each mother was given an instrumental shuttle box task consisting of a solvable task with an alternation response that controlled cry termination. Cardiac responses were monitored throughout the session. On the performance measures, mothers pretreated with inescapable infant crying showed debilitated performance on the second task. Failure to escape, number of trials to escape criterion and latency of response to the cry were all greater for the inescape group compared with escape and control mothers, with exception that inescapable and control mothers did not differ significantly on response latency scores. In addition, only mothers with prior experience controlling the cry showed cardiac deceleration, an index of attentional processing, during a 10-sec anticipatory period preceding the cry episode of the solvable instrumental task. These cardiac data provide suggestive evidence that the important behavioral differences may in part be attributable to differential processing of cues signaling the onset of crying. PMID- 7241342 TI - The type A coronary-prone behavior pattern and reactions to uncontrollable stress: an analysis of performance strategies, affect, and attributions during failure. AB - The present study examined the ongoing experience of Type A and Type B undergraduates during prolonged exposure to unsolvable discrimination problems in which the cue signaling failure was highly or moderately salient to subjects. Subjects were asked to think out loud while solving the problems that were presented in a manner to permit monitoring of their problem-solving strategies. Results revealed that the problem-solving strategies of high-salience A's deteriorated across failure trials. At the same time, they commented on their lack of ability and, to some extent, on the task's difficulty as accounting for their failure. They expressed annoyance and anger at themselves and at their circumstances. On the other hand, B's did not use ineffectual strategies; they continued to perform appropriately during failure. However, they did comment on task difficulty (during the experiment) as well as on chance and the experimenter (at the conclusion of the experiment) as playing critical roles in their failure to do well. The results suggest that deficits in performance of A's and of B's in previous investigations are the outcomes of different processes: A's may be helpless, whereas B's may be pseudohelpless. The findings support Pattern A as a specific coping style aimed at maintaining and asserting control over stressful aspects of the environment. Implications for the reformulated models of learned helplessness are discussed. PMID- 7241344 TI - Sources of differential stress response associated with psychometrically designated anxiety proneness. AB - This research examined different aspects of the expression of psychometrically designated anxiety proneness related to dimensions of "ego threat" and "novelty ambiguity." In an ego-threatening situation, subjects were presented with abstract-reasoning items whose stress-relevant properties-item difficulty-had earlier been scaled among comparable samples. In the first study, comparisons focused on objective outcomes (records of task failure) as well as appraised outcome records and appraised task effort necessary for adequate performance. In the second study, comparisons emphasized direct physiological and subjective reactions to the stressing situational properties. Results indicate that anxiety proneness is associated with variation in direct reactions to the stressing properties but not with variation in the configuration of the objective or appraised properties themselves. Implications for current concepts on the expression of anxiety proneness and for its psychometric prediction are discussed, as are certain similarities between the present findings and those from research on other sources of individual differences in stress response. Differential sensitivities of alternative indices of stress reaction to variation in anxiety proneness are considered in the light of earlier studies. PMID- 7241345 TI - Viscoelastic stress/strain behavior of pharmaceutical tablets: analysis during unloading and postcompression periods. AB - The processes of nonequilibrium generation and decay of axial and radial stresses within tablet compacts were analyzed in terms of three-dimensional linear viscoelastic theory. A rotary tablet press was instrumented to measure punch and die wall stresses during the compression and postcompression periods. Following compression, tablets were permitted to remain at the compression site within the die, and the die wall stress was followed. Microcrystalline cellulose, spray processed lactose, and sulfacetamide are known to have different compression characteristics and were found to differ significantly in their viscoelastic parameters. Compacts assumed their final viscoelastic state prior to the time of punch separation. Theory permits separation of material behavior into dilation and distortion components. Dilation, thought to be dependent on voids, was elastic in all cases. Distortion effects could be described well by a Kelvin solid model. Results indicate that viscoelastic properties are functions of compression conditions and may be useful in adjusting compression conditions to avoid problems such as capping. PMID- 7241346 TI - TLC identification adn GLC determination of meperidine and its metabolites in biological fluids. AB - Procedures were developed for TLC identification and GLC determination of meperidine and its metabolites, i.e., p-hydroxymeperidine, normeperidine, and meperidinic and normeperidinic acids. Meperidine, p-hydroxymeperidine, and normeperidine were extracted with ether from biological fluids at pH 10, whereas meperidinic and normeperidinic acids and conjugated metabolites remained in the aqueous phase. The residue, upon evaporation of the extract to dryness, was derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride and gas chromatographed. Total (free and conjugated) meperidinic and normeperidinic acids in the aqueous phase were converted and determined as meperidine and normeperidine, respectively. A preliminary result of urinary disposition of meperidine and its metabolites in the rat is presented. The identity of these metabolites was confirmed with GLC mass spectrometry. PMID- 7241347 TI - Electrokinetic studies of magnesium hydroxide. AB - The electrophoretic mobility of magnesium hydroxide was studied as a function of the concentration of its potential-determining ions, namely, of the magnesium ions, and of the hydroxide ions or pH. The zero point of charge was located at approximately 10.8. The zeta-potential of magnesium hydroxide below this pH was positive. The addition of magnesium nitrate to magnesium hydroxide suspensions increased the positive zeta-potential and lowered the pH. The low solubility of magnesium hydroxide in water prevented the attainment of substantial concentrations of magnesium ions in solution. Increasing the hydroxide-ion concentration or the pH produced charge inversion. The largest negative zeta potential was attained at pH 11.5. Further increases in pH produced no significant increase in the negative value of the zeta-potential. PMID- 7241348 TI - Molecular requirements of the active site of cholinergic receptors XV: Synthesis and biological activity of 2,3-dehydrodeoxamuscarone and 2,3 dehydrodeoxamuscarines. AB - To elucidate the molecular requirements of the active sites of cholinergic receptors, 3-methyl-4-oxo-1-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)cyclopent-2-ene methiodide (2,3-dehydrodeoxamuscarone) and cis- and trans-3-methyl-4-hydroxy-1-(N,N dimethylaminomethyl)cyclopent-2-ene methiodides (cis- and trans dehydrodeoxamuscarines) were synthesized and tested. The results, compared with those of the corresponding oxygenated compounds, seem to indicate the 2,3 dehydrodeoxamuscarines and muscarine bind at the same site while 2,3 dehydrodeoxamuscarone interacts with the site normally occupied by muscarone. Furthermore, the previously suggested hypothesis that the unpolar site might somehow incorporate that of muscarone was considered. PMID- 7241349 TI - Estimation of protein and drug adsorption onto silicone-coated glass surfaces. AB - Porous glass coated with silicone adsorbed proteins such as albumin, globulin, hemoglobin, lysozyme, and peroxidase in pH 7.2 phosphate-buffered saline in the amount of 33--53 mg of protein/g of glass (39.4 m2/g of glass). These proteins were not absorbed from distilled water (except peroxidase). The amounts of albumin adsorbed onto coated glass from several buffers at ionic strength greater than 0.05 mu were similar to amounts adsorbed from saline, despite the difference in salts and pH. The enzymes adsorbed onto coated glass were stable for at least 1 month. Drugs such as insulin, atropine sulfate, physostigmine salicylate, and epinephrine were adsorbed onto the coated glass in the amounts of 28, 0.32, 1.53, and 0.01 mg/g of glass, respectively. The adsorption of pharmaceutical biologicals composed proteins such as hormones and vaccines onto silicone-coated glass contains must be recognized and compensated for, particularly at low concentrations. Protein adsorption onto coated glass might be caused by hydrophobic interaction. PMID- 7241350 TI - Synthesis of tetracycline ring A analogs. AB - Studies directed at the synthesis of tetracycline ring A analogs are described. 4 Carbethoxycyclohexane-1,3-dione was converted to the ethyl urethan dispiro[1,3 dioxolane-2,2'-cyclohexane-4',2"(1,3)-dioxolane]-1'-carbamic acid ethyl ester via the dispiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,2'-cyclohexane-4'-2"(1,3)-dioxolane]-1'-carboxylic acid hydrazide. An improved synthesis of another cyclohexenone from methyl vinyl ketone and ethyl nitroacetate is reported. Reaction of N-(3-hydroxy-1-oxo-2 cyclohexen-4-yl)benzamide with alpha-chloroacetyl isocyanate afforded a 4(5H) oxazolone derivative, as did the identical reaction on 5,5-dimethyl-1,3 cyclohexanedione (dimedone). This reaction provides a novel approach to these oxazolones with potential therapeutic importance. Other ring A analogs were synthesized also. PMID- 7241352 TI - Solubility and partitioning IV: Aqueous solubility and octanol-water partition coefficients of liquid nonelectrolytes. AB - The aqueous solubility and octanol-water partition coefficient of over 100 nonelectrolyte organic liquid solutes are related by the simple equation log Sw = -1.016 log PC +0.515, where Sw is the molar solubility of liquid solutes in water and PC is the experimental partition coefficient of the solutes in the octanol water system. The liquids studied represent a wide variety of organic compounds including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones. This finding is in agreement with that reported by Hansch and coworkers. However, these results are significant because only the experimental values for the aqueous solubilities and octanol-water partition coefficients are included, as opposed to the calculated partition coefficients used by Hansch. This relationship is extremely useful in understanding the overall solubility and partitioning phenomenon for organic liquids are provides a basis for studying crystalline solids and gases. PMID- 7241351 TI - Determination of platinum in serum and ultrafiltrate by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. AB - A graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometric assay, capable of accurately determining nanogram amounts of platinum in serum and ultrafiltrate, was developed. A sample serum or ultrafiltrate was acidified with nitric acid and heated to destroy the protein-platinum bond. A measured excess of ammonium 1 pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate was added, and the platinum complex was extracted into isopropylacetone. The extract was injected into the graphite furnace. The sample was dried, charred, and atomized using optimal conditions. The resulting absorbance was used to determine the platinum content. PMID- 7241354 TI - Synthesis and antihistaminic activity of 1-[(4-substituted-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5 yl)arylmethyl]-4-methylpiperazines. PMID- 7241353 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for fenoprofen in human plasma. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the quantitation of fenoprofen, dl-2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-propionic acid, in human plasma. The proteins in plasma were precipitated by the addition of hydrochloric acid. Fenoprofen and the internal standard, dl-2-(4-phenoxyphenyl)valeric acid, were extracted into butyl chloride and then back-extracted into sodium hydroxide. The aqueous solution was injected onto a reversed-phase alkylphenyl column, and the compounds were eluted using a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (50:50:2 v/v/v). At a flow rate of 1 ml/min, the retention times of fenoprofen and the internal standard were 8 and 12 min, respectively. The absorbance was monitored at 272 nm. The method requires 1.0 ml of plasma and is sensitive to 0.5 microgram/ml. This procedure has been used for routine assay of multiple samples from bioavailability and compliance studies. PMID- 7241355 TI - Chronic dog intestinal loop model for studying drug absorption as exemplified by beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents, atenolol and propranolol. AB - Chronic in situ loops of dog small intestine (jejunum or ileum) were used to investigate the absorption of the beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents atenolol and propranolol. Absorption measurements were made in conscious dogs by monitoring drug disappearance from solution in the loop, with correction for intestinal water absorption. The jejunum had a mean resting pH of 7.3 and a slight net secretion of water into the lumen; the ileum had a resting pH of 7.9 and a strong net absorption of water. Propranolol absorption was rapid and first order in both regions, with the ileum showing faster absorption than the jejunum due to its higher resting pH. In contrast, atenolol absorption was negligible in the jejunum and only moderate in the ileum. The data were quantitatively consistent with the pH-partition mechanism for the absorption of propranolol but not for atenolol. The model was validated for atenolol by showing that, following drug administration into jejunal and ileal loops, drug disappearance rates were similar to absorption rates calculated from systemic blood levels. This technique is useful, realistic, and relatively simple for studying intestinal drug absorption without seriously perturbing normal GI conditions. PMID- 7241356 TI - Bioavailability of orally administered propiram fumarate in humans. AB - Propiram bioavailability was determined in 10 healthy volunteers after a single role administration of 50 mg (base equivalent) of propiram fumarate in tablet or solution dosage from in a randomized crossover design. The plasma drug concentration-time curve revealed a one-compartment open model with first-order absorption kinetics. There were no statistically significant differences (P greater than 0.05) between all of the measured pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the tablet and the solution with the exception of the absorption lag time (tlag), where the tablet had a significantly longer tlag. The drug given as a tablet or solution was absorbed rapidly after oral administration with an apparent absorption rate constant of 3.7 hr-1 for both dosage forms. The Cmax value (308 ng/ml for the tablet and 342 ng/ml for the solution) was attained at approximately 1 hr after oral administration. The elimination half-life was 5.2 hr for the tablet and 4.4 hr for the solution, and the apparent distribution volume was 2.31 liters/kg for the tablet and 1.94 liters/kg for the solution. Total body clearance was much greater than renal clearance, indicating extensive metabolic clearance for both dosage forms. The study showed that propiram administered as the tablet was bioequivalent to the solution. PMID- 7241357 TI - Bioavailability of 11 quinidine formulations adn pharmacokinetic variation in humans. AB - The bioavailabilities of eight quinidine sulfate, two gluconate, and one polygalacturonate formulations were compared, with one of the sulfate formulations as a reference (R) in a panel of 24 volunteers, according to a design comprising duplicate 6 x 6 Latin squares in two subject groups. Only one gluconate formulation (H) gave a significantly lower (p less than 0.05) area under the curve from 0 to 30 hr (AUC30), 90% or R, which was not as significant as AUC infinity (94% of R). Formulation H also gave a significantly lower peak concentration (Cmax) and a longer time to peak concentration (tmax) and generally exhibited some characteristics of sustained-release product. In addition, one product (F) gave a significantly higher Cmax while another formulation (D) gave a longer tmax. The wide range of dissolution times obtained with these products with three test conditions was not reflected in the AUC, Cmax, or tmax values obtained, except the Formulation H was consistently the slowest to dissolve. The terminal rate constants, expressed as t 1/2, of the 24 subjects gave an overall mean of 7.49 +/- 0.77 hr and ranged from 6.24 +/- 0.28 to 0.49 +/- 0.90 hr in individuals. The estimated total body clearance, with the assumption that the oral bioavailability was 70%, gave an overall mean of 4.22 +/- 1.05 and ranged from 2.49 +/- 0.28 to 6.42 +/- 0.70 mg/min/kg in individuals, demonstrating the wide range of quinidine disposition even in healthy subjects; this finding is in agreement with recently published results. PMID- 7241359 TI - Disintegration-dissolution analysis of percent dissolved-time data. AB - A simple, graphical method is described for the disintegration--dissolution analysis of cumulative percent dissolved--time data. The technique is based on a biexponential equation with the assumption of first-order disintegration and dissolution according to a simple dissolution model. The dissolution data obtained for six commercial tablets and capsules adequately fit the developed equation. The described method is simple and can handle initial data points that are usually ignored by other techniques. PMID- 7241358 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of corticosteroids in topical pharmaceuticals. AB - Cortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, and prednisone were separated on a reversed-phase microparticulate high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) column with a ternary mobile solvent containing tetrahydrofuran, methanol, and water. Cortisone acetate, hydrocortisone acetate, and prednisolone acetate were separated on the same reversed-phase column using acetonitrile-water. Various commercial topical formulations of these corticosteroids, except cortisone and prednisone, were prepared by both simple dilution and by extraction for analysis by the proposed HPLC procedure, by the blue tetrazolium procedure, and by the isoniazid procedure and/or phenylhydrazine method. Retention data are given for some common degradation products (C-17 ketones and C-17 carboxylic acid derivatives) and for methyl-, propyl-, and butylparabens with these mobile solvents. PMID- 7241360 TI - Synthesis of alkylaminoalkylamides of substituted 2-aminopyrroles as potential local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic agents. II: beta-Amines. AB - The synthesis, local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic properties, and CNS toxicity of 14 2-(3-alkylaminoalkylamido)-pyrroles are described. Most of the compounds exhibited local anesthetic activity by the guinea pig wheal test, with seven showing comparable or greater activity than lidocaine. Most compounds also exhibited antiarrhythmic activity; three compounds had more potent activity than lidocaine. All compounds exhibiting antiarrhythmic activity also were toxic to the CNS. However, two of the three compounds having greater activity than lidocaine possessed more desirable therapeutic indexes. PMID- 7241361 TI - Biodehalogenation and metabolism of 125[I]-4-iodobiphenyl. AB - [125I]-4-Iodobiphenyl has been used as a model compound to investigate the in vivo metabolism of iodinated aromatic compounds in the rat. Material balance studies showed that 57.6% of the injected dose was excreted via feces and 41.2% via urine. Distribution studies indicated uptake of inorganic iodide in the thyroid. In the feces, 2.2% of the dose was unmetabolized iodobiphenyl, 2.6% was 2-hydroxy-4'-iodobiphenyl, 21.9% was 4-hydroxy-4'-iodobipheny, and 20.9% was a polar fraction of which only 10.3% could by silylated. In urine, 1.6% of the dose was 2-hydroxy-4'-iodobiphenyl, 4.9% was 4-hydroxy-4'-iodobiphenyl, 1.9% was 2 hydroxy-4'-iodobiphenyl, 17.7% was 4-hydroxy-4'-iodobiphenyl glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, and 8.2% was inorganic iodide. About 3.0% of the dose in the urine polar fraction could be methylated. PMID- 7241362 TI - Optical studies on interaction of biliary contrast agents with native and modified human serum albumin. AB - The interaction of two homologous series of biliary contrast agents with native human and bovine serum albumin and with modified human serum albumin was investigated using circular dichroism and equilibrium dialysis. For most derivatives, extrinsic Cotton effects were observed for the interaction with both albumins. In some cases, these effects were strongly affected by only small changes in the chemical structure of the drugs. These large differences in extrinsic Cotton effects can be explained by definite effects of the chemical structures on the binding site selectivity of some drugs. For example, iopodate preferentially binds to the warfarin binding site of human serum albumin, while an ethyl group into the propionic acid side chain reduces the affinity for the warfarin site but strongly increases the affinity for the diazepam binding site of human albumin. PMID- 7241363 TI - Interaction of xanthan gum with suspended solids. AB - Xanthan gum was adsorbed significantly by magnesium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, zinc oxide, and calcium carbonate, giving Langmuir-type isotherms. Saturation adsorption was higher from 0.9% NaCl than from water due to reduced mutual repulsion of polymer segments in the presence of the salt. Adsorption resulted from electrostatic attraction between positively charged particles and the negatively charged polymer. zeta-Potential measurements correlated with the adsorption data but were not predictive of the flocculation state. The result indicate that flocculation of magnesium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide by xanthan gum is consistent with a bridging mechanism. PMID- 7241364 TI - Synthesis and structure--activity relationships of selected tricyclic oxime O ethers as potential anticholinergic agents. AB - Selected isomeric and nonisomeric oxime O-ether derivatives of thioxanthone oxime were synthesized and evaluated for anticholinergic activity. The oxime O-ethers were prepared via O-alkylation of the oximate anion with appropriate aminoaklyl halides. Separation and isolation of the structural isomers were accomplished through dry-column chromatography. The racemic alpha-methyl isomer was resolved via formation of tartrate diastereomers, which were subsequently isolated. All synthesized compounds exhibited significant antimuscarinic activity. A comparison of the antimuscarinic activities of these compounds revealed that the racemic alpha-methyl isomer was the most potent and that the racemic beta-methyl isomer was the least potent. Structure-activity relationships among the oxime O-ether derivatives synthesized are discussed. PMID- 7241365 TI - Transport of prostaglandins through silicone rubber. AB - The in vitro release profiles of the F-series of prostaglandins were determined from a silicone rubber matrix of constant surface area. Silicone rubber was selective toward prostaglandin transport and offers potential as a controlled release delivery system. Drug release patterns were dependent on the lipophilicity of the prostaglandin molecule. For dinoprost (prostaglandin F2 alpha), the following sequences was observed: methyl ester greater than free acid greater than tromethamine salt. The biologically potent carboprost methyl [(15S) 15-methylprostaglandin F2 alpha methyl ester] was release considerably faster than the methyl ester of the parent dinoprost molecule, while release of the tromethamine salt of the two prostaglandins was similar. Permeability rates of the salts were depressed substantially when compared to their respective C-1 methyl esters. Results from independent membrane transport studies supported the observed dependence of steady-state flux on the chemical structure of the prostaglandin molecule. Plots of the amount released per unit area versus the square root of time were linear except for the initial drug release phase, and the total amount of prostaglandin released increased as the initial loading dose was raised. The data were analyzed according to a physical model describing drug release from inert matrix systems. The observed concentration dependence was consistent with the predictions of the model. PMID- 7241367 TI - Mass transport properties of co(polyether)polyurethane membranes I: Preparation and characterization. AB - A series of polyurethane copolymers containing polyethylene glycol 600, 1000, or 1540 was synthesized, purified by reprecipitation, and cast into clear, tough, flexible membranes using the solution method. The weight average molecular weight of each polymer was estimated by gel permeation chromatography. The ability of the various polymers to absorb water was measured and increased with the increasing molecular weight of the polyethylene-glycol. The ability of the copolymer membranes to hold a pH gradient decreased with increasing polyethylene glycol molecular weight. PMID- 7241366 TI - Synthesis and antibacterial and antifungal activities of alkyl and polyhalophenyl esters of benzo[b]thiophene-3-carbamic acid. PMID- 7241368 TI - Mass fragmentographic determination of timolol in human plasma and urine. AB - A mass fragmentographic procedure was developed for measuring quantities of less than 1.0 ng of timolol/ml of plasma or urine. The lower limit of sensitivity was 0.5 ng of timolol maleate/ml of plasma. The unchanged drug was extracted into heptane--4% isopentyl alcohol from alkalinized plasma or urine, together with propranolol hydrochloride as the internal standard. The compounds were subsequently back-extracted into 0.1 N HCl and then into chloroform following adjustment of the acidic phase to an alkaline pH. The chloroform layer was evaporated to dryness, and the compounds were derivatized with N-methyl-N trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide-acetonitrile to form the trimethylsilyl derivatives; these derivatives were quantitated by mass fragmentography. Recovery of timolol added to normal plasma and urine was quantitative and reproducible, and no interfering substances were observed in normal biological samples. After a 20-mg oral dose of timolol maleate, plasma levels of approximately 3.0 ng/ml were observed at 12 hr. PMID- 7241369 TI - Synthesis of [4-14C]theophylline. PMID- 7241370 TI - Kinetics of pharmacological effects on constant-rate intravenous infusion. PMID- 7241371 TI - Plasma theobromine after oral administration of caffeine to dogs. PMID- 7241372 TI - Effects of methaqualone on punished and nonpunished behavior. AB - Effects of methaqualone were studied on the key pecking of pigeons maintained under various schedules of food presentation. One group of pigeons responded under a multiple fixed-ratio, fixed-interval schedule. Methaqualone (3.0--10.0 mg/kg) decreased the relatively low rates of responding under the fixed-interval schedule but left unchanged the higher rates under the fixed-ratio schedule. Higher doses of methaqualone decreased responding under both schedules. Another group of pigeons responded under a fixed-interval schedule in which responding was suppressed (punished) by electric shock presented according to a fixed-ratio schedule. Suitable doses of methaqualone increased punished responding. A 2-fold change in shock intensity produced little change in rates and patterns of responding, yet methaqualone produced much greater increases in responding punished by the lower intensity shock. Regardless of whether or not responding was punished, the effects of methaqualone on fixed-interval performance depended on the rate of responding in the absence of drug; low rates of responding in the early periods of the fixed-interval were increased by doses that increased less or decreased the higher response rates in the later periods. These rate-dependent effects of methaqualone were modulated by the shock intensity; the rate increasing effects obtained at the lower intensity shock were uniformly greater than those obtained at the higher intensity. The behavioral effects of methaqualone were generally qualitatively similar to effects reported for many sedative hypnotics. PMID- 7241373 TI - Furosemide disposition in normal and proteinuric rats: urinary drug-protein binding as a determinant of drug excretion. AB - We have demonstrated recently that the binding of furosemide (FSM) to urinary proteins causes a decrease in the diuretic response that is proportional to the degree of proteinuria. Further studies were conducted to determine whether urinary drug-protein interactions also altered the renal excretion of FSM. Rats were treated with puromycin aminonucleoside to produce proteinuria. Renal FSM clearance was directly related to urinary protein excretion rate (r = 0.550, P less than .005), a relationship that was more striking when FSM clearance was normalized to glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.781, P less than .001). This relationship was not explained by changes in serum protein concentration or glomerular filtration rate. In order to understand the mechanism of this relationship, normal and nephrotic rats were studied during experimental conditions designed to alter urinary pH. In normal animals urinary acidification induced by HCl infusion produced a profound decrease in renal FSM clearance compared to animals with the more alkaline urine that followed NaHCO2 or acetazolamide pretreatment. This alteration in renal FSM clearance during urinary acidification was not observed in nephrotic animals, despite comparable changes in urinary pH. The diuretic response to FSM did not differ among the normal animals despite the alteration in renal FSM clearance, indicating that the reduction of renal FSM clearance was due to tubular reabsorption of FSM distal to its site of action. These data suggest that urinary drug protein binding may impair the tubular reabsorption of drugs and thereby enhance their renal clearance. PMID- 7241374 TI - Role of sympathetic nerve activity in antinatriuresis after diazoxide and sodium nitroprusside infusion. PMID- 7241375 TI - Mechanism for the oxidative defluorination of flunisolide. AB - Flunisolide (6 alpha-fluoro-11 beta, 16 alpha, 17 alpha, 21-tetrahydroxypregna 1,4-diene-3,20-dione-16,17-acetonide) was converted to 6 beta,- 11 beta, 16 alpha, 21-pentahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione-16,17-acetonide (6 beta-OH metabolite) by mouse liver microsomes, but no activity was observed with mouse lung, intestine or kidney microsomes. Two additional metabolites of flunisolide also formed by mouse hepatic microsomes were identified by mass spectral analysis to be 11 beta, 16 alpha, 17 alpha,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,6,20-trione 16,17-acetonide (6-keto metabolite) and delta 6-flunisolide. The formation of all three metabolites required NADPH, was inhibited by carbon monoxide and was stimulated by pretreating mice with phenobarbital. A time-couse study suggested the 6-keto metabolite was an intermediate in the formation of the 6 beta-OH metabolite. When added to microsomes, the 6-keto metabolite was converted to the 6 beta-OH metabolite by a carbon monoxide-insensitive enzyme. Our results suggest the conversion of flunisolide to the 6 beta-OH metabolite is catalyzed by a multi enzyme pathway via a stable intermediate, the 6-keto metabolite. The initial reaction which leads to the formation of the 6-keto metabolite is catalyzed by a cytochrome P-450-mediated microsomal monoxygenase(s), but the reduction of the 6 keto metabolite to the 6 beta-OH metabolite is cytochrome P-450-independent. PMID- 7241376 TI - Acetaminophen nephrotoxicity: studies on renal acetylation and deacetylation. AB - Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol; APAP) inhibits both the acetylation and uptake of p-aminohippurate (PAH) by slices of mouse kidney cortex; p-aminophenol (PAP) is more potent than APAP in inhibiting the acetylation of PAH, but has no effect on uptake of PAH. Since PAP itself is acetylated by the kidney, the action of PAP on the acetylation of PAH might be competitive. However, from kinetic analysis the inhibition is principally noncompetitive in nature. In studies on deacetylation, PAP was generated from APAP both in slices and homogenates of kidneys; acetylated PAH was relatively stable. PAP is a known nephrotoxin but has not been identified previously as a metabolite of APAP. The data indicate that the kidney has the capacity to generate a potent nephrotoxin, PAP, from a relatively benign precursor, APAP. This potentiality should be considered in further studies on the pathogenesis of analgesic nephropathy. PMID- 7241377 TI - Effect of repeated oral administration on taurocholate on hepatic excretory function in the rat. AB - The effect of repeated administration of taurocholate on bile acid pool size, biliary composition and biliary excretory capacity for bile acids and two xenobiotics was determined. The bile acid pool was increased 50 to 60% by oral administration of sodium taurocholate (300--900 mg/kg, 10 ml/kg) every 12 hr for 2 days to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Bile flow, biliary excretion of bile acids, cholesterol and phospholipid and the concentrations of phospholipid and bile acids in bile were increased in rats treated with 750 mg of taurocholate per kg. No effect was observed on Na+,K+ or Cl- levels. The biliary transport maximum for taurocholate was increased by 30% in rats treated with 750 mg/kg. In contrast, the plasma disappearance and biliary excretion of phenol-3,6-dibromphthalein and ouabain were not affected by taurocholate administration. PMID- 7241378 TI - Stereoselective metabolism of mephenytoin in man. PMID- 7241381 TI - Effect of water deprivation and rehydration on gentamicin disposition in the rat. AB - To study the effect of dehydration on gentamicin (G) kinetics, a group of rats was deprived of water for 4 days and then received a single i.v. dose of 3 mg/kg of G. Compared to control rats, the plasma and tissue concentration of G in dehydrated rats were increased and the elimination rate of the drug decreased. Higher G concentrations were found in plasma, spleen, renal cortex and medulla. These changes in G disposition consisted in a decrease of 33 and 22% of the apparent volume of distribution of the peripheral and central compartments, respectively, and, furthermore, in a decrease of 40% in the G apparent total body clearance. Another group of rats, after a similar period of water deprivation and i.v. administration of 3 mg/kg of G, were rehydrated with water or received a solution of NaCl and dextrose followed by water during 24 hr. In plasma and most tissues, rehydration did accelerate G washout without clear differences between the two modes of rehydration. It is concluded that a dehydration state will increase plasma and tissue G accumulation and might increase the risk of renal or ototoxicity. Rehydration will partially prevent and reverse G concentration. In a clinical setting, this event could very well occur. G tissue concentration cannot be predicted by changes in G plasma elimination half-life. The calculation of total body clearance and volume of distribution are necessary to predict the occurrence and estimate the extent of this tissue concentration. PMID- 7241379 TI - Effects of apparently nontoxic doses of digoxin on ventricular ectopy after direct-current electrical shocks in dogs. AB - To determine whether nontoxic doses of digoxin increase the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias after d.c. cardioversion, studies were made of the effects of different doses of digoxin on the incidence and severity of ventricular arrhythmias after graded, external d.c. shocks in 14 closed-chest dogs. Electrocardiograms were recorded continuously for 20 min before and 10 min immediately after sequential QRS-synchronized shocks of 10, 100 and 150 joules. Ventricular premature beats were counted and their severity was graded. Digoxin (0.01--0.05 mg/kg) was then given i.v. to 12 dogs. Despite a wide range of serum digoxin concentrations (1.3--12.5 ng/ml), electrocardiographic signs of digitalis toxicity did not develop in any of these animals. The same sequence of d.c. shocks was repeated after 2 hr in nine dogs and after more than 24 hr in three dogs. Neither the total number of ventricular ectopic beats nor the arrhythmia grade postshock differed significantly before and after digoxin. Furthermore, more dogs developed ventricular ectopy at each energy level after control shocks than following shocks after digoxin administration. Two additional dogs were given repeated digoxin doses until electrocardiographic evidence of digitalis toxicity was apparent. Both developed sustained ventricular tachycardia after electrical shocks at all energy levels. Whereas overt digitalis toxicity predisposes to serious ventricular arrhythmias after d.c. shocks, we conclude that the risk of postshock ventricular ectopy is not increased by pretreatment with apparently nontoxic digoxin doses. PMID- 7241380 TI - Acute alcohol intake and pituitary gonadal hormones in normal human females. AB - Plasma prolactin, luteinizing hormone and estradiol levels were determined in six normal adult females before and during a period of acute alcohol intoxication. Plasma hormone levels found in these studies were compared with values obtained after administration of an isocaloric beverage. Each woman served as her own control for both studies which were carried out on the same day of the menstrual cycle (day 8, 9 or 10) over two consecutive menstrual cycles. Integrated plasma samples were obtained every 20 min for 6 consecutive hr before acute alcohol administration and during the ascending, peak and descending portions of the blood alcohol curve. After acute alcohol administration, all women achieved a moderate degree of intoxication, with mean peak blood alcohol levels of 88 mg/100 ml. No significant differences in levels of luteinizing hormone and estradiol were detected during any phase of the blood alcohol curve when compared to prealcohol administration values. No significant differences were found between luteinizing hormone and estradiol after alcohol administration when compared with values obtained after isocaloric beverage. The only significant difference in hormone levels was a small elevation in prolactin during the descending phase of the blood alcohol curve when nausea and vomiting coincident with alcohol-induced intoxication occurred. These data contrast sharply with the significant effects of acute alcohol intake on pituitary gonadal hormones in normal human males. PMID- 7241383 TI - Concanavalin-A binding to acetylcholine receptors: identification of two forms of receptor in denervated rat muscle. AB - The interaction of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from denervated rat muscle (AChR, solubilized in Triton X-100) and Concanavalin-A (Con-A) was studied by soluble Con-A competing with the binding of AChR to agarose immobilized Con-A, by immuno-precipitation of Con-A-AChR complexes and by inhibition of alpha bungarotoxin binding to AChR. Results showed that Con-A bound to 85% of all AChR molecules at multiple cooperative binding sites. Con-A caused a partial inhibition of toxin binding to a maximum of 41% of receptors, but only when AChR was first incubated with Con-A before toxin labeling and not when the order was reversed. The blockade of toxin labeling was reversed when the Con-A-AChR complexes were treated with mannose (0.75 M). Receptor-Con-A complexes in which toxin binding was not inhibited showed saturation binding of toxin with a decreased apparent affinity. A sub-population of AChR prepared by affinity purification on Lens Culinaris lectin-agarose columns was 100% inhibited from toxin binding when preincubated with Con-A. We conclude that receptors from denervated rat muscle which bind Con-A (85% of the total AChR) contain two major subpopulations of AChR in the approximate proportions 6:4 that can be distinguished by interactions with lectins having specificity for mannose. PMID- 7241382 TI - The regional distribution of amphetamine in rat brain is altered by dosage and by prior exposure to the drug. AB - Rats were sacrificed 30 min after an i.p. injection of tritium-labeled d amphetamine and the regional distribution of radioactivity was determined in 22 discreet brain regions. Amphetamine accumulation was greatest in rostral brain areas such as cortex ad forebrain and least in brainstem and white matter. Sensory regions (occipital cortex and thalamus) retained more label than did nonsensory regions (entorhinal cortex and hypothalamus). The regional distribution of d-amphetamine in drug naive animals was altered by variations in carrier dosage with heightened drug accumulation in occipital cortex and thalamus at a 1.5 mg/kg carrier dose and enhanced accumulation in the hippocampus and amygdala with a 5.0 mg/kg carrier dose. Increased amphetamine retention by dopamine-rich regions, such as the caudate, was observed in rats to which 28 daily injections of the drug had been administered previously. Thus, the regional distribution of d-amphetamine in rat brain is altered by variations in carrier dosage and previous drug experience. PMID- 7241384 TI - Fixed-ratio responding under second-order schedules of food presentation or cocaine injection. AB - Squirrel monkeys pressed a key under second-order schedules in which every nth response resulted in a 2-sec visual stimulus (n-response fixed ratio; n = 10, 20 or 30); after a minimum fixed-interval of time elapsed (second-order t-min fixed interval; t = 5 or 60), the completion of a fixed-ratio resulted in both the brief stimulus and either presentation of food or i.v. injection of cocaine. Under a second-order 5-min fixed-interval schedule with 15 intervals per session, rates of responding increased to a maximum and then decreased with increases in the amount of food (from 250 to 4000 mg/presentation) or cocaine (from 25 to 400 micrograms/kg/injection). Cocaine injections maintained higher maximal rates of responding than food presentation. When the brief stimuli were omitted during the 5-min intervals, average rates of responding maintained by cocaine decreased, but those maintained by food presentation did not. The presession administration of cocaine (0.3-1.0 mg/kg i.m.) increased rates of responding maintained by food to about the same level as those maintained by cocaine; these elevated rates did not decrease when the brief stimuli were omitted. Under a second-order 60-min fixed interval with one interval per session, both food and cocaine maintained relatively high rates of responding even with large amounts of food (7.5-14 g/presentation) or cocaine (375-1500 micrograms/kg/injection). When the brief stimuli were omitted during the 60-min interval, rates of responding maintained by either food or cocaine decreased. Thus, the brief-stimulus presentations were essential for maintaining performance under the second-order 60-min fixed interval schedule. PMID- 7241385 TI - Sympathetic noradrenergic innervation of guinea-pig liver: histofluorescence and pharmacological studies. AB - Norepinephrine concentration was higher in guinea-pig liver than in rat or mouse liver and evidence was obtained that the norepinephrine was present within nerves. In guinea pigs, norepinephrine in liver was depleted by reserpine, 6 hydroxydopamine and metaraminol. The depletion by 6-hydroxydopamine and metaraminol was antagonized by prior treatment with desipramine, an inhibitor of uptake into norepinephrine neurons. Guinea-pig liver concentrated metaraminol to a greater extent than did rat liver; the concentration of metaraminol was lowered by desipramine pretreatment and, within three tissues of the guinea pig (heart greater than liver greater than muscle), paralleled the concentration of endogenous norepinephrine. These findings constitute pharmacological evidence for noradrenergic innervation of guinea-pig liver to a greater extent than in other species. Histofluorescence studies confirmed the existence of norepinephrine containing nerve terminals in guinea-pig liver. Norepinephrine-containing varicosities were seen adjacent to the hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct in the portal spaces and adjacent to sinusoid capillaries and hepatocytes in the liver parenchyma. These findings strengthen the evidence for sympathetic innervation of liver and suggest the guinea pig as a useful species in exploring physiological roles of noradrenergic innervation of liver. PMID- 7241386 TI - Antiarrhythmic effect of manganese chloride in infarcted dogs with observations on the dose-related response of heart rate and ventricular pressure. PMID- 7241387 TI - Diphenylhydantoin enhances early adaptation in Aplysia giant neurons. AB - Diphenylhydantoin effect on excitability in the molluscan giant neuron was investigated. This model of neuronal excitability was convenient for investigating drug mechanisms because the giant somata of these neurons have multiple current systems and can be voltage clamped. Current and voltage clamp methods were used to quantitate firing frequency and the slow membrane currents associated with changes in firing rate. Diphenylhydantoin enhanced the early rapid deceleration of firing of the cell in response to depolarizing current and blocked an early show inward current. PMID- 7241388 TI - Investigations into the mechanism of the phosphaturia induced by chlorothiazide. PMID- 7241389 TI - Effects of N-substituted analogs and metabolites of phencyclidine on avoidance behavior in the rat. PMID- 7241390 TI - Steroid D-ring glucuronides: characterization of a new class of cholestatic agents in the rat. AB - Estriol-17 beta(beta-D-glucuronide) (E317G), estriol-16 alpha(beta-D-glucuronide) (E316G) and testosterone-17 beta(beta-D-glucuronide) (TG) produced an immediate, reversible and dose-dependent inhibition of bile flow after their i.v. administration in the rat. Within 15 to 30 min of their administration, bile flow was inhibited by 50% at doses of 13.2, 20.0 and 31.6 mumol/kg of E317G, TG and E316G, respectively. A plot of the logarithm of the dose of each agent vs. the maximal percentage of inhibition of bile flow yielded straight lines which were parallel. E317G, TG and E316G were 0.68, 0.40 and 0.29 times as potent, respectively, as estradiol-17 beta(beta-D-glucuronide), a previously identified cholestatic steroid glucuronide. Maximal inhibition of bile acid secretory rate was similar to that of bile flow for all three agents. Calculation of the bile acid vs. bile flow regression lines indicated substantial inhibition of bile acid independent flow by E317G and TG but only slight inhibition by E316G. In contrast, estriol-3(beta-D-glucuronide) at doses of 11 and 33 mumol/kg increased bile flow. After an i.v. dose (44 mumol/kg) of [3H]E316G, 53% of the dose was recovered in the bile in 3 hr. Unchanged [3H]E316G and a minor metabolite tentatively identified as [3H]estriol-3-sulfate-16 alpha(beta-D-glucuronide) were the predominant compounds recovered in the bile. These data present evidence for a new class of cholestatic compounds, the steroid D-ring glucuronides, and suggest a means by which endogenous or exogenous steroids may produce hepatobiliary dysfunction. PMID- 7241391 TI - Tests of efficacy of antidotes for removal of methylmercury in human poisoning during the Iraq outbreak. AB - Three complexing agents and a thiolated resin were tested for their ability to reduce the T 1/2 of methylmercury in blood during an outbreak of human poisoning. The slope of the line relating the natural logarithm of the blood concentration to time during treatment was calculated by a parametric (linear regression) and a nonparametric (two-point) method. The mean slope for each treatment group was calculated and the T 1/2 was calculated from the mean slope. Both the linear regression and two-point methods yield similar mean values. The "two-point" T 1/2 will be quoted here. The mean T 1/2 in six patients receiving no specific treatment was 65 days and in 10 patients receiving placebo was 61 days, and these values did not differ from those reported in the literature. All four treatments significantly reduced the mean T 1/2 values below the mean for the combined placebo and no treatment groups. Sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate was the most effective agent, reducing the mean T 1/2 in 10 patients to 10 days. The thiolated resin given to eight patients produced a mean T 1/2 of 20 days. The penicillamines also produced a significant reduction in T 1/2 values; the mean T 1/2 for D-penicillamine in 12 patients was 26 days and N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine in 17 patients yielded a mean T 1/2 of 24 days. This is the first report of the effects of sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate and resin in human subjects exposed to methylmercury. No adverse effects were observed in any of the treatment groups. A clinical trial was not possible but it is concluded that agents that reduce blood levels and accelerate excretion are probably clinically useful if given before irreversible damage has occurred. PMID- 7241392 TI - [Incorporation of heptadecanoic acid into liver lipids of Wistar rats (author's transl)]. AB - During perfusions of isolated livers of Wistar rats with heptadecanoic acid, this fatty acid is taken up and rapidly incorporated into cholesterol esters and triacylglycerols which increase in amounts with the duration of the experiment. 2 Large amounts of triheptadocanoylglycerol appear; heterogeneous triacylglycerols (mono- and diunsaturated) with 1 or 2 molecules of heptadecanoic acid) are synthesized. 3 The triacylglycerols with 17 : 0 fatty acid secreted in circulating medium are of the same nature and appear with the same chronology as those previously synthetized by the liver. PMID- 7241394 TI - Study of the validity of the collision test. Application to the bulbo-spinal respiratory neurons. PMID- 7241393 TI - [Vagus nerves and pulmonary artery pressure in the conscious and anesthetized cats using different levels of oxygenation (author's transl)]. AB - Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP systolic and diastolic) and heart rate (HR) have been recorded in conscious or anesthetized cats. Experiments have been carried out before and after bilateral vagotomy or section of vagal afferents at the level of the nodose ganglion. Animals were exposed to different levels of oxygenation using FIO2 from 0.11 to 1.00. The results show that: 1 Anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital did not affect PAP for a given level of FIO2 : changes in PAP caused by modifications of FIO2 were not affected by anesthesia. Heart rate was independent of FIO2, but remained always higher in the anesthetized animals (Fig. 4). 2 In anesthetized animals, pulmonary de-afferentation or vagotomy affected neither PAP, nor its variations with FIO2 nor HR (Fig. 5). 3 In conscious animals, PAP and its variations with FIO2 were not affected by vagotomy (Fig. 6 and 7) or pulmonary de-afferentation (Fig. 8). On the other hand, heart rate was always decreased after either vagotomy or pulmonary deafferentation. It is concluded that (1) PAP and its control by FIO2 are independent of the vagal innervation; (2) the pulmonary edema observed after vagotomy cannot be caused by an increase in lung vascular pressure; (3) anesthesia, on the one hand, and pulmonary afferents, on the other hand, can play a role in the control of the cardiovascular activity. PMID- 7241396 TI - Comparison between cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine intestinal absorption from native bile labelled with [1-2 3H] cholesterol and [1-14C] palmitic acid in the rat. PMID- 7241395 TI - Effects of chronic treatments upon the brown adipose tissue of rats. II. Comparison between the effects of catecholamine injections and cold adaptation. AB - The role of noradrenaline in the trophic response of brown adipose tissue (BAT) to chronic and cold exposure was studied in young adult rats treated chronically with catecholamines. 2 In young rats, it was difficult to induce a BAT development with this type of treatment. After injection of a beta-agonist (isopropylnoradrenaline) directly upon BAT, a slight hypertrophy of the tissue was observed accompanied by a decrease of its relative protein content. 3 In adult rats, catecholamines were able to induce a growth of BAT and increases of the DNA and protein contents which were as great as in the BAT of cold-exposed rats. 4 Catecholamine treatments did not reproduce the effects of cold exposure on the phospholipids of BAT in either young or adult rats. 5 In the BAT of rats receiving chronically thyroxine and catecholamines, no synergy was observed. Moreover, a chronic treatment by thyroxine induced a slight increase of the DNA content of BAT in rats bred at room temperature, but prevented the marked DNA increase observed in cold-exposed animals. PMID- 7241397 TI - Influence of dexamethasone on peripheral metabolic parameters of cortisol in the adult male conscious guinea-pig. AB - The influence of dexamethasone on distribution, metabolism and protein binding of cortisol was studied in conscious adult male guinea-pigs, under chronic cannulation, by a single injection technique for cortisol metabolic parameters and Sephadex equilibrium dialysis procedure for protein binding. The results showed that biological half-life of cortisol (51-55 min) was identical in control and in dexamethasone-treated guinea-pigs (low plasma cortisol level). The apparent volume of distribution of cortisol, which was higher in control (550 +/- 20 ml) than in dexamethasone-treated animals (380 +/- 30 ml), was related to the higher plasma cortisol level in controls (0.96 +/- 0.07 mumole/l) as compared to dexamethasone-treated animals (0.12 +/- 0.02 mole/l). When a high cortisol concentration was infused in dexamethasone-treated guinea-pigs in order to produce hig plasma cortisol level, plasma cortisol MCR increased by 80% (P less than 0.001) reflecting increases of 50% (P less than 0.001) in the apparent volume of distribution and decreases of 19% (0.01 less than P less 0.02) in the half-life cortisol compared to dexamethasone-treated animals (low plasma cortisol level). Although the plasma cortisol level was higher (P less than 0.001) in dexamethasone-treated animals infused with non-labelled cortisol (2.9 +/- 0.02 mumol/l) than in controls (0.96 +/- 0.07 mumol/l), the identical values of the apparent volume of distribution in dexamethasone-treated animals infused with non labelled cortisol and in controls suggested that dexamethasone could alter the distribution of cortisol, and therefore its metabolism. Dexamethasone did not modify the transcortin-binding capacity and did not complete with cortisol on transcortin sites in guinea-pig plasma. PMID- 7241398 TI - Effect of fasting on liver and muscle glycogen in rats and guinea pigs. AB - The effect of a 48 hr fasting period on liver and muscle glycogen was studied in rats and guinea pigs. Total content of glycogen in the liver was similar in both species of fed animals and was totally exhausted after the fasting period. Muscle glycogen was twice as high in fed guinea pigs as in fed rats. The loss during fasting in guinea pigs was also twice that in rats. The differences in glycogen stores may explain the different metabolic response to fasting previously observed in the two species : hypoglycemia and decreased glucose production in fasted rats and constancy of these parameters in fasted guinea pigs. PMID- 7241399 TI - [Simultaneous use of carbohydrates and amino acids during total ischemia in the isolated rat heart (author's transl)]. AB - The simultaneous utilization of carbohydrates and amino acids in the metabolic response to oxygen deprivation was studied i the isolated rat heart initially perfused according to Langendorff and submitted to periods of 2, 5, 10 and 15 min of complete ischemia. The results of the measurement of metabolite contents showed : (1) an immediate decrease of glycogen, pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate and aspartate; (2) a delayed decrease of citrate and glutamate; (3) an immediate and continuous increase of lactate and succinate; (4) a delayed increase of alanine; (5) a transient increase of malate + fumarate. The end products of anaerobic metabolism are lactate, which is an index of glycolytic activity, and alanine and succinate, which are indexes of amino acid fermentation. Succinate originates from aspartate, and alanine originates from glutamate. The amino acid pathway does not seem of importance in the production of ATP compared to glycolysis. However, its eventual role and the physiological implication of these reactions in the resistance of strict aerobic organisms to oxygen deprivation are discussed. PMID- 7241400 TI - [Phosphorylation of D-and L-amino-acids by the ileal mucosa in relation with calcium absorption (author's transl)]. AB - L-amino-acids and D-amino-acids were compared firstly for their effects on calcium absorption in ileal loops, and secondly for their ability to be phosphorylated with an ileal mucosa extract. Some molecules, such as D- and L lysine, D and L-ornithine which are highly effective in enhancing calcium absorption, were also phosphorylable. In contrast, other molecules, such as, D- and L-norleucine, D- and L-valine, are ineffective and are also not phosphorylable. Transphosphorylation rate from ATP of both D- and L-lysine was found to be pH dependent, with a maximum at pH 8.5; at pH 10, no phosphorylation was observed. Among various nucleotides tested (ATP, CTP, GTP, ITP, UTP) which act as phosphate donors, only ATP was able to induce formation of the phosphorylated compounds with D- and L-lysine at pH 8.5. PMID- 7241401 TI - [Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the energetic state and of the intracellular pH of the isolated rat heart in the course of ischemia (author's transl)]. AB - Continuous measurements of high energy phosphate compounds and intracellular pH in perfused, beating rat hearts, were performed by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Hearts were placed in a 15 mm NMR tube and perfused at 28 degrees C by conventional methods with a phosphate-free solution. Phosphorus NMR spectra were recorded at 101,3 MHz in a Brucker WP 250 spectrometer. Global mild ischemia was achieved by reducing the coronary flow to 1/10 of its initial value. Changes in creatine phosphate (CP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels and intracellular pH (pHi) were monitored in the course of a 50 min ischemia and during the post ischemic phase. When the breakdown of CP was less than 30%, the decrease in pHi was about 0.1-0.2 pH unit; for a greater CP decrease, the fall in pHi was about 1 pH unit. PMID- 7241402 TI - Plasma sodium, potassium and aldosterone levels in newborn calves. AB - 1 Plasma sodium, potassium and aldosterone levels were measured in 11 calves during the first postnatal week. 2 Plasma sodium and potassium levels showed no significant variation between birth and the seventh day of postnatal life. 3 A sharp decrease in plasma aldosterone levels was observed between birth (119 +/- 7 pg/ml) and 12 hrs (25 +/- 8 pg/ml). The lowest values (13 +/- 5 pg/ml, similar to those measured in adult cows) were measured on day 7. PMID- 7241403 TI - Self-recognition ability in mentally retarded adolescents. AB - Self-recognition abilities of 30 mentally retarded adolescents were measured using an optical system and a psychophysical scaling procedure that results in a recognition threshold. Compared with college freshmen, the experimental group had significantly higher thresholds (p = .00003). Males were better than females at recognizing full-face self-images (p = .0238). Results were discussed in terms of the retarded adolescents' greater dependency on specific visual cues. The method is discussed as an advance over previous self-recognition methods because of accuracy and the capability of measuring a range of self-recognition abilities. PMID- 7241404 TI - Attitudinal comparison of mental health and non-mental health professionals toward ex-mental patients. AB - Attitudes held by mental health professionals toward ex-mental patients were compared to those held by mental health students and non-mental health professionals on five dimensions. A 3 X 5 unweighted mean analysis of covariance with repeated measures revealed that Ss collectively held a negative attitude toward the ex-mental patient and significant group, dimension, and interaction effects. While the non-mental health professionals showed the most negative attitude, perceiving the ex-mental patient as quite dangerous and very undesirable, both mental health groups also evidenced negative views. Mental health students viewed ex-mental patients as acceptable and worthy but somewhat unpredictable, incomprehensible and ineffectual; professionals considered them to be understandable yet somewhat unpredictable and worthless but, more importantly, as very ineffectual and undesirable. PMID- 7241405 TI - Initiation, motivation, and cessation of phencyclidine use. AB - An interview study was conducted on 200 phencyclidine (PCP) users in Northern California. The study population, generated through snowball sampling techniques, was constituted primarily of persons not in treatment programs and included three types of users: heavy chronic, light chronic, and recreational. Differences were found between the motivations and patterns of drug use of the three different user types. Contrary to prior studies, it was found that cessation of PCP use was difficult. Most subjects wanted to stop or cut back their use of PCP but were unable to do so. Many heavy chronic users stated they had a craving for PCP. PMID- 7241406 TI - Outpatients' attributions of the causes of their psychological problems. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether mental health outpatients' attributions of the causes of their psychological problems are associated with their treatment expectations. Results indicated that higher ratings for internal causation of problems were associated with longer perceived duration of problems, higher ratings of problem severity, and a greater number of appointments predicted as being necessary to provide the help needed. External attribution ratings were not significantly associated with ratings of problem duration or predicted number of appointments. Higher external attribution ratings were associated with higher ratings of perceived severity, a finding opposite that of previous research. The value of independently considering internal and external attributions of the causes of psychological problems are discussed. PMID- 7241407 TI - Intelligibility and comprehension of time compressed sign language narratives. AB - A method of time compressing visual displays was devised to assess the effects of compression on the comprehension of American sign language (ASL). Two ASL narratives were visually presented to three groups of deaf ASL users. A compression group was presented narratives compressed to 50% of the duration of the normal rates. A no-compression group was presented narratives signed at normal rates. A pause groups was presented compressed narratives with blank pauses inserted so that the total time per narrative was equal to that of the no compression versions. Following each narrative, subjects completed a written comprehension task. Comprehension in both compression and pause groups was significantly lower than in the no-compression group. Pauses did not significantly affect scores relative to compression. An additional group of deaf ASL users was presented an intelligibility task in which signs taken from the narratives were presented in isolation either with or without compression. The total number of signs correctly identified was significantly lower with compression. Decrements in comprehension were best explained as the result of cumulative decrements in sign intelligibility and not as the result of decrements in available processing time. PMID- 7241408 TI - Spontaneous migration of normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophils under agarose: enhancement by media of lowered pH or osmolality. PMID- 7241409 TI - Tumor-cytotoxic activity of resident rat macrophages. PMID- 7241411 TI - Employer's attitudes toward hiring epileptics. PMID- 7241412 TI - Assessment practices with the visually impaired. PMID- 7241410 TI - Enhancement of reticuloendothelial activity by low-dose heparin during intravascular coagulation. PMID- 7241413 TI - Holistic approach to rehabilitation. PMID- 7241414 TI - COPD: a new frontier for rehabilitation in the 80s. PMID- 7241415 TI - Training independent living rehabilitation specialists. PMID- 7241416 TI - Knowledge transfer: how the united states benefits from an international exchange of experts in rehabilitation. PMID- 7241417 TI - NEXUS: a community-based treatment concept for people with long-term psychiatric disabilities. PMID- 7241418 TI - How rehabilitation can better serve deaf clients: the problems and some solutions. PMID- 7241420 TI - Application of recent pharmacological research to the clinical practice of anaesthesia. PMID- 7241421 TI - Patient participation groups. PMID- 7241419 TI - Vocational outcome in patients with spinal cord injury. PMID- 7241422 TI - High resolution computerized tomography of the petrous bone. PMID- 7241423 TI - Long-term ingestion of paracetamol and liver disease. AB - Of 45 patients with chronic active hepatitis, 17 had taken paracetamol before the onset of symptoms. There were no significant differences, however, between the two groups in abnormalities of liver function tests, nor in ease of control after paracetamol withdrawal and institution of immunosuppressive therapy. The patient who had taken more than 5 g/week was studied in greater detail, but after a challenge dose of 1 g paracetamol there was no rise in serum aminotransferases and the pattern of excretion of paracetamol metabolites was normal. A critical review of the previously published reports failed to uncover any convincing evidence that paracetamol is an initiating factor in the development of chronic active hepatitis, although it may, at therapeutic levels, cause a toxic hepatitis in those individuals at risk. PMID- 7241424 TI - Value of xenografts in the investigation of prostatic function: preliminary communication. AB - Two of 33 prostatic tumour xenografts were established and passaged. Testosterone supplementation did not improve tumour take rates. The histological grade of the parent tumour was the principal factor affecting xenograft survival. Preliminary studies on established tumour xenografts suggest that their value lies in the study of tumour biology, and that they have no direct therapeutic application at present. PMID- 7241425 TI - Home-monitoring of peak expiratory flow rate using mini-Wright peak flow meter in diagnosis of asthma. AB - Home-monitoring of peak expiratory flow rate using the mini-Wright peak flow meter is a useful technique for determining whether or not unexplained respiratory symptoms are caused by asthma. It is of particular value when airflow obstruction cannot be demonstrated at the time of consultation. PMID- 7241426 TI - Comparison of the effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate on various end-organs. AB - Atropine and glycopyrrolate (glycopyrronium bromide), a quaternary ammonium drug, were evaluated in volunteers following intramuscular administration with respect to effects on various end-organs with cholinergic innervation. Glycopyrrolate appears to be five to six times more potent than atropine in its antisialogogue effect and also exhibits a selective, though prolonged, effect on salivary secretion and sweat gland activity. It has minimal cardiovascular, ocular and central nervous system effects. PMID- 7241428 TI - Surgical approaches to temporal and pterygoid regions: a review. PMID- 7241429 TI - Cutaneous involvement by sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. PMID- 7241427 TI - Postoperative urinary tract infections in urology and gynaecology: a review. PMID- 7241430 TI - Hypokalaemic thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. PMID- 7241431 TI - Oral leukoplakia.. PMID- 7241432 TI - Psychiatric research. PMID- 7241433 TI - Inhalation therapy. PMID- 7241434 TI - Serious infections in obstetric and neonatal practice. PMID- 7241435 TI - Simple instructions for using pressurized aerosol bronchodilators. AB - Although the manufacturers of pressurized aerosol bonchodilators issue instructions for using the inhalers, little or no experimental verification exists. Bronchodilatation has been measured after controlled inhalations of 500 MUg terbutaline sulphate given in a systematic series of investigations to 8 patients with reversible airways obstruction at 2 different inhalation flow rates (25 1/min and 80 1/min), 3 different lung volumes (20%, 50% and 80% vital capacity) and followed by 2 different breath-holding pauses (4 and 10 seconds). The results indicate that patients may release the aerosol at any time during the course of a slow deep inhalation which should be followed by 10 seconds of breath holding. This will ensure an optimal bronchodilator response. PMID- 7241436 TI - Photostress recovery times in cases of central serous retinopathy. AB - Photostress recovery times were measured in 50 normal individuals in the age group 20-50 years and in 27 patients who had developed central serous retinopathy. A flash generator of a commercially available fundus camera was used to provide the appropriate stimulus. The results showed that photostress recovery times were grossly abnormal in patients with central serous retinopathy for the first few weeks after the onset of symptoms, but gradually returned to normal values by 5 months and remained so thereafter. In a few patients during the recovery phase a transient paradoxical response was noted, whereby the photostress recovery times became less than in the unaffected control eye.It appears that the use of a fundus camera to provide photostress stimulus has merit because the light source is subject only to slight variation in intensity, standardization of responses is possible and the technique can be employed on patients about to have fluorescein angiographic studies for diagnostic or documentation purposes. PMID- 7241437 TI - Some aspects of rhinoplasty: a review. PMID- 7241438 TI - Hospice care and geriatric medicine. PMID- 7241440 TI - Tissue culture as an alternative. PMID- 7241439 TI - Prevention of wound infection by an antiseptic wound protector. PMID- 7241441 TI - Anaesthesia for bronchoscopy: examination of a standard technique. AB - An anaesthetic technique for bronchoscopy is described, based on increments of methohexitone given in strict relation to body weight and time, suxamethonium being used to produce relaxation. There was no awareness in the 75 patients studied, while the recovery was rapid and unrelated to the duration of bronchoscopy. The efficacy of small aliquots of lignocaine in reducing injection pain was the same whether given before, or mixed with, the initial methohexitone injection. Other sequelae relating to the anaesthetic technique were minimal. PMID- 7241442 TI - Plasma vasopressin response to hypertonic saline infusion to assess posterior pituitary function. AB - Hypertonic saline was infused into 11 volunteers to osmotically stimulate vasopressin secretion. A strong positive correlation between plasma arginine vasopressin (PAVP) and plasma osmolality (Pos) was obtained, defined by the function PAVP=0.63 (Pos-284), r=+0.80, P<0.001. The sensitivity of vasopressin secretion to osmotic stimulation was represented by the slope of the expression and the theoretical threshold of vasopressin release by the abscissal intercept. Plasma osmolality at the onset of thirst was 298.5+/-1.1 mmol/kg. Application of hypertonic saline infusion to 10 polyuric patients clearly separated those with normal osmoregulation of vasopressin secretion from those with cranial diabetes insipidus. PMID- 7241443 TI - Diagnostic ultrasound in ophthalmology. PMID- 7241444 TI - Computerized tomography in orbital lesions. PMID- 7241445 TI - CT scanning in diagnosis of orbital disease. PMID- 7241446 TI - Doctors and civil litigation. A solicitor's view. PMID- 7241447 TI - Doctors and civil litigation. A barrister's view. PMID- 7241448 TI - Complete recovery of cerebral function after 18 minutes of cardiac arrest. PMID- 7241450 TI - Metachronous carcinomas of the large and small bowel. PMID- 7241451 TI - The chronic psychiatric patient today. PMID- 7241453 TI - Problem with a Foley catheter. PMID- 7241452 TI - Fitness for work abroad. PMID- 7241454 TI - Recent advances in the epidemiological study of minor psychiatric disorders. PMID- 7241455 TI - The mast cell. PMID- 7241456 TI - Orthopaedic radiology: an expanding discipline. PMID- 7241457 TI - Blood lead concentrations in pre-school children in Birmingham. AB - A survey has been undertaken of the distribution of blood lead concentrations in pre-school children attending nursery schools or day centres in Birmingham. The majority of levels in excess of 1.65 MUmol/1 were found in children of Asian origin. It is thought likely that the high blood lead concentration seen in these children is related to nutritional rather than environmental factors. PMID- 7241449 TI - Actinobacillus lignieresii human infection. PMID- 7241458 TI - Royal Naval dockyards asbestosis research project: nine-year follow-up study of men exposed to asbestos in Devonport Dockyard. AB - Progression of asbestos-related disease was assessed in a group of 253 dockyard workers examined in 1966 and 1975. Despite the almost complete protection from exposure to asbestos since 1966, radiographic parenchymal abnormalities increased and occurred more frequently during the next 9 years in those men who had been more heavily exposed to asbestos. Lung function values were lower in those most heavily exposed and were declining at a faster rate than in those with less dust exposure. The most sensitive lung function index was the transfer factor.Those men with persistent crackles in 1966 exhibited a restrictive pattern of lung function, whereas an obstructive pattern was seen in men with wheezes in 1966. The men with irregular small opacities of category 1/1 or more or with diffuse pleural change in 1966 and who survived to 1975 had worse lung functions than any other groups.Progression of disease was greater for smokers than non-smokers, with those who gave up smoking between 1966 and 1975 suffering the greatest changes. This latter group showed most increase in small opacities and included almost all new cases of diffuse pleural changes. They also showed the greatest declines in forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity. PMID- 7241459 TI - Effects of phenoxybenzamine on bladder neck opening. AB - A study of the effects of the action of phenoxybenzamine on bladder neck opening during micturition is reported. Twenty patients with symptoms of prostatism but minimal prostatic enlargement were studied. Bladder neck opening was measured radiographically. Phenoxybenzamine was shown to increase bladder neck opening by an average of 30% and give symptomatic relief. Minimal side effects were noted. PMID- 7241461 TI - Clinical pharmacology and general patient care in two teaching hospitals. AB - The clinical responsibilities and activities over 12-month periods of the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology of two London teaching hospitals have been analysed. The results suggest that clinical pharmacology should not be regarded only as an academic specialty but that it has an important role in patient care. PMID- 7241460 TI - Pressure therapy for hypertrophic scarring: preliminary communication. AB - A six-point programme for the prevention and pressure therapy of hypertrophic scarring started in 1975 at Odstock Hospital. The work reported here includes a pressure calibration of batches of the material chosen for pressure bandaging; a pressure study of the bandages on volunteers' limbs; and the formation of a pressure therapy clinic. The clinic results were similar to those reported by Thomson (1974) and were considered sufficiently favourable to justify continuing the clinic and instituting a policy of close review and early therapy for all burns patients. The programme proved the accuracy of the pressure sensor and attempted to develop an objective method of recording progress. Arguments for pressure versus occlusion as the therapeutic agent are discussed and supported by a case report. It is suggested that a controlled trial of pressure therapy should be carried out. PMID- 7241463 TI - Urethral carcinoma following urethroplasty. PMID- 7241462 TI - Selection of patients with lung cancer for surgery: a review. PMID- 7241465 TI - Diagnosis of psychiatric disorder in the severely and profoundly retarded patient. PMID- 7241464 TI - Iliopsoas bursa demonstrated at femoral puncture. PMID- 7241466 TI - Homografts in the middle ear. PMID- 7241467 TI - Psychological aspects of early auditory education. PMID- 7241468 TI - Physical test for distant metastases in patients with breast cancer. AB - Of 312 patients presenting with breast cancer to a single clinic, 297 were screened for metastases in skin and nodes, bone, marrow, liver and lungs, using standard clinical, radiological scanning and cytological techniques. Thirty-four patients were found to have overt metastatic disease using these tests. Metastases were demonstrable on chest X-ray in 6.1% of the entire group of patients, on the bone scan in 4.2%, liver scan in 1.5%, liver ultrasound in 1.2% and in the bone marrow in only a single patient; 3.8% had contralateral or supraclavicular lymph node metastases or skin metastases. Twenty-eight of these 34 patients (82%) with overt metastases would have been classed as metastatic had only chest X-ray and clinical examination been carried out.A survey was then carried out to determine when tests for bone and liver metastases became abnormal. Bone scan and skeletal survey results were reviewed in 58 patients, 22 of whom had developed skeletal metastases and all of whom had regular skeletal scintigraphy carried out. Sixteen of 20 (80%) scans carried out within six months of the development of skeletal deposits were abnormal compared with 4 of 19 (21%) scans at the same follow-up time in those who failed to develop metastases, but few patients showed definite evidence of bone metastases on scanning prior to radiological metastases. Fifty-one patients who were found to have liver metastases at post-mortem were reviewed and most showed progressively rising alkaline phosphatase before death but only 11 of 57 (19.2%) and 14 of 50 (28%) had positive liver scintiscans and liver ultrasound examinations respectively from 3-12 months before death. PMID- 7241470 TI - Prediction of intestinal recovery after ischaemic injury due to arterial, venous and mixed arterial and venous occlusions. AB - Methods to predict intestinal viability after release of vascular occlusion were evaluated in a rat model of reversible segmental strangulation. Visual criteria of colour, pulsation and peristalsis in the ischaemic intestine were applied both in the immmediate period after restoration of the circulation and at 'second look' 24 hours later. In addition two simple tests using a Doppler probe and surface fluorescence were evaluated. As a test in identifying nonviable intestine the fluorescent method had an overall sensitivity of 96% with a specificity of 95% for all types of vascular occlusion, which compared favourably with the other methods tested. PMID- 7241471 TI - Vein patch repair of the common bile duct. AB - Two cases of successful vein patch repair of the common bile duct are reported, with follow-up periods of 9 years and one year respectively. PMID- 7241469 TI - Radioimmunolocalization of tumours by external scintigraphy after administration of 131I antibody to human chorionic gonadotrophin: preliminary communication. AB - (131)Iodine ((131)I) labelled antibody directed against human chorionic gonadatrophin (hCG) was given on 21 occasions to 18 patients with hCG-producing neoplasms. Tumours were localized by external scintigraphy in 13 of 21 investigations. Positive results were obtained reliably when serum hCG exceeded 500 miu/ml and in some cases sensitivity was comparable to that of computerized tomography. A positive result probably implies viability in the tumour and this was of practical value in discriminating between necrotic deposits and living tumour before surgery. PMID- 7241472 TI - Ectopic parathyroid adenomas. AB - Two cases of parathyroid tumours occurring in unusual situations are described. Such cases may cause difficulty in both the diagnosis and the surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism. The cases described illustrate the importance of a definitive aetiological diagnosis in hypercalcaemia, if appropriate surgery is to be performed. The value of discriminant function analysis and hydrocortisone suppression tests are discussed. PMID- 7241473 TI - Acute abdominal pain in children. AB - During a twelve-month period, 416 children with acute abdominal pain required emergency admission to Southampton General Hospital; 46% had operations. Appendicitis was the commonest organic cause of acute abdominal pain identified (31%). Constipation (9%) can present as acute abdominal pain simulating appendicitis. All children should have a urine sample examined microscopically and the finding of significant pyuria is suggestive, but not diagnostic, of a urinary tract infection (7%). Mesenteric adenitis, which can only be diagnosed with certainty at laparotomy, was less common (4%). Despite careful clinical assessment and follow up, 45% of children in this series remained undiagnosed. Sedation but not analgesia may assist in the diagnosis of the acute abdomen in children. PMID- 7241474 TI - Setting up an outpatient diagnostic index. AB - Clinical research in ophthalmology benefits particularly from an outpatient diagnostic index. The initial planning of such an index at an eye hospital is described and details are given of how the system was set up and is currently organized. PMID- 7241475 TI - Partial resection of the hemipelvis: alternative to hindquarter amputation. PMID- 7241477 TI - Obstructive jaundice--difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7241478 TI - Recent advances in the epidemiological study of minor psychiatric disorder. PMID- 7241476 TI - Congestive (dilated) cardiomyopathy in association with solvent abuse. PMID- 7241480 TI - Polytetrafluoroethylene tube for relief of obstructive jaundice. PMID- 7241482 TI - Surgery for stroke. PMID- 7241479 TI - Metachronous carcinomas of the large and small bowel. PMID- 7241481 TI - Reconstruction of the breast after mastectomy. PMID- 7241483 TI - Sorcery and sudden death. PMID- 7241485 TI - Methods of evaluating results of operations for chronic arthritis of the knee. PMID- 7241484 TI - Spinal stenosis. PMID- 7241487 TI - Penicillamine-induced dermatomyositis. PMID- 7241486 TI - Visual pigments and colour vision in man and monkeys. PMID- 7241488 TI - In vivo nuclear techniques in veterinary medicine. AB - A description is given of the more relevant procedures of diagnostic nuclear medicine as well as of future trends in this field, especially with regard to in vivo research and clinical applications at the biochemical level. The part played by animal models in the past and present is emphasised. The inclusion of a nuclear medicine facility, as equipped and run by the Atomic Energy Board at the H.A. Grove Animal Research Centre is put into perspective. PMID- 7241489 TI - An unidentified Babesia of the domestic cat (Felis domesticus). AB - An unidentified Babesia was seen in a blood smear from a cat showing signs of anaemia. The cat responded to treatment with diminazene (Berenil). The morphology of the parasite is described and a comparison is made with other Babesia which have been described from the domestic cat and wild felids. This parasite most closely resembled B. herpailuri described from a jaguarundi in South America. PMID- 7241490 TI - Anthelmintic efficiency of fenbendazole in equines. AB - A single oral dose of fenbendazole (FBZ) at 10mg/kg body mass was given to 5 donkeys. A further 5 donkeys were dosed with a medicated lick (1 mg FBZ/g lick) until the oral consumption was 10mg/kg body mass. In both trials FBZ was highly effective against adults of the following genera: Cyathostomum, Cylicocyelus, Cylicostephanus, Cylicodontophorus, Poteriostomum, Cabellonema, Craterostomum and Triodontophorus; similarly high efficiency was obtained against the following species: Habronema majus, Habronema musca, Strongylus vulgaris and Oxyuris equi and worms identified as belonging to the subfamily Cyathostostominae. These results were confirmed in horses and in addition FBZ at 10mg/kg was highly effective against Gyalocephalus capitatus, Oesophagodontos robustus and Parascaris equorum. PMID- 7241492 TI - Sodium hyaluronate in equine traumatic arthritis. AB - Thirty seven intra-articular injections, each 2 ml sodium hyaluronate were made into 21 arthritic joints in 15 racing Thoroughbreds and one part-bred polo pony. One joint failed to improve at all, 16 became sound with one injection, 4 became sound with 2 injections, and 11 joints showed various degrees of response. Eleven of 14 horses became sound for flat racing. Discussion relates to the technique of using sodium hyaluronate, some clinical and pathological aspects of traumatic arthritis, joint lubrication and a brief review of some properties of sodium hyaluronate which have a bearing on arthritis. PMID- 7241491 TI - Anatrichosoma sp. infestation in the footpads of a cat. AB - A nematode of the genus Anatrichosoma caused extensive necrosis and sloughing of the footpads of a domestic cat. No male worms were found but a description of the female is given. This is the first report of Anatrichosoma sp. in the Republic of S.A. as well as the first report of it in a cat. PMID- 7241495 TI - Parafilaria bovicola in cattle and its control. AB - The areas of infestation, life cycle, lesions, methods of diagnosis and the control of Parafilaria bovicola in cattle in South Africa are discussed. PMID- 7241494 TI - Ethological studies within the man-horse relationship. AB - Certain aspects of ethology and the horse's senses are discussed to bring about a better understanding between man and horse. Furthermore the behaviour of horses with respect to housing, feeding, breeding, veterinary treatment and work are considered. PMID- 7241493 TI - Equine pyelonephritis and unilateral nephrectomy. AB - The clinical and laboratory findings of illness in a 2-year-old Thoroughbred filly are described. The treatment employed, including unilateral nephrectomy, and the macro- and microscopic findings in the diseases kidney are presented and this rare case is discussed briefly. PMID- 7241498 TI - Bothriocephalosis in the common carp in the Eastern Transvaal. AB - The first outbreak of bothriocephalosis in common carp in South Africa is recorded. This condition was caused by Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, a pseudophyllid tapeworm not previously identified in this country. Methods to limit its spread are suggested. PMID- 7241496 TI - [Mortality in lambs due to impaction of the abomasum by an Ornithopus sativus Brot. (seredella) bezoar]. AB - An outbreak of mortality in a flock of Merino x Mutton Merino crossbred sheep where 62 out of 300 4 month old lambs died over a period of 3 weeks, is described. Some of the lambs showed symptoms of illthrift, but most died within a day or two as a tough phytobezoars varying in size from 15-40 mm in diameter and consisting almost exclusively of the hairs which occur on the leaves and stems of Ornithopus sativus Brot. PMID- 7241497 TI - Neostigmine-responsive weakness and glomerulonephritis associated with heartworm Dirofilaria immitis infestation in a dog. AB - Microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis were found in blood smears of a Dalmation which showed clinical signs of muscle weakness and membranous glomerulonephritis. The muscle weakness responded to treatment with neostigmine and the microfilariae disappeared after treatment with levamisole. PMID- 7241499 TI - Exertional myoglobinaemia in black wildebeest, and the influence of graduated exercise. PMID- 7241500 TI - Studies of feline babesiosis 3. Haematological findings. AB - Haematological changes were monitored in 20 experimentally infected and 70 clinical cases of feline babesiosis. There was a rapid drop in the haematocrit, haemoglobin and erythrocyte count. Experimental animals were most anaemic about 3 weeks after infection. Variations were encountered. There were no definite trends in the erythrocyte indices although the erythrocytes were often macrocytic and hypochromic. No significant changes were found in total leukocyte counts. PMID- 7241501 TI - The treatment of Filaroides osleri infestation with albendazole. AB - A dog infested with Filaroides osleri was dosed with albendazole at 9,5 mg/kg every day for 55 days. Clinical signs of disease disappeared after 30 days but a few nodules were still present in the left bronchus 373 days after the onset of treatment. The anthelmintic caused an increase in lymphocyte and decrease in neutrophil count. PMID- 7241502 TI - Serum antibody levels before and after administration of live canine distemper vaccine to the wild dog Lycaon pictus. AB - Antibodies against canine distemper virus were determined before and after the administration of a live canine distemper virus vaccine to 16 wild dogs Lycaon pictus. Antibody levels were either very low or non-detectable. The results were inconclusive. PMID- 7241503 TI - A novel connector linkage applicable in prodrug design. PMID- 7241504 TI - 1-Aryl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes, a new series of nonnarcotic analgesic agents. AB - A series of 1-aryl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes was synthesized by hydride reduction of 1-arylcyclopropanedicarboximides. Hydroxyphenyl analogues 20, 22, and 24 were prepared by EtSNa--DMF ether cleavage of the corresponding methoxyphenyl analogues 2m, 2n, and 23, respectively, with the secondary amines 20 and 22 going through the N-formyl intermediate 19 and 21. The p-ethoxy analogue 26 was obtained by O-ethylation of 19, followed by base hydrolysis of the amide 25. The greatest analgesic potency in mouse writhing and rat paw-pain assays was observed for para-substituted compounds. Bicifadine, 1-(4 methylphenyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (2b), was the most potent member of the series and is presently undergoing clinical trials in man. Analgesic activity of 2b is limited to the (+) enantiomer 2v, which has the 1R,5S absolute configuration as determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The N-methyl analogue (27d) of 2b showed significant analgesic potency, whereas the N-allyl (27a), N-(cyclopropylmethyl) (27b), and N-(n-hexyl) (27c) analogues were inactive. Bicifadine (2b) showed a nonnarcotic profile different from analogous azabicycloalkane and 3-phenylpyrrolidine analgesics. PMID- 7241506 TI - New analgesic drugs derived from phencyclidine. AB - Several esters of 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-4-piperidinol (3), 1-(1 phenylcyclohexyl)-4-phenyl-4-piperidinol (10) and its propionate (11), and 1-(1 phenylcyclohexyl)-4-phenylpiperidine (13) were prepared and characterized. The new compounds, which are derived from phencyclidine, exerted analgesic activity in mice. The most potent is 10, which is twice as active as morphine. The antinociceptive activity of 10, 11, and 13 could be well correlated with their potency in the mouse vas deferens bioassay, and both were completely reversed by naloxone. PMID- 7241505 TI - A potent, new, sedative--hypnotic agent: 5,7-dihydro-5,5,7,7-tetramethyl-3-(3 nitrophenyl)furo[3,4-e]-as-triazine 4-oxide. PMID- 7241508 TI - Relation of conformation to antitumor activity of platinum(II) complexes of 1,2 cyclohexanediamine and 2-(aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine isomers against leukemia P388. AB - The antitumor activity of various platinum(II) complexes of 1,2 cyclohexanediamine and 2-(aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine isomers against leukemia P388 was evaluated by means of the platinum analogue study protocol recommended by the National Cancer Institute. For the former complexes, trans isomers are more efficacious than the corresponding cis isomers. For the latter complexes, cis isomers seem to be somewhat more active than trans isomers. 2 (Aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine platinum complexes exhibited higher activity than 1,2-cyclohexanediamine complexes in this tumor system. These findings encouraged us to determine the structural differences between 1,2-cyclohexanediamine and 2 (aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine complexes. Their structures of platinum complexes were elucidated from circular dichroism and 13C NMR spectral analyses, and it has been concluded that the cyclohexane ring of cis-1,2-cyclohexanediamine is nearly perpendicular to the chelate ring, while both rings of trans-1,2 cyclohexanediamine and trans-2-(aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine complexes lie in a common plane. The structure of cis-2-(aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine complexes is flexible, and the cyclohexane ring is not perpendicular to the chelate ring. The coplanarity of trans isomers and the flexibility of cis-2 (aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine complexes allow them easy approach to the target DNA. However, the perpendicular ring of cis-1,2-cyclohexanediamine complexes would prevent their interactions with dna molecules due to the steric hindrance. PMID- 7241507 TI - Oxazepam esters. 3. Intrinsic activity, selectivity, and prodrug effect. AB - Antimetrazol and muscle-relaxant activities of 11 aliphatic esters of oxazepam were studied as a function of time in mice. The esters given intravenously retained antimetrazol activity, while muscle-relaxant activity was generally decreased. The administration of a dose equivalent to the antimetrazol ED50 resulted in constant oxazepam brain levels for most esters; therefore, the intrinsic anticonvulsant activity of the intact ester is insignificant. The dimethylphenylpropionyl ester appeared to antagonize the effect of oxazepam, since it elevated the free oxazepam level required to achieve the ED50 in the antimetrazol assay. The administration of doses equivalent to the muscle-relaxant ED50 values resulted in no correlation with total brain benzodiazepine levels, suggesting that changes in the selectivity of action are the consequence of different sites of action. PMID- 7241509 TI - Showdomycin analogues: synthesis and antitumor evaluation. AB - The synthesis of N-beta-D-ribofuranosyl derivatives of maleimide, 3 methylmaleimide, and 3-chloromaleimide was accomplished in three steps from ribosylamine. The synthetic ribosides can be considered N-nucleoside analogues of showdomycin, which is an antitumor antibiotic of the C-nucleoside type. Although the three analogues were cytotoxic to cultured L1210 cells, no in vivo antitumor activity was found with the murine P388 leukemia test system. Drug transport studies were done in an attempt to trace the biological fate of the analogues. PMID- 7241510 TI - Structure--activity relationship in cinnamamides. 3. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity evaluation of some derivatives of (E)- and (Z)-m (trifluoromethyl)cinnamamide. AB - The (E)- and (Z)-m-(trifluoromethyl)-alpha, beta-dimethylcinnamamides and some of their N-alkyl derivatives were prepared and pharmacologically tested as anticonvulsant agents in order to verify if a ring substituent, like the m-CF3 group, different from a halogen but possessing the same electronic effect could lead to equally active compounds. Some (E)-m-(trifluoromethyl)-alpha-methyl- and non-methyl-substituted-cinnamamides were also prepared and tested. In the alpha, beta-dimethyl series the results show that the m-CF3 group leads to products more active than the ones unsubstituted on the phenyl ring but still less active than the p-halogen-substituted compounds previously studied. In the alpha-methyl and non-methyl-substituted series, the trend shows the m-CF3 group being able to produce less toxic and, in some cases, more active products than the previously studied amides. PMID- 7241511 TI - Structure--activity relationships in a broad-spectrum anthelmintic series. Acid chloride phenylhydrazones. 1. Aryl substitutions and chloride variations. PMID- 7241512 TI - Inhibition of bovine and rat liver dihydrofolate reductase by 4,6-diamino-1,2 dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1-(4-substituted-phenyl)-s-triazines. PMID- 7241514 TI - Analogues of the cytostatic cyclic tetrapeptide chlamydocin. Synthesis of N beta (N-maleoylglycyl) and N beta-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl) derivatives of cyclo(Gly-L Phe-D-Pro-L-Dap). AB - The synthesis of analogues of the cytostatic cyclic tetrapeptide chlamydocin is described. cyclo(Gly-L-Phe-D-Pro-N beta-Boc-L-Dap) (4) was prepared from N beta (tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-L-diaminopropionic acid methyl ester (Dap) and Cbz-Gly-L Phe-D-Pro using DCC/HOBt as the coupling reagent. The methyl ester was saponified to the acid, which was converted to the 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl (Tcp) ester by reaction with trichlorophenol and DCC. The N-(benzyloxycarbonyl) group was removed by hydrogenolysis and the amine active ester cyclized at 95 degrees C in pyridine. The Boc-protected cyclic tetrapeptide 4 was isolated in 14% yield. Cyclic tetrapeptide 4 was converted to cyclo-[Gly-L-Phe-D-Pro-N beta-(N maleoylglycyl)-L-Dap] (5) to test for a possible sulfhydryl group at the chlamydocin receptor. Removal of the tert-butyloxycarbonyl group, followed by reaction with N-maleoylglycine and DCC/HOBt in methylene chloride, gave cyclic tetrapeptide 5 in 68% yield. The maleoyl cyclic tetrapeptide 5 did not inhibit [3H]thymidine incorporation into calf thymus lymphocytes at concentrations 1000 fold higher than the IC50 for chlamydocin (6 nM). PMID- 7241513 TI - Inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. 9. Effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine analogues on mammalian aminopropyltransferases in vitro and polyamine biosynthesis in transformed lymphocytes. AB - Seven analogues of S-adenosyl-L-methionine were studied as inhibitors or substrates for mammalian spermidine and spermine synthases. One of these, S-(5' deoxy-5'-adenosyl)-(+/-)-1-methyl-3-(methylthio)propylamine (5), showed a unique spectrum of activities on the polyamine biosynthesis enzymes. It was an inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase from rat liver and spermine synthase from bovine brain and rat ventral prostate. This compound was a substrate for the spermidine synthases from bovine brain and rat ventral prostate but not a substrate for the spermine synthases from these same sources. At concentrations of 0.2 mM and higher, compound 5 blocked the increases in polyamine levels and in [3H]thymidine incorporation induced by concanavalin A in cultured mouse lymphocytes. At approximately a 0.5 mM concentration of 5, the cellular polyamine levels and the rate of thymidine incorporation were similar to those of the unstimulated lymphocytes. Lower concentrations of 5 (0.02-0.1 mM) produced a dose dependent increase in thymidine incorporation. A dose-dependent decrease in the cellular polyamine levels was observed in the range of 0.05-0.5 mM of the inhibitor. These results suggest that the effects of 5 on transformed lymphocytes are complex and may not be solely due to the inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis by this compound. PMID- 7241516 TI - Aromatic retinoic acid analogues. Synthesis and pharmacological activity. AB - Aromatic analogues of (all-E)- and 13(Z)-retinoic acids have been synthesized as potential chemopreventive agents for the treatment of epithelial cancer. In the E series, (1E,3E)-1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1 yl)-1,3- butadiene (7a), its ethyl ester 5a, and the epoxy ethyl ester 14 displayed excellent activity in the assay for the inhibition of tumor promotor induced mouse epidermal ornithine decarboxylase, while (1E,3E)-1-(4-carboethoxy-3 methylphenyl)-2-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-1,3-butadiene (5b) was inactive. The 13(Z) analogues, (E)-1-(2-carboxyphenyl)-4-methyl-6-(2,6,6 trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-1,3,5-he xatriene (19) and (E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4 methyl-6-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-1,3,5-he xatriene (27), had minimal activity. PMID- 7241515 TI - Structure--sweetness relationship of L-aspartyl dipeptide analogues. A receptor site topology. AB - The relationship between structure and the sweet potency of L-aspartyl dipeptide analogues was investigated by physicochemical parameters and regression analysis. The dipeptide analogues reported were divided into the following four classes: L aspartic acid amides, L-aspartylaminoethyl esters, L-aspartylaminopropionates, and L-aspartyl-aminoacetates. The analysis carried out for each class indicated that the electron-withdrawing effect of the substituents directed to the peptide bond and the steric dimensions of the molecules are important in eliciting the sweet taste. The values of coefficients of the electronic sigma terms in the correlations for L-aspartic acid amides, L-aspartylaminoethyl esters, and L aspartylaminopropionates were approximately 0.7, indicating a common basic site on the receptor surface. The value for L-aspartylaminoacetates was approximately 1.5, and this value suggests, together with the factor of the participation of steric parameters, a closer or geometrically more proper fit to the receptor, explaining the generally higher potency of this class compared to the other three. The receptor model drawn based on these quantitative analyses appears to be consistent with other classes of sweeteners of apparently unrelated structures. PMID- 7241517 TI - Potential radiosensitizing agents. 2. Synthesis and biological activity of derivatives of dinitroimidazole with oxiranes. AB - A series of 1-substituted 2,4-dinitroimidazole analogues have been synthesized and tested for their radiosensitizing ability for selectively sensitizing hypoxic mammalian cells to the lethal effect of radiation. The reaction of 2,4-(5) dinitroimidazole (1) with a variety of oxiranes upon heating in absolute ethanol yielded the expected 1-substituted 2,4-dinitroimidazoles (2) and also resulted in the formation of a novel class of isomeric nitroimidazo[2,1-b]oxazoles 3 and 4) by intramolecular cyclization. The results of radiosensitizing activity of these agents against hypoxic Chinese hamster cells (V-79) indicated that 2,4 dinitroimidazoles were better sensitizers than the nitroimidazo[2,1-b]oxazoles, suggesting the necessity of the 2-nitro function in the molecule. The 1-(2 hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl)-2,4-dinitroimidazole (2d) was found to be the most effective radiosensitizer of this series. PMID- 7241518 TI - Synthesis and antischistosomal activity of certain pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. AB - Several 7-hydroxypyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (1-21), 7-mercaptopyrazolo[1,5 a]pyrimidines (37-49), and 4-alkylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones (50-55) and the corresponding 4-alkylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-thiones (56-60) were synthesized and tested for antischistosomal activity against Schistosoma mansoni. Of the compounds examined, the greatest degree of activity in vitro was found with the 7 mercaptopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. In particular, compounds 37 and 47 proved lethal at 100 micrograms/mL after an exposure of only 1 h. The 7 hydroxypyrazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidines were not as active. None of the compounds exhibiting in vitro activity were active against S. mansoni in vivo. PMID- 7241519 TI - Synthesis and anticholinergic properties of the enantiomers of 4-(isopropylamino) 2-(2-pyridyl)-2-phenylbutyramide, the mono-N-dealkylated metabolite of disopyramide. AB - The 2R and 2S enantiomers of 4-isopropyl-2-(2-pyridyl)-2-phenylbutyramide [(2R)-2 and (2S)-2] were prepared from the respective 2R and 2S enantiomers of disopyramide [(2R)-1 and (2S)-1] by oxidation with peracid, Cope elimination, and subsequent zinc/HCl reduction of the resulting hydroxylamines (2R)-3 and (2S)-3. The enantiomers were tested as antagonists to the contraction of guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle produced in response to electrically stimulated release of acetylcholine. The enantiomers showed IC50 values of 5.0 X 10(-6) and 14 X 10(-6) M for (2S)-2 and (2R)-2 respectively, about a 3-fold difference between enantiomers. Data are presented showing direct antagonism of acetylcholine in the guinea pig ileum assay. In a comparison of the anticholinergic effects of 2 and 1, the metabolite (2) was slightly less potent than disopyramide (1). PMID- 7241520 TI - Synthesis of spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperidines] as potential central nervous system agents. 6. Synthesis, 13C NMR, and biological evaluation of cis- and trans-4-amino-3'-arylspiro[cyclohexane-1,1'(3'H)-isobenzofuran] derivatives. AB - 4-(Dimethylamino)- and 4-(methylamino)-3'-arylspiro[cyclohexane-1,1'(3'H) isobenzofuran] derivatives were prepared as analogues of previously reported 3 arylspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperidines]. Metalation of benzanilide with n butyllithium, addition of 4-(dimethylamino)cyclohexanone, and acidification afforded a mixture of cis- and trans-4-(dimethylamino)spiro[cyclohexane-1,1'(3'H) isobenzofuran]-3'-ones (1a,b), which were separated by fractional crystallization. Addition of aryllithium or aryl Grignard reagents to 1a,b and formic acid reduction afforded cis- and trans-4-(dimethylamino)-3' arylspiro[cyclohexane-1,1'(3'H)-isobenzofurans] 3a-f, which were converted to secondary amine analogues 5a-e. Tentative stereochemical assignments are based on chemical arguments and are supported by 13C NMR chemical shift data. Marked inhibition of tetrabenazine-induced ptosis is a property of most antidepressants, and significant antitetrabenazine activity is observed for several of these compounds. Optimal antitetrabenazine activity is associated with the cis-3' phenyl series, and the cis secondary amine 5a is approximately twice as potent as the cis tertiary amine 3a. The various compounds are relatively weak with respect to potentiation of L-5-hydroxytryptophan-induced seizures. PMID- 7241521 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of poly(oxyethylene) derivatives of 4 isobutylphenyl-2-propionic acid (ibuprofen). AB - The synthesis of three oligomeric derivatives of 4-isobutylphenyl-2-propionic acid (ibuprofen), namely, the monoester of tetraethylene glycol (I) and the diesters of poly(oxyethylene) samples having molecular weights of 1000 (+/- 50) and 2000 (+/- 150) (II and III), has been performed via the imidazolide method. The antiinflammatory activity of I-III, and of equivalent amounts of free drug, was determined in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay at different times after oral administration and found to be considerably prolonged in the case of the three derivatives. The lowest molecular weight derivative (I) also had an enhanced initial activity with regard to 4-isobutylphenyl-2-propionic acid. These results were confirmed by measuring the plasma levels of 4-isobutylphenyl-2 propionic acid in rats at different times after oral administration. PMID- 7241522 TI - Azaprostaglandin analogues. Synthesis and biological properties of 11 azaprostaglandin derivatives. AB - New nitrogen analogues of prostaglandins (11, 11a, 12, and 12a) have been synthesized starting from a 4,5-disubstituted 2-pyrrolidinone nucleus (5 and 5a) containing one side chain and a suitable functionality for elaborating the second one. These analogues had no better activity than natural prostaglandins in vitro [guinea pig ileum and trachea, rat stomach fundus strip, uterus and portal vein, ADP-induced guinea pig platelet-rich plasma (PRP) aggregation]. They similarly lacked any interesting activity in vivo [anesthetized rat blood pressure, stress, and acetylsalycilic acid (ASA) induced gastric lesions in rat]. PMID- 7241525 TI - Preparation and antibacterial activity of delta 1-thienamycin. AB - delta 1-Thienamycin (2), a double-bond isomer of thienamycin, was prepared by isomerizing N-[[(p-nitrobenzyl)oxy]-carbonyl]thienamycin p-nitrobenzyl ester (5b) with DBU in Me2SO followed by hydrogenolysis of the protecting groups. When evaluated in a disc-diffusion antibacterial assay, delta 1-thienamycin was found to be essentially devoid of activity. The lack of antibacterial activity was ascribed to a chemically less reactive beta-lactam amide bond than that found in thienamycin. PMID- 7241523 TI - Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of 2,2'-diaminobiphenyl derivatives. PMID- 7241524 TI - Toxicity quantitative structure--activity relationships of colchicines. AB - A method for extracting LD50 values from antitumor test data is described. A quantitative structure--activity relationship (QSAR) for 7- and 10-substituted colchicines is presented. This correlation equation closely parallels that which had been derived earlier for potency. This result indicates that attempts to modify 7- and 10-substituted colchicines in order to decrease toxicity will likely produce a simultaneous decrease in potency. Ring A modified colchicines do not obey the potency and toxicity correlations. 4-Substituted colchicines appear promising in terms of decreased toxicity, greater ILS, and a broader therapeutic range. PMID- 7241526 TI - Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and arthropathy: a family study. AB - A family is described in which three children have neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and two of them also have an arthropathy. Clinically the children have the late infantile form but pathological evidence shows the recognised overlap with the juvenile form. A fourth child with joint involvement but with normal skin biopsies is described. It is suggested that this family have a specific form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis with arthropathy and that accumulation of metabolites in this storage disease may be age dependent. PMID- 7241527 TI - Congenital hydrocephalus in two pregnancies following the birth of a child with a neural tube defect: aetiology and management. AB - A family is described with congenital hydrocephalus occurring in two pregnancies following the birth of a child with a neural tube defect (NTD). Prenatal diagnosis of hydrocephalus at mid-gestation was achieved by ultrasonography. The increased frequency of hydrocephalus among sibs of probands with a NTD and vice versa suggests that, following the birth of a child with either malformations, subsequent pregnancies should be monitored at mid-gestation by amniotic fluid AFP and serial ultrasound examination. PMID- 7241529 TI - Familial chromosome translocation t(3;18)(p21;p11). AB - A familial translocation t(3;18)(p21;p11) was observed in a newborn male. He had multiple malformations resulting from partial trisomy 3 and partial monosomy 18. The mother, maternal uncle, and maternal grandmother were found to be balanced translocation carriers. A daughter of the maternal uncle with similar malformations probably had the same unbalanced karyotype as the proband. PMID- 7241528 TI - The aetiology of the cat eye syndrome reconsidered. AB - The cat eye syndrome (CES), usually ascribed to the presence of a deleted supernumerary 22 chromosome, is characterised by a typical clinical picture including anal atresia, ocular coloboma, preauricular tags or sinuses, congenital heart defects, urinary tracts anomalies, and mental and physical retardation. An analysis of published reports revealed that of the 57 reported cases, only 21 showed the complete form, and 11 had a normal karyotype. Several observations question the existence of a trisomy 22:(1) the absence of any report in living subjects of trisomy 22 arising from an inherited Robertsonian translocation; (2) the recurrent abortions in carriers of Robertsonian translocations involving chromosome 22; and (3) the existence of a syndrome, showing the same clinical features as trisomy 22, which is irrefutably dependent on a trisomy of the distal region of the 11 long arm. On the basis of a comparison of the clinical features in full trisomy 13, partial 13 trisomies, 13 rings, 13 deletions, and CES the small marker present in this syndrome is considered to be a chromosome 13 with an interstitial deletion. An attempt to map this chromosome has been made. PMID- 7241530 TI - Familial dentinogenesis imperfecta, blue sclerae, and wormian bones without fractures: another type of osteogenesis imperfecta? AB - A unique connective tissue disorder characterised by the triad of dentinogenesis imperfecta, blue sclerae, and multiple wormian bones has been identified in 20 members of three generations of a large kindred of mixed ancestry in South Africa. The skeletons of affected subjects were moderately osteoporotic but, apart from minimal bowing of the femora and some vertebral flattening in late adulthood, this abnormality produced no untoward sequelae. Bone fragility was present in one young male, while a mother and her daughter had deafness of uncertain relationship with the primary disorder. Dental discolouration and a liability to caries were the only important complications. The condition is best regarded as yet another variety of osteogenesis imperfecta. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with relatively consistent phenotypic expression. PMID- 7241531 TI - Syndromes of microcephaly, microphthalmia, cataracts, and joint contractures. PMID- 7241532 TI - Partial trisomy 12q. AB - A partial trisomy 12q243 leads to qter resulting from a maternal balanced translocation, 46,XX,t(9;12)(p243;q243) was detected in a male newborn with multiple congenital abnormalities. The maternal grandmother was also a carrier of the 9;12 translocation. Our patient exhibited a number of clinica features similar to two others reported, who were also trisomic for the distal part of 12q. Aberrations of chromosome 12 are very rare. There have been only two reports of partial trisomy 12q, both the result of a familial translocation. We describe a third unbalanced case. PMID- 7241533 TI - A case of trisomy of chromosome 15. PMID- 7241534 TI - A new probably autosomal recessive cardiomelic dysplasia with mesoaxial hexadactyly. PMID- 7241535 TI - Prenatal diagnosis for adenosine deaminase deficiency. AB - Amniocentesis was performed in two successive pregnancies of the mother of a child with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficient severe combined immunodeficiency. Assay of ADA in amniotic fluid fibroblasts showed the pregnancies to be normal and homozygous deficient, respectively. These findings were confirmed by the demonstration of a normal level of erythrocyte ADA in the cord blood of the healthy male born of the first pregnancy and by the demonstration of undetectable ADA activity in cord erythrocytes, spleen, liver, and kidney of the abortus of the second pregnancy. Prenatal diagnosis of ADA deficiency appears to be a reliable procedure. PMID- 7241537 TI - Birth frequency of bilateral renal agenesis. PMID- 7241538 TI - A family study of protracted diarrhoea in infancy. AB - A family study of undiagnosed protracted diarrhoea in infancy was undertaken, based on 67 such patients, seen at The Hospital for Sick Children, London, over a 6-year period. All were fully investigated with the exclusion of those with known cause, such as coeliac disease, cow's milk intolerance, or enteric infections. The families were traced and visited. The material is certainly heterogeneous. In the case of five patients the condition was associated with a syndrome. The remaining 62 index patients could be divided into a group of 15 with severe illness and 47 with a milder illness. Six had onset before one month of age, four died, and in five the diarrhoea lasted more than 12 months and the children persistently failed to thrive. These 15 severe cases had six affected sibs out of 22 (Weinberg proband method) and in all but one of these affected sibs the condition was also severe. Two further sibs had had protracted diarrhoea, but this had not been fully investigated. The 47 index patients with milder disease had 68 sibs of whom only one was affected (this boy was one of the severely affected index patients), and one other sib had protracted diarrhoea which was not fully investigated. It is proposed that the severe group includes one or more autosomal recessive entities, in which the basic defects are not yet known, but are likely to be inborn metabolic errors. PMID- 7241536 TI - Propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase deficiency presenting as non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia. AB - A 4-month-old girl presented with myoclonic seizures and an electroencephalogram showing hypsarrhythmia. Hyperglycinuria and a cerebrospinal fluid to plasma glycine ratio of 0.2 suggested the diagnosis of non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia. Propionic acid and methyl citric acid were present in the urine, and propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase was deficient in leucocytes and fibroblasts. The ketotic and non-ketotic hyperglycinaemias cannot be differentiated by CSF: plasma glycine ratios. PMID- 7241540 TI - Evaluation of information-guidance genetic counselling. AB - The impact of information-guidance type of genetic counseling was evaluated for the family planning of 2082 consultands. The understanding of the risks, parental decision, and the number of induced and spontaneous abortions were evaluated by the use of questionnaires. The stillbirths, livebirths, infant deaths, and babies with inherited or congenital anomalies were checked by experts. When pregnancy was recommended the rate deterred was 4.7% while this rate was 61.7% and 60.7% when pregnancy was not recommended or pregnancy required consideration. When pregnancy was not recommended, 43.5% of offspring had congenital anomalies, while this value fitted with random risk (4%) in offspring born after recommended pregnancies. PMID- 7241539 TI - Children of those treated surgically for Hirschsprung's disease. AB - The risk of recurrence of Hirschsprung's disease in sibs is reasonably well established. Survivors of early successful operations (rectosigmoidectomy) are now reaching adult life and are asking about risks to their children. The authors report a preliminary study on which to base a risk estimate. Studies on sibs show that for short segment index patients the risk to brothers is about 1 in 20 and for sisters about 1 in 100. For long segment patients the risk is about 1 in 10 irrespective of sex. In the present study it was found that one son in 52 was possibly affected, and one daughter in 47 was certainly affected, of short segment index patients. Of long segment index patients one son in three was probably affected, and the one daughter was certainly affected. One long segment patient had a child with a short segment affected and one short segment patient had a child with a long segment affected. This confirms the impression, given by single case reports of parent and child affected, that there is less likelihood of concordance in length of aganglionic segment in parent and child than in sibs. For the present it is appropriate to give an estimated risk of about 2% for offspring of short segment index patients, but a relatively higher risk for offspring of long segment index patients. PMID- 7241541 TI - Confirmation of the multifactorial threshold model for congenital structural talipes equinovarus. AB - The first degree relatives of 174 children with congenital isolated structural talipes equinovarus were examined by an orthopaedic surgeon. The affected rate of first degree relatives was 27 times higher than the birth prevalence of Hungarian newborns. The heritability in the parents and sibs was 0.82 +/- 0.15. The multifactorial threshold model was proved by the so-called GAMT programme on the basis of the identity of the h2 values in the different generations of first degree relatives. A relatively lower familial clustering was found in gypsies who had a higher prevalence. PMID- 7241542 TI - Beta-Thalassaemia types in southern Sardinia. AB - In this study the prevalence of the different beta-thalassaemia types in southern Sardinia was investigated by cellulose acetate and agar gel electrophoresis or globin chain synthesis analysis on column chromatography or both in (1) all the patients (347) presenting with thalassaemia major or intermedia at our haematology service from 1976 to 1979, and (2) a group of 82 patients with transfusion-dependent thalassaemia major randomly chosen from 236 under our care. Apart from six subjects with delta(beta)0/beta+-thalassaemia genotype and eight with beta0/beta+ or less probably beta+/beta/-thalassaemia, all thalassaemia major and intermedia patients studied were beta0-thalassaemia homozygotes. Globin chain synthesis on peripheral blood cells from these patients, performed at different intervals from blood transfusion, showed no incorporation of radioactive leucine into beta-globin peak, the same as before the transfusion. No correlation between kappa/gamma ratios and clinical severity or hypersplenism was found. Globin chain synthesis analysis carried out at birth in three infants later found to have homozygous beta0-thalassaemia demonstrated imbalanced or borderline kappa/gamma ratios. PMID- 7241544 TI - Inheritance of a ring 14 chromosome. AB - A family is described in which the mother, her two live offspring, and a therapeutically aborted fetus each had a ring 14 chromosomes. The two children were mentally retarded and the mother's intelligence was at the lower end of the normal range. In addition, the mother had two spontaneous abortions, one of which was shown to be chromosomally normal. PMID- 7241543 TI - Phenotype of partial trisomy 8 (p21 leads to qter) in two unrelated patients with de novo translocation. AB - Two unrelated patients with a de novo partial trisomy 8 (q21 leads to qter) are presented. They had strikingly similar phenotypes, characterised by a wide face with hypertelorism, a broad based nose, malformed ears, micrognathia, and a very short neck. A cleft palate, cardiac defects, and hydronephrosis were present in both patients. The relation between the 8qter syndrome and trisomy 8 (Warkany syndrome) is discussed. PMID- 7241546 TI - Prenatal detection of Turner's syndrome in conjunction with trisomy 20 mosaicism (45,X/46, X, +0). AB - A case of Turner's syndrome, detected antenatally and complicated by the finding of trisomy 20 mosaicism in 50% of cells from each of two amniotic fluid cultures, is described. Cultures from seven fetal tissues in the subsequent abortus showed a predominance of 45,X cells, but nevertheless suggested the existence of a very low level of trisomy 20 mosaicism in three fetal tissues. The diagnostic dilemma in interpreting trisomy 20 mosaicism is discussed. PMID- 7241545 TI - Ectodermal dysplasia in females and inversion of chromosome 9. AB - Absence of sweat glands, hypotrichosis, hypodontia, characteristic facial features, and intolerance to heat, without dystrophia of the nails, are manifestations of sex linked hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Three males and two females were affected in a family in which the affected females were also carrying a pericentric inversion of chromosome 9. Those phenotypically normal females in this pedigree who were obligate carriers had normal karyotypes. One of the affected females (the proband) had, in addition, primary amenorrhoea, absence of the mammary glands, and rudimentary internal genitalia. The fact that clinical manifestations of ectodermal dysplasia in the carrier females of this family are only observed in those also carrying a pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 in peripheral blood leucocytes perhaps suggests that non-random inactivation of the paternal X chromosome has occurred as a consequence of the inversion. PMID- 7241547 TI - Structural aberration of the X chromosome in a patient with gonadal dysgenesis: an approach to karyotype-phenotype correlation. AB - An 18-year-old female with some stigmata of pure dysgenesis had a chromosome constitution of 46,X,dir dup(X) (pter leads to q27: :q21 leads to qter). The abnormal chromosome was always late replicating. The clinical and cytogenetic picture is compared with that of patients with X;X translocation and some problems of karyotype-phenotype correlation are discussed. PMID- 7241548 TI - Partial trisomy 6p: 46,XX, -10, der(10),t(6;10) (p22;q26)pat and HLA localisation. AB - A child with multiple facial anomalies showed partial trisomy 6p, 46,XX, 10,der(10), t(6;10)(p22;q26)pat. Family studies suggested that the HLA complex is probably between 6p22.4 and 6p21.05. The HLA system had previously been localised between 6p21 and 23(12) and more precisely located by Berger et al3 above 6p21.05. We have studied the clinical presentation and the HLA system of the family of a child with partial trisomy 6p derived from a paternal translocation. Since Breuning et al4 collected and studied the first six known cases of trisomy 6p, 12 cases have been found with similar clinical manifestations, varying in the breakpoint and the part of 6p which was triplicated. Independent of the classification of the clinical manifestations of new syndromes, the importance of duplication-deficiency chromosomal abnormalities is determined by the localised of gene loci. The HLA system was localised by Berger et al3 at above 6p21.05. Our results suggest that the HLA system is below 6p22.4, the breakpoint found in the balanced translocation 6p22;10q26 of the father which produced the partial trisomy 6p22 leads to pter of the proband. PMID- 7241549 TI - An infant with ring 17 chromosome and unusual dermatoglyphs: a new syndrome? AB - A case of ring 17 chromosome in a 5-month-old male infant is investigated and compared with five previously reported cases. The findings commonly observed in these patients include mental and motor retardation, seizures, short stature, muscular hypotonia, and microcephaly among others. Dermatoglyphic studies showed an increased number of ulnar loops. More interestingly, bilateral transverse hypothenar creases were noted. Two of the reported cases also had unspecified genital abnormalities. The variation in clinical findings among these patients may be explained by a difference in the breakpoints on chromosome 17. PMID- 7241550 TI - Anal atresia and the Klein-Waardenburg syndrome. AB - A 3-month-old male infant with type I Klein-Waardenburg syndrome with an imperforated anus and a perineal fistula is reported. The possible association of this gastrointestinal malformation with the KW syndrome is discussed. PMID- 7241551 TI - The Delphi predictions of pathology chairmen: a six-year retrospective view. AB - A retrospective review is reported of progress in academic pathology since 1974, when the Association of Pathology Chairmen undertook a Delphi study of pathology chairmen's expectations and desires for the future. In the authors' view, the Delphi study was useful in alerting academic pathologists to some important opportunities and in coalescing activities toward achievement of important goals. A second study to involve a broader community of pathologists is suggested. PMID- 7241552 TI - The assessment and remediation of dysfunctional stress in medical school. AB - This paper describes an ecosystem approach to the management of dysfunctional stress in a medical education setting. An assessment of the student-perceived environment was conducted in three phases: (a) brainstorming to identify potential sources of stress; (b) design and use of the Medical School Environmental Stress Inventory (MSESI) to measure student-reported stress; and (c) follow-up interviews to validate these findings and to identify specific factors contributing to the stressful situations, consequences resulting from the stress, coping strategies used, potential solutions to the stressful situations, and aspects of the environment perceived as supportive. Students described the major stressors as information-input overload, short-age of time, inadequate feedback regarding performance, and poor quality of interpersonal relationships. The authors, committed to an action-research model, used the results to design appropriate interventions. PMID- 7241553 TI - Legal issues in faculty evaluation of student clinical performance. AB - Faculty evaluation of the clinical performance of medical students and residents is a great responsibility. However, many faculty members are reluctant to fulfill this responsibility with complete candor because of the fear of legal liability and lawsuits by dissatisfied students. This article examines current methods and uses of evaluation and problems created when they are incomplete or disingenuous. Legal issues arising in this process are then discussed, with emphasis upon the Supreme Court's 1978 Horowitz decision. Finally, the substantive and procedural implications of Horowitz for faculty practice are explained. It is argued that the law permits and encourages full and honest faculty evaluation of clinical performance. PMID- 7241554 TI - Cognitive style and instructional materials for medical students. AB - The study assessed the effects of matching, or mismatching, third-year medical students by cognitive style and instructional mode. At the beginning of each of four rotations of the third-year surgery clerkship, all students (n = 245) were administered the Group Embedded Figures Test and then classified as either field independent or field-dependent. The students in rotations one to three (n = 180) were randomly assigned to either a highly structured sequence or to an unstructured sequence on colorectal cancer, and in the fourth rotation all students (n = 65) took the colorectal cancer self-instructional sequence currently in use. Following the instructional period, the students were administered an inventory of instruction, a simulation game, and a multiple choice posttest of the content. Results showed few effects favoring matching cognitive style with instructional materials. Implications for highly motivated, high-achieving students were discussed. PMID- 7241556 TI - Medical care evaluation: an experience in continuing medical education. PMID- 7241555 TI - Medical student acquisition and retention of communication and interviewing skills. AB - Medical students' interpersonal and communication skills were assessed over the course of their first two years of medical training. During the first year, students participated in a nine-week course designed to develop effective interviewing skills. On the average, students improved significantly on two standardized measures of communication and discrimination skills as a result of this training. Upon completion of this course, the students conducted a videotaped interview with "screened patients," persons trained in interviewing skills. Evaluation of these videotapes indicated a level of performance commensurate with performance on the written measures. A similar interview was conducted about one year after the first " screened patient" interview to assess retention of these skills. Results of the first and second video analyses indicated a significant decline in student process-oriented skills. These findings indicate that effective interviewing and communication skills can be not only learned but also forgotten. PMID- 7241557 TI - Evaluating M.D.-level competence in internal medicine. AB - The faculty of the Department of Medicine at the University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine defines M.D.-level competence as the capability of undertaking the first day of a primary care internship. The implementation of a clinical clerkship in internal medicine that was flexible in time required that a new evaluation program be developed to assess the progress of students toward defined end points of competence. The four measures used are an objective test of basic medical knowledge, simulations to assess intellectual skills in problem solving, a clinical skills examination with written standards to help the evaluator make discriminations between levels of performance, and a criterion referenced rating scale to assess professional habits and attitudes. The progress of the classes of 1979 and 1980 toward achievement of predetermined levels of mastery is presented. PMID- 7241558 TI - Motivating the student in the psychiatry clerkship. AB - A study of student attitudes toward learning and their responses to instructional variables during clinical teaching suggests that a students' motivation to learn can be significantly enhanced by attention to the context in which instruction occurs. Beginning from the premises that the primary goal of teaching should be the encouragement of the learning process rather than the transmission of knowledge and that learning will be encouraged to the extent that it is consistent with the student's personal interests provides a foundation upon which a highly motivating curriculum can be constructed. This approach has specific implications for the design of psychiatry clerkships and in particular for the concepts of relevance, responsibility, and assessment in the clerkship setting. PMID- 7241559 TI - Geographic region, size, and program type in family practice residencies. PMID- 7241560 TI - A model for medical care in underserved areas. PMID- 7241561 TI - Small group/seminar format for teaching behavioral sciences. PMID- 7241562 TI - Dissemination of an innovative technical therapy through an evaluated practical workshop using live patient simulators. PMID- 7241563 TI - Patient case mix: implications for medical education and hospital costs. PMID- 7241564 TI - Acetylcholine receptor antibody synthesis in lymphocyte cultures. AB - The synthesis of immunoglobulin and acetylcholine receptor antibody by lymphocytes extracted from the peripheral blood and thymus of patients with myasthenia gravis was investigated using the Marbrook culture system. Small amounts of immunoglobulin were synthesised by thymic lymphocytes cultured in medium without mitogen for 14 days and acetylcholine receptor antibody activity was detectable in cultures from 3 out of 5 patients with thymic hyperplasia. Addition of Pokeweed mitogen to the cultures increased both IgG and acetylcholine receptor antibody synthesis and under these conditions receptor antibody activity was detectable in all 5 thymic lymphocyte cultures studied. Peripheral blood lymphocytes also produced small amounts of IgG when cultured in the absence of mitogen but acetylcholine receptor antibody levels were undetectable. In the presence of Pokeweed mitogen, however, peripheral blood lymphocytes synthesised increased amounts of IgG and acetylcholine receptor antibody activity was detectable in cultures of lymphocytes from 3 out of 4 patients. The amount of acetylcholine receptor antibody per microgram IgG, the specific activity, was greater in cultures of thymic lymphocytes than the specific activity of IgG in serum, suggesting that the hyperplastic thymus may be a major site of acetylcholine receptor antibody synthesis. Therefore it should be possible to use the culture system described to investigate the processes involved in the breakdown of self-tolerance in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7241565 TI - Lymphocyte transformation to Legionella pneumophila. AB - Lymphocytes from seventeen subjects with previously diagnosed Legionnaires' disease and 63 subjects without a history of Legionellosis were studied in a transformation assay with a crude extract of Legionella pneumophila. In the lymphocyte transformation assay the mean stimulation index was 48+/-14 in the Legionnaires' disease group and 18+/-13 (p less than 0.001) in the control group. Endotoxin from Escherichia coli did not stimulate the cultures. Extracts from multiple other gram negative bacilli had minimal stimulation which was similar in lymphocytes from both groups. Lymphocytes from 2/3 of the subjects without a history of Legionellosis had increased incorporation of radionucleotide over background when incubated with the crude extract of L. pneumophila indicating that these subjects may have been exposed to L. pneumophila in the past and may be immune to Legionnaires' disease. This may help explain the very low attack rate (1.6-3.4%) in epidemics. PMID- 7241566 TI - Genes determining autoimmune disease in New Zealand mice. AB - The genetic basis of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in NZB mice has been investigated using crosses and backcrosses with the NZC strain. These mating combinations reveal two dominant or co-dominant genes governing occurrence of the disorder. One of these, Aia-2, is common to both the NZB and the NZC strains. The other gene, Aia-1, is peculiar to the NZB strain and is linked to the b (black/brown) coat colour locus on chromosome 4. The cross-over value of 37+/-4% places this gene in the neighbourhood of the minor histocompatibility locus H-18, provided it is on the same side of the b locus. Previously, we have obtained evidence that the lupus nephritis of the (NZB X NZW)F(1) mice is determined by three dominant or co-dominant genes, Lpn-1, Lpn-2 and Lpn-3. Lpn-2 appears to be tightly linked to the H-2 complex, Lpn-1 has a cross-over frequency of 33+/-3% with H-2 placing it in the neighbourhood of a hybrid histocompatibility (Hh) locus on chromosome 17, and Lpn-3 is on a separate, unknown chromosome. In this paper we present data from an out-cross study between (NZW X NZC)F(1) and NZB mice, which indicate that Lpn-3 is not linked to Igh-C and is therefore not an immunoglobulin heavy chain V gene. Whilst it remains possible that Lpn-3 is a kappa or lambda light chain V gene and that Aia-2 is a V gene, Lpn-1 and Aia-1 are clearly not H or kappa V genes, nor are they in the major histocompatibility gene complex. Their apparent association with the Hh and H-18 loci suggests that they may be genes coding for minor histocompatibility loci. Such genes could influence immune response repertoire, and hence genetic predisposition to autoimmune disease, through the clonal deletion and paratope-idiotope network reactions which we have postulated to be the mechanisms mediating the effect of the major histocompatibility antigen genes. PMID- 7241567 TI - Portacaval shunt and hyperglobulinaemia in the rat-the effect of 80% small bowel resection. PMID- 7241570 TI - Microtubule function in leukocytes from umbilical cord blood. AB - Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes from umbilical cord blood had a normal distribution of concanavalin A receptors on their surfaces and do not show an abnormal sensitivity to the microtubule disrupting drug colchicine. These experiments suggest that leukocytes from umbilical cord blood do not show any developmental deficiency of the microtubule system. PMID- 7241568 TI - Reproducibility of leucocyte migration from agarose microdroplets. AB - The 18-hour migration of leucocytes from 31 healthy persons was measured in 33 experiments by the agarose microdroplet method using 15-26 replicate droplets in separate culture wells in each experiment. A comparison of the measurement of the migration of leucocytes by a formula derived from two diameters of the droplets and by planimetry of the projected image of droplets, demonstrated the same wide range of coefficients of variation for the two methods and therefore no important difference in their accuracy. In using a ratio, the migration index, to express the size of differences between experimental groups of cultures, the correct choice of cut-off value demands knowledge of the distribution of that ratio amongst cultures no inhibited by the inclusion of "antigen" or other agent. This could not be ascertained from the observed data because of the practical limitation on the number of samples obtainable in each test. A computer simulation of the sampling process was used to determine this distribution and to evaluate statistical cut-off points. The size of the sample required for conventional degrees of accuracy is shown to vary according to the size of the mean migration area and its standard deviation in unstimulated control cultures. In the study 25/33 (76%) experiments would have been adequately assessed if 30 replicates had been used in every case; if 5 replicates had been used only 2/33 (6%) experiments would have been controlled. In the literature upon leucocyte migration, only 3 or 4 replicates of the control and test cultures are generally described and a cut-off migration index of 0.8 is usually accepted arbitrarily. Our observations indicate that this is an inefficient way of assessing data in such a variable system. PMID- 7241569 TI - Variability of in vitro migration of human leucocytes. AB - A comparison of the capillary method (CM) and the agarose microdroplet method (AMM), using the same materials, for measurement of human leucocyte migration in vitro yielded similar large degrees of variability. Between fifteen and twenty six replicate cultures were established for each method in fourteen subjects The range of the coefficients of variation were .7-28.8% (CM) and 7.2-19.3% AMM). Most of 115 publications reviewed describe only three or four replicates. Their results relating to host responses in the fields of cancer, tissue transplantation and several chronic diseases should be interpreted with regard to the variability of the system. The use of human leucocyte migration in vitro for any purpose should incorporate more stringent statistical control of sample size than has been customary. The use of two standard statistical formulae is proposed as this control. PMID- 7241571 TI - DiO-C3-(5) and DiS-C3-(5): Interactions with RBC, ghosts and phospholipid vesicles. AB - The experiments presented below compare the interaction of diO-C3-(5) and diS-C3 (5) with erythrocytes, erythrocyte ghosts and phospholipid vesicles derived from erythrocyte membranes. The results confirm earlier reports of diS-C3-(5) dimerization in the presence of hemoglobin and of dye aggregate formation in erythrocyte suspensions. DiO-C3-(5), on the other hand, binds to vesicles and ghosts freed of hemoglobin in a potential-dependent manner but without forming dye aggregates. The two dyes bind to the different preparations in similar proportions, but diS-C3-(5) is bound in amounts 3-40 times greater depending on the degree of polarization. The results show that mechanism other than binding to hemoglobin must occur in order to explain the potential-dependent binding of both dyes to ghosts and vesicles. A primary interaction must exist between the dye molecule and the lipid bilayer in a biological membrane, and this would be expected to occur in the presence of hemoglobin or other cytosolic components. DiO-C3-(5) is a better dye to use than diS-C3-(5) for mechanistic studies, in order to avoid problems associated with formation of complex aggregates of the latter dye, especially in hyperpolarized membrane suspensions. PMID- 7241572 TI - Transepithelial transport in cell culture: D-glucose transport by a pig kidney cell line (LLC-PK1). AB - The pig kidney cell line LLC-PK1 cultured on a collagen coated membrane filter formed a continuous sheet of oriented asymmetrical epithelial cells joined by occluding junctions. A transepithelial electrical potential (PD) and short circuit current (SCC) were dependent on the presence of Na and sugar in the apical bathing solution. In the presence of 5.5 mM D-glucose, a PD of 2.8 mV. apical surface negative a SCC of 13 microA cm-2 and transepithelial resistance of 211 ohm.cm2 were recorded. The SCC was promptly reduced by the addition of phlorizin to the apical bath but unaffected when placed in the basolateral bath. The effect on SCC of various sugars was compared by the concentrations required for half-maximal SCC: 0.13 mM beta-methyl-D-glucoside, 0.28 mM D-glucose, 0.65 mM alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, 0.77 mM 6-deoxy-D-glucose, 4.8 mM D-galactose, and 29 mM 3-O-methyl-glucose. When [Na] was reduced, the concentration of D-glucose required for half-maximal SCC increase. Isotopically labeled 3H and 14C D-glucose were used to simultaneously determine bidirectional fluxes; a resultant net apical-to-basolateral transport was present and abolished by phlorizin. The transported isotope cochromatographed with labeled D-glucose, indicating negligible metabolism of transported glucose. The pig kidney cell line, LLC-PK1, provides a cell culture model for the investigation of mechanisms of transepithelial glucose transport. PMID- 7241573 TI - Evidence for two separated Ca2+ pathways in smooth muscle plasmalemma. AB - The activation of rabbit aortic smooth muscle was studied by two most widely used vascular smooth muscle stimulants: alpha-adrenoceptor activation by norepinephrine (NE) and high-K+ depolarization. This was studied by measurements of isometric contractions and net as well as unidirectional Ca2+ fluxes. These parameters showed markedly differential sensitivities towards tow smooth muscle inhibitors used in this study: D600 and amrinone. By choosing an appropriate concentration of D600 or amrinone, Ca2+ uptake or Ca2+ influx induced by high K+ or NE could by selectively inhibited. Furthermore, by using unidirectional flux measurements it was demonstrated that Ca2+ influx stimulated by NE and high K+ were additive in nature. The data from the addivity experiment exclude the interpretation of a common Ca2+ pathway with two separate mechanisms for opening it. The data on three criteria employed in this study provide evidence for the existence of two independent Ca2+ pathways, one for each mode of activation, for Ca2+ influx known to be associated with these contractions. PMID- 7241574 TI - Weak-acid transport in the small intestine: discrimination in the lamina propria. AB - Studies on the intestinal transport of weak acids suggest that the subepithelial tissues exhibit a modest, but significant, ability to discriminate between the ionized and nonionized forms. This suggestion has been tested directly in experiments using an in vitro preparation of rat small intestine from which the epithelial cells were removed, but in which the structural and functional integrity of the subepithelial tissues was maintained. Studies on the effects of potential difference on the fluxes of weak acids in this preparation showed that the ratio of permeabilities for the ionized and nonionized species (Pi/Pni) was indeed less than one, and of a magnitude comparable to the value suggested by analysis of transport in the intact tissue. (Pi/Pni) for the subepithelial tissue decreased as pH was increased, and the discriminatory properties of the tissue were abolished [(Pi/Pni)=1] on treatment with the cationic macromolecule polyethyleneimine (PEI). These observations suggested that the discriminatory properties of the subepithelial tissues were determined by fixed anionic sites, and morphological studies with PEI indicated that such sites were concentrated in the region of the basement membrane. PMID- 7241575 TI - Influence of enzymatic phospholipid cleavage on the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane: III. Discrimination between the causal role of split products and of lecithin removal. AB - Cleavage of 55% of the lecithin in intact human erythrocytes by phospholipase A2 (bee venom) markedly inhibits the mediated transport of L-lactate (via the monocarboxylate carrier) and of L-arabinose (via the monosaccharide carrier), while the major anion exchange system (probed by oxalate) and diffusion via the lipid domain (probed by erythritol) remain essentially unaltered. the causal role of the split products, unsaturated fatty acids and saturated lysolecithin, and of lecithin removal were now studied by sequential extraction of split products with serum albumin and by their controlled insertion into normal membranes. Careful choice of the albumin-to-cell ration allowed the extraction of more than 95% or the fatty acids and up to 80% of the lysolecithin without hemolysis. Extraction of fatty acids abolished inhibition of lactate and arabinose transfer, but induced inhibition of anion exchange and translipid permeation. Subsequent extraction of lysolecithin produced no further effects except on lactate transfer, which was inhibited. Exogenous oleic and linoleic acid, at intramembrane concentrations equal to those produced by phospholipase A2, inhibit lactate and arabinose transfer, while accelerating oxalate and erythritol movements, in agreement with effects of endogenous fatty acids. Exogenous lysolecithin inhibits all mediated transfer processes but does not alter translipid permeation. This pattern differs from that obtained for endogenous lysolecithin. The action of exogenous lysolecithin can be suppressed by loading of the cells with cholesterol. Insertion of exogenous lysolecithin into cells depleted of endogenous lysolecithin does not restore the functional state before depletion, indicating that exogenous and endogenous lysolecithin may act differently. PMID- 7241578 TI - Comments on "the role of electrogenic pump in Chara corallina". PMID- 7241576 TI - Ion transport in 'tight' epithelial monolayers of MDCK cells. AB - Cultured monolayers of MDCK cells grown upon filter supports display many features of in vivo epithelia. Previously reported values of transmonolayer resistance of 100 omega cm-2 (Misfeldt, Hamamoto & Pitelka, 1976; Cereijido, Robbins, Dolan, Rotunno & Sabatini, 1978) indicate a leaky epithelium. This paper describes the properties of a strain of MDCK cells which displays entirely different electrophysiological properties. The results show that (i) the mean transmonolayer resistance is 4.16 k omega cm-2, (ii) transmonolayer ion transport is of small magnitude since the mean spontaneous open circuit PD is only 2.17 mV basal surface positive and isotopic Na and Cl flux measurements fail to demonstrate a significant net flux, (iii) the action of ouabain, amiloride and ion substitutions are consistent with transmonolayer net Na movement being largely responsible for the spontaneous PD, and (iv) asymmetry in the localization of the Na-K ATPase is evident on the basis of 3H-ouabain binding to cell monolayer. PMID- 7241580 TI - The conventional short-circuiting technique under-short-circuits most epithelia. AB - The relationships among ion current, membrane potential difference, and resistance of an epithelium are studied. The short-circuit technique introduced by Ussing and Zerahn does not completely short circuit the epithelium if the series resistance parallel to the cell layer between the voltage electrodes is not properly compensated. The residual potential difference across the epithelial cell layer in the "short-circuit state" is proportional to both the measured short-circuited small intestinal mucosa the villus and crypt areas are hypo polarized to different degrees rather than simultaneously hyper- and hypo polarized. Short-circuiting the whole tissue reduces but does not abolish the passive net ion movement across the tissue. Measurements of the electrical properties of the whole and denuded rat distal small intestine in HCO3-Ringer solution containing 10 mM glucose reveal that the measured short-circuit current has under-estimated approximately 33% of the true short-circuit current and that the passive net Na flux from serosa to mucosa and Cl flux from mucosa to serosa are not negligible in the "short circuit state." PMID- 7241577 TI - Calcium- and magnesium-induced fusion of mixed phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine vesicles: effect of ion binding. AB - The aggregation, leakage, and fusion of pure PS (phosphatidylserine) and mixed PS/PC (phosphatidylcholine) sonicated vesicles were studied by light scattering, the release of encapsulated carboxyfluorescein, and a new fusion assay which monitors the mixing of the internal compartments of fusing vesicles. On a time scale of 1 min the extent of fusion was considerably greater than leakage. The Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations required to induce fusion increased when the PS content of the vesicles was decreased, and/or when the NaCl concentration was increased. Calculations employing a modified Gouy-Chapman equation and experimentally determined intrinsic binding constants of Na+ and Ca2+ to PS were shown to predict correctly the amount of Ca2+ bound in mixed PS/PC vesicles. For vesicles composed of either pure PS or of mixtures with PC in 100 mM NaCl (4:1 and 2:1 PS/PC); the induction of fusion (on a time scale of minutes) occurred when the amount of Ca or Mg bound/PS molecule exceeded 0.35-0.39. The induction of fusion for both pure PS and PS/PC mixed vesicles (with PS exceeding 50%) can be explained by assuming that destabilization of these vesicles requires a critical binding ratio of divalent cations to PS. PMID- 7241579 TI - Structure of the squid axon membrane as derived from charge-pulse relaxation studies in the presence of absorbed lipophilic ions. PMID- 7241581 TI - Mechanisms of cation permeation across apical cell membrane of Necturus gallbladder: effects of luminal pH and divalent cations on K+ and Na+ permeability. AB - Conventional microelectrode techniques were combined with unilateral mucosal ionic substitutions to determine the effects of luminal pH and luminal alkali earth cation concentrations on apical membrane cation permeability in Necturus gallbladder epithelium. Acidification of the mucosal solution caused reversible depolarization of both cell membranes and increase of transepithelial resistance. Low pH media also caused: (a) reduction of the apical membrane depolarization induced by high K, and (b) increase of the apical membrane hyperpolarization produced by Na replacement with Li or N-Methyl-D-glucamine. These results, in conjunction with estimates of cell membrane conductances, indicate that acidification of the luminal solution produces a reduction of apical membrane K permeability (PK). Addition of alkali earth cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, or Ba2+) produced cell membrane depolarization, increase of relative resistance of the luminal membrane and reduction of the apical membrane potential change produced by a high-K mucosal medium. These results, as those produced by low pH, can be explained by a reduction of apical membrane PK. The effects of Ba2+ on membrane potential and relative apical membrane PK were larger than those of all other four cations at all concentrations tested (1-10 mM). The effect of Sr2+ was significantly larger than those of Mg2+ and Ca2+ at 10 mM, but not different at 5 mM. The reduction of PK produced by mucosal acidification appears to be mediated by: (a) nonspecific titration of membrane fixed negative charges, and (b) an effect of luminal proton activity on the apical K channel. Divalent cations reduce apical membrane PK probably by screening negative surface charges. The larger magnitude of the effects of Ba2+ and Sr2+ can be explained by binding to membrane sites, in the surface or in the K channel, in addition to their screening effect. We suggest that the action of luminal pH on K secretion in some segments of the renal tubule could be mediated in part by this pH-dependent K permeability of the luminal membrane. PMID- 7241582 TI - Sodium gradient- and sodium plus potassium gradient-dependent L-glutamate uptake in renal basolateral membrane vesicles. AB - A membrane preparation enriched in the basolateral segment of the plasma membrane was isolated from the rat renal cortex by a procedure that included separation of particulates on a self-generating Percoll gradient. The uptake of L-glutamate by the basolateral membrane vesicles was studied. A Na+ gradient (Na+]o greater than [Na+]i) stimulated the uptake of L-glutamate and provided the driving force for the uphill transport of the acidic amino acid, suggesting a Na+-L-glutamate cotransport system in the basolateral membrane. A K+ gradient ([K+]i greater than [K+]o) increased the uptake additionally. This effect was specific for K+(Rb+). The action of the K+ gradient in enhancing the uptake of L-glutamate had an absolute requirement for Na+. In the presence of Na+, but in the absence of a Na+ gradient. i.e., [Na+]o = [Na+]i, the K+ gradient also energized the concentrative uptake of L-glutamate. This effect of the K+ gradient was not attributable to an alteration in membrane potential. The finding of a concentrative uptake system for L-glutamate energized by both Na+ ([Na+]o greater than [Na+]i and K+ ([K+]o) gradients in the basolateral membrane, combined with previous reports of an ion gradient-dependent uphill transport system for this amino acid in the brush border membrane, suggests a mechanism by which L-glutamate is accumulated intracellularly in the renal proximal tubule to extraordinarily high concentrations. PMID- 7241583 TI - Determination of catecholamine permeability coefficients for passive diffusion across phospholipid vesicle membranes. AB - A convenient catecholamine transport assay has been developed which permits continuous, instantaneous monitoring of transmembrane flux. Epinephrine transport has been examined by spectrophotometrically monitoring adrenochrome formation resulting from the passive diffusion of catecholamine into unilamellar phospholipid vesicles containing entrapped potassium ferricyanide. Ferricyanide oxidation of epinephrine under the conditions employed is fast compared to membrane transport, which obviates the need for intravesicular concentration or volume determinations. Epinephrine transport data over a pH 6 to 7 range have been fitted to an integrated rate equation from which a permeability coefficient for neutral epinephrine of 2.7 1.5 X 10-6 cm/sec has been obtained. PMID- 7241584 TI - A case of proximal 14 trisomy with pathological findings. PMID- 7241585 TI - The composition of tuberous sclerosis grey matter. AB - The chemical analysis of grey matter from a tuberous sclerosis subject indicated the presence of two different types of grey matter based on two distinctly different ganglioside concentrations. Both samples had gangliosides of reduced concentration with an abnormal composition compared to normal grey matter as evidenced from their thin-layer chromatography profiles. Analyses of the glycoprotein fraction from both samples revealed increased glycoprotein content, particularly in total carbohydrate. This observation was consistent with previous studies of angiofibromas and angiomyolipomas. PMID- 7241587 TI - Prevention of incorrect responding for establishing instruction following behaviours. AB - A comparison of two techniques for teaching instruction-following to severely retarded children was the purpose of the present study. The design consisted of a cross-over design involving a cross-over of techniques for each of the three subjects. Within the experimental condition the instructions were presented by physically preventing the subject from making an incorrect response, that is, interrupting an incorrect movement. The results were in favour of the experimental condition in comparison with a trial-and-error approach. The data obtained in this investigation provide further evidence for the notion of errorless-discrimination learning. PMID- 7241586 TI - Organicity and mental retardation: analysis of eye and head movements. AB - Eye and head movements of ten mentally retarded (MR) children and ten normal school children were recorded. Each was directed to look to one side or the other in response to verbal commands, to gestural directions, or to the appearance of illuminated fixation targets. Under these conditions: 1. Large gaze movements of MR subjects were accompanied by head movements more frequently than those of the normal subjects. Furthermore, for similar gaze deviations, head movement of MR subjects tended to be larger than those of normal subjects. 2. Head movements of normal subjects rarely began before eye movement, but those of MR subjects often did so. This "abnormal" MR eye-head movement pattern was more frequent in response to verbal or gestural commands than in response elicited by illumination of fixation targets. PMID- 7241589 TI - Photographic defocusing: a means to render recognizable line traced models of negatively stained biological specimens. AB - A simple method of obtaining analogue images from traced models of biological specimens is presented. It consists of the photographic defocusing of traced models and it is illustrated with negatively stained cylindrical forms of the ASFV; the black lines of the trace in the model correspond to the negative stain surrounding the viral morphological subunits as seen in the electron micrograph. The photographic defocusing is the means by which the traced model is filtered and is used to introduce grey levels on an otherwise black and white image. The right amount of defocusing is attained when the width of the trace of the model equals the width of the rim of the negative stain appearing between the morphological subunits in the electron micrograph. PMID- 7241588 TI - Mentally handicapped adolescents: their use of leisure. AB - An investigation into national provision for leisure-time activities for severely mentally handicapped adolescents and a survey of 214 families yielded the information that although national provision appeared to be reasonably comprehensive, this was not reflected in the restricted use of leisure locally. The young people involved in the survey mainly participated in solitary, passive activities which were family orientated with the exception of attendance at Special clubs. It is suggested that the following factors contribute to this present state of affairs: Firstly, the attitude of patients who have so fully accepted their role as sole providers of care and recreation that they are unaware of the long-term consequences or "problems" in this area; Secondly, it is suggested that the lack of local friendships outside the school environment restricts the development of social activities; Thirdly, that lack of basic skills further restricts the choice of activities open to these young people. PMID- 7241591 TI - Lung cancer update and clinical review. PMID- 7241593 TI - Radiologic seminar CCXIV: contrast reactions. PMID- 7241594 TI - A view of the legislative process. PMID- 7241592 TI - Medical management of the menopause. PMID- 7241595 TI - Effect of bone strain on cortical bone structure in macaques (Macaca mulatta). AB - It has recently been shown that the consistency of food significantly affects levels of bone strain in the mandible during mastication (Hylander, '79a). Mandibular bone histology was examined to test the effects of a diet of hard food compared to a diet of soft food in two groups of monkeys. One group of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was fed a diet of commercially prepared hard biscuits. The second group was fed a soft diet the consistency of fudge. Both diets were nutritionally adequate for normal growth and development. As a control for other factors influencing cortical bone structure, fibular morphology was also examined. At the end of the test period, mandibular and fibular tissue samples from the two groups were prepared to determine the amount of secondary Haversian bone present. Mandibular depth at M2 and fibular anteroposterior diameter were also measured and compared between the two dietary groups. The soft-diet monkeys showed low levels of remodeling in their mandibles. There were large patches of unremodeled bone and resorption spaces were common. The hard-diet monkeys exhibited more extensive evidence of secondary Haversian remodeling in their mandibles. The hard-diet monkeys also had deeper mandibles. In contrast, the fibulae from the two groups had similar mean diameters and showed comparable levels of secondary remodeling. We infer that the higher mandibular bone remodeling levels in the hard-diet monkeys represent an adaptive response to remove and replace fatigued mandibular bone due to higher stress levels associated with the ingestion and mastication of hard foods. We also infer that greater depth of the mandible at M2 found in the hard-diet group represents an adaptive response to higher stress levels associated with the ingestion and mastication of hard foods. PMID- 7241596 TI - Vasculogenesis of the bursa cloacalis (bursa of Fabricius) of the chick embryo. AB - Vasculogenesis of the bursa cloacalis (bursa of Fabricius) was examined i 10- to 21-day chick embryos and in chicks during the first 5 days post-hatching. The entire circulatory system was injected with India ink, and the bursae were then removed and either cleared for examination in toto or sectioned serially. The bursa was supplied by three pairs of extrinsic blood vessels. At 10 and 11 days of incubation, most intrinsic vessels were arranged in a superficial, hexagonal network. In regions of developing plicae, the hexagonal plexus extended into the core of each plica, forming middle plical vessels. The latter were interconnected across interplical areas by cross-connecting vessels. The middle plical vessels gave rise to small capillary offshoots, which soon increased in complexity, forming delicate loops. Branches extended from these loops through the subepithelial lamina propria to incipient epithelial buds by 12 days of incubation. All epithelial buds were supplied by at least one such branch, and similar branches extended to the basal aspect of the epithelium in areas where epithelial buds had not yet formed. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that blood vessels induce formation of epithelial buds. At about 15 days of incubation, the cortex and medulla of each developing lymphatic follicle were defined clearly, and an intricate, web-like, capillary network coursed throughout the follicular cortex. The medulla appeared to be devoid of capillaries. The diameters of all intrinsic and extrinsic bursal blood vessels gradually increased throughout development. During post-hatching stages, the diameters of the extrinsic vessels continued to increase, whereas those of the intrinsic vessels were markedly decreased from late pre-hatching stages. PMID- 7241590 TI - Photoelectron microscopy of cell surface topography. AB - Photoelectron micrographs of gold-palladium coated mouse 3T3 cells and chick embryo fibroblasts are presented. Since the gold-palladium suppresses differences in work function, the cell morphology seen in these micrographs is due to relief contrast. The heights of comparable cells were measured from the parallax present in transmission electron micrograph stereo-pairs of cell surface replicas. The origin of relief contrast and the effect of cell surface relief on the working depth of field in photoelectron images of cells are discussed. The micrographs demonstrate that photoelectron microscopy is very sensitive to fine details of cell surface topography, and that the working depth of field is not a limiting factor in the imaging of well-spread tissue culture cells. PMID- 7241597 TI - The effects of cold-stress. Hibernation, and prolonged inactivity on bone dynamics in the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. AB - The effects of cold-stress and hibernation on bone dynamics in the femurs of hamsters were investigated using histometric analyses. Control animals were maintained at 27 degrees C for 90 days; experimental animals were kept at 5 degrees C and hibernated for 7, 15, 21, 50, or 90 days. Histometric analyses of cross sections indicated that bone diameter and cortical thickness at the femoral midshaft increased after 83 days of extreme cold and 7 days of hibernation but decreased significantly after 69 days of cold stress and 21 days of hibernation. Osteoporosis was evident although the number of osteons per unit area of bone increased during hibernation. An initial decrease in the number of non-Haversian longitudinal vessels per unit area of bone was seen in experimental animals which was apparently related to a corresponding reduction in cortical thickness. Lacunar area increased in these animals, suggesting that osteocytic osteolysis may be a significant mechanism for calcium regulation during hibernation. PMID- 7241598 TI - A scanning electron microscopic study of the developing epithelial scleral papillae in the eye of the embryonic chick. AB - Eyes of early embryonic chicks possess 14 scleral papillae, derived from the conjunctival epithelium and present as transient structures between seven and 11 days of incubation. These papillae induce the formation of the 14 scleral ossicles, which develop in the adjacent, neural crest-derived ectomesenchyme. Each papilla undergoes a predictable series of developmental changes, divided by Murray ('43) into six morphological stages (M stages 1-6). We have confirmed his staging, and provide a scanning electron microscopic (SEM) evaluation of papilla development. The earliest stage that can be visualized with the S.E.M. is M stage 2. We describe the initial modifications of the surface of papilla cells, the presence of large microvilli and the asymmetrical morphogenesis and growth of the papillae. Papillae are shed by a mechanism that involves elongation of the cells at the base of the papilla. Such moribund papillae consist of necrotic cells coated with fibers. PMID- 7241599 TI - Morphogenesis of the hereditary microphthalmia in a new strain of rat. AB - Morphogenesis of the eye was studied in a new strain of microphthalmic rat. Abnormalities were noted immediately after the formation of the optic cup. The inner layer in the central part of the optic cup was relatively thick and contained many mitotic figures, whereas that of the marginal part was thin and contained only a few. The transitional point in the inner layer between the central and the marginal parts was well marked. This is evidently due to the extreme growth inhibition of the inner layer at the marginal part. At the early developmental stage, an area of the inner layer corresponding to the transitional point protruded toward the lens because the central part of the inner layer continued to differentiate. The differentiation and the protrusion of the inner layer proceeded variably at the later stages depending on the degree of the growth inhibition. The eyes were classified into three groups: Group A-the retina was recognized as a cyst consisting of the pigment layer and the pigment layerlike structure which originated from the inner layer; group B-the neural retina and its layered structure were inverted; group C-abnormalities, such as the destruction of the lens, were observed. Although previous authors who studied eye mutants suggested the vascular abnormality as the primary cause of the production of abnormal eyes, we feel that this is not the case in our animals. PMID- 7241600 TI - Embryonic stages of Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler) during maternal incubation and comparison of development with that of other egg-brooding hylid frogs. AB - A table of development (25 stages) for the period of incubation in the pouch was constructed for Gastrotheca riobambae; it can be used to stage embryos of other egg-brooding hylids. Analysis of embryonic weights during incubation shows that the mother does not contribute nutrients, but gases and other factors are probably exchanged between mother and embryos. According to species, incubation on the back of the mother is carried to the froglet or to the tadpole stages. Development in these hylids is characterized by specialized gills, the bell gills derived from the brachial arches. In some species, the bell gills derive from the first branchial arch and cover less than 50% of the embryo, while in others, the bell gills come from both branchial arches I and II and cover from less than 50% to 100% of the embryo. The most complex bell gills derive from the fusion of the two branchial arches. The majority of egg-brooding hylids live in tropical forests and carry development to the froglet stage. Tadpoles are produced by species of Flectonotus, Fritziana, and Gastrotheca. Tadpole-producing species of Gastrotheca have the most complex reproductive adaptations among egg-brooding hylids Acceleration and retardation in development seem to have played important roles in the evolution of these frogs. The evolutionary trend has been toward direct development, i.e., disappearance of the free-living larval stages through maternal incubation, and later to a recovery of the free-living tadpole stages in species of Gastrotheca with the most complex reproductive adaptations. PMID- 7241602 TI - Morphological investigation into functions of the jaw symphysis in carnivorans. AB - The hemimandibles in carnivorans may be united in various ways at the symphysis menti. The symphysis may contain a readily flexible joint that permits a moderate amount of independent movement of the hemimandibles. This type of symphyseal union is primitive for and widely distributed in extant carnivorans. In other carnivorans, the symphysis is patent but allows slight or essentially no independent movement of the hemimandibles. Finally, the hemimandibles may be rigidly united by synostosis of the symphysis. The morphology, movement and, insofar as possible, function of these types of symphyses are described. PMID- 7241601 TI - Characteristics of gonads and oviducts in hatchlings and young of Chelydra serpentina resulting from three incubation temperatures. AB - Eggs of Chelydra serpentina were incubated at 30 degrees C and 26 degrees C. In addition, incubation was done at 20 degree C during the temperature-sensitive period for sex determination. Incubation at 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C resulted in females; incubation at 26 degrees C resulted in males in 99% of the cases. The average gonadal length was less in the males. The average length of the 20 degree C ovaries did not vary significantly from that of the 30 degrees C ovaries. The condition of the oviducts was correlated with histology of the gonads in hatchlings and in 3-month-old animals. When at least one of the oviducts was obvious and intact, ovaries were present. If the oviducts were absent or interrupted, testes were present. Histological characteristics of the gonads resulting from the three incubation temperatures are described. In the 26 degree C testes, cellular infiltrations occurred frequently. The ovaries of 20 degrees C hatchlings tended to have a less developed germinal epithelium than that of the 30 degrees C animals. Also, epithelial cysts occurred frequently in the 20 degrees C ovaries. The incidence of follicles at 3 months was not differential. PMID- 7241603 TI - A stereological analysis of capillaries in normal and hypertrophic muscle. AB - A realistic model of the distribution of the partially orientated capillaries in skeletal muscles has been introduced for stereological analyses. Distributional parameters not previously estimated for capillary networks in muscles have been quantified. These include the lengths of capillary per unit volume of tissue ((L(v)) and a dimensionless index of orientation (omega). The present study demonstrates that surgical techniques for inducing skeletal muscle hypertrophy can be an effective stimulus for the proliferation of additional capillaries. In the hypertrophic muscles studied the capillaries become more highly orientated. This suggests that the growth of new capillaries occurs preferentially along the long axis of the muscle. PMID- 7241604 TI - Allometric analysis of the morphometric pulmonary diffusing capacity in dogs. AB - The lung volume, the morphometrically determined alveolar and capillary surface area, and the capillary volume of 27 dogs (weight 2.65-57 kg) all were linearly correlated with body weight. The thickness of the air-blood barrier increased only slightly with increasing body size. The structural diffusing capacity, containing these parameters, was used to estimate the gas exchange capabilities of the lung and was also found to scale in direct proportion to body size. This coincides with reports on physiologically estimated diffusing capacity but is obviously different from the interspecies slope for metabolism which scales to the 3/4 power of body weight. PMID- 7241605 TI - The digging behavior and skin differentiations in Heterocephalus glaber. AB - The topography and histology of the skin of the naked mole (Heterocephalus glaber) have been correlated with its behavior. The integument is exceptionally loose, thereby reducing integumentary stresses when the animal is digging and moving in narrow tunnels. It also allows the position of the nasolabial sensory patch to change. This patch is exposed to mechanical stimuli when Heterocephalus moves along the tunnel, but becomes partially shielded by a transient buccal evagination, the formation and function of which are here described. Most of the differentiated patches of the skin lie in the cranial and anogenital regions. The eyes are microphthalmic and nearly completely closed by the nonmobile eyelids; there is no pinna, hair-coat or sweat glands. The epidermis is of variable thickness; in some places it has only one layer of cells. The detached epidermal cells penetrate the dermis irregularly. The epidermis of Heterocephalus is specialized by modifications of its germinative stratum, equivalent to an epidermosis, the syndrome of which consists of reduction of all types of epidermal buddings-pilogenetic and adenogenetic-as well as those which have a mechanical significance. PMID- 7241606 TI - Autonomic innervation of salivary glands in the armadillo, anteater, and sloth (Edentata). AB - The intraglandular distribution of adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers was studied histochemically in the parotid, mandibular, and sublingual glands of six species of edentates belonging to the three families that comprise the order; namely the Dasypodidae (armadillos), the Myrmecophagidae (anteaters), and the Bradipodidae (sloths). The following histochemical techniques were used: (a) acetylcholinesterase reaction for the demonstration of cholinergic fibers; (b) formaldehyde- and glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence for the demonstration of adrenergic fibers. In addition, norepinephrine (NE) was assayed fluorimetrically in the mandibular and parotid glands of the armadillo. A network of acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibers surrounds the intra- and interlobular ducts and endpieces of all glands; it is of low density in the mandibular and sublingual gland of the sloth, of high density in the sublingual gland of the anteater and of moderate density in the remaining glands. A vascular cholinergic innervation occurs in all salivary glands. Although present around the vessels, adrenergic new fibers were virtually absent from the parenchyma of all glands, even after in vitro incubation of glandular tissue with NE or after administration of NE to armadillos previously treated with a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Consistent with this fact, the amount of NE present in the parotid and mandibular gland of the armadillo was extremely low. These findings may indicate that the salivary secretion in the edentates is regulated by the parasympathetic rather than by the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 7241607 TI - Early ultrastructural changes of developing oocytes in the dog. AB - Many aspects of the developmental stages of the oocytes of the dog resemble those of other mammalian species. The oocytes of the dog, however, contains large amounts of lipid yolk material. A study of the ultrastructural morphology of early growth and maturation of dog oocytes was undertaken to clarify the nature and appearance of this yolk material. The lipid yolk first appears in early primary oocytes as aggregated dense bodies that gradually fill the ooplasm as the oocyte matures. The site of the yolk's initial appearance is consistently related to a single centriole and often to the lamellae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum that surrounds groups of forming lipid yolk bodies. Dense cortical granule-like vesicles are found to lie deep within the maturing oocyte and often are enclosed within the lamellar yolk space. Granules within this space undergo changes in size, matrix configuration, and vacuolization. These changes suggest a mechanism whereby material is added to the lipid yolk bodies. Light microscope histochemistry for lipid and polysaccharide material is described. PMID- 7241608 TI - Recruitment and production of black physicians in the seventies. PMID- 7241609 TI - Survival of black colleges from a dental perspective. AB - If we are to achieve health for all in the US by the year 2000, as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), we must consider dental health needs as a component of total health. The failure to address dental health needs has reached a crisis level, particularly in the black and underserved communities throughout the nation.The dental delivery system in the US requires a continuous upgrading of the quality of education received by the students who will be the deliverers of dental services, the dental educators, and the researchers of the future. In order to accomplish this, we must utilize fully the present academic system to assure access, quality, and availability of dental health care for all Americans now and in the future. PMID- 7241610 TI - Hallucinations and delusions in black psychiatric patients. AB - A higher incidence of hallucinations has been previously reported among blacks, as compared to whites, in both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric populations. In contrast to these reports, which relied on hospital records, the present study utilized standardized research rating scales, and confirmed the above observation among schizophrenic patients. Some blacks, irrespective of diagnosis, probably experience a variety of non-schizophrenic hallucinations, may lead to erroneous diagnoses of schizophrenia. Current ignorance regarding the content of hallucinations in normal and non-schizophrenic, and in schizophrenic blacks is a source of diagnostic confusion which may have dire consequences for many individuals. PMID- 7241611 TI - Management of isolated blunt duodenal injury. AB - Five cases of duodenal injuries were treated in our hospital between January 1, 1975 and June 18, 1979. They belonged to the Class II and early Class III of duodenal injuries. They were treated with simple closure of the perforation in a single or double layer with external drainage. Only in one case were gastrojejunostomy and bilateral vagotomy added because the patient had a history of ulcer disease. The delay in operative treatment ranged between five and 48 hours. All responded well to the surgical treatment. In the instance of the longest operative delay, a purulent drainage occurred and it responded promptly to a selective antibiotic therapy. The average hospitalization stay was nine days for the patients operated upon early, whereas it was 15 days for the two delayed cases. No mortality was recorded. PMID- 7241612 TI - A practical approach to assessing patient learning needs. AB - A practical approach for assessing patient education needs in the ambulatory care setting was developed, tested, and administered to 100 individuals with four non acute clinical problems. The approach allowed collection, with a single instrument, of a range of information pertinent to the management of a wide mix of disorders. Knowledge about diagnosis, medications, nonmedicinal procedures, emergency situations, and prognosis was collected as well as self-estimation of knowledge and personal information needs.While the assessment can be conducted by a physician, nurse, mid-level practitioner, or health educator in approximately five minutes, it can also be conducted in approximately ten minutes by other appropriately trained personnel. The information gained is useful to clinicians, health educators, and administrators. This practical approach to the assessment of patient learning needs is considered to have applicability for numerous conditions and a variety of clinical settings. The condensed patient learning needs assessment tool is provided (Table 1). PMID- 7241613 TI - Importance of myelography in early diagnosis of spinal epidural disease. AB - Epidural metastasis is potentially one of the most disabling complications encountered in oncology. Once paraplegia has been established, only one patient in ten responds to treatment. A series of 16 patients is presented in which early diagnosis and treatment led to improvement in 13 of 16 patients. Most patients present with pain for varying periods (mean 2.2 months) before neurological signs appear. Myelography alone establishes the diagnosis. Spinal radiography correlates well with the block level in two thirds of cases. Radiotherapy, alone or with steroids, increasingly is used in the management of this condition. PMID- 7241615 TI - Mycoplasmal pneumonia and adult respiratory distress syndrome: a complication to be recognized. AB - Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is usually a mild, self-limited disease. Complications are rare. A patient is presented with adult respiratory distress syndrome. Recognition of this unusual complication, presenting as a common disease syndrome, is emphasized. PMID- 7241614 TI - Extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma: a case report. AB - The potential of local radiotherapy with intraoperative electron beam irradiation and trans t-tube iridium(192) brachytherapy for the management of carcinoma of the extrahepatic ducts is illustrated by this case report. PMID- 7241616 TI - Aberrant positioning of mediastinal mass in air space disease. AB - A seven-year-old black male child presented to the District of Columbia General Hospital children's emergency room with a one-day history of wheezing. A chest x ray was obtained prior to admission to rule out foreign body or air space disease. The radiological evaluation was consistent with the clinical diagnosis of asthma. PMID- 7241617 TI - Sodium dependence of high affinity glutamic acid transport in cortical synaptosomes--a comparison of Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - The sodium dependence of high affinity glutamic acid transport has been studied in cortical synaptosomes from Sprague-Dawley rats and compared to previous studies with Long-Evans rats. Initial velocity of uptake was measured as a function of both glutamate and sodium concentration, and the data fitted to the rate equations for the same set of models that was utilized in the Long-Evans studies. The minimal best-fit model was found to be identical to that found previously for Long-Evans animals. Thus there are no fundamental differences in the basis of the sodium dependence of high affinity glutamate transport between the two groups. However, since the constants describing the best fit model are different for the two groups of animals, there are quantitative differences in the transport mechanism between the two groups. The rate equation for the minimal best-fit model permits certain functions to be defined in terms of dissociation and translocation constants, substrate, sodium, and total carrier concentrations. These functions were calculated and then utilized to demonstrate the quantitative differences in the transport mechanism in the two groups. PMID- 7241618 TI - A new antigen common to the rat nervous and immune systems: I. Detection with a hybridoma. AB - An antibody secreting cell line has been obtained using the technology developed by Milstein, Kohler, and colleagues by fusion between X63 myeloma cells and spleen cells from a mouse previously immunized with PC12 cultured rat pheochromocytoma cells. This antibody bound to particulate protein from adult rat brain and to a lesser extent spinal cord and retina but not adrenal. Lower levels of binding were observed also with spleen, bone marrow, and peritoneal exudate cells. Cells or particulate protein from seven nonneural, nonimmune tissues showed essentially no specific binding. Analysis of adherent and nonadherent peritoneal exudate cells indicated specific antibody binding to both populations. The specific antibody bound was greater in the on-adherent fraction. The antigen has been provisionally named G5 after the antibody secreting clone. Like the Thy 1 antigen of rodents, it is expressed by subpopulation of cells from the nervous and immune systems. However the antigen could not be detected on the PC12 cell line used for immunization suggesting that Balb/C mice spontaneously produce antibody to this rat differentiation antigen. PMID- 7241619 TI - A new antigen common to the rat nervous and immune systems: II. Molecular characterization. AB - G5-IgG is a monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to some cells and tissues of the adult rat nervous and immune systems. The molecular nature of the G5 antigen from adult rat brain is described in this paper. G5 antigen in adult rat brain membrane fractions was trypsin-sensitive and heat-labile but not chloroform/methanol-soluble. It was solubilized by the nonionic detergent NP40 but not by 3 M KCl. Detergent-soluble rat brain particulate protein inhibited G5 IgG binding to glutaraldehyde-fixed rat brain particulate protein. Inhibitory activity could be removed by prior incubation with concanavalin-A agarose beads. Immunoprecipitates of enzymatically iodinated, detergent-solubilized brain particulate protein gave a single band on polyacrylamide gels of apparent molecular weight 95,000--105,000 daltons. A band of identical molecular weight was visualized in gels of unlabeled immune precipitates by 125I-concanavalin A. These results strongly suggest that G5 is an integral membrane glycoprotein in adult rat brain. PMID- 7241621 TI - The effect of injections of dopaminergic agonists into the caudate nucleus on the electrocorticogram of the rat. AB - Electrocortical activity was recorded in encephale isole rats during injection of various dopaminergic compounds into the caudate nucleus. Slow waves and spindles were observed following injection of compounds with different mechanisms of action in stimulating the dopamine receptor. Some arylalkylamine analogues also induced similar electrocortical changes, whereas others were inactive. The possible dopamine agonist activities of these compounds are discussed. The results support an involvement of dopamine in the production of electrocortical slow waves and spindles. PMID- 7241620 TI - Purification of dihydropteridine reductase from human platelets. AB - Dihydropteridine reductase was purified approximately 1,700-fold from human outdated blood platelets. Two forms of the enzyme, A and B, were resolved. They have the same Km values for 2-amino-6,7,-dimethyl-4-hydroxydihydropteridine (46 microM vs 49 microM), but the A form has a Km for NADH that is two times higher than that of the B form (20 microM vs 9 microM). PMID- 7241622 TI - Effects of partial and complete vagal denervation on spontaneous ingestion and drinking induced with volemic and osmotic regulatory challenges. PMID- 7241623 TI - Human excretion behaviour in a schistosomiasis endemic area of the Geizira, Sudan. AB - A 12-month study of the excretory behaviour of resident and migrant labourers in Gezira, Sudan, was undertaken to contribute base-line information towards the development of a new control strategy. Of 398 observed acts of excretion 70% of urinations and 93% of defaecations occurred in sites far removed from any water body. After excretion only 31% people washed themselves (and only 7.1% actually washed their genital region directly into a water body). People excreting far from water were as likely to wash afterwards as those excreting near a water body. This finding contradicted previous expectations based on the hygienic precepts of Islam. The results show that privacy is a more important consideration than proximity of water in the selection of a site for excretion, and suggest that there is only limited regular contamination by S. mansoni eggs under the observed conditions. PMID- 7241624 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of venom-antibodies in human victims of snake bite. AB - The development, incidence, persistence, and significance of specific venom antibodies were studied in 357 human victims of snake bite in Nigeria using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Venom-antibody was not detected within 2 weeks of envenoming but was present within 2 months of the bite despite therapeutic antivenom being given. ELISA confirmed the medical importance of the carpet viper Echis carinatus in Nigeria but also showed that bites by other venomous species are more common than previously suspected. Venom-antibodies may wane with time but nevertheless were still present 40 years after the original envenoming. Clinical studies suggested that venom-antibody titres too low to be detected by ELISA may be boosted with further bites; and more importantly, homologous venom-antibody may afford significant protection against further envenoming. ELISA can help both in advancing the epidemiology of snake bite and in exploring the role of active immunization. PMID- 7241626 TI - The heart in enteric (typhoid) fever. AB - The status of cardiac involvement in cases of typhoid is variable and conflicting reports are available in literature. Cardiac involvement as assessed by electrocardiograms was present in 35 cases out of 294 cases of enteric (11.9%). These ranged from minor alterations to prolongation of P--R interval, Q--Tc interval and T wave changes as well as myocarditis. Rhythm disturbances were present in 12 cases. Electrocardiographic alterations bore a direct relationship to the severity of disease process, occurred at the height of illness and had a bearing on the prognosis. There was no relationship between electrolyte and enzyme alterations and ECG changes. Prognosis was poor in patients where the electrocardiographic alterations persisted and such cases usually proved fatal. PMID- 7241625 TI - Ultrasound and the monitoring of the medical treatment of hepatic hydatid disease. PMID- 7241627 TI - Mosquito records from the Republic of Niger, with reference to the construction of the new 'Trans-Sahara Highway'. AB - Construction of a new, fully-tarred 'Trans-Sahara Highway' from the coast of Algeria to Nigeria is well advanced. Information on the distribution of anopheline and culicine mosquitoes collected in Niger during a survey in August and September, 1979 is presented and discussed. Particular reference is made to the dangers of West African malaria vectors being transported north along the Highway as traffic increases. The vector species, Anopheles arabiensis, was found as far north as Agadez (17 degrees N). PMID- 7241630 TI - Cricopharyngeal myotomy. AB - Cricopharyngeal myotomy as an independent procedure has bee performed on 11 patients with a variety of neuromuscular disorders suffering from dysphagia localized to the neck. There was dramatic improvement in nine with one failure and one death from pre-existing pneumonia. The selection of patients for this operation is based on manometric studies. PMID- 7241631 TI - The "light reflex" tip-plasty-a new theory in tip esthetics and tip correction. AB - What makes a tip well defined, appealing, and natural looking is not only the gross shape, but also a certain pattern of linear light reflexes which correspond to the undulation of the surface. A study was carried out on a dozen individuals thought to have attractive nasal tips. Photographic and drawing techniques were used to analyze the linear pattern of the "light reflex" on the tip, and to determine the pattern of the surface configuration of an attractive tip. Next, the tip reduction in rhinoplasty was planned in such a way as to ensure that the cut edges of the remaining alar cartilage will reflect the light in the desired pattern, hence giving the visual illusion of a natural tip configuration. This new technique was tried on more than 50 patients over a period of three years. The long term follow-up was very satisfactory. PMID- 7241629 TI - Therapeutic results in 265 cases of laryngeal cancer. AB - Between January 1, 1970 and December 31, 1974, 265 patients were treated for laryngeal cancer at Hopital Notre-Dame, University of Montreal. Results have been studied according to initial stage and treatment. It seems that combined treatment significantly improves the survival rate in patients with T3 T4 lesions although distant metastasis appeared in 12.4 per cent of cases treated. There is a high incidence of distant metastasis in advanced lesions despite local control. PMID- 7241632 TI - The evolving attitude in Canada toward the management of chronic otitis media in the Inuit population. AB - The reasons for the high incidence of otitis media in the Inuit population are described. The disorder seems to be related to socio-economic conditions including the adoption of many Caucasian habits such as overcrowded housing and bottle feeding. The relative merits of improving socio-economic conditions combined with medical treatment, and of medical treatment alone, and surgical treatment are outlined. PMID- 7241633 TI - A study of congenital nystagmus: vestibular nystagmus. AB - The vestibulo-ocular response (VOR) to rotatory stimuli was studied by electro oculography in 41 patients with congenital nystagmus. The pattern of the VOR and the gain of the slow component velocity (peak eye velocity/peak chair velocity) were normal in 55 per cent of the patients. In 10 per cent of patients an abnormal pattern of the VOR in which the eyes deviated tonically in the direction of the slow component of the VOR was found. In these patients a mild defect in the generation of vestibular fast components might be present since the slow component velocity (SCV) appeared to be normal, but the amplitude and frequency of fast components were decreased. Thirty-two per cent of patients demonstrated persistence of an intense nystagmus with eyes opened in the dark. However, summation of the smooth movement velocity of the nystagmus and the SCV of a probably normal VOR could be demonstrated. The VOR was basically normal in patients with congenital nystagmus with or without associated ocular lesions. PMID- 7241634 TI - Inner ear pathology in deaf mutism. AB - This is a report of the inner ear pathology found in a pair of temporal bones from a deaf mutism case. This patient's spouse and four of six children were deaf mutes. Some members in the succeeding generation were also known to be deaf mutes. The temporal bones (horizontally sectioned) showed the cochleo-saccular degeneration with exactly similar extent bilaterally. The scala media and the saccular space were atrophied, and displaced membranes were attached onto the degenerated sensory epithelia in many areas, but some portion of the scala media exhibited an ectatic view. The cochlear and saccular nerves were severely reduced. In addition to the pathology found in the pars inferior, the internal auditory canal and the cochlear aqueduct were enlarged. All end organs and nerves in the pars superior were intact. PMID- 7241635 TI - Caveolar system of the articular chondrocyte. PMID- 7241628 TI - The auditory brainstem response in neuro-otology: perspectives and problems. AB - The interaural latency difference of the fifth wave of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) is the basis for an excellent test for acoustic tumors. Close attention is necessary to latency correction methods for conductive and sensory hearing loss. Modification of the method of Selters and Brackmann gives diagnostic error rates which are markedly superior to other common tests. The range of applicability, reliability, and efficiency of ABR testing can be increased by proper selection of stimulus intensity and repetition rate. ABR distortion by filters is serious problem, which can be solved by digital methods. PMID- 7241636 TI - Image reconstruction of tubulin hoops. PMID- 7241637 TI - Ossification in adult rat mandibular condyle-SEM of chondroclasia. PMID- 7241638 TI - Endocytic activity and ultrastructural cytochemistry of lysosome-related organelles in epiphyseal chondrocytes. PMID- 7241640 TI - The development of a cell-substrate attachment system in a euglenoid flagellate. PMID- 7241639 TI - Innervation of the rat aortic (subclavian) body: an ultrastructural study following axonal degeneration. PMID- 7241641 TI - Changes in the endoplasmic reticulum during differentiation of a sieve element in Gossypium hirsutum. PMID- 7241642 TI - Nuclear degeneration and the association of endoplasmic reticulum with the nuclear envelope and microtubules in maturing sieve elements of Gossypium hirsutum. PMID- 7241644 TI - Collagen fibrils of the vertebrate corneal stroma. PMID- 7241645 TI - Variation in nucleotide sequences coding for the N-terminal regions of the matrix and nonstructural proteins of influenza A viruses. AB - Nucleotide sequences have been determined for complementary DNA transcribed from the 3' ends of RNA segments 7 (matrix gene) and 8 (nonstructural gene) from a number of human influenza A viruses isolated over a period of 43 years and representing H0N1, H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 subtypes. The pattern of nucleotide variation in both genes suggests that RNA segments 7 and 8 were conserved during the reassortment events which were responsible for the antigenic shifts H1N1 leads to H2N2 and H2N2 leads to H3N2. During the 23-year period between the isolation of A/PR/8/34(H0N1) and A/RI/5-/57(H2N2), substitutions have occurred at 7 of 230 nucleotides in RNA segment 7 and 13 of 220 nucleotides in RNA segment 8, and in 20 years A/RI/5-/57(H2N2) to A/Canberra Grammar/77(H3N2) substitutions have occurred at 5 of 230 nucleotides in RNA segment 7 and 12 of 220 nucleotides in RNA segment 8. These give rise to 2 of 67, 5 of 64, 1 of 67, and 5 of 64 amino acid changes, respectively. The number of nucleotide and amino acid changes observed is of the same order of magnitude as that which occurs over a comparable period of drift in RNA segments 4 and 6, which code for the variable antigenic determinants hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. PMID- 7241646 TI - Structure of the provirus within NIH 3T3 cells transfected with Harvey sarcoma virus DNA. AB - NIH 3T3 cells transformed with unintegrated Harvey sarcoma virus (HSV) linear DNA generally acquired a complete HSV provirus. Infection of these transformed cells with Moloney murine leukemia helper virus was followed by release of infectious particles. The HSV provirus within these transfected cells was convalently joined to nonviral DNA sequences and was termed "cell-linked" HSV DNA. The association of this cell-virus DNA sequence with the chromosomal DNA of a transfected cell was unclear. NIH 3T3 cells could also become transformed by transfection with this cell-linked HSV DNA. In this case, the recipient cells generally acquired a donor DNA fragment containing both the HSV provirus and its flanking nonviral sequences. After cells acquired either unintegrated or cell-linked HSV DNA, the newly established provirus and flanking cellular sequences underwent amplifications to between 5 and 100 copies per diploid cell. NIH 3T3 cells transfected with HSV DNA may acquire deleted proviral DNA lacking at least 1.3 kilobase pairs from the right end of full-length HSV 6-kilobase-pair DNA (corresponding to the 3'-proximal portion of wild-type HSV RNA). Cells bearing such deleted HSV genomes were transformed, indicating that the viral transformation gene lies in the middle or 5'-proximal portion of the HSV RNA genome. However, when these cells were infected with Moloney murine leukemia helper virus, only low levels of biologically active sarcoma virus particles were released. Therefore, the 3' end of full-length HSV RNA was required for efficient transmission of the viral genome. PMID- 7241647 TI - Generation of novel, biologically active Harvey sarcoma viruses via apparent illegitimate recombination. AB - NIH 3T3 cells transfected with Harvey sarcoma virus (HSV) DNA may acquire deleted proviruses (Goldfarb and Weinberg, J. Virol. 38:125-135, 1981). Such proviruses lack the right end of the wild-type HSV DNA genome corresponding to the 3' proximal portion of the viral RNA. As expected, the RNA transcripts of these deleted HSV (delHSV) proviruses lacked sequences normally found at the 3' end of wild-type HSV RNA. Since frequently these delHSV RNA transcripts were longer than wild-type HSV RNA, we suggest that transcription proceeded through the deleted provirus and continued into flanking nonviral sequences. When delHSV-transformed cells were infected with Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MLV), delHSV RNA was pseudotyped into new virus particles, demonstrating that the 3'-proximal sequences of wild-type HSV RNA are not essential for virion RNA encapsidation. Cells which carried a delHSV genome and were infected with M-MLV helper released very low titers of highly transmissible sarcoma virus. The inability to rescue high titers of sarcoma virus from these cells reflected the necessary presence of the deleted 3'-terminal sequences for normal efficient transmission of the sarcoma virus genome (Goldfarb and Weinberg, J. Virol. 38:125-135, 1981). The small amount of highly transmissible sarcoma virus rescuable from delHSV transformed cells originated via genetic recombination between del HSV and the M MLV helper used for the sarcoma virus rescue. The recombinant sarcoma virus genomes reacquired a competent 3' genomic end from the parental M-MLV genome, which restored efficient transmissibility. The locations of sites for recombination between the delHSV and M-MLV genomes appeared to be nonrandom. These sites were in genomic regions where the parental genomes bore no detectable sequence homology. Structural mapping of these recombinant sarcoma virus genomes indicated that the HSV transformation gene lies within 2.0 kilobases of the RNA 5' end. Based upon our genetic recombination studies, we suggest a model to explain how leukemia viruses can recombine with cellular sequences to generate novel defective viruses. PMID- 7241643 TI - Crystallographic studies of cowpea mosaic virus by electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. PMID- 7241649 TI - Polyadenylation sites for influenza virus mRNA. AB - Polyadenylated transcripts of influenza virus RNA are incomplete copies of the individual genome segments, lacking sequences complementary to the 5'-terminal nucleotides of the virion RNA. By using a procedure which depends on the polyadenylic acid tail of the mRNA being encoded in part by the genome, we have determined that the common tract of uridine residues, approximately 17 to 22 nucleotides from the 5' end of each segment, is the site of polyadenylation of influenza virus mRNA. PMID- 7241648 TI - Adsorption of bacteriophage phi 29 to Bacillus subtilis through the neck appendages of the viral particle. AB - Phage phi 29 particles produced under restrictive conditions by mutants in gene 12 have normal amounts of all of the structural proteins except the appendage protein, p12*, which is missing. These particles are not infective and do not adsorb to Bacillus subtilis cells. By in vitro complementation of 12- particles with extracts containing protein p12* or with purified protein p12*, the defective particles could bind the appendage protein and become infective and able to adsorb to bacteria. Therefore, the neck appendages of phage phi 29, formed by protein p12*, are involved in the interaction of the phage with the cell wall receptors. Protein p12*, purified in its native state, competed with wild-type phage for adsorption to bacteria. Also, protein p12* could displace adsorbed phage from bacteria. Since the displaced phage was infective, protein p12* does not seem to be modified after phage adsorption. PMID- 7241650 TI - Adenovirus-induced mutations at the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase locus of Chinese hamster cells. AB - Hpt-13 is a Chinese hamster cell line deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) and sensitive to a medium containing 10( 4) M hypoxanthine, 5.5 X 10(-6) M aminopterin, and 10(-4) M thymidine. In this cell line there is a high incidence of cells resistant to this selective medium after an incubation with either ethyl methane sulfonate or adenovirus type 2 complete virions or their incomplete particles. The rate of reversion in the presence of these agents was 34-fold higher with ethyl methane sulfonate and 2.5- to 5.6-fold higher with adenovirus particles than the spontaneous rate of reversion. The revertant phenotypes were stable for many generations without selective pressure. All of the revertants tested recovered the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity. Most of them, however, carried an enzyme of lower activity and faster electrophoretic mobility than that of the wild type. The preferential reversion to this type of enzyme was observed among spontaneous revertants as well as among those induced by mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate or exposure to viral particles. Our results suggest that adenovirus particles and ethyl methane sulfonate induce mutations at the hpt locus of Hpt-13 cells through similar mechanisms. PMID- 7241651 TI - Complementation of adenovirus type 5 host range mutants by adenovirus type 12 in coinfected HeLa and BHK-21 cells. AB - We have studied the ability of adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) to complement the Ad5 transformation-defective host rang (hr) mutants during infection of human cells (HeLa) or hamster cells (BHK-21). The group I mutant hr3 (mapped within 1.3 to 3.7 map units), which is incapable of synthesizing viral DNA, was complemented for both DNA synthesis and infectious virus production in nonpermissive HeLa cells during coinfection with Ad12. Similarly, the group II mutant hr6 (6.1 to 9.4 map units), which does synthesize DNA, was also shown to be complemented for virus production. When the host cells were BHK-21, an established hamster cell line that is permissive for Ad5 but nonpermissive for Ad12 DNA synthesis and virus production, coinfection with Ad5 and Ad12 did not overcome the block to Ad12 DNA synthesis. Coinfection of BHK-21 cells with Ad12 and either hr3 or hr6 leads to the complementation of only the group I mutant (hr3). The inability of Ad12 to complement hr6 in BHK-21 cells may be due to the failure of Ad12 to express an early gene product from the region corresponding to early region 1B (4.5 to 11 map units) Ad5 where hr6 and the other group II mutations are located. PMID- 7241653 TI - Measles virus polypeptides in infected cells studied by immune precipitation and one-dimensional peptide mapping. AB - Measles virus does not turn off host cell polypeptide synthesis, making it difficult to precisely identify the polypeptides specified by the virus during the infectious cycle. By using the technique of immune precipitation with measles specific antisera, the host cell background has been eliminated, and new observations have been made concerning measles virus polypeptides H, P, NP, F, and M. The H polypeptide is first synthesized as a monomer which is processed by further glycosylation and by the formation of disulfide-bonded dimers. Polypeptide P (70,000 daltons) has been found to occur also as a 65,000-dalton molecule, P2, and both forms of the molecule are equally phosphorylated. Polypeptide NP is processed from a cleavage-sensitive form (which undergoes cleavage during the process of isolation to form polypeptide 6 [41,000 daltons]) to a form which is resistant to this cleavage. The fusion and hemolysin polypeptide is first found in the cells as a 55,000-dalton precursor, F0, which is clearly resolved from the NP polypeptide on gel electrophoresis. The measles virus F0 protein identified in previous reports had not been resolved from the 60,000-dalton NP polypeptide. The M protein occurs in the infected cells as two distinct bands, and, as in the case of Sendai virus, one of these two M protein bands represents a phosphorylated form of the other. PMID- 7241652 TI - Tryptic peptide analysis of outer capsid polypeptides of mammalian reovirus serotypes 1, 2, and 3. AB - We studied the structural relationships among the outer capsid polypeptides of prototype strains of mammalian reovirus serotypes 1, 2, and 3 by tryptic peptide mapping. The micron1C polypeptide showed an extraordinary degree of conservation of its methionine-containing tryptic peptides. In contrast, the most abundant viral polypeptide, sigma 3, contained both conserved and unique methionine containing tryptic peptides. The viral type-specific antigen, the sigma 1 polypeptide, contained both conserved and unique methionine- and tyrosine containing tryptic peptides. These results suggested that the mammalian reovirus genome segments encoding each of the viral outer capsid polypeptides were derived from common ancestral segments which have diverged to different degrees. PMID- 7241655 TI - Processing of the adenovirus terminal protein. AB - The termini of nascent adenovirus DNA molecules synthesized in vivo are covalently bound to a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 80,000. This protein represents a precursor to the 55,000-dalton protein known to be bound to the 5' termini of mature adenovirus genomes. Processing of the 80-kilodalton precursor to the 55-kilodalton terminal protein is not required for continued adenovirus DNA replication and is probably accomplished during a late stage of virion maturation. PMID- 7241654 TI - Coronavirus isolates SK and SD from multiple sclerosis patients are serologically related to murine coronaviruses A59 and JHM and human coronavirus OC43, but not to human coronavirus 229E. AB - Two coronaviruses (SK and SD), isolated from fresh autopsy brain tissue from two multiple sclerosis patients, were compared with known human and murine coronaviruses. In plaque neutralization assays, antisera prepared against multiple sclerosis isolates SK and SD demonstrated significant cross-reactivity to each other and to murine coronavirus A59, weak cross-reactivity to murine coronavirus JHM, but no cross-reactivity to the human coronavirus 229E. Antiserum to SK or SD failed to inhibit hemagglutination of chicken erythrocytes by the human coronavirus OC43. However, OC43 antiserum neutralized both SD and SK. Specific coronavirus polypeptides were identified and compared by immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Infected and mock infected 17Cl-1 cells were pretreated with actinomycin D and labeled with [35S]methionine. Polypeptides in Nonidet P-40 cytoplasmic extracts were immunoprecipitated with homologous and heterologous antisera. Identical polypeptides were precipitated from A59-, SD-, or SK-infected cell extracts by SD, SK, OC43, or A59 antisera. The polypeptides of human virus 229E were antigenically distinct, with the exception of weak recognition of a polypeptide of 50,000 molecular weight. We conclude that the two multiple sclerosis virus isolates SK and SD are closely related serologically to the murine coronavirus A59 and the human coronavirus OC43. PMID- 7241656 TI - Respiratory syncytial virus proteins: identification by immunoprecipitation. AB - The proteins of respiratory syncytial virus have not been clearly identified due to the lability of the virus and difficulties in its purification. We have pulse labeled respiratory syncytial virus with [35S]methionine and [35S]cysteine and analyzed cell lysates by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Five 35S-labeled viral proteins ranging in molecular weight from 21,000 to 73,000 (VP73, VP44, VP35, VP28, and VP21) were easily discernable above background cellular proteins. Treatment of the infected cells with 0.15 M NaCl before labeling suppressed host cell protein synthesis and allowed clearer visualization of the five viral proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three glycoproteins (VGP 92, VGP 50, and VGP 17) were also identified after labeling with [3H]glucosamine. Five of these polypeptides (VP51, VP44, VP35, VP28, and VGP92) were shown to be antigenically active because they could be immunoprecipitated with anti respiratory syncytial virus antibody produced in New Zealand white rabbits, cotton rats, and humans before analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7241657 TI - Leukemogenicity and cell transformation mechanisms in vitro by Gross murine leukemia virus: analysis of virus subpopulations. AB - The leukemogenic activity of Gross murine leukemia virus adapted to rats was tested in W/Fu rats and NIH/Swiss mice. All animals infected with this virus developed thymic and nonthymic T-cell leukemia with a short latency period. It was observed that cell-free extracts from thymic lymphoma tissue of mice and rats, induced by either Gross murine leukemia virus or Gross murine leukemia virus adapted to rats, consisted of both small-plaque-forming and large-plaque forming viruses, as determined by the XC plaque test. MCF-type virus was found in these virus complexes. Transformed cell foci were induced in SC-1 cell layers by double infection of the cloned MCF-type virus and an ecotropic virus. SC-1 cells containing transformed cell foci were shown to be tumorigenic upon inoculation into nude mice. The formation of transformed cell foci in mink lung cells was also observed after double infection with the cloned MCF-type virus and a xenotropic virus. The possible mechanism of leukemogenesis by endogenous viruses is discussed. PMID- 7241660 TI - Reovirus inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis: role of the S1 gene. AB - Type 3 reovirus inhibits L cell DNA synthesis, whereas type 1 reovirus exerts little or no effect on L cell DNA synthesis. By using recombinant viruses containing both type 1 and type 3 double-standard RNA segments, we determined that one double-stranded RNA segment, the reovirus type 3 S1 double-stranded RNA segment which encodes the viral hemagglutinin, segregates with and is responsible for the capacity of reovirus type 3 to inhibit L cell DNA synthesis. PMID- 7241659 TI - Fv-1 host restriction of Friend leukemia virus: oligonucleotide analysis of host range variants. AB - The Fv-1 murine gene controls predominantly the replication of leukemia viruses of murine cells. Forced passage by B-tropic Friend leukemia virus in the restrictive host cells (NIH, Fv-1n/n) results in viral progeny capable of replicating efficiently in murine cells of any Fv-1 type, which are denoted as NB tropic virus. We have studied the RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotide pattern of a series of NB-tropic Friend virus isolates and have been able to show changes from the parental B-tropic virus which occur at the 5' end of the genome. Cloned NB tropic virus falls into three classes, demonstrating either four, one, or no apparent changes in the genome. These results suggest the possibility that conversion to NB tropism occurs by a recombination mechanism but, since change to NB tropism can occur without any observable oligonucleotide alteration, they do not confirm that any single oligonucleotide is diagnostic of NB tropism. PMID- 7241658 TI - Evidence for a separate signal sequence for the carboxy-terminal envelope glycoprotein E1 of Semliki forest virus. AB - When Semliki Forest virus temperature-sensitive mutant ts-3 was grown at the restrictive temperature an aberrant nascent cleavage of the 130,000-dalton structural polyprotein took place relatively frequently. This cleavage yielded an abnormal 86,000-dalton fusion protein (p86) consisting of the amino-terminal capsid protein linked to the amino acid sequences of envelope protein p62 (a precursor of E3 and E2). The other cleavage product was the carboxy-terminal envelope protein E1. p86 was not glycosylated and was sensitive to the action of protease in the microsomal fraction, whereas E1 was glycosylated and protected from proteases, indicating that it had been segregated into the cysternal side of the microsomal vesicles. All attempts to show the E1 protein at the cell surface have failed so far, suggesting that it remains associated with intracellular membranes. When ts-3-infected cells labeled at the restrictive temperature were shifted to the permissive temperature the only labeled protein released with the virus particles was E1, indicating that E1, synthesized at the restrictive temperature, was competent to participate in the virus assembly. These results suggest strongly that there are two separate signal sequences for the envelope proteins of Semliki Forest virus. One follows the capsid protein as shown previously, and the other is for the carboxy-terminal E1. Even if the insertion of the amino-terminal envelope protein (p62) fails due to a cleavage defect, the other signal sequence can operate independently to guide the E1 through the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. PMID- 7241661 TI - Virus-receptor interaction in the adenovirus system I. Identification of virion attachment proteins of the HeLa cell plasma membrane. AB - Plasma membranes from HeLa cells were isolated in a two-phase polymer system. To compare the efficiency of attachment protein extraction, a normalized assay for the assessment of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) receptor-active components interfering with the attachment of Ad2 to HeLa cells was developed. An optimized detergent extraction procedure, 0.5% Triton X-100, was used, and solubilized membrane proteins were radioisotope labeled in vitro. Proteins with affinity for Ad2 virions were quantified and identified in a sucrose gradient sedimentation assay and by affinity chromatography with cross-linked Ad2 virions immobilized to AH Sepharose 4B. From virions recovered in the sucrose gradient system, one major membrane component of high affinity was identified with a polypeptide molecular weight of around 40,000. Glycosylated proteins isolated by wheat germ lectin chromatography with high affinity for immobilized virus particles were isolated, and two major components with apparent molecular weights of 40,000 and 42,000 were identified. We suggest that a glycosylated protein with high affinity for Ad2 virions and a polypeptide molecular weight of 40,000 to 42,000 is one component of the Ad2 attachment site on HeLa cells. PMID- 7241662 TI - One extra oligosaccharide chain of the high-mannose class in the E2 protein of a Sindbis virus isolate. AB - The number and nature of oligosaccharide chains in the E2 envelope protein (and its precursor PE2) from two strains of Sindbis virus, originally derived from the same HR strain, were investigated. The E2 glycoproteins (and the PE2 proteins) of the two strains had different electrophoretic mobilities on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. We observed that the glycopeptides from the E2 protein of one of the two strains included an extra oligosaccharide chain of the mannose-rich type. The altered pattern of glycosylation does not interfere with the intracellular migration of the protein and the envelopment and budding of the virus. PMID- 7241664 TI - Terminally redundant sequences in cellular intracisternal A-particle genes. AB - The sequences coding for intracisternal A-particle RNA form a family of related but not identical genetic elements which are present in 650 to 1,000 copies within the mouse genome. We showed that different intracisternal A-particle genes had a terminally redundant sequence of about 400 base pairs, one-half of which arose from the 3' end of the intracisternal A-particle RNA. A second portion of the redundant region did not contain 3-related sequences and was probably derived from the 5' end of intracisternal A-particle RNA. Thus, there were endogenous intracisternal A-particle genes in the cellular DNA-3'-5'--3'-5'-cellular DNA configuration identified for type B and C retroviruses. This indicated that the initial integration of intracisternal A-particle genes into the Mus musculus genome occurred by the same mechanism as the integration of other retroviruses. Two types of heterogeneity were identified among the 5' sequences of the two genes. PMID- 7241663 TI - Structure of glycosylated and unglycosylated gag polyproteins of Rauscher murine leukemia virus: carbohydrate attachment sites. AB - The structural relationships among the gag polyproteins Pr65gag, Pr75gag, and gPr80gag of Rauscher murine leukemia virus were studied by endoglycosidase H digestion and formic acid cleavage. Fragments were identified by precipitation with specific antisera to constituent virion structural proteins followed by one dimensional mapping. Endoglycosidase H reduced the size of gPr80gag to that of Pr75gag. By comparing fragments of gPr80gag and the apoprotein Pr75gag, the former was shown to contain two mannose-rich oligosaccharide units. By comparing fragments of Pr65gag and Pr75gag, the latter was shown to differ from Pr65gag at the amino terminus by the presence of a leader peptide approximately 7,000 daltons in size. The internal and carboxyl-terminal peptides of the two unglycosylated polyproteins were not detectably different. The location of the two N-linked carbohydrate chains in gPr80gag has been specified. One occurs in the carboxyl-terminal half of the polyprotein at asparagine177 of the p30 sequence and the other is found in a 23,000-dalton fragment located in the amino terminal region of gPr80gag and containing the additional amino acid sequences not found in Pr65gag plus a substantial portion of p15. PMID- 7241666 TI - Effect of tunicamycin on cell fusion induced by Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. AB - Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, a D-type retrovirus, has been shown to induce multinucleate cell (syncytium) formation or cell fusion in several normal primate cells. A series of experiments has been carried out to examine whether a glycosylated "fusion-inducing" product is responsible for this biological property of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. Treatment of rhesus monkey fetal lung cells with different concentrations of tunicamycin, a potent inhibitor of glycosylation, during infection with Mason-Pfizer monkey virus had no effect on cell fusion even though up to 5 micrograms of the drug per ml was tested. Furthermore, no significant effect on the extent of syncytium formation in rhesus monkey fetal lung cells was observed when the time of addition or duration of treatment with this inhibitor was varied. Nevertheless, tunicamycin was very effective in blocking glycosylation in rhesus cells since virions produced in the presence of this drug completely lacked gp70 and gp20, the two structural glycoproteins of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. These non-glycosylated virus particles produced in the presence of tunicamycin were noninfectious as determined by a protein A binding assay and were unable to induce syncytium formation when assayed on rhesus cells. These results indicate that glycosylation of the fusion-inducing product is not required for multinucleate cell formation induced by Mason Pfizer monkey virus. PMID- 7241665 TI - Shutoff of neuroblastoma cell protein synthesis by Semliki Forest virus: loss of ability of crude initiation factors to recognize early Semliki Forest virus and host mRNA's. AB - A crude ribosomal wash containing the initiation factors of protein synthesis was isolated from mouse neuroblastoma cells 8 h after infection with Semliki Forest virus (SFV). The activity of this wash was compared with that of a wash from control cells in a cell-free protein-synthesizing "pH5" system, with early SFV mRNA (42S), late SFV mRNA (26S), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC) mRNA, or neuroblastoma polyadenylated mRNA templates. A pronounced loss of activity (+/ 80%) of the crude ribosomal wash from infected cells was observed with host mRNA (neuroblastoma polyadenylated mRNA) and early SFV mRNA, messengers which contain a cap structure at the 5' terminus. However, these washes were only slightly less active in systems programmed with (noncapped) EMC mRNA and late SFV mRNA. Although late SFV mRNA (26S) is capped, the synthesis of late (= structural) proteins in infected lysates was insensitive to inhibition by cap analogs. Purified initiation factors eIF-4B (M(r), 80,000) and cap-binding protein (M(r), 24,000) from reticulocytes (but none of the others) were able to restore the activity of infected factors to about 90% of control levels in systems programmed with early SFV mRNA and host mRNA. These observations indicate that infection exposed crude initiation factors have a decreased level of eIF-4B and cap-binding protein activity. However, after partial purification of these and other initiation factors from infected and control cells, we found no significant difference in activity when model assay systems were used. Furthermore, both eIF 4B and cap-binding protein from infected cells were able to restore the activity of these infection-exposed factors to the same level obtained when these factors isolated from control cells or reticulocytes were added. A possible mechanism for the shutoff of host cell protein synthesis is discussed. PMID- 7241668 TI - Incomplete transformation of rat cells by a deletion mutant of adenovirus type 5. AB - Rat 3Y1 cells were infected with adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) wild type, dl312 (deletion of 902 base pairs between 1.5-4.5 map units), and dl313 (deletion of 2,350 base pairs between 3.5-10.5 map units). After cultivation for 4 weeks, transformed foci appeared in wild type- and dl313-infected cells. No focus was observed in dl312- and mock-infected cells. Foci induced by dl313 were less dense than those induced by wild type. Cell lines (313Y cells) established from dl313 induced foci contained the E1 gene of the dl313 genome (E1a only). Cell lines (5WY cells) established from Ad5 wild type-induced foci contained the E1 gene of wild type (E1a and b). The difference between the transcriptional patterns of the E1 gene in 313Y cells and that in 5WY cells was the same as the difference in dl313- and wild type-infected cells. Colonies were formed in soft agar culture inoculated with 5WY cells, but no colony was formed after inoculation of 313Y cells. The transformed phenotype of 313Y cells was incomplete compared with that in 5WY cells. In nongrowing 3Y1 cells, dl313 and Ad5 wild type induced cellular DNA synthesis but dl312 did not. The above results suggest that the E1a gene is functioning in dl313-infected but not in dl312-infected cells and that such functions as induction of cellular DNA synthesis and transformation of cells are dependent on expression of the Ad5 E1a gene. PMID- 7241669 TI - Amino-terminal sequence analysis of alphavirus polypeptides. AB - The single late 26S mRNA of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) directs the synthesis of the four viral structural proteins, C, E3, E2, and E1, and the recently described nonstructural protein, 6K. We report here partial NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of the SFV polypeptides E3 and 6K and of p62, the precursor to E3 and E2. In addition, were have determined a partial NH2-terminal sequence of the Sindbis virus homolog of 6K, the 4.2K protein. p62 and E3 of SFV have identical NH2-terminal amino acid sequences. Comparison of the partial NH2-terminal sequences of 6K of SFV and 4.2K of Sindbis virus with the deduced amino acid sequence encoded by the 26S mRNA of each virus reveals that the genes for these peptides are located in each case between those for E2 and E1. The order of the genes on the 26S mRNA of the alphaviruses is therefore 5'-C-E3-E2-6K-E1-3'. We discuss two mechanisms by which the nascent viral glycoproteins may be inserted into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7241671 TI - Ureteropyelocalycostomy in the management of lower calyceal stone. AB - Side-to-side ureteropyelocalycostomy in 10 patients with lower calyceal calculi uniformly achieved good postoperative kidney drainage and has not been associated with stone recurrence during an average followup of 35.4 months. Five patients have maintained sterile urine postoperatively. Postoperative renal deterioration has been apparent in only 1 patient and it is unrelated to the operative procedure. This approach to the management of a lower calyceal stone has permitted excellent visualization of the collecting system for lithotomy and it has resulted in minimal renal tissue loss. The procedure is particularly appropriate for the management of lower calyceal calculi in kidneys in which there is medial parenchymal thinning over the calyx and preservation of all functioning renal tissue in deemed wise. PMID- 7241670 TI - Identification of adenovirus 2 early genes required for induction of cellular DNA synthesis in resting hamster cells. AB - tsAF8 cells are temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of BHK-21 cells that arrest at the nonpermissive temperature in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. When made quiescent by serum restriction, they can be stimulated to enter the S phase by 10% serum at 34 degrees C, but not at 40.6 degrees C. Infection by adenovirus type 2 or type 5 stimulates cellular DNA synthesis in tsAF8 cells at both 34 and 40.6 degrees C. Infection of these cells with deletion Ad5dl312, Ad5dl313, Ad2 delta p305, and Ad2+D1) and temperature-sensitive (H5ts125, H5ts36) mutants of adenovirus indicates that the expression of both early regions 1A and 2 is needed to induce quiescent tsAF8 cells to enter the S phase at the permissive temperature. This finding has been confirmed by microinjection of selected adenovirus DNA fragments into the nucleus of tsAF8 cells. In addition, we have shown that additional viral functions encoded by early regions 1B and 5 are required for the induction of cellular DNA synthesis at the nonpermissive temperature. PMID- 7241667 TI - Bunyamwera virus replication in cultured Aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells: establishment of a persistent viral infection. AB - Bunyamwera virus replication was examined in Aedes albopictus (mosquito) cell cultures in which a persistent infection is established and in cytopathically infected BHK cells. During primary infection of A. albopictus cells, Bunyamwera virus reached relatively high titers ( approximately 10(7) PFU/ml), and autointerference was not observed. Three virus-specific RNAs (L, M, and S) and two virion proteins (N and G1) were detected in infected cells. Maximum rates of viral RNA synthesis and viral protein synthesis were extremely low, corresponding to <2% of the synthetic capacities of uninfected control cells. Viral protein synthesis was maximal at 12 h postinfection and was shut down to barely detectable levels at 24 h postinfection. Virus-specific RNA and nucleocapsid syntheses showed similar patterns of change, but later in infection. The proportions of cells able to release a single PFU at 3, 6, and 54 days postinfection were 100, 50, and 1.5%, respectively. Titers fell to 10(3) to 10(5) PFU/ml in carrier cultures. Persistently infected cultures were resistant to superinfection with homologous virus but not with heterologous virus. No changes in host cell protein synthesis or other cytopathic effects were observed at any stage of infection. Small-plaque variants of Bunyamwera virus appeared at approximately 7 days postinfection and increased gradually until they were 75 to 95% of the total infectious virus at 66 days postinfection. Temperature-sensitive mutants appeared between 23 and 49 days postinfection. No antiviral activity similar to that reported in A. albopictus cell cultures persistently infected with Sindbis virus (R. Riedel and D. T. Brown, J. Virol. 29: 51-60, 1979) was detected in culture fluids by 3 months after infection. Bunyamwera virus replicated more rapidly in BHK cells than in mosquito cells but reached lower titers. Autointerference occurred at multiplicities of infection of approximately 10. Virus-specific RNA and protein syntheses were at least 20% of the levels in uninfected control cells. Host cell protein synthesis was completely shut down, and nucleocapsid protein accumulated until it was 4% of the total cell protein. We discuss these results in relation to possible mechanisms involved in determining the outcome of arbovirus infection of vertebrate and mosquito cells. PMID- 7241672 TI - Results of inferior vena cava resection for renal cell carcinoma. AB - A total of 24 patients with renal cell carcinoma involving the inferior vena cava underwent thoracoabdominal radical nephrectomy with removal of tumor thrombus by an open or closed technique. The tumor extended in the inferior vena cava to the level of the renal or lower hepatic veins in 18 patients and it reached the level of the diaphragm or right atrium in 6. Of the 24 patients 3 with preoperative findings minimally suggestive of disseminated disease were shown later to have metastases in the questionable areas, 3 with disease at the level of the diaphragm had incomplete resections, 4 had metastases to regional lymph nodes and 1 had questionable preoperative findings and lymph node metastases. Only 13 of the 24 patients (54 per cent) did not have either disseminated or residual tumor postoperatively. The mean survival duration of this subgroup (20 months) was comparable to that of the group as a whole (21 months). However, 4 patients from this subgroup are free of disease, with a mean followup of 30 months. There was 1 postoperative death. Morbidity, including renal failure, intraoperative hypotension and sepsis, was common. The results in this series suggest that the prognosis for patients with renal cell carcinoma and inferior vena cava involvement is guarded. PMID- 7241673 TI - Urologic applications of angiographic guide wire and catheter techniques. AB - A technique is described using angiographic guide wires and catheters in combination with endoscopy. Obstruction of 9 ureters in 7 patients was managed successfully with this technique. The ureters in these cases were inaccessible otherwise because of unusual ureteral position or severity of obstruction. The method allows placement of angiographic guide wires and catheters past ureteral obstacles when standard urological retrograde procedures are not feasible technically. PMID- 7241674 TI - Total cystectomy for bladder cancer. AB - Between 1967 and 1974, 58 consecutive patients underwent total cystectomy and urinary diversion for primary carcinoma of the bladder. Preoperative irradiation was not used. The postoperative mortality was 3.4 per cent. The over-all 5-year survival rate for patients with transitional cell carcinoma was 62 per cent. For patients with O, A and B1 tumors the 5-year survival rate was 80 per cent and for those with B2 and C tumors it was 50 per cent. PMID- 7241675 TI - Initial experience with the Rosen incontinence device. AB - During a 25-month period, beginning in May 1977, 19 patients had Rosen incontinence devices implanted. During the 9 to 34 months of followup 26 additional operations were required for urethral compression balloon leakage, urethral compression balloon aneurysm, tubing kinks, reservoir malfunction and urethral erosion. Currently, 7 devices are in place, 6 of which are functioning and 3 of which have aneurysms of the urethral compression balloon. The 6-month failure rate of the first device was 44 per cent. During the 247 months that the devices were in place the patients were dry for 89 months, and required pad protection for 118 months and condom or an external urethral clamp for 40 months. PMID- 7241676 TI - The Scott-Bradley-Timm artificial urinary sphincters. AB - The results are presented for 12 patients with the AS721 sphincter, 10 with the AS761 and 8 with the AS742. While followup of patients receiving the AS742 device is short it is anticipated that the improved design of this model will result in a low incidence of mechanical problems. PMID- 7241677 TI - Penile polsters: functional structures or atherosclerotic changes? AB - The distribution of blood flow within the penis during erection and detumescence is thought to be controlled by polsters, columns of smooth muscle cells within the intima of penile arteries and veins. We have examined penile tissue from 4 men and 2 children, and have been unable to find incontrovertible evidence of polsters as classically described. Occasional structures superficially resembling polsters were encountered not only in penile tissue but also in vessels in the spermatic cord in patients undergoing vasectomy. In each instance these structures were recognizable as either branching points of vessels, intimal smooth muscle cell cushions or atherosclerotic lesions at various stages of development. Our findings strongly refute the hypothesis that polsters contribute to the normal physiology of erection. PMID- 7241678 TI - The operative treatment of hydrocele: a comparison of 4 basic techniques. AB - The different hydrocelectomy techniques are described and classified in 3 basic groups. The findings of a prospective randomized study in 87 patients, using representative techniques from each group, reveal that operations in which no dissection or excision of the parietal vaginalis is done are superior since they have less postoperative complications and achieve the same results. PMID- 7241681 TI - Two-picture urography in urinary tract infections. AB - We analyzed separately from a urographic series 1 radiograph of the kidneys, ureters and bladder after releasing compression. The diagnosis was compared to that of the complete series in 230 consecutive urographic studies performed for recurrent urinary tract infections. The findings were in agreement in 88 per cent of the cases and no therapeutically significant change was overlooked owing to the decrease in the number of exposures. A urographic series with 2 films is described and recommended for the screening of recurrent urinary tract infections in young patients. PMID- 7241680 TI - Prognosis of patients with stage D1 prostatic adenocarcinoma. AB - Of 44 patients with clinically localized prostatic adenocarcinoma and regional lymphatic metastases proved by staging pelvic lymphadenectomy 11 were treated by radical prostatectomy, 20 received extended field radiation and 13 were assigned to delayed hormonal therapy. The median survival for the entire group was 39.5 months. None of the 3 treatments appeared superior in prolonging survival. Furthermore, no enhancement of disease control could be demonstrated in either treatment group. Patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma and positive nodes appear to have equivalent adverse biological potential and should be candidates for treatments designed to produce systemic effect. PMID- 7241679 TI - Bone marrow acid phosphatase by radioimmunoassay: 3 years of experience. AB - Clinical followup of 112 patients staged by the immunochemical determination of prostatic acid phosphatase from bone marrow aspirates is presented. This represents a 94 per cent (112 of 118) retrieval rate of a group studied more than 2 years previously. Of the 11 patients judged to be at high risk 4 (36 per cent) have suffered bony metastases, whereas only 3 of 86 patients (3 per cent) with normal bone marrow acid phosphatase by radioimmunoassay have done so. An additional 184 patients with carcinoma and 77 controls have been studied. Although radioimmunoassay greatly improves specificity in bone marrow aspirates a few falsely positive results can occur. This finding may be secondary to cross reaction from leukocyte acid phosphatase and/or interference from lipid. PMID- 7241682 TI - Comparison of cinoxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of urinary tract infections. AB - Forty women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections owing to susceptible organisms were assigned randomly to 500 mg. cinoxacin or 160--800 mg. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole twice daily for 10 days. Of 20 patients receiving cinoxacin none had bacteriuria during or 7 days after therapy, and 2 of 15 (13 per cent) were reinfected within 30 days. Of 20 patients receiving trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole 1 (5 per cent) had bacteriuria during therapy, 19 were uninfected during and 7 days after therapy, and 3 of 15 (20 per cent) were reinfected within 30 days. Adverse reactions occurred in 2 patients (10 per cent) in each group. Anal and vaginal Enterobacteriaceae maintained their sensitivity to cinoxacin. Three patients (20 per cent) on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole presented with and 3 acquired anal Enterobacteriaceae resistant to the drug and 2 (13 per cent) acquired vaginal Enterobacteriaceae that were resistant. Cinoxacin was as effective as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole without the emergence of resistant bacteria associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 7241683 TI - Management of ileal conduit stomal obstruction: a urodynamic study. AB - Urodynamic perfusion studies have shown that edema or incrustation and ulceration may produce stomal obstruction in patients with ileal conduits. High emptying pressures may be present before there is any increase in the residual or conduit capacity, or before upper tract deterioration has occurred. Nine patients with early stomal obstruction were treated medically with acidification of the urine in the collecting bag and were compared to 6 patients who had stomal obstruction owing to irreversible changes and who were treated by surgical revision. In both groups emptying pressure returned to normal after treatment. PMID- 7241684 TI - Diagnostic advantages of fluoroscopic monitoring during urodynamic evaluation. AB - Clinical abnormalities of micturition exist in which measurements of urethral, bladder and rectal pressures, and electromyography determination do not allow a precise diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy of urodynamic evaluation can be improved by the addition of fluoroscopic monitoring. It allows the detection of even small amounts of urinary leakage, the recognition of disassociation of electromyography activity of the pelvic floor musculature, the diagnosis of dysfunction of the smooth muscular urethral sphincter and the accurate localization of urethral obstruction. In our experience fluoroscopy is essential to accurate interpretation of urodynamic results. PMID- 7241686 TI - Urinary undiversion in myelomeningocele patients with an ileal conduit diversion. AB - Neurogenic bladder in myelomeningocele has been managed until recently by routine ileal conduit urinary diversion. Long-term complications are not uncommon after an ileal conduit and 23 of our patients required major surgical revision during the last 2 years. In 5 patients with an ileal conduit urinary undiversion was performed after excision of the conduit and direct ureteral anastomoses. Over-all progress of these patients has been satisfactory. We conclude that when major surgery is required to correct ileal conduit complications in myelomeningocele, urinary undiversion should be considered in selected cases. PMID- 7241685 TI - Extravesical ureteral ectopia in male patients. AB - In male patients with extravesical ureteral ectopia the ectopic orifice does not cause urinary incontinence and the diagnosis is often delayed. We describe our experience with 12 male patients who had extravesical ureteral ectopia. According to the embryologic phenomena leading to such anomalies we have classified them into mesonephric ductal ectopia and urogenital sinus ectopia. Distinctive clinical and radiologic features of these 2 types of ureteral ectopia are discussed. Guide lines to surgical therapy are based upon the type of ectopia, function of the affected kidney or renal segment and whether a single or duplicated ureteral system is affected. PMID- 7241687 TI - Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity to transitional cells in cystitis cystica. AB - Serum from 20 children with urinary tract infections and proved cystitis cystica has been examined for antibody to a panel of established cell lines derived from normal urothelium and transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder. Antibody dependent cytotoxicity was measured with serial dilutions of patient serum and lymphocytes from normal healthy adults as effector cells. The reaction was quantitated by the release of 51chromium from labeled target cells. The patients were grouped according to the duration of symptoms, the presence or absence of reflux, and the presence or absence of upper tract changes or scarring. No differences between test and control subjects were detected. PMID- 7241688 TI - Accelerated hypertension in a 54-year-old woman. PMID- 7241689 TI - Spontaneous hypoglycemia associated with hemangiopericytoma of the kidney. AB - We report the third case of renal hemangiopericytoma associated with spontaneous hypoglycemia. The clinical and pathological features suggest that excessive glucose storage by the tumor is an important factor in the pathogenesis of the hypoglycemia. Other possible mechanisms producing hypoglycemia associated with mesenchymal tumors are reviewed. PMID- 7241690 TI - Polycystic kidneys as the renal lesion in Lindau's disease. AB - Renal malignancy occurring in polycystic kidneys is a rare combination normally thought of as fortuitous. We describe a patient suffering from Lindau's disease, who also had polycystic kidneys and renal carcinoma. On the basis of this case and a review of the literature for similar cases we conclude that the only possibility of outlining a high risk group among patients with polycystic kidneys is to search for other manifestations of Lindau's disease. PMID- 7241691 TI - Surgical problems in pelvioureteral junction obstruction of the lower moiety in incomplete duplex systems. AB - We report 2 cases of pelvioureteral junction obstruction of the lower moiety in incomplete duplex systems. The connecting segments distal to the pelvioureteral junction were short, which created some technical problems. The diagnostic approach and the different surgical techniques are discussed. When confronted with a pelvioureteral junction obstruction in an incomplete duplex system the proper anatomy should be defined completely preoperatively. PMID- 7241693 TI - Uncrossed complete ureteral duplication with caudal orthotopic orifice and ureterocele. AB - A case is reported of uncrossed complete left ureteral duplication with the orthotopic ureteral orifice opening caudal to the ectopic orifice. Whereas the caudal orthotopic orifice was associated with a ureterocele and megaloureter, the cranial orifice was associated with a small undilated ureter. The orthotopic kidney was hydronephrotic, and the ectopic kidney was small and non-functioning. The ureterocele was excised together with the megaloureter and the small ectopic kidney also was removed. The undilated ectopic ureter was transplanted to the orthotopic kidney by performing a ureteroneocystostomy distally and ureteropelvic anastomosis proximally. PMID- 7241692 TI - Intrinsic pathology of the lower moiety ureter in the duplex kidney with ectopic ureterocele. AB - We report 2 cases of dilatation of the lower moiety ureter in a duplex kidney with ectopic ureterocele owing to intrinsic pathology at the ureterovesical junction. The relevant problems of this rare situation with double pathology are discussed. PMID- 7241695 TI - Steroid therapy for ureteral obstruction after aortoiliac graft surgery. AB - We report 3 cases of ureteral obstruction following aortoiliac prosthetic graft surgery owing to secondary retroperitoneal fibrosis around anteriorly positioned ureters. The reversal of symptoms and radiographic demonstration of relief of obstruction after oral steroid therapy are discussed. The necessity of placing such grafts behind the ureters is reiterated and the routine performance of preoperative and postoperative excretory urography is suggested. A trial of steroid therapy following early detection of such obstruction in lieu of early surgical exploration is discussed. PMID- 7241694 TI - Iliac artery-ureteral fistula associated with Gibbons' catheter: a case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7241696 TI - Vesicouterine fistula following cesarean section. PMID- 7241697 TI - Malacoplakia of the male urethra. PMID- 7241698 TI - The falsely positive gonadal venogram: presence of a pampiniform plexus without a gonad. AB - Two men with 3 non-palpable testes underwent gonadal venography, which in each instance demonstrated a typical pampiniform plexus. No gonadal tissue was found surgically or pathologically. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7241699 TI - Leakage of lymph through scrotal skin. AB - We report a case of scrotal dermal chylorrhea associated with chyluria. This is an uncommon complication of chyluria and the only case recorded in our series of 206 patients. Lymphograms showed the presence of abnormal reflux from the inguinal lymphatics into the scrotum. PMID- 7241700 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma mimicking prostatitis. AB - We report on a 24-year-old man who had symptoms suggestive of acute pancreatitis but the diagnosis was Burkitt's lymphoma infiltrating the prostate. He was treated with cytotoxic drugs with a good initial response. Voiding improved and the tumor had disappeared completely on rectal palpation. However, the patient suffered a relapse and, despite intensive chemotherapy, he died a few months later with disseminated tumor infiltration. PMID- 7241701 TI - Evaluation of coproexamination as a diagnostic test for avian botulism. AB - Fecal extracts and blood sera from 113 ducks showing clinical signs of botulism were examined for Clostridium botulinum type C toxin by means of the mouse toxicity test to evaluate coproexamination as a diagnostic procedure, as compared with demonstration of toxin in serum. When death of test mice unprotected with type specific antitoxin (while protected controls survived) was the criterion, 78.8% of the sera and 5.3% of the fecal extracts were positive. When characteristic signs of intoxication in the unprotected mice was included as evidence of toxin in the specimens, these percentages increased to 86.7 and 6.2, respectively. Fecal specimens were collected hourly for the first 6 h after peroral dosing of eight mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) with 1.0 LD50 of type C toxin and at 24, 48, and 72 h from birds surviving that long. From 2 to 4 toxin positive specimens were passed by all eight ducks during the first 6 h, five specimens were positive at 24 h, and three were positive at 48 h. Only three specimens were collected at 72 h, all of which were negative. These findings suggest that attempts to detect toxin in the feces of wild ducks might have been more successful had the birds been captured earlier in the course of the disease. PMID- 7241702 TI - Disseminated staphylococcal infection in a colony of captive ground squirrels (Citellus lateralis). AB - Purulent cutaneous and visceral lesions were observed in a colony of 68 golden mantled ground squirrels, Citellus (Spermophilus) lateralis, used in a hibernation study. The squirrels had been purchased from a commercial supplier. Beginning approximately three weeks after their purchase and during the following five weeks, 21 squirrels died. The predominate gross and histologic findings consisted of multifocal suppurative lesions involving the skin, brain and numerous visceral organs. Staphylococcus aureus was consistently found to be associated with the disease. PMID- 7241703 TI - Experimental Brucella suis type 4 infections in domestic and wild Alaskan carnivores. AB - Beagle dogs were readily infected by 1.3 x 10(8) colony forming units (cfu) of Brucella suis type 4 administered either on canned dog food, or intraperitoneally. Such infections were afebrile and otherwise asymptomatic and without any obvious gross lesions. Inoculation of 10(8) cfu B. suis type 4 intraperitoneally into two gravid wolves (Canis lupus) resulted in infections in both animals. About 24 days later they gave birth, apparently at full-term, to two (both alive) and six (two alive and four dead) pups, respectively. Pups born alive died within 24 hours. A black bear (Ursus americanus) infected with between 10(8) and 10(9) cfu yielded serologic and bacteriologic data similar to that derived from the observations on beagles and wolves. Two grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) were both infected by exposure to 1.3 x 10(9) csf B. suis type 4 placed on canned dog food. Antibody titres reached very high levels within the first two months of infection. PMID- 7241704 TI - The prevalence of anti-leptospiral agglutinins in sera of wildlife in southeastern Australia. AB - Anti-leptospiral agglutinins were found in the serum from 18 (7 species) of 419 (25 species) animals sampled from various areas of southeastern Australia. Positive serologic reactions were observed in 5 of 25 (20%) brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), 1 of 26 (3.8%) tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), 2 of 12 (16.7%) swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor), 1 of 3 (33.3%) koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), 3 of 41 (7.3%) common wombat (Vombatus ursinus), 2 of 100 (2%) bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) and 4 of 12 (25%) rusa deer (Cervus timorensis). The majority (55.5%) of serologic reactions were to serovar hardjo. No serologic reactions were observed in samples from echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), brown antechinus (Antechinus stuartii), swainson's antechinus (Antechinus swaisonsii), long-nosed bandicoot (Perameles nasuta), brown bandicoot(Isoodon obesulus), common ringtail (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), greater glider (Schoinobates volans), eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus), rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), water rat (Hydromys chrysogaster), black rat (Rattus rattus), eastern swamp rat (Rattus lutreolus), broad-toothed rat (Mastacomys fuscus), fox (Vulpes vulpes), sambar deer (Cervus unicolor), hog deer (Axis porcinus) and fallow deer (Dama dama). PMID- 7241706 TI - Blood parasites of trumpeter swans, Olor buccinator (Richardson), from Alberta. AB - A total of 75 trumpeter swans (Olor buccinator (Richardson) from the Grande Prairie region of Alberta was examined for hematozoa; 26 (34.6%) swans were infected with Haemoproteus nettionis. A single infection of Leucocytozoon simondi and two of Plasmodium circumflexum also were recorded. Local, second year (SY) and adult (AHY) female swans had closely similar rates of hematozoan infection; the SY and AHY male swans had substantially higher infection rates than other subgroups. PMID- 7241707 TI - Helminth parasites of translocated raccoons (Procyon lotor) in the southeastern United States. AB - Raccoons (Procyon lotor) typical of animals released by private hunting clubs in the Appalachian Mountains were examined for helminth parasites to evaluate the influence raccoon translocation might have on parasitic diseases. Results were compared with data from resident raccoons from characteristic release areas. Translocated raccoons harbored 19 helminth species that were exotic to resident animals. Most of these exotic parasites were trematodes (74%). An additional 19 species were found in both translocated and resident raccoons, and another 5 species were present only in residents. Three of the 19 exotic helminth parasites and 10 of the 19 enzootic species found in translocated raccoons are known to have some degree of pathogenicity to raccoons, other wildlife, domestic animals or man. At present, disease risks associated with the helminth parasites of these translocated raccoons were not considered alarmingly high; however, potential problems that could not be discounted were artificial intensification of undesirable enzootic parasites on release sites or expression of pathogenicity by exotic parasites presently considered nonsignificant. PMID- 7241705 TI - A fatal case of salmonellosis in a dugong. AB - Salmonella lohbruegge was isolated from the kidney and the liver of a captive dugong calf (Dugong dugon) which died after an illness of at least several weeks. Clinical signs included diarrhoea and anorexia and were apparent for a week before death. Necropsy and histopathologic examination revealed thickening of the intestinal mucosa, epithelial degeneration, and epithelioid cell infiltration of mucosa, submucosa and contiguous smooth muscle. Enlargement of intestinal lymphoid tissue was apparent, and occasional focal granulomas were found in the liver. The source of the Salmonella infection was not ascertained. PMID- 7241708 TI - Ectoparasites of sharp-tailed grouse, Pediocetes phasianellus. AB - Seven species of ectoparasites were recovered during a survey of sharp-tailed grouse, Pediocetes phasianellus, including the ticks, Haemaphysalis chordeilis and H. leporispalustris; the lice, Goniodes nebraskensis, Lagopoecus gibsoni and Amyrsidea sp.; the hippoboscid fly, Ornithomyia anchineuria; and the mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum. Seasonal changes in populations of ticks and lice were found but not for populations of the hippoboscids or mites. All stages of H. Chordeilis were found on sharp-tailed grouse only. Larvae and nymphs of H. leporispalustris were found on sharp-tailed grouse and song birds. Larvae, nymphs and adults of H. leporispalustris were recovered from a snowshoe hare. Small mammals from the study area did not harbour any species of ticks. PMID- 7241709 TI - Renal coccidiosis in oldsquaws (Clangula hyemalis) from Alaska. AB - Renal coccidiosis was found in 4 of 12 oldsquaw ducks (Clangula hyemalis) collected from the north slope of Alaska and Prince William Sound. Numerous 1 to 2 mm white foci were observed on the kidney surface of one bird. Microscopically, there was distention of renal tubules with oocysts, flattening of tubular epithelium, and interstitial accumulation of mononuclear cells. Kidneys from several other species of sea ducks from Prince William Sound were not infected. PMID- 7241711 TI - Congenital bilateral metacarpal deviation and medial patellar luxation in a young white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). AB - A 6-week-old white-tailed deer fawn (Odocoileus virginianus), found in Vermont, was presented with carpal contraction, 90 degrees medial deviation of the rear legs from the hock distally, and an abnormal coat color. Radiographically there was lateral deviation of both medial metacarpal bones and a Grade IV medial patellar luxation. PMID- 7241712 TI - Epileptiform seizures in captive African vultures. AB - African vultures are held in captivity at Salisbury, Johannesburg, and Durban, and in each place a number of birds showed epileptiform seizures. Of 17 griffon vultures (Gyps africanus and G. coprotheres) in Salisbury, three recovered and 11 died after one or more seizures. Of eight vultures of three other species, one Lappetfaced Vulture (Torgos tracheliotus) recovered and one Whiteheaded Vulture (Trigonoceps occipitalis) died. A variety of diagnostic tests, in particular levels of serum calcium and blood glucose, and histological examination of brains, has so far failed to reveal a cause. PMID- 7241710 TI - Mortality in robins (Turdus migratorius) due to avian malaria. AB - Two juvenile robins (Turdus migratorius) died shortly after being captured in Baltimore, Maryland. Both had high erythrocytic parasitemias of mixed Plasmodium infections. Postmortem examination revealed large numbers of exo-erythrocytic malarial schizonts in the liver, spleen, lungs and brain of both cases. Avian malaria was considered the primary cause of death. PMID- 7241714 TI - Pathobiology of septic arthritis and contiguous osteomyelitis in a leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). AB - Analysis of a case of presumed hematogenous septic arthritis and osteomyelitis involving the elbow, distal humerus, and proximal radius and ulna in a leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) showed the chondro-osseous response to be similar to the diseases in skeletally immature humans and terrestrial mammals (both spontaneous and experimental). This particular reptile has bone that is similar to mammalian bone. The infection had partially destroyed the distal humeral, proximal ulnar and proximal radial joint surfaces and epiphyseal cartilages. The elbow was filled with a fibrovascular pannus that had caused a partial ankylosis of the joint. PMID- 7241715 TI - The haematology and serum biochemistry of wild fallow deer (Dama dama) in New South Wales. AB - Fallow deer (Dama dama) were captured in an enclosure trap in southern New South Wales. Blood samples were collected for determination of haematological and biochemical values after capture and in one group after 3 h of transportation. Results were compared between fawns and does, transported and non-transported fawns, and transported and non-transported does. Fawns had higher haemoglobin, total red cell count, packed cell volume and lymphocyte numbers, but lower red cell indices and eosinophil numbers than does. Fawns also had lower levels of serum globulin than does, resulting in a higher albumin/globulin ratio in the former. The fawns had higher inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase but lower glucose and urea nitrogen. There were only minor differences in red cell parameters and indices between transported deer but there were significant differences in the differential leucocyte counts, with the former having a relative neutrophilia with left shift, lymphopaenia and eosinopaenia. The effects of transport were also reflected in higher activities of the muscle enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. The non-transported deer had higher total white cell counts and higher lymphocyte and eosinophil counts than have been found previously in fallow deer. PMID- 7241713 TI - Ophthalmic lesions in animals from a zoologic collection. PMID- 7241716 TI - Woodchuck hepatitis virus in natural woodchuck populations. AB - Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) was discovered in serum samples from captive woodchucks (Marmota monax) at the Penrose Research Laboratory in December, 1977. WHV belongs to the same class of viruses as hepatitis B virus (HBV), the cause of serum hepatitis in man. Both appear to be associated with chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in their respective hosts. Woodchucks were trapped and blood samples collected to determine the prevalence of WHV in natural woodchuck populations. Sera from 217 woodchucks trapped from southeastern Pennsylvania, central New Jersey, and north central Maryland during the spring and summer of 1978 and 1979 were tested for evidence of WHV infection. In 1978, 7 of 51 (13.7%) woodchucks were positive for WHV antigens and in 1979, 28 of 166 (16.9%) tested positive. In addition, 49 of 166 (29.5%) woodchucks trapped in 1979 had antibodies to WHV antigens. The data indicate a high prevalence of WHV in woodchucks from the areas surveyed. PMID- 7241718 TI - Levodopa aids certain movement disorders. PMID- 7241717 TI - Parkinson's disease: new drugs help but no cure on the horizon. PMID- 7241719 TI - How about hypochondriacs? PMID- 7241720 TI - Cholecystectomy hazardous in patient with cirrhosis. PMID- 7241721 TI - Medical Alert' for Witnesses. PMID- 7241722 TI - US-USSR space medicine. PMID- 7241723 TI - The scientific mind at work (and play) PMID- 7241724 TI - Derivation of serum transferrin. PMID- 7241726 TI - Enzyme levels after running. PMID- 7241725 TI - Fatal hemorrhage from airway tube tip. PMID- 7241727 TI - Treatment of heat stroke with dantrolene. PMID- 7241728 TI - The ACLS score. Predicting survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. AB - We developed a score predictive of survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from an analysis of factors associated with 611 cases. The score is calculated from four pieces of information readily obtainable by emergency personnel directly at the scene. The four items are as follow: A, arrest witnessed; C, cardiac rhythm; L, lay bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); S, speed (response time of paramedic unit). Among 22 patients with favorable findings on all four predictive variables (witnessed arrest, ventricular fibrillation, bystander CPR, paramedic response time less than four minutes), 15 (70%) were discharged alive. The ACLS score for this group of patients was 70%. Among 97 patients with the most unfavorable findings (whose ACLS score was 0), one (1%) was discharged. We believe the score can provide emergency personnel with a realistic appraisal of the likelihood of successful resuscitation. PMID- 7241729 TI - Brain tumors in the elderly. AB - Eighty patients older than 65 years underwent craniotomy for primary or secondary brain tumors. Glioblastoma was the most common tumor, followed by metastatic carcinoma and meningioma. Three patients died within 30 days of surgery. Twenty three patients showed development of postoperative systemic complications, of which pulmonary complications were most common. Thirty-seven (44%) of the patients showed significant improvement, but 13 (21%) became worse after surgery. Most brain tumors in elderly patients are operable. However, the surgical indications should be determined by the nature of the tumor and the condition of the individual patient. Preoperative and postoperative management must be more demanding if systemic complication are to be avoided. PMID- 7241731 TI - The family in crisis. A case study of overwhelming illness and stress. AB - During a period of 7 1/2 years, one family encountered life-threatening illness, psychiatric disability, juvenile delinquency, and multiple episodes of trauma, infection, and surgery. Cancer developed in three of the seven children, the mother had five suicide attempts, and the only daughter had a pregnancy of wedlock with complications during labor and delivery. Chronologically, the stressful events show patterns of interaction and recurring dysfunction between members of the family. Options for the physician caring for such a family are limited. Early recognition of the family dynamics can help the physician set realistic goals and anticipate recurring crises. PMID- 7241730 TI - Vesicoureteral reflux in children with uremia. Prognostic indicators for treatment and survival. AB - To define factors related to renal prognosis in children with vesicoureteral reflux and renal insufficiency, we reviewed 908 children with vesicoureteral reflux. Twenty-five patients were found who had initial creatinine clearances of less than 60 mL/min/sq m and had five-year follow-up examinations. All had severely dilated ureters. Renal function improved in eight, remained stable in ten, and deteriorated in seven. Probability of deterioration of renal function in these children was related to factors measurable at clinical presentation: (1) a corrected creatinine clearance of less than 25 mL/min/sq m; (2) 2r greater reaction for protein on urinalysis that disclosed no infection; and (3) being in less than the fifth percentile of body length. The total number of the three factors present in each patient was more significantly related to prognosis than any one factor. PMID- 7241732 TI - Eosinophilic myositis. An unusual cause of pseudotumor and eosinophilia. PMID- 7241733 TI - Acute bacterial myositis caused by Vibrio vulnificus. PMID- 7241734 TI - Urinary tract infection and reflux. PMID- 7241735 TI - The structure of the beta-globin gene. PMID- 7241736 TI - Soft-tissue tracheal mass associated with previously resected bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7241737 TI - Drug therapy achieves most success in hypertension control. PMID- 7241738 TI - Zinc for pancreatic diagnoses. PMID- 7241739 TI - Intracardiac injections during resuscitation. PMID- 7241740 TI - Fatigue in medical personnel. PMID- 7241741 TI - "Tight' homes. PMID- 7241742 TI - Psychotherapy to Vietnam veterans. PMID- 7241743 TI - Renal cyst masquerading as a palpable "gallbladder'. PMID- 7241745 TI - Two methods for improved venous access in acute leukemia patients. AB - Arteriovenous fistulae and long-term indwelling right atrial (Hickman) catheters have been used as methods to improve venous access in patients with acute leukemia. The creation of 28 fistulae provided short duration of function (median, 12 days), with eight fistulae functioning less than 24 hours. Complications were negligible, and no increase in the incidence of bacteremia occurred. Fifty-one Hickman catheters have been placed, with a median placement granulocyte count of 335/microliters. The median duration of function has been 91 days or more, with 19 still functioning and 25 other catheters functioning at the time of the patient's death. Complications have been minimal, with substantial postoperative hemorrhage occurring primarily in patients with active disseminated intravascular coagulopathy at the time of catheter placement. Catheter-associated infections were uncommon. The overall incidence of bacteremia was not increased in patients with Hickman catheters, and 28 of the 30 bacteremias that occurred while catheters were in place (three catheter associated) resolved without catheter removal. The Hickman catheter is a safe, reliable device for improvement of venous access in adult patients with acute leukemia. PMID- 7241744 TI - Perspective on vitamin E as therapy. PMID- 7241746 TI - Electrocardiographic training in primary care residency programs. AB - To evaluate ECT interpretation in physicians training for primary care, we tested residents in two residency programs (one internal medicine, one family medicine) for their ability to interpret ECGs produced in an ambulatory practice. An 18 item examination used abnormal tracings from a university hospital ambulatory unit, including six technical problems generated in the daily operation of the unit. Ability increased with advancing graduate level; however, performance for both internal medicine and family medicine residents fell short of the expected level. Residents completing training in both programs incorrectly interpreted many of the technical problems (eg, limb lead reversal) as well as the usual ECG diagnoses (eg, acute pericarditis). This study suggests that ECG training of primary care residents should be supplemented to meet specific needs of the ambulatory component of primary care practice. PMID- 7241748 TI - The availability of plasma products and the care of hemophilia patients. PMID- 7241747 TI - Eye trauma in sports: a preventable epidemic. PMID- 7241750 TI - Contact lenses. PMID- 7241751 TI - Pregnant jogger: what a record! PMID- 7241749 TI - Digitalis in heart failure. Farewell to the foxglove? PMID- 7241752 TI - Summer Olympics to be under ozone cloud. PMID- 7241753 TI - Little behavior change from PPIs, drug substitution laws. PMID- 7241754 TI - Serum cholesterol and colon cancer. PMID- 7241756 TI - Febrile reaction to sulindac. PMID- 7241755 TI - Surgical hyponatremia. PMID- 7241757 TI - Pulmonary Legionnaires' disease without pneumonia. PMID- 7241758 TI - Hemosiderosis in hemodialysis patients. PMID- 7241759 TI - Esophageal cast phenomenon. PMID- 7241760 TI - Intravenous medications and green urine. PMID- 7241761 TI - Home and medical center hemodialysis. Dollar comparison and payback period. AB - Cost of home hemodialysis training was compared with that of continuing hemodialysis at a satellite medical center. The "payback period" was defined as the time after which higher home training and start-up charges equaled and were surpassed by the initially lower satellite charges. This period was 14.4 months. Total cost of home hemodialysis training and start-up at our institution was $15,149.32. Ambulatory medical center hemodialysis during the same period (3 1/2 months) was $6,853.58. Initially, therefore, the cost of home dialysis is $8,295.74 more. However, after 14.4 months, there is an equalization point subsequent to which home hemodialysis costs $7,472.40 less each year. For a subgroup of patients, those with malignant and severe systemic diseases with reduced survival with hemodialysis, home hemodialysis has no economic advantage. PMID- 7241762 TI - Acute psychological disturbances preceding life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. AB - To investigate the prevalence of acute psychological disturbances during the 24 hours preceding life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, we studied the mental states and psychological experiences preceding arrhythmic episodes in 117 patients who were referred for antiarrhythmic management. Sixty-two had survived cardiac arrest and 55 suffered symptomatic ventricular tachycardia. Twenty-five patients were experiencing acute emotional disturbances during the 24 hours preceding the arrhythmias. Eighteen had two or more episodes associated with psychological disturbances. These 25 patients were distinguished from the rest of the series in having generally less severe structural heart disease. PMID- 7241763 TI - Immunization: Evaluation of some currently available and prospective vaccines. AB - Acute respiratory and diarrheal diseases cannot be expected to be effectively controlled by vaccines for a variety of reasons but largely because of the great multiplicity of causative agents. Measles could be eradicated by appropriate strategies. Paralytic poliomyelitis caused by polioviruses can be controlled by oral poliovirus vaccine in both developed and undeveloped countries but by different strategies. Vaccines cannot be expected to have a beneficial effect on recurrent genital, ocular, and facial herpes. Since naturally acquired immunity does not prevent subsequent fetal intrauterine infection with cytomegalovirus, it is still necessary to establish whether it can nevertheless prevent congenital defects. Prospective hepatitis B vaccines cannot be expected to be useful in the general population. There is reason to believe that both varicella and herpes zoster could be prevented by widespread use of the Japanese attenuated vaccine. PMID- 7241764 TI - Tolmetin. Association with reversible renal failure and acute interstitial nephritis. PMID- 7241765 TI - A fatal poisoning from the Oregon rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa). PMID- 7241766 TI - Physician recognition of the signs and symptoms of secondary syphilis. PMID- 7241767 TI - Patient package insert regulations stayed. PMID- 7241768 TI - Physicians' recognition of the signs and symptoms of secondary syphilis. PMID- 7241769 TI - Carcinogen regulation. Council on Scientific Affairs. PMID- 7241770 TI - Vasodilator therapy for valvular heart disease. PMID- 7241771 TI - Percutaneous biliary bypass in malignant obstructions. PMID- 7241772 TI - Why does arthritis pain diminish with pregnancy? PMID- 7241773 TI - 'Baggietherapy':simple pain relief for arthritic knees. PMID- 7241774 TI - Clinicians offer criteria for remission in arthritis. PMID- 7241775 TI - Sign of scleroderma kidney. PMID- 7241776 TI - Diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. PMID- 7241777 TI - Thyrotoxicosis and abdominal pain. PMID- 7241778 TI - Heparin bleeding, platelet dysfunction, and aspirin. PMID- 7241779 TI - Leukoclastic vasculitis from cimetidine. PMID- 7241780 TI - First-trimester drug use and congenital disorders. PMID- 7241781 TI - Adverse effects of tracheostomy for sleep apnea. AB - Tracheostomy resulted in dramatic and sustained improvement in the symptoms of 11 patients with upper airway sleep apnea. However, seven of eight patients who had a standard tracheostomy experienced tracheal granuloma or stomal stenosis. Tracheostomy was revised in five of these eight patients using cervical skin flaps. Three of the 11 patients had a skin flap tracheostomy as the original procedure. Only two of eight patients had tracheal complications after a skin flap procedure. Postoperative problems unrelated to the procedure included recurrent purulent bronchitis in four and psychosocial difficulties in ten. Permanent tracheostomy should be limited to patients with serious cardiopulmonary complications of upper airway sleep apnea. The cervical skin flap is the preferred procedure for long-term tracheostomy in these patients. PMID- 7241782 TI - Abdominal binding during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in man. AB - Prior studies in dogs have shown improved blood pressure (BP) and carotid flow with abdominal binding during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We assessed the effect of abdominal binding at pressures of 60 to 110 cm H2O during CPR in ten patients experiencing cardiac arrest. Abdominal binding for brief periods (30 to 60 s) raised mean arterial pressure from 53.9 +/- 7.1 mm Hg before binding to 67.2 +/- 8.4 mm Hg after binding. In six patients studied who had abdominal binding performed for four minutes, this beneficial effect was still apparent at the end of the time period. No abdominal visceral injury was found in six patients at autopsy. Thus, abdominal binding is an effective yet simple technique for increasing BP during CPR in man with considerable field use potential. PMID- 7241784 TI - Primary hypothyroidism. Suprasellar pituitary enlargement and regression on computed tomographic scanning. PMID- 7241785 TI - Fatal syncytial virus pneumonia in a laminar airflow room. PMID- 7241783 TI - The spectrum of coronary artery spasm. The variable variant. AB - Angina from coronary artery spasm is not rare. Because new and effective medical therapy is now available, it is imperative that the physician recognize this syndrome when it occurs. Coronary artery spasm can present clinically as unstable rest angina with reversible ST-segment elevation and bradyarrhythmias and tachyarrhythmias. In this setting, Prinzmetal's variant angina is generally promptly recognized and appropriately treated. The diagnosis is variant angina, however, often is not so obvious. Chest pain may be exertional or seem noncardiac in origin. The chest pain syndrome may be chronic and stable as well as unstable. The ECG may show ST-segment depression, rather than elevation. Five cases of coronary artery spasm that emphasize the variable features of variant angina and offer aid for the prompt diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome are presented here. PMID- 7241786 TI - A new method of blood pressure recording that may enhance patient compliance. AB - We describe a new method of self-recording of blood pressure (BP) that requires only a BP cuff. The method is easy and fast but cannot be used by all subjects. We describe 21 normal subjects, 14 hypertensive patients, and 20 patients studied at cardiac catheterization. In all three groups the new technique, the sensory detection method (SDM), showed no significant differences from the routine indirect BP and from the direct arterial BP in patients undergoing catheterization. Some 15% of patients who were unable to use this method were easily identified during the testing and instructing of the technique. The simplicity of the SDM may increase patient vigilance and compliance to antihypertensive regimens. PMID- 7241787 TI - More on Bendectin. PMID- 7241788 TI - Management of depression in the patient with advanced cancer. PMID- 7241791 TI - Echocardiographic assessment of Qp/Qs in children with atrial septal defect or partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. AB - In 24 children with atrial septal defect of the secundum type and/or partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, the pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio (Qp/Qs) was estimated by echocardiography. Using M-mode echocardiography, right ventricular diameter (RVD), left ventricular diameter (LVD), total cardiac diameter (TCD) and aortic root (AOR) were measured, and the following 5 indices were obtained: RVD/LVD, RVD/TCD, RVD/AOR, RVD/BSA (body surface area) and TCD/BSA. The single linear correlation coefficients between these 5 indices and Qp/Qs, obtained by the Fick method during cardiac catheterization, were 0.88, 0.80, 0.74, 0.75 and 0.55, respectively. Thus, RVD/LVD ratio was the most sensitive echocardiographic index to assess Qp/Qs in these children. Clinically, however, the multiple linear regression equation derived from 3 indices (RVD/BSA, RVD/LVD and TCD/BSA) might be more useful (r = 0.89). Although the abnormal motion of the interventricular septum was analyzed, the quantification of this motion as an index of Qp/Qs was difficult. PMID- 7241789 TI - Zomepirac sodium. A new nonaddicting analgesic. AB - Zomepirac sodium (Zomax) is a new orally effective nonopioid analgesic that can relieve mild to severe pain. It is more effective than aspirin or codeine alone and is as effective as analgesic combinations containing codeine or other narcotics. Given orally, zomepirac has provided analgesia comparable with usual intramuscular doses of morphine in postoperative pain. With long-term use, neither tolerance to its analgesic effect nor psychic or physical dependence has been demonstrated. Like aspirin, zomepirac has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic actions and inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins. Zomepirac is generally well tolerated with both short-term and long-term use; gastrointestinal reactions are the most frequently occurring side effects. PMID- 7241790 TI - New trends in gallbladder imaging. PMID- 7241792 TI - Assessment of myocardial infarct size by serial changes in serum cardiac myosin light chain II in dogs. AB - The relationship between myocardial infarct size and serum levels of cardiac myosin light chain II (LC II; 20000 daltons) was studied in 24 dogs with left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. LC II in the serum was measured by the radioimmunoassay which we have recently developed. In our assay, 0.1--5.0 ng of LC II were effectively measurable. Serum LC II levels rose rapidly and stayed elevated long after coronary occlusion. Infarct size was determined by gross inspection. In 24 dogs, infarct size ranged from 0.3 to 41.7 per cent of left ventricular weight. LC II release was calculated by the formula of Shell and associates. Regression analysis showed good correlation between infarct size and LC II release (r = 0.78). Infarct size also correlated with maximal LC II level (r = 0.77), and LC II level 24 hours after coronary occlusion (r = 0.69). Detection of circulating LC II is a useful method since it can be applied to the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction at the early as well as late stage and infarct size can be assessed by analysis of serum LC II levels. PMID- 7241793 TI - Effects of L-carnitine on tissue levels of acyl carnitine, acyl coenzyme A and high energy phosphate in ischemic dog hearts. PMID- 7241794 TI - Phlebitis associated with the intravenous use of cephapirin and cephalothin in the combination therapy of antibiotics. AB - Phlebitis related to antibiotic infusion is one of the most frequent causes of morbidity in the debilitated patients with severe infection. There are a number of causes of infusion-induced phlebitis such as pH of intravenous fluid, needle used, and contamination of venipuncture site. Vein used to play an important role, particularly in patients with granulocytopenia receiving intravenous infusion. Cephalothin is an effective antibiotic in the treatment of granulocytopenic infection and is widely used currently. When cephalothin was introduced commercially, the frequency of phlebitis was as high as 50%. The main reason was thought to be acidity of the antibiotic solution. The cephalothin solution used currently is neutral in pH, but prevention of phlebitis is still not perfect. In contrast, cephapirin recently developed cephalosporin antibiotic, which resembles cephalothin in the antimicrobial activity and pharmacological properties caused less phlebitis than cephalothin in initial clinical studies. The patients receiving chemotherapy for malignant diseases frequently die of infections. A cephalosporin antibiotic is administered intravenously for a prolonged time in the presence of thrombocytopenia, and under such circumstances, other antibiotics such as carbenicillin (CBPC) and aminoglycoside are usually used in combination. The influence of these antibiotics injected through the same vein must be considered, but the possibility of phlebitis due to CBPC and aminoglycoside is negligible. In the present clinical study, 24 granulocytopenic patients were treated with the combination of antibiotics, cephapirin carbenicillin-amikacin and cephalothin-carbenicillin-amikacin. Besides the clinical effect of the antibiotics, the incidence and severity of phlebitis were studied. PMID- 7241795 TI - [Intravenous administration of amikacin sulfate for the severe infections complicated with hematologic malignancies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241796 TI - [Treatment of bacterial infection in acute leukemia, quadruple chemotherapy using CFX, AMK, TIPC and LCM (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241797 TI - [Clinical studies on dry filled doxycycline for intravenous administration; including one case of tsutsugamushi disease (author's transl)]. AB - On a new dry filled doxycycline derivative for intravenous administration, some clinical studies were performed. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Intravenous administration was effective in three cases of pulmonary abscess, in one case of bronchopneumonia, in one case of urinary tract infection complicated to nephrolithiasis, in one case of Mycoplasma pneumonia and in one case of tsutsugamushi disease. 2. In one case of FUO (fever of unknown origin), in one case of non-bacterial meningitis and in one case of ampicillin induced hemorrhagic colitis, from whom Klebsiella oxytoca was isolated in feces, satisfactory clinical course was observed with the drug administration. However, as it was impossible to give any comments for the causative agent of each disease, the effectiveness of the derivative was not necessarily clear. 3. Neither side effects nor abnormal laboratory finding caused by the derivative were noticed in any cases. PMID- 7241799 TI - [Application of cefoxitin in abdominal surgical field (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241800 TI - [Clinical experience of cefadroxil for respiratory infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241798 TI - [Clinical evaluation of cefoxitin against intractable bronchopulmonary infections. Patients not responding to other conventional antibiotics (author's transl)]. AB - Cefoxitin was administered to a total of 17 patients with intractable bronchopulmonary infections who had failed to respond to other conventional antibiotics, and the following results were obtained. (1) The clinical response, except 1 patient classified as evaluation impossible, was excellent in 3 patients, good in 10 and fair in 3 with an efficacy rate of 81.3%. (2) An improvement rate of more than 70% was observed in the findings of body temperature, dyspnea, colour of sputum, WBC and CRP. (3) There was no subjective nor objective side effects attributable to cefoxitin. In view of the results stated above, we have concluded that cefoxitin is a useful antibiotic for the treatment of intractable bronchopulmonary infections. PMID- 7241801 TI - [Studies of the real state of antibiotic consumption at an university hospital. Study in the pediatric department (author's transl)]. AB - Antibiotic use at the Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University Hospital was studied from 1974 to 1978, during which period a marked change was observed in the antibiotic consumption of Japan on the whole. From the view point of net weight of antibiotics consumed, beta-lactam antibiotics have been increasing up to more than 90% of antibiotic consumption and then follow macrolides and aminoglycoside substances. Chloramphenicol which was once the top antibiotic prescribed, and tetracyclines which have not been our choice, both have become very minor antibiotics in our present prescription. More than 90% of oral antibiotics were prescribed for outpatients and more than 90% of injectable antibiotics were administered to outpatients. Concerning oral penicillins, major three were ACPC, ABPC and AMPC for these years and as to oral CEPs most of them was CEX. ABPC and the fixed combination of ABPC and penicillinase resistant penicillin, were the top choice among injectable penicillins and CEZ was the top among CEPs. Concerning aminoglycoside antibiotic SM and KM were preferred as antituberculosis drug, and GM and DKB as antipseudomonas drug which took the main role in place with CBPC and SBPC since 1976. The type of oral drug preferred by pediatricians for prescription was also investigated and dry syrup type was found to be the most important one for pediatrics use. In spite of a steady increase of our outpatients for these five years, there was observed a remarkable decrease in number of antibiotic prescriptions, namely from 8,223 in 1974 to 4,613 in 1978. The reason is esteemed due to our policy to restrict possibly the needless use of oral antibiotics. PMID- 7241804 TI - [Clinical experience with HI-56G (ampicillin-dicloxacillin combination) in pediatric infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241802 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ribostamycin in healthy volunteers and patients with impaired renal function. AB - Ribostamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus, and extracted and isolated by NIIDA et. al. It has been used widely clinically with its characteristic of low ototoxicity. UMEMURA et al. studied the pharmacokinetics of this antibiotic in animals and reported that it has a similar pharmacokinetic behavior in vivo to kanamycin. In the present studies, the pharmacokinetic behavior of ribostamycin was studied in 5 healthy adult volunteers receiving different doses (0.5 g, 1.0 g and 1.5 g) by intramuscular injection, and 0.5 g by intravenous drip infusion. In addition, a similar study was conducted with 11 patients with varying degrees of renal dysfunction in order to study the application of ribostamycin in such patients. PMID- 7241803 TI - [The effects of fosfomycin on antigenicity (author's transl)]. AB - The antigenicity of fosfomycin (FOM), a new antibiotic agent, was studied. The binding of 3H-FOM with human serum protein was measured by the short term dialysis method. The binding was very weak only by 2.16% and reversible. The rabbits were immunized subcutaneously by fosfomycin as sodium salt (FOM-Na) with FREUND'S complete adjuvant. Antigenicity of IgG was examined by means of agar gel precipitation, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and passive hemagglutination. To study the antigenicity of IgE, the BALB/cA mice were immunized intraperitoneally by FOM-Na with aluminum hydroxide gel and, passive cutaneous IgG and IgE. Consequently, it can be concluded that FOM does not conjugate with human serum protein to form its hapten and has not antigenicity. PMID- 7241805 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on cefadroxil dry syrup in children (author's transl)]. AB - Fundamental and clinical studies were made on cefadroxil, a new oral cephalosporin, and the following results were obtained. (1) Antibacterial activity of the drug against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella and P. mirabilis was almost equal to that of cephalexin. The MIC of indole positive Proteus. Enterobacter, Citrobacter, S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa to cefadroxil was higher than 100 microgram/ml in almost all strains. (2) Serum concentrations following an oral administration of 10.0 to 14.3 mg/kg of cefadroxil dry syrup was highest at 2 hours in 2 cases and 1 hour in 1 case, respectively, which were 13.4 to 17.1 microgram/ml, and 1.8 to 6.8 microgram/ml at 4 hours with an T 1/2 of 1.04 to 1.62 hours and apparently longer continuation of serum concentration than that of cephalexin. Urinary recovery rate was 75-96% up to 6 hours. (3) Fourteen patients, i.e., 6 with tonsillitis and 8 with urinary tract infection, were treated with a daily oral dose of 30-50 mg/kg divided in 4 doses except 1 case divided in 3 doses. The overall efficacy rate was 100%, i.e., excellent in 13, good in 1 and no failure. Causative organisms disappeared in all cases. (4) Adverse reactions, such as diarrhea and skin rash, were not noted at all and 1 case presented a mild elevation of GOT and GPT. (5) Taste and flavor of the drug was well palatable to children. (6) Based on the above results, it is concluded cefadroxil dry syrup is a new potent cephalosporin for oral use in the treatment of acute bacterial infection in children. Daily dose of 40 mg/kg in 3-4 divided doses appeared to be appropriate. PMID- 7241806 TI - Studies on synergisidin. AB - Penicillium sp. No. Y-11930 was isolated from soil sample collected at Shimouma, Setagaya, Tokyo in September 1978. Synergisidin produced by the strain was obtained with high yield in starch-corn steep liquor medium, extracted with ethyl acetate at pH 5.0 and crystallized from ethyl acetate after decolorization with active charcoal. The antibacterial activities of synergisidin against Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Mycobacterium were almost nothing but synergisidin showed weak activities against eumycetes with MICs of 6.25-100 microgram/ml. However, synergidisin was confirmed and discovered to show 30-125 fold strong synergistic effects against Candida sp. in particular with addition to extremely small quantities of imidazole antimycotics such as econazole, miconazole and clotrimazole. The acute toxicity was LD50 smaller than or equal to 250 mg/kg in mice (i.p.). the morphological degenerative effect on HeLA cells was observed in concentrations of more than 0.122 microgram/ml. The chemical structure of synergisidin was estimated as 7, 16-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-3 oxabicyclo [10. 3. 1] hexadeca-5, 10-diene or 2, 15-dihydroxy-7-methyl-5-oxo-6 oxabicyclo (11. 3. 0] hexadeca-3, 11-diene (the same structure as decumbin, brefeldin A and ascotoxin) from various physiochemical properties but later, comparison with brefeldin A and ascotoxin revealed that synergisidin was identical with those. PMID- 7241807 TI - [Laboratory and clinical studies on cefadroxil in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. AB - Laboratory and clinical investigations were performed on cefadroxil, and the results were obtained as follows. (1) Sensitivity distribution of cefadroxil. In S. aureus, two peaks were observed with inoculum size of 10(8)/ml: 1.56-3.13 microgram/ml and 12.5-25 microgram/ml, while with inoculum size of 10(8)/ml, the distribution was in the range of smaller than or equal to 0.1-25 microgram/ml, and the sensitivity peak was 0.78-1.56 microgram/ml. In S. pyogenes, with inoculum size of 10(8)/ml, sensitivity distribution was in the range of 0.05-1.56 microgram/ml, and the peak was 0.05 microgram/ml. On the other hand, with inoculum size of 10(6)/ml, distribution was 0.0006-1.56 microgram/ml, and the peak was 0.0006-0.012 microgram/ml, thus sensitivity of cefadroxil being 2 tubes higher. In E. coli, with inoculum size of 10(8)/ml, strains showed mostly high resistance as more than 100 microgram/ml, whereas with inoculum size of 10(6)/ml sensitivity was distributed between 3.13-50 microgram/ml, and the peak was 12.5 25 microgram/ml. (2) Absorption and excretion of cefadroxil: A dose of cefadroxil 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg was administered to 9 cases of children aged from 4 years and 6 months to 11 years and 9 months, and serum levels of the drug were measured. As the results, in the group of 5 mg/kg dosing, the value was 0.94 microgram/ml at 30 minutes, 3.55 microgram/ml at 60 minutes, 7.65 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 2.55 microgram/ml at 4 hours, and 1.09 microgram/ml at 6 hours. In the group of 10 microgram/ml dosing, value of the drug was 4.18 microgram/ml at 30 minutes, 10.70 microgram/ml at 1 hour, 12.75 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 8.05 microgram/ml at 4 hours, and 2.33 microgram/ml at 6 hours. In the group of 20 mg/kg dosing, value was 9.93 microgram/ml at 30 minutes, 18.43 microgram/ml at 1 hour, 24.70 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 15.50 microgram/ml at 4 hours, and 6.45 microgram/ml at 6 hours. Dose response was observed thus distinctly among 3 groups. Recovery ratio of cefadroxil in urine was 76.14% within 6 hours. (3) Clinical trial with cefadroxil: Cefadroxil was applied clinically in 80 cases (76 patients). These included 22 cases of lacunar tonsillitis, 13 cases of pharyngitis, 24 cases of bronchitis, 6 cases of pneumonia, 8 cass of urinary tract infection, 5 cases of hemolytic streptococcal infection, 1 case of cellulitis, and 1 case of otitis media. Efficacy was obtained in 72 cases out of 80 cases ratio being thus 90%. Change of organisms was proven in 35 cases, among which disappearance and reduction of organism were observed in 32 cases (91.45). No adverse reaction was noticed throughout all cases. No abnormal value was recognized in laboratory findings. PMID- 7241809 TI - [Laboratory and clinical studies on cefadroxil in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. AB - Laboratory and clinical investigations were performed in the field of pediatrics with cefadroxil dry syrup, a new semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. (1) MIC of cefadroxil was measured, to compare with that of cephalexin (CEX), on 30 strains of S. aureus, 30 strains of S. pyogenes and 26 strains of E. coli, all of which were isolated clinically in the field of pediatrics. Two strains of S. aureus showed more than 100 microgram/ml with inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml, and remaining 28 strains were distributed between 1.56 similar to or approximately 12.5 microgram/ml, while at inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml, each 1 strain showed 25 microgram/ml and 50 microgram/ml, and the remaining strains were distributed between 1.56 similar to or approximately 3.13 microgram/ml. All 30 strains of S. pyogenes were inhibited the growth by less than 0.2 microgram/ml with inoculum size of both 10(8) cells/ml and 10(6) cells/ml. Three strains of E. coli showed MIC of more than 100 microgram/ml with inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml, and the remaining 23 strains were distributed between 12.5 similar to or approximately 25 microgram/ml, while with inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml, 3 strains showed more than 100 microgram/ml, and the remaining strains were distributed between 6.25 similar to or approximately 12.5 microgram/ml. In comparison with the results of CEX, cefadroxil was nearly equal to S. aureus and E. coli, whereas it was 2 grades superior to S. pyogenes. (2) A dose of 10 mg/kg of cefadroxil dry syrup was administered before 30 minutes of breakfast in 3 cases of children, and serum level, urinary level and recovery rate in urine were investigated. Average serum level was 15.2 +/- 2.39 microgram/ml in 1/2 hour, 16.4 +/- 2.3 microgram/ml in 1 hours. 10.1 +/- 2.8 microgram/ml in 2 hours, 3.8 +/- 1.5 microgram/ml in 4 hours and 1.0 +/- 0.4 microgram/ml in 6 hours, and average T 1/2 was 1.24 +/- 0.22 hours. Average urinary level was 857 +/0 232 microgram/ml in 0 similar to or approximately 2 hours, 690 +/- 180 microgram/ml in 2 similar to or approximately 4 hours and 249 +/- 55 microgram/ml in 4 similar to or approximately 6 hours, and average recovery ratio in urine was 86.3 +/- 17.5% within 0 similar to or approximately 6 hours. (3) Cefadroxil dry syrup was administered clinically in 20 cases of acute purulent tonsillitis, 5 cases of acute bronchitis, 14 cases of acute pharyngitis, 5 cases of acute purulent cervical lymphadenitis and 2 cases of acute urinary tract infection. Clinical efficacy, bacteriological effect and its side effect were investigated in total 46 cases of bacterial infection. A dose of 21.1 similar to or approximately 57.1 mg/kg of cefadroxil was administered daily, divided into 3, after each meal for 1 similar to or approximately 10 days, total dose being 0.5 similar to or approximately 11.0 g. Efficacy rate of cefadroxil, including excellent and effective effects, was 90.0% in acute purulent tonsillitis, 60.0% in acute bronchitis, 100.0% in acute pharyngitis, 80... PMID- 7241808 TI - [Aminoglycoside drip intravenous infusion for severe infections due to leukemia and hematopoietic tumor patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241810 TI - [Serotypes and drug-susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens (author's transl)]. AB - Serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae from various clinical specimens from Jan. 1979 to July 1980 were examined. (1) The serotype of the organism widely distributed, and predominant serotypes were type 6, type 15, type 19, type 3 and type 23. Strains of type 2, 12 and 25, which were used as pneumococcal vaccine, were not found. (2) From the results of susceptibility test the most active drug was PCG among penicillins and CER among cephalosporins. There was one strain which was resistant to PCG and CER as well as CP and TC. Sixty-five% and 48% of the strains were resistant to TC and CP respectively. Almost of the strains were sensitive to macrolides and LCM. The occurrence of resistant strains to CP, TC, EM and LCM varied to the serotypes. PMID- 7241813 TI - [Studies on experimental intraperitoneal infection with Staphylococci in mice. - Differences in lesions caused between Staphylococcus aureus 308A-1 and the unique staphylococcal strain, E-97 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241811 TI - [Relationship between Clostridium botulinum type A toxin and theophylline derivatives. I. Effect of theophylline against toxicity of the toxin for mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241812 TI - [Reduction in cecal size and E. coli and enterococcal populations of gnotobiotic mice by chloroform-resistant bacteria from the cecum of conventional mice]. PMID- 7241815 TI - [Application of the automated WBC differential counter (Hemalog-D) to hematology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241814 TI - [New K antigen of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241816 TI - [Clinical evaluation of prothrombin assay using chromogenic peptide substrates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241817 TI - [Diagnostic values of serum ribonuclease activities in pancreatic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241818 TI - [Electrophoretic and immunochemical characteristics of increased serum ceruloplasmin oxidases in patients with metastatic cancers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241820 TI - [The Coomassie brilliant blue G 250 method for protein quantitation. (2) The application of an automatic technic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241819 TI - [Effects of glycolysis inhibitor on the change of pyruvate concentration in blood in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241821 TI - [Sequential observations on development of esophageal carcinoma in Donryu rats induced by N-butyl-N-nitroso urethane (author's transl]. PMID- 7241822 TI - [Relationship between gastroesophageal motility, gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal acid clearance in healthy human subjects during the night (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241824 TI - [Studies of plasma amino acids in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Part I. Plasma amino acids in patients with acute and chronic hepatic failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241823 TI - [Clinical significance of antipyrine metabolism in patients with various liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241825 TI - [Induction of carcinoma of the gallbladder in hamsters by intracholecystic methylcholanthrene beeswax pellets (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241826 TI - [Comparative studies on pancreatographic and histological findings in cancer of the pancreas--evaluation of post-mortem pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241828 TI - [Hepatic lesion in three autopsy cases of paraquat poisoning (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241830 TI - [RI angiography in diagnosis of abdominal tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241827 TI - [Gastric carcinoid associated with hypergastrinemia diagnosed by endoscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241831 TI - [Differential diagnosis of liver diseases by CT number (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241829 TI - [A case of primary biliary cirrhosis with immune complex deposition in periductal regions and in the bile duct wall (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241833 TI - [Disaccharidase activity in human bile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241834 TI - [Behaviour of mercury in animals. (II) Dynamics of metal-binding proteins in the kidney and liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241832 TI - [Multivariate analysis (Hayashi's quantification method type II) for factors affecting liver function tests in mass examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241835 TI - [Studies on human adaptability to climatic conditions. Report 8. Vascular hunting reactivity of finger to cold for residents in Okinawa-mainland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241838 TI - [Microbiological studies on waste water treatment from medical schools and hospitals. (II) Treatment of cresol with trickling tower plant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241836 TI - The effects of cobalt on the activity of serum cholinesterase and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase in rabbits. PMID- 7241837 TI - The effects of cobalt chloride on the formation of blood lipid peroxide related to glutathione peroxidase in the erythrocytes of rabbits. PMID- 7241839 TI - [Influence of urbanization on maximum growth age in height for each prefecture in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241840 TI - [Toxicological studies on phthalate esters. 1. Inhalation effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241841 TI - [Toxicological studies on phthalate esters. 2. Metabolism, accumulation and excretion of phthalate esters in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241842 TI - [Biofeedback of skin potential level for sleep control (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241843 TI - [Non-cephalic reference electrode method in EEG recording. -elimination of ECG artifacts mixed with EEG- (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241845 TI - [Flicker response measurement of vision using campbell pattern based on temporal frequency modulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241844 TI - [Human operator dynamics in manual tracking systems with auditory input (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241847 TI - [An experimental study on detection impedance of the pacemaker electrodes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241846 TI - [Noninvasive measurement of instantaneous arterial blood pressure using vascular unloading technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241849 TI - [Revision of provisional safety standards for electro-medical apparatus]. PMID- 7241848 TI - [Stroke volume estimated from the aortic root motion in M-mode echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241850 TI - [Immunological and clinical study of the immunoconglutinins in renal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241852 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of chronic glomerulonephritis. II. Mesangial reactions of advanced type of chronic glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241851 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of chronic glomerulonephritis. I. Mesangial reactions of latent type of chronic glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241854 TI - [Comparison of various types of dilution mode in hemofiltration in vitro and in vivo.--Post vs mid dilution hemofiltration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241853 TI - [Clinical evaluation in hemofiltration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241855 TI - Effects of polyvalent cations on electrolyte transport and inulin space of rat kidney cortical slices. PMID- 7241856 TI - [Tubulo-glomerular feedback in the denervated rat kidney (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241857 TI - Novel cardiostimulant polypeptides (anthopleurin-A, B and C) isolated from sea anemone. PMID- 7241858 TI - Release of prostaglandins from the passively distended wall of guinea pig small intestine. AB - The effects of the radial distension of the intestinal wall and the increased intraluminal pressure on the liberation of prostaglandins (PGs) were studied with the isolated guinea pig ileum. Both procedures were accompanied by an increased output of a prostaglandin-like substance and the release was proportional to the degree of distension or intraluminal pressure. Thin-layer chromatography coupled with bioassay suggested that this substance may be a mixture of PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and PGE1. The existence of the former two types of PGs were prominent. The distension-induced release of PG-like substance was assumed to be not mediated by nerve excitation since tetrodotoxin failed to inhibit the release. The increased output of the PG-like substance was not maintained after distension of the intestinal wall, despite continued application of stimulus, indicating that actual tissue deformation is an essential condition leading to increased PG output. It is concluded that distension of the intestinal wall to its circumferential direction is an appropriate stimulus for the release of PG-like substance from the small intestine. The present results favor the view that prostaglandins may participate in the peristaltic activity. PMID- 7241860 TI - Species and strain differences in the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)-producing induction of hepatic drug oxidation enzymes. AB - Five week-old, Wistar-JCL male and female rats and C57BL/6N male mice give a 0.5% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)-containing diet for 6 days produced a marked increase in hepatic weight and microsomal protein content. However, the augmentations of cytochrome P-450 content and drug oxidation activities were much more significant, i.e. 2.5-fold and more than three-fold increases were observed on a body weight basis, respectively. BHT-induced cytochrome P-450 cannot be distinguished from phenobarbital (PB)-induced cytochrome in many respects we have examined: i.e. 1) a broad substrate specificity; 2) absence of the blue shift in the CO-binding difference spectrum; 3) no rise in the peak height ratio of ethylisocyanide difference spectrum; 4) absence of alpha-naphthoflavone inhibition of p-nitroanisole demethylase activity; 5) marked increases of 50,000 and 54,000 molecular weight polypeptides in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, the induction of 46,000 molecular weight polypeptide by BHT in rats was more conspicuous than that by PB, and this induction was not observed in mice. In contrast to this marked induction, the administration of BHT to MC nonresponsive DBA/2N mice produced neither heptic enlargement nor induction of cytochromes, but did not produce an extremely high mortality. PMID- 7241859 TI - Hyperuricemia induced by some antihypertensives and uricosuric drugs in oxonate treated rats. AB - Effects of antihypertensive and uricosuric drugs were studied on the plasma and urinary levels of uric acid in oxonate-treated rats. We made use of animals with a catheterized aorta to successfully collect blood samples and this procedure simplified the evaluation of progressive changes of plasma uric acid, under successive loading with potassium oxonate. The plasma uric acid level of the oxonate-treated rats was increased even with a single administration of diuretic chlorothiazides, furosemide, diazoxide and also uricosuric drugs such as tienilic acid and probenecid. On the other hand, a wellmaintained plasma uric acid level was also produced by exogenously administered uric acid in rats which had been given allopurinol and potassium oxonate. Diazoxide, tienilic acid and probenecid increased the plasma uric acid, while diuretic chlorothiazides did not. Furosemide tended to decrease the plasma uric acid level at the early stage of administration to rats treated with allopurinol, oxonate and uric acid, but increased these levels several hours later when the effect was studied by uric acid loading test wit rats treated with allopurinol and oxonate. These effects also appeared as changes in the urine-excreted uric acid. Thus, the oxonate treated rats demonstrated an acutely induced hyperuricemia not only with certain antihypertensives, but also with uricosuric drugs. The utility of these procedures for evaluating the hyperuricemic and uricosuric effects of drugs is discussed. PMID- 7241861 TI - Cardiotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil in the guinea pig. AB - In order to search into the underlying mechanisms of ECG changes suggestive of ischemia observed in humans and in rabbits after administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), experiments were performed in anesthetized open-chest guinea pigs. The substance produced similar ECG changes in this species as well, after a rather long latent period of around 3 hours after intravenous administration. The incidence of ECG abnormality in animals given 60 mg/kg was 7/7, while that in animals given 30 mg/kg was 4/9. with 10-20 mg/kg, ECG changes were not observed during an experimental period as long as 5 hours. Associated with these ECG changes, a depletion of the high-energy phosphate compounds of the ventricular myocardium was observed. Analysis of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) intermediates revealed an accumulation of citrate within the myocardium, suggesting a malfunction of TCA cycle resulting from an inhibition of aconitase by fluorocitrate, as a cause of depletion of the high-energy phosphates. It is highly probable that the accumulation of citrate was due to the formation of fluoroacetate, an inhibitor of aconitase, from 5-FU via alpha-fluoro-beta alanine, a major degradation product of 5-FU, for it is known that beta-alanine is usually converted to acetate. PMID- 7241862 TI - Inhibitory action of calcium antagonists on ATP-dependent calcium uptake by the renal cortical microsomes. AB - Effects of Ca2+ antagonists, verapamil and diltiazem, on uptake and release of Ca2+ by microsomes of the renal cortex were studied. Verapamil inhibited the ATP dependent Ca2+ uptake by renal microsomes. Addition of 0.8 mM verapamil was required to produce 50% inhibition of the ATP-dependent CA2+ uptake. Diltiazem also depressed the Ca2+ uptake was not due to an increased permeability for Ca2+, since release of Ca2+ from the microsomes was not significantly affected by either drug. It is proposed that verapamil and diltiazem inhibit Ca2+ transport by interfering with an active process of Ca2+ accumulation in microsomes of the renal cortex. PMID- 7241864 TI - Morphological evidence for sympathetic mechanism in extra-bladder pelvic plexus in dogs. PMID- 7241863 TI - Inhibitory effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on neutrophil chemotaxis by casein. PMID- 7241865 TI - Studies on monoamine oxidase (Report LXXVII). Effects of pH on MAO in rabbit serum. PMID- 7241866 TI - [Exercise test in elderly subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241867 TI - [Pulmonary fibrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241868 TI - [Exercise program for the rehabilitation of patients with chronic severe respiratory failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241869 TI - [Evaluation of transbronchial lung biopsy in patients with sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241870 TI - [Transfiberoptic bronchoscopic bronchial and lung biopsy and endoscopic findings in sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241871 TI - [The treatment of pulmonary fungal infections: the results and the problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241872 TI - [Paraquat poisoning in a pregnant women (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241873 TI - [A case of high altitude pulmonary edema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7241875 TI - [Value of benfluorex in the treatment of metabolic disorders associated with diabetes]. PMID- 7241874 TI - [Stages of acceptance of diabeties. Their interference with treatment, and influence on the attitude of the health care team]. PMID- 7241876 TI - [Metformin and insulin receptors]. PMID- 7241877 TI - [Prostaglandins and the hypothalamo-hypophysial system]. PMID- 7241878 TI - [Incidence of juvenile diabetes and its characteristics in Turkey]. PMID- 7241879 TI - Alterations of cytoplasmic proteins in rat hepatomas during the administration of chemical carcinogen. PMID- 7241880 TI - Effect of acetylcholine on the early phase of reversible norepinephrine-induced acute renal failure. PMID- 7241881 TI - Glomerular hemodynamics in experimental diabetes mellitus. AB - Micropuncture studies were performed in three groups of euvolemic male Munich Wistar rats: 8 control rats, 7 severely hyperglycemic rats made diabetic with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.v.), and 6 moderately hyperglycemic rats made diabetic by the same method but given 2 U of NPH insulin daily. Glucose concentrations at the time of micropuncture study averaged 115 +/- (sem) 10, 565 +/- 12, and 375 +/- 23 mg/dl, respectively. Single nephron GFR (SNGFR) values were significantly lower (28.8 +/- 1.9nl/min) in severely hyperglycemic rats than they were in controls (48.9 +/- 3.8). This reduction in SNGFR was due mainly to a fall in glomerular plasma flow rate ((Q(A)). In contrast, moderately hyperglycemic rats exhibited glomerular hyperfiltration, with SNGFR values averaging 69.0 +/- 8.0 nl/min. This hyperfiltration, with resulted from elevations in values for Q(A) and glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference (delta P) to levels significantly above control. These alterations in SNGFR in severely hyperglycemic and moderately hyperglycemic rats, relative to controls, were paralleled by changes in whole kidney GFR and mimic the changes in GFR observed in diabetic patients with analogous degrees of hyperglycemia. Measurements of blood volumes in separate groups of control, severely, and moderately hyperglycemic rats revealed equivalent absolute blood volumes in all three conditions and increased blood volumes, relative to body weight, in both groups of hyperglycemic rats. Thus, SNGFR is increased in diabetic rats with moderate hyperglycemia but decreased in those with severe hyperglycemia, and these changes are not simply related to variations in circulating blood volume. PMID- 7241882 TI - Micropuncture study of the handling of gentamicin by the rat kidney. PMID- 7241883 TI - Steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome in children: histopathology and relapses after cyclophosphamide treatment. AB - Children with steroid-dependent frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome are generally assumed to have a minimal change in histology and therefore to respond favorably to treatment with cyclophosphamide. The clinical course of 38 children with steroid-sensitive frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome was analyzed. Biopsy samples were obtained from these children several years (mean 6 years) after the onset of their disease but before they were treated with cyclophosphamide. Three histologic types of lesions were found: minimal change lesion, 18 patients (47%); focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, 11 patients (29%); and mesangial proliferation, 9 patients (24%). Each patient then received cyclophosphamide (2mg/kg of body wt per day) for 12 weeks, and each responded with a complete remission, which lasted 1.5 +/- 0.2 years. During 6 years of followup after cyclophosphamide, 17 patients experienced one or more relapses, but 21 patients remained in sustained remission. The incidence of relapse after cyclophosphamide was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) in the patients with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (8/11, 73%) and mesangial proliferation (5/9, 56%), as compared with children with minimal change lesion (4/18, 22%). These data indicate that children with frequently relapsing steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome (1) will not all develop minimal-change lesions within several years; in fact, approximately half will have either focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis or mesangial proliferation; and (2) after cyclophosphamide treatment, the incidence of relapse will be related to the histopathologic type of lesion present at the time of treatment with cyclophosphamide. PMID- 7241884 TI - Peritoneal dialysis during peritonitis. AB - Peritonitis during peritoneal dialysis is the most frequent complication associated with this dialysis technique. We studied patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis when they were without peritonitis and during episodes of clinical infection. Peritonitis was associated with a significantly decreased dialysate effluent volume, increased absorption of glucose, clearance of urea and creatinine, and protein loss in the dialysate effluent. We suggest that the changes occurring to the peritoneal dialyzing surface with peritonitis might be explained by alterations in peritoneal blood flow, effective membrane surface area, or permeability. PMID- 7241885 TI - Hemodynamic and single nephron function during the maintenance phase of ischemic acute renal failure in the dog. AB - We studied ischemic acute renal failure in 28 dogs by micropuncture, microsphere, morphologic, and whole kidney hemodynamic techniques, 18 to 24 hours after the renal artery was clamped (clamping time, 60 to 90 min). Before the artery was clamped, renal blood flow (RBF) averaged 3.49 +/- (SEM) 0.23 ml/min x g and was not significantly different (3.70 +/- 0.34 ml/min x g) 18 hours after the ischemic episode. RBF autoregulatory capability was, however, significantly reduced. Fractional outer cortical blood flow decreased slightly from 41 +/- 2 to 36 +/- 3% (P less than 0.05) postischemia. Single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) was highly variable from one animal to the next and ranged from 0 to 87 nl/min (mean, 36 +/- [SEM] 7 nl/min) in a manner similar to whole kidney inulin clearance, which ranged from 0 to 0.56 ml/min x g (mean, 0.30 +/- 0.05 ml+min x g). The correlation coefficient between SNGFR and inulin clearance was highly significant, indicating an association between SNGFR and whole kidney GFR. Proximal tubule pressure (PTP) averaged 20 +/- (SEM) 1 mm Hg. In 6 dogs, the glomerular filtration coefficient (Kf) was determined by measurements of stop flow pressure, colloid osmotic pressure, SNGFR, PTP, and single nephron filtration fraction, Kf was below that obtained for control animals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies indicated that the endothelial fenestrations were reduced in number and size. These studies suggest that one major characteristic of ischemic nephropathy in the dog is a derangement in the filtration process. The maintenance of RBF in the postischemic phase may occur by utilization of the autoregulatory reserve of the renal vasculature. PMID- 7241886 TI - Renal net acid excretion in the adrenalectomized rat. AB - Although adrenalectomy is usually associated with an impairment of ammonium and/or titratable acid excretion by the kidney, it is uncertain whether rates of renal net acid excretion are also reduced. Further, it is unclear whether the absence of the adrenal gland itself or other factors of adrenal insufficiency mediate such changes in renal acidification parameters. For example, dramatic increases in ammonium excretion can accompany correction of the hyperkalemia seen in adrenal insufficiency. There is also evidence that reduced rates of acid excretion can result from changes in food intake, urine flow rate, urine pH or distal sodium delivery rates. With these considerations in mind, we undertook studies to isolate the chronic effects of adrenalectomy on renal net acid excretion rates in the unanaesthetized rat. To avoid supranormal potassium stores, we gave the adrenalectomized animals potassium-restricted diets. In balance studies, urine flow rates, urine pH, food intake, and distal sodium delivery rates were all successfully controlled for 13 days by pair feeding and by appropriately changing the sodium and potassium contents of diets. Adrenalectomized rats excreted less net acid than did control animals with or without ammonium chloride loading. Further, the severe metabolic acidosis associated with ammonium chloride loading was clearly mitigated by steroid replacement. Accordingly, we conclude that the adrenal gland is essential for normal renal net acid excretion. PMID- 7241887 TI - Gentamicin incorporation along the nephron: autoradiographic study on isolated tubules. AB - Gentamicin is a nephrotoxic antibiotic of the aminoglycoside group, which accumulates within the renal cortex. The present study is an attempt to localize precisely the sites of gentamicin accumulation along isolated tubular segments. We performed autoradiography of 3 H-gentamicin (3H-G) uptake on isolated tubules from kidneys of 6 rabbits previously treated by a single dose of this drug (125 muCi/kg of body wt; 140 microgram/kg of body wt). Isolated tubules were obtained by microdissection following collagenase incubation, 4 hours after 3H-G administration. Autoradiography of single isolated tubular segments was performed according to a dry-film technique. Results were as follows. Almost no gentamicin incorporation (less than 2 silver grains per 150 micrometer2) takes place along the distal parts of the nephron, from the beginning of the loop of Henle to the end of the medullary collecting duct. No differences were visible along these parts of the nephron, whatever their localization, cortical or medullary, In the proximal tubule (PT), we observed a gradual regular increase in 3H-G accumulation, from the glomerulus to the end of the pars recta. The silver grain density progressively increased along this structure from the very early PT (5 per 150 micrometer2) to the last millimeter of the pars recta (40 per 150 micrometers). No clear difference between superficial and juxtamedullary nephrons was detected. The possible mechanisms that could account for this observed variation in 3H-G cellular uptake along the PT are discussed. PMID- 7241888 TI - Evidence of activation of the renal glutamate dehydrogenase pathway in intact acidotic dogs. AB - To determine if activity of the renal glutamate dehydrogenase (GD) pathway changes during chronic acidosis in intact dogs, we assessed the deamination of glutamate formed within renal cells during glutamine and alanine infusions. Infusing glutamine into chronically acidotic, normal and acutely alkalotic dogs enhanced renal ammonia production; more was formed as glutamine loading increased. In 4 acidotic dogs, the ratio of ammonia produced to glutamine extracted by the kidneys during exogenous glutamine loading was 1.93 compared with 0.99 for 5 alkalotic dogs and 1.23 for 2 control dogs. Little glutamate and alanine were released into the renal vein in acidotic dogs, whereas over 50% of the exogenous glutamine extracted in acutely alkalotic dogs could be accounted for as glutamate and alanine released into the renal vein. Renal glutamate concentrations were not elevated in acidosis compared with alkalosis despite greater deamidation. When glutamine infusions increased renal ammoniagenesis in acutely alkalotic and control dogs to levels seen in chronically acidotic dogs receiving no exogenous glutamine, approximately 4 to 6 times more glutamate was released from the kidneys. Infusing alanine into 7 chronically acidotic dogs enhanced ammoniagenesis significantly (p less than 0.01), but lesser augmentation was seen in 3 control dogs and no augmentation was seen in 6 acutely alkalotic dogs. The increases were secondary to enhanced glutamate deamination, not secondary to any changes in glutamine extraction and/or transaminase activity. We conclude that the glutamate dehydrogenase pathway is more active in intact acidotic dogs than it is in control and alkalotic dogs. PMID- 7241890 TI - Glucose absorption during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) are exposed to a continuous infusion of glucose via their peritoneal cavity. We performed studies to quantitate the amount of energy derived from dialysate glucose. Net glucose absorption averaged 182 +/- (SD) 61 g/day in 19 studies with a dialysate dextrose concentration of 1.5 or 4.25 g/dl. The amount of glucose absorbed per liter of dialysate (y) varied with the concentration of glucose in dialysate (x), (y = 11.3x - 10.9, r = 0.96). The amount of glucose absorbed per day during a given dialysis regimen was constant. Energy intake from dialysate glucose was 8.4 +/- 2.8 kcal/kg of body wt per day, or 12 to 34% of total energy intake. This additional energy may contribute to the anabolic effect reported during CAPD. The ability to vary glucose absorption by altering the dialysate glucose concentration may prove a useful tool to modify energy intake. PMID- 7241889 TI - Isolation of anionic sialoproteins from the rat glomerulus. AB - The epithelial glomerular polyanion (GPA) designates an array of sialic acid containing sites along the surface of the glomerular epithelium which react with cationic dyes or probes. In this work, sequential rat glomerular isolation, ultrasonic disruption, trypsin digestion, ion-exchange chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been used to isolate anionic sialoglycoproteins from the glomerular epithelium. Because colloidal iron (CI) reactivity has been used to define the GPA histologically, we used a modification of the CI reaction to monitor and direct the isolation procedure. Three major fractions have been recognized and isolated in homogeneity. Antibodies to two of the fractions have been raised by immunization in rabbits. Indirect immunofluorescent and peroxidase-antibody techniques have localized both antigens to the glomerular visceral epithelium of normal rat kidney. This identification and definition of components of the GPA is valuable in delineating a role for GPA in glomerular function. PMID- 7241891 TI - Aluminum removal by hemodialysis. AB - Aluminum kinetics were studied in 24 patients on chronic hemodialysis. All patients had elevated predialytic serum concentrations of aluminum (mean, 3.44 mumoles/liter), which correlated significantly with the ingestion of aluminum hydroxide (P less than 0.01). Simultaneous measurements of aluminum in plasma and ultrafiltrate revealed an ultrafiltrability of about 20% of total plasma aluminum, thus suggesting that 80% of aluminum is protein bound. When a dialysate with a very low aluminum content (varying from 0.1 to 0.3 mumoles/liter) was used, mean values across the dialyzer were 3.20 and 2.67 mumoles/liter, respectively, showing a significant decrease of plasma aluminum during dialyzer passage (P less than 0.0001). It could be shown that dialysance of aluminum depends on the concentration gradient between the free diffusible plasma aluminum and the dialysate aluminum concentration. After 6 hours of dialysis, plasma aluminum concentrations were significantly lower than were predialysis values (P less than 0.0001). We conclude that a negative aluminum balance during hemodialysis can be assumed as long as the aluminum concentration of free diffusible plasma aluminum lies above the aluminum concentration of the dialysate. PMID- 7241892 TI - Protein losses during peritoneal dialysis. AB - The losses of protein into dialysate have been considered a major limitation of maintenance peritoneal dialysis. We, therefore, undertook a comprehensive evaluation of protein losses in 30 patients undergoing maintenance intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD), 12 patients undergoing acute IPD, and 8 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The weekly loss of protein based upon the usual treatments per week was relatively similar with the three modes of dialysis. Protein losses during repeated dialyses were similar for a given patient, but there was repeated dialyses were similar for a given patient, but there was marked interpatient variation. During maintenance IPD, protein loss was 12.9 +/- (SD) 4.4 g per 10 hours of dialysis; albumin loss was 8.5 g, and IgG loss was 1.3 g. Approximately 50% of the protein loss was from the ascitic fluid accumulated during the interdialytic interval, and concentrations of most proteins in the ascitic fluid correlated with their serum levels. Serum protein concentrations were in the low, normal range and did not change during dialysis. The development of peritonitis markedly increased protein losses. During acute IPD, 23.3 +/- 16.5 g of protein were lost per 36 hours of dialysis, lower losses than those previously reported. With CAPD, 8.8 +/- 1.7 g of protein were removed per 24 hours; also immunoglobulin losses correlated with their serum concentrations. The results of these studies suggest that, in the absence of peritonitis, dialysate protein losses do not appear to limit the usefulness of peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7241893 TI - Changes in glomerular filtration rate during complete ureteral obstruction in rats. PMID- 7241894 TI - Glomerular disease complicating abdominal sepsis. PMID- 7241895 TI - [Postoperative complications in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7241896 TI - [Nasoduodenal drainage as a prophylactic method in suture incompetence of the duodenal stump]. PMID- 7241897 TI - [Mechanical obstruction of the intestines as a complication of the early postoperative period]. PMID- 7241898 TI - [Dynamics of free and protein-bound blood oxyproline in acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 7241899 TI - [Combined treatment of peritonitis of appendicular origin by the intra-aortic administration of antibiotics]. PMID- 7241900 TI - [Treatment of appendicular peritonitis in middle-aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 7241902 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of simple appendicitis]. PMID- 7241901 TI - [Adhesions after appendectomy and their prevention]. PMID- 7241903 TI - [State of organ blood flow and rheological properties of the blood in acute peritonitis]. PMID- 7241904 TI - [Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of combined closed injuries to the abdominal organs and other anatomical areas]. PMID- 7241906 TI - [Surgical procedure in severe forms of nonspecific ulcerative colitis taking into account the predicted outcome of ileostomy]. PMID- 7241905 TI - [Treatment results in pancreatic fistulae using a method of occluding the pancreatic duct]. PMID- 7241907 TI - [Selective proximal vagotomy with duodenoplasty in the surgery of ulcerative duodenal stenosis]. PMID- 7241908 TI - [Immediate and late therapeutic results in acute cholecystitis in the elderly]. PMID- 7241909 TI - [Surgical experience in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7241910 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of closed liver injuries]. PMID- 7241911 TI - [Experience with the therapy of peritonitis]. PMID- 7241913 TI - [Use of acupuncture reflexotherapy in intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 7241912 TI - [Vagotomy and gastric drainage operations in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhages of ulcerative etiology]. PMID- 7241915 TI - [Extent of intestinal resection in strangulated hernias]. PMID- 7241914 TI - [Colonic diverticula]. PMID- 7241916 TI - [Multiple and combined closed injuries of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 7241917 TI - [Foreign bodies of the esophagus, stomach and intestines]. PMID- 7241918 TI - [Changes in metabolic processes and acid-base balance in destructive forms of acute cholecystitis in the middle-aged and elderly patient]. PMID- 7241919 TI - [Medical care in road traffic accidents before hospitalization]. PMID- 7241920 TI - [Acute gastric and intestinal ulcers in treatment with steroid and nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents]. PMID- 7241921 TI - [A case of perforated ulcer of the gastric fundus with the formation of a gastrodiaphragmatic-pleural fistula and pleural empyema]. PMID- 7241923 TI - [Late results of an appendectomy performed for acute, simple appendicitis]. PMID- 7241922 TI - [Gradual development of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 7241924 TI - [Successful thromboembolectomy from the abdominal aorta after an operation for destructive appendicitis]. PMID- 7241925 TI - [Pylephlebitis as a complication of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 7241926 TI - [Indices of cellular and humoral body reactivity in acute appendicitis]. PMID- 7241927 TI - [Peridural blockade in the combined treatment and prevention of postoperative functional intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 7241928 TI - [Care of patients with strangulated hernias]. PMID- 7241929 TI - [Legal considerations in eye surgery (author's transl)]. AB - When the life of a patient depends upon an organ transplant it is justifiable to proceed with the operation without waiting for permission from the donor's relatives. Strictly speaking this situation does not apply to corneal transplantation. Although malpractice--which is not identical with common law liability--is defined restrictively, numerous liability claims against doctors arise due to inadequate explanation of proposed procedures. Doctors must pay more attention to the patient's right to information. However, in striving to respect the patient's right to choose for himself one should not dwell unnecessarily on possible complications, thereby unsettling or frightening the patient. The four operative categories, namely emergency procedure, operation of choice, prophylactic operation and cosmetic operation, require, in that order, increasingly thorough preoperative discussion with the patient. The various means of proving that a patient has indeed been adequately informed preoperatively are discussed and the shortcomings of forms are mentioned. An entry in the medical records containing details of the preoperative discussion with the patient should become routine. The commonest mistakes leading to malpractice suits against ophthalmologists in the USA are briefly mentioned. PMID- 7241930 TI - [Surgical treatment of senile entropion and ectropion of the lower lid (author's transl)]. AB - a) Entropion: When developing or discussing a surgical technique one should try to understand how senile entropion develops. On the basis of clinical observation we can develop a suitable surgical technique from our knowledge of atonic (never spastic) entropion. The technique is described and results discussed. b) Ectropion: Clinical observations indicate two distinct causes of pathology: either elongation of the tarsus or loosening at the points of attachment. The surgical technique should be adapted on the basis of this observation. Surgical methods are discussed. PMID- 7241931 TI - [Lid surgery (author's transl)]. AB - From the anatomical and physiological point of view th eyelid may be divided into three layers: a deep layer, comprising the tarsi and the canthal tendons with the levator aponeurosis and the lower lid retractors, the orbicularis muscle layer, and the skin. The surgical particularities of each of these layers are outlined. In the management of eyelid injuries the meticulous reconstruction of the medial canthal tendon and canthus is of paramount importance. Only after this are the lids closed from medially to laterally and from deep to superficial tissues. PMID- 7241932 TI - [Lacrimal surgery]. AB - Tear drainage may be disturbed due to the lack of a connection between the drainage system and the lacus lacrimalis or an obstruction within the drainage system. The connection to the drainage system may be reconstructed by surgery of the puncta. The one-snip and two-snip procedures described by L. T. Jones and the plasty of the punctum by Bangerter are mentioned. A torn canaliculus is repaired by internal splinting with silastic tubing which is inserted as a small, continuous loop. As the upper canaliculus may be of greater importance for the transportation of tears, a reconstruction of the upper canaliculus should also be attempted. Canalicular obstruction may be treated by intubation of the drainage system with silastic tubing. The following complications of this treatment have been observed: ulcera of the cornea and conjunctiva, slitting of the punctum, expression of the intubated silastic loop, closure of the nasal ostium after dacryocystorhinostomy as a result of a chronic irritation by the silastic tube. If reconstruction of the canalicular system is no longer possible, a direct anastomosis between conjunctiva, lacrimal sac and nose may be performed. The dacryocystorhinostomy remains the first choice operation for obstructions below the lacrimal sac. Treatment of the connatal lacrimal obstruction is performed in three steps: conservative treatment with compression of the lacrimal sac, hydraulic pressure flushing and probing. PMID- 7241934 TI - [Surgical treatment of eye muscle palsies (author's transl)]. AB - The surgical treatment of an eye muscle palsy is indicated at the end stage of all possible conservative therapeutic measures. If after an interval of 8 to 12 months an eye muscle palsy manifests no change of pattern, the indication for surgical treatment is given, provided the pathologic process causing the palsy is no longer active. Of great importance for the evaluation of surgery are the forced duction test, measurement of saccadic velocity and electromyography. The aim of the surgical intervention is to eliminate diplopia and restore parallelism of the visual axes if possible with every line of vision, but above all with the largest possible visual field in the primary position and in downwards gaze. Any eye muscle palsy produces an overaction of the homolateral antagonist, an overfunction of the contralateral synergist and a secondary inhibition of the contralateral antagonist. Theoretically four surgical possibilities would result from these conditions. However, in practice the choice is reduced to weakening (recession, faden-operation) of the homolateral antagonist or the contralateral synergist or possibly both and to strengthening (resection, tucking) of the primary paretic muscle. Not infrequently, the surgical intervention has to be performed in different steps on different muscles of both eyes. In cases of total palsies muscles transposition or transplantation procedures (Hummelsheim O'Connor, Jensen etc.) must be considered. A promising new method of restoring innervation to a paralyzed muscle is muscular neurotization (implantation of the inferior oblique muscle into the paralyzed denervated external rectus muscle in cases of abducens nerve paralysis). PMID- 7241933 TI - [Introduction to orbital surgery (author's transl)]. AB - After a revision of orbital anatomy, the following problems are exposed: necessary examinations to localize a tumoral invasion, interest of biopsy and its limits, determination of the type of treatment and description of surgical approaches, if surgery is decided. PMID- 7241935 TI - [Indications for interventions on oblique muscles of the eye (author's transl)]. AB - Interventions in cases of vertical squint are done in most cases on the oblique muscles. Vertical squint occurs most frequently as a vertical component in horizontal deviations in children with early concomitant strabismus. Without horizontal deviation but with binocular vision, it is rare in symmetric, but rather frequent in asymmetric forms: the sursoadductory form occurs as "congenital trochlear paresis", the deorsoadductory form as "Brown's syndrome". Acquired paresis can cause oblique vertical forms of squint. Operative indications to be observed: 1. Size and nature of vertical deviation, changes of field of gaze. In horizontal and vertical changes of gaze, different patterns of incomitance have to be observed. 2. Horizontal components of squint: Their correction does not abolish VD (vertical deviation), this should be performed by intervention on the obliqui. In A- and V- incomitance with dysfunction of the vertical motors, these have to be operated on. 3. Method of fixation: If forms of upper squint are asymmetric, both eyes should be operated on. PMID- 7241936 TI - [Anterior chamber lens implantation with intracapsular cataract extraction (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1977 and the end of August 1980 150 anterior chamber lenses were implanted at the Basel Eye Clinic. Ninety six eyes were followed up for more than three months after intracapsular cataract extraction and implantation of a Binkhorst 4 loop lens. The indications for the operation are reviewed, the operative technique and postoperative management are briefly mentioned and the complications are discussed. One lens was removed because of hypopyon iritis and four lenses became subluxated but were all repositioned without resorting to surgery. The most worrying complication was cystoid macular edema, observed in 8% of cases and always associated with iritis. So far no patients have developed permanent corneal edema. It is important that lens implantation is only attempted when one is fully conversant with anterior segment surgery; having mastered the technique of implantation one should perfect one method before trying out another. The question of intracapsular versus extracapsular extraction and the type of lens used, provided one chooses a currently available model, is probably of secondary importance. Clearly defined indications and a detailed discussion with the patient are prerequisites. Despite this, an anterior chamber lens represents a very dubious benefit for certain patients. PMID- 7241937 TI - [Extracapsular cataract extraction combined with the implantation of an intraocular lens (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1973 and 1980 349 intraocular lenses were implanted after intracapsular and 470 after extracapsular cataract operation. The results and complications are evaluated: following intracapsular lens extraction a 4-loop Binkhorst lens (iris clip lens) was inserted in all cases. Following extracapsular cataract operation a 2-loop Binkhorst lens (iridocapsular lens) was implanted in 194, a 4-loop lens in 276 cases. The two complications occurring most frequently were an Irvine-Gass syndrome in 10% following intracapsular, and a disturbing secondary cataract necessitating a discision in 19% after extracapsular lens extraction. A dislocation-decentration of the pseudophakos was observed in some cases after extracapsular cataract operation. It is therefore recommended that the extracapsular be preferred to the intracapsular cataract extraction, that a 4 loop lens be implanted, secured by a transiridectomy suture, but that the haptic part of the intraocular lens should not be inserted in the capsular bag. It is of paramount importance, especially in young pseudophakic patients, to prescribe carefully an additional optical correction, preferably progressive glasses. PMID- 7241938 TI - [Myopic astigmatism for increased depth of focus in pseudophakia (author's transl)]. AB - The optimal refraction after lens implantation is a slight simple myopic astigmatism for patients wishing to see without glasses. The depth of focus is increased in myopic astigmatism because the shape, rather than the size, of the blurred retinal image changes as Sturm's conoid moves over the retina. Such a refraction can be obtained in pseudophakia if the corneal power change induced by surgery is taken into consideration when the intraocular lens. The induced corneal ametropia is a spherocylinder with a very low equivalent power. The results in a series of 50 successive implants employing these principles are described. The depth of fucus is best in simple myopic astigmatism. PMID- 7241939 TI - [Iridectomy]. AB - The importance of v. Graefe's iridectomy is considered in the light of medical history. Modern indications for iridectomy, including possible variations (sector iridectomy, peripheral, basal iridectomy) are discussed. Surgical techniques (scleral incision with conjunctival flap, corneal incision, laser iridotomy) and their advantages and complications are described. PMID- 7241940 TI - [Trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy (author's transl)]. AB - After recalling the aim of trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy, the author mentions similar techniques, which were in use before the microsurgical era. Some details of the two techniques, performed at Zurich University Eye Clinic exclusively under the operating microscope, are presented, as well as their indications and results. Trabeculotomy is used only for congenital glaucoma, while trabeculectomy is indicated in all forms of adult glaucoma and even for combined glaucoma and cataract operations. Neither technique, nor even a combination of the two, appreciable unproved the prognosis of buphthalmos, but the success rate of trabeculectomy in adult glaucoma is about 80%. Possible complications are mentioned, and alternative techniques, which can be performed either in cases of failure or by surgeons, who do not have at their disposal an operating microscope, which is indispensable for these two operations. PMID- 7241941 TI - [Primary wound closure after eye injuries. An analysis of 100 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Penetrating eye injuries occur frequently during children's games or in the household, are caused by road accidents or at work. Of a series of 100 consecutive primary wound repairs 89% were perforation and 11% ruptures of the globe. In 53% of the analyzed injuries the wound was limited to the cornea, in 29% to the sclera and in 18% there was a combined corneoscleral wound. The lens and the vitreous were injured in one-third of the cases. The aim of the primary repair in penetrating injuries of the anterior segment is a watertight wound closure and the reconstitution of the anterior chamber. Intraocular foreign bodies are extracted in an atraumatic manner after exact localization. In extensive injuries of the posterior segment an adequate retinal detachment prophylaxis is part of the primary wound repair. The final result after rupture of the globe is rather unsatisfactory. The result in penetrating injuries is better and depends on the extent of the changes of the bulbar wall and the involvement of the intraocular structures. In the treatment of eyes with penetrating injuries the functional results are good in about 30%. PMID- 7241943 TI - [Vitrectomy general considerations (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of approximately 700 pars plana vitrectomies performed by the author during the past nine years, some general aspects of this new surgical technique are discussed. Since we remove the vitreous in some cases today, whereas ten years ago we took the utmost care to preserve it, some speculations on the function of the vitreous are discussed. The importance of the clinical examination for the indication for vitrectomy is pointed out. Finally, some general results are given and the further development of vitrectomy is outlined. PMID- 7241942 TI - [The use of viscous substances as stabilizers (author's transl)]. AB - Viscous substances are important surgical tools for stabilizing otherwise unstable intraocular spaces and subcompartments. They increase the safety of a great variety of operations such as intraocular implants, extraction of subluxated lenses, keratoplasty, cyclodialysis, filtering procedures, vitrectomy, prevention of hemorrhages (as well as maintaining the patency of lacrimal pathways). PMID- 7241945 TI - [Hemangiomas of the fundus: clinical picture and treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Hemangiomas of the fundus of the eye are rare. Nevertheless it is of great importance to know them, because some of them may lead to blindness or are part of a syndrome in which other organs of the body are involved. In this case the life of the patient may be in danger. Therefore, the clinical picture and treatment of the most important hemangiomas, such as the hemangioma of the choroid, the arteriovenous hemangioma of the retina, Leber's miliary aneurysms, Coats' disease and von Hippel's disease are discussed. The last three respond very well to treatment, but only when it is started early in the disease. Most suitable are the different coagulation methods, such as photocoagulation, (xenon, laser), cryocoagulation and diathermy. PMID- 7241944 TI - [Retinal detachment]. AB - Over the last few years there has been a further increase in the surgical treatment of the retinal detachment. Reapplication of the retina is now very often achieved immediately. Repeated intervention has become less common and operative methods less aggressive. This communication aims to give an idea of present concepts in the treatment of retinal detachment and to explain some surgical attitudes. It also recalls the importance of early diagnosis, as well as the examination methods and the prophylactic measures generally used. Some new ideas on the etiology of retinal detachment are also discussed. PMID- 7241946 TI - [Retinoblastoma, a curable tumor (author's transl)]. AB - The retinoblastoma is one of the rare curable malignant tumors. Its diagnosis is usually simple, but the first signs are late in appearing and not always recognized. The reasons for delay in diagnosis are examined, and the clinical picture and treatment discussed. PMID- 7241948 TI - [Alterations of humoral and cellular immunity after splenectomy (author's transl)]. AB - In twenty-seven splenectomized patients, who had undergone splenectomy for trauma (n=13) and thirty-one immunologically healthy persons, matched for age and sex, the following immunological parameters were examined: Serum immunoglobulins M, A, G, D and E, complement factors C3, C4 and the serum haemolytic complement activity (Ch 50), as well as the ratio and in vitro reagibility of B-and T lymphocytes measured by transformation responses to the non-specific mitogens Phytohamagglutinin, Concanavalin A and Pokeweed-Mitogen. The phagocytic capacity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils was tested by the Nitroblue tetrazolium test. Total peripheral lymphocytes, B- und T-lymphocytes from splenectomized patients were significantly higher than in healthy controls (p less than 0.01). The PHA response in splenectomized patients was significantly depressed (p less than 0.01) as compared to nonsplenectomized controls. Also IgM serum concentration was found to be significantly lower in these patients (p less than 0.01). No differences were observed between patients, who had been splenectomized 7 months to 5 years or 6 to 14 years ago. The comparison of persons splenectomized for traumatological or haematological disorders showed statistically no significant differences. The importance of the spleen for the primary immune response is discussed. PMID- 7241947 TI - [Treatment results of Hodgkin's disease, stages I and II (author's transl)]. AB - The results obtained in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease, stages I and II, are discussed comparing survival data of the literature after various radiotherapy programs and after combined modality using additional chemotherapy. In stage IA 90 to 97% and in stage IIA 75 to 80% of patients are not prone to relapse after extended-field irradiation. In stage IIB 0 to 80% long-lasting remissions are reported after radiotherapy. Additional chemotherapy improved relapse-free survival, but not overall survival in stages I and II. Subgroups are discussed which bear a high risk of relapsing disease (big mediastinal masses, E-lesions of the lungs, histological findings with lymphocyte depletion). PMID- 7241949 TI - [T3-hyperthyroidism under the aspects of secretion and peripheral production of thyroid hormones (author's transl)]. AB - In contrast to T4/T3-hyperthyroidism, where T4, T3, and r-T3 serum concentrations (SC) are elevated, in T3-hyperthyroidism the T3-SC alone is increased, whereas T4 SC is normal and r-T3 may be decreased. Endogenous labelling of T4 with 131I is increased in T3-hyperthyroidism similarly as in T4/T3-hyperthyroidism, clearly reflecting an increased thyroidal formation of T4 in T3-hyperthyroidism. The contradiction of a normal SC to T4 in the presence of enhanced thyroidal formation of T4 may be explained by increased peripheral T4-deiodination. Since in T3-hyperthyroidism T3-SC are elevated whereas r-T3-SC are decreased, there is good evidence for a shift in T4 conversion. PMID- 7241950 TI - Clinical implications of serum digoxin concentrations. AB - Factors influencing serum digoxin concentrations, and the relation of these levels to classical electrocardiographic (ECG) and clinical manifestations of toxicity, were assessed in a series of 463 consecutively hospitalized patients of mean age 58 years. The majority of patients were receiving beta-acetyldigoxin or beta-methyldigoxin. Age, sex, creatinine clearance, and weight-corrected dose collectively explained less than 7% of overall variability in serum digoxin concentrations; creatinine clearance, which declined significantly with age (r= 0.36, p less than 0.001) was the most important of these determinants. ST-segment depression was present in the majority of patients and became more common at higher serum digoxin concentrations. However, PR interval, QRS durations, QT interval, or the presence of AV block were not associated with serum levels. Among 75 patients with atrial fibrillation, ventricular rate did not decline with increasing digoxin concentrations. The presence of gastrointestinal, neuromuscular, or psychiatric symptoms classically attributed to digitalis toxicity was not associated with serum digoxin concentration. Serum levels of digoxin appear to be of limited value in assessing the degree of digitalization. PMID- 7241952 TI - [Determination of O-agglutinins against Yersinia enterocolitica by the indirect hemagglutination test (author's transl)]. AB - O-agglutinins against Yersinia enterocolitica serovar 03 and serovar 09 in serum specimens were determined by the indirect (passive) hemagglutination test and the Widal technique. The hemagglutination test was carried out in microtitre plates with formalized and sensitized turkey erythrocytes. Cell wall antigens (lipopolysaccharides) were prepared by the phenol-water method. The indirect hemagglutination test had a high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, this test has the advantage of being easier to set up and read than the bacteria agglutination. No unspecific reactions were observed. PMID- 7241951 TI - [Disease-specific renal failure in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy - remission by high dose prednisolone. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a 64 years old male with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL) is reported, who developed disease specific infiltration of the kidneys with progressive destruction of renal parenchyma leading to high grade renal insufficiency. This unusual organ manifestation of AIL has not been previously reported. By treatment with high dose prednisolone and intense supportive therapy the patient underwent complete remission of AIL with preservation of the remaining renal function. Clinical, laboratory and immunological data are given as well as a light and electron microscopic evaluation of the renal involvement. PMID- 7241954 TI - [Ferrokinetics: principles, results, indications (author's transl)]. AB - The principles of ferrokinetics, especially the determination of the plasma iron clearance, the plasma iron turnover, the utilization rate, and the localization of erythropoiesis are presented. According to our results in different haematologic disorders only osteomyelofibrosclerosis and aplastic anaemia are an indication for ferrokinetics. The importance of this procedure is illustrated by some typical case reports. PMID- 7241953 TI - Digoxin-quinidine interaction in patients with renal failure. AB - Investigations were performed in order to study whether or not quinidine would exert similar effects on the serum digoxin concentration in patients with renal failure as in normal subjects. Fourteen out of fifteen patients showed a significant increase of the serum digoxin level after four days of quinidine application. This indicates, that the quinidine effect is not solely caused by a decrease of the renal digoxin clearance, although nine patients, not being hemodialysed, revealed a correlation between their creatinine clearance and the rise of the serum digoxin concentration after quinidine. As however, the patients on hemodialysis did not show higher digoxin levels than those treated conservatively, it is suggested that the degree of the uremic intoxication might be responsible for the observed correlation. PMID- 7241955 TI - Thyroid function and thyroid hormone metabolism in elderly people. Low T3 syndrome in old age? AB - T4-, T3- and reverse-T3 concentrations were measured in the sera of 365 subjects beyond the age of 65 in order to evaluate if the decrease of serum T3 frequently observed in old age can be attributed to old age per se or to concomitant nonthyroidal disease. The results obtained from a carefully selected healthy group of elderly people show that 1) total and free T3 levels are lower in senescence but well within the range for euthyroidism in younger healty controls;2) the decrease of serum T3 is more pronounced and occurs earlier in healthy old males than in females, so that for subjects over the age of 75, the upper limit for euthyroidism has to be adjusted by 10% in women and by 20% in men; and 3) there is no low T3 syndrome characterized by decreased serum T3 and increased serum reverse T3, solely due to old age. Turnover kinetics have shown the daily production of T4 and T3 in old age to decrease by 20 micrograms and 10 micrograms, respectively, and an increased T3 metabolic clearance not to account for the reduction of serum T3 concentrations. Combined stimulation tests with TSH and TRH showed that the functional reserve of the thyroid gland to produce T3 is maintained in old age. The first step in the sequence of events may be seen in an impairment of TSH secretion leading to an adaptation of the amount of thyroid hormones to a reduced mass of metabolically active body tissue in old age. PMID- 7241956 TI - Diuretic treatment and serum lipoproteins: effects of tienilic acid and indapamide. AB - Treatment with the commonly used diuretic, chlorthalidone, has previously been found to increase the serum low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) fraction. Therefore, the effects of two new agents, tienilic acid (a combined diuretic uricosuric) and indapamide on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were assessed. Six weeks of treatment with tienilic acid, 250 mg/day, markedly decreased serum uric acid and significantly increased LDL-C and triglycerides in 16 men. In contrast, indapamide 2.5 mg/day, had no apparent influence on serum lipids or lipoproteins in 18 men. PMID- 7241957 TI - Serum levels of myoglobin and creatine kinase in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Using a sensitive myoglobin-radioimmunoassay (Mb-RIA) serum Mb was measured in 50 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and compared with the serum creatine kinase (CK) activities. The Mb concentrations (normal range 4-60 ng/ml) measured ranged between 160-6,000 ng/ml and did not only show a significant correlation to the CK but also an inverse relationship to the age of the patients. It is suggested that Mb is an essential adjunct in the diagnosis of DMD. PMID- 7241958 TI - An autopsied case of congestive type of idiopathic familial cardiomyopathy with aortic medionecrosis--with clinical considerations of his family. PMID- 7241959 TI - An experimental study on the relationship between the degree of ST-segment elevation and the change in QRS configuration in coronary ligated dogs. PMID- 7241961 TI - [Clinical aspects and course of hyperosmolar coma]. PMID- 7241960 TI - [Case of food poisoning complicated by arrhythmia]. PMID- 7241962 TI - [Case of diabetes insipidus periodically occurring in acute respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 7241963 TI - [Clinical value of roentgenological methods in gastroenterology]. PMID- 7241964 TI - [Hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid system in euthyroid and nodular goiter in the postoperative period]. PMID- 7241965 TI - [Ultrasonic echography of the pancreas]. PMID- 7241966 TI - [Echographic and thermographic methods of diagnosing chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7241968 TI - [Multiple gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7241969 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of papillitis]. PMID- 7241967 TI - [Peroral tidazin test in the study of gastric secretion]. PMID- 7241971 TI - [Glomerulonephritis and late pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 7241972 TI - [Nephroptosis and its clinical manifestations]. PMID- 7241973 TI - [Diagnostic value of plasminogen in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7241974 TI - [Outcome of the recurrent form of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7241970 TI - [Disorders of liver function in chronic colitis]. PMID- 7241975 TI - [Clinical course of thyroid in middle-aged and aged patients]. PMID- 7241976 TI - [Treatment of Reiter's syndrome]. PMID- 7241977 TI - [Case of distal renal tubular acidosis in a young man]. PMID- 7241978 TI - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7241979 TI - [Lipoatrophic diabetes]. PMID- 7241981 TI - [Clinical manifestations of hereditary angioneurotic edema]. PMID- 7241982 TI - [Exudative pericarditis ina patient with ulcerative autonomic pyoderma]. PMID- 7241983 TI - [Recurrent intestinal hemorrhage in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7241980 TI - [Case of diffuse lipomatosis of the neck]. PMID- 7241984 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of hemochromatosis in women]. PMID- 7241986 TI - [Tracheobronchial dyskinesia in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7241987 TI - [Biologically active substances and blood oxygenation in lung diseases]. PMID- 7241985 TI - [Modern laboratory diagnosis of liver diseases]. PMID- 7241988 TI - [Vascular tumors of the mediastinum and lungs]. PMID- 7241989 TI - [Exudative pleurisy in pancreatitis]. PMID- 7241990 TI - [Bile biochemical studies in chronic hepatobiliary diseases]. PMID- 7241991 TI - [Biochemistry and bile lithogenic properties in biliary pathology]. PMID- 7241992 TI - [Liver functional state in chronic viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7241993 TI - [Hemostatic state in various forms of pancreatitis]. PMID- 7241995 TI - [Staged treatment of peptic ulcer recurrence]. PMID- 7241996 TI - [Perforating duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7241994 TI - [Corticosteroid treatment experience in acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7241997 TI - [Exocrine pancreas function in chronic gastroduodenitis]. PMID- 7241998 TI - [Function and structure of the esophagogastric junction in duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7241999 TI - [Gastric bezoars]. PMID- 7242001 TI - [Treatment of severe acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7242000 TI - [Case of pulmonary Mycobacterium fortuitum infection]. PMID- 7242002 TI - [Generalized actinomycosis]. PMID- 7242003 TI - [2 cases of sudden death in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7242007 TI - Hemodynamic studies on esophageal varices formation in the portal hypertensive dogs. PMID- 7242005 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the lung]. PMID- 7242004 TI - [Case of pulmonary hemorrhage in Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 7242006 TI - [Pleural and pericardial lesion in salmonellosis]. PMID- 7242008 TI - Observation on a case of acinic cell tumor by SEM and TEM. PMID- 7242009 TI - Study on morphological changes of ovaries in mice exposed to 60CO gamma ray irradiation. Histogenesis of interstitial cells in an early stage. PMID- 7242010 TI - Tardive dyskinesia treated with clonidine. PMID- 7242012 TI - The ovariectomized female rat as a model animal for the study of adaptation to endurance training. AB - The effect of a 6-week endurance training program on food consumption and weight gain was investigated in intact and castrated male and female rats. Training decreased on weight gain and food consumption in both intact and castrated male rats. Intact female rats increased food consumption during training and had larger lean body weights than untrained-intact females at the end of the training program. However, the trained-ovariectomized rats consumed the same amount of food as the untrained-ovariectomized group and had similar lean body weights at the end of the training program. Thus, the ovariectomized female rat appears to be a good model for the study of adaptation to endurance training. PMID- 7242011 TI - In vitro activity of select antibiotics against Mycoplasma pulmonis from rats and mice. PMID- 7242014 TI - Dual purpose mouse cage rack for holding and washing plastic cages and lids. PMID- 7242013 TI - Clostridium difficile antitoxin neutralization of cecal toxin(s) from guinea pigs with penicillin-associated colitis. PMID- 7242015 TI - Mating method to produce accurate timed pregnancies in rats. PMID- 7242016 TI - Infantile polycystic renal disease in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - Congenital infantile polycystic renal disease was diagnosed in the infant rhesus monkey. The kidneys were enlarged, and renal tubules were cystic. The intrahepatic bile ducts were increased in number, dilated, and surrounded by excessive fibrous tissue. This disease was similar to inherited infantile polycystic renal disease in man. PMID- 7242017 TI - Nutritional implications of ad libitum versus limited feeding in baboons. PMID- 7242018 TI - Infection of white carneaux pigeons (Columbia livia) with Mycobacterium avium. AB - Avian tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium, occurred in three White Carneaux pigeons. Clinical signs varied and included anorexia, lameness, torticollis, and the development of cutaneous nodules. Lesions at necropsy consisted of caseating hepatic, pulmonary, and cutaneous granulomas. In one animal, the marrow in several bones was replaced with caseous material. Histopathologically, the granulomas contained necrotic material and acid fast bacilli surrounded by epitheloid cells, giant cells, and lymphocytes. Treatment of affected animals was not attempted. False positive and false negative reactions occurred when intradermal tuberculin skin testing was done. PMID- 7242019 TI - Control of parasitic infestations in killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis). AB - California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis) trapped in a Southern California estuary were infested with Gyrodactylus sp, Argulus sp, or Ergasilus sieboldii. They were treated with 0,0-dimethyl 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethylphosphonate (DTHP). The effective dosage regimen for Gyrodactylus was 7.50 mg/l for 1 hour on day 1, 3.25 mg/l for 1 hour on day 5, and 0.75 mg/l for 1 hour on day 9; for Argulus, 2.50 mg/l for 1 hour once only; for Ergasilus, 2.50 mg/l for 1 hour once every third day for three treatments. Toxicity testing indicated that repetitive doses of 4.20 mg/l were toxic and that static exposures of more than 1 hour to doses of 7.50 mg/l were lethal to Fundulus. PMID- 7242020 TI - The Thiocyanate Ion (SCN-) content of eggs from hens (Gallus domesticus) fed on a diet containing rapeseed meal. PMID- 7242021 TI - The glycoalkaloid content of some edible solanaceous fruits and potato products. PMID- 7242022 TI - Interferences in the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) assay. AB - A systematic study of the effect of procedural variables on the ALA-D assay has been carried out. Because of metal content in vacutainers, artifactual results are obtained on blood samples drawn by this method and the method of choice is the use of plastic syringes and tubes. The use of isopropyl alcohol as a skin sterilizing agent, although it gives measurable blood alcohol readings, does not affect the ALA-D assay. The handling of the whole blood has been investigated and the two methods of hemolysis compared. Trichloroacetic acid, a reagent used in the final assay of porphobilinogen, has been found to be a serious interference in the method, making it essential for this reagent to be kept in a securely sealed container. The deterioration of the trichloroacetic acid--mercuric chloride reagent is also a potential procedural problem that must be considered. PMID- 7242023 TI - A stationary cold-vapor technique for the determination of submicrogram amounts of mercury in biological tissues by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. AB - A procedure is provided for the determination of mercury in animal tissue using a single unit stationary cold-vapor generator utilizing atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The entire reduction-absorption cell is fitted to the burner mount on the instrument. Sample digests are introduced into the sample compartment along with reductant, and background corrected absorbance is measured after three minutes of sample-reductant mixing. The method is sensitive to 2 ng Hg (0.50 ng/mL Hg at 0.0044 absorbance units), which corresponds to 25 ng Hg per gram wet tissue using the prescribed digestion procedure. Reproducibility and accuracy are comparable to conventional cold-vapor techniques and the fact that relatively small sample aliquots (4.0 mL) are used for analysis provides for multideterminations of Hg in a single tissue digest; this is not ordinarily possible using conventional cold-vapor methods. A total of 15 digested tissue sample can be analyzed per hour. The method is proposed as an alterative to presently used cold-vapor Hg techniques. PMID- 7242024 TI - A gas Chromatographic procedure for quantitation of ethylene glycol in postmortem blood. PMID- 7242028 TI - The government's role in energy production. PMID- 7242025 TI - The recognition of diazinon, an organophosphorus pesticide, when found in samples in the form of decomposition products. AB - The contents of a bottle, from which a human being was reported to have drunk and which were believed responsible to an organophosphorus poisoning, were submitted for chemical analysis. Initial screening by gas chromatography with phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen specific detectors failed to identify any intact organophosphorus pesticide. Mass spectrometric techniques were applied to the identification. Field ionization, field desorption, chemical ionization, exact mass measurements at high resolution, and GC/low resolution mass spectrometry were used to help define the qualitative and partial quantitative nature of the sample components. Results of this study were consistent with the virtually complete conversion of the pesticide, diazinon [Chemical Abstracts reference number 333-41-5], into a mixture of at least twenty-six chemically distinct products or impurities. The most abundant chemical compounds found in the sample included: 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine [2814-20-2]; 2-isopropyl-4 methyl-6-mercaptopyrimidine; 6,6'-dithiobis-(2-isopropyl-4-methylpyrimidine); 6,6'-dithiobis-(2-isopropyl-4-methylpyrimidine); 4-ethoxy-2-isopropyl-6 methylpyrimidine [72799-31-6]; 4-thioethoxy-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidine; triethylphosphorothiolate and triethylphosphorothiolate. Also found were several potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: monothionotetraethylpyrophosphate; dithionotetraethylpyrophosphate [3689-24-5]; tetraethylpyrophosphate. Model decomposition studies verified the formation of these compounds. These results were then used to identify compounds in two other samples. PMID- 7242029 TI - Factors associated with completion of employment rehabilitation courses. PMID- 7242026 TI - Mercury and selenium content and chemical form in human and animal tissue. AB - The content, chemical form, and distribution of mercury and selenium were determined for selected samples of human and animal tissue by gas chromatography. Methylmercury averaged 38.7% of the total mercury content in homogenized human brain. For human heart, spleen, liver, kidney and placenta, methylmercury comprised 40.2%, 57.0%, 39.6%, 6.0% and 57.1% respectively, of the total mercury content. Similar results were obtained for the heart and liver of a whitetail deer. Methylmercury represented 9.1%, 62.9% and 24.1% of the total mercury content in seal liver, seal meat and deer meat, respectively. For all samples, a significant portion of the total selenium content, averaging 27%, was present as selenate (Se VI). Tissue selenium content did not correlate with the corresponding mercury content. In brain, heart and placenta, and in seal liver and meat, 53% to 80% of the total mercury content was water-extractable. For human kidney, liver and spleen, and deer meat, only 15% to 45% of the total mercury was extractable. On a percentage basis, inorganic mercury was more extractable than methylmercury, except for human kidney and liver, and deer meat. For all samples, except kidney, liver and deer meat, 55% to 76% of the total selenium content was water-extractable, Se VI being more extractable on a percentage basis than selenite (Se IV) and selenide (Se-II). PMID- 7242027 TI - Postmortem blood and tissue levels of loxapine and its metabolites. PMID- 7242030 TI - Developing opportunities for research in occupational medicine. PMID- 7242032 TI - Therapeutics of hypertension in the work environment. PMID- 7242033 TI - Occupational health aspects related to coal liquefaction. PMID- 7242034 TI - The health of welders in naval dockyards: the work situation and sickness absence patterns. PMID- 7242031 TI - Study on hearing ability and its relationship to noise levels in an East London factory. PMID- 7242035 TI - Suprarenal cortical function in asthmatic welders. PMID- 7242036 TI - Delayed onset of pulmonary oedema following accidental exposure to ethyl chloroformate. PMID- 7242039 TI - The training for and practice of occupational health in developing countries. PMID- 7242038 TI - Long term exposure to sulphur dioxide during bleaching of coir. PMID- 7242037 TI - An investigation into the value of cholinesterase estimations of workers in a plant manufacturing tri-aryl phosphate plasticizers. PMID- 7242042 TI - The relationship between neuroticism and religiosity among English 15- and 16 year-olds. PMID- 7242040 TI - Perception of an aggressor and a victim of aggression as a function of sex and retaliation. PMID- 7242041 TI - Potential pitfalls in the diagnosis and treatment of minority groups. PMID- 7242043 TI - The influence of endurance training on left ventricular function. PMID- 7242044 TI - Correlation between efficiency in cycling and maximal power of human extensor muscles. PMID- 7242046 TI - Lactic acid evolution in relation to work duration during a short anaerobic exhausting exercise. PMID- 7242045 TI - A study of the enzyme inducing effect of physical exercise in man. The "trained liver". PMID- 7242049 TI - Physiological and anthropometric determinants of mile run time. PMID- 7242047 TI - Modification of urinary elimination of doping agents by simultaneous ingestion of acidic molecules. PMID- 7242048 TI - A simple, accurate technique for determining work rate (watts) on the treadmill. PMID- 7242050 TI - Effects of training on echocardiographic dimensions and systolic time intervals in women swimmers. PMID- 7242051 TI - The effect of training on some morphological parameters of top-ranking Indian basketball players. PMID- 7242052 TI - A study of morphology and body composition of Indian basketball players. PMID- 7242053 TI - Reaction time of hockey players with reference to their field positions. PMID- 7242054 TI - Body-composition, somatotype and some motor performance of judoists. PMID- 7242055 TI - A comparison of women intercollegiate basketball players, volleyball players and non-athletes. PMID- 7242056 TI - An attempt at the classification of adolescents into sprint or endurance types. PMID- 7242057 TI - Body composition and maximal aerobic power of rugby union forwards. PMID- 7242058 TI - Prevention of damage by sport activity in hot climates. PMID- 7242059 TI - Legionnaires' disease in the postoperative patient. PMID- 7242060 TI - The role of transluminal angioplasty in limb salvage and claudication. PMID- 7242061 TI - Composition of weight loss in morbidly obese patients after gastric bypass. PMID- 7242062 TI - Influence of prosthetic graft fabrication on graft healing I1. PMID- 7242063 TI - The "gold standard" for amputation level selection" xenon-133 clearance. PMID- 7242064 TI - The influence of tumor-bearing on protein metabolism in the rat. PMID- 7242065 TI - Mechanism of defective oxygen extraction following global ischemia. PMID- 7242066 TI - Decrease in acute myocardial ischemia by hyaluronidase in isolated, perfused, rabbit hearts. PMID- 7242067 TI - The role of cystic duct resistance in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones. PMID- 7242068 TI - Myocardial recovery: perfusion of the fibrillating heart versus cold chemical cardioplegia. PMID- 7242069 TI - Contributions of prostaglandin F2alpha and thromboxane A2 to the acute cardiopulmonary changes of pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7242072 TI - Reversal of flow through chronic coronary collateral vessels. PMID- 7242071 TI - Detection of arterial defects by real-time ultrasound scanning during vascular surgery: an experimental study. PMID- 7242070 TI - The effect of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on autogenous flap survival in the rat. PMID- 7242073 TI - The comparative effects of pulsatile and nonpulsatile myocardial perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7242074 TI - The peripheral hemodynamics of exogenously administered prostaglandin E1 during major venous occlusion in the dog. PMID- 7242075 TI - Glucose homeostasis in a guinea pig model of hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 7242076 TI - Ureteral replacement with a new polyurethane prosthesis. PMID- 7242077 TI - Colonoscopy - clinical relevance. PMID- 7242078 TI - Fertility trends in Tennessee. Age- and race-specific fertility analysis 1970 1978. Comparative fertility analysis 1975-1978. PMID- 7242079 TI - NIH Consensus Development Conference summary. Cervical cancer screening: the Pap smear. PMID- 7242083 TI - Effect of androgenic steroids on rat thymus and thymocytes in suspension. PMID- 7242081 TI - Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA). PMID- 7242084 TI - Quantitation of progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone in human placenta and fetal membranes. PMID- 7242082 TI - Estrogen receptors and estrogen-induced gene expression in the rat mammary glands and uteri during pregnancy and lactation: changes in progesterone receptor and RNA polymerase activity. PMID- 7242085 TI - Adsorption of steroid hormones by plastic tubing. PMID- 7242080 TI - CAT scan of the month. PMID- 7242086 TI - Sterol metabolism--XLV. Differentiation among monohydroxylated cholesterol derivatives by chromatography and mass spectrometry. PMID- 7242088 TI - Simultaneous determination of 5 alpha reduced metabolites of testosterone in human plasma. PMID- 7242087 TI - Sterol metabolism--XLVI. Synthesis of oxidized cholesterol fatty acyl esters. PMID- 7242089 TI - The effects of laminin on the growth and differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells in defined media. AB - In this paper we have examined the growth and differentiation of the embryonal carcinoma cell line, F9, in the defined medium EM-3 at low density. We show that the growth of F9 and their differentiated cells (F9-diff) in EM-3 is strongly density dependent. At low cell densities the growth of both cell types is severely limited and most of the cells do not survive. Although this poses a problem for working with F9 and F9-diff in EM-3, it provides a convenient assay for identifying molecules that support their growth at low density. Using this assay, we have determined that laminin, a newly isolated glycoprotein of basement membranes, significantly improves the growth and short-term survival of both F9 and F9-diff. However, addition of laminin to EM-3 is insufficient to promote the clonal growth of these cell types. Our findings also indicate that laminin promotes the attachment of F9 and F9-diff in defined media. On the basis of our results, we propose an attachment function for laminin during the early stages of mammalian development. PMID- 7242090 TI - Malignant neoplasms of the major salivary glands. AB - Between January 1, 1968 and December 31, 1978, 42 patients with malignant lesions involving the major salivary glands were seen at the Medical College of Virginia. A 60% 2-year survival and a 42% 5-year survival were noted. Histologic type was the major determinant of survival. Symptoms other than a painless mass, a largest dimension greater than 4 cm, older age, and clinical spread outside the gland were all suggestive of both a more malignant histologic type and a worse prognosis. Based on these observations, a plan is proposed for the diagnostic approach and treatment of salivary gland masses that is based on the mode of presentation and histologic findings. PMID- 7242091 TI - Prostate cancer mortality among Catholic priests. AB - To investigate the possible role of celibate lifestyles in the etiology of prostate cancer, analyses of mortality from cancers of the prostate and other sites among an average annual cohort of 6,226 Roman Catholic clergymen in New York State from 1965 through 1977 were conducted. The death certificates of 1006 (95%) priests were reviewed. Of these 156 deaths were attributable to malignant neoplasms. Clerics experienced mortality ratios of 15% less for all causes of death and 30% less for cancer mortality, given mortality patterns among New York State white males of comparable ages. Twelve deaths from prostatic cancer were observed while 19.8 were expected. This represents a mortality experience significantly less than that of the general noncelibate population. Lower mortality ratios were found also for cancers of the lung, colo-rectum, and stomach. Higher mortality ratios were found for malignant melanoma and unspecified respiratory organs. PMID- 7242092 TI - Tumors of the testis in two brothers: a case report. AB - This paper describes two nontwin brothers with a nonseminoma tumor of a testicle: an embryonal carcinoma in one and an embryonal carcinoma with seminomatous components in the other. Testicular tumors of the same type have the same frequency in twin brothers as in nontwin brothers. For the present, there is no insight into the genetic influence in the pathogenesis of testicular tumors. PMID- 7242094 TI - The protection of small amounts of splenic tissue against intravenous pneumococcal challenge following subtotal splenectomy. AB - The asplenic state increases susceptibility to overwhelming bacterial infection. We studied the ability of small amounts of splenic tissue to protect against intravenous pneumococcal challenge following subtotal splenectomy in which approximately 75% of the spleen was removed. Animals that had undergone subtotal splenectomy were more resistant to challenge than were asplenic animals, but were not as resistant as were control animals. The small amount of residual splenic tissue confers some degree of protection against intravenous bacterial challenge. PMID- 7242093 TI - Effect of cimetidine on human leukocyte function. AB - In vitro studies of the effects of cimetidine on neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis revealed no differences between the treated cells and control cells. In vitro studies were performed on neutrophils and monocytes from 20 patients who were treated with oral cimetidine for duodenal ulcer disease. Neutrophil studies from these patients revealed no effect by cimetidine. A significant augmentation of chemotaxis was found in monocytes from patients receiving the drug. Studies of neutrophil phagocytosis from cimetidine-treated patients were exactly identified to control values. These studies indicate cimetidine to have a stimulatory effect on monocyte chemotaxis and no effect on neutrophil function. PMID- 7242095 TI - Facilitation of cancer metastases by an air pollutant. AB - An experimental model was designed to test the possibility that inhalation of a noxious air pollutant may facilitate the blood-borne cancer cell metastasis to the lungs. Animals were exposed to inhalation of air containing 0.8 ppm of nitrogen dioxide for 12 weeks. After this period, animals were infused intravenously with melanoma cells, and 3 weeks later lungs were examined for metastases. The results indicate that NO2exposed animals develop significantly higher number of lung metastases (P less than 0.0025) than the controls. Such results raise the possibility that the inhalation of NO2 from ambient air may facilitate the seeding and proliferation of blood-borne cancer cells in the human lung. PMID- 7242097 TI - Cystic lymphangioma of stomach and jejunum: report of one case. AB - A case of cystic lymphangioma of stomach and jejunum is reported. The patient, a woman aged 58, was referred to the hospital for a melena of 4 days duration, which was interpreted as related to an old history of hypertrophic gastritis and duodenal ulcer. A conservative treatment with transfusions, cimetidine i.v., and gastric washout with antacids was started, but the hemorrhage appeared unresponsive, so an explorative laparotomy was performed. At the operation a soft pliable cystic mass in the anterior wall of the stomach was found; a smaller one was felt in the second jejunal loop. A Billroth II gastroduodenal resection was performed. The diagnosis of nature was only microscopic. At 9 months follow-up the patient is well, free of the disease. PMID- 7242099 TI - Surgical management of pericardial tamponade as a presenting manifestation of acute leukemia. AB - Two patients with acute leukemia presented with symptomatic acute pericarditis and rapidly developed cardiac tamponade. Conservative management was not possible in either patient due to mechanical problems with fluid removal. Thoracotomy with pericardial decompression resulted in permanent relief of symptoms in both cases. Management of cardiac tamponade in acute leukemia by surgical decompression even in severely immunocompromised hosts is a feasible alternative and should be considered when more conservative measures fail or are not possible. PMID- 7242098 TI - Sarcoma of the maxillary sinus in a patient with malignant melanoma: report of a case. PMID- 7242096 TI - Management of early glottic cancer. AB - A detailed retrospective analysis of 136 patients with early glottic cancer treated at the University of Louisville, Radiation Center from October, 1953 to December, 1975 was done. Majority of the patients were in the age range of 55 to 74 years. Of them, 89% were male and 85% were Caucasian. The most common histological type was squamous cell carcinoma. The adjusted 5-year survival rate was 84%, with a standard error of 3%. Of these patients, 18% had local failures, and 68% of which were salvaged by surgery. The overall local control rate was 93%. The median time to recurrence was 23 months. There was no case of laryngeal necrosis, and a good function of larynx was achieved in a majority of the patients. Eighteen second cancers were diagnosed in 17 patients during the follow up. A brief review of the literature is also done in the paper. PMID- 7242100 TI - A percutaneous instrument for biopsy of soft tissue masses. PMID- 7242102 TI - The honey-bee "dance language" and the foundations of biology and behavior. PMID- 7242101 TI - Radio frequency hyperthermia of advanced human sarcomas. AB - Hyperthermia greater than or equal to 42 degrees C is tumoricidal in vitro and in many animal models, although such temperatures have only recently been achieved experimentally in some human cancers. A recently developed radio frequency device that provides safe hyperthermia to any depth without surface tissue injury now permits evaluation of the effects of hyperthermia on advanced human sarcomas. Twelve patients with large sarcomas located intraabdominally [7], in the chest wall [2], proximal extremity [2], and the neck [1], were evaluated in this study. Tumor types include liposarcoma [3], rhabdomyosarcoma [2], leiomyosarcoma [2], neurofibrosarcoma [2], and one each malignant mesothelioma, undifferentiated sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Intratumor temperatures greater than or equal to 42 degrees C were observed in all tumors, with virtually no normal tissue injury. Selective tumor heating greater than or equal to 45 degrees C occurred in 9/12 (75%) and greater than or equal to 50 degrees C in 6/12 (50%). One to five weekly treatments greater than or equal to 50 degrees C and ten daily treatments greater than or equal to 45 degrees C resulted in significant tumor necrosis and pain relief in some patients. Hyperthermia of advanced sarcomas is possible with little host toxicity and may be of potential therapeutic benefit. PMID- 7242103 TI - The cost of meiosis with alternation of sexual and asexual generations. PMID- 7242104 TI - The determination of the kinetic parameters of a carrier mediated transport process in the presence of an unstirred water layer. PMID- 7242105 TI - Chemical reaction of DNA with cross-linking agents: influences of base permutation on chemical reactivity. PMID- 7242106 TI - Detection and differentiation of cross-link formation in an eucaryotic DNA population. PMID- 7242107 TI - Coca and cocaine 1981. PMID- 7242108 TI - Coca in the northwest Amazon. PMID- 7242109 TI - Systematic anatomy of Erythroxylum P. Browne: practical and evolutionary implications for the cultivated cocas. AB - Preliminary study of the pantropical Erythroxylaceae indicates that anatomical features can provide valuable insight into the generic, infra-generic and specific affinities of unidentified specimens. Combinations of qualitative and quantitative anatomical data are most reliable when considered in conjunction with relevant ecological and plant morphological data. Extreme caution is advised in such taxonomic applications due to the intergrading patterns of anatomical variation exhibited within the family. Careful consideration must be given to the potential influence on anatomy of factors such as plant age, habit, leaf morphology and environmental conditions. Although a few species of Erythroxylum are identifiable solely on the basis of unique wood anatomical features, the majority of species can be identified only through a combination of morphological and vegetative anatomical features. Closely related species and species of similar habitats are often very similar in their wood and leaf structure. Anatomical differences are more subtle among the cultivated cocas and their closest neotropical relatives than among most taxa of Erythroxylaceae. A typological concept of foliar venation patterns among the cultivated cocas permits the varietal identification of isolated coca leaves. Several neotropical relatives of the cultivated cocas represent potential adulterants in commercial samples of coca leaf as a result of their striking similarity to genuine coca in leaf form, venation and anatomy. Due to the broad and overlapping range of leaf structural variation exhibited among the cultivated cocas and their nearest relatives, identifications of isolated leaves or leaf fragments are ill-advised in the absence of relevant ecological data. Patterns of wood and leaf anatomical variation within the Erythroxylaceae are most readily explicable as the result of evolutionary diversification in plant habit, leaf size, form and relative duration. Significant correlations among wood and leaf structure reveal various "adaptive strategies" among species of Erythroxylaceae. Redundant patterns of structural evolution, evident among the different species and genera of Erythroxylaceae, help to elucidate the probable evolutionary origins of the cultivated cocas. Comparative anatomical data support the hypothesis that Bolivian coca (E. coca) represents the most primitive of the cultivated cocas. The Colombian and Trujillo varieties of coca (E. novogranatense) appear to have been derived from a Bolivian-like ancestral coca as a result of long-term cultivation, geographic isolation and human selection for increased flavor, palatability and drought resistance. PMID- 7242110 TI - The comparative phytochemistry of the genus Erythroxylon. AB - Recent research suggests that, in addition to the well-documented occurrence of significant quantities of cocaine and related alkaloids in a limited number of species, the genus Erythroxylon will prove to be a rich source of tropane alkaloids. These bases are esters of a range of acids with tropine, 3 alpha, 6 beta-dihydroxytropane and 3 alpha, 6 beta, 7 beta-trihydroxytropane; the numbers are further increased by nor-derivatives, and stereoisomerism involving the C-3 hydroxyl of the tropane skeleton. The diterpenes of the genus also appear worthy of further study. PMID- 7242112 TI - Constituents of Erythroxylon coca. II. Gas-chromatographic analysis of cocaine and other alkaloids in coca leaves. AB - A gas-chromatographic procedure is outlined for the analysis of cocaine and cis- and trans-cinnamoylcocaines in coca leaves. The procedure was applied to the determination of these alkaloids in coca leaves collected from three different locations in Peru. The extraction of alkaloids from plant material was accomplished following the procedure we previously outlined. Recovery of cinnamoylcocaines was quantitative and the average coefficient of variation was 6.8%. Using androst-4-ene-3,17-dione as the internal standard, the correlation coefficient (r2) as determined from the calibration curve of trans cinnamoylcocaine was 0.99 and the response factor 0.72. Observable differences in relative proportions of cis and trans isomers of cinnamoylcocaine were found among samples from different locations. In addition, the relative proportions of the total cinnamoylcocaine concentration to cocaine varied with sample origin. We have also examined coca extracts using a nitrogen detector and by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. The nature and identity of other nitrogenous peaks in the chromatograms are also discussed. PMID- 7242111 TI - Chemotaxonomy of Erythroxylaceae (including some ethnobotanical notes on Old World species). PMID- 7242113 TI - Mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy (MIKE) spectrometry and the direct analysis of coca. AB - The technique of mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy (MIKE) spectrometry is briefly reviewed. The direct analysis, without need of prior extraction or chromatographic purification, of cocaine and cinnamoylcocaine in coca plant tissues has been accomplished with this new technique. Detection limits of below 1 ng, with a quantitative accuracy of +/- 30% at the nanogram level, have been demonstrated. PMID- 7242114 TI - Analysis of alkaloids in leaves of cultivated Erythroxylum and characterization of alkaline substances used during coca chewing. AB - Several solvents were tested for the extraction of the alkaloids in Erythroxylum coca. The resulting crude extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. Ethanol extraction was found to be the only quantitative method presenting no artifacts. It was established that cocaine and cis- and trans cinnamoylcocaine were the endogenous alkaloids in E. coca leaves. From the several breakdown compounds arising during long-term extraction with H2SO4 or CHCl3, ecgonine methyl ester was the only alkaloid fully identified; ecgonine methyl ester was tentatively identified on the basis of its mass spectrum fragmentation pattern. Quantification by mass fragmentography of the three endogenous compounds was performed using a stable-isotope dilution technique on individual leaves of single branches of E. coca, E. novogranatense and E. novogranatense var. truxillense. The relative amounts of these alkaloids changed with leaf age as well as between species and varieties. The variation in alkaloid levels between individual leaves was too great to allow the use of the ratio between cocaine and the cinnamoylcocaine levels as a taxonomic marker. The initial pH value of 17 different alkaline substances traditionally used during coca leaf chewing was measured after dissolution in H2O; values ranged between 10.1 and 12.8. Buffer capacity was determined by titration with HCl. Three types of curve shapes were obtained which could correspond to NaOH, Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 titration curves. One sample of alkaline material had no buffer capacity at all. The recovery and breakdown of the cocaine contained in E. coca leaf power was monitored for one hour at various pHs at 37 degrees C. The levels of cocaine and benzoylecgonine did not change by more than 17% at any of the pHs tested (6.0, 9.0 and 11.5). It was concluded that the alkaline substances are mainly responsible for the transformation of the alkaloids to free bases and not for a major hydrolysis of cocaine. PMID- 7242115 TI - Cocaine pharmacokinetics in humans. AB - Cocaine was given by intravenous administration to human subjects and the concentrations in plasma were measured by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. Many pharmacokinetic parameters were found to have a strong dose dependence over the range 1 - 3 mg/kg. The terminal plasma half-life in minutes is given by the equation t1/2(beta) = 13.5 + 24.5 dose (r = 0.946). The total plasma clearance in liters/kg per h is 2.51--0.67 dose (r = -0.973). From analysis of previously published data the absorption half-life t1/2(ab) is approximately 8 min for gastrointestinal and for nasal inhalation absorption. The bioavailability for nasal inhalation is approximately 60%. While routes of administration for modern recreational use could lead to unexpected drug accumulation in the blood it is not likely to occur from chewing coca leaves. PMID- 7242116 TI - Catheter-induced pulmonary artery hemorrhage. Diagnosis and management in cardiac operations. AB - Three case reports describing catheter-induced pulmonary artery hemorrhage in patients having cardiac operations are presented--a 0.2% incidence of this complication. One patient exsanguinated and died, another survived after undergoing an emergency lobectomy, and the third escaped without surgical intervention. As a result of this experience and the recommendations in the literature, we have developed and describe herein a rational therapy for this highly lethal complication. PMID- 7242117 TI - Aortoplasty with the left subclavian flap in older children. AB - Ten patients between 8 months and 9 years of age (average 4.3 years) underwent surgical relief of coarctation of the aorta by the technique of left subclavian flap aortoplasty. Before operation, nine patients had systolic hypertension in the upper extremity (average 145 mm Hg) and all had a significant pressure gradient across the coarctated aortic segment (average 45 mm Hg). The hospital and late mortality were zero. The follow-up over 7 years has shown complete relief of the coarctation and no ischemic impairment or functional limitation of the left upper extremity. The blood pressure returned to normal in all patients. Hemodynamic and angiographic studies, performed in one case, demonstrated adequate growth of the repaired segment and absence of a pressure gradient across the previously narrowed area. The time interval between the peak of the femoral pulse and the dicrotic notch of the carotid pulse, recorded postoperatively, was normal. We consider the left subclavian flap technique to be the operation of choice in infancy and also in older children, whenever the anatomic configuration of the coarctation suggests that subsequent growth would be severely restricted if other techniques were used. PMID- 7242118 TI - Illusions leading to surgical closure of the distal left pulmonary artery instead of the ductus arteriosus. AB - Illusions, in a collected series of 10 cases, have led to the surgical closure of the distal left pulmonary artery instead of the patent ductus. When the rare, anatomically atypical patent ductus arises from the arch proximal to the subclavian artery, the recurrent laryngeal nerve is found passing under the arch instead of under the ductus. A large ductus creating the illusion of the arch, with the nerve beneath it, can lead to the impression of an anatomically atypical ductus with the resultant surgical closure of the distal left pulmonary in lieu of the ductus. For over two decades the problem has been a recurring one which deserves recognition among the better known complications of ductus operations. PMID- 7242119 TI - Prognosis of surgically treated chronic aortic valve disease. Predictive indicators of early postoperative risk and long-term survival, based on 439 cases. PMID- 7242122 TI - New tilting disc cardiac valve prostheses. In vitro comparison of their hydrodynamic performance in the mitral position. PMID- 7242121 TI - Combined use of dopamine and nitroprusside therapy in conjunction with intra aortic balloon pumping for the treatment of postcardiotomy low-output syndrome. AB - Intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) has been utilized in our institution in over 600 patients for the treatment of postcardiotomy low-output syndrome, with a 59% survival rate. Volume loading and pharmacologic treatment have played integral roles in the overall treatment of this syndrome. This investigation documents the hemodynamic effectivenss of combined nitroprusside/dopamine therapy in patients who required IABP for weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Serial hemodynamic measurements were made before and during infusion of nitroprusside (0.5 to 5.0 microgram/kg/min) and after combined nitroprusside/dopamine (7.5 micrograms/kg/min) therapy in 10 patients during IABP. Prior to pharmacologic therapy, cardiac index was 1.6 +/- 0.4 L/min/m2 and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was 2,774 +/- 932 dynes sec cm-5. After nitroprusside infusion, cardiac index increased to 1.8 +/- 0.5 L/min/m2 (NS) and SVR decreased to 1,957 +/- 791 dynes sec cm-5 (p less than 0.01). The simultaneous infusion of nitroprusside and dopamine resulted in further augmentation of cardiac index to 2.5 +/- 0.5 L/min/m2 (p less than 0.01) and an additional reduction of SVR to 1,439 +/- 358 dynes sec cm-5 (p less than 0.02). In addition, pressure-rate-product, an index of myocardial oxygen demand, was decreased by nitroprusside (p less than 0.02) but was not significantly altered by both agents. This study provides a rationale for the combined use of nitroprusside/dopamine in postcardiotomy low-output syndrome necessitating IABP when SVR is greater than 2,000 dynes sec cm-5 and cardiac index is less than 2.0 L/min/m2. PMID- 7242125 TI - Valve replacement with silicone ball valves. PMID- 7242120 TI - Effect of valve replacement for chronic mitral insufficiency on left ventricular function during rest and exercise. AB - In this study we measured left ventricular function at rest and during exercise before and after operation in 18 patients who underwent mitral valve replacement (MVR) for chronic mitral insufficiency. First-transit radionuclide angiocardiography was employed a week before operation and 5 to 19 months after operation to calculate left ventricular ejection fraction, volumes, output, filling, and emptying rates. Preoperatively, left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 0.56 +/- 0.09 (mean +/- S.D.) at rest to 0.62 +/- 0.11 during exercise, and this response was not altered for the group after operation. After valve replacement, there was no consistent change in end-diastolic volume (EDV), and cardiac function was not related to an alteration in filling rates of the left ventricle. After operation, the patient group achieved a maximal ventricular filling rate during exercise comparable to that measured before operation. In addition, postoperative maximal filling rates did not correlate with prosthetic valve size. These data suggest that the hemodynamic changes elicited by MVR for chronic insufficiency are primarily related to the elimination of the regurgitant flow but no attributable to alterations of the myocardium. It is suggested that limitation in exercise performance after operation may be primarily related to the functional status of the myocardium prior to operation. PMID- 7242123 TI - Use of a punch to obtain a consistently uniform venotomy for rapid coronary anastomoses. PMID- 7242124 TI - Intra-aortic balloon pumping in coronary disease. PMID- 7242127 TI - Detrimental effects of premature use of inotropic drugs to discontinue cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Ten dogs underwent 45 minutes of normothermic ischemic arrest. After 15 minutes of reoxygenation, none could support the systemic circulation independently. In five dogs, we could discontinue bypass (cardic output 70 to 100 cc/kg/min) by giving dopamine (10 to 30 mcg/kg/min). In five other dogs, total cardiopulmonary bypass was prolonged for an additional 30 minutes and no dopamine was given. During control and at 15 and 45 minutes after aortic unclamping, we measured myocardial blood flow (microspheres), metabolism (oxygen uptake and lactate), water content (wet/dry weight), left ventricular compliance (intraventricular balloon), and performance (isovolumetric and Starling function curves). Dogs treated with prolonged bypass showed progressive improvement in ventricular compliance, function, and water content and did not require inotropic drugs when bypass was discontinued 45 minutes after ischemia. In contrast, dogs receiving dopamine exhibited more myocardial edema (3.3% versus 1.7% water gain), worse ventricular compliance (18% versus 55% recovered at 25 ml left ventricular volume), poorer contractility (58% versus 70% recovery of +dP/dt), generated 50% less stroke work at a left atrial pressure of 25 mm Hg (0.25 versus 0.52 gm/kg), failed to augment oxygen uptake to meet the metabolic demands of the working heart (11% versus 45% increase in oxygen uptake), and required continued inotropic support to discontinue extracorporeal circulation. We conclude that (1) limited prolongation of total bypass enhances recovery from ischemic damage and (2) use of inotropic drugs to prematurely discontinue extracorporeal circulation will impede recovery by accentuating myocardial edema and further decreasing ventricular compliance, performance, and oxygen utilization. PMID- 7242128 TI - Cold blood potassium cardioplegia. Effects of increasing concentrations of potassium. PMID- 7242129 TI - Influence of contractility on myocardial water distribution during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Water equilibrium within heart muscle during cardiopulmonary bypass is an important aspect of ventricular physiology which must be considered in efforts to optimize myocardial protection. This study focuses on the influence of the inotropic state of the ventricle in determining the amount of heart water and its regional distribution within the free wall of the left ventricle. Experiments involving cardiopulmonary bypass were performed in 57 dogs. Three spontaneous levels of myocardial contractility were identified under conditions of standard preload, afterload, and heart rate. Each increase in level (grade) was associated with a significantly higher myocardial wet weight/drug weight (W/D) ratio. In addition, higher levels of contractility were associated with a marked shift in water distribution within the left ventricular wall; water tended to accumulate in the inner half of the better contracting left ventricular wall, the reverse of the distribution seen at lower levels of contractility. These three grades of contractility and myocardial water content were not associated with any significant differences in total or regional myocardial blood flow, as determined by the use off radioactive microspheres. Maintenance of low levels of contractility during cardiopulmonary bypass may be desirable in order to prevent the occurrence of subendocardial edema. PMID- 7242126 TI - Thrombosis with endocardial pacing. PMID- 7242130 TI - In vivo release of a heparin-like factor in dogs during profound hypothermia. AB - Experimentally induced hypothermia (20 degrees C) for 60 minutes in dogs provokes a significant decrease in the platelet count, which reverses during subsequent rewarming, and the constant release of a heparin-like factor, which reacts as a specific inhibitor of factor Xa. This phenomenon is also rapidly reversible, and heparin values are not significantly different from control levels after 90 minutes of rewarming. The mean maximal concentration of heparin-like material is 0.54 U/ml, or about double control levels. Its half-life is approximately 90 minutes. The level of circulating antithrombin III was not modified during hypothermia and rewarming. PMID- 7242131 TI - Improved survival in management of empyema thoracis. AB - Empyema thoracis following pneumonia, trauma, and surgical procedures continues to be a source of major morbidity and mortality. We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of 100 patients treated for empyema thoracis at San Francisco General Hospital during the past 10 years. The causes of empyema in these patients were as follows: pneumonia 44%, trauma 24%, surgical and invasive procedures 15%, lung abscess 11%, and hematogenous spread 6%. Ten patients in this series died of sepsis from necrotizing pneumonia or overwhelming injuries caused by trauma. Streptococcus (31%), Staphylococcus (21%), and Bacteroides (15%) were the organisms most commonly isolated. Bacterial isolates were single in 55%, multiple 42%, and absent in 3%. The type of organism did not correlate with severity of disease or eventual requirement for thoracotomy, pleural debridement, or Eloesser procedure. Successful methods of treatment included aspiration in 9%, tube thoracostomy in 63%, pleural debridement and drainage in 7%, and an Eloesser procedure in 11%. Because our patients were often debilitated from chronic alcoholism, drug addiction, and major trauma, conservative management was initially tried. In most patients empyema resolved with tube thoracostomy. Pleural debridement should be reserved for patients with special problems such as multiple loculation or purulence inaccessible to percutaneous tube placement. the Eloesser procedure is indicated in patients who have an infected residual pleural space that persists despite adequate tube drainage. PMID- 7242132 TI - Catheter-induced pulmonary artery perforation. Mechanisms, management, and modifications. AB - Six cases of pulmonary artery perforation associated with the use of Swan-Ganz catheters are reviewed. Risk factors included pulmonary hypertension, anticoagulation, and hypothermia. The mechanisms leading to perforation were clarified by the use of postmortem studies employing isolated whole lung preparations. These studies revealed that perforation results from (1) tip perforation of vasculature, (2) eccentric balloon configuration propelling the balloon through the vessel wall, and (3) balloon inflation disrupting the pulmonary artery (mean intraballoon pressure 250 mm Hg). Early clinical symptoms include hemoptysis of bright red blood and/or hypotension. Immediate evaluation may necessitate examination with a fiberoptic bronchoscope and "wedge" angiogram. If massive hemoptysis occurs, isolation of the unaffected lung by endobronchial intubation is mandatory. Pneumonectomy or lobectomy may be required. Revised guidelines for catheter insertion and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) measurements are presented. Finally, consideration is given to redesigning the pulmonary artery flow-guided catheter, particularly for use in patients undergoing cardiac operations with systemic anticoagulation. Modifications should be directed at (1) softer catheter tip with temperature-insensitive body, (2) low pressure balloon, and (3) balloon pressure relief valve. PMID- 7242133 TI - Results of decortication in chronic empyema with special reference of paragonimiasis. AB - During a recent 6 years period, we managed chronic empyema by decortication, either alone or in combination with thoracoplasty, in 58 patients: In 16 patients, the empyema was a complication of Paragonimus westermani infestation (PWI), in 20, tuberculosis (TB), and in 22, of varied origins. There were no operative deaths, and satisfactory or good results were obtained in 55 patients (94.8%). We believe that the result in a patient in whom thoracoplasty is required should be called satisfactory, not good. Only 55% of the TB group achieved a good result, compared with 89% of the other patients. Of the 10 patients who required a thoracoplasty, seven were in the TB group. Empyema complicating TB is associated with a higher incidence of fistula formation and is more difficult to treat than other empyemas. The empyema associated with PWI develops more slowly, tends to form fewer fistulas, and eventuates in a good result more often than empyema associated with TB. Two of our three poor results stemmed from failure to do a thoracoplasty when the lung did not expand. We recommend thoracoplasty when the lung does not expand well at operation; it should be done at the time of decortication to avoid the necessity for a second major procedure. Chronic empyema is a common complication of paragonimiasis in Korea and by inference in other parts of the world where PWI is endemic. As international travel increases, some patients with PWI and complicating empyema may be seen in the United States. American thoracic surgeons should be aware of this disease, its treatment and its chest complications. PMID- 7242134 TI - Function of the secretory immune system in bronchogenic carcinoma. Immunoglobulin A levels in respiratory secretions. AB - This study was designed to investigate the association between bronchogenic carcinoma of the lung and elevated immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in respiratory secretions. Sixty-nine patients underwent bronchoscopic examination for evaluation of benign and malignant pulmonary diseases. The concentration of IgA in bronchoscopic washings was determined by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure. The average IgA concentration in 20 washings from patients with benign disease was 171 micrograms/ml and agreed with reported IgA values in normal human volunteers undergoing bronchoscopic examination. In contrast, the average IgA concentration from patients with non--oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma was greater than 1,000 micrograms/ml, and 80% of these patients had values exceeding 300 micrograms/ml. Furthermore, in 16 of these patients, selectively collected washings had been obtained from the tumor-bearing lung and contralateral normal lung. In this group, elevated levels localized to the tumor-bearing side. In contrast, eight patients with extrathoracic cancer metastatic to the chest had an average IgA value of 160 micrograms/ml, and seven of eight (87%) had concentrations below 300 micrograms/ml. Aside from the association of cigarette smoking and pulmonary cancer, we found no clear relationship between smoking history and the concentration of IgA measured in secretions. Finally, biochemical analysis established that the changes in immunoglobulin levels were specific to the secretory immune system. In conclusion, measurement of secretory immune system components may be useful in the early diagnosis of malignant bronchogenic disease. Biological mechanisms and suggested clinical application are discussed. PMID- 7242135 TI - Survival of patients surgically treated for stage I lung cancer. AB - When the TNM staging system of the American Joint Committee (AJC) for Cancer Staging and End-Results Reporting was applied to 3,912 patients seen during a 6 year period at the Mayo Clinic, 624 (16%) fulfilled the criteria for postsurgical pathological Stage I non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Of these 624 patients, 129 were excluded from further survival analysis for various reasons. The remaining 495 consisted of two groups: 350 patients who were enrolled within 30 days into a prospective postoperative 4 monthly follow-up program and 145 patients who were enrolled later or were followed less frequently. Because no significant difference was noted in survival rates between these groups, data were pooled. Of the combined group of 495 patients, 84% survived lung cancer for 2 years and 69% of 5 years (actuarial estimation). The survival of patients classified T1 N0 M0 (91% alive at 2 years and 80% at 5 years) is so good that it seems unlikely that adjuvant therapy in this group could demonstrate improved survival. In addition to TNM classification, age at operation, sex, and extent of operation were important determinants of survival. PMID- 7242137 TI - Successful management of esophagopericardial fistula complicating esophagogastrectomy. AB - An anastomotic leak into the right pleural space developed following esophagogastrectomy for cancer in a 56-year-old patient. Subsequently, a similar fistula occurred into the pericardium. This was managed successfully by a modification of Abbott's T-tube technique, together with a pericardial window, multiple drainage tubes, systemic antibiotics, and hyperalimentation. The anastomotic disruption healed completely, with only minimal narrowing on repeat roentgenograms of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Only four survivors of this rare and highly lethal problem have been previously reported. PMID- 7242136 TI - Surgical treatment and course of pulmonary pseudotumor (plasma cell granuloma). AB - A number of benign clinical conditions of the lung may simulate carcinoma. Pulmonary pseudotumor, which falls into this category, may present as a mass lesion or rarely as an infiltrate. This paper describes six patients with pulmonary pseudotumor, their surgical treatment and, for the first time, a postoperative follow-up ranging from 1 to 10 years. Histories of heavy cigarette smoking were obtained in four. Discrete masses on x-ray films were present in five, and one had localized infiltrates. Lobectomy was performed in two and partial mass resection or removal of tissue for biopsy in four. In this latter group, postoperative x-ray films from 1 to 10 years later showed complete disappearance of the lesions. No subsequent malignant lesion developed, and there was no early or late mortality. This unique experience documents for the first time the natural course of pulmonary pseudotumor. On the basis of this and isolated reports in the literature, pseudotumor must be carefully differentiated from carcinoma. Once diagnosed, as minimal lung resection as possible is indicated. PMID- 7242139 TI - Current status of the septation procedure for univentricular heart. AB - The current status of the septation procedure for univentricular heart was assessed by analyzing the outcomes of 45 procedures done from 1973 through June of 1978. The hospital mortality was 21 (47%) of 45 patients, and eight (18%) patients died during follow-up. Of the 16 survivors, 12 have a fair-to-good surgical result and four are doing poorly. Only two factors were significantly related to increased survival: no history of congestive failure and no previous palliative procedure. Multivariate analysis revealed a small subgroup of 11 patients with a survival rate of 82%. These patients had a subaortic chamber to the left, no previous congestive failure, no previous palliation, and no profound polycythemia, and they were between 5 and 15 years of age at operation. Current practice now employs the Fontan procedure for patients with univentricular heart and low pulmonary artery pressure and resistance. However, nearly half of the patients with univentricular heart will not qualify for a Fontan procedure. For a selected group of these patients, septation must be considered because of the poor long-term outlook for patients with univentricular heart who do not undergo operation. PMID- 7242138 TI - Use of silicone rubber as a pericardial substitute to facilitate reoperation in cardiac surgery. AB - Reoperations following cardiac procedures have an increased risk because of the danger of damaging the heart, great vessels, or grafts because of adhesions to the sternum and anterior chest wall. We report our experience with the use of silicone rubber as a pericardial substitute in 102 patients--58 children undergoing palliative and corrective operations and 44 adults undergoing porcine valve insertion or coronary revascularization. The pericardial substitute was used only in cases in which reoperation was considered likely. There were no mediastinal infections. One adult had signs of cardiac constriction which improved markedly on administration of anti-inflammatory agents. Seven patients required reoperation for bleeding. Two patients who underwent Fontan procedures developed pericardial effusions necessitating a pericardial window. Reoperation was undertaken 1 to 12 months postoperatively in seven patients, all of whom were children. The silicon rubber greatly facilitated opening of the chest bone but did not affect the formation of adhesions within the pericardium. Postmortem examinations have been obtained in two cases 5 and 9 months postoperatively, and showed a thin layer of dense fibrous tissue adjacent to the silicone rubber. We conclude that silicone rubber may be used as a pericardial substitute and that it facilitates reoperation following cardiac operations. Particular caution should be used in patients undergoing Fontan procedures, as there appears to be a tendency for pericardial effusions and tamponade to develop. PMID- 7242140 TI - Transmediastinal repair of complex coarctation and interrupted aortic arch. AB - In the past 2 years, eight patients have had repair of coarctation of the aorta or interrupted aortic arch along with an intracardiac procedure performed through a simple midsternotomy. Five underwent total repair and three had palliation for the intracardiac lesion. Four patients did well (including one who required a resection for recoarctation), two died intraoperatively, and two died postoperatively (11 and 21 days), one of them from clostridial sepsis and the other from cerebral anoxia that followed a cardiac arrest precipitated by a massive hemoptysis. We found that with this approach the aortic obstruction could be readily relieved and the intracardiac procedure carried out. Since the majority of these patients have compromised hemodynamic status, the ease of instituting immediate bypass, avoidance of a separate incision, and feasibility of total repair are major advantages. PMID- 7242141 TI - Analysis on the molecular mechanism of globin gene expression in phenotypic variants of cultured Friend leukemia cells. PMID- 7242142 TI - Sezary syndrome occurring ten years after monoclonal gammapathy treated for four years by chlorambucil. PMID- 7242143 TI - Neurobiology of perfused mammalian eyes. PMID- 7242144 TI - Measurement of ligand binding with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - A method is described for measuring with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy the binding of ligands to particulate components of cells. This method is sensitive to intermediate-strength binding, which is difficult to measure with standard radiotracer binding assays, and is insensitive to 'tight' binding. Nonspecific binding and entrapment can be distinguished from specific binding even when a pharmacological agent is not available for competitive binding assays. Thus, the experimental approach presented provides a means of studying the possible physiological roles in neural tissue of metabolites that have not been implicated by neuropharmacological and neurophysiological experiments. The utility of this technique is discussed in terms of the information it has provided about the binding of enkephalin, epinephrine, acetylcholine and carnosine. This technique, although it uses technology new to most neuroscience laboratories, should be relatively easy to apply to existing research topics. The NMR spectrometer required for the binding assay is the type already found on most academic campuses, and the ligand need not have any special isotopic label. The particulate fraction can be prepared in the same way as for the radiotracer binding assays, which means that both tight and intermediate strength ligand binding can be measured with the same preparation. PMID- 7242146 TI - The construction, surgical implantation, and use of gastric catheters and a pyloric cuff. AB - Surgically implantable gastric catheters and a pyloric cuff have been developed for the rat for experimentation on the regulation of food intake. The implants are suitable for chronic or acute use. The catheters allow for the infusion of solutions directly into the lumen of the stomach as well as for the evacuation or sampling of contents. Intraluminal pressure and motility may also be monitored through the catheters. The pyloric cuff permits the experimental occlusion of the pylorus for selected periods of time. These devices are of importance when elucidating the peripheral and central regulation of food intake in the rat. PMID- 7242145 TI - Infrared video pupillometry: a method used to measure the pupillary effects of drugs in small laboratory animals in real time. AB - Pupillometry in clinical investigation and in basic research often requires dynamic measurement of pupil size. Static methods, i.e. direct observation and still photography, are often used because of the high cost of commercial infrared pupillometers and problems with pupil-iris contrast in small animals. This report describes an improved infrared video pupillometer (IVP) which accurately measures the pupil area of small animals in real time (30 samples/sec). Two components of the pupillometer were designed and built by the authors: a "bright-pupil" infrared illumination system and a digital video signal processor (VSP). The use of a standard closed-circuit television camera to produce the pupil image signal results in a device that is relatively economical to construct. The IVP is sensitive enough to accurately track pupil are in the study of the pupil light reflex or pupillary oscillations. Several applications for the IVP are illustrated, including analysis of the transient response to light flashes and intravenous injections of drug, and analysis of the spontaneous and drug-induced pupillary fluctuation. Pupillography has been applied in the bioassay of various psychopharmacologic compounds and in the assessment of narcotic dependency. This IVP is being used in this laboratory to study the pupillary action of opiates in the rabbit and rat. PMID- 7242147 TI - Two types of bipolar microelectrodes for intraretinal use. AB - This paper describes in some detail the construction of two types of bipolar microelectrodes that were used in intraretinal recordings from the intact rhesus monkey eye. The first type consists of a glass micropipette with a partly insulated silver paint coating, yielding a recording site located 120 micrometers from the tip of the glass pipette. The second type consists of two coaxial glass micropipettes with a tip distance of 50 micrometers and tip diameter of 10 and 1 micrometer, respectively. The coaxial glass electrode has a better electrical stability than the silver paint electrode and is mechanically stronger. An example of a recording is shown. PMID- 7242148 TI - Compensation for cross-talk and high frequency attenuation of bipolar microelectrodes. AB - Bipolar glass microelectrodes have a capacitance between the two recording channels and each channel has a capacitance to ground. These capacitances cause respectively cross-talk and high frequency attenuation. A new and general method for compensation of both distortions is developed. In this "inverse filter' method, the compensation circuit is derived from the equivalent circuit of the electrode. The method is applicable to all kinds of bi-and multipolar electrodes. The performance of the new method is compared with the existing "feedback' method (Freygang and Frank, 1959; Tomita, 1962) for glass microelectrodes. Detailed analysis shows that methods perform well for frequencies below 500 Hz, but the inverse filter method has good characteristics to at least 5 kHz. The poor high frequency behaviour of the feedback method is caused by preamplifier phase lag. PMID- 7242149 TI - An improved method for the bulk isolation of viable perikarya from postnatal cerebellum. AB - A modified method for the isolation of large numbers of viable perikarya from postnatally developing rat cerebellum is described in comparison with an earlier published version. Advantages of the modified preparation include greater cell yields which emphasize the preservation of the larger sized perikarya (inhibitory interneurons and Purkinje cells). In addition, the use of cytotoxic EDTA is eliminated, and by combining several steps and using a simpler buffer system, the preparation time is reduced by half to less than 1 h. PMID- 7242151 TI - On allowing something to happen. PMID- 7242152 TI - The social context of medical ethics. PMID- 7242150 TI - When illness is judged irreversible: imperative and elective treatments. PMID- 7242153 TI - Physicians, patients, and paternalism. PMID- 7242154 TI - Who's in charge here? PMID- 7242155 TI - Some (non-conventional) views on health care reform. PMID- 7242156 TI - A person is a person and a shpos is not. PMID- 7242158 TI - The influence of age on the response of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamo neurohypophyseal system II Quantitative morphology. PMID- 7242157 TI - The influence of age on the response of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamo neurohypophyseal system I. Ultrastructural aspects. AB - The influence of age on the response of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system to physiological stress has been studied by means of the electron microscope. An osmotic load was applied to male C57BL/Icrfat mice at 6 and 28 months of age and the resulting changes in the ultrastructure of SON cells in response to this stress analysed. In the young animals the differences in morphology observed between the SON cells from control and from those of salt-loaded mice were very similar to those seen in salt stressed rats at a similar age. Qualitative differences were noted in several sub cellular components of old, salt-stressed mice. The mitochondria showed evidence of ultrastructural damage in cells from the old, stressed animals. The Golgi system and the rough endoplasmic reticulum both showed heterogeneity in structure when compared with cells from young salt-stressed mice. In addition, there was a decrease in the lipofuscin content of old, salt-stressed mice. These changes are discussed with respect to the overall efficiency of cellular activity in old, physiologically stressed animals. PMID- 7242159 TI - Growth promotion by preventing G0-arrest does not enhance the replicative life span of human diploid fibroblasts. PMID- 7242160 TI - Morphological changes of the pyramidal cell nucleolus and nucleus in hamster frontal cortex during development and aging. AB - The development and aging of the nucleolus and nucleus in layer V pyramidal cells in the hamster cerebrum were studied by light and electron microscopy. The nucleoli appeared in the newborn as occasional fibrillar masses adjacent to peripherally placed bodies of chromatin. By maturity, a single, generally central, nucleolus proper with nucleolus-associated chromatin was present. Nucleolar microbodies were observed at 10, 15, 20 and 480 days, but not in the newborn, 5-or 90-day animal. An intranucleolar body was not observed at the electron at the electron-microscopy level in these pyramidal cell nucleoli at any age in this series, in contrast to the situation in large motor neurons of the facial nucleus. The nucleus progressed from an irregular shape at birth to an oval shape at maturity. At 10 days, incipient invaginations of the nuclear membrane appeared; these subsequently increased in depth and frequency in the adult. The above changes, particularly in the nucleoli, are correlated in time with changes involving the endoplasmic reticulum. The correlations may indicate different periods of metabolic activity in the hamster pyramidal neurons. Four such periods can be differentiated on the basis of cytomorphic changes which may be correlated to reported development of function. The sequence of these changes, peculiar to the developing and aging hamster pyramidal neuron, differs from that seen in large spinal and cranial motor neurons. It appears that some features of nuclear immaturity, which are lost in larger neuronal types, are retained in the adult pyramidal neuron. PMID- 7242161 TI - [Primary double neoplasias (author's transl)]. AB - Data of 22 patients with primary double tumors are reviewed, collected from a total of 39.000 clinical protocols of which 1.168 were malignant. All were histologically verified. Criteria were those established by Warren & Gates i.e. a) each tumor must present clear signs of malignancy, b) each tumor must be different from the other, c) all possibility that one tumor may be a metastasis of the other must be excluded. Twelve of the cases were male and 10 female, representing 1.88% of the total with malignancies. In 6 cases both tumors appeared simultaneously, while the time interval was between 1 and 43 years in the remaining 16. Hematologic neoplasias are predominant with 12/44, followed by digestive and urogenital ones with 8/44 in each sub-group. Association between double tumors is assessed and causal factors which may influence or favor the appearance of two or more neoplasias are discussed. PMID- 7242162 TI - [Hypertensive crisis. Clinical and therapeutic study of 130 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical aspects and response to therapy of 130 hypertensive emergencies are reviewed in this report. According to the main features of the clinical picture, the patients were divided into neurologic, cardiac or mixed emergencies. The patients were evaluated with clinical examination, fundoscopy, routine biochemistry, ECG, and chest radiograms. According to the response of the blood pressure to the administration of hypotensive drugs, the patients were divided into two groups: group I, with good response to a single drug associated to frusemide, and group II, with good response to two or more drugs associated to frusemide. Neurologic emergencies appeared in 55 patients (42% of total), and cardiac emergencies in 45 (34%), the initial blood pressure beeing higher in the first group (p less than 0.005). The fundus showed hypertensive retinopathy degrees III-IV in 55% of the patients. Patients in group I had less elevation of the initial blood pressure, showed a better response to therapy, and had only mild side effects from the administered drugs. Group II had a mortality of 11% and, as expected, showed more complications due to side effects. The frequency of appearance of toxic side effects from the drugs given is reviewed, and a therapeutic schedule is proposed. PMID- 7242163 TI - [A prospective study of pulmonary function in sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. AB - A prospective study of 21 patients with sarcoidosis has been carried out. The patients were divided into two groups with (B) or without (A) radiological evidence of pulmonary involvement. The results show that there exists a correlation only between pulmonary restriction and the degree of radiological involvement, and that the alteration of the other measured functions (pulmonary diffusion, elasticity, peripheral airway involvement) is independent of the radiological stage of the disease. The findings are compared to those of the literature, and the relative value of the different tests in the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis are discussed. PMID- 7242165 TI - [A-V conduction block at His bundle level; as the cause of syncopal crisis in patients with normal ECG (author's transl)]. AB - The history, clinical evolution and complementary studies used to identify the diagnostic etiology of syncopal crisis in a series of 5 patients are presented. The crisis consisted of advanced disturbances of the A-V conduction at the level of the His bundle. It is pointed out that although the evolution of the disturbance was intermittent, the surface ECG was normal and neither A-V block nor broadening of the QRS complex were seen. The importance of continued monitorization, whether as out-patients (Holter system) or, in some cases in an Intensive Care Unit, as well as the need to practice electrophysiologic studies in all these cases as the only way of establishing a firm diagnosis, are underlined. The fact that these disturbances do not always lead to an advanced blockage of A-V conduction is discussed as being reminiscent of the prospective and retrospective studies in the similar case of bi-fascicle block. PMID- 7242164 TI - [A study of anemia in 86 patients on hemodialysis (author's transl)]. AB - Anemia is one of the complications of terminal chronic renal failure that may worsen with periodical hemodialysis because of residual blood losses in the dialyzers that may be significant if clotting occurs within the circulation system. The potential iron deficiency component of the anemia has been studied in 86 patients submitted to periodic hemodialysis by measurement of hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin saturation, total iron binding capacity, and ferritin. The following correlations were investigated: degree of anemia and type of renal disease, months on hemodialysis and hemoglobin, months on hemodialysis and serum ferritin, and liters of blood transfused and serum ferritin. Statistically significant correlations were found between months on hemodialysis and hemoglobin, and between liters of blood transfused and serum ferritin. From the correlation between serum iron and ferritin the patients could be classified in three groups: 1, with either normal or low serum iron and ferritin, candidates to iron therapy; 2, with elevated serum iron and ferritin, needing no iron treatment; and 3, with unequal changes of serum iron and ferritin, in whom iron kinetic studies are indicated in order to discover the patents that may benefit from iron therapy. PMID- 7242166 TI - [Scarcity of spanish medical information in four Spanish journals (author's transl)]. AB - To evaluate if Spanish medical publications contribute to medical communication between Spanish medical workers of if in the contrary, Spanish authors gather most information from foreign journals, the percentage of Spanish references in Spanish journals has been calculated. Four Spanish journals and four foreign journals corresponding to the year 1977 have been reviewed. It has been found that the number of persons authoring an article in Spanish journals excedes in one author those of foreign papers, that Spanish papers have a mean of six more references than their foreign counterparts, and that there is a low number of Spanish references, decreasing even further if autoreferences are excluded. The findings are discussed with special emphasis on the low percentage of Spanish references in Spanish papers. PMID- 7242167 TI - [Giant cell arteritis: diagnostic value of a second biopsy of the temporal artery (author's transl)]. AB - A 79-year old female patient with antecedents of headache and fever, was admitted because of fatigue, anorexia, anemia and elevated ESR. After admission she presented with rheumatic polymyalgia and synovial effusion in the knee. A first biopsy of the temporal artery was normal. After dismissing other possible causes a second biopsy of the contralateral temporal artery was bone and confirmed giant cell arteritis. Diagnostic value of a second temporal artery biopsy is discussed and justified by: a) a confirmed diagnosis is necessary for prolonged treatment with corticosteroids, b) if it is decided to treat the rheumatic polymyalgia with lower doses of corticosteroids than for temporal arteritis the certainty that no temporal arteritis is present and c) shortening the hospital stay and lowering the cost and number of diagnostic procedures. The frequency of arthritis and synovial effusion in temporal arteritis are also discussed. PMID- 7242168 TI - [Painful tonic seizures in multiple sclerosis. Clinical and electromyographic aspects (author's transl)]. AB - This case report deals with a 29 year-old female patient with a prior history of a vestibular syndrome and elapsing optic neuritis that presented paroxystic episodes of painful tonic contractions affecting the right hemibody, especially the upper limb. In the hand the clinical picture was similar to that of the carpal spasm of tetany. When inducing a crisis with ischemia the electromyogram showed diplets, triplets, and multiplets following the appearance of an interference pattern syncronous with contraction of the hand. Occasionally an interference pattern was observed that was associated only to a subjective sensation of paresthesia. During the crisis and in the intercritical periods the following measurements gave normal results: serum calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, pH, and pCO2. The administration of calcium had no effect on the frequency and intensity of the crisis. The response to carbemazepine was dramatic, with complete cessation of the crisis and disappearance of the spontaneous activity in the electromyogram. Interruption of treatment one year later was followed by relapse of the painful tonic crisis. The importance of certain electromyographic features and the therapeutic response to carbemazepine in the differential diagnosis of painful tonic crisis and tetany are emphasized. The existence of two clinical-electromyographic patterns in painful tonic crisis is pointed out. PMID- 7242169 TI - [Comments on a series of 38 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)]. AB - A series of 38 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism seen at a single hospital within a four a half year period is reported. The importance of hypercalcemia in the diagnosis of this syndrome and its screening in cases of arterial hypertension, gout, osteoporosis, and families with type I multiple endocrine neoplasia are underlined. The patients in the present series had a florid clinical history with a mean duration of 14 years. Main symptoms were urolithiasis (52%), arterial hypertension (28.9%), bone involvement and pain (23.7%), and peptic ulcer (18.4%). There were a high proportion of patients with hyperuricemia (26.3%), some with classical symptoms of gout. One patient presented simultaneous pituitary and pancreatic involvement. Surgical therapy was undertaken in 25 patients, of whom 24 (96%) were cured, one of them after reoperation. There were no cases of relapse, hypoparathyroidism, or postoperative death. Surgery is the only rational and definitive form of treatment of hyperparathyroidism; both experienced surgeons and pathologists are necessary to deal with the anatomic and histologic subtleties of this interesting endocrine disorder. PMID- 7242170 TI - [Fever of unknown origin with a prolonged course (author's transl)]. AB - Out of 110 cases of fever of unknown origin (FUO) that met Petersdorf and Beeson's criteria 15 patients were selected because of prolonged FUO with more than six months elapsed between admission and the final diagnosis. In this group of chronic FUO an etiological diagnosis was reached in 11 cases, distributed as follows: four cases with infections (two with toxoplasmosis, one with brucellosis, and another with a brain abscess); one with colon carcinoma; two with collagen-vascular diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, temporal arteritis); and four with different diseases (two with familial mediterranean fever, one with idiopathic granulomatous disease, and another with factitious fever). In four cases no cause for the FUO could be determined. The procedures used to obtain the diagnosis were non-invasive in five cases (clinical course and serological tests), and invasive in another five (angiography, biopsies, and exploratory laparotomy). In one case the ethology could only be ascertained at autopsy. In the FUO with a prolonged course the peculiar etiological spectrum, the lesser yield of invasive procedures, and a mortality inferior to that of FUO in general all deserve special emphasis. PMID- 7242172 TI - [Meningoencephalitis in a case of Behcet's disease. Electroencephalographic findings (author's transl)]. AB - A case of meningoencephalitis appearing during the course of Behcet's disease is reported. The electroencephalographic study revealed the presence of localized short periodical activity, a heretofore unreported observation in this disease. This type of periodical activity, characteristic of acute necrotizing encephalitis (i.e., encephalitis by herpes simplex virus), appears as well, although to a lesser extent, in certain supratentorial processes such as cerebrovascular accidents and brain tumours. The features of the periodical activity in the present case are analyzed, with emphasis on those that differentiate it from the electroencephalographic pattern described in herpetic encephalitis and that, in turn, make this type of activity close to that observed in focal supratentorial brain processes. Regarding its origin, a single case precludes any formal hypothesis. PMID- 7242173 TI - An overview of obstructive lung diseases. PMID- 7242175 TI - Home oxygen in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Numerous studies have indicated that home oxygen is safe and practical. Continuous oxygen improves survival compared to 12 hour oxygen in advanced COPD. Neuropsychiatric benefit by oxygen has been documented in several studies. Thus, oxygen should be considered palliative in advanced forms of COPD. Practical oxygen systems are available which include compressed, liquid and concentrator systems. Thus, oxygen is now established in the care of selected patients with advanced COPD. Future studies wil be needed to evaluate the effectiveness of oxygen to combat the possible effects of transient hypoxemia in patients with COPD during sleep or exercise. PMID- 7242171 TI - [Myocardial infarction in hyperthyroidism (author's transl)]. AB - Three patients with untreated hyperthyroidism at the time of admission are reported. Two of them were young women with myocardial infarction and no significant lesions of the coronary arteries, and the third was a male with a prior history of Prinzmetal's variant angina with ventricular fibrillation. Emphasis is made on the fact that the association of hyperthyroidism and ischemic cardiomyopathy is well known but infrequent. Finally, a comment is made on the possible mechanisms of occlusion of a coronary artery in this situation, namely vasospasm, embolism with later recanalization, or the direct effect of thyroid hormones on the factors determining myocardial oxygen consumption. PMID- 7242176 TI - [Allergy diagnosis in hay fever. Screening by questionnaire and prick test]. PMID- 7242174 TI - Acute respiratory failure and chronic obstructive lung disease: recent advances. AB - Treatment of respiratory failure in the patient with chronic obstructive lung disease requires the use of a controlled oxygen, treatment of reversible causes of deterioration, and treatment of the associated bronchospasm. Complications such as pulmonary emboli and gastrointestinal bleeding should be avoided by prophylactic therapy. Mechanical ventilation should be avoided if possible. If the patient requires intubation, weaning and extubation should be an orderly transition to spontaneous ventilation. Nutritional support should be stressed during respiratory failure. Finally, as explained in detail in other chapters, a comprehensive outpatient treatment program should be planned prior to discharge from the hospital. A comprehensive approach to management should improve the quality of life and further improve survival in the patient with chronic obstructive lung diseases. PMID- 7242177 TI - [The hematological side effects on antihypertensive drugs]. PMID- 7242178 TI - [Reagent strip versus sedimentation test in the diagnosis of hematuria]. PMID- 7242180 TI - Tongue release using the CO2 laser. PMID- 7242179 TI - [The ambulance service--as in 1871 or in 1981? Teach the ambulance crew to defibrillate. Gives increased survival after cardiac arrest]. PMID- 7242181 TI - Clinical application of middle ear effusion analyses. PMID- 7242182 TI - External immobilization for mandibular reconstruction. PMID- 7242183 TI - Management of intratemporal vascular tumors. AB - Vascular tumors (vascular malformations and hemangiomas) of the temporal bone are uncommon, and guidelines for their management have not been published. In an effort to develop an approach to their management, the present study examined the pathological, clinical, and surgical experience with ten of these lesions treated at the Otologic Medical Group, Inc., and St. Vincent Medical Center in Los Angeles from 1960 to 1980. Intratemporal vascular tumors occurred most frequently at two sites, the internal auditory canal and the geniculate ganglion. Histological features and clinical behavior did not correlate. Both vascular malformations and hemangiomata invaded the facial nerve. Surgical excision in these cases required severence and repair of the involved facial nerve. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice of vascular lesions of the temporal bone. PMID- 7242184 TI - Tympanic membrane perforations secondary to ventilation devices: special considerations. AB - Tympanic membrane perforations are uncommon following the use of ventilation devices; however, persistent perforations should be given special attention for squamous epithelial growth through the perforation to the undersurface of the tympanic membrane. Surgical management is indicated in these cases. Tympanic membrane grafting procedures are adequate for early involvement. Successful grafting depends on excision of the tympanic membrane involved with the undersurface growth of squamous epithelium. Mastoid extension of the squamous tissue ingrowth requires greater surgical exposure. Cases and their management are presented. PMID- 7242185 TI - Syphilis: an otolaryngologic perspective. AB - Early syphilis incidence has been increasing in the United States for the past several years. The post-antibiotic generation of physicians has generally been inadequately trained to recognize the varied manifestations of this disease, yet can expect to encounter it on a more frequent basis in the near future. A literature review of otolaryngologic presentations and the problems of diagnosis and treatment are presented as an aid to the recognition and management of this disease. PMID- 7242187 TI - Malignant hyperpyrexia: an update for the otolaryngologist. AB - Malignant hyperpyrexia (MH) is a syndrome with a mortality of 60%, triggered by a broad variety of anesthetic agents. The most significant recent advance influencing the clinician's ability to safely manage MH individuals is the emergence of dantrolene sodium as both a prophylactic and a therapeutic agent. The purpose of this presentation is to review recent clinical and laboratory studies and advances which are the basis for establishing the pathophysiology of this syndrome and pharmacology of treatment. The FDA has recently approve intravenous Dantrium for treatment of malignant hyperpyrexia. Intravenous and oral Dantrium has much theoretical support and experimental evidence which suggests it will significantly reduce the mortality previously associated with this syndrome. PMID- 7242186 TI - Synchronous tuberculous involvement of both ears and the larynx in a patient with active pulmonary disease. AB - Since the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the United States has declined dramatically, this diagnosis is often overlooked in the differential diagnosis of puzzling extra-pulmonary disease. Recent publications emphasize that tuberculosis still needs to be considered in patients with chronic ear, nose, and throat complaints. A patient with tuberculosis involving both middle ears, the larynx, and the lung was correctly diagnosed only after a prolonged delay and several visits for chronically draining ears. As a result of the infection, subtotal bilateral tympanic membrane perforations and a profound hearing loss in both ears occurred. This case emphasized the importance of a high index of suspicion in the evaluation and treatment of patients with symptoms of chronic diseases who fail to respond to conventional therapy. PMID- 7242188 TI - Indications and methods for performance of osteoplastic-obliterative frontal sinusotomy with a description of a new method and some remarks upon the present state of the are of external frontal sinus surgery. AB - The Goodale-Montgomery osteoplastic obliterative frontal sinusotomy has been the ultimate resource in America for the most difficult and intractable cases of frontal sinusitis. This operation respects the integrity of the frontal floor and is based upon a concept with which the author disagrees: that the frontal sinus may be treated as an entity quite separate form the ethmoid. Macbeth, who does not obliterate, avails himself of the excellent transfrontal approach to the ethmosphenoids, but breaches the frontal floor in so doing. American surgeons have not followed his lead. The pros and cons of obliteration are discussed, reviewing relevant clinical and experimental data. The author believes that Macbeth's operation is more rational and effective than Goodale's. In an effort to utilize it and have the benefits of an obliterative technique, he employs a composite fat-fascia lata graft which prevents prolapse of fat down into nose and ethmoid. Three cases are briefly reported. PMID- 7242189 TI - Surgery of the crooked nose. AB - The approach to surgery of the crooked nose has changed significantly in the last two decades due in a large measure to a better understanding of the growth, anatomy, and physiology of the nose. The crooked nose often presents a challenging problem to the surgeon because of the multiplicity of deformities. In most cases, deformities of the external bony and cartilaginous nose, septum and turbinates must all be corrected simultaneously in order to obtain a satisfactory and lasting restoration of the nasal airway as well as the external nasal configuration. PMID- 7242190 TI - External septorhinoplasty: a tool for teaching and for improved results. AB - The external septorhinoplasty incision is basically a 5 mm. incision across the columella connecting a left and right alar margin incision. This allows retraction of the dorsal skin to expose the entire dorsal skeletal structure. It has great advantage to both surgeon and assistant for teaching and studying deformed nasal anatomy, and for improved rhinoplasty results because it allows binocular visual monitoring of surgery, the use of both hands, control of bleeding by electrocautery, accurate diagnosis of revisional surgery, and structures so that postoperative distortion from healing does not occur. If grafts or implants are needed they can be accurately modelled and sutured in place to prevent post-operative wobbling. The columellar scar it properly closed becomes inconspicuous in a few months, and even early in the healing process it is not noticed because the observer is viewing it at a very oblique angle. It is felt that this operation will be a very valuable addition to every doing rhinoplasties and septoplasties. PMID- 7242191 TI - Pericranial flap for the closure of defects of craniofacial resection. AB - Malignant neoplasms involving the ethmoid sinuses mandate en bloc resection via the craniofacial approach. This technique leaves a direct communication between the nasal chamber and the extradural space to be closed. The elevation of dura from the nasal chamber and the extradural space to be closed. The elevation of dura from the anterior chamber and the extradural space to be closed. The elevation of dura from the anterior cranial fossa and cribriform area may result in small dural tears, CSF leak and/or CNS infections. We have utilized an inferiorly based pericranial flap and a laterally based osteoplastic bone flap to successfully close this space and dural defects. The laterally based bone flap allows insetting pericranial flap without compromising the vascularized inferior base and gives generous exposure of the area to be resected. This approach has been used successfully in four patients in the last year. Three patients had esthesioneuroblastomas and the fourth had a squamous cell carcinoma of the maxilloethmoid complex. This communication describes the technique and lists advantages of the inferiorly based pericranial flap. PMID- 7242192 TI - Malignant external otitis: early histopathologic changes and pathogenic mechanism. AB - The histopathologic changes during the early stage of malignant external otitis (MEO) were studied in two patients, one a non-diabetic. The specimens were obtained by an en bloc excision of the diseased tissue of the external ear canal through a retroauricular approach. The most prominent histologic features of the early stage of MEO consist of a thick layer of almost acellular, partly degenerated, collagen extending from the cartilage into the dermis, which most likely existed prior to the penetration of the microorganism. This finding supports our concept that MEO is a disease which develops as a results of invasion of opportunistic organisms into tissue previously devitalized, probably due to vascular compromise and that these latter features constitute the basic mechanism of the entire disease process. PMID- 7242194 TI - Superiorly based tracheostomal flap to counteract tracheal stenosis: experimental study. AB - A superiorly based tracheal flap raised from the anterior tracheal wall was rotated anteriorly and superiorly to be sutured to the subcutaneous tissues. A series of 16 tracheostomies were performed on mongrel dogs. The stenosing effects of conventionally performed operations were compared to those of the new method. Autopsy sections of the post-tracheostomy sites demonstrated a significant loss of anteroposterior diameter averaging 16.5% as compared to the original unoperated-on luminae. No signs of tracheal stenosis were found whenever the proposed new technique was employed. This technique seems applicable to patients in whom assisted ventilation is contemplated. PMID- 7242195 TI - Head and neck involvement with malignant histiocytosis: case report and literature review. AB - Malignant Histiocytosis (MH) is a disease being recognized with greater frequency. A case is reported together with a literature review to determine the frequency of this occurrence. Of the 108 case reports of MH reviewed, 43 (39%) had head and neck involvement described, with 22 (20%) having extranodal disease. Nine (40%) of the 22 cases with extra-nodal disease had primary involvement with an apparent survival advantage over the 13 (60%) with secondary involvement (12 mo. vs. 4 mo.). Although those with primary involvement may have apparently localized disease, systemic spread was eventually described in all case reports. Based on the above, MH should be considered as a diagnostic possibility in patients with head and neck lesions, and when diagnosed, systemic therapy should be administered even when the disease is apparently localized. PMID- 7242193 TI - Electroglottographic studies of Staffieri neoglottis. AB - Among several methods of surgical restoration of voice which were introduced in the last two decades, the one of Staffieri has so far been most successful, though perfection with this technique still remains to be achieved. Question has always been raised as to the nature of function of the neoglottis in the production of voice in these patients. An attempt has been made to study this function with the aid of electroglottography. Results show that the neoglottis functions in some ways similar to the normal human glottis, and as the source of vibrations in these laryngectomized subjects. PMID- 7242196 TI - Sinus infection and adenotonsillitis in pediatric patients. AB - A number of children who suffer from tonsillitis and adenoids hypertrophy also have associated sinus infection. These patients, who are widely treated, have varied responses; hence a correlation has been sought between the two ailments. A study of 100 children between 1-12 years of age was undertaken to provide a correlation. Therapeutic response to the treatment of sinusitis, vis-a-vis adenotonsillitis, was noted. This work has been supplemented by experimental studies on dogs and conclusion has been drawn. PMID- 7242197 TI - The use of radioisotope scans in the preoperative evaluation of epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - Because of the growing awareness of metastatic disease in head and neck patients, a protocol including radioisotope scans was begun through the Baylor Department of Otolaryngology at the Houston V.A. Hospital in an attempt to identify these patients preoperatively. Out of 198 death charts reviewed, only 3 had positive preoperative scans and only one of these was clinically significant. Chest X-rays identified more preoperative metastatic disease than the radioisotope scans. Twenty percent of patients had second primaries, which was more than the number of patients dying with distant metastatic disease. Only 5% of these patients died of metastatic disease with local control. Local control with follow-up for second primaries should be the primary objective of the surgeon. Radioisotope scans were of no significant value in evaluating preoperative metastatic disease. PMID- 7242198 TI - Surgery of the endolymphatic sac. AB - The wide variation in reported success rates in endolymphatic sac surgery has been the subject of much controversy in literature. This series is a follow-up of additional cases done since 1976 that were previously reported with 55% relief of vertigo on relatively long-term follow-ups of 24 months to 10 years. This present series is an additional 30 endolymphatic shunts that were done since that time. This group of patients as a rule had their disease for a shorter period of time. It is interesting that the long-term relief of vertigo in this series is 70%. This is considerably better than the initial series of 66 patients previously reported. It is postulated that there are some benefits to earlier surgery in endolymphatic hydrops before the endolymphatic sac lumen becomes obliterated with fibrous tissue. It is always possible that the shorter follow-up period in this group of patients also adds to this statistical improvement. PMID- 7242199 TI - Long-term middle ear ventilation. AB - A 15 year experience using wide flange tube for long term ventilation is reported with emphasis on complications and is compared in some respects to a small series of Paparella tube implants. At one time or another 70% of the wide flange tube implants were complicated, as were 100% of the Paparella tubes. The incidence of infection over a long period is high, at times only manageable with removal of the tube. However, longevity when tubes are removed for uncontrolled complication is still almost 3 years and as long as 12 years. The average longevity for electively removed tubes exceeds 4 years. Peritubal drum atrophy is a significant side effect of long-term ventilation and predisposes to permanent perforation. It contributes to spontaneous extrusion which occurred in 5% of the implants. There were 49 permanent perforations in the wide flange series. Yet, a permanent perforation for permanent or severe chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction is not all bad. These permanent, mostly anterior perforations were not associated with much hearing loss; an average of 7.1 bd. Alternative methods to achieve permanent ventilation are discussed and do not seem more reliable or less complication prone. PMID- 7242202 TI - The Singer-Blom speech rehabilitation procedure. AB - Singer and Blom have recently reported a new surgical method for speech rehabilitation of the alaryngeal patient. The method consists of a tracheoesophageal, puncture (TEP) followed 2 to 3 days later by insertion of a silicone "duckbill" prosthesis which acts as a one-way valve allowing pulmonary air to enter and vibrate the esophagus but preventing aspiration. Along with more rapid acquisition of speech, the advantage of tracheoesophageal speech over esophageal speech is the greater volume of air flow through the vibrating segment of the esophagus, which allows smoother and more prolonged speech. Thirteen of our 18 patients (72%) who have undergone TEP are currently using tracheoesophageal speech. The complications associated with this procedure include the TEP tract closing, tracheal mucositis, stenosis of the tracheostoma, aspiration of the prosthesis, esophageal tear, and aspiration from the esophagus. Although we have encountered several problems, we enthusiastically endorse this procedure since it provides oral communication which is comparable to, and in many cases better than, that of the majority of esophageal speakers. PMID- 7242200 TI - Comprehensive hearing aid program within an ear, nose, and throat office. AB - Hearing aid dispensing within an otolaryngological/audiological clinic is a well accepted fact, and offers total hearing care in a professional setting. The effectiveness of such a program as to wearing habits and acceptance of services rendered, to my knowledge, has not been studied. This paper discussed data obtained from a questionnaire sent out to 1100 hearing aid patients. The questionnaire was designed to study satisfaction with clinic services and costs, acceptance and adjustment, communication abilities and wearing habits. Statistical analysis was performed by the Department of Biometry at LSU Shreveport. The information received is valuable in determining when hearing aids are most helpful and least helpful and brings out some factors which should influence one in determining who should and should not be fitted with amplification. PMID- 7242201 TI - Total obliteration of the mastoid, middle ear, and external auditory canal. A review of 27 cases. AB - In the past 22 years, 27 patients had undergone total obliteration of the mastoid, middle ear, and external auditory canal. Most of the patients had severely diseased ears, many with multiple previous operations. When performed for chronic otorrhea, the operation resulted in a dry ear in all but two cases, though healing was prolonged in some. Secondary revisions for hearing were unsuccessful. We review the indications for this procedure and the experience of others who had used similar techniques. Though seldom indicated, the mastoid obliteration operation results in a dry ear in almost all patients. PMID- 7242203 TI - Perilymphatic fistulas. AB - The oft-quoted dictum that clinical suspicion rather than any specific test leads to the diagnosis is confirmed by our study. Further work is needed to define the vestibular findings more precisely and to work out relationships between CSF and perilymph pressures. Temporal bone study will be necessary to document the double membrane break theory. Future study may include analysis of suspected fistula fluid to determine if it represents a mixture of perilymph and endolymph. From our study, fistulae may occur from minimal or no trauma. The presentation is usually subtle. Because no diagnostic test is available to assure correct diagnosis, one must maintain a high index of suspension. Diagnosis usually cannot be made until the ear is surgically explored. The low morbidity of an exploratory tympanotomy, coupled with the high positive to negative ratio of exploration and the high degree of successful results, leads the authors to encourage exploration. Indeed, the overall concensus is that many active fistulae remain undiagnosed because of the lack of suspension and the reluctance to explore an ear without a concrete preoperative diagnosis. The duration of the fistulae and the recurrent nature of the problem poses another diagnostic dilemma. The first positive exploratory tympanotomy for perilymphatic fistula often leaves the surgeon with a dichotomy of emotion from pride of a correct diagnosis to fear that perhaps his observations of the minute clear fluid seepage was an error. Reversal of patient symptoms quickly erases such fears and presumptive diagnosis of perilymphatic fistula becomes easier to make. Eventually, one begins to worry, "How many have I missed." PMID- 7242204 TI - Complications of space infections of the head and neck. AB - Life threatening infections of odontogenic or upper airway origin may extend to potential spaces formed by fascial planes of the lower head and upper cervical area. The incidence of these "space infections" has been greatly reduced by modern antibiotic therapy. However, serious morbidity and even fatalities continue to occur. Two cases of deep neck infection, (one of odontogenic and one tonsillar in origin) with subsequent mediastinitis, empyema, pericarditis and ultimate survival are reported. One case of deep neck infection, (of odontogenic etiology) and suppurative thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein with ultimate fatal outcome is also reviewed. Review of the literature reveals only one previous case report of a survivor of an odontogenic deep neck infection complicated by mediastinitis, empyema and pericarditis. The anatomy, etiology and treatment of complications of these "space infections" of the head and neck are briefly reviewed. PMID- 7242205 TI - Recurrent cementifying fibroma of the jaws. AB - The cementifying fibroma is a benign fibro-osseous tumor of the jaws, and is generally believed to originate from the periodontal ligament. The tumor commonly presents as an asymptomatic mass lesion, and is usually well-circumscribed clinically so that conservative excisions have been the treatment of choice. From 1970-1980, 94 cases of cementifying fibromas involving either the maxilla or the mandible were accessioned by the Tumor Registry of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Recurrences were found in 11 of these cases, of which 6 involved the mandible. Experiences with these cases are described, as well as experiences with two patients who were managed at the National Naval Medical Center and National Institutes of Health. Conclusions indicate that preferred management for most recurrent cementifying fibromas involves conservative removals which attempt to preserve form and function of the affected site. Residual disease when unavoidable often remains quiescent for extended periods of time without compromise to the patient involved. PMID- 7242206 TI - Otomastoid cholesteatomas with intact eardrum. PMID- 7242207 TI - Treatment of carcinoma of the vocal cord. A review of 20 years experience. AB - At the University of California, San Francisco, 323 patients were treated for carcinoma of the vocal cord between January 1956 and December 1975. Patients with early T1 or T2 lesions were treated with radiotherapy or conservative surgery. Patients with T3 or T4 lesions were treated with total laryngectomy, radiation alone, or combined therapy. Of the 247 patients treated with definitive radiotherapy, initial control of the primary lesion was achieved in 100% of T1S, 80% of T1, 52% of T2, and 50% of T3 and T4 lesions. Surgical salvage of radiation failures was 86%, giving ultimate control rates in this group of 100% for T1S, 97% for T1, 91% for T2 and 64% for T3 and T4. Involvement of the anterior commissure did not significantly affect local control or survival rates of the irradiated patients. Voice quality was satisfactory in 95% of controlled patients. Surgery alone was used as the primary treatment modality in 63 patients, with ultimate local control achieved in 75% of T1S, 83% of T1, 85% of T2, 81% of T3 and T4 lesions. Planned combined therapy was successful in 9/13 patients in whom it was used. The overall 3 and 5 year actuarial survival rates were 84% and 77% respectively corresponding determinate survival rates were 90% and 86%. PMID- 7242208 TI - The effect of nasal packing on sleep-disordered breathing and nocturnal oxygen desaturation. AB - Nasal obstruction is known to cause abnormal ventilation during sleep in infants, but its effects on breathing and oxygenation during sleep in adults are unknown. However, in adults, obstruction of the nose by nasal packing has been shown to cause hypoxia, and on occasion, hypercarbia and sudden death. We have investigated the pattern of ventilation and the level of oxygenation during sleep in seven patients who had nasal packs after nasal polypectomy or septoplasty. Using standard polysomnographic techniques, we monitored chest wall motion, nasal and oral airflow, and arterial oxygen saturation and sleep stages. Nasal packing either caused or worsened sleep-disordered breathing in all patients and significantly increased the number, duration, and frequency of episodes for the group as a whole. Several patients also had a greatly increased number and severity of episodes of nocturnal oxygen desaturation. This study shows that obstruction of the nose by packing causes marked alterations in breathing during sleep in adults. PMID- 7242210 TI - "How I do it"--head and neck. A targeted problem and its solution. A technique for electromyographic evaluation of intrinsic laryngeal muscle activity in man. PMID- 7242209 TI - Necrotizing sialometaplasia. AB - Necrotizing sialometaplasia of salivary gland tissue is a benign, self-limiting disease usually confined to the minor salivary glands. To date only 49 cases have been reported. The clinical and histologic appearance may simulate squamous cell carcinoma, and unnecessary mutilating surgery may be performed if an erroneous diagnosis is made. The otolaryngologist must recognize this disease entity since it heals spontaneously and requires no treatment. Necrotizing sialometaplasia has no known premalignant potential. PMID- 7242211 TI - "How I do it"--otology and neurotology. A specific issue and its solution. Merthiolate in treatment of otomycosis. PMID- 7242212 TI - "How I do it"--plastic surgery. Practical suggestions on facial plastic surgery. Trapezius myocutaneous island flap. PMID- 7242213 TI - Hemophilus influenzae soft tissue infection of the head and neck. PMID- 7242215 TI - Changes in neutrophil motility accompanying dapsone and rifampicin therapy. PMID- 7242214 TI - Heterotopic salivary tissue and branchial cleft sinus. PMID- 7242216 TI - Choice of sites for study of slit skin smears. PMID- 7242218 TI - An assessment of dapsone self-administration in Gudiyatham Taluk. How should urinary dapsone/creatinine ratios be used? PMID- 7242219 TI - The histology of erythema nodosum leprosum. Variant forms in New Guineans and other ethnic groups. PMID- 7242220 TI - The eye and leprosy. PMID- 7242217 TI - Dapsone compliance in North-east India. PMID- 7242221 TI - Gonadal function in lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 7242222 TI - Clofazimine (lamprene or B663) in lepra reactions. PMID- 7242223 TI - An assessment of the usefulness and acceptability of eye shields under field conditions. PMID- 7242224 TI - Leprosy in Indonesia. PMID- 7242225 TI - Basic nerve function assessment in leprosy patients. PMID- 7242226 TI - Leprosy and syphilis: a case report. PMID- 7242230 TI - [Primary carcinoma of liver]. PMID- 7242228 TI - [Prevention of pylephlebitis as a complication of acute appendicitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242229 TI - [Pheochromocytoma--clinical observations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242227 TI - [Chronic disease, complaints and impairments in persons aged 65 to 84 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242231 TI - [Surgical treatment of the stenosis of the initial part of the ureter (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242232 TI - [Alterations in the renographic curves in floating kidneys (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242233 TI - [Current theories of aging (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242234 TI - Inhibition of uterine contraction by synthetic parathyroid hormone fragment. PMID- 7242235 TI - Circadian variation of carrageenan-paw edema in the rat. PMID- 7242236 TI - Disruption of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neuronal function blocks the action of morphine on tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons. PMID- 7242237 TI - Bombesin alters behavioral thermoregulation in fish. PMID- 7242238 TI - Age-related changes in glutamate concentration and synaptosomal glutamate uptake in adult rat striatum. PMID- 7242239 TI - The effect of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis on hematocrits of mice. PMID- 7242240 TI - Effects of preoptic - suprachiasmatic lesions on renal excretion of electrolytes. PMID- 7242243 TI - Glucagon and epinephrine-stimulated phospholipid methylation in hepatic microsomes. PMID- 7242244 TI - Comparative evaluation of visual evoked potentials in experimental hepatic encephalopathy and in pharmacologically induced coma-like states in rat. PMID- 7242242 TI - Enhancement of apomorphine-induced climbing in mice by reversible and irreversible narcotic antagonist drugs. PMID- 7242246 TI - Manganese as agonist and antagonist of calcium ions: dual effect upon catecholamine release from adrenal medulla. PMID- 7242241 TI - Sensitive depressant effect of benzodiazepines on the crossed extensor reflex in chloralose-anesthetized rats. PMID- 7242245 TI - Potent tetrapeptide enkephalins. PMID- 7242248 TI - Differential tolerance to the effects of morphine on evoked activity in the hippocampal slice. PMID- 7242247 TI - Dopamine-inhibited adenylate cyclase in female rat adenohypophysis. PMID- 7242249 TI - Chronic neuroleptic treatment specifically alters the number of dopamine receptors in rat brain. PMID- 7242250 TI - The effect of running on plasma beta-endorphin. PMID- 7242251 TI - Synthesis of rat hepatic zinc thionein in response to the stress of sham operation. PMID- 7242252 TI - Dopamine and norepinephrine uptake and metabolism by astroglial cells in culture. PMID- 7242253 TI - The thyroid in diabetes mellitus, obesity and fasting. PMID- 7242255 TI - Interaction of T3 and carbohydrate in the induction of lipogenic enzymes. PMID- 7242256 TI - Hepatic thyroxine (T4) uptake as a mechanism for regulation of triiodothyronine (T3) generation in rat liver slices. PMID- 7242257 TI - Role of T3 in fasted man. PMID- 7242258 TI - Effects of dietary manipulation on the in vitro generation of 3,5,3' triiodothyronine from thyroxine in rat liver preparations. PMID- 7242254 TI - The effects of diabetes mellitus on the 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine production. PMID- 7242259 TI - Starvation and thyroid function: effects on thermogenesis and serum thyrotropin. PMID- 7242260 TI - Effect of thyroxine on nerve growth factor concentration in neonatal mouse brain. PMID- 7242261 TI - A model of sustained activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) using anterior hypothalamic cooling in the baboon. PMID- 7242262 TI - Dietary-induced thermogenesis: control of energy expenditure. PMID- 7242264 TI - Luteinizing hormone release after stimulation of the preoptic area with paired identical pulses: refractory period versus facilitation. PMID- 7242263 TI - Formation of N1-acetylspermidine in rat liver after treatment with carbon tetrachloride. PMID- 7242265 TI - Circadian rhythmicity in the amounts of glycosaminoglycans in the spleen of adult mice. PMID- 7242266 TI - Individual differences in effects of tricyclic antidepressants and anticholinergic drugs on operant behavior in the squirrel monkey. PMID- 7242267 TI - The site of action of naloxone in suppressing food and water intake in rats. PMID- 7242268 TI - Metabolism of [14C]fluorodeoxyglucose by rat brain in vivo. PMID- 7242269 TI - Glucuronic acid conjugates of clofibrate: four isomeric structures. PMID- 7242270 TI - Sterol ester hydrolase in Fusarium oxysporum. AB - Two electrophoretically different forms of sterol ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.13) were obtained from the cytoplasmic extract of the mycelia of Fusarium oxysporum. The entities, estimated at 60,000 (I) and 15,000 (II) molecular weights, were obtained in Sephadex G100 column chromatography of the ammonium sulfate precipitate from the cytoplasmic extract. A third form III, 75,000 MW, was obtained from the culture filtrate. The activity of the enzyme was increased by Triton X-100 and was not inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), a sulfhydryl reagent. The enzymes I and II were inhibited differentially by NaCl. The optimal activities of forms I, II and III occurred at pH 4.8, pH 8.0 and pH 7.0, respectively. The apparent Km values of 7.7 X 10(-5), 8.3 X 10(-5) and 10.5 X 10(-5), respectively, indicate a similar order of affinity for cholesteryl oleate at pH 7.1. The rate of hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters were in the order: linoleate greater than oleate greater than valerate greater than butyrate greater than acetate. Cholesteryl benzoate and palmitate were not hydrolyzed. The properties of the microbial enzyme are discussed in relation. PMID- 7242271 TI - Chaulmoogric acid: assimilation into the complex lipids of mycobacteria. AB - Lipid analysis of Mycobacterium vaccae, grown in the presence of chaulmoogric acid, demonstrates that this cyclopentenyl fatty acid is taken up by the organism and incorporated into cellular phospholipids and triacylglycerols. As cell growth is retarded by the addition of chaulmoogric acid to the growth medium, it is possible that the antimicrobial properties of this compound results from a perturbation of membrane processes. PMID- 7242272 TI - Age-strain interrelations in lipid metabolism of rats. AB - Various aspects of lipid metabolism were compared in Fisher 344 (F) and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats aged 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. The analyses included free and total cholesterol of serum and liver, LCAT, hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, fatty acid synthetase, acetyl CoA carboxylase and cholesterol synthesis from acetate or mevalonate. The body weight of SD rats increases with age whereas that of F rats plateaus at 9-12 months. Liver and aorta cholesterol levels were comparable for the 2 strains. Serum cholesterol varied but was usually lower in F rats. HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase activities were not significantly different. Cholesterol synthesis from acetate was significantly higher only in 2-month-old F rats; synthesis from mevalonate was similar at each level. Acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase activity were generally higher in F rats at every age level. The major difference between F and SD rats is in their pattern of weight gain with age. Differences in lipid metabolism are most marked between the young (2-month) rats. PMID- 7242273 TI - Diet and high density lipoproteins. AB - The acute and subacute effects of different diets on serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration and/or HDL composition are described. In obese normolipemic, hypercholesterolemic (type II) and hypertriglyceridemic (type IV) patients, low HDL cholesterol values remained low during total starvation for 2 weeks. Prudent diets in patients with type II and IV hyperlipoproteinemia had no significant effects on HDL cholesterol within 3 weeks, whereas in normal individuals, a high carbohydrate diet given for 10 days caused significant decreases in HDL cholesterol with concomitant increases in HDL triglycerides as compared to a high-fat diet. The HDL triglyceride fatty acid composition changed in healthy volunteers during the day, depending on the type of ingested fat. The data demonstrate the possibility of acute manipulations of HDL in normal patients and the difficulties of normalizing low HDL cholesterol levels in patients by dietary means. Additional information on the function of HDL is desirable before the therapeutic manipulation of HDL cholesterol or other constituents of HDL can be evaluated regarding their effectiveness in the prevention of ischemic vascular disease. PMID- 7242274 TI - alpha-Tocopherol and serum lipoproteins. AB - Twenty-six patients with clinically confirmed mammary dysplasia and five age matched controls were treated with alpha-tocopherol, 600 mg/day. Serum samples collected on the 21st day of the menstrual cycle were analyzed for cholesterol in lipoprotein fractions, isolated by a combination of precipitation and ultracentrifugation techniques. Eighty-five percent of patients showed objective and subjective remission from disease following therapy. In mammary dysplasia patients, the ratio of serum cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher than those in age-matched controls, an abnormality which was corrected by alpha-tocopherol therapy. Furthermore, as a result of therapy, high density lipoproteins increased and ester cholesterol associated with low density lipoproteins decreased. The results suggest that alpha-tocopherol may serve as an effective agent in treating patients with benign disease, as well as correct the inherent abnormality in serum cholesterol distribution in mammary dysplasia patients. PMID- 7242275 TI - Effects of feeding chenodeoxycholic acid on metabolism of cholesterol and bile acids in germ-free rats. AB - The aim of this investigation was to study the influence of chenodeoxycholic acid administration on cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in germ-free rats. Seven rats were fed a basal diet and 2 groups of 4 rats received the same diet supplemented with 0.4 and 1% chenodeoxycholic acid, respectively. After 6 weeks, feces were collected in one 3- and one 4-day pool for analysis of cholesterol and bile acids. When the sampling period was finished, the rats were killed and the liver microsomal fractions isolated. The activities of HMG CoA reductase and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase were determined, the 7 alpha-hydroxylase by a mass fragmentographic method. The 2 dominating bile acids in the untreated rats were cholic acid and beta-muricholic acid. During treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid, 60--70% of this bile acid was converted into alpha- and beta-muricholic acid, indicating a high activity of the 6 beta-hydroxylase. The excretion of cholic acid was almost completely inhibited and the 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity was decreased ca 75% in the rats fed 1% chenodeoxycholic acid. The activity of the hepatic HMG CoA reductase as unchanged. The fecal excretion of cholesterol increased 2--3 times. An accumulation of cholesterol was seen in the rats treated with 1% chenodeoxycholic acid, which was probably a result of the decreased catabolism of cholesterol to bile acids. PMID- 7242278 TI - [Treatment of stage IV malignant tumors of the maxilla]. PMID- 7242277 TI - Separation of the apoprotein components of human very low density lipoproteins by ion-paired, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A number of crude apolipoprotein samples isolated from human very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were analyzed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. The mobile phase consisted of a 1% solution of the polar ion pairing reagent triethylammonium phosphate. A slow, nonlinear gradient of acetonitrile (37--42%) was used to elute the apolipoproteins. The order of elution was as follows: apolipoprotein CX, apolipoprotein C-I, apolipoprotein C III2, apolipoprotein C-III1, apolipoprotein C-IIIQ and apolipoprotein C-II. This order is consistent with the known polarity of the proteins, i.e., the most nonpolar, apolipoprotein C-II, was the last to be eluted, whereas apolipoprotein C-I, with the lowest nonpolar surface area eluted first. The recovery of the individual apolipoproteins was 80--95% and the individual peaks were characterized by amino acid analysis, UV absorption spectra amd chromatography of pure protein standards. PMID- 7242280 TI - [Assessment of the absorbed dosages during patient irradiation]. PMID- 7242279 TI - [Biochemical blood serum indices after the combined effect of UHF hyperthermy and x-ray radiation on animal tumors]. PMID- 7242276 TI - Lipoproteins of fetal and newborn calves and adult steer: a study of developmental changes. PMID- 7242281 TI - [Effect of local hyperthermia and irradiation on animal tumors]. PMID- 7242282 TI - [Radioisotope and thermographic studies in the combined diagnosis of soft tissue tumors of the hand]. PMID- 7242283 TI - [Significance of lung scanning in the determination of the prognosis of destructive tuberculosis]. PMID- 7242285 TI - [Liver deformation and diaphragmatic relaxation]. PMID- 7242286 TI - [Patent information work up experience with the x-ray radiology research efforts of the Moscow X-Ray Radiology Research Institute in planning for the 11th Five Year Plan]. PMID- 7242284 TI - [Radioimmunological method of determining the myoglobin level]. PMID- 7242289 TI - The role of arthrography and arthroscopy in the acutely injured knee. PMID- 7242287 TI - [Method of neutron contact therapy using 252Cf sources]. PMID- 7242288 TI - Tax tips for doctors: travel expenses. PMID- 7242290 TI - When the widow weeps. PMID- 7242291 TI - Storer is fastest growing independent CATV operator. PMID- 7242293 TI - Acute interstitial pneumonitis and hypoxemia associated with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7242292 TI - The female athlete. PMID- 7242295 TI - Our favorite PETS: patient education time savers. PMID- 7242296 TI - [Typological classification of the family]. PMID- 7242297 TI - [The families of mental patients faced with the application of Law 180. Preliminary study]. PMID- 7242294 TI - The neurological complications of the pill. PMID- 7242298 TI - [Experiences in psychosomatic intervention within the hospital framework]. PMID- 7242301 TI - [Symptomatic treatment of ichtyosarcotoxic disease by associated dexamethasone, cobalamine and tiapride (author's transl)]. AB - Ciguatera is an ichtyosarcotoxic disease observed in South Pacific after consuming some species of fish. Common symptoms in benign forms are: asthenia, itching, subjective troubles of sensibility and digestive disorders. Rarer acute form lasts 2/6 days and then symptoms recede slowly. Symptoms might be reproduced if the same toxic fish is eaten again. A dinoflagellate seems responsible for this disease which has no specific treatment. The authors have added tiapride to dexamethasone and cobalamine, already used as symptomatic treatment. They report their experience and think that tiapride brought a noticeable improvement to the neurologic disorders. PMID- 7242299 TI - [Clinical hematological and biochemical pattern of three SN Baltimore hemoglobin carriers (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical, hematologic and biochemical study of three children, carriers of the double heterozygotous SN Baltimore hemoglobin from Guadeloupe, have not allowed to detect any typical anomaly and specially no sign of anemia or hemolysis. An iron deficiency of parasitologic origin has only been detected. This absence of pathological symptoms is related to the fact that SN red cells tend to sickle less rapidly than those from persons with sickle cell trait AS. PMID- 7242300 TI - [Mali children antipoliomyelitic immunity before and after two oral immunizations against poliomyelitis (author's transl)]. AB - In tropical areas transport and storage of living antipoliomyelitic vaccine are difficult and consequently it is considered as hazardous to get a correct immunity with this vaccine. Still, good results have been obtained in Mali children with Sabin vaccine. A previous virological survey has shown that 31 p. 100 of children below 3 years carry enterovirus which are, for 30 p. 100 of them, wild poliovirus. In a serological survey conducted during the same period, near 50 p. 100 of the children in that age group were seronegative for the 3 types of virus and 90 p. 100 of the children between 4 to 7 had neutralizing antibodies against type I, 88 p. 100 against type II and 67 p. 100 against type III. By doubling or trebling the immunizing dose at the first vaccination, the following results have been observed after the second vaccination: 86 p. 100 of the immunized children under 3 years had neutralizing antipoliomyelitic antibodies (titre 1/10) against type I and II and 64 p. 100 against type III, whereas, in the elder group (from 4 to 7) the conversion rate is 100 p. 100 for types I and II and 96 p. 100 for type III. PMID- 7242303 TI - [Child scabies in Nouvelle-Caledonie: its complications in general, and renal in particular (author's transl)]. AB - Child scabies in Nouvelle-Caledonie, is: -- frequent nowadays; -- sometimes difficult to diagnose because of secondary infection or eczematisation; -- most often of favorable evolution with a one-day treatment applied to both children and their close relatives; -- sometimes complicated by surinfection, either of staphylococcic origin with various but osseous foci or streptococcic with severe glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7242304 TI - [South American furunculoid myasis. (Report on a case) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on a case of Dermatobia hominis South American furunculoid myasis, observed in a patient back from French Guyana. Spontaneous expulsion was obtained in 72 hours by both local irrigation with xylocain 2 p. 100 and internal treatment with thiabendazol. PMID- 7242305 TI - [Previous history and principles of the development of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN)]. PMID- 7242302 TI - [Marburg, Lassa and Ebola viral hemorrhagic fevers (author's transl)]. AB - For each of these three fevers recently described, the authors report the history of their identification. The features of the three viruses, and the clinical aspects of the diseases they induce, are also indicated. The laboratory diagnosis is described. Practical indications are given for the transportation of the specimens to the only three high security laboratories in the world. The laboratory diagnosis is described. Some cautions are indicated handling and treating patients. It must be envisaged also to organize a four degrees quarantive cautions; compulsory for necropsies, burials, and occasionally for long distant transportations of patients are indicated. PMID- 7242306 TI - [Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of isosorbide nitrates in the awake dog]. PMID- 7242307 TI - [Comparison of isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide-5-mononitrate and sodium nitrite in isolated vascular preparations]. PMID- 7242309 TI - [Changes in the mechanical and electrophysiological properties of isolated blood vessels as a result of isosorbide-5-mononitrate. A comparison with the effect of other organic nitrates]. PMID- 7242308 TI - [Nitrite and methemoglobin formation in dogs following oral isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide-2-mononitrate and isosorbide-5-mononitrate]. PMID- 7242310 TI - [Pharmacokinetics, effect and tolerance of isosorbide dinitrate and isosorbide-5 mononitrate in healthy persons]. PMID- 7242311 TI - [Steady state kinetics of isosorbide-5-mononitrate in patients with coronary disease]. PMID- 7242312 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of isosorbide-5-mononitrate in patients with advanced renal failure]. PMID- 7242313 TI - [Comparison of the anti-angina effect and effect duration of isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide-2-mononitrate (IS-2-MN) and isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5 MN)]. PMID- 7242314 TI - [Effect of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) on left ventricular hemodynamics]. PMID- 7242316 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate at rest and during exertion in patients with serious angina pectoris]. PMID- 7242315 TI - [Hemodynamic changes at rest and during stress following isosorbide-5-mononitrate therapy in patients with coronary disease]. PMID- 7242317 TI - [Hemodynamic effect, effect duration and pharmacokinetics of 80 mg of isosorbide 5-mononitrate in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7242318 TI - [Comparative invasive examination of the effect of isosorbide-5-mononitrate and isosorbide dinitrate in chronic coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 7242319 TI - [The effect of IS-5-MN in coronary disease. Monocentric double-blind crossover comparison with ISDN retard and placebo]. PMID- 7242320 TI - Hypertension in pregnancy: clinical-pathological correlations and remote prognosis. PMID- 7242322 TI - Systemic rheumatoid vasculitis: a clinical and laboratory study of 50 cases. PMID- 7242323 TI - Carotid endarterectomy: a prospective study of its efficacy and safety. PMID- 7242321 TI - "End-stage" lupus nephritis: clinical course to and outcome on dialysis. Experience with 39 patients. PMID- 7242324 TI - Right-ear advantage and delayed recall. PMID- 7242325 TI - Representation of inflected signs from American sign language in short-term memory. PMID- 7242326 TI - The development of automatic word recognition and reading skill. PMID- 7242327 TI - Integrating new information with old knowledge. PMID- 7242328 TI - An investigation of the nature of abstract concepts. PMID- 7242329 TI - Feature frequency in concept learning: What is counted? PMID- 7242330 TI - The effects of search criteria and retrieval cue availability on memory for words. PMID- 7242331 TI - Depth of comprehension, effective elaboration, and memory for sentences. PMID- 7242332 TI - Algorithms and selective attention. PMID- 7242333 TI - Mental addition: a test of three verification models. PMID- 7242334 TI - Semantic congruity in symbolic comparisons: evidence against an expectancy hypothesis. PMID- 7242335 TI - Case specificity of the stimulus probability effect. PMID- 7242337 TI - College education for mentally retarded adults. PMID- 7242336 TI - Disruptive effects of prior information on tachistoscopic recognition. PMID- 7242338 TI - Patterns of care for mentally retarded persons. PMID- 7242339 TI - Training a work ethic in severely mentally retarded workers--providing a context for the maintenance of skill performance. PMID- 7242340 TI - Mentally retarded individuals as informants for the AAMD adaptive behavior scale. PMID- 7242341 TI - Social variables affecting mental health in geriatric mentally retarded individuals: an exploratory study. PMID- 7242342 TI - The fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7242343 TI - On "size" and the quality of residential care: a second look. PMID- 7242344 TI - Computer support and the clinical process: an automated behavioral rehabilitation system for mentally retarded persons. PMID- 7242345 TI - Management problems in community residential facilities. PMID- 7242346 TI - Validation of pass 3: a first step in service evaluation through environmental assessment. PMID- 7242347 TI - Posture training as a means of normalization. PMID- 7242348 TI - Community placement stability of behavior problem educable mentally retarded students. PMID- 7242349 TI - The new educable mentally retarded population: can they be mainstreamed? PMID- 7242351 TI - The effect of educable mental retardation descriptive information on regular classroom teachers' attributions and instructional prescriptions. PMID- 7242352 TI - The stabilization of adaptive behavior ratings for institutionalized clients in two settings. PMID- 7242350 TI - Parent consent and the practice of withholding treatment from the severely defective newborn. PMID- 7242353 TI - Time-out and the characteristics of mentally retarded institutionalized adults who do or do not receive it. PMID- 7242354 TI - A comparison of procedures for decreasing public disrobing of an institutionalized profoundly mentally retarded woman. PMID- 7242355 TI - Environmental variables related to community placement failure in mentally retarded adults. PMID- 7242356 TI - Structured normalization: intellectual and adaptive behavior changes in a residential setting. PMID- 7242357 TI - The less you've got the less you get: functional grouping, a cause for concern. PMID- 7242358 TI - Assessing skilled functioning of mentally retarded persons. PMID- 7242359 TI - The relationship between attention to work task and production rate of a mentally retarded client. PMID- 7242360 TI - A self-instructional social skills training program for mentally retarded persons. PMID- 7242361 TI - Teaching institutionalized mentally retarded adults socially appropriate leisure skills. PMID- 7242362 TI - Medical training and mentally retarded citizens: an enrichment program. PMID- 7242363 TI - Ethical issues arising from prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 7242364 TI - Tourette syndrome in mentally retarded children. PMID- 7242365 TI - Federal legislation and the integration of special education and vocational rehabilitation. PMID- 7242366 TI - Evaluating and training interdisciplinary teams in writing IPP goals and objectives. PMID- 7242367 TI - Deinstitutionalization as a crisis event for families of mentally retarded persons. PMID- 7242368 TI - A follow-up of severely and profoundly mentally retarded children after short term institutionalization. PMID- 7242369 TI - Human parathyroid adenoma adenylate cyclase: stimulation by histamine that is blocked by cimetidine. AB - Recent evidence suggests that the histamine receptor blocking agent cimetidine can decrease parathyroid hormone release from human parathyroids. To determine the mechanism for inhibition we examined the ability of histamine 1 X 10(-5) moles/liter to stimulate adenylate cyclase in a particulate membrane preparation from 13 human parathyroid glands. Histamine significantly increased adenylate cyclase activity as compared to control; however, the degree of stimulation was variable among the individual tissue samples. Enzyme stimulation was dose dependent over the concentration range of 1 X 10(-7) to 1 X 10(-4) moles/liter. Cimetidine at 1 X 10(-4) moles/liter completely abolished the histamine mediated increase in activity, but did not block the epinephrine-induced stimulation. The identification of an adenylate cyclase system in certain human parathyroid adenomas that is stimulated by histamine and blocked by cimetidine may offer a basis for the pharmacologic alteration of parathyroid hormone secretion. PMID- 7242370 TI - Disturbances of lactate metabolism in patients with liver damage due to paracetamol overdose. AB - Six patients with liver damage following paracetamol overdose, one patient with viral hepatitis and six control subjects were infused with sodium L(+) lactate. In controls the results were analysed using a single compartment model while in paracetamol patients a two compartment system was used to derive the fractional rate removal constant and lactate distribution volume. Forearm arterio-venous differences of lactate were also determined in order to assess the role of voluntary muscle in removal of a lactate load. In paracetamol patients with fractional rate removal constant was decreased to less than half the control value (P less than 0.001) while total distribution volume was similar to the two groups. Fasting lactate concentrations were significantly increased in paracetamol patients due to diminished lactate removal since the endogenous production rate of lactate was not significantly different from controls. A greater proportion of the lactate load was removed in voluntary muscle in paracetamol patients (39%) than controls (17%). Since the balance of lactate removal occurs principally in the liver, the decrease in the fractional rate removal constant in patients following paracetamol overdose indicates a severe derangement of hepatic lactate metabolism with a compensatory increase in lactate metabolism in voluntary muscle. PMID- 7242371 TI - Dopaminergic modulation of arginine mediated growth hormone and prolactin release in man. PMID- 7242372 TI - Interaction of thyroid status and diet on muscle protein breakdown in the rat, as measured by N tau-methylhistidine excretion. AB - The effects of thyroid status and of dietary protein and energy content on muscle protein breakdown have been compared in young rats, using urinary N tau methylhistidine (3-methylhistidine; 3-Mehis) output as a measure of myofibrillar protein breakdown. Recently, thyroidectomized young rats receiving an adequate diet grew slowly and showed a reduction in 3-Mehis output, relative to the weight of their leg muscles. When the thyroidectomized rats were given 2-5 microgram thyroxine (T4) per 100 g body weight, output of 3-Mehis increased, even when growth was prevented by feeding a diet low in protein. This demonstrates that thyroid-status affects muscle protein breakdown through a mechanism other than via a change in growth rate. In confirmation of previous studies, administration of a diet low in protein to young rats prevented growth and reduced output of 3 Mehis relative to leg muscle weight. The reduction in protein breakdown is not likely to be due to reduced thyroid function, since the diet low in protein increased plasma total triiodothyronine (T3) levels. Furthermore, thyroidectomized rats fed the low-protein diet also underwent a decrease in output of 3-Mehis. In contrast to protein deficiency, a moderate dietary energy deficiency allowed some growth to occur, and output of 3-Mehis, relative to muscle mass, was not depressed. Nevertheless, total T3 concentration in the plasma of these animals was considerably reduced, indicating once more that total circulating thyroid hormone levels are not the only determinants of muscle protein breakdown. Finally, reduced plasma total T3 levels occurred in energy deficient diets even in thyroidectomized rats receiving exogenous T4. This suggests that diet affects metabolism of the hormone independently of changes in secretory output from the thyroid gland. PMID- 7242373 TI - Effect of oral administration of lipids with 67% medium chain triglycerides on glucose homeostasis in preterm neonates. AB - Since hypoglycemic responses to medium chain triglycerides (MCT) have been reported in adults we studied the effect of an acute oral load of lipids (2,8 g/kg) with 67% MCT on glucose homeostasis in 21 preterm infants in comparison to 14 age-matched control preterm infants. A hyperglycemic response from (mean +/- SEM) 57 +/- 1.1 to 74 +/- 2.5 at 30 min (p less than 0.01) and to 80.5 +/- 2.5 mg/dl at 60 min (p less than 0.01) was observed after administration of the lipids whereas no change in plasma glucose concentration was observed in the control group. After administration of the lipids there was no change in the concentration of insulin and glucagon in plasma. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (1 g/kg) was similar in the control group and 60 min after administration of the lipids. After administration of the lipids free fatty acid concentration remained unchanged while a significant decrease from 304 +/- 56 to 199 +/- 28 muEq/l was observed in 60 min in the control group. At 60 min beta hydroxybutyrate concentration was higher after lipid administration (630 +/- 86 mumol/l) than in the control group (436 +/- 66 mumol/l) (p less than 0.05). A more rapid decrease in blood lactate concentration was found after lipid administration than in the control group while no change in plasma alanine concentration was observed in either groups. In five additional preterm infants, plasma glucose concentration increased from 56 +/- 0.6 to 75 +/- 0.9 mg/dl (p less than 0.01) 60 minutes after gastric administration of glycerol (0.3 g/kg). These data show that in preterm infants, a lipid load with 67% TCM produces a hyperglycemic response through gluconeogenesis without changing the peripheral rate of glucose disappearance. PMID- 7242374 TI - Power and sample size determination in survival time studies with special regard to the censoring mechanism. PMID- 7242375 TI - The role of hypothesis testing in clinical trials. PMID- 7242376 TI - "Hands on" computer tabulation of a cumulative case register. PMID- 7242377 TI - Formal and simulation models for a phlebotomy station service system. PMID- 7242378 TI - Manganese antagonizes the inhibitory effect of fluoride on the glucose metabolism of Streptococcus mutans. AB - Manganese stimulated the utilization of glucose by Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitior and Streptococcus milleri. S. mutans serotype c strains formed larger amounts of intracellular polysaccharide, lactic acid and produced a lower terminal pH in glucose broth when grown in the presence of 0.5 mM Mn. Manganese stimulated the utilization of glucose by resting cell suspensions of each of the four oral streptococcal species examined. Fluoride inhibited the utilization of glucose by the streptococci and Mn, but not calcium or magnesium, was found to counteract the inhibitory effect of fluoride. PMID- 7242379 TI - Organic growth factor requirements of some yeasts. AB - Some sporogenous yeasts (Brettanomyces bruxellensis, Debaryomyces hansenii, Hansenula ciferrii, Hansenula polymorpha, Pichia polymorpha, Saccharomycopsis guttulata, and Saccharomyces chevalieri), isolated from various fruits have been examined for their organic growth factor requisites. H. ciferrii was completely deficient in thiamine, biotin, inositol, riboflavin, niacin, and partially deficient in pantothenic acid. It required an external supply of 0.1-1.0 ppm thiamine, 0.01-0.1 ppm biotin, 10.0 ppm inositol, 0.10 ppm niacin and riboflavin for its optimum growth. H. polymorpha showed partial deficiency only in xanthine. P. polymorpha gave indications of partial deficiencies in thiamine and biotin. S. guttulata was completely deficient in biotin, and partially deficient in adenine sulphate. It required 0.01 ppm biotin for optimum growth. S chevalieri was completely deficient in pyridoxine and partially deficient in thiamine. It required 0.1 ppm pyridoxine for maximum growth. D. hansenii and B bruxellensis were auxoautotrophic for the various growth factors studied. PMID- 7242380 TI - Technical report. Hamster cheek pouch preparation for biomicroscopy: a new approach. PMID- 7242384 TI - An ultrastructural study of the transport pathways across arcuate, interlobar, hilar, and capsular lymphatics in the dog kidney. PMID- 7242382 TI - Morphological and morphometric characterization of platelet adhesion to the exposed subendothelium of the rabbit thoracic aorta in vivo. PMID- 7242383 TI - Arteriolar responses to changes in oxygen availability following single withdrawal hemorrhage. PMID- 7242381 TI - Micropuncture measurement of interstitial fluid pressure in rat subcutis and skeletal muscle: comparison to wick-in-needle technique. PMID- 7242385 TI - An additional source of error in microsphere measurement of regional blood flow. PMID- 7242386 TI - Use of rabbit ear chamber and strontium-90 source to study radiation pathology in vivo. PMID- 7242387 TI - Colloid osmotic pressure in interstitial fluid and lymph from rabbit subcutaneous tissue. PMID- 7242388 TI - Capillary pore rheology of erythrocytes. VI. The glass capillary array--effect of siliconization. PMID- 7242389 TI - [Autotrophic arsenic oxidation by a Pseudomonas arsenitoxidans culture]. AB - A microorganism oxidizing As(III) to As(V) was isolated from the water of a gold arsenic deposit; the process occurs under the autotrophic conditions. The microorganism is a motile Gram-negative rod with one flagellum. It does not assimilate organic carbon sources and grows in a mineral medium with 1.3 g of As(III) per litre and acidification of the medium from the pH 7.5-8 to 4.5. The source of nitrogen for the growth is ammonium salts, the source of phosphorous is KH2PO4. It can assimilate up to 41.2-41.7% of the carbon from carbonates as was shown using labeled carbon. The organism is capable of changing the crystal structure of arsenopyrite. In its physiologo-biochemical properties, the organism does not resemble any species described by Bergey (1975) and therefore referred to as Pseudomonas arsenitoxidans. PMID- 7242390 TI - [Biomass composition of thermotolerant yeasts of the genus Candida under elevated cultivation temperatures]. AB - The effect of growth temperature on the content of nucleic acids, the content and composition of protein, and the pool of free amino acids and lipids was studied under the conditions of chemostat cultivation of yeast strains at constant flow rates and pO2. The pool of free amino acids in all of the strains decreased with an increase in the temperature of growth. Changes in the content and composition of other cellular components depending on temperature were determined by individual characteristics of the strains. A linear relationship between the content of biomass components and the temperature of growth was found only in Candida scottii. The temperature of yeast cultivation may be used as a factor regulating the pool of free intracellular amino acids and the fatty acids composition of lipids. PMID- 7242391 TI - [Conditions for exopolysaccharide biosynthesis by Mycobacterium mucosum and its composition]. AB - Mycobacterium mucosum 32 synthesizes an extracellular heteropolysaccharide during its growth in media with different sources of carbon (sugar, polyatomic alcohols, n-alkenes) and nitrogen (nitrates, ammonium salts) within the pH range from 6 to 10. The yield of the polysaccharide depends on the cultural growth and on several factors of the medium. The monosaccharide composition of the glycan does not change depending on the conditions. It contains glucose, galactose, mannose and uronic acid. This exopolysaccharide is an individual compound which is not bound to proteins or lipids. PMID- 7242392 TI - [Ultrastructural organizational characteristics of the hydrogen thermophilic bacterium, Pseudomonas thermophila]. AB - The ultrastructural organization of the lithotrophic hydrogen bacterium Pseudomonas thermophila K2 was described for the first time and was found to be typical of Gram-negative bacteria. The ultrastructure of this organism is characterized by (i) irregular plication of the outer membrane of the cell wall and a very thin (2-3 nm) rigid layer; (ii) a considerable number of intracellular membranes differing in their structure and location; (iii) fragmentation of the cytoplasm involving the plasmalemma and the cell wall; (iv) the presence, in the nucleoid zone, of paracrystals having a hexagonal shape and resembling carboxysomes in their size, shape and macromolecular organization, which had not been found in hydrogen bacteria hitherto. PMID- 7242395 TI - Is death the end? PMID- 7242396 TI - Metabolic abnormalities in obesity. PMID- 7242393 TI - [Development of hydrogen bacteria on hard surfaces]. AB - A simple model system stimulating the physical conditions of hydrogen bacterial growth in soil and loose rocks was studied. Hydrogen bacterial cells grown under the autotrophic conditions were applied to the surface of coarse-grained silica gel, crushed brick and peat, and constantly supplied with a mixture of H2:O2:CO2 (7:2:1). It was shown that Nocardia opaca Z-766, when cultivated on well developed solid surfaces with a small quantity of mineral medium, produced an active bacterial film at the whole surface and was capable of oxidizing hydrogen over 100 days. The rate of gas consumption had a maximum and then sharply decreased to a level of one-third--one-fifth of the maximal rate. The same was true of Pseudomonas carboxydoflava Z-352 and Nocardia autotrophica Z-1046; apparently, this is a common characteristic of all organisms growing on solid surfaces and fed with gases. The results suggest that microorganisms oxidizing hydrogen can grow on solid surfaces for a long period of time, serving as a bacterial filter which effectively removes a gaseous substrate. PMID- 7242394 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the Bdellovibrio strains isolated from river water and sewage]. AB - The morphology, the host ranges, the resistance to pteridine and the nucleotide composition of DNA were compared in 12 newly isolated and 10 collection strains of Bdellovibrio. The significance of properties used for the taxonomy of these organisms was evaluated. The host ranges of Bdellovibrio strains are heterogeneous with respect to the taxonomy of host bacteria. The specificity of the parasite depends to a significant degree on the host bacterium in which it grows. All the strains including Bd. starrii which was described earlier as a pteridine resistant species are sensitive to pteridine. Therefore, such properties as the host range action and the response to pteridine cannot be used for diagnostics of Bdellovibrio species. The strains were found to be very heterogeneous with regard to the nucleotide composition of the DNA. Eight out of the 12 newly isolated strains were assigned to the species Bd, bacteriovorus. PMID- 7242397 TI - Pain. 3. Psychological aspects. PMID- 7242398 TI - Occurrence of breast cancer in Australian women. AB - No data are available on the incidence of breast cancer for the whole of Australia. Review of published incidence data from 1972 to 1978 from New South Wales, South Australia, and Tasmania shows that the incidence of breast cancer in women aged 25 years and over ranged between 97.8/100 000 and 106.5/100 000 of these women. These rates are similar to those in other countries with high rates. Comparison of mortality rates in Australian States between 1968 and 1978 for women aged 25 years and over showed rates from 28.3/100 000 in Victoria and 44.1/100 000 in the Australian Capital Territory. The rates for Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory were significantly higher than those in the other States. Trends in mortality in Australia for women aged 25 years and over were studied in the period from 1907 to 1977. Initially, the mortality rate was 28.5/100 000 and increased to reach a peak of 41.5/100 000 in 1940-1944. Thereafter, rates fell to 37.1/100 000 in 1960-1964, but have begun to rise again since 1970. The 1940-1944 peak was largely confined to women over the age of 50 years, and further analysis of the age-specific mortality rates showed the peak to be cross-sectional in type (that is, affecting each age group in the same calendar period). The rise after 1970 occurred mainly in women aged between 30 and 44 years and 60 and 79 years. PMID- 7242399 TI - Parents' reactions to unrestricted parental contact with infants in the intensive care nursery. AB - In order to determine parental attitudes and reactions to a policy in which the quality and quantity of parental contact with their preterm or critically-ill infants in the intensive care nursery were determined by the parents, 20 parental pairs were studied regarding their pattern of involvement with their infants, the emotional stress which they experienced, and their responses to the nursery environment during the first fortnight after their infants' birth. This study demonstrated that early and extended parent-infant contact was possible for infants admitted to the intensive care nursery. Both parents chose to maintain a high level of involvement with their infants despite the associated anxiety and anticipatory grief experienced during this period. All felt more reassured with repeated visits, and most believed their infants also felt more loved and secure with the increased contact. The majority would have been opposed to restricted visiting hours and restricted contact with their infants. An open visiting policy and an organized parental-care programme is an important component of neonatal intensive care, since every preterm or critically-ill infant has a family whose psychosocial needs must be recognized and supported. PMID- 7242400 TI - Internal jugular vein malposition of subclavian catheters. Prevention and detection. AB - A prospective analysis of 110 consecutive right-sided infraclavicular subclavian catheterizations in 102 patients is presented. Alternate patients were assigned into one of two groups (55 patients in each), to assess the value of ipsilateral head turning and supraclavicular pressure in preventing internal jugular vein (IJV) malposition of the catheter tip. Two malpositions occurred in the trial group (3.6%) and five occurred in the control group (9.1%). Although the manoeuvre reduced the incidence of malposition, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.22). A further 100 infraclavicular catheterizations were analysed to assess a new auscultatory test to predict IJV malposition of subclavian catheters. The test led to accurate prediction of all six malpositions. There were no false negative findings, but one false positive prediction was made. Results of this study suggest that the routine use of head turning may not prevent IJV malposition. However, the auscultatory test accurately predicts this malposition, and its routine use after subclavian catheterization is recommended. PMID- 7242401 TI - Medical manpower in South Australia with special reference to general practitioners. AB - A survey of general-practitioner and total medical manpower in South Australia has been made through the AMA local associations. This reveals that a sizeable increase in medical manpower, particularly for general practitioners, is likely in the coming decade. Immediate attention is warranted to find solutions to problems which can be expected to arise from a possible oversupply of doctors. The solutions will need to be acceptable to universities, governments, the AMA and the Australian people. PMID- 7242402 TI - Fallibility of postal questionnaire follow-up for detection of hypothyroidism after iodine-131 therapy. AB - Four hundred and twelve patients who received radioactive iodine for thyrotoxicosis were followed up for periods from one to three years by postal questionnaire. Hypothyroidism was detected in only three instances, and, despite intensive efforts to trace subjects, 41% of them were lost to follow-up because of either failure to participate or change of address over three years. It is apparent that a postal questionnaire is an unsatisfactory method for following up a Melbourne inner-suburban population over a prolonged period. PMID- 7242403 TI - Patient information labelling. Recent developments. PMID- 7242404 TI - Spa pool injuries. PMID- 7242405 TI - Sudden death in asthma. PMID- 7242407 TI - Burning feet syndrome. PMID- 7242406 TI - Sarcoidosis per endoscopy. PMID- 7242408 TI - Diabetes in China. PMID- 7242409 TI - Cimetidine and cancer. PMID- 7242410 TI - Are melanomas hormone-dependent? PMID- 7242412 TI - Management of hydrocephalus in children. PMID- 7242411 TI - Effective management of penetrating eye injuries in remote Australia. AB - In the transportation of patients with penetrating eye injuries, vomiting, hypoxia and infection are the main causes of serious ocular complications, and efforts must be directed at minimizing their occurrence. As long as definitive microsurgical repair is undertaken within 24 hours of injury, an optimal surgical result can be expected. In this paper full directions are given for the patient's immediate treatment. Accent is placed on careful and considered transportation. PMID- 7242413 TI - Naproxen-aspirin combination in suppression of the inflammatory response to an empyema. PMID- 7242414 TI - Maintenance dialysis of patients infected with hepatitis B virus. AB - Haemodialysis of patients who were acutely or chronically infected with hepatitis B virus has been undertaken at Fairfield Hospital for Communicable Diseases for the past 10 years. Over this period, only one staff member has shown serological evidence of infection. The procedures taken to prevent the spread of infection, and the results of an ongoing serological survey of all persons associated with the haemodialysis unit are presented. PMID- 7242415 TI - Magnesium deficiency. Role in arrhythmias complicating acute myocardial infarction? AB - Magnesium deficiency is likely to occur in certain patients prone to developing acute myocardial infarction, such as hypertensive patients being treated with diuretics, alcoholics, diabetics and patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy taking diuretics and digitalis. Magnesium deficiency commonly accompanies potassium deficiency, can also cause it, and can prevent correction of potassium deficiency if potassium supplements alone are used. The results of analysis of plasma magnesium and potassium levels in 25 patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction are presented. Three patients were hypomagnesaemic and all exhibited serious ventricular arrhythmias (two patients exhibited early ventricular fibrillation and the third exhibited ventricular trigeminy and multifocal ventricular ectopy). Two of the three hypomagnesaemic patients were hypokalaemic. Two other patients in the series exhibited ventricular tachycardia and both were hypokalaemic. Magnesium therapy should be considered in hypokalaemic patients during the early stages of acute myocardial infarction, as the body distribution kinetics of magnesium and potassium are interlinked and magnesium deficiency may be the crucial factor in hypokalaemia-associated arrhythmias. In addition, consideration should be given to magnesium supplementation in patients prone to acute myocardial infarction if there is a likelihood of magnesium deficiency developing, as magnesium-deficient patients may be more susceptible to developing potentially fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmias during the early stages of infarction. PMID- 7242416 TI - Use of lignocaine and atropine autoinjectors for patients at high risk of sudden death and reinfarction after myocardial infarction. AB - Twenty-five patients entered a prospective study to assess the usefulness of atropine and lignocaine autoinjectors for coronary events after discharge from hospital after a definite, complicated myocardial infarction. They were selected on the basis of being at high risk of sudden death and reinfarction, being less than 70 years of age and being able to maintain a close liaison with the hospital. One or both autoinjectors were used for five reported events (four of collapse, one of chest pain) in four patients, with possible benefit in two instances. Six patients collapsed and died, despite the use of autoinjectors in three of their fatal collapses. In our experience, the use of autoinjectors has been of little observable benefit, perhaps due to the lack of specific warning symptoms preceding the onset of lethal arrhythmias, so that the injectors were often used for unobserved collapses when the chances of survival were remote. PMID- 7242417 TI - Mycobacterial infections in immunosuppressed patients. AB - A brief account of the laboratory diagnosis of mycobacterial infections in 13 immunosuppressed patients, which were observed between 1967 and 1979 at one group of hospitals is presented. In nine patients, the infection was caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; of the "atypical" mycobacteria, M. fortuitum, M. haemophilum, M. kansasii and M. scrofulaceum (serotype Lunning) each caused one infection. These findings suggest that immunosuppressed patients are at risk of tuberculosis, despite the low incidence of the disease in Australia at the present time. PMID- 7242418 TI - Minimal dose combined hormonal replacement therapy for menopausal women. AB - The problem of managing postmenopausal women with hormonal replacement therapy is reviewed. A case is clearly made for using progestogen in every instance when women receive oestrogen in the menopause. By this means the incidence of carcinoma is reduced to at least the rate found in non-treated patients and perhaps even lower. The biochemical changes leading to this reduction are summarized, and a suggestion is made regarding the optimal dosage of progestogen. This paper presents evidence to suggest that minimal doses of progestogen given for at least ten days in each month will protect endometrial target cells. PMID- 7242420 TI - Cancer of the pancreas. Factors affecting survival. AB - Mean survival after diagnosis in 73 patients with cancer of the pancreas was 7.2 months. Mean survival was 8.7 months for patients who presented with obstructive jaundice, and 4.5 months for those who presented without jaundice, 8.2 months for patients with a head of pancreas tumour, 6.3 months for patients with the head and body tumour, and 5.0 months for those with the tumor in the body and tail of pancreas. Mean survival was 13.3 months for patients with a mobile, non metastatic growth and 4.7 months when the cancer was fixed, or metastatic. Appropriate biliary and gastrointestinal bypass can prolong survival, as can radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy, while it is uncertain whether radical surgery prolongs survival. Uniform clinical and operative staging of pancreas cancer is desirable to learn about its natural history, and about the effects on survival of the various treatment modalities. PMID- 7242421 TI - Aeromonas hydrophila bacteraemia in haematological patients. PMID- 7242419 TI - Hallucinogenic drug induced vasculitis. AB - A case of malignant hypertension in a 20-year-old man who self-administered various hallucinogenic drugs is described. Renal angiography showed arteritic changes with aneurysms in renal vessels and focal renal cortical infarction. A dramatic response in terms of resolution of arteritis occurred with prednisone therapy. The impressive use of minoxidil and labetalol in the initial control of the hypertension is also demonstrated. PMID- 7242422 TI - Intracranial complications of sphenoidal sinus inflammation. AB - A young man who presented with bacterial meningitis and visual disturbance developed a left sixth nerve palsy due to an isolated sphenoidal sinus inflammation caused by Corynebacterium haemolyticum. Sphenoidal sinusitis and intracranial infection by C. haemolyticum are uncommon complications. PMID- 7242424 TI - Management of hydrocephalus in children. PMID- 7242423 TI - Drug-taking patterns of health care students in Brisbane. PMID- 7242425 TI - Pilonidal surgery. PMID- 7242427 TI - Stroke rehabilitation. PMID- 7242426 TI - Lithium nephrotoxicity. PMID- 7242428 TI - Intraocular lenses. PMID- 7242429 TI - Lymphangitis carcinomatosa. PMID- 7242433 TI - [Taboo zones in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7242430 TI - Psychologists and psychiatrists. PMID- 7242432 TI - Campylobacter jejuni carriers in Australian aboriginal communities. PMID- 7242431 TI - Circumcision. PMID- 7242434 TI - [Physical exercise capacity following heart valve surgery]. PMID- 7242435 TI - [Treatment of stomach ulcer hemorrhage]. PMID- 7242436 TI - [Lipopolysaccharides and lipid A. I. Humoral effect]. PMID- 7242437 TI - [The determination of ionized calcium using the NOVA-2 analyzer in the clinical laboratory]. PMID- 7242438 TI - [Hyperlactemia and lactic acidosis. Pathogenesis and diagnostic significance]. PMID- 7242439 TI - Neurogenic and humoral mechanisms in arterial hypertension of chronically lead exposed rats. PMID- 7242440 TI - [Criteria for evaluation of noxious chemical agents. Research in the clothing industry]. PMID- 7242441 TI - [Stress and coronary heart disease. A critical review of the current literature with special reference to occupational stress]. PMID- 7242446 TI - Combined effects of cigarette smoking and occupational air pollution in welding environment. PMID- 7242442 TI - Chromium concentration and histological study in the nasal mucosa of chromium refinery workers. PMID- 7242444 TI - Exposure to chrysotile asbestos in friction materials industry. PMID- 7242445 TI - [Effects of prolonged exposure to carbon disulfide on myocardial contractile efficiency]. PMID- 7242443 TI - [Behavior of urinary hippuric acid in non-occupationally exposed subjects and in workers with moderate exposure to toluene]. PMID- 7242447 TI - [Recommendations on the subject of medical surveillance for risk from non ionizing electromagnetic radiation. 1. Radiofrequencies and microwaves (300 kHz+300 GHz)]. PMID- 7242448 TI - [Recommendations on the subject of medical surveillance for risk from non ionizing electromagnetic radiation. 2. Laser regulation]. PMID- 7242449 TI - [Long-term results of polyneuropathies from industrial glues. Clinical electromyographic observation of 10 cases]. PMID- 7242450 TI - [Comparative study of methods for measurements of erythrocyte aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity]. PMID- 7242451 TI - [Farmer's lung - description of 17 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242452 TI - [Further experience with a new method for risk evaluation in work postures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242453 TI - [Neoplasms of the nasal fossae and paranasal sinuses and occupational exposure to wood dust: case histories in the ENT hospital departments in the Province of Verona]. PMID- 7242454 TI - [Occupational bronchopulmonary disease due to glass fibres. Clinical observations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242456 TI - [Specific therapy in poisonings]. PMID- 7242455 TI - [Skin changes from taking hormonal contraceptives]. PMID- 7242458 TI - Treatment of malignant pleural and pericardial effusions. PMID- 7242457 TI - Antimicrobial prophylaxis and treatment in patients with granulocytopenia. PMID- 7242460 TI - Aspirin products. PMID- 7242459 TI - Exertional heat injury. PMID- 7242461 TI - A prospective study of histocompatible leukocyte and platelet transfusions during induction chemotherapy of adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - A prospective clinical trial was conducted to test the effectiveness of granulocyte transfusions during induction chemotherapy of patients with adult acute non-lymphocyte leukemia. Thirty-eight patients who received prophylactic granulocyte transfusions from related donors when their phagocyte counts decreased to less than 1000 microliter were compared to twenty-five controls who did not have qualified donors from which to obtain granulocyte transfusions. The frequency of complete remissions (CR) (28/38 versus 7/25) was significantly greater for the granulocyte transfusion group than for controls. Patients older than 45 responded more often in the transfused group (P less than 0.025) when compared to the similar age group in controls. Both duration of complete remission and survival were greater in the granulocyte transfused group. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Survival for all responders (complete plus partial remission) was longer for the granulocyte transfusion group (P = 0.01). No significant difference in frequency or severity of either infection or hemorrhage was noted in the two groups. The advantage noted in this study largely occurred in patients older than 45 and this suggests that this age group is more likely to respond if they have histocompatible donors from which to obtain granulocyte and platelet transfusions. Immune mechanisms may be involved in the beneficial effects observed with HLA compatible granulocyte transfusions. PMID- 7242463 TI - Hodgkin disease as the terminal malignancy in Richter syndrome. AB - A case of Richter syndrome in which autopsy revealed typical infiltrates of Hodgkin disease, including Reed-Sternberg cells, is reported. Previous reports of this association have met with skepticism. Clinical findings in patients with Hodgkin infiltrates do not differ from those with histiocytic lymphoma, except for the more frequent occurrence of a declining lymphocyte count. The present case is further evidence that Hodgkin disease does occur as a terminal malignancy in Richter syndrome. PMID- 7242462 TI - Intraperitoneal infusion of doxorubicin in the treatment of gynecologic carcinomas. AB - Intraperitoneally administered doxorubicin yields high local concentrations that are expected to deliver higher doses to clinically important peritoneal and lymphatic metastatic sites. Two infusions of 20 mg and 30 mg in a patient with residual microscopic intraperitoneal ovarian cancer eradicated her disease. Quantification of serum doxorubicin by HPLC revealed significant levels of the drug and its major metabolite lasting 72 hours. A 50-mg infusion induced complete remission in endometrial carcinoma; the patient died in 6 months without evidence of abdominal tumor. Complications due to subcutaneous infiltration of doxorubicin and possible systemic effects of sustained high levels of the drug need further investigation to enable the full exploitation of this modality. PMID- 7242464 TI - Sick sinus syndrome with seroconstrictive pericarditis in malignant lymphoma involving the heart: a case report. AB - A case of the sick sinus syndrome and constrictive pericarditis with effusion (seroconstrictive pericarditis) as manifestations of lymphomatous involvement of the heart is presented. Autopsy findings documented infiltration of the sinus node by undifferentiated malignant lymphoma cells. The clinical course is described and problems with diagnosis and management of such a complication are discussed. This is one of the few cases in the literature in which an uncommon cause of conduction system disease and pericardial constriction was substantiated by electrocardiogram, angiography, and autopsy. PMID- 7242465 TI - Lung abscesses following corticosteroid therapy for central nervous system metastases. AB - Although the occurrence of lung abscesses has decreased among the general population since the advent of antibiotics, a specific subgroup of cancer patients has demonstrated a propensity for this complication. Four patients with lung cancer, receiving corticosteroid therapy for brain metastases, developed large lung abscesses. These patients represent 12% of the 33 patients with central nervous system metastases seen in this institution over the period of one year. Physicians should be alert to this possible complication of corticosteroid therapy in patients with lung cancer. PMID- 7242466 TI - Disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii presenting with skin lesions in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - A patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia developed skin lesions from which Mycobacterium kansasii was cultured. The organism was also recovered from sputum cultures. Twenty-three additional cases of disseminated M kansasii infection are reviewed. This disease tends to occur in patients with altered immune response, and atypical histology of tissue specimens may delay diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7242467 TI - Radionuclide scanning in children with rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - Radionuclide scintigraphy was performed in 46 children with rhabdomyosarcoma. Of the 63 radiologically confirmed sites of bone disease, 76% were detected by 99mTc labeled phosphate uptake. All 15 sites of hepatic involvement and eight of the nine cranial sites of disease exhibited isotope accumulation. Gallium 67 scans showed 57% of the 43 proven sites of disease, including four previously unsuspected areas. Twelve false-positive sites were obtained with gallium. Radionuclide scanning is a valuable aid in the diagnostic evaluation and management of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. PMID- 7242468 TI - [Intensive neonatal care and prognosis of low birth weight infants. II. Disabling neurological sequelae]. PMID- 7242469 TI - [Crouzon's disease. Apropos of 12 cases at the Pediatric Clinic of the University of Genoa]. PMID- 7242471 TI - [Pulmonary perfusion in children operated on for congenital diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 7242470 TI - [Neuropsychological aspects of congenital hemiparesis. Case studies]. PMID- 7242472 TI - [Gluten intolerance: zonal or extensive disease of the ileal tract? Histological study of 6 infants]. PMID- 7242473 TI - [Grisel's syndrome in childhood]. PMID- 7242474 TI - [Questionable aspects of the use of nalidixic acid]. PMID- 7242475 TI - [The viral etiology of some chronic neurologic diseases in childhood]. PMID- 7242476 TI - [Immunological studies of the relation between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and bronchiolitis]. PMID- 7242477 TI - [Neurological pathology in the newborn infant caused by congenital hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7242479 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis in a 4-month-old girl, cured with antibiotic and autovaccine therapy]. PMID- 7242478 TI - [Auxological aspects of mental deficiency]. PMID- 7242480 TI - [Possible role of a pediatrician, introduced into collegiate organizations and in a School Medicine Study Commission of a teaching group, in an experimental preventive pediatrics and health education undertaking]. PMID- 7242481 TI - [Rhizomelic type of chondrodysplasia punctata in 2 sisters. Evidence for hereditary transmission of a recessive autosomic type]. PMID- 7242482 TI - [Acute hemorrhagic edema in infants. Case report]. PMID- 7242483 TI - [Malformative syndrome caused by amniotic bands]. PMID- 7242484 TI - [Seroconversion by Legionella pneumophila serogroup I in a child. 1st report in Italy]. PMID- 7242485 TI - [Gastrinemia and gastric acid secretion during the first 5 days of life]. PMID- 7242487 TI - [Atypical cutaneous manifestations in a case of Schonlein-Henoch syndrome]. PMID- 7242486 TI - [GH, prolactin and microangiopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes]. PMID- 7242488 TI - [Age determination by bone using the Roche method]. PMID- 7242489 TI - [Persistence of the primitive trigeminal artery in the developmental age. Clinico angiographic study]. PMID- 7242490 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolism disorders and retinal changes in childhood]. PMID- 7242491 TI - [Circumscribed (traumatic) myositis ossificans. Treatment with diphosphonate]. PMID- 7242492 TI - [Epididymitis in childhood]. PMID- 7242493 TI - [Clinical study of the properties of Bisolvon in the therapy of respiratory diseases in children]. PMID- 7242494 TI - [Sports and the developmental age]. PMID- 7242496 TI - [Hypernatremia caused by incorrect preparation of glucose-saline solution]. PMID- 7242495 TI - [Relation between changes in platelet count and acute articular rheumatism, with special reference to cardiac complications]. PMID- 7242497 TI - [The so-called hormonal diarrheas]. PMID- 7242500 TI - [A case of parathyroid hemorrhage with fetal evolution]. PMID- 7242498 TI - [Indications of the neonatologist concerning systolic and diastolic arterial pressure in the first 4 days of life. A study of 1265 newborn infants]. PMID- 7242499 TI - [Clinical findings during a 3-year experience in screening newborn infants for congenital hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7242501 TI - [Turner's syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases associated with growth hormone deficiency]. PMID- 7242502 TI - [Aminoacidemia and aminoaciduria in primary and secondary cystinuria]. PMID- 7242504 TI - [Treatment of priapism with the creation of a glandocavernosum fistula]. PMID- 7242503 TI - [Diagnostic protocol in the neurourological bladder in patients with myelodysplasia]. PMID- 7242505 TI - [Treatment of a case of priapism with the technic of external drainage of the corpora cavernosa]. PMID- 7242506 TI - [Use of amikacin in renal pathology]. PMID- 7242508 TI - [Urodynamic studies of female urinary incontinence. Personal experience]. PMID- 7242507 TI - [Pre-isthmic vena cava and retro-isthmic aorta in horseshoe kidney with papilloma of the kidney pelvis]. PMID- 7242509 TI - [Closed trauma of the lumbar ureter in children]. PMID- 7242510 TI - [Renal cystadenoma in infancy]. PMID- 7242511 TI - [Bacteriological and epidemiological correlations between urinary pathogenic flora, surgical infections and environmental polluting flora in a surgical department]. PMID- 7242512 TI - Moh's chemosurgery -- a highly effective and reliable method of treatment for skin cancer. PMID- 7242513 TI - Spontaneous atheromatous embolization--emphasis on the pitfalls of diagnosis. PMID- 7242514 TI - Predictors of coronary artery disease from exercise stress testing. PMID- 7242515 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the kidney following renal artery revascularization. PMID- 7242516 TI - Hospice home care. PMID- 7242518 TI - Urgent and emergent care of the alcoholic. PMID- 7242517 TI - Arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7242519 TI - The Bush Clinical Fellow Program--a new approach to improving rural health care through physician career development. PMID- 7242520 TI - Topical corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 7242521 TI - Brown recluse spider bites: can they be prevented? PMID- 7242522 TI - Alcoholic ketoacidosis. PMID- 7242523 TI - Effect of Missouri high risk maternity and child care program on perinatal mortality. PMID- 7242524 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 7242525 TI - Preproceruloplasmin is a primary product of cell-free translation of ceruloplasmin messenger RNA. AB - Biosynthesis of ceruloplasmin was studied in wheat germ extract programmed with polysomal RNA from rat liver. Optimal potassium concentration for the total protein-synthesizing activity and for the synthesis of immunoreactive ceruloplasmin was 96 and 186 mM respectively. 7-methylguanosine 5'-monophosphate caused two-fold inhibition of the cell-free synthesis of ceruloplasmin. Immunoprecipitated ceruloplasmin that was synthesized at optimal potassium concentration was a homogeneous polypeptide of a molecular weight about 84 kD. The addition of membrane fractions from rat liver to the incubation mixture caused the conversion of the 84 kD polypeptide into 80 kD and 65 kD polypeptides that are similar to proceruloplasmins synthesized in rat liver during in vivo pulse labelling. The suggestion is made that 84 kD polypeptide is a primary product of the translation of ceruloplasmin mRNA (preproceruloplasmin). PMID- 7242526 TI - Highly purified ceruloplasmin messenger RNA from rat liver. Physico-chemical and functional characteristics. AB - Highly purified ceruloplasmin mRNA was isolated from rat liver polyribosomes. The molecular weight of ceruloplasmin mRNA is in a range from 1.05 to 1.25 . 10(6) daltons which is large enough to code for a putative precursor of ceruloplasmin (approximately 700 amino acid acids). Ceruloplasmin mRNA contains 3'-terminal poly(A) the length of which varies from 38 to 165 nucleotides. The 5'-end of ceruloplasmin mRNA is blocked with confronting m7G residue which is a component of cap I (m7G5'ppp5'XmpAp). The addition of ceruloplasmin mRNA to wheat-germ cell free system programmed the synthesis of a product that was largely precipitated by anti-ceruloplasmin immunoglobulins. The translation product was homogeneous in polyacrylamide gel-sodium dodecylsulfate electrophoresis. Cell-free translation of ceruloplasmin mRNA was sensitive to inhibition by cap analogue. PMID- 7242527 TI - Association of triiodothyronine binding activity to soluble adenylate cyclase in testicular preparations. AB - Cytosolic adenylate cyclase activity from rat seminiferous tubules was purified by chromtography in DEAE-cellulose, hydroxylapatite and Bio-Gel A-0.5 m as well as by centrifugation in sucrose gradients. In all these purification steps, fractions with adenylate cyclase activity also contained binding activity for L T3. Binding studies indicate the existence of two L-T3 receptor components associated to adenylate cyclase activity. The component exhibiting the highest hormone affinity has the lowest binding capacity. PMID- 7242528 TI - Protein synthesis with membrane-bound polysomes and albumin messenger RNA from livers of mutant mice. AB - Investigation of deficiencies in serum protein synthesis resulting from deletion mutations at the albino locus in mice was continued using in vitro conditions. Previous work showed that although total protein synthesis was only slightly lower in livers from albinos, newly synthesized protein appearing in plasma was 22% of that in controls. It was thought that the disorganized endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, characteristic for the liver (and kidney) of these mutants, might be responsible for the observed deficiencies. In the present study membrane-bound polysomes isolated from the livers of newborn albinos were 55% (c3H/c3H strain) and 62% (c14CoS strain) as efficient as those from normal littermates in incorporating radioactive leucine into protein in a cell-free system. These differences could not be eliminated by the addition of excess liver mRNA, exogenous soluble factors or by the exchange of cell sap between albino and control polysomes. In an earlier study albino liver slices synthesized only 13% (or 17% per mg of total protein synthesized) as much albumin as controls. We have now found that the level of albumin poly(A)+-RNA isolated from albino livers assayed with a reticulocyte lysate, was almost as high (85%) as in controls. It was concluded that the very low level of albumin in albino livers did not result from a deficiency of albumin mRNA. Whether the rate-limiting step in synthesis of albumin in mutant livers is at the level of translation or processing for secretion requires further investigation. PMID- 7242530 TI - [The mechanism of Carcinogenesis: a "promotor hypothesis"]. AB - In 1969 the author proposed a hypothesis according to which neoplastic transformation was a result of appearance of promoter sequences belonging to integrated viral genome before certain cellular genes between the structural gene and its regulatory region [1, 2]. In the present paper the data accumulated during the passed time are discussed. In some cases the postulated mechanism for the initiation of oncogenic transformation really takes place. Further development of the "promoter hypothesis" is presented, in particular its application to a non-viral carcinogenesis. PMID- 7242531 TI - [Theory of charge transfer enzymatic reactions]. AB - The influence on the elementary act energy of the change in the energies of reactants solvation and their coulombic interaction due to the transfer of reaction from the aqueous to nonaqueous medium of low dielectric permittivity, particularly the enzyme globule, has been considered. A quantitative calculation of the energies has been carried out for the isotropic dielectric model taking into account the distance of reacting particles from the aqueous/nonaqueous interface. It has been shown that the transfer of the reaction into protein globule leads to a large energy gain and hence accelerates the reaction considerably. This is true in the case when the absolute charge of reactants decreases in the course of the reaction for both particles or for one of them situated further from the interface. PMID- 7242532 TI - [Aggregation of poly-L-proline in aqueous solution]. AB - Infrared spectra were measured for both aqueous (D2O) solution and the solid state of form II poly-L-proline in the amide I region as a function of the temperature. The temperature range includes the region where a precipitation is known to occur. From the analysis of spectra of hydrated films and aqueous solutions at different temperatures one can see that there are some peptide C = O groups which are bounded with water. From this study it has been concluded that poly-L-proline exists in aggregate form even at temperatures lower that required for precipitation. It is supposed that poly-L-proline forms the aggregates including at least 40--50 polypeptide chains with hexagonal packing. At heating crystallisation of such aggregates occurred and it causes precipitation of poly-L proline II. PMID- 7242529 TI - Cobra venom phospholipase A2: a review of its action toward lipid/water interfaces. AB - This review focuses on the mechanism of action of phospholipase A2 from cobra venom (Naja naja naja) toward the lipid/water interface. Particular points of interest include dramatic changes in the enzyme activity if the physical state of its substrate is altered and the activation of the enzyme by phosphorylcholine containing lipids. The experimental findings include the following: Micellar substrates are hydrolyzed faster by the enzyme than various bilayer forms of substrate aggregation. The activity of the enzyme toward short chain phospholipids increases suddenly above their critical micelle concentrations. An abrupt change in susceptibility to the enzyme is observed at the thermotropic phase transition of phospholipid vesicles. The enzyme shows the kinetic phenomena of surface dilution and activation by certain lipids, which suggest a two-step mechanism of action. A model is discussed which accommodates the present data both for the action of this enzyme at various lipid/water interfaces as well as its interaction with synthetic monomeric ligands and substrates. PMID- 7242535 TI - [Spectral properties and structure of bacteriopheophytin a dimer]. AB - In alcohol-glycerol solutions of bacteriopheophytin alpha takes place dimer formation with a long wave absorption band at 857 nm, the dimerization constant enhances with glycerol content increasing in solution. The measurement of absorption, fluorescence and CD spectra allowed to characterize the main electronic transitions (Qy, Qx, Bxy) of the dimer. For the first electronic transition (Qy) of the dimer as compared to the monomer the same oscillator strength, spectral bands narrowing of splitting components and significant increase of rotation strength in CD spectrum were found. The structural model of bacteriopheophytin a dimer is suggested on the basis of the data obtained. Coincidence of the values of the long wave shift and exitonic splitting of Qy transition for the dimer investigated and antennae bacteriochlorophylls shows that the appearance of these properties does not require pigment protein interaction. Significant (20--30 times) exceeding of the rotation strength of Qy transition of the bacteriopheophytin dimer as compared ato the antennae complex pigments can indicate the absence of this dimer in intact structures. PMID- 7242533 TI - [Method for calculation of low-energy conformations of alpha-helical pairs of globular proteins]. AB - The computer model of folding of two alpha-helices of globular proteins was developed. The radicals of amino acids were approximated by spheres with centers located in C beta-atoms. The functional of energy took into account the hydrophobic interactions of alpha-helices, electrostatic contacts of charged and polar side groups of amino acid, Van der Waals' interactions. The conformations with minimum energies of two-helical superstructures G--H from alpha- and beta chains of horse hemoglobin, sperm whale myoglobin, and erythrocruorin were computed. They have mean deviation 0.7--1.8 A from native conformations of these proteins. Hence, at the self-organization process alpha-helices firstly are "roughly" oriented by hydrophobic interactions, but the choice of stable conformation occurs by Van der Waals' and electrostatic interactions. On this stage the low-energy conformation becomes "frozen" and cannot be significantly rearranged later. The mutual orientation of secondary protein structures are determined mainly by amino acid radical volumes, their hydrophobicity and charge. PMID- 7242534 TI - [Investigation of hydration of poly[d(A-T)] polynucleotide in helical and random coli states by the method of low temperature scanning microcalorimetry]. AB - Thermodynamic parameters of the process of water phase transition in poly[d(A-T)] solutions in the wide range of polymer concentration have been studied. Curves of the heat capacity changes (delta Cp) depending on concentration of polymer and the temperature in the area of ice-water phase transition have been plotted. Thermodynamic parameters of the process of helix--random coli transition in water solutions of poly[d(A-T)] have been measured. Hydration (n) of poly[d(A-T)]: nAT = 28 mol H2O . mol-1 b. p. has been determined. Comparison of poly[d(A-T)] hydration with hydration of natural DNA shows that the hydration of AT-pairs exceed the amount of water, bound with GC-pairs (nGC congruent to 16--20 mol H2O . mol-1 b. p.). It was concluded that when describing the process of helix-random coil transition in DNA it is necessary to take into account not only the phenomenon of heterogeneity of stacking interactions, but also heterogeneity ("aperiodicity") in the structure of the hydrate shell of DNA molecules. PMID- 7242536 TI - [Studies on the coil-globule transition by the Monte-Carlo method]. AB - The results of a dynamical Monte-Carlo study on the coil-globule and globule-coil transitions are presented. Self-avoiding chains of lengths N = 32 and 64 are investigated. The kinetic model included two- and three-bonds flips. The relaxation of the chain was induced by the abrupt change of the interaction between the monomers. The time evolution of the radius of gyration and the number of intramolecular contacts was obtained. It is established that the transition to the compact state occurs due to the contacts between the monomers close to each other along the chain. The results obtained are compared with the predictions of analytical theories. PMID- 7242537 TI - [Theoretical conformational analysis of a substrate component of tetrahedral intermediates and of acyl-enzyme of carboxypeptidase A]. AB - Semi-empirical calculation of conformational properties of covalent complexes of carboxypeptidase A with ester and peptide substrates are presented. There is a favourable form of transient tetrahedral and covalent acyl-enzyme intermediates in the active site of carboxypeptidase A. The ester and peptide substrates bind in the active site of carbopeptidase A in the same mode. The transition from one stage of the reaction to the other is followed by a small conformational change. The atom coordinates of the substrate component of these complexes are presented. PMID- 7242538 TI - [Electron microscopic study of transcription of loach oocyte ribosomal genes]. AB - Transcription of ribosomal genes of a loach Misgurnus fossilis L. was studied by electron microscopy. Relative transcriptional activity in nucleoli at different vitellogenic stages was determined by direct calculation of the number of operating ribosomal genes in the nucleoli. Morphologic studies showed that the transcribing regions of mean length 2.3 +/- 0.2 mkm are separated by spacers of variable lengths. Both short (1.2--1.4 micrometer) and long (2.4--2.6 micrometer) spacers were visualised. The lateral RNP fibrils have granular structure, each granule containing 300--350 RNA bases. It was found that chromatin has nucleosomal structure in spacer regions and is of non-beaded, smooth structure in transcribing regions. The data obtained allow to suggest that in transcribing regions chromatin undergoes structural transition before the transcription process. PMID- 7242539 TI - [Charge transfer complexes of nucleic acid purine bases with benzoquinone. Evidence that nucleic acid components are pi-donors]. AB - The absorption bands of the charge transfer complexes between nucleic acid, purine components and some of their derivatives (9CH3--Ade, Ado, dAdo, pA, App, Guo, Gpp, Gppp, Cof, Hyp) as electron donors and p-benzoquinone as the acceptor were obtained by the differential method in water solution at 293 K. These bands lie in the range 330--430 nm and have all characteristic properties of the charge transfer bands. All points of the relationships between the energy corresponding to the charge transfer band maximum (hvct) and the donor ionization potential (Id) for the nucleic acid components and their derivatives fall on the same straight line for the pi-donors (the aromatic molecules), known from literature data, which differ markedly from the same straight line for n-donors (the alifatic amines), obtained in this work. It shows that the investigated nucleic acid components and their derivatives are the pi-donors in the charge transfer complexes with p-benzoquinone. PMID- 7242540 TI - Behavioral problems and competencies reported by parents of normal and disturbed children aged four through sixteen. AB - The study was designed (a) to provide prevalence data on behavioral problems and competencies, (b) to identify differences related to demographic variables, and (c) to compare clinically referred and demographically similar nonreferred children. Data were obtained with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), consisting of 20 social competence items and 118 behavior problems. Parents of 1,300 referred children completed the CBCL at intake into outpatient mental health services, while parents of 1,300 randomly selected nonreferred children completed the CBCL in a home interview survey. Intraclass correlations were in the .90s for interparent agreement, 1-week test-retest reliability, and inter-interviewer reliability. Indices of the reported prevalence of each item are graphically portrayed for children grouped by age, gender, and clinical status. Multiple regressions and ANCOVAs showed minimal racial differences but significant tendencies for lower SES children to have higher behavior problem and lower competence scores than upper SES children. There were numerous gender differences on specific items but no significant gender difference in total behavior problem or competence score. Age showed more and larger differences than the other demographic variables, but these differences were dwarfed by differences related to referral status. Across all demographic groups, referal status accounted for more variance in total behavior problem and social competence scores than in the scores for any single item. However, some behavior problems that have traditionally received little attention were much more strongly associated with referral status than problems that have received much attention. Cutoff points on the distributions of total behavior problem and social competence scores yield good separation between referred and nonreferred samples. PMID- 7242541 TI - Mouse spermatogonia exposed to a high, multiply fractionated dose of a cancer chemotherapeutic drug: mutation analysis by electrophoresis. AB - Male mice of the DBA/2J strain were injected with procarbazine at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight twice weekly until an accumulated dose of 2400 mg/kg was reached. A concurrent control group, injected only with the vehicle (saline) was also established. Most of the treated animals died as a result of exposure and all survivors became temporarily sterile. After regaining fertility the few survivors were repeatedly mated with C57BL/6J females over several weeks time to generate a population of F1 animals. The parental animals and the F1 were subsequently analyzed by electrophoresis for the occurrence of newly arisen mutations of spermatogonial origin. A mutation in the gene Pep-3 was found. PMID- 7242543 TI - Tendency to high levels of UVR-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in Bloom syndrome. AB - The unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced by ultraviolet radiations (UVR) in fibroblasts from 5 patients with Bloom Syndrome (BS) has been studied. Since often a high proportion of BS cells has large, probably polyploid nuclei, care was taken to select cells of normal size. Furthermore, UDS was usually measured over constant nuclear areas by a photometric method and each cell strain was tested on several different occasions. This showed that each BS cell strain had levels of UDS exceeding control values, on average, by 19-29%. The difference between the UDS of BS and control cells did not change with UVR doses from 5 to 100 J . m-2 but, unirradiated BS cells showed no evidence of "spontaneous" UDS. Also erythemal UVR (greater than 295 nm) elicited excessive UDS in the BS cell strain which was exposed to such radiations. When BS and control fibroblasts were incubated at low (32.5 degrees C) and high temperature (40.5 degrees C) before and after UVR doses of 5, 25 and 100 J . m-2, it was found that at the lowest dose the temperature of incubation did not modify the difference in UDS between normal and BS cells while, at the highest dose, BS cells incubated at 32.5 degrees C did not show more UDS than the controls. Finally, BS and control fibroblasts were fused with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cells of complementation groups C and D, which are complemented slowly by their partners, and it was than found that BS cells may transfer their tendency to high levels of UVR-induced UDS to their fusion partners. In keeping with these findings, UV-irradiated fibroblasts from BS heterozygotes seemed to show more UDS than normal cells. The anomalous behaviour of BS cells exposed to UVR is unexplained but trivial factors such as differences in cell geometry do not seem to account for our findings. Therefore, since an abnormally small endogenous pool of thymidine and "spontaneous" UDS in BS were not observed, it seems possible that the greater UDS performed during the first 1.5 h of repair by BS cells may be due to: greater numbers of damaged sites repaired; greater incorporation of thymidine per site repaired; or finally, both. In fact, the cell-fusion experiments suggest that BS cells may contain a diffusible factor which influences at least the initial rate of UDS. If such a factor were the product of the BS allele it could be argued that the BS mutations are not amorph and that the BS gene product may compete with that of the normal allele and modify the initial rate of UDS induced by UVR. It is hoped that our observations and their may possible interpretations will stimulate further work on BS. PMID- 7242544 TI - Development of in vivo somatic mutation system using antibody against hemoglobin: preparation and use of an anti-hemoglobin antibody for identifying C57BL/6 red cells in artificial mixture of DBA/2 and C57BL/6 red cells. AB - A cellular specific-locus mutation test is described for detecting mutant cells in mammals. The test is based upon the use of specific anti-C57BL/6J mouse hemoglobin antibody that binds hemoglobin "single" (hemoglobin s, present in C57BL/6J mouse) and not hemoglobin "diffuse" (hemoglobin d, present in DBA/2J mouse). Attempts to purify such antibody from pony and rabbit anti-sera through cross-absorption were unsuccessful. Immunization of LP/J mouse with C57BL/6J hemoglobin produced antiserum that reacted with s hemoglobin but not with a d hemoglobin. In a fluorescent antibody technique, this antibody was found to label fixed red blood cells from C57BL/6J mice but not from DBA/2J mice. In a mixture of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J red cells, the C57BL/6J cells could be differentiated by their bright fluorescence from the non-fluorescent DBA/2J cells. Reconstruction experiment with artificial mixtures of DBA/2J and C57BL/6J cells showed that s hemoglobin bearing cells could be detected in DBA/2J red cells at frequencies as small as 0.4 X 10(-6). Thus, the system is sensitive enough to detect d leads to s mutation in DBA/2J mice. Amino acid comparison of the globin chains of s and d hemoglobins shows that our antibody can probably detect mutations leading to a substitution of serine or proline by alanine at beta 20 position and/or a substitution of threonine by alanine at beta 139 position. PMID- 7242542 TI - Mutagenicity testing of dichloromethane in short-term mammalian tests systems. PMID- 7242545 TI - Modification of the mutagenic activity of propane sultone by some phenolic antioxidants. AB - The effects of three phenolic antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene and propyl gallate on the mutagenic activity of propane sultone were studied using barley as the test system. The antioxidants produced seedling injury marginally but did not produce any chromosomal aberrations. When administered either prior to propane sultone treatment or in a mixture with it, the seedling injury, chromosomal aberrations, mutations per 100 M1 spikes as well as M2 chlorophyll mutation frequency, were enhanced. On the other hand, however, posttreatments reduced M1 spike sterility, mutations per 100 M1 spikes and M2 chlorophyll mutation frequency. The spectrum of chlorophyll mutations was also broadened in the presence of these antioxidants. PMID- 7242546 TI - Clastogenic effect of aqueous extracts of palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer) flour on human blood lymphocytes. AB - Palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer) flour is consumed by humans in some Asian and African countries. In view of its toxic and carcinogenic effects, including the induction of malignant lymphomas in rats, we examined the mutagenic effects of aqueous extracts of the flour on human blood lymphocytes in vitro. The extracts were clastogenic, mainly to group A chromosomes, producing chromatid and chromosome gaps, and chromatid and chromosome breaks with some formation of large and small acentric fragments. Dicentric chromosomes and chromatid interchanges were rare. No ring chromosome was detected. These effects were dose-dependent and were consistently produced by crude extracts of different batches of flour, but were less frequent than the clastogenic effects of mitomycin C which was used as a positive control. No mitogenic effect of the extracts alone was observed. PMID- 7242548 TI - Role of metabolic activation in the sister chromatid exchange-inducing activity of ethyl carbamate (urethane) and vinyl carbamate. AB - Ethyl carbamate (EC, urethane) at 10(-2) M concentration induced more sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes in the absence of S9 mix than did 10(-2) M vinyl carbamate (VC), a possible proximate carcinogenic metabolite (Dahl et al., 1978) of EC. VC itself doubled SCE frequency over the control. In the presence of native S9 mix from Aroclor-induced rat liver, the SCE-inducing activity of VC was highly increased whereas that of EC was suppressed. This opposite effect of S9 mix on VC and EC seems to be due to two different factors. Activation of VC by the S9 fraction seems to be due to the presence of mixed-function oxidases in the S9 mix, because neither the native S9 fraction in the absence of co-factors nor the heat-inactivated S9 fraction in the incubation mixture led to the activation of VC. Deactivation of EC by S9 mix, on the other hand, seems to involve the presence of excess protein and/or substances of low molecular weight in the incubation mixture, because this deactivating effect did not change considerably when the S9 fraction was supplied in the absence of co-factors or when it originated from non-induced rat liver. Heat denaturation of the S9 fraction led to an increased deactivating effect on the SCE-inducing ability of EC. This result is in line with the assumption that reactive -SH groups in the S9 protein are at least partly responsible for the deactivation of EC by S9. Heat denaturation of the S9 fraction led to an about 1.5-fold increase in reactive -SH groups. PMID- 7242547 TI - Genetic toxicological of some plant flavonoids by the micronucleus test. AB - 4 important flavonoid compounds, namely quercetin, kaempferol, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and rutin, were administered to male mice for the detection of gross chromosomal anomalies by the micronucleus test. The first 3 compounds were positively clastogenic to different extents, whereas the 4th was negative. PMID- 7242550 TI - Cytogenetic studies in patients treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. AB - Cytogenetic studies were performed on bone-marrow cells from 12 patients with urinary tract infections treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T + S). An increased number of micronuclei was presented in the patients compared with the control group, whereas structural chromosomal aberrations were not seen. The present study shows that T + S, like other folic acid antagonists, damage the human genetic material, and confirms that the micronucleus test is more sensitive than chromosome analysis in detecting a cytogenetic effect of chemical agents in man. PMID- 7242549 TI - Mutagenicity assays of estrogenic hormones in mammalian cells. AB - In view of the extensive use of estrogenic hormones by the human population, either as therapeutic agents, or in the composition of contraceptive pills, it is important to investigate more thoroughly the adverse biological effects of synthetic hormones. Diethylstilbestrol, ethynylestradiol, estradiol-17beta and estrone were chosen for our experiments. Evidence of carcinogenicity in rodents has been reported for each of these compounds, but so far only few studies have been carried out in vitro. Because it has been shown that isolated liver cells in suspension are able efficiently to metabolize steroid hormones, we have tested these chemicals in V79 cells with a cell-mediated system using primary hepatocytes from male and female rats as the metabolic layer. The incubation in the presence of the chemical to be tested was carried out at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 microM, for 48 h before plating the V79 cells to score for mutagenicity or toxicity. In the absence of hepatocytes, the 4 estrogenic hormones were very toxic, but not mutagenic. The co-cultivation of V79 cells with primary hepatocytes decreased the toxic effect induced by the sex hormones, except in the case of ethynylestradiol. However, no mutation, determined as 8 azaguanine- or ouabain-resistance, was induced under these conditions by any of the hormones tested. The lack of mutagenic activity of these hormones in our assay had been confirmed by the use of primary liver cells that originated from a rat treated with Aroclor, an inducer of drug-metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 7242551 TI - The mutagenicity-enhancing effect of glucose. PMID- 7242552 TI - The influence of incorporated halogenated analogues of thymidine on the sister chromatid exchange frequency in human lymphocytes. PMID- 7242553 TI - Analysis of vinblastine-sensitive sites in certain G-banded chromosomes of D-6 cells of the Chinese hamster. PMID- 7242554 TI - Effect of monosubstituted epoxides on chromosome aberrations and SCE in cultured human lymphocytes. PMID- 7242555 TI - Dependence of the frequency of harlequin-stained cells on BrdU concentration in human lymphocyte cultures. PMID- 7242556 TI - Toxic and clastogenic effects of the polyfunctional alkylating agent N,N,N' tri(beta-chloroethyl)-N'-(p-formylphenyl)-propylenediamine 1,3 (TFP) in the presence and absence of sodium borohydride in V79 Chinese hamster cells. PMID- 7242557 TI - The genotoxic potential of bases and nucleosides. AB - This study was conducted to determine if naturally occurring cell constituents could themselves cause mutation. All the bases and their corresponding nucleosides have been shown to produce chromosome damage in P338 mouse lymphoma and Chinese hamster ovary cells in culture. In addition thymidine has produced an increase in V79 cells resistant to 8-azaguanine and ouabain. Such damage probably arises as a result of imbalanced DNA-precursor pools. Thus mutagenic events may arise by mechanisms unrelated to direct alterations to DNA. PMID- 7242558 TI - Experimental rapid sarcomere loss with concomitant hypoextensibility. AB - Slow soleus muscle in guinea pigs was actively shortened by constant electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve for 12 hours. At the end of this period, hypoextensibility and a 25% decrease in the numbers of sarcomeres were observed. When a 36- or 48-hour period was allowed to elapse after the end of stimulation, some recovery occurred, and the sarcomere numbers were then found to be diminished by only 5%. If the stimulation was performed when the muscle was prevented from shortening (by ankle fixation in dorsiflexion), there was no decrease in sarcomere numbers and no hypoextensibility after neuroaxis lesions, when abnormal contractions maintain lasting shortening of the muscle. PMID- 7242559 TI - Muscle fiber necrosis in murine dystrophy. AB - A sampling technique based on spaced serial ultrathin sections was used to examine the ultrastructure and cytoarchitecture of myofibers, which were necrotic throughout their length, in the dystrophic mutant mouse (C57Bl6J/dy2J). Regional variations along the length of the myofibers were described. The necrotic fibers extended the full length of the muscle fascicle and did not branch. In necrotic fibers which were free of invasive cells, the only nuclei found under the basal lamina were peripherally placed, euchromatic myonuclei, or nuclear membrane remnants. In these fibers, the nuclear population was approximately 14% of the nuclear population of "healthy" fibers from the same animals. No myosatellite cells were observed to be associated with these necrotic fibers. In necrotic fibers, which had undergone foreign cell invasion, the existence of a pleomorphic population of mononucleated invasive cells, many of which had not begun to express phagocytic characteristics, caused considerable confusion, because their appearance tended to mimic that of myonuclei or satellite cells. No heterochromatic nuclei or true myosatellite cells were found associated with necrotic fibers displaying macrophage invasion. PMID- 7242561 TI - Hemiplegic atrophy: electrophysiological and morphological studies. PMID- 7242560 TI - Isometric contractions of normal and spastic human skeletal muscle. AB - Isometric contractile properties of human elbow flexor muscles were examined in 27 normal subjects (7 females and 20 males). Contractions of elbow flexors were elicited by application of electrical pulses to the biceps motor points. The tension development was recorded at the wrist with the elbow angle fixed at 90 degrees--100 degrees. The data for the time to peak and time to half relaxation of the twitch, the twitch tension-to-tetanus tension ratio, and the posttetanic twitch potentiation are reported. The contractile properties of spastic elbow flexor muscles from 7 subjects who had been hemiparetic for periods ranging from 4 months to 60 months were found to be similar to those of muscles in normal subjects and unaffected muscles in hemiparetic subjects. PMID- 7242562 TI - Antibody-negative acquired myasthenia gravis: successful therapy with plasma exchange. PMID- 7242563 TI - Epsilon aminocaproic acid myopathy. PMID- 7242564 TI - Duchenne muscular dystrophy: does serum myoglobin correlate with serum creatine kinase? PMID- 7242569 TI - Purification and characterization of phosphoglycerate kinase from Fasciola hepatica. AB - Phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3) of Fasciola hepatica was purified 375-fold to homogeneity. The enzyme was monomeric, and had a molecular weight of 47 900 and a sedimentation coefficient of 3.0-3.5 S. The enzyme was composed of 397 amino acids and was relatively rich in sulfur amino acids containing 13 methionine and 2 cysteine residues per mole. The enzyme possessed a highly reactive essential sulfhydryl group and was inhibited irreversibly by iodoacetamide and N-ethylmaleimide and reversibly by p-chloromercuribenzoate and 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Initial velocity studies suggested that reaction occurred via a sequential mechanism. The Km values for 3 phosphoglycerate and ATP were 1.26 and 0.90 mM, respectively. ADP was a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to both ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate. PMID- 7242568 TI - Pathways of purine ribonucleotide biosynthesis in the adult worm Metastrongylus apri (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) from pig lung. AB - The pathways of purine ribonucleotide synthesis and interconversion that are operative in the intact adult pig lung worm Metastrongylus apri were identified by radioisotope tracing. The rate of [14C]glycine incorporation into purines was low but sufficient to demonstrate synthesis de novo. Radioactively labelled adenine, hypoxanthine and guanine were readily taken up and converted to the corresponding mononucleotides. Most of the AMP and GMP formed were phosphorylated to the triphosphates. These two nucleotides were interconvertable by pathways in which IMP is an intermediate. Adenosine was converted to nucleotides by direct phosphorylation as well as via formation of hypoxanthine. The rate of synthesis of adenine nucleotides from hypoxanthine was 5-7 times that of guanine nucleotides; conversion of IMP to AMP and to xanthosine 5'-monophosphate were the rate-limiting steps. PMID- 7242570 TI - Studies of the effect of diamphenethide and oxyclozanide on the metabolism of Fasciola hepatica. AB - Studies were made of the effects of diamphenethide-amine on glucose transport, glycogen breakdown, adenine nucleotides, metabolites and excretory products in both parenchymal and bile duct flukes in vitro and in bile duct flukes in vivo. The most consistent and pronounced effect observed was an elevation of malate levels. There appeared to be no differences between responses of parenchymal and of bile duct flukes to diamphenethide-amine. For comparative purposes the effect of oxydozanide was assessed on most of these parameters in bile duct flukes in vitro. Not all the changes caused by oxyclozanide were characteristic of an uncoupler; however, the pattern of changes in the metabolites was markedly different from that caused by diamphenethide-amine. PMID- 7242565 TI - Acute hypokalemic, hypophosphatemic myopathy in chronic alcoholism. PMID- 7242567 TI - Synthesis of ubiquinone 9 by adult Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis: evidence against its involvement in the oxidation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. AB - Among various ubiquinone (Q) isoprenologues tested, only Q7 was more efficient than menadione in promoting the oxidation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (CH3FH4) by 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase isolated from adult Brugia pahangi, whereas Q10 was the best cofactor in the same reaction catalysed by the analogous enzyme from adult Dirofilaria immitis. Menoctone (3-[1-cyclohexyloctyl] -2 hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) was a strong competitive inhibitor of both these ubiquinone isoprenologues in the respective reactions. When incubated in the presence of D,L-[14C]-mevalonate, adult B. pahangi and D. immitis synthesized radiolabelled Q9 only, in addition to other isoprenoid derivatives in the neutral lipid fraction. In view of the inability of Q9 to promote the oxidation of CH3FH4 by 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase from B. pahangi, it seems unlikely that this filaria uses Q9 as a cofactor in this reaction. Conceivably, D. immitis could use Q9 as a cofactor in its enzymatic oxidation of CH3FH4, since in this circumstance, it was a better cofactor than menadione. PMID- 7242566 TI - Involvement of tetrahydrofolate cofactors in de novo purine ribonucleotide synthesis by adult Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis. AB - Adult Brugia pahangi in vitro, unlike mouse leukemia L1210 cells, converted 5 methyltetrahydrofolate (CH3FH4) directly to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and thence to other FH4 cofactors. The excreted CO2 that was derived from CH3FH4 was due to the presence within the filariae of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.6) which catalyzes the deformylation of 10-formyl tetrahydrofolate. Adult B. pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis, incubated in a purine free medium containing [5-14C]CH3FH4 as the only form of folate, synthesized purine ribonucleotides radiolabeled at positions 2 and 8 of the purine ring. Presumably, 10-formyl[14C]FH4 donated Carbon 2 during the synthesis de novo of the purine ring and 5,10-methenyl[14C]FH4 donated Carbon 8. PMID- 7242573 TI - Renal dysfunction due to anturan. PMID- 7242571 TI - Protection of Fasciola hepatica against flukicidal action of the amine of diamphenethide in vitro. AB - A variety of compounds structurally related to serotonin and dopamine were tested for their ability to protect adult liver flukes against the flukicidal effect in vitro of an active metabolite of diamphenethide (diamphenethide-amine). The most effective was dopamine. The protective effect of dopamine was also assessed by analysis of the metabolite and adenine nucleotide levels and excretory products of flukes exposed to diamphenethide-amine in vitro. Most notably, dopamine appeared to depress considerably the large elevation of internal malate which is a characteristic effect of diamphenethide-amine on liver flukes. PMID- 7242574 TI - Thromboxane in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7242572 TI - Purification of malic enzyme from Ascaris suum using NAD+-agarose. AB - Malic enzyme has been purified from Ascaris suum by polyethylene glycol precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and NAD-agarose affinity chromatography to a specific activity of 80 units/mg (V/[E]t = 350 s-1). The preparation was shown to be homogeneous by SDS polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The procedure can be accomplished in a maximum of four days with a 74% yield. PMID- 7242575 TI - Neurologic syndrome in liver disease. PMID- 7242576 TI - Books: the medical-book business. PMID- 7242577 TI - Pharmacokinetics of indomethacin in the neonate. Relation of plasma indomethacin levels to response of the ductus arteriosus. AB - To identify factors affecting the efficacy of indomethacin in closing symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), we studied the pharmacokinetics of intravenous indomethacin, 0.2 mg per kilogram of body weight, in 35 premature infants with symptomatic PDA. Most infants responded to indomethacin with ductus constriction. Indomethacin infusions that were ineffective (seven doses in six patients) were associated with significantly faster clearance, a shorter half-life, and lower plasma levels (p less than 0.05). Six infants had later reopening of the ductus. All six received indomethacin in the first postnatal week; they could not be distinguished from infants with permanent closure on the basis of indomethacin kinetics, but they were of low gestational age. There was a 20-fold variation in plasma indomethacin levels 24 hours after a dose. In view of this variation and the relation between plasma levels and ductus constriction, we suggest that measurement of the plasma indomethacin level could be of value in infants with no response to a first dose. PMID- 7242578 TI - Law-medicine notes. Court involvement in right -to-die cases: judicial inquiry in New York. PMID- 7242579 TI - Case records of the massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 28-1981. PMID- 7242580 TI - Persistent problems with persistent herpesviruses. PMID- 7242581 TI - Indomethacin and the patent ductus arteriosus. PMID- 7242582 TI - Sodium transport in cystic-fibrosis-fibroblast not different from normal. PMID- 7242583 TI - Natural history of intracranial aneurysms. PMID- 7242585 TI - Sugar and saccharin content of antacids. PMID- 7242584 TI - Reduction of liver blood flow by cimetidine. PMID- 7242586 TI - Paradoxical clinical improvement and radiographic deterioration in anergic patients treated for far advanced tuberculosis. PMID- 7242587 TI - Tuberculosis infection from preparation of frozen sections. PMID- 7242588 TI - Case 9-1981: adenocarcinoma of cecum. PMID- 7242590 TI - Venous thrombosis during adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 7242591 TI - Chloramphenicol and gram-negative bacillary meningitis in neonates. PMID- 7242589 TI - Tamoxifen treatment before orchiectomy in advanced breast cancer in men. PMID- 7242593 TI - Mental disorders from low-dose bromocriptine. PMID- 7242592 TI - Immunoglobulin levels in patients on long-term hemodialysis. PMID- 7242594 TI - Prevention of thromboembolic disease by vitamin E. PMID- 7242595 TI - Factor X deficiency in systemic amyloidosis. PMID- 7242597 TI - The weight of evidence. PMID- 7242596 TI - An open letter to my mother's nephrologist. PMID- 7242598 TI - Limited joint mobility in childhood diabetes mellitus indicates increased risk for microvascular disease. AB - We detected limited mobility of small and large joints in 92 (30 per cent) of 309 patients with diabetes who were one to 28 years old. Among patients who had had diabetes for more than 4.5 years (the shortest duration at which microvascular complications were noted), 82 of 169 had joint limitation. Forty-one of these 82 also had microvascular complications, but only 10 of the 87 patients without joint limitation had complications. Life-table analysis indicated an 83 per cent risk for microvascular complications after 16 years of diabetes if joint limitation was present, but only a 25 per cent risk if joint limitation was absent. Consequently, limited joint mobility identifies a population exceptionally at risk for the early development of microvascular complications, and intervention to forestall or prevent these complications can now be focused. PMID- 7242599 TI - Relation between surgical volume and incidence of postoperative wound infection. AB - We used a statewide program for the surveillance and reporting of infections acquired in the hospital to examine the relation between volume of surgery and the incidence of postoperative wound infection. Over a 29-month period 25,941 surgical procedures performed at 22 hospitals were studied. For all procedures studied, the mean number of operations performed was directly related to hospital size (number of beds). A highly significant inverse relation was found between the logarithm of the frequency of operation and the infection rate for appendectomy, herniorrhaphy, cholecystectomy, colon resection, and abdominal hysterectomy. (The relation was borderline [P = 0.055] for laminectomy and not significant for cesarean section.) Although these data clearly demonstrate higher morbidity in hospitals performing relatively little surgery, there are several possible explanations, and no conclusions for health policy can yet be drawn. PMID- 7242600 TI - Efficacy of oophorectomy in lymphangioleiomyomatosis and benign metastasizing leiomyoma. PMID- 7242603 TI - Nuclear arms race and the physician. PMID- 7242601 TI - Effect of quinidine on digoxin concentration in skeletal muscle and serum in patients with atrial fibrillation. Evidence for reduced binding of digoxin in muscle. PMID- 7242602 TI - Joint contractures, waxy skin, and control of diabetes. PMID- 7242604 TI - Iatrogenic illness. PMID- 7242605 TI - Eradication of smallpox. PMID- 7242606 TI - Genital herpes simplex infection in women. PMID- 7242608 TI - Dystonia with droperidol therapy. PMID- 7242609 TI - Thinness, delayed menarche, and irregular cycles. PMID- 7242607 TI - Acute maxillary sinusitis. PMID- 7242610 TI - "Loads". PMID- 7242611 TI - Carcass of a pill: no cause for alarm. PMID- 7242613 TI - Increased adhesion of erythrocytes to endothelial cells in diabetes mellitus and its relation to vascular complications. AB - We studied the adhesion of erythrocytes from 30 diabetic patients and 25 controls to human endothelial cells. Washed erythrocytes were labeled with 51Cr and added to confluent endothelial cells cultured from umbilical veins. After incubation at 37 degrees C, the nonadherent erythrocytes were removed by sequential washings. The percentage of erythrocytes adhering to cultured endothelium after each wash was significantly higher when erythrocytes were from diabetics than when they were from controls (P less than 0.005). After the fifth wash, the mean adhesion ratio (percentage of adhering diabetic red cells: percentage of adhering control red cells) was 2.33 (range, 0.8 to 5.2). Increased adhesion was related to the extent of vascular complications in the diabetics, as assessed by a vascular score. With the same technique, fewer erythrocytes adhered to plastic and to cultured human fibroblasts than to endothelial cells, although the adhesion of the diabetic red cells to these surfaces was higher than that of the controls. These results suggest that in diabetes there is an intrinsic erythrocyte abnormality that is related to vascular disease. PMID- 7242612 TI - Unicyclist's sciatica--a case report. PMID- 7242614 TI - Aminophylline improves diaphragmatic contractility. AB - In an attempt to explain the clinical efficacy of aminophylline, we studied its effect on diaphragmatic function in eight normal subjects. The relation between the electrical activity of the diaphragm and the pressure generated by the diaphragm was assessed during voluntary contractions before and after aminophylline infusion. Aminophylline shifted the electrical activity/pressure curve to the left; the pressure at a given electrical activity increased an average of 15 per cent (P less than 0.001). In four subjects, pressure was also measured during stimulation of the phrenic nerve at various frequencies before and after diaphragmatic fatigue was produced by resistive breathing, with and without aminophylline infusion. Pressure increased after fatigue at all stimulation frequencies with aminophylline, as compared with the pressure after identical fatigue runs at the same stimulation frequencies without aminophylline. The mean plasma aminophylline concentration associated with these responses was 13 +/- 0.9 mg per liter. We conclude that aminophylline improves the diaphragm's contractility and renders it less susceptible to fatigue. PMID- 7242615 TI - Current concepts in psychiatry: borderline personality disorder. PMID- 7242616 TI - Radioimmunoassay of plasma arginine vasopressin in hyponatremic patients with congestive heart failure. PMID- 7242617 TI - Is diaphragmatic contractility important? PMID- 7242618 TI - Cosmas and Damian in the 20th century. PMID- 7242620 TI - Positive antiglobulin tests in a boy struck by lightning. PMID- 7242619 TI - Prednisolone in HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 7242621 TI - Horizontal transmission of malignant conditions rediscovered. PMID- 7242622 TI - A classification of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage. PMID- 7242623 TI - Streptococcus bovis endocarditis and squamous-cell carcinoma of the mouth. PMID- 7242624 TI - Case 50-1980: mixed malignant germ-cell tumor of the retroperitoneum. PMID- 7242626 TI - The antihypertensive effect of jogging--a hypothesis. PMID- 7242625 TI - Side effects of calcitonin therapy: a sex-related difference? PMID- 7242627 TI - Monitoring theophylline levels. PMID- 7242628 TI - Influence of position in unilateral lung disease. PMID- 7242629 TI - Another Munchausen's patient. PMID- 7242630 TI - Stethoscopes on airplanes. PMID- 7242631 TI - Misconception about fertility. PMID- 7242632 TI - Drawing the lines for the debate on competition. PMID- 7242633 TI - Incidence of left-ventricular thrombosis after acute transmural myocardial infarction. Serial evaluation by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - To study the incidence of left-ventricular thrombosis after transmural myocardial infarction, we performed serial two-dimensional echocardiography in 70 consecutive patients. Thirty-five patients had inferior-wall infarction: none had a left-ventricular thrombus. The other 35 had anterior-wall infarction: 12 had left-ventricular thrombi. Thrombi were diagnosed an average of five days after the infarction (range, one to 11 days). All patients with left-ventricular thrombi had severe apical-wall-motion abnormalities (akinesis or dyskinesis). Twenty-six of the 35 patients with anterior infarctions had apical akinesis or dyskinesis on echocardiography; left-ventricular thrombi developed in 12 of these 26 (46 per cent). We conclude that patients with severe apical-wall-motion abnormalities during acute transmural anterior myocardial infarction are at high risk for left-ventricular thrombosis. This high-risk group can be identified before the development of left-ventricular thrombi. Patients with inferior infarction or anterior infarction without a severe apical-wall-motion abnormality are at low risk. PMID- 7242635 TI - Site and sequelae of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7242634 TI - Research advances and resource constraints: dilemmas facing medical education. AB - Public investment in health research is concentrated disproportionately in a limited number of United States medical schools: about 75 per cent of federal health-research expenditures occur in the "Top 40" institutions. The heavy resource demands of advanced research, coupled with constrained public investment in the foreseeable future, will cause a gradual shift of resources toward the already research-rich schools. The various implications of this shift in resources for different categories of medical schools are described under different assumptions for the future: growth, a steady state, and decline. These developments underscore a public-policy dilemma. The further concentration of health-research resources in centers of excellence, which is justifiable in terms of maximizing the potential scientific return on the public's investment, is apt to prove disruptive to medical education in many schools in the middle and lower strata of funded research activity. PMID- 7242636 TI - Sounding Board. Deinstitutionalization of the chronically mentally ill. PMID- 7242637 TI - Acute leukemia in polycythemia vera. PMID- 7242638 TI - Plasma infusion and plasma exchange in chronic idiopathic polyneuropathy. PMID- 7242639 TI - Alpha-methyldopa and carotid-sinus hypersensitivity. PMID- 7242640 TI - Peliosis in renal failure treated with androgens. PMID- 7242641 TI - Case 13-1981: malignant lymphoma. PMID- 7242642 TI - A controlled trial of controlled trials. PMID- 7242643 TI - Changing geographic distribution of specialists. PMID- 7242644 TI - Sunken garbage can banned as health hazard. PMID- 7242645 TI - Physicians of the future. PMID- 7242647 TI - Academic medicine: threadbare? genteel? PMID- 7242646 TI - Physicians and health-care costs. PMID- 7242648 TI - Pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis in a nine year old girl. PMID- 7242650 TI - First isolation of Prototheca species in Spain. AB - One-hundred forty samples of waste water were studied in search of algae of the genus Prototheca, that are potentially pathogenic to man. The samples were taken from collector outlets opening onto the Guadelquivir River. Nineteen cultures of Prototheca were isolated and identified as P. wickerhamii 9, P. zopffi 8 and P. stagnore 2. This is the first report of these algae in Spain and it is to be anticipated that these opportunist human pathogens will eventually be found to cause disease in the general population. PMID- 7242651 TI - Coprophilous fungi of the horse. AB - A total of 1267 microfungi, including 35 Myxomycetes, were recorded from the fecal samples of the 60 horses; of these 395 were found on 20 saddle-horse feces, 363 on 20 race-horses and 509 on 20 working horses. Eighty two species representing 53 genera were recorded; of these 7 were Zygomycetes, 18 Ascomycetes, 1 Basidiomycetes and 25 Fungi Imperfecti: 2 Myxomycetes. Common coprophilous fungi are in decreasing order Pilobolus kleinii, Saccobolus depauperatus, Mucor hiemalis, Lasiobolus ciliatus, Podospora curvula, Petriella guttulata, M. circinelloides, Coprinus radiatus, Dictyostelium mucoroides, Sordaria fimicola, C. miser, C. stercorariusm, Acremonium sp., Coprotus granuliformis, Graphium putredinis, Iodophanus carneus, Chaetomium murorum, Podospora communis, P. inaequalis, P. setosa, Saccobolus versicolor and Cladosporium cucumerinum. Species of Myrothecium verrucaria, Actinomucor elegans, Kernia nitida, Spiculostilbella dendritica and Mucor parvispora were found exclusively in working-horses feces. Badhamia sp., Anixiopsis stercoraria, Echinobotryum state of D. stemonitis, Geotrichum candidum and Oidiodendron sp. were found only in saddle-horses feces. Chlamidomyces palmarum, Philocopra sp. were found exclusively in race-horses feces. Notes on infrequent or interesting fungi include Thamnostylum piriforme, Phialocephala dimorphospora, Rhopalomyces elegans and Spiculostilbella dendritica. PMID- 7242649 TI - Early diagnosis and prompt treatment by surgery in Jorge Lobo's disease (keloidal blastomycosis). AB - In 1931 the Brazilian doctor Jorge Lobo examined a patient from the Amazon Basin who had nodular confluent skin lesions over the lumbosacral region and encountered a new fungus pathogenic for man Paracoccidioides loboi. This classification was based on the morphological aspect of the parasite which was very similar to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis the causative agent of a systemic mycosis Paracoccidioidomycosis or South American Blastomycosis. Other authors use the name Loboa loboi. The final determination of the name must await cultivation of the fungus. PMID- 7242652 TI - [Reflections on some vitamins and a modern vitaminology]. AB - Certain aspects of the present state of vitamin research are treated with special regard to a modern interpretation of the concept of vitamin and to questions concerning the utilization of recent findings by the food industry and other sciences. A classification of vitamins according to their solubility and functional properties is discussed. Recent findings on the relationships between tocopherols and tocotrienols and on bioquinones are dealt with. Furthermore, the significance of some vitamin-like substances (such as choline, S-methylmethionine and pangamic acid) and their biochemical importance for the animal and the human organism are considered. PMID- 7242653 TI - [Gas-chromatographic determination of chloramphenicol residues in animal material]. AB - On the basis of the relevant literature and of their own experimental work, the authors describe extraction, cleaning and derivatization procedures for the determination of chloramphenicol in milk, muscular substance, urine and bile. Chloramphenicol was determined as bis-(trimethylsilyl)-ether using a gas chromatograph fitted with an electron capture detector. To evaluate the analytical techniques, the authors estimated the sensitivity, accuracy and precision for residue amounts of 0.1 and 0.05 mg of chloramphenicol/kg of material under investigation. The limit of detection was 0.02 mg/kg for meat, and 0.01 mg/kg for milk, urine and bile. PMID- 7242654 TI - [Psychophysics of sweet taste. II. Statistical theory of the stimulus-response behavior of sweet taste receptors]. AB - Considering various conditions of adaptation, the authors determined the Weber discrimination thresholds for the sweet taste of saccharose. When the adaptation to the basic stimulus is maintained and use is made of the differential coefficient behaviour, the discrimination threshold is an exponential function of the concentration. The discrimination threshold is by definition that amount of stimulant per unit of volume which will produce an effect of the magnitude of 1. Consequently, the numbers of moles being substituted, its reciprocal, the probability of obtaining a stimulus response, is greater than 1. A differential equation, namely (formula: see text), can be formulated as the basis of the stimulus-response behaviour of saccharose, the integration of which yields a discrimination characteristic expressed as (formula: see text). S = concentration of the solution as the stimulus intensity; R = stimulus response expressed in steps. The parameter b is the maximum probability of the stimulus response and can be termed substance-specific concentration coefficient. Rm is the maximum step number when the stimulus intensity tends to infinity; it is also substance specific. As this characteristic involves both the proportional factors and the differential coefficients, it is called P-D characteristic. From this invariant relationship, the static P characteristic for a very slow increase in stimulus intensity can be derived. When the adaptation to the basic stimulus is abolished by mouth rinsing between tests in paired comparisons, the dependence of the discrimination threshold on the concentration is more than exponential. The stimulus-response characteristics obtained with different time-courses of stimulation are approximated by both the Weber-Fechner and the Stevens law. PMID- 7242655 TI - [Screening of chemicals and tests for carcinogenicity - part of comprehensive toxicological investigation]. AB - Screening tests (short-term tests) can be utilized as methods to select suspicious chemicals which should or must be further tested in long-term animal experiments. Up to now long-term animal bioassays rank prominent in predicting possible carcinogenicity of a compound in man even when taking into account all limitations of evaluation and extrapolation of results obtained to man. Any substance which is shown to cause tumors in animals should be considered carcinogenic and therefore to be a potential hazard for man, Distinction between "animal" carcinogens and "human" carcinogens is not justified and should be avoided. Screening of chemicals and testing for carcinogenicity are parts of protective measurements related to primary cancer prevention. In special cases it can be necessary to weigh risk against benefit from a chemical to enable realistic political decisions in the field of health protection. PMID- 7242657 TI - [Chemical modification of proteins. 7. Effect of succinylation on some physico chemical and functional properties of casein]. AB - Succinylation of amino groups of the casein complex results in a spontaneous dissociation of the protein into low-molecular 1.8-S components. Succinylated samples of casein are characterized by a higher electrophoretic mobility of the components in alkaline mediums and by a lower mobility in acidic buffer systems. The anodic migration in alkaline buffer systems increases depending on the degree of modification. This effect is more pronounced for the beta-casein than for the alpha s-casein fraction. In the potentiometric acid-base titration of the modified casein a hysteresis occurs during the back-titration. Increasing with the degree of modification, this effect points to a more or less strong break-up of the structure (entropy production). The solubility minimum of casein is shifted to lower pH values by succinylation. Samples succinylated to 90 or more per cent of the amino groups are insoluble at pH less than 3.5. Succinylated casein shows at a moderate degree of substitution (approximately equal to 40%) a highly increased water adsorption capacity. The oil adsorption capacity of the protein decreases after succinylation. Amongst the modified casein samples those ones with the highest water adsorption show the highest oil adsorption, too. The emulsifying capacity of low (approximately equal to 20%) succinylated casein samples decreases below the value determined for the unmodified protein. At higher modified samples the emulsifying capacity increases as the degree of succinylation increases. The emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of modified samples are lower than that measured for the parent protein. The foaming capacity of the casein is not improved by succinylation. PMID- 7242656 TI - [Contamination of foods and feeding stuffs from selected areas of the district of Erfurt with lead and cadmium. 2. Burden in agricultural products in the effective range of a lead emitter as compared to a control area]. AB - Using the inverse voltammetric method already described (cf. Part I), the authors determined the lead and cadmium contents in 126 forage samples and 86 cereal samples from the surroundings of a lead emitter (area A) and from the control area B. To assess the heavy metal burden in forage plants at different growth stages, 33 samples of plants taken from both areas at the first stage of growth, not yet used for feeding, were analyzed. The lead burdens in the samples from area A varied with the distance from the emitter, a works which processes pure lead. 20 of the 87 forage samples from this area exhibited lead contents greater than 10 mg/kg of dry matter. 11 of the 55 cereal samples (grains) there taken contained more than 0.5 mg of lead/kg of fresh matter. As expected, there was no correlation between the cadmium values and the lead contents. These results are compared with those obtained from samples from the control area (39 forage samples and 31 cereal samples). Conclusions are drawn as to the agricultural use of land in the area of the emitter. PMID- 7242659 TI - Madness, responsibility and the law. PMID- 7242660 TI - The treatment of inborn errors of the urea cycle. PMID- 7242658 TI - [Characterization of polygalacturonase covalently bonded to Sepharose]. AB - For the soluble endo-polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15.) from Aspergillus spec., investigated in the present work, the defined substrate turnover U at 50% loss of viscosity if 0.2% and is independent on the reaction temperature. In the case of the covalently-bonded enzyme, the following linear equation applies to U, depending on the specific activity A and in the limits from A = O [U] and Amax: U = [U] + S square root of A. U is influenced by the kind of linkage, the conditions of immobilization and the properties of the carrier: it is a measure of the postulated conformational change of the polygalacturonase. The characteristic limiting value for the substrate turnover at A = O [U] is also temperature-independent and proves to be a true increment of binding, whereas Amax depends essentially on the porosity of the carrier. Polygalacturonase sepharose complexes with a real substrate turnover U of 3--20% were prepared by varying systematically the kind of linkage and the specific activity A. It was found that with increasing U these complexes were, as a rule, inhibited to a lesser extent by a non-competitive pectinase inhibitor than the soluble polygalacturonase. Furthermore, their ability to liberate or enrich oligomeric galacturonic acids with a degree of polymerization greater than 3 was markedly reduced. PMID- 7242661 TI - The evolution of metabolic cycles. AB - The function of the citric acid cycle is to convert efficiently the energy released during the combustion of acetate into the energy stored in the pyrophosphate bonds of ATP. The cycle is almost twice as efficient as feasible alternatives of acetate combustion, such as a direct pathway via glycollate, glyoxylate, formaldehyde and formate. The reason is that the first stage of acetate degradation cannot be a dehydrogenation; it must be an oxygenation by molecular oxygen. Thus the cycle must have evolved because in a competitive environment the chances of survival are greatest if resources are optimal. Analogous considerations apply to the evolution of other metabolic cycles. PMID- 7242664 TI - Tropical disease finance. World Bank acts. PMID- 7242663 TI - Somatic and behavioral postnatal effects of fetal injections of nerve growth factor antibodies in the rat. PMID- 7242662 TI - Intense exercise, bone structure and blood calcium levels in vertebrates. PMID- 7242665 TI - Armadillos fight leprosy. PMID- 7242666 TI - Visual cortex of an anthropoid ape. PMID- 7242667 TI - Congress and cancer research. PMID- 7242668 TI - Sexual differentiation of the brain. PMID- 7242669 TI - Muscle regulation: a decade of the steric blocking model. PMID- 7242670 TI - Exons and the structure, function and evolution of haemoglobin. PMID- 7242672 TI - Routes of conjugation in normal and cancerous tissue from human lung. PMID- 7242671 TI - (-)Maackiain acetate specifically inhibits different forms of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in rat and man. PMID- 7242675 TI - US biomedical research: against the tide. PMID- 7242673 TI - A human proinsulin variant at arginine 65. PMID- 7242674 TI - Allosteric regulation of crocodilian haemoglobin. PMID- 7242676 TI - Trypanosomiasis: question of breeding. PMID- 7242677 TI - No badger vaccine. PMID- 7242678 TI - Plasma lipoproteins and cellular metabolism. PMID- 7242679 TI - More surprises from mitochondria. PMID- 7242680 TI - From embryo to teratocarcinoma in tissue culture. PMID- 7242682 TI - Sensory cues invalidate remote viewing experiments. PMID- 7242681 TI - Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. PMID- 7242683 TI - [Physics of biological pattern formation]. AB - In each generation cycle of a higher organism, a complex structure if formed under the instruction of the genes. In this process morphogenetic fields (probably spatial concentration patterns of substances) are involved which elicit cell responses giving rise to visible pattern and form. Autocatalytic short-range activation in conjunction with long-range ("lateral") inhibition is capable of generating striking concentration patterns starting from near-uniform distributions. No features unusual in molecular biology are required, and self regulatory properties observed experimentally in biological development can be accounted for. Cell responses to morphogenetic fields can include cell differentiation and the generation of bending moments, curvature and form in cell sheets giving rise to defined forms in organs and organisms. It appears that biological pattern formation is explicable on the basis of known physical laws and processes. PMID- 7242685 TI - The effect of tumour sera on the growth of plant tissues. PMID- 7242684 TI - [Chance and discovery in research on the cause of infantile amaurotic idiocy]. AB - Infantile amaurotic idiocy-the classical type known as "Tay-Sachs disease" -is the consequence of the accumulation of a ganglioside and a closely related derivation in the human brain. The accumulation of both substances is due to a genetically induced deficiency of their common catabolic enzyme system. K. Sandhoff discovered three enzymic variants of the disease, which, taken together, did not reveal any apparent causal relationship between enzymic defect and substrate accumulation. The role of chance and discovery in finding the three variants as well as in the elucidation of their causes is described. PMID- 7242686 TI - Different inhibition pattern of the nucleic acid metabolism after in vitro treatment with titanocene and vanadocene dichlorides. PMID- 7242687 TI - Intracellular distribution of titanium after treatment with the antitumor agent titanocene dichloride: on electron energy loss spectroscopic study. PMID- 7242688 TI - A rodent carcinoma and its lipidic extracts possess human blood group Tn-, T-, N- and M-specificities. PMID- 7242689 TI - Cellular fatty acid composition in staphylococci isolated from bovine milk. AB - Cellular fatty acid composition was examined in 61 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci of bovine milk origin and 19 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis serving as reference strains. The 61 strains had been divided into 9 species in accordance with the classification of Kloos & Schleifer. When S. aureus and the coagulase-negative staphylococci were examined, they contained iso C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, C18:0, and C20:0 as main fatty acids. There was no marked difference in the cellular fatty acid composition between any two staphylococcal species. The percent cellular fatty acid composition of each species was regarded as one of the quantities of continuity and subjected to the analysis of variance by the unary configuration method. As a result, S. capitis, S. cohnii, S. epidermidis, and S. xylosus seemed to have a cellular fatty acid composition a little different from that of any other species. When similarity values among all the strains were calculated, they were 0.89 or more and made it possible to divide all the strains into two large groups at the similarity value of 0.90. In the one group the iso-C15:0 was a characteristic fatty acid. In the other group the anteiso-C15:0 was a characteristic fatty acid. To the first group belonged S. hyicus and S. lentus. To the second group belonged S. cohnii, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. saprophyticus, and S. warneri. In the two groups were distributed S. aureus, S. capitis, S. simulans, and S. xylosus. PMID- 7242690 TI - Genetic relationships between sublines of inbred strains of mice as assessed by mandible analysis. AB - Genetic relationships between sublines of inbred strains of mice were investigated by using mandible measurements. (1) Canonical discriminant analysis (discriminant analysis with reduction of dimensionality) was applied to the investigation of genetic relationships between sublines on two kinds of dimensionality. As a result, it was made clear that all the sublines of the same strains mapped closer to each other than they were to other strains on the plane of z1--z2, except the sublines of strain AA. (2) According to the result of discriminant analysis, misclassification among the sublines of the other strains was only 0 head/302 head, or 0%, for the male mice and 6 head/302 head, or 1.99%, for the female mice. Misidentification between the sublines of the same strain was also of low rate; that is, 28/302, or 9.27%, or the males and 9/302, or 2.98%, for the females. These results suggested that the mice of the sublines of the same strain might be genetically different from one another. (3) The cause for the occurrence of such subline divergence as this seemed to be mainly due to the spontaneous mutation of each colony after the separation of mice. It appeared that the subline divergence of strain AA might be due to the genetic heterozygosity of an original stock before the separation of mice. PMID- 7242691 TI - Properties of gizzard erosion-inducing substance in fish meal. AB - Heated whole fish meal, produced from mackerel, was proved to induce gizzard erosion in broiler chicks by feeding for 6 days. The constituents of the water soluble fraction of fish meal were suspected to be the cause of this lesion. Of them, histidine, histamine and nucleotides were examined. When added to milk casein and heated, histidine appeared to be the most toxic. It seemed, however, that histamine and IMP (inosine 5'-monophosphate) might be less toxic even when treated in the same way a histidine. Feeding of a large amount of histamine alone resulted in giving rise to a much disturbed profile of body weight gain, while a low incidence of gizzard erosion was observed in this case. Both heated fish meal and a heated mixture of casein and histidine were easily reduced in toxicity by acid hydrolysis. The latter was more sensitive to this treatment. On the contrary, papain had an action to diminish the toxicity of heated fish meal at all. Even after treated with papain, the heated casein-histidine mixture was still effective to induce gizzard erosion. These results might have come from different structural changes caused by heating of the two samples. PMID- 7242692 TI - GABA facilitation by noradrenaline shows supersensitivity in cerebellum after 6 hydroxydopamine. AB - Alterations of cerebellar Purkinje cell responses to microiontophoretically applied noradrenaline (NA) were studied in rats after the destruction of NA containing afferents and terminals by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). An enhanced efficacy of NA action after 6-OHDA treatment was indicated by a significant reduction in the mean iontophoretic current required for a threshold depressant response to NA. A potentiation of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition by administration of NA, similar to that previously observed in control animals, was also reliably elicited in 6-OHDA pretreated rats. In addition, Purkinje cells appeared to demonstrate an increase in sensitivity to such facilitating actions of NA, defined here as "modulatory supersensitivity". In contrast to the prolonged synergistic interactions between NA and GABA observed in control animals, however, the enhancement of the amino acid response in 6-OHDA treated animals did not persist beyond the period of NA ejection and converted instead to a period of rebound insensitivity to GABA action. These results provide electrophysiological evidence for the emergence of supersensitivity to NA action in cerebellum after the loss of noradrenergic input from locus coeruleus. PMID- 7242693 TI - Calcium-dependent slow action potentials in potassium-depolarized guinea-pig ventricular myocardium enhanced by barium ions. AB - Experiments were performed to investigated the mechanism by which Ba ions facilitate slow response in the myocardium. In partially depolarized guinea-pig papillary muscles, adding 0.2 mmol/l Ba to K-rich solution drastically lowered the stimulus threshold and converted the graded response to an all-or-none activity. This change was accompanied by an increase in the membrane resistance, as determined by cable analysis. When [Ca]0 was altered (0.9--7.2 mmol/l) in the presence of 0.2 mmol/l Ba, the action potentials varied almost in a manner expected for a Ca-electrode, and there were concomitant increases in the twitch tension. The electrical and mechanical activities of muscles treated with 1 mmol/l Ba were also strongly Ca-dependent. At normal [Ca]0, increasing [Ba]0 from 0.2--1 mmol/l only slightly enhanced the action potentials without any appreciable change in the peak twitch tension. When [Ca]0 was lowered to 0.2 mmol/l, elevation of [Ba]0 to over 0.5 mmol/l restored the action potentials, and the resting tension increased. These results suggest that the facilitatory action of the low concentration of Ba on the Ca-dependent slow action potentials is due to a reduction in the membrane shunting conductance and not to a development of any sizeable inward Ba current. However, Ba-dependent action potentials may be generated under conditions of Ca-deficiency. Isoprenaline (0.5--5 x 10(-7) mol/l) induced an automatic activity in the Ba-treated muscles and this phenomenon is probably related to both the drug-induced increase in Ca-permeability and the Ba induced decrease in shunting conductance. Thus Ba ions appear to be a feasible tool for studies on the myocardial slow channel. PMID- 7242694 TI - Effects of anticonvulsants and methotrexate on calcium disposition. AB - Administration of phenytoin for 5 days significantly reduced oral absorption and bone uptake of radiolabelled calcium in mice. Acute treatment with phenytoin had no effect on calcium disposition. Pretreatment (1--5 days) with phenobarbital also had no effect of calcium disposition. Methotrexate pretreatment for 5 days increased the bone uptake of radiolabelled calcium presumably by decreasing calcium renal clearance. It is concluded that phenytoin induced reduction in calcium metabolism is unrelated to a state of functional folate deficiency. PMID- 7242696 TI - Decreased vasopressin content in brain stem of rats with spontaneous hypertension. AB - The content of arginine vasopressin in the brain stem and neurohypophysis of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats was measured by radioimmunoassay and the values were compared to those measured in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. In the brain stem of hypertensive rats, AVP content was decreased by 77% while neurohypophyseal AVP content was increased by 26%. The results demonstrate that brain stem AVP levels and neurohypophyseal AVP levels may change differentially and they are consistent with the possibility that brain stem AVP may be involved in altering cardiovascular reflex activity. PMID- 7242695 TI - The inhibitory effect of lithium of high-K induced contraction in guinea-pig taenia coli. PMID- 7242697 TI - Endogenous adenosine inhibits lipolysis induced by nerve stimulation without inhibiting noradrenaline release in canine subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo. PMID- 7242698 TI - The fate of isoprenaline in the isolated rabbit aorta. Radiochemical and morphologic observations. PMID- 7242700 TI - Inhibition of synaptosomal choline uptake by tetanus and botulinum A toxin. Partial dissociation of fixation and effect of tetanus toxin. PMID- 7242699 TI - Choline inhibits acetylcholine release via presynaptic muscarine receptors. AB - The effect of exogenous choline on the outflow of 3H-acetylcholine evoked by field stimulation was studied on the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation of the guinea pig. Choline at concentrations of 100 microM and higher depressed the evoked outflow of 3H-acetylcholine in a concentration-dependent manner. The EC50 for the inhibitory action was 300 microM. Scopolamine (10 nM) antagonized the effect of choline which indicates that the inhibition of 3H acetylcholine outflow is mediated by muscarine receptors. The findings imply that choline at high concentrations does not improve cholinergic synaptic neurotransmission in tissues that are endowed with presynaptic muscarine receptors (e.g. myenteric and central cholinergic neurones). Furthermore, it is suggested that the increase in tissue acetylcholine content that has been observed after choline administration is probably due to the depression of acetylcholine release. PMID- 7242701 TI - Tetanus toxin and botulinum A toxin inhibit acetylcholine release from but not calcium uptake into brain tissue. AB - Slices or particles from rat forebrain cortex were preloaded with [3H]choline, and the release of [3H]acetylcholine was evoked with potassium ions in a superfusion system. Release depended on the presence of calcium. 1. Incubation of the preloaded tissue preparation for 2 h with tetanus or botulinum A toxin did not change the [3H]acetylcholine content or the ratio [3H]acetylcholine/[3H]choline. Tetanus toxin diminished, dependent on dose and time, the release of [3H]acetylcholine evoked by 25 mM K+. It was about ten times more potent than botulinum A toxin. The effect of botulinum toxin was due to its neurotoxin content. Raising the potassium concentration partially overcame the inhibition by the toxins. Hemicholinium-3, applied to preloaded slices, left the subsequent [3H]acetylcholine release unchanged. Pretreatment of particles with neuraminidase diminished the content of long-chain gangliosides to the detection limit. Such particles remained fully sensitive to tetanus toxin, and at least partially sensitive to botulinum A toxin. 2. The potassium or sea anemone toxin II stimulated uptake of 45Ca2+ into cortex synaptosomes or particles was not inhibited by either toxin. Both toxins appear to impede the Ca2+-dependent mobilization of an easily releasable acetylcholine pool, without inhibiting the transmembranal calcium fluxes. PMID- 7242703 TI - The effects of the bradycardia-producing compound alinidine on action potentials and tension development in cardiac fibres. AB - Alinidine (ST 567, N-Allyl-Clonidine) exerted concentration-dependent negative chronotropic effects in isolated, spontaneously-beating sinus node cells and Purkinje fibres of guinea pigs and in ventricular strips of chick embryonic myocardium. Reduction of beat frequency by 30% was found after addition of 8.6 mumol/l alinidine in the former. A chronotropic effect was not seen during Ba2+ induced automaticity or triggered activity in guinea-pig papillary muscles and in enzymatically disaggregated cells of embryonic chick myocardium, which lose the beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness of the intact embryonic ventricle. In contrast to alinidine, D600 showed very pronounced and quinidine minor negative chronotropic effects in these latter experiments. Reduction of excitability, rate of rise of the action potential and velocity of repolarization as well as prolongation of the refractory period were seen after applications of very high concentrations of alinidine (285 mumol/l). In electrically-driven atria isometric peak tension was only slightly changed (increased by 85.5 mumol/l, decreased by 285 mumol/l) but it was reduced (to 36.8%) by alinidine (85.5 mumol/l) in papillary muscles. Both in atria and in papillary muscles, the maximum rate of rise of the action potential was unchanged by alinidine up to 85.5 mumol/l and the slight reduction following 285 mumol/l alinidine application was independent of the rate of stimulation. The present findings confirm the selectivity of the bradycardic effects of alinidine which has a main mode of action different to that of membrane stabilizing compounds or inhibitors of the slow inward current. PMID- 7242705 TI - [Diabetic retinopathy; permissible and non-permissible exertion in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7242702 TI - Changes in the activity of nigral neurones induced by morphine and other opiates in rats with an intact brain and after prenigral decerebration. AB - The effect of morphine and related opiates on the spontaneous activity of nigral neurones was studied in unanaesthetized rats with an intact brain or after prenigral decerebration. Less than 50% of the neurones were influenced by the opiates. In the intact brain, intravenous (i.v.) injection of morphine 2 mg/kg, dextrorphan 1 mg/kg and tilidine 5 mg/kg increased the discharge rate, whereas levorphanol 1 mg/kg, pethidine 20 mg/kg and codeine 10 mg/kg reduced it. Naloxone 0.2 mg/kg i.v. abolished the effects of morphine, levorphanol and codeine; it reduced the effect of pethidine and was ineffective against dextrorphan and tilidine. Intracaudate injections of morphine 10 microgram and pethidine 50 microgram increased the spontaneous activity of some neurones in the ipsilateral substantia nigra and reduced that of others; the increase in activity after morphine was more pronounced than the depression. The effects of intracaudate injections of morphine or pethidine were reduced by i.v. naloxone. After prenigral decerebration, i.v. injections of morphine depressed, and i.v. injections of levorphanol increased the activity of nigral neurones; pethidine i.v. either increased or reduced the spontaneous activity. These effects were reduced or abolished by naloxone. It is concluded that opiates including morphine affect the activity of nigral neurones not only by an action on opiate receptors in the striatum but also by an action on opiate receptors outside the striatum (e.g. in the substantia nigra and, perhaps, by an action unrelated to opiate receptors. PMID- 7242704 TI - A pharmacological method to estimate the pKi of competitive inhibitors of agonist uptake processes in isolated tissues. AB - An equation is derived from a mathematical model (proposed by Furchgott) which, under certain circumstances, estimates the pKI (-log dissociation constant) of a competitive inhibitor of agonist uptake by utilizing the sensitization of isolated tissues, to the substrate-agonist, by uptake inhibition. The method is theoretically more sound and appears to be improved by the use of potency-ratios of the substrate-agonist and an agonist which is not a substrate for the uptake process since this allows for the detection and correction of receptor and toxic effects of uptake inhibitors. The pKI values of cocaine, desmethylimipramine and imipramine for the neuronal uptake of norepinephrine were estimated by this method in guinea-pig tracheae and left atria. Also, the pKI values for 17 beta oestradiol, corticosterone, clonidine and metanephrine for the extraneuronal uptake of isoproterenol were estimated in guinea-pig tracheae (and cat left atria for 17 beta-oestradiol). All estimates were consistent with literature pKI values obtained biochemically with radiolabelled substrates. PMID- 7242706 TI - [Meniere's disease: a study of 457 patients]. PMID- 7242707 TI - [Spontaneous stomach perforation in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7242708 TI - [Aspects of surgical correction of jaw abnormalities]. PMID- 7242712 TI - [Rational medicine]. PMID- 7242711 TI - [The arteries of the spinal cord]. PMID- 7242710 TI - [The medical library in the small and medium-sized hospital]. PMID- 7242714 TI - [No recognition without knowledge; a patient with subacute thyroiditis]. PMID- 7242713 TI - [Decreasing mortality of many operations. I. Operations of the gastrointestinal system]. PMID- 7242715 TI - [Esophageal web, an unusual cause of esophageal stenosis]. PMID- 7242716 TI - [Syncope associated with prolonged QT-interval on the electrocardiogram]. PMID- 7242709 TI - [Facial melanosis (melasma)]. PMID- 7242717 TI - [Familial dysfibrinogenemia; fibrinogen Haarlem I and II]. PMID- 7242718 TI - [Surgical correction of dysgnathism]. PMID- 7242720 TI - [Breast-augmenting operations with subpectoral placement of a prosthesis]. PMID- 7242719 TI - [Acute myositis following influenza]. PMID- 7242722 TI - [Psychiatry and physiotherapy; from team work to joint treatment]. PMID- 7242723 TI - [A patient with ring chromosome 13]. PMID- 7242721 TI - [Vaginal discharge as the principal symptom in an unusual urogenital anomaly]. PMID- 7242724 TI - [Pseudomyxoma peritonei]. PMID- 7242725 TI - [Cryosurgery of the prostate]. PMID- 7242726 TI - [Stevens-Johnson syndrome following administration of griseofulvin]. PMID- 7242727 TI - [Autopsy findings in a general hospital during the last 50 years]. PMID- 7242729 TI - [Amenorrhea following chemotherapy for the treatment of breast carcinoma: a suitable criterion of ovarian insufficiency?]. PMID- 7242728 TI - [The embryonal development of the major lymphatic vessels in man]. PMID- 7242730 TI - [Cytostatics and gonadal function]. PMID- 7242732 TI - [Decreasing mortality of many operations. II. Abdominal operations other than those of the gastrointestinal system]. PMID- 7242731 TI - [Peritonitis in the lower abdomen and perihepatitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection]. PMID- 7242733 TI - [A solitary lump in the thyroid; then what?]. PMID- 7242735 TI - [Endoscopic findings in 202 patients without roentgenologically demonstrable lesions of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 7242734 TI - [Determination of liver membrane autoantibodies for the differential diagnosis of liver diseases]. PMID- 7242736 TI - [Category T1NXM0 bladder cancer treated with radium implantation or transurethral resection]. PMID- 7242737 TI - [Pelvic lymphadenectomy in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva]. PMID- 7242738 TI - [Psilocybine poisoning resulting from eating mushrooms]. PMID- 7242739 TI - [The lumbar infusion test]. PMID- 7242740 TI - [Licorice abuse, adrenal cortex insufficiency and amenorrhea]. PMID- 7242741 TI - [Eyeglasses on the nose]. PMID- 7242742 TI - Autism in Nebraska: identification and treatment. PMID- 7242743 TI - Toxic shock syndrome occurring during menstruation. PMID- 7242745 TI - Nebraska symposium on motivation 1979: beliefs, attitudes, and values. PMID- 7242746 TI - Social values, attitudes, and involvement of the self. PMID- 7242744 TI - WIC--agent for improved health. PMID- 7242747 TI - The role of action in attitude change. PMID- 7242748 TI - Values, attitudes, and interpersonal behavior. PMID- 7242749 TI - Some unresolved issues in theories of beliefs, attitudes, and values. PMID- 7242750 TI - Attitudes, values, and selfhood. PMID- 7242752 TI - Cognitive processes. PMID- 7242751 TI - A theory of reasoned action: some applications and implications. PMID- 7242754 TI - Concepts, propositions, and schemata: what are the cognitive units? AB - In this paper I have reviewed the data and theoretical considerations that bear on the issue of whether propositions and schemata should be considered cognitive units. Assuming a certain general framework about working memory and long-term memory, the evidence tended to point toward a positive conclusion-that both can be cognitive units. Evidence for this comes from observations about all-or-none recall, heightened recall of units, associative priming, diminution of interference effects, considerations of implementation efficiency, and considerations of cognitive naturalness. This being said, I do not find the current picture so convincing that I would want to make a never-say-die commitment to the positive conclusion for cognitive units at all levels of knowledge structures. The idea seems sufficiently promising that it is worthwhile to develop a more explicit theory of what a cognitive unit would be like. So I have proposed a general notion of a cognitive unit that spanned propositions and schemata as special cases and specified the encoding and retrieval properties that such a cognitive unit would have. To be succinct, the important ideas associated with cognitive units are the following: (1) They can occur at multiple levels and enter into hierarchies. (2) If a set of working-memory elements can be put in correspondence with an existing knowledge structure, the elements can be joined in a cognitive unit by a single encoding act. (3) The elements in a cognitive unit are brought into working memory in a single retrieval act. (4) It is possible to evaluate general properties of a cognitive unit without having to expand it into its elements and inspect these. Perhaps this is done by measuring level of activation. PMID- 7242753 TI - The development of attentional mechanisms. PMID- 7242756 TI - Can we have a fruitful cognitive psychology? PMID- 7242755 TI - Organization of factual knowledge. PMID- 7242758 TI - Motivated retrieval from archival memory. PMID- 7242761 TI - Height reduction in tall girls; the reappearance of Procrustes. PMID- 7242757 TI - Unitization and automaticity in perception. PMID- 7242762 TI - Growth of tall girls without and during oestrogen treatment. PMID- 7242763 TI - Aspiration biopsy cytology of carcinoma of the thyroid. PMID- 7242760 TI - [A system for documentation of patient-contacts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242759 TI - [The Aachen Aphasia Test: reliability and inter-rater agreement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242764 TI - The effect of sulpiride in a patient with complications of a phaeochromocytoma. PMID- 7242765 TI - On the clinical significance of a persistent trigeminal artery in patients with stroke. PMID- 7242766 TI - Persistent dorsal ophthalmic artery. Report of a case with associated fibromuscular hyperplasia of the extracranial internal carotid artery and multiple cerebral aneurysms. PMID- 7242767 TI - Femoral nerve palsy secondary to anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 7242768 TI - [Traumatic carotid artery thrombosis in the area of the base of the skull. 2 case reports]. AB - The authors describe two cases with a carotid thrombosis at the level of the skull base. The clinical course and the pathogenesis are discussed with reference to 15 similar cases in the literature. It is considered that a direct injury to the vessel wall is the cause of the carotid thrombosis. To assist in the diagnosis angiography should be undertaken as early as possible. A good collateral supply is the prerequisite for a favourable result. PMID- 7242769 TI - [Inflammatory brain oedema and regional brain metabolism in experimental brain abscess in cats (author's transl)]. AB - Brain abscess were produced in cats, by inoculating an agar-bouillon mixture with Staphylococcus aureus into the white matter of the right cerebral hemisphere. The accompanying oedema, which can be regarded as vasogenic, extended outwards from the site of inflammation and by the seventh day had involved the entire right hemisphere. As the abscess became encapsulated the oedema at the periphery subsided but it persisted, however, in the close proximity of the causative organisms to the tissue. The changes in the regional brain metabolism were most obvious at the time when the oedema was maximal. This tended to become normal with the increasing encapsulating which took place from the seventh day onwards. PMID- 7242770 TI - [The Carpal tunnel syndrome--results of a follow-up study after division of the flexor retinaculum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242771 TI - [Spinal epidural cysts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242772 TI - [The indications, technique and results of facio-facial anastomosis (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of our experiences with facio-facial nerve anastomosis in 62 patients, with and without various plastic procedures on skin and muscles, we can definitely say that results are not as satisfactory as those of nerve suture or grafting when performed as a direct operation on the facial nerve. This is obvious because only 50% of the fibres of the intact (donor) nerve are available for anastomosis. Consequently a facio-facial anastomosis should only be considered in those cases where a direct operation on the facial nerve is technically impossible or where a previous operation on the lesion has not produced the desired improvement and the anastomosis is done as an additional procedure. To achieve the most satisfactory result we would recommend performing plastic procedures on skin and muscle at the same stage. With this technique we were able to secure satisfactory results in 21 cases. PMID- 7242773 TI - [Nerve grafting and other plastic procedures in traumatic injuries of the brachial plexus (author's transl)]. AB - In 52 patients with traumatic injuries of the brachial plexus plastic procedures were carried out on the nerves in order to improve function: primary suture of the torn portion of the plexus (one case), external and internal neurolysis with division of the epineurium (four times), anastomosis of the secondary branches or the main arm nerves, with the intercostal nerves by insertion of sural transplants (47 times). Seventy per cent showed an improvement in protective sensation and in 48% a useful gain in motor function was achieved. The results are dependent on the age of the patient (better results in the younger patients), on the interval between injury and operation (failure when the injury was more than one year previously), and the anatomical site (good regeneration with axillary and musculo-cutaneous, partial success with the radial and median, and failure with ulnar nerves). Although complete recovery cannot be expected, we recommend that such a "plastic" nerve operation should be done before considering the radical step of a definitive arthrodesis or amputation. PMID- 7242775 TI - Ontogeny and distribution of cysteine sulfinate transaminase in the rat brain. AB - Cysteine sulfinate transaminase catalyzes the conversion of cysteine sulfinate and alpha-ketoglutarate to beta-sulfonyl pyruvate and glutamate and is present in high concentration in neuronal tissue. During development, levels of cysteine sulfinate transaminase in whole rat brain homogenate increase twofold between days 10 and 21. At maturity, high levels of the enzyme are present in the synaptosomal fraction. The highest level of enzyme activity was in the hypothalamus, approximately three- to fourfold greater than any other region examined. These data suggest that cysteine sulfinate transaminase may have an important role in the metabolism of neurotransmitters and their precursors. PMID- 7242777 TI - Inhibition by styrylpyridines of purified rat and bovine brain choline acetyltransferase. AB - Nine styrylpyridine analogs were tested as inhibitors of choline acetyltransferase which had been highly purified from rat cerebrum and bovine caudate nuclei. In general, concentrations required to achieve 50% inhibition (I50 values) were in the micromolar range. For some analogs, I50 values were similar to those obtained previously by other investigators who used less purified enzyme preparations. With certain analogs, however, the measured values of I50 changed as the transferase became more purified, which may indicate the presence in the extract of other molecules which can interact with the enzyme. The methods used in purification of the enzyme suggest that the molecule which modifies the activity of CAT is probably a protein. The mode of inhibition by naphthylvinylpyridinium was found to be uncompetitive with respect to both choline and acetyl coenzyme A for both the rat and bovine transferases. PMID- 7242776 TI - Effect of methionine sulfoximine on methylation of guanine residues in astroglial transfer ribonucleic acids. AB - Culture-grown astrocytes derived from 3-day-old rat brain were incubated in the presence of [3H]guanosine and of the convulsant agent L-methionine-dl-sulfoximine (MSO). The resulting [3H]tRNA was purified from control and MSO-exposed cells at several time points during the incubation and was hydrolyzed to [3H]guanine and four [3H]methyl guanines which were separated by high pressure liquid chromatography. Three of the four [3H]methyl guanines were more highly labeled in the [3H]tRNA of the MSO-exposed cells, relative to that of the control cells throughout the entire incubation period. The findings extend to cultured astrocytes, the stimulatory effect of MSO on the methylation of neural tRNA guanines, previously observed both in vitro using [14C]S-adenosyl-L-methionine and in vivo using [methyl-3H]L-methionine. PMID- 7242774 TI - Age-related quantitative changes in enzyme activities of rat brain. AB - The patterns of brain enzymes linked to energy metabolism have been determined in rats aged between 3 and 21 months and compared to those of the developing brain as an estimate of the senescent energy capacity of this organ. During aging, pyruvate kinase increases, pointing towards an enhancement of the glucose dependence of this organ. However, NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase declines, suggesting a reduction of Krebs cycle activity in the aged rat brain. An increase in cytoplasmic NAD-malate dehydrogenase found during aging could provide an alternative mechanism of NAD recovery. PMID- 7242780 TI - [Disorders and difficulties in the psychosocial adaptation of epileptics]. AB - Disturbances of and difficulties in psychosocial adaptation were analysed in 63 epileptics (with generalized convulsions and partial complex seizures) and in 31 subjects without diseases of the central nervous system (control group). The disturbances of adaptation were not more frequent in epileptics than in controls. On the other hand, it was observed that patients with partial complex seizures constituted a group non-homologous with respect to the degree of difficulties in functioning (disturbances and difficulties) which was probably due to their greater dependence on the conditions of realization of their psychosocial needs in relation to healthy subjects and patients with generalized seizures. PMID- 7242778 TI - Topographic studies of gangliosides of intact synaptosomes from rat brain cortex. AB - Gangliosides in the external surface of intact synaptosomes from rat brain cortex have been studied by oxidation of exposed galactose and galactosamine groups with galactose oxidase followed by reduction with labeled sodium borohydride. Purified synaptosomes were labeled, disrupted by osmotic shock, and the particulate components fractionated on diatrizoate to give four synaptosomal membrane fractions (A-D) and a mitochondrial pellet (E). Fractions A and B represent synaptosomal plasma membranes. When intact synaptosomes were labeled, the major portion of the total radioactivity incorporated into ganglioside fraction was found to be in GM1 3 species. With isolated membrane fractions little selectivity was seen: (1) more label was present compared to intact synaptosomes, and (2) zones corresponding to GM2, GM1, GD1a, GD1b were the major gangliosides labeled. The results confirm the conclusion that membrane fractions A and B are derived from the exposed synaptosome surface and also show that GM1 is the major ganglioside species available for enzyme oxidation at the surface. PMID- 7242779 TI - Incorporation of fucose and leucine into PNS myelin proteins in nerves undergoing early Wallerian degeneration. AB - The simultaneous incorporation of [3H]fucose and [1-14C]leucine into normal rat sciatic nerve was examined using an in vitro incubation model. A linear rate of protein precursor uptake was found in purified myelin protein over 1/2-6 hr of incubation utilizing a supplemented medium containing amino acids. This model was then used to examine myelin protein synthesis in nerves undergoing degeneration at 1-4 days following a crush injury. Data showed a statistically significant decrease in the ratio of fucose to leucine at 2, 3, and 4 days of degeneration, which was the consequence of a significant increase in leucine uptake. These results, plus substantial protein recovery in axotomized nerves, are indicative of active synthesis of proteins that purify with myelin during early Wallerian degeneration. PMID- 7242781 TI - [Incidence of migraine among physicians of the city of Lodz and their families]. AB - Using an inquiry method the prevalence of migraine was determined in a group of 711 physicians and their spouses in the City of Lodz. This prevalence was 7.8% 12.2%. This prevalence was twice as high in physicians as in their spouses. The author explains this as an example of differences in the prevalence of migraine in different occupational groups. In 85.9% of the subjects with migraine there was a family history of migrainous headaches which is wet another evidence of familial occurrence of this disease. In the discussion the authors quotes a similar study of Dalsgaarg-Nielsen and Ulrich in Denmark in 1973 and stated that the results of the present study and that of the Danish authors were not significantly different with regard to the prevalence of migraine. Finally the authors stress the economic importance of migraine indicating that in 0.85% of the responders migraine attacks caused temporary disability to work of about 20 days annually. PMID- 7242783 TI - [Results of rheoencephalographic studies in chronic subdural hematoma]. AB - In cases of chronic subdural haematomas rheoencephalographic investigations were carried out before the operation finding changes indicating increased tension of the walls of the cerebral arteries, venous stasis and reduced cerebral blood flow. In the light of a survey of the literature and own investigations the author believes that these changes are a response to increased vascular resistance in the brain in the process of compensation of increasing intracranial pressure. The author believes that the causes of localization of the changes mostly on the side of haematoma is the local action of the non-invasive brain compressing process. PMID- 7242782 TI - [Microsurgical treatment of cerebral arteriovenous aneurysm]. AB - The authors describe a group of 9 patients with arteriovenous malformations of the brain operated upon using the microsurgical technique and controlled arterial hypotension. In all cases the malformations were radically removed. In one patient the neck of a coexistent aneurysm of the pericallosal artery was clamped with a clip. Disability in one patient was the effect of haemorrhage, another patient with hemiparesis is being rehabilitated. The remaining patients are feeling well and in only one of them epileptic seizures remained after the operation, they had, been however, present before the operation. The use of the microsurgical technique makes possible reduction of the surgical trauma to the brain tissue and opens greater possibilities of intraoperative evaluation of radical performance of the operation. PMID- 7242785 TI - [Cerebral cysticercosis with progressive dementia]. AB - The reported case was observed in a man aged 53 years with a clinical symptom complex suggestive of Pick's disease. Morphological examination demonstrated cysticercosis of the brain. PMID- 7242786 TI - [Central pontine necrosis after cranio-facial injury]. PMID- 7242784 TI - [Angiographic evaluation of the effectiveness of surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysm]. AB - On the basis of control angiographies after surgical treatment of 59 intracranial aneurysms full effectiveness of aneurysm elimination from the circulation was assessed and found to be fully effective in 93.2% of cases. In 3 cases the aneurysmal sac was partially visualized, and in 2 cases the metal clip was found to have slipped off from the aneurysm neck. One of these patients was reoperated successfully. The investigations demonstrated in 17 cases (29%) presence of postoperative vasospasm, in 8 cases internal hydrocephalus following past bleeding and in 2 cases accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the subdural space. On the basis of literature reports and own experiences the authors stress the necessity of possibly early control angiography which should be accepted as a routine method. In case of internal hydrocephalus demonstration insertion of a ventriculoatrial shunt is suggested. PMID- 7242787 TI - [Case of non-ossifying fibroma (fibroma non osteogenicum, fibroma non ossificans) situated in the cervical spine]. AB - A case of a neoplasm called non-osteogenic fibroma or non-ossifying fibroma is reported. The neoplasm was situated in the cervical part of the spine and was removed surgically. A peculiarity of this case is rare occurrence of this neoplasm and oligosymptomatic stationary course of the disease. PMID- 7242788 TI - [Giant aneurysm of the internal carotid artery, stimulating parasellar tumor]. AB - The authors report a case of a giant aneurysm of the internal carotid artery filling from the left internal carotid artery below the site of branching-off of the posterior communicating artery. The initial neurological, and ophthalmological signs and plain films of the skull suggested presence of an Erdheim's tumour. It is worth stressing that the onset of the clinical manifestations was at the age of 15 years, particularly in the form of progressing binasal hemianopsia with sparing of the lower temporal quadrant. The efficiency of the cerebral circulation was tested using Mathas' test, electroencephalography, ophthalmodynamometry and angiography. It was decided to ligate the left carotid artery although Mathas' test during angiography was not as positive. The boy tolerated the operation well. Ophthalmological examination demonstrated after 18 months normal visual fields and normal visual acuity. Further follow-up during 8 years demonstrated normal psychosomatic development of the boy. PMID- 7242790 TI - [Vascular dementia (multi-infarct dementia) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242789 TI - [A case of remarkable enlargement of cerebral arteriovenous malformation after operation -special reference to their enlargement- (author's transl)]. AB - Presented case is a 27-year-old male with remarkable enlargement of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the left frontal lobe, four years after subtotal removal operation. First operation was carried out in February, 1973, because of 5 times adversive seizure to the right. Post-operative angiogram disclosed a tiny telangectatic residual AVM. Four years later of first operation, follow-up angiography showed a remarkable enlargement of AVM. The second operation was performed in March, 1979, with angiographically complete disappearance of AVM. A lot of theory for enlargement of AVM have been presented. Author summarized possible factor's, which influence enlargement of the size of AVM, as follows (Table 3). The first of all, histopathological nature of AVM with hemodynamic factor is most important. And, second important factor is a existence of space of adjacent AVM and multiple telangiectasia of the internal and external on nidus of AVM. At last, biological factors, such as a autonomic growth with individual ageing growth, and a size of AVM, should be regarded. It is author's conclusion, the growth of AVM of our case has occurred in the dead-space originated by previous operation, that continuous expansion of residual small vessels (telangiectasia) in vicinity of the operated region. Therefore, authors emphasizes that at the first time, radical removal of AVM should be operated with meticulous care of existent telangiectatic small vessels in surrounding brain tissue of AVM complex. PMID- 7242794 TI - [A case report of bilateral agenesis of internal carotid artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242792 TI - [A role of glycerol in contrast enhancement (author's transl)]. AB - In some cases of glioma, it may be relatively difficult to demonstrate by computed tomography (CT), or even by contrast enhancement technique (CE). Studying a series of delayed CT scans, it seems that one of the main factors of delayed CE effect is due to extravascular components of iodine. So for getting better CE effect in these gliomas, we tried to increase the extravascular iodine concentration with utilizing the returning water of intravenously administrated Glycerol. By this method of drip injection of contrast material following the Glycerol, we could get an increase of CE effect of 40 or 70% comparing to the usual drip injected CE scans in two benign gliomas, but we couldn't find the difference in one malignant glioma and in the high vascular area of the benign gliomas. Though the mechanism was not completely explained in this article, we thought that CE effect in malignant gliomas or high vascular tumors was mainly by intravascular component of iodine. This malignant glioma a big cyst, and with the use of intravenous contrast material and delayed CT scanning, we had been able to know that contrast media entered cystic collections, which progressively increased in density and were maximally enhanced on delayed, 180 minutes after injection of contrast material. PMID- 7242795 TI - [Cystic brain tumor associated with tuberous sclerosis -familial occurrence of tuberous sclerosis with normal intelligence- (author's transl)]. AB - Brain tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis are often found in the wall of the ventricles near the foramen of Monro and present with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure due to occlusion of the CSF pathway. The authors reported a case of such a brain tumor which presented predominantly focal neurological signs because of a large cyst function. This 8-year-and-4-month old girl experienced her first seizure attack at the age of 1-year-and-3-month. Six moths before admission, she complained of headache which lasted for several days. CT scans at that time revealed mass lesions in both lateral ventricles which were mildly dilated. A round low density area, considered to be a cyst, was found lateral to the calcified tumor of the left lateral ventricle extending into the adjacent parenchyma. Two months later, she noticed weakness in her right extremities, difficulty in buttoning and tendency to stumbling, and these were slowly progressive. Her past history was non-contributory. CT examinations of her mother and elder brother with adenoma sebaceum indicated that both had multiple calcifications in the ventricular walls and they were clinically diagnosed as having an incomplete form of tuberous sclerosis. On admission to the Department of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University Hospital on March 23, 1979, the patient was noted to have right hemiparesis and hyper-reflexia. She could barely walk but was unable to write with her right hand. Fundoscopic examination was normal. On general physical examinations, characteristic skin lesions including adenoma sebaceum, shagreen patch and depigmented patches were found. The second CT scans taken at the time of admission revealed that the low density area markedly enlarged, while the size of the tumors and ventricles remained essentially unchanged. A left parietal craniotomy was performed with a preoperative diagnosis of cystic tumor of the lateral ventricle associated with tuberous sclerosis. The tumor in the left lateral ventricle was found extending from the trigone to the anterior horn beyond the foramen of Monro. Histopathological diagnosis of typicaL benign giant-celled astrocytoma was made. The immediate postoperative course was uneventful except for a temporary worsening of the right motor weakness. V-P shunt was necessary because she developed signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus two weeks after operation. At the time of dismissal from the hospital one month postoperatively, she was neurologically free except for the mild right hemiparesis. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the first reported in the literature, in which a brain tumor associated with cyst formation verified in a patient of tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 7242793 TI - [Primary brainstem injury disclosed by computerized tomographic scan as high density (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242791 TI - [Therapeutic embolization in the external carotid artery region (author's transl)]. AB - This paper reports our experience of therapeutic embolization in the external carotid artery region. Therapeutic embolization was done for the purpose of decreasing hemorrhage during operation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Therapeutic embolization was done in 6 cases of meningioma, 1 case of capillary hemangioma of the cheek and one case of olfactory neuroblastoma. Catheterization was done through the common carotid artery in adults and done through the femoral artery in an infant. Small pieces of Gelfoam were used as emboli. Emboli, 1 X 1 X 0.5 mm in size, were instilled with normal saline. One embolus was used in one instillation as a rule. A larger embolus was used for occlusion of a larger artery. Heparin was not used through entire procedure. Four illustrative cases are presented. when a feeder of a tumor is occluded by artificial emboli, two kinds of effect can be resulted. when emboli lodge within the tumor or in a feeding artery distal to arterial anastomoses, blood is no longer supplied to the tumor (embolization effect). On the other hand, when a feeding artery is occluded by emboli at the point proximal to arterial anastomoses, blood supply to the tumor is transiently reduced but it is soon restored through arterial anastomoses (ligation effect). To minimize bleeding during surgery it is very important to gain embolization effect. For this purpose small emboli should be instilled repeatedly until embolization effect is established. Then ligation effect should be obtained, if necessary, by injection lower emboli. Operation was performed on the day following embolization in cases of meningioma. In a case of capillary hemangioma of the cheek operation was performed three days after embolization and in a case of olfactory neuroblastoma surgery was performed two days after embolization. In all cases the primary purpose to minimize bleeding during operation was achieved. No untoward side effects were encountered in this series. The ophthalmic artery may arise from the middle meningeal artery. The vertebral artery might be visualized through the collateral from the occipital artery. We should pay attention to these vascular anomalies before embolization to prevent possible catastrophe. PMID- 7242796 TI - [Dissecting aneurysms of the vertebro-vasilar system: clinical and angiographical observations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242797 TI - [CT in normal pressure hydrocephalus--correlation between CT and clinical response to shunting (author's transl)]. AB - CT scans were obtained on 33 patients (age 73y. to 31y.) with the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus. In each case, the diagnosis was made on the basis of the symptoms, CT and cisternographic findings. Underlying diseases of normal pressure hydrocephalus are ruptured aneurysms (21 cases), arteriovenous malformations (2 cases), head trauma (1 case), cerebrovascular accidents (1 case) and idiopathy (8 cases). Sixteen of 33 patients showed marked improvement, five, moderate or minimal improvement, and twelve, no change. The results were compared with CT findings and clinical response to shunting. CT findings were classified into five types, bases on the degree of periventricular hypodensity (P.V.H.), the extent of brain damage by underlying diseases, and the degree of cortical atrophy. In 17 cases of type (I), CT shows the presence of P.V.H. with or without minimal frontal lobe damage and no cortical atrophy. The good surgical improvements were achieved in all cases of type (I) by shunting. In 4 cases of type (II), CT shows the presence of P.V.H. and severe brain damage without cortical atrophy. The fair clinical improvements were achieved in 2 cases (50%) by shunting. In one case of type (III), CT shows the absence of P.V.H. without brain damage nor cortical atrophy. No clinical improvement was obtained by shunting in this type. In 9 cases of type (IV) with mild cortical atrophy, the fair clinical improvement was achieved in two cases (22%) and no improvement in 7 cases. In 2 cases of type (V) with moderate or marked cortical atrophy, no clinical improvement was obtained by shunting. In conclusion, it appeared from the present study that there was a good correlation between the result of shunting and the type of CT, and clinical response to shunting operation might be predicted by classification of CT findings. PMID- 7242798 TI - [The prognosis of encephaloceles (author's transl)]. AB - Encephaloceles were diagnosed in 39 patients over a 40-year interval from 1940. Thirty-three encephaloceles were located in the occipital region, 3 in parietal, 1 in glabellar, 1 in sphenomaxillar and 1 in intracranial. Nineteen patients were males and 20 were females. Eleven of 39 patients were dead. In 33 patients the encephalocele was excised and two died within a month after operation. Four patients expired within a year and other four died before the age of 4 years. Eleven of dead cases were meningoencephaloceles or meningoencephalocystoceles except one. In 6 of them the size of encephalocele was larger than 5 cm in diameter. Twenty-six patients survived 6 months fo 34 years. Six of them found to be severely retarded psychosomatically. Twenty others spend normal lives. Eldest patient whose occipital meningoencephalocele sized 4.5 cm in diameter was excised in 1945 works in a automobile dealer's shop as a car operator after graduation of a junior high school. He has two children, as well. Two patients are graduates of a high school, one a college and one a junior high school. Other patients of school age attend ordinary classes of each school with or without minimal handicaps such as paresis of one leg, unilateral visual loss, slight cerebellar ataxia, large head size and so on. Two of these 20 patients who are found to be in good state had encephaloceles larger than 5 cm in diameter, but other 18 smaller than 5 cm. Eleven of them were meningoceles. Four of 6 patients who had anterior or parietal encephalocele were found to have no neurological sequelae. Significant adverse prognostic factors were the presence of brain tissue within the sac of lesion and the size of it. However, hydrocephalus did not effect the quality of survival of our patients. PMID- 7242799 TI - [Early operations for ruptured intracranial aneurysms--comparative study with computed tomography (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have analyzed the correlation between the result of early operation for ruptured intracranial aneurysms (45 cases) and CT scan (54 cases) performed within the second weeks after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). 1) Twelve patients operated on within 24 hours after SAH showed no mortality and a morbidity of 16%. On the contrary, in 12 patients operated on during 2nd-7th days after SAH, the mortality rate was 38% and the morbidity 15%. 2) There was a good correlation between the result of early operation within one week after the hemorrhage and CT findings. Surgical results were closely correlated to the incidence of vasospasm in our cases. All cases with symptomatic vasospasm showed bilateral high density in the cistern or ventricles on CT scan performed within 3 days after initial bleeding. 3) In the cases of ruptured aneurysm with giant intracranial hematoma, but no remarkable blood clot in ventricles or basal cisterns, the results of surgery in acute stage were good. 4) For the cases within 24 hours after the hemorrhage, it is recommended to carry out surgical operation as early as possible, including removal of blood clots in the basal cistern and sylvian fissure, and ventriculo-cisternal drainage for improvement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. On the other hand, the cases in which operations were performed during 2nd-7th days and CT scan revealed bilateral high density in the cisterns or ventricles resulted in poor outcome or death. PMID- 7242800 TI - [Infusion test in the normal pressure hydrocephalus (author's transl)]. AB - Continuous monitoring of the intracranial pressure and ventricular infusion test were carried out in 13 cases in which normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) was suspected. The infusion test was performed by intraventricular bolus injection of 8 ml of saline. The result was collated with the effect of shunting operation, which was judged by means of the improvement in the clinical symptoms and the amplitude of contingent negative variation. The excellent effect of shunting operation was obtained in the patients who showed the T of more than 200 sec, the compliance of less than 1.0 ml/mmHg, the conductance to outflow of less than 0.8 ml/mmHg/min and CSF outflow resistance of more than 15 mmHg/ml/min. In 3 cases out of the 5 effective cases, A or B wave was seen. However, appreciable variation of the values was shown among the cases so that it was concluded that the all-round-consideration must be done to select the case for the shunting operation with the findings in RI-cisternography, pneumoencephalography, computerized tomography and so on. This fact might indicate the existence of the complicated pathophysiology in NPH resulted from not only the impairment of cerebrospinal fluid circulation but also the disturbance of cerebral blood flow, changes in plasticity of the brain and so on. PMID- 7242801 TI - [Effects of bilateral common carotid occlusion and reflow on regional cerebral blood flow and electrocorticogram in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (NTR) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242802 TI - [Sparganosis mansoni of the brain--a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242804 TI - [Case report of acute central cervical cord injury with C7 laminar fracture and extradural hematoma (author's transl)]. AB - A 57-year-old epileptic male with an acute central cervical cord injury was reported, who fell down from 2.5 meter height to a dry river bed presumably during a convulsive seizure. Upon physical examination at the time of admission, 4 hours post trauma, there were severe neck pain with limited neck motion, sensory level at C4 bilaterally, no motion at all in the upper extremities, and minimal motion in the lower extremities as well as apparent urinary retention. Plain cervical spine series showed moderate posterior osteophytes at C4--C5 and C5--C6, although the film of lateral view did not visualize a part of C7 well. After 4 days' clinical observation, a myelography was done at lateral cervical approach between C1 and C2, which showed a complete block at C3. Urgent laminectomy C3 through C7 showed a fracture of the C7 spinous process extending to the bilateral lamina and an extradural hematoma from C3 to C7 with thickness of 3 to 5 mm. Neither pial incision nor dorsal myelotomy was performed because of no remarkable swelling of the cord. Post-operative course was uneventful, the patient recovering first the motion in the lower extremities, urinary retention, and motion in the upper extremities. At 10 months' follow-up after the operation, he could take care of himself in dressing, eating and toileting, although he had had residual motor disturbance in his hands and fingers especially in fine finger movements. It was keenly felt important to visualize C7-T1 in roentgenograms of lateral cervical view in cases of acute cervical injury, for which swimmer view and/or tomogram might be necessary. Queckenstedt's test was criticized as a dangerous maneuver in such case but C1--C2 myelography is considered safer and more informative. Literature on the acute central cervical cord injury were reviewed. PMID- 7242803 TI - [A case of unclassified brain tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242805 TI - [Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery associated with intracranial aneurysm (author's transl)]. AB - A case of the persistent left primitive hypoglossal artery associated with an intracranial aneurysm was reported. The thirty-year-old man was admitted to hospital in the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage at seven days after the onset. Bilateral carotid angiograms revealed a saccular aneurysm at the right internal carotid-posterior communicating artery junction and a persistent left hypoglossal artery arising from the left internal carotid artery at the level of the C-1 vertebra. Retrograde vertebral angiograms revealed right hypoplastic vertebral artery (2mm in diameter) and markedly hypoplastic left vertebral artery, vanishing at the level of the C-3 vertebra. The axial view of the left carotid angiogram demonstrated the hypoglossal artery entered into the cranial cavity through the hypoglossal canal. Linear tomogram in the modified reversed Stenvers projection demonstrated the enlarged left hypoglossal canal measuring 9 X 10 mm. The normal right canal measured 5 X 6 mm. The right frontotemporal craniotomy was performed and the aneurysm was successfully clipped at its neck under an operative microscope. The patient discharged without any neurological deficit. The persistent hypoglossal artery is one of the persistent carotidbasilar anastomoses. Ninety-six cases of the hypoglossal arteries have been reported in literature. Twenty cases of them were associated with intracranial aneurysms. The authors reviewed these twenty cases and discussed the genesis of the intracranial congenital aneurysm in relation to the persistent artery. PMID- 7242806 TI - [Traumatic middle meningeal arterio-venous fistula--a case of bilateral occurrence (author's transl)]. AB - A case of traumatic middle meningeal arterio-venous fistula was reported. The present case reported here appears to be unique because of its bilateral occurrence. As for traumatic middle meningeal arterio-venous fistula, we could not find any case with bilateral occurrence in the literature. Bilateral carotid angiograms revealed extravasation in the extradural spaces. Draining veins were found pouring into the superior sagittal sinus and also into the transverse sinus. This was also thought to be rare. We discussed to some extent on the etiology, diagnosis, angiographical findings and treatment of this disease. PMID- 7242810 TI - [Intracranial cavernoma, report of nine cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242807 TI - [Preoperative irradiation of an extracerebral cavernous hemangioma in the middle fossa--follow-up study with computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242811 TI - [Clinical significance of extravasation from interacranial aneurysm during angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242809 TI - [Measurement volume of intracranial hematoma by computed tomography (author's transl)]. AB - On hypertensive intracranial hematoma, the hematoma volume on CT scan was measured by Delta scan 50 with MAP-program. 1) In each slice of the hematoma, high density mass lesion, the area was measured by joy stick on viewing console, and relationship with print out data, area above 40 CT values was good. 2) Correction of partial volume effect, especially of high of hematoma in the 10 mm scan slice was done with each mean CT values of the hematoma, and central CT values of that. For correction of partial volume effect, hematoma volume was decreased compared with the volume measured by MAP area measurement only, but in phantom study, corrective hematoma volume has shown high accuracy. 3) In comparison of corrective hematoma volume with maximum length of hematoma, line measurement does not evaluate of hematoma volume proportionaly as large. Though calculated volume by modified Dodge's formula (pi/6 X L X S X slice) has shown good relationship with corrective hematoma volume. Then, in clinical use, measurement of 3 line distance, maximum length, crossed short length, slice thickness contained hematoma was recommended to evaluate actual hematoma volume. PMID- 7242812 TI - [Presurgical embolization of meningioma--technical considerations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242814 TI - [Neurophysiological study on psychiatric symptoms in normal pressure hydrocephalus--clinical evaluation by the contingent negative variation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242808 TI - [Steroid treatment in neurosurgical practice--with special reference to the serum beta-methasone level and clinical effect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242813 TI - [Reconstructive operation of Moyamoya disease and its problems (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebrovascular moyamoya disease is a chronic occlusive disease of unknown etiology, 90% of which are found among Japanese. At the 3rd International Symposium on Microsurgical Anastomosis held in 1976, Kikuchi and Kawasawa reported an preventing effect of STA-MCA bypass surgery for ischemic episode of this disease. Thereafter, they proposed a new operation to place temporal muscle on the brain surface, namely Encephalo-Myo Synangiosis (EMS), for the patients lacking suitable recipient artery of middle cerebral artery territory. The authors report clinical experience of eight STA-MCA anastomosis, two STA-MCA anastomosis with EMS and one EMS performed on six cases with moyamoya disease. The follow up period after operation ranged from seven to 18 months. Four patients had excellent results, and one good. One died of subdural hematoma of non-operated side seven months after contralateral bypass procedure. STA-MCA bypass surgery is an effective treatment for moyamoya disease. Also, EMS is expected to be a replaceable surgical procedure for STA-MCA bypass under absence of suitable recipient artery. PMID- 7242815 TI - [A case of traumatic false aneurysm of meningeal branch of the vertebral artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242816 TI - [Neurogenic pulmonary edema following severe head injury--case report (author's transl)]. AB - A case of severe head injury associated with fulminant pulmonary edema considered as neurogenic which developed within short time after the injury was presented. A five-year-old boy who had no previous history of cardiopulmonary disease was struck on his right frontal region by car accident at 15.30 PM on July 5 of 1979. Immediately after the impact he lost his consciousness and subsequently transferred to a local hospital where bilateral dilated pupil and flaccid paralysis of the limbs were noted. On transmission of the patient to Omuta City Hospital 30 minutes after the injury, massive foamy fluid was discharged from the tracheal tube. On admission, he was comatous, with bilateral dilated and fixed pupils and flaccid paralysis of the limbs. There was no retinal bleeding. He showed ataxic respiration with severe stridor and massive discharge of foamy fluid pinkish in colour from the trachea characteristic in pulmonary edema was significant. Chest x-ray film demonstrated perihilar densities suggesting pulmonary edema. CT scan showed extremely small ventricle on both sides without manifestations of intracranial hematomas or cerebral contusion. With an intensive medical treatments including corticosteroids, alkalizing agents and alpha-blocker were administered under controlled respiration, the discharge of edema fluid was gradually decreased and the findings on blood gases were also improved. However neurological signs were aggravated and he died 8 hours after the injury. Central venous pressure was maintained at the level between 8 to 10 cm. From these clinical findings the pulmonary edema was concluded as neurogenic. Direct or indirect injury to the hypothalamic efferent pathway at the level of lower brain stem seemed to be important as the cause of neurogenic pulmonary edema in this case. The possible pathophysiology of neurogenic pulmonary edema associated with brain stem injury and intracranial hypertension was discussed with other related literature. PMID- 7242817 TI - [A case of duplication of the middle cerebral artery with ruptured aneurysm on its origin during pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - A rare case of duplication of the middle cerebral artery with a ruptured aneurysm on its origin during pregnancy was reported. A 29-year-old woman, primipara, was admitted to our clinic at 17 weeks' gestation on June 26, 1979 with a history of sudden onset of severe headache and vomiting, followed by unconsciousness fit for 30 minutes. The patient displayed typical features of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Lumbar puncture revealed bloody CSF. Right carotid angiogram 20 days after admission demonstrated duplication of the middle cerebral artery arising from the terminal internal carotid artery and a small aneurysm at its origin. There was evidence of associated spasm in the internal carotid artery, M1 and A1 portion without hematoma. The patient was treated conservatively for 2 months and then aneurysm surgery was performed. At operation, under the hypotensive anesthesia, on August 21, 1979, the presence of duplication of the middle cerebral artery on the right side and ruptured aneurysm on its origin were confirmed. The neck of aneurysm was completely clipped. Fetal heart rates were monitored by Doptone monitor during the operation. Postoperative course was excellent. Three months postoperatively, the patient went into spontaneous labor, at 40 week's gestation, and delivered a healthy infant. Clinical management of subarachnoid hemorrhage in pregnancy and the relationship between anomaly of the middle cerebral artery and aneurysm were discussed with the literature. PMID- 7242818 TI - [Superior Foville syndrome after clipping of basilar bifurcation aneurysm--case report (author's transl)]. AB - The patient was a 48-year-old housewife, who had a sudden onset of severe headache followed by loss of consciousness for a few hours on the day of admission. Initially she showed slight restlessness due to headache, neck stiffness and subhyaloid hemorrhage. Four-vessel study revealed a basilar aneurysm on right retrograde brachial angiography and anterior communicating aneurysm on left carotid angiography. Two weeks after the onset, when she had no neurological deficit except for intermittent appearance of disorientation, both aneurysms were successfully clipped through right pterional approach of Yasargil. The subarachnoid hemorrhage was apparently due to basilar bifurcation aneurysm. Postoperatively, she showed right hemiparesis including her face, aniscocoria (left, 4 mm, oval: right, 1.5 mm, round) and conjugate deviation toward the left. The disturbance of conjugate eye movement and the hemiparesis completely disappeared in 2 and 7 days respectively. The patient was discharged 4 weeks postoperatively with mild left 3rd nerve palsy. At present, one year postoperatively, she is fully engaged in her housewife life without any neurological deficits. A case of superior Foville syndrome combined with Weber syndrome after clipping of basilar bifurcation aneurysm was reported and its anatomicoclinical mechanism was reviewed. The pathogenesis was supposed to be left midbrain ischemic lesion due to circulatory disturbance of P-1 perforators (P-1: proximal posterior cerebral artery); e.g., occlusion on clipping of vasospasm. This P-1 perforator syndrome after aneurysmal clipping has been reported only little. The importance of preservation of these perforators with careful dissection and manipulation under microscopy was emphasized. PMID- 7242820 TI - [Investigation of epidural hematomas of the posterior fossa according to CT findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242819 TI - [Limitation of admission CT in acute head injury--report of three autopsy cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242822 TI - [Arteriovenous malformation associated with congenital heart disease, with a remark on accompanying cardiopulmonary dysfunction (author's transl)]. AB - A 10 years old school boy, who had been known to have a small ventricular septal defect from 2 months after birth, was admitted to us with a diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage on October 24, 1978. On admission, neurological examination revealed mild right hemiparesis and miotic pupils in semicomatose state, and thrilling, that was equivalent to Levine III, pansystolic murmur and cyanosis of nails were noticed. By CT scan, intraventricular hemorrhage originated from hemorrhage in the basal ganglia was shown and the left CAG revealed an arteriovenous malformation in the left basal ganglia. Electrocardiogram showed mild cardiac failure and chest x-ray showed pulmonary congestion. Neurological symptoms and abnormal cardiopulmonary changes made well manageable after bilateral ventricular drainage. Twenty four cases of arteriovenous malformation associated with congenital heart disease were reviewed in the reported literature, and 20 cases were found to combine with Galenic aneurysm with congenital heart disease. All of those cases had been in a little pause after the birth and the most of congenital heart diseases were of patient ductus arteriosus. The rest of cases including our present case were 4 cases, who had rather small arteriovenous malformation, and the severity of the congenital heart disease was attributable to the patients mortality. In all of the report at present only our case was the single survival. Embryological investigation on arteriovenous malformation of the brain and congenital heart disease indicated that association of both conditions could be attributable to the vascular malformation in a very limited gestational stage, and that the incidence should be much less than reported. Our case showed the intracranial hypertension was found to create serious cardio-pulmonary dysfunction when congenital heart disease being accompanied, and it was presumably relating to the relatively higher incidence of Galenic aneurysm associated with ductus arteriosus. PMID- 7242821 TI - [A case of cerebrovascular Moyamoya disease associated with basilar aneurysm (author's transl)]. AB - A case of Moyamoya disease associated with a basilar aneurysm was reported. The patient was a 49-year-old male who was attacked by subarachnoid hemorrhage in February 1980. Upon admission to our hospital, he was in good general condition and neurological examinations showed mild left hemiparesis and meningeal irritation signs. Four-vessel angiography showed bilateral stenosis and occlusion of the internal carotid arteries and abnormal vascular network in the cerebral base. Another conspicuous angiographic finding was a berry aneurysm associated with a daughter aneurysm at th basilar top. Enhancement CT scan revealed the basilar aneurysm and a well demarcated low density area in the right parietal lobe. It has generally been thought that the cause of symptoms in Moyamoya disease is rupture of vessels in the subarachnoid space on the cerebral cortex. However, in the case of Moyamoya disease associated with an aneurysm, rupture of the aneurysm should be considered to be a probable cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 7242823 TI - [CT findings of malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242824 TI - [A case of deep sylvian meningioma with intracerebral hematoma (author's transl)]. AB - A case of deep sylvian meningioma is reported which is unusual in the aspect that the initial symptoms were headache and vomiting due to intracerebral hemorrhage from meningioma. After evacuation of hematoma in the right temporal lobe and biopsy of the tumor, it was found to be meningothelial meningioma with psammoma bodies. Cerebral angiography showed characteristic findings of intrasylvian vascular tumor. Complete removal of this tumor was performed under microscopy, dissecting dense adhesion between the tumor and main branches of the middle cerebral artery. Consequently, the patient showed only slight impairment of fine movement of his left fingers. Deep sylvian meningioma designated by Cushing and Eisenhart is very rare. This case is the only one of deep sylvian meningioma in our whole series of 181 intracranial meningiomas and probably the twentieth case reported so far in the literature. PMID- 7242825 TI - [Traumatic posterior fossa epidural hematoma--especially the value of CT scan (author's transl)]. AB - Epidural hematoma in the posterior fossa is a rare clinical entity which requires the early diagnosis and treatment, and the difficulty of the diagnosis has been pointed out. However, more recently CT scan began to use to make the valuable diagnostic method for traumatic posterior fossa hematomas. Epidural hematoma may be classified as acute, subacute and chronic, according to the time of free interval or lucid interval after injury. In this paper three acute cases and two subacute cases are reported. CT findings in acute cases show two different types. "Type I" shows crescent or lenticular high density area which is not enhanced after contrast infusion. "Type II" shows lenticular low density area with membranous high density region in its medial side after contrast infusion. In subacute cases plain CT scan shows lenticular iso or low density area with membranous high density region in its medial side. Forty five cases of posterior fossa epidural hematoma in the review of the literature of this country are discussed. Disturbances of the consciousness are the most predominant symptoms in acute cases, while in subacute cases cerebellar signs, vomiting, headache and choked disc are noted. Angiographical examinations may not always be valuable in collecting the direct information of the existence of the epidural hematoma. Liquor cavity in the posterior fossa which is thought to serve as a buffer action of hematoma is about 20 ml, so we discuss about the volume of hematoma, especially of 20 ml, associated with clinical course and prognosis. Volume of epidural hematoma is one of the most important factors affecting clinical course and prognosis. In summary of these our experiences, we again emphasize the value of CT scan as the rapid, noninvasive, accurate radiological examination in the diagnosis of traumatic posterior fossa epidural hematoma. PMID- 7242826 TI - [Transient obstructive hydrocephalus of an infant following mild head injury (author's transl)]. AB - One and a half years old boy was admitted with vomiting and somnolence four days after head injury. The first CT scans taken on admission showed high density areas in the prepontine and ambient cisterns and in the aqueduct. The lateral and third ventricles were dilated, while the fourth ventricle was normal. On the 2nd hospital day he was nearly asymptomatic. The second CT scans done seven days after injury no longer revealed the high density areas and the ventricular dilatation. Vomiting is one of the most important signs for intracranial mass lesions after head injury. But children often vomit even without having mass lesions, and CT scan is useful for evaluation of such cases. In our case, vomiting was probably due to aqueductal obstruction by a small clot resulting acute hydrocephalus, as revealed by CT scans. This case suggested that transient obstructive hydrocephalus must be taken into consideration as one of causes for posttraumatic vomiting. PMID- 7242827 TI - [A case of intradual lumbo-sacral lipona in adult (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242828 TI - [A case of malignant lymphoma in the orbit--with special references to CT scan findings and surgical treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242830 TI - [The clinical significance of vascular compression in trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242829 TI - [Two cases of cerebral venous angioma--with special referrence to the neuroradiological diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242831 TI - [Computed tomographic metrizamide myelography in spinal disease (author's transl)]. AB - METHODS: Either EMT Head Scanner, CT 1010 (slice thickness 10mm) or EMI Body Scanner, CT 5005 (slice thickness 13mm) was used. The concentration of metrizamide was 170-250 mgI/microliter and the amount was 7-10 microliters. Either lumbar puncture or lateral C puncture was made. MATERIALS: 26 cases were included in this study. 1) disc disease: 11 cases, 2) spinal cord tumor: 6 cases, 3) Arnold-Chiari malformation: 3 cases, 4) atlantoaxial dislocation: 3 cases, 5) ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (associated with ossification of the ligamentum flavum): 2 cases (1 case), 6) spinal foreign body (acupuncture needle): 1 case. RESULTS: 1) CT metrizamide myelography visualizes the subarachnoid space and makes it possible to know the lesion in the spinal canal in relation to the spinal cord in transverse plane. 2) It is difficult to determine the exact level of the lesion in axial plane. 3) The present technique does not allow to visualize the root sleeves. 4) It is difficult to delineate a compression of the subarachnoid space by small localized lesions (esp., disc diseases) due to overlapping the patent adjacent subarachnoid space within a slice 10 mm to 13 mm thick. PMID- 7242832 TI - [Direct surgical treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms (author's transl)]. AB - This report discusses the surgical techniques employed in the 27 cases of giant aneurysm of the brain in which direct operations were performed at the Department of Neurosurgery of Tohoku University from 1961 to 1979. The report also provides a review of the operative results and long-term result of these cases. The conclusions are as follows: 1) Whenever possible, direct operation was implemented in all cases with the exception of infraclinoid ones. The propriety of the neck treatment greatly affected the mortality of the operation. 2) In most cases, there are more difficulties involved in radical surgery on giant aneurysms than on ordinary aneurysms. Temporary occlusion of the afferent and or efferent arteries under the administration of 800 to 1000 microliters 20% mannitol is thought to be a safe and effective method for procedures such as treatment of the aneurysmal neck. 3) In the case of a giant aneurysm of the internal carotid artery, STA-MCA anastomosis was performed before the ligation of the internal carotid artery and this method gave better results than direct operation. PMID- 7242833 TI - [Mechanism of suppression on cellular immunity in experimental brain tumor rats (author's transl)]. AB - The mechanism of the suppression on the cellular immunity was analysed in experimental brain tumor rats. The tumor used in this experiment was a 3 methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma. The tumor cell was inoculated into the caudate nucleus of the rats with a Hamilton microsyringe. When spleen cells from brain tumor rats were added to the PHA blastogenesis system, impairment of the normal lymphoproliferative response to the PHA was detected as early as on the third day and continued until the ninth day after inoculation. After the depletion of glass adherent cells, the residual cells from the spleen could not suppress the normal lymphoblastogenesis by the PHA. After the depletion of T cells by anti-T cell sera and complement, however, the residual cells from the spleen still suppressed the normal lymphoblastogenesis. Glass adherent cells were able to phagocyte the latex particles. From these findings, the suppressor cell responsible for the suppression of the normal lymphoblastogenesis by the PHA was considered to be macrophage and suppressor T cell did not play a role in the suppression of the PHA responses in this experimental model. The sera from brain tumor rats could not inhibit the proliferative responses of lymphocytes to PHA. Thus the possibility of the existence of suppressive factors in the sera was also negligible. PMID- 7242834 TI - [A case of hangman's fracture with vertebral artery fistula replaced by an aneurysm later (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242837 TI - [A case of craniopharyngioma with hyperprolactinemia in postoperative course (author's transl)]. AB - Authors report a case of craniopharyngioma with hyperprolactinemia, which was never noticed before surgical operation and showed the amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome from 7 months after surgical procedure. The patient is a 44 years old housewife. By the medication of CB-154 (Bromocriptin), the high value of plasma prolactin came to normal range and the galactorrhea disappeared, but the amenorrhea persisted. Because author was able to except the possibility of combine of PRL releasing pituitary adenoma or ectopic malignant tumors from the various examination and laboratory findings, the mechanism of secretory disturbance of PRI inhibiting factor in hypothalamus was investigated. These are 1) compression or invasion to hypothalamus through the recurrence of residual tumor, 2) mechanical focal damage of hypothalamus due to surgical manipulation, 3) side effects in hypothalamus depended on postoperative radiation and 4) others. As first element is denied in findings of postoperative CT scan, author is considering that second and third element may be possible factor. PMID- 7242836 TI - [Acute subdural hygroma in the posterior fossa (author's transl)]. AB - A 2-year-old girl was admitted to Chugoku Rosai Hospital one hour after a car accident on July 16, 1978. On admission she was conscious and no physical or neurologic abnormality was found. However, 2 hours and a half after the accident, she was attacked suddenly by generalized convulsion, and then became comatose with apnea. Bilateral horizontal nystagmus to the left, rhythmic constriction and dilation of the pupils reacting to light, and flaccid tetraplegia were recognized. Plain skull films revealed a linear fracture in the right posterior fossa, which crossed the transverse this region. A burr hole was made in the left posterior fossa, and slightly xanthochromic fluid, 30 to 40 microliter in volume, under high pressure was evacuated from the subdural space. A burr hole on the right side disclosed no abnormality. Spontaneous respiration returned immediately and consciousness became clear 5 hours after the surgery. No neurologic deficit was detect and postoperative EEG was normal. She was discharged from the hospital on July 27, 1978. Ten cases of acute subdural hygroma in the posterior fossa, including the present case, were analyzed. This lesion is able to be cured completely by a simple operation even in coma with apnea, if diagnosis made promptly and the surgery is carried out without delay. In cases of acute head injury, it is quite important to have a possibility of the infratentorial lesion in mind and to find it with the aids of plain skull film of Towne's view, CT scan, and VAG if necessary. PMID- 7242835 TI - [Rathke's cleft cyst -a case report (author's transl)]. AB - A 17-year-old male was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University Hospital because of an enlarged sella turcica which had been pointed by the skull x-ray examination performed for the facial contusion of the traffic accident. CT scan revealed an oval shaped area of hyperdensity in the center of the sella without any extrasellar extensions. After contrast administration this area showed almost no increased density. The patient had no neurological abnormalities except for hyposmia and left blindness due to the traffic accident. Endocrinological studies were normal. From these findings non-functioning intrapituitary adenoma was suspected and exploration of the sella through the transsphenoidal route was performed. When the dura mater was opened, about 1.5 microliter of white mucous colloid material was exposed. This material fully occupied the pituitary fossa and the pituitary gland was compressed upward. Histologically the cyst wall was composed of pseudostriated columnar ciliated epithelium and partially squamous metaplasia was seen. These epithelium and colloid material structure were stained by PAS-Alcian blue. The tubular gland like structure was visible in the posterior lobe adjacent to the cyst wall. The size of Rathke's cleft cyst, its pathogenesis, its findings by CT scan and surgical aspect were discussed. PMID- 7242838 TI - [The diagnosis of syringomyelia (author's transl]. AB - Seven cases are reported in which syringomyelia was confirmed by neuroradiological studies and surgical procedures. Dissociated sensory loss was noted in four patients in this series. Peripheral paresis and muscular atrophy in arms and hands were found in all seven patients. In only two of the patients the wide spinal canal were found in the lateral view of plain cervical spine films. Assimilation of the atlas to the occipital bone was seen in two patients. Arnold Chiari malformation was found by myelography and posterior fossa craniectomy in four patients. Metrizamide CT cisternography was found to be useful to demonstrate Arnold-Chiari malformation. Gas myelography was performed on six patients. A collapsing cord was demonstrated in four patients. In other two patients the study was not successful because of technical problem and the association of communicating hydrocephalus. Computed tomography, haad scanner, was done on six patients. Plain CT was not useful diagnostic study for the diagnosis of Arnold-Chiari malformation or syringomyelia. This study and other reports suggest that the most reliable radiological diagnostic method of syringomyelia is gas myelography and demonstration of the collapsing cord. CT of the spinal cord requires further improvement, however, CT with high resolution and metrizamide will improve diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 7242839 TI - [Decompressive hemicraniectomy for acute subdural or intracerebral hematoma. - Pre- and postoperative intracranial pressure and CT scan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242840 TI - [Atlanto-axial, Atlanto-occipital dislocations, developmental cervical canal stenosis in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical, biological, histopathological and laboratory data are reported on a 13 year-old male with atlanto-axial, atlanto-occipital hypermobilities, cervical canal stenosis, hypoplastic atlas and hypoplastic first rib in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. He developed frequent attacks of sudden tetraplegia or tetraparesis and numbness below C2 due to trivial neck injuries. Examination revealed marked hypermobilities of all joints the cutis elastica (Fig. 1), spastic tetraparesis and fasciculation of the tongue. Occipito-atlantal hypermobility measured by Wiesel and Rhothmans' method revealed 5 mm horizontal translation (Fig. 2). Anterior and lateral dislocations of atlanto-axial joints were marked due to laxicity of the joint. Posterior decompression of C1, laminotomy of C2,3, occipito-C2 fixation with autogenous iliac "board (3 X 6 cm, rectangular board) graft" yielded favorable results with 15 months follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first patient reported with this unusual combinations. PMID- 7242841 TI - [Two cases of pulseless disease with cerebral aneurysm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7242843 TI - [Intraventricular extravasation of contrast media through primary intraventricular hemorrhage (author's transl)]. AB - A 22-year-old woman was admitted following the sudden onset of severe headache and loss of consciousness. On admission, she was delirious with nuchal rigidity. A lumbar puncture showed bloody spinal fluid. Laboratory studies revealed no abnormalities. Her consciousness state became clear 2 days after the attack. Computerized tomography taken 7 days after the attack revealed intraventricular hemorrhage in the right trigonum. Emergent right carotid angiography was performed. The intraventricular extravasation of contrast media was shown in the region of the right trigonum. One hour after the angiography, she was semicomatose with left flaccid hemiplegia. Reexamination of computerized tomography revealed diffuse intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular intracerebral hematoma in the right parieto-temporal lobe. Emergent operation was performed and intracerebral hematoma was extirpated. Good postoperative results were obtained after ventriculoperitoneal shunting 46 days after removal of the hematoma. In our review of the literature, intraventricular extravasation of contrast media through primary intraventricular hemorrhage has not been reported.U PMID- 7242842 TI - [Two cases of the diencephalic syndrome were reported with hormonal studies (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of the diencephalic syndrome were reported with hormonal studies. The first case was initially admitted at her age of 4 years and 10 months old. Progressive visual disturbance and horizontal nystagmus had developed one year prior to the admission. Her weight gain had stopped since 10 months old. Partial removal of the hypothalamic pilocytic astrocytoma and 5,000 rad of lineac radiotherapy brought satisfactory effects on her previous symptoms. She was readmitted, however, at her age of 8 years and 10 monts old because of precocious puberty. Her breast development was in Tanner's grade 2, and her bone maturation was equivalent to one of 11 years old. Hormonal studies showed decreased urine 17 OHCS and 17-KS, elevated serum LH, E1 and E2. The CT scan disclosed some enhanced area in the vicinity of the optic chiasm, which had not changed for the last one year. The second case was admitted at his age of 10 years and 9 months old because of progressive marked emaciation of 6 months' duration. Parinaud's sign was only positive neurological finding. The CT verified enhanced areas in the pineal and chiasm. Cytological study of CSF gave the diagnosis of germinoma. Hormonal studies showed decreased urine 17-OHCS and 17-KS, decreased T3, T4, ACTH, and increased PRL as well as increased HGH. Local lineac irradiation by 5,500 rads was given, during which the enhanced area in CT disappeared and his weight gain started. Increased HGH became normalized but paradoxical response of HGH to GTT remained same. PMID- 7242844 TI - [A case of alveolar soft-part sarcoma with lung and cerebral metastasis (author's transl)]. AB - A 37-year-old housewife who had episodes of surgical removal for an alveolar soft part sarcoma of her right leg 15 years ago, and total removal for right lung metastasis 2 years ago, was admitted to our service with complaints of headache, vomiting, dyscalculia and recent memory disturbance which started about 4 months prior to admission. Neurological examination revealed papilledema and disorientation. Left carotid angiography and CT scan showed a ball-like vascular tumor in the left frontal lobe. Presumptive diagnosis of metastatic brain tumor in the left frontal lobe was made in our service. Left fronto-parietal craniotomy was carried out on Feb. 22, 1977 and total removal for the metastatic tumor were made. Specimens of the tumor showed typical feature of alveolar soft-part sarcoma histologically. Postoperative course was well and she was discharged without neurological deficits. Two years after the previous surgery for cerebral metastasis, another metastatic tumor was found in the left frontal lobe again. Total removal for this solitary metastatic tumor was performed again. Histological and electron microscopical examination was made with this tumor specimen. Typical feature of alveolar soft-part sarcoma was confirmed. She was discharged with a marked improvement of her symptoms. At present, it has been passed about a year after the second surgery on her, she is doing well without neurological deficits. Clinical features of alveolar soft-part sarcoma were discussed, especially with the comparison of clinical feature between the reported cases of Japan and the cases of foreign countries. Regarding the choice of the treatment of this tumor, total removal was seemed to be the best management. Therefore, all efforts should be focussed to discover in the earlier stage of this tumor. PMID- 7242846 TI - The pathology of multiple sclerosis--fact, fiction and hypothesis. PMID- 7242847 TI - Permeability of the perineurium of small nerve fascicles: an ultrastructural study using ferritin in rats. PMID- 7242848 TI - Variations in the perineuronal glial changes after different types of nerve lesion: light and electron microscopic investigations on the facial nucleus of the rat. AB - The perineuronal glial changes were studied by light and electron microscopy after avulsion or a crush lesion of the facial nerve in rats. The changes consisted of proliferation of microglia, ensheathment of neurons by thin astrocytic processes, and separation of the synaptic boutons from the neuronal surface. Quantitative estimates of the glial proliferation were made with the light microscope. In spite of marked differences in the acute nerve cell reaction, 4 days after the two types of lesion the glial and synaptic changes did not differ significantly. Ultimately, all changes were reversible after crush lesions, while neuronophagia occurred after nerve avulsion. It is concluded that the acute synaptic and glial reactions were not influenced by the type of nerve lesion or the severity of the nerve cell reaction, but the latter stages differed depending upon whether the neurons recovered or disintegrated. PMID- 7242845 TI - [Cervical spondylolisthesis in a 49-year-old female patient (author's transl)]. AB - Lumbar spondylolisthesis is a common condition in patients with low back pain. Cervical spondylolisthesis is however quite rare, about 20 cases have been reported in literature. A characteristic finding of this condition is absence or attenuation of pedicles of the cervical spine. All patients except one were male complaining of neck pain and or radicular pain in the arm. The frequent occurrence in males has also led to the postulation that there is a sex-linked genetic mechanism. Our patient is a second case in female and had neck and radicular pain in the distribution of right sixth cervical root. A myelogram showed an amputation of the root. On the operation a hemilaminectomy with foraminotomy of the C5 root was carried out. The patient has been free from pain after the operation for more than 1 year. PMID- 7242849 TI - The toxicity to rat cerebral cortex or topical applications of acetaldehyde, ammonia or bilirubin. AB - The relative toxicity of acetaldehyde, ammonia and bilirubin to cerebral cortex of rats has been tested by superfusion of the intact dura for 1 h with each toxin separately. The cortex was examined histologically after 6 days survival using a silver strain which selectively impregnates degenerating axons and their synaptic terminals. A tissue concentration of 30 mM acetaldehyde was found to cause axonal and terminal degeneration, whereas 11 mM acetaldehyde was not toxic, and did not produce any structural changes detectable by electron microscopy. In terms of tissue concentrations, acetaldehyde was at least 27 times more toxic than ethanol on a molar basis. However, the acetaldehyde concentration necessary to produce neuronal degeneration in a 1 h exposure is many times greater than ever reported in CSF in human alcoholism. Both ammonia and bilirubin are capable of causing neuronal degeneration, but we have not measured the tissue concentrations that are toxic. Comparison of molar concentrations in the superfusing fluids showed that ammonia is at least 39 times more toxic than acetaldehyde, and at least 1000 times more toxic than ethanol. Superfusion with an ethanolic solution of bilirubin (2.5mM) was strongly toxic, but this solution diluted to 50% with saline was not toxic. The possibility exists that ammonia or bilirubin may reach concentrations toxic to neurons in alcoholism, especially in the presence of liver damage. PMID- 7242851 TI - The mode of development of an inherited form of anencephaly in the house mouse. AB - Anencephaly in the xn strain of mouse is a condition determined by a single autosomal recessive gene. At birth, affected animals bear a cap of degenerate cerebral tissue devoid of bony covering. The early development of this malformation was studied in embryo mice from the stage of neural groove formation until after the neural tube has normally closed. The abnormal embryos could be recognized before the anterior neuropore had completely closed in normal litter mates. Detection of the cerebral malformation at this early stage of gestation suggests that the inherited murine anencephaly is due to primary failure of the neural tube to close. PMID- 7242852 TI - Comparison of brainstem and adrenal circadian patterns of epinephrine synthesis. AB - The enzyme which converts to norepinephrine to epinephrine, phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase (PNMT), is found in brain as well as in the adrenal medulla. PNMT activity is subject to regulation by glucocorticoids, hormones which have a diurnal rhythm. We asked (1) whether a diurnal fluctuation exists in adrenal and brain PNMT activity and (2) what relationship this fluctuation might have to the diurnal rhythm in circulating glucocorticoids. Rats were sacrificed at 4-hour intervals over a 24-hour period. The PNMT activity in the adrenals and brainstems of these animals was determined by radioenzymatic assay, and the plasma levels of corticosterone were measured by competitive protein binding. No significant temporal variation was found in adrenal PNMT activity. Brainstem PNMT activity, however, showed a distinct diurnal fluctuation in activity, with a nadir at 7 a.m. and a peak at 3 p.m. The rise in brainstems PNMT clearly preceded by several hours the circadian rise in plasma corticosterone. We conclude that the circadian rhythm in circulating corticosterone does not drive the diurnal variation in brain PNMT activity. In unstressed animals, injection of exogenous corticosterone failed to elevate brainstem PNMT activity, whereas injection of specific inhibitors of PNMT activity significantly elevated plasma corticosterone levels. These data raise the possibility that the converse is true: changes in epinephrine synthesis may modulate the diurnal rhythm in pituitary-adrenal activity. PMID- 7242853 TI - Persistence of circadian rhythms of melatonin and N-acetylserotonin in the serum of rats after pinealectomy. AB - To study the effect of pinealectomy (Px) on the rhythms of serum indoles, male rats were adapted to 12L:12D for 2 weeks after which half of them were Px. The animals were decapitated at 4-hour intervals 1 week after operation. Melatonin (Mel) and N-acetylserotonin (NAS) were extracted and quantified by RIA. The concentrations of serum Mel and NAS were significantly reduced after Px, suggesting that the pineal contributes a significant amount of these to the blood. However, circadian rhythms of them were not abolished by Px, indicating the existence of extrapineal sources at least one of which is capable of secreting Mel and NAS wih a diurnal rhythm. Retina is suspected to be an important source. PMID- 7242850 TI - Regional neurone damage after cerebral ischaemia in the normo- and hypoglycaemic rat. AB - Ten minutes of total cerebral ischaemia was produced in normo- and hypoglycaemic rats. The most conspicuous findings were loss of hippocampal (CA-1) pyramidal cells and Purkinje cells, which were most pronounced in the normoglycaemic rats. While pre-ischaemic hypoglycaemia to some extent protected these cells, it led to infarction of severe ischaemic nerve cell changes in the brain stem nuclei and lowered the neurological restitution of the hypoglycaemic animals. The regional damage in these rats, which were kept normotensive after ischaemia, was not due to circulatory insufficiency. However, rats with untreated spontaneous low blood pressure in the early postischaemic period showed multiple small infarcts. PMID- 7242854 TI - Photoperiodic control of reproduction in olfactory-bulbectomized rats. AB - 30-day-old male rats were (1) sham-operated or subjected to (2) removal of the olfactory bulbs, (3) olfactory bulbectomy and blinding (4) olfactory bulbectomy and pinealectomy or (5) olfactory bulbectomy, blinding and pinealectomy. Animals were exposed from 30 to 110 days of age to long-day (14 h of light per day) or short-day (8 h of light per day) photoperiods. The reproductive system of neurologically-intact rats was not affected by exposure to short days. Nor did bulbectomy affect the reproductive system of rats exposed to long days. However, bulbectomized, short-day rats had significantly lower body weights, reduced testicular and seminal vesicle weights and lower plasma testosterone levels than did bulbectomized, long-day rats. The effects of short-day exposure on bulbectomized rats were prevented by pinealectomy. Short-day exposure and blinding exerted similar effects in bulbectomized rats. The testes of rats from all groups contained elongated spermatids; blinding and short-day treatment had no effect on spermatogenesis. Neither mating behavior nor the number of young sired was influenced by photoperiod in bulbectomized or intact rats. Removal of the olfactory bulbs unmasks photoperiodic responsiveness in rats; the antigonadal effects of short-day exposure are mediated by the pineal gland in bulbectomized rats as in species traditionally designated photoperiodic. The mechanisms by which bulbectomy renders rats responsive to short days are considered. PMID- 7242855 TI - Immunocytological determination of gonadotropic and thyrotropic cells in fetal rat anterior pituitary during normal development and under experimental conditions. AB - The appearance and relative distribution of immunoreactive gonadotropic and thyrotropic cells of the anterior pituitary of normal rat fetuses were studied by immunocytology with anti-rat luteinizing hormone serum, anti-porcine luteinizing hormone beta serum, anti-bovine thyrotropic hormone serum after saturation with bovine luteinizing hormone. The thyrotropic cells appeared at 17 days of gestation. They were preferentially localized in the dorsal part of the anterior lobe. The gonadotropic cells localized in the ventral part of the same lobe, appeared 1 day later. The number of immunoreactive cells of the two populations increased until the end of gestation. In the pituitaries of 21-day-old rat fetuses encephalectomized at 16 days of gestation, the same number of gonadotropic and thyrotropic cells was observed as in control fetuses at the same age. Gonadotropic cells were also observed in rat adenohypophysial primordia explanted at 14 days of gestation and maintained in organ culture for 7 days. Thyrotropic cells were stained when the primordia were explanted at 15 days of gestation and cultured for 6 days. No immunoreactive gonadotropic or thyrotropic cells were detected when explantation was performed before 14 days of gestation. These results clarify the problem of the role of hypothalamus on the differentiation of these two cell types. PMID- 7242856 TI - Studies on muscarinic receptors in mouse and rat hypothalamus: a comparison of sex and cyclical differences. AB - The ligand binding properties of muscarinic receptors present in whole hypothalamus as well as in its three regions (preoptic area, median and posterior regions) were studied in male rats and mice, as well as in female rats during various stages of the estrous cycle, using the tritiated antagonist N-methyl-4 piperidyl benzilate. Kinetic and equilibrium analysis of antagonist binding as well as competition experiments with agonists, were used to probe the nature of the binding sites and possible differences between specific muscarinic sites in the various preparations. We could detect differences in agonist binding parameters between male and female rats in the preoptic area. In female rats binding of agonist to high affinity state is characterized by a lower affinity (27 nM) than in males (3.7 nM). Secondly, the population of agonist high affinity sites at the proestrous stage is much higher than that at other stages of cycle (66 vs. 38%). In addition, the binding properties of muscarinic receptors following intracisternal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion were investigated. This treatment resulted in a decrease of about one sixth of the total muscarinic receptors in the hypothalamus. The data are best interpreted as a degeneration of existing presynaptic muscarinic receptors located on catecholamine terminals in the hypothalamus. The pre- and postsynaptic nature of the muscarinic receptors, their localization in view of their binding properties, and their possible physiological role are discussed. PMID- 7242858 TI - Pituitary hollow fiber units in vivo and in vitro. AB - A new technique is described for the study of mammalian pituitary cells in vivo and in vitro. The method involves encapsulation of freshly trypsinized rat, sheep or human pituitary cells in XM-50 Amicon hollow fibers followed by their intracranial implantation into hypophysectomized rats. These pituitary fiber units promoted recipient growth for 3 weeks before weight gains plateaued. Body composition analyses showed that significant quantities of protein, fat and ash accounted for the weight gain. Morphological study of the capsule contents 7-39 days postimplantation revealed the presence of intact somatotrophs and corticotrophs. The hollow fibers may provide an immunologically privileged site by virtue of the fact that the 50,000 dalton pores making up the lumen surface permit pituitary hormones to diffuse from the capsule, but theoretically do not permit immunoglobulin molecules to penetrate the capsule. Growth of hypox rats receiving capsules containing allogeneic rat pituitary cells, sheep cells or pieces of human postmortem pituitary support this concept. Furthermore, rats implanted with human PRL adenoma cells had detectable quantities of circulating hPRL 100 days postimplantation. It is suggested that the pituitary hollow fiber units function when they come in contact with a ventricular surface of a hypox animal. With these units, it will be possible to study function of the same group of pituitary cells in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7242860 TI - Relationship between rhythmic motor activity and plasma luteinizing hormone in ovariectomized sheep. AB - The timing of the episodic secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in ovariectomized ewes was investigated with respect to an ultradian rest-activity cycle. Individual sheep were enclosed in a chamber where their physical activity was continuously monitored, and blood samples for LH analysis were collected at 5 min intervals through a cannula extending to the exterior of the chamber. Concurrent profiles of motor activity and plasma LH during 5-hour sampling trials were each analyzed for rhythmicity by power spectral analysis. Temporal relationships between rhythms in motor activity and plasma LH were examined by cross-spectral analysis. Both activity and plasma LH levels tended to fluctuate rhythmically, and the occurrences of rhythmicity for LH and for activity were correlated. The periods (reciprocal of frequencies) for the LH rhythms and activity rhythms were highly correlated within individuals trials, and across trials they both averaged 36 min. Cross-spectral analysis indicated that plasma LH tended to be elevated during times of either greatest or least motor activity. These results suggest a relationship between the rhythmic secretion of LH and the rest-activity cycle which may be based on a mechanism of independent entrainment to a common timing rhythm. PMID- 7242857 TI - Amygdalectomy Inhibits adrenocortical responses to somatosensory and olfactory stimulation. AB - Adrenocortical responses, as measured by plasma corticosterone, to ether stress, photic, acoustic, sciatic and olfactory stimulation, were studied in amygdalectomized and in intact rats. While amygdalectomy had no effect on the adrenocortical responses following ether stress or photic and acoustic stimulation, the responses following sciatic and olfactory stimulation were markedly reduced. These results, taken together with our previous studies, suggest that the amygdala participates in the transmission of adrenocortical responses to olfactory stimulation and has also a modulatory facilitatory effect on the adrenocortical response to somatosensory stimulation. Amygdalectomy also reduced the effect of dexamethasone on basal plasma corticosterone secretion, indicating that the amygdala may participate in the feedback regulation of pituitary-adrenal function. PMID- 7242859 TI - Pituitary hollow fiber units in the dwarf mouse. PMID- 7242861 TI - Characteristics and regulation of high affinity [3H] imipramine binding to rat hippocampal membranes. PMID- 7242862 TI - Circadian acetylcholine receptor rhythm in rat brain and its modification by imipramine. PMID- 7242863 TI - The effect of diazepam on nystagmus induced by stimulation of the lateral geniculate body in the rabbit. PMID- 7242864 TI - Muscimol-induced myoclonic jerks in mice. PMID- 7242867 TI - Behaviourally-specific hyperdipsia in the non-deprived rat following acute morphine treatment. PMID- 7242865 TI - Effect of cigarette smoke on protein synthesis in brain and liver. PMID- 7242866 TI - Protein synthesis in rat brain during sleep. PMID- 7242869 TI - Paradoxical effects of lithium on field potentials of dentate granule cells in slices of rat hippocampus. PMID- 7242870 TI - Effects of single doses of capsaicin on nociceptive thresholds in the rodent. PMID- 7242868 TI - Methionine enkephalin-induced shaking behavior in rats: dissociation from brain serotonin mechanisms. PMID- 7242871 TI - Treatment with trazodone plus phenoxybenzamine accelerates development of decreased type 2 serotonin binding in rat cortex. PMID- 7242873 TI - CNS effects of choline administration: evidence for temporal dependence. PMID- 7242872 TI - Behavioural, ECoG spectrum power and body temperature effects of BW 245C, a prostaglandin analogue after intraventricular microinjection in chicks. PMID- 7242875 TI - The anticonvulsant effects of diazepam and phenobarbital in prekindled and kindled seizures in rats. PMID- 7242874 TI - Changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid-shunt enzymes in regions of rat brain with ketamine anaesthesia. PMID- 7242876 TI - Pyrazole exacerbates handling-induced convulsions in mice. PMID- 7242877 TI - Effects of phenytoin on mouse cerebellar 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine. PMID- 7242878 TI - Calculated recovery rates in severe head trauma. AB - In a series of 120 head-injured patients, recovery rates (rr) were calculated separately on the basis of either Glasgow come scale (GCS) scores or Maryland coma scale (MCS) scores; the latter contains the three variables of the GCS, excludes unevaluable responses, and provides more information concerning the status of brain stem reflexes and motor lateralization. The early (Day 3/4 vs. Day 1) and late (Day 8/14 vs. Day 1) recovery rates from the two scales generally agree (r = 0.76; r = 0.79), but in 39 of 94 patients the MCSrr and GCSrr disagreed by more than 10%. When the MCSrr was greater than the GCSrr, it more accurately reflected a favorable outcome. Graphic representations of clinical courses through serial plots of raw scores were more reliable when unaffected by intubation, sedation, swollen eyelids, casts, etc.; this was more often achieved with serial plots of MCS scores, which are graded as percentages of testable function. Final outcomes (good/disabled vs. vegetative/dead) were well predicted by Day 1 MCS scores above or below 35% (chi 2 = 27.63; p less than 0.001) and Day 1 GCS scores above or below 7 (chi 2 = 23.21; P less than 0.001). However, in 57 very sick patients (Day 1 GCS less than or equal to 7), the GCS did no better than chance (26 good, 31 bad outcomes), whereas 20 of 26 patients with a Day 1 MCS score of less than or equal to 35% had bad outcomes. In patients with severe multiple injuries, the Maryland coma scale may provide a more sensitive index of clinical course; a Day 1 MCS raw score of less than or equal to 35% is of grave prognostic significance. PMID- 7242880 TI - Posterior circulation aneurysms in young people. PMID- 7242879 TI - Neuropathology of early and late deaths after head injury. AB - A previous study indicated that the mortality rate after severe head injury (Glasgow coma score less than or equal to 7) was higher on each of the first 2 days after injury (early deaths) than on any subsequent day (late deaths). The low Glasgow coma scores, high incidence of unreactive pupils, and refractoriness to treatment of patients dying within 48 hours of injury suggested that many such patients had sustained irreversible brain injury. To determine the extent to which events at impact sealed the fate of those dying early deaths after head injury, we compared the pathology of cases of early and late death. Of 2000 patients with head injury admitted to the neurosurgery service during a 6-year period, there were 138 deaths and 56 autopsies. Seventy-two per cent of the patients who died during the first 48 hours after injury had widespread homogenizing necrosis of neuron or direct brain stem injury, considered to represent irreversible brain damage. Only 19% of those dying later deaths had these pathological changes. Patients with severe homogenizing necrosis or direct brain stem damage were usually injured in high speed motor vehicle accidents and had low Glasgow coma scores and unreactive pupils on admission to the hospital. They usually did not have hematomas, but had brain swelling and herniations. Patients dying without homogenizing necrosis or direct brain stem injury usually were injured by blows or falls, usually had hematomas, and less often had unreactive pupils and low Glasgow coma scores on admission. The findings suggest that there is a significant irreducible mortality rate after head injury incurred in high speed motor vehicle accidents. Recognition of such cases is important in the comparison of series and in the evaluation of treatment for head injury. PMID- 7242881 TI - Hemicraniectomy for acute massive cerebral infarction. PMID- 7242882 TI - Radiation necrosis after treatment of solitary intracranial metastases. AB - During the period from July 1977 to June 1980, 75 patients underwent the surgical excision of solitary brain metastases, and 61 of these patients received whole brain radiation. Three patients developed chronic radiation necrosis. In the 3 patients with necrosis, computed tomography suggested recurrent tumor; the histological diagnosis of necrosis only was obtained at operation in 2 of these patients and by autopsy in the third. Radiation damage resulted in the death of 1 patient, a chronic vegetative state in another, and severe neurological deficit in the third. An additional 4 patients had neurological complications probably related to radiation therapy. As the survival of such patients is prolonged by aggressive treatment, the incidence of radiation-induced complications is likely to increase. The optimal dose of radiation necessary to destroy microscopic foci of tumor after the surgical resection of a single brain metastasis is unknown. Because of the significant incidence of damage after radiation as currently delivered, studies using graded, lower doses are indicated. PMID- 7242883 TI - Microsurgery of the third ventricle: Part I. Microsurgical anatomy. AB - The 3rd ventricle is one of the most surgically inaccessible areas in the brain. It is impossible to reach its cavity without incising some neural structures. Twenty-five cadaveric brains were examined in detail to evaluate the surgically important relationships of the walls of the 3rd ventricle. The routes through which the 3rd ventricle can be reached are (a) from above, through the foramen of Monro and the roof after entering the lateral ventricle through the corpus callosum or the cerebral cortex; (b) from anterior, through the lamina terminalis; (c) from below, through the floor if it has been stretched by tumor; and (d) from posterior, through the pineal region or from the posterior part of the lateral ventricle through the crus of the fornix. The posterior part of the circle of Willis and the basilar artery are intimately related to the floor, the anterior part of the circle of Willis and the anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries are related to the anterior wall, and the posterior cerebral artery supplies the posterior wall. The deep cerebral venous system is intimately related to the 3rd ventricle; the internal cerebral vein is related to the roof, and the basal vein is related to the floor. The junction of these veins with the great veins forms a formidable obstacle to the operative approach to the pineal gland and the posterior part of the 3rd ventricle. PMID- 7242884 TI - Microsurgery of the third ventricle: Part 2. Operative approaches. AB - The operative approaches to the 3rd ventricle are divided on the basis of whether they are suitable for reaching the anterior or posterior part of the 3rd ventricle. The approaches suitable for lesions within or compressing the anterior portion of the 3rd ventricle are the trans-sphenoidal, subfrontal, frontotemporal, subtemporal, anterior transcallosal, and anterior transventricular. The approaches suitable for reaching the posterior portion of the 3rd ventricle are the posterior transcallosal, posterior transventricular, occipital transtentorial, and infratentorial supracerebellar. Considerations important in selecting one of these approaches are reviewed. PMID- 7242885 TI - Technique for C-1, C-2, and C-3 fixation in cases of odontoid fracture. PMID- 7242886 TI - Giant arteriovenous malformation of the vein of Galen: total surgical removal. PMID- 7242887 TI - Cerebellar infarction with associated acute hydrocephalus due to vertebral artery occlusion in a child. PMID- 7242889 TI - Compression of the ulnar nerve in Guyon's Canal by a soft tissue giant cell tumor. PMID- 7242888 TI - Extracranial metastases of oligodendroglioma: report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 7242890 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Czechoslovakia. PMID- 7242891 TI - Acromegaly: analysis of 132 cases treated surgically. AB - The surgical treatment of 132 acromegalics is analyzed. There was an equal sex distribution among patients between the ages of 30 and 59. In the younger patients there was a preponderance of males, and the opposite situation occurred in patients older than 59 years. The overall cure rates were 58% (growth hormone (GH) less than 5 ng/ml) and 78% (GH less than 10 ng/ml). Endocrinological evidence of cure was observed most commonly in patients who exhibited preoperative GH values below 70 ng/ml. PMID- 7242893 TI - Microsurgical and standard removal of the protruded lumbar disc: a comparative study. AB - The operation of lumbar discectomy has been improved steadily since its introduction by Mixter and Barr in 1934. The present standard operation represents an accumulation of techniques that became available to succeeding generations of neurosurgeons. The addition of microsurgical technique may be the most recent means to refine the process of lumbar discectomy. One hundred cases of microsurgical discectomy were compared to the same number of standard operations, all performed by one surgeon and analyzed by another. The patient profiles were the same; the operative results showed that the standard discectomy was of good quality and that microsurgical discectomy could equal it; in comparing postoperative results, however, microsurgical discectomy was superior to the standard operation: patients returned to their usual activities in half the time. The advantage of the microsurgical technique is its capacity to preserve better the integrity of normal tissue and to impose less trauma on the body. From this analysis, we conclude that microsurgical discectomy represents a small but significant refinement of standard discectomy. PMID- 7242892 TI - Occurrence and implications of seizures in subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms. AB - The records of 100 consecutive cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm were reviewed to determine the incidence and the prognostic implications of seizures during the acute phase. Seizures occurred in 26% of the patients. Sixty-three per cent of the seizures occurred near the onset of the initial hemorrhage. The occurrence of these early seizures did not correlate with the location of the aneurysm or the prognosis. Most of the remaining seizures occurred immediately after rebleeding, with no greater morbidity or mortality compared to all patients who rebled. Pathogenic mechanisms of seizures associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage are proposed and discussed. PMID- 7242895 TI - Epidural hematomas of the posterior cranial fossa. PMID- 7242894 TI - Biological features of meningiomas that determine the production of cerebral edema. AB - Although meningiomas are known to cause varying degrees of cerebral edema, the relative importance of their location, size, histological subtype, and other histological features in the production of cerebral edema has not been studied adequately. Therefore, we undertook a retrospective analysis of 43 meningiomas excised between 1975 and 1980. The results indicate that histological subtype has no relationship to the production of cerebral edema, with one exception. Meningiomas containing partly or completely a hemangiopericytic component were the only histological subtype associated consistently with cerebral edema. The location of a meningioma per se may not determine the production of cerebral edema. A relationship between size, aggressive histological features, vascular proliferative changes, and the production of cerebral edema was seen. The need for and the nature of further studies required to explain the cerebral edema that may be associated with small meningiomas are discussed. PMID- 7242897 TI - Temporary microvascular occluder. PMID- 7242898 TI - Vertebrobasilar insufficiency from carotid disease associated with a trigeminal artery. PMID- 7242896 TI - Spatial distribution of edema in the cat spinal cord after impact injury. PMID- 7242899 TI - Development of intracranial saccular aneurysms: report of two cases. PMID- 7242900 TI - Progressive hydrocephalus as a complication of cervical internal carotid artery occlusion in a 4-year-old child. PMID- 7242901 TI - Intraperitoneal pseudocyst associated with peritoneal shunt. PMID- 7242902 TI - Visual loss from pituitary tumor masked by optic nerve drusen. PMID- 7242903 TI - Hyperprolactinemia, hypopituitarism, and chiasmal compression due to carcinoma metastatic to the pituitary. PMID- 7242904 TI - Painless footdrop secondary to lumbar disc herniation: report of two cases. PMID- 7242906 TI - Brain death. PMID- 7242905 TI - Intraneural ganglion: a case report with electron microscopic observations. AB - We report a case of common peroneal mononeuropathy caused by an intraneural ganglion in a 9-year-old boy. The mass and the contiguous nerve fascicles were excised under the operating microscope. Histologically, the cyst wall was composed of layers of elongated cells merging with fascicles that exhibited changes suggestive of a pressure-ischemia effect. Electron microscopy showed that the cells forming cyst wall were myofibroblasts, similar to the cells found in ganglia arising from joints elsewhere in the body. A review of the English literature on intraneural ganglia discloses 44 additional cases, of which 86% involved the common peroneal nerve. The most common clinical feature was motor dysfunction (followed by pain, sensory loss, and the presence of a palpable mass), and a significant male predominance is noted. The pathogenesis of this nerve lesion is discussed in light of our findings. PMID- 7242907 TI - Injury to cranial nerves during carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 7242908 TI - Percutaneous third ventriculostomy. PMID- 7242909 TI - Tension pneumocephalus. PMID- 7242911 TI - Density of optic terminals in half tecta of goldfish with compressed retinotectal projections. PMID- 7242910 TI - Microglia-like cells in the chicken ciliary ganglion. PMID- 7242912 TI - The effect of long-term immobilization on the motor unit population of the cat medial gastrocnemius muscle. PMID- 7242913 TI - The water spaces in cholinergic synaptic vesicles from Torpedo measured by changes in density induced by permeating substances. PMID- 7242914 TI - Purification of small dense vesicles from stimulated Torpedo electric tissue by glass bead column chromatography. PMID- 7242916 TI - Noradrenaline content correlated to matrix density in small noradrenergic vesicles from rat seminal ducts. PMID- 7242915 TI - Changes in the biochemical and biophysical parameters of cholinergic synaptic vesicles on transmitter release and during a subsequent period of rest. PMID- 7242918 TI - What should a biochemistry of learning and memory be about? PMID- 7242917 TI - The effect of tryptolines (1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines) on monoamine metabolism and the platelet aggregation response in human platelets. PMID- 7242919 TI - Quantitative methods for predicting neuronal behavior. PMID- 7242922 TI - Time-course of alterations in morphine-induced analgesia and nociceptive threshold following medullary raphe lesions. PMID- 7242920 TI - Fiber architecture of the dentate gyrus following ablation of the entorhinal cortex in rats of different ages: evidence for two forms of axon sprouting in the immature brain. PMID- 7242921 TI - Possible morphological bases for synchronisation of neuronal firing in the rat supraoptic nucleus during lactation. PMID- 7242923 TI - The F.O. Schmitt Lecture in Neuroscience 1980. The relationship between function and energy metabolism: its use in the localization of functional activity in the nervous system. PMID- 7242925 TI - [Primary ventricular fibrillation (PVF) in myocardial infarct. Observations on a group of patients hospitalized in the Coronary Unit]. PMID- 7242926 TI - [The modality of the sinus responses to programmed atrial stimulation in sino atrial dysfunctions. Definition of the bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome]. PMID- 7242924 TI - [Myocardial infarct. Lipoprotein lipase in the myocardium and the infarct]. PMID- 7242927 TI - [The X, Y and Z orthogonal leads of the Frank vectorial system. An alternative to the precordial mapping of the ST segment in evaluation of ischemic damage in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7242928 TI - [Alveolo-capillary diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide in mitral stenosis]. PMID- 7242929 TI - [Recording of the digital sphygmic activity in the lower extremities with the photoplethysmographic and strain-gauge methods. Morphology of the sphygmic wave and determination of systolic pressure in normal and arteriopathic subjects]. PMID- 7242931 TI - [The axillo-femoral bypass with the Gore-Tex prosthesis (PTFE: poly-tetra-fluoro ethylene)]. PMID- 7242930 TI - [Radioimmunological determination of digitalis in the blood during treatment with beta-methyldigoxin in patients with different degrees of renal function]. PMID- 7242932 TI - [Complete left branch block during treatment with adriamycin. Description of a clinical case]. PMID- 7242933 TI - [Evaluation of thyroid hormones in patients with peripheral arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7242934 TI - [Occult carotid occlusions. Doppler sonographic studies in a hospitalized population of geriatric age]. PMID- 7242935 TI - [Electrocardiographic problems in patients with pacemakers. II. The transoperative electrocardiogram, site and efficiency of cardiac stimulation]. PMID- 7242936 TI - [Experimental study of the revascularization syndrome]. PMID- 7242937 TI - [Problems connected with the removal of intracardiac cavi-electrodes after long term implantation. Validity of the intermittent progressive traction method]. PMID- 7242939 TI - [Effects of beta-methasone on serum creatine kinase release in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7242938 TI - [Reimplantation of the vertebral artery in the carotid in a case of vertebro basilar arterial insufficiency. Report of a case]. PMID- 7242940 TI - [Congenital atrioventricular block. Apropos of a clinical case]. PMID- 7242941 TI - [Retrospective analysis in patients hospitalized in a coronary unit for acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7242943 TI - [Analysis of the CK and CK-MB enzyme curves in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7242942 TI - [Significance of hemodynamic monitoring in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7242944 TI - [Clinical significance of the determination of lidocaine and anti-arrhythmic drugs in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7242945 TI - [Indications for temporary electrostimulation in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7242946 TI - [Evaluation of the usefulness of hospitalization in the coronary unit of aged patients with acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7242948 TI - [Myocardial infarct and the coronary care unit. Acquired experience and future objectives]. PMID- 7242949 TI - [Significance of the use of the Personal Mini-computer in the medical and health field]. PMID- 7242947 TI - [Lipoproteins and coronary cardiopathy]. PMID- 7242950 TI - [Introduction to the management of "coagulopathies" in anesthesia and resuscitation]. PMID- 7242951 TI - [Physiopathology of hemostasis]. PMID- 7242953 TI - [Special aspects of coagulopathies as risk factors in anesthesia, resuscitation and intensive therapy]. PMID- 7242954 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation: clinical and anatomo-pathological aspects]. PMID- 7242955 TI - [Prevention and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Conclusions]. PMID- 7242952 TI - [Hemorrhagic diatheses caused by coagulation factor deficit and by primary hyperfibrinolysis]. PMID- 7242956 TI - [Anesthesia for pleuroscopy. Importance of intubation with the Carlens tube for a selective diagnosis of emphysematous bullae in primary spontaneous pneumothorax]. AB - A brief account of the origin of spontaneous pneumothorax and the indications for pleuroscopy in thoracopulmonary surgery is followed by an explanation of the advantages of this method in the selective detection of emphysematous bullae, their number and size, and the state of the lung parenchyma. The evaluation of these parameters is essential to the planning of oriented surgery. A general anaesthesia technique employing a Carlens tube in selective intubation is also illustrated. By permitting separate ventilation of the lungs this method allows a selective diagnosis to be made of emphysematous bullae (including microbullae), and prevents all forms of acute respiratory distress. PMID- 7242957 TI - [Problems of anesthesia and resuscitation in the extraction of tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies in children]. AB - After briefly considering the high incidence of foreign bodies found in the bronchi of children, and some characteristics connected with their nature, the early and late complications that may occur as a results are illustrated. Resuscitation and anaesthesia techniques are then described, stress being laid on the importance of the ketamine-TCT injection and local anaesthetic association. The latter has proved most effective in personal cases as it resolves the laryngotracheo-bronchial spasm responsible for asphyctic crisis and prevents any dangerous deepening of narcosis during bronchoscopic manoeuvres for the extraction of the foreign body. PMID- 7242958 TI - [Prevention of myalgias caused by succinylcholine with a small dose of a non depolarizing muscle relaxant]. AB - Precurarisation with 1 mg/15 kg d-tubocurarine was given before 1.5 mg/kg succinylcholine to obtain muscle relaxation for tracheal intubation in 100 patients, whereas 1 mg/kg succinylcholine only was administered to 100 controls. Serious postoperative myalgia fell from 8% to 0%, and forms of average intensity from 21% to 8% in the curarised group. Muscle resolution was regarded as satisfactory in 96% (98% in the controls). The effectiveness and degree of safety of this combination are discussed, together with the indications and contraindications for the employment of the technique in the prevention of myalgia induced by succinylcholine. PMID- 7242959 TI - [Method of separating volatile anesthetics from gaseous mixtures in which they are contained]. AB - A technique for separating volatile anaesthetics from the gaseous mixtures in which they are contained is reported. It consists of the absorption of vapours by bubbling the mixture in fluid solvents belonging to the glycol group. The results show that the principles described can be applied in practice as the technique is able to ensure the almost complete absorption of anesthetic vapours for the duration of an operating session lasting five hours. PMID- 7242960 TI - [Separation of halothane and enflurane from propylene glycol solutions]. PMID- 7242961 TI - [The oculocardiac reflex in strabismus surgery]. PMID- 7242963 TI - [Use of potassium canrenoate in cardiosurgery]. AB - The influence of canrenoate of potassium, a new injectable antialdosteronic, on serum, urinary and intraerythrocyte ionograms has been evaluated as part of a random controlled study on patients submitted to ECC heart surgery. The results show that the drug maintains correct ionic homoestasis and gradualises and potentiates diuresis, in association with furosemide. The possible clinical implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 7242962 TI - [A promising method of truncal anesthesia under study: segmental peridural spinal anesthesia]. PMID- 7242965 TI - [Analgesia in labor with continuous--drip venous perfusion of ketamine]. AB - A personal opinion on the way analgesia should be piloted in labour is expressed and reference is made to personal results with continuous venous drip perfusion of ketamin with a SIC P77 infusional pump in 110 cases. The data from the series are described and particular attention is given to the behaviour of the drug with respect to uterine dynamics and the incidence of instrumental intervention. Stress is laid on the considerable benefits offered by the method, including reduction of the labour period and good maternal and foetal tolerance. PMID- 7242966 TI - [Regional anesthesia and pharmacological hypnosis]. AB - Regional - mostly spinal and epidural - anaesthesia associated with pharmacological hypnosis in approximately fifty general surgery and orthopaedic patients is described. The advantage of this type of management is that patients are sedated during the operation and in the post-operative period, coupled, in the latter situation, with a good antalgic effect. PMID- 7242964 TI - [Particles in infusion fluids. Preventive effectiveness of terminal filters. Comparative study]. AB - The main particles present in solutions for parenteral use are potentially harmful. Current industrial technologies are not yet capable of supplying products that are entirely free of corpusculated substances. In addition, the latter increase in direct proportion to the number of handlings that are carried out by hospital staff in the preparation of infusion treatments. Filters capable of cutting down the number of infused particles are suggested for application to defluxion devices. Three such filters currently available on the Italian market are examined. The filter with 0.45 mu diameter holes proved capable of minimising the amount for particles without provoking an appreciable interference with the defluxion times of the solutions used in the experiments. PMID- 7242967 TI - [Hemoperfusion with activated carbon in the treatment of exogenous acute poisoning]. AB - Reference is made to results obtained at the University of Messina Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation department with an "Emoadsorb" haemodepurator set in 18 patients with serious exogenous toxicosis. The criteria used in the indication of this treatment include the seriousness of the clinical picture and quantitative and qualitative assessment of the poison in the blood. A key feature of the system used was a highly biocompatible, hydroxyethylmetacrylate membrane coating the activated carbon, capable of subtracting toxins in a 300-5000 p.m. range. The effectiveness of the method was appraised clinically and by gas chromatography, to quantify the amount of poison in the blood before and after treatment. Rapid detoxication was obtained in 16/18 cases. It is therefore felt that extracorporeal haemodepuration with A.C. is a sound form of management in cases of acute exogenous toxicosis, and should be more widely employed in resuscitation departments. PMID- 7242969 TI - [Distilled water and the epidural space]. PMID- 7242970 TI - [Elective surgical treatment of esophageal varices. Current status of the problem]. PMID- 7242971 TI - [Is there an ideal surgical operation for non-complicated duodenal ulcer?]. PMID- 7242972 TI - [Interview with the President of the Organizational Committee of the International Congress of Surgeons, Prof. Manuel Lopez Portillo. Mexico City]. PMID- 7242968 TI - [Thromboembolic complications in resuscitation and intensive care. Clinical and therapeutic considerations]. AB - The Authors, on the ground of the data of the experience of the Reanimation and Intensive Care Department (Palermo University), emphasize that the patients admitted in these units are "high risk patients" for thrombosis and embolism diseases for the invasive techniques used, for stillness, shock and politrauma. The Authors recommend an adequate prophilaxis also if often very difficult and emphasize that using Urokynase and Calcium-Heparin recovers the illness of thrombo-embolic complications also if prognosis remain non modified in the pulmonary general form. PMID- 7242973 TI - [Acquisitions and prospects of angiology in Italy]. PMID- 7242974 TI - [A new family physician]. PMID- 7242975 TI - [Angiograpic examinations in angiosurgery in the light of regulations on the practice of roentgen diagnosis]. PMID- 7242977 TI - [Innovations in gastroenterology at St. Mark's Hospital]. PMID- 7242976 TI - [Marginal notes on university reform]. PMID- 7242978 TI - [Tumors of the breast]. PMID- 7242980 TI - [Calendar of surgical congresses]. PMID- 7242979 TI - [Treatment of megaesophagus today]. PMID- 7242981 TI - [The prognostic elements in the surgical treatment of ruptured aneurysms of the subrenal aorta]. AB - Personal experience and conclusions are reported after a review of the literature on rupturing aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. After considering some clinical data, which are features of this pathology, particularly prolonged hypotension, anuria and infarction of mesentery as negative prognostic elements, the diagnoses calling for hospitalisation, the causes of death, the interval between onset of symptomatology, admittance and surgery are examined and pointers sought with a view to improving results. PMID- 7242983 TI - [A simple technical procedure for the surgical treatment of essential varices of the lower limbs]. PMID- 7242982 TI - [Current status of lumbar gangliectomy in the surgical treatment of chronic arteriopathies of the lower extremities]. AB - Stress is laid on the important role that lumbar gangliectomy has acquired among treatments of chronic arteriopathies of the lower extremities. For patients at Leriche 2nd stage and suffering from obstructions confined to the superficial femoral, no other treatment would appear to boast such high success percentages over time. General surgeons are invited to make use of this comparatively simple and certainly effective intervention, in consideration of the fact, among others, that the few vascular surgery centres in existence are not in a position to meet the flow of requests from the arteriopathics who apply to them. PMID- 7242984 TI - [Bilateral carcinoma of the breast]. AB - In the light of literature and personal experience the Authors analyse the problem of bilateral breast cancer. Distinction between primary cancer (synchronous or metachronous) and metastasis in the second breast is made on the bases of clinical and histological criteria. Lobular cancer, either in situ of infiltrating, has a higher incidence of bilaterality. Aethiology, incidence, prognostic significance of the second cancer are briefly discussed; particularly, it is emphasized that there is a "high risk" group of patients in which the incidence of primary contralateral cancer is much higher. The Authors stress the importance of clinical examination of the other breast at the time of initial mastectomy for a proven breast cancer. The risk of metachronous cancer may be prevented by prophylactic contralateral mastectomy in the "high risk" patients or by random biopsy of the opposite breast in all the patients undergoing surgical therapy for cancer in the first breast. It is opinion of the Authors that early diagnosis may be also obtained if the patients are carefully followed by regular physical examinations and by diagnostic aids (mammography, ultrasonography, thermography). PMID- 7242985 TI - [Current trends in reconstruction of the breast after mastectomy for carcinoma]. PMID- 7242986 TI - [Use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of breast pathology in our personal experience]. AB - A deep examination of the literature till now available as well as personal experience, shows the advantages and the simple use of the fine needle aspiration method both for the diagnosis of tumours and other not neoplastic lesions. This method can be easily executed, it is painless, a high accuracy can be achieved also in clinically doubt cases and in early tumours. The authors think that the use of this method will spread rapidly because of its effectiveness and convenience. PMID- 7242987 TI - [Fibroadenoma of the breast in a girl of prepuberal age]. PMID- 7242988 TI - ["Spontaneous" esophageal perforation. A rare emergency for surgical treatment]. AB - Spontaneous esophageal perforation is a rare but not-exceptional occurrence. Its polymorphous symptomatology often prevents the early diagnosis. Surgery is the therapy of choice. The treatment is variable according to early or late diagnosis, severity of the lesion and associated conditions such as mediastinal sepsis, hydropneumothorax and loss of water, electrolytes and proteins. The mortality rate among the untreated patients is highest when compared with the treated ones (90-100% versus 28-65%). A conservative approach is justified only in the case of bad general conditions, contraindicating thoracotomy. A wide review of the surgical managements is given. PMID- 7242989 TI - [Hyperplastic polyposis of a gastrojejunal anastomosis]. AB - Only two cases of hyperplastic polyposis of the gastrojejunal anastomosis are reported in the literature. Reference is made to a personal case with singular clinical and diagnostic features, stress being laid on the endoscopic appearance of the multiple polyps encircling the anastomotic line. The risk of malignancy is negligible and endoscopic excision is the rational step. If histobiotic definition is impossible, destructive surgery should follow. PMID- 7242990 TI - [Schwannoma of the rectum. Clinico-therapeutic study]. AB - On the basis of a case of rectal Schwannoma and a review of the literature on this rare condition, stress is laid on the clinical features, diagnostic difficulties and indicated surgical therapy approaches. The need for radical operation, because of the tendency of the form to recur locally and because of the real possibility of malignant degeneration in this event, is stressed. Emphasis is also laid on the problem of making a certainly benign diagnosis even histologically. PMID- 7242992 TI - [Possible causal factors in postoperative immunodepression]. AB - The relationships between postoperative immunodepression and duration of general anesthesia, volume of blood transfusions, cortico-steroid administrations and amount of surgical trauma have ben studied, in cancer patients undergoing radical operations. Postoperative depression of cellular immunity, assayed by the lymphocyte blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin, was significantly correlated with the amount of surgical trauma and did not correlate with blood transfusions and corticosteroid administrations, nor with the duration of anesthesia. PMID- 7242994 TI - [Surgical treatment of biliary lithiasis associated with acquired valvulopathy]. AB - Personal experience in the treatment of acquired valvulopathies and biliary calculosis in one operating stage is reported. After examination the risk factors determining onset of bile calculosis in valvulopathic patients, the surgical techniques adopted and the special advantages obtained by associating the two operations at the same session are illustrated. PMID- 7242993 TI - [Ultrasonics diagnosis of venous thrombosis]. AB - Ultrasound phlebosonometry was employed in the examination of 54 subjects with phlebosonometric acute or recurrent in 20, chronic in 34 cases. The results of one or more phlebosonometric examinations were compared with the phlebograms. It was found that ultrasound investigation was reliable more for high (91%) than for low (65%) lesions and for acute (85%) as opposed to chronic (70%) thrombosis. The method is seen as of great importance in cases of phlebothrombosis, especially in acute femoroiliac forms. Even though it is a qualitative examination, and hence cannot take the place of angiography, it can nevertheless limit the use of the latter in cases where it could be dangerous. PMID- 7242991 TI - [2 cases of biliary ileus]. AB - Successful enterotomy and the removal of large calculi blocked in the small intestine in two cases of biliary ileus are reported. The aetiopathogenesis, clinical picture and treatment of this form are also described. In the first case, the calculus was discovered about 1 metre from the Treitz fascia, in the second, about 1 1/2 metres from the ileocaecal valve. PMID- 7242995 TI - [Chronic intestinal metastases of achromic cutaneous melanoma]. PMID- 7242997 TI - [Intestinal occlusion in colo-rectal cancer]. AB - A comparison was made between 73 patients with colon-rectum neoplasia operated urgently due to occlusion and 85 electively operated in the absence of mechanical ileus. Six parameters were examined: 1) Duration of preoperative symptomatology; 2) Seriousness of preoperative symptomatology; 3) Extention of neoplasia at surgery; 4) Type of operation; 5) Postoperative mortality; 6) Long-term survival. It was found that obstruction often occurs within 5 months after the onset of symptoms and in cases where the tumour is still local (55%). It is attended by higher postoperative mortality (22%) and shorter survival (18 as opposed to 23 months). PMID- 7242996 TI - [Tumors of the breast]. PMID- 7242999 TI - [Technical measures for production of lymphatico-venous anastomoses]. PMID- 7242998 TI - [Lymphatico-venous anastomosis in the treatment of lymphedema of the extremities. Postoperative volumetric controls]. PMID- 7243001 TI - [Value of the use of tissue adhesive (Braun Histoacryl) and its importance as a safety measure in difficult anastomoses]. AB - In an experimental and then clinical investigation, the intention has been to demonstrate that tissue adhesive (Histoacryl Braun) is a useful safety factor in a wide variety of difficult intestinal sutures, in both emergency surgery and in that of choice. Experiments were carried out on about a hundred rabbits which received colic anastomosis, after clean, complete section, anastomosis of the viscera, with four cardinal sutures in 000 silk and the remaining suture of a diameter of about 3 cm with adhesive. This stage having been surmounted with excellent results, work continued with the experiment in emergency surgery and surgery of choice, on the basis of the criterion of greater safety as a complement of the traditional high dehiscence risk suture technique. The clinical results obtained thus far have been encouraging enough to suggest its experiments. PMID- 7243000 TI - [Serous membrane of the jejunal loop used as a "patch" in the repair of loss of substance in the common bile duct. Clinical and experimental study]. PMID- 7243002 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine]. PMID- 7243003 TI - [A case of Menetrier's disease]. PMID- 7243004 TI - [The Boerhaave syndrome]. PMID- 7243006 TI - [The future of thalassemia]. PMID- 7243005 TI - [Varicose veins]. PMID- 7243007 TI - [Our experience in screening and genetic counseling for beta-thalassemia]. PMID- 7243010 TI - [Theoretical distribution and frequency of Cooley's disease in Italy]. PMID- 7243009 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies on the DNA of amniotic fluid fibroblasts]. PMID- 7243008 TI - [Acceptance of school screening by microcythemic families]. PMID- 7243012 TI - [Frequency of microcythemias in the provinces of Latium]. PMID- 7243011 TI - [Trend in mortality of Mediterranean anemia in Italy]. PMID- 7243014 TI - [Alpha- and beta-thalassemia genotypes in the Po delta]. PMID- 7243013 TI - [Screening of microcythemias in the school population of Latium]. PMID- 7243017 TI - [Epidemiology and classification of genotypic microcythemias and hemoglobinopathies in Campania. 20 years of research]. PMID- 7243015 TI - [Organizational aspects of a comprehensive program of thalassemia prevention in Lombardy]. PMID- 7243018 TI - [Microcythemic (or thalassemic) genotypes in Calabria]. PMID- 7243016 TI - [The Milan experience in screening for hemoglobinopathies]. PMID- 7243019 TI - [Intermittent retrograde transcardial gastroesophageal prolapse. Clinical picture. Endoscopic aspects. Radiographic study]. AB - Intermittent transcardial prolapse and/or gastroesophageal invagination take place in some 16% of upper digestive tract endoscopies. The clinical picture may correspond to episodic epigastric symptomatology, massive digestive haemorrhage, and recurrent paroxystic heart rhythm disturbances. Prolapse can be recorded with a spot camera by means of an easy technique, so that its association with hiatal hernia, gastroesophageal reflux, peptic oesophagitis, etc. can be studied. Treatment is that applicable to cardiac incontinence and peptic oesophagitis. PMID- 7243020 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin in the metabolic control of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7243021 TI - [Macrocytosis and anemia in chronic alcoholism. Correlation with the results of hepatic needle biopsy]. AB - Clinical and laboratory observations were made on 220 chronic alcoholics, regularly taking at least 150 g of alcohol daily. Haematological data concerning white blood cells, platelets and red cells counts, mean corpuscolar volume, hemoglobin and serum iron in these patients were compared with control values obtained from 150 healthy teetotal subjects. Hematological changes in chronic alcoholics were correlated with histological liver damages in transcutaneous needle-biopsies. No statistical differences were evident for white cells and platelets counts and for serum iron content; however, in chronic alcoholics, serum iron content showed a great dispersion around the mean. Mean corpuscolar volume (MCV) was significantly increased (P less than 0,001) in chronic alcoholics (even in those with a normal liver biopsy) but there was no significant difference in the degree and the incidence of macrocytosis between patients showing normal liver appearances or fatty changes only, and those showing more severe damage, i.e, acute alcoholic hepatitis (with or without steatosis), central hyaline-sclerosing necrosis and or hepatofibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. No significant difference was seen between male and female alcoholics. Macrocytosis may be considered as an early marker for alcoholism but it does not correlate with the type of histological liver damage. Hemoglobin levels were significantly reduced in chronic alcoholics (P less than 0,01): the degree and incidence of anemia were more severe in those patients with advanced liver diseases and in female alcoholics. There is no statistically significant correlation between macrocytosis and anemia. PMID- 7243022 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygen and the lung. Pulmonary diffusion in divers with intense and long-term exposure]. AB - The effect on pulmonary diffusing capacity of intermittent exposure to hyperbaric oxygen was evaluated in four subjects after 35-38 years from beginning of diving activity. Exposure was of 4600-6000 hours. Pressure till 4 ATA. No remarkable impairment of lung diffusing capacity was found PMID- 7243023 TI - [Sudden and fluctuating hearing loss in divers. Clinical cases and pathogenetic hypotheses]. AB - The authors examined 186 professional and 300 occasional divers finding 12 cases of sudden deafness and 3 cases of real hearing fluctuations. Supporting and producing factors are described, pathogenical hypotesis are formulated and medical therapy is suggested. PMID- 7243024 TI - [Physiopathology of fin swimming. I. Kinesiologic aspects]. PMID- 7243025 TI - [Physiopathology of fin swimming. II. Clinical data]. AB - The Authors have carried out a comparative clinical study on the effects caused by the use of several types of fins: with short and soft propeller, long fiber propeller and monofin. The results achieved demonstrate that the use of short fins does not cause any pathogenic effect, while the incidence of inflammatory tendon injuries and of sciatica is remarkable in those persons who employ the other types of fins. Therefore the Authors believe that the use of long and rigid fins or of monofin must be interdict to young people at the age of development in order to avoid the establishment of permanent body's injuries. PMID- 7243026 TI - [Practical aspects of the treatment of gas gangrene with hyperbaric oxygen]. PMID- 7243027 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in thrombotic occlusion of the central retinal vein]. AB - The thrombosis of the retina's central vein is a monocular disease and generally touches old women. It causes failure of the sight and lessening of vision field. Experiences in the treatment of three cases with hyperbaric oxygen are reported. It is concluded that this treatment can be advantageously used in this disease. PMID- 7243028 TI - [Treatment of cerebral ischemia with hyperbaric therapy]. PMID- 7243029 TI - [Postoperative hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the rat jejuno-ileal bypass. Preliminary note]. AB - Experimental investigation of complications following jejunoileal by-pass in Wistar rats, treated with doxycycline, metronidazole, special diets and hyperbaric oxygen is reported. Hyperbaric management may even lead to worse liver function, contrary to what is observed in rats subjected to hyperbaric oxygen after a hyperlipidic diet. PMID- 7243030 TI - [Endotoxins in the plasma and ascitic fluid of the cirrhotic patient. Their clinical significance]. AB - The endotoxin presence was tested by Limulus Lysate Test (LLT) in plasma and ascites of 29 patients with cirrhosis, all having demonstrable portal hypertension and ascite. It was positive in plasma in 7 cases (24.1%) and in ascite in 12 cases (73.12%). All the cases with endotoxin in the plasma were positive in ascite too. 21 patients presented porto-sistemic encephalopathy from 1 to 4 grade, 1 case only had the clinical features of hepatorenal syndrome. The CHE and protrombin test values were significantly different in LLT positive patients in plasma and ascite respect to the values of negative ones. PMID- 7243031 TI - [Exploration of the optic and somatosensory pathways with cerebral evoked potentials]. AB - Visual and somatosensorial evoked potentials are the electrical response, recorded on the scalp, that follows the presentation of visual and sensorial stimuli. After briefly mentioning the technical premises enabling evoked responses to be obtained from EEC activity, some cases are reported (demyelining, degenerative, compressive, ischaemic, anoxic pathology) where visual or sensory evoked potentials presented changes, proof of the usefulness of these techniques for the purposes of clinical documentation or for diagnosis in different fields of DNS pathology. PMID- 7243033 TI - [Multiple xanthomatosis]. PMID- 7243032 TI - [Partial nodular transformation of the liver. Apropos of a case]. AB - Partial nodular transformation is a rare disorder of the liver, that is becoming a very interesting speculative problem, in relation to the nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver and cirrhosis. This disease is a cause of non cirrhotic protal hypertension. Clinical and pathological aspects are discussed a propos of a case. PMID- 7243034 TI - [The role of penile Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of vascular impotence. Preliminary studies]. AB - Normal, potent arteriopathic and impotent arteriopathic subjects have been studied by means of the Doppler method for the determination of penile systolic pressure. A penile systolic pressure value less than 75 mmHg and a penisarm pressure index of than 0.55 were always associated with impotence. If present in the arteriopathic, impotence is not always caused by vascular factors. PMID- 7243035 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of gastric carcinoma in the early stage]. AB - The diagnosis of early gastric cancer is often allowed by endoscopy, which favours the surgical therapy with a five years survival rate of 79-99% of treated patients. Four personal cases are presented, whose evolution differed from their particular gastric localization, associated lesions and surgical treatment. A wide review of the literature is given. PMID- 7243037 TI - [Clinical experiences with guacetisal]. PMID- 7243036 TI - [Clinico-functional data concerning chronic asthmatic bronchitis patients treated wih guacetisal]. AB - Guacetisal was administered to a group of patients suffering from chronic asthmatic bronchitis. The drug in question was shown to possess a good fluidifying, expectorant and indirect anti-cough action, by means of an initial increase of the bronchial secretions and a subsequent progressive decrease of secretions towards the end of the treatment. The analysis of the respiratory parameters examined showed no modifications of statistical significance. PMID- 7243038 TI - [Clinical considerations on a new synthetic compound with antipyretic and anticatarrhal action]. AB - A Broncaspin suspension was administered for an average of 6-7 days (1/2 teaspoonful twice a day to patients up to 3 yr old; 1 teaspoonful twice a day to those over 3) in the treatment of acute febrile diseases of the upper airways in 16 male and 14 female children aged 5 months to 5 and 3/12 yr. Satisfactory results were obtained in all cases. PMID- 7243039 TI - [Broncaspin in the therapy of pediatric diseases of the respiratory tract]. AB - A paediatric suspension of Broncaspin was administered to 32 children aged 2-12 yr hospitalised for acute respiratory infection of the respiratory apparatus or hyperpirexia with no evident location. The drug was given as the sole treatment in 9 cases, whereas combination with antibacterial drugs proved indispensable in the other 23 cases. The satisfactory results obtained, together with its excellent tolerability, show that the new preparation is active, and is capable of rapidly eliminating the symptoms, so that the general clinical picture is both evidently and persistently improved. PMID- 7243040 TI - [Current data on transhepatic percutaneous cholangiography in the differential diagnosis of jaundice]. AB - The authors stress the actuality of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (P.T.C.) in differential diagnosis of jaundice, for absence of complications, low cost, simplicity of execution, and high percent of success. They derive their technique by Okuda et al., with some proper variations. Particular stress is placed on the decompression of biliary tree before and after injection of contrast medium (M.D.C.). Results obtained coincide with those of other authors. PMID- 7243041 TI - [Findings on proteinuria in selected diabetic patients. Relation to microangiopathy and its prognostic significance]. AB - Urinary protein is usually above normal in diabetics, even when the disease is of recent onset. Values tend to move further away from physiological levels as the condition persists. Electrophoresis reveals a selective glomerular form, even in many subjects with a quantitatively normal picture and free of signs of micro- and macroangiopathy, as these are commonly defined, whereas non-selective glomerular proteinuria is observed in patients with micro- or macroangiopathic lesions, such as marked changes in renal clearance, intense proteinuria, hypertension, chronic renal failure. It is suggested that careful evaluation of urinary proteins can be usefully associated with examination of the fundus to obtain early warning of microangiopathic lesions in the two target organs, i.e. the kidneys and retinae. PMID- 7243042 TI - [A case of subcapsular intrahepatic hematoma. Considerations on radiological diagnostic methods]. PMID- 7243043 TI - [The problem of sterilization]. PMID- 7243044 TI - [Juridical considerations on the problem of sterilization]. PMID- 7243047 TI - [Surgical procedures for tubal sterilization (by abdominal approach)]. PMID- 7243048 TI - [Surgical procedures for the sterilization of females (vaginal approach)]. PMID- 7243045 TI - [Moral aspects of sterilization]. PMID- 7243049 TI - [Sterilization under discussion]. PMID- 7243046 TI - [Voluntary sterilization. Medico-legal considerations]. PMID- 7243050 TI - [The Potter syndrome. Clinical and anatomo-pathological aspects and etiopathogenetic considerations]. PMID- 7243051 TI - [The IUD in pregnancy]. PMID- 7243052 TI - [Evolution of gynecological radiodiagnostic indications. Report of 10 years' activity]. PMID- 7243053 TI - [Proposed thermographic classification of varicocele of the spermatic cord]. PMID- 7243055 TI - [Use of lasers in gynecology]. PMID- 7243054 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis. Indications and risks of early amniocentesis by placental puncture and fetoscopy]. PMID- 7243057 TI - [Freezing of sperm in liquid nitrogen]. PMID- 7243056 TI - [Cytological and endocrinological observations in fallopian tube carcinoma]. PMID- 7243058 TI - [Use of a vitamin-mineral supplement in the prevention of deficiency diseases in pregnancy]. PMID- 7243059 TI - [Urethral dilatation caused by coitus]. PMID- 7243060 TI - [Syndrome caused by amniotic bands or amniotic disease. Etiopathogenetic and clinical considerations on a case]. PMID- 7243061 TI - [Attempted heroic amniosynthesis in the 16th week of pregnancy]. PMID- 7243062 TI - [Importance of infections of the primary female genital tract in obstetrical and gynecological pathology. The combination of tetracycline and amphotericin B in a new preparation in topical vaginal therapy]. PMID- 7243063 TI - [Cortisol in umbilical cord blood in relation to the various methods of delivery]. PMID- 7243064 TI - [Anemia and pregnancy. Clinico-epidemiological considerations]. PMID- 7243065 TI - [Cesarean section: 15 years activity; what has changed]. PMID- 7243066 TI - [Clinical management and type of delivery of patients with prior hysterotomy (918 cases)]. PMID- 7243067 TI - [The use of Althesin in gynecological surgery]. PMID- 7243069 TI - [Prolonged pregnancy, fetal and neonatal distress. Clinical example of diagnostic detection]. PMID- 7243068 TI - [Total hydroxyproline in the amniotic fluid. Its clinical importance]. PMID- 7243070 TI - [Effect of treatment with oral 6-methyl-17-hydroxyprogesterone acetate in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Histochemical and ultrastructural aspects]. PMID- 7243071 TI - [Endometrioid tumors of the ovary. Natural history and differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7243072 TI - [Determination of zinc protoporphyrins in pregnancy and the puerperium]. PMID- 7243074 TI - [Clinico-statistical study of toxoplasmosis in pregnancy in Valdarno Aretino]. PMID- 7243075 TI - [In-vitro sperm penetration test in cervix mucus in the study of sterile couples]. PMID- 7243073 TI - [Clinical significance of prolactin in amenorrheas]. PMID- 7243076 TI - [Colpocytohistological correlations of lesions of the uterine portio extending to the fornix vaginae]. PMID- 7243077 TI - [Colpocytology in adolescence. Preliminary results of examination of a clinically unselected sample]. PMID- 7243078 TI - [Early insertion of the IUD soon after childbirth]. PMID- 7243079 TI - [Hematological parameters and iron therapy in women with IUD's. Experimental study]. PMID- 7243080 TI - [Experience with and remarks 1 year's application of the abortion law 194]. PMID- 7243081 TI - [Simply vaginal hysterectomy in some provincial hospitals. Clinico-statistical study]. PMID- 7243082 TI - [Treatment of segmental cervical incompetence in pregnancy. Surgical indications, technic and results of 128 cervical cerclage operations]. PMID- 7243083 TI - [Revoltella's anterior hystero-endo-ligamentopexy. An operative technic worth rediscovery]. PMID- 7243084 TI - Acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy: an anterospective study. AB - During a 4.5-year period, over 2% of 24,000 obstetric patients at Parkland Memorial Hospital were admitted for acute pyelonephritis. Chills accompanying back pain was the most common presenting complaint in the se 656 women; lower urinary tract symptoms and nausea and vomiting were also common. All women had fever and, with few exceptions, costovertebral angle tenderness. In most cases, the clinical impression was confirmed by bacteriuria. Significant transient renal dysfunction was demonstrated in 60 (21%) of 282 women tested. Of 501 of the 656 women with antepartum pyelonephritis who delivered at Parkland Hospital, 23% developed recurrent pyelonephritis; in half of these patients, this recurrence was antepartum. Of 393 and of the 501 women tested, 20% had asymptomatic bacteriuria at delivery. An 8- to 13-year follow-up study was done on 208 of the 501 women following the index pregnancy; 42% were treated for 1 or more episodes of symptomatic urinary infection when not pregnant. In 140 of the 501 women, a subsequent pregnancy was cared for at Parkland Hospital. Thirty-eight percent of these patients had at least 1 urinary infection during 1 of these pregnancies: 29% had pyelonephritis, and 9% had either asymptomatic bacteriuria or cystitis. PMID- 7243085 TI - Glycohemoglobin in postpartum women. AB - As women giving birth to large for gestational age (LGA) infants are at risk for glucose intolerance during pregnancy, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycohemoglobin levels (Hb AIc) were studied in the immediate postpartum period (less than 10 days). These laboratory tests, in addition to infant birth weights and perinatal histories in a group of 146 women whose infants were above the 95th percentile for gestational age, were compared with those of a group of women whose infants were appropriate for gestational age (AGA: above the 25th percentile but below the mothers 75th percentile) as well as with those of a group of control mothers without diabetic risk factors. Mean Hb AIc and FPG were elevated in the mothers of the LGA infants. When either the LGA group alone or all 3 groups together were analyzed by linear regression, significant relationships were observed for maternal Hb AIc versus FPG (P less than .001); maternal Hb AIc versus birth weight corrected for gestational age (P less than .001); and maternal FPG versus birth weight corrected for gestational age (P less than .001). In addition, infant weight correlated with maternal prepregnancy weight (r = .36), maternal weight gain in pregnancy (r = .23), and maternal height (r = .17), but not with any of the paternal anthropometric features studied. Twenty-six women with LGA infants underwent postpartum oral glucose tolerance tests before discharge. Four had abnormal results and all had Hb AIc values above SD of the nonrisk control values (5.8% total Hb). Of the 16 mothers of LGA infants with FPG levels greater than 85 mg/dl (above SD of the nonrisk control values), 7 (44%) also had Hb AIc levels of more than 5.8%. Moreover, on retrospective analysis, the LGA infants manifested increased perinatal morbidity (P less than .05) compared to the combined control groups. PMID- 7243086 TI - Acute effect of cigarette smoking on the fetal heart nonstress test. AB - A major limitation in the use of the nonstress test (NST) has been the high frequency of nonreactive NSTs in the absence of fetal distress. Exogenous factors causing loss of fetal heart rate reactivity (FHRR) have not been fully evaluated, although it has previously been shown that chronic smokers have an increased incidence of nonreactive NSTs in the absence of fetal distress. A group of chronically smoking high-risk pregnant women at 31 to 44 weeks' gestation was studied to determine if the acute effects of smoking caused the NST to become nonreactive. After a reactive NST was obtained, each patient smoked 1 cigarette and the effects of the fetus were observed. Twenty-six studies were performed on 25 patients. A transient mild elevation of baseline fetal heart rate was noted after smoking in several studies; however, no significant change was found in FHRR, indicating that the acute effects of smoking a single cigarette are not responsible for the increased incidence of nonreactive NSTs in smokers. PMID- 7243087 TI - Severity of respiratory distress syndrome with low lecithin: sphingomyelin ratio. AB - The frequency and severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were evaluated in 69 infants whose amniotic fluid lecithin: sphingomyelin (L:S) ratio was less than 2. Amniotic fluid was obtained at the time of either nonelective or elective cesarean section in 58 cases. An additional 11 patients were delivered within 48 hours after amniocentesis. Gestational ages ranged from 27 to 41 weeks. Few women had been in labor, none had ruptured membranes for more than 12 hours, and all but 3 were delivered by cesarean section. A variety of pregnancy complications were represented. All 14 infants with an L:S ratio less than 0.5 developed RDS, and 10 died. Of 19 infants with an L:S ratio of 0.5 to 0.99, 8 developed RDS; 3 of the 8 died and another 3 required ventilatory support. Of 36 infants whose L:S ratio exceeded 1.0, only 1 developed RDS. No infant who had an L:S ratio greater than 0.8 died of RDS, and RDS was absent in infants with L:S ratio as low as 0.6. These findings could not be attributed to intraassay or interassay variability or to laboratory methodology. The importance of individual laboratory evaluation of L:S values in relation to respiratory outcome is emphasized. PMID- 7243088 TI - Fetal movements and fetal outcome: a prospective study. AB - Two hundred sixty-four antenatal patients were monitored by maternal observation of fetal movements to predict fetal condition at birth. Abnormal fetal movements were significantly associated with fetal death as well as with poor fetal condition at birth. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of monitoring abnormal fetal movements are presented. The mean weekly count decreased with advanced gestational age but not predictably so in each patient. Fetal outcome was studied prospectively in 138 patients with normal fetal movements and 23 patients with abnormal movements at term. Perinatal outcome was significantly poorer in the group with abnormal movements (P = .0015). Cognizance should be taken of patients reporting a decrease in fetal activity at term, as this may include fetal compromise. PMID- 7243089 TI - Uterine contraction intervals and transcutaneous levels of fetal oxygen pressure. AB - Continuous intrauterine transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) measurement was performed in 30 deliveries. The various characteristics of labor (peak of contractions, duration, and contraction interval) were correlated with the tcPO2 integral. The best correlation was seen between the tcPO2 integral and that of the contraction intervals. As the data show significant correlations with the pattern of labor, continuous tcPO2 measurement is a reliable and sensitive method for recognizing PO2 alterations early, especially in high-risk deliveries. PMID- 7243090 TI - Experimental hyperprolactinemia and hypoprolactinemia and human chorionic gonadotropin during early pregnancy. AB - The effect of experimental hyperprolactinemia and hypoprolactinemia on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentration was studied in 34 healthy volunteers between weeks 6 and 11 of normal pregnancy. Hyperprolactinemia was induced in 12 women with 150 mg of sulpiride daily for 2 weeks; treatment led to a mean plasma prolactin (PRL) rise from 14.6 to 84.1 microgram/liter after 1 week and to 83.0 microgram/liter after 2 weeks. Hypoprolactinemia was effected in 11 women wit 5.0 to 7.5 mg of bromocriptine, daily for 2 weeks; treatment decreased the mean plasma prolactin from 19.2 to 6.0 microgram/liter after 1 week and to 5.2 microgram/liter after 2 weeks. These PRL changes were significant (P less than .001) in comparison with the plasma PRL concentrations in the 11 control women. Hyperprolactinemia induced by the sulpiride treatment was accompanied by a significant decrease in hCG concentration, whereas no difference in hCG was seen between hypoprolactinemia and control groups. This may suggest a synergistic action of hCG and PRL, or a direct effect of sulpiride on hCG, but the final mechanism and biologic importance of the phenomenon remain to be investigated. PMID- 7243091 TI - Intrauterine exposure to narcotics and cord blood prolactin concentrations. AB - Umbilical cord serum prolactin concentrations were determined in 17 full-term infants of mothers using narcotic agents during pregnancy and in 18 infants of similar birth weight and gestational age whose mothers did not use narcotics. The median value for the narcotic-exposed group was 266.6 ng/ml (range, 157.5 to 448.7 ng/ml); in the normal group the median was 193.7 ng/ml (range, 69.8 to 693.1 ng/ml). These differences were statistically significant (P less than .05). Although only full-term and borderline premature infants who were not appreciable risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were studied, it may be speculated that elevated prolactin blood levels in fetuses of addicted mothers may at least in part explain the reported decrease in the incidence of RDS in this group. PMID- 7243094 TI - Triplet and quadruplet pregnancies and management. AB - The rate of multiple pregnancies with more than 2 fetuses has significantly increased since the introduction of ovulation induction agents. From 1970 through 1978, there were 19 triplets and 6 quadruplets in the authors' department, incidences of 1:696 and 1:5370, respectively. Eighteen (72%) of the 25 multiple pregnancies followed treatment with ovulation induction agents and 7 were spontaneous. The diagnosis of more than 2 fetuses was made earlier in the induced than in the uninduced pregnancies. Management, initiated upon diagnosis, included bed rest, high-protein diet, beta-mimetic agents, progestins, dexamethasone late in the second trimester, and selective cerclage. The mean gestational age was 34 weeks in the triplets and 35 weeks in the quadruplets. Forty-four percent of the deliveries were by cesarean section and the remainder were by vaginal delivery. The mean weight of the neonates was 1807 g in the triplets and 1950 g in the quadruplets. The mean overall Apgar score was 8.16, and the perinatal mortality was 185 per 1000, corrected (more than 28 weeks) to 137 per 1000. The main neonatal complications resulted from prematurity, and maternal complications noted were postpartum hemorrhage necessitating hysterectomy in 2 patients. The preferable mode of delivery cannot be stated dogmatically. Fetal outcome was similar in vaginal and cesarean deliveries among the various gestational age groups. PMID- 7243092 TI - Umbilical cord length and intrapartum complications. AB - The length of umbilical cords was studied in 536 term deliveries to test the hypothesis that a short or long umbilical cord is more frequently associated with certain intrapartum complications. The mean umbilical cord length was 55 cm (range, 14 to 129 cm). A short cord was defined as 35 cm or less (lower sixth percentile). Umbilical cord accidents were most frequent in the presence of a long cord (20 of 32 cases, 62%). Inadequate fetal descent was significantly more common when a long cord or an excessively short cord (25 cm or less, lower first percentile) was found. Fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormalities that primarily reflected cord compression patterns were significantly more frequent in the presence of a short (17 of 27 cases, 63%) or a long cord (28 of 32 cases, 87%), as compared with a normal length cord (145 of 393 cases, 37%). The measurement of umbilical cord length requires minimal effort, no expense, and may explain certain intrapartum FHR abnormalities or an arrest of fetal descent. PMID- 7243093 TI - Quantitating uterine contractility in clinical context. AB - Objective quantitative on-line analysis of the intrauterine pressure of patients in active labor can be made by using a small bedside computer. A retrospective study has been performed comparing the uterine contractility of patients in normal active labor with that of patients in arrest of labor. Examination of the data suggests that averaging each 3 successive contractions and combining the values for amplitude, period, and Montevideo units into a 3-contraction score provide an efficient and rapid means for differentiating the contractility of normal and hypocontractile labor. Further, the method appears to have the potential for selecting the appropriate minimal effective dose of oxytocin and avoiding hypercontractility. PMID- 7243095 TI - Bromocriptine mesylate for prevention of postpartum lactation. AB - The efficacy and safety of bromocriptine mesylate in preventing postpartum breast engorgement and milk secretion were evaluated in 420 normal puerperal women. The usual dose was 2.5 mg twice a day for 14 days. Complete inhibition of the target symptoms was obtained in 97% (409 of 420) of the women after 5 days of therapy. Of 370 women who completed 14 days of therapy, 73.5% (272) were completely symptom free, and the remainder showed only grade I or grade II breast engorgement and secretion. Side effects, primarily nausea, vomiting, and dizziness, were experienced by 3% of the women, and 7% reported rebound engorgement and secretion. It was concluded that bromocriptine is safe and efficacious for the stated indication. Moreover, bromocriptine's apparent lack of thromboembolic complications and low incidence of rebound effects suggest possible advantages over other pharmacologic preparations, ie, estrogen containing drugs, currently used to prevent postpartum lactation. PMID- 7243096 TI - Ovarian function in women immediately post partum. AB - Ovarian function in pregnant women at term was investigated by obtaining plasma samples from both ovarian veins simultaneously with a peripheral sample from the antecubital vein. All samples were analyzed by radioimmunoassay to determine the concentration of progesterone, estradiol, estrone, androstenedione, testosterone, and human chorionic gonadotropin. The corpus luteum was found to secrete progesterone and not significant amounts of estrogens or androgens. Extraluteal tissue secreted estrogens and androgens and also progesterone. No quantitative relationship was found between the concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin and any ovarian steroid, and estradiol appeared to be produced from both estrone and testosterone. PMID- 7243098 TI - Amniocentesis in the evaluation of premature labor. AB - Amniocentesis was performed to obtain amniotic fluid for culture in 25 patients undergoing tocolytic therapy for premature labor, all of whom had intact membranes. Three specimens yielded positive cultures, 2 of which were considered contaminants. The only patient with significant bacterial growth in the amniotic fluid also had clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of amnionitis. Five of the 25 patients (20%) experienced spontaneous rupture of membranes after amniocentesis. Based on the results of this study, amniocentesis solely for the confirmation of asymptomatic amnionitis in the patient in premature labor seems to be of questionable value. PMID- 7243097 TI - Premature labor. I. Prostaglandin precursors in human placental membranes. AB - Amnion and chorion from premature and term placentas after both spontaneous labor and elective cesarean section were assayed for phospholipids and fatty acid composition by 2-dimensional thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. In preterm placental phospholipids, phosphorus concentrations were higher in amnion than in chorion, whereas at term the membranes were similar owing to an increase in phospholipid concentration in the chorion late in gestation. PHosphatidylcholine (PC) accounted for 47% of the total phospholipid phosphorus, followed by sphingomyelin at 20%, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) at 15%, phosphatidylserine (PS) at 12%, and phosphatidylinositol (PI) at 5%. These percentages were similar for amnion and chorion and they did not change during gestation. The percentage of arachidonic acid (AA) was higher in PS (40 to 65%) than in PE (30 to 53%) and PC (10 to 13%). The percentage of AA was significantly higher in PC, PE, and PS from the amnion in premature pregnancies than in those of the premature chorion. At term, these amnionic and chorionic phospholipids had similar concentrations of AA owing to a significant increase in AA in the chorion late in gestation. Amnionic PE from term and preterm elective cesarean section had a significantly higher percentage of AA than that from preterm and term labor. These data suggest that AA is consumed during labor and that amnionic phospholipids, particularly PE, may be its principal source. The amnion seems to be more important for the storage of AA than the chorion, particularly in preterm pregnancies in which the concentrations of phospholipids and the percentages of AA in PC, PE, and PS were significantly higher than in the chorion. PMID- 7243100 TI - Thromboplastic activity of amniotic fluid in term and postmature gestations. AB - The danger to the newborn inherent in a postmature pregnancy has gained recognition. However, the diagnosis of postmaturity remains a difficult problem. The thromboplastic activity of amniotic fluid (TAAF) increases with the gestational age. Based on this phenomenon, the TAAF of 45 women in the 41st to 43rd weeks of gestation was established, using their amniotic fluid as a source of thromboplastin. It was found that in all cases in which the TAAF value was less than 42 seconds, the newborns exhibited clinical evidence of postmaturity. PMID- 7243099 TI - Collagen content of human amniotic membranes: effect of gestation length and premature rupture. AB - The collagen content of amniotic membranes was measured in samples obtained at delivery from patients with and without premature rupture of the membranes (PROM). In samples from patients with PROM the collagen content (343 microgram/mg) was significantly lower than in samples from patients without PROM (373 microgram/mg) (P less than .005). The collagen content decreased between 32 and 40 weeks' gestation from 446 to 362 microgram/mg (r = .588; P less than .001) in patients without PROM and from 393 to 332 microgram/mg (r = -.362; P less than .05) in patients with PROM. The latent period between membrane rupture and delivery was not associated with a decrease in collagen content. The changes in amnion collagen during gestation and the differences observed with PROM suggest that weakening of the amnion in preparation for rupture may be determined partly by factors controlling the synthesis and degradation of collagen. PMID- 7243101 TI - Clinical utility of fetal lung maturity profile. AB - The usefulness of the lung maturity profile in predicting the absence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the newborn was assessed in 356 patients with an obstetric indication for amniocentesis. Newborn infants delivered of mothers with a lecithin:sphingomyelin (L:S) ratio greater than 2.0, phosphatidylinositol at a level indicating maturity, and phosphatidylglycerol greater than 2% experienced no RDS. Twenty-six of 40 patients with studies indicating immaturity, in contrast, experienced RDS. Similarly, 20 infants who were predicted to be mature by L:S ratio but in whom no phosphatidylglycerol was present experienced a 40% incidence of RDS. In a small number of patients in whom the L:S ratio suggested that the fetal lung was immature, but in whom the phosphatidylglycerol level was greater than 2%, no RDS occurred. These results suggest that a mature lung profile is more valuable in predicting absence of RDS in the newborn than the L:S ratio alone. Certain conditions known to be associated with development of RDS in the newborn may be more accurately assessed by the presence or absence of phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid. Although the series is small, it appears that the presence of phosphatidylglycerol even with an immature L:S ratio predicts that the newborn will be free of RDS. PMID- 7243102 TI - In utero versus neonatal transportation of high-risk perinates: a comparison. AB - This study compares the results of in utero (fetal) and neonatal transfer of high risk perinates to The University of Alabama Hospitals for the years 1975 through 1977. Both the percentage and total number of fetal referrals have increased. The neonatal mortality among 1061 referred cases (776 neonatal and 285 fetal) was significantly lower among those referred before delivery. Infants surviving after intrauterine transportation required continuous positive airway pressure and intermittent positive pressure ventilation less frequently than did those transported after delivery. There were significantly fewer deaths of infants transported in utero for 3 of 8 categories of mortality risk. Moreover, the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter among infants surviving after in utero transportation than among survivors of neonatal transportation. PMID- 7243103 TI - Maternal and infant transport program in Louisiana. AB - The concept of maternal transport has evolved from that of neonatal transport as part of a regionalized perinatal care system. Experience has suggested that perinatal outcome for infants transported before delivery is improved over that for infants transported neonatally. This report describes the initial 2 years' experience of the first such program in Louisiana. When compared with infants transported after delivery, those transported before delivery had a slightly better corrected survival rate (90 versus 87%) and a shorter average stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (11.8 versus 21.4 days), but the differences were not statistically significant as measured by the chi2 test. PMID- 7243105 TI - Spontaneous abortion rate in patients with endometriosis. PMID- 7243106 TI - Presidential address: the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists past, present, and future. PMID- 7243104 TI - Effects of hCG on prostaglandin synthesis and function of corpus luteum. AB - The effect of intramuscular injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on subsequent in vitro prostaglandin (PG) production by the corpus luteum was studied in the rhesus monkey. Four monkeys received increasing doses of hCG from days 6 to 10 after ovulation. On day 11, laparotomy and luteectomy were performed. Five untreated animals served as controls. The production of prostaglandins F (PGF) and E (PGE) by the corpus luteum of the animals treated wit hCG was significantly lower than that of the controls (P less than .01). After hCG treatment, the decrease in PGF production was greater than that of PGE, resulting in a lower ratio of PGF:PGE production than in the controls (P less than .01). Histologic evaluation of the corpora lutea revealed regressive changes in the control group, whereas signs of active secretion were observed in the hCG treated group. Progesterone concentrations in peripheral blood of the hCG-treated group were approximately fourfold higher than in the controls, and the hCG treated group did not have a postmidluteal phase decrease. These results suggest that the ratio of production of PGF to PGE by the corpus luteum of the rhesus monkey may play a role in the control of its lifespan and steroidogenic capacity. PMID- 7243107 TI - Fetal transfusion with real-time ultrasound guidance. AB - A technique of fetal transfusion using sonographic guidance for needle placement is described. Sixteen patients underwent a total of 43 transfusions. The fetal mortality risk appears to be lower than that encountered in fluoroscopy-directed transfusions. Fetal irradiation has been dramatically reduced from an average of 2.2 rads per transfusion to 0.29 rads per transfusion. The technique allows very precise placement of a needle within the uterus or fetus. We have used it in difficult cases for amniocentesis. The technique could also be adapted to other problems requiring accurate placement of a needle within the body, such as biopsy of masses or aspiration of cysts. PMID- 7243108 TI - Asymmetric hyperthecosis ovarii. AB - Testosterone and delta4-androstenedione concentrations, in venous blood obtained by percutaneous retrograde femoral catheterization of the ovarian and adrenal veins bilaterally, demonstrated the left ovary to be the predominant secretory source of androgens in an 18-year-old virilized female. Histologic examination of the excised ovarian tissue revealed asymmetric hyperthecosis ovarii and confirmed the biochemical data. This study demonstrates the accuracy of the venous catheterization method in locating preoperatively the hypersecretory source of androgens in virilized women. The favorable postoperative clinical result emphasizes the importance of an accurate preoperative diagnosis in virilized women even in the absence of ovarian neoplasia. PMID- 7243110 TI - Hydronephrosis masquerading as ovarian pathology. PMID- 7243111 TI - NIH consensus development statement on cesarean childbirth. The Cesarean Birth Task Force. PMID- 7243112 TI - Cervical crypt involvement by intraepithelial neoplasia. PMID- 7243109 TI - Steroid hormone secretion from a virilizing lipoid cell tumor of the ovary. AB - The authors report the case of a 23-year-old woman with a virilizing lipoid cell tumor of the ovary. The patient developed precocious puberty at age 4 and from age 5 to 10 years was treated weekly with intramuscular medroxyprogesterone acetate. She began to menstruate spontaneously at age 13, but developed hirsutism, acne, and irregular menses at age 15 followed by secondary amenorrhea at age 20. Steroid analyses demonstrated elevated peripheral plasma levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, desoxycorticosterone, estrone, and estradiol. Catheterization of the adrenal and ovarian veins revealed increased secretion of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, desoxycortcosterone, and corticosterone, 11-desoxycortisol, cortisol, estrone, and estradiol from the right ovarian vein. At surgery a right ovarian lipoid cell tumor was removed. Incubation studies with the tumor tissue confirmed the presence of gonadal and adrenocortical steroids. The tissue also contained high-affinity human chorionic gonadotropin-luteinizing hormone binding sites with normal binding affinity. PMID- 7243113 TI - Management of a rare blood type: Oh "Bombay" in pregnancy. AB - A rare blood type, Oh "Bombay," was observed in a 30-year-old Indian primigravida. The genetic mode of inheritance is discussed. The obstetric management, with anticipation for the need for blood transfusion, is outlined and the use of autotransfusion for patients with rare blood type is emphasized. PMID- 7243114 TI - Repetitive idiopathic fetal hydrops. AB - Two cases of repetitive idiopathic fetal hydrops are reported, the second and third cases found in the literature. A normal pregnancy occurred in 1 of the patients following 2 successive pregnancies with fetal hydrops. Findings as well as diagnostic and therapeutic modalities are discussed. PMID- 7243115 TI - Elevated amniotic fluid creatinine. AB - Amniotic fluid creatinine has been used to evaluate fetal maturity, but there is evidence that maternal diseases may affect amniotic fluid creatinine levels. We report a case of a pregnant woman with renal insufficiency who had markedly elevated amniotic fluid creatinine. Review of data from 9 patients with elevated serum and amniotic fluid creatinine levels showed a statistically significant relationship between maternal serum creatinine and amniotic fluid creatinine. Review of data from 19 patients with amniotic fluid creatinine levels higher than 3 mg/dl showed no relationship between the amniotic fluid creatinine and fetal weight. We conclude that amniotic fluid creatinine in women with elevated serum creatinine is an unreliable predictor of fetal maturity. PMID- 7243116 TI - Ultrasound air contrast transfusion technique: an aid to managing the Rh-affected fetus with ascites. AB - The successful management of an Rh-sensitized pregnant patient is reported in whom fetal intrauterine transfusions were utilized despite the presence of fetal ascites before the 26th week of gestation. A new ultrasound air contrast technique is described that confirms the correct intraabdominal placement of the transfused blood. The technique is not dependent on the amount of blood introduced, nor is it masked by fetal ascites. PMID- 7243117 TI - Cirrhosis and fetal hyperbilirubinemia. AB - A case of fulminating liver failure during pregnancy, resulting from maternal cirrhosis in which fetal distress developed during labor and the mother died post partum, is presented. The effects of maternal unconjugated bilirubin levels and the possibility of kernicterus developing in utero are discussed. PMID- 7243118 TI - Thrombocytopenia complicating preeclampsia: data to support a new model. AB - Thrombocytopenia can be associated with preeclampsia without evidence of consumptive coagulopathy and may contribute to placental insufficiency. In the case reported here, the patient's platelets agglutinated in vitro in the presence of her serum when the serum had been preincubated with her placental cells. The reaction was calcium and, probably, complement dependent. Mixtures of sera and placentas from normal APO-matched control pregnancies caused no agglutination of the patient's platelets. The capacity of her serum and placental cells to agglutinate her own platelets was not found in the sera obtained 60 days post partum. These findings suggest that in some cases of preeclampsia the platelets may be involved in an immune-mediated phenomenon that can induce platelet agglutination and is probably accentuated in the placenta, thus attenuating placental blood flow. PMID- 7243121 TI - Cesarean section while on cardiac bypass: report of a case. AB - The first case of cesarean section while the patient was on cardiac bypass with favorable outcome for both mother and perinate is reported. the surgery was necessary because of a thrombosed mitral valve prosthesis. The major management dilemmas posed by this unusual case stimulated a survey of the literature concerning maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by cardiac disease, cardiac surgery, prosthetic valves, and/or anticoagulation. PMID- 7243120 TI - Cecal volvulus in pregnancy. AB - Cecal volvulus in pregnancy is an uncommon complication. A case is reported of a 28-year-old white female, gravida 2, para 1, who presented at 36 weeks' gestation with flu-like symptoms accompanied by regular uterine contractions every 3 minutes; she underwent repeat cesarean section without incident. The patient did well until the second postoperative day, when she developed obstructive bowel symptoms and underwent emergency laparotomy. Operative findings revealed cecal volvulus with partial malrotation of the small bowel, absence of the ligament of Treitz, agenesis of the left kidney, and a redundant sigmoid colon. Medical and surgical management of this case, as well as a general description of the symptoms of cecal volvulus, is discussed. Early diagnosis and operation are essential to avoid the high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. PMID- 7243119 TI - Pregnancy complicated by concurrent primary hyperparathyroidism and pancreatitis. AB - The third case of pancreatitis and primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy is reported. The patient became gravely ill with "hypercalcemic crisis" in the third trimester, the condition was stabilized by medical therapy, and the fetus was delivered when mature. This combined diagnosis is difficult to make because of the changes in calcium metabolism that accompany pregnancy and because of the opposite effects the 2 diseases have on blood calcium levels. In early pregnancy, surgical management of the parathyroid disease seems warranted after the condition has stabilized, whereas in late pregnancy medical treatment may be used and definitive surgery may be postponed until after delivery. PMID- 7243122 TI - Chorioangioma of the placenta: report of 2 cases with ultrasound study in 1. AB - Chorioangioma, a benign tumor of the placenta, is often associated with unfavorable effects on the mother as well as on the fetus. Two recently recorded cases of large chorioangiomas occurring in young mothers are reported. In 1 case, in which hydramnios was identified and the fetus was prematurely delivered, the diagnosis of placental tumor was made by ultrasound study. PMID- 7243123 TI - Failure of an Irving tubal sterilization. AB - Failure of the Irving method of Bilateral tubal ligation is rare, as evidenced by the absence of a current previous report in the literature. The present case represents an infrequent technical failure of this established method of female sterilization. The literature and possible causes of failure are reviewed and a form of management is considered. Treatment of this patient was influenced by the presence of additional gynecologic abnormalities. PMID- 7243124 TI - Menopausal hot flashes: their cycles and relation to air temperature. AB - The occurrence of hot flashes was investigated exhaustively in 1 woman. She recorded the clock time of each hot flash in a notebook for 100 days. Fluctuations were circadian and day to day with sawtoothed periodicity. The circadian peak was always between 18 and 21 hours. The circadian nadir and the mean daily rate varied directly with outdoor temperature. The occurrence of hot flashes was not related to internal body temperature, and hence not to environmental heating or cooling of the body. Therefore impulses from temperature receptors altered the rate of formation and release of a hypothetic central nervous system neurohumor that stimulated the hypothalamic heat loss center. This mechanism did not exhibit acclimatization to heat. Comparably thorough studies on more women are needed. PMID- 7243125 TI - Vaginal agenesis in association with gonadal dysgenesis. AB - Two cases of gonadal dysgenesis and congenital absence of the vagina are presented. One of the 2 patients studied had a normal female karyotype, an absent vagina, and a uterus represented by 2 thin fibrous bands ending just beneath the urinary bladder in the midline. The other patient had features of Turner syndrome, a 45,X chromosomal complement, and an absent vagina with infantile uterus and fallopian tubes. As gonadal anomalies may coexist in patients with congenital absence of the vagina, laparoscopic evaluation of such patients may be of diagnostic value. PMID- 7243126 TI - Pure gonadal dysgenesis with microscopic ovarian streak and gonadoblastoma. AB - A phenotypic female with an XY karyotype and no grossly demonstrable streak gonads is described. She had a microscopic focus of gonadoblastoma developing in a 3 X 2 mm area in the region of the ovarian vessels. The case stresses the importance of a careful search of the pelvic cavity in phenotypic females with a 46, XY karyotype. PMID- 7243127 TI - hPL deficiency with normal estriol levels in a normal pregnancy. AB - The third published case of human placental lactogen (hPL) deficiency in a normal pregnancy is reported. The results of the 3 cases are discussed. In all cases, estriol levels were normal and hPL levels were either unmeasurable or below 1 microgram/ml. The placenta showed no obvious abnormalities. Growth hormone and prolactin determinations did not contribute to the understanding of the deficiency; neither did the glucose levels in the maternal blood. All 3 infants were male. PMID- 7243128 TI - Hypothalamic hypogonadism in myotonic dystrophy. AB - Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis function was assessed in a postpubertal female patient with myotonic dystrophy and secondary amenorrhea. The results suggested a hypothalamic basis for the amenorrhea, confirming previous reports regarding the nature of gonadal failure in women with this multisystemic disorder. PMID- 7243129 TI - Ovarian hyperthecosis: in vivo and in vitro correlations of the androgen profile. AB - A 36-year-old patient with secondary amenorrhea and progressive frank virilization was found by histologic examination to have ovarian hyperthecosis. Baseline androgenic investigation revealed a selective increase in testosterone (T) production rate (3.1 mg/day), which was associated with an increase in both plasma T concentration (total and unbound) and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of T (2156 liters/day). There was a marked concentration gradient for circulating plasma T between each ovarian vein and the peripheral veins (right ovarian, 50 ng/ml; left ovarian, 21 ng/ml). After bilateral wedge resection there was a rapid decrease in the total and unbound T levels as well as in the MCR of T, which remained normal for at least 6 months. By then the patient had stopped shaving and was menstruating normally. In vitro incubation studies of fragments from each ovary revealed incorporation of [3H]-dehydroepiandrosterone and [3H]-progesterone into [3H]-T in the range reported for normal human ovarian stroma, and short-term cellular culture suggested a normal morphology and steroidogenesis. It is concluded that in this patient with ovarian hyperthecosis, the observed ovarian T production resulted more from an increase in the amount of stromal-thecal tissue than from a functional biochemical defect in the latter. PMID- 7243130 TI - DES-related clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in pregnancy. AB - The occurrence of diethylstilbestrol- (DES)-related clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in a pregnant patient who carried the pregnancy to term is reported. The tumor, observed directly over an extended period, did not appear to be influenced by elevated plasma estrogen levels during pregnancy. Problems of diagnosis, histopathologic finding, and management are discussed. PMID- 7243131 TI - Hypercalcemia associated with epidermoid carcinoma in ovarian cystic teratoma. AB - A case of metastatic epidermoid carcinoma arising in benign cystic teratoma of the ovary is reported. The clinical course was complicated by severe hypercalcemia and respiratory distress due to associated diffuse calcification of the lungs. Presumptive evidence is presented to show that prostaglandin E found in the tumor was the cause of the hypercalcemia. PMID- 7243132 TI - Epithelioid leiomyoma of the Uterus. AB - Epithelioid leiomyoma is a rare uterine tumor. Classically, it has been discovered incidentally in uteri that have been removed because of other pathology. Two cases of this tumor, which appear to be the first diagnosed before hysterectomy, are added to the literature. The benign course of these tumors is supported by the findings, and a brief review of the literature is presented. This tumor has also been termed plexiform tumorlet and epithelioid smooth muscle tumor. PMID- 7243133 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia. AB - An obligate heterozygote for hypophosphatasia, gravida 3, para 2, had previously delivered a female infant who had shortening of the extremities and could not maintain respirations because of the pliability of the thorax. The infant had undermineralization of the skeleton, low serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased urinary phosphoethanolamine excretion; autopsy corroborated the diagnosis of congenital lethal hypophosphatasia. For the current pregnancy, uterine sonograms demonstrated adequate growth of the head and limbs, amniotic fluid cell culture showed normal alkaline phosphatase activity; and confirmatory radiographic study showed adequate mineralization of the skeleton. A healthy female infant was delivered. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital hypophosphatasia is available, and the triad of ultrasonography, alkaline phosphatase determination in the amniotic fluid cell culture, and radiography of the fetus is reliable in establishing the diagnosis. PMID- 7243135 TI - Removal of a presacral tumor via a Schuchardt incision. AB - Presacral tumors have been traditionally approached either abdominally or via a transsacral incision. We describe a perineal approach to these tumors. A patient with a presacral benign cystic teratoma is described. The tumor was removed through a Schuchardt incision with no difficulties or complications. The vaginal approach should be considered for the removal of selected presacral tumors. PMID- 7243134 TI - Leiomyomatosis in pelvic lymph nodes. AB - A decidual reaction may occur in the pelvic lymph nodes during normal pregnancy. This reaction may be replaced by the same type of benign metaplastic reaction that gives rise to leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. The occurrence of this apparent smooth muscle in the pelvic lymph nodes may result in an erroneous diagnosis of metastatic leiomyosarcoma, or of benign metastasizing leiomyoma. PMID- 7243137 TI - Thin-layer chromatography for separation of phospholipids in amniotic fluid. AB - A method using a 1-dimensional, thin-layer chromatographic technique for the separation of phospholipids in amniotic fluid is described. The phospholipids of major importance in evaluating fetal lung maturity were separated: sphingomyelin, lecithin, and, notably, phosphatidylglycerol. Preliminary clinical results correlate the increasing appearance of phosphatidylglycerol with increasing lecithin : sphingomyelin ratios. PMID- 7243136 TI - Role of prostaglandins in IUD-associated uterine bleeding--effect of a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor (ibuprofen). AB - Prostaglandins have been shown to be increased in the endometrium of women and experimental animals wearing intrauterine devices (IUDs). As prostaglandins may cause increased vascularity and vascular permeability, and as certain prostaglandins (PgI2) inhibit platelet activity, the local generation of prostaglandins may contribute to endometrial bleeding. Thus, the effect of ibuprofen, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, was tested by quantifying menstrual blood loss in 20 women wearing IUDs in a double-blind, 2-period crossover study. Ibuprofen produced a significant reduction in menstrual blood loss; the percentage reduction was greater in women using a Lippes Loop and who had heavier blood loss (39%) than in women using a copper device and who had lighter blood loss (25%). These findings support the contention that prostaglandin synthesis is important in the genesis of IUD-associated menorrhagia and that prostaglandin inhibitors may be useful in the therapy of this condition. PMID- 7243138 TI - Mondor disease in pregnancy. AB - Mondor disease, or superficial thrombophlebitis of the breast, is an uncommon disorder that occurs only rarely in pregnant women. One such case is presented here followed by a review of the clinicopathologic features of the disease. Accurate diagnosis of Mondor disease is based almost entirely on careful physical examination of the breast, and no specific treatment is required. Its major clinical significance lies in the need to distinguish it from malignancy of the breast. PMID- 7243139 TI - Germ cell tumors in monozygous twins with gonadal dysgenesis and 46,XY karyotype. AB - Monozygous twin phenotypic females, aged 18, with primary amenorrhea and a 46,XY karyotype and bearing germ cell tumors are described. Patient 1 had a large pelvic tumor involving the uterus, oviduct, and intestine. Histology revealed the choriocarcinoma pattern. No ovarian or testicular tissue was identified. The preoperative serologic pregnancy test was positive. After surgery the urinary human chorionic gonadotropin value was 2500 units per 24 hours. The patient died 2 months after the operation despite chemotherapy. Patient 2 was admitted to the hospital for evaluation following the discovery of pelvic tumor in her twin sister. She had 1 streak gonad harboring gonadoblastoma and, on the opposite side, a gonadoblastoma overgrown by dysgerminoma. The patient is well 4 years after surgery. The risk of malignancy in individuals with XY gonadal dysgenesis is emphasized, and examination and confirmation of karyotype of siblings are recommended. PMID- 7243140 TI - Sickle-delta beta thalassemia: mild sickling disorder with serious morbidity in pregnancy. AB - Two patients with sickle-delta gamma thalassemia are reported who experienced the typical complications of sickling disorders in the last 2 months of 4 pregnancies. The diagnosis, genetics, and management of pregnancy in this rare hematologic disease, which causes minimal morbidity in the nonpregnant woman, are discussed. PMID- 7243142 TI - Post-term pregnancy. PMID- 7243141 TI - Partial vaginal agenesis with a urinary-vaginal fistula. AB - A patient with partial vaginal agenesis and a urinary-vaginal fistula is presented together with a review of the 12 cases reported previously. This unusual anomaly presents with cyclically recurrent hematuria; hypothetically, it results from failure of formation or canalization of the primitive vaginal plate together with partial persistence of the urogenital sinus. Surgical correction, ideally performed after puberty, requires resection of the fistula and mobilization of the apical vaginal segment for its anastomosis to the inferior vaginal pouch. PMID- 7243144 TI - Cardiovascular and hematologic effects of diphenylhydantoin in maternal and fetal sheep. AB - Anticonvulsant therapy often includes diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) and is usually advocated during the pregnancy of an epileptic woman. The cardiovascular and hematologic effects of diphenylhydantoin (5 mg/kg body weight/5 min) were studied in 12 experiments on 5 ewes and their fetuses in which catheters were chronically implanted and an electromagnetic flow probe was continually around the uterine artery. Slight but significant transient decreases in fetal blood pressure (P less than .001), oxygen percent saturation (O2%, P less than .02) and O2 content (P less than .01) were observed. These parameters recovered to baseline values within 75 minutes after infusion was begun, and no other fetal changes were noted. Maternal metabolic alkalosis was evidenced by significant increases in pH (P less than .001) bicarbonate (P less than .05), and base excess (P less than .02). A slight decrease in the percent hemoglobin was observed at 15, 60, and 90 minutes (P less than .02, P less than .05, and P less than .01, respectively). No changes were observed in maternal heart rate or uterine blood flow, though an increase in blood pressure was observed at 30 minutes (P less than .05). From these observations, it is concluded that the administration of diphenylhydantoin intravenously causes transient fetal hypotension, reduction of O2%, maternal metabolic alkalosis, and transient hypertension without any changes in fetal pH, PCO2, or uterine blood flow. Therefore, it can be considered a relatively safe drug to be used during pregnancy. PMID- 7243143 TI - Combined decelerations--clinical significance and relation to uterine activity. AB - A combined fetal heart rate deceleration consists of a first (either early or variable) component and a second (late) component. All patients with combined decelerations during a 2-year period of routine fetal monitoring were studied. The incidence was 1.1% (70 patients). Most patient were at low risk, and the combined decelerations appeared predominantly late in the first stage of labor. In all but 5, labor was stimulated by oxytocin infusion. In two thirds of patients, intrauterine pressure was recorded; uterine hyperactivity was found in 78.7%. Combined decelerations with a total loss of at least 90 beats and lasting for at least 60 seconds were associated with low fetal scalp pH. Ten percent of infants were born in the occiput posterior position. The results indicate a relation between abnormal uterine activity and combined fetal heart decelerations. This type of deceleration could serve as a warning signal of excessive oxytocin administration. PMID- 7243145 TI - Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and invasive cardiovascular monitoring. AB - When a parturient develops clinical and roentgenographic evidence of pulmonary edema during labor or delivery, the obstetric staff often concludes that iatrogenic overhydration or left ventricular failure is the cause. This impression may be reinforced by increased central venous pressure measurements. Although acute respiratory failure (ARF) (non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema) is well described in the medical and surgical literature, the diagnosis is rarely, if ever, made in the obstetric patient unless aspiration pneumonitis is suspected. Unfortunately the usual historic and clinical findings do not differentiate ARF from cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The diagnosis of ARF is based on the finding of pulmonary edema in the absence of an elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. As invasive cardiovascular monitoring is not usually part of the obstetrician's armamentarium, many cases of ARF may be mislabeled and mistreated as cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Four illustrative cases are presented. PMID- 7243146 TI - Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in obstetrics and gynecology by impedance phlebography. AB - The accurate diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis is fundamental in reducing the morbidity and mortality from thromboembolism in obstetrics and gynecology. This is the first report of the use of a noninvasive diagnostic technique, occlusive cuff impedance phlebography (IPG), on an obstetric and gynecologic service. One hundred sixteen patients were examined by IPG with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 95.6% (sensitivity, 87.5%; specificity, 93.8%). Ninety-one patients had symptoms suggestive of deep venous thrombosis, but this diagnosis was confirmed in only 26.3%. The use of IPG to screen high-risk patients prospectively and evaluate patients with pulmonary emboli is discussed. IPG is ideally suited as a diagnostic method in obstetrics and gynecology because it is accurate, noninvasive, and nonradiologic, and it may be performed at the patient's bedside. PMID- 7243148 TI - Multicentric nature of vulvar carcinoma in situ. AB - A detailed histologic and DNA-microspectrophotometric study is presented of 31 lesions selected from 12 of 65 patients with vulvar carcinoma in situ whom the authors have seen. In 6 patients the lesions were multicentric and in 6 they were confluent. The purpose of the study was to determine whether or not there was a measurable biologic difference between these 2 distinctly different clinical lesions that would justify separating them into different categories. A hypothesis as to the clonal evolution of multicentric and confluent vulvar carcinoma is presented based on the authors' findings. PMID- 7243147 TI - Reproductive performance of DES-exposed female progeny. AB - The reproductive performance of 106 patients exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol by maternal ingestion is described. Fetal wastage is high, apparently because of spontaneous abortion during the first and second trimesters. Recommendations are made for preconception counseling of exposed progeny to increase fetal salvage. PMID- 7243149 TI - Role of cryosurgery in the treatment of intraepithelial neoplasia of the uterine cervix. AB - Six hundred five women with varying degrees of intraepithelial neoplasia of the uterine cervix were treated with 4 different modalities: 315 patients were treated with cryosurgery, 43 with electrocautery, 127 with conization, and 120 with hysterectomy. Of the patients undergoing cryosurgical treatment, 83 had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I (mild dysplasia), 172 had CIN II (moderate dysplasia), and 60 had CIN III (severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ). Patients undergoing electrocautery all had either CIN I or II. Of 247 patients undergoing conization and hysterectomy, all had CIN III except for 2 with CIN II. A follow-up study revealed a failure rate of 5.5% in CIN I or II and of 15.5% in CIN III among patients with cryosurgical treatment. Following conization for CIN III, 12.5% of patients had treatment failure; no treatment failure was reported among patients who underwent hysterectomy for CIN III. Cryosurgery and conization were equally successful in treating CIN III. Cryosurgical therapy of CIN is therefore an effective means of treatment, but a precise diagnosis must be established by colposcopy and colposcopically directed biopsy before therapy. Also, restricted criteria should be used with regard to the geographic extent of the disease, and endocervical curettage should be performed as part of the evaluation of patients with CIN undergoing cryotherapy. PMID- 7243150 TI - A new abortion technique: intravaginal and intramuscular prostaglandin. AB - The 15-methyl analog of prostaglandin F2 alpha (15-ME-PGF2 alpha), administered in a 3-mg dose via a single vaginal suppository and supplemented at 24 hours by intramuscular injection(s) of 250 micrograms, successfully induced abortion in 80 of 81 patients in the midtrimester of pregnancy. The mean abortion time was 19.6 hours. Two thirds of the patients aborted after treatment with the suppository alone in a mean time of 14.6 hours; the remaining 27 patients required intramuscular injections of 15-ME-PGF2 alpha to effect expulsion of the products of conception. Twenty-six of these 27 patients subsequently aborted in a mean total abortion time of 29.6 hours. Fifty-eight patients aborted within 24 hours of the initial prostaglandin administration, and 78 aborted by 36 hours. Parity and length of gestation did not significantly affect abortion time in this series, although the mean abortion time for parous patients and patients with gestations earlier than 17 weeks tended to be somewhat shorter than that of nulliparous patients and those with more advanced gestations. The placenta was spontaneously expelled in the majority of patients. Abortion was incomplete in 3 patients and required curettage. Uterine activity, as measured via an intraamniotic catheter in 6 patients, developed very gradually with the suppository, peaking at 3 hours after insertion, and was characterized by regular contractions with low intrauterine baseline tonus. The gastrointestinal side effects that occurred in 59% of patients who received the suppository were also most frequently observed at 3 hours after administration. In contrast the gastrointestinal disturbances elicited by intramuscular injections of the analog immediately followed the administration. PMID- 7243151 TI - Controlling unwarranted medical absenteeism. PMID- 7243153 TI - Respiratory needs in high risk areas. PMID- 7243152 TI - Furniture manufacturing: a step-by-step profile. AB - Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 25 -- furniture and fixtures manufacturing -- covers a variety of furniture products. These include household furniture, office furniture, and institutional furniture as well as partitions and fixtures. Statistically, household furniture accounts for two-thirds of the establishments, sales, and employment in this SIC category and will be emphasized in this presentation. A profile of the household furniture industry (Table 1) indicates that it is very appropriate to discuss this industry in the context of small plants. With 320,000 employees in 5400 plants, the average plant has less than 60 employees. The largest companies in this industry have fever than 7500 employees and account for less than three percent of the total sales each. Except where furniture manufacturing is a subsidiary or division of a larger company, full-time industrial physicians and hygienists are not employed in this industry. A few of the larger companies have full-time safety managers, and nurses are found in some of the larger plants. PMID- 7243154 TI - Surveillance systems: what to include and why. AB - There is no question that exposure to specific substances is associated with an increased risk of developing specific neoplasms. Exposure to soot by chimney sweeps was found to be responsible for scrotal cancer by Sir Percival Pott over 200 years ago. More recently we have obtained evidence of the adverse effect of asbestos fibers, benzene, vinyl chloride, arsenicals, beryllium, and other substances that have been addressed frequently in recent literature. NIOSH publishes a handbook entitled "Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards," which contains 450 chemicals with varying degrees of toxicity, and these represent but a small number of the substances we deal with daily. In this article, the symptoms of short-term overexposure are set forth. What is not presented here, or contained, to a very limited degree, is the risk of low-level exposure over a long period of time. The reason this kind of information is not presented is because we have limited information on this question. In most instances we just do not know what the risks are of long-term exposure or low-level exposure. But we should know this and, the fact is, we do know how to find out. PMID- 7243155 TI - Problem-solving with working mothers. PMID- 7243156 TI - [Clinico-morphological comparisons of the state of blood vessels in the drainage zone of the sclera and iris in various stages of open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7243157 TI - [Fluorescein angiography and angioscopy of the eye in primary glaucoma]. PMID- 7243158 TI - [Use of focusing systems for improvement of the informative value of ultrasonic diagnosis of eye diseases]. PMID- 7243160 TI - [Clinical forms of optic vascular neuropathies in the middle-aged and aged]. PMID- 7243159 TI - [Remote results in the treatment of the initial stage of glaucoma with miotics]. PMID- 7243161 TI - [Further studies on the role of changes in phosphorus and calcium metabolism in the mechanism of progressive myopia in children]. PMID- 7243162 TI - [Preclinical stage of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 7243164 TI - [Method of dacryocystorhinostomy in chronic suppurative dacryocystitis]. PMID- 7243163 TI - [Effect of training on accommodation on its parameters in the initial stage of myopia]. PMID- 7243165 TI - [1-stage combined blepharoplasty in the sequelae of gunshot wounds and burns of the eyelids]. PMID- 7243167 TI - [Classification of changes in the fundus oculi in diabetes]. PMID- 7243166 TI - [Drug treatment of the initial stage of glaucoma]. PMID- 7243169 TI - [Effect of high-frequency ultrasound on metabolic resistance of the retina and optic nerve to toxic lesions]. PMID- 7243168 TI - [Retinal pigment layer, Bruch's membrane and choroid capillaries in experimental toxic tapetoretinal dystrophy]. PMID- 7243170 TI - [Possibilities of social and vocational rehabilitation of patients with aphakia and lens pathology in agricultural milieus]. PMID- 7243171 TI - [Changes in ocular pathology in children based on hospital data]. PMID- 7243172 TI - Vinblastine, cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil (VEF) combination chemotherapy for metastatic hypernephroma. AB - 10 evaluable patients with metastatic hypernephroma received vinblastine (6 mg/m2, i.v., on days 1 and 8), cyclophosphamide (100 mg/m2, p.o., on days 1-14), and 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m2, i.v., on days 1 and 8), cycled every 29 days. 7 of the patients also received dexamethasone (16 mg/day, p.o), shortly before or during chemotherapy, in an attempt to improve their clinical status. No complete or partial responses were seen. 5 pairs (50%) remained stable (median duration, 4.5 months; medium survival, 6.5 months), and the remaining 5 patients progressed. A subjective response was observed in all stable patients, who also received dexamethasone. The side-effects of VEF chemotherapy were mild: 2/10 patients developed leukopenia (WBC below 3,000), 3/10 patients manifested thrombocytopenia (platelets below 100,000), and 3/10 patients alopecia. PMID- 7243174 TI - Implications of oestrogen receptor status in primary breast carcinoma to the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in node-negative cases. AB - Recurrence occurred earlier in a small group of patients with node-negative breast carcinoma with oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumours, than in those in whom the tumour contained ER. The difference, indicative of an intrinsic advantage of an ER-positive tumour, was not seen following adjuvant chemotherapy. This finding could be explained on the basis of changes in the immunological balance between host and tumour brought about by treatment. PMID- 7243173 TI - Ultrastructural and clinical observations on skin metastases from breast cancer patients following intralesional treatment with MER/BCG vaccine. AB - Ultrastructural and clinical investigations were carried out on skin metastases in patients with advanced breast cancer, following intralesional therapy with MER/BCG vaccine. A total of 65 tumoral lesions in 5 patients were injected with MER. Clinical responses were correlated with light and electron microscopic observations. Regressing tumor lesions showed substantial macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration and severe damage to tumor cells. Activated macrophages with secondary lysosomes and contacts between macrophages and tumor cells were widely observed. In 1 patient with limited cellular immune response, clinical regression was not evident and many tumor cells were ultrastructurally intact. PMID- 7243175 TI - Discrimination analysis as a tool for classifying the value of biochemical and immunological tests in lung cancer. AB - The data obtained with routine biochemical, immunological and haematological tests in healthy blood donors and in patients with lung cancer were subjected to discrimination analysis with the aim to select the minimum possible combination of methods with the highest probability of distinguishing between the two groups. Transformation of lymphocytes (TR.LY) after PHA stimulation, formation of E rosettes (E-ROS), and blood glycoproteins (GP) were shown to permit the most complete differentiation between the group of patients and the blood donors. On the basis of the above-mentioned tests the discrimination rule could be defined: IF 52,73249 - 0.45913 X E-ROS - 0.40752 X TR.LY + 0.02790 X GP greater than or equal to 0, then the investigated person is classified as a cancer patient while at values less than 0 the person is classified as a healthy individual. PMID- 7243176 TI - A nontumorigenic (mouse X human) cell hybrid inhibits tumorigenicity of its malignant mouse parent cell and unrelated human tumor cells in vivo. AB - This report describes the modulation of malignant through coinoculation in vivo of a malignant mouse (A9) cell line, and a phenotypically stable, nontumorigenic hybrid clone derived from it by fusion with a transformed mutant human cell. Thus, the tumorigenicity of the A9 cells was suppressed by the hybrid cells, but not by the unrelated normal cells. The hybrid cells also inhibited tumor development of unrelated human cancer cells. PMID- 7243177 TI - Use of inverted intestinal sacs to assess the effect of gastrointestinal insult on carcinogen absorption. AB - Rats were subjected to various forms of treatment in the manner likely to induce gastrointestinal insult. These and control animals were sacrificed and, using inverted sacs, the rate of absorption of either dimethylnitrosamine and benzo(a)pyrene determined. The gastrointestinal injury resulting from the differing treatments did not significantly affect the absorption of benzo(a)pyrene, whereas that of dimethylnitrosamine was significantly increased after each incubation time, most notably by alcohol pretreatment. The results demonstrate that intestinal damage increases the absorption of some carcinogens. PMID- 7243178 TI - The epithelial papillae of the mouse buccal mucosa. PMID- 7243181 TI - A case of splenic artery arising from the superior mesenteric artery. PMID- 7243179 TI - Morphological studies on the union of the frontal bone: blood vessels in the non obliterated frontal suture. PMID- 7243180 TI - Ultrastructural cytochemical studies of horseradish peroxidase uptake by synovial lining cells of the rat temporomandibular joint. PMID- 7243182 TI - Intraocular and episcleral melanoma treated with beta radiation (106Ru/106Rh). AB - A 28-year-old women was treated with beta radiation to a growing episcleral pigmented lesion. 5 years later she developed a choroidal melanoma in the same segment. The recurrent episcleral tumor was excised and proved to be a malignant melanoma. The choroidal tumor was successfully treated with beta radiation. PMID- 7243183 TI - Chromosome 13 deletion syndrome: report of a new case and discussion of the different etiologic patterns of retinoblastoma. AB - A partial monosomy 13 by interstitial deletion was found in the complement of a patient with mental retardation and mild dysmorphic features. Due to the involvement of band q14 in the deletion, an ocular investigation was performed which showed the presence of a retinoblastoma in a preclinical stage. The different patterns of retinoblastoma inheritance are discussed and the importance of an accurate clinical investigation is stressed in all cases in whom chromosomal aberration is known to be associated with neoplasias. PMID- 7243184 TI - [Central serous retinopathy. Etiopathogenetic and clinical considerations (author's transl)]. AB - Etiopathogenetic, clinical and therapeutic study of 24 patients affected with central serous retinopathy, hospitalized in the Ophthalmological Clinic of the University of Bari during the period 1977-1978. After reviewing the main pathogenetic theories on the disease and taking into consideration their own findings, which are also based on specific psychiatric tests, the authors conclude that central serous retinopathy probably has a psychoangiospastic etiopathogenesis. PMID- 7243185 TI - Computer image analysis of the optic disc. AB - A computer method for image analysis of the optic disc is presented. Black and white photographic transparencies of the optic disc were scanned by a scanning television camera. The image was digitized into not more than 4,000 x 4,000 points, each representing a value ranging between 0 and 255 gray levels. The images are depicted in two ways; either in the form of a topographic map (contour) in which the curves join points of identical light intensity, or as a relief that expresses the light intensity of every scanned line. This method emphasizes the qualitative parameters of the disc, and enables a quantitative determination of some disc pathologies. PMID- 7243186 TI - Experience with management of glaucomas by isoglaucon. AB - The authors refer to the experiences with the treatment of glaucoma with isoglaucon of 6 months' duration. The intraocular pressure and the frequency of droppings during the entire period of examination were statistically significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in comparison to the starting values. Neither the visus nor the range of the visual field changed. No statistically significant difference between the starting value for blood pressure and the systolic-diastolic difference during the treatment with isoglaucon (greater than 0.05) could be determined. For 3 of the 29 patients the treatment with isoglaucon had to be discontinued; these 3 patients were later operated upon. PMID- 7243187 TI - Blood staining of the cornea in Hansen's disease. A light- and electron microscopic study. AB - Blood staining of the cornea was studied by light and electron microscopy: a 55 year-old male with Hansen's disease had blood staining of the cornea due to intracorneal hemorrhage; he received a partial-thickness keratoplasty following 1 year after the onset of the staining. The excised specimens revealed deposits of degraded erythrocytes in the stroma. Numerous dense granules, probably of erythrocytic breakdown products, were phagocytosed by macrophages as well as parenchymal cells. The presence of macrophages was limited to the middle part of the stroma in which newly formed vessels were remarkable. PMID- 7243188 TI - Lacrimal lysozyme alterations in experimental protein deficiency. AB - Protein deficiency increases the susceptibility of the host to infection. Depressed phagocytic function, fall in non-specific protective substances of the serum, and poor immune response have all been recorded in the literature. The malnourished population exhibit recurrent ocular infections. The role of local defence mechanisms, principally lysozyme, is not known hitherto. In the present report, protein-deprived weaning Wistar rats showed a significant reduction in lysozyme against Staphylococcus aftermentas. PMID- 7243189 TI - Bilateral abducens nerve palsy. PMID- 7243190 TI - Ataxia telangiectasia. PMID- 7243191 TI - Morphometric and electrophysiologic study of the photoreceptors in the horse. PMID- 7243192 TI - Inferior aponeurosis tucking revisited. PMID- 7243193 TI - The transantral orbital decompression (Ogura technique) as performed by the ophthalmologist: a series of 24 patients. AB - Previous reports of transantral-ethmoidal orbital decompression (Ogura technique) have been published by head and neck surgeons. This is a series of patients who have been operated on and followed by the author, an ophthalmologist. The results, complications, and techniques involved in this surgery are discussed. The feasibility and desirability of the ophthalmologist performing this procedure are considered, as it is the ophthalmologist, who is best able to evaluate the indications, results, and complications of this operation. Finally this paper shows that the cosmetic disfigurement alone, associated with exophthalmos, is a valid indication for the performance of the transantral-ethmoidal decompression. PMID- 7243194 TI - Transplantation of eyebank sclera in the Cutler--Beard method of upper eyelid reconstruction. PMID- 7243195 TI - A new instrument for separating fascia lata in young children. PMID- 7243197 TI - Low concentration eserine therapy for the tonic pupil (Adie) syndrome. PMID- 7243198 TI - Botulinum toxin injection into extraocular muscles as an alternative to strabismus surgery. AB - Sixty-seven injections of botulinum. A toxin were given to patients for correction of strabismus. No systemic complications of any kind have occurred. The maximum time of paralysis occurs four to five days following the injection, and then gradually diminishes, depending on the dose. The maximum correction of strabismus has been 40 prism diopters. The maximum follow-up following injection is six months. Injection of botulinum A toxin into extraocular muscle to weaken the muscle appears to be a practical adjunct or alternative to surgical correction. PMID- 7243196 TI - Effects of the silicone tube on the canaliculus: an animal experiment. AB - A silicone tube is often passed through a fellow normal canaliculus in the treatment of a lacerated canaliculus in order to form a loop in the medial canthus and unite the ends of the tube in the nose. The histopathologic effects of the tube on the canaliculus and the constant frictional trauma caused by movement of the tube with blinking are not known. We intubated both normal and lacerated canaliculi of dogs to determine whether any damage occurred to the normal canaliculus and whether the inflammatory response following surgical repair of canalicular lacerations was prolonged or altered by the tube. We found no significant damage to the normal canaliculus and no increase in the surgical inflammation. Following the repair of a laceration, the canalicular epithelial layer healed along the silicone tube in spite of the constant frictional trauma. These findings support the safety of the use of the silicone tube in the treatment of canalicular disorders. PMID- 7243200 TI - Disorders of the fundus. 8. Geographic (serpiginous) choroidopathy. PMID- 7243201 TI - Ophthalmic manifestations of metastatic breast cancer. AB - Metastatic breast cancer is the most common primary tumor metastasizing to the ocular structures. An analysis of 30 patients demonstrated a wide spectrum of ophthalmic manifestations including cranial nerve involvement, brain involvement with papilledema, Horner's syndrome, and choroidal and orbital tumors. The mean age of patients presenting with an ophthalmic sign was 54 years and the mean interval from the diagnosis of breast cancer to the development of the ophthalmic sign was 4.9 years. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was useful in confirming the diagnosis of metastatic disease as it was elevated in 18 of the 22 patients in whom it was measured. The estrogen receptor assay, performed on metastatic tissue removed from the orbit, can indicate the sensitivity of the breast cancer to hormonal therapy. PMID- 7243202 TI - Diabetic traction retinal detachment. Factors influencing final visual acuity. AB - A group of eyes with clear media and diabetic traction retinal detachments treated with vitreous surgery were statistically analyzed to identify those parameters that would allow us to improve case selection. The configuration of the retinal detachment proved to be important, with hammock and flat diffuse central detachments having a good prognosis, and highly elevated, atrophic detachments such as table-top and tent-shaped demonstrating a poor prognosis. Eyes with florid diabetic retinopathy did less well than those with more inactive forms of retinopathy. Preretinal membranectomy, although accompanied by an increased rate of iatrogenic retinal tears, has a definite role in the treatment of more complex traction detachments and increases the number of eyes that may benefit from surgery. Eyes with preoperative vision better than 5/200 did significantly better than eyes with poorer preoperative vision. PMID- 7243199 TI - Ascorbic acid in the treatment of alkali burns of the eye. AB - Severe ocular alkali burns in rabbits result in a decrease in aqueous humor ascorbate levels to one-third normal levels. If this deficiency is reversed by immediate treatment with parenteral or topical ascorbate, there is a significantly decreased incidence of subsequent corneal ulceration and perforation. The morphologic changes in these ulcerating corneas are typical of those noted in scorbutus (scurvy). It is concluded that alkali injury to the ciliary epithelial transport processes or ciliary body vasculature results in localized deficiency of ascorbic acid in the aqueous humor and cornea. The development of corneal ulceration is thought to be based on this deficiency which results in the failure of fibroblasts to produce sufficient collagen for repair. A randomized clinical trial of ascorbic acid in the treatment of human alkali burned eyes is now underway. PMID- 7243203 TI - Closed vitrectomy in the management of diabetic traction retinal detachment. AB - One hundred and seventy-four instances of diabetic traction retinal detachment in which the patient underwent closed vitrectomy during the period of January 1970 to December 1978 and had adequate follow-up ranging from six months to five years are reported. As a rule, eyes with vision better than 20/200, or with inaccurate light projection, or with no response to electrophysiologic tests were excluded. The surgical technique avoided stripping of vitreous membranes. Closed vitrectomy was combined with scleral buckling in eyes with retinal breaks, and with scleral resection in eyes with incomplete section of traction membranes. Anatomic improvement was noted in 75.3% of the eyes; vision improved in 64.9% of the eyes; new or recurrent vitreous hemorrhage was observed in 43.1%; corneal decompensation in 51.8%, rubeosis iridis in 23.0%, phthisis bulbi in 9.2%, iatrogenic retinal break in 8.6%, postoperative rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 5.2%, and iatrogenic cataract in 4.6%. PMID- 7243204 TI - Cystoid macular edema after retinal detachment surgery. AB - One hundred eyes in 98 patients were studied by fluorescein angiography and stereo color photography six weeks after successful scleral buckling surgery. Twenty-five percent of 67 phakic eyes and 40% of 33 aphakic eyes demonstrated cystoid macular edema. Older phakic patients were at significantly greater risk to develop cystoid macular edema than younger phakic patients. Seventeen percent of successfully repaired eyes demonstrated distortion of the macula by preretinal membranes; 16 of these 17 eyes showed leakage of fluorescein dye into the surrounding retina sometimes also causing cystoid edema. Either cystoid macular edema or macular distortion was present in 38% of the phakic eyes and 64% of the phakic eyes after successful retinal detachment surgery. PMID- 7243205 TI - Unilateral Purtscher's retinopathy. AB - Four patients with unilateral Purtscher's retinopathy are described. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated impaired arteriolar flow, capillary non-perfusion, venous staining, retinal edema, and optic disc edema. Resolution exceeded three months with variable degrees of permanent visual loss, optic atrophy, and pigment epithelial alteration. The pathogenesis of Purtscher's retinopathy is unknown. Arterial embolization, possibly air from the lungs, seems to be the most plausible explanation. PMID- 7243206 TI - Contrast sensitivity in retinal disease. AB - Central vision in patients with retinal disorders has been studied with sinusoidal grating patterns. Impaired detection of fine high-contrast gratings has been observed in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and glaucoma despite 20/20 vision. Abnormal contrast sensitivity to coarse gratings occurred in patients with certain macular disorders and occasional glaucoma patients, some with near-normal Snellen acuity. Thus, contrast sensitivity measurements demonstrate central visual deficits not apparent with Snellen testing. PMID- 7243207 TI - Exposure of intrascleral implants. AB - Exposure of an intrascleral implant occurred in 17 (2.4%) of 709 patients, between six days and 8.5 years after a scleral buckling procedure. Factors associated with the exposure process included (1) an implant located on the temporal portion of the globe and/or an anteriorly placed implant; (2) large implant; (3) thin sclera or scleral dehiscence; (4) multiple operations; and (5) bacterial contamination. The period between diagnosis of an exposed implant and surgical removal ranged between three days and seven months with an average interval of 2.1 months. Sixteen of the 17 exposed implants required removal. Retinal detachment with massive vitreous retraction associated with removal of the implant in one case was the only complication. PMID- 7243208 TI - C-reactive protein in giant cell (cranial, temporal) arteritis. AB - A controlled study of C-reactive protein in patients with and without temporal arteritis was performed. C-reactive protein was elevated in 10 of 11 patients with biopsy-proven temporal arteritis before treatment. It was positive in 14 of 32 control patients with negative temporal artery biopsies. This difference is statistically significant. C-reactive protein was elevated in 6 to 9 (depending on the adequacy of therapy) of 34 patients with temporal arteritis after corticosteroids were started. C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate are positively correlated in untreated arteritis. Clinical correlation showed C-reactive protein was more sensitive than the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in following the adequacy of corticosteroid dosages in temporal arteritis probably because many more noninflammatory factors influence erythrocyte sedimentation than influence C-reactive protein. PMID- 7243209 TI - Marginal corneal ulceration (limbal guttering) as a presenting sign of temporal arteritis. AB - A 68-year-old white woman was seen because of pain in each eye associated with the development of a marginal corneal ulceration (limbal guttering) bilaterally. Subsequently, the patient developed swelling over the bridge of the nose, painful necrotic lesions of the fingernail beds, scalp, on one knee, and conjunctival ulceration with scleral thinning. Medical examination revealed a markedly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. A temporal artery biopsy specimen was positive for giant cell arteritis. The skin and ocular lesions resolved when the patient was given systemic corticosteroid therapy. The systemic and ocular manifestations of giant cell arteritis and the differential diagnosis and cause of limbal guttering are discussed. PMID- 7243210 TI - 3. Phenylephrine hydrochloride. AB - Phenylephrine hydrochloride is a potent, effective, relatively safe drug with few ocular side effects. Side effects from topical instillation are uncommon but include severe systemic cardiovascular effects with elevated blood pressure and stroke. Ten percent phenylephrine should be used with caution in patients with known cardiac disease, hypertension, aneurysms, long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes, or advanced arteriosclerosis. A 2.5% concentration is generally indicated for ophthalmic examination as well as for use in infants and in the elderly. Phenylephrine should not be used in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, and it is also contraindicated in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7243211 TI - 7. Pseudometastatic lesions of the choroid. AB - A 64-year-old man with a six-month history of visual loss was found to have multiple darkly pigmented lesions scattered throughout the choroid of both eyes. Some lesions, up to several disc diameters in size, were flat, but others were elevated one to two millimeters. The right eye also contained a darkly pigmented ciliary body mass. Impairment of light transmission was striking. Ultrasonography of the elevated lesions demonstrated solid masses with high internal reflectivity. The initial diagnostic differential included the possibility of pigmented metastases from a primary tumor elsewhere, as well as multiple primary nevi. A general medical examination demonstrated arteriosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, areas of patchy pigmentation of the oral mucosa, and a hilar prominence. A mediastinal lymph node biopsy specimen showed a grade 3 undifferentiated carcinoma compatible with a lung primary carcinoma. Enlargement of the choroidal lesions was observed until the patient's death 15 months later. Autopsy showed an undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung with widespread metastases. Each eye showed multiple discrete benign melanocytomas within a diffuse nevus involving the entire uveal tract. The nature of the relationship between multiple uveal melanocytomas and the systemic carcinoma is uncertain, but recognition of multiple uveal melanocytomas warrants a general medical examination to exclude primary malignancy elsewhere. PMID- 7243212 TI - Virology symposium. PMID- 7243213 TI - Herpes infections in the immunosuppressed host. AB - Very recent studies indicate that a primitive immune system plays an important role in resisting herpesvirus infections in the mouse. This system appears to be reflected by the NK cell assay and preliminary data suggest that this test reflects resistance in man to herpesvirus infections. We propose that ths system may be responsible for resistance to reactivated herpesvirus infections and its suppression might result in clinically apparent disease. Studies in our laboratory are currently aimed at evaluating this possibility. PMID- 7243214 TI - Late ocular complications in congenital rubella syndrome. AB - Ocular consequences of the congenital rubella syndrome are not limited to abnormalities noted in the neonatal period. Additional abnormalities may appear years and even decades after birth. Thirteen patients are presented in whom glaucoma has been diagnosed 3 to 22 years after birth. This acquired form of glaucoma has occurred in microphthalmic eyes in all but two cases. In all patients, the lens was cataractous early in life and had either been removed surgically or had been absorbed spontaneously. The diagnosis of late onset glaucoma appears to be difficult to make and is often overlooked. A smaller but overlapping group of patients with congenital rubella syndrome had keratic precipitates without other evidence of acute ocular inflammation. Recognition of these late ocular complications is particularly relevant, since the affected youngsters born during the last major US rubella epidemic in the early 1960s are now reaching late adolescence. PMID- 7243215 TI - Evaluation of clinical stereoacuity tests. AB - Sixty children ages two to seven were separated into two age-matched groups of thirty each, one consisting of a group of normal children, and the other a strabismic-anisometropic group. All subjects were examined with four currently available stereoacuity tests, the RDE, Randot, Titmus, and the TNO. Significant differences in performance were found between the two groups. Across all tests there was a 10 to 17% over-referral rate and a 33-37% under-referral rate. Untestability in the normal group ranged from 3.3-6.7% across tests, while in the patient group it ranged from 3.3-20.0%. The under-referral rate is unacceptable and casts doubt on the value of our present stereoacuity tests in screening for subtle defects in binocular function in the young child. PMID- 7243216 TI - Changes in the binocular fixation patterns and the visually evoked potential in the treatment of esotropia with amblyopia. AB - Using the binocular fixation pattern (BFP) and the visually evoked potential (VEP), thirteen amblyopic patients with comitant, non-accommodative esotropia with an angle range up to 30 delta were studied before and during occlusion therapy. A graded BFP with a stronger preferred fixation could be used to diagnose amblyopia. The BFP, however, showed no significant change with therapy despite improvement in acuity. In contrast, the VEP amplitudes, initially reduced in amblyopia, increased significantly as the vision responded to patching. The VEP was useful in diagnosing strabismic amblyopia and giving a predictive range of acuities. PMID- 7243219 TI - Visual acuities of monocular IOL and non-IOL aphakic children. AB - The vision of 341 monocular aphakic children was corrected with contact lens, intraocular lens, or spectacles and the visual results of each series were compared. The acquired and infantile contact lens and IOL cataract patients achieved similar levels of aphakic visual acuities. Seventy percent of the IOL and 64% of the contact lens-acquired cataract patients achieved 20/20 to 20/40, while 22% of the IOL and 16% of the contact lens infantile cataract patients also reached this level. Twenty patients wore monocular spectacles and none achieved adequate levels of visual rehabilitation. Forty-six patients were unable to wear or did not receive aphakic correction because of patient or parental refusal or ocular pathologic contraindications. PMID- 7243218 TI - Succinyldicholine-induced return of the eyes to the basic deviation: a motion picture study. AB - Succinyldicholine 2 mg/kg body weight returned the eyes of 20 anesthetized subjects to the same basic horizontal position as when conscious. The distance between the two eyes, as measured from motion pictures, agreed when the patient was in the conscious state and succinyldicholine-stimulated unconscious state by 99 +/- 10%. Since succinyldicholine has been shown by others to selectively produce a sustained contraction of en grappe muscle fibers, these muscle fibers are implicated as determinants of the basic ocular position and a cause of strabismus. PMID- 7243217 TI - Succinylcholine alteration of the forced duction test. AB - Prior to strabismus surgery, succinylcholine produces a sustained contraction of the extraocular muscles that interferes with an accurate interpretation of the forced duction test (FDT) for up to 20 minutes. Pancuronium, a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant, does not alter the FDT. Suggestions are given for management of anesthetic induction with or without muscle relaxants to facilitate intubation. PMID- 7243220 TI - Correction of enophthalmos in the anophthalmic orbit. AB - Enophthalmos with an associated superior sulcus syndrome is a common finding in the anophthalmic socket. Two common causes are: (1) progressive relaxation of the lower eyelid leading to downward migration of the prosthesis and associated ectropion formation; and (2) decreased volume of the orbit. Relaxation of the lower eyelid is corrected with repair and support using autogenous fascia lata. Decreased volume of the orbit is corrected with implantation of RTV silicone. The surgical techniques, surgical complications, ocular prosthetic modifications and follow-up on 20 patients are discussed. PMID- 7243221 TI - Ocular pathology for clinicians. 8. Orbital cellulitis. AB - Orbital cellulitis secondary to sinusitis has been the most common cause of proptosis in children. A case report is presented which emphasizes that the signs and laboratory findings in orbital cellulitis may be confusing, especially when modified by prior antibiotics. When orbital cellulitis is a possibility, adequate antibiotic therapy should be instituted while diagnostic studies are being performed. CT scanning is a new and useful modality for the evaluation of these patients, but cautious and experienced interpretation is essential. In patients who do not respond promptly to appropriate medical therapy, surgical intervention is indicated for drainage and biopsy. PMID- 7243222 TI - Sequential retinal breaks following a spontaneous initial retinal break. PMID- 7243223 TI - Iatrogenic intraocular injection of depot corticosteroid and its surgical removal using the pars plana approach. AB - A four-year-old girl, while undergoing a repeat excisional biopsy for a progressive orbital hemangioma, sustained an accidental intraocular injection of methylprednisolone acetate (Depo-Medrol) resulting in a mass of intravitreal and subretinal depot material as well as a retinal tear, retinal detachment, and rapid cataract formation. Pars plana lensectomy, vitrectomy, xenon arc endophotocoagulation and air fluid-gas exchange techniques were used to restore the ocular tissues for visual functions in the affected eye and to save the globe from the devastating toxic effects of the vehicles in the depot corticosteroid preparation. PMID- 7243224 TI - Retinal arterial obstruction in children and young adults. AB - The records of 27 patients who developed retinal arterial obstruction (RAO) prior to the age of 30 years were studied to ascertain associated systemic and ocular findings as possible etiologic factors. A history of migraine was found in approximately one third of the patients, and coagulation abnormalities wer also common. Trauma, sickle cell hemoglobinopathies, cardiac disorders, use of oral contraceptives, pregnancy, systemic lupus erythematosus and intravenous drug abuse were less frequently encountered. Ocular abnormalities included increased intraocular pressure, subtle buried drusen of the optic nerve head and a congenital prepapillary arterial loop. In contrast to older patients with RAO, there was no clinical evidence of atheromatous disease. In most patients, one or more systemic or ocular etiologic factors could be discerned. Whereas etiologic relationships may be multifactorial and generally differ from those commonly found in older patients with RAO, the visual prognosis in younger and older patients appears to be similar. PMID- 7243226 TI - Conjunctival cysts of the orbit following enucleation. AB - Four patients developed orbital conjunctival cysts following enucleation. The cysts were demonstrated by ultrasonography and computerized tomography and confirmed by histopathology. They were lined by a non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium without goblet cells and contained fluid with mucinous strands. They were excised at eight, seven, and seven, and 25 years post enucleation, respectively, the latter being the longest interval yet recorded. A simple classification of conjunctival cysts of the orbit is proposed and the mechanisms of the development of cysts in anophthalmic sockets are discussed. The effects of secretory rate and cyst growth are reviewed and surgical management in prevention and treatment of these lesions is outlined. PMID- 7243227 TI - A comparative analysis of anterior chamber, iris-supported, capsule-fixated, and posterior chamber intraocular lenses following cataract extraction by phacoemulsification. AB - Representative lens styles of four different intraocular lens groups after cataract extraction by phacoemulsification are compared. Certain cases were excluded to minimize inconsistency. Postoperative visual acuities and complications of each lens type are compared. PMID- 7243225 TI - Computerized axial tomography in the detection of intraocular foreign bodies. AB - CAT scanning was used in the localization of intraocular and periorbital foreign bodies in 36 consecutive patients. The method was found to be convenient, well tolerated by the patient, and provided accurate and useful clinical information. Six cases are described to illustrate clinical situations where traditional localizing methods were unable to supply satisfactory information and where CAT scanning proved to be of significant assistance. This included uncooperative patients, multiple foreign bodies, anterior foreign bodies, and foreign bodies adjacent to the posterior scleral wall. PMID- 7243228 TI - Differential intraocular pressure in strabismus diagnosis. AB - An evaluation of the differential intraocular pressure test in the diagnosis of non-comitant strabismus is described and the results compared with findings in ten normal subjects. Increased intraocular pressure occurring when an eye cannot complete a full duction indicates both the existence of a restriction and the presence of underlying muscle force generation. The differential intraocular pressure test is easily performed, non-invasive, generally reliable, and can be performed on children who are unlikely to cooperate with other types of diagnostic procedures. Although false-negative results may occur, this test nevertheless provides useful additional information to that normally obtained in a motility examination. When combined with passive forced ductions, an accurate picture of both active and passive components of the strabismus may be determined. PMID- 7243229 TI - Microcomputer applications in clinical ophthalmology. AB - An Apple II computer was programmed for use as a clinical tool in ophthalmology. Currently, eleven distinct programs compose the Ophthalmology Program Library (OPL). These are used in diagnostic and therapeutic situations and are based on equations in physiologic optics. Problems in intraocular lens power calculation, astigmatism control, and spectacle over-refraction with spherocylinder addition (among others) are discussed. To demonstrate the usability of such a system, programs concerned with postcataract extraction astigmatism are discussed in depth. Practicing ophthalmologists should find this system of clinical value. PMID- 7243231 TI - Antiproteolytic activities found in human tears. AB - Human tears were found to inhibit the thiol-dependent protease, papain. Inhibitory activity in normal tears was compared with that in patients with blepharitis, infectious and allergic conjunctivitis, and herpes simplex. Activities lower than normal were found in some patients with infectious conjunctivitis and blepharitis. Higher than normal activities were found in patients with herpes simplex and allergic conjunctivitis. Differences from normal values were found to be statistically significant in allergic conjunctivitis and blepharitis by analyses of sample medians, means, and geometric means. A function of this inhibitor in external ocular inflammations is suggested. PMID- 7243232 TI - Pilocarpine. PMID- 7243233 TI - Tamoxifen retinopathy. A clinicopathologic report. AB - A 57-year-old woman with metastatic breast carcinoma treated by surgery and high dosage tamoxifen chemotherapy developed tamoxifen retinopathy characterized by white superficial refractile retinal lesions primarily in the paramacular area. At postmortem examination, the retinal lesions seen clinically were identified as being 3 to 10 microns in diameter in the macular area, and 30 to 35 microns in diameter in the paramacular area. The lesions were confined to the nerve fiber layer and inner plexiform layer and stained positive with stains for glycosaminoglycans. Electron microscopic examination revealed that the smaller lesions were intracellular and the larger lesions extracellular. The lesions were composed of randomly oriented branching electron dense 6-nm filaments accompanied by occasional electron dense coated vesicles measuring 60 to 70 nn in diameter. The lesions appeared to be occurring in axons and seemed to represent products of axonal degeneration. PMID- 7243230 TI - The use of slow-release artificial tears in the long-term management of keratitis sicca. AB - Fifty-eight patients with keratitis sicca were enrolled in a long-term study to test the effectiveness of slow-release artificial tears (SRAT). The average follow up period of 39 weeks, with a range of 9 to 136 weeks. Forty-six (79%) are still being followed. Almost all of these patients have had marked relief from their symptoms and a significant decrease in corneal abnormalities. The high rate of success in this patient population was probably due in large part to patient selection, that is, patients were quite symptomatic and had been symptomatic for an average of three years prior to entering this study. For patients with fairly severe keratitis sicca for whom artificial tears alone are insufficient, SRAT offers an important and practical means of markedly decreasing symptoms and improving vision with ony minor side effects. PMID- 7243234 TI - Symposium on peripheral nerve injuries. PMID- 7243237 TI - An algorithm for management of peripheral nerve injuries. PMID- 7243236 TI - Electromyography: its use and misuse in peripheral nerve injuries. AB - Normal electromyograms and nerve conduction velocities have been briefly presented. Some of the factors that affect the outcome of the results of EMG and NCV testing have been enumerated. Although the approach of this article is negativistic, electrodiagnosis is a valuable tool to aid the clinician in many situations. Because of the many variables, careful interpretation of the results is essential, whether those results are positive or negative. The most important variable, the one upon which all the other variables rise or fall, is the knowledge and skill of the electromyographer performing the study. Choose carefully. PMID- 7243235 TI - Physical diagnosis of peripheral nerve injuries. PMID- 7243238 TI - The anatomic foundation of peripheral nerve repair techniques. PMID- 7243239 TI - Epineurial repair. PMID- 7243240 TI - Interfascicular nerve repair. AB - The technique of nerve repair that results in the greatest percentage of regeneration of axons into their original end organs will result in the greatest functional return and the best result. Of prime importance is the motor-to-motor and sensory-to-sensory axonal orientation. Anatomic and physiologic data, as well as technical expertise, must be utilized for precise nerve approximation. To this end, fascicular repair under high-power magnification is an attempt to achieve the best alignment and coaptation of the neural elements. PMID- 7243241 TI - Interfascicular nerve grafting. PMID- 7243242 TI - Brachial plexus surgery. PMID- 7243243 TI - Neurolysis. AB - A proposal for classification of neurolysis and standardization of descriptive terms of neurolysis is made based on the anatomy of the peripheral nerves, particularly the connective tissue layers, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium. The techniques of neurolysis are explained. Our animal studies demonstrate that following saline neurolysis, epineurectomy, or interfascicular neurolysis, fibrosis usually occurs in the epineurial layer, regardless of the method of neurolysis used. These findings indicate that neurolysis should be considered only if the scarring in or about the nerve is worse than would be produced by the neurolysis procedure itself. The results of neurolysis for those lesions that have remained in continuity and have failed to recover after an appropriate interval of observation seem to indicate that the procedure is worthwhile in this situation. After review of the literature, we conclude that there is no clinical or experimental series that would give clear guidelines for neurolysis following a repair of loss of continuity of the nerve trunk. With new techniques of nerve stimulation and intraoperative recording, perhaps interfascicular neurolysis will become a more valuable surgical procedure. PMID- 7243244 TI - Rehabilitation of peripheral nerve injuries. AB - Rehabilitation of the patient with a peripheral nerve injury requires knowledge, understanding, and cooperation between the patient, the physician, and the therapist. Careful documentation of the patient's status prior to beginning rehabilitation and periodic follow-up assessments are of utmost importance. We have presented a detailed scheme for initial and follow-up evaluation. Prevention of unnecessary stiffness, swelling, and contractures is emphasized. Education of the patient to prevent the individual from doing further damage to the anesthetic area is important. Proper splinting techniques, from the postoperative splint and cast to splints that prevent deformities as well as overcome established contractures and improve function, will aid in the patient's recovery. Desensitization is an important aspect of sensory recovery, and sensory reeducation will aid in recovery of sensibility. Early tendon transfers are found to be particularly advantageous for high radial and median nerve palsies to gain functional recovery earlier and to allow the patient to become brace-free sooner. PMID- 7243245 TI - Tendon transfers for irreparable nerve damage in the hand. PMID- 7243246 TI - Classification and management of the shoulder in birth palsy. PMID- 7243247 TI - Tendon transfers for peripheral nerve injuries of the lower extremity. AB - 1. Nerve injuries in the lower extremity not infrequently result in paralysis of the muscles innervated by the injured nerve. 2. Disability caused by residual paralysis can be reduced by appropriate muscle transfers. 3. Deformity must be corrected before muscle transfer. 4. The most useful transfers in the lower extremities are the transfer of the tibialis posterior tendon anteriorly for correction of the equinovarus deformity of peroneal nerve injury; the transfer of the tibialis anterior with or without the peroneus longus to the calcaneus to prevent calcaneus deformity caused by loss of the triceps surae; and the transfers of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus to the patella to replace a paralyzed quadriceps. 5. Stability in the lower extremity is of prime importance and, if significant foot deformity is present at the time of transfer, a triple or subtalar arthrodesis is indicated as an associated procedure in transfers about the ankle. PMID- 7243248 TI - [Pathogenesis of polycystic kidneys diagnosed at birth]. PMID- 7243249 TI - [Estriol elimination in pregnant women]. PMID- 7243250 TI - [Complications of temporary pacemaker therapy in oxyologic practice]. PMID- 7243251 TI - [Current problems of the preparation of subcutaneous arteriovenous fistulae]. PMID- 7243252 TI - [Determination of cholinesterase activity from postmortem blood samples by the modified Ellmann method]. PMID- 7243253 TI - [The outdated Whitehead operation]. PMID- 7243254 TI - [Radiologic signs of a malfunctioning artificial heart valve]. PMID- 7243256 TI - [Value of blood coagulation tests in the differential diagnosis of acute cerebrovascular accidents (preliminary report)]. PMID- 7243258 TI - [Trichobezoar of the stomach causing acute abdominal symptoms]. PMID- 7243255 TI - [Early stomach cancer cases in Hungary in the light of 2 European surveys]. PMID- 7243257 TI - [Effect of fluoride on hypercalcemia caused by intravenous calcium loading]. PMID- 7243263 TI - [Ambulatory anesthesiologic examination]. PMID- 7243259 TI - [Complications of the Leveen shunt as reflected in current data from the literature]. PMID- 7243262 TI - [10-year experience with obligatory registration of amputees]. PMID- 7243261 TI - [A new method for the double-contrast study of the esophagus]. PMID- 7243260 TI - [1st case of Bombay blood group in Hungary (preliminary report)]. PMID- 7243264 TI - [Benign symmetrical lipomatosis]. PMID- 7243265 TI - [Integration of anesthesiology, perioperative and intensive care and conditions of specialized training]. PMID- 7243266 TI - [Aseptic necroses of the talus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243267 TI - [Experimental investigation of growth conditions of long bones after cryotreatment of the epiphysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243269 TI - [Aseptic necroses of the spine: differential diagnosis and treatment of the vertebra plana (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243268 TI - [Aseptic osteonecrosis: a sequestric transformation? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243270 TI - [Lunate malacia (kienbock's disease)]. PMID- 7243271 TI - [Kienbock's disease: comparison of Graner's procedure with silastic endoprosthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243274 TI - [Intra-articular pressure rise influencing epiphyseal blood circulation. An experimental model (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243273 TI - [Experiences with the Steinhauser operation technique in progressive lunatum malazie: a long-term follow-up study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243275 TI - [Morbus Dieterich, osteonecrosis metacarpalis III (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243276 TI - [Osteochondrosis dissecans of the distal radio ulnar joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243277 TI - [Osteonecroses of the elbow joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243278 TI - [A long-term follow-up study in osteochondrosis dissecans of the hip after treatment with varisation osteotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243280 TI - [A cartilage bone plastic of the femoral head in osteochondrosis dissecans (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243281 TI - [Tibia osteotomy in the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243279 TI - [Posttraumatic osteochondrosis dissecans of the femoral head. A case of revitalizing bone plasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243282 TI - [Our method of extra-articular dissected fixation in osteochondrosis dissecans of the knee (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243272 TI - [Shortening osteotomy of the radius in the treatment of Kienbock's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243285 TI - [Etiology of the osteochondrosis dissecans of the talus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243286 TI - [Dissected bone and cysts of the trochlea tali (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243284 TI - [X-ray-caused necroses in bone and cartilagic tissues of the epiphysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243283 TI - [Results in the operative treatment of osteochondrosis dissecans of the knee joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243287 TI - [Our technique of extraarticular screw fixation of osteochondrosis dissecans tali medialis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243290 TI - Physician fights against prescription drug abuse. PMID- 7243289 TI - Court upholds revocation of physician's license. PMID- 7243291 TI - The soaring cost of a day in the hospital. PMID- 7243288 TI - In some malpractice suits, CAT fund is primary insurer. PMID- 7243293 TI - Phasing down your obligations as retirement approaches. PMID- 7243292 TI - Keeping a professional corporation intact. PMID- 7243294 TI - Changes in children's psychiatric services. PMID- 7243295 TI - Sarcoidosis of the foramen magnum. PMID- 7243296 TI - Mushroom poisoning in Berks county. PMID- 7243298 TI - Experience with sulphamethoxazole (SMZ)/trimethoprim (TMP) combination in purulent meningitis not responding to conventional microbial therapy. PMID- 7243299 TI - Ferrous sulfate liquid for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. PMID- 7243300 TI - An oral electrolyte solution with glucose for oral rehydration in diarrhea with mild and moderate dehydration. PMID- 7243297 TI - HIS bundle electrocardiogram in children with secundum atrial septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus. PMID- 7243301 TI - Neuroblastoma in a newborn infant. PMID- 7243303 TI - Aortic and mitral valve replacement in children or adults with small valvular annulus. AB - Two methods are described for enlarging the aortic and mitral valvular annuli. The first method is aortoventriculoplasty, the results of which are reported here in 7 patients with small aortic annulus and in 4 cases with stenotic aortic valvular prosthesis inserted previously. The second method is developed for enlargement of the mitral ring to insert larger mitral valvular prosthesis. In this method the aortic and mitral annuli are split through a conventional incision and patched after mitral and aortic valve replacement with larger prostheses are done. This method is used in an 8-year-old boy with success. Both methods have proved to be useful especially in children and the results are very encouraging so that they could be accepted in the repertoire of the cardiac surgeon. PMID- 7243302 TI - Arrhythmias in infants and children. AB - A general discussion of arrhythmias as followed by a brief description of two of the commonly encountered dysrhythmias in the pediatric age group, i.e., paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and complete AV block. The use of verapamil a slow-channel blocker in the treatment of the former is described. The problems of permanent cardiac pacing in children are also dealt with. PMID- 7243304 TI - Systemic hypertension in children. AB - Hypertension is a common disease which may often be modified, sometimes cured and, perhaps in some cases, prevented. This communication emphasizes the importance of obtaining blood pressure measurements in children no later than at the age of 3 years and sequentially thereafter, and stresses the importance of using techniques for measuring blood pressure which assure accuracy. Levels of blood pressure readings diagnostic of hypertension are suggested. The evaluation of hypertensive children is outlined. The classification and differential diagnosis of hypertension is reviewed. Current concepts in nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapy for hypertension in children and youths are presented. Therapy for acute hypertensive crisis is described. PMID- 7243305 TI - Priorities of pediatric cardiology in the developed and developing countries. AB - Congenital heart disease and pediatric cardiology problems exist all over the world. The approach, however, including diagnosis and management varies considerably depending on manpower available, the clinical facility and the sociophilosophical climate prevailing in different parts of the world. In this article the priorities existing in the developed and developing countries concerning the approach to pediatric cardiology problems are discussed from the point of view of patient load, facilities available, teaching and research in this large field of highly specialized pediatric practice. PMID- 7243306 TI - Ten common congenital cardiac defects. Diagnosis and management. AB - Despite the decline of birth rate and the advancement attained toward prevention and early diagnosis and therapy, congenital heart disease remains a problem of major importance, particularly for the practitioner who is the first in the line of medical professionals to diagnose, treat, and counsel patients and family. In this article the diagnosis and management of congenital cardiac defects are discussed with clarity and appropriate detail that is necessary for proper and meaningful understanding and handling of these entities. The text is supplemented with a wide number of properly executed illustrations and tables that summarize the most important pertinent findings. PMID- 7243307 TI - Structural congenital heart disease in the newborn. Its differentiation from nonstructural cardiac or pulmonary disease. AB - This article discusses structural congenital heart disease in the newborn. Emphasis is given to the clinical and laboratory diagnosis including the indication for cardiac catheterization and angiography. The discussion includes the group of cyanotic, noncyanotic and other structural congenital heart diseases, as well as the group of neonatal cardiopulmonary distress without structural heart disease. An outline of the general management of these entities is included in the presentation. PMID- 7243308 TI - Noninvasive approach to congenital heart disease. PMID- 7243309 TI - Complications of heart disease in children. Congestive heart failure, cyanotic spells and infective endocarditis. PMID- 7243310 TI - Research and Methodology in general pediatrics. A Swiss experience. PMID- 7243311 TI - Methodology in research applied to pediatric office practice. PMID- 7243312 TI - What seven pediatricians in middle Europe observed and did in their office practice from August 1979 to March 1980. AB - The authors present the systematization of medical documentation in pediatric practice checked with 5,721 recordings of consultations. General statistics and comparative statistics of 7 pediatric offices are shown. The system serves today as basic documentation for scientific retrieval and is planned to be integrated in an on-line medical information system providing features as patients' follow up, indications of laboratory values, treatment, and facturation. PMID- 7243314 TI - Urinary tract infections in pediatric practice. A comparative study of three diagnostic tools: dip-slides, bacterioscopy and leucocyturia. AB - 1,261 fresh urine specimens of patients of a pediatric office were examined by optical microscope and cultured on dip-slides (Urotube). 132 pathological bacteriurias, representing 95 certain episodes of UTI, served as reference material. The bacteriuria, leucocyturia and bacterioscopy were analysed by means of four validity tests: sensitivity test, predictive value of negative test, specificity test, and predictive value of positive test. The comparison shows that bacterioscopy is as valuable as dip-slides, provided that (a) only the clearly or highly positive bacterioscopies, or (b) the associated bacterioscopy and leucocyturia--but only double negative or double positive--be considered. PMID- 7243315 TI - Introduction of medical informatics in the pediatric office practice. PMID- 7243313 TI - Short treatment of urinary tract infections in children. AB - 111 episodes of acute urinary tract infection in children without urinary tract malformations were treated by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, either during 3 days or during 7-10 days. Cure rate attained almost 100%. Recurrence rates of the first infection were similar after short treatment (29.6%) and after conventional treatment (30%). It is concluded that uncomplicated urinary tract infection in ambulatory practice may be treated safely and successfully by only 3 days of an appropriate antimicrobial. PMID- 7243316 TI - Accidents in children: the potential contribution of the pediatrician to the field research approach. AB - Preventing injuries means using epidemiological knowledge of accidents. In order to increase this knowledge on accidents in childhood, field research is badly needed, in addition to other approaches. First, a comparison of the main characteristics of three of these approaches is presented. Second, the authors try to demonstrate why, in their opinion, the contribution of the practising pediatrician in this kind of applied research is to be considered as: (a) interesting for him; (b) fruitful in terms of data gathering and analysis, and (c) useful for all children and their family in terms of future, more specific preventive action. Some preliminary results of the data systematically collected by the members of GREPA illustrate this position taken by the authors. PMID- 7243317 TI - A lesson on negativism in the toddler. Preceded by some considerations on the teaching of general pediatrics. AB - This study presents observations about certain preliminary conditions necessary for the practicing physician's teaching ambulatory pediatrics. The author's practical experience is cited in the transcription of a lesson about 'negativism in the toddler', and a sensorimotor psychodynamic concept is proposed to explain the child's oppositional behavior: the unusual energy potential at this age, the immediacy of an act, an object concept different from that of the adult. The pediatrician's role as 'health counselor' is evoked in the therapeutic considerations. PMID- 7243318 TI - [Right-to-left shunt in the 1st month of life]. AB - Pre- and post-ductal paO2-values of 116 newborn babies were measured under hyperoxic conditions (FiO2 = 1.0). Total and ductal right-to-left shunts were calculated according to Berggren (1942) and Gersony et al. (1972), respectively. Total shunt volumes amount to 17.4 +/- 5.9 (9--28)% of the aortic minute output in healthy term newborn babies, to 25.0 +/- 5.3 (19--36)% in healthy pre-term newborns and to 13.5 +/- 4.7 (4--19)% on the first day of life in healthy newborn babies from 4. to 28. day of life emphasising the significance of the decline of the arterial oxygen content during the neonatal adaptation period. This is still more evident in patients with disturbed adaptation such as asphyctic mature (28.0 +/- 7.5 (16--45)%) or hypoxic pre-term newborn babies (31.4 +/- 12 0 (12--56)%). As to be expected, the largest total shunt (up to 80% of aortic minute output) is found in newborn babies suffering from severe cyanotic cardiopathies, especially transposition of the great arteries. The incidence of a detectable ductal right to-left shunt is low both in healthy and asphyctic infants. PMID- 7243319 TI - [Miniphotometer as a beside-laboratory (author's transl)]. AB - Presented here are a minicentrifuge and a miniphotometer for the determination of the contents of haemoglobin, erythrocyte, haematocrit, total protein, total bilirubin, glucose and cholesterin. These instruments are extremely reliable, can be used anywhere and their accuracy is sufficient. Their special advantage, especially for pediatric diagnostics is due to the fact that only minimal quantities of blood are required for measurements. PMID- 7243320 TI - [Physiology and pathophysiology of the renal absorption of amino acids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243321 TI - [Schools in children's hospitals]. PMID- 7243322 TI - [Iron prophylaxis in normal infants? (author's transl)]. AB - In the last years a tendency is apparent to give general iron prophylaxis not only to premature infants but also to full-term infants. The latter is justified according to laboratory parameters but not on clinical grounds. On the contrary, it is reasonable to assume that a certain hyposideraemia in the second half year of life is useful: It brings about an unspecific resistance against infections by bacteria, fungi and protozoa in a period of life characterized by an uncompletely developed specific resistance. PMID- 7243323 TI - [Vaccination of children and their parents' attitude in a Swiss town (author's transl)]. AB - A large group of school-children 6-10 years of age were checked for their immunization status and by questionnaire for their parent's attitude to vaccinations. Children of higher socio-economic status have better immunization protection. In spite of pretended high motivation, people from Southern countries have a significantly smaller percentage of immunized children than Swiss people. This is probably caused by insufficient information. PMID- 7243327 TI - [Genetic counselling in pediatrics (author's transl)]. AB - Basis knowledge of genetics is necessary for the pediatrician, but he also must be experienced in talking with grieving parents. Grief reactions should be facilitated and by this help to the parents the best basis for future genetic counselling is established. The clinical diagnosis is a prerequisite for genetic counselling. Parents seeking help must be prepared to find their own decision. If the counsellor makes typical mistakes he provokes more disappointment than relief. If he succeeds his help can preserve or encourage future lives. PMID- 7243325 TI - [Investigation of postoperative suppression of cellular immunity in infants and children by DNCB skin test (author's transl)]. AB - The DNCB-responsiveness of operated infants and children by skin sensitization indicates a transient depression of the entire reactions of delayed immunity following major surgery. There is a strong connection between this immunosuppression and the risks of postoperative infections. Age and preoperative clinical stage of children as well as the extent of the operation determine the grade of the immunosuppression. PMID- 7243326 TI - [Surgery in craniofacial syndromes (author's transl)]. AB - Craniofacial surgery deals with the correction of congenital acquired deformities of the skull and face. This kind of surgery together with microsurgery can be regarded as the most outstanding development within the past decade. Plastic surgery, as the center of organisation is responsible for coordination with many other medical disciplines. Since 1978 an interdisciplinary group for craniofacial surgery started with operations at the University Hospital for Plastic Surgery in Innsbruck and the Department for Plastic Surgery at the Klinikum rechts der Isar in Munich. In this article first experiences are reported and three cases, a Morbus Apert, a Morbus Crouzon and a Hypertelorismus presented. The indication for such treatment is directed for functional disturbance but also for aesthetical reasons to improve the psycho-social structure of the patient. An early operation is indicated in stenosis of cranium and face to avoid damage of the brain and eyes. If not urgent, these interventions should be started beyond the age of about 8, after dentition. PMID- 7243328 TI - [Psychological aspects of young competitive athletes]. PMID- 7243324 TI - [Congenital non-union of the clavicle (author's transl)]. AB - The isolated congenital non-union of the clavicle is an extremely rare condition. We report on of one case of bilateral congenital non-union of the clavicle in which the left side became painful. Treatment with compression plate osteosynthesis and homologous cancellous bone grafting was successful. Surgical treatment of this rare condition is only indicated when the non-union becomes painful. PMID- 7243329 TI - [Hyperammonemia in the newborn through ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report of a family with hyperammonemia in the newborn, very probably due to ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Typically the male infant died in the newborn period within 74 hours. In the female newborn it was possible to provide a normal development with protein restricted diet. In mother's line there are unexplained death's of infants. The examination of amino acids and organic acids excluded other disturbances. The determination of orotic acid in the urines and oral loading with protein indicated to OTC-deficiency. The RDS-symptomatic and pulmonary bleeding in the newborns with hyperammonemia is emphasized. PMID- 7243331 TI - [Asymmetric mixed gonadal dysgenesis (author's transl)]. AB - We would like to report a girl, 11 7/12 years old, with the typical signs of an asymmetric mixed gonadal dysgenesis (amgd). The external genitalia were ambiguous, the inner genital organs contained a dysgenetic testis on the right side an ovarian "streak" on the left. At laparatomy follopian tubes were found bilaterally. On the right side the microscopic specimen showed an epididymis. There was an unicornuate malformation of the uterus. The karyotype, first examined 1969 in the age of a few month, showed chromosomal mosaicism, 45 XO/46 XX. In 1980 this problem was reevaluated, because now the HY-antigen determination was available, this was uniformally found to be positive in our patient. Now the new karyotype with special methods was 45 XO, 46 X dic (y)/47 XY + dic (y). This karyotype was, to ower knowledge, never seen before in amgd. Particular emphasis was payed to the discussion of the pathogenesis of this karyotype and the amgd in general. We would like to consider this intersexual malformation as a prototype of a chromosomal induced disturbance of somatic sexual differentiation. PMID- 7243332 TI - [Interactions of general body-posture, oral and facial region. II. Polyelectromyographic investigations (author's transl)]. AB - Based on previous observations we used surface poly-electromyography (EMG) to trace influences of eye and tongue movements on skeletal muscles. While we could not show ocular effects using this method, we could demonstrate clearcut influences of lingual lateral movements on the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles. Voluntary lateral movements of the tongue inside the mouth were accompanied by an increase of the amplitude of the EMG of the contralateral SCM muscle, while lateral movements of the tongue outside the mouth produced an increase of the amplitude of the ispilateral SCM muscle. Frequency characteristics of the EMG remained unchanged. There were no such alterations with passive tongue movements. These seemingly postural lingual reflexes are discussed in the light of Bosma's concept of maintenance of pharyngeal airways. PMID- 7243330 TI - [Endemic goiter in Austria's youth?]. AB - After 17 years the efficiency of iodine prophylaxis of endemic goiter (1 : 100000) in Austria was checked by control field studies in 3 Tyrolean towns n Austria. The data obtained there were compared with those of 123 school age children from the iodine deficient endemic goiter area of the province of Bolzano (Italy). The results show a reduction in goiter incidence from 50 to 35% in the total population in Austria, where goiter incidence in schoolchildren dropped from 45.9% to 12%. Urinary iodine/g creatinine was 65 micrograms in Austria, the 24 hr radioiodine uptake with 41.8% was normal. In comparison the ethnologically and geographically similar endemic goiter zone in the province of Bolzano showed a goiter incidence in schoolchildren of up to 46%, while urinary iodine/g creatinine was 35.9 micrograms and radioiodine uptake after 24 hr about 50%. Extensive studies of peripheral hormone parameters (T4, TBG, T3, TSH, rT3, FT3, FT4) revealed a significantly higher rT3 concentration of 24.7 ng/dl in Austria compared with a value of only 19.8 ng/dl in the province of Bolzano. These facts suggest an increased conversion of T4 to real T3 in iodine deficiency, which might contribute to the adaptation of the organism to this condition. No statement, however, can be presented regarding the regulation of this phenomenon. Even as endemic goiter is decreasing in Austria, an increase of salt iodization to 1 : 50000 according to the swiss procedure might eliminate definitely endemic goiter in Austria. PMID- 7243333 TI - [Microcomputer application in the clinical chemistry laboratory environment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243334 TI - [Psychosomatic of acute respiratory-distress from the point of view of family dynamic (author's transl)]. AB - Attacks of respiratory distress occur mainly during the time of prepuberty and puberty. They are in close relationship to the difficulties of the pubertal reparation processes of these children especially the ones for autonomy and individuation. The symptom of acute respiration distress should be viewed as the leading symptom of a complex neurovegetative psychosomatic disturbance. The disturbed functions of various organ systems are discussed. Relationships and correlations to known syndromes like hyperventilation syndrome or normocalcemic tetany are discussed. The causes and pathogenetic factors which show up working diagnostically and therapeutically with the families of these children are described. These factors are of special value for the physician in charge in regard to differentialdiagnosis and treatment-planning. A short description of the most frequent family-dysfunction patterns shows that the disturbed development of autonomy is connected with these family problems. PMID- 7243335 TI - [Thrombopoiesis and blood coagulation in pediatric patients with septicemia (author's transl)]. AB - 45 infants and children with thrombocytopenia and septicemia were studied. Many parameters of blood coagulation, the platelet diameters and the megakaryocytes of the bone marrow (Feulgen stained cytophotometry and maturity of the megakaryocytes) were examined. 15 patients had a consumption coagulopathy and 30 were classified as having an isolated septic thrombocytopenia. In both groups the number of the megakaryocytes of the bone marrow smears were normal. 81% of the megakaryocytes were mature. The patient group with isolated septic thrombocytopenia had significantly greater ploidy values of the megakaryocytes than a control group. In both groups the diameters of the platelets were also significantly greater than in an age matched control group of children with a normal platelet count. These results allow the conclusion that the thrombocytopenia in pediatric patients with septicemia is not caused by a diminished production of platelets. PMID- 7243336 TI - [Resorption of orally administered antibiotics and chemotherapeutic drugs and their effect. Part 1]. AB - There are considerable differences in the oral absorption of antibiotics. Different groups of drugs and different galenic preparations of the same compound show vast differences in their bioavailability. This is not without therapeutic consequences. These differences depend on water and lipid solubility of drugs, the dissociation constant and polarity of the side chains. The first part describes methods of determination of serum and urine concentrations. The determination of pharmakokinetic parameters allows an assessment of the bioavailability, however there are pitfalls, by overemphasizing a single parameter in the calculation. We are able to demonstrate differences in the resorption of various penicillin salts, and of different aminopenicillins in dependence of their side chains with differences in their polarity. It should be stressed, that only the calculation and consideration of all pharmakokinetic parameters together allows a fair assessment of the quality of absorption of an antibiotic. PMID- 7243337 TI - Neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity to schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni in vitro: studies on the kinetics of complement and/or antibody-dependent adherence and killing. AB - The capacity of rat peritoneal neutrophils to adhere to and kill schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni in vitro has been investigated. Neutrophils adhere readily to schistosomula in the presence of antibody plus complement (C) and C alone (fresh normal rat serum), but not with heat-inactivated normal rat serum. However, schitosomular killing is only achieved with neutrophils and fIRS or fNRS. In the presence of hiIRS the cells detach after 6 h without producing a significant level of parasite death. The system involving neutrophils plus fIRS is the most efficient in terms of serum dilution and the rate of schistosomular killing. The complement-dependent antibody involved in this system belongs to the class IgG and occurs in rat serum at peak titres, 6-8 wk after a primary schistosome infection. Neutrophil adherence in the presence of fNRS depends upon the generation of C3b molecules at the parasite surface via the alternative pathway of C activation. Studies on the antibody alone system indicate that the lack of significant schistosomular killing might result from the absence of factors which stimulate cell migration, since if a chemokinetic agent is introduced into the assay a 30% increase in mortality is recorded. The possible participation of neutrophils in the destruction of a primary and/or challenge infection in vivo is discussed. PMID- 7243338 TI - Immune responses of rats to live Vibrio cholerae: secretion of antibodies in bile. AB - Agglutinating and vibriocidal antibodies appear in the bile of rats within a few days of intravenous or intraintestinal injection of live Vibrio cholerae. Whereas the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies area accounted for by passive exudation from serum., those of the IgA class are selectively (actively) transferred from serum to bile. Bile duct ligation causes a 10-fold increase in serum IgA levels over a 48-h period; a similar increase in agglutinating antibody titre occurs only in rats injected intraintestinally, thus providing further evidence for the predominance of IgA-antibody formation when antigen is taken up from the intestinal lumen. Biliary antibodies do not appear to augment the antibody levels in mucus secretions that adhere to the small intestine surfaces. However, when the bile flow is interrupted by bile duct occlusion or cannulation, the antibody levels in these secretions increase in parenterally-immunized animals. It is unlikely, therefore, that bile duct ligation will provide a satisfactory approach to determining the protective function of biliary V. cholerae antibody. PMID- 7243340 TI - An analysis of allergy, immunoglobulin E, and diagnostic skin tests in schistosomiasis. AB - Factors governing the sensitization or desensitization of basophils and mast cells are discussed. Mathematical models are proposed which illustrate the effects of rising or falling specific or non-specific IgE titres on the tendency of these cells to degranulate. The models presented are consistent with the hypothesis that fine-tuning of the degranulatory event is achieved by one or more of the following mechanisms: alteration of the number of IgE receptors on the mast cell membrane; displacement of specific anti-schistosomal IgE by anti-other IgE molecules; clipping or otherwise inactivating mast cell-fixed specific IgE receptor sites so as to render these incapable of binding antigen. Mechanisms proposed may explain how a mast cell population may evolve from highly sensitive to non-reactive allergic states during early and/or chronic periods of schistosomiasis, only to revert to highly sensitive states once again, after the disease has been overcome. PMID- 7243339 TI - Stimulation of immunity to Nematospiroides dubius in mice using larvae attenuated by cobalt 60 irradiation. AB - Infective larvae of Nematospiroides dubius attenuated by cobalt 60 irradiation are extremely effective at stimulating immunity. Previously, such levels of protection could only be obtained with multiple immunizations of normal larvae. The critical factor underlying this protective response appears to be the dose of irradiation given to the immunizing infection. Various doses of irradiation have been tested and the most effective of these range between 10 and 30 krad. The experiments show that provided this level of irradiation is used, the number of immunizing infections is relatively unimportant. Such use of irradiated larvae will be of value in attempting to analyse the immune mechanisms which operate against N. dubius. The possible mechanisms of immunity to N. dubius are discussed. PMID- 7243343 TI - Bovine immune response to African ;trypanosomes: specific antibodies to variable surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma brucei. AB - Cattle were infected with two different clones of Trypanosoma brucei (MITat 1.2 and ILTat 1.3) and antibody response was followed by radioimmunoassay. In four of the seven animals there were at least two peaks of antibody activity to the infecting clones, with the second peak much higher than the first. Specific antibodies (IgG1 and IgM but not IgG2) were eluted from the immunoabsorbent columns on which the variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs) were coupled. By neutralization of infectivity tests, IgM antibodies from the first peak of antibody activity were more efficient in neutralizing trypanosomes than IgG1 but the reverse was true of the antibodies isolated from the second peak. By absorption with multiple variable antigen types isolated during the course of infection, all the IgM and IgG1 in the first 3 weeks of infection were shown to be specific. It is suggested that polyclonal B cell stimulation leading to dysfunction in the control of IgM and IgG production may not be responsible for the high levels of these immunoglobulins in bovine trypanosomiasis. PMID- 7243344 TI - A quick, simple method for purifying Leishmania mexicana amastigotes in large numbers. AB - A rapid method for the bulk isolation of purified Leishmania mexicana mexicana amastigotes from parasite-induced lesions in experimentally infected mice is described. The procedure includes purification steps based on differences in net cell charge, lysis susceptibility and buoyant density between parasite and host cells. Yields of up to 2 x 10(10) untransformed amastigotes with minimal contamination with host cells and cell debris can be obtained. At least 90% of the purified amastigotes are viable as judged by light and electron microscopy, the staining of their lysosomes with acridine orange, their ability to transform to promastigotes and their infectivity to macrophages in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7243341 TI - Severe strongyloidiasis associated with hypogammaglobulinaemia. AB - The association of severe strongyloidiasis and hypogammaglobulinaemia in one patient is described. Severe strongyloidiasis was observed twice (March 1971 and June 1974), and the Strongyloides stercoralis infestation probably lasted for at least 58 months (from March 1971 to December 1975), in spite of successive thiabendazole courses of treatment. Immunological studies performed disclosed severe, steady hypogammaglobulinaemia but no abnormality in cell-mediated immunity. The respiratory infections also seen during the follow-up were ascribable more to humoral immunity impairment than to cell-mediated immunity impairment. This is the first report of the association of hypogammaglobulinaemia and severe strongyloidiasis, and it suggests that humoral immunity plays a relevant role in the human defences against S. stercoralis infestation. PMID- 7243345 TI - Immune evasion by Schistosoma mansoni: loss of susceptibility to antibody or complement-dependent eosinophil attack by schistosomula cultured in medium free of macromolecules. AB - Schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni, recovered either after penetration of cercariae through isolated rat skin or by mechanical transformation of cercariae, become fully resistant after 24-48 h of culture to damage by human blood eosinophils in the presence of human anti-schistosomular sera. Cultured schistosomula are also shown to lose their susceptibility to attack by human eosinophils in the presence of human complement. This resistance is related to the simultaneous reduction of the ability of human anti-schistosomular antibodies and human complement component C3 to bind to the surface of the cultured larvae. The development of insusceptibility to antibody, complement and eosinophil mediated attack does not require the acquisition by the schistosomula of a protective coat of host or other macromolecules, since it is achieved in chemically defined culture medium free of serum and macromolecules. This supports the hypothesis that schistosomula undergo intrinsic changes which render them insusceptible to immune attack. PMID- 7243342 TI - The heterologous protection of rats against a challenge with Fasciola hepatica by prior infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. AB - Previous infection of rats with nippostrongylus brasiliensis was shown to result in protection against an oral challenge with Fasciola hepatica metacercariae but not against an intraperitoneal challenge with newly excysted juvenile (NEJ) flukes. The timing of the challenge was important and a double infection with the nematode gave more consistent results than a single. Resistance appeared to be associated with a prior induction of intestinal eosinophilia. Sera from these resistant rats, however, failed to induce eosinophil adherence to NEJ flukes in vitro. PMID- 7243347 TI - Serological response of ascarid-free dogs to Toxocara canis infection. AB - Antibodies to Toxocara were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera of ascarid-free dogs which had been fed 0, 100 or 10 000 embryonated T. canis eggs. Dogs fed 10 000 eggs developed higher titres than those given 100 eggs and larvae failed to complete their migration to the gut. In addition, in dogs given 100 eggs, there was a significant negative correlation between the number of worms in the gut and granulomatous foci in the lung. The data suggest that the ELISA is sensitive and specific for Toxocara infection in dogs. PMID- 7243346 TI - Efficacies of vaccines against canine hookworm disease. AB - Three types of vaccine (1) a sonicated extract of killed larvae, (2) 5 fluorouracil-treated larvae and (3) 40 krad. X-irradiated larvae have been evaluated. Pups aged 3-4 months, weighing 2 +/- 0.5 kg and free of natural hookworm infection were selected for experimental studies. The sonicated extract was given either in a single dose or as 2 doses at weekly intervals, whereas the 5-fluorouracil-treated and X-irradiated larvae were given in a single dose only. After completion of the vaccination schedule, the pups were challenged with filariform larvae and were sacrificed 3 weeks after challenge. Non-vaccinated pups and those vaccinated with a single dose of sonicated extract lost weight and had diarrhoea or dysentery after challenge. Furthermore, in non-vaccinated pups, haemoglobin levels fell and at autopsy the intestinal mucosa was found to be grossly congested and free blood was present in the lumen of the intestine. Such findings were not obtained in pups vaccinated with the other types of vaccines. The percentage of infective larvae which developed to the adult stage in non vaccinated pups was 82.7 +/- 9.53 compared with 45.1 +/- 12.33, 30.1 +/- 10.05, 20.6 +/- 10.60 and 8.0 +/- 7.46%, respectively in pups vaccinated with a single dose of sonicated extract, double dose of sonicated extract, 5-fluorouracil treated and 40 krad. X-irradiated larval vaccines. While the irradiated larval vaccine provided maximum protection against clinical ancylostomiasis, 2 doses of the sonicated larval vaccine could also afford almost equal protection to pups. PMID- 7243348 TI - Effects on inhibition of development of the transfer of Ostertagia ostertagi between geographical regions of Australia. AB - Pasture plots in a warm coastal region were separately contaminated in the autumn, winter and spring with eggs of a coastal strain of Ostertagia ostertagi derived from dairy calves. At the same times, a parallel set of plots was contaminated by a strain transferred from within a beef cattle management system in a cooler tablelands region. A reciprocal transfer of the coastal strain was also made to the tablelands, where pasture plots were contaminated with eggs of both strains of O. ostertagi in winter. Successive groups of parasite-free calves wee grazed on the plots for 10-14 days at 4-week intervals and then killed for worm counts 14 days after their removal from pasture. In both environments, irrespective of the season of pasture contamination, inhibition of development reached a maximum in spring and the two strains differed only in the proportion of the population inhibited, which was significantly greater for the tablelands strain. There was no strain difference for either numbers of infective larvae on pasture or total O. ostertagi numbers. This suggested that the difference between coastal and tablelands populations in the extent of inhibition is genetically determined. If an environmental stimulus was implicated in the spring occurrence of inhibition, the stimulus was provided equally in coastal and tablelands environments and it cannot be exposure to low temperatures. PMID- 7243349 TI - Effects of Ostertagia circumcincta infections on plasma gastrin in sheep. AB - Radio-immunoassay of plasma gastrin showed that hypergastrinaemia developed in sheep during experimental infections with Ostertagia circumcincta. Elevations of plasma gastrin occurred within 8 days of the first dose of infective larvae, with the most marked increase being after 11-20 days when adult worms would be expected to be present in the abomasum. Increases of plasma gastrin levels from 69.0 +/- 7.6, 28.7 +/- 5.3, 48.7 +/- 5.9 and 60.6 +/- 9.4 pg/ml before infection to maxima of 650, 230, 900 and 750 pg/ml respectively were recorded in 4 sheep infected for the first time. In 2 others which had been previously infected and then treated with anthelmintic, plasma gastrin rose from 16.0 +/- 4.0 and 377 +/- 87 pg/ml to maxima of 260 and 900 pg/ml at 24 and 29 days after re-infection, respectively. The cause of hypergastrinaemia has not been established. The elevation of abomasal pH which occurs in ostertagiasis may result in increased gastrin levels but is thought not to be the only cause since plasma gastrin increased before the abomasal pH rose and developed in sheep infected for a second time although their abomasal contents remained at pH 4.0 or lower. The presence of the parasite is critical for development of hypergastrinaemia as shown by return of the gastrin level to normal following therapy with an anthelmintic. It was shown that the parasites do not depend on the hypergastrinaemia since O. circumcincta became established in antrectomized sheep in which hypergastrinaemia did not develop. PMID- 7243350 TI - Hymenolepis nana: the fine structure of the embryonic envelopes. AB - The fine structure of the envelopes surrounding hatched and unhatched oncospheres of Hymenolepis nana has been investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), together with light microscope histochemical observations of JB 4 embedded material. The oncosphere is surrounded by 3 layers--the capsule, the outer envelope and the inner envelope, the latter giving rise to the embryophore and the 'oncospheral membrane'. An additional layer--the polar filament layer- lies between the 'oncospheral membrane' and the oncosphere. Shell material is deposited on the capsule as a thin layer. It is secreted by the outer envelope, which degenerates once shell formation is complete. The uterus may also contribute to shell formation. The embryophore forms a thin incomplete and peripheral layer within the inner envelope. In the basal region of this envelope, partial development of an 'oncospheral membrane' takes place, but it does not become detached as a separate layer. The polar filaments, which are characteristic of the oncosphere of H. nana, are derived from the epithelial covering of the oncosphere itself, which delaminates to form a separate polar filament layer. The filaments arise from knob-like projections at opposite poles of this layer. The design of the embryonic envelopes in H. nana show a number of modifications from the basic cyclophyllidean pattern, and these can be related to the demands of its 'direct' life-cycle. PMID- 7243352 TI - [Histochemical studies on the protective effect of elementary sulfur in experimental carbon tetrachloride poisoning]. PMID- 7243353 TI - [Objective evaluation of contradictions between clinical and anatomopathological diagnoses]. PMID- 7243351 TI - [Hormonally determined growth of transplantable hepatoma induced by aflatoxin B1 in Wistar rats]. PMID- 7243354 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy as a paraneoplastic syndrome in stomach cancer]. PMID- 7243355 TI - Basaloid adenoma in the breast of woman treated with oral contraceptives. PMID- 7243356 TI - [A note on necrotizing sialometaplasia]. PMID- 7243357 TI - [Case of congenital pulmonary hyperplasia]. PMID- 7243358 TI - Genital bleeding during childhood. PMID- 7243360 TI - The medical diagnosis of sexual abuse in the premenarcheal child. PMID- 7243361 TI - Management of children with unilateral ovarian malignancies. PMID- 7243363 TI - Etiology and evaluation of delayed sexual development. PMID- 7243364 TI - Gonadal dysgenesis and its variants. PMID- 7243362 TI - The gynecologic examination of infants, children, and young adolescents. PMID- 7243359 TI - Delayed sexual development: common causes and basic clinical approach. PMID- 7243366 TI - Anatomical amenorrhea: the problems of congenital vaginal agenesis and its surgical correction. PMID- 7243365 TI - Genital tract obstruction. PMID- 7243367 TI - Genital tract tumors in children. PMID- 7243368 TI - Dysfunctional uterine bleeding in the adolescent. PMID- 7243369 TI - Adolescent dysmenorrhea. PMID- 7243370 TI - Vulvovaginitis, vulvar skin disease, and pelvic inflammatory disease. PMID- 7243372 TI - Adolescent contraception. PMID- 7243373 TI - Sexuality, fertility, and the problems of menstruation in mentally retarded adolescents. PMID- 7243371 TI - New methods of pregnancy testing in adolescent girls. PMID- 7243374 TI - Sexual misuse: rape, molestation, and incest. PMID- 7243375 TI - Estrogen treatment of girls and constitutional tall stature. PMID- 7243376 TI - Hirsutism and androgen excess in childhood and adolescence. PMID- 7243377 TI - Neutrophils from human infants exhibit decreased viability. AB - The viability of neutrophils, isolated from infant blood and placed into lipid culture, was decreased when compared to that of neutrophils obtained from mothers and controls that had been stored under identical conditions (percentage viable after 20 hr of culture was 49, 75 and 78 for infant, maternal, and control neutrophils, respectively). Increased quantities of hydrogen peroxide were released into the extracellular culture media by nonphagocytic neutrophils from infants (0.25 nM/min/2.5 x 10(6) neutrophils compared to 0.14 for controls), a condition that could promote autooxidation because infant neutrophils are deficient in glutathione peroxidase and catalase (enzymes that detoxify hydrogen peroxide). Results of two studies supported the idea that cell death in culture was related to oxidative damage: (1) phagocytosis induced a loss of viability in maternal and control neutrophils of a similar degree (48 and 52% viable, respectively) to that exhibited by nonphagocytic infant cells (47% viable), a finding prevented by superoxide dismutase and catalase; (2) glucose oxidase glucose, a hydrogen peroxide-generating system, accelerated death of nonphagocytic neutrophils in culture. It is possible that decreased viability of infant neutrophils is similarly present in vivo (e.g., in inflammatory exudates) and that this finding contributes to the impairment of host defenses. PMID- 7243378 TI - Insulin receptors in human placenta in relation to fetal weight and gestational age. AB - Insulin receptors were studied in human placentas from 26 wk to term, according to fetal and placental weight. Insulin-binding studies were performed in purified membranes with monoiodoinsulin biologically active. We found a marked decrease in receptor number in placentas corresponding to small for gestational age infants (S.G.A.) in relation to preterm and full-term adequate for gestational age (A.G.A.). Maximal insulin binding in human placentas was reached before 26 wk of gestation. PMID- 7243379 TI - Serum immunoreactive calcitonin in low birth weight infants. Description of early changes; effect of intravenous calcium infusion; relationships with early changes in serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, parathyroid hormone, and gastrin levels. PMID- 7243380 TI - The adaptation of neonatal blood to metabolic acidosis and its effect on cisternal oxygen tension. AB - In eight newborn lambs, the adaption of blood to acidosis was studied by sequential measurements of P50 in vitro (pH 7.4; 37 degrees C) and P50 in vivo (animal's pH and temperature, 39 degrees C) during the course of HCl-induced metabolic acidosis. The benefit of the change in both P50 on tissue oxygen tension was studied by the change in O2 partial pressure at the level of the cisterna magna. Eight hr of acidosis caused a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in P50 in vitro which fell from 29.0 to 24.4 torr. Nonetheless, because of pH effect on the hemoglobin affinity, the corresponding P50 in vivo was increased from 32.4 to 36.3 torr. This latter rise in the in vivo O2 affinity contributed to increase (P less than 0.01) the cisternal O2 tension. It is concluded that the hemoglobin of the newborn is capable of adaption to metabolic acidosis by displacing the in vivo O2 dissociation curve to the right favouring a greater unloading of O2 at the tissue level and thus preventing tissue hypoxia during metabolic acidosis. PMID- 7243381 TI - Transitory depression of immune function following Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children. AB - A broad array of immunological tests was performed in children with serologically confirmed Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. In a group of 21 children studied 0 to 6 wk after onset of of illness, neutrophil chemotaxis was 1.46 +/- 0.43 mm/3 hr (mean +/- S.D.) in patients compared to 1.79 +/- 0.28 mm/3 hr in controls (P less than 0.05). In a subgroup of seven children studied 0 to 2 wk after onset of 2,635 cpm in patients compared to 26,454 +/- 3,345 in controls for phytohaemagglutinin (P less than 0.02) and 5,321 +/- 535 in patients less than 0.02). There was, however, no impairment in response to soluble concanavalin A: 18,715 +/- 1,446 in patients compared to 25,193 +/- 2,564 in controls (P greater than 0.1). Follow-up studies on five of these seven children showed that lymphocyte proliferative responses to phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen of all five children returned to normal values some weeks later. In another group of 28 children studied 13 to 18 wk after onset of illness, four had subnormal IgG values. Of the three children available for followup studies, all had normal values for serum IgG 2 to 5 months later. PMID- 7243382 TI - Studies of chloramphenicol and tetracycline influx in the rat trachea. AB - A tracheal tissue perfusion system capable of determining net fluxes of drugs into the lumen of the airways in vitro and in vivo was used to study the characteristics of chloramphenicol and tetracycline influx in the rat trachea. For both antibiotics, the rate of net influx did not vary with the rate of tracheal perfusion at flow rates between 0.7 and 4.2 microliter/min. At 37 degrees C when the concentration of the antibiotic in the bath surrounding the trachea was increased, the net influx of the antibiotic into the tracheal lumen initially increased linearly. The rate of increase was 1.15 ng/min.trachea per microgram/ml for chloramphenicol at chloramphenicol concentrations in the bath between 12 and 108 microgram/ml and 0.61 ng/min.trachea per microgram/ml for tetracycline at bath concentrations between 4 and 24 microgram/ml. At chloramphenicol concentrations in the bath between 108 and 168 microgram/ml and at bath tetracycline concentrations between 24 and 96 microgram/ml, a maximum rate of influx was observed. At 6 degrees C, net influx for both antibiotics was less than the influx observed at 37 degrees C. Net influx again increased with increasing antibiotic concentrations in the bath but at a slower rate (0.29 ng/min.trachea per microgram/ml for chloramphenicol and 0.25 ng/min.trachea per microgram/ml for tetracycline). At 24 degrees C, net influx and the increase in influx with increasing bath concentrations were intermediate between the influx and the rate of increase in influx observed for chloramphenicol at 37 and 6 degrees C (0.5 ng/min.trachea per microgram/ml). There was no difference in net influx between the in vitro and in vivo experiments for either chloramphenicol or tetracycline at comparable bath or plasma concentrations. This study demonstrates that antibiotic transport in the airways can be studied in vitro using this perfusion system. Tetracycline and chloramphenicol influx demonstrate concentration and temperature dependence and saturability in the rat trachea. PMID- 7243383 TI - Iron absorption from human milk and formula with and without iron supplementation. PMID- 7243384 TI - The metabolism of sialic acid in cystic fibrosis. AB - The activities of plasma and fibroblast cytidine 5'-monophosphate-sialic acid:glycoprotein sialyltransferases of patients with cystic fibrosis have been found to be within the range of activities of age- and sex-matched normal controls when asialofetuin served as the sialic acid acceptor. The use of desialylated preparations of purified human plasma alpha 2-macroglobulin, as an acceptor, demonstrated 35 to 52% reduction in the incorporation of sialic acid into the alpha 2-macroglobulin from patients with cystic fibrosis as compared to that of alpha 2-macroglobulin from normal controls. The reduced sialylation was dependent upon the source of the alpha 2-macroglobulin acceptor but independent of the source (cystic fibrosis or normal) of the sialyltransferase enzyme. Using radiolabeled precursors, the rates of the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid from N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, the release of sialic acid from glycoproteins and the conversion of free sialic acid into CMP-sialic acid have been determined in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with cystic fibrosis and found to be not significantly different from those of normal controls. PMID- 7243385 TI - Myocardial consumption of oxygen and carbohydrates in newborn sheep. AB - We measured blood flow to the myocardium of the left ventricular free wall, and blood glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and oxygen concentrations simultaneously in the aorta and coronary sinus 13 times in seven previously instrumented newborn sheep, 4 to 25 days after birth. We calculated arteriovenous difference and consumption of oxygen, glucose, lactate, and pyruvate by the newborn myocardium. Results were compared with recently obtained measurements in the myocardium of fetal and adult sheep (6). Myocardial consumption of oxygen in the newborn (577 +/- 38 microM.min 1.100 g LV-1) was higher than in either the fetuses or the adults. This was associated with a greater myocardial blood flow (201 +/- 21 mm.min-1.100 g LV-1) in the newborns. However, the increased myocardial oxygen consumption in the newborns was commensurate with their increased cardiac work as compared with both the fetuses and adults. Although there is an abrupt postnatal increase in arterial glucose concentration, there was no significant difference in either the myocardial consumption of glucose or the contribution of glucose to the total myocardial energy supply among fetal, newborn or adult sheep. Postnatal decreases in myocardial consumption of lactate and pyruvate are not compensated for by an increase in glucose consumption. In newborn sheep, carbohydrates including glucose, lactate, and pyruvate supply the substrate for no more than approximately one-fourth of the total myocardial energy demands (carbohydrate/oxygen quotient was 0.26). PMID- 7243387 TI - Effects of bromocriptine administration to pregnant rabbits upon fetal lung maturation. AB - If endogenous prolactin secretion is important in normal development of fetal lung surfactant, the inhibition of its secretion should be associated with delayed maturation of fetal lung. We therefore studied the effect of bromoergocriptine administration to pregnant rabbits upon lecithin content of fetal lung washes. The does were treated since the 27th day of gestation with either Mesilate of 2-Bromo-alpha-ergocriptine (C32H40BrN5O5, CH3SO3H) (Bromocriptine) (Parlodel, Sandoz) (1 mg/kg/day) or solvent twice daily until delivery. The newborns were killed immediately by intraperitoneal administration of sodium pentobarbital and tracheostomized; then lung washes were performed. The extracted lipids were plated and run on heat-activated thin layers of silica gel H. Lecithin was eluted, and phosphorus determination was performed. The level of lecithin phosphorus in the lung washes of the fetuses whose mothers received Bromocriptine was X = 2.24 +/- 0.39 microgram/g dry lung weight, whereas that of fetuses of control does was X = 6.93 +/- 2.64 microgram/g dry lung weight (P less than 0.001). The mean body weight of the fetuses from treated mothers was 38.22 +/- 6.39 g whereas that of fetuses from control rabbits was 47.63 +/- 6.94 g (P less than 0.001). The mother's body weight gain from days 26 to 30 in Bromocriptine-treated rabbits was 156.11 +/- 99.4 g, whereas that of controls was 374.38 +/- 166.21 g (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7243386 TI - Body composition of a nine-year-old reference boy. AB - Utilizing available data and several assumptions, the body content of water, minerals, protein, carbohydrate, and fat has been estimated for a 9-year-old reference boy. This reference boy is leaner than the reference man (13.4 versus 15.3% of body weight) and his fat-free body mass exhibits greater concentration of water (75.5 versus 73.7%) and lesser concentrations of potassium (66.8 versus 68.1 mEq/kg) and total minerals (4.7 versus 6.9%). If age-specific values are used for composition of fat-free body mass body composition), it will be possible to avoid underestimation of fat content calculated from data on total body water and overestimation of fat content calculated from 40K counting data or from body density determined by underwater weighing. PMID- 7243389 TI - Fetal and neonatal cerebral metabolism following maternal canine starvation. AB - Pregnant dogs were starved for 72 hr before a term delivery. Maternal (1.68 +/- 0.39 versus 0.74 +/- 0.20 mM) and fetal (0.39 +/- 0.03 versus 0.22 +/- 0.07) circulating free fatty acids and maternal (2.99 +/- 0.79 versus 1.04 +/- 0.84) and fetal (2.53 +/- 0.35 versus 1.01 +/- 0.32) ketones were elevated whereas blood glucose values remained unchanged at the time of delivery. After birth, pups born to starved mothers had significantly lower blood glucose values during 3, 6, 9, and 24 hours of neonatal fasting. Intracerebral glucose concentrations paralleled those in the blood as they were depressed at 3, 6, and 9 hours of age. Cerebral glycogen content was lower in pups born to starved mothers at 6 (2.72 +/ 0.43 versus 4.32 +/- 0.56 mumoles/g) and 24 (2.31 +/- 0.17 versus 3.48 +/- 0.39 mumoles/g) hr, whereas UDP-glucose concentrations were significantly elevated in these pups during fetal, 3, 9, and 24 hr of age. Phosphoenolpyruvate was higher after maternal starvation in the fetus and at 6 and 9 hr, whereas cerebral pyruvate concentrations were elevated at 3, 6, and 9 hr of age. The elevation of pyruvate with no alteration of lactate concentration resulted in an elevated cytoplasmic NAD/NADH ratio at 3 hr of age (1381 +/- 194 versus 792 +/- 198). Cerebral alpha-ketoglutarate and calculated oxaloacetate concentrations were elevated throughout the day after maternal starvation whereas malate concentrations were depressed at 3 and 9 hr of age. Cerebral energy charge was unaffected, whereas the calculated energy reserve was lower at 3, 6, and 24 hours. Cerebral amino acids demonstrated elevated aspartate concentrations at 3 and 6 hr. Cerebral glutamine concentrations were lower during fetal stage (7.86 +/- 0.52 versus 10.01 +/- 0.41 mumoles/g) and 3, 6, and 9 hr of life. PMID- 7243388 TI - Development aspects of peritoneal dialysis kinetics in dogs. AB - To determine whether solute transfer during peritoneal dialysis is age related and to identify those factors which might explain age-related differences in dialysis kinetics, the peritoneal dialysance of [14C]urea (DU), [3H]inulin (DI), and the permeability index (DR = DI/DU) were examined in six puppies and five adult dogs. Exchange volume of lactated Ringer's (40 ml/kg) and exchange times (30 min) were identical in all studies. Theoretical calculations for urea dialysance for animals of differing body size were made. Assuming the existence of a similar functional peritoneal surface area per kg and the use of similar exchange volumes per kg and dwell times, theoretical values for the urea dialysance per kg for different sized animals were identical. The experimental studies demonstrated that DI per kg and DU per kg were higher in the puppies (0.146 +/- 0.023 and 0.765 +/- 0.054 ml/min kg; X +/- S.E.) than in the adult (0.052 +/- 0.01 and 0.462 +/- 0.05 ml/min/kg) (P less than 0.01). Also, DR was higher in the puppies (0.187 +/- 0.026), than in the adults (0.11 +/- 0.015) (P less than 0.05). The greater values for DI and DU per kg and DR in the young are best explained by the young having an increased peritoneal membrane permeability as well as an increase in functional peritoneal surface area relative to body weight. This increase in solute movement is independent of the dialysis mechanics used in an exchange and reflects age-related differences in the intrinsic characteristics of the peritoneal membrane. PMID- 7243391 TI - Hyperlipidemia in children with chronic renal insufficiency. AB - Total serum cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglyceride levels, lipoprotein fractionation, and plasma parathormone levels were measured in a group of 31 nonnephrotic children with various levels of renal function and on hemodialysis. Group A served as controls and consisted of eight healthy children with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) greater than 110 ml/min/1.73 m2. Group B consisted of six children with GFR on 60 to 95 ml/min/1.73 m2. Group C consisted of nine children with GFR of 10 to 40 ml/min/1.73 m2, and group D consisted of eight children on maintenance hemodialysis with GFR of 0 to 5 ml/min/1.73 m2. Among the groups, there were no significant differences in total serum cholesterol and phospholipid levels. A significant (P less than 0.05) increase in triglyceride levels was observed in patient groups C and D. Lipoprotein fractionation revealed a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in the pre-beta lipoprotein levels (very low density lipoproteins) in patients in groups D with 63% of these patients demonstrating a type IV lipoprotein pattern. There were no significant differences observed in the beta lipoproteins (low-density lipoproteins). However, the alpha lipoproteins (high-density lipoproteins) decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) in patients whose GFR was below 40 ml/min/1.73 m2 (group C) as well as patients in group D. Absolute plasma parathormone levels did not significantly correlate with serum triglyceride levels did not significantly correlate with serum triglyceride levels and remained normal until after the onset of hemodialysis when they increased significantly in all patients. PMID- 7243390 TI - Lung development in the chick embryo. I. Phosphatidylcholine synthesis in the developing chick lung. AB - We investigated the relative contribution of the two pathways of phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis in lungs from chick embryos of 12 to 20 days of incubation as well as from hatched chicks and adult chickens. Lung "blocks" were incubated for 60 min in vitro in the presence of [3H]methionine and [14C]choline. PC was separated by thin-layer chromatography, and the amount of labeled product was determined by liquid scintillation counting. PC synthesis (expressed as pmoles PC per mg protein per 60 min) by the choline pathway declined from the 12-day value of 40 to a minimum of 8 at day 16 and then rose gradually to a peak of 74 on day 1 posthatching. PC synthesis via the phosphatidylethanolamine pathway also declined from day 12 (54) to day 16 (13) but peaked on day 19 (65) and again on day 1 posthatching (54). Synthetic activities of the two pathways differed significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) only on days 14, 18, and 19 of incubation. Unlike the mammalian lung, neither pathway seems to predominate throughout incubation or after hatching. The increase in PC synthesis towards the end of incubation correlates with the time of appearance of lamellar bodies in the lung epithelial cells and of surfactant in the airways. PMID- 7243392 TI - Evaluation and testing of in vitro labeled technetium Tc-99m red blood cells in two animal models for neonatal RBC volume determinations. AB - The present study was designed to evaluate the red blood cell (RBC) radiolabeling technique utilizing the short half-lived radionuclide technetium-99m and to compare the results with the well-recognized standard chromium-51 method. The procedure was evaluated in a canine and a newborn lamb model utilizing dual radionuclide labeling and counting techniques. With the express purpose of providing a significant radiation dose reduction, the procedure presented was adapted for utilization in a neonatal patient population. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that there was no significant difference in the radiolabeling efficiency for the two methods (Cr-51, 86.6%; Tc-99m, 92.4%). Assessment of the in vitro stability for technetium-99m RBCs showed that less than a 4% loss of radiolabel from the RBC was seen in a 4-hr time span in the canine model (15 min, 90.5%; 2 hr, 88.9%; 4 hr, 86.6%) when compared to the 15 min equilibrium sample. Evaluation of newborn lamb RBC volumes showed that the technetium-99m RBC volume did not significantly differ from the chromium-51 labeling technique (Cr-51, 24.0 ml/kg; Tc-99m, 23.2 ml/kg). Summarization of the whole-body radiation dose showed that greater than a 30-fold reduction in absorbed dose was achieved in the newborn (Cr-51, 30.0 mrad; Tc-99m, 0.9 mrad). The modified procedure presented for the radiolabeling of the RBC with the short half-lived radionuclide technetium-99m provides a technique comparable to the utilized standard chromium 51 RBC method, yet with a large reduction in absorbed radiation dose. This procedure is presented as a superior technique for the determination of pediatric RBC volumes. PMID- 7243393 TI - Maturation of the developing rabbit kidney: variations in cellular size and contents. AB - Because the rabbit kidney is being used as an experimental model with increasing frequency, this study was designed to measure the relationships between cell number, size, and contents in the developing rabbit. Kidney slice extracellular and intracellular fluid spaces, high in the fetus and neonate, declined as the rabbits matured, being parallel by changes in body fluid spaces. Although the cellular contents of both sodium and potassium were increased in the young kidney, intracellular sodium concentration was slightly lower in the fetal (43.6 mEq/liter) and 2-wk kidneys (44.5 mEq/liter) than in the mature kidney (51.7 mEq/liter). Intracellular potassium concentrations were similar in all age groups (163 to 167 mEq/liter). Tissue protein content was similar during development. In contrast, DNA content and the number of nuclei in kidney tissue were high in the fetus (DNA, 59.9 mg/g solids; nuclei, 3.9 x 10(9)/g solids), decreasing in postnatal life (DNA in adult, 18.2 mg/g solids; nuclei in adult, 1.0 x 10(9)/g solids). In association with this, the diameter of proximal tubular cells increased with maturation. These data should be valuable to those interested in kidney development. PMID- 7243394 TI - Fetal and neonatal responses to maternal canine starvation: circulating fuels and neonatal glucose production. AB - Pregnant dogs were starved for 72 hr while controls were fasted overnight. Maternal starvation significantly reduced fetal birth weight (269 +/- 7.2 versus 294 +/- 4.4 g). Total caloric deprivation had no effect on maternal or fetal blood glucose concentration at the time of delivery; however, fasting neonatal blood glucose levels were depressed during the first 9 hr of life. Starvation produced a large elevation of maternal free fatty acids (1.68 +/- 0.39 versus 0.74 +/- 0.2 mM) and ketone bodies (2.99 +/- 0.70 versus 1.04 +/- 0.48). Although fetal free fatty acids increased minimally (0.39 +/- 0.03 versus 0.22 +/- 0.07), ketone body levels were markedly elevated (2.53 +/- 0.35 versus 1.01 +/- 0.32). After birth, plasma-free fatty acid and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were lower in pups of starved mothers at 3 hr, and acetoacetate was lower at 6 and 9 hr. Other alternate fuels such as amino acids demonstrated lower levels of glutamine in pups of starved mothers throughout the day (except 3 hr), whereas alanine levels declined significantly only at 24 hr (114.9 +/- 15 versus 187.6 +/- 26 microM. Glucose production was significantly depressed in pups of starved mothers at 3 (13.7 +/- 1.4 versus 22.7 +/- 3) and 9 hr (17.5 +/- 2.2 versus 26.0 +/- 2.8 mumoles/kg/min), whereas glucose clearance rates were elevated at 3, 6 and 9 hr of age. Lactate carbon incorporation into glucose increased throughout the day but was not significantly affected by prior maternal starvation. PMID- 7243396 TI - Photodynamic reaction of riboflavin and deoxyguanosine. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that phototherapy depresses serum riboflavin in jaundiced infants. The potential long-term hazards of this in vivo reaction may be significant in view of the in vitro reaction of riboflavin which modifies intracellular DNA in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Previous investigations have suggested that the DNA-modifying activity of riboflavin results from the generation of singlet oxygen and photooxidation of the guanine moieties of the DNA. In the present study, we demonstrate that singlet oxygen is not involved in the photodynamic reaction of riboflavin and deoxyguanosine. PMID- 7243395 TI - Induction of gentamicin resistance by visible light. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of visible light or phototherapy to modify the intracellular DNA of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of light used in phototherapy on antibiotic resistance in prokaryotic cells using tester strains of gentamicin sensitive Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. A growing population of the tester microorganisms was inoculated on plates containing nutrient medium and gentamicin. Experiments were performed to determine the effect of blue light on the induction of gentamicin-resistant mutants. The plates were divided into two populations, one of which was illuminated, while the other was kept in the dark to serve as a control. During photoirradiation, the plates were protected from direct sunlight and air coded to maintain a temperature of 27 degrees C. The sample distance from the light source was adjusted to maintain a fluence rate (450 nm) of 141 uW/cm2. Control experiments were performed to investigate the effect of photoirradiation on the media and gentamicin. An increased frequency of mutation to gentamicin resistance was seen in the irradiated population of bacteria. The mutagenic effect was observed over a wide range of gentamicin concentrations and correlated in a linear fashion with increasing duration of photoirradiation. There was an inverse correlation between the size of the bacterial inoculum and the recovery of mutant bacteria. PMID- 7243397 TI - Relation between blood resistivity and hematocrit in fresh human fetal blood. AB - This study determined the relation between hematocrit and resistivity of fetal blood and compared it with values obtained in similar studies on adult blood. Both exponential and Maxwell-Frick-estimated relationships were calculated and compared. The results indicate that there is no significant difference between resistivity in adult and fetal blood. The best relation between blood resistivity and fetal hematocrit is obtained by using the Maxwell-Frick estimated curve calculated in the following manner: (formula: see text). PMID- 7243398 TI - Effect of fetal or adult red cells on tissue oxygenation and myocardial function in normoxemic newborn lambs. AB - Twelve newborn lambs less than 48 hr old had their high oxygen affinity blood exchanged for low-affinity fresh adult blood. Tissue oxygenation, hemodynamic status, blood gases, and myocardial function were compared before and after the exchange transfusion. The P50 was increased from 18 to 29 mm Hg after exchange transfusion; pH and hemoglobin levels remained constant; and there was no change in myocardial function, arteriovenous O2 content difference, O2 consumption, or cardiac output. However, mixed venous PO2 was significantly increased with low affinity red cells (33 versus 23 mm Hg). PMID- 7243399 TI - [Morphological and histochemical studies on the effect of tetracycline hydrochloride on the intestines of young rats]. PMID- 7243400 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium in transient enzymatic liver immaturity in newborn infants]. PMID- 7243401 TI - [Liver function in children with malabsorption syndromes]. PMID- 7243403 TI - [Changes in the activity of liver marker enzymes in the blood children with acute diarrhea. II. Age factors]. PMID- 7243402 TI - [Changes in the activity of liver marker enzymes in blood in acute diarrhea in children. I. Effect of the severity of the clinical course]. PMID- 7243404 TI - [Characteristics of Klebsiella isolated from feces of infants with diarrhea]. PMID- 7243406 TI - [Primary hyperlipoproteinemia type IV and V in 3 young children]. PMID- 7243405 TI - [Gilbert's syndrome. Diagnostic difficulties and successful use of the luminal test]. PMID- 7243407 TI - [Hyperlipoproteinemia in a 12-year-old girl]. PMID- 7243408 TI - [Creation of the esophagus from the gastric tube in children with congenital esophageal atresia]. PMID- 7243409 TI - [Results of treatment of congenital heart defects at the 2d Clinic of Pediatric Surgery. Institute of Pediatrics of the Medical Academy in Warsaw]. PMID- 7243410 TI - [The masticatory system in children with torticollis]. PMID- 7243412 TI - [Urinary tract tumors in infants]. PMID- 7243413 TI - [Treatment of lung injuries in children]. PMID- 7243414 TI - [Brunnerioma, a benign duodenal neoplasm, as a cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. PMID- 7243411 TI - [Difficulties of diagnosis and treatment of hiatal hernia in infants]. PMID- 7243415 TI - [Necrosis of the colonic mucosa as a complication of the surgical treatment of Hirschsprung's disease]. PMID- 7243416 TI - [Multiple arterial after debecillin injection]. PMID- 7243419 TI - Faith, doubt, and statistics. PMID- 7243418 TI - Chronic bronchitis in childhood: what is it? AB - According to national statistics, over 2.5 million children have chronic bronchitis (CB). The characteristics of childhood CB and the similarities to the adult form are unknown. To determine the conditions under which childhood CB is diagnosed and to evaluate how it is treated, questionnaires were sent to 103 pediatricians and family physicians to Tucson. Forty-five percent responded. A chronic productive cough lasting at least three months a year was important for the diagnosis of CB for only 55% of pediatricians and 74% of family physicians. Recurrent episodes of cough lasting more than two weeks were important for the diagnosis of CB for 86% pediatricians. Sputum production was important for the diagnosis for about 50% of physicians felt that allergies were a common cause of childhood CB and bronchodilators were commonly used to treat CB. The results of this survey suggest that: (1) the diagnosis of CB in childhood is not often based on the usual epidemiologic criteria used for diagnosing CB in adults; and (2) CB in childhood may have considerable overlap with asthma with respect to etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. In fact, for many children, there appear to be few ways to distinguish asthma from CB. PMID- 7243420 TI - Mitomycin C test for diagnostic differentiation of idiopathic aplastic anemia and Fanconi anemia. AB - A cytogenetic test was developed to enable the diagnostic differentiation between Fanconi anemia and the group of disorders classified as "idiopathic" aplastic anemia. The method is based on the effect of the bifunctional alkylating agent mitomycin C (MMC) on chromosomes of peripheral lymphocytes in culture 92 to 96 hours. At the highest concentration of 80 ng/ml of MMC, about a 50-fold increase of chromosomal breaks and a 200-fold increase of radial figures was observed in Fanconi anemia lymphocytes in comparison with the average values for aplastic anemia cells or cells of healthy control subjects. In addition, sister chromatoid exchange analysis of cells treated with MMC demonstrated a marked inhibition of mitotic activity of lymphocytes of patients with increased sensitivity to MMC. It is advocated that the MMC-stress test should be used in each case of pancytopenia, as part of the therapy planning. The cytoreduction regimens used prior to bone marrow transplantation may produce lethal complications in patients with high clastogenic response to MMC. PMID- 7243417 TI - [Remote results of long-term resuscitation of a premature infant with umbilical hernia]. PMID- 7243422 TI - Can the physician diagnose hyperactivity in the office? AB - Office diagnosis of hyperactivity can present a problem to the pediatrician because only about 20% of the potential patients show hyperactive behavior during office examination. Exclusion of the children who appear normal in the physician's office can eliminate from medical treatment a large number of patients for whom treatment is appropriate. Eighty percent of the children ultimately accepted into the project on the basis of home and school reports showed exemplary behavior and no sign of hyperactivity in the office. Nonetheless, at a three-year follow-up, these children were rated the same as those who were obviously hyperactive in the presence of the pediatrician. The groups appeared no different on school grade, teachers' ratings of classroom behavior, amount of stimulant medication prescribed, or duration of drug treatment. The reported outcome data indicate that the physician can have confidence in historical information from the parents combined with current teacher reports as reliable aids in the diagnostic process with hyperactive children. PMID- 7243423 TI - Fibrosing pancreatitis--an obscure causes of painless obstructive jaundice: a case report and review of the literature. AB - We report a 3-year-old asymptomatic patient who had obstructive jaundice. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram showed total obstruction of the distal common bile duct. At laparotomy, fibrosing pancreatitis was found. Sphincteroplasty and choledochoduodenostomy relieved his symptoms. A review of the literature disclosed ten patients, nine of whom had abdominal pain. Fibrosing pancreatitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice in children, even in the absence of abdominal pain. PMID- 7243424 TI - Teenaged and pre-teenaged pregnancies: consequences of the fetal-maternal competition for nutrients. AB - The study attempted to determine whether the growth needs of young mothers compete with the growth needs of their fetuses for available nutrients. In a large prospective study, 10- to 16-year-old mothers had significant smaller newborns at term than older mothers when the various maternal age groups were matched for prepregnancy body size and pregnancy weight gain. Five percent of the urines of 10- to 14-year-old mothers had 2+ or greater acetone vs only 2% of the urines of 17- to 32-year-old mothers (P less than .001). Acetonuria has been shown to be a marker for high perinatal mortality in undernourished gestations, and it correlated with a high perinatal mortality in the present study. The growth retardation found in the newborns of very young mothers disappeared during childhood. PMID- 7243421 TI - Prenatal and postnatal diagnosis and carrier detection of Fanconi anemia by a cytogenetic method. AB - Fanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by pancytopenia, spontaneous chromosome instability, and a variety of congenital anomalies. Variable phenotype and age of onset of anemia make accurate diagnosis difficult in some patients. We report a cytogenetic method for rapid diagnosis of FA homozygous blood lymphocytes and amniotic fluid cells, and FA heterozygous blood lymphocytes. When treated with 0.1 micrograms/ml of diepoxybutane, affected lymphocytes responded with approximately a 175-fold increase in chromosome breakage compared with that exhibited by similarly treated lymphocytes from normal individuals or patients who manifest some clinical features of FA. The breakage in affected lymphocytes was characterized by multiple complex chromatoid exchanges. Amniotic fluid cells from four fetuses at risk for FA were studied. Three of these were diagnosed as affected and the fourth as normal on the basis of spontaneous and diepoxybutane induced chromosome breakage. Lymphocytes from FA heterozygotes showed a fourfold increase in chromosome breakage characterized by chromatid exchange when compared with control lymphocytes. Prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of FA and detection of carriers can therefore be performed with ease by making use of the method described here. PMID- 7243425 TI - Prepubertal gonorrhea: a multidisciplinary approach. AB - Forty-six children less than 12 years of age with gonorrhea were studied over a 4 1/2-year period. The investigation was conducted by a multidisciplinary team including physicians, social workers, and health department representatives. Extensive interviewing and routine culturing of contacts eventually identified the source of gonorrhea in 38/46 (83%) children. Males, both adult and preadolescent, were implicated as the source of gonorrhea almost twice as often as the child's mother. Nineteen children were victims of sexual assault, but only four of them had a hymenal orifice larger than one fingerbreadth. Compliance, both in pursuing the history and obtaining cultures of contacts, was significantly increased by admission to the hospital. A Gram stain and culture for gonorrhea should be done in all children presenting with vaginal discharge regardless of history. Hospitalization of children with suspected gonorrhea greatly facilitates the contact identification. PMID- 7243426 TI - Minibikes. PMID- 7243427 TI - Progress in the delivery of health care in Mexico. PMID- 7243428 TI - Urine screening after discharge from hospital. PMID- 7243429 TI - Questions about tcPO2 transport study. PMID- 7243430 TI - 'Negligible results of early intervention'. PMID- 7243432 TI - Early beikost. PMID- 7243431 TI - The feeding of solids debate. PMID- 7243433 TI - Massachusetts Metabolic Disorders Screening Program. II. Methylmalonic aciduria. AB - Screening neonates for methylmalonic aciduria is part of routine screening for metabolic disorders in Massachusetts. The process of urine collection by the parent and transmitted to the central screening laboratory was described in a previous publication (Pediatrics 49: 825, 1972). The primary objective of screening for methylmalonic aciduria is to detect methylmalonic acidemia, an inherited organic acid disorder. During the most recent 5 1/2-year period when the sensitive fast blue B stain was used in the analysis, four infants with methylmalonic acidemia were detected among 293,535 screened. Additional infants and children who came to attention because of clinical illness or family study also could be readily detected. Prior to this period, 325,634 neonates had been screened with the aniline-xylose method, which proved to be not sensitive enough for the identification of methylmalonic aciduria. Some affected infants have responded well to therapy and are clinically normal while two have shown poor biochemical response and are developmentally delayed. Four children in two families appear to have a benign variant of methylmalonic acidemia. Based on these studies the observed incidence of methylmalonic acidemia in Massachusetts is 1:48,000. Screening for methylmalonic aciduria may be an appropriate addition to newborn screening programs. PMID- 7243434 TI - On growing new neurons: are early intervention programs effective. PMID- 7243435 TI - The new morbidity: use of school and community health care resources for behavioral, educational, and social-family problems. AB - The extent of the use of services for the new morbidity, that is, children's behavioral, educational, and family-social problems, has not previously been the subject of a community-based prospective study. The demographic characteristics and utilization of school and community health care resources over a two-year period are compared for two groups selected from a random sample (n = 671) of elementary school children. Twenty-four percent (n = 164) were observed to have behavioral, educational, or social-family problems requiring attention or intervention by health or educational personnel. This group was compared to their schoolmates (n = 507) not so identified. Although no overall differences in sex, ethnic background, or family structure were identified, the children with new morbidity problems were more frequently in the lowest socioeconomic group, and had lower reading achievement scores and higher rates of absenteeism. The new morbidity group also has higher rates of utilization of services both at school and at community sites of health care, not only for new morbidity complaints, but for other problems as well. The data suggest that this portion of the school-aged population places a significant demand for health care resources on both community and school sites. The findings support the need for training of physicians in the care and prevention of such problems. PMID- 7243437 TI - Tuberculosis in pregnancy with fatal congenital infection. AB - An unusual case of miliary tuberculosis which presented as fever and a tubo ovarian abscess in a postpartum patient is described. Fatal congenital tuberculosis was also diagnosed in the mother's premature infant. The difficulties encountered in diagnosing the tuberculosis in these patients are summarized, and the need for early recognition and therapy is emphasized. Epidemiologic follow-up of the premature infant's exposed contacts was thorough and revealed no new cases of tuberculosis among the infants or the personnel who were exposed to the infected baby. PMID- 7243436 TI - Chronic cough in children: a manifestation of airway hyperreactivity. AB - Fifteen children who presented with chronic cough as an isolated manifestation of respiratory disease were evaluated for the presence of exercise-induced airway hyperreactivity. Pulmonary function tests using air and a helium/oxygen gas mixture were performed before exercise. Eight subjects were also evaluated by spirometry and maximum expiratory flow volume curves before and after isoproterenol inhalation on a separate day. Ten subjects had normal pulmonary function tests at rest and five had isolated minor abnormalities. No significant changes in pulmonary function tests were recorded after inhalation of isoproterenol in the eight subjects studied. Following exercise, all 15 subjects demonstrated changes in pulmonary function tests which were similar to those seen in children with mild exercise-induced bronchospasm. After institution of theophylline, exercise-induced decreases in flow rates low in the vital capacity were blocked in all subjects; however, several subjects had persistent mild decreases in peak flow. Within six months of discontinuing the theophylline, cough recurred in 11 of the 15 subjects. Nine subjects were restudied after return of their cough. Exercise again resulted in decreased lung function. Reinstitution of theophylline eliminated the cough in these nine subjects. This study demonstrates that chronic cough in some children may be a manifestation of airway hyperreactivity. Both the cough and the reactivity can be blocked with theophylline. PMID- 7243438 TI - Carnitine in the perinatal metabolism of lipids. I. Relationship between maternal and fetal plasma levels of carnitine and acylcarnitines. AB - Since premature infants have a limited capacity for fatty acid oxidation, supplementation with carnitine may improve their utilization of fat. Documentation of the source and extent of fetal carnitine reserves should explain the possible need for exogenous carnitine in the neonate. Correlation between free carnitine concentration in maternal and umbilical arterial plasma at birth (r = .45, P less than .01) indicates that the initial concentration of free carnitine in the newborn depends on the maternal level. Thin-layer chromatography shows more gamma-butyrobetaine in maternal than umbilical arterial plasma indicating higher availability of the precursor of carnitine biosynthesis. Elevated fatty acid oxidation in maternal tissues seems to be reflected by larger amounts of long-chain acylcarnitines in maternal plasma. Short-chain acylcarnitines, mainly acetylcarnitine, are higher in the umbilical vein than in maternal plasma (P less than .01) indicating that the conceptus (the placenta or fetus) is either producing more or utilizing less acetylcarnitine. Plasma levels of carnitine rapidly decrease in premature newborns during the first three days after birth if no exogenous carnitine is given (P less than .001), while no significant changes of total carnitine were detected in adult patients on total parenteral alimentation for one week. This difference indicates lower carnitine depots or limited capacity for carnitine biosynthesis in neonates. The possibility still requires further investigation that the development of the optimal rate of fatty acid oxidation in human newborns, as well as in other newborn mammals, may depend on the supply of exogenous carnitine. PMID- 7243440 TI - Familial third and fourth pharyngeal pouch syndrome with truncus arteriosus: DiGeorge syndrome. AB - A family is presented in which three of four siblings had truncus arteriosus and other anomalies compatible with the third and fourth pharyngeal pouch syndrome (DiGeorge syndrome). The syndrome is uncommon and most of the reported cases have been solitary. In this family an autosomal recessive inheritance is possible. PMID- 7243439 TI - The velo-cardio-facial syndrome: a clinical and genetic analysis. AB - Thirty-nine patients with the velo-cardio-facial syndrome are described in order to further delineate this probably common recurrent pattern congenital malformation syndrome. Frequent features include cleft palate, cardiac anomalies, typical facies, and learning disabilities. Less frequent findings include microcephaly, mental retardation, small stature, slender hands and digits, minor auricular anomalies and inguinal hernia. Ths Robin malformation sequence was found in four patients. The congenital heart anomalies most frequently involved a ventricular septal defect, with or without a right-sided aortic arch. There were four instances of familial transmission in the sample population. These included two cases of maternal transmission of the syndrome to daughters, one case of maternal transmission to a son, and one case of maternal transmission to both a son and daughter. There was no particular difference in expression between male and female patients so that even though X-linked dominant transmission is possible, the velo-cardio-facial syndrome is likely to be an autosomal dominant recurrent pattern syndrome. PMID- 7243441 TI - The axial mesodermal dysplasia spectrum. AB - Features of both the Goldenhar and the caudal regression syndromes were found in the patient described. A search of the literature revealed two other patients having both conditions. However, a number of other individuals have been reported with Goldenhar or related syndromes who have malformations in the caudal region or, conversely, who have the caudal regression syndrome and possess cranial anomalies. Possible explanations for the commonality of malformations seen in these syndromes are presented and discussed. It is suggested that the term, "axial mesodermal dysplasia spectrum" be used in patients manifesting this overlap to emphasize the importance of searching for the other malformations seen in this spectrum of anomalies. PMID- 7243442 TI - Hyperventilation syndrome in children and adolescents: long-term follow-up. AB - Records of 34 hyperventilating children aged 18 years or younger seen at the Mayo Clinic over a 25-year period were reviewed. Five different clinical subtypes were identified. Evaluation and treatment varied considerably. At follow-up, 40% were still hyperventilating as adults, and many had signs and symptoms of chronic anxiety. Hyperventilation in childhood can be a signal that the child is experiencing severe anxiety, which may persist into adulthood. PMID- 7243444 TI - Scoliosis screening: results of a community project. AB - From 1973 to 1977, 7,642 girls and 751 boys were screened for spinal deformity in a Wisconsin County with a population of approximately 100,000. Of 243 girls and 30 boys found to have scoliosis, 155 girls and 13 boys had curves 10 degrees or greater. The most common location and curve direction was right thoracic; 98% of those with scoliosis were classified as idiopathic. Eighteen girls required treatment when initially seen: ten with a Milwaukee brace and eight with spine fusion. Of those not treated and followed for six months or longer, 24 girls and one boy had a decrease in their curve of at least 5 degrees, and 21 girls and one boy had an increase in their curve of at least 5 degrees. Determination of which curves would progress was unpredictable and identification of progression was possible only by repeated examinations. PMID- 7243443 TI - Recrudescence and relapse in bacterial meningitis of childhood. AB - Antibiotic therapy of bacterial meningitis in children may be complicated by reappearance of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid during therapy (recrudescence) or within three weeks after therapy is stopped (relapse). Clinical and laboratory features of six children with recrudescence and of 21 children with relapse were reviewed. These complications occurred mainly in infants less than 2 years of age and comprised less than 1% of all cases of bacterial meningitis. Neither the initial nor the follow-up CSF findings were predictive of recrudescence or relapse. Prolonged or secondary fever was unrelated to these complications. Recrudescence was usually caused by inappropriate therapy whereas relapse after adequate therapy of bacterial meningitis was usually ascribed to persistence of infection in meningeal or parameningeal foci. Relapse did not become manifest until three or more days after discontinuation of therapy. It is concluded that routine examination of CSF at the end of adequate anti-microbial therapy is not necessary or useful when the patient has exhibited a satisfactory clinical response. Furthermore, the commonly recommended observation period of 48 hours in the hospital after discontinuation of therapy is not justified for a patient who has had an uneventful course. PMID- 7243445 TI - Effect of pediatricians' counseling on infant restraint use. PMID- 7243446 TI - Factors influencing pediatric interns' relationships with dying children and their parents. AB - Events and feelings immediately surrounding the deaths of children in the hospital were investigated in order to identify factors that might influence a house officer's ability to relate in a personally satisfying way to dying children and their parents. Open-ended interviews with the involved interns and their supervising residents were conducted within 36 hours of the deaths of 31 hospitalized children to gain insight into the reactions and responses of new physicians managing terminally ill patients. Interns' relationships with children who were fatally ill appeared to be influenced by two factors: the child's age and the child's neurologic status. The interns' relationships with parents reflected their attitudes toward the children but were also affected by the duration of the illness, especially in instances when the patients were comatose or severely impaired. Senior medical staff awareness of the age and responsiveness of dying patients and the duration of their illness can help to provide case-specific guidance and support to the interns. Such support may help prevent that excessive distancing or over involvement that can impair the interns' abilities to provide optimal emotional support to patients, the families, or themselves. PMID- 7243447 TI - Fatal graft versus host disease following a blood transfusion in a child with neuroblastoma. AB - A 2-year-old boy who was receiving intensive chemotherapy for advanced neuroblastoma developed fatal graft versus host disease following administration of a unit of packed red blood cells from an unrelated donor. Graft versus host disease was documented by demonstrating human leukocyte antigen identity between the transfusion donor and the patient's peripheral circulating lymphocytes. Nonirradiated packed red blood cells contain viable lymphocytes and pose a risk to the immunosuppressed cancer patient. PMID- 7243448 TI - Mitral valve replacement in infants and children. AB - Thirteen patients, ranging in age from 10 months to 19 years (mean 7.8 years) and in weight from 6.6 to 60 kg (average 29.5 kg) underwent 14 operations for mitral valve replacement with a heterograft prosthesis between January 1, 1976 and July 1, 1979 for a variety of congenital or acquired lesions. Preoperative indications included severe refractory congestive heart failure in each patient with growth retardation, which was especially prominent in the younger patients. Operative mortality was 14% (2/14) with both deaths occurring within 48 hours of operation in patients less than 6 years of age. All surgical survivors had clinical improvement as manifested by relief of symptoms, decrease in heart size, and significant growth. Routine postoperative catheterization in five patients revealed good initial postoperative results in those studied, with one patient having a second study 20 months after operation. He was found to have had degeneration of his bovine prosthesis and had subsequent successful reoperation with a porcine prosthesis. Further long-term serial catheterizations are needed to further document the history of heterograft prosthesis in children, but they are preferred to mechanical valves became of the lack of need for long-term anticoagulants and the absence of thromboembolism complications. This series suggests that mitral valve replacement, when indicated by refractory congestive heart failure and growth retardation, can be successfully performed even in infants and small children. Surgery should not be postponed to allow for subsequent patient growth if the natural history of the disease is of progression. PMID- 7243449 TI - Precocious puberty and hypothalamic hamartoma. AB - A 3-year-old boy with true precocious puberty and hamartoma of the hypothalamus is described. Preliminary diagnosis was established by the presence of unusually advanced puberty and skeletal age without other evidence of central nervous system dysfunction, elevated blood gonadotropin and testosterone concentrations, and positive computed tomography scans. Pneumoencephalography further delineated the tumor. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and adrenal functions were studied. Release of gonadotropins after the injection of synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and the suppression of luteinizing hormone and of testosterone by oral fluoxymesterone were comparable to maximal responses of normal men. The diagnosis was confirmed by histologic and electron microscopic study of an excised portion of the tumor. Immunofluorescence studies indicated the presence of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the hamartoma and radioimmunoassays detected thyroid-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin. The hamartoma resembles an autonomously functioning accessory hypothalamus. The ectopic neuroendocrine pathways, however, are responsive to hormonal stimulation and feedback. The clinical, endocrinologic, and pathologic features of published cases of precocious puberty and hypothalamic hamartoma are reviewed. Advanced or rapidly progressive true precocious puberty in the very young with elevated concentrations of blood gonadotropins and gonadal steroids and positive pneumoencephalography appear to be characteristic. PMID- 7243450 TI - Management of pituitary-adrenal suppression secondary to corticosteroid therapy. AB - Withdrawal of steroid medications from patients who have been receiving them for management of chronic disease carries the risk of certain serious complications. An understanding of adrenal physiology, coupled with a rational plan for evaluating the individual patient, when necessary, and for protecting against certain stressful situations, should obviate the occurrence of acute adrenal insufficiency. PMID- 7243451 TI - 1980 update: the recent trend in breast-feeding. AB - This study presents results of surveys conducted on a continuous basis over a period of years to determine the trend in the incidence of breast-feeding. Questionnaires were mailed to large samples of mothers, representative of the national distribution of births, asking them what type of milk they fed their infants over a period of time. Demographic characteristics of mothers who breast fed were also obtained. From 1955 to 1971, there was a progressive decline in breast-feeding, followed by a resurgence of its incidence through 1979. Not only are more mothers breast-feeding, more are continuing to do so for a longer period of time throughout the months of their infants' most rapid growth and high nutritional requirements. It is also apparent that the increased incidence of breast-feeding has not been limited to higher income, better educated mothers. PMID- 7243452 TI - Chronic protracted diarrhea: intolerance to dietary glucose polymers. PMID- 7243453 TI - Inverted tandem duplication of the middle segment of the long arm of chromosome 14. PMID- 7243455 TI - Hypersensitivity vasculitis presenting as suspected child abuse: case report and literature review. PMID- 7243454 TI - Hydroxyzine intoxication in a 13-month-old child. AB - A case of hydroxyzine toxicity following accidental ingestion in a 13-month old female infant has been presented. A plasma hydroxyzine concentration 8.5 hours after the acute ingestion was 102.7 micrograms/ml and toxicity was manifested primarily by generalized seizures and sinus tachycardia. General supportive care and seizure control with physostigmine resulted in complete recovery within 72 hours. This case represents the first documented report of hydroxyzine toxicity following acute ingestion in a child. PMID- 7243456 TI - Varicella hepatitis without neurologic symptoms or findings. AB - Varicella hepatitis has been reported frequently in immunocompromised patients and occasionally in adults with varicella pneumonia and/or systemic involvement. However, hepatitis is not generally known to occur in otherwise uncomplicated varicella. Six children are described who had typical varicella in association with transient elevation of liver enzymes. No CNS abnormalities were noted, and all recovered uneventfully. Such patients have previously been described as representing stage I of Reye's syndrome. The authors postulate that hepatitis complicating varicella may well represent a distinct entity which bears no relationship to Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7243457 TI - Vascular etiology of disruptive structural defects in monozygotic twins. AB - Two infants with structural defects previously undescribed in the survivor of a monozygotic twin pair are reported. One infant had hydranencephaly and a spinal cord transection, with an associated dead monozygotic co-twin of 24 weeks gestation; the other child had complete atresia of the colon and a horseshoe kidney, with a deceased co-twin of approximately six weeks gestation. These defects are presumed to be the result of in utero disruption of previously normally formed structures. They occur secondary to vascular exchange from a dead to a living monozygotic twin through placental vascular anastomoses. As illustrated by the two children described, the nature of the vascular defects seen in the survivor of a monozygotic twin pair depends on the time during gestation at which the co-twin dies. Recognition of the disruptive vascular etiology of the structural defects outlined in this report will allow for appropriate counseling with respect to the negligible recurrence risk for similar vascular accidents. PMID- 7243458 TI - When should one discourage breast-feeding. PMID- 7243459 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. Acetaminophen assay. PMID- 7243460 TI - Committee on Accident and Poison Prevention. The 55 miles per hour maximum speed limit. PMID- 7243461 TI - Committee on Adoption and Dependent Care. The role of the pediatrician in adoption with reference to 'the right to know': an update. PMID- 7243462 TI - Nephrotic syndrome family self-assessments questioned. PMID- 7243463 TI - Questions cerebral blood flow method. PMID- 7243464 TI - Rectal mercury. PMID- 7243465 TI - Mercury in incubators: detecting 'safe' levels. PMID- 7243467 TI - Counseling families who have a child with a severe congenital anomaly. AB - The birth of an infant with a major congenital malformation is experienced by the family as a calamity. Parents have an urgent need for compassionate and skilled attention, and a long-term need for counseling to help them adapt to the crisis. The difficult ethical and legal implications of such cases further complicate the doctor's ability to care for the patient and family. Potential conflicts of interest have recently led to the use of voluntary consultation by hospital committees, or obligatory involvement by the courts. PMID- 7243468 TI - Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of stinging insect allergy. PMID- 7243466 TI - The pediatrician and the deaf child: perspectives of a pediatrician-parent. PMID- 7243470 TI - Psychosocial functioning of children with cystic fibrosis. AB - The adjustment of children with cystic fibrosis as rated by parents and teachers was compared to that of physically healthy siblings, normal children, and other chronically ill children. The findings indicated that children with cystic fibrosis achieved an age-adequate level of adjustment at home and school. Adjustment was largely unrelated to the severity of cystic fibrosis. As a group, chronically ill children had less adequate adjustment as rated by parents. However, severe adjustment problems were relatively rare. These findings are consistent with a growing body of literature which suggests that children with cystic fibrosis can cope reasonably well with life tasks and that emotional disturbance is not an inevitable consequence of the disease. Future studies of the cystic fibrosis population should study factors which differentiate adjusted from maladjusted children. PMID- 7243472 TI - Should linen in newborn intensive care units be autoclaved? AB - The American Academy of Pediatrics' Standards and Recommendations for Hospital Care of Newborn Infants recommends that linen in newborn intensive care, intermediate care, continuing care and admission observation areas be autoclaved. Questionnaires sent to 269 directors of newborn intensive care units (69% returned) showed that 74% of the respondents do not autoclave linen used in their newborn intensive care unit. There were 284 linen cultures performed in our newborn intensive care unit where linen is not autoclaved; 68% of the cultures were positive, but only 2.5% had a colony count greater than 20 colonies per plate. The most common organisms obtained were Staphylococcus epidermidis, diphtheroids, and Micrococcus species. Two cultures grew Staphylococcus aureus, one colony and two colonies per plate. Three-factor analysis of variance showed that the location of the linen in the top of the pile exerted a statistically significant effect on the bacterial contamination rate. The fact that three fourths of neonatal intensive care centers in this country do not autoclave nursery linen, the lack of reports in the literature relating linen contamination to nosocomial infections, and the microbiologic results of this study suggest that the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics merit further study and reevaluation. PMID- 7243471 TI - Neurologic sequelae of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. AB - Forty-two children who had Rocky Mountain spotted fever were seen for neurologic and psychologic examination at follow-up. The presence of sequelae was more common in children with severely impaired states of consciousness. Behavioral disturbances and learning disabilities were the most common problems. Seizures, although a common occurrence during acute disease, did not occur as sequelae to Rocky Mountain spotted fever. PMID- 7243473 TI - Hygienic care in uncircumcised infants. AB - A written questionnaire was used to determine the advice pediatricians give concerning hygienic care of uncircumcised infants. A telephone survey was conducted in which new mothers were asked what they had been told about genital hygiene and how they were caring for their infants. Pediatricians' advice concerning hygiene in uncircumcised infants varied greatly. Most counseled mothers to retract the foreskin and clean the child, but few (22%) knew when this could be readily accomplished. None of the mothers of uncircumcised children had been told when the foreskin could be expected to retract, and only half had been given any advice concerning hygiene. Mothers of infants whose foreskins had been manipulated by physicians felt this practice was traumatic. Both this and the stress of caring for their infants without adequate instruction caused 40% of the mothers to state they would choose to have the next child circumcised. Recommendations for hygienic care of uncircumcised infants are given. PMID- 7243474 TI - Comparative measurements of phototherapy: a practical guide. AB - Increasing the dose of administered phototherapy has been shown to increase the rate of bilirubin decrement up to a saturation point beyond which no further increases in bilirubin degradation are observed. This study provides irradiance measurements which can be used to interpret phototherapy dose-response and saturation data clinically and to determine an optimal phototherapy lamp combination for maximal bilirubin degradation. PMID- 7243469 TI - Mixed connective tissue disease in children and adolescents. AB - Since the recognition of mixed connective tissue disease in 1972, a small number of pediatric and adolescent patients with this disorder have been described in detail. Four additional patients, two male and two female, are reported in this study. Age range at onset of symptoms was 11 to 18 years. All had arthritis or arthralgia, cervical lymphadenopathy, and hypergammaglobulinemia. Skin rashes and restrictive pulmonary disease were present in three; Raynaud phenomenon, skeletal myopathy, elevation of serum IgE, and neurologic abnormalities were present in two of the four patients. One patient had cardiomyopathy which was progressive over three years. Renal function was normal in all four patients. Most manifestations of the disease in these patients appeared to respond to variable doses of corticosteroids. A review of 234 reported patients with mixed connective tissue disease, including 50 pediatric patients, suggests a higher prevalence of renal and cardiac disease in affected children and adolescents. A multicenter cooperative study of patients with mixed connective tissue disease is strongly recommended to determine the natural history and the effects of therapeutic interventions in this disease. PMID- 7243475 TI - Cerebral infarction associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. AB - An 8-year-old girl with a cerebral infarction and pneumonia developed the acute hemiparesis associated with clinical and serologic evidence of Mycoplasma pneumonia infection. Mycoplasma complement fixation titers increased from 1:1,024 on the tenth day of illness to 1:greater than 16,384 at three weeks and subsequently decreased to 1:512 at seven weeks. Total resolution of her facial weakness, hemiparesis, dysphagia and dysarthria occurred by eight weeks. PMID- 7243476 TI - Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis in children. AB - Ten cases of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis in children are reviewed. The ages ranged from 4 years to 17 years; the most frequently implicated antimicrobial agents were penicillins in six children and clindamycin in two. Stool assays showed specimens from all ten patients yielded a cytopathic toxin which was neutralized by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin with titers ranging from 1:40 to 1:40,000. Bacterial cultures of nine specimens uniformly yielded Clostridium difficile with a median concentration of 10(5.4) organisms per gram of wet weight. All nine isolates of C difficile showed a vitro production of a cytopathic toxin which was similar to or identical with that which was detected in the original stool specimen. All ten patients recovered. Six were treated with oral vancomycin and showed a good therapeutic response; one patient, however, suffered two relapses when treatment was discontinued, requiring a total of three courses of oral vancomycin. Two patients received cholestyramine and responded well. These observations provide supportive evidence that C difficile is responsible for antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis in children and document efficacy of the newer therapeutic modalities in this patient population as well. PMID- 7243477 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of aqueous procaine penicillin G in the neonate. AB - Simultaneous serum and CSF samples were obtained following the intramuscular administration of 50,000 units/kg of aqueous procaine penicillin G in 25 neonates. Penicillin activity was detected in the sera and CSF of all patients. Peak serum levels were noted at four hours (mean +/- SEM, 17.1 +/- 6.3 micrograms/ml). Peak CSF levels were noted at 12 hours (0.70 +/- 0.35 microgram/ml). The serum level at 24 hours was 2.1 +/- 0.98 microgram/ml (range, 0.2 to 5.8 micrograms/ml); the CSF level at 24 hours was 0.12 +/- 0.05 micrograms/ml (range, 0.03 to 0.27 microgram/ml). These results demonstrate that spirocheticidal levels (greater than or equal to 0.03 microgram/ml) are achieved for at least 24 hours in the CSF following the intramuscular administration of aqueous procaine penicillin G in neonates. PMID- 7243479 TI - Soft tissue infection associated with Haemophilus aphrophilus. PMID- 7243480 TI - Is exercise testing worth it? PMID- 7243481 TI - Comment on transcutaneous bilirubin device of Yamanouchi. PMID- 7243478 TI - Abdominoscrotal hydrocele--cause of abdominal mass in children. AB - Abdominoscrotal hydrocele is relatively uncommon in adults and rare in children. The case presented typifies the classic features of the clinical presentation and the satisfactory response to conservative surgical therapy. PMID- 7243482 TI - Water intoxication. PMID- 7243483 TI - Paper diapers and positive ferric chloride test. PMID- 7243484 TI - Sunkissed urine. PMID- 7243485 TI - Why not use naloxone? PMID- 7243486 TI - Unnecessary biopsy? PMID- 7243487 TI - Was the intralipid dose too high? PMID- 7243489 TI - Expanding horizons on a diminishing planet. PMID- 7243488 TI - The known hazards of ureterosigmoidostomy. PMID- 7243491 TI - Subglottic cysts: a complication of neonatal endotracheal intubation? PMID- 7243490 TI - Some observations on pediatrics: Its past, present, and future. PMID- 7243492 TI - Accumulation of ganglioside Gm2 in cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with the variant AB of infantile Gm2 gangliosidosis. AB - Brain biopsy has been used for the diagnosis of the variant AB of infantile GM2 gangliosidosis. Accumulation of ganglioside GM2 (300 ng of neuraminic acid per milliliter) was observed in the CSF of a patient with this disorder. GM2 was found also in the CSF of a patient with classic Tay-Sachs disease. Normal CSF did not contain any measurable amounts of GM2. In addition, a glycolipid with a mobility, by thin-layer chromatography, similar to that of paragloboside was observed in the CSF of the patient with the variant AB of GM2 gangliosidosis. These findings indicate that the variant AB can be diagnosed by demonstrating accumulation of GM2 in the CSF of patients with normal hexosaminidase activity. PMID- 7243493 TI - The chemically abused child. AB - The case of an 18-month-old child poisoned by her mother with chlorpromazine is described. Fifteen other cases of child poisoning have been previously reported. In all of these cases the assailant was the mother (who in 11 cases was described as mentally disturbed); in 14 cases the presenting sign was a change in the level of the child's consciousness; and in ten cases the agent was a psychotropic drug. These poisonings were always well planned and manipulative, usually of long duration (1 1/2 to 48 months), and often continued during hospitalization, but lacked homicidal intent. Three children died. It is suggested that this subgroup of child abuse be more rigidly defined and possibly be named "the chemically abused child." A higher degree of suspicion and alertness to this problem would increase the number of cases identified and the number of children who receive professional care. PMID- 7243494 TI - Neonatal mortality risk for the eighties: the importance of birth weight/gestational age groups. AB - Since 1976 a computerized data base has been used to store information on babies admitted to two intensive care nurseries serving the Vermont/New Hampshire region. The data base now allows reporting "neonatal" mortality by birth weight/gestational age (BW/GA) groupings for 1976--1979. For all BW/GA groups, except the most immature infants, there has been marked improvement compared to data gathered in the sixties (ie, mortality has decreased). These data are probably applicable to most other centers providing neonatal intensive care. The use of BW/GA categories provides the most reliable way of objectively comparing statistics from one center to another. Differences between two centers were observed when birth weight specific rates were used, but were largely abolished by using BW/GA groups. Data gathered in this way will be increasingly important for comparisons between centers and across years and when evaluating the effectiveness of new therapeutic interventions. PMID- 7243495 TI - New rabies vaccine. PMID- 7243496 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux and pulmonary diseases. PMID- 7243497 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 7243498 TI - Age-specific risks of varicella complications. AB - Previous estimates of the age-specific risks of varicella-associated encephalitis and death (the only two varicella complications for which national data are available) have been based on age data for varicella cases from only three reporting areas. In an attempt to estimate more accurately the age-specific risks, 1978, age data for varicella cases were solicited from state epidemiologists. These age-specific data were compared to those from the three original reporting areas and from the National Center for Health Statistics Health Interview Survey (HIS) for the time period 1972 to 1978. The age distribution of state and HIS cases was then compared with that of encephalitis cases and deaths reported between 1972 and 1978 to the Centers for Disease Control and the National Center for Health Statistics, respectively. Despite differences in the number and distribution of varicella cases, both sources clearly identified those greater than or equal to 20 years of age as having the greatest risk of varicella encephalitis or death. Young children also were at increased risk. A number of problems with the reliability and accuracy of the data indicate that more specific data are needed to delineate further the groups most at risk of varicella complications who might benefit most from vaccination, and to evaluate accurately the effects the vaccine might have. PMID- 7243500 TI - Pediatric psychologists and child psychiatrists: birds of a different feather. PMID- 7243499 TI - Advice from breast-feeding mothers. PMID- 7243501 TI - Another aspect of the SIDS problem. PMID- 7243502 TI - CT scans, ultrasound, and lumbar puncture. PMID- 7243503 TI - Neo-Mull-Soy's deficiencies. PMID- 7243505 TI - Questioning conclusions on prenatal nutritional supplementation. PMID- 7243504 TI - Etiology of pertussis syndrome. PMID- 7243506 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux-associated recurrent pneumonia and chronic asthma in children. AB - Forty of 82 patients with recurrent pneumonias and/or clinical asthma were found to have gastroesophageal reflux (GER) by the criteria of two or more of five tests positive for GER. Of 36 patients with GER followed for response to therapy, 32 patients attempted medical therapy and four had fundoplications. Ten of 32 (31%) patients on medical therapy had improvement in symptoms but none became asymptomatic. Twenty patients who failed a trial of medical therapy also had fundoplications for a total of 24 patients surgically treated. Of these, 22 (92%) had improvement or became asymptomatic. All seven patients with diagnosed GER and recurrent pneumonias responded to medical antireflux management or fundoplication. GER is an important treatable cause of recurrent pneumonias and/or chronic asthma in children. PMID- 7243507 TI - Apgar scores as predictors of chronic neurologic disability. AB - Apgar scores were recorded at one and five minutes for approximately 49,000 infants, and at ten, 15, and 20 minutes for babies who did not achieve a score of 8 or higher at five minutes. These children were followed to the age of 7 years. Low Apgar scores were risk factors for cerebral palsy, but 55% of children with later cerebral palsy had Apgar scores of 7 to 10 at one minute, and 73% scored 7 to 10 at five minutes. Of 99 children who had Apgar scores of 0 to 3 at ten, 15, or 20 minutes and survived, 12 (12%) had later cerebral palsy; 11 of the 12 were also mentally retarded (in ten, IQ less than 50) and half had seizure disorders. Eight children who survived after having very low late Apgar scores and who did not have cerebral palsy had lesser but significant disabilities. Of the children who had Apgar scores of 0 to 3 at ten minutes or later and survived, 80% were free of major handicap at early school age. PMID- 7243508 TI - Use of biofeedback in treatment of fecal incontinence in patients with meningomyelocele. AB - Fourteen children (aged 5 to 17 years) with meningomyelocele and significant fecal soiling underwent anorectal manometry using a three-balloon system connected to a physiograph. On the basis of manometric criteria demonstrating some rectal sensation, eight patients were treated with biofeedback conditioning. Patients were taught to contract the external and sphincter or nearby gluteal muscles in response to various volumes of rectal distention. Four of the eight patients who were treated with biofeedback had a good clinical response with disappearance of soiling or a greater than 75% improvement in the frequency of soiling. Follow-up periods ranged from three to 12 months. The minimum criteria for successful treatment appeared to be normal threshold of rectal sensation and ability to contract gluteal or related muscles. Anorectal manometry is a rapid, easily obtained test that can identify those children with meningomyelocele and fecal incontinence who may benefit from biofeedback conditioning. Biofeedback is a simple, safe, and effective technique in the treatment of certain children with fecal soiling due to neurogenic anal sphincter dysfunction. PMID- 7243509 TI - Potentiation of Clostridium botulinum toxin aminoglycoside antibiotics: clinical and laboratory observations. AB - A child with infant botulism became apneic and died while receiving ampicillin and gentamicin therapy. As aminoglycosides have been implicated in the induction and/or exacerbation of neuromuscular blockade, we used an animal model to test the hypothesis that aminoglycosides potentiate neuromuscular blockade of botulinum toxin. In the range of aminoglycoside doses utilized in these experiments, both gentamicin and tobramycin enhance neuromuscular impairment and death of botulinum toxin-exposed mice. These results support recently published clinical observations that aminoglycosides may potentiate neuromuscular weakness caused by botulinum toxin, and suggest that these antibiotics should be used with caution in suspected cases of infant botulism. PMID- 7243510 TI - Mechanical vibration in neonatal transport. AB - Mechanical vibration encountered in land transports was assessed objectively through measurement of vertical acceleration experienced by neonates in transit. Vibration was most predominant in the hazardous low frequency range of 3 to 18 Hz. The peak acceleration amplitudes (intermittent thrusts) ranged from 5 to 13 m/sq sec. The root mean square acceleration (averaged vibration) ranged from to 6 m/sq sec. These vibration levels are high when compared with adult vibration tolerance limits, and may jeopardize the safety of the transported infants, particularly in long-distance transports. Further research is needed to understand the possible effects of mechanical vibration in neonates and to define safe vibration thresholds in all modes of transport. Careful-evaluation of vibratory stress and its attenuation in newer designs of transport equipment may be desirable to enhance the safety of the transported infants. PMID- 7243511 TI - Frequency and outcome of disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction in a population of newborn infants. AB - Of 3,383 apparently healthy newborn infants studied in one region of England, 33 showed cardiac arrhythmias or preexcitation on a standard ECG. Twenty-six infants had multiple atrial or ventricular premature beats. One infant had atrial flutter, two had multifocal atrial tachycardia, and two had supraventricular tachycardia. Two infants showed the ECG pattern of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, but did not demonstrate cardiac arrhythmias. Performance of 24-hour ECG recordings of 15 of the 26 subjects with premature beats showed additional supraventricular or ventricular tachycardia in five cases. In one of two infants with multifocal atrial tachycardia, 24-hour recordings also demonstrated long episodes of rapid supraventricular tachycardia. Follow-up recordings (standard and 24-hour ECG) showed that in the majority of infants arrhythmias or preexcitation could not be demonstrated after 12 weeks of age. One infant with atrial premature beats, one infant with ventricular premature beats and ventricular tachycardia, and one infant with multifocal atrial tachycardia showed persisting arrhythmias. Four infants received antiarrhythmic therapy which probably influenced the natural history of their arrhythmias. Disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction occur in apparently healthy infants. This study provides a basis for further prospective research into their natural history. PMID- 7243512 TI - Ataxia and deafness in children due to bacterial meningitis. AB - Eight children with postmeningitis ataxia had detailed neurologic, audiologic, and neurovestibular evaluations. Prolonged fever, prolonged hyponatremia, or septic arthritis occurred in six during hospitalization. Severe to profound sensorineural hearing losses were present in seven of the children. Electronystagmography was abnormal in three of seven children. In seven children, the ataxia has persisted, but steady improvement has been observed during the course of repeated examinations. Hearing should be evaluated routinely in any child who develops meningitis. PMID- 7243513 TI - Thermal environment change in growing premature infants: effect on general somatic growth and subcutaneous fat accumulation. AB - Fourteen growing, healthy premature infants were moved from heated incubators to cribs at different points in their growth. Group A (six babies) was moved when babies reached a weight of 1,600 to 1,700 gm; group B (eight babies) when babies reached a weight of 1,800 to 1,900 gm. All other conditions of rearing were kept the same. The effect on their growth and thermal stability was measured during the week before and after the temperature change. All infants tolerated the change well. There was no drop in abdominal temperature in an environment cooler by 5 C. The rate of weight gain correlated with gross energy intake only and did not differ within or between the two groups. The rate of growth of the skinfolds increased dramatically after the infants were moved from the incubator. A cooler environment in a growing premature infant (weight greater than 1,600 gm) may promote faster deposition of subcutaneous fat. This might be an important factor in efficient gain in cold resistance. PMID- 7243514 TI - Oxygen consumption and temperature control of premature infants in a double-wall incubator. AB - The effects of a double wall in a forced convection-heated incubator were studied on ten naked, nondistressed, premature infants by measuring their mean skin temperature, esophageal temperature, and oxygen consumption when they were in thermal steady state, with, and without, the double wall in place. The incubator air temperature was maintained within the recommended thermoneutral zone during the consecutive paired experiments. Ambient room temperature and relative humidity were constant and the infant's activity (quiet sleep) and postprandial state were the same in both conditions. Together with a significant rise in operative temperature (P less than .05) induced by the double wall (accounted for by a 0.9 C mean increased in incubator wall temperature nearest the baby), their mean skin temperature and esophageal temperatures increased (P less than .025), while a decrease in oxygen consumption occurred in nine of the ten infants (P less than .05). These findings suggest that the double wall reduced radiant and total heat loss from the baby by diminishing the temperature gradient between the skin and incubator surfaces and that metabolic heat production (oxygen consumption) was reduced when the double wall was in place. PMID- 7243515 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis: a new problem]. PMID- 7243516 TI - [Long-term clinical and laboratory findings in a group of asthmatic children treated for 3 years with a specific desensitizing therapy]. PMID- 7243517 TI - [Synthesis of platelet phospholipids, early and independent of the release reaction]. PMID- 7243519 TI - [Use of an ampicillin-flucloxacillin combination in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in a series of pediatric cases]. PMID- 7243518 TI - [The urinary hydroxyproline-creatinine ratio, in random samples, in normal children and pituitary dwarfs]. PMID- 7243522 TI - [Congenital tuberculosis. Apropos of 2 recent cases]. PMID- 7243520 TI - [Transient idiopathic hyperphosphatasemia in the infant. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 7243521 TI - [Severe form of isosporiasis caused by Isospora hominis]. PMID- 7243523 TI - [Prediction of the adult height in the child]. PMID- 7243524 TI - Some perceptual dependencies in speeded classification of vowel color and pitch. PMID- 7243525 TI - Visual influence on taste sensitivity. PMID- 7243526 TI - Reduction of the Poggendorff effect by the motion of oblique lines. PMID- 7243527 TI - Hemispheric symmetry in duration of visible persistence. PMID- 7243528 TI - Evidence for phonetic processing of cues to place of articulation: perceived manner affects perceived place. PMID- 7243530 TI - The role of symmetry in the good continuation ratings of two-part tonal melodies. PMID- 7243531 TI - The effect of object shape and mode of presentation on judgements of apparent volume. PMID- 7243532 TI - Stability of individual loudness functions obtained by magnitude estimation and production. PMID- 7243529 TI - On the tangibility of letters and braille. PMID- 7243533 TI - Integrality over different paradigms: card sorting and two-stimulus matching. PMID- 7243534 TI - Binocular rivalry and perceptual interference. PMID- 7243538 TI - [The findings of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography of pancreatic cancer, correlated with macroscopic staging (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243537 TI - Inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula. -Report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 7243536 TI - Clinical significance of inferior phrenic angiography; special reference to diaphragmatic or paradiaphragmatic lesions. PMID- 7243535 TI - Correction to "dynamic visual noise and the stereophenomenon: interocular time delays, depth, and coherent velocities". PMID- 7243539 TI - [Calculation of optimal time and position of the source in intracavitary therapy using quadratic programming (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243540 TI - [Computer simulation for the effect of target angle in diagnostic x-ray tube on x ray output and half-value layer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243542 TI - [Can crises related to deliveries be avoided if more attention is given to the role of fathers and siblings?]. PMID- 7243541 TI - [Radioprotective effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on murine tissues (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243543 TI - [Simpler and faster deliveries if the fathers are allowed to attend]. PMID- 7243544 TI - [Death is of vital importance!. Interview by Eva Oldinger]. PMID- 7243545 TI - [Patients in Motala can decide whether they wish to spend their last days at home.. Interview by Eva Oldinger]. PMID- 7243546 TI - [The family's opinion: Now afterwards, I feel it was wise for my husband to spend his last days at home]. PMID- 7243547 TI - [Will it be more difficult for the future generation of adults to accept their own death?]. PMID- 7243548 TI - [Thoughts on the official Swedish investigation "The final stages of life". More essential to put life in the days than add days to the life]. PMID- 7243549 TI - [Proctological problems - diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7243550 TI - [Scandinavian model courses in arthroscopy and sports traumatology]. PMID- 7243551 TI - [Education of toxicologists could be co-ordinated in the Scandinavian countries]. PMID- 7243552 TI - [A surgery of public health services is needed]. PMID- 7243553 TI - [High incidence of autopsies in hospitals. Forensic medicine has become a society profession]. PMID- 7243554 TI - [The high incidence of autopsies provides important material for research]. PMID- 7243555 TI - [Autopsies in 18 per cent of deaths. Difficulties in recruiting pathologists]. PMID- 7243556 TI - [High international incidence of autopsies but researchers do not use the results]. PMID- 7243557 TI - [Comments on medical curricula]. PMID- 7243558 TI - [Tromso and its aftermath. More constructive criticism of teachers demanded at a subsequent seminar outside Uppsala]. PMID- 7243559 TI - [We should work towards coordination of postgraduate training for doctors in the Scandinavian countries]. PMID- 7243560 TI - Medical studies at McMasters. Informal evaluation and structured exercises instead of comprehensive exams. Interview by Ole K. Harlem. PMID- 7243561 TI - [Sleep hygiene or hypnotics?]. PMID- 7243562 TI - [Non-scientific treatment methods]. PMID- 7243563 TI - [Dizziness and general medicine]. PMID- 7243565 TI - [Physicians practicing alternative medicine: nature therapists should be physicians. It is often wise to start with flexible methods . Interview by Tapani Kosonen]. PMID- 7243564 TI - [The symptom dizziness--etiology and diagnosis]. PMID- 7243566 TI - [The use of alternative therapists]. PMID- 7243567 TI - [Alternative therapists in Naestved]. PMID- 7243569 TI - [Interpretations of ethical problems in medical associations]. PMID- 7243568 TI - [Old age neglected in physicians' education]. PMID- 7243570 TI - [Biomedical projects within the bounds of medical ethics]. PMID- 7243571 TI - [Circadian meal-related changes in serum lipoprotein levels in normal subjects (author's transl)]. AB - Circadian variations in serum lipoprotein levels in relation to meals were investigated in 10 healthy subjects on a normal diet. Lunch and dinner produced a concomitant increase in triglycerides and the apo-B of very low density lipoproteins (d less than 1.006). The increase observed after dinner was of the same degree as after lunch but was more prolonged; this longer duration was unrelated to the nocturnal increase in free fatty acids. Apo-A1 levels also rose slightly after lunch and dinner, and so did HDL-cholesterol which, however, decreased during the night. These results suggest that in normal subjects the intravascular lipolytic activity is reduced during the night. PMID- 7243572 TI - [Pre-operative detection of parathyroid adenomas with ultrasound echography (author's transl)]. AB - Pre-operative ultrasound echography (USE) was performed in 24 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgical exploration showed 23 adenomas and was negative in 2 cases. USE gave 14 true positive, 3 false positive, 4 true negative and 6 false negative results. The specificity of the method was 79% and its sensitivity 93%. These figures are similar to those of recently published series. USE is a delicate but rewarding technique. In the hands of sonographists trained in cervical ultrasonography, it might eventually be used routinely to localize parathyroid tumours prior to surgery. PMID- 7243573 TI - [Cancer of the oesophagus. The cost of investigations for metastases (author's transl)]. AB - The choice of methods for detecting metastases in cancer patients should be governed by two basic considerations: the frequency of the metastases investigated, and the cost-benefit ratio of the available techniques. The concept of "cost per metastasis" is closely related to both factors. Far from being adverse to good medicine, it helps the clinician to make judicious choices, spares the patient unnecessary weariness and reduces to a minimum the duration of pre-therapeutic evaluation. PMID- 7243574 TI - [Silicone elastomer prosthesis of the common bile duct. Operative procedure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243576 TI - [Poisoning by mushrooms of the Cortinarius orellanus type. A rare cause of kidney failure]. PMID- 7243575 TI - [Normalization of the secretion of growth hormone after excision of a somatotropic adenoma]. PMID- 7243577 TI - [Neoplastic peritonitis encapsulans]. PMID- 7243578 TI - [Drug allergy]. PMID- 7243579 TI - [Significance of kidney and urinary tract abnormalities detected during bone scintiscans (author's transl)]. AB - The kidneys and the bladder are regularly visible when bone scintiscans are performed during 99mTc-labelled phosphorus compounds, and abnormalities in the distribution of local activities within these organs are not uncommonly detected. The authors were able to compare such abnormalities with clinical, laboratory and X-ray data in 139 out of 1980 cases of bone scintiscan. In 84% of the cases the pathological image was associated with an established renal or urinary disease and was indeed often responsible for its unexpected discovery. Urinary tract abnormalities detected on bone scintigrams therefore deserve to be taken into consideration and should be confirmed by appropriate investigations. PMID- 7243580 TI - [Selective arterial embolization for haemorrhages complicating hip surgery. One case (author's transl)]. AB - In a patient undergoing re-operation on the hip, the severity and repetition of haemorrhages despite successive blood transfusions led to therapeutic angiography. Angiography of the renal artery pinpointed the bleeding areas: pools of extravasated blood were found along the distal branches of the superior gluteal artery and the ascending branch of the posterior circumflex artery. Selective catheterization and embolization of these two vessels resulted in complete and permanent haemostasis. Arterial embolization, already widely used for post-traumatic haemorrhages, can therefore be applied to the haemorrhagic complications of orthopedic surgery. Provided it is sufficiently selective, the risks of extensive necrosis are non-existent. PMID- 7243581 TI - [Histoenzymatic study of the effects of aluminium phosphate on the gastric mucosa (author's transl)]. AB - Gastric biopsies were performed before and after a 1-month aluminium phosphate gel treatment on 12 patients with gastritis or peptic ulcer requiring endoscopy. The sections were stained with various dyes used in histoenzymatic techniques, and colour intensity was evaluated double-blind by means of 0 to 5 scores. Compared with pretreatment levels, there was a statistically significant rise in PAS-toluidine blue activity, which measures mucus secretion (p less than 0.001) and in succinic dehydrogenase activity, an enzyme associated with cell respiration (p less than 0.05). The meaning of these changes is discussed. The mode of action of aluminum phosphate gels on the gastric mucosa remains hypothetical, but a direct contact induction mechanism seems more acceptable than an indirect mechanism involving non-specific reduction in intragastric acidity. Provided the results are statistically evaluated on a sufficient number of samples, PAS-toluidine blue and succinic dehydrogenase stains appear to constitute an easily measurable potential index of intracellular metabolic activity within the gastric mucosa. They could be used as markers to study the efficacy and biochemical mode of action of old and new drugs for gastro-duodenal disorders. PMID- 7243582 TI - [Compensatory hypertrophy of the kidney. Experimental data and applications to man (author's transl)]. AB - Compensatory hypertrophy of the kidney is a puzzling phenomenon of considerable importance, as it makes it possible for a patient with one kidney absent, destroyed or removed to lead a normal life. Non wonder then that since the beginning of the century it has given rise to numerous studies, first on animals, then on live renal transplant donors. The increase in volume of the remaining kidney is not due to an increase in the number of nephrons, but to hyperplasia and, mostly, hypertrophy of the cells of proximal convoluted tubules. Functional adaptation essentially results from increased tubular reabsorption but also involves all other kidney functions, so that the overall renal function of subjects with only one kidney is almost the same as that of subjects with two kidneys. The mechanism which triggers off compensatory hypertrophy remains unclear, and several theories still need to be confirmed. PMID- 7243583 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic adenopathy in monoclonal gammapathy. A new case]. PMID- 7243584 TI - [Pyoderma gangrenosum in myelofibrosis]. PMID- 7243587 TI - [Erythrocytic T-specific auto-antibody. Fortuitous discovery in transfusion immunology in a patient]. PMID- 7243586 TI - [Peridural administration of morphine in post-operative urologic analgesia and chest injuries]. PMID- 7243588 TI - [Is it necessary to transfuse granulocytes during pneumonia to patients with acute leukemia in aplasia?]. PMID- 7243585 TI - [A new drug interaction, dopamine-cimetidine? report of a documented case]. PMID- 7243590 TI - [Meralgia paresthetica, or neuralgia of the femoro-cutaneous nerve in the pregnant woman]. PMID- 7243591 TI - [Epidemiology of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus]. PMID- 7243589 TI - [Acute pancreatitis cholestatic hepatitis induced by estroprogestatives]. PMID- 7243592 TI - [Recurrence of gallbladder lithiasis after withdrawal of chenodesoxycholic acid treatment]. PMID- 7243593 TI - [6th convention of the French Society of Hematology. Abstracts]. PMID- 7243594 TI - Sequence of DNA complementary to a small RNA segment of influenza virus A/NT/60/68. AB - A small RNA segment from the influenza virus strain A/NT/60/68 (H3N2) was converted to cDNA and then to double-stranded DNA using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide primers. The double-stranded form was cloned into the bacteriophage M1 3mp7. Clones yielding single-strand recombinant templates in opposite orientation were sequenced by the Sanger dideoxynucleotide chain termination technique. The small viral RNA was 422 nucleotides long and the evidence indicated that it was formed by internal deletion of segment 3. It also contained sequences homologous to segment 1. PMID- 7243597 TI - Round-table discussion on radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 7243596 TI - Synthesis and properties of 5'-triphosphoryl 2'-5' oligoadenylates (2-5A), and a general method for synthesis of 3', 5'-bisphosphorylated oligonucleotides. AB - 2'-5'-Linked oligoadenylic acid 5'-triphosphates (2-5A) having chain lengths of 2 4 have been synthesized by polymerization of 3'-O-(o-nitrobenzyl)-N benzoyladenosine 5'-phosphate followed by 5'-triphosphorylation via the imidazolidates. A large scale preparation of 5'-O-phosphoryladenylyl-(2'-5') adenylyl-(2'-5')-adenosine was performed by the phosphotriester method using 5'-O monomethoxytrityl-3'-O-(o-nitrobenzyl)-N-benzoyladenosine 2'-O-p chlorophenylphosphate and 5'-O-phosphorodianilido-3'-O-(o-nitrobenzyl)-N benzoyladenosine 2'-O-p-chlorophenylphosphate as intermediates. The trimer was also triphosphorylated by the imidazolide method. CD spectra for 5'-mono and triphosphorylated 2'-5' adenylates were measured as well as their UV hypochromicities. This triester method was also applied to the synthesis of 3',5' bisphosphorylated protected oligoadenylic acids with natural 3'-5' linkages which could be used for further condensations to yield 5'-phosphorylated polynucleotides. PMID- 7243595 TI - Periodicity in DNA primary structure is defined by secondary structure of the coded protein. AB - A 10.5-base periodicity found earlier is inherent in both eu- and prokaryotic coding nucleotide sequences. In the case of noncoding eukaryotic sequences no periodicity is found, so the 10.5-base oscillation seemingly does not correlate with the nucleosomal organization of DNA. It is shown that the DNA fragments, coding the alpha-helical protein segments, manifest the pronounced 10.5-base periodicity, while those regions of DNA which code the beta-structure have a 6 base oscillation. The repeating pattern of nucleotide sequences can be used for comparison of the DNA segments with low degree of homology. PMID- 7243598 TI - [Determination of endogenous labelling of thyroid hormones during a radioiodide test in euthyroid goiter patients and hyperthyroid patients (author's transl)]. AB - The administration of a diagnostic dose of radioiodide, as in the radioiodide uptake test, results in the formation and secretion of radioactive thyroid hormones (endogenous labelling). In this report a method is described by which thyroid hormones are chromatographically isolated from serum, with the simultaneous assessment of the incorporated radioactivity over a period of time. A low-level counter was used to measure the small amounts of activity present. By this method the hormone phases during a radioiodide uptake test may be better evaluated. The present results show a good diagnostic discrimination between euthyroidism and borderline or definite hyperthyroidism (by a factor of 10 and 40, respectively). The influence of factors such as a small intrathyroidal iodide pool need, or course, to be considered. Hence, by taking into account such parameters as the intrathyroidal iodide pool, the hormone clearance etc, a technique for the measurement of thyroid hormone secretion can be developed. PMID- 7243599 TI - [The arterial contribution to total liver perfusion (author's transl)]. AB - Dynamic hepatic scintiangiography is a method of estimating some aspects of liver hemodynamics. Especially in cirrhotics and in liver-grafted patients this method may be clinically useful. We studied some methodological aspects of the differentiation between the arterial and the portal positions of the liver time activity curve. In 16 patients with otherwise proven pure arterial perfusion of the liver there wee three different forms of the curve: in 8 cases the first peak was followed by a second upslope. In 5 cases there was a plateau after the peak, and in 3 cases the peak was followed by a downslope of the curve. No general description of all curves could be found. Therefore all methods using plateau techniques for subtracting the arterial from the portal portion of the curve seem to be doubtful. In these and in other patients five different techniques were compared: the arterial part was much underestimated by the method of George (76 +/- 9%), slightly underestimated by the method of Biersack (91 +/- 8%), and much overestimated by the method of Boyd (123 +/- 11%). The methods of Fajman and our modification estimated always 100% in the patients with pur arterial perfusion. Comparing a set of independent evaluations the mean deviation wa 11% in normals and 23% in cirrhotics of arterial part. Only rough changes of the arterial to portal ratio of hepatic perfusion can be evaluated by dynamic hepatic scintiangiography. PMID- 7243600 TI - [Distribution in rats after intravenous injection of 88Y compounds (author's transl)]. AB - 88Y was given to rats in form of citrate, diphosphonate or chloride to determine its accumulation in various organs. The activity in the bones was high but not as high as that of calcium. The application of methylene-diphosphonate showed high enrichment in the liver because of intravital colloid formation. Elimination by the kidneys depends on the type of the 88Y compound applied. PMID- 7243601 TI - Differences between 201Tl and 43K tissue distribution in rested and exercises rats. AB - A comparison is made of relative organ-to-plasma uptake of 43K and 201Tl in rats at rest and after exercise (two hour swimming). Organs were obtained 0.5 or 3 hrs after radionuclide injection. Thus, there were four groups each for 43K and 201 Tl. For 201Tl the triad kidneys-heart-adrenals was very consistent throughout the four experimental situations in showing the highest uptake, whereas for 43K adrenals-heart-liver predominated at 0.5 hrs and thymus-liver at 3 hrs. The ratio 201Tl/43K in myocardium was always greater than unity in all four experimental situations. The heart-to-lung and heart-to-liver uptake ratios were lower in all cases for 43K vs. 201Tl. One of the most important findings was that exercise always determined an increase of these ratios for 201Tl, but it had an unfavorable effect on the 43K heart/lung ratio and no definite effect on the 43K heart/liver ratio. Our findings are analyzed in the light of previous publications. It is concluded that these two ions have biologically important different characteristics and that excessive and seemingly unjustified emphasis has been made on their physiological similarity. PMID- 7243603 TI - Adrenal scintigraphy in primary aldosteronism. Improved visualization after long term pre-treatment with dexamethasone. AB - Dexamethasone-modified adrenal scintigrams were performed on 13 patients with an aldosterone-producing adenoma and on one patient with an aldosterone-producing carcinoma. Adrenal scintigrams using 131I-19-Iodocholesterol were obtained after short pre-treatment with dexamethasone, while 131I-6 beta-Iodomethyl-19-Nor Cholesterol scintigrams were performed after long-term pre-treatment with dexamethasone during 9-21 days. Using the former procedure the adrenal scintigrams correctly identified the adenoma in 3 of 8 patients, while with the latter procedure the adrenal scintigrams localized the adenomas in 8 out of 9 patients, including 3 patients in whom the former procedure had failed. The adrenal carcinoma was not visualized with 131I-6 beta-Iodomethyl-19-Nor Cholesterol. Thus, the sensitivity of 131I-19-Iodocholesterol scintigrams to detect aldosterone-producing adenomas was only 37.5%. Uptake of radioactivity in the normal contralateral adrenal gland accounted for the low detection rate. On the other hand, the 131I-6 beta-Iodomethyl-19-Nor-Cholesterol scintigrams, performed after long-term pre-treatment with dexamethasone, had a sensitivity of 89%. It is suggested that long-term pre-treatment with dexamethasone contributed to the improved sensitivity by a more effective suppression of radioactivity uptake in the normal adrenal gland. PMID- 7243604 TI - Hepatobiliary kinetics of 113mIn-phenolphthalexon. AB - Phenolphthalexon, a compound with iminodiacetic acid as a functional group, has been labelled with 113mIn to high chemical purity and its usefulness in studies of biliary excretion patency has been studied. Organ distribution of 113mInphenolphthalexon in mice was characterized by high liver uptake (50.8% of the administered dose after 5 min) and rapid clearance through the gall bladder. An animal model for studying obstruction of biliary excretion has been developed. Data on the kinetics of the radiopharmaceutical were obtained by collecting in vivo data through an on-line computer. PMID- 7243602 TI - [Sonographic determination of thyroid volume. Comparison with other methods (author's transl)]. AB - Using ultrasound it is possible to determine the thyroid volume with a maximal error of 12%. The method is based on the electronic planimetry of a sequence of transverse ultrasound scans of the thyroid. Following this, the "slices" are added using a small computer. On 101 patients five commonly used methods of volume determination were compared with this reference technique. The volume estimation by palpation and interpretation of the scintigram as well as the volume calculation from the scintigram area or from an ellipsoid model gave maximal errors between plus or minus 82% and plus or minus 90%. The combination of scintigram area or scintigraphically determined length and width of a single thyroid lobe and the sonographically measured thickness reduced the maximal error to plus or minus 35% and plus or minus 37%. In 10 patients teh reproducibility of the reference technique was excellent and the absolute maximal error was 4.6%, even when the patients were differently positioned. PMID- 7243605 TI - An analog of MSH/ACTH 4-9 enhances interpersonal and environmental awareness in mentally retarded adults. AB - In a double blind procedure, four doses (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg) of an orally active analog of ACTH/MSH 4-9 was administered to mentally retarded adults. Changes in behavior and in productivity were evaluated as subjects performed their job in a sheltered workshop. During the first week productivity suffered while behavior related to communication and sociability increased in clients receiving the peptide analog. During the second week, clients given the peptide were more productive and attentive to environmental events while differences in sociability stabilized. Five and 10 mg enhanced productivity of tasks requiring precision and concentration where 20 mg depressed performance of all tasks. Regression equations indicated that different doses of the peptide generated unique relationships between behavior and productivity with self-stimulation characterizing the clients given the peptide. The use of the peptide analog of ACTH/MSH as a potential treatment with the mentally retarded is encouraged by these findings. PMID- 7243607 TI - Central administration of peptides alters thermoregulation in the rabbit. AB - Sixteen peptides were injected intracerebroventricularly to test their effects on rectal temperature of rabbits in a thermoneutral environment. In initial tests 5 micrograms alpha-MSH, ACTH(1--24), oxytocin, vasopressin and glucagon altered body temperature while ACTH(1--10), cholecystokinin, contraceptive tetrapeptide, gastrin, insulin, interferon, leupeptin, LHRH, panhibin (somatostatin), and proctolin did not. Bombesin also altered body temperature but in no consistent direction. In further tests on the effective peptides 1.25--5.0 micrograms alpha MSH and ACTH(1--24) produced dose-related decreases in rectal temperature as great as 1.0 degrees C. The same doses of oxytocin and glucagon produced small, prolonged hyperthermias which did not exceed 0.4 degrees C. Vasopressin caused rapid development of small increases in rectal temperature; temperature returned to normal in 2--3 hr. The results suggest that five of the peptides tested may have roles in central mediation of normal body temperature, hypothermia, hyperthermia and fever. PMID- 7243608 TI - Relationship of melanocyte-stimulating hormone to photoreceptor damage. AB - Three separate experiments involving intact, sham-operated and hypophysectomized albino rats, examined the relationship of alpha-MSH to the severity of photically induced retinal damage. alpha-MSH was administered at 1430 hours and 0900 hours, when endogenous MSH levels are different, and continuously by osmotic minipumps. alpha-MSH was ineffective in enhancing or reducing photoreceptor damage under these experimental conditions. A highly significant reduction in outer nuclear layer and total retinal thicknesses occurred in intact and hypophysectomized rats exposed to continuous illumination as compared to those in cyclic photoperiod. Hypophysectomy provided a significant degree of protection to the retina from photic damage. PMID- 7243606 TI - Vasopressin neurons grafted into Brattleboro rats: viability and activity. AB - Blocks of the anterior hypothalamus containing vasopressin neurons were grafted from normal 17-day-old rat fetuses into the median eminence of adult female rats with a congenital deficiency of vasopressin neurons (Brattleboro strain rats). Immunocytochemical staining of the transplants 40 days after grafting demonstrated the presence of magnocellular neurons which stained positively for vasopressin and neurophysin. Axons from these neurons could be traced into the median eminence and the primary capillary plexus of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system. Water consumption decreased by as much as 63% in animals carrying viable grafts. The observation that water consumption decreased and remained depressed in hosts carrying viable grafts along with the immunocytochemical data suggest that the transplanted neurons are synthesizing, storing, and releasing biologically active VP. PMID- 7243609 TI - Cholecystokinin acts on the hypothalamic "noradrenergic system" involved in feeding. AB - In male long Evans rats, microinjection cannulae were stereotaxically positioned to rest in sites in the preoptic area and medial hypothalamus. After the rats were satiated on wet mash, norepinephrine (NE) was infused in a dose of 2.5 micrograms and a volume of 0.75 microliter into these diencephalic sites. At loci in six animals, NE evoked spontaneous feeding of 5.0 gms or more of wet mash. Cholecystokinin (CCK) infused prior to the NE microinjection either intraperitoneally (0.5--1.0 microgram/kg) or at the NE-sensitive hypothalamic sites (75--150 ng) significantly attenuated or blocked the rat's feeding response to NE. The intake of water was unaffected by CCK in both instances. Thus, CCK may act on the diencephalic noradrenergic feeding system indirectly, through vagal afferent pathways, or directly within the animal's hypothalamus. PMID- 7243610 TI - Effect of methionine-enkephalin on xanthopore aggregation. AB - The intracranial injection of an opioid antagonist (naloxone) caused aggregation of xanthophores in goldfish scales. This aggregating effect produced by naloxone was inhibited by an injection of methionine-enkephalin (M-ENK). M-ENK, when injected together with melatonin which normally produces aggregation of xanthophores, interfered with the effect of melatonin by inhibiting the aggregation. An injection of naloxone together with melatonin showed no difference in the aggregation from that of either naloxone or melatonin alone. The possibility of interaction between melatonin and M-ENK was discussed. PMID- 7243611 TI - Bombesin elicits satiety in sham feeding rats. AB - The satiety effect of intraperitoneal injections of the synthetic tetradecapeptide bombesin (BBS) was examined in rats equipped with chronic gastric cannulas. BBS produced potent, dose-related suppressions of both sham feeding (on days when gastric cannulas were open) and feeding (on days when gastric cannulas were closed). BBS not only suppressed sham feeding, but also elicited the behavioral sequence characteristic of normal satiety. The results demonstrate the potency of BBS in eliciting behavioral satiety under conditions in which gastric, intestinal and postabsorptive mechanisms are minimally activated by ingested food. These findings are consistent with previous reports suggesting a role for BBS in satiety. PMID- 7243612 TI - Effects of taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid on akinesia and analgesia induced by D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide in rats. AB - Effects of taurine or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on akinesia and analgesia induced by D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide were investigated in rats. Administration of taurine (dose range: 2.375 X 10(-2) M-9.5 X 10(-2)-Met-enkephalinamide were investigated in rats. Administration of taurine (dose range: 2.375 X 10(-2) M-9.5 X 10(-2) M/10 microliters) into the left lateral ventricle 10 min prior to the injection of D-Ala2-Met enkephalinamide (50 microgram/10 microliter) produced a dose-dependent reduction in the duration of akinesia and to some extent of analgesia, as estimated at 30 min and 60 min following the enkephalinamide injection; at the first estimation-time (10 min), taurine did not alter the duration of akinesia or that of analgesia. The median effective dose (ED50) for akinesia determined at 60 min after D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide was 5 times greater and that for analgesia assessed at the same time was 1.7 times greater in taurine-treated rats than the respective doses in control animals. Administration of GABA under similar experimental conditions produced a dose-dependent reduction in the duration of analgesia from the initial estimation time (10 min) following the injection of D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide. The ED50 for analgesia determined at 30 min after D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide was 3 times greater in GABA-treated rats than in control animals. Unlike the effects of taurine, GABA did not alter the duration of akinesia. Neither the duration of akinesia nor that of analgesia was modified by taurine or GABA alone in rats tested 9 min after the injection of each amino acid. These findings suggest that taurine may promote a recovery from both akinesia and analgesia, while GABA decreases only the analgesia induced by D Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide. PMID- 7243613 TI - Effects of alpha-MSH and melatonin on passive avoidance and on PA-induced defecation and plasma 11-OHCS in hypophysectomized rats. AB - The present study shows tha alpha-MSH facilitates the acquisition and delays the extinction of a Passive Avoidance Response (PAR) in the hypox animals. MSH exacerbates PA-induced defecation in both hypox and sham-hypox animals. Hypox and sham-hypox animals treated with MSH do not differ on PAR or on PA-induced defecation. Melatonin, on the other hand, has no significant effect on PAR in hypox rats, but retards acquisition and facilitates extinction of the PAR in sham hypox rats. Melatonin also inhibits PA-induced defecation in sham-hypox rats. Sham-hypox and hypox rats treated with Melatonin do not differ on PAR learning, retention (Extinction) and PA-induced defecation. MSH and Melatonin also seem to have opposite effects on plasma 11-OHCS levels measured at the end of PAR extinction. MSH increases plasma 11-OHCS in hypox rats, whereas Melatonin decreases plasma 11-OHCS in sham-hypox rats. Melatonin does not lower further the very low level of plasma 11-OHCS in hypox rats. PMID- 7243614 TI - 24-Hour plasma secretin level and pancreatic secretion in dog. AB - Plasma secretin concentrations were determined and duodenal pH was recorded continuously for a period of 24 hours after ingestion of a meal in 3 dogs with gastric cannula and duodenal cannula and in 4 dogs with pancratic fistulae. The mean plasma secretin concentration increased significantly after a meal and it remained elevated for the first 12-hour period (peak at 30 min). Duodenal pH frequently decreased below 4.5 during the first 12-hour postprandial period, but it remained above 5.0 during the second 12 hours. Pancreatic secretion peaked during the first hour of meal ingestion and remained elevated until the end of 12 hours. The increased plasma secretin level in pancreatic fistula dog during the postprandial period was significantly greater than that of duodenal cannula dog, but the trends of increase in the secretin levels were quite identical. The present study indicates that: (1) plasma secretin concentration increases significantly within 30 min after a meal and remains increased during the first 12-hour period, (2) duodenal pH frequently decreaded below 4.5 during the same 12 hours but more frequently during the first 6 hours, and (3) a significant increase in pancreatic water, HC03- and protein occurred during the same time period. PMID- 7243615 TI - Immunochemical characterization of neurotensin-like peptides in chicken. AB - Using radioimmunoassay and 3 region specific antisera toward bovine neurotensin (NT), the NT-like peptides in chicken have been shown to differ from NT but to strongly resemble its COOH-terminal region. Three substances were identified, one of which resembled NT biologically and appeared to share 7 or 8 of its COOH terminal residues. The two other peptides were smaller than NT but seemed to possess 4-6 residue homologies with it. Tissue distribution studies indicated that the chicken pancreas and thymus had unusually high levels of this material (greater than 200 fold than in rat) and that the 3 substances were distributed differently in tissues. Chromatographic studies showed that the peptides obtained form brain, intestine, thymus, and pancreas were similar. These results, demonstrating evolutionary conservation of the COOH-terminal region of NT, are in keeping with the known importance of this region for biological activity. These finding also suggest the exstence of an NT-family of peptides serving multiple biological roles. PMID- 7243616 TI - Isolation, structure and biologic activity of chicken intestinal neurotensin. AB - Using a radioimmunoassay towards bovine neurotensin(NT), chicken NT has been purified to homogeneity from extracts of intestine and its amino acid sequence determined to be: less than Glu-Leu-His-Val-Asn-Lys-Ala-Arg-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu OH. The molecule is identical to the bovine peptide except for the 3 amino acid substitutions located in its NH2-terminal half and italicized above (His/Tyr: Val/Glu; Ala/Pro). The structure for chicken NT is consistent with earlier immunochemical studies which indicated a COOH-terminal homology with bovine NT [1]. The peptide isolated was shown to be near equipotent with bovine NT in its ability to induce hypotension, hyperglycemia, and cyanosis in the anesthesized rat, underscoring the importance of the COOH-terminal residues in NT for biological activity. PMID- 7243617 TI - Tyrosine-modified analogs of methionine-enkephalin and their effects on the mouse vas deferens. AB - Eighteen analogs of Met-enkephalin were synthesized in order to examine features of the N-terminal tyrosine (Tyr) residue responsible for activity on the mouse vas deferens. The most critical part of the tyrosine side-chain was its phenolic hydroxyl group which, in terms of biological activity, was highly sensitive to small changes and to the inclusion of fluorine or methyl groups in the aromatic ring. In contrast, the free amino group was not as sensitive to alterations. Single amino acid extensions had only modest effects on activity; however, beta and D-amino acid extensions virtually destroyed activity. Although the Tyr residue might be considered a promising part of the opiate peptides for the development of competitive antagonists, none of our inactive analogs were able to antagonize enkephalin and were, therefore, without binding affinity towards opiate receptors in the vas deferens. PMID- 7243618 TI - D-Amphetamine-induced hypothermia and hypermotility in rats: changes after systemic administration of beta-endorphin. AB - Systemically administered beta-endorphin was tested in rats for its ability to modify the hypothermia and hypermotility induced by d-amphetamine. Colonic temperature and motor activity were measured in a cold (4 degrees C) ambient temperature in animals given IP injections of beta-endorphin (0.1, 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg), naloxone (10 mg/kg), or morphine (30 mg/kg). The same measurements were taken in animals given beta-endorphin (1.0 mg/kg) in combination with naloxone or saline pretreatment and d-amphetamine (15 mg/kg) or saline post-treatment. Morphine alone had a biphasic effect on thermoregulation, but did not affect d amphetamine-induced hypothermia. Activity scores were decreased by morphine, in both d-amphetamine and saline treated animals. The thermal response of rats to beta-endorphin alone was variable, depending on dosage, but all 3 dosages partially blocked the hypothermic effect of d-amphetamine. Naloxone blocked the thermal effects of both beta-endorphin and d-amphetamine. Motor activity tended to be decreased by naloxone, regardless of amphetamine treatment, but beta endorphin tended to increase activity in amphetamine-treated animals and reduce it in saline-treated controls. In their action on both thermoregulation and activity, naloxone and beta-endorphin appeared to interact independently with d amphetamine, often producing effects in the same direction, but in combination, they tended to be mutually inhibitory. PMID- 7243619 TI - A useful method for formylation of peptides. PMID- 7243620 TI - Short-term behavioral effects of posterior pituitary peptides in mice. AB - The acute behavioral effects of some neurohypophyseal hormones after intracerebroventricular injection in mice were examined. The effects, consisting mainly of a dose-dependent stimulation of certain behaviors, were demonstrated in three different behavioral tests. The type of the induced behaviors was dependent on the experimental conditions: If the mice were placed into a cage after the injection of the peptides, excessive scratching and grooming behaviors were induced. If they were exposed to stressful environmental influences, however, escape-directed activity was markedly stimulated with only minimal elevation of scratching and grooming behaviors. Very low doses down to less than 1 nanogram per mouse were effective. The effects can be observed after central, but not after peripheral application of the peptides and are mediated by a mechanism that displays some degree of specificity. An activity unit for the behavior-altering potency of the peptides was defined. A role of neurohypophyseal hormones or related peptides in the regulation of motivation and behavioral arousal is suggested. PMID- 7243621 TI - Comparison of biological and behavioral activities of alpha- and gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormones. AB - The biological and behavioral activities of gamma-MSH (gamma-MSH) and alpha-MSH (alpha-MSH) were compared using three different tests: darkening of the skin of Anolis, grooming behavior of rats, and performance of a visual discrimination task by rats. When incubated with the Anolis skin, both peptides cause skin darkening. However, alpha-MSH is much more potent than gamma-MSH. The alpha-MSH effect is not antagonized by coincubation with gamma-MSH. When given intraventricularly to rats, alpha-MSH induces a marked grooming behavior. This effect was not noted upon administration of gamma-MSH. Injection of gamma-MSH with the alpha-MSH did not produce a grooming response significantly different from alpha-MSH alone. In the visual discrimination task, the two peptides had opposite effects on the rate at which rats learned the initial discrimination and a subsequent reversal. The peptides were injected intraperitoneally prior to behavioral testing. Following alpha-MSH, rats learned the discrimination and subsequent reversal faster than the control rats. Following gamma-MSH, rats learned the initial discrimination at approximately the same rate as controls, and learned the reversal much slower. These results are discussed in terms of the similarity and differences in the mechanisms of action of alpha-MSH and gamma MSH. PMID- 7243622 TI - Vasopressin release by nicotine in the cat. AB - Our goal in this study was to examine where nicotine acted on the neurohypophysial release of arginine vasopressin (AVP). In the chamber-isolated, unanesthetized cat, an IV infusion of nicotine (25--50 micrograms/kg/min for 10 min) produced a 54-fold rise in plasma AVP (65 +/- 12.5 microU/ml) and a behavioral sequence of restlessness, ear twitching, salivation, chewing and retching. Chloralose anesthesia and acute surgical preparation increased plasma AVP (9.4 +/- 3.8 microU/ml) 4-times the control level in the unanesthetized state (2.4 +/- 0.1 microU/ml). In the anesthetized cat, an IV infusion of nicotine produced a 140-fold rise in plasma AVP (802.7 +/- 289.0 microU/ml) and a biphasic response in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) which rose to 32% above control in the first 5 min and fell to 25% below control during the last 5 min. Bilateral surgical section of the carotid sinus and vagus nerves increased plasma AVP (47.6 +/- 25.8 microU/ml) to 5-times the control level in the anesthetized state (9.4 +/- 3.8 microU/ml). In the anesthetized, baroreceptor-denervated cat, an IV infusion of nicotine produced a 3-fold rise in plasma AVP (141.5 +/- 31.3 microU/ml) and a biphasic MABP response. Hypophysectomy abolished the nicotine induced rise in AVP but did not modify the biphasic MABP response. These data suggest that in the cat nicotine releases AVP from the neurohypophysis by multiple sites of action within the receptive fields of te carotid sinus and vagus nerves and at unknown loci within the central nervous system. PMID- 7243626 TI - Biochemical localization and characterization of bombesin-like peptides in discrete regions of rat brain. AB - A radioimmunoassay using an antiserum which recognizes the C-terminal of bombesin was used to determine the regional distribution of bombesin-like peptides in discrete regions of rat brain. The concentration of endogenous bombesin-like peptides was 30-fold greater in high (substantia gelatinosa trigemini, nucleus tractus solitarius, interpeduncular nucleus and arcuate nucleus) than low regions (caudate, hippocampus and cingulate cortex). When brain extracts were fractionated using high pressure liquid chromatography techniques two major peaks of immunoreactivity were obtained, the more hydrophobic peptide coeluted with synthetic bombesin. It is concluded that the current evidence supports the contention that bombesin may be a neuroactive peptide in the brain. PMID- 7243623 TI - Levels of gastrin-cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity in the brains of genetically obese and non-obese rats. AB - Levels of gastrin-cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity were measured in three brain regions (cortex, diencephalon, brainstem) and the pituitary gland in groups of genetically obese Zucker rats and their non-obese littermates. The obese animals had significantly increased body weights and significantly lowered brain weights. However, levels of gastrin-cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity were not different between the two groups in any of the regions measured. These results contrast with a recent report [11] in which ob/ob mice were found to have decreased levels of cholecystokinin in their brains. PMID- 7243625 TI - A p-methylbenzhydrylamine resin for improved solid-phase synthesis of peptide amides. AB - A p-methylbenzhydrylamine-resin, alpha-(p-tolyl)-amino-aminomethyl-functionalized copoly(styrene-1%-dvinylbenzene), was prepared for the improved solid-phase synthesis of peptide alpha-carboxamides. Following a Friedel-Crafts acylation of polymer beads, the resulting ketone resin was reductively aminated via the Leuckart reaction. A comparison of the relative acid stability of the p methylbenzhydrylamine-(MBHA)-, benzhydrylamine (BHA)- and alpha-phenyethylamine resins indicated that the p-methylbenzhydrylamine-resin provided the best yields of the model peptide carboxamides. PMID- 7243624 TI - Cholecystokinin inhibits food intake in genetically obese (C57BL/6j-ob) mice. AB - Cholecystokinin (CCK, 20% pure) inhibited liquid food intake in obese and lean male mice after 1.5 and 4.5 hr of food deprivation. CCK decreased meal size without changing the duration of the postprandial intermeal interval. The inhibition of food intake was relatively specific. The largest dose of CCK tested (40 U/kg) had no effect on water intake in lean mice and it merely changed the pattern of intake in obese mice. Obese mice were as sensitive as lean mice to the satiating effect of CCK after 1.5 hr and 4.5 hr of food deprivation. Since CCK decreased meal size in obese mice and since obese mice were normally sensitive to CCK, CCK could be the circulating satiety factor that Coleman [4] postulated was deficient in obese mice. The results, however, only indicate that CCK could be the deficient factor. Other experiments are required to prove the point. PMID- 7243628 TI - [Moyamoya syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243629 TI - [Pneumoencephalography and acid-base equilibrium in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243627 TI - Release of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone into rat and human cerebrospinal fluid in vivo and from rat hypothalamus slices in vitro. AB - The release of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) from central nervous system neurons was investigated and demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. alpha-MSH immunoreactivity in rat and human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is comprised of deacetylated alpha-MSH, alpha-MSH and the methionine sulfoxide forms of these peptides. The sulfoxides are formed artifactually upon extraction. alpha MSH in rat CSF is unaffected by hypophysectomy but is markedly increased by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic central gray. These data indicate that CSF alpha-MSH is primarily of neuronal origin, alpha-MSH is also released in a calcium dependent manner from hypothalamic slices in vitro. The fact that the release of alpha-MSH is stimulated by veratridine and inhibited by tetrodotoxin demonstrates the necessity for neuronal sodium influx for alpha-MSH release. The presence of an alpha-MSH neurosecretory process supports a neurotropic role for this peptide in the central nervous system. PMID- 7243630 TI - [Radiometric measurements of the aorta in healthy subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243631 TI - [Radiometric measurements of the aorta in patients with arterial hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243632 TI - [Experimental investigations on the effect of compressing metal plates on the structure of the united long bones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243633 TI - [Significance of radiculography in patients with spondylolisthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243634 TI - [Scintigraphic investigations of the adrenals by means of 75Se-selenocholesterol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243635 TI - [What is it? Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations]. PMID- 7243637 TI - [Hexabrix--a new contrast medium for angiographic investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243636 TI - [Radioisotope angioscintigraphy in visualization of phaeochromocytoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243638 TI - [Iatrogenic hypercalcemia in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7243639 TI - [Failures in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease in children]. PMID- 7243640 TI - [The state of the gastric mucosa after hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 7243643 TI - [Normal activity of uroporphyrinogen I synthase during an attack of acute intermittent porphyria]. PMID- 7243641 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of the skin prick test in the diagnosis of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7243644 TI - [Case of Boerhaave's syndrome in hereditary dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa]. PMID- 7243642 TI - [Causes of chronic renal failure and its course in children]. PMID- 7243645 TI - [Organization of the studies of thyroid function in the area of the Gdansk Medical Academy]. PMID- 7243646 TI - [Chromosome aberrations in children with glomerulonephritis treated with cyclophosphamide]. PMID- 7243647 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic principles in eye injuries]. PMID- 7243648 TI - [Effect of various nonsteroid inflammatory agents on the behavior of rats]. PMID- 7243649 TI - [Blood cadmium concentration in hypertension]. PMID- 7243650 TI - [Possibilities of using acrylate mass as a contrast medium and its use in maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 7243651 TI - [2 cases of Pickwickian syndrome]. PMID- 7243652 TI - [Strict indications for thyroid lymphography]. PMID- 7243653 TI - [Earlier gastrointestinal diseases in the epidemiology of stomach cancer]. PMID- 7243655 TI - [Interaction between digoxin and quinidine]. PMID- 7243654 TI - [Serum lipoproteins in subclinical hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7243656 TI - [Value of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of various respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 7243657 TI - [Radioisotope teletherapy of thyroid cancer previously treated or not treated surgically]. PMID- 7243658 TI - [Serum activity of cobalt-activated acylase in infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 7243659 TI - [Socioeconomic conditions of epileptic women and their children]. PMID- 7243660 TI - [Brain death]. PMID- 7243661 TI - [Bone cysts and pseudotumor bone changes in hemophilia]. PMID- 7243662 TI - [Iron metabolism in retinitis pigmentosa]. PMID- 7243663 TI - [Arterial vascularization of the posterior wall of the heart ventricle in the classification of posterior wall infarction]. PMID- 7243664 TI - [Effect of psychogenic factors on the course of various diseases treated at an internal disease clinic]. PMID- 7243666 TI - [Torulosis as an endemic disease in Africa]. PMID- 7243665 TI - [Different electrocardiographic patterns of Wenckebach's period]. PMID- 7243667 TI - [Acute intestinal ischemia]. PMID- 7243668 TI - [Comparative studies of organochlorine insecticides in human milk before and after withdrawal of these agents from chemical plant protection]. PMID- 7243670 TI - [Regional differences in malignant neoplasm mortality in Poland 1975-1976]. PMID- 7243673 TI - [Effect of lithium chloride on lymphocyte transformation]. PMID- 7243672 TI - [Fibrinolysis, blood coagulation and cigarette smoking]. PMID- 7243669 TI - [Acute poisoning in alcoholic intoxication and alcoholism]. PMID- 7243671 TI - [Blood serum lipid concentration and fecal fat excretion in children with celiac disease in relation to dietary habits]. PMID- 7243674 TI - [Hypertocopherolemia in a patient with impaired tocopherol (vitamin E) absorption]. PMID- 7243675 TI - [Development of methods of quantitative evaluation of morphological changes in small-intestine biopsy]. PMID- 7243676 TI - [Liver damage in celiac disease]. PMID- 7243678 TI - The search for new antiarrhythmics in the group of chirally 1,2-aminoalcohols. I. 3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoic acid esters of optically active N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis (1-hydroxybutyl-2) ethylenediamines. AB - Both enantiomeric (2S, 2'S) and (2'R) N, N'-dimethyl-N, N-bis (1-hydroxybutyl-2) ethylenediamines (Table 1) were obtained by methylation of the corresponding N,N' ethylene-bis-2-aminobutanols-1. The esterification of the former aminoalcohols with 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoic acid gave the both enantiomeric in title named esters (Table 2). The isomer with S configuration at both chirally center (C2 and C2), has a particularly strong antiarrhythmic properties (about 10-20 greater than quinidine or procaine amide in different experimental arrhythmia models in animals. The 2R,2'R enantiomere is 10-100 times less active one. It seems that the antiarrhythmic activity of this new group of antiarrhythmically active compounds, derivatives of chirally 1, 2-aminoalcohols is connected with spatial configuration. PMID- 7243677 TI - [Acetylation phenotype in a population from the Lodz region]. PMID- 7243679 TI - Central action of Craviten (M-71). AB - Craviten (M-71) or 2S, 2'S) N, N'-dimethyl-N, N'-bis [1-(3', 4', 5' -trimethoxy benzoyloxy)-butyl-2]-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride an agent with a strong antiarrhythmic action has practically no effect on the central nervous system of rats and mice. It exerts no effect on the spontaneous motor activity, on amphetamine-stimulated hyperactivity, on rota-red performance, it has no analgesic and anticonvulsant action and does not change the hexobarbital sleeping time. No effects of Craviten were observed on the body temperature in rats and mice. It decreased the arterial blood pressure in rats and stimulated slightly respiration. The hypotensive effect was dose-dependent. The LD50 of the preparation is: rats: 142 mg/kg ip, 15 x 8 mg/kg iv; mice: 550 mg/kg ip; rabbits: 5 x 1 mg/kg iv. PMID- 7243680 TI - Antiarrhythmic properties of Craviten (M-71) in cats and rabbits. AB - Preparation M-71 (Craviten, Polfa) possesses strong antiarrhythmic properties. It prevents development of cardiac arrhythmia evoked by BaCl2, ouabain and adrenaline in cats and rabbits, and abolishes the already developed arrhythmias. It prevents the aconitine-evoked arrhythmia only in rabbits. PMID- 7243681 TI - The influence of a new antiarrhythmic drug, Craviten (M-71) on the circulatory system in cats. AB - Craviten, a newly synthesized ester of optically active 2-aminobutanol-1, produced in cats hypotension and inhibited excitability of sinus node and atrio ventricular and intraventricular conduction. It acts as a spasmolytic on the isolated rabbit ileum, being approx. 100 times as potent as papaverine. Studies with drugs affecting the vegetative system indicate that the hypotensive and spasmolytic action of Craviten consists in a direct depressing action on smooth musculature. PMID- 7243682 TI - Pharmacological properties of Craviten (M-71). AB - The preparation Craviten (M-71) produced by POLFA Pharmaceutical Works in Cracow (2S, 2'S) N, N'-dimethyl-N, N'-bis-[1-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoyloxy)-butyl]-2 ethylenediamine dihydrochloride) prevents and abolishes heart rhythm disturbance induced in the rat with BaCl2, CaCl2, adrenaline or aconitine. The doses effectively preventing arrhythmia development were in the range from 0.035 to 0.175 mg/kg. They are many times lower than the doses of lidocaine, hexobendine, procaine amide and D,L-propranolol producing a similar effect. Craviten has a much more favourable therapeutic index than these antiarrhythmic agents. Craviten causes sinus bradycardia and slows down myocardial conduction. It exerts a spasmolytic effect about 70 times as strong as papaverine. It has no influence on the central nervous system, on urine excretion, and after topical application it has no irritating or local anaesthetic effect. The 2R, 2'R isomer of Craviten has a similar profile of pharmacological action but its antiarrhythmic and spasmolytic effects are many times weaker. PMID- 7243684 TI - The effect of Craviten, a new antiarrhythmic drug, its 2R, 2'R isomer, quinidine and procaine amide on human platelet aggregation. AB - Among the optical isomers of N, N'-dimethyl-N, N'-bis[1-(3', 4', 5 trimethoxybenzoyloxy)-butyl-2]-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride only the isomer with the (2S, 2'S) configuration (Craviten) in a concentration of 0.2 microgram/ml inhibits the ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets. The (2R, 2'R) isomer and quinidine exert a similar effect but only in a concentration ten times higher. Procaine amide (2 micrograms/ml) has an opposite effect, stimulating human platelet aggregation. PMID- 7243683 TI - The effect of a new antiarrhythmic drug: Craviten (M-71) on the ATP level in heart muscle slices in vitro. AB - Under anaerobic conditions, in which glucose is the only energy source, the ATP level in heart muscle slices diminishes to about 50% of the control value during 60 min of incubation. The presence of a new antiarrhythmic drug, Craviten (Polfa) (2S, 2'S) N, N'-dimethyl-N, N'-bis-[1(3', 4', 5'-trimethoxybenzoyloxy)-butyl-2] ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, (M-71), and to some extent also its 2R, 2'R isomer in 10 times greater concentration protects against this spontaneous ATP fall observed anaerobically in the control experiments. Under aerobic conditions, with glucose or palmitate as energy sources, Craviten even raises the ATP level in comparison to the initial control values. This effect is stereospecific, since the 2R, 2'R isomer does not change the aerobic ATP level, Quinidine and procaine amide used for comparison as standard antiarrhythmic drugs do not counteract the anaerobic ATP decrease, and under aerobic conditions they even enhance the ATP fall. Craviten, a new antiarrhythmic drug, exerts some stereospecific effect on energy metabolism and the ATP content in heart muscle slices in vitro. PMID- 7243686 TI - Lack of teratogenic and embryotoxic properties of (2S, 2'S) N,N'-dimethyl-N,N' bis [1-(3', 4', 5'-trimethoxybenzoyloxy)-butyl-2] ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (M-71). AB - (2S,2'S) N,N'-dimethyl-N, N'-bis[1-(3', 4', 5'-trimethylbenzoyloxy-butyl-2] ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (M-781, Craviten Polfa) was examined for teratogenic and embryotoxic activities in rats, golden hamsters and rabbits. Doses ranging from 3 to 450 mg/kg po i.e. 1/1500 to 1/10 of LD50 for mouse in all examined species showed no action suggesting teratogenic and embryotoxic properties. In contrary the development of fetuses of rats and hamsters (as indicated by body weight and length) was significantly better after all doses tested. PMID- 7243687 TI - In vitro study of (2S, 2'S) N,N'-dimethyl-N, N'-bis [1(3', 4', 5' trimethoxybenzoyloxy) butyl-2] ethylenediamine salts and their bioavailability. AB - The aim of this study was to improve the oral dosage form of the title compound. The study include base, dihydrochloride and dimaleate. In vitro study was carried out on rat intestine, in vivo on rats and rabbits. The low absorption of the M-71 salts has been shown in both in vitro and in vivo studies. To increase bioavailability in men the tablets or enteric coated tablets should be made according to the results of clinical trials. PMID- 7243685 TI - The chronic toxicity of the preparation M-71 (Craviten). AB - The studies of chronic toxicity of the preparation M-71 (Craviten) were carried out on rats and mice. The body weight, absolute and relative weight or organs, haematocrit, the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, the proportional content of leukocytes, OB value, activity of aminotransferases (AspAT and AlAT), the level of glucose in the blood serum and the histopathology of some organs were investigated. Moreover, in rats receiving M-71 intraperitoneally, the amount of electrolytes and the daily excretion of urine was studied. The results suggest that M-71 did not change the investigated parameters. PMID- 7243688 TI - Kinetics of Craviten decomposition in aqueous solutions. AB - A method has been evolved for determination of Craviten and its degradation products making possible qualitative investigations on the hydrolysis process of this drug. Using this method studies were carried out on the stability of the aqueous solutions of Craviten in the pH range from 1.1 to 5.9, with calculation of the basic kinetic parameters. The aqueous solutions of Craviten have insufficient stability (t10% at 20 degrees C was 331 hrs). PMID- 7243689 TI - Pharmacokinetic investigations of Craviten. I. Spectrofluorometric determination of the drug in biological material. AB - A spectrofluorometric method for the quantitative determination of Craviten in serum, tissues and urine is described. The fluoroscence spectrum of that compound in acetic acid solution at excitation and emission wavelengths 270/380 nm respectively, is determined. A linear relationship between fluorescence and concentration exists over the range 0.25-10 microgram/ml and concentration of the drug as small as 0.15 microgram/ml may be determined. PMID- 7243690 TI - Pharmacokinetic investigations of Craviten. II. Dose-dependent elimination kinetics in rats following rapid intravenous injection. AB - Serum and urine levels of iv administered Craviten were determined. Comparison of the decline of the same absolute and relative serum concentrations of the drug and the variation of pharmacokinetic parameters with the dose leads to the conclusion, that the elimination of Craviten in rats cannot be described by first order kinetics. The amount of the drug found in urine indicates, that the fraction of Craviten eliminated in the intact form is about 1.27 per cent of the iv administered dose. PMID- 7243692 TI - Pharmacokinetic investigations of Craviten. IV. First-pass metabolism in rats. AB - Pharmacokinetic analysis of serum levels of Craviten found after oral and iv injection suggests, that the examined drug has a relatively low systemic availability. This lack of availability may be attributed to the metabolism of Craviten during the first passage into the circulation after oral administration. PMID- 7243691 TI - Pharmacokinetic investigations of Craviten. III. Tissue distribution and elimination in rats. AB - Craviten was given iv in four different doses into male Wistar rats and tissue concentration of that drug was determined. Interpretation of experimental data suggests that the dose dependent pharmacokinetics of Craviten is not related to nonlinear tissue distribution. PMID- 7243693 TI - [Model of the structure of ribosomal loci A and P]. PMID- 7243695 TI - Ritual in medicine. PMID- 7243694 TI - Solitary thyroid nodule. 2. Selective approach to management. AB - Ordinarily, the history and physical examination and routine tests, including thyroid function tests, iodine 123 or technetium Tc 99m scans, and echography, will determine the best therapeutic approach to a solitary thyroid nodule. In the case of an asymptomatic, hypofunctional solid nodule, thyroid hormone suppression and fine-needle aspiration biopsy may be necessary to further delineate the best therapy. PMID- 7243696 TI - Cushing's disease: a review of pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and treatment. AB - Cushing's disease is a form of Cushing's syndrome that results from excessive ACTH secretion with consequent adrenal hyperplasia and increased cortisol secretion. Most patients have an ACTH-secreting tumor; in others, a hypothalamic defect may play an important role. Steroid determinations and the dexamethasone suppression test can confirm overproduction of cortisol. Measurement of basal plasma ACTH level is perhaps the most reliable way to determine the cause of overproduction. Transsphenoidal surgery seems to be the initial treatment of choice, if the necessary neurosurgical expertise is available. If it is not, bilateral adrenalectomy combined with conventional pituitary irradiation can be used. Other alternatives are cobalt 60 high-voltage or heavy-particle irradiation and drugs that interfere with cortisol biosynthesis. PMID- 7243697 TI - The bariuming of America. PMID- 7243699 TI - Medical aspects of competitive distance running: guidelines for community physicians. AB - While the incidence of major medical emergencies during competitive distance running is low, the large and growing number of persons involved, including the elderly, mandates serious attention by the medical community to provision of adequate prevention and care. The basic guidelines delineated in this article cover preventive measures, organization of medical care and facilities, diagnosis and treatment of emergencies, and use of community resources. PMID- 7243698 TI - Strategic aspects of prescription writing. AB - The strategic aspects of the written medical prescription, often overlooked, include fulfillment of the placebo, make-believe, and temporizing effects of prescribing; the patient's expectations to receive and participate in the choice of therapy; and the physicians's need for action. Prescribing requires fine judgement as to which drug to use, when to give it, and in what quantity and frequency. PMID- 7243700 TI - Principles of therapeutic drug monitoring. AB - Biochemical monitoring is generally advised for drugs that are potentially toxic, have a narrow therapeutic range, or are prescribed for life-threatening disease. Monitoring should not be attempted until the serum concentration reaches a plateau, or steady state, and sampling must be timed carefully. Besides incorrect timing, various technical, therapeutic, and patient factors can account for results outside the therapeutic range. PMID- 7243701 TI - Soft neurologic signs. PMID- 7243703 TI - A blow to the nose: common injury requiring skillful management. AB - The physician who initially examines the patient with a nasal or facial injury should thoroughly inspect the external and internal aspects of the nose and also evaluate the facial bones. General anesthesia may be necessary in examining children. Although roentgenograms of the nose and facial bones are usually obtained in cases of nasal injury, they rarely influence treatment. Treatment goals should be to maintain or restore satisfactory function and to ensure a good cosmetic result. The patient (or parents) should be advised to be alert to possible delayed abnormalities from the injury. PMID- 7243702 TI - Secondhand cigarette smoke as a cause of chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. AB - Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning in a nonsmoking patient continued for several years until her husband stopped smoking cigarettes near her. Carbon monoxide poisoning should be considered in non-smokers when characteristic toxic symptoms occur (ie, lethargy, irritability, headache, blurred vision, slowed reaction time, and decreased concentration). Toxicity may develop simply from breathing second-hand smoke. PMID- 7243705 TI - [Central respiratory disorders: physiopathology, diagnosis and clinical aspects]. PMID- 7243706 TI - [Roentgenographic determination of the lung volume (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243704 TI - Solitary thyroid nodule. 1. Clinical characteristics. AB - The approach to management of an isolated thyroid nodule requires some understanding of the natural history of thyroid cancer and other forms of nodular thyroid disease. The histologic classification of thyroid cancer is an important determinant of survival, as are the size of the primary tumor, presence of thyroid capsule invasion, and presence of distant metastases. Therapeutic radiation and radioactive fallout increase the risk that a thyroid nodule is malignant. Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules are usually benign follicular adenomas and may cause thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7243707 TI - [Indications for computerized tomography of the lungs and mediastinum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243708 TI - [Cytological diagnosis of peripheral lung tumours by combined evaluation of catheter and aspiration biopsies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243710 TI - [Lung biopsy in Goodpasture's syndrome and lung function tests for the control of the pulmonary symptoms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243709 TI - [Exercise tolerance of persons with chronic obstructive airways disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243711 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma of the chest wall: case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243712 TI - [Some advances in antibiotic treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243713 TI - [The destiny of atypical epithelium of portio uteri and of endometrium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243714 TI - [The management of injuries in top-level sportsmen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243715 TI - [Improvement of clinical symptoms and endoscopic features of reflux oesophagitis by polyvinyl-polypyrralidone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243716 TI - [Clinical-pathological conference. Polycythemia]. PMID- 7243717 TI - [Dermatological entomology. 24. Cheyletiellidae/fur mites]. PMID- 7243719 TI - [Ovarian carcinoma: epidemiology, natural history and preoperative staging (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243718 TI - [Histopathological diagnosis of ovarian carcinomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243720 TI - [Intensive surgical management and results of ovarian cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243721 TI - [New developments in the chemotherapy of ovarian cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243722 TI - [The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of ovarian carcinoma: indications, techniques, results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243725 TI - [Ocular perforations in windshield accidents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243724 TI - [1000 transaminases readings]. PMID- 7243726 TI - [Dermatological entomology. 25. Pyemotidae/predaceous mites]. PMID- 7243727 TI - [A psychosomatic attitude toward multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243728 TI - [Conservative therapy of peptic ulcer disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243729 TI - [Diagnosis of hymenoptera sting hypersensitivity. A comparison between case history, skin test results and specific IgE (RAST) with venon extracts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243730 TI - [Intussusception in adults -- an unusual condition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243723 TI - [Cooperation of family doctor and pediatric cardiologist in the management of children with congenital heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243731 TI - [Diagnostic features of so-called "chronic appendicitis" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243732 TI - [Tyroglyphoidea/stored food mites (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243733 TI - [The treatment of dyspeptic disturbances with ursodesoxycholic acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243735 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243734 TI - [Ovarian cancer: possibilities for progress in diagnosis and surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243737 TI - [Paramedical cancer remedies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243736 TI - [Cancer and the family (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243738 TI - [The goals of modern radiotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243739 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Curschmann-Steinert myotonic dystrophy]. PMID- 7243741 TI - [Schizophrenic-depressive-schizoaffective disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243740 TI - [Psychopharmacology for the practising physician (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243742 TI - [Pharmacological treatment of psychiatric emergencies in general practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243743 TI - [Treatment of depression with psychotropic drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243744 TI - Chemical evidence for the separation of G gamma and A gamma globin chains by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in urea and Triton X-100. AB - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in urea and Triton X-100 of a hemolysate from human fetal blood cells produces four major protein bands: alpha, beta, and 2 gamma globin chains. We have verified that the latter two are the G gamma and A gamma globin chains which have respectively glycine or alanine at position 136. After incorporation of either [3H] alanine or [3H] glycine into newly synthesized globin each gamma chain was isolated by preparative electrophoresis. The chains were cleaved with cyanogen bromide at methionines 55 and 133, then subjected to automated sequencing and the residues from each sequencer turn counted. Glycine incorporation was detected for the third turn (position 136) of the G gamma chain and alanine for the A gamma. Substantial metabolic conversion of [3H] glycine to serine and proline was also noted. PMID- 7243745 TI - [Intracellular ribonucleases from Penicillin brevicompactum and their natural inhibitors]. AB - The ability of the fungus Penicillium brevi-compactum for the synthesis of intracellular ribonucleases and their inhibitors was examined. Activities of ribonucleases and their inhibitors were found to vary with the culture growth. As a result of isopropanol precipitation of the cell-free homogenate, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, two fractions were obtained, they being inhibitor complexes with acid and alkaline intracellular ribonucleases. PMID- 7243746 TI - [Isolation and purification of alkaline ribonuclease from Bacillus intermedius]. AB - The paper describes a method for preparing extracellular alkaline ribonuclease from Bacillus intermedius (EC 3.1.4.23). The method consists of acid treatment of the culture fluid for selective inactivation of the interfering enzymes, concentration of the enzymic protein by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis against water, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose in the steady state, rechromatography on a phosphocellulose containing column, desalting and freeze-drying of the end product. Experimental samples of ribonuclease of 92% purity have been thus obtained. PMID- 7243747 TI - [Modified method for producing ribonuclease A from amorphous and crystalline ribonucleases]. AB - The paper describes a method for producing gram-scale quantities of beef pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) (EC 3.1.4.22) from commercial, amorphous and crystalline RNases. The method involves enzyme purification by chromatography on SP-Sephadex G-25, rechromatography on Bio-Rax 70 followed by concentration, storage and desalting in optimal conditions. In their properties the resultant preparations of RNase A are not inferior to the best commercial samples of the enzyme. PMID- 7243748 TI - [Immobilization of peroxidase from the culture filtrate of the basidial fungus Cerrena maxima Murr]. AB - Immobilization of peroxidase produced by the basidial fungus Cerrena maxima Murr on the alginate fiber was investigated. The mode of enzyme immobilization directly from the filtrate of the fungal culture fluid was established. Electrophoretic examination of peroxidase protein components and isoenzymes showed that immobilization of the fungal peroxidase on the alginate fiber was followed by sorption of primarily protein components responsible for the peroxidase activity. PMID- 7243749 TI - [Tuberculin sensitivity in various mental disorders]. PMID- 7243750 TI - [Organization of a medical service for adults with nonspecific lung diseases in the Ukrainian SSR with the participation of the antituberculosis centers]. PMID- 7243751 TI - [Lactate and malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in surgical interventions on the lungs]. PMID- 7243752 TI - [Intensive antibacterial therapy of postoperative reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7243755 TI - [Immunomorphological studies in phthisiosurgery]. PMID- 7243753 TI - [Lactate-tuberculin test in the evaluation of the activity and differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7243754 TI - [Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis as a form of disseminated lung disease]. PMID- 7243756 TI - [Experimental evaluation of immunological shifts after BCG vaccination and revaccination]. PMID- 7243757 TI - [Reparative processes during treatment of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis by maximum drug concentrations]. PMID- 7243758 TI - [Isoniazid levels in the blood, urine and kidney tissue of rabbits with cavernous tuberculosis of a solitary kidney]. PMID- 7243760 TI - [Surgical treatment of alcoholics with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7243759 TI - [Endometrial tuberculosis (morphological study)]. PMID- 7243761 TI - Pathophysiology and prevention of acute renal failure. PMID- 7243765 TI - Is there a dissociation of erythropoietic proliferation and serum erythropoietin levels in renal failure patients on longterm haemodialysis treatment. AB - The demonstration of a sustained erythropoietin (EP) -- haematocrit (HCT) feedback mechanism would underline the importance of EP as a stimulant agent for the erythropoietic proliferation (EPRO) in chronic uraemia. Hypertransfusion showed a significant suppression of EPRO without a concomitant suppression of the pretransfusional immunodetectable (id) serum EP levels. We conclude that idEP is not the major direct mediator of EPRO in short term regulatory mechanisms in the anaemia of uraemia. PMID- 7243762 TI - Can acute renal failure in humans be prevented? PMID- 7243763 TI - On the onset of acute tubular necrosis with a view towards prevention. PMID- 7243764 TI - Risk factors in chronic haemodialysis. AB - A survival analysis was performed in 1,453 patients treated by chronic haemodialysis and prospectively followed up in the computerised French Diaphane Dialysis Registry. Risk factors found for overall and cardiovascular mortality are age, male sex, high systolic of diastolic blood pressure, low body mass index and low predialysis values of cholesterol, triglycerides, haematocrit, urea, creatinine and potassium. These results confirm the importance of optimal blood pressure control. They indicate that the nutritional state may play a more vital role than certain cardio-vascular risk factors found in the general population. PMID- 7243766 TI - Portable system for simultaneous measurements of blood electrolytes. AB - Miniature, rugged Chemfet sensors have been developed by coating field-effect transistors with ion-sensitive membranes. These sensors have been combined with a flow injection analysis manifold to demonstrate feasibility of a small portable system capable of simultaneous determinations in 10 seconds of hydrogen, potassium and calcium ion activities in 20 microliters samples of whole blood, serum or dialysate. PMID- 7243767 TI - Cold carbon haemofiltration apparatus. AB - Four uraemic patients underwent haemofiltration (HF) for two months, three times a week, with an infusion of about 20L of electrolyte solution. For another two months, HF was performed with diafiltrate reinfusion after regeneration on cold carbon and ionic exchange resins. Carbon (26.8g) and resins (10g/kg b.w) were needed. The data obtained in HF and in closed-circuit HF periods were similar, but during the closed-circuit HF treatment there was better control of acid-base balance. PMID- 7243768 TI - Absence of transcellular fluid shift during haemofiltration. AB - Total body and extracellular fluid volume before and after haemofiltration were calculated using urea and inulin as markers. The change in plasma volume and interstitial fluid volume were also evaluated by haemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value. The extracellular fluid volume, especially interstitial fluid volume, was reduced, while intracellular fluid volume was not altered by haemofiltration. PMID- 7243769 TI - Response of the vascular system to different modifications of haemofiltration and haemodialysis. AB - In order to evaluate the reasons for the better tolerance of the cardiovascular system to body fluid removal in HF, different modifications of single-pass and recirculation HD as well as post-dilution HF were applied in 6 patients with stable chronic renal insufficiency under identical conditions of fluid removal, Curea and use of dialysers. A remarkable tolerance of the vascular system could be observed in HF as in HD when the Na+ concentration in the dialysis or diluting fluid was raised from 130 to 150mEq/L or when plasma osmotic pressure was stabilised by i.v. infusion of mannitol. The different buffers acetate and lactate did not influence the results specifically. Total peripheral resistance and plasma noradrenaline levels increased in HF but showed no changes in HD. Important factors causing the greater tolerance of the cardiovascular system in HF may be a more stable extracellular osmotic pressure, inducing a rapid refilling of the extracellular space, combined with an increasing total peripheral resistance. PMID- 7243770 TI - Differing haemodynamic stability due to differing sympathetic response: comparison of ultrafiltration, haemodialysis and haemofiltration. AB - In 12 RDT patients the volume removal related haemodynamic changes were correlated with concomitant changes in sympathetic activity during pure ultrafiltration (UF), post dilution haemofiltration (HF) and haemodialysis using either acetate (HDA) or bicarbonate (HDB) as buffer substitute. Total peripheral resistance (TPR) and plasma noradrenaline concentrations (PNA) increased during UF indicating a qualitatively adequate reaction of ESRD patients to volume removal. This physiological response is maintained during HF, resulting in intratreatment haemodynamic stability. In contrast no increase of PNA and insignificant changes of TPR were seen in HDA and HDB. As small molecule clearances were matched to those in HF, the behaviour of PNA indicates that not PNA removal but an impaired sympathetic response during HDA and HDB is responsible for the inadequate rise of TPR. PMID- 7243771 TI - Aluminium transfer in bicarbonate dialysis using a sorbent regenerative system: an in vitro study. AB - Because of the known presence of aluminium oxide in the Redy cartridge and the increased solubility of aluminium (A1) in alkaline solution, an in vitro study was performed to measure the release of A1 from the Redy cartridge and its potential transfer across a dialyser membrane. The use of bicarbonate rinsed Redy cartridges was associated with significant release of A1 and its subsequent transfer across the cellulose acetate membrane. Bicarbonate dialysis with the Redy system is not recommended for maintenance haemodialysis. PMID- 7243772 TI - Positive aluminium balance in patients on regular peritoneal treatment: an effect of low dialysate pH? AB - Aluminium concentration was determined in dialysates used for HD and for PD and in the serum of normal subjects and of uraemic patients on treatment with HD and with PD. The main finding of this study was that serum A1 levels are significantly higher in patients on PD than in patients on HD. We conclude that the use of dialysates with pH less than 5.5 could contribute to a positive balance of A1 during PD. PMID- 7243773 TI - Reversible microcytic hypochromic anaemia in dialysis patients due to aluminium intoxication. AB - Twelve patients being treated by intermittent haemodialysis developed a severe microcytic hypochromic anaemia despite adequate iron supplements. Serum ferritin concentration was normal or high. Seven patients later developed histologically proven fracturing osteomalacia and one a fatal encephalopathy. Plasma aluminium concentration was high in all twelve patients and the source was the water used to make up dialysis fluid. Following dialysis with aluminium free dialysis fluid, plasma concentrations of aluminium fell, red cell morphology returned to normal and haemoglobin rose. We believe that in addition to causing encephalopathy and osteomalacia, aluminium causes a microcytic hypochromic anaemia. This anaemia appears to be the first manifestation of aluminium intoxication and is reversed by removing the source of aluminium. PMID- 7243774 TI - The effect of chronic renal failure in rabbits on plasma lipids and the concentration of cholesterol, calcium and phosphate in the aortic wall. AB - The uptake of labelled cholesterol and the concentration of free and esterified cholesterol in the thoracic aorta were measured in rabbits with chronic renal failure (CRF), one group with both hypercholesterolaemia and 10 weeks of CRF, one with only CRF during three months and one with only CRF during eight months. In the first group no effect of CRF was found on the uptake or on the aortic concentrations of cholesterol. After three months of CRF the uptake of esterified cholesterol and the aortic concentration of cholesterol was higher than in controls. After eight months CRF the uptake of free and esterified cholesterol was higher than in controls as was the aortic concentration of cholesterol. Very much higher aortic concentrations of calcium, magnesium and phosphate were found in the CRF animals. In the serum the concentrations of calcium, phosphate and triglyceride were higher in the CRF animals. PMID- 7243775 TI - HDL cholesterol and intravenous fat tolerance in dialysis patients. AB - Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and HDL triglyceride concentrations were determined in 27 dialysis patients and the same number of control subjects. Fat tolerance tests were performed in all dialysis patients and repeated 15 minutes after 100U/kg of heparin given intravenously in haemodialysis patients. Dialysis patients had higher serum triglyceride, lower HDL cholesterol, higher HDL triglyceride concentration, and lower fractional clearance rates of Intralipid than the control subjects. PMID- 7243776 TI - The effect of heparin-free dialysis on abnormal lipid metabolism in patients on regular dialysis treatment. AB - To elucidate the contributory role of heparin to abnormal lipid metabolism in patients on regular haemodialysis (RDT), six week haemodialysis without heparin was performed using gabexate mesilate in combination with low dose aspirin. Total cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein were significantly increased at the fourth week after the start of the study. No significant changes were observed in high density lipoprotein cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride, lipoprotein phenotype and post heparin lipolytic activity. Routine dose heparin in RDT might have a favourable effect on abnormal lipid metabolism by inducing post heparin lipolytic activity in circulating blood, not by reducing the lipid removing activity in peripheral tissues. PMID- 7243777 TI - Improvement of post-heparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) after haemofiltration, in uraemic patients. AB - The decrease of serum PHLA in uraemic patients has been attributed to toxic effects of 'middle molecules' on lipoprotein lipase. Haemofiltration could improve PHLA by increasing 'middle molecule' clearance. Serum triglyceride concentration decreased and PHLA improved in three uraemic patients who received haemofiltration during three weeks as the initial treatment schedule. Activated PHLA of a healthy subject failed to be inhibited by uraemic sera and uraemic plasma ultrafiltrates obtained in vitro using polyacrylonitrile and cuprophane membranes. CONCLUSION: haemofiltration is able to improve PHLA and to restore normal serum triglyceride concentrations. The reported toxicity of uraemic serum may affect metabolic steps preceding the activation of the circulating lipolytic enzymes. PMID- 7243778 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis without wearing a bag: complete freedom of patient and significant reduction of peritonitis. AB - Despite the great impact of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) as an effective modality of treatment for uraemic patients, two limiting factors remain: the high incidence of peritonitis and the need for patients continuously to carry a bag. We have designed a new closed system with two bags connected to the permanent Tenckhoff catheter. Two clamps alternately allow outflow and inflow of peritoneal dialysate. When the exchange manoeuvre is finished the patient frees the whole system from the needle and discards it. Since December 1978, 24 patients have been treated with this technique. The results are similar to the Toronto series with a marked reduction in the incidence of peritonitis (22.5 pt/months). PMID- 7243779 TI - The adequacy of six litre daily continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7243780 TI - Metabolic effects of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Prospective studies concerning protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism were performed in 19 CAPD patients. After 2-4 months on CAPD the mean nitrogen balance was positive (3.14 +/- 1.98 g N/day) and was correlated with protein and energy intake as well as with the increase in body weight. Plasma free amino acid concentrations were normal, but the tyrosine/phenylalanine ratio was decreased compared with healthy subjects. In spite of the excessive glucose load, there was no further deterioration in glucose tolerance. Serum concentrations of TG and CHOL were increased due to a rise of VLDL-TG and VLDL-CHOL. PMID- 7243782 TI - Arterio-venous fistulas constructed with formalin-fixed human umbilical grafts. AB - Since July 1976 we have implanted 18 umbilical vein grafts as haemodialysis shunts. Our experience shows that the umbilical vein is suitable for all shunt localisations. The formalin-fixed umbilical vein graft can be considered for vascular replacement. These can be removed in any clinic, prepared and stored under sterile conditions. The formalin conservation procedure is simple, inexpensive and possible everywhere without elaborate technical equipment. PMID- 7243781 TI - Fungal peritonitis in patients undergoing chronic intermittent or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7243783 TI - Manufactured homologous vein graft for creation of arterio-venous fistula. PMID- 7243786 TI - Semicontinuous semiambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7243784 TI - Impairment of the mental status of patients on regular dialysis treatment. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the mental status of 42 patients on regular dialysis treatment (RDT) by using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS). Findings were correlated with serum aluminium levels, PTH levels, residual renal function (RRF) and duration of RDT. An impairment of neuropsychological performance related to the duration of RDT was found. However, a possible role of PTH and of absence of RRF could not be excluded. These observations suggest that standard haemodialysis strategies are not able to prevent pathological changes in the brain of uraemic patients. PMID- 7243785 TI - The influence of uraemic neuropathy on muscle: EMG, histoenzymatic and ultrastructural correlations. PMID- 7243788 TI - High precision automatic adjustment of ultrafiltration and reinjection flow rates during the haemofiltration procedure. PMID- 7243787 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and pulmonary function. AB - Ten end-stage renal disease patients treated by continuous peritoneal dialysis were investigated by means of spirography, compliance tests, body plethysmography, and blood oxygen analysis. The ventilatory function was compared with abdomen empty and abdomen filled with 2L of peritoneal dialysis solution. Only a mild ventilatory restriction occurred (vital capacity -3.5%, thoracic gas volume -7.9%) as well as a mild decrease of static absolute compliance (-8.8%) and of dynamic absolute compliance (-6.2%). There was no significant alteration of the specific compliance tests, or of the Tiffeneau test as a parameter of bronchial obstruction, and no reduction of blood oxygen. These results were obtained from probands without bronchopulmonary illnesses. But problems with CAPD and ventilatory function may arise in patients with diseases of the respiratory tract including fluid lung, or in patients with 'space problems' in the abdomen (polycystic renal disease). PMID- 7243789 TI - Urea and nitrogen metabolism in patients treated with haemofiltration. PMID- 7243790 TI - Cascade filtration for separating plasma proteins of different molecular weights. PMID- 7243791 TI - Membrane plasma separation: procedural recommendations. PMID- 7243792 TI - Handy type haemofiltration-plasma exchange apparatus. AB - A simple, compact and light weight design for a machine to perform plasma exchange or haemofiltration at a desired place is required. Based on these considerations, we have designed and fabricated a portable machine having a unique volume balancing mechanism and evaluated the in vitro and in vivo fluid balancing performances. We have obtained fully acceptable results during the evaluations and have performed clinical tests with favourable results. PMID- 7243794 TI - Drug treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia in chronic uraemic patients: preliminary report on D,L-carnitine and thiadenol. AB - Clofibrate (a very effective lipid-lowering drug) may cause serious muscular damage in uraemic patients, even if used at appropriately low dose. Some authors have reported that D,L-Carnitine and Thiadenol can reduce lipid levels in non uraemic subjects, without adverse effects. In our study D,L-Carnitine and Thiadenol were administered for 3 months to respectively 21 and 15 patients on chronic haemodialysis with hypertriglyceridaemia. With D,L-Carnitine 52% of patients showed lower plasma triglycerides (TG) (-40.6%, p less than 0.002); after Thiadenol 66.6% of patients showed reduced plasma TG concentration (-42.9%, p less than 0.001). No dietary changes were recorded during the study. No major side effects nor biochemical changes were observed. D,L-Carnitine and Thiadenol appear to be less effective, but also less dangerous than Clofibrate in chronic uraemic patients. PMID- 7243793 TI - Serum levels of PTH, Mg, Ca, inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatases in uraemic patients on differentiated Mg dialysis. AB - The serum levels of PTH, Mg, Ca, inorganic phosphate (Pi) and alkaline phosphatases (AlkPase) were determined in 22 uraemic patients on chronic haemodialysis with different Mg levels in th dialysate, in an attempt to clarify the pathogenesis of uraemic osteodystrophy. Baseline levels of all the considered parameters were obtained over a four month period whilst on standard Mg concentration in the dialysis solution (1.5 mEq/L). Patients were then divided into three groups: 10 patients were dialysed for six months with 0.5mEq/L of Mg, seven patients with 1.5mEq/L and five patients with 2.5mEq/L in the dialysate. At the end of the six months with differentiated Mg dialysis, the three groups had significantly different Mg serum levels, whereas no significant changes were observed in the PTH and Ca serum levels. All the patients on high-Mg dialysis showed a significant reduction of the Pi serum levels, whereas a significant increase of AlkPase was observed in the low-Mg dialysis group. The overall results obtained in the present study indicate a possible beneficial effect of low-Mg dialysis on the progression of uraemic osteodystrophy of patients on maintenance haemodialysis. PMID- 7243797 TI - Medical staffs' attitudes and patients' rehabilitation. PMID- 7243796 TI - Risks and benefits of bilateral nephrectomy: an analysis of 134 cases. AB - In a retrospective survey of 134 patients undergoing bilateral nephrectomy from 1969 to 1980 it was found that the commonest indications were hypertension (60%) and infection/reflux (22%). Operation in hypertensive dialysis patients was followed by a fall in blood pressure in 70% (SE 9%) at one and 3 months while normotensive patients having their kidneys out for other reasons had a 47% (SE 11%) incidence of hypertension at one month and 7 out of 10 were still hypertensive at 3 months. When operation was performed in transplanted patients, 7 of 10 hypertensives had a fall in pressure, one of 6 normotensive persons had an increase, an use of antihypertensive drugs fell from 13/16 to 4 of 16 patients. The mortality was 10.4% (SE 2.6%) overall, the mortality of operations which included an unplanned splenectomy was significantly higher. There were 34 other complications in 25 patients. Complications, but not deaths, were more frequent in operations performed in dialysis patients rather than at the same time as, or after, a transplant. Over 12 years the ratio of bilateral nephrectomy to renal transplant operations has fallen from 8% (1969-1971) to 18% (1978 to present). The decrease is partly due to a fall in the number of operations for hypertension in dialysis patients and may be related to the appearance of beta blocker and new vasodilator drugs. PMID- 7243795 TI - Reversal of rejection and subsidence of immunoglobulinuria by intensive plasmapheresis. PMID- 7243798 TI - The 'uncooperative' patient with ESRD, causes and treatment. PMID- 7243799 TI - Deterioration of renal function in non-dialytic uraemics caused by 1 alpha (OH)D3 which was not attributable to hypercalcaemia. AB - Ten patients with renal failure not on dialysis were subjected to our study to evaluate the effect of 1 alpha (OH)D3 on calcium metabolism and its influence on renal function. The results suggest the possibility that 1 alpha (OH)D3 might be effective in bone disease due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. On the other hand, 1 alpha (OH)D3 depressed creatinine clearance without any increase of Ca, Ca x P product or PRA. 1 alpha (OH)D3 is to be prescribed to patients not on dialysis only with careful attention to the dosage and the duration, and frequent observation of renal function is necessary. PMID- 7243801 TI - Platelet-aggregating immune complexes in idiopathic glomerulonephritis and SLE. AB - Immune complex-like material with a molecular weight of greater than 500,000 Daltons was detected in the majority of sera from patients with idiopathic glomerulonephritis, as well as in systemic lupus. In the Raji cell and Clq binding assays the glomerulonephritis sera gave, in general, negative results. Patients with membranous nephropathy, minimal change disease and Henoch-Schonlein purpura also gave positive results in the platelet test, in agreement with other tests not dependent upon complement fixation by the complexes. The amount of platelet-aggregating material detected in vitro correlated closely with in vivo depletion of intraplatelet amines, judged by serotonin concentrations; which suggests that this material may play a major role in platelet activation within the circulation. PMID- 7243802 TI - Effect of plasmapheresis (PP), corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide in essential mixed polyclonal cryoglobulinaemia associated with glomerulonephritis. AB - In two patients with type III essential cryoglobulinaemia with glomerulonephritis and neurological involvement, the effect of prednisone, plasmapheresis, the combination of both and subsequently the addition of cyclophosphamide was studied. Prednisone alone had no effect, plasmapheresis alone was only temporarily effective in one patient. The combination of prednisone and plasmapheresis was also only temporarily effective. Addition of cyclophosphamide resulted in complete clinical remission in both patients. PMID- 7243803 TI - Increase of IgG-bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes and hypo IgG-globulinaemia in minimal change glomerulonephritis and focal glomerulosclerosis. PMID- 7243800 TI - Haemolytic uraemic syndrome: report of a case and new pathogenetic concepts. AB - Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is a severe clinical condition characterised by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and renal impairment [1]. At histological examination hyaline microthrombi occluding terminal arterioles and capillaries are generally found. Other syndromes share major clinical and histological diagnostic criteria with HUS. In particular, there is no method at present which clearly differentiates HUS from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) [2]. We propose therefore the term thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) to discuss both syndromes. The pathogenesis of TMA is unclear and many forms of therapy have been attempted without definitive proof of efficacy. The recently reported [3] successful results with exchange transfusion and plasma infusion represented a consistent advance in the management of these diseases. The beneficial effect of these procedures was attributed to replacement of an unknown 'missing' factor in plasma. This finding generated recent observations possibly relevant in understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases. PMID- 7243805 TI - HLA antigens in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. AB - HLA antigens were examined in 146 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). These comprised 107 steroid-responsive cases, histologically characterised by minimal change glomerular lesions (MC), and 39 steroid-resistant patients with focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). In the MC groups, B8 was significantly increased as compared to controls (30% vs 18%, p less than 0.01), and this applied in particular to children with atopic features (38% B8 positive). In contrast to other reports, the frequency of B12 in steroid-responsive INS was not different from that of the control group. In FSGS, however, B12 was remarkably increased, especially in patients with a persistent or progressive nephrotic syndrome (45% vs 22%, p less than 0.025). These findings indicate that immunogenetic factors play a major role in INS, and that MC and FSGS are two different disease entities. PMID- 7243806 TI - Mycotic urinary tract infection in pyelonephritic patients. PMID- 7243804 TI - A new test for IgA containing immune complexes or aggregated IgA: its application to Berger and Schonlein-Henoch nephritis. PMID- 7243807 TI - Prevention of ischaemic acidosis: a new approach to acute renal failure. PMID- 7243808 TI - Steroid pulses and plasmapheresis in the treatment of acute renal failure in multiple myeloma. AB - Four patients with acute renal failure due to myeloma (IgG with lambda, lambda, lambda, IgG with kappa) were studied; serum creatinine was 4.7, 5.9, 4.25, 10.8 mg%, and proteinuria 2.1, 2.8, 5.2, 4.2g/24h respectively. Renal biopsy specimens (3 patients) showed interstitial fibrosis, oedema, infiltration of mononuclear cells, tubular atrophy or dilatation with many 'myeloma kidney' casts. The patients were treated with plasmapheresis (2-4 exchanges) and methylprednisolone pulses (three to four 1g pulses). Maintenance therapy included prednisone, vincristine, melphalan and cyclophosphamide. After a follow up of 26, 17, 8, 6 months respectively, serum creatinine levels are 1.7, 2.4, 1.8, 4.2mg% respectively. Proteinuria disappeared after three months of therapy in 3 patients, and then remained absent for the successive follow up. PMID- 7243809 TI - Ammonia and amino acid metabolism y the portal-vein-drained viscera in chronic renal insufficiency. AB - Arterial portal-venous differences (A-PV) of ammonia (NH3) and amino acids (AA) were measured in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and in controls. In CRI, NH3 release by the portal-vein-drained viscera (PDV) is not different from controls, Gln uptake decreases, Glu extraction occurs, Pro and Thr output increases and Ser release becomes evident; one third of N released as NH3 and AA can be accounted for by Gln and Glu uptake. The N exchange across the PDV is similar in CRI and in controls. PMID- 7243810 TI - alpha-Ketoglutarate versus ketoacids as dietetic substitutes in chronic renal insufficiency. PMID- 7243811 TI - Haemodynamic and metabolic responses to physical training in chronic renal failure. PMID- 7243812 TI - Echocardiographic detection of cardiac involvement in uraemia. PMID- 7243813 TI - A neurophysiological bedside technique for monitoring uraemic brain dysfunction. PMID- 7243814 TI - Damage to testicular function in chronic renal failure of children. AB - The functional endocrine reserve of testes was studied in 58 boys before and during puberty at different stages of chronic renal failure. Plasma testosterone (T) and dihydro- T were measured before and seven days after stimulation with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The T response to HCG often appeared to be already subnormal in renal failure before puberty had started. A negative correlation was observed in prepubertal boys between serum creatinine and stimulated T levels before the start of dialysis. During puberty the response to HCG was lower in boys on conservative treatment and on haemodialysis than after transplantation. PMID- 7243815 TI - Oxalosis in chronic renal failure. AB - The incidence and severity of oxalate deposition as a complication of chronic renal failure in a retrospective study of 73 patients is presented. The reason for this study was the occurrence of a syndrome characterised by multiple shunt complications, muscle weakness and peripheral ulceration in three haemodialysis patients. This syndrome seems to be caused by an obliterative vasculitis due to oxalate deposition in the media of peripheral vessels (Figure 1). PMID- 7243816 TI - Mammalian genetics and cancer. The Jackson Laboratory Fiftieth Anniversary Symposium. PMID- 7243817 TI - Experimental manipulation of the mammalian embryo: biological and genetic consequences. PMID- 7243818 TI - Inherited obesity-diabetes syndromes in the mouse. AB - Several different single-gene mutations are known to cause varying degrees of diabetes and obesity in mice. The severity of the diabetes produced depends on both the mutation itself and the interaction of the mutant gene with the inbred background. Establishing the nature of these gene-background interactions should aid us in our understanding of similar interactions that occur in human diabetes. The documentation of several different genes that produce similar, if not identical, diabetes-obesity syndromes suggests that lesions in many pathways can cause diabetes. An understanding of these defects in mice should help us to understand similar defects involved in the human disease. The developmental stages in each mutant are similar. The early symptoms include hyperphagia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. Hyperglycemia, obesity, and severe diabetes are secondary features that result from insulin resistance and the failure to sustain the secretion of massive amounts of insulin. All models appear to be able to utilize their food in a more efficient manner than normal. Even when restricted to 50% of that amount of food eaten by a normal mouse, mutants are able to maintain their weight and still remain obese. On fasting, the stored fat is utilized more efficiently. One cause of this efficiency in obese and diabetes mice is the ability to convert acetone (the end product of fatty-acid metabolism) to lactate which, in turn, can be converted to glucose, which can sustain continued lipolysis. The occurrence of increased efficiency in obesity and diabetes mutants lends credence to the thrifty-genotype hypothesis regarding the maintenance of the deleterious diabetes genes in human populations. PMID- 7243819 TI - Development and utilization of inbred strains of mice for cancer research. PMID- 7243820 TI - A century of mammalian genetics and cancer: where are we at midpassage? PMID- 7243821 TI - Experimental chimaeras and the study of differentiation. PMID- 7243822 TI - Lack of difference in blood acetaldehyde of alcoholics and controls after ethanol ingestion. AB - Ethanol and acetaldehyde (AcH) metabolism were studied in male Caucasian alcoholic subjects and matched controls following 1 g/kg ethanol, which was administered after a 10 day, ethanol-free period. The rate of ethanol elimination was higher (p greater than 0.05) in the alcoholics (0.120 g/kg/hr) than in controls (0.108 g/kg/hr). Blood AcH concentrations were measured in either the supernatants of whole blood deproteinized with perchloric acid (PCA) or from the supernatants of PCA-treated plasma obtained from blood added to isotonic semicarbazide. There was no differences between the alcoholic and control subjects for AcH in blood dripped directly into the PCA. The blood AcH concentrations decreased from 22 microM (controls) and 23 microM (alcoholics) to 7 microM (controls) and 3 microM (alcoholics) at 1 and 7 hours after the start of drinking, respectively. No significant AcH was found in blood first taken into heparinized tubes before deproteinization with PCA, after correction for artifactual AcH formation was made. As well, no significant AcH was measured by the semicarbazide method after correction for artifactual AcH. These results suggest that elevated blood AcH levels after ethanol ingestion cannot be taken as a general marker of alcoholism. PMID- 7243824 TI - Elevated blood acetaldehyde in alcoholics with accelerated ethanol elimination. AB - Alcoholics and controls given ethanol (1.2 g/kg body weight) were analyzed for blood and breath acetaldehyde using the more sensitive and reliable semicarbazide method. The acetaldehyde levels in controls were almost undetectable (less than 2 microM), but were found to be elevated (10--10 microM) in 6 of 8 alcoholics. Breath acetaldehyde and blood acetaldehyde co-fluctuated during the experiments. Fructose infusion transiently increased blood acetaldehyde, but only in 4 of the alcoholics. The apparent discrepancy between our finding and the simultaneously reported low acetaldehyde level in alcoholics (Eriksson and Peachy, this volume) may be explained by the different status of the alcoholics tested. Our alcoholics were tested on the day after hospital admission and eliminated ethanol 5% faster than controls. It is suggested that elevated blood acetaldehyde occurs regularly after interrupted drinking in heavy alcohol abusers with fast ethanol elimination, possibly combined with reduced liver aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, but that the phenomenon may rapidly disappear upon abstinence and hospital treatment, which reduces disturbances in hepatic functions and the ethanol elimination rate. PMID- 7243823 TI - Plasma glutamate dehydrogenase: a marker of alcoholic liver injury. PMID- 7243826 TI - Phospholipid methylation and the transmission of biological signals through membranes. AB - Enzymatic methylation of phosphotidylethanolamine (PE) to form phosphatidylcholine (PC) is associated with translocation of the lipid from the inner cell membrane (PE) to the outer membrane (PC), a concomitant decrease in membrane viscosity, and in some cases, activation of phospholipase A and release of arachidonic acid. Changes in phospholipid methylation are induced by a variety of ligands upon interaction with their specific receptors. In each case stimulation of phospholipid methylation appears to contribute to the propagation of the particular physiological response (e.g., activation of adenylate cyclase in rat reticulocytes; release of histamine by mast cells; chemotactic movement of neutrophils; mitogenesis of lymphocytes). Thus, receptor-mediated changes in phospholipid methylation and membrane fluidity may represent a general mechanism leading to a specific cellular response. PMID- 7243825 TI - Decreased ethanol consumption as a function of pregnancy and lactation in C57BL mice. AB - The effects of pregnancy and lactation on alcohol consumption were examined in the C57BL mouse. Pregnant mice were given a two-bottle choice between water and 10% w/v alcohol solution from Day 5 of pregnancy, through two weeks of lactation, and an additional four weeks following the removal of nursing pups. Alcohol consumption was expressed in terms of g absolute ethanol per kg body weight and as an alcohol preference ratio (ml alcohol/ml total fluid). Alcohol consumption (g ethanol per kg body weight) fell below control values during pregnancy and lactation but increased to control levels during postlactation. Similarly, alcohol preference ratio was found to decline during pregnancy, and to further decrease during lactation, a trend that was reversed during postlactation. The results support the findings of decreased alcohol consumption during pregnancy in alcoholic as well as nonalcoholic women. PMID- 7243827 TI - Changes in the rhesus monkey's EEG responses to ethanol during chronic exposure. AB - This study was designated to document the changes in the CNS response to ethanol during chronic exposure in 5 male, 3.5--5.0 kg rhesus monkeys. Electrodes were implanted bilaterally into the amygdala, hippocampus and the calvarium over the frontal and temporal cortex. Ethanol or control solutions were administered intragastrically through indwelling cannulae. The 1.25 g/kg ethanol challenge dose was administered during EEG recordings. After one challenge dose, the animals received 60 days of chronic alcohol exposure (3.0 g/kg/day increasing to 8.0 g/kg/day). EEG was recorded every 10 days and analyzed by period analysis. Changes in the effect of the challenge dose were assessed by determining the percentage change of the EEG from pre-dose levels to selected times post-dose throughout the chronic alcohol exposure. The EEG response changed significantly during chronic alcohol treatment. Although each structure exhibited a slightly different pattern of change, the overall change was a shift from an excitatory response in the non-tolerant animal to an EEG slowing during chronic exposure. We suggest that such a change may be useful as a diagnostic marker for alcohol tolerance. In addition, the differential nature of the in vivo expression of alcohol tolerance in each brain area suggests that such analysis may provide a valuable tool for understanding the mechanism and expression of alcohol tolerance in the CNS. PMID- 7243828 TI - Auditory brainstem response study of alcoholic patients. AB - Auditory brainstem responses were obtained from 52 alcoholic patients with or without neurological complications of alcoholism. Almost half of the patients had abnormal auditory brainstem responses manifested by a prolonged central conduction time (Wave I to V interval) without significant alterations in morphology. The incidence of abnormal auditory responses was related to the type and the number of neurological complications. Patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, dementia or cerebellar degeneration had high incidence of brainstem abnormalities. All patients with 3 or more neurological complications had abnormal auditory brainstem responses. PMID- 7243830 TI - Effects of peptides related to neurohypophyseal hormones on ethanol tolerance. AB - Mice were rendered tolerant to the hypothermic effect of ethanol by forcing them to inhale ethanol vapor for 3 days. One day after withdrawal, tolerance was assessed by determining the response of the mice to an acute 3 g/kg IP challenge dose of ethanol. Thirty minutes before the injection of ethanol, saline or peptide solution was SC injected. The peptides studied were des-Gly9-Arg8 vasopressin (a peptide with reduced peripheral endocrine activities), oxytocin, and analogs and fragments of these peptides. None of the peptides, with the possible exception of oxytocin, affected body temperature in naive animals or the acute hypothermic response to ethanol in non-tolerant mice. Des-Gly9-Arg8 vasopressin enhanced the expression of tolerance to ethanol hypothermia; shorter fragments of vasopressin did not share this effect. Oxytocin attenuated the expression of tolerance but this may been due to an interaction with the acute effects of ethanol. PMID- 7243829 TI - Neurohypophyseal peptide influences on ethanol tolerance and acute effects of ethanol. AB - The neurohypophyseal hormone, arginine vasopressin (AVP), was previously shown to prolong the duration of ethanol tolerance in mice. Since drug tolerance and certain memory-related processes are examples of CNS adaptation, these phenomena have been proposed to share underlying mechanisms. We investigated the effects on ethanol tolerance of two other neurohypophyseal peptides, both of which modulate memory consolidation or retrieval of information. (Des-9-glycinamide, 8-lysine) vasopressin (DGLVP), like AVP, maintained ethanol tolerance in C57Bl mice, while cyclo(Leu-Gly) (cLG), at an equimolar dose, was ineffective. Thus, various neurohypophyseal peptides may differentially influence CNS adaptive phenomena. Direct peptide effects on ethanol-induced hypothermia and "sleep time," the parameters used to evaluate ethanol tolerance, were also determined. AVP per se caused hypothermia in mice, but neither AVP nor cLG affected ethanol-induced hypothermia. Both peptides, however, increased "sleep time" after acute ethanol administration. Although these direct peptide-ethanol interactions do not account for the observed peptide effects on tolerance, the findings emphasize the importance of using several parameters to assess ethanol tolerance. PMID- 7243832 TI - Effects of ethanol on protein synthesis and secretion. AB - Liver protein synthesis involves a complex series of reactions which is influenced by hormones, nutritional state and general health of an animal. The secretory processes for proteins, such as albumin, also interact with the protein synthetic machinery of the liver. Alcohol may affect synthesis and/or secretion at a number of loci and the mechanism of alcohol's action could depend on the immediate state of the experimental tissue. Ethanol was shown to interfere with albumin synthesis and the effect was shown to differ when livers from fed and fasted animals were compared. The ethanol effects were also dependent on the metabolism of ethanol rather than on the simple presence of this drug. Acetaldehyde decreased albumin synthesis but in a manner which was distinct from the ethanol effect. Acute ethanol administration under the conditions used in our studies had little effect on secretion of prelabeled proteins from hepatocytes. The implications of studies of the effects of ethanol on liver protein synthesis and secretion are discussed. PMID- 7243833 TI - Ethanol-induced changes in the intralobular oxygen gradient of perfused rat liver. AB - A new tissue fluorometric method was developed to estimate the intralobular oxygen gradient in hemoglobin-free perfused rat liver. The method employs a two branch micro-light guide with a tip diameter of 170 mu. With this light guide, it was possible to measure pyridine nucleotide fluorescence (366 nm leads to 450 nm) from periportal and pericentral regions of the liver lobule. By measuring inflow PO2 values at which pyridine nucleotide fluorescence increased in the pericentral regions of the liver lobule, the mean intralobular oxygen gradient was estimated. The measured gradient was approximately 180 torr in livers from sucrose-treated control rats. Chronic treatment with ethanol increased both the mean intralobular oxygen gradient and the rate of hepatic oxygen uptake by 30%. The antithyroid drug, 6-propyl-2-thiouracil, completely reversed the effects of ethanol on both the intralobular oxygen gradient and the rate of oxygen uptake. These data present direct physical evidence that the increased tissue respiration induced by chronic ethanol treatment indeed accentuates the intralobular oxygen gradient and thus support the hypothesis that selective depletion of oxygen in the pericentral region of the liver lobule may underlie ethanol-induced cellular injury confined to this site. PMID- 7243834 TI - Control of adenine nucleotide translocation in liver mitochondria from ethanol fed rats. AB - Male rats developed fatty liver after being fed an ethanol-containing diet for 31 days. Liver mitochondria from these animals (ethanol mitochondria) catalyzed ATP synthesis at a slower rate than did mitochondria from pair-fed control rats (control mitochondria). Furthermore, ATP translocation was decreased in ethanol mitochondria and parameters influencing such were investigated. Several experiments indicated that ADP uptake into ethanol mitochondria is not decreased due to inhibition of the adenine nucleotide translocase by either long chain acyl CoA derivatives or unesterified fatty acids. Analyses of endogenous adenine nucleotides in ethanol mitochondria revealed lower ATP concentrations, but no decrease in total adenine nucleotides. In experiments where endogenous ATP was shifted to higher concentrations by incubation with BSA, the rate of ADP translocation was increased, with a linear correlation being observed between endogenous ATP concentrations and the rate of ADP translocation. The depressed ATP concentration in ethanol mitochondria suggests that the ATP synthetase complex is replenishing endogenous ATP at a slower rate. A decrease in the rate of ATP synthesis in ethanol mitochondria is sufficient to explain the decreased ADP translocation. PMID- 7243831 TI - Evidence against a biphasic effect of acetaldehyde on voluntary ethanol consumption in rats. AB - A group of 27 male Long-Evans rats was given a 2 week period of free-choice ethanol and consumed 1.26 +/- 1.27 g/kg/day (mean +/- SD). The animals were then divided into 3 groups. One group received the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, cyanamide, in their diet and an oral ethanol dose of 2 g/kg for 5 days. Another group received only the oral ethanol dose and the third, control, group received no treatment during these days. After the forced cyanamide and/or forced ethanol treatment, all of the rats were returned to the choice situation. Voluntary ethanol consumption was then followed for 2 months, during which time the control rats steadily increased their ethanol intake to 3.6 +/- 2.1 g/kg/day (mean +/- SD of last week's consumption). The cyanamide treatment caused a transient (3--4 day) decrease in the ethanol intake, after which the consumption increased to 3.7 +/- 2.9 g/kg/day. Consumption by the forced ethanol group (5.4 +/- 2.0 g/kg/day) was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) than that by the other rats. The present results do not favor a physiological role for acetaldehyde-induced formation of alkaloids in increasing voluntary ethanol consumption, but do support the notion of an acetaldehyde-mediated aversive effect on ethanol drinking. PMID- 7243835 TI - Implantation of disulfiram in rats. AB - The biochemical and pharmacological effects of disulfiram implantation were studied in rats. Sterile disulfiram pellets (1000 mg/kg) were implanted subcutaneously. Groups of 5 rats were killed after 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. The release of disulfiram during the first week corresponded to a daily dose of 12- 16 mg/kg and during the following period to 5--8 mg/kg. The activity of the low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase in liver and brain, the carboxylesterase activity in liver and the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in heart were significantly decreased by approximately 45, 35, 20 and 35% respectively at all periods tested. The rate of ethanol elimination, the activity of monoamine oxidase in the brain, and the content of cytochrome P-450 in the liver were unaffected. The level of norepinephrine in the brain was slightly decreased after 14 days. The acetaldehyde level in blood after ethanol injection (1.0 g/kg) was 55--60 microM in the disulfiram group and 25--30 microM in the control group. Ethanol administration caused a slightly decreased blood pressure and increased respiratory rate 14 days after implantation but not after 28 days. PMID- 7243836 TI - HLA antigens as immunogenetic markers of alcoholism and alcoholic liver disease. AB - HLA antigens were studied among 94 chronic alcoholics. Concerning A and B-loci, there was no significant change of phenotype frequency (PF) in the HLA typing between the patients and controls (80 healthy subjects). However, there was a significant difference in the PF of CW3 between chronic alcoholics and controls (58.5% in alcoholics vs 30.0% in controls). The corrected p value was less than 0.05 with relative risk value being 3.29 HLA-DR loci were also detected in 26 patients, but there was no significant difference between the patients and controls. All alcoholics were subdivided according to the hepatic morphology, and the PF of HLA was examined. A significant high frequency of HLA CW3 was found in patients with hepatitis (64%) compared to controls (30%). There was also an increased PF of CW3 in the liver cirrhosis group (59% in cirrhosis group vs 30% in controls). In conclusion, chronic alcoholics have a significantly higher PF of HLA-CW3 as compared to controls. This characteristic feature becomes even more distinct in alcoholics with severe hepatic lesions. PMID- 7243837 TI - Biological markers: metabolism and acute reactions to alcohol in sons of alcoholics. PMID- 7243839 TI - Differential effects of intrahippocampally or systemically applied picrotoxin on memory consolidation in rats. PMID- 7243841 TI - The antinociceptive effect of vaginal stimulation in the rat is reduced by naloxone. AB - Mechanical stimulation of the vagina produces a powerful antinociceptive effect against a variety of noxious stimuli. In rats tested in either the radiant heat tail flick or the warm water tail immersion test the antinociceptive effect of vaginal stimulation was found to be significantly reduced, but not abolished, following the administration of 10 mg/kg of naloxone. These results are in contrast to those of an earlier study in which naloxone was ineffective against the antinociceptive action of vaginal stimulation in a tailshock vocalization paradigm. It therefore appears that the nature of the noxious stimulus used may influence the type of antinociceptive mechanism triggered by vaginal stimulation. PMID- 7243838 TI - Central 5-hydroxytryptamine and the effects of hallucinogens and phenobarbital on operant responding in rats. AB - The present study was designed to examine the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons in the behavioral effects of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), an indolealkylamine hallucinogen, 2.5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) and mescaline, phenethylamine hallucinogens, and phenobarbital, a non-hallucinogen. Male rats, maintained at 70-80% of their free-feeding weights, were trained to press a lever for food pellet reinforcement on a fixed ratio-40 operant schedule. When trained, these rats responded at a constant, rapid rate (approximately 100 responses/min) during daily 40 min test sessions. Administration of hallucinogens caused an abrupt cessation of responding (a "pause"), for some portion of the session. The duration of this pause was dose-dependent for LSD (12.5-100 micrograms/kg), DOM (0.125-1.0 mg/kg) and mescaline (7.1-14.2 mg/kg). On the other hand, phenobarbital (12.5-50 mg/kg) did not cause pausing, but resulted in slowed, erratic intrasession response rates. When the same tests were repeated in rats that had previously received an intracerebroventricular injection of 5,7 dihydroxyptamine (5,7-DHT) the dose-response curves for the pausing induced by all three hallucinogens were shifted to the left, while the behavioral disruption produced by phenobarbital was unaltered. In these animals the 5-HT but not the norepinephrine concentrations was markedly reduced in all brain regions examined. These results suggest that 5-HT neurons are involved with the behavioral effects of hallucinogens but not of phenobarbital. PMID- 7243840 TI - The effect of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 2,5-dimethoxy-4 methylamphetamine (DOM), pentobarbital and methaqualone on punished responding in control and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine-treated rats. AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of central 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neuronal systems in the effects of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 2,5-methoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), pentobarbital (PB) and methaqualone (MQ) on punished responding in rats. Water-deprived rats were trained to drink from a tube that was electrified at intervals (variable interval 21 sec; 0.03 mA current intensity), electrification being signalled by a tone. In daily 10-min control sessions, these animals accepted a relatively constant number of shocks; water consumption was also quite stable. At maximally effective doses PB, and to a lesser extent MQ, produced large (400-600 percent of control) increases in punished responding with little decrease in water intake. Higher doses of these agents produced a significant depression of unpunished responding (water intake). The hallucinogens, on the other hand, produced only moderate (125 175 percent of control) increases in the number of shock received, yet a similar depression of unpunished responding. Selective destruction of 5-HT neurons by intracerebroventricular administration of the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine per se produced little change in the number of shocks received or water consumed in controls sessions. This destruction of 5-HT neurons failed to alter the effects of PB or MQ on punished or unpunished responding. The increase in punished responding produced by the hallucinogens, however, was blocked by this destruction of 5-HT neurons. Furthermore, the capacity of the hallucinogens to decrease water intake was significantly potentiated by the neurotoxin pretreatment. These data demonstrate that the effects of the hallucinogens LSD and DOM on conditioned suppression are quite different from those of PB and MQ, and that this difference may be due to the extent of 5-HT involvement in the effects of these agents. PMID- 7243842 TI - Behavioral alterations induced by formaldehyde-derived tetrahydroisoquinolines. AB - Rats administered intracerebroventricular (IVT) injections of 3-Carboxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydroisoquinoline (I) or 6,7-Dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (II), the condensation products of formaldehyde with phenylalanine and dopamine, respectively, were evaluated in the open field and shuttle box situation. In the open field, 45 min after the acute administration of I, several repetitive purposeless responses and other manifestations such as teeth chattering, wet dog shakes and stiffness of the tail were observed; however, no quantitative effects were detected in the behavioral parameters recorded. Further studies were performed utilizing the shuttle box situation with drugs I and II. They produced an increase in the number of escapes and latency of shocks when measured 45 min after IVT administration (10 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml, respectively; 20 microliters). Our data suggest that the studied compounds induce qualitative alterations as well as changes in shuttle avoidance behavior in the rat when measured 45 min after administered. The effects were found to be dose and time dependent, being reversible when measured 24 and 48 hours after administration of the drugs. The present results open the possibility that the in vivo formation of tetrahydroisoquinolines could be involved in some mental pathologies, such as schizophrenia, as has been previously suggested. PMID- 7243843 TI - Long-term thermoregulatory changes following perinatal methadone exposure in rats. AB - Offspring of female rats injected daily with methadone (5 mg/kg, IP) or saline were cross-fostered at birth to form drug groups exposed during gestation (G), lactation (L), or both gestation and lactation (G-L); controls were exposed only to saline. Rectal temperatures were taken on postnatal Days 20, 43, 57 and 75, and at 3-day intervals from Days 128-140 and 157-169. Ambient temperature was 21 degrees C except from Days 131-134 (10 degrees C) and 160-163 (33 degrees C). Methadone-exposed rats tended to have lower rectal temperatures than controls at 21 degrees C; this was significant on Day 57 and 160 for Group G, on Days 43 and 160 for Group L, and on Days 43, 57, 128, 160 and 166 for Group G-L. Relative to controls, Groups G and G-L became hypothermic during cold stress and hyperthermic during heat stress. Thermal deviations were unrelated to changes in food intake and body weight. These results indicate that perinatal methadone exposure in rats produces thermoregulatory changes that persist into adulthood. PMID- 7243844 TI - Tolerance to anorectic drugs: pharmacological or artifactual. PMID- 7243845 TI - Cross tolerance between morphine and the long-term analgesic reaction to inescapable shock. AB - Animals exposed to a variety of stressors display a temporary analgesic reaction. This short-term analgesia has been shown to be reversible by opiate antagonists and cross-tolerant with morphine following some stress conditions, but not following others. It has recently been shown that inescapable shock parameters which produce behavioral '"learned helplessness" effects also produce a short term analgesic reaction, and that this reaction can be re-aroused by a brief exposure to shock 24 hours later. Further, both the immediate and long-term antinociceptive reaction which follow shocks of this type have been shown to be reversible by opiate antagonists. Here it is shown that the long-term analgesic reaction is completely cross tolerant with morphine. Implications of these results for opioid mediation of learned helplessness and opioid versus nonopioid mediation of stress-induced analgesia are discussed. PMID- 7243846 TI - The mechanism of the lipolytic action of theophylline in fat cells. AB - The lipolytic action of theophylline was examined using both intact fat cells and a fat globule system. Theophylline had similar lipolytic actions in both systems. However theophylline did not activate hormone-sensitive lipase in the fat globule system as measured with added Ediol. Pretreatment of the fat globules with phospholipase C suppressed theophylline-induced lipolysis, but phospholipase D had no effect. A theophylline-sensitive system was reconstituted from endogenous fat and a lipase fraction. Inhibitors of theophylline-induced lipolysis such as quinine and propranolol inhibited theophylline binding to artificial lipid micelles. Purine nucleosides such as adenosine, inosine and guanosine inhibited theophylline-induced lipolysis in the fat globule system. These results suggest that theophylline has a lipolytic action similar to that of adrenaline. Both share a lipolytic mechanism additional to that involving the activation of hormone sensitive lipase through the cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase. Phospholipids play an important role in this additional mechanism. PMID- 7243847 TI - Dispensability of spinal monoaminergic systems in mediating the lordosis reflex of the female rat. PMID- 7243850 TI - The psychopharmacology of aggression and social behavior. Symposium of the International Society for Research on Aggression. July 12, 1980, Groningen, The Netherlands. PMID- 7243849 TI - Different effects of apomorphine on locomotor activity in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. PMID- 7243851 TI - Psychopathology induced by "speed drugs". AB - The CNS stimulants produce profound psychopathological conditions in animals and man. The mental and motoric changes in humans make it relevant to retain the amphetamine and cocaine psychoses as possible models for endogenous psychoses, such as certain forms of the schizophrenias and manic-depressive disorders. The following behavioral aberrations in humans were found: (1) motor stereotypies with bizarre movements; repetitive, aimless activities; ("pottering"= "knick knacking"= "punding") with various objects, including own body; repetition of single words, phrases or musical expressions; stereotyped drawing and writing (phenomena which are examples of mental stereotypy); (2) social stereotypies: prolonged sexual intercourse without ejaculation; collective monologues; (3) social withdrawal: "autism", social isolation with no or inappropriate responses to social stimuli; (4) paranoia; (5) hallucinations and illusions: auditory, visual, tactile (microhallucinations). Parallels to the overt behaviors have consistently been found in lower and higher animal species. Comparative data from experiments with rats and monkeys are presented. The findings have some important implications: drug addiction, basic understanding of social behavior and mental functions, screening and use of neuroleptic drugs, and side effects on social contact and behavior by the therapeutic use of CNS stimulants. PMID- 7243848 TI - The effects cocaine free extracts of the coca leaf on food consumption and locomotor activity. PMID- 7243853 TI - Evidence for dopamine mediation of submissive gestures in the stumptail macaque monkey. AB - Evidence gathered from several experiments where stimulant drugs were given to selected members of adult Stumptail macaque social colonies is presented which suggests that dopamine systems play an important part in the mediation of submissive behavior in this species. Chronic administration of d-amphetamine, 3.2 mg/kg/day, for 12 days, induced a significant increase in submissive gestures displayed by some treated monkeys despite the lack of a significant concurrent increase in aggressive gestures directed toward these animals. This behavioral change was antagonized by haloperidol and pimozide, two agents with preferential dopamine receptor blocking properties. The dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine induced a large dose-dependent increase in submissive gestures displayed by treated monkeys. Repeated administration of apomorphine, 1.0 mg/kg/day, for 12 days, induced a significant increase in submissive gestures comparable to amphetamine in monkeys who had previously received chronic d-amphetamine treatment. In addition, it appears that the significant increase in submissive gestures by monkeys treated with the hallucinogen 5-methoxy N,N dimethyltryptamine is also mediated through dopamine systems since the preferential dopamine receptor blockers haloperidol and trifluoperazine antagonized this response while the serotonin antagonists cinanserin, methysergide, metergoline, and cyproheptadine all failed to antagonize or even potentiate this behavioral change. These results have important implications in the study of animal behavior and may have relevance to drug-induced and endogenous psychopathologies in humans as well. PMID- 7243852 TI - Pharmaco-ethological analysis of social behaviour of isolated mice. AB - The ethological profile of some neuropharmacological substances affecting catecholamines, serotonin and GABA was investigated in isolated mice. Changes in brain noradrenergic, dopaminergic or serotonergic systems, in addition to a block of the inhibitory GABA system, caused "irrepressible" aggression and a lack of sociability in isolated mice. GABA analogues (phenibut, phenylpyrrolidon) and GABA agonists reduce aggression and increase intraspecies sociability; small doses of GABA antagonists (picrotoxin, bicuculline) exert the opposite effect. GABA may play a key part in the control of aggression and sociability in isolated animals. Selective activation of intraspecies sociability with a concurrent reduction of species-specific aggression requires complex pharmacological action. PMID- 7243854 TI - The 70-minute hour: health administration in the nation's capital. PMID- 7243855 TI - Complex and difficult questions: a tale of two medical cultures -- U.S. and U.S.S.R. PMID- 7243858 TI - Electrical properties of lens material at microwave frequencies. AB - Values of the complex permittivity of human and rabbit lens material in the frequency range 100--6000 MHz are reported. The data were obtained by using an on line computer-based time-domain spectrometer. The lenses were divided into an outer (cortical) zone and an inner (nuclear) zone and the dielectric properties of each zone were measured separately for both species of lens. The results are analysed in terms of the aqueous and protein constituents, assuming a molecular model whereby the hydrated protein molecule is represented by a spherical particle embedded in an aqueous continuum. It is shown that for lens material taken from the nuclear zone the particle can be separated into protein and bound water (water of hydration). For the cortical zone the amount of water of hydration is smaller and, within the limitations of the model and uncertainties due to experimental error, cannot be distinguished from zero. PMID- 7243859 TI - Methods for evaluation of diagnostic imaging instrumentation. AB - The Rose model of signal-to-noise ratios in images has been applied to diagnostic imaging instrumentation, extending it by taking into account effects due to finite spatial resolution, background effects and texture. The model leads to an understanding of the impact of the physics of the total system (object and instrument) on output contrast and signal-to-noise ratios. Principally, it leads to an understanding of the fact that nuclear images are not (by and large) statistics limited. The model can also be used to compare different imaging techniques. To the extent that the signal-to-noise ratio is a necessary but not sufficient estimator of the detectability of a lesion, the model does not provide a complete description of the imaging characteristics of an instrument. PMID- 7243861 TI - The partition coefficients of 133Xe between human blood and bone. AB - The partition coefficients of 133Xe between blood and haematopoietic bone marrow and homogenised bone have been determined in vitro. The partition coefficient lambda 1 corresponding to haematopoietic marrow was 0.95 ml g-1 while that corresponding to homogenised bone was a function of age, lambda 2 = 3.11 + 0.049(age)(ml g-1). These data can be used for calculating regional blood flow in healthy human femur by means of a simple 133Xe radionuclide method. PMID- 7243860 TI - The influence of penetrating radiation on collimator performance. AB - Geometric and penetration responses of a multihole focusing collimator to a point source have been determined using a digital computer and a ray tracing technique. Results are presented as point and line spread functions for collimated rays and penetrating rays, and as plane sensitivities and modulation transfer functions derived from the line spread functions. Responses to a 141Ce line source have been measured for a lead collimator and for a cadium collimator of practically identical dimensions. A comparison of measured and computed responses shows that while computed penetration approximates measured penetration reasonably well, there is a measurable contribution from scattered rays. Plane sensitivities and the modulation transfer function derived from the computed responses are shown. The effects of penetration are compared with predictions made by other investigators. This analysis of collimator performance provides information not previously available and should be useful for evaluating collimators of existing or proposed design. PMID- 7243862 TI - The tissue-equivalence of the Alderson Rando anthropomorphic phantom for x-rays of diagnostic qualities. PMID- 7243864 TI - The usefulness of indices measuring gamma camera non-uniformity. PMID- 7243863 TI - On the relationship between computed tomography numbers and specific gravity. PMID- 7243865 TI - Further appraisal and improvements of 90 degrees Compton scattering tomography of the lung. PMID- 7243866 TI - The G-value of the ferrous sulphate dosemeter for 3 and 14 MeV neutrons. PMID- 7243867 TI - Spurious TLD readings due to static electricity. PMID- 7243868 TI - Radiometric monitoring of exposure-site temperature during laser irradiation. PMID- 7243869 TI - Hospital Physicists' Association Annual Conference. Abstracts. PMID- 7243870 TI - Cadmium in man measured in vivo by x-ray fluorescence analysis. AB - The sensitivity and detection limit for measurements of the concentration of cadmium in the kidney cortex of man in vivo have been investigated using the technique of X-ray fluorescence. An 11 GB1 241Am source was used to generate the characteristic K alpha X-rays of cadmium. The variation in the sensitivity for the detection of cadmium at various locations in a kidney has been studied. Because of the pronounced variation in sensitivity with depth in tissue, a measurement could be made selectively in the kidney cortex. The minimum detectable Cd concentration varies between 20 and 40 micrograms g-1 for distances between the skin and the kidney surface of 30 to 40 mm; this distance has a measured uncertainty of +/- 3 mm which gives rise to an uncertainty of +/- 30% in the estimated Cd concentration. The mean absorbed dose to the kidney during such a measurement is about 0.6 mGy. The X-ray fluorescence method is more advantageous than the alternative neutron capture gamma ray analysis technique as far as the total irradiation of the patient is concerned. The cadmium concentrations in the kidneys of five exposed persons were found to lie between 30 and 143 micrograms g-1. PMID- 7243871 TI - Determination of absorbed dose and kerma in a neutron field from measurements with a tissue-equivalent ionisation chamber. AB - Equations are derived for the determination of absorbed dose and kerma free-in air from measurements with a tissue-equivalent ionisation chamber in a neutron field. Three methods of calibration of the chamber are considered; an exposure calibration in air in a photon beam, an absorbed-dose calibration in a phantom in a photon beam, and an absorbed-dose calibration using a calorimeter in a neutron beam. An uncertainty analysis of the results obtained using the different methods of calibration is made and it is concluded that the calorimetric method gives the greatest overall accuracy, the major uncertainty in this technique being due to uncertainties in the kerma data used to convert absorbed dose in the wall material to absorbed dose in tissue. A detailed discussion is given of the correction factors that must be applied to the chamber reading to account for its finite size during calibration and measurements in air as well as in a phantom. PMID- 7243872 TI - Stopping cross-sections of liquid water and water vapour for alpha particles within the energy region 0.3 to 5.5 MeV. AB - Phase effects in the stopping power of heavy charged particles are important in dosimetry and, in particular, in cavity chamber theory and in the design and operation of homogeneous gas-filled ionisation chambers for neutron dosimetry. A single apparatus has been designed to allow measurement of stopping cross sections of materials in liquid and vapour phase for alpha particles. Experimental stopping powers of water vapour are presented for energies from 0.3 to about 5.5 MeV and of liquid-phase water from 1.75 to 4.75 MeV. The molecular stopping cross-sections of the vapour tend to be greater than those for the liquid. The differences between the stopping powers for the two states of H2O indicate phase effects of no more than about 4% in the energy region of comparison (down to 1.75 MeV), with an increasing trend towards lower energies. Major fluctuations in stopping power ratio are not observed in this energy region. PMID- 7243873 TI - Compton scatter imaging of transverse sections: an overall appraisal and evaluation for radiotherapy planning. AB - A Compton scatter scanner has been developed to image electron density distributions of transverse body sections. The imaging performance of this device has been measured and compared with calculated limits and with the present capabilities of X-ray computed tomographic (CT) scanners. The use of Compton scatter images in radiotherapy dose calculations has been investigated and a calibration curve has also been measured from patient images to convert CT number data to electron densities for tissues in vivo. Images have been produced with a spatial resolution of 0.5 cm and an electron density accuracy of 4.3% for a radiation dose of 0.11 Gy (11 rad) to the patient. However, little potential remains for further development of the Compton scatter technique for whole-body imaging. PMID- 7243874 TI - Hit probability for cellular targets by bone-surface-seeking alpha emitters. AB - Irradiation of cellular targets near bone surfaces with surface-seeking alpha emitters is discussed in terms of hit probabilities to spheres. The geometrical factor describing the average number of hits as a function of distance from the surface is shown to be approximately proportional to the dose rate over most of the particle range. The hit probability is calculated for the case of a non uniform distribution of cell nuclei at the bone surfaces of the thoracic vertebrae of beagles. The effect of a spatial variation of the specific surface activity and burial depth along bone surfaces is evaluated and a general expression derived, relating the hit probability to the dose rate distribution. From this expression numerical results are calculated using measured dose rate distributions in the lumbar vertebrae of rats. The validity of the underlying assumption and the consequences with respect to tumour models are discussed. PMID- 7243875 TI - A semi-automated technique for assessing the microdistribution of 239 Pu deposited in bone. AB - A semi-automated analytical procedure is described for the localisation of 239 Pu in bone. The method is based on the use of a Quantimet 720B Image Analyser for the analysis of neutron-induced autoradiographs, and may be applied to most tissues with fissionable radionuclides. Compared with former methods the present technique offers improvements in accuracy and a considerable saving on time and manpower. These savings arise mainly from the ability of the Quantimet to be used for the automatic detection of the fission-fragment tracks and to operate directly on the neutron-induced autoradiograph without recourse to photography. Results are presented for the distribution of 239 Pu in the ilia of CBA mice at 24 h post-injection. PMID- 7243876 TI - Active bone marrow distribution as a function of age in humans. AB - In response to the need for better quantitative estimates of the regional distribution of the active bone marrow organ in infants and children, a method using various anatomical data has been developed. The method, a refinement of that of Atkinson (1962), predicts that in the newborn 27.8% of the active marrow in the body resides in the skull and 20.7% resides in the lower limbs. Atkinson's method predicts 7.0% in the skull and 38.9% in the lower limbs. According to the experimental data of Hudson (1965) involving 16 late-term foetuses and newborns, there is 29.5% (+/- 4.2%) in the skull and 23.7% (+/- 2.2%) in the lower limbs. The values from the new method are much closer to experimental values in both bone groups. The values for the newborn and age one year predicted by the new method were adjusted after comparison with the experimental data for the newborn. Newer information on marrow cellularity was also incorporated into the method presented here, so that the distribution calculated here for the adult differs somewhat from those calculated by others. Overall, this adult distribution agrees more closely with published distributions based on 59 Fe studies than do the earlier distributions. PMID- 7243877 TI - Numerical simulation of the transient transport of inert gases in lung tissue. AB - A numerical simulation of the transport of xenon gas into healthy and oedematous lung tissue is described. The lung is modelled as four parallel tissue layers; alveolar membrane, interstitial fluid, capillary membrane, and blood, surrounded by a uniform air space. Using a finite difference representation of the governing diffusion equations, the concentration distribution of Xe gas in each of the layers of tissue is obtained for a step change in the Xe concentration in the air space. The effect of a thickening of the interstitial fluid layer, found in pulmonary oedema, on the kinetics of Xe transport is also considered. Computational findings indicate that a good approximation to the steady state profiles for Xe in the layers of tissue can be obtained simply by assuming that instantaneous equilibrium exists (as described by Henry's Law) between the lung tissue and surrounding air space. This same finding is documented even when the thickness of the interstitial fluid layer is increased by a factor of 40 above baseline values. The results suggest that the reduction in gas exchange which occurs in pulmonary oedema is caused by fluid flow into the alveoli, rather than a true diffusion deficit caused by a thicker alveolar-capillary barrier. The relationship of the present findings to those which would be obtained for more physiological input functions of Xe gas into the air space in also discussed. PMID- 7243878 TI - A comparison of 252Cf and 238Pu, Be neutron sources for partial-body in vivo activation analysis. AB - A comparison is made of the isotopic neutron sources 252 Cf and 238 Pu, Be for partial-body in vivo neutron activation analysis. Depth distributions of thermal neutron fluences in a water phantom are very similar for the two sources. The peak depth occurs at 5 cm. This value is approximately 2 cm less than the values obtained with uncollimated neutrons produced in broad-beam irradiations. With respect to the fluence-to-dose ratio, the 252 Cf neutrons have an advantage of approximately 1.4 over the 238 Pu, Be source. The use of 252 Cf offers two additional advantages for the investigator. First, it minimizes the on-line fast neutron damage in Ge(Li) semiconductor detectors. Secondly, it is subject to much less stringent transport regulations that 238 Pu, Be. The latter feature takes on particular importance in view of the increasing usefulness of transportable instruments for in vivo cadmium measurements at the workplace. PMID- 7243879 TI - Microprocessor crosstalk correction in multiple-detector gamma counters. AB - A method for compensating for crosstalk between nuclear counters and its application to a multidetector gamma counter is described. The standardisation procedure employed measures the relative efficiency of each detector for a sample within that detector and for the same detector when the sample is located in each of the other detectors. Results with a 12-element detector system show that the stored calibration data obtained in this way can be applied successfully to correct the observed count rates for crosstalk as well as detector sensitivity differences when using gamma emitters having energies up to 1.3 MeV. PMID- 7243880 TI - The exponential edge-gradient effect in x-ray computed tomography. AB - The exponential edge-gradient effect must arise in any x-ray transmission CT scanner whenever long sharp edges of high contrast are encountered. The effect is non-linear and is due to the interaction of the exponential law of x-ray attenuation and the finite width of the scanning beam in the x-y plane. The error induced in the projection values is proved to be always negative. While the most common effect is lucent streaks emerging from single straight edges, it is demonstrated that dense streaks from pairs of edges are possible. It is shown that an exact correction of the error is possible only under very special (and rather unrealistic) circumstances in which an infinite number of samples per beam width are available and all thin rays making up the beam can be considered parallel. As a practical matter, nevertheless, increased sample density is highly desirable in making good approximate corrections; this is demonstrated with simulated scans. Two classes of approximate correction algorithms are described and their effectiveness evaluated on simulated CT phantom scans. One such algorithm is also shown to work well with a real scan of a physical phantom on a machine that provides approximately four samples per beam width. PMID- 7243882 TI - Kerma factors for neutrons with energies up to 60 MeV. PMID- 7243883 TI - A revised equation relating tissue--air ratio to per cent depth-dose. PMID- 7243881 TI - Non-invasive estimation of kidney function by x-ray fluorescence analysis. Method for in vivo measurements of iodine-containing contrast media in rabbits. PMID- 7243884 TI - Displacement correction factors for spherical ion chambers in phantoms irradiated with neutrons of different energies. PMID- 7243885 TI - The accuracy of in vivo nitrogen determination: a comment on the distribution of the composite sensitivity through the body. PMID- 7243886 TI - Effect of an exercise program on the static balance of deaf children. AB - Deaf children show subnormal performance on standard tests of static balance. This study investigated the effect of a 10-day exercise program of static balance activities on the static balance ability of severely deaf children. A pretest posttest control group design was used. The subjects, 49 deaf children, were tested on a force platform in four different stances. The experimental group then participated in a daily exercise program of activities traditionally used to facilitate balance ability. A comparison of the change in steadiness scores between the control and experimental groups revealed no significant difference in static balance ability as measured by degree of sway. However, the length of time that children in the experimental group could stand on one leg increased significantly. The lack of improvement in the amount of sway after use of this widely accepted therapeutic program serves to highlight the need for further investigation of the effect of any exercise program on static balance ability. PMID- 7243887 TI - Evaluation of electromyographic biofeedback as an adjunct to therapeutic exercise in treating the lower extremities of hemiplegic patients. AB - The following controlled, preliminary investigation was designed to determine whether electromyographic biofeedback, in conjunction with therapeutic exercise, could influence the reacquisition of functional lower extremity movements in chronic hemiplegic patients. Both the control (standardized therapeutic exercise regimen) and experimental (therapeutic exercise regimen combined with electromyographic biofeedback) groups improved in ankle active range of motion; only the experimental group significantly shortened its timed ambulation over a carpeted surface. One patient in the experimental group who was given 12 additional training sessions showed further gains in knee and ankle joint angle measurements during walking. The apparent potential for rehabilitation of chronic hemiplegic patients and the benefits afforded to physical therapists from a standardized therapeutic exercise protocol are discussed. PMID- 7243888 TI - Strength-duration curve: intrarater and interrater reliability. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the coefficients of correlation for intrarater and interrater reliability for producing the strength-duration curve. The intrarater reliability curve was determined by a test-retest by the same examiner within a one-week interval. The interrater reliability was determined by using two examiners, each testing and recording his own results on the same subject within the same hour. The tibialis anterior muscle was tested in 24 healthy men. The interrater coefficients of correlation of 11 pulse durations of the strength-duration curve ranged from r = .979 to r = .771 (mean r = .945). The intrarater reliability coefficients ranged from r = .850 to r = .394 (mean r = .541). Both mean coefficients were statistically significant at p less than .01. The variance interpretation of the correlation coefficient data revealed that intrarater coefficients were not highly consistent (r(2) = .29). Interrater coefficients interpreted by variance estimates tended to be consistent (r(2) = .89). We believe that normal physiologic variation in the human subject was the cause of low intrarater values. The necessity of developing a normalized strength duration curve is discussed. PMID- 7243889 TI - Electromyographic activity recorded from an unexercised muscle during maximal isometric exercise of the contralateral agonists and antagonists. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if integrated electromyographic activity recorded from an unexercised muscle during contralateral exercise was dependent upon the contralateral muscle (agonist or antagonist) being exercised and upon the position of the unexercised limb. Twenty normal subjects participated in the study. Electromyographic activity was recorded, using surface electrodes, from the right rectus femoris and the right vastus lateralis muscles during four experimental conditions. Statistical analysis revealed that 1) integrated electromyographic activity recorded from the rectus femoris muscle during contralateral, isometric exercise was not significantly influenced by the position of the unexercised knee or the exercised contralateral muscle and 2) integrated electromyographic activity recorded from the vastus lateralis muscle during contralateral, isometric exercise was significantly greater when the unexercised knee was initially positioned in 10 degrees of flexion and the contralateral agonists were exercised. Integrated electromyographic activity recorded during contralateral exercise appeared to be related to the associated movement of the unexercised limb. PMID- 7243890 TI - Development of clinical education sites in an area health education system. AB - In 1974 the University of Kentucky was faced with two problems: 1) overburdening of local clinical facilities by students and 2) a large exodus of graduates from the state. The advent of the Area Health Education System offered the opportunity for the clinical education program to develop nontraditional clinical sites across the state. The development and use of these nontraditional sites in predominantly rural areas has become an integral part of the clinical education program. Local facilities are no longer inundated with students. The retention rate of graduates has improved in the seven years of the program from 36 percent to 1972 to 81 percent in 1979. PMID- 7243891 TI - Effects of behavioral modification on the standing and walking deficiencies of a profoundly retarded child. A case report. PMID- 7243894 TI - Dynamic retractable key chain for the head. PMID- 7243892 TI - Four-bar gait-control linkage. PMID- 7243893 TI - Splint for infant with myelomeningocele. PMID- 7243896 TI - Effects of an applied kinesiology technique on quadriceps femoris muscle isometric strength. AB - The effect of either the muscle spindle cell receptor technique of applied kinesiology or a placebo technique on isometric strength of the right quadriceps femoris muscle group was studied among 20 normal human subjects. Peak, perpendicular maximal values of isometric quadriceps femoris muscle force was measured by a force transducer. Three training sessions consisting of three trials of peak maximal contractions of the isometric quadriceps femoris muscle were performed by all subjects. After the three training sessions, matched pairs of subjects were formed from a rand order list of each subject's mean values of isometric quadriceps femoris muscle strength on the third session. One subject of a matched pair was then randomly assigned to either an experimental (applied kinesiology) or control (placebo) group for the testing session. No significant differences in mean values of isometric quadriceps femoris muscle strength between the matched pairs for control and experimental subjects were noted. Within the context of a normal population, the applied kinesiology technique does not appear to augment isometric quadriceps femoris muscle strength. PMID- 7243895 TI - EMG--surface versus wire. PMID- 7243897 TI - Effect of forced use of the upper extremity of a hemiplegic patient on changes in function. A single-case design. AB - This study was designed to examine the effect of forced use of the affected upper extremity of a hemiplegic patient on the quantity, quality, and efficiency of functional behaviors. The patient was a woman with right hemiplegia of 18 months' duration. The study was divided into three one-week phases: an initial base-line, and experimental, and a second base-line phase. Base-line scores of frequency, quality, and time were recorded for completion of functional tasks. During the experimental phase, the patient's intact upper extremity was restrained. The efficiency and quality of movement scores did not reflect changes related to the period of restraint; however, the frequency of purposeful behaviors and the patient's functional use of her affected extremity increased during the experimental phase. The relationship of forced use to recovery of function in hemiplegia remains uncertain. PMID- 7243898 TI - Mandatory continuing education or periodic reexamination? AB - A descriptive study of physical therapists located primarily in the southeastern United States was undertaken to determine their opinions concerning mandatory continuing education or reexamination for license renewal. A majority of the 1,187 respondents favored continuing education rather than reexamination. Of those favoring continuing education, a majority prefer a yearly minimum requirement of at least 10 hours, a three-year review cycle, a sharing of costs by therapists and employers, provision of courses by the national association, approval of courses by the district or state association, and awarding of credit for demonstrated improved performance at the course. Of those favoring periodic reexamination, a majority preferred a five-year cycle, self-assessment methods available prior to reexamination, a sharing of costs by therapists and government, and an oral examination that the national association would compose but academic institutions administer. Both groups favor probationary status for noncompliance. Based on the findings, some implications for adoption and implementation of either system for the physical therapy profession are discussed. PMID- 7243900 TI - And the heat goes on. PMID- 7243899 TI - Construction of a customized pylon: simple, quick, and functional. PMID- 7243901 TI - The embryotoxic effect of phototherapy: separation of therapeutic and gametotoxic activities. PMID- 7243902 TI - The effects of photooxidation by proflavine on HeLa cells-I. The molecular mechanisms. PMID- 7243903 TI - The effects of photooxidation by proflavine on HeLa cells-II. Damage to DNA. PMID- 7243904 TI - Repair of psoralen plus near ultraviolet light damage in bacteriophages T3 and T4. PMID- 7243905 TI - Incorporation of 11,12-dihydroretinal into the retinae of vitamin a deprived rats. PMID- 7243906 TI - Effect of immobilization on the nonhistone protein composition in different types of skeletal muscles. PMID- 7243907 TI - Immobilization effects upon aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of the skeletal muscles. PMID- 7243908 TI - The effect of hypoxic and hypobaric exercises on the blood-brain barrier in rats. PMID- 7243909 TI - The effects of human growth hormone administration on the functional status of rat atrophied muscle following immobilization. PMID- 7243910 TI - Gravitational adaptation of animals. PMID- 7243911 TI - Scaling of metabolic rate on body mass in small laboratory mammals. PMID- 7243912 TI - Some of biochemical parameters in rat brain during +Gz acceleration. PMID- 7243914 TI - Chronic central vascular expansion induces hypokalemia in conscious primates. PMID- 7243913 TI - Alterations in heat loss and heat production mechanisms in rat exposed to hypergravic fields. PMID- 7243916 TI - In vitro 45Ca++ uptake and exchange by otoconial complexes in high and low K+/Na+ fluids. PMID- 7243915 TI - Autonomic reactions in labyrinthectomized rabbits during centrifuge acceleration. PMID- 7243919 TI - Initiation of nutation in sunflower hypocotyls. PMID- 7243918 TI - Effects of space flight factors and artificial gravity on deoxyribonucleoprotein in lymphoid organs of rats. PMID- 7243921 TI - Skin temperature and thermal comfort in weightlessness. PMID- 7243920 TI - Changes of periodic protoplasmic movements on the fast clinostat. PMID- 7243917 TI - Space flight effects upon plasma and tissue lipids in rats. PMID- 7243922 TI - Aortic and tibial bloodflow response to lower body negative pressure (LBNP). PMID- 7243923 TI - Effects of lower body negative pressure on the reliability of cardiovascular system using x-ray kymograms. PMID- 7243924 TI - Vibration and decompression gas bubbles. PMID- 7243926 TI - Orthostatic tolerance and exercise response before and after 7 days simulated weightlessness. PMID- 7243925 TI - Relation between physiological effects of gravitational forces and that of magnetic forces. PMID- 7243927 TI - Postural control related to the different tilting body positions. PMID- 7243928 TI - The reaction of simulated and true weightlessness on digestive tract of rats. PMID- 7243929 TI - Physiological mechanisms of adaptation of rat skeletal muscles to weightlessness and similar functional requirements. PMID- 7243930 TI - Weightlessness effects on resistance and reactivity of animals. PMID- 7243931 TI - Artificial gravity in space flight. PMID- 7243933 TI - Rhythms of electrolytes and hydroxyproline excretion in urine of rats after three weeks of weightlessness / biosatellite Cosmos-1129. PMID- 7243932 TI - Biorhythms of rats during and after space flight. PMID- 7243935 TI - Body composition of rats flown aboard Cosmos-1129. PMID- 7243934 TI - Ultrastructural qualitative and quantitative evaluation of cytoplasmatic structures of heart muscle of rats living aboard biosputnik Kosmos 936. PMID- 7243936 TI - Stress in space flight: metabolic aspects. PMID- 7243937 TI - Results of morphological investigations aboard biosatellites Cosmos. PMID- 7243938 TI - Studies of specific hepatic enzymes involved in the conversion of carbohydrates to lipids in rats exposed to prolonged spaceflight aboard Cosmos 1129. PMID- 7243939 TI - Effect of prolonged weightlessness on certain aspects of brain metabolism of the rat. PMID- 7243940 TI - Effect of spaceflight on lymphocyte stimulation. PMID- 7243942 TI - Aspects of cardiovascular adaptation to gravitational stresses. PMID- 7243941 TI - Study of contractile properties and composition of myofibrillar proteins of skeletal muscles in the Cosmos-1129 experiment. PMID- 7243943 TI - Variability of physiological properties of rat skeletal muscles at different gravity levels. PMID- 7243944 TI - Morphometric analysis of rat muscle fibers following space flight and hypogravity. PMID- 7243945 TI - Cosmos 1129: spaceflight and bone changes. PMID- 7243946 TI - Bone resorption and calcium absorption in rats during spaceflight. PMID- 7243947 TI - Bone growth in the rat mandible during space flight. PMID- 7243948 TI - A new rat model for studies of hypokinesia and antiorthostasis. PMID- 7243950 TI - Effect of immobilization on the excitatory parameters of different type skeletal muscle. PMID- 7243949 TI - Plasticity of fast and slow muscle myofibrillar proteins in model experiments simulating weightlessness. PMID- 7243951 TI - Rostral midbrain lesions and copulatory behavior in male rats. PMID- 7243952 TI - A descriptive analysis of tail-pinch elicited eating-behavior of rats. PMID- 7243953 TI - [Spontaneous patterns of eating and drinking ad lib in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243954 TI - Strain differences in eating and drinking evoked by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus. PMID- 7243956 TI - Effects of rearing environments upon sleep-waking parameters in rats. PMID- 7243957 TI - Effects of neonatal exposure to progesterone in sexual behavior of male and female rats. PMID- 7243959 TI - [Quantitative study of retention of habituation of the optocardiac response in the blowfly, Calliphora vomitoria (Dipt. Calliphoridae) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7243955 TI - Movement disorders and lesions of pigeon brain stem analogues of basal ganglia. PMID- 7243958 TI - Encephalic photoreceptor involvement in the entrainment and control of circadian activity of young American alligators. PMID- 7243960 TI - Spectral electroencephalographic correlates of iron status: tired blood revisited. PMID- 7243961 TI - Reticular multiple-unit activity and motor changes during DRL learning in cats. PMID- 7243962 TI - Pup-killing behavior in mice: suppression by early androgen exposure. PMID- 7243963 TI - Regulation of food intake in monkeys: response to caloric dilution. PMID- 7243964 TI - The light/dark difference in meal size in the laboratory rat on a standard diet is abolished during REM sleep deprivation. PMID- 7243965 TI - Septal lesions and avoidance behavior: genetic, neurochemical and behavioral considerations. PMID- 7243966 TI - Electrical brain stimulation and food reinforcement dissociated by demand elasticity. PMID- 7243968 TI - Portal and aortic blood sampling technique in unrestrained rats. PMID- 7243967 TI - Fluctuations in testosterone levels of male rhesus monkeys during copulatory activity. PMID- 7243969 TI - Gustatory stimulus control and reversal learning in rats. PMID- 7243970 TI - Effects of neonatal testosterone and estrogen on open-field behaviour in rats. PMID- 7243971 TI - Essential virulence determinants of different Yersinia species are carried on a common plasmid. PMID- 7243972 TI - Radical treatment for fronto-orbital fibrous dysplasia: the chain-link fence. AB - Fronto-orbital fibrous dysplasia is a progressive disease whose growth does not cease at puberty. It causes frontal protuberance, orbital dystopia, and proptosis. Occasionally, there is a neural entrapment. Malignant change may occur spontaneously or as a result of irradiation. Radical resection offers the greatest chance of cure and correction of the entire deformity. Five patients treated by the Toronto Craniofacial Team are reported. This team has developed techniques for one-stage removal and immediate reconstruction with rib grafts. Rigid fixation of the grafts utilizing the chain-link fence principle has proved that if bone grafts are considered as skin grafts and rapid revascularization is permitted, no resorption or loss of contour occurs. PMID- 7243973 TI - A randomized comparison of four incisions for orbital fractures. AB - We previously compared conjunctival and subciliary incisions for exposure of orbital floor and infraorbital rim fractures. A prospective randomized comparison of lower eyelid and orbital rim incisions was then undertaken and results compared with our previous study. Lower eyelid and orbital rim incisions provided more rapid access to fracture sites. Fracture exposure was adequate with all but conjunctival incisions; lateral canthotomy was added in 56 percent of cases to improve exposure. There were minimal or no intraoperative and postoperative complications except for a 42 percent incidence of ectropion following subciliary incisions. Scar appearance was similar in the four groups, except when an isolated conjunctival incision was used, which produced an invisible scar. PMID- 7243974 TI - Complications of chemical face peeling as evaluated by a questionnaire. AB - Seven-hundred and ninety-four questionnaires were returned, and 74 percent of the plastic surgeons reported the use of phenol for chemical face peeling. They reported pigmentation difficulties as the most common local complication, with scarring being reported by 21 percent of the plastic surgeons. Of the plastic surgeons reporting, 87 percent did not encounter any systemic complications and 13 percent noted cardiac complications, with tachycardia being the most frequent. The surgeon must be reminded that phenol is a toxic material that is absorbed into the bloodstream and is capable of producing cardiac complications. Therefore, slow and cautious application of the chemical to the skin is advisable in order to prevent such complications. The use of a cardiac monitor is highly recommended as a precautionary diagnostic aid. This procedure has gained popularity and is used by 74 percent of present-day plastic surgeons. Despite the fact that complications can occur, the procedure is still valuable for certain conditions of the skin that cannot be managed successfully by standard surgical procedures. Chemical face peeling, although unsound pharmacologically, will produce beneficial results in indicated cases if it is used judicially. PMID- 7243975 TI - Reconstruction of the aesthetically pleasing breast. AB - Techniques are outlined to assist in obtaining a superior result in difficult breast reconstruction problems. The use of multiple adjustments, broad-based implants, and dermal contouring for nipple-areola reconstruction are discussed. PMID- 7243976 TI - The parasternal paddle: a modification of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. AB - A modification of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap has been described for head and neck reconstruction. The flap uses the skin overlying the sternum and parasternal area and may extend across the midline to the contralateral internal mammary perforators. The flap has been uniformly reliable in our experience. It is thin and easy to elevate, and donor-site morbidity is minimal. This flap is rapidly becoming our first-choice for head and neck reconstruction. PMID- 7243978 TI - Hemodynamic and histologic changes following microarteriorrhaphy. AB - One method for objectively assessing microcirculatory hemodynamics is to determine flow velocity using an ultrasound flow probe. The velocity acceleration measured at the site of repair was previously thought to be caused by stenosis. This study failed to demonstrate anastomotic narrowing and, more important, failed to predict delayed vascular thrombosis. The persistent problem of delayed microvascular thrombosis following replantation and even free-tissue transfer emphasizes the importance of continuing the search for an objective, intraoperative method of detecting venous and arterial repairs that are likely to develop delayed thrombosis. PMID- 7243977 TI - The saphenous neurovascular free flap. AB - A new neurovascular free-flap donor area on the medial side of the knee is described. The flap is supplied by the saphenous artery, a branch of the descending genicular artery. It is drained both by the long saphenous vein and by the saphenous venae comitantes. Its nerve supply is from the medial femoral cutaneous nerve above the knee and the saphenous nerve below the knee. The flap is thin, has a long vascular pedicle (up to 15 cm) and a dependable nerve supply, and can be made quite large. The principal disadvantage is the donor wound, which requires grafting in most cases. We describe the anatomy of the saphenous flap, the method of raising it, and our early clinical experience with it both as a free flap and as a pedicled flap. Potential uses of the saphenous flap and its broader significance in relation to flaps on the lower extremity are briefly discussed. PMID- 7243979 TI - Another unnecessary hurdle for the aesthetic surgical patient. PMID- 7243980 TI - Nonepidermal origin of malignant melanoma associated with a giant congenital nevocellular nevus. AB - We report an adult who developed primary malignant melanoma arising in association with residual nevus cells in the pectoralis muscle under an intact skin graft 13 years following the partial excision of a giant congenital nevocellular nevus (GCNN). The case serves to emphasize the malignant potential of GCNN, for which we estimate a lifetime risk of at least 6.3 percent and an approximate 17-fold risk for melanoma when compared with the general population. This case supports previous observations that melanoma may arise in nonepidermal components of a GCNN and suggests the need to consider excision of the GCNN to muscle fascia or deeper if nevus cells extend beyond this anatomic zone. We estimate the risk of death from general anesthesia during the first year of life to be substantially less than the risk of malignant degeneration during the same time period. The decision to excise the GCNN as soon as the problem is recognized should depend on the general health of the infant and the risk of surgical complications. PMID- 7243981 TI - Facilitation of the upward advancement of the nipple-areola complex in reduction mammaplasty by Kiel resection. PMID- 7243982 TI - The bilobed tensor fascia lata myocutaneous flap. PMID- 7243983 TI - An intravenous dissociation technique for outpatient plastic surgery: tranquility in the office surgical facility. AB - Intravenous diazepam and ketamine may be used as sole agents, along with local anesthesia, or in combination with preoperative sedation in office plastic surgical procedures. These medications can lower or, in some instances, eliminate the requirements for local anesthesia. They enable procedures traditionally confined to hospital operating rooms (where general anesthesia must be used) to be done in office surgical facilities. True dissociation occurs, and this is not seen without the use of ketamine, which selectively and centrally blocks the effect of painful stimuli without obtunding vital functions. Use of these two agents together is mandatory, because of the use of ketamine alone can produce unwanted side effects. Together, diazepam and ketamine exhibit synergism, with the adverse effects of each being canceled by the other. This dissociative technique appears to approach the "ideal" in a properly staffed and equipped office surgical facility with appropriate patient selection. Tranquility can now be a reality for the patient, staff, and plastic surgeon. PMID- 7243985 TI - Hydron for burns. PMID- 7243984 TI - How to photograph fluorescein in a normally illuminated room. PMID- 7243987 TI - Flap and wound size tracing on polyethylene sheet. AB - A simple method for evaluation of size and shape of skin flap size and wound size in experimental animals and clinical cases is hereby described--marking their sizes on polyethylene sheet. The use of the compensating polar planimeter for size measurements is described. PMID- 7243986 TI - A comparative study of four methods of evaluating velopharyngeal adequacy. AB - Forty-eight subjects with repaired palatal clefts were divided into three major groups on the basis of speech symptoms and were examined for velopharyngeal valving integrity by means of the R-D nasal manometer, pressure-flow techniques, the Hunter oral manometer, and videofluoroscopy. Videofluoroscopy appeared to provide data that most nearly agreed with predictions of valving made from speech. The Hunter oral manometer was the least useful of the four techniques. PMID- 7243988 TI - Silastic tendon passer. PMID- 7243990 TI - An evaluation of the educational foundation sponsored research program. PMID- 7243992 TI - Flap nomenclature. PMID- 7243993 TI - Accessory scrotum. PMID- 7243991 TI - An improved method for fluorescein dye photography. PMID- 7243994 TI - Iodine. PMID- 7243995 TI - Ipsilateral flaps of the lower extremity. PMID- 7243989 TI - The management of laryngotracheal stenosis in burned patients. AB - Following burns of the upper respiratory tract, laryngotracheal stenosis is associated with considerable morbidity. This paper deals with the cumulative effect of various pathologic processes involved in burn trauma of the upper airway. Emphasis is placed on the extended use of endotracheal intubation and the avoidance of tracheostomy whenever possible. When laryngotracheal stenosis develops, it may be safely and successfully treated by prolonged stenting, as has been borne out by our experience with the T-shaped silicone tubes. Limited reconstructive procedures can be performed to facilitate proper placement of the stent. In our opinion, laryngotracheal resection and reconstruction are not the procedures of choice in burn cases. Our experience in following the preceding guidelines is described. Three illustrative cases serve to exemplify the difficulties and problems involved in the various stages of treatment and the results obtained. The patients are symptom-free 18 to 24 months following stenting, and all enjoy an adequate airway and good voice. There were no complications resulting from this treatment and we suggest that it is worthy of trial. PMID- 7243996 TI - Postrhinoplasty edema. PMID- 7243997 TI - Progress in rhytidectomy by platysma-SMAS rotation and elevation. AB - Our experience in 1 1/2 years of follow-up with 64 patients with a musculofascial flap to support the lower face and anterior neck is presented. We anticipate that the skilled plastic surgeon will find this procedure helpful for the aesthetic reconstruction of the aging face and neck. PMID- 7243998 TI - Does infection play a role in breast capsular contracture? AB - The formation of capsular contracture around silicone implants continues to be the most common complication of augmentation mammaplasty. To date, the etiologic factors in the formation of capsular contractures have remained inconclusive. In the present study, the role of subclinical infection with S. epidermidis as a cause of capsular contracture was evaluated in 16 rabbits using miniature silicone implants. All the implants on the side contaminated with varying concentrations of S. epidermidis developed breast capsular contractures. Using Baker's classification, they were graded III or IV, while the controls were all considered to be either grade I or II. Grossly, the capsules on the contaminated side were firm, fibrous, and 2 to 3 times thicker than the controls, and this was confirmed histologically using micrometry. Implants contaminated with 10(7) bacteria uniformly extruded. The present study seems to indicate that subclinical infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis may be one of the causes of capsular contracture around breast implants. PMID- 7243999 TI - Capsules, infection, and intraluminal antibiotics. AB - Staphylococcus epidermidis, a normal cutaneous inhabitant previously shown to be present in 67 percent of nipple secretions, has been cultured from 55 percent of surgical mammary pockets prior to implant insertion and from the interior of 71 percent of fibrous capsules explored at open capsulotomy. Cephalothin and gentamicin placed within the lumen of inflatable breast implants in vitro have been shown to diffuse outward through the silicone shell. The use of intraluminal cephalothin and gentamicin in vivo has significantly reduced our incidence of capsular contracture following both primary mammary augmentation and secondary open capsulotomy. The authors believe that the cause of fibrous capsular contracture may be a low-grade periprosthetic infection, and that the unique permeability characteristics of the silicone shell may permit sustained antimicrobial activity at the surface of the prosthesis. PMID- 7244000 TI - Suction curettage to remove excess fat for body contouring. AB - We have significantly expanded the use of a lipectomy procedure which heretofore had been restricted to the removal of strictly localized excess fat deposits by curettage through a small incision. By modifying the suction curette and utilizing it for extensive body contouring, we have been successful in correcting relatively major fat deformities without causing any postoperative surgical deformities. All our results to date have been satisfactory. This procedure may be helpful to those surgeons who have been seeking a simplified method for removing excessive fat without extensive scarring. The improvement in body contour is often beyond the preoperative expectations of both the surgeon and the patient. PMID- 7244001 TI - The tensor fascia lata: variations on a theme. AB - Using more of the true musculocutaneous (or proximal) portion of the tensor fascia lata enables the surgeon to augment its bulk, include bone in the flap, close the donor site primarily, and use the flap even if the distal fascial compartment has been damaged. Alternative designs, inclusion of bone in the flap, and tetracycline bone labeling are discussed. PMID- 7244002 TI - Vastus medialis muscle flap for functional closure of the exposed knee joint. PMID- 7244003 TI - The management of open tibial fractures with associated soft-tissue loss: external pin fixation with early flap coverage. AB - Meaningful data on the management of open tibial fractures cannot be obtained unless one categorizes the injury according to fracture type, degree of soft tissue loss, and the velocity of the injury. Treatment by converting the type III injury to a type II injury with well-vascularized soft tissue is presented. Eighteen patients with 20 type III and type IIIa wounds were treated in a prospective fashion employing a combined orthopedic and plastic surgical scheme based on the tenets of early radical debridement, a "second look" operation, muscle or muscle-skin flap cover within 5 days of injury, external pin fixation, and ambulation within the first 3 weeks of injury. All fractures united in a mean time of 4.0 months. The mean hospitalization was 4.2 weeks. There have been no chronic infection, osteomyelitis, nonunion, shortening, or tissue breakdown. PMID- 7244004 TI - Woodsplitter injuries of the hand. AB - The hydraulic woodsplitter is a new labor-saving tool for woodstove users. A new spectrum of hand injury has been observed in association with its use. Twenty three such injuries are reviewed. Among these were nine digit amputations, four of which were successfully replanted. There was a surprising preponderance of central digit injury, with border digit sparing due to the dominant role of the central digits in power grip of the log. Both human carelessness and faulty design features were instrumental in the production of injury. PMID- 7244005 TI - A randomized prospective comparison of fascicular and epineural digital nerve repairs. PMID- 7244006 TI - Loss of vision associated with surgical treatment of zygomatic-orbital floor fracture. AB - A case of visual loss associated with surgical repair of a zygomatic-orbital floor fracture is presented. A review of the literature indicates relatively few cases of blindness reported in association with surgical intervention for these fractures; however, it must be recognized that this serious complication does occur. The patient's ocular status should be evaluated before, during, and after orbital surgery. PMID- 7244008 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen in the diagnosis of bronchial and lung cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244009 TI - [Morphologic characteristics of tuberculosis of the kidney (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244007 TI - [About pneumonias today with special reference to the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244011 TI - [Tumors of the thymus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244012 TI - [Pulmonary sarcoidosis with unilateral falling out of ventilation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244013 TI - [The application of ultrasonic nebulizer for local aerosol anesthesia before fiberoptic bronchoscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244014 TI - [Tamponade of the nose as a cause of disturbed acid-base balance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244010 TI - [Pulmonary sequestration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244015 TI - [Lung cancer in the population of Croatia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244016 TI - [Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244018 TI - [Acute isoniazid poisoning (author's transl]. PMID- 7244019 TI - [Syndroma Pancoast-Tobias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244017 TI - [Pleural effusions in patients with chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244020 TI - [Role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in differential diagnosis of hemoptysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244021 TI - [Cytologic changes of the respiratory tract due to smoking (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244023 TI - [The importance of radiologic signs in the detection of left heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244022 TI - [Useful spirometric test--mid-expiratory flow time (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244024 TI - [Importance of spasm and way of reactivity to bronchodilatator of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244025 TI - Haematogenous osteomyelitis and Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Some 80 - 90% of all acute haematogenous osteomyelitis is caused by staphylococcus aureus. We suggest that this is due to the special ability of staphylococci to synthesise prostaglandins from appropriate precursors such as arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins, especially of the E series, are potent stimulators of bone resorption. Establishment of osteomyelitis could thus result from minor bone trauma and local release of prostaglandins and their precursors, followed by adventitious infection. Infection by staphylococcus aureus, but not by other bacteria, could then lead to a sudden surge in prostaglandin production and so bone destruction, facilitating the formation of an osteomyelitic focus. PMID- 7244026 TI - Interaction between furosemide-induced renal vasodilation and the prostaglandin system. AB - The effect of intravenous furosemide, 5 mg/kg, on renal hemodynamics as it relates to the prostaglandin cascade was examined in dogs. In 11 dogs the vasculature to the kidney was isolated and a femoral to renal arterial and a renal to femoral venous shunt was performed. With the use of a protein-free salt solution to perfuse the kidney for 3 minutes, the renal cortex was enriched with tritiated arachidonic acid. After blood perfusion to the kidney was re established, the renal effluent radioactivity was followed before and after furosemide administration. Furosemide produced two types of response. In six dogs there was renal vasodilation, diuresis, and a three and one-half fold increase in renal venous radioactivity. In five dogs that were in renal failure, furosemide administration caused no change in renal effluent radioactivity. On thin-layer chromatography most of the released radioactivity by the kidney after furosemide administration traveled as arachidonic acid. In a separate seven dogs, we measured the total unesterified arachidonic acid concentration in the plasma before and after furosemide by the use of gas chromatography-flame ionization. Even though in these dogs furosemide caused a significant increase in renal blood flow and diuresis, renal venous plasma levels of arachidonic acid were unaltered. Our data suggest that furosemide causes a release of arachidonic acid from the kidney from a small pool at fast turnover lipid stores and that the stimulus for arachidonic acid release after furosemide depends on a intra-renal mechanism whereby the diuresis is coupled to the increase in renal blood flow. PMID- 7244027 TI - Influence of prostaglandins on vasoconstrictor responses in the hindquarters vascular bed of the cat. AB - The effects of prostaglandins (PG), A1, A2, B2, E1, 6-keto-E1, F2 alpha and indomethacin on vascular resistance and vasoconstrictor responses were investigated in the feline hindquarters vascular bed under conditions of controlled flow so that changes in perfusion pressure directly reflect changes in vascular resistance. Infusion of PGE1, PGE2 and 6-keto-PGE1 (3 microgram/min) into the abdominal aorta significantly dilated the hindquarters vascular bed and inhibited vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and intra arterial injections of angiotensin, whereas hindquarters vasoconstrictor responses to tyramine and exogenous norepinephrine were unaffected. Infusion of PGA1, A2, B2 and F2 alpha at a similar rate produced transient changes in hindquarters vascular resistance and did not consistently alter vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation, angiotensin, norepinephrine and tyramine. Indomethacin in a dose which greatly attenuates the response to intravenous administration of arachidonic acid enhanced responses to nerve stimulation and norepinephrine. In addition, indomethacin had little or no effect on hindquarters perfusion pressure and systemic arterial pressure. These data suggest that E series prostaglandins possess the ability to modulate the actions of the sympathetic nervous system and angiotensin in the feline hindquarters vascular bed. In addition, these data suggest that PGEs, upon enzymatic conversion and dehydration to A and B series prostaglandins, lose their ability to consistently affect vasoconstrictor responses. Experiments with indomethacin further suggest that locally formed prostaglandins do modulate the effects of the sympathetic nervous system of the feline hindquarters. PMID- 7244028 TI - Induction of human luteolysis by high dose infusions of 150methyl PGF2 alpha. AB - Previous data in the human generally indicate that therapeutic doses of prostaglandins (PGs) are not luteolytic. In an attempt to evaluate whether a high dose infusion (approx. 5 microgram/min for 6 hours) of a potent PG (15-methyl PGF2 alph) analogue is luteolytic, 15-methyl PGF2 alpha was administrated in the mid-luteal phase of 10 normally menstruating volunteers. The infusion induced a significant and sustained luteolytic response in 8 subjects as evidenced by a drop in progesterone levels and premature menstrual-like bleeding. In the other two cases luteal recovery was apparent from the regained normal plasma levels of progesterone and a normal cycle length. Thus, it can be concluded that luteolysis can be induced in humans by this PG provided that high dose infusions are utilized which also cause a lot of undesirable side-effects. PMID- 7244030 TI - [Management of psychiatric diseases]. PMID- 7244029 TI - Increased rate of primary dysmenorrhea in women with spontaneous premature labor. AB - Prostaglandins (PG) are responsible for primary dysmenorrhea and may be involved in the start of preterm or fullterm labor. Therefore, in order to see if there is any association between these two PG-mediate conditions, the incidence of dysmenorrhea in 177 primiparous women with threatened premature labor was compared with that in 177 primiparous women without premature uterine contractions. Dysmenorrhea had occurred about two times more commonly in women with threatened or established premature labor than in the controls. If this finding is confirmed in prospective studies, dysmenorrhea should be regarded as a factor predisposing women to a premature labors. PMID- 7244031 TI - [Management of psychiatric diseases--psychiatric clinics]. PMID- 7244032 TI - [Psychological diseases and their management--reappraisal of our present status]. PMID- 7244033 TI - [Rehabilitation of mental patients]. PMID- 7244034 TI - [Rehabilitation of mental patients--financial aspects]. PMID- 7244035 TI - [Rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients through community mental health activities]. PMID- 7244036 TI - [Rehabilitation program of mental patients in Tokyo]. PMID- 7244037 TI - [Social/rehabilitation of long-term mental patients--analysis of local/government mental hospitals]. PMID- 7244039 TI - [The origin of cycloid psychoses]. AB - Hereditary affliction with psychosis is not a marked phenomenon in cycloid psychoses, it is, however, found that parents may promote the outbreak of the disease by their abnormal behaviour. Of greater importance are causes which- unlike other forms of endogenic psychosis--develop their effect in infancy. Inharmonious constellations among brothers and sisters have been found to be essential. It has been proved that in the physiological and psychic development of man the mutual influence of children plays an important role. Paying more attention to the influence exerted by the parents, especially the mother, this law has been overlooked until now. The constellations of brothers and sisters, which are of course an everyday phenomenon, are not effective in themselves, but will only become effective when they coincide in a specific manner with temperaments that in their nature show a certain relationship with psychoses. On the other hand, physical influences do exist in a form that is found in no other type of the so-called endogenous psychoses. As regards their quite peculiar genesis, the demarkation of the cycloid psychoses from the unsystematic forms of schizophrenia, which are mainly hereditary, is indispensable. In the term "schizo affective psychoses" of the WHO the two forms are unfortunately mixed up. PMID- 7244038 TI - [What increases the probability of manifestation in hereditary schizophrenia?]. AB - Hereditary causes are decisive for the development of unsystematic forms of schizophrenia. In periodic catatonia a dominant, and in affective paraphrenia a recessive hereditary succession must be assumed. In cataphasia, the findings do not give any clear information about the hereditary succession. In all three forms, considerable variations of the manifestations are found. Imperative indications have been observed suggesting that the brother-and-sister constellations, which have scientifically been too much neglected, have an essential share in these phenomena. In periodic catatonia, the lack of brothers and sisters and in particular a lack of elder sisters proved to be an essential factor. Affective paraphrenics frequently are the youngest of the brothers and sisters in a family. An attempt has been made to give an explanation of these findings. Further external influences proved to be essential. In persons suffering from cataphasia, for example, the origin from rural districts and, on the other hand, the origin from a large town seem to play a role. PMID- 7244040 TI - [The dominant inheritance of periodic catatonia]. AB - In 143 patients suffering from periodic catatonia we found the disease in a direct succession five times in four generations and 17 times in three generations. With direct succession in four generations we found in two cases manifest psychosis in all generations, in three generations one member was formed by a most severely abnormal personality. In the sequence of three generations, the psychosis occurred continuously in ten families, in seven cases an abnormal personality pointed to the disease by his peculiarities. Since the occurrence of psychic diseases and abnormalities in the family is frequently concealed, the cases found are of great importance and indicate a dominant hereditary course. This assumption is substantiated by number of diseased half-brothers and sisters. Cataphasia in several generations in a direct sequence is a rarer phenomenon. Besides periodic catatonia, it showed the greatest affliction among the various forms of schizophrenia. PMID- 7244042 TI - [Prognosis using computerized tomography in acute coma]. AB - A total of 98 patients, who had been in a comatose state of different aetiology (with the exception of endogenic and exogenic intoxications) for more than twelve hours, were reclassified into two prognostic groups by means of the linear discrimination analysis. The separation procedure was based on 20 neurologic and general-clinical characteristics according to a scale of up to 10 steps. The degree of separation reached varies between 86 and 100 per cent (mean success rate 91-100 per cent). The probability of the individual patients being grouped into the correct class of prognosis increased by repetitions of the calculations within short time intervals. Clinical symptoms are sufficient for the establishment of the prognosis. Possibilities of an increase of the reliability of the separating procedure are discussed. PMID- 7244041 TI - [Social roles in symbiotic psychoses]. AB - On the basic of the observation of two sisters and two brothers who are suffering from a symbiontic psychosis and showed considerable social peculiarities, the significance of the extreme isolation in the development of this disease is pointed out. The isolation from the environment, which is considered to be hostile, led in each case to a grotesque living and delusion community, which was stabilised by the partners by, among other things, a rigid adoption of preshaped social roles. PMID- 7244043 TI - [Vocational rehabilitation in young mentally retarded adults]. AB - Most of the 151 young feeble-minded adults examined by us prove to be successful at their work-places. In most cases, these work-places require a relatively low degree of qualification. The mentally disabled male persons gain on an average a higher income; often they do heavy physical work and show a higher accident risk than the female persons questioned by us. In a considerable part of the feeble minded test persons our questioning revealed great differences between the subjective appraisal of their social recognition and the objective appraisal of the social value made by the enterprise. These divergences decrease with increasing age of the test persons. The majority of the oligophrenic young adults are not doing any social work. PMID- 7244045 TI - Anorexia nervosa: an illness of young adults. PMID- 7244044 TI - Suicide behavior and depression in university student psychiatric referrals. AB - Two hundred and sixty four university students who were referred consecutively for psychiatric examination were evaluated by the author using a detailed, precoded questionnaire based on the Feighner et al., diagnostic criteria for psychiatric research. Histories including suicide behavior and affective symptoms were recorded. Four measures of suicide behavior: thoughts, wishes, threats, and attempts were all associated with the presence of affective disorders, but did not significantly in their association with specific affective disorders. Suicide attempts were more frequent than threats and did, in some cases, occur without the communication of suicide intent. PMID- 7244046 TI - Neuropsychiatric diagnosis on a short-term treatment service. AB - The evaluation of suspected neuropsychiatric disorder in a series of 17 patients is described. The heuristic value of DSM-III's multiaxial approach is noted. The use of routine and neuropsychological tests, EEGs, CAT scans, T-3 and T-4 tests, and lumbar puncture, in conjunction with prolonged behavioral observation in a stable, therapeutic milieu, provided the means for clarification of neuropsychiatric illness in this series of complex cases. The value of CAT scans, neuropsychological tests and of prolonged behavioral observation in selected cases is discussed. PMID- 7244047 TI - [Treatment of heroin addicts with methadone. Concept of a polarization of therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The article describes the initiation of a permanent treatment with methadone of 14 heroin addicts in whom despite long years of therapeutical efforts and care, chronic addiction had developed, leading to health and social breakdown and eventually to a breaking-off of the therapeutic contacts. A concept of polarization of therapy was evolved in order to implement the methadone treatment, according to which the therapeutic relationship was divided into a conflict-free sphere of methadone administration as basis of the therapeutic working agreement on the one hand, and a conflict-oriented sphere of psychotherapeutic discussion and further therapeutic efforts (ergotherapy, work therapy, social therapy) on the other. The experiences collected during the first 9 months of treatment are communicated, taking into consideration the special dynamics of the doctor-patient relationship. PMID- 7244048 TI - [Psychosocial rehabilitation of chronic addicts as illustrated by the example of the work done by the Gemeinnutziger Verein fur Rehabilitation e. V. Gutersloh (author's transl)]. AB - In chronic addicts, the secondary handicaps usually dominate the disease pattern. There is a lack of therapeutic facilities which can be used specifically to tackle this problem. The authors introduce an institution which has been working since March 1974 with the consequent application of a Psychosocial Rehabilitation (PSR) concept in the treatment of chronic addicts. The method of working and the ranking of PSR are explained in detail. Efficiency control carried out within the framework of a dissertation for a diploma in psychology, confirms the efficiency of the PSR approach for the group of chronic addicts and points to further approaches towards therapeutic differentiation. PMID- 7244049 TI - [On the problem of the essential participation of persecution-conditioned stress in causing schizophrenic psychoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244053 TI - On the psychoanalytic theory of instinctual drives. II: The sexual drives and the ego drives. PMID- 7244050 TI - [Some practical aspects of the "new Italian psychiatry" demonstrated with Trieste as an example (author's transl)]. AB - Based on personal experience, the new Italian law on psychiatric hospitals and its practical application is reported. The political aspect of "new" psychiatry is critically mentioned. PMID- 7244052 TI - On the psychoanalytic theory of instinctual drives. I: The beginnings of Freud's drive theory. PMID- 7244051 TI - Typical examination dreams, "superego dreams," and traumatic dreams. AB - Typical examination dreams fulfill, in disguised form, a wish to be reassured about the future. Similar disguised wish fulfillments can be identified in certain "superego dreams" and in those post-traumatic dreams in which a traumatic event is accurately re-enacted. Recognition of the wish and the need for disguise permits a fuller picture of the dreamer's immediate conflicts to emerge. Vignettes are presented to illustrate the implications for clinical work. The concepts of the repetition compulsion and a motivation toward mastery in dreaming are considered in light of these observations. PMID- 7244054 TI - Extra-analytic contacts: theoretical and clinical considerations. AB - The literature on the extra-analytic contact is reviewed and a case is presented in which the extra-analytic contacts of patient and analyst were analyzed. Three types of extra-analytic contacts are discussed: (1) those actively brought about by the patient; (2) those that are "accidental" for both parties; and (3) those that are anticipated by the analyst but not by the patient. The extra-analytic encounter can heighten latent transference and countertransference themes, clarify certain resistances, and serve as an index of therapeutic progress. It can also interfere with an analysis by raising false hopes for the patient and can dilute the analyst's position as a fantasied object. PMID- 7244057 TI - Enhanced growth hormone response to clonidine after repeated electroconvulsive shock in a primate species. PMID- 7244055 TI - Hormones, dopamine receptors and schizophrenia. PMID- 7244056 TI - Behavioral and hormonal responses to social disruption and infant stimuli in female rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7244058 TI - Lithium leukocytosis, and leukemia: the probable influence of biologic plausibility on clinical concern. PMID- 7244059 TI - Research center reports. Current research activities in India. PMID- 7244060 TI - Neuropsychopharmacology research in psychiatry at Yale University. PMID- 7244061 TI - On the clinical response/serum level relationship for antidepressants I: Amitriptyline. PMID- 7244064 TI - The placebo response in pain control. PMID- 7244063 TI - The nature of missing data in a psychiatric data inventory. PMID- 7244062 TI - Department of Health and Human Services regulations affecting psychopharmacology research. PMID- 7244065 TI - Physiological substrates of placebo analgesia. PMID- 7244066 TI - Motivational factors in placebo responsivity. PMID- 7244067 TI - Experimental psychology, animal rights, welfare, and ethics. PMID- 7244069 TI - The scientist's concern for animal welfare. PMID- 7244068 TI - Regulating psychological experimentation with animals in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7244070 TI - Electroencephalography in drug research-Scientific symposium-1980. PMID- 7244071 TI - [On the "conjoint family therapy" in hospitalized schizophrenics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244072 TI - [Social group work with relatives of mental patients (parents of schizophrenic adolescents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244073 TI - [Experiences in establishing a skill-training programme for schizophrenic inpatients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244074 TI - [Experimental single-case investigation regarding Schizophrenic affectivity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244075 TI - [Individual patient-doctor contact in a psychiatric ward (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244076 TI - [Comments on outpatient psychiatric-psychotherapeutic treatment by practising neurologist (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244077 TI - Acute heart attacks in Leeds. The use of routinely recorded data in an epidemiological survey. PMID- 7244078 TI - The importance of knowing what is normal. PMID- 7244079 TI - An outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis affecting an operational Royal Air Force unit. PMID- 7244080 TI - A study of the causes of medical attendance aboard British Merchant ships. PMID- 7244081 TI - H.A.A. for clinicians? A method for reducing errors in H.A.A. diagnostic data. PMID- 7244082 TI - Health education in relation to Health Centre planning. PMID- 7244083 TI - Prevention and health: no body's business. PMID- 7244084 TI - [Identification of the reference values of serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases found in 1262 apprentices undergoing examinations for fitness for work]. PMID- 7244085 TI - [Detection of G-6-PD deficiency in children born at the Giannina Gaslini Institute, using a rapid screening method]. PMID- 7244086 TI - [Histopathology of the hepatic lesions in brucellosis based on biopsy findings]. AB - 22 liver biopsies from patients affected by brucellosis (Brucella melitensis) have been studied as far as granuloma formation is concerned. The first phase of granulomatous lesion seems to be the presence of monocytes within the hepatic sinusoids. Then we can observe small histiocytic granuloma and finally a "mature" (Adams [1]) granuloma, i.e. an organized collection of mature mononuclear phagocytes without necrosis, but sometimes with giant cells. PMID- 7244088 TI - [Manual determination of immunoglobulins by kinetic analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244090 TI - [Evaluation and limits of different techniques for the determination of HBsAg (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors studied three techniques for the determination of HBsAg in 740 sera from blood donors and in 60 sera from patients with viral hepatitis with three different commercial tests based on the radioimmunoassay, on the micro-ELISA method and on the passive haemoagglutination. The micro-ELISA method showed a high sensibility comparable to that of the radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7244089 TI - [Normal serum levels of IgE in inhabitants of Pordenone]. PMID- 7244091 TI - [Critical analysis of the radioimmunological methods of determining creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), myoglobin (MG) and of LDH (H4) in ischemic cardiopathy]. AB - We have studied 135 subjects of whom 100 were normal individuals; 10 with diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI); 10 with angina pectoris; 10 undergoing cardiac catheterism; 5 who underwent open heart surgery. To verify the radioimmunoassay usefulness of CPK cardiac isoenzyme (CK-RIA), of lactate dehydrogenase [LDH (H4)], of myoglobin (MG) in the diagnosis of ischemic disease, we have determined for serum samples: LDH (H4) by radioimmunoassay and HBDH by biochemical assay; CK by biochemical assay; CK-MB by biochemical and radioimmunological assay; MG by radioimmunoassay. The results indicate MG as a sensitive marker for the diagnosis of AMI. In fact serial serum determinations in patients with AMI showed myoglobin levels in 60% of the cases within 1 h after the onset of pain. The CK-RIA is the most sensitive test to evaluate infarct size and LDH (H4) conditioned by the amount of intracellular lactate is an useful test to evaluate myocardial anoxia. PMID- 7244087 TI - [Proposed method for the determination of secretory IgA in rectal ampulla and sigmoid lavage fluids]. PMID- 7244093 TI - Urine T3 radioimmunoassay. Quantitative studies of urinary T3 excretion in normal humans. PMID- 7244092 TI - [Critical analysis of the 2-hour test in mass screenings for the early detection of diabetes]. AB - Out of 500 random trial subjects, taken for a mass-screening for early detection of diabetes mellitus, the Authors tried a correlation between the reliability of the "two-hour test" and the 2 h OGTT. The latter method provides more reliable results, allowing us to diagnose a high percentage of cases which is not possible if the simple two-hour test were used. Research of glycosuria in the course of OGTT did not show any real reliability, whereas it did prove useful in the preliminary phase of our research in order to distinguish the subjects for whom a deeper investigation would be advisable. PMID- 7244094 TI - [Routine examinations for the evaluation of thrombotic risk]. AB - The objective of our research was to align to the PAT Breddin system other routine analysis. With this procedure we intend to have, further indications on eventual pre-thrombotic situations. We have passed through examination 85 subjects: 30 as negative subjects, 55 as potential positive pre-thrombotic. The 85 subjects were passed through the PAT Breddin analysis system and the biological research of the antithrombin III, the antiplasmin and the dissolution of the coagulum. The result was satisfactory, in order to allow us to verify that utilising more research parameters we will have a more complete picture of the individual thrombosis tendency. PMID- 7244097 TI - [Management of data in the microbiological laboratory. Experience with the Olivetti TES 501 system]. AB - The Authors note their experience of dealing with data in a microbiology laboratory using the Olivetti TES 501 system. This system permits a rational organisation of the work programme, from writing out the work sheets, simultaneous type-out of results, filing, to the possibility of rapid consultation of records, etc. According to the Authors, however, its most important function is the possibility of being able to obtain the read-out of the infective position of each ward in the hospital very easily and rapidly, which makes it possible to adopt an effective antibiotic policy. PMID- 7244095 TI - [Discriminatory analysis applied to bromsulphalein (BSF) kinetics: its use in the differential diagnosis of post-alcoholic chronic hepatopathies]. AB - Plasma disappearance rate of sulfobromophthalein (BSF), a second stage diagnostic methodology for hepatic illness, has been widely used in testing functional derangement of chronic alcoholic liver disease. However kinetics parameters show wide range of values so it is difficult, in the single patient, to make a reliable differential diagnosis between chronic alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis, by this mean. The Author using BSF kinetics parameters calculated a discriminatory function which allows to assess the nosography of alcoholic hepatic affection with a low grade of mistake in the single patient; the suppose that this function improve the sensitivity of BSF plasma disappearance rate and make this second stage procedure more useful in testing chronic alcoholic liver diseases. PMID- 7244096 TI - [Serum bile acids in acute hepatitis. Clinical observations]. AB - Diagnostic and prognostic significance of total bile acids concentrations has been evaluated in 26 patients with acute viral hepatitis. The levels of fasting and post-prandial blood cholates have been compared with the values found in normal subjects, in 20 patients with extrahepatic pathology and in 10 cases of non-viral icteric diseases. A remarkable rise in serum bile acids concentration has been showed in acute stage of hepatitis; the level of cholates is significantly higher in cholangitic jaundice, but difference is not found in respect of patients with extrahepatic cholestasis. The improvement of disease decreases the serum bile acids concentration; the decrease going on at the same rate of serum transaminases lowering but preceding the serum bilirubin one. No difference was found between fasting and post-prandial blood cholates. In conclusion, serum bile acids concentration has no diagnostic value in hepatitis, nevertheless it seems an useful test for monitoring the course of the hepatitic disease. PMID- 7244098 TI - [Comparative evaluation of several methods of determining anti-streptolysin O]. AB - The Authors have carried out some experiences on four tests for the detection of anti O streptolysin, determining in 210 samples of sera: 1. the antistreptolysin titer according to Rantz and Randall; 2. the antistreptolysin titer according to the latex reaction; 3. five different antistreptococcal antibodies (ASO, ASK, ASHA, ADN-aseB, NAD-ase) with a rapid multi-purpose test for a simultaneous detection; 4. the antistreptolysin titer according to Aso Quantum method. The results obtained on the 210 samples of sera were compared. The relationship between the four methods were examined. PMID- 7244100 TI - [Influence of pyridoxal phosphate and temperature of execution on reference distribution of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244099 TI - [Further observations on the use of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) on cellulose acetate membrane (Cellogel) in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (author's transl)]. AB - Technique of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) on cellulose acetate membrane (Cellogel) is described for diagnosis of (human and canine) visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Various lots of antigen were grossly obtained from the liquid phase (10, 20 and 30 tubes respectively) of cultures of Leishmania donovani by repeated freezing and thawing. Sera from patients (and, in a few cases, dogs) with confirmed VL, other parasitic and non-parastic diseases (especially blood disorders and hepatosplenomegaly) and from blood donors were tested. Positive results were obtained in 91-93% (according to various lots) of the patients with VL. All sera from infected dogs gave positive results. No precipitin lines were detected in the control sera. Antigens from 30 (or 20 tubes) showed better results with regard to the evidence of the precipitin lines. Clarity of the precipitin bands appears to be in relation to: 1. the protein concentration of the antigens; 2. the antibody levels of the sera. CIEP on cellulose acetate membrane combine the features of good sensitivity, specificity and speed of performance and appear available for use also in epidemiological research. PMID- 7244101 TI - [Incidence and antibiotic-sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria in the urinary infections (author's transl)]. AB - Urinary tract infections due to low-grade pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria show an increasing prevalence. The frequency of isolation from urinary samples of some of these pathogens (Alcaligenes, Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Providencia, Serratia) was detected in a group of adult patients. The role of local and systemic predisposing factors was investigated. These bacterial agents accounted for 21% of 1,354 isolated strains. Systemic predisposing factors were found in most patients. Moreover, a high proportion of the isolates was found in the urinary samples of patients receiving prolonged antibacterial therapy. Sensitivity to several antibacterial drugs was examined for each strain. A high degree of drug resistance was commonly found. PMID- 7244102 TI - Proteinuria in glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7244105 TI - [The determination of antistreptolysin O antibodies: introduction of a variant for the use with blood samples in the Aso Quantum Sclavo method]. PMID- 7244103 TI - [Evaluation of the antistreptolysin antibody titer with a new method, correlated with other antistreptococcal antibodies]. AB - The Authors have compared two methods (the new Aso Quantum method and the Rantz Randall traditional method) for the assay of ASO antibodies testing about 2,000 blood samples in out laboratory. Particularly, the data of one hundred of these cases were correlated also to the values of the Streptozyme test, and other parameters of the rheumatology diagnostics. The Authors, considering the final data, think this new method can be applied successfully in the routine of a laboratory. PMID- 7244104 TI - [Binding capacity of albumin: comparison of the chromatographic method and electrophoretic method]. AB - In the present study we intended to prove the reliability of the electrophoretic method proposed by Athanassiadis et al. [2] for the detection of the bilirubin binding capacity in the sera of icteric newborns, comparing it with the chromatographic method. 35 sera, in which the value of the bilirubin was included between 5 and 20 mg/dl, with a distribution of values of bilirubin binding capacity between 0 and 16 mg/dl, had been examined. The results obtained proved a perfect agreement between these two methods: the Authors prefer the electrophretic method, because it consents a more exact estimation of the bilirubin binding capacity of the serum. PMID- 7244106 TI - [Separation of human red blood cells of differing mean age: a method for small volumes of blood (author's transl)]. AB - Human red blood cells have been separated into five fractions of differing mean ages by centrifugation through a density gradient of Ficoll-Triosil layers. The procedure is carried out on 0.3-0.6 ml packed erythrocytes, with good reproducibility and significant difference among the fractions. The separation is achieved using small ultracentrifuge rotors of common use, at 37,000 g. The enzymatic activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) is estimated to test the difference in the mean age of the isolated fractions. PMID- 7244109 TI - [Detection of HBsAg by inverse hemagglutination]. AB - The Authors present the actual knowledge about the hepatitis B associated antigen (HBsAg) and the now more used methodics for detection of its surface component (HBsAg); consequently they present the results of a screening executed between january 1976 and december 1979, directed to research the HBsAg into sera of 655 patients affected by various diseases, particularly liver diseases, using the reverse haemoagglutination test. With this technique, that is of very easy and rapid performance, together with a good sensibility (even though it gives a rather important deal of feigned positivity, yet these can be voidable by means of an adsorption test) the Authors have totally acquired a 8.7% of positive cases for HBsAg (with a majority of patients affected by liver diseases) and a 1.2% chronic carriers for this antigen. PMID- 7244108 TI - [Hbeag/Anti-hbe system and other markers for hepatitis b in a dialysis unit (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors study with radioimmunoassay for detection of HBeAg, anti-HBc, anti HBs, anti-HBe, 22 patients on regular dialysis treatment, 41 their familiars, 10 staff dialysis unit members and 16 their familiars. There was found sure correlation between in the mean type presence of HBsAG and HBeAg and risk of infectious hepatitis B. The presence of the "e" antibody has not always protective significance and was stressed the importance of non parenteral virus transmission. PMID- 7244112 TI - [Screening method to detect bacteriuria by bioluminescent adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) assay]. PMID- 7244107 TI - [Evaluation of the coagglutination method for the identification of beta haemolytic streptococci. (author's transl)]. AB - In order to evaluate comparatively the methods so for available for the identification of beta-haemolytic streptococci, the following tests were carried out on 120 strains recently isolated from clinical materials: bacitracin-test, precipitation and coagglutination methods. The results obtained indicated a poor reliability of the bacitracin test, even if only restricted to the identification of the group A streptococci, as opposed to the good reliability of coagglutination and precipitation methods, which allow the identification either of group A or groups B, C and G, the latter well know to the often involved in infectious diseases. Evidences so far obtained point to the coagglutination method as the most suitable for routine diagnostic and furthermore stress the rapidity and the facility of its use. PMID- 7244113 TI - [Automated direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of urine specimens]. AB - Two microscopical screening methods have been used to assay the suitability of urine samples for automated direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the means of a "MS-2 Microbiology System" apparatus. Gram stained smears showed if specimens were monomicrobic and fresh-mount bacterioscopy gave information about presumptive counts to establish inoculum size. The results obtained by the automated method have been compared with those of the direct disk diffusion method and the classical Stokes method on a single isolated colony. The three systems were reliable and only 7% of specimens gave major discrepancies and 15% minor errors. The influence of each antibiotic drug and of each bacterial species on the discrepancies has been discussed. Direct susceptibility testing by MS-2 seems to be accurate and in the same time so fast (5-6 h vs. 18-24 h) to appear very useful in the rational guide of chemotherapy in the more severe UTI. PMID- 7244111 TI - [Changes in the serum protein picture in viral hepatitis. III. Evaluation of immunoglobulins]. AB - Serum IgG, IgA and IgM were determined sequentially during the first four weeks of illness in 30 patients suffering from acute viral hepatitis. Initially increased levels of IgM, and to a lower extent of IgG were the most characteristic findings. Two patients showed increased levels of IgA. The determination of immunoglobulins is not contributory to the diagnosis of viral hepatitis, though it may have a significant value in detecting the activity of the disease. PMID- 7244110 TI - [Changes of the serum protein picture in viral hepatitis. I. Evaluation of protein synthesis]. PMID- 7244114 TI - [Evaluation of creatinine clearance in pediatric patients, excluding determination of creatininuria]. AB - Here is presented a practical method for predicting creatinine clearance for pediatric patients from serum creatinine concentration and patients age without collection 24 h urine. Creatinine excretion rate (ER) can be predicted from the patients age, in years, by the formula: ER = (0.0463 x age) + 0.4049. Creatinine clearance can be predicted using the predicted excretion rate and serum creatinine concentration. There was a correlation (r = 0.66) between predicted and observed creatinine clearance in 101 subjects. This method allows renal function to be rapidly estimated. PMID- 7244115 TI - [Bone scintiscanning in the diagnosis and follow-up of breast carcinoma]. AB - Bone scans with Tc + 99m phosphate were performed in 87 patients with histological diagnosis of breast cancer, in order to evaluate whether this technique was suitable in detecting small metastasis both at first staging and in follow-up. The scans were considered as: a) "malignant", when an isotope uptake in usually inactive sites and/or an increased uptake in normally active areas were demonstrated; b) "equivocal", when the uptake in normally inactive and/or in normally active sites was only moderately increased; c) "benign", when only slight uptake increase in normally active structures was detectable. The scans have been carried out before or soon after mastectomy (early scans), and repeated at 6 month intervals (N+ patients and/or malignant or equivocal scans) or at 12 month intervals. A significantly greater incidence of malignant scans was observed in stages 2 and 3 as compared to stage 1, and in stage 4 as compared to all the other stages, as well as in premenopause versus postmenopause patients. PMID- 7244116 TI - Increased radioresistance of cells in cultured multicell spheroids. I. Dependence on cellular interaction. AB - Monolayers of six different cell lines were investigated with respect to ionic coupling using micro-electrode techniques. In parallel, survival after Co-gamma irradiation of monolayer- and spheroid cultures of these lines was compared. It was found that spheroids of coupled cell lines were more radioresistant than monolayers ("contact effect"). however, cell coupling did not enhance the survival of monolayers over single cells. This suggests that the contact effect is a "tissue phenomenon" requiring cellular interaction but is expressed only under conditions of three-dimensional growth. PMID- 7244118 TI - Induction of micronuclei in bean roots by 250 GeV hadrons. PMID- 7244119 TI - Experimental limitations in microdosimetry measurements using the variance technique. AB - Microdosimetry measurements give information about the energy imparted to a volume of given size. With the most frequent method only data for object sizes above 0.2 micrograms are obtainable. Although restricted to the dose mean values, the variance technique can, however, be applied to objects sizes an order of magnitude less. In this report some limiting parameters for this technique are discussed and results down to about 20 nm in a 60Co gamma-ray beam are reported. the resulting data exceed earlier reported values at objects size below 0.1 microgram, but are in good agreement for larger object sizes. PMID- 7244120 TI - Ultrasonic hysteresis in biological media. AB - Non-linear mechanical response of viscoelastic strain responding media to high amplitude stress-strain is examined from a phenomenological point of view and found to lead to results compatible with empirical observations of high intensity ultrasound irradiation of brain, liver, and eye lens tissues. The proposed hysteresis model provides for most of the observed dependencies such as an intensity dependent absorption coefficient, an absorption coefficient increasing linearly with frequency, and a dispersionless velocity of ultrasound in soft tissues (excluding lung). The non-linear compliance of tissues further predicts production of half-harmonic signals even in the absence of cavitation. PMID- 7244117 TI - The radiation-induced inactivation of microorganisms in non-aqueous suspension: The effect of selected alcohols and paraffins on the radiation sensitivity of aerated Bacillus pumilus spores. AB - The effect of model compounds comprising alcohols and paraffins on the radiation sensitivity of B pumilus spores has been carried out with the aim of understanding the radiation-induced inactivation of microorganisms when suspended in non-aqueous medium. This study is a prerequisite to the undertaking of radiation sterilization of non-aqueous pharmaceuticals. Spores of B. pumilus E601 mounted on kaolin powder were suspended in the appropriate organic agent and gamma irradiated under oxic conditions. Spores suspended in paraffins displayed increased radiation response over that for aerated buffered suspensions. Values of inactivation constant ranged between 2X and 5X for that buffer. Less pronounced modification of response was obtained for the alcohols. The results reveal a marked tendency for response to increase with decreasing polarity of the suspending fluid. The partial miscibility of the alcohols in water enabled the examining of the transition from the response characteristic of aerated buffered suspensions to those of the spores in pure organic liquids. PMID- 7244121 TI - Influence of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on enzyme activity. PMID- 7244122 TI - Radiation, adriamycin, and skin reactions: effects of radiation and drug fractionation, hyperthermia, and tetracycline. PMID- 7244123 TI - Modification of gamma-irradiation-induced change in myoglobin by alpha mercaptopropionylglycine and its related compounds and the formation of sulfmyoglobin. PMID- 7244125 TI - The application of rapid-lysis techniques in radiobiology. IV. The effect of glycerol and DMSO on Chinese hamster cell survival and DNA single-strand break production. PMID- 7244124 TI - Chronic exposure of rats to 100-MHz (CW) radiofrequency radiation: assessment of biological effects. PMID- 7244126 TI - Lifetime studies of 226Ra and 90Sr toxicity in beagles--a status report. PMID- 7244129 TI - Life shortening in mice exposed to fission neutrons and gamma rays I. Single and short-term fractionated exposures. PMID- 7244130 TI - Life shortening in mice exposed to fission neutrons and gamma rays II. Duration of-life and long-term fractionated exposures. PMID- 7244127 TI - Biological effects of accelerated heavy ions. I. Single doses in normal tissue, tumors, and cells in vitro. PMID- 7244131 TI - Normal rejoining of DNA strand breaks in ataxia telangiectasia fibroblast lines after low x-ray exposure. PMID- 7244128 TI - Biological effects of accelerated heavy ions. II. Fractionated irradiation of intestinal crypt cells. PMID- 7244133 TI - The elderly in care: problems and challenges. PMID- 7244132 TI - The over-eighties - a new explosion in care. Health prospects for the old. PMID- 7244134 TI - Health monitoring in industry: medical considerations. PMID- 7244136 TI - Public response to nuclear power. PMID- 7244135 TI - Public risk frm industrial technology. PMID- 7244137 TI - Risks in marketing organic chemicals. PMID- 7244138 TI - Accident control. PMID- 7244139 TI - "Feeding the motorist". PMID- 7244140 TI - Dietary goals--past and present. PMID- 7244141 TI - Design to avoid infestation in the home. PMID- 7244142 TI - An exercise in feral pigeon trapping. PMID- 7244143 TI - Post-natal care in hospital: a new look. PMID- 7244144 TI - Nosocomial infections--problems in a developing country: nosocomial infections in Southern Iran. PMID- 7244145 TI - The use of radio broadcasts in the prevention of food poisoning outbreaks. PMID- 7244147 TI - [Induction of hormonally dependent tumors by small amounts of curium-244]. PMID- 7244148 TI - [Conditions for using thyroxine as an antimutagen after whole-body x-ray irradiation]. PMID- 7244146 TI - [Role of the lipid component in the mechanism of postradiation supramolecular DNA degradation and repair in the rat thymus and liver. 1. Changes in the total lipid content of supramolecular DNA in relation to time after the gamma irradiation of rats]. PMID- 7244151 TI - [Specificity of the ultrastructural changes in rat cardiomyocytes after local gamma irradiation and hypokinesia]. PMID- 7244150 TI - [Hempoietic changes in mice in the process of long-term tritium oxide administration]. PMID- 7244149 TI - [Effect of synthetic adjuvants on the biological activity of spleen proteins]. PMID- 7244152 TI - [Bone marrow lesion in prolonged gamma irradiation of various dosage intensities]. PMID- 7244154 TI - [Cytofluormetric analysis of the DNA and DNP hypophyseal cells as affected by low ionizing radiation doses in embryogenesis]. PMID- 7244153 TI - [Action of ionizing radiation on the phosphoryltion of aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases from the rat liver]. PMID- 7244155 TI - [Postradiation recovery of the bone marrow in partial irradiation]. PMID- 7244156 TI - [Role of endogenous glutathione in the radioprotective effect of anoxia]. PMID- 7244158 TI - [Dose and time dependence of radiation death in the Central Asian tortoise (Testudo horsfieldi) in the fall-winter period]. PMID- 7244160 TI - [Critical radiation dose intensity values for the development of the intestinal form of radiation sickness in mice]. PMID- 7244157 TI - [Role of thymus cells in spleen colony formation. 4. Endotoxin recovery of the colony-forming capacity of bone marrow cells treated with an antibrain serum]. PMID- 7244159 TI - [Combined action of ionizing and microwave radiation on rats]. PMID- 7244163 TI - [Modification of chromosomal radiation damage in barley by a mixture of sodium chloride and sodium citrate]. PMID- 7244162 TI - [Effect of organophosphorus complexons on the acceleration of 239Pu elimination from the body of the rat]. PMID- 7244161 TI - [Effect of injury on DNP breakdown in the thymus of irradiated rats]. PMID- 7244165 TI - [Clinical studies on the problem of pre- and postirradiation of malignant renal tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244167 TI - [Results of fractionation optimization of tumours of the bladder in homogeneous patient collectives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244164 TI - [The treatment of patients with lymphogranulomatosis with the gamma-ray therapeutic unit "Rokus" with the aid of a radiotherapeutical radical program in a large-field variant (clinical and dosimetrical aspects) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244166 TI - [The role of computer tomography for the irradiation planning of urorenal tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244168 TI - [Results of conventional post-irradiation of breast neoplasms. I. Effect of anamnestic factors on survival time]. PMID- 7244169 TI - [Results of conventional post-irradiation of breast neoplasms. II: Effect of therapeutic factors on survival time]. PMID- 7244172 TI - [Mechanism of circulatory disorders in the wall of the small intestine and their role in the development of the intestinal syndrome]. PMID- 7244171 TI - [Investigations for the quantitative detection of pulmonary fibrosis as late damages following the effects of fast neutron and 60Co-gamma-radiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244170 TI - [Results of conventional post-irradiation of breast neoplasms. III. Effect of recurrence and metastasis on survival time]. PMID- 7244173 TI - [Modification of some parameters of humoral and cellular immunity in the therapy of thyrotoxicosis with radioiodine]. PMID- 7244174 TI - [Possible ways for the directed regulation of cerebral gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism in local irradiation of the head (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244175 TI - [Use of computer tomography in planning irradiation. 1. Comparison of thorax cross sections]. PMID- 7244176 TI - [The double monitor system for betatron 500 A Part III: Double monitor system and pendulum irradiations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244178 TI - [Recommendations for efficient nuclear medicine diagnosis in nephro-urology]. PMID- 7244182 TI - [Persistence of embryonic branchial arch arteries together with other vascular abnormalities -- summary of 14 primary arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244180 TI - [Angiographic and nuclear medical diagnosis of traumatic intracerebral changes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244183 TI - [Critical consideration of the radiological diagnosis of the pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244181 TI - [The angiographic picture of surgically established anastomoses between the external and the internal carotid artery in cerebrovascular processes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244177 TI - [Recommendations for efficient nuclear medicine thyroid diagnosis]. PMID- 7244179 TI - [Differential diagnosis of the avascular intracranial extracerebral space]. PMID- 7244184 TI - [Preoperative radiological diagnosis of iatrogenic choledochal lesions by means of ERC and PTC (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244185 TI - [Retrograde pancreas cholangiography in the radiological aspect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244186 TI - [On the angiographic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of trauma sequences in the hepatic area (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244187 TI - [The radioendoscopic pictures of "complete" and "incomplete" gastric erosions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244188 TI - [On the lymphography of primary lymphangiopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244189 TI - [The radiological diagnosis of the respiratory function for extrathoracic types of lymphogranulomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244191 TI - Variability of spondylo-metaphyseal dysplasia, common type. PMID- 7244190 TI - Arteriographic studies in delayed-union and non-union of fractures. PMID- 7244193 TI - [Valuation of external data stores and output devices for the documentation and keeping in archives in computer tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244195 TI - [Radiation exposure with intraoperative radiological examinations for nephrolithotomy with the X-ray equipment Siemens Renodor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244194 TI - [Comparison of diagnostical information value of tomograph and zonography in disseminated pulmonary diseases by means of ROC curves (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244192 TI - [On the radiation exposure of children with fluoroscopy with and without automatic control of the dose rate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244196 TI - [Studies on the determination of tracer elements in bones by means of neutron activation analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244199 TI - [Cervical functional myelography with amipaque (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244197 TI - [Determination of the probability of lymphogenous metastases. 1. Methodological problems in the determination of the probability of metastases]. PMID- 7244198 TI - [Value of tomodensitometry in the evaluation of cranio-cerebral injuries]. PMID- 7244200 TI - [The statement value of axial computer tomography for urorenal diseases compared to conventional radiological methods of examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244202 TI - [Possible representations of fractures of the maxillofacial region in orthopantomogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244201 TI - [Primary pulmonary carcinoma with secondary pneumonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244204 TI - [Results of pneumocystography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244203 TI - Diastrophic dwarfism. PMID- 7244205 TI - [Electroradiographic diagnosis of the breast using the devices ERGA-MT and ERGA MP (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244208 TI - [On a further development of the classical photofluorography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244206 TI - Compartment models for 131I-Rose Bengal kinetics: their diagnostic role in two liver diseases. PMID- 7244207 TI - Radioisotope method for measurement of coronary blood flow. PMID- 7244209 TI - [On the influence of different densities on the diagnostic quality of chest X rays (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244210 TI - The clinical usefulness of routine coronal and sagittal reconstructions in cranial computed tomography. AB - In order to test a hypothesis that the routine use of one midsagittal and four preselected coronal reconstruction images would disclose lesions unsuspected on standard cranial computed tomography (CT) scans, 204 patient examinations were subjected to such multiplanar reconstruction manipulation; the original CT diagnoses, reconstruction diagnoses, and final clinical diagnoses were compared. The two CT diagnoses agreed in 144 cases. Lesions well shown on the standard CT examination were not seen on the reconstruction images in 23 cases (11% of the total), and reconstruction revealed brainstem or cerebellar atrophy not detected on standard CT in 37 cases (18% of the total). Applications of these findings to daily neuroradiologic practice are suggested. PMID- 7244212 TI - The radiographic anatomy of surgical extracranial-intracranial anastomoses. AB - Microvascular surgical techniques have been developed that allow anastomosis between extracranial arteries and cortical branches of intracranial arteries distal to a stenotic, occluded, or diseased arterial segment. Indications for this procedure other than cerebrovascular occlusive disease are discussed. The radiographic anatomy of the various surgical bypasses is described. PMID- 7244211 TI - Fact or artifact: an analysis of artifact in high-resolution computed tomographic scanning of the sella. AB - Computed tomography (CT) artifacts within the sella turcica, associated with the bones of the skull base, were identified and examined by use of a human skull phantom immersed in water. These artifacts were identified in 63% of 27 clinical high-resolution CT scans performed on patients with suspected sellar or parasellar pathology. Intrasellar artifacts may be minimized or eliminated by careful choice of scanning plane. Identification and elimination of intrasellar CT artifacts are necessary for accurate interpretation of sellar image. PMID- 7244213 TI - Prolonged brain retention of contrast agent in neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis. AB - A neonate with herpes simplex encephalitis type 2 manifested progressively increasing density of the gray matter on serial computed tomographic scans. Postmortem examination of the brain proved the cause of the increased density to be a high concentration of iodine that had been retained following the intravenous administration of sodium diatrizoate 25 and 16 days previously. This demonstrates that a water-soluble iodinated contrast agent or its iodine component may be retained in the brain for a prolonged period of time. It is recommended that such agents be avoided when possible in neonates with herpes simplex encephalitis. PMID- 7244215 TI - Computed tomography of multilocular cystic nephroma. AB - Three cases of multilocular cystic nephroma (MNC) tht were demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) are described. In two cases a correct preoperative diagnosis was made. In the third case, however, the mass did not fit exactly the histologic criteria for MCN. MCN appears on CT scans as a well-marginated, rounded, or polycyclic cortical mass that extends beyond the normal renal outline. This mass contains cysts that vary in size and number. It may be a cluster of a few large cysts with thick walls and septa, or it may be a denser mass composed of tiny cysts. This CT pattern is suggestive of MCN, but is not sufficient to obviate surgery. However, as part of a complete preoperative evaluation including arteriography, CT provides information that may be valuable in limiting the surgical procedure, perhaps avoiding unnecessary nephrectomy. PMID- 7244214 TI - Correlation of computed tomography and nephrography in quantitative comparison of urographic contrast agents. AB - The use of computed tomography (CT) to estimate the differences in radiographic contrast obtainable with different contrast agents is discussed. A CT scanner was calibrated to measure the in vivo iodine concentration, and phantom studies were performed to derive the relationship between iodine concentration and resultant radiographic contrast in the kidneys. The technique is illustrated by a quantitative comparison of the nephrographic phase in dogs with two urographic contrast agents, sodium iothalamate and sodium ioxaglate. PMID- 7244216 TI - Computed tomographic evaluation of laryngeal neoplasms. AB - Nineteen patients with laryngeal lesions each underwent diagnostic studies consisting of laryngoscopy and computed tomography (CT). Sixteen patients had linear tomography and coronal and sagittal reconstruction of their transaxial CT images. The results of each examination were compared with the surgical and pathological findings to assess their relative value. The results confirmed previous reports of the accuracy and value of transaxial CT and direct laryngoscopy, but indicated that coronal and sagittal reconstruction as well as linear tomography added no significant information. PMID- 7244217 TI - Computed tomographic diagnosis of volvulus in intestinal malrotation. AB - The computed tomographic appearance of volvulus in intestinal malrotation in an adult is presented. The small-bowel loops encircling the superior mesenteric artery create a whirl-like pattern that may be distinctive for this diagnosis. PMID- 7244218 TI - Comparison of real-time and gray-scale static ultrasonic cholecystography. AB - The authors compared the diagnostic accuracy of gray-scale static scanning and high-resolution real-time ultrasonography in the evaluation of gallbladder disease in 339 patients. With real-time scanning, the gallbladder was seen in 97.6% of cases and gallstones were unequivocally demonstrated in 94.5% of patients with cholelithiasis, compared to 89.5% and 78.8%, respectively, with static scanning. Real-time scanning is more accurate because it can show the contracted, stone-filled gallbladder. It is also faster and more convenient to both patient and examiner, making it the procedure of choice in the primary evaluation of gallbladder disease. PMID- 7244220 TI - Rapid change in caliber of the nonobstructed common duct. AB - A case of a postcholecystectomy patient is presented in which an initially grossly dilated common hepatic duct returned to normal size within several minutes. We have tried to explain this phenomenon using known facts abut bile duct elasticity and bile flow, and conclude that such rapid size change probably only occurs in those patients without a normally functioning gallbladder. PMID- 7244219 TI - Ultrasonography and indium 111 white blood cell scanning for the detection of intraabdominal abscesses. AB - Ultrasound and indium 111 white blood cell scanning were performed on 163 patients with suspected intraabdominal abscesses. In all but one case, intraabdominal abscesses were correctly identified by one or both tests; conversely, no patient was falsely diagnosed by both tests to have an abscess. Sonography was useful in those patients with focal symptoms, and frequently identified nonabscess causes for fever. White cell scanning was valuable when focal signs were absent, and frequently identified extraabdominal sources of sepsis. The two imaging modalities are complementary and provide a highly accurate and sensitive means of intraabdominal abscess detection. PMID- 7244221 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of fetal limb growth. AB - Biparietal diameter and femoral and humeral length were measured by ultrasonography and correlated with age in 450 normal pregnancies. The resulting data may be helpful in detecting fetal limb malformation. PMID- 7244223 TI - Plasma-cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes: the POEMS syndrome. Distinctive radiographic abnormalities. AB - Three patients with an unusual multisystemic syndrome characterized by polyneuropathy, organomegaly *especially hepatosplenomegaly), endocrine dysfunction, M-protein, and skin abnormalities (POEMS syndrome) are discussed. Characteristic radiographic features include single or multiple osteosclerotic lesions and peculiar variety of bony proliferation. The relationship of the disorder to multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma and the pathogenesis of the skeletal abnormalities remain obscure. PMID- 7244224 TI - Reverse redistribution: worsening of thallium-201 myocardial images from exercise to redistribution. AB - Reverse redistribution (RR) i.e., worsening of images from exercise to redistribution, was noted in 21 (7%) of 300 consecutive thallium-201 (201TI) exercise and redistribution myocardial imaging studies. In 13, there were reversible defects consistent with ischemia in addition to redistribution defects. Twenty RR defects were noted in 15 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization; 9 had triple, 4 had double and 2 had single vessel coronary artery disease. Seventeen (85%) of the RR defects were in the distribution of severely diseased vessels; 8 with 100% occlusion and 9 with 90-99% stenosis. The remainder were associated with 50-60% stenoses. Ten RR areas (50%) were supplied by collateral vessels and 3 (15%) by bypass grafts. Fourteen of the 18 (78%) areas studied with left ventriculography were associated with abnormally contracting segments. These results suggest that RR is a marker for significant coronary artery disease. PMID- 7244225 TI - Detection of deep venous thrombophlebitis by gallium 67 scintigraphy. AB - Deep venous thrombophlebitis may escape clinical detection. Three cases are reported in which whole-body gallium 67 scintigraphy was used to detect unsuspected deep venous thrombophlebitis related to indwelling catheters in three children who were being evaluated for fevers of unknown origin. Two of these children had septicemia from Candida organisms secondary to these venous lines. Gallium 67 scintigraphy may be useful in the detection of complications of indwelling venous catheters. PMID- 7244226 TI - Probability models in the analysis of radiation-related complications: utility and limitations. AB - In order to predict radiation-related enteric damage, 92 women were studied who had received identical radiation doses for cancer of the ovary from 1970 through 1977. A logistic model was used to predict the probability of complication as a function of number of laparotomies, hypertension, and thin physique. The utility and limitations of such probability models are presented. PMID- 7244222 TI - Distribution and dosimetry of 111In-labeled platelets. AB - The distribution of 111In-labeled platelets was studied in five young, healthy men. The radioactivity in the lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, and testes was determined from areas-of-interest in computed gamma-camera scans at intervals up to 75 hours after injection. After the first four hours, the activity in each organ studied except the liver and kidney decreased at roughly the physical decay rate. In the liver and kidney, the curves were relatively flat, indicating continued accumulation of the radiotracer. The calculated mean radiation absorbed dose per unit administered activity was 0.60 +/- 0.07 rad/mCi (0.16 +/- 0.02 Gy/GBq) for the total body, and was 34 +/- 6 rad/mCi (9.0 +/- 1.5 Gy/GBq) for the spleen. PMID- 7244228 TI - A comparison of carbon-fiber and aluminum front plates in rapid film changers. AB - The radiation transmission characteristics of 2-mm-thick aluminum front plates and 2-mm-thick carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic front plates for rapid film changers were compared. While the carbon-fiber plates were found to be intrinsically more radiolucent than the aluminum plates, the decrease in patient exposure with the carbon-fiber plates was only approximately 25%. No measurable differences in image quality were observed in carefully controlled experiments on the two types of front plates. PMID- 7244229 TI - Focal-spot separation in stereoscopic magnification radiography. AB - Mathematical formulas relating focal-spot separation to various geometric factors in magnification radiography are presented. Focal-spot separation is closely related to the magnification factor, focal-spot/film distance, viewing distance, and object size. When the viewing distance is equal to the focal-spot/film distance, separation is inversely proportional to magnification. PMID- 7244227 TI - Radiotherapy of bronchogenic carcinoma. Analysis of a treatment schedule designed for use with hyperbaric oxygen. AB - All cases of bronchogenic carcinoma treated with curative intent over an eight year period were reviewed. Most were treated with 12 X 400 rad in 32 days using 60Co, a schedule designed to optimize the radiation-sensitizing properties of hyperbaric oxygen. While O2 gave no obvious benefit, overall four-year survival was 10.6% and that of patients with good prognostic indicators was 18%. No radiation myelitis was observed. This protocol delivers an adequate tumor dose and appears to be tolerated well by most patients. PMID- 7244231 TI - Quality assurance of electron-beam energy using an aluminum wedge. AB - An aluminum wedge was designed to facilitate evaluation of the constancy of high energy electron teletherapy beams (6-18 MeV). Ready-packed film was exposed with the wedge on top, and optical density distribution was recorded with a scanning densitometer. Energy-dependent statistics were obtained using the practical-range extrapolation method. The procedure takes approximately 15 minutes and requires less than one minute of therapy machine time. Repeated daily measurements on a medical linear accelerator at 12 MeV showed a variation of +/- 0.37 MeV (3 sigma). This technique has proved useful for prompt machine evaluation following malfunctions and has been incorporated into routine quality assurance testing. PMID- 7244232 TI - Percutaneous removal of a biliary stone impacted in a cystic duct remnant. AB - Occasionally, percutaneous removal of retained biliary stones may be difficult in patients with unusual anatomic configurations. The authors describe a procedure used in the removal of an impacted stone retained in a long cystic duct remnant. PMID- 7244230 TI - Hypertension associated with massive, bilateral, posture-dependent renal dysfunction. AB - Hippurate function scintiscans were obtained in prone and standing positions in a group of 76 patients with concurrent hypertension and nephroptosis. TWelve of these patients had massive, bilateral disturbance of intrarenal hippurate transport in the standing position; hippurate transport was normal in the prone position. This pattern was present in only three of 120 normotensive patients with nephroptosis. To investigate the importance of nephroptosis, 87 other hypertensive patients were examined. Eighteen of these patients demonstrated posture-dependent tubular dysfunction, but only four had nephroptosis. The results suggest a direct relationship between bilateral posture-dependent tubular dysfunction and hypertension. PMID- 7244234 TI - A new exchange guide wire for transluminal angioplasty. AB - The authors describe the use of a new guide wire which reduces complications during catheter exchange and stenotic dilatation while performing transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 7244233 TI - Post-localization needle for breast biopsy of nonpalpable lesions. AB - The use of a post-localization needle which can be palpated during percutaneous localization of nonpalpable breast lesions is described. No difficulties or complications resulted when utilizing the needle in five patients. PMID- 7244235 TI - Improved lighting techniques for reproducing radiographs on 35-mm rapid-process copy film. AB - A view box with blue fluorescent tubes was constructed to decrease exposure time when using 35-mm rapid-process copy film to photograph radiographs and other transparencies. The device reduced exposure time by 70%. PMID- 7244236 TI - Carbon-fiber materials in radiology. AB - While cassettes, table tops, and film changers made of carbon fiber have been recommended by many authors, there is controversy as to whether the advantages of the new materials outweigh the marked increase in cost. Carbon-fiber materials transmit more lower-energy radiations; thus a lower mAs can be used, which in turn permits a reduction of 15-30% in exposure time. However, x-ray transmission under actual clinical conditions has not been as good as originally hoped. PMID- 7244237 TI - Sequential computed tomography scans in acute cerebral infarction. PMID- 7244238 TI - The patellofemoral joint. PMID- 7244239 TI - Computed tomography of the spleen. PMID- 7244240 TI - Control of massive hemoptysis by embolization of intercostal arteries. PMID- 7244241 TI - Gastric ulcer scars. AB - Gastric ulcer scars, which imply previous peptic ulcer disease, are visible with moderate frequency during double-contrast examinations. This article investigates the radiographic appearance of gastric ulcer scars and the frequency of their occurrence in two differing patient populations. Results with 35 gastric ulcers that were followed to healing indicate that most ulcer scars appear as folds converging toward the ulcer site, at times accompanied by a central depression and/or gross deformity of the stomach. Two series of 200 patients each who underwent double-contrast examinations suggest a 1 to 4% incidence of ulcer scars, dependent upon the population examined. PMID- 7244242 TI - Efficacy study of the small-bowel examination. AB - Retrospective analysis of 1,020 conventional antegrade small-bowel examinations revealed that the variable which correlated most highly with abnormal radiographic findings was the clinical complex of history, physical examination, and laboratory data which prompted suspicion of small-bowel disease. Thirty indications of possible small-bowel disease were divided into groups carrying (a) a high suspicion and (b) a low suspicion of disease. Pertinent abnormalities were revealed by 14.2% of examinations in the high-suspicion group, compared with 4.9% in the low-suspicion group. The individual indications covered a spectrum of 0 34% abnormality. Overall, 9.7% of examinations (99/1,020) revealed abnormalities, but only 6.6% (67/1,020) were pertinent to the clinical problems. The authors conclude that the efficacy of the small-bowel series is directly dependent upon the reason(s) for which it is performed. PMID- 7244243 TI - Hepatic artery embolization in the treatment of hepatic neoplasms. AB - Seventy-two hepatic artery embolizations were performed in 47 patients to treat hepatic neoplasms. Hepatic artery embolization creates tumor devascularization, but the portal flow prevents infarction of liver parenchyma because of the single vascular supply from the hepatic artery to a neoplasm, in contrast to the dual vascular supply to the liver parenchyma. Indications for the use of hepatic artery embolization are failure of chemotherapy, either systemic or intra arterial infusion, vascular anomalies requiring combined lobar embolization and lobar infusion, and lack of effective treatment. Three types of embolization were performed: peripheral embolization using Gelfoam, proximal embolization using coils, and combined peripheral and proximal embolization. The complications after embolization were pain, fever, and transient liver function changes. No death or hepatic abscess occurred. The median survival duration of the group was 11.5 months from the time of embolization. Hepatic artery embolization is an effective treatment of hepatic neoplasm. PMID- 7244248 TI - Neuroradiological evaluation of lateral recess syndrome. AB - Fifty asymptomatic patients and 35 with surgically proved lateral recess syndrome (LRS) were studied retrospectively to determine the depth of the normal and abnormal lateral recess. Plain radiography, polytomography, CT, and myelography of the lumbosacral area were performed. The normal and abnormal ranges are presented and the role of the various radiographic procedures in the diagnosis of LRS is discussed. PMID- 7244244 TI - Atypical popliteal cyst due to lateral synovial herniation. PMID- 7244246 TI - Giant Meckel's diverticulum. A cause of intestinal obstruction. AB - Giant Meckel's diverticula are more likely to cause obstruction than bleeding. In neonates, this is commonly due to volvulus; in adults, it is usually due to adhesions and a mass effect. A lateral view of the abdomen following barium studies can be helpful. This entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of intestinal obstruction, especially incomplete, intermittent, and chronic forms. PMID- 7244245 TI - Esophageal dysmotility and the sudden infant death syndrome: experimental observations of neonatal puppies. AB - The authors review the relationship between esophageal dysfunction (dysmotility) and the unusual cardiopulmonary and neurological manifestations equated with the symptoms of the "near-miss" sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Six beagle puppies were studied to see whether esophageal irritation and dilatation could provoke any cardiac dysrhythmia. Some of the cardiographic irregularities observed in 10 of 11 trials occasionally precede fatal ventricular dysfunction. The authors conclude that esophageal irritation can be responsible for cardiac arrest and that one important cause of SIDS is esophageal dysmotility. PMID- 7244247 TI - Bridging bronchus: a rare airway anomaly. AB - The authors describe an infant whose right-lower-lobe bronchus arose from the left main bronchus and bridged the lower mediastinum. Other major congenital anomalies were present as well. Possible explanations for crossed airways, which would seem to contradict the current theory of embryonic lung development, are suggested. PMID- 7244249 TI - Generation of biological patterns and form: some physical, mathematical, and logical aspects. PMID- 7244250 TI - The neural regulation of tongue movements. PMID- 7244251 TI - [Humoral immunity in atopic dermatitis. II. Serum immunoglobulins A, G and M in the blood of patients with atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 7244252 TI - [Challenging diets in prurigo, urticaria and eczema]. PMID- 7244254 TI - [Results of balneoclimatic treatment of various allergic skin diseases at Swinoujscie health resort]. PMID- 7244253 TI - [Transient form of epidermolysis bullosa]. PMID- 7244256 TI - [Bacterial and fungal flora of the skin in healthy subjects and psoriasis patients]. PMID- 7244258 TI - [Cytological studies of basocellular epithelioma]. PMID- 7244255 TI - [Treatment of late seroresistant syphilis with tetraverine (Polfa)]. PMID- 7244257 TI - [Melanosis circumscripta praeblastomatosa Dubreuilh - clinical aspects and treatment]. PMID- 7244259 TI - [Allergy to parabens in cosmetic creams]. PMID- 7244260 TI - [Coexistence of contact allergy and photosensitivity]. PMID- 7244261 TI - [Multifocal fungal infection in the course of ungual candidiasis]. PMID- 7244262 TI - [DNA repair in the mild form of xeroderma pigmentosum]. PMID- 7244263 TI - [Clinical, histological, ultrastructural and biochemical studies on the effectiveness of hydroxyurea in the treatment of psoriasis]. PMID- 7244264 TI - [Treatment of alopecia areata by immunostimulation with dinitrochlorobenzene]. PMID- 7244265 TI - [Remote results of treatment of basal cell epitheliomas of the skin with 5 fluorouracil]. PMID- 7244268 TI - [Neutrophil count in chronic brucellosis]. PMID- 7244266 TI - [Our method of parasitological examination of duodenal contents in lambliasis]. PMID- 7244267 TI - [Comparison of the antigenic properties of 3 Coxiella burnetti strains based on results of serological studies of human sera]. PMID- 7244269 TI - [Tetanus treated at the Infectious Disease Clinic of the Cracow Medical Academy 1979-1979]. PMID- 7244270 TI - [Symptoms of coronary disease, obesity and changes in body weight among men aged 40-59 years]. PMID- 7244271 TI - [Calculation and interpretation of attributable risk based on the results of epidemiological studies]. PMID- 7244272 TI - [Cerebrovascular disease mortality in selected countries of the world and in Polish cities 1965-1976)]. PMID- 7244273 TI - [Case of Quervain's disease]. PMID- 7244274 TI - [Treatment technics in borderline personality disorders]. PMID- 7244275 TI - [Acting-out in "dissocial" personalities]. PMID- 7244278 TI - [Possible modification of the course of psychiatric illness. Proceedings of the 5th Steinhof-Symposium, Vienna, 12-13 October 1979]. PMID- 7244276 TI - [The diagnostic and therapeutic function of initial interviews in a psychotherapy clinic]. PMID- 7244279 TI - [Realistic and unrealistic goals in psychiatry]. AB - It would be unrealistic to try to turn psychiatry in all its aspects into an exact science. It is realistic to accept that it also deals with non-measurable phenomena; this we should always remember, so as to remain doctors and to preserve what is personal, warm and humane in our work. It is unrealistic to believe that the neurosciences are beginning today to explain all levels of psychic life. While fully recognizing the magnificent achievements of the neurosciences in explaining some basic elements of psychic life, we should keep ourselves aware that the psychic spheres of man remain inaccessible to the purely somatic explanations and are outside their influence. It is unrealistic to claim that our best and most effective treatment of schizophrenic psychoses is 'merely' symptomatic. It is realistic to accept the probability that it is appropriate to the nature of many schizophrenias and that it is radical. It is unrealistic to believe that our only task is to cure illnesses. Often it falls to us simply and in all modesty to accompany patients through their lives along a path chosen entirely by themselves and to be allowed now and then to give a little help to them. It is unrealistic to believe that psychiatry provides a key to improve the world. It is realistic if we concern ourselves in the main with helping the sick, if we critically reflect on the effect our work may have beyond our patient, on society, and if we keep pointing out again and again the good which is in every human being and that we may sometimes bring out this goodness in him. PMID- 7244280 TI - [Psychopathologic aspects of the course of idiopathic psychoses]. AB - This contribution to a symposium on our ability to affect the course of psychiatric illnesses deals with psychopathology and uses a syndrome-oriented approach. The core of the idiopathic syndromes consists of the bipolar affective psychoses, including the predominantly affective-psychotic psychoses of the schizoaffective borderland. The underlying dynamic constellation is determined by restriction and expansion, whereas schizophrenic phenomena arise when the dynamic becomes unstable. One can differentiate between the central affect-psychotic type, the purely depressive dysphorias, and the schizophrenic syndromes which are complicated by a dynamic insufficiency and a structural change and which are normally no longer completely reversible. The real psychotic core of the idiopathic syndromes on which the thymotropic drugs act, lies in the derailments of the psychic dynamic of the three types: restriction, expansion and instability. Within the structural-dynamic framework the psychotic derailments and personality with its biographical and situational background are closely linked. The cope and limitations of the treatment of the idiopathic syndromes are discussed from a structural-dynamic viewpoint. PMID- 7244277 TI - ["Civilian" and "military" perception of reality. Consequences of absurdity]. PMID- 7244281 TI - [Modification of schizophrenia by intensive neuroleptic therapy and the course of the disease after withdrawal of neuroleptic drugs]. AB - Since 1976 a group of 229 patients with schizophrenic or other paranoid illness (9 patients) were treated for about 14 weeks with intramuscular or intravenous injections of fluphenazinedecanoate. During the first 2 weeks, three injections of 250 mg were given after which time the injections were given at three weekly intervals with slowly decreasing dosage. The patients also received tablets of procyclidine and 100-150 mg of amitriptyline per os. After the initial intensive phase the patients received an average of 145 mg i.m. every 3 weeks. A total of 209 patients could be followed up. Of those, 127 had for various reasons not continued with oral medication. The course of their illnesses was compared with that of the patients who had complied. The present report which represents a 3 year follow-up study confirms the findings of an earlier paper which showed the rapid onset and stability of remission, the absence of relapses among the patients who were under continued treatment, and the relative freedom from relapses among the patients who did not continue to have further neuroleptic medication. The anticipation that the initial high-dosage medication would have deleterious effects on the personality, producing robots or zombies, was shown to be groundless. PMID- 7244282 TI - [The psychiatric hospital in the process of changing. Reorganization attempts with special reference to social psychiatric and psychotherapeutic measures]. AB - The author reviews briefly the recent history of psychiatric hospitals, with particular reference to changes which have taken place in the Scandinavian countries. He also reviews the new expectations society has of psychiatric hospitals and of their role. He concludes that the psychiatric hospital has still an important role to play but that its organization and aims will have to change. He gives a number of guidelines for the changes and describes his own experience as director of two psychiatric hospitals in Norway which under his guidance underwent the transition from the old to their new function. The hospital here described in detail is called 'Gaustad', situated in Oslo. He outlines the planning procedure and the way the plans were implemented. Finally he asked each professional group working in the hospital as well as the patients to evaluate the changes. By and large, all groups seemed to welcome the new way of working. Finally staff and patients give opinions as to what functions should be expected of the hospital in the future and the author gives his own ideas. He feels the psychiatric hospitals will have to change, but they have to continue to play an important and, in some ways, unique role. PMID- 7244283 TI - [Social causes and social therapy]. AB - Sociogenesis is divided into primary sociogenesis (direct connection between social conditions and mental disorders), secondary sociogenesis (indirect connection), and tertiary sociogenesis (social consequences of a disorder according to the degree of acceptance). It has to be interpreted in a system network with organo- and psychogenesis. Social therapy is, according to that, an integration of social work, psychotherapy and pedagogics. Its main instrument is the therapeutic community. PMID- 7244284 TI - [The characteristics of the overweight and the obesity indices Part. I. The use of the Quetelet index and other selected anthropometric patterns in interpopulational comparisons (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244288 TI - [The limpness of the trachea and bronchus as a cause of alveolar emphysema of lungs in young man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244287 TI - [The importance of the acetylation in the dosage some drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244286 TI - [Osteoporosis in cases of ulcerative colitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244285 TI - [Effect of strophantin on right ventricular function in patients with mitral stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244289 TI - [Solutes in middle molecular weight range. Facts and hypotheses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244290 TI - [Results of treatment of acute renal failure in Poland in years 1972-1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244292 TI - [The usefullness of the fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) determination in the serum and urine in diagnostics and evaluation of effectiveness of therapy of nephropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244291 TI - [The analysis of lupus nephropathy in the light of own material (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244293 TI - [Evaluation of nutritional status of calcium in the light of its consumption by the young aged 13 to 20 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244294 TI - [The gastrin level, gastric secretion, gastroscopic and histological picture of gastric mucosa in patients with terminal renal failure treated by repeated dialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244295 TI - [Dialysis in psoriasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244296 TI - [Complications in the double kidney (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244297 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency in the course of post-alcoholic myolysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244298 TI - [Bathocuproine disulfonic acid-loaded resin as a preconcentrating agent of trace mercury (author's transl)]. AB - A chelating agent-loaded resin consisting of an anion exchange resin (Dowex 1 X 4) and bathocuproine disulfonic acid (BCS-resin) was prepared. The adsorption behavior of some chalcophile elements as a function of pH by the column method was studied, and mercury was shown to be adsorbed selectively to the BCS-resin at the pH region of 0.5 approximately 1.0, and the BCS-resin was found to be a specific collector for trace mercury in natural water samples before neutron activation analysis. The molar ratio of BCS to mercury(II) in the resin was confirmed to be 1:1 and the resulting chelate was stable at least within a month. The method was applied to the determination of mercury in the Watarase river water sample. The sample solution was adjusted to pH 1.0 with HNO3, filtered and flown through the column (BCS-resin: 4 x 10(-4) mol . g-1 . resin, 7 mm phi x 35 mmH) and the resin was then washed and dried in a desiccator. The monitor containing 10 micrograms of mercury was also prepared according to the above scheme. The samples and the monitor were irradiated together in the pneumatic tube of JRR-3 for 60 min (neutron flux: 2 x 10(13) n . cm-2 . s-1). After cooling for 15 days, gamma-activity of 203Hg was measured. The result was 21 +/- 3 ppt for mercury, indicating that the method was well applicable to the determination of trace mercury in river water samples. PMID- 7244300 TI - [Determination of radioactive strontium by the beta-ray spectrometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244301 TI - [Clinical usefullness on accumulation of 99mTc-rhenium colloid in lymph nodes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244299 TI - [Clinical study of adrenal imaging with 123I-labeled-6 beta-iodomethyl-19 norcholesterol (author's transl)]. AB - Although adrenal scintigraphy with 131I-6 beta-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NCL 6-131I) was used for the first noninvasive imaging of the adrenal glands, it has the disadvantages. These are: (i) relatively high radiation dose to patients, (ii) the long time required for completion of the scan. To solve these problems, 123I-labeled 6 beta-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NCL-6-123I) was synthesized and was used for adrenal scintigraphy in 6 cases. Successful images were obtained with 185 MBq (5 mCi)-260 MBq (7 mCi) of NCL-6-123I, and optimal time required for the satisfactory scan was 2-3 days after the administration. The estimate radiation dose was reduced by using 185 MBq (5 mCi) of NCL-6-123I instead of 18.5 MBq (0.5 mCi) of NCL-6-131I. From the result of this clinical study, NCL-6-123I was preferred for the adrenal scintigraphy. PMID- 7244302 TI - [Medical application of cyclotrons (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244303 TI - [Alpha particle excited X-ray fluorescence analysis for trace elements in cervical spinal cords of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - The mean contents of trace elements in anterior gray horn section of cervical spinal cords of six amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases were relatively determined against those of six control cases by alpha-particle excited X-ray fluorescence analysis. The anterior gray horn section of cervical spinal cord samples were excited by 1.6 MeV alpha-particle beam of 2 mm diameter accelerated with a Van de Graaff accelerator, and characteristic X-ray spectra were measured with alpha Si(Li) detector. From the peak area on the X-ray spectra, the relative mean contents of the trace elements in cervical spinal cords of ALS and control cases were determined. As a result, the X-ray peaks of Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn were detected. The contents of Al, Si, P, Ca, Ti, V, Mn and Fe in ALS cases were higher than those in control cases. The contents of S, Cl, K, Cu and Zn in ALS and control cases were equal to each other within standard deviation. The precipitation mechanisms of Al, Si, P, Ca, Ti, V, Mn and Fe into cervical spinal cord of ALS cases are discussed on the basis of the previous studies. PMID- 7244304 TI - Redox substoichiometry in neutron activation analysis. Determination of antimony in metallic tin. AB - Redox substoichiometry in neutron activation analysis has been applied to the determination of antimony content in metallic tin of chemical grade. The substoichiometric separation is based on the extraction of unreacted antimony(III) with an excess of N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (BPHA) after the substoichiometric oxidation of antimony(III) with potassium bromate, such as arsenic(III), could be prevented by the addition of large amounts of antimony(III) carrier before substoichiometric oxidation. Only about one hour is required for the antimony analysis of metallic tin, excluding the irradiation period of sample. The antimony content of 1.22 +/- 0.14 microgram tin (10 mg) was determined without separation of the matrix element. PMID- 7244305 TI - Evaluation of scintillation cameras by spherical lesion detectability. AB - The lesion detectability with a scintillation camera as a function of count density was determined for the four spherical cold lesions with diameter 0.9-2.5 cm (in square root 2 step) within a uniform background activity. It can be seen from the curves that the lesion detectability increases with an increase in count density until 2 kcounts/cm2, however it does not appreciably improve for count densities above 2 kcounts/cm2. The curves also show that, for a giving count density, the lesion detectability decreases as the lesion size or object contrast decreases. From these curves minimum count density required for recognition of each cold lesion is deduced. This value is applied to the evaluation of scintillation camera system. PMID- 7244307 TI - [A comparison of escape peak and full-energy peak efficiencies of Ge(Li) detector (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244306 TI - [86rb uptake by red cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244308 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of triiodothyronine (T3) by solid phase method -- studies of SPAC T3 RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244309 TI - [Clinical study of bone marrow scintigraphy with 111In chloride (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244310 TI - [Basic and clinical evaluation of corning total T4 RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244311 TI - [Radiation and leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244312 TI - [Radioactive nuclides and radiation data in use for radioactive/sealed radiation standards (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244313 TI - Two pools of amines in synaptic vesicles of rat pineal nerves. AB - Two pools of amines (noradrenaline and serotonin) are characterized by histochemistry and electrical stimulation in the synaptic vesicles from rat pineal nerves : a loosely bound pool located in the matrix and a tightly bound pool located in the core. A similar distribution is adopted by the false transmitter formed by the administration of 5-hydroxydopamine. The behaviour of both pools under electrical stimulation and in resting conditions is compatible with the idea that the amines stored in the core form a reserve pool and the amines stored in the matrix correspond to a functional pool, which can be released spontaneously and by electrical stimulation, being replaced by the transmitter newly synthesized or by the amines stored in the core. (A presentation of these results was made at the III International Symposium on Nervous Transmission, Helsinki, Finland, 1979). PMID- 7244315 TI - [Retinal adaptations to habitat]. AB - Vertebrates have, through the process of evolution, adapted to their photic environment. This is well manifested in the retinal adaptations to various habitats. Although all vertebrates are considered, emphasis is placed on fishes because they form about 50% of the vertebrate species. In addition, they occupy a wide range of habitats, thus retinal modifications of fishes serve as models for all other vertebrates. The present article reviews morphological, physiological and biochemical retinal adaptations. The quality and quantity of light reaching the aquatic organism are functions of the incident light as well as the aquatic environment. Thus, in well lit, clear waters fishes are arhythmic and possess almost equal populations of rods and cones; whereas fishes in dimly lit environments (due to turbidity or depth) have retinas that are more specialised for high sensitivity-multi-banked retinas, long outer segments, grouped photoreceptors, hypertrophied ellipsoid mitochondria, reflecting tapetum. Similarly, the ratio and distribution of visual pigments (rhodopsin and porphyropsin) and S-potential change with respect to fresh/sea water, clear/turbid water and air/aquatic environments. Thus, in fresh waters, where the photic environment shifts to longer wavelengths, porphyropsin predominates; while in land vertebrates and almost all marine fishes the dominant pigment is rhodopsin. With respect to the latter, fishes in turbid, greenish or yellowish coastal waters have 'rhodopsins' with lambda mas above 500 nm; fishes in clear coastal habitats have 'rhodopsins' with lambda max near 500 nm; while those in the blue-lit environment of deep seas have lambda max below 500 nm. The retinal pigment composition is also associated with habitat changes during diadromous migrations in fishes or during amphibian metamorphosis. It is interesting to note that the dorsal and ventral retinas of Rana catesbeiana and Anableps microlepis which view aquatic and aerial environments, respectively, show a predominately porphyropsin-rich dorsal retina compared to a rhodopsin-rich ventral retina. Similar shifts in the S-potential are observed with change in habitats. Fresh water fishes exhibit L-responses with lambda max in longer wavelengths compared to marine fishes where the maximum of the L-response shifted towards shorter wavelengths. PMID- 7244316 TI - [Interhemispheric competition during postnatal development]. AB - The corpus callosum is a bidirectional pathway interconnecting the visual cortices on the two sides of the brain. Rearing kittens with the optic chiasm sectioned and one eyelid sutured during early development results in a functional asymmetry in this pathway. Visual input originating on the side of the brain ipsilateral to the sutured eye looses the ability to influence cells on the other side of the brain. Conversely, visual input originating on the side of the brain ipsilateral to the exposed eye markedly increases its influence in the other hemisphere. These physiologic findings are paralleled by anatomic results indicating that the terminal field of the corpus callosum is markedly expanded in the cortical hemisphere ipsilateral to the deprived eye and reduced in the other hemisphere. PMID- 7244314 TI - [Effects of uterine secretions on embryonic development]. AB - Rabbit embryos at the stage of one-cell and morula were incubated in uterine secretions from rat. The uterine fluid was aspirated from uterus of freshly sacrificed estrus animals. We obtained a very good development of the morulas (mean of the maximum diameter : 0.79 +/- 0.02 mm); however only 35% of the one cell rabbit embryos reached the stage of 16 cells. This consequently suggest a uterine tropism in the rats similar to that previously found for the rabbit. PMID- 7244318 TI - [The role of the corpus callosum and other commissures in the interhemispheric transfer of visual information]. AB - In order to assess the contribution of the lateral suprasylvian area and subcortical pathways other than the corpus callosum in learning and interhemispheric transfer, a series of studies was undertaken in the cat. Groups of animals which received different types of cortical and subcortical lesions were tested for learning and interocular transfer of visual pattern discriminations. Results have shown that : 1. the lateral suprasylvian area is of equal importance in learning and transfer as areas 17, 18 and 19; 2. in the absence of the corpus callosum, other commissures could preserve interocular transfer of visual information. The results obtained on commissurotomized neonate kittens clearly support this assumption. PMID- 7244319 TI - [A comparison between orienting rapid eye movements accompanying active or passive head movement in the cat]. AB - Gaze is shifted by means of eye saccades which, in most instances, are synchronized with head rotations. During eye-head movements performed by cats in the dark, most of the rapid eye movements start after the head has begun to move (mean time lag was 45 msec). This pattern resembles that observed when the cat, as a whole, is suddenly rotated passively and consists of a short lasting vestibularly induced slow phase component followed by a rapid eye movement that takes the eye in the same direction as the head. We have compared the passively and actively induced eye-head movements. The rapid eye movements are similar in both cases in that they terminate at a fixed position ("goal") in the orbit irrespective of the eye's starting position. They differ primarily in the fact that the eccentricity of the "goal" during active head rotations increases much more rapidly with velocity than it does during the passive condition. The results suggest that the rapid eye movement that accompanies an active head movement in the dark is not simply a vestibularly induced quick phase. PMID- 7244320 TI - [Interactions between retino-collicular and retino-cortical pathways at the level of the lateral geniculate nucleus]. AB - Interactions between retino-collicular and retino-cortical pathways at the level of the lateral geniculate nucleus were studied in anesthetized and paralyzed rabbits. In a first series of experiments the cortico-geniculate influence was analyzed by cortical depression. The disruption of cortical functions led to a specific abolition of the geniculate responses to right-left movement of the stimulating spot. The response to the opposite direction was unaffected. In a second series of experiments the stimulus presentation was triggered by a spontaneous collicular spike. This resulted in a significant modification of the geniculate responses recorded simultaneously suggesting that the superior colliculus is capable of modifying the transmission that occurs through the geniculate. Data are discussed in view of the visuo-motor integration. PMID- 7244317 TI - [Role of the contralateral cortex on the receptive field properties in the visual cortex of cats]. AB - The aim of this series of experiments was to evaluate the receptive field properties of visual cells receiving part of their input the corpus callosum. Normal (control) and chiasma sectioned cats were recorded using conventional methods. The recording sites were the 17-18 border and the lateral suprasylvian (LS) cortex. The results indicated (a) the ocular dominance distribution was shifted towards the ipsilateral eye in the split chiasma cats; (b) orientation tunning and/or directional specificity were identical for the two eyes; (c) R.F. positions of binocular cells were also similar for each eye and were clustered near the vertical meridian, which they sometimes straddled; (d) R.F. sizes were larger in L.S. than in primary visual cortex but generally of equal dimensions for each eye. The results are interpreted with respect to the various functions which have been postulated for the corpus callosum. PMID- 7244322 TI - [Number of neurons and synapses in the visual cortex of different species]. AB - The number of neurons under 1 mm2 of visual cortex (area 17) is about 200 000 in monkey and man, and it varies between 45 000 and 70 000 in non-primates which have been studied. The number per hemisphere increases with the surface of area 17, passing from less than 1 million in mouse to about 538 million in man. The number of synapses under 1 mm2 of visual cortex has been estimated by different authors at between 480 million (mouse) and 1270 million (rat) : the number per hemisphere increases with brain size from 32 billion in rat to 3 084 billion (x10(9)) in man. The number of synapses per neurons tends to be higher in species with fewer neurons per mm3. Our laminar study in monkey shows this correlation at the level of each lamina : those having the largest number of neurons per mm3 have the least number of synapses per neuron. PMID- 7244321 TI - [Ecological niches and morphometric development of visual centers in primates]. AB - Volumes of the lateral geniculate body and the tractus opticus from 12 species of Prosimians and 10 species of Simians were examined. The progression indices of the lateral geniculate Body do not differ significantly neither between Prosimians and Simians nor between diurnal and nocturnal Primates. Therefore, they cannot be considered as a criterion for phylogenetic development or for eco ethological adaptations such as activity cycles. The progression indices of the tractus opticus, however, are higher in diurnal than in nocturnal Primates. The two-groups discriminant function based on the progression indices of the lateral geniculate body and the optic tract serves to establish a line which separates nocturnal from diurnal Primates. The lack of any correspondance in the progression of these two brain structures may be explained by the differential development of magnocellular and parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate body. PMID- 7244323 TI - Urinary output of N tau-methylhistidine and hydroxyproline in mature and old male rats fed an adequate diet. PMID- 7244324 TI - Erythrocyte size in some wild Spanish birds. AB - An analysis was made of the erythrocyte dimensions of 21 species of the following Passeriformes common to the Iberian Peninsula: Fringilidae, Silvidae, Turdidae, Prunellidae, Ploceidae, Certhiidae, Emberizidae, Paridae, Troglodytidae and Apodiformes: F. Apodidae. The erythrocyte dimensions in Passeriformes were very uniform. Only the Silvidae presented a significant correlation (r = 0.96) between body size and cell area. In Apodiformes, cell area and cell length and width were significantly greater (p less than 0.01) than red blood cell dimensions in Passeriformes. PMID- 7244325 TI - [Physico-chemical properties of guinea pig liver arginase (author's transl)]. AB - Arginase (E.C. 3.5.3.1) the enzyme which catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea has been investigated in guinea pig liver in relation to the kinetic constants of its substrate and inhibitors as well as to other physico chemical properties. The results show that the enzyme has Km value of 19.6 mM for its substrate L-arginine and is competitively inhibited by one of its reaction products, the L-ornithine, and also by L-lysine and diaminopymelic acid. Optimal activity of the enzyme occurs at 10.5 pH and maximal stability in the range of 6.5 to 7.5 pH. The mentioned arginase exhibits temperature dependent activity and stability, being 64 degrees C (15 min and pH 7.5) the half-inactivation temperature. An increase in the activity and temperature stability of the enzyme, when previously activated by heating for 5 min at 45 degrees C in the presence of 10 mM MnCl2, has been achieved. PMID- 7244326 TI - A morphological and electrophysiological study of nigrotectal pathway in the rat. AB - After horseradish peroxidase injections in the superior colliculus of the rat, labelled cells were found in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. Nigrotectal cells are organized in a band beginning in the ventromedial area of the rostral part of pars reticulata, while at caudal levels they occupy a more lateral position, closely packed near the cerebral peduncle. In another series of experiments, the effects of substantia nigra electrical stimulation on collicular unitary activity was studied in anaesthetized rats. Electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra decreased the spontaneous and pharmacologically induced activity of superior colliculus neurons. Inhibition took place with short latencies (1-4 msec). Inhibited cells were localized in deep layers of the superior colliculus. In addition, long latency activation and inhibition were also obtained. It is concluded that nigrotectal pathway is mainly inhibitory in character. PMID- 7244328 TI - Constancy of liver lipid composition in two genera of toads after a short-term temperature acclimation. AB - The lipid and fatty acid composition of Bufo calamytes and Alytes obstetricans livers has been studied. Data for both species are similar, and resemble closely those published for Rana sculenta. Total lipids constitute 20-25% of the total liver dry weight; about one fifth of these are phospholipids; cholesterol makes up 1.7-2.2% of the total liver dry weight. The most abundant phospholipids are phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The various lipid cases differ in their fatty acid composition: neutral lipids contain high proportions of palmitoleic and linoleic acids; phosphatidylcholine is characterized by its contents in palmitic acid, whereas cardiolipin contains polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thermal acclimation of toads for 96 h produces but few changes in liver lipid composition. PMID- 7244327 TI - [Effect of constant light on the circadian rhythm of prolactin (author's transl)]. AB - The different effects of equal periods of constant light (from days 1-65 or 70 135) upon the circadian rhythm of prolactin in male rats have been studied. Plasmatic levels of hormone have been analyzed at 5.00, 9.00, 12.00, 17.00, 21.00 and 24 h. 65 and 135 day-old controls on a 12 h light/12 h darkness schedule show PRL surges at 17.00 h. These surges disappear in both groups when submitted to constant light. A global increase of PRL levels can be observed only in 135 day old rats, which disappears 15 days after castration. This indicates testicular involvement in the hyperprolactinemia induced by constant light. PMID- 7244329 TI - Antiketogenic effect of gluconeogenic substrates. II. Effect of pyruvate. AB - The effect of pyruvate on the fate of free fatty acids in isolated hepatocytes from starved rats has been studied. 5 mM pyruvate inhibited ketone bodies production variously from endogenous substrates, acetate, octanoate and oleate. However, the incorporation of radioactivity into ketone bodies from acetate, octanoate or oleate was not affected by the presence of pyruvate. The oxidation of radioactive fatty acids to CO2 was increased by the presence of pyruvate. These results suggest that pyruvate inhibited ketogenesis by increasing the rate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. PMID- 7244330 TI - [Influence of posture changes on oncotic pressure and RHE proteinaemia (author's transl)]. AB - Variations in proteinaemia levels in healthy man from posture changes or from physical exercise, as well as their chemical and physical consequences in plasma colloid-osmotic pressure, have been studied. Proteinaemia and oncotic pressure were measured in ten young males while lying flat, walking about, standing up motionless at attention and once again in a lying flat position. Proteinaemia and oncotic pressure increased on changing from a lying posture to orthostatism. The increase was much greater when the subjects were kept at rigid attention. Walking about did not produce any significant changes independently of the time factor. A significant correlation between changes in oncotic pressure and proteinaemia was always present. Changes in the oncotic pressure, however, were statistically more important. PMID- 7244331 TI - [Effect of phentolamine, diphenhydramine and cyproheptadine on arginine-induced growth hormone secretion (author's transl)]. AB - Arginine stimulation test was performed on 36 healthy volunteers from both sexes, in order to determine whether alpha-adrenergic histaminergic or serotoninergic mechanisms was involved in growth hormone (GH) secretion. Arginine alone (30 gr/30 min) induced a clearcut GH response significantly different versus basal values in two different control groups. This response was accompanied by a slight, statistically non-significant, decrease in glucose and FFA levels. The concomitant administration of the alpha-adrenergic blocker phentolamine (0.5 mg/min x 90 min) did not alter the GH secretory pattern elicited by arginine. The addition of the H-1 histaminergic blocker diphenhydramine (50 mg i.v. as bolus 15 min before and 50 mg infused with arginine) completely suppressed the arginine induced GH secretion. Diphenhydramine, was also able to reduce GH basal values. Almost identical results were obtained with cyproheptadine, a serotoninergic, histaminergic and cholinergic blocker agent (2 mg q.i.d.; per os x 2 days and 4 mg per os 120 min before arginine). This drug suppressed arginine induced GH secretion without altering basal GH values. Blood glucose or FFA levels were not altered by any pharmacological manipulation vs. the control arginine group. It is concluded that either histaminergic H-1 or both histaminergic and serotoninergic blockade inhibit GH secretion elicited by arginine. On the other hand an alpha adrenergic pathway in the arginine action is ruled out. PMID- 7244332 TI - Mechanism of ossification. Calcium uptake by the bone organic matrix. AB - A protein in the bone matrix that retains calcium is described. This protein seems to start the ossification process. The reaction occurs in several steps from high energy phosphorylation to the formation of aggregates and calcium phosphate. PMID- 7244333 TI - [Alveolar proteinosis. Report of 7 cases (author's transl)]. AB - We followed 7 patients with biopsy proven alveolar proteinosis for 4 to 96 months. A typical clinical picture including: dyspnea, cyanosis, weight loss, clubbing, and rales, was present in 6 subjects. The 7th subject presented repeated bronchial infections. Chest Roentgenogram revealed an alveolar type infiltrate in each case. Sputum examination showed alveolar moulds of PAS positive material. Spontaneous improvement occurred in one subject who had only a moderate airway obstruction. The others, with severe restrictive defects, were rapidly improved by massive pulmonary lavage. Continued improvement was noted in the months following lavage. Repeated lavages was required in three subjects. Although spontaneous recovery of this rare disorder may occur, severe cases require pulmonary lavage. The diagnosis of alveolar proteinosis can be confirmed by analysis of sputum or lavage material. PMID- 7244334 TI - [Pulmonary amyloidosis. Report of a case with 14 year follow-up (author's transl)]. AB - A patient, 37 years old in 1966, presented hemoptysis and an excavated lesion of left upper lobe; there were no acid-fast bacilli in the sputum, but he was considered as having tuberculosis. After one year of treatment, the lesion had progressed and was removed surgically; pathologic diagnosis was silicosis. During the following years, three excavated lesions developed in the controlateral lung. When seen in 1979, the patient had consolidation of the whole right upper lobe and an excavated mass of right lower lobe. Amyloidosis was suggested; the pathologic sections of 1967 were reviewed and confirmed amyloidosis. PMID- 7244336 TI - [Respiratory manifestations of connective tissue inflammations. Abstracts]. PMID- 7244335 TI - [Scale of normal values of peak expiratory output in healthy children and adolescents based on flow-volume curves (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present scales of reference theoretical values for children and peak expiratory output (V 50 and V 25), as well as FEV1 and vital capacity obtained by flow-volume curves. After a description of the equipment (adaptable to on-the spot epidemiological studies), the reference population (537 children, male and female, 6-16 years old), and the method of curve applications, the statistical basis for devising the scale was analyzed. Under study were the following topics: assuming an exponential regression model, advantages of the consideration of two reference parameters (age and size), or of one (size), which was the solution adopted finally to construct the scale. The comparison of our work with that described in the literature for groups of children with widely diversified origins points out the differences in certain functional parameters themselves. Thus, the interest of establishing scales for an epidemiological program based on populations with features as close as possible to those of the groups under study is justified. PMID- 7244337 TI - [Factitious or false fever]. PMID- 7244338 TI - [Heredity and genetic conditioning in inflammatory intestinal diseases]. PMID- 7244340 TI - Surgery in rheumatoid arthritis: an up-to-date account. PMID- 7244339 TI - [The use of angiotensin II antagonists in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 7244341 TI - Flexible implant resection arthroplasty for the digits in the hand. PMID- 7244342 TI - Total hip replacement in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7244344 TI - Surgery in atlanto-axial dislocation in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7244343 TI - Replacement of the knee in rheumatoid arthritis using the Imperial College London Hospital (ICLH) prosthesis. PMID- 7244345 TI - The Gschwend-Scheier-Bahler (GSB) replacement of the rheumatoid knee joint. PMID- 7244346 TI - Surgical treatment of the foot in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7244347 TI - Synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis: theoretical aspects and a 14-year follow-up in the knee joint. PMID- 7244348 TI - Prosthetic replacement of the ankle joint. PMID- 7244350 TI - The shoulder joint in rheumatoid arthritis: synovectomy. PMID- 7244349 TI - A simplified method for fixation in rheumatoid atlanto-axial dislocation. PMID- 7244351 TI - Arthrodesis of the shoulder joint in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7244352 TI - Shoulder replacement in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7244353 TI - Synovectomy of the elbow in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7244355 TI - Comparative evaluation of partial and subtotal synovectomies of the knee joint in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7244356 TI - Technique and results of resection and interposition arthroplasty of the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7244358 TI - Guidelines for the testing of chemical for mutagenicity. Committee on Mutagenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment. PMID- 7244354 TI - Elbow replacement in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7244357 TI - Anatomical aspects on the design of metacarpophalangeal implants. PMID- 7244359 TI - Enterohepatic circulation of prednisolone in rats. AB - In the present study human equivalent doses of the synthetic glucocorticoid, prednisolone, were administered intravenously into male rats. The prednisolone was rapidly cleared from blood and accumulated in the liver, from where it and metabolized prednisolone was excreted into the small intestine after a short time. By cannulation of the common bile duct with serial collection of bile it was shown that liver was able to handle relatively large doses of the steroid. There was good evidence of an enterohepatic circulation of steroid with relationships of time and content of prednisolone in liver and small intestine. PMID- 7244360 TI - Elevation of epinephrine concentration in rat brain by LY51641, a selective inhibitor of type A monoamine oxidase. AB - LY51641, N-[2-(o-chlorophenoxy)ethyl]cyclopropylamine hydrochloride, selectively inhibited type A monoamine oxidase (MAO) (measured with 10 microM 14C-serotonin as substrate) without inhibiting type B MAO (measured with 12.5 microM 14C phenylethylamine as substrate) in rat brain. The inhibition of type A MAO was accompanied by an increase in epinephrine concentration in hypothalamus. Although the absolute concentration of epinephrine in rat hypothalamus is low relative to norepinephrine and dopamine, the percentage increase in epinephrine after LY51641 was greater than the percentage increase in dopamine or norepinephrine. The inhibition of type A MAO activity and increase in hypothalamic epinephrine concentration following a single 30 mg/kg dose of LY51641 persisted for at least 10 days. Both effects were seen at doses as low as 0.03 mg/kg of LY51641. A 0.2 mg/kg dose of LY51641 given daily for 5 days retained selectivity in inhibiting type A MAO and increased epinephrine concentration. Two analogs of LY51641 of differing selectivity elevated epinephrine concentration to a degree related to percentage inhibition of type A MAO, and the effect of LY51641 was antagonized by pretreatment with harmaline, a short-acting reversible inhibitor of type A MAO. These findings support earlier evidence that in rat hypothalamus, epinephrine oxidation occurs by type A not type B MAO. PMID- 7244361 TI - Kinetics of [14C-5] 8-methoxypsoralen uptake by UVA irradiated and non-irradiated rabbit eye tissues. AB - Total 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) in intact and UVA irradiated rabbit eye tissues and its unaltered fraction in aqueous and eye lenses were determined over the 24 hours after i.v. injection of [14-C-5] and carrier 8-MOP at the concentration of 50 microCi and 5 mg/kg. No 8-MOP was detected at the end of 24 hours in intact and irradiated aqueous, vitreous and retina in contrast to one hour when the respective levels were congruent to 220, greater than 0 and congruent to 160 ng/g. Eye-plasma drug concentration ratios were less than 0.5 initially, but increased thereafter. While the average lens 8-MOP levels of congruent to 140 ng/g remained unchanged for 24 hours, no unaltered drug was detected beyond eight hours. Measurable amounts of label at the end of 24 hours also persisted in the cornea, iris, sclera and conjunctiva. PMID- 7244362 TI - Antipyrine metabolites in two populations. AB - After ingestion of 1 g antipyrine by healthy subjects of either Caucasian (n = 32) or Oriental (n = 18) background, urine was collected for 48 hr. and three major metabolites of antipyrine were determined. 21.8 +/- 1.1 (S.E.)% of the dose was excreted as 4-hydroxyantipyrine (4OHA), 12.7 +/- 0.6% as norantipyrine (NORA) and 5.9 +/- 0.3% as 3-hydroxy-methylantipyrine (3HMA). Oriental and Caucasian subjects showed similar mean recovery of each metabolite. The range of variation (F-test) of metabolite excretions between the 2 groups was again similar except for 3HMA which showed greater variation (p less than 0.01) in Orientals than in Caucasians. The fundamental similarity in antipyrine metabolism in the two populations is remarkable, because metabolite patterns of antipyrine differed significantly between subjects, and because the same two populations are known to differ much in their capacity for other drug oxidations. PMID- 7244363 TI - Uterine relaxant effects of mono- and dibenzyloxyindanpropionic acids. AB - DIPA [5,6-bis(dibenzyloxy)-1-oxo-2-propyl-2-indanpropionic acid] and MIPA (5 benzyloxy-1-oxo-2-butyl-2-indanpropionic acid) were evaluated for relaxant effects on the estrogenized isolated rat uterus. In a concentration-dependent and reversible manner DIPA (10(-5)-3x10(-4)M) inhibited uterine contractions induced by PGF2 alpha, KCl and BaCl2, and MIPA (10(-5)-3x10(-4)M) inhibited the oxytocic effects of PGF2 alpha, PGE2, acetylcholine and BaCl2. Further evaluation of DIPA demonstrated its selectivity for uterine smooth muscle since it did not interfere with carbachol-induced increased tone nor isoproterenol-induced decreased tone of the isolated guinea pig trachea, nor did it inhibit the positive inotropic effects of isoproterenol on the isolated guinea pig atrium. PMID- 7244364 TI - Hypoglycemia in mice exposed to an environment of high temperature and humidity. PMID- 7244366 TI - Thiamine protection of murine L1210 leukemia cells against mechlorethamine cytotoxicity and its relation to the choline uptake system. AB - Thiamine is an inhibitor of choline transport by murine L1210 leukemia cells and a protector of these cells from growth inhibition by mechlorethamine in vitro. Combination chemotherapy of tumor bearing mice with thiamine and mechlorethamine increased the mechlorethamine dosage required for a 50 to 60 percent increase in survival time but did not improve survival over that obtained with mechlorethamine alone. PMID- 7244365 TI - Effect of LS 1727, a nitrosocarbamate of 19-nortestosterone, on the R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. AB - LS 1727, a nitrosocarbamate of 19-nortestosterone did not affect the growth of the androgen-dependent R-3327 rat prostate adenocarcinoma. Such treatment markedly increased the weight of the ventral prostate and reduced body weight. The androgenic character of LS 1727 was demonstrated in an experiment in which LS 1727 was found to reduce the uptake of tritiated dihydrotestosterone in both the ventral prostate and the tumors. The androgenic growth-stimulating action of LS 1727 on the tumors may have counteracted the cytostatic, growth-inhibitory action of the compound. PMID- 7244367 TI - Attempts at induction of phenylalanine hydroxylase in thermophilic bacteria and induction of thermophily in mesophiles. AB - Some moderate and extreme thermophilic bacteria grew well on media other than the recommended basic media. Attempts to induce phenylalanine hydroxylase (Phe H) in the various thermophiles as well as mild thermophily in the mesophiles Pseudomonas sp ATCC 11299a and Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12540 were unsuccessful. Evidence is presented indicating that the enzyme in the latter two organisms may be membrane bound. The level of Phe H activity induced was not always consistent with the level of the inducer phenylalanine (Phe) in the growth medium. PMID- 7244368 TI - Long-term estrogenization in mammals. IV. Body, adrenal, and testes weights; polydipsia; food intake; vasopressin administration; and serum corticosterone levels in estrogenized male Evans rats. AB - In three experiments, the initial body weight losses after estrogenization were maintained or lagged the weight gains of the controls by the same amount over 61, 138, and 336 days, respectively. The mean serum corticosterone level of the controls was 56% that of the estrogenized rats 341 days after estrogenization. Water consumption (mg/kg b.w.) approximated 150% that of the controls several weeks following estrogenization, remaining elevated until the end of the experiment. Estrogen treatment produced a higher level of water intake in a few rats similar to that previously observed for mice. During the experimental period for water measurement, food consumption (g/kg b.w.) approximated 115% that of the controls. Gnawing and food-spilling behavior was observed in some of the estrogenized rats. Following vasopressin administration, food intake was lowered the first and second days in one estrogenized group; water intake was lowered the first day in the three control and estrogenized groups. In contrast to studies with Marsh mice, estrogenization did not produce bladder damage in Evans rats, but two showed tubular calcification in the kidneys. PMID- 7244371 TI - In vitro response of the regenerating adrenal gland to epinephrine. AB - In this experiment, the adrenal medulla was removed from male rats and after 11 days, animals were sacrificed and the adrenal glands were incubated. Addition of epinephrine to the regenerating gland resulted in significant increase in corticosterone content in the gland. However, no significant changes were observed in the intact glands after epinephrine administration. The results of this experiment suggest that epinephrine may be playing a role in the adrenal cortex function. PMID- 7244369 TI - Determination of meperidine blood to plasma concentration ratio (lambda) - effect of temperature and pH. AB - The blood to plasma concentration ratio (lambda) for meperidine was found to be temperature and pH dependent but independent of concentration. lambda values at room temperature were significantly lower than those at 37 degrees C (p less than .01). Decreasing the blood pH within the range 7.2 to 6.9 resulted in a significant decrease in lambda (p less than .01). PMID- 7244372 TI - Haemaphysalis punctata and Ixodes ricinus in a coastal habitat in North Wales. AB - The populations of Haemaphysalis punctata and Ixodes ricinus on the Mynydd Mawr National Trust reserve, Gwynedd, were studied for two years. H. punctata was the more numerous species, being recoverable by blanket dragging over most of the year except for some very short days. There were spring and late summer peaks of activity. It seems probable that the complete life cycle of H punctata takes two or three years in this habitat. The activity of I ricinus was short relative to H punctata, but spring and late summer peaks were also recorded. Specimens of H punctata were recorded from sheep grazing the area, and from visiting dogs, but adult ticks fed on splenectomised calves did not, apparently, carry diseases transmissible to cattle. PMID- 7244370 TI - Prevention of acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis by cimetidine in mice. AB - A preliminary trial was conducted to determine if cimetidine would prevent acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis. When administered to mice after experimental acetaminophen overdose, cimetidine generally prevented the development of centrilobular necrosis, but did not prevent loss of glycogen or appearance of fat in the hepatocytes. The efficacy of cimetidine in preventing acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis should be further studied. PMID- 7244373 TI - A preliminary field trial to evaluate the use of immunisation for the control of naturally acquired Taenia saginata infection in cattle. AB - The efficiency of immunisation of cattle with antigens collected during 14-day in vitro cultivation of Taenia saginata or T hydatigena oncospheres for the control of naturally acquired bovine cysticercosis was tested on a farm which uses sewage effluent to irrigate pasture. A total of 260 first-calf heifers of mixed breed were divided into four groups which were either sham-vaccinated or vaccinated with T saginata antigen at 49 to 124 days or 16 to 91 days before calving or vaccinated at 49 to 124 days prepartum with T hydatigena antigen. Ten calves from each group were killed at about three months of age and all muscles, including heart, tongue and oesophagus, were examined for cysticerci. Precalving vaccination with T saginata antigen significantly reduced the number of cysticerci found. Calves from sham-vaccinated cows were either sham-vaccinated or vaccinated with T saginata antigen or T hydatigena antigen at 46 to 121 days olds. Calves from cows immunised with T saginata antigen were either sham vaccinated or immunised with T saginata antigen. Calves from cows injected with T hydatigena antigen were either sham-vaccinated, vaccinated once with T hydatigena antigen when 46 to 121 days of age or vaccinated twice with T hydatigena antigen at median ages of 65 days and 99 days. All these calves were killed at 13 to 14 months old and their heart, diaphragm, tongue and masticatory muscles examined for cysticerci. Of the 38 surviving sham-vaccinated calves from sham-vaccinated cows, 21 animals (55 per cent) were infected. Several of the vaccination regimes reduced this rate of infection significantly but the most effective was precalving vaccination of the cow and vaccination of the calf with T saginata antigen which reduced infection by 78 per cent compared with the controls. Precalving vaccination of cows with T hydatigena antigen together with double vaccination of their calves with the same antigen preparation also significantly reduced infection in the calves by 64 per cent. PMID- 7244375 TI - Evaluation of the actions and use of alphaxolone/alphadolone (CT1341) in sheep. AB - CT1341 (alphaxolone/alphadolone) (Saffan; Glaxo) at various dose rates was investigated for use as an intravenous anaesthetic agent in sheep and it was found that at least 1.65 mg/kg was required to induce anaesthesia. In an experimental group of animals the effect of CT1341 2.2 mg/kg, on PaO2, PaCO2, paH and mean arterial blood pressure was measured. The drug caused a mild respiratory acidosis accompanied by a slight decrease in PaCO2 tensions. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased by 50 per cent, 30 seconds after injection but this fall lasted for only 10 minutes. Prior administration of either atropine sulphate or mepyramine maleate failed to modify this hypotensive effect. Injection of the vehicle, Cremophor EL, alone had no effect on mean arterial blood pressure. Intracerebroventricular administration of CT1341 while producing anaesthesia failed to produce any hypotension. The drug was used for the induction of anaesthesia in 19 sheep. A mean dose of 3.0 mg/kg was found to be most useful clinically. In a further three sheep an infusion of a dilute solution (0.234 mg/kg per minute) was used to maintain anaesthesia. The most notable clinical feature in sheep was the fast, complete recovery. It is concluded that this agent is an extremely useful drug for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in sheep. PMID- 7244374 TI - Flies associated with cattle in south west Scotland during the summer months. AB - The sheep headfly, Hydrotaea irritans, and Morellia simplex were the species most frequently associated with cattle at pasture and comprised 69.01 per cent and 13.93 per cent, respectively, of the total fly collection made from grazing cattle. The most prevalent biting fly was Haematobosca stimulans which comprised 4.46 per cent of the total catch. A few clegs, Haematopota pluvialis, and horse flies, Hybomitra distinguenda, were also recorded. A few of the headflies swarming around cattle entered milking parlours and byres and made up, at 38.23 per cent, the highest percentage of the total fly collection from these buildings. Headflies congregated on the windows, particularly those in the roof. Lesser numbers of the flies, Hydrotaea albipuncta, Morellia simplex and Trichopticoides decolor, with similar feeding habits to H irritans were also collected from these windows with a number of those species attracted to excrement. The biting muscids, Stomoxys calcitrans and Haematobosca stimulans, were collected mainly from the outside surfaces at the entrance to milking parlours and byres and comprised 23.53 per cent and 11.18 per cent, respectively, of the total fly collection from these buildings. Stomoxys calcitrans, the stable fly was present on every sample taken from calf houses and comprised 63.79 per cent of the total fly collection from these houses. Two other species, Sepsis violacea and the common housefly Musca domestica, were present on occasions in significant numbers and comprised 20.69 per cent and 9.48 per cent, respectively, of the total fly collection from calf houses. PMID- 7244376 TI - Production of arthritis by intravenous inoculation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: tests on five strains. AB - Cultures of five strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (syn, M suipneumoniae) were each inoculated intravenously into four pigs aged eight to nine weeks. One strain produced no response. For two strains two of the four pigs showed complement fixing antibody and mycoplasmaemia and one of these pigs in each group developed arthritis in one limb joint. The response to the other two strains was more severe: all four pigs in each group had a serological response, were mycoplasmaemic and several limb joints were arthritic. PMID- 7244377 TI - The linoleic acid status of the newborn lamb and thermoregulation. PMID- 7244379 TI - Effect of oesophageal groove closure on the pharmacokinetic behaviour and efficacy of oxfendazole in sheep. AB - Direct intraabomasal oxfendazole (OFZ) administration resulted in the peak plasma OFZ concentration occurring sooner and the area under the plasma OFZ concentration curve being reduced when compared with intraruminal administration. Glucose given directly into the abomasum of fistulated sheep caused a substantially greater elevation of plasma glucose levels than did direct administration into the rumen. This difference was subsequently used to indicate rumen bypass, by oesophageal groove closure, after oral dosing with an OFZ formulation to which glucose had been added. When 17 penned sheep were drenched with OFZ containing added glucose, elevated plasma glucose levels indicated substantial rumen bypass in six of them and was negatively correlated with time to peak plasma OFZ concentration, area under the plasma OFZ curve and efficacy against thiabendazole resistant Haemonchus contortus. Among 60 grazing sheep there were indications of some degree of oesophageal groove closure in 42 per cent of them following drenching with OFZ and in these animals there was a significant reduction in OFZ efficiency as measured by faecal worm egg counts. PMID- 7244378 TI - Babesia divergens: combination of dead and live parasites in an irradiated vaccine. AB - Two experiments were carried out to investigate the hypothesis that the protective effect of an irradiated Babesia divergens vaccine was due to the combined inoculation of large numbers of dead parasites and small number of live ones. In the first experiment it was demonstrated that animals receiving 10(8) parasites irradiated at 25 kilorads had more severe B divergens reactions than animals in a previous experiment which had received 10(10) parasites irradiated at 24, 28 or 32 kilorads. In the second experiment it was shown that the simultaneous inoculation of 10(10) parasites killed by irradiation at 50 kilorads and 10(8) parasites irradiated at 25 kilorads resulted in the suppression of the relatively severe reactions induced by inoculation of the 25 kilorad-irradiated parasites alone. It was also shown that the simultaneous inoculation of 10(10) parasites irradiated at 50 kilorads and 10(4) live parasites similarly suppressed the anticipated reactions of the calves. These results indicated that the hypothesis was correct under the conditions of the experiment. PMID- 7244380 TI - Effect of alum-precipitated or oil-adjuvant Bacteroides nodosus vaccines on the resistance of sheep to experimental foot rot. AB - The feet of sheep which had been given two doses of oil adjuvant foot rot vaccine were completely resistant to direct challenge with a virulent homologous culture of Bacteroides nodosus four weeks after vaccination, partially resistant after eight weeks but completely susceptible after 12 weeks. Sheep given two doses of alum precipitated vaccine, or a dose of oil emulsion vaccine followed by a dose of alum precipitated vaccine, were resistant four weeks but not eight weeks later. Foot rot in affected, vaccinated sheep was more severe in those which had received the alum precipitated vaccine than in those given the oil emulsion vaccine, but vaccinated sheep were always less severely affected than controls. Where oil emulsion vaccine provided the primary stimulation, agglutinin titres were 18,000 four weeks after revaccination with either vaccine, falling to 4000 after a further four weeks. Significantly poorer titres were observed when two doses of alum precipitated vaccine only were given. PMID- 7244384 TI - Experiments on inhibited development of Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia circumcincta in sheep in The Netherlands. AB - Inhibited development of Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia spp was studied in sheep. Exposure of infective Haemonchus contortus larvae for five weeks to 15 degrees C or 16 degrees C very effectively induced inhibited development but exposure to lower temperatures was much less effective. Infection with fresh larvae cultured for seven or 12 days at 25 degrees C in the dark resulted only in very low rates of inhibited development. This was not much influenced by the age of the host or the month of infection. Exposure of infective Ostertagia spp larvae for five weeks to 4 degrees C was fairly effective in inducing inhibited development while exposure to 16 degrees C was not effective. On two occasions inhibited development of Ostertagia spp was observed in lambs after a primary infection with fresh infective larvae cultured for seven days at 25 degrees C in the dark. This implies that a conditioning for inhibited development of Ostertagia spp is possible within this seven day culture period. PMID- 7244381 TI - Regional pulmonary perfusion in horses: a comparison between anaesthetised and conscious standing animals. AB - The regional perfusion to the lungs of 14 ponies was studied using radioactively labelled microspheres injected intravenously. It was found that within half an hour of induction of anaesthesia the perfusion to the dependent lung had decreased significantly from the values in the standing animal. When anaesthesia was maintained for more than two and a half hours, however, the lung perfusions were not significantly different from the standing values when the animals were lying in lateral or supine recumbency. PMID- 7244383 TI - Factors regulating tapeworm populations: estimations of the duration of acquired immunity by sheep to Taenia hydatigena. AB - Lambs reared from birth in a 'tapeworm-free' unit were immunised at three months old by a parenteral injection of the embryos of Taenia hydatigena. Subsequently, they were grazed with unimmunised control animals on an egg-free pasture. At one, three, six, nine, 12 or 15 months after immunisation, groups of the treated and control animals were grazed for eight weeks on an experimental egg-contaminated pasture. Strong immunity was shown up to three months after immunisation by the presence of only a few pinhead lesions in the lamb's liver. At six and nine months after immunisation, the lesions were similar in size to those in the control animals. While a few organisms reached the abdominal cavity in animals grazed six and nine months after immunisation, no viable cysts were found until 12 months. Seven-year-old sheep, which had been naturally infected with T hydatigena at an early age but had rarely ingested eggs since, were also grazed on the egg-contaminated pasture. Populations of original and superimposed metacestodes were observed in the abdominal cavity of some of them. The first experiment investigated the duration of immunity to the embryo, reorganising larva and metacestode in the absence of further egg infections. The second experiment confirmed that original and superimposed cyst populations can coexist. PMID- 7244385 TI - Studies on the sympathetic nervous system: T wave vectorcardiogram in cattle. PMID- 7244382 TI - Immunoglobulin levels in serum and colostral whey or protein-metabolisable energy restricted beef cows. AB - Aberdeen Angus cows were fed adequate diets or diets restricted in protein and, or metabolisable energy for the last 156 days of gestation to determine effects of nutritional restriction on concentrations of immunoglobulins in serum and colostral whey. There were no significant interactions between the effects of low protein and metabolisable energy on immunoglobulin concentrations. Thus, observed differences in immunoglobulin concentrations between the restricted and adequate dietary groups were attributed to the main effects of treatment. Low protein or metabolisable energy had little overall effect on serum IgM concentrations although levels began to decrease sooner in gestation in restricted animals than in those fed adequate diets. Concentrations of IgG1 in serum of all animals were similar and a precipitous decrease in concentration was noted at about 240 days of gestation and this decrease continued until parturition. Serum IgG2 concentrations increased in all animals as parturition approached. Immunoglobulin concentrations in colostral whey were either similar to or tended to be slightly higher in dietary restricted animals than in animals fed adequate diets although the differences were not significant. PMID- 7244386 TI - Functioning of the thyroid gland in sheep infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis. AB - Radioactive tracers were used to to study the kinetic behaviour of inorganic iodine (I) and thyroxine (T4) in sheep (1) uninfected and fed ad libitum, (2) infected with Trichostronglylus colubriformis and fed ad libitum and (3) uninfected but pair-fed to the infected animals. Plasma concentration and pool size of inorganic I were each significantly lower in groups 2 and 3 than in 1. Irreversible loss of inorganic I in both groups 2 and 3 was significantly greater than in 1. The turnover rate of T4 increased after infection, whereas in pair-fed sheep the T4 turnover rate was not significantly different from that in uninfected controls. The pool size and rate of irreversible loss of T4 in infected sheep were significantly reduced. The increased T4 turnover rate and reduced availability of I probably caused the depletion of colloid seen in the thyroid gland of infected sheep. The depletion of colloid may account for the reduced response to thyroid stimulating hormone in these sheep. PMID- 7244387 TI - The different stages of Fasciola hepatica capable of inducing immunity and the susceptibility of various stages to immunological attack in the sensitised rat. AB - Intraperitoneal sensitisation of female Piebald Virol Glaxo rats by the migratory immature stages (two-hours-, six-days- and 14-days-old) of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica protected them from intraperitoneal challenge with living adult flukes three weeks later. Sensitisation with adult fluke antigen and Freund's complete adjuvant had no effect. Flukes attenuated by gamma irradiation (3-8 kiloroentgen), and so prevented from developing beyond the eight to 10 day stage, did not protect against adult challenge. When rats were sensitised orally with metacercariae and challenged with 14-day-old flukes intraperitoneally the challenge flukes were not adversely affected. It is suggested that although 14 day-old flukes can immunise rats adequately, the fact that they are not killed when placed in sensitised rats may be due to the protective effect of tegumental replacement in these flukes before gaining access to, and safety of, the liver site. PMID- 7244388 TI - Immunisation of calves against Taenia saginata infection using antigens collected by in vitro incubation of T saginata oncospheres or ultrasonic disintegration of T saginata and T hydatigena oncospheres. AB - The intramuscular injection of calves with antigens (in oil adjuvant) collected during 14 day in vitro cultivation of Taenia saginata oncospheres and centrifuged at 500 g, stimulated a high level of resistance against challenge infection with eggs. When calves were immunised with antigens which had been collected during short-term (24 hour and 72 hour) in vitro incubation in culture medium and centrifuged at 3000 g, a significant but much less striking degree of immunity was produced. Calves immunised with a single injection (in oil adjuvant) of 30,000 T saginata oncospheres, disrupted by ultrasonic disintegration, also developed a high level of immunity to a subsequent challenge infection. A supernatant of the sonicated T saginata oncospheres centrifuged at 100,000 g stimulated a lesser degree of immunity. Sonicated T hydatigena oncospheres were less effective than T saginata oncospheres although they did stimulate a significant level of protection. The results suggest that prolonged periods of in vitro incubation of hatched and activated taeniid oncospheres are not necessary to collect antigens which will stimulate immunity to infection and that the antigens which stimulate protective immunity may initially be membrane associated or particulate in nature. Sonication produces only partial solubilisation of these antigens. PMID- 7244389 TI - Forced oscillatory resistance and compliance parameters following pneumonectomy in beagle dogs. AB - Forced oscillatory resistance (RFO) and compliance (CFO) were measured in 3 groups of adult beagle dogs. Group I (n = 12) had undergone a left pneumonectomy at 6-10 weeks of age; group II (n = 11) underwent a similar procedure at 1 year of age; and group III (n = 8) served as unoperated controls. The mean value of RFO for group II was significantly higher than corresponding values for groups I and III. Similarly, the mean value of CFO was significantly lower for group II. Mean values for RFO and CFO between groups I and III were not statistically different. When RFO and CFO were normalized by functional residual capacity, mean values for all three groups were similar. However, when RFO and CFO were normalized by body weight, mean values for groups I and II were significantly different from those of group III. These findings cannot be explained directly by postoperative hyperinflation of the remaining lung. They suggest that there is an adaptive change in the mechanical characteristics of the remaining lung following pneumonectomy and that the degree of adaptation varies with the age of the animal undergoing resection. PMID- 7244390 TI - Hemodynamic characteristics in chronic obstructive lung disease as related to cardiac size. AB - The hemodynamic adaptation during exercise was evaluated in 19 patients suffering from chronic obstructive lung disease. They were divided into two groups according to cardiac size on the X-ray (group 1, small; group 2, normal). A small cardio-thoracic ratio could be correlated with 'emphysema' assessed on the basis of hyperinflation and a low transfer test for CO. No clear-cut difference could be found between the two groups concerning the hemodynamic data at rest or during exercise. However, for all subjects, the cardiac output was found to be slightly related to the cardiac size (smaller cardiac output for smaller cardiac size). During exercise, a low cardiac output was characterized by a low oxygen transport and a high level of lactate. From this, it is suggested that a small cardiac size, a classical feature of hyperinflation and emphysema, may lead to a low cardiac output. The explanation for these results is speculative, but variable hemodynamic profiles in chronic obstructive lung disease with or without hyperinflation may be related to the morphology of the cardiac chambers and to variable intrathoracic pressure regimes during respiration. PMID- 7244392 TI - Transient pulmonary impairment during attacks of Crohn's disease. AB - Lung function was studied in 10 patients with Crohn's disease during and after an attack of the disease. Pulmonary volumes and lung transfer factor were not impaired but functional residual capacity was greater during the attack than during remission; it was also greater than in normal subjects. FRC values and disease activity decreased concomitantly during remission as well as finger clubbing. The etiology of this impairment was unknown. PMID- 7244391 TI - A study of short-term effect of rehabilitative therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - 51 male patients with mild degree chronic airway obstruction underwent detailed evaluation of pulmonary function tests, blood gas analysis and exercise tolerance test before and after a short-term therapy. The patients were randomly assigned to medical therapy alone or to medical and rehabilitative therapy. 23 patients treated with medical and rehabilitative therapy showed a significant decrease of respiratory rate and PaCO2 and a significant increase of TV, FEV 1.0, FEV 0.75 x 40, PaO2, SaO2 and exercise tolerance after a month of therapy. 28 patients treated with medical therapy alone showed a significant increase of VC and FEV 0.75 x 40. These data suggest that rehabilitative therapy is a valid adjunct to medical therapy in the short-term treatment of chronic airway obstruction. PMID- 7244394 TI - Respiratory load compensation in uremia. AB - The clinical significance of respiratory-system load-compensation is unknown. We have measured the responses to random presentation of single, elastic inspiratory loads in 36 subjects: 8 normal personnel (N), 9 with obesity (O), 10 with chronic renal failure under hemodialysis (H), 5 with pneumonia (P), and 4 with interstitial lung disease (CILD). We have expressed these responses as: (1) the ratio of elastance (or rigidity) of the system during loaded breathing to the elastance without loading (E'RS/ERS); (2) the ratio of tidal volume (VT) achieved when breathing from an inspiratory load to the VT predicted in the absence of load compensation (VTL/VTP); (3) the ratio of inspiratory flow rates during loaded and unloaded breaths; (4) the ratio of inspiratory time of loaded and unloaded breaths. We found E'RS/ERS in the O, H and P groups less than that of either CILD patients or N controls (F = 6.79; p less than 0.001). Passive elastance (ERS) although greater in groups O and H than in N (F = 3.88; p less than 0.025) did not account for the difference i E'RS in all groups. When expressed as VTL/VTP, the response to a 37-cm H2O/l load for groups H, O and P was less than that for N (F = 5.51; p less than 0.05). Diminished inspiratory time was observed in H, O and P patients when inspiring from this load. In contrast, inspiratory flow did not differ from that of normal subjects. Nerve conduction velocity was slightly reduced or normal in the H patients. Respiratory load compensation is deficient in H, O and P patients. The mechanism, which does not involve peripheral neuropathy, is unclear. PMID- 7244395 TI - Boxing. PMID- 7244396 TI - An attempt to control cerebrospinal fluid acidosis in coma due to head injury. AB - The acid-base status of the arterial blood, jugular venous blood, peripheral venous blood and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid and the free amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid have been studied in 12 patients suffering from coma due to head injury. They were given S adenosyl-methionine (10 mg/kg/day). Significant statistical differences of acid-base balance and CSF free amino acids have been obtained after the administration of te compound. The clinical and biochemical significance of the use of S adenosyl-methionine in severe brain injuries is discussed PMID- 7244393 TI - Multiple primary malignancies of larynx and lung: detection by cytology. AB - This is a report of a case in which multiple primary malignancies involving the larynx and the lung were initially suspected by means of cytologic examination of sputum specimens and bronchial aspirate. Such multiple cancers, once considered to be highly unusual, are now being reported with increasing frequency. It is emphasized that when two distinct cellular morphologies are present on cytologic smears, the possibility of multiple primary cancer could be considered. PMID- 7244397 TI - Effects of open-heart surgery on thyroid hormone levels. AB - The effect of heart surgery with and without cardiopulmonary by-pass on plasma levels of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) was studied in 19 patients. It was found that even before the operation the plasma levels of T4 and of T3 were significantly lower in the by-pass group of patients in comparison with those without by-pass. This lower level of thyroid hormones could be explained by greater pre-operative stress. This presumption is supported by the finding of the greater pre-operative plasma concentrations of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and growth hormone in patients of the by-pass group. While in patients not undergoing CPB a tendency to the decrease of plasma thyroid hormones was observed during the early postoperative phase, in patients of the by-pass group a small increase was observed. On the basis of the finding that thyroid hormones exercise powerful and specific effect on myocardial contractility, it is suggested that the low hormone level might have a role in the pathogenesis of postoperative low cardiac output syndrome. PMID- 7244398 TI - The prognosis of the outcome of comatose states. AB - Fifty different signs of coma are considered, and the twelve most important have been used to score the degree and progress of patients in coma, together with brain stem evoked responses. The inclusion of brain stem signs and symptoms is considered to be an important new element in this classification. PMID- 7244399 TI - Modular teaching of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation for nursing service personnel. AB - Hospital accrediting agencies are becoming increasingly concerned that all nursing service personnel should be proficient in the administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In response, our department had instituted a modular, self-learning CPR course, based on American Heart Association standards, which yields a high quality performance and decreases instruction time. PMID- 7244400 TI - [Clinical use of automatic pH/blood gas analysers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244401 TI - [Clinical usefulness of radioisotopic angiocardiography and cardiac blood pool scanning (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244403 TI - [Myocardial protection and coronary artery blood flow (6)]. PMID- 7244402 TI - [About our first computer for measurement of unilateral renal vein blood flow and its problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244404 TI - [201-T1 myocardial scintigraphy--contrast between visual and computer analysis]. PMID- 7244405 TI - [Two dimensional ultrasonic imaging of aorta for the diagnosis of aortic diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244406 TI - [Myocardial function in ischemic heart --clinical studies (2)]. PMID- 7244407 TI - [Studies on multiple breath nitrogen washout test (IDI) in patients with pulmonary silicosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244408 TI - [Study of left ventricular end-systolic pressure-dimension relations in anesthetized-open chest dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244409 TI - [Visualization of the right ventricle by T1-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244410 TI - [Studies on the motion of the anterior right ventricular wall in atrial septal defect by ultrasonocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244411 TI - [A case of WPW syndrome type B with supernormal conduction through the anomalous bypass (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244412 TI - [Myocardial protection and coronary artery blood flow (7)]. PMID- 7244413 TI - [Preoperative respiratory examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244415 TI - [Body plethysmography for measurements at different body positions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244414 TI - [Evaluation and management of patients after surgical repair of congenital heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244416 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244417 TI - [Drug therapy of dissecting aortic aneurysms: some problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244418 TI - [Influences of sex and aging on oxygen dissociation curves (ODC) correlated with 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate and hemoglobin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244419 TI - [Selective depressant effects of procainamide on the depolarized cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244420 TI - [Steady state and time-dependent slowing and conduction in acute myocardial ischemia-effect of lidocaine and verapamil (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244421 TI - [Right ventricular volume characteristics and function in patients with cyanotic heart diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244422 TI - [Pacemaker patient follow-up system by transmitting pacemaker and QRS signals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244424 TI - Specific airways conductance in guinea pigs: normal values and histamine induced fall. AB - A differential body plethysmograph was developed for direct determination of specific airway conductance (SGaw) in intact conscious guinea pigs, breathing spontaneously at room temperature. Box pressure changes were measured as differences between chest volume (delta V1) and air volume respired at atmospheric pressure (delta V2) and fed to X-axis of an X-Y recorder. Airflow signal was fed to its Y-axis. A loop was formed. The slope of the rising limb of this loop provided the ratio of airflow change during transition from expiration to inspiration (delta V2) and corresponding delta (V1-V2), which is practically free from "temperature-humidity artifact" because of minimal lung volume change over this period. This ratio delta V2/delta (V1-V2), when divided by barometric pressure after subtracting water vapour pressure at body temperature (PB-PH2O), gave the value of SGaw at normal end expiration, i.e., at functional residual capacity (FRC). In 42 male guinea pigs, used in this study, SGaw was found to be 0.48 +/- 0.06 sec-1 (cm H2O)-1, comparable to the value obtained by using available data regarding lung resistance and FRC. It was independent of body weight (250-750 g). Histamine induced fall in SGaw was determined by comparing the slopes of the rising limbs of the X-Y loops obtained after and before exposure to histamine aerosol. Log-normal plots of histamine base (W/V%) and SGaw, as % of control, were used to assess airway reactivity. PMID- 7244423 TI - [A case report of ventricular septal defect, dextrocardia and right hypoplastic lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244425 TI - Effect of transpulmonary pressure on blood-flow velocity in pulmonary microvessels. AB - Flow velocity in the microvessels (30 to 90 micron in diameter) on the exposed lung surface of anesthetized bullfrogs was measured during positive lung inflation by means of a laser Doppler microscope. From the pulsatile flow velocity contour generated by cardiac cycles, mean flow velocity (MV) and pulsatile amplitude (PA) were calculated and their alterations were studied as a function of transpulmonary pressure (TPP). At the lowest TPP of 1.3 +/- 0.8 cm H2O (mean +/- SD), MV and PA were 1.72 +/- 0.33 and 0.45 +/- 0.27 mm/sec, respectively. With moderate increments in TPP up to 2.8 +/- 1.3 cm H2O, both MV and PA increased, attaining maximum values of 2.11 +/- 0.42 and 0.69 +/- 0.28 mm/sec, respectively. But with further inflation they began to decrease, and there was a marked reduction or a complete arrest of blood flow at excessively high TPPs (6 to 9 cm H2O). With reduction of previously increased TPP, the alterations in MV and PA followed a pattern similar to that noted during elevation of TPP. There was an apparent hysteresis in both the MV-TPP and PA-TPP curves, most marked when excessively high TPP was applied. PMID- 7244426 TI - Airway anesthesia and respiratory response to methylcholine induced bronchoconstriction. AB - P0.1 and breathing pattern in response to acute methylcholine induced bronchoconstriction were studied with and without previous airway anesthesia in 6 normal subjects. In a randomized cross-over study, on two successive days, the subjects inhaled either 4% lidocaine hydrochloride or isotonic saline for 12 min, and then methylcholine for 3 min. FEV1, P0.1, and breathing patterns were measured at baseline and following each inhalation. Baseline values were changed neither by saline, nor by lidocaine, and methylcholine induced the same 18% decrease in FEV1 after each agent. Bronchospasm was not accompanied by a change in PACO2. After saline, methylcholine bronchospasm was associated with an increase of P0.1 from 1.0 +/- 0.2 (SEM) to 1.8 cm H2O +/- 0.3 (SEM) (P less than 0.05). During bronchospasm following airway anesthesia. P0.1 was increased from 1.1 +/- 0.2 (SEM) to 1.3 cm H2O +/- 0.3 (SEM), which was not significant. Comparing bronchospasm after saline to that after xylocaine we observed an increase in Ti afer xylocaine, which was correlated with the decrease in P0.1, suggesting that both were affected by airway anesthesia. We concluded that vagal airway receptors contribute to the increase in inspiratory drive which accompanies acute bronchospasm and also may contribute to the regulation of resting breathing pattern during bronchospasm in humans. PMID- 7244428 TI - Partial airway occlusion during sleep and waking in the dog. AB - Airflow was impeded for four consecutive hours in nine adult dogs in order to ascertain whether the sleeping pattern would be altered and whether the respiratory responses would differ according to the stage of sleep or waking. Partial airway occlusion (PAO) was induced by reducing the diameter of a tracheostomy tube by an average of 58% (i.e. to a final airway diameter of ca 3mm). This had the effect, during sleep, of significantly decreasing the respiratory rate by 21%, decreasing the minute volume by 31% and increasing PACO2 by 5 Torr (0.67 kPa) as compared to sleep in which respiration was unimpeded. There appeared to be no difference between REM sleep and Non-REM sleep in terms of the respiratory responses to the imposed stress. In the case of the waking state, the PAO did not elicit any statistically significant alteration of the respiratory parameters although there was a suggestion that the direction of change for each parameter was the same as in sleep. While respiration during sleep was unquestionably affected when the dogs were required to breathe through a plug with a very narrow opening, the gross sleep pattern remained unchanged. PMID- 7244427 TI - Oronasal distribution of respiratory airflow. AB - The oronasal distribution of respiratory airflow was determined during incrementally graded submaximal exercise in 30 (14 M, 16 F) healthy adult volunteers. Nasal airflow was measured by a pneumotachograph attached to a nasal mask. Oral airflow was determined as the difference between nasal airflow and total pulmonary airflow, the latter being measured by a head-out exercise body plethysmograph. The two airflow signals were sampled every 20 msec by a microprocessor, which calculated the oral and nasal minute volumes (separating inspiration and expiration) and produced an on-line print-out of the results. Twenty subjects ("normal augmenters") switched from nasal to oronasal breathing at a VE of 35.3 +/- 10.8 1 . min-1, four subjects ("mouth breathers") habitually breathed oronasally, five subjects ("nose breathers") persistently breathed through the nose only, and one subject showed no consistent nose/mouth breathing pattern. After the switch to oronasal breathing, the nasal portion of VE decreased suddenly to 57% of total VE. With a further increase of VE, oral minute volume increased rapidly, equalling nasal minute volume at a VE of 45 1 . min-1, and accounting for 61% of the total ventilation at high respiratory minute volumes (90 1 . min-1). During oronasal breathing, normal augmenters inspired some 2 1 . min-1 more nasally than they expired. Similarly, the nasal inspiration of mouth breathers exceeded expiration by 2 1 . min-1 at rest, but the difference increased to 13.51 . min-1 at a VE of 81.51 . min-1. PMID- 7244429 TI - Bronchial length and diameter behavior during bronchial collapse in excised dog lungs. AB - We compared changes in bronchial diameters (Dbr) and lengths (Lbr) in six excised dog lobes at 4 volume levels during deflation from 30 cm H2O under two conditions. First, intrabronchial and alveolar pressures were kept equal to zero during lung deflation; then, bronchial collapse was induced by negative intrabronchial pressure at several constant lung volumes. During the two procedures the major intrapulmonary bronchi were isolated from the rest of the lung by 10-15 beads blocking all tributary bronchi as previously described. Lbr was estimated with a linear displacement transducer connected by a thin rod to the most distal bead. Mean Dbr was calculated from Lbr and bronchial volume at each lung recoil pressure (PL) and at each intrabronchial pressure (Pbr). When PL decreased from full inflation in Condition 1, Dbr and Lbr decreased almost proportionately; however, in Condition 2 when PL (and thus lung volume) was kept constant and Pbr was reduced from 0 to -80 cm H2O, Lbr was reduced by only 5% (mean) whereas Dbr was reduced by 70% (mean) from initial near-homogeneous values. This suggested that, due to the interdependence in intact lungs, Lbr in intact lungs is almost constrained by changes in lung volume. By contrast, Dbr can undergo large reductions and the stiffness of intact bronchi is related mainly to PL. Thus, the intact bronchus has some of the characteristics of a thick-walled cylinder (where the wall includes surrounding parenchyma) in which longitudinal strain is small by comparison with circumferential strain. PMID- 7244430 TI - Decay of inspiratory muscle activity and breath timing in man. AB - Time required by moving average EMG of diaphragm and parasternal intercostal muscle to decay to 25% of its peak (T0.25) decreased of expiratory time (TE). Accordingly, relative decay rate (RDRI) of EMG increased of breathing frequency (f). This confirms conclusions based on decay of inspiratory muscle pressure under discontinuous inspiratory elastic load (DIL). Data were better fitted by power functions: only this combination of T0.25 vs. TE and RDRI vs. f equations provided a relationship fitting corresponding inspiratory time vs. TE data. For each timing, RDRI of EMG was higher under DIL than during unloaded breathing. Under DIL scattering of EMG data increased, coupling between diaphragm and parasternal muscle EMG decreased, and RDRI of EMG was higher than that of pressure, likely because of muscle intrinsic properties. This difference decreased with the increase of f: this could be due to recruitment of fast fibers at high f. Both during loaded and unloaded breathing T0.25 was proportional to time from peak to zero EMG, indicating that decay shape did not change with timing. PMID- 7244433 TI - Bubble dynamics in perfused tissue undergoing decompression. AB - A mathematical model describing bubble dynamics in a perfused tissue undergoing decompression is presented, taking into account physical expansion and inward diffusion from surrounding supersaturated tissue as growth promoting factors and tissue gas elimination by perfusion, tissue elasticity, surface tension and inherent unsaturation as resolving driving forces. The expected behavior after a step reduction of pressure of a bubble initially existing in the tissue, displaying both growth and resolution has been demonstrated. A strong perfusion dependence of bubble resolution time at low perfusion rates is apparent. The model can account for various exposure pressures and saturation fractions of any inert gas-tissue combination for which a set of physical and physiological parameters is available. PMID- 7244431 TI - Time course of intercostal afferent termination of the inspiratory process. AB - The influence exerted by several somatic nerves on the inspiratory off-switch mechanism has been assessed in decerebrate cats. These animals were paralyzed, artificially ventilated, and bilaterally vagotomized. Inspiratory activity was monitored by a phrenic neurogram. Brief stimulation of either the superficial radical nerve or the sciatic nerve had an inconsistent effect on both the depth of inspiration and the timing of the respiratory cycle. However, stimulation of the T6 intercostal nerve during inspiration elicited a premature phase switch to expiration. Distinct, repeatable thresholds were determined for 10 delays in 100 msec increments after the onset of inspiration. As the delay increased, the threshold current was observed to decrease in all 30 decerebrate cats studied. An increase in the end-expiratory %CO2 caused an elevation of the stimulus threshold. These results correspond to the known characteristics of the inspiratory off-switch. Also, since the intercostal afferents are not normally a major determinant of respiratory rhythmicity in eupnea, this work establishes intercostal nerve stimulation as a very useful technique in the study of inspiratory to expiratory phase switching mechanisms. PMID- 7244434 TI - [Diagnosis of chronic juvenile arthritis with the latex photometric test]. PMID- 7244432 TI - High oxygen affinity of maternal blood reduces fetal weight in rats. AB - In order to obtain information on the physiological significance of the difference in oxygen affinity between maternal and fetal blood, we have examined the effect of an acute increase of the oxygen affinity of maternal blood in pregnant rats, on fetal body weight, fetal brain and liver weights, placental weight, and the hematocrit of fetal blood. The increase in oxygen affinity was produced by exchange-transfusing pregnant rats on day 19 of gestation with blood that had been treated previously with sodium cyanate. As a result of the exchange transfusion, the difference in oxygen affinity between maternal and fetal blood essentially disappeared. Pregnant rats exchanged with normal blood served as controls. On day 21 of gestation, the fetal body weight and the fetal liver weight were significantly smaller by 18% and 25% respectively, in the group where the oxygen affinity of the maternal blood was acutely raised when compared to the controls. Also, the hematocrit of the fetal blood was significantly higher in the group where mothers had the high blood oxygen affinity. Placental weight and fetal brain weight were not significantly altered. We infer, that the reduction of fetal weight is due to fetal hypoxia which is caused by the abolishment of the difference in oxygen affinity between maternal and fetal blood. Human infants, whose birth weight is too small for their gestational age have a significantly increased postnatal mortality compared to babies with normal weight. We suppose that the increased mortality of newborns who are too small for their gestational age, represents a selective pressure that has favoured the evolution of a high oxygen affinity of fetal in comparison with maternal blood. PMID- 7244436 TI - [Comparison of ultrasound and myelographic findings in compressive syndromes in the lumbosacral vertebrae]. PMID- 7244435 TI - [HLA-B27 antigen in women with ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 7244437 TI - [Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and the morphological status of the bones in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7244440 TI - [Antigenic properties and occurrence of the anti-gelatin factor in rheumatoid sera]. PMID- 7244438 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in psoriasis]. PMID- 7244439 TI - [Humoral immunological phenomena in ankylosing spondylitis patients]. PMID- 7244441 TI - [Coronary disease risk factors in 40-to-59-year-old men with primary gout]. PMID- 7244443 TI - [Therapeutic rehabilitation of rheumatoid arthritis patients with impaired hand function]. PMID- 7244442 TI - [Methods of evaluation of the structural and functional state of the hands in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7244444 TI - [Evaluation of the structural and functional changes in the hands in rheumatoid arthritis after a 2-year rehabilitation]. PMID- 7244445 TI - [Early and intermediate gastric cancer. Clinical characteristics and survival (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244446 TI - [In vitro antibiotic sensitivity of 160 strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococci of human origin]. PMID- 7244448 TI - [Idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (Shy Drager's syndrome) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244447 TI - [Treatment of retained common duct stones with intraductal infusion of monooctanoin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244449 TI - [Clinical and epidemiologic study of arsenicism in northern Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244450 TI - [Continuing medical education and biomedical libraries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244451 TI - [Respiratory failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244452 TI - [Industrial medicine: scope and problems in Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244453 TI - [Genetic frequencies for Kell, Duffy, Xg, Lutheran, Diego, MNSs and Rh blood group systems in a hospital of Santiago, Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244454 TI - [Connective tissue disease associated with serum hyperviscosity syndrome and multiple immunological findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244456 TI - [Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of alcoholism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244457 TI - [Strychnine poisoning]. PMID- 7244455 TI - [Intrahepatic cholestasis (round table) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244459 TI - [Ecological disturbances caused by pesticides]. PMID- 7244458 TI - [Measles in the Jassy district: 1951-1979]. PMID- 7244460 TI - [The evolution of persistent chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 7244461 TI - [Transsexualism. Clinical and medicolegal considerations]. PMID- 7244462 TI - Gastrointestinal manifestations of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7244463 TI - Contributions to the study of electroencephalographic changes in bacterial and viral meningeal infections. PMID- 7244465 TI - [Geography of gastric cancer in eastern Transylvania and the Moldavian plateau]. PMID- 7244466 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hydatid cyst]. PMID- 7244464 TI - [Coexistence of acrokeratosis verruciformis with epidermolysis bullosa]. PMID- 7244467 TI - [Problems in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hydatid cyst. Experience of the Surgical Clinic I. of Jassy]. PMID- 7244469 TI - [Renal insufficiency in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7244470 TI - [Total gastrectomy in the treatment of gastric cancer]. PMID- 7244471 TI - [Value of osteosynthesis in dorsolumbar spinal fractures associated with spinal cord lesions]. PMID- 7244468 TI - [Toxic megacolon, a dramatic complication of hemorrhagic rectocolitis]. PMID- 7244472 TI - [Criteria for determining priorities in the evaluation of ecotoxic effects of chemical products]. PMID- 7244473 TI - [Procedure for obtaining drinking water from polluted waters]. PMID- 7244474 TI - [Acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning]. PMID- 7244475 TI - [Pyridaziniums (XI). Effect of N-2',4',6'-trimethoxyphenacyl bromide on 3 phenylpyridazine]. PMID- 7244477 TI - [Determination of the carcinogenic risk of diaminodibenzyl (DADB)]. PMID- 7244478 TI - [Method of complete purification of impurities in water]. PMID- 7244476 TI - [Serum and hepatic glutamic-oxalacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity in experimental iron-deficiency anemia in guinea pigs]. PMID- 7244479 TI - [Our experience in treating breast cancer]. PMID- 7244480 TI - [A new radiological concept of the evolution of hemophilic arthropathy]. PMID- 7244482 TI - [Value of electromyographic examination in occlusal dysfunction]. PMID- 7244481 TI - [The evolution of rheumatoid polyarthritis]. PMID- 7244483 TI - [Human Campylobacter infection]. PMID- 7244485 TI - [Left lateral hepatectomy for cavernous hemangioma]. PMID- 7244486 TI - [Apropos of a case of osteopetrosis in an infant]. PMID- 7244484 TI - [The Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Marginal notes on a case]. PMID- 7244488 TI - [Evolution of the classification of adrenergic receptors]. PMID- 7244487 TI - [Antagonists of pre-anesthetic medication current state of the problem]. PMID- 7244489 TI - [Possible bronchomotor effects of pindolol]. PMID- 7244490 TI - [Oculomotor lesions and myeloma: a case with a CT scan study (author's transl)]. AB - A 62 year-old woman presented with a unilateral, incomplete ophthalmoplegia, and pain in the territory of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. She had an IgG gamma 2-lambda 2 type myeloma. Opacification by phlebography of the cavernous sinus on the affected side was not possible, neither through the ophthalmic vein nor through the anastomotic coronal veins. This suggested invasion of the sella turcica. Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy led to rapid and almost total recovery. The lesion recurred 15 months later. Then there was a bilateral oculomotor palsy involving both external recti, and exophthalmos. CT Scan demonstrated a marked increase in size of the external recti. Special features in this case were the oculomotor paralysis and its occurrence as the initial sign of the disease, and its secondary localization in the orbits with bilateral muscle lesions. PMID- 7244492 TI - [Mutations affecting myelination in the mouse; their correlation to human diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Murine species appear to be particularly useful for studying myelinogenesis since the cell differentiation process occurs postnatally. The discovery of mutations in the mouse, whose phenotypic expression mainly involves myelination, has provided a new tool for approaching the neurobiology of myelin and its pathology. PMID- 7244491 TI - [Course of visual evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis. Electro-clinical correlations and pathophysiological considerations in 25 patients (author's transl)]. AB - 25 Multiple Sclerosis patients had Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) recorded at a one year interval. Abnormal VEPs were observed at least once in 21 patients. They were the only means to assess the lesional dissemination in 9 patients. Their contribution in the diagnostic classification is such that the proportion of "definite" cases rises from 44 to 80 per cent of the 25 cases. The degree of abnormality of the VEPs had no relation to the disability status and the whole severity of the disease. The main feature ws the variability of the VEP latencies at a one year interval: they seem to follow the remittent progressive course of the disease, whether visual pathways are clinically affected or not. These results are interpreted in the light of the pathophysiological data of the disease. In the cases with improvement or normalisation of the second VEPs, "en plaque" edema may be an important mechanism, sometimes free of demyelination so that true restitutio ad integrum may occur. PMID- 7244493 TI - [Electronystagmographic studies in patients with multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - An E.N.G. examination utilizing the pendular rotation test was carried out in 200 patients with multiple sclerosis who had been completely studied from the neurological point of view. The E.N.G. study did not only reveal a nystagmus in cases in which it was not detected by clinical examination but particularly it allowed the detailed analysis of different types of nystagmus the clinical examination of which had not permitted to reveal the components. The spontaneous nystagmus was proved to be particularly multiform in this disease. Quite often a combination of two or three types of nystagmus was recorded on the same E.N.G. The most frequent type was the dissociated nystagmus of abduction and secondly the vertical type. The pendular rotation test appeared to be very useful in revealing abnormalities mainly of the central type, in cases in which spontaneous nystagmus was not recorded. PMID- 7244494 TI - [The contribution of the pendular rotation test in the diagnosis of the spinal form of multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - Among 200 cases of multiple sclerosis which were studied, 41 had not presented any supraspinal manifestations. The simple E.N.G. examination discovered a spontaneous nystagmus in only three cases. On the contrary the pendular rotation test revealed disorders in most of the cases, chiefly abnormalities of central type. A comparative study of the age of patients, age of onset of the disease, duration and course suggested that none of these factors play a significant role in the frequency and the nature of the vestibular disorder. The high percentage of the cases in which subclinical abnormalities were discovered by the pendular rotation test shows that this method has a particular sensitivity regarding the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, in cases in which supraspinal symptoms are absent. PMID- 7244495 TI - [Dopaminergic receptors on lymphocytes in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (author's transl)]. AB - (3H) spiroperidol binding has been measured in lymphocytes from patients with Parkinson's disease and age matched healthy volunteers. A dramatic decrease (73 p. 100) in the number of binding sites Bmax without any variation of the affinity KD has been observed in untreated Parkinsonian patients. This decrease in Bmax is linearly correlated with the degree of disability of the Parkinsonian patients (r = 0.891, p less than 0.001). This decrease appeared to be relatively selective since no variation was observed with patients suffering of other neurological disorders. The possible relationships with the number of striatal dopamine receptors are discussed. With levodopa therapy, Bmax had the same mean value as in control subjects. This result means that levodopa induces an increase in lymphocyte binding sites and in five patients this increase could be observed by study before and during drug administration. In some severely disabled patients who had received levodopa for several years, Bmax was found much lower or higher than the mean value, which may suggest different interpretations of drug unefficiency. PMID- 7244496 TI - [Spatial disorientation. Report of 5 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Five observations characterized by an isolated topographical disorientation without any intellectual impairment are reported. One was associated to a topographical confabulation. Aetiological data and clinical associations are discussed. In three cases, the site of lesion, as indicated by surgery and CT Scan, involves the posterior part of the right hemisphere. The occurrence of this syndrome may be ascribed to three possible factors: amnesia (topographical amnesia) agnosia (topographical agnosia) and apraxia. PMID- 7244497 TI - [Histopathologic effects of AH-26 and calcium hydroxide and mixtures of both in subcutaneous tissue of rats]. PMID- 7244499 TI - [Vascularization and innervation of the pulp of endodontic interest]. PMID- 7244498 TI - [Factors affecting the antiseptic and biological actions of drugs in root canal]. PMID- 7244500 TI - [Psychomotor deficits in the Brazilian student]. PMID- 7244501 TI - [Phenomenon observed in pHmetry at the gastroesophagic junction-latency II time]. PMID- 7244502 TI - [Chronic infection at the suture line after ventricular aneurysmectomy - report of 2 cases treated successfully]. PMID- 7244503 TI - [Electromanometric study of the esophagus in dogs]. PMID- 7244504 TI - [Behavior of plasma magnesium in the acute phase of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7244505 TI - [Uremic pleural effusion]. PMID- 7244506 TI - [The use of ultrasonography and computerized tomography of the abdomen]. PMID- 7244507 TI - [Fulminating hepatitis in children with hydronephrosis, multiple transfusion and surgical manipulations]. PMID- 7244508 TI - [Recent studies of physiopathology of the infectious process. 3 major pathogenetic models]. AB - With reference to recent bibliographical data and their own experience, the authors discuss the existence of three major mechanisms (models) in toxi infectious aggression, namely: -- direct, cellular, performed by toxin-enzymes, aggressins, hemolysins, invasins, cytopathogenic effects; -- unspecifically mediated (by nervous or humoral mediators); -- specific mediators (by immune effectors, humoral immunoaggressive mechanisms or cellular induced mechanisms). The text is illustrated by examples with reference to aetiological entities than can be listed in the corresponding pathogenetic system and therapeutical lines. PMID- 7244509 TI - [Current data on diarrhea of Vibrio etiology. I. Current studies on diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae 0:1]. AB - Cholera, a problem of public health, as well as the other diarrheas included in the notion of diarrheic disease of infectious aetiology, has been the subject during the last two decades of extensive investigations, whose results tend to modify classical knowledge and therefore the mode of understanding of the diarrheic disease in general and of cholera in particular. The authors review recent progress in the domain of taxonomy, pathogeny (enterotoxins immunodeterminants), sensitivity to antibiotics and chemotherapeutical agents, problems of epidemiology, bacteriological diagnosis (atypical aspects) phagotypes and vibriocin typing, active immunization. PMID- 7244511 TI - [Influence of environmental factors on the spread of lambliasis in collectivities of small children]. AB - In 1977, coproparazitological examinations, prophylactic and therapeutical studies were carried on 225 children in 14 day nurseries and homes in Cluj Napoca; 21.57% of children suffered from intestinal parasitosis, giardiasis being found in 92.13% of the infested children. The high incidence of giardiasis led the authors to investigate the hygienic level of the environment. The high frequency of enterobacteriaceae opportunists (77.59%), identified on the hands of the personnel and on certain objects manipulated by the children, pointed to fecal pollution and poor sanitary conditions. The contaminated objects are sources of propagation of Giardia lamblia cysts. The increased incidence of giardiasis and of enterobacteriaceae opportunists in the environment were found both in the communities with many children and in those with few children. PMID- 7244512 TI - [Active detection of intestinal parasitic diseases in a sample of general school students in the district of Braila]. PMID- 7244510 TI - [Enterotoxicity of NAG vibrios]. AB - Eighty six of 105 vibrio NAG strains, tested by ligation of the rabbit intestinal loop, presented enterotixigenic properties. A proportion of 97.4% of the strains belonging to biochemical group I presented a positive test, as compared to 71.4% of the strain belonging to biochemical group II. The results clearly revealed the seasonal character (June to August) of the incidence of NAG vibrios in the samples and the enterotoxicity. Enterotoxic strains were more frequent in the fish and feces samples than in water samples. This might suggest the possible induction of enterotoxigenesis by various as yet unknown mechanisms. PMID- 7244515 TI - [Experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in mice. I. Immunopathological aspects of intraperitoneal infection]. PMID- 7244516 TI - Toxic effects of high doses of amphotericin B in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis. PMID- 7244518 TI - The scientific paper. PMID- 7244517 TI - [Treatment of acute bacterial pneumopathies with cefaclor]. PMID- 7244519 TI - Phenomenological access to consciousness in psychiatry. II. The transformations of consciousness. PMID- 7244520 TI - Relationship between density of the blood vessel network and cell proliferation in the chick embryo wing bud. PMID- 7244521 TI - The ape-men fallacy. PMID- 7244514 TI - Study on the growth promotion capacity of calf serum for animal cells in vitro. PMID- 7244524 TI - Low-cost science. PMID- 7244527 TI - Phenomenological access to the consciousness in psychiatry, III. Pathology of self-consciousness. PMID- 7244513 TI - [Recent proposals for nomenclature and classification of Enterobacteriaceae]. AB - The authors review recent proposals concerning the taxonomy and nomenclature of Enterobacteriaceae, underlining the differences with respect to the classification in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th edition. The comments are accompanied by tables showing the various more practical tests used for differentiating the taxonomic groups up to species levels. PMID- 7244525 TI - Prediction and control: the only aim of biological research? PMID- 7244526 TI - Bios, ethos and logos. Biological and cultural evolution. PMID- 7244523 TI - [Comparative studies on metabolite levels in skeletal muscle following denervation and tenotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244528 TI - Life as a non-historical reality. PMID- 7244522 TI - [Resynthesis of adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine in skeletal muscle during recovery from exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244529 TI - Effect of pigeon pea (Arhar) mosaic virus strains (AMM & ASM) on the extractable leaf protein of Arhar, Cajanus cajan L. Millisp. PMID- 7244531 TI - [Physico-clinic bases of tympanic impedance and its indications for a correct evaluation of the efficiency of the typano-tubal system in flight personnel (jet pilots)]. PMID- 7244530 TI - [Melamine action on biomphalaria glabrata say (mollusca, gasteropoda) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244532 TI - [Pathology of neuropsychiatric importance among the inmates of a military prison: its incidence in relation to the type of crime and length of detention]. PMID- 7244534 TI - [Use of medical helicopters in air rescue]. PMID- 7244535 TI - [New frontiers in air transportation of the sick and injured]. PMID- 7244536 TI - [First-aid treatment in caustic corneo-conjunctival injuries]. PMID- 7244533 TI - [Traumatic detachment of the distal tendon of the biceps brachialis muscle]. PMID- 7244539 TI - [Medico-legal considerations on the activities of the military physician in first aid]. PMID- 7244538 TI - [First aid in drug abuse. Possibility of emergency medical intervention in a military environment]. PMID- 7244540 TI - [Cisternography with metrizamide and computerized axial tomography (CAT]. PMID- 7244537 TI - [First aid in traumatic injuries of the eye]. PMID- 7244541 TI - [Relation between the clinical and cerebrospinal fluid parameters in multiple sclerosis, with special reference to subjects without oligoclonal IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - 120 patients with clinically definite or probable Multiple Sclerosis (MS) were studied by Isoelectric focusing of cerebrospinal fluid and serum proteins. Of the 62 patients with definite MS, 56 (90%) had IgG oligoclonal bands only in CSF, while in the group with probable MS 44 patients over 58 (75,8%) showed the same finding. The group of 20 patients with normal IgG profile has been compared with a group of 22 patients selected by random out of the 100 with IgG oligoclonal bands. No statistically significant difference was discovered between these groups but a tendency to present an higher age at onset and a longer duration of the disease in the group with a normal IgG pattern than in the patients with oligoclonal bands was pointed out. PMID- 7244543 TI - [A case of recurrent ophthalmoplegia dolorosa (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome)]. PMID- 7244542 TI - [Malformation of lumbosacral radicular sheaths. Considerations on a clinical case]. PMID- 7244546 TI - [The problem of private insurance for patients with epilepsy (author's transl)]. AB - 324 epileptics were questioned about their approach to private insurance. Only 9,26% of them were covered by a life or accident insurance policy: 3,70% had life insurance, 3,70% accident insurance and 1,86% both. None of the patients had declared his disability to the insurance company. In 6,17% of the 324 epileptic cases an insurance policy had been taken out by their parents. In comparison about 35% of the Italian population in general are insured. A questionnaire was sent to 20 insurance companies; only 5 of them replied, saying that as far as accidents were concerned, they considered epileptics uninsurable. As for life insurance, policies can be contracted at increased premiums, according to the individual case (including the severity of the illness). Physicians must give epileptics fuller information about their insurance plans because, if their illness is detected after an accident, they will find themselves not covered by insurance. Government intervention is called for with the setting-up of special funds for this purpose. PMID- 7244545 TI - [Epileptic patients: work and entailing risks (author's transl)]. AB - We made a survey of 450 epileptic patients to find out how their disability affected their jobs and what risks were involved. 60% of the patients questioned had jobs. Those who did not work had frequent attacks and neurological and/or psychiatric handicaps. About 50% of the working epileptic patients were self employed against a figure of 35% for the self-employed population in our region. In 6.6% of the cases, accidents had occurred at work because of attacks. In half of these cases the accident was not serious and in the other of no account. There is little difference between the Italian population in general and the epileptic when we consider the risks involved at work. This may be attributed to the prudence and common sense the patients show in their choice of work (when this is possible) and in the way they perform their work. Italian law on civil disability limits the work for which epileptics may be employed. For this reason they very often hide their illness from their employer and co-workers. PMID- 7244547 TI - [The driving license and epilepsy (author's transl)]. AB - Italy is one of the few countries in Europe with no legislation specifically concerning driving licenses and epilepsy. We made a survey of 321 epileptics all over 18 years of age; 80,4% of them had epilepsy (temporal lobe). 47,7% of the 321 had a driving license, 2,8% had their license withdrawn because of epilepsy. The frequency of attacks among those with licenses was as follows: 52,9% rarely had attacks (1 every 2 years or even less often), 17,7% had attacks yearly and 29,4% had frequent attacks (1 a month, 1 a week or even daily). About 2% of the patients examined had had accidents because of attacks; none of the accidents were very serious. In spite of the lack of legislation, a high number of patients has driving license. However our investigations have shown that they were careful in their driving and scrupulous about treatment and medical check-ups. The main problem is that epileptics with a driving license may encounter serious difficulties with insurance companies if they have a car accident. It is to be hoped that in Italy appropriate measures are taken parallel to those of other European Countries. PMID- 7244544 TI - [Anterior interosseus nerve syndrome (Kiloh-Nevin) (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors describe two cases of "Anterior interosseus nerve syndrome" with spontaneous recovery. The etiopathogenesis of the syndrome is discussed after reviewing the anatomy of the nerve and muscles, as well as diagnostic procedures. The main clinical features are: 1) no sensory troubles, 2) impairment of muscles innervated by interosseus nerve (flexor pollicis longus, external portion of flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus). The electrophysiological confirmation of the diagnosis is based on EMG findings, while conduction velocity appears to be complementary but not conclusive. The therapeutic aspects are discussed. PMID- 7244548 TI - [Institutionalized epileptic patients in the "Marche" region (preliminary data) (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this survey was to gather information about long stay epileptic patients in 16 institutions of the "Marche" region. The 203 institutionalized subjects were examined and the information fed into computer. All the patients, in addition to epilepsy, had psychiatric and or neurological handicaps, which were often more disabling than their epilepsy (with difficult social adjustment in most cases). The socio-economic level of the families was usually rather low. Ths survey showed satisfactory as well as unsatisfactory aspects of rehabilitation facilities, equipment, medical and para-medical staff, in these institutions. The deficiencies were mostly caused by the lack of coordination and programming at regional level. Each institution, in effect, acted independently. PMID- 7244549 TI - [Semiquantitative determination of destruction dynamics at the joints of hands and feet in rheumatoid arthritis-two roentgenological methods controlling the course of the disease as part of treatment studies (author's transl)]. AB - The article discusses briefly the problem of classifying the degree of severity in rheumatoid arthritis. The selection of the X-ray film criteria which are best representative of the destruction dynamics, is explained. Two measurement methods are described which can be used to visualise and to measure the dynamics of the destructive processes. The destruction dynamics can be visualised graphically in a co-ordinate system or as a quotient series via calculatory or planimetric evaluation - at a later stage, this can be done photometrically. It is stated that both methods, namely, the one using the standardised evaluation foil and the one utilising the special transparent foil, can yield information on the extent and progress of joint destructions. PMID- 7244550 TI - [Computerised tomography as a means to classify bladder tumours according to stages (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of examinations carried out in 27 patients (26 histologically verified carcinomas of the bladder), it is shown that computerised tomography considerably improved the preoperative classification, into stages, of the bladder tumours coming up for surgery. Endovesical growth cannot be differentiated with certainty. Perivesical expansion of tumours and the identification of lymphatic node metastasis can be covered significantly better by computerised tomography than by other methods. PMID- 7244552 TI - [Phlebography, a safe and simple method in the diagnosis of renal agenesia/dysgenesia (author's transl)]. AB - It is not possible to completely exclude the possibility of errors in clinical and urographic suspicion of renal agenesia/dysgenesia, using sonography, computerised tomography or arteriography. Phlebography yields the most unequivocal findings; in fact, this method is particularly applicable in case of desired withdrawal of venous blood for the purpose of determination of renin. Attention must be paid to variation in venous drainage on both sides, especially, however, on the left side. Dysplastic pelvic kidneys are probably detected most safely by means of computerised tomography. PMID- 7244551 TI - [A contribution to the diagnosis of renal hamartoma (angiography, sonography, computerised tomography) (author's transl)]. AB - In two cases of renal hamartoma, the examination methods of angiography, sonography and computerised tomography are introduced. Angiography yields the correct preoperative diagnosis. In one of the two cases under discussion, computerised tomography supported the angiographic finding or supplied sufficient proof in itself. In both cases, sonography yielded information on the diagnosis of the space-occupying process only. PMID- 7244553 TI - [Multiple pulmonary leiomyomatosis hamartoma (author's transl)]. AB - The multiple pulmonary leiomyomatosis hamartoma (MPLH) is rare. Typical is the difference between the marked pulmonary alterations on chest X-ray film and the poor symptomatology. The (MPLH) is observed nearly only in women. The diagnosis is linked to pathological-histological findings. PMID- 7244554 TI - Senile cardiac amyloid is related to prealbumin. AB - The major component, protein ASC, isolated from the amyloid fibrils in senile cardiac amyloidosis, was characterized by structural studies of some peptic peptides. One of the peptides has an amino acid sequence identical to residues 70 90 in human prealbumin, and three other smaller peptides have a primary structure identical to that in positions 96-107, 109-115 and 121-127. The amino acid composition of the protein resembles that of human prealbumin but shows some characteristic differences. The protein has a blocked N-terminus and gives no visible precipitin reaction with antiserum to human prealbumin. PMID- 7244555 TI - Family of large surface proteins on human lymphocytes. AB - Cell surface molecules of T-rosette-positive human peripheral blood lymphocytes were labelled by lactoperoxidase and examined on 5% polyacrylamide gels. Several bands, ranging in molecular weight from 220,000 to 170,000 daltons, were seen. Analysis of the tryptic and chymotryptic digests of the 187K, 200K, 210K and 220K proteins indicated that they are of similar peptide composition. Study of clones derived from this population indicated that individual cells within a population differed in expression of these proteins. PMID- 7244556 TI - Traveller's hepatitis. Origin and characteristics of cases in Copenhagen 1976 1978. AB - This study concerns 105 patients with acute viral hepatitis, apparently contracted abroad. They comprised 27% of all cases of traveller's hepatitis notified in Denmark during 1976 to 1978. 88% were HBsAg-negative, probably type A hepatitis. 85% of the patients were aged 18-45 years. Two-thirds of all patients had been on individual journeys for more than 2 weeks, mainly in Africa or Southern Asia. Areas of risk for tourist group travellers (30 cases) were established to be Northern and Central Africa. The data support the present restricted use of immune serum globulin rather than general prophylaxis to all travellers. PMID- 7244557 TI - Fc rosette inhibition by serum of patients with infective endocarditis. AB - The inhibition of lymphocyte Fc rosette formation was studied in sera of patients with infective endocarditis. The pretreatment value of sensitised chicken erythrocyte (EA) rosette inhibition was 37.9 +/- 7.8%; in controls it was 4.1 +/- 1.3% (P less than 0.001). The posttreatment value was 2.8 +/- 2.1%. Six patients had culture-negative infective endocarditis, and in them the value of EA rosette inhibition was higher than in the others (42.3 +/- 7.1%). The measurement of circulating immune complexes may be a diagnostic tool in patients with culture negative infective endocarditis. PMID- 7244558 TI - Recovery of Clostridium difficile from children. AB - The occurrence of Clostridium difficile in faecal specimens of 218 children, aged 2 weeks to 15 years, was studied. The organism was recovered from 43 (20%) of the children (range 2 weeks to 10 years). The isolation frequency was significantly correlated to age. Thus, in children 1 to 8 months of age the organism occurred in 64%, while in children below and above that age C. difficile could only be recovered in 4%. No significant difference in the recovery frequency could be demonstrated between children with (23%) and without (17%) gastroenteritis. C. difficile occurred numerically more often in non-antibiotic treated children (22%) than in those given such drugs (13%). None of the children in the present study had evidence of pseudomembranous colitis. A comparative study of different selective media did not demonstrate any difference in the recovery frequency of C. difficile. The media used were Chopped Meat Glucose broth with cycloserine and either kanamycin or cefoxitin, and Cycloserine-Cefoxitin-Fructose agar. PMID- 7244559 TI - Increased lymphocyte adenosine deaminase in typhoid fever. AB - Adenosine deaminase in the peripheral lymphocytes (L-ADA) was determined in 27 patients with typhoid fever and in 15 normal controls. Increased values of enzymatic activity were found in the typhoid fever patients compared with the controls. The increase was prolonged and not correlated to treatment. L-ADA levels could be related to the immune response. PMID- 7244560 TI - Tobramycin therapy of serious infections. Pharmacological aspects and side effects. AB - Plasma concentrations and side effects were followed in 52 adults treated with tobramycin for 4-39 days (mean 12.2 days). In order to obtain 1-h peak levels above the recommended 4 microgram/ml in patients with normal renal function, loading doses of 160 mg followed by 100-120 mg every 8 h were usually necessary. Both the leading dose and the mean daily dose of 304 mg were higher than usually recommended. Great individual variations in doses required were found and nomograms were of little value. Reduced maintenance doses were given to patients with impaired renal function. Adequate treatment required plasma level determinations 2-3 times a week. The high dose of tobramycin regimen used in this study implied that 30% of the trough levels exceeded 2 microgram/ml. The frequency of clinically significant side effects were, however, low and the treatment was only interrupted once because of a decrease in renal function. Temporary reduction in renal function probably related to tobramycin was found in 6 patients, and 5 patients got temporary disturbances of vestibular function. One patient experienced a temporary hearing loss and 2 patients a permanent hearing loss, which might have been caused by simultaneous treatment with furosemide and tobramycin. PMID- 7244561 TI - Adverse reactions to intravenous administration of fusidic acid. AB - To study adverse reactions associated with intravenous administration of fusidic acid 6 patients were treated with fusidic acid intravenously in association with a major large bowl operation, and 9 patients were treated in the same way because of staphylococcal infections. The main adverse reaction was thrombophlebitis, which occurred in as many as 12 of 14 patients who were treated for 2 days or longer. Three surgical patients developed postoperative hyperbilirubinaemia, but studies of liver function before and during treatment in 6 of the patients with staphylococcal disease revealed no adverse liver reactions. Intravenous administration of fusidic acid into a peripheral vein for 24 h or more involves an extremely high risk of developing thrombophlebitis. PMID- 7244563 TI - Subacute bacterial endocarditis due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. AB - A case of infective endocarditis in a 59-year-old female caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is reported. The organism was recovered from 9 blood cultures. Despite treatment with penicillin and gentamicin the illness led to destruction of the aortic valve. PMID- 7244562 TI - Penetration of ampicillin and dicloxacillin into tissue cage fluid in rabbits: relation to serum and tissue protein binding. AB - The pharmacokinetics of ampicillin and dicloxacillin following intravenous injection was studied in a tissue cage model in rabbits. Serum protein binding was 98.6% for dicloxacillin and 46.7% for ampicillin, and there were no major differences between the degree of binding in tissue case fluid. The highly bound dicloxacillin gave lower but more sustained levels in tissue cage fluid than ampicillin, and showed a very long elimination half-life. The findings suggest that the flow of albumin into the interstitial space could be of importance for the tissue penetration of highly protein bound antibiotics. The results also indicate dose-dependent pharmacokinetics for dicloxacillin. PMID- 7244564 TI - Histopathological studies of kidney and bladder after ileovesical diversion in dogs. AB - The histopathological changes in bladder and kidneys after diversion of the contents of the small intestine to the urinary bladder were studied in 8 mongrel dogs, 6 to 48 months postoperatively. The bladder showed a moderate inflammatory reaction, a slight hyperplasia of the epithelium, and a slight to moderate submucosal fibrosis. These changes did not seem to grow worse with increasing observation time. These results indicated that there were no major risks for progressive bladder contraction. Renal pelvises showed mild chronic inflammation and slight fibrous thickening of the wall. Localized pyelonephritic scarring was observed in one out of 10 kidneys, the other 9 being normal. PMID- 7244566 TI - Pyelorenal backflow during retrograde pyelography in adult patients. AB - In a consecutive series of 103 retrograde pyelographies in adult patients suspect of disease in the upper urinary tract, the overall incidence of pyelorenal backflow was 18%. Pyelosinous backflow--seen in 11%--was much more frequent in kidneys with obstructed ureter (20%) than in non-obstructed kidneys (3%). Intrarenal backflow, so far regarded as a rare form of backflow, was almost as frequent as pyelosinous backflow. It occurred in 13% of kidneys with obstructed ureter as opposed to 7% in non-obstructed kidneys. Intrarenal backflow mostly involved only a section of the kidney, in 75% of cases in the upper pole. It occurred both in diseased and in apparently normal kidneys. Pyelosinous and intrarenal backflow in the same kidney was seen in 2% of cases. PMID- 7244565 TI - The renal pelvis and ureteral peristalsis. II. The pelvic pressure and its relation to the frequency of ureteral peristalsis. AB - The coordination between the renal pelvis and ureteral peristalsis is an important part of the hydrodynamics of the upper urinary tract. Pelvic pressure and frequency of ureteral peristalsis were registered simultaneously in 28 adult, female dogs. A mathematical analysis of these observation showed a non-linear relation of a "power function" in approximately 85% of the investigations. Hysteresis was demonstrated between the power functions of the increasing and of the subsequent decreasing diuresis in 15 of the examined dogs. It was concluded that the renal pelvis in a monocalyceal system governs the frequency of ureteral peristalsis and that hysteresis represents a viscoelastic action of the smooth muscle tissue. PMID- 7244567 TI - Regulation of iron therapy by S-ferritin estimations in patients on chronic hemodialysis. AB - Serum ferritin estimation was compared with bone marrow hemosiderin staining in the primary diagnosis of iron deficiency and overload in 19 patients on chronic hemodialysis. Serum ferritin estimation had a high predictive value: all 8 patients with marrow iron grade III had elevated S-ferritin values, and 3 out of 5 iron-deficient patients had subnormal values, the other 2 low-normal values. Serum iron and transferrin estimation was of very little value. Prophylactic treatment with 100 mg iron sulphate daily p.o. was inadequate for 13 of the 19 patients: 8 had iron overload. 5 had iron deficiency. Iron sulphate therapy was monitored by bone marrow hemosiderin and serum ferritin values and 15 patients could be followed up for one year. It was shown that serum ferritin estimations could be used to monitor the iron therapy. PMID- 7244568 TI - Neuromuscular dysfunction of the lower urinary tract with special reference to the influence of the sympathetic nervous system. AB - Filling cystometry, urethral and anal sphincter electromyography, pressure-flow registration, urethral closure pressure profile at rest and after alpha adrenoceptor blockade with phentolamine, evoked potential of the bulbocavernosus reflex and denervation supersensitivity to carbachol in a-reflexic bladders were performed in 57 consecutive patients with a localized neurological lesion, in order to evaluate the relative importance of the somatic, the parasympathetic and especially the sympathetic nervous system for the function of the lower urinary tract. In spinal lesions with detrusor hyperreflexia, dyscoordination between detrusor and striated urethral sphincter was dominant, while in cauda equina lesions and in lesions of the pelvic nerves the lack of parasympathetic bladder innervation dominated. It was not possible to identify specific spinal segments controlling sympathetic nervous regulation of the lower urinary tract. The only influence of the sympathetic nervous system was a control of urethral pressure, where a statistically significant smaller proportion of the maximal urethral pressure was affected after alpha-adrenergic blockade in patients with peripheral nerve lesions. All a-reflexic bladders exhibited denervation supersensitivity to carbachol, while carbachol did not change urethral pressure significantly indicating minimal influence of the parasympathetic nervous system on urethral pressure. PMID- 7244569 TI - Gangrenous cystitis. A case report. AB - Below is presented a case of bladder gangrene, delivery of the entire bladder wall per urethram, and spontaneous healing. The aetiology and treatment of gangrenous cystitis are reviewed in 21 cases reported in the literature over the past 45 years. PMID- 7244570 TI - Appendico-vesical fistula and persistent urachus in a patient with hematuria. AB - A 35-year-old man had been treated with sulfamethizole on 6 occasions because of recurrent urinary tract infections. Furthermore, he had experienced diffuse monosymptomatic hematuria for 15 years. Cystoscopy and biopsy demonstrated irregular intestinal mucosa. Physical examination and intravenous urography were normal. Preoperative diagnosis was urachus-derived adenoma with the possibility of adenocarcinoma. At operation a typical urachus and--surprisingly--an appendico vesical fistula was found. PMID- 7244571 TI - Persistent water diuresis in renal amyloidosis. A case report. AB - A 67-year-old male with previous history of osteomyelitis presented with persistent thirst and polyuria. His urine remained hyposmolar to plasma after overnight fasting and administration of pitressin. Biopsy and postmortem examination revealed renal amyloidosis with involvement of many glomeruli and smaller vessels. Amyloid was also found in the medulla, particularly around the collecting tubules. It is suggested that amyloid interfered directly with diffusion of water through the walls of the collecting tubules. PMID- 7244573 TI - Human neurolathyrism, a follow-up study of 200 patients. Part I: Clinical investigation. AB - Two hundred patients with chronic neurolathyrism were clinically examined, 25 to 35 years after exposure to the lathyrus sativus pea. All the patients were prisoners in a labour camp under similar nutritional and physical conditions at the outbreak of the syndome. The main symptoms were spastic paraparesis and a neurogenic bladder, both of varying degree. In addition lower motor neuron involvement with muscular atrophies was noticed in 14 cases and simulated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A lathyric sensory neuropathy was found in 12 patients. No cranial lesions or psychiatric disorders were found. Laboratory tests including 5 CSF specimens were normal. HLA typing was unremarkable. Our overall impression was that chronic neurolathyrism in the long run shows a gradually slow progressive course. PMID- 7244574 TI - Human neurolathyrism, a follow-up study. Part II: Special investigations. AB - Special investigations were undertaken in the group of patients suffering from chronic neurolathyrism as described in part one of our work. X-ray films of the skeleton were taken of 45 patients. Pathologic findings similar to experimental osteolathyrism were revealed in 5 patients. These observations have not been described before. Sural nerve biopsies were taken from three patients with lathyric sensory neuropathy. Electron microscopy revealed mainly thick myelin sheaths which extended into the axonal regions. The picture is similar to the "tomaculous" neuropathy of Bradley. The lower motor neuron was involved in a few cases, manifested by delayed nerve conduction time and muscular atrophies. PMID- 7244575 TI - A case of necrotic myelopathy due to a spinal vascular malformation (Foix Alajouanine's disease). AB - A woman of 65 years, after a period of painful paraesthesiae in the legs, developed a polyneuritic syndrome and also sphincter disturbance. At first the c.s.f. showed albuminocytological dissociation. The polyneuropathy was initially thought to be of diabetic origin, as the blood sugar was moderately raised. For nearly two years the symptoms were not very disabling, in spite of variations in severity, but then there was a sudden onset of severe paraplegia with a sensory level of D 6--7 and bilateral extensor responses. Myelography was abnormal but inconclusive. Her clinical condition gradually deteriorated and severe pressure sores developed. Death occurred five years after the appearance of the first symptoms. Post-mortem examination revealed diffuse necrosis in most of the thoracic region of the cord which showed at this level a large arterio-venous angioma on its posterior part. PMID- 7244572 TI - [Nomothetic and idiographic methodology in psychiatry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7244576 TI - [Depressive syndromes in Mannheim's immigrants. Results of an epidemiological study]. PMID- 7244578 TI - Histopathological findings in joint diseases. Comparison with enzymatic changes and clinical laboratory data. AB - The histopathological diagNoses of 155 rheumatoid and osteoarthrotic patients, when made without knowing the clinical data, were in agreement with that made by clinicians in 70% of cases. No single histological feature was pathognomonic for either disease, though synovial tissue was most important for the diagnosis. Some correlations between histopathological changes, enzymatic status of joint compartments and the clinical laboratory data were found, but only in the case of mild synovitis. In the more severe synovitis cases, and in diseased cartilage and bone of rheumatoid and osteoarthrotic joints, the enzymatic changes were not systematically related with particular histopathological features. The histology reflects the past, while the enzymatic status anticipates the forthcoming events. PMID- 7244577 TI - [Suicide at the Beverin Clinic, 1920-1979. The increase of suicides in psychiatric clinics]. AB - Suicides in the psychiatric clinic Beverin. A contribution to the discussion of the increasing suicides of psychiatric in-patients. In the psychiatric clinic Beverin GR suicides have significantly increased within the past two decades in comparison with all hospital discharges and with the suicide rates in the general population of the canton the clinic is situated in (Graubunden). The causes considered here are the changes in the hospital management resulting in a more liberal treatment, which may have put too great a stress upon a number of patients. In some cases of depressive psychosis the use of activating antidepressive drugs was related to suicide. Rehabilitative situations should not be created at the expense of a feeling of security, especially for patients suffering from psychotic disorders. PMID- 7244579 TI - Radiological assessment of knees in juvenile chronic arthritis (juvenile rheumatoid arthritis). AB - Radiological changes in the knees were assessed in those patients with juvenile chronic arthritis who still had evidence of knee involvement 5 years after onset of the disease. The patients were grouped according to age and mode of onset. Osteoporosis, modelling abnormalities, growth arrest lines and joint narrowing were found, but erosive change was less common. Tables are given correlating age of onset of disease with radiologic changes. PMID- 7244580 TI - On the pathogenesis of rheumatoid synovitis. Comments after the plenary lectures at the XVIII Nordic Rheumatology Congress (12). PMID- 7244581 TI - Scoliosis in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is an unusual causative factor of scoliosis in childhood. Among 320 patients with JRA in Sweden, 17 (5.3%) had structural scoliosis of thoracic and lumbar spine. This frequency is considerably higher than in the normal population. The mean age when scoliosis was first noted was 12.4 years, corresponding to a mean duration of the JRA of 7.4 years. A curvature exceeding 20 degrees was found in 12 out of the 17 patients. The scoliosis in our patients was associated with severe and protracted polyarthritis of early onset and involvement of hip joints and cervical spine. Contracture of the hip with pelvic tilt was found in 13 and torticollis in 3 of the patients. These factors, in addition to growth disturbances and probable inflammatory processes of spinal joints, may explain the development of the scoliosis. PMID- 7244582 TI - Arthritis associated with Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. AB - Among 342 patients with infection due to Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni, 8 cases (2.3%) of arthritis were found. Three patients had monoarthritis and 5 oligoor polyarthritis. The arthritis began 4 days - 4 weeks after the onset of diarrhoea; this interval and the synovial fluid findings suggest that the arthritis was reactive. The histocompatibility antigen HLA-B 27 was identified in 5 of the 7 patients tested. PMID- 7244583 TI - Common serological features in rheumatoid arthritis and yersinia arthritis. Demonstration of rheumatoid factors and antibodies against ssDNA and Yersinia enterocolitica Lipopolysaccharide by ELISA. AB - Sera from 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from 49 patients with Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 infection were examined for the presence of rheumatoid factors (RF) and antibodies against denatured (ss) DNA and Y. enterocolitica 0:3 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Anti-ssDNA antibodies of IgG class were found equally often in the RA as in yersinia patients. The IgM-anti-ssDNA antibody levels were also elevated in the yersinia patients, whereas the RA patients had elevated levels of IgA-anti ssDNA antibodies. High levels of RF were seen in the RA patients and an increase in IgA-RF activity was observed during the acute stage in the yersinia arthritis patients. An overlap in the serological profiles of RA and yersinia arthritis was further seen in th results of the anti-Y. enterocolitica LPS determinations, a anti-LPS antibodies of IgG class were present not only in yersiniosis but also in 16% of the RA patients. PMID- 7244584 TI - Pemphigus in rheumatoid arthritis treated with penicillamine. AB - The development of pemphigus foliaceus in three patients and pemphigus erythematosus in one patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with penicillamine is described. PMID- 7244585 TI - Lysosomal hydrolases in different compartments of rheumatoid and osteoarthrotic joints. AB - Tissue samples from 226 rheumatoid and osteoarthrotic joints displayed increased activities of three lysosomal enzymes compared with controls. Variations in activity were evident--one tissue cannot be blamed for all joint destruction, no one enzyme can be used as a diagnostic tool. Free enzyme activities in synovial fluid reflected those in tissues, especially in cartilage and bone. Increased values in osteoarthrotic sera, close correlation of ESR to activities in joint compartments, and higher values in synovial fluid, cartilage and bone of seronegative rheumatoid patients were recorded. PMID- 7244586 TI - [Staying at high altitudes and plane travel for heart patients]. AB - In a normal lung at an altitude of 2000 meters the pO2 in the alveolar air is 77 mm Hg. At 3800 meters it drops to 57 mm Hg. In the healthy individual increasing hypoxia leads to hypoxemia, tachycardia at low levels of exercise, increased sympathetic tone, pulmonary hypertension and, in some instances, retention of water. Under these circumstances acute mountain sickness or high altitude pulmonary edema may occur. In patients with marginal cardiocirculatory function these effects of hypoxia are potentially dangerous and may lead to cardiac decompensation. Patients with coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension and valvular heart disease can tolerate altitude and air travel only if, with adequate therapy, they are either asymptomatic or only slightly symptomatic at rest, or if they show some functional reserve during exercise testing. PMID- 7244587 TI - [Drug therapy of peripheral arterial occlusive disease]. AB - Vasoactive drugs may be effective via four mechanisms of action: vasodilatation, increase of driving pressure, improvement of blood fluidity and amelioration of the metabolism of the perfused tissue. Vasodilators in severe stages of peripheral arterial occlusive disease may involve hazards due to redistribution phenomena. The newer vasoactive drugs supposedly act by improving rheology and/or metabolism. Although a number of trials suggest clinical improvement of claudication, the primary use of vasoactive drugs cannot be recommended. In clinical practice vasoactive drugs should be discontinued when no effect can be verified in the individual treated. In pain at rest and/or gangrene, all the deobliterating procedures must be exhausted before drug therapy is given. PMID- 7244588 TI - [Aminopenicillin: when, how, what kind?]. AB - The antibacterial activity of aminopenicillins is similar and includes penicillin sensitive microorganisms and certain gram-negative species, particularly E. coli, P. mirabilis, Salmonellae, Shigellae and H. influenzae. Since penicillin G is less expensive, often more active and less likely to produce skin rashes than aminopenicillins, there is no reason to substitute aminopenicillins, there is no reason to substitute aminopenicillins for penicillin in situations where the latter would suffice. Of the various oral drugs of this class, amoxycillin and the esters of ampicillin (bacampicillin, pivampicillin) are better absorbed than ampicillin and epicillin and are thus effective at lower dosages. Amoxycillin has the advantage of having undergone extensive clinical investigation. For parenteral treatment amoxycillin and epicillin do not offer therapeutic advantages over ampicillin, which remains the best documented drug. PMID- 7244590 TI - [Immunopathogenetic and ultrastructural aspects of ulcerative colitis]. AB - The ultrastructural pathology and local immune response in ulcerative colitis are discussed. The local immune reaction in ulcerative colitis is characterized by distinct plasma cell multiplication with a striking deviation from the normal mucosal immunocyte class pattern resulting in a disproportionate increase of the IgG-cell number. The pronounced local IgG-cell response in the bowel mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis should probably be regarded as an attempt to establish a "second line of defense" against exogenous and/or endogenous antigens. In cases with active disease IgG is found to be bound to the basement membrane of the surface epithelium. Activated complement (Clq and C3 fraction) can be demonstrated at this site as well. This association of IgG and activated complement at the same site in the mucosa suggests the possible involvement of fixed immune complexes in the production of mucosal damage. The immune complexes presumably bound to the epithelial basement membrane and the consequent activation of complement could explain the marked granulocytic activities at the surface epithelium in active ulcerative colitis. These polymorphonuclear leukocytes could have been attracted by components of the activated complement. Granulocytes are often seen in state of degranulation. The degranulation of granulocytes (and macrophages) may be result of "frustrated phagocytosis" by the granulocytes and macrophages of antigen-antibody complexes. This process could induce the release of lysosomal enzymes by granulocytes and macrophages. The detection of extracellular lysosomal enzymes (peroxidase, acid phosphatase) could be of pathogenetic significance in connection with the concept of Weissmann. Lysosomal enzymes damage cells, connective tissue and mucosal block. This implies exacerbation and perpetuation of the antigenic breach and therefore of the inflammatory process. A vicious circle is started. PMID- 7244589 TI - [Practical problems in the prevention of endocarditis]. AB - Prophylactic antibiotic coverage of all interventions with a high risk of bacteremia is accepted practice in patients with valvular heart disease. A true cost-benefit ratio, however, has not been possible to demonstrate due to the low risk involved in these procedures, and therefore the current recommendations rely on experimental work with laboratory animals. Full application of these findings in patients is difficult and even so incapable of preventing the majority of cases of infective endocarditis. PMID- 7244591 TI - [Un- classifiable types of ulcerative colitis]. AB - 10-15% of cases of non-specific inflammatory bowel disease cannot be classified. In a retrospective study of 35 colectomy specimens during a ten-year period, we observed 5 such cases. These cases of so-called "unclassified colitis" or "indeterminate colitis" nearly always follow, a fulminating course and require urgent surgery. On macroscopic examination there is marked dilatation of the colon with perforations. The colon is continuously involved, the right colon sometimes more so. Microscopically there is transmural inflammation with acute fissuring and extensive ulcerations. No specific criteria of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease are present. "Unclassified colitis" is not a definitive diagnosis. Followup studies sometimes serve for final classification of a case. PMID- 7244592 TI - Current efforts to retain continence in the surgery of ulcerative colitis. AB - In the light of his own personal experiences and the published experiences of others, the author has attempted an assessment of the value of the continent ileostomy, ileo-rectal anastomosis and ileo-anal pull-through anastomosis with or without an ileal reservoir in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7244593 TI - [Continent ileostomy - improvement of life quality]. AB - Fifteen patients who had undergone proctocolectomy and conversion of conventional ileostomy into continent ileostomy as devised by KOCK were investigated an average of 4 1/2 years after continent ileostomy. The aspects investigated were skin problems, frequency of ileal pouch emptying, continence, and quality of life. It is concluded that successful conversion to continent ileostomy has eliminated most of the drawbacks of conventional ileostomy. The technically complex method of continent ileostomy should be employed only by surgeons experienced in this type of surgery and at centers where more experience with the method can be accumulated. PMID- 7244594 TI - [Follow-up of patients operated on for diverticular diseases]. AB - Clinical follow-up of 118 patients who had undergone emergency of elective large bowel resection for diverticular disease proves that surgery prevents recurrences of acute diverticular disease and is curative of the complications of the disease. No reoperation was necessary for complications of diverticulitis. Healing was achieved subjectively and objectively in 44.9% of patients. Wound healing defects are, however, too frequent. Large bowel motility disorders were present in 55.1% of our cases; they can be corrected by dietetic and pharmacologic measures. PMID- 7244596 TI - [Gardner syndrome. Genetic aspects of 7 cases in 3 families]. AB - Gardner's syndrome, a hereditary affection of the bastoderm layers, is rarely recognized though it is seen in 8-16% of cases of colorectal polyposis. Seven cases (4 female and 3 male) of Gardner's syndrome in 3 families are presented. Six of the patients belonged to 2 families, several members of which suffered from familial polyposis; the seventh case was an isolated case of Gardner's syndrome without a family history of polyposis. Because of the high risk of malignancy in the presence of polyps, the treatment of Gardner's syndrome is identical to that of familial polyposis. Four patients underwent total colectomy and 2 simple polypectomy. One refused all treatment or monitoring. From these patients, one of the polyps excised from the rectum was found to be undergoing malignant transformation. The extracolic symptoms of this condition precede polyposis within the gut; they attract attention and thus permit early diagnosis. PMID- 7244595 TI - [Management of rectal prolapse by rectal mobilization and fixation with Ivalon sponge]. AB - Follow-up is reported in 34 patients with rectal prolapse treated at the Department of Surgery, Aarau, in the period 1972-1980 by mobilization of the rectum and fixation with Ivalon Sponge. The follow-up showed that the method has a low complication rate and a low recurrence rate (2 minor recurrences). Noteworthy is the good restoration of continence. Prior to surgery, 60% of the patients were also incontinent for solid stool. In the follow-up, all the patients were continent for normal stool and half for liquid stool. Despite the advanced age of some of the patients, postoperative mortality was nil. PMID- 7244597 TI - [Alcoholic hepatitis: histo-clinical evaluation]. AB - The clinical and histological symptoms of alcoholic hepatitis diagnosed from liver biopsies are investigated and the results compared with the extent of the histological lesions classified as small, medium or large. Nonspecific symptoms were variable and were not found to be related to the histological damage. The only recurring symptom was hepatomegaly, which was present in 95% of the patients studied. Histo-clinical comparison showed the clinical symptoms to be very variable, and it is concluded that accurate diagnosis and knowledge of the severity of the lesion can only be obtained from liver biopsy samples. PMID- 7244598 TI - [Unusual features of perihepatitis in the differential diagnosis of upper abdominal pain]. AB - Over a period of 3 years acute perihepatitis has been diagnosed in 7 women. Clinically the pain was localized to the right upper abdomen in 4, whereas 1 patient complained of bilateral upper quadrant pain; 2 patients presented with exclusively left-sided upper abdominal symptoms. In the literature perihepatitis is characterized clinically as a syndrome limited to the right upper abdominal quadrant. However, our own experience shows that this disease entity must also be considered in the differential diagnosis of left-sided upper abdominal pain in young female patients. PMID- 7244599 TI - [Oral contraceptives and liver tumors]. AB - That oral contraceptives have repercussions on the liver and bile ducts can no longer be denied. The role of oral contraceptives in inducing malignant or benign hepatic tumours is not universally admitted. From 1968 to 1979 the authors enumerated 29 hepatic tumours (18 benign, 11 malignant). In 13 cases the benign tumour was associated with the use of oral contraceptives and the tumour was diagnosed during or after the course of contraceptives. The signs and symptoms leading to the discovery of the benign hepatic tumour were an abdominal mass or enlarged liver in 3 cases and intraabdominal hemorrhage in one. In 9 cases the tumour was discovered at surgery. The contraceptive used was a preparation containing ethinyl-oestradiol, mestranol and a progesterone. The number of benign hepatic tumours has increased relatively in recent years, and this would seem to coincide with the utilization of oral contraceptives. For the moment definite proof is lacking, as the period during which the authors have studied this problem is still too short. PMID- 7244600 TI - [Dilated Wirsung's ducts: contribution of axial tomometry]. AB - The normal pancreatic main duct is not visualized by CT except with the latest equipment permitting a slice thickness of 1-2 mm. In our series the main duct dilatation is due to benign lesions in 46% of the cases and due to malignancies in 54%. In the absence of typical signs of chronic pancreatitis and of clinical features of acute pancreatitis, the duct dilatation is usually of tumoral origin. CT frequently is sufficiently diagnostic for surgery to be performed. In duct dilatation with evidence of obstructive lesion, E.R.C.P. is still required. PMID- 7244601 TI - [Cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas]. AB - Benign or malignant cystadenoma of the pancreas is a rare but not exceptional tumor. Up to present, 300 of the former and 100 of the latter have been reported in the world literature. Three personal observations are reported, comprising 2 benign cystadenomas, the first discovered on abdominal palpation and the second after massive bleeding of gastric varices and thrombosis of the splenic vein. After removal of the tumor both patients were alive 20 and 7 1/2 years later respectively. Total excision of a cystadenocarcinoma in a third case required 90% pancreatectomy with ensuing diabetes. A review of the literature shows that total excision of a cystadenocarcinoma is always justified since the survival rate approximates 70%. This contrasts singularly with the catastrophic prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7244603 TI - [Diagnosis and occurrence of viral esophagitis]. AB - Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in 500 consecutive patients from medical, oncological and surgical wards showed a 1% incidence of viral esophagitis. The 5 reported cases could not be distinguished either on clinical or on endoscopic grounds from reflux esophagitis. Brush cytology served in all but one case to diagnose viral esophagitis. Identification of the virus was possible in 4 cases (3 herpes simplex, 1 cytomegaly). Viral esophagitis was mainly a complication in severe underlying disease. PMID- 7244604 TI - [Acute appendicitis: can diagnosis and surgical indications be more precisely ascertained?]. AB - Of 408 patients hospitalized for suspected appendicitis, 347 underwent appendectomy. 20.5% of the appendices removed were gangrenous or perforated, while 19.8% showed no acute inflammation. Retrospective analysis of the data collected from all of the 347 patients who underwent surgery and a review of the literature suggest that the following measures could contribute to a lowering of both perforation rate and rate of negative laparotomies: (1) Reconsideration of present concepts on the clinical picture of acute appendicitis and a more precise definition of the terms used. (2) Improved methods of history-taking and examination of patients. (3) More complete recording of the data collected in every case of suspected appendicitis, (4) Intensive in-hospital observation for a short period of time. (5) Laparoscopy in cases which remain doubtful. PMID- 7244605 TI - [2 years of emergency digestive surgery - pathology, interventions and results]. AB - During 1978 and 1979, 887 laparotomies were performed at the Digestive Surgery Clinic of the University of Geneva. Half the operations were appendectomies while the rest were laparotomies for ileus, gastroduodenal bleeding and inguinal hernia. The mortality was low, but exploratory laparotomy, choleperitonitis and gastrocolic ileus are dangerous in the elderly. PMID- 7244602 TI - [Release of pancreatic polypeptide induced by cholecystokinin in man and dog]. AB - In four healthy volunteers increasing doses of intravenous CCK-33 induced an increase in plasma PP concentration measured by RIA. PP concentration rose from a basal level of 67 +/- 15 pmol/l to 198 +/- 45 pmol/l with 2 IDU/kg/h (p less than 0.05). In four mongrel dogs equipped with Thomas cannulas, the same doses induced a more pronounced rise in plasma PP (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that intravenous CCK-33 induces the release of PP in man and dog in a dose-dependent manner. PMID- 7244606 TI - [Emergency digestive surgery in the elderly: 2 comparative series with an interval of 10 years]. AB - Surgery in the elderly is important in emergencies. A comparison is drawn between cases undergoing surgery in 1969 and 1979: while the mortality rate is 15%, 1979 has witnessed the advent of major surgery in the elderly subject. PMID- 7244608 TI - [Changes in the disease spectrum of poultry and exotic birds-- 18 years of a poultry diagnostic service]. PMID- 7244607 TI - [Isolated perforations of the small intestine following blunt trauma of the abdomen]. AB - Ten cases of isolated perforation of the small intestine after blunt abdominal injury are presented. The clinical signs are initially poor, while X-ray and laboratory findings are of little value (only 1 patient with free air on abdominal plain X-ray; only 1 case with more than 10 000 leukocytes on admission). Progressive peritonitis is the only reliable indication for immediate surgery. PMID- 7244609 TI - [Epidemiology of Haemophilus somnus infection in cattle: comparison of strains by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis]. PMID- 7244610 TI - [Field biology and infection cycles of salmonellae]. PMID- 7244611 TI - [Epizootiology and importance of endoparasitic diseases of cattle in Alpine pastures]. PMID- 7244612 TI - [Effect of the stage of lactation and pregnancy on the hematological and clinicochemical parameters in the dairy cow]. PMID- 7244613 TI - [Polyradiculoneuritis in the dog. Clinical, histological and ultrastructural studies]. PMID- 7244614 TI - [Neurectomy combined with myectomy as an alternative to the classical Forssell surgical technic for crib-biting horses]. PMID- 7244615 TI - Abortion and the limitations of science. PMID- 7244616 TI - NIOSH under siege. PMID- 7244617 TI - Lamarck will not lie down. PMID- 7244618 TI - Evoked potentials. PMID- 7244620 TI - Tonic immobility produces hyperalgesia and antagonizes morphine analgesia. AB - Hyperalgesia was demonstrated during and immediately after termination of tonic immobility in the lizard Anolis carolinensis. Additionally, tonic immobility antagonized morphine-induced analgesia. In conjunction with other research, these data suggest that the response is accompanied by a reduced availability of serotonin, possibly at postsynaptic receptors of raphe neurons. PMID- 7244619 TI - Carcinogenicity in mice of mutagenic compounds from a tryptophan pyrolyzate. AB - The compounds 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H pyrido[4,3-b]indole, which are potent mutagens in a tryptophan pyrolyzate, ar hepatic carcinogens when given orally to mice at concentrations of 200 parts per million in a pellet diet. Female mice showed higher susceptibilities to both compounds than male mice. PMID- 7244621 TI - A coeruleo-spinal system in culture. AB - In combined cultures of dissociated spinal neurons and explants from the region of locus coeruleus, rich catecholamine-containing fiber projections from the explant to the surrounding regions of spinal neurons were demonstrated by fluorescence histochemistry. Electrical stimulation of the explant resulted in slow depolarizing responses in many of the spinal neurons. Cells exhibiting this type of response were also usually depolarized by local application of noradrenaline, whereas other, unresponsive neurons usually were not. The depolarizing responses to electrical stimulation and to noradrenaline were both increased by depolarizing current injection and decreased by hyperpolarizing current. These and other data suggest that the depolarizing responses of the spinal neurons to explant stimulation are mediated by noradrenaline released from axons of locus coeruleus neurons. PMID- 7244622 TI - Response artifact in the measurement of neuroleptic-induced anhedonia. AB - Systemic administration of the neuroleptic drug alpha-flupenthixol attenuated lever-pressing behavior in rats responding for rewarding brain stimulation. The magnitude of this attenuation was dose-dependent and resembled the effects of reward reduction and termination. However, when the operant response requirements of the same rats were changed to nose poking, identical drug treatments produced relatively little attenuation in performance. These data do not support the belief that neuroleptics produce a general state of anhedonia. Rather, the apparent suppression of reinforced behaviors depends at least in part on the kinetic requirements of the response. PMID- 7244623 TI - NIH ponders pitfalls of industrial support. PMID- 7244624 TI - Team research: responsibility at the top. PMID- 7244625 TI - Cancer researchers defend NCI against congressional attacks. PMID- 7244626 TI - Pepper wants "A" out of NIADDK. PMID- 7244628 TI - Court upholds controversial regulations. PMID- 7244627 TI - "Human life" testimony. PMID- 7244629 TI - Coronary treatment assessed. PMID- 7244630 TI - Freeze-fracture cytochemistry: replicas of critical point-dried cells and tissues after fracture-label. AB - Applications of the new fracture-labeling techniques for the observation of cytochemical labels on platinum-carbon replicas are described. Frozen cells, embedded in a cross-linked protein matrix, and frozen tissues are fractured with a scalpel under liquid nitrogen, thawed, labeled, dehydrated by the critical point drying method, and replicated. This method allows direct, high-resolution, two-dimensional chemical and immunological characterization of the cellular membranes in situ, as well as detection of sites within cross-fractured cytoplasm and extracellular matrix. PMID- 7244631 TI - Brain tumors in children and occupational exposure of parents. AB - Ninety-two cases of brain tumor in children less than 10 years old were compared with 92 matched controls for parental occupational history. Cases were more likely than controls to show material occupations involving chemical exposure, paternal occupations involving solvents, and employment of father in the aircraft industry. These three factors were not affected by adjustment for the potential confounding variables examined in this study. PMID- 7244632 TI - The diaphragm: two muscles. AB - The costal and crural parts of the diaphragm were separately stimulated in anesthetized dogs. Stimulation of the costal part increased the dimensions of the lower rib cage, whereas stimulation of the costal part decreased the dimensions of the lower rib cage. It is concluded that the diaphragm consists of two muscles that act differently on the rib cage. PMID- 7244633 TI - Chloramphenicol administration during brain development: impairment of avoidance learning in adulthood. AB - Rats treated with chloramphenicol from days 7 to 21 of intrauterine life (50 milligrams per kilogram per day, injected subcutaneously into the mothers) or in the first 3 days of extrauterine life (50 to 100 milligrams per kilogram per day) were trained for avoidance conditioning when 60 days old. The acquisition of the avoidance response was impaired to a highly significant degree in all the treated groups. PMID- 7244634 TI - Fetal female rats are masculinized by male littermates located caudally in the uterus. AB - Female rats are masculinized in utero by male littermates sharing the same uterine horn. Increased anogenital distances in neonatal females and mounting behavior in adult females are related to the presence of males on the caudal side of the females in the uterine horn. Contrary to current beliefs, interamniotic diffusion may not be responsible for the exchange of masculinizing agents among fetuses. Since uterine blood flow in the rat is from the direction of the cervix toward the ovary, masculinizing hormones secreted by fetal males may be carried via the uterine vasculature to female littermates located further downstream. PMID- 7244636 TI - Hatch on NCI hearings. PMID- 7244637 TI - A-bomb radiation doses. PMID- 7244635 TI - Brain 5beta-reductase: a correlate of behavioral sensitivity to androgen. AB - Testosterone is converted in the dove (Streptopelia risoria) brain to 5 beta reduced metabolites that do not affect behavior. In long-term castrated birds, which are relatively insensitive to the behavioral effects of testosterone, the activity of preoptic 5 beta-reductase is increased. The increase, which is specific to the preoptic area, is reversed by estrogen. Inactivation of testosterone by 5 beta-reduction may be involved in the control of brain sensitivity to androgen. PMID- 7244639 TI - Congress to reexamine antiabortion amendment. PMID- 7244640 TI - Institute, keratotomists don't see eye to eye. PMID- 7244641 TI - Evaluation of nitrate synthesis by intestinal microorganisms in vivo. AB - The nitrate balance of germfree and conventional rats was assessed to determine whether the intestinal flora produces nitrate in vivo. The results indicate that there can be excess nitrate in the urine of germfree as well as conventional rats. This nitrate is apparently of host origin, and the presence of intestinal flora decreases the output of nitrate in urine. PMID- 7244642 TI - Species-typical behavior of hamsters deprived from birth of the neocortex. AB - Hamsters deprived from birth of the neocortex developed normally and displayed the usual hamster-typical behavioral patterns. With the additional concurrent destruction of midline limbic convolutions (cingulate and underlying dorsal hippocampal), there were deficits in maternal behavior and a lack of development of play behavior. These findings demonstrate in a rodent (i) that the striatal complex and limbic system, along with the remaining neuraxis, are sufficient for giving expression to a wide range of unlearned forms of species-typical behavior and (ii) that midline limbic structures are required for the expression of play behavior and the integrated performance of maternal behavior. PMID- 7244643 TI - Parasitism and behavioral dominance among male mice. AB - Infestations by the nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus can prevent adult male mice from becoming behaviorally dominant. The effect is dose-dependent and is more likely to influence the development of dominance than to disrupt existing dominance relationships. Doses capable of exerting this effect are not lethal and do not affect weight. PMID- 7244644 TI - Discharge patterns of hindlimb motoneurons during normal cat locomotion. AB - Long-term recording from single lumbar motoneurons of intact cats revealed activation patterns fundamentally different from those seen in decerebrate preparations. In intact cats, motoneuron bursts showed marked rate modulation without initial doublets. Each unit's frequencygram generally resembled the envelope of the gross electromyogram simultaneously recorded from the corresponding muscle. Average and peak discharge rates increased for faster gaits. These findings suggest that, in cat locomotion, rate modulation is a more important contributor to force regulation than was previously thought. PMID- 7244638 TI - Effectiveness of psychotherapy. PMID- 7244645 TI - Medical therapies for mood disorders alter the blood-brain barrier. AB - The effects of amitriptyline, lithium, and electroconvulsive shock on cerebral permeability and blood flow were tested. These three treatments share in common (i) the ability to influence the functional activity of central adrenergic neurons by way of effects on the release, reuptake, or metabolism of norepinephrine and (ii) therapeutic efficacy in mood disturbances. Under control conditions, cerebral permeability increases linealy with increasing arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and hence cerebral blood flow. All three treatments altered this relationship in a manner consistent with their adrenergic effects. Amitriptyline potentiated this increase in cerebral permeability whereas lithium and electroconvulsive shock blunted this phenomenon. These results support the hypothesis that one function of central adrenergic neurons is regulation of the blood-brain barrier and raise the possibility that a related effect may underlie the clinical usefulness of such treatment. PMID- 7244647 TI - Toxicity, odor aversion, and "olfactory aposematism". PMID- 7244646 TI - Ureaplasma urealyticum incriminated in perinatal morbidity and mortality. AB - Perinatal morbidity and mortality are associated with colonization of the chorionic surface of the placenta by Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma hominis or both. These organisms are more strongly associated with unfavourable gestational outcome than group B streptococci. Chlamydia trachomatis does not appear to be important in the etiology of reproductive casualties. The mechanisms linking the mycoplasmas to perinatal disorders and death are not clear but merit investigation. PMID- 7244649 TI - Selection by consequences. AB - Selection by consequences is a causal mode found only in living things, or in machines made by living things. It was first recognized in natural selection, but it also accounts for the shaping and maintenance of the behavior of the individual and the evolution of cultures. In al three of these fields, it replaces explanations based on the causal modes of classical mechanics. The replacement is strongly resisted. Natural selection has now made its case, but similar delays in recognizing the role of selection in the other fields could deprive us of valuable help in solving the problems which confront us. PMID- 7244648 TI - Human life. PMID- 7244650 TI - Nutrition research: end of an empire. PMID- 7244651 TI - Malathion threat debunked. PMID- 7244652 TI - Rapid massive assembly of tight junction strands. AB - Incubation at 37 degrees C of excised rat prostate tissue results in massive proliferative assembly of new tight junction strands along the entire lengths of the lateral plasma membranes of the columnar epithelial cells. The new tight junction elements are assembled within 5 minutes and have an average length six times that of those present in the apical tight junction band. Massive assembly occurs in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide) or of metabolic uncouplers (dinitrophenol). Thus, proliferative assembly of tight junction strands involves molecular reorganization from a pool of preexisting, probably membrane-associated, components. The fascia occludens and some examples of experimentally induced tight junction proliferation may reflect the massive emergence of tight junction strands when tissue is subjected to diverse stressful conditions. PMID- 7244654 TI - Copper deficiency suppresses the immune response of mice. AB - Mice fed a purified diet low in copper display anemia, hypoceruloplasminemia, depressed concentrations of liver copper, and elevated concentrations of liver iron. An impaired humoral-mediated immune response (decreased numbers of antibody producing cells) is observed in mice with severe as well as marginal copper deficiency. The magnitude of this impairment is highly correlated with the degree of functional copper deficiency (hypoceruloplasminemia). PMID- 7244653 TI - Diameter of the cell-to-cell junctional membrane channels as probed with neutral molecules. AB - The cell-to-cell channels in the junctions of an insect salivary gland and of insect and mammalian cells in culture were probed with fluorescent molecules neutral linear oligosaccharides, neutral branched glycopeptides, and charged linear peptides. From the molecular dimensions of the largest permeants and smallest impermeants the permeation-limiting channel diameter was obtained: 16 to 20 angstroms for the mammalian cells and 20 to 30 angstroms for the insect cells. PMID- 7244655 TI - Early removal of one eye reduces normally occurring cell death in the remaining eye. AB - During normal development of the hamster eye, there is a substantial loss of cells from the retinal ganglion cell layer in the first two postnatal weeks. If one eye is lost at birth, this cell death is reduced in the remaining eye. This may account for the increased ipsilateral projection from this eye to the thalamus and midbrain observed in these animals. PMID- 7244656 TI - Ethanol tolerance in the rat is learned. AB - Rats were trained to walk on a treadmill to avoid foot shock. The animals developed tolerance for ethanol if given subsequent practice while ethanol intoxicated. Rats given equivalent doses of ethanol after practice did not develop tolerance, nor did saline-treated controls. These results challenge the hypothesis that mere repeated doses of ethanol are sufficient to induce tolerance. It seems that tolerance does not develop unless the response used to measure tolerance is performed while the subject is intoxicated. PMID- 7244657 TI - Radiation doses from Mount St. Helens 18 May 1980 Eruption. PMID- 7244658 TI - The pseudothrombophlebitis syndrome: a reappraisal. PMID- 7244659 TI - Medical imaging of renal diseases-suggested indication for different modalities. AB - The diagnostic work-up of the urologic patient must be tailored to the presenting symptom complex, carefully selecting from the many modilities available, those most likely to establish the diagnosis and extent of the suspected lesions. Intravenous urography is the most rewarding initial procedure for many presenting symptoms, including suspected masses, pyuria, hematuria, and flank pain. Nuclear imaging is particularly effective in differentiating renal lobulations from true masses, in demonstrating parenchymal scarring in chronic pyelonephritis when the IVP is equivocal, and in assessing the decrease in perfusion and function in obstructive nephropathy when the IVP is indeterminate. It is the preferred procedure for acute renal infarction and acute tubular necrosis and has a greater sensitivity of detection for renal trauma than the IVP. Gallium-67 renal imaging appear helpful in the detection of occult pyelonephritis or interstitial nephritis. However, it cannot differentiate focal acute pyelonephritis from abscess or abscess from neoplasm. Ultrasoneography is the initial procedure of choice in the differentiation of cystic from solid renal masses and in anuria or oliguria. When a kidney fails to visualize by IVP or nuclear imaging, it can confirm or rule out obstruction. In upper tract infections, it may demonstrate renal or perirenal abscess. Although retrograde pyelography is performed less frequently in recent years, it remains extremely useful in confirming and relieving obstructive uropathy and in delineating tumors of the collecting system. Computed tomography effectively demonstrates hydronephrosis, renal abscess, tumors, and cysts and retroperitoneal involvement. More experience is needed to judge the efficiency of "dynamic" CT for the quantification of renal function. Renal angiography remains invaluable as a secondary procedure (as opposed to initial screening) in renal trauma, vascular anomalies, and in renal tumors to delineate the anatomy of the arterial supply and possible renal vein involvement. PMID- 7244661 TI - Ring sign in radionuclide cerebral images. PMID- 7244660 TI - The role of parmacologic manipulation in adrenal cortical scintigraphy. AB - Adrenal scintigraphy is a unique nuclear medicine procedure that provides noninvasive, functional information concerning the status of the adrenal cortex. The uptake of iodocholesterol, in addition to localizing adrenal cortical abnormalities, can be manipulate to focus on adrenal cortical dysfunction in either the aldosterone, cortisol, or androgenproducing portions of the adrenal cortex. The uptake of iodocholesterol correlates significantly with the abnormal secretion of cortisol in Cushing's syndrome, aldosterone in the model of adrenal zona glomerulosa function, and adrenal androgen secretion in hyperandorgenism. For these reasons, adrenal scintigraphy is an important diagnostic modality in the evaluation of adrenal cortical function. PMID- 7244662 TI - Physiologic Intervention in Cardiovascular Nuclear Medicine. AB - Homeostasis of cardiac output is maintained by a complex intergration of many physiologic responses, both central and peripheral, including pulse,the contractile state of the ventricle, and pre-and after load. In the abnormal ventricle at rest, any or all of the measurable parameters that define left ventricular function may be normal. However, in disease states, exercise can provoke abnormalities in these parameters indicating a reduction in myocardial reserve. Regional asynergy occurs in patients with significant ischemic heart disease during exercise reflecting a local supply-demand mismatch. Recently, radionuclide ventriculography has been combined with exercise techniques in attempts to elucidate details of the normal and abnormal ventricular response to stress noninvasively. The majority of data describe the response of the ventricle during graded supine bicycle exercise. The normal response is to increase myocardial contractility, reducing end-systolic volume, while end-diastolic volume remains constant. This results in an increase in ejection fraction. In ischemic ventricles, regional asynergy develops and ejection fractions may either fall or fail to rise. This appears to be accomplished by an increase or no change in the end-diastolic volume, with an increase in end-systolic volume, particularly in patients with angina during exercise. Radionuclide methods can be applied to large mumbers of patients providing informaton that is unobtainable by more invasive procedures. This review traces the development of knowledge of the ventricular response to exercise, emphasizing the role of radionuclide ventriculography. Although radionuclide angiography has the capacity for advancing the understanding of the ventricular response to exercise, the technical limitations of this technique in specific diagnostic conditions has yet to be defined adequately. PMID- 7244663 TI - Diuretic radionuclide renography and scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of hydroureteronephrosis. AB - Conventional radionuclide renography has been modified to include a pharmacologic intervention by administration of intravenous furosemide. The procedure is applied in patients with hydroureteronephrosis to distinguish dilated, nonobstructed systems from those with significant mechanical obstruction. Diagnostic patterns are derived from computer-generated time-activity histograms that depict the accumulation of radiotracer prior to diuresis and in response to diuresis. In dilated, nonobstructed systems, increased urine flow following diuresis causes a decline or "washour" of activity. In significantly obstructed systems, there is a failure of tracer activity to decrease in response to diuresis. The procedure is applied most commonly in suspected ureteropelvic junction and ureterovesical junction obstruction. The significance of residual urinary tract dilatation following corrective surgery also can be readily assessed. The major current limitation to the technique is poor renal function with inadequate response of urine flow to diuresis. PMID- 7244664 TI - Optimization of the time-dose relationship. PMID- 7244666 TI - Dilatation of biliary ducts (extrahepatic, intrahepatic). PMID- 7244667 TI - Case of the winter season: metastatic pulmonary calcification in a renal transplant recipient. PMID- 7244665 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 7244668 TI - Fine needle aspiration biopsy of abdominal masses. PMID- 7244670 TI - Interventional radiology--review of an emerging field. PMID- 7244669 TI - Percutaneous abscess drainage. PMID- 7244673 TI - Fractures of the upper end of the femur in stroke hemiplegia. PMID- 7244674 TI - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis for detecting antibody in the diagnosis of typhoid (enteric) fevers: a preliminary report. PMID- 7244675 TI - Boy or girl--by real time ultrasound. PMID- 7244671 TI - Radioimmunoassay for serum gastrin in Singapore Chinese. PMID- 7244672 TI - Two dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7244676 TI - Mitral valve prolapse, hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7244678 TI - The discourse on stress and the reproduction of conventional knowledge. PMID- 7244677 TI - Benign localised pleural mesothelioma. PMID- 7244679 TI - Of blood and babies: the relationship of popular Islamic physiology to fertility. PMID- 7244680 TI - Asrama: an Islamic psychiatric institution in West Java. PMID- 7244681 TI - The impact of indigenous healing activity: an empirical study of two fundamentalist churches. PMID- 7244682 TI - Development in knowledge. PMID- 7244683 TI - Remedios caseros: Mexican American home remedies and community health problems. PMID- 7244684 TI - Ethnicity and folk healing in Honolulu, Hawaii. PMID- 7244685 TI - Hot-cold classification: theoretical and practical implications of a Mexican study. PMID- 7244686 TI - Colonialism and international health: a study in social change in Ghana. PMID- 7244687 TI - Private health care providers in rural Bangladesh. PMID- 7244688 TI - Professional associations, ethics and discipline among Yoruba traditional healers of Nigeria. PMID- 7244689 TI - A comparative analysis of health care costs in three selected countries: the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia. PMID- 7244690 TI - Health and development: socio-economic determinants of mortality structure. PMID- 7244693 TI - Political-economic structures-approaches to traditional and modern medical systems. PMID- 7244691 TI - Evaluating the Municipal Health Services Program. PMID- 7244694 TI - The place of indigenous and Western systems of medicine in the health services of India. PMID- 7244696 TI - Traditional and modern medicine in Malaysia. PMID- 7244695 TI - Allopathic medicine, profession, and capitalist ideology in India. PMID- 7244692 TI - Clinical decision-making: a reply. PMID- 7244698 TI - Health policy and traditional medicine in Singapore. PMID- 7244699 TI - Community involvement in solving local health problems. PMID- 7244697 TI - Chinese and Western medical care in China's rural commune: a case study. PMID- 7244701 TI - Introduction: relations between traditional and modern medical systems. PMID- 7244700 TI - Traditional and modern medical systems. PMID- 7244702 TI - Political economy, cultural hegemony, and mixes of traditional and modern medicine. PMID- 7244703 TI - Update on diabetic management. PMID- 7244704 TI - What price contraception? PMID- 7244705 TI - Limitations of ultrasonography in evaluating patients with jaundice or cholecystectomy. AB - Abdominal ultrasonography has been shown to accurately distinguish medical (nonobstructive) jaundice from surgical (obstructive) jaundice. As occurs commonly with a new diagnostic procedure, initial evaluations are enthusiastic and emphasize the positive features of the technic. When further experience with the procedure is acquired, its negative features are recognised and reported. We review our experience and that of others to stress the limitations of ultrasonography and the potential for misinterpretation of its findings when evaluating the biliary tract in patients with jaundice or postcholecystectomy biliary colic. The applications of computed tomography and cholescintigraphy are briefly and critically evaluated in this same patient population. The role of sonography as a screening procedure and the findings that indicate the need to proceed to other imaging technics are examined. Finally, we describe our criteria for choosing the next step in the diagnostic evaluation--intravenous, percutaneous transhepatic, or endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. PMID- 7244707 TI - Psychogenic purpura (autoerythrocyte sensitization). AB - A 41-year-old woman has had a long history of repeated episodes of recurrent painful ecchymotic lesions. Results of coagulation tests were normal other than a slight decrease in antithrombin III. Skin tests were positive in response to the patient's own washed red cells. Light and electron microscopy of both the spontaneous and the induced lesions showed nonspecific changes but failed to reveal immunologic vasculitis. Psychologic evaluation showed hysterical and masochistic traits, depression, anxiety, and inability to deal appropriately with hostile impulses. Placebo was successful on several occasions in controlling or modifying the severity of the ecchymotic lesions. PMID- 7244706 TI - Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis presenting as adult respiratory distress syndrome: effect of therapy on clinical and laboratory features. AB - Three patients with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis presented with extensive, diffuse bilateral infiltrates on chest roentgenograms. Fungal elements were seen in the bronchial secretions of two patients; Histoplasma capsulatum was grown from the third patient and from soil from the patients' workplace. Two patients were severely hypoxemic and required short courses of amphotericin B therapy; in one of these two, progressive deterioration dictated corticosteroid therapy as well, with a dramatic clinical response. Radiologic resolution of disease occurred more quickly in the treated patients. Initial pulmonary function tests suggested mild restriction in each, with normal test results by the fourth month of follow-up. Our experience suggests that amphotericin B may shorten the course of acute histoplasmosis and that corticosteroid therapy may be efficacious in controlling the symptoms related to hyperresponsiveness in fulminant primary disease. PMID- 7244708 TI - Contraceptives in sickle cell disease. AB - Choosing the proper method of contraception for patients with sickle cell disease is an empiric exercise. In this manuscript, the commonly used contraceptive methods are examined for their risk-benefit ratio. However, because of its extensive use and effectiveness, steroid contraception is examined in greatest depth. Physiologic and pathologic changes induced by oral steroid contraceptives are evaluated, and their potential effects on patients with sickle cell disease are considered. Physiologic alterations evaluated are carbohydrate metabolism, blood lipid levels, hepatic function, thyroid function, and pigment changes. Pathologic changes reviewed are hypertension, thromboembolic phenomena, myocardial infarction, amenorrhea, and emotional changes. The choice of sterilization procedures is also considered for these patients. PMID- 7244709 TI - Adolescent suicide attempts and borderline personality disorder: clinical features. AB - Although suicide among adolescents has been increasing over the past decade, there are surprisingly few clinical studies regarding teen-agers who have attempted suicide. A previous study showed borderline personality disorder as the most common underlying personality problem among a group of predominantly hospitalized adolescents. This paper focuses on the clinical characteristics of 22 teen-agers with a borderline personality disorder who had attempted suicide. The essential pattern of a borderline personality was a persistent instability in a variety of areas, including interpersonal relations, mood, behavior, and self image. The most prominent characteristics associated with suicide attempts by these adolescents were a tendency to react severely to loss, poorly controlled anger, and self-defeating impulsivity. Many of the characteristic behavioral symptoms of these borderline patients must be determined by a longitudinal history of the teen-ager's life. Specific treatment approaches are needed for these patients. PMID- 7244710 TI - Acute rheumatic fever in Mississippi: a survey of hospitalized cases, 1964 to 1973. AB - The incidence of acute rheumatic fever in Mississippi was estimated by reviewing the hospital charts of Mississippi residents with a discharge diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever from 1964 through 1973. The average annual incidence was 1.5 cases/100,000 population for primary attacks and 0.4 cases/100,000 population for recurrent attacks. The annual incidence was highest for the group aged 19 to 14 years, with 4.8 cases/100,000 population for primary attacks and 1.4 cases/100,000 population for recurrences. These rates are significantly lower than rates reported from similar surveys in Nashville, Baltimore, New York City, and the Navajo reservation. Age-adjusted rates of primary and recurrent attacks were higher for blacks than for whites, but the proportion of attacks that were recurrences did not differ by race. The proportion of attacks that were severe (cardiomegaly, pericarditis, or congestive heart failure) was significantly greater for blacks than for whites. No significant change in incidence was detected in the ten-year period. Among persons with primary attacks, only 18% are known to have had an antecedent pharyngitis and consulted a physician. Only 21% of persons with secondary attacks are known to have been receiving chemoprophylaxis. PMID- 7244713 TI - Overview of adolescent health problems. PMID- 7244711 TI - Echocardiography in diagnosing and managing aortic valve endocarditis. AB - During a 36-month period, 14 patients were admitted with endocarditis of the native aortic valve. Echocardiography made a specific contribution to the diagnosis and/or therapeutic management in ten of the 14 (71%). Thirteen patients had aortic valve replacement because of congestive heart failure; only two were stable enough to complete antibiotic therapy prior to operation. There were 12 survivors, all of them alive and clinically improved at nine to 44 months (mean 27 months) of follow-up. There were no instances of recurrent endocarditis. The only medically treated patient died suddenly during the third week of antibiotic therapy. Ten of 14 patients were identified as having valvular vegetations by M mode or two-dimensional sector echocardiography. Surgical or necropsy corroboration revealed 100% specificity (no false-positive results) and 71% sensitivity of this echocardiographic finding. Aortic valve endocarditis appears to be primarily a surgical disease in which echocardiography plays an important role. PMID- 7244712 TI - Trends of lung cancer in northern Florida. AB - Although the entire state of Florida has experienced an increase in lung cancer mortality during the present decade, a differential rise among white men has been observed in Duval, a county in its northeastern region. This increase is not explained by population changes or migration of cases. It is hypothesized that an industrial exposure involving paper and pulp manufacturing, shipbuilding, or petroleum may account for these findings. PMID- 7244714 TI - Prognosis in metastatic choroidal melanoma. AB - We reviewed the records of 73 patients with primary melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body with metastasis treated at M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute between 1973 and 1979. At time of diagnosis of primary melanoma 71 of 73 patients had tumor localized to the eye and were treated with enucleation of the affected eye. The interval from resection of primary tumor to detection of systemic metastases in the 71 patients ranged from one to 201 months (median 43.5 months). Weight loss and abdominal pain due to hepatomegaly were the most common symptoms, and hepatomegaly was the most common physical sign. The liver was the most common site of tumor recurrence, occurring in 44 of 71 patients. Among liver enzymes, serum lactic dehydrogenase was found to be the most sensitive indicator of liver metastasis and was elevated in 96% of patients with tumor in the liver. Liver involvement with tumor was associated with poor response to chemotherapy and significantly poorer survival than involvement of other extracranial sites. The survival duration from time of development of systemic metastasis ranged between one and 31 months (median seven months), with a one-year survival rate of 29%. The median survival of patients from diagnosis of ocular melanoma was 52 months, with a five-year survival rate of 43%. PMID- 7244715 TI - Fatigue fractures of the medial tibial plateau. AB - The effectiveness of a protocol for the detection of medial tibial plateau fatigue fractures using radiographs and delayed scintigraphs is evaluated. The high false-positive rate of early scanning generally requires delayed radiographs to make a definite diagnosis. If this lesion is suspected, however, early use of scans should be encouraged for several reasons, including the detection of occult but potentially more serious stress fractures elsewhere. PMID- 7244716 TI - Diagnostic strategies. AB - A simple model of a universe of disease is presented. It permits the numerical comparison of different diagnostic strategies. Those diagnostic strategies exclusively using laboratory tests of perfect sensitivity and perfect specificity are shown to be inferior to a diagnostic strategy that begins with clinical information of unknown, but imperfect, sensitivity and specificity. This is true, within the model, even if we assume a "perfect world" in which every disease is represented by a "perfect" laboratory test. PMID- 7244717 TI - Caustic injuries to the esophagus: a pediatric overview. PMID- 7244719 TI - Afferent loop syndrome revisited: new emphasis on ultrasound and computerized tomography. AB - Contemporary medicine has provided the clinician with two additional noninvasive diagnostic instruments--computerized tomography and ultrasound. Both modalities are accessible to most clinicians and are extremely valuable in diagnosing many abdominal diseases. A review of the afferent loop syndrome and a discussion of new diagnostic methods with these instruments are presented. PMID- 7244720 TI - Demographic, situational, and scholastic factors in medical school attrition. AB - In an investigation of withdrawals and delays among students enrolled at the University of Tennessee College of Medicine over a four-year period, we found significantly higher rates of attrition among minority than nonminority students and among female than male enrollees. There were, however, no significant sex related differences in the nature of delays (ie, voluntary versus involuntary) or in the timing of their occurrence within the curriculum (preclinical versus clinical). Academic problems were cited for most of the students who were required to delay or withdraw, while voluntary attrition was related to family, psychologic, and career-choice problems. When compared with successful matched control students, the study group of all delays and withdrawals had significantly higher scores on the verbal and general knowledge MCAT subtests, while the subgroup of involuntary delays had significantly lower science MCAT scores than their controls. In addition, significantly more of the successful controls had attended a superior private liberal arts college, had an undergraduate science major, and came from professional families. We suggest that these findings indicate the need for substantial revision in curricula and selection processes if we are to achieve the goal of producing well rounded physicians who are an ethnically and socioeconomically representative group. PMID- 7244721 TI - Maxillary sinusitis after nasotracheal intubation. AB - Maxillary sinusitis resulting from nasotracheal intubation is rare, occurring in approximately 2% of patients receiving ventilatory assistance. We have described two examples of this situation. In one case, the sinusitis caused bacteremia. The diagnosis can be made easily by a portable Water's view of the paranasal sinuses. Clinicians should be aware of this potentially serious complication in intubated patients. PMID- 7244718 TI - Surgery in elderly patients. AB - Operations on patients over 65 years old are increasing steadily in number and complexity. Demographic trends indicate that future increases will be even greater. We reviewed patients having operations of diverse type and magnitude to determine results, with emphasis on the influence of age. Increased risk in older persons was most evident in emergency situations where the frequently associated systemic diseases and the inevitable diminution in organ functional reserves could not be adequately treated or compensated. Appropriate management of elderly patients through surgical procedures requires knowledge of the peculiarities in their responses to disease, medications, and other stimuli. PMID- 7244723 TI - Spontaneous obliteration of carotid-cavernous fistulas. AB - We have described a patient with a carotid-cavernous fistula filling from both ends of a torn meningohypophyseal artery, with subsequent spontaneous resolution proven by angiography. No cause for the fistulas' obliteration could be identified, and the patient continues to do well four years later. PMID- 7244722 TI - Staphylococcus aureus infection of dialysis shunt: absence of synergy with vancomycin and rifampin. AB - A 69-year-old man with chronic renal failure maintained on twice weekly hemodialysis had infection of the vascular access graft with bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus. Despite serum vancomycin levels that greatly exceeded the mean inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations, he failed to respond and rifampin was added. The bacteremia promptly cleared, but the patient died suddenly eight days later. Autopsy showed an acute arteritis of the graft with intracellular gram-positive organisms; two splenic blood cultures grew S aureus. Although previous investigators have shown that the combination of vancomycin and rifampin may be effective in some cases of S aureus endocarditis this antibiotic combination should not be used routinely unless in vitro synergy is demonstrated. PMID- 7244724 TI - Cutaneous leishmaniasis: common presentation of a disease uncommonly seen in middle Tennessee. PMID- 7244726 TI - "Incidental"adrenal cyst: a correctable lesion possibly associated with hypertension. AB - We have described a patient with hypertension discovered during treatment of a sprained ankle. A large right suprarenal cystic mass, without evidence of endocrine activity, was localized by several radiographic technics. A large serous adrenal cyst was excised by a right flank approach, sparing the residual right adrenal gland. The patient's blood pressure responded to manipulation of the cyst and since resection has been easily controlled for two years. This suggests that some adrenal cysts may have physiologic significance besides their importance as space-occupying masses. PMID- 7244725 TI - Unusual survival after pulmonary artery sarcoma. AB - A 46-year-old man with a primary sarcoma of the pulmonary artery is presented. The tumor was responsive to radiotherapy, and the patient is the longest reported survivor of this rare disease. The tumor spread distally in the pulmonary vasculature, with probable embolization to the central nervous system, and he died 27 months after the initial diagnosis, with sudden massive hemoptysis. Pulmonary artery sarcomas are a rare cause of obstruction of the right ventricular outflow. The course of our patient suggests that early recognition and therapy may provide some of these patients with effective palliation and prolonged survival. PMID- 7244728 TI - Giant cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: long survival after combination chemotherapy. AB - A 41-year-old white woman had undifferentiated giant cell carcinoma of the thyroid, unsuccessfully treated with local cobalt therapy. She was given a five drug combination of chemotherapy, responding rapidly with marked improvement, abatement of symptoms, resolution of the tumor, and eight-year survival to date. PMID- 7244727 TI - Digitoxin-quinidine interaction: potentiation during administration of cimetidine. PMID- 7244729 TI - Pokeweed poisoning. AB - A 68-year-old man who ingested an improperly prepared extract of pokeweed had sweating, confusion, tremor, weakness, incontinence, and syncope. Analysis of the symptoms from this and similar patients previously reported suggests that the pokeweed plant contains an agent that produces peripheral and central cholinergic stimulation. PMID- 7244730 TI - Thrombocytopenia associated with PF3 antiplatelet activity against the sulfa component of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. AB - A 3-year-old white boy had symptomatic thrombocytopenia after receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in recommended doses for one week. The platelet count returned to normal soon after the medication was discontinued. In vitro admixing of donor platelets with a sample of the patient's serum demonstrated antiplatelet activity with the sulfamethoxazole component, but not with the trimethoprim component of the drug. PMID- 7244731 TI - Multiple (five) primary malignancies in one patient. AB - We have described a patient surviving five different malignancies, and have reviewed the need for characterization of genetic risk and for meticulous cancer screening. In multiple primary malignancies, the management of each cancer must be considered individually to ensure optimal patient care. PMID- 7244732 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis: an underdiagnosed syndrome. AB - Eosinophilic fasciitis is characterized by peripheral eosinophilia, diffuse induration of the skin (particularly of the extremities), thickened fascia, and responsiveness to corticosteroids. Since it was first described in 1974, 36 cases have been reported. We have presented three new cases diagnosed in our community hospital during the last 27 months, with reports on their follow-up while being treated with corticosteroids. We believe the disorder to be more common than reports indicate. PMID- 7244734 TI - Successful percutaneous removal of cardiac foreign body afer 13 months in situ. AB - We have reported the uncomplicated percutaneous removal of an embolized polyethylene catheter that had remained in the right ventricle for 13 months. This case suggests that transvenous catheterization technics should be attempted before resorting to more invasive measures in retrieving embolized catheters from the heart, regardless of time in situ. PMID- 7244733 TI - Boerhaave's syndrome preceding carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 7244735 TI - Fatal massive hemoptysis due to pneumonia. PMID- 7244736 TI - The once and future Pap smear. PMID- 7244737 TI - Error is an error is an error is an error (Gertrude Stein revisited) PMID- 7244739 TI - Major hepatic resection. AB - Among 75 major hepatic resections from 1968 to 1978, 58 were done for severe, devitalizing hepatic trauma, two thirds of which was blunt trauma. Anatomic lobectomies were done in 32 of the trauma cases. Of the 42 patients who survived, 17 had complications postoperatively. Five patients died intraoperatively of exsanguinating hemorrhage. Eleven additional patients died between days 1 and 42, four of them within two days of cardiovascular collapse. Seventeen major resections for tumor and other conditions carried a 12% mortality; four patients each had one complication postoperatively. These cases were compared with the 50 cases previously reported from this institution, totaling 125 major hepatic resections. Despite increasing severity of injury, mortality in such trauma victims has improved from 33% in the previous series to 28% in this series; it was 24% in the latter half of this series. Mortality for elective resections has improved from 23% in the earlier series to 12% in this series. Postoperative morbidity also was reduced. PMID- 7244740 TI - Hepatic resection. AB - From our retrospective review of 30 patients having hepatic resection, we have made the following conclusions: (1) Hepatic resection is an uncommon procedure. (2) The majority of liver injuries require only drainage or suture ligation and drainage. (3) Midline incision, early arterial occlusion, and resectional debridement should be used for massive liver trauma. (4) Resection for tumor requires preoperative arteriography, transverse incision, and anatomic resection. (5) Wide irrigation with drainage is used after liver resection. (6) Reperitonealization of raw liver should be done. (7) Postoperative support should include administration of blood products, glucose, and albumin. PMID- 7244738 TI - Rapid resolution of coronary artery thrombosis. PMID- 7244742 TI - Angiography in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - We obtained angiograms on 61 consecutive patients being evaluated for elective aneurysmorrhaphy at the Gainesville VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida. Renal artery stenosis was documented in 33% of cases, aberrant or multiple renal arteries in 26%, and other aneurysmal disease, most commonly in the iliac system, was present in 51%. Occlusive disease was common (30%). In 72% of patients, the preoperative angiogram affected the operative plan. Only one complication was recorded, a retroperitoneal hematoma from catheter perforation. The results correlate well with previously published reports. We conclude that a significant majority of patients having abdominal aortic aneurysm have angiographic abnormalities. In a majority of these patients, the angiogram altered operative therapy. PMID- 7244741 TI - Gangrene of the gallbladder: a complication of acute cholecystitis. AB - Eighteen cases of gangrenous cholecystitis were reviewed to better define causes of morbidity and mortality. All patients in the series presented with signs and symptoms of acute cholecystitis. Cholecystectomy was done as an emergency procedure in 12 patients, while in six patients cholecystectomy followed a failure of nonoperative therapy. Gangrenous cholecystitis in this series was commonly associated with empyema and perforation of the gallbladder. Three of six patients having cholecystectomy after failure of nonoperative treatment died, while only one of 12 patients with immediate cholecystectomy died. This series illustrates that gangrenous cholecystitis usually presents with a clinical picture identical to that of acute cholecystitis. Early operation in the natural history of acute cholecystitis should reduce the frequency as well as the morbidity and mortality of gangrenous cholecystitis. PMID- 7244746 TI - Squamous carcinoma of the uvula. AB - From a study of the clinical courses of nine patients with squamous carcinoma of the uvula and a review of the clinical literature involving such lesions, we have concluded that these tumors have a very poor prognosis when metastases occur, despite seemingly adequate initial therapy to the primary tumor. Consequently, we believe that more aggressive treatment (which may include irradiation of even subclinically involved neck nodes) should be considered. PMID- 7244744 TI - Hemoccult screening in selected patients. AB - One hundred patients, asymptomatic relative to gastrointestinal disease, who applied for elective hernia repair were tested as outpatients for occult blood in the stool. Twenty-six had one or more positive specimens. Among this group colonic disease was found in seven, including adenocarcinoma (Dukes' stage A) in one, adenomatous polyps in three, and colonic diverticula in the remainder. The unexpectedly high false-positive rate (33%) was reduced markedly by giving a meat free diet before stool collection. Patient compliance was excellent and the cost benefit ratio appeared to be acceptable. PMID- 7244745 TI - Value of purgation in examining stool for parasites. PMID- 7244743 TI - Manometric evaluation of esophageal disease. AB - Esophageal manometry has been helpful in delineating several aspects of the pathophysiology of esophageal disease. Its immediate contribution to patient care, however, is not clear. We reviewed our experience with 59 consecutive patients who had been referred to our laboratory specifically for this study. Manometry provided new information resulting in better patient management in only eight patients (14%). Manometric abnormalities are uncommon when radiographs and endoscopy are normal; thus, manometry should rarely be used alone to evaluate subjective complaints. It is useful preoperatively in patients with reflux esophagitis if a motility disorder is suspected and in patients with cricopharyngeal abnormality. After hiatal hernia repair performed with an adequate preoperative radiologic and endoscopic evaluation for reflux esophagitis, esophageal manometry contributes little additional information to the evaluation of postoperative dysphagia. PMID- 7244747 TI - Changes in thyroid function in pregnancy and with oral contraceptive use. AB - We measured T4, T3, T3 uptake, and TSH in nonpregnant patients, pregnant patients in the early and late first, and third trimesters, and patients using oral contraceptives. Mean T4 levels increased and T3 uptake decreased during pregnancy. Concentrations of T3 decreased in early pregnancy, then increased during the rest of pregnancy. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values were elevated in the second trimester. Decreased T3 concentration in the early first trimester suggests increased use of T3 by the fetus, placenta, and/or mother not compensated for by increased T4 pool size. Values found in oral contraceptive users were similar to those found in early pregnancy and may reflect changes in response to levels of estrogen found in oral contraceptives. Values provided illustrate changes in thyroid function parameters and are useful in providing a target range of laboratory values for therapeutic manipulation when comparing thyroid function values in nonpregnant patients, pregnant patients, and those using oral contraceptives. PMID- 7244748 TI - Selective delivery in high-risk pregnancy. AB - Ultrasonography, antepartum testing of the fetal heart rate, and amniotic fluid assays were used in a management protocol to select the optimal time for delivery of a group of 165 pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus or hypertensive disorders. Only six cases of intrauterine growth retardation were detected ante partum. Nonreactive nonstress tests were found in 28 pregnancies, and 12 of these also had positive contraction stress tests. Evidence of immaturity from amniotic fluid assay led to a needed delay in the delivery of eight infants. Seven antepartum fetal deaths occurred. Twenty-six infants were delivered prematurely, but there was only one late neonatal death. The uncorrected perinatal mortality for this group of high-risk pregnancies was 47.3 per 1,000 births. PMID- 7244749 TI - Effects of antihypertensive drug therapy on responses to isometric exercise. AB - The increases in heart rate and blood pressure induced by a standard isometric handgrip (IHG) stress in normal men were similar in degree to the changes found in an age-matched group of men with untreated essential hypertension. In hypertensive patients whose blood pressure was controlled at normal levels with hydrochlorothiazide or guanethidine, drugs that act primarily at peripheral sites, the pressor increases with IHG were not different from those found in the untreated subjects. In contrast, significantly augmented pressor responses to IHG were observed in patients treated with propranolol, methyldopa, or clonidine, agents with central antihypertensive activity. The observed hyperresponsiveness to the peripherally mediated reflexes involved in the pressor effects of IHG may be associated with chronic reduction of central sympathetic outflow. PMID- 7244750 TI - Relationship between frequency of sexual intercourse and urinary tract infections in young women. AB - We compared personal and sexual behavior of a group of 32 young adult women who had a culture proven urinary tract infection (UTI) and a group of 28 women who had no urinary symptoms. All women were sexually active, and the two groups were similar for age, race, marital status, history of previous pregnancy, and use of oral contraceptives. The major finding was an increase in the frequency of sexual intercourse by the study group immediately before the onset of symptoms. No group differences were found for manner of perineal hygiene, frequency of urination, frequency of refraining from voiding after the initial urge, and frequency of urinating after coitus. We conclude that an increase in sexual intercourse may be one of the factors involved in the development of a symptomatic UTI in young women. PMID- 7244751 TI - Use of calendar and weather data to predict walk-in attendance. AB - Hospital emergency rooms frequently provide routine health care to inner-city residents. Operating costs for such "walk-in" services might be reduced if staffing levels could be tailored to patient flow. To determine how calendar and meteorological factors affect attendance, we matched the daily visit records of a large ambulatory care center with concurrent calendar and weather data. Stepwise regression analysis resulted in a predictive equation that allows the projection of future attendance. In our facility, patient flow peaked on Monday and declined steadily during the remainder of the week. Fewer visits occurred during autumn and winter than during summer months. Higher temperatures were associated with more visits and daytime rainfall and glaze with fewer, once calendar variables were accounted for. The prediction equation has its greatest usefulness in projecting trends in walk-in attendance. Staffing levels can be adjusted to the predicted patient flow, allowing more cost-efficient operation. PMID- 7244752 TI - Identifying the acutely ill patient with asthma. AB - We studied 77 patients suffering acute asthma to identify those who needed hospitalization. Patients randomly received various doses of subcutaneous epinephrine. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured initially and at ten and 20 minutes after epinephrine administration. If adequate response was not noted from three doses of epinephrine, aminophylline and later hydrocortisone were given. Patients were admitted to the hospital if they did not improve or required emergency room treatment for four hours. Thirty-five percent (13/37) of the patients with an initial PEFR of less than or equal to 100 liters/min required hospital admission, whereas only 8% (3/40) with an initial PEFR of greater than 100 liters/min required hospitalization (P less than .01). Analysis of patients in the group at high risk also revealed significant differences between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients in PEFR. Asthmatics with significant airway obstruction (initial PEFR, less than or equal to 100 liters/min) who do not show prompt improvement after optimal epinephrine therapy should be closely observed and considered candidates for hospital admission. PMID- 7244755 TI - Azoospermia: diagnosis and management. AB - By using a detailed history and physical examination, endocrinologic studies, and, in some cases, testicular biopsy, we assign azoospermic men to three pathogenic groups: pretesticular, testicular, and posttesticular. This and further subclassification allow physicians to provide prognostic information. A few patients will have lesions amenable to surgical correction, or endocrinologic abnormalities that can be treated by replacement therapy or, as in the case of prolactin elevation, by surgery, irradiation, or bromocriptine therapy. Patients afflicted with irreversible sterility should be advised to accept the diagnosis and consider other pathways to parenthood, such as adoption or artificial insemination. PMID- 7244754 TI - Recent developments in brain rehabilitation. AB - This paper introduces the new area of neuropsychologic rehabilitation. Procedures have been developed that can improve some verbal and nonverbal skills impaired by stroke and other brain insults. Technics are described that are now available to remediate perceptual problems such as spatial neglect, cognition difficulties, and recent memory deficits in people with brain injury. PMID- 7244753 TI - Bacterial colonization of human milk. AB - Because human milk is being used more and more for feeding neonates, many hospitals are struggling with the issue of culturing. The literature indicates that human milk is hardly ever sterile. Since there has been much debate concerning protocols and frequency of culturing milk specimens, we evaluated our facility's protocol, the aim of which was to assure clean collection and transportation of the mothers' milk. We studied two large sectors of patients; private and nonprivate (service). Both sectors had a similar contamination rate with the same type of organisms. Private pediatricians generally ordered more cultures per patient than did the service (nonprivate) pediatrician. We challenge the need for all these cultures, which increase the patients' cost. PMID- 7244756 TI - Clinicopathologic conference. Grady Memorial Hospital--Emory University. Progressive systemic sclerosis with terminal neurologic manifestations. PMID- 7244758 TI - Coronary artery thrombus: rapid resolution shown by serial coronary arteriography. AB - Resolution of a coronary artery thrombus within two weeks was demonstrated by serial coronary arteriography in a man with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. This observation indicates that subtotal coronary artery thrombosis does not invariably progress to complete occlusion of the affected vessel and that the resolution of coronary artery thrombus can occur rapidly. PMID- 7244757 TI - Religion and illness: an outline of their relationship. AB - Religion serves at least three functions for the sick or dying patient. (1) It provides a theoretical framework in which to make sense of illness and mortality by understanding them as punishment, education, purification, sacrifice, or mystery, and it does so without denying the reality of these experiences. (2) It provides such practical resources for coping with sickness, suffering, and mortality as prayer, social support, and ritual actions aimed at forgiveness, transcendence, and healing. (3) It gives hope in the face of inevitable death. The particular clinical benefits of religion, both physical and psychologic, as well as its possible distortions, are known anecdotally. Empirical studies are needed to test these impressions. PMID- 7244760 TI - Multifocal sporotrichosis presenting with lobar pulmonary consolidation. AB - A case of multifocal systemic sporotrichosis presenting with lobar pneumonia caused by Sporothrix schenkii is described. While five cases of pulmonary involvement in multifocal sporotrichosis have been previously reported, all had nodular or cavitary apical lesions. Similarly, unifocal pulmonary sporotrichosis usually presents with apical cavitary disease. The presence of skin nodules led to a culture diagnosis of sporotrichosis of the skin and prompted further diagnostic studies to elucidate the etiology of the pneumonia. PMID- 7244759 TI - Giant liposarcoma of the spermatic cord. AB - Liposarcoma of the spermatic cord is rare and easily masquerades as a more common benign neoplasm of the spermatic cord. If neglected, these malignancies may grow to tremendous size and become formidable management problems. The treatment of this malignancy is orchiectomy and en bloc removal of the tumor. More radical operative therapy has not generally proved beneficial. Adjunctive therapy may be helpful in selected cases. PMID- 7244761 TI - Flavobacterium meningosepticum in the neonatal period. AB - We have described a term newborn infant who developed Flavobacterium meningosepticum meningitis at 9 days of age. The case demonstrates the tenacity and changing antibiotic sensitivity of this organism. We used trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) intravenously to obtain CSF sterilization. On follow up this child was neurologically intact. PMID- 7244762 TI - Virilizing adrenocortical carcinoma: role of computed tomography. AB - A 31-year-old woman who presented with virilization was found to have elevated plasma testosterone and increased urinary 17-KS levels. The apparent source of androgens was detected and defined by CT scanning as a right-sided adrenal mass lesion, which was successfully resected and which proved to be an adrenocortical carcinoma. PMID- 7244763 TI - Flavobacterium meningosepticum sepsis: disease due to bacteria with unusual antibiotic susceptibility. AB - The three cases we have presented implicate F meningosepticum as a significant pathogen causing disease in immunocompromised adult patients. Since this organism is of low pathogenicity but may be found in the hospital environment, its identification as a pathogen raises the suspicion of a nosocomial source of infection, and a search for the source should be made. Furthermore, with regard to the choice of antimicrobial therapy, it must be remembered that this organism is resistant to most antibiotics commonly used to treat gram-negative bacilli, and disk diffusion technics may not reliably predict actual antibiotic sensitivity. PMID- 7244765 TI - Baker's cyst and venous thrombosis. AB - A patient with deep venous thrombophlebitis had superficial thrombophlebitis while receiving adequate anticoagulation therapy and was then found to have a large Baker's cyst. The patient responded well to intra-articular steroids. Although an uncommon situation, thrombophlebitis may coexist with "pseudothrombophlebitis." Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and daily assessment of response to therapy. PMID- 7244764 TI - Depression and sickle cell anemia. AB - Very few reports of depression occurring with sickle cell anemia have been documented. We have reported three cases of depression in patients with sickle cell anemia that were referred over a relatively brief period, and that were successfully treated with antidepressant medication and family therapy. We examined possible mechanisms of depression, and concluded that depression may accompany sickle cell anemia more commonly than previously suspected. PMID- 7244766 TI - Creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - The results of CPK isoenzyme studies in a patient with ALS are reported. Generally, normal or mildly elevated total CPK levels with MB and BB isomers were observed. Since the routine causes of MB and BB isomers were excluded, it is thought that the presence of the isomers is due to the patient's primary neurologic disease with accompanying skeletal muscle changes. PMID- 7244767 TI - Coexistence of diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma and polycythemia vera. PMID- 7244768 TI - Female inguinal hernias and testicular feminization. AB - Surgeons and clinicians should be aware of testicular feminization and its implications in performing inguinal hernia repairs on female patients of any age. Removal of the gonads is probably indicated only after pubertal growth is complete. Other intersex conditions usually require prepubertal gonadectomy, but in these patients diagnosis is often made before any planned hernia repair. Incisional biopsy of abnormal gonads is important, but the diagnosis of testicular feminization must be confirmed by appropriate laboratory tests. Corticosteroids should be given to cover the immediate postoperative period so that patients with biochemical defects will not have hypoadrenalism. PMID- 7244769 TI - Solitary intraductal papilloma of the male breast. PMID- 7244770 TI - Inappropriate antidiuresis during amitriptyline therapy. PMID- 7244771 TI - [Hemoptysis as a diagnostic symptom]. PMID- 7244773 TI - [Melanoma of the rectum]. PMID- 7244774 TI - [Anatomical variant of the cystic duct]. PMID- 7244772 TI - [Postgraduate and continuing training of surgeons]. PMID- 7244776 TI - [Functional state of the adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7244775 TI - [Activity of the sympathetic-adrenal system in ischemic heart disease during treatment with obsidan]. PMID- 7244778 TI - [Pulmonary blood flow in acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7244777 TI - [First aid service in USSR]. PMID- 7244780 TI - [Cholinergic mechanisms in the formation of the population of defective erythrocytes in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]. PMID- 7244781 TI - [Riboflavin metabolism in iron-deficiency anemia]. PMID- 7244779 TI - [Hepatic porphyria]. PMID- 7244782 TI - [Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in peritonitis after drainage of the thoracic duct]. PMID- 7244783 TI - [Ribonuclease in the treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7244785 TI - [Erosive-ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract in burns]. PMID- 7244786 TI - [Prevention of cicatricial contractures in burns]. PMID- 7244784 TI - [Pneumocontrasting in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors]. PMID- 7244787 TI - [Brain stem function in the terminal stage of chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7244788 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in rheumatic fever]. PMID- 7244789 TI - [Clinical manifestations and immunological reactivity in tick-borne encephalitis]. PMID- 7244791 TI - [Diagnosis of cholelithiasis by determination of bile lipid levels]. PMID- 7244790 TI - [Pathomorphosis of mental disorders after hemosorption treatment]. PMID- 7244792 TI - [Surgical treatment of ischemic cerebral infarction]. PMID- 7244793 TI - [Prospects for the use of immobilized enzymes in surgery]. PMID- 7244794 TI - [Dissecting aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 7244795 TI - [Infusion therapy in the treatment of appendicular peritonitis in children by aspiration drainage of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 7244796 TI - [Kidney function in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7244797 TI - [Control of teaching processes]. PMID- 7244798 TI - [Active detection of cervical cancer in a large city]. PMID- 7244799 TI - [Anerobic infection]. PMID- 7244801 TI - [Comparison of the results of bronchography and bronchoscopy in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7244800 TI - [Kidney function in acute dysentery (radioisotope-renographic data)]. PMID- 7244802 TI - [Comparative diagnostic value of roentgenofunctional and spirographic indicators]. PMID- 7244805 TI - [Neurological aspects of cerebral and metabolic-alimentary obesity]. PMID- 7244804 TI - [Local treatment of persistent peptic ulcer with a fibroendoscope]. PMID- 7244807 TI - [Clinico-macromorphological comparisons in traumatic brain edema involving mainly the temporal lobe]. PMID- 7244803 TI - [Biochemical examination of the bile in diseases of the small intestine]. PMID- 7244806 TI - [Autonomic vascular disorders in chlorophos poisoning]. PMID- 7244808 TI - [Clinico-morphological parallels in Brill's disease]. PMID- 7244809 TI - [Effect of combined synthetic progestins on blood coagulation properties and alpha 2-glycoprotein content]. PMID- 7244810 TI - [Characteristics of lipid metabolism in patients with uterine myoma]. PMID- 7244811 TI - [Myocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of non-coronarogenic heart disease]. PMID- 7244812 TI - [Reactive changes in the liver after the use of various suture materials]. PMID- 7244813 TI - [Use of glue as a method of hemostasis in rectal cancer surgery]. PMID- 7244815 TI - [Use of decaris in chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7244814 TI - [Clinical use of hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 7244816 TI - [Management of pregnancy and labor in patients with uterine myoma]. PMID- 7244817 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of acute complicated pneumonia]. PMID- 7244818 TI - [Prevention of pyrogenic reactions during hemodialysis]. PMID- 7244819 TI - [Creation of a coordination plan by a leading research institute]. PMID- 7244820 TI - [Teaching objectives and methods as a means of improving the effectiveness and quality of specialist training at a medical institute]. PMID- 7244821 TI - [Immunological criteria of the protracted course of acute pneumonias]. PMID- 7244822 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course of erysipelas in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 7244823 TI - [Work capacity of urologic tuberculosis patients with a single kidney]. PMID- 7244824 TI - [Removal of foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract using fiber endoscopes]. PMID- 7244826 TI - [Acute suppurative destructive lung diseases]. PMID- 7244827 TI - [Gastric electromyography after selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 7244825 TI - [Immunological reactivity indices in suppurative lung diseases]. PMID- 7244828 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis of early forms of stomach cancer]. PMID- 7244829 TI - [Nonspecific immunity indices in inflammatory complications after surgery of the large intestine]. PMID- 7244830 TI - [Importance of the cytochemical study of leukocyte enzyme activity in infectious allergic myocarditis]. PMID- 7244831 TI - [Potential for the differential correction of night sleep structure by acupuncture therapy]. PMID- 7244832 TI - [Microcirculatory disorders in food toxin infections and means of prevention]. PMID- 7244833 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the course of open injuries of the extremities]. PMID- 7244834 TI - [Stimulation of lymph outflow and the prevention of complications in treating lymphedema of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7244835 TI - [Reflexotherapy in treating asthma patients taking hormonal preparations]. PMID- 7244836 TI - [Clinical importance of determining fibrinogen and fibrin breakdown products in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7244837 TI - [Phlebographic study of the thymus gland in myasthenia]. PMID- 7244839 TI - [Pharmacodynamics of optic isomers and racemic form of camphor]. PMID- 7244838 TI - [Determination of the term of pregnancy based on measuring fetal length by an ultrasonic method]. PMID- 7244840 TI - [Hemodynamic action of curantil in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7244844 TI - [Dynamics of the physiological indices in shoulder girdle injuries]. PMID- 7244845 TI - A classroom on the wards. PMID- 7244841 TI - [Prognosis of treatment results in bronchiectatic disease]. PMID- 7244842 TI - [Resection of the liver in focal lesions]. PMID- 7244843 TI - [Mental disorders in severe vinegar essence poisoning]. PMID- 7244847 TI - British sign language. PMID- 7244846 TI - Cultural diversity in special education. PMID- 7244848 TI - For humanities' sake. PMID- 7244849 TI - Introducing the teacher prompt. PMID- 7244850 TI - A team approach to disruption. PMID- 7244851 TI - [Epidemiologic pattern and control of tuberculosis in the Mexican Republic]. PMID- 7244853 TI - [Prevalence of epileptic seizures among children in a rural town of Mexico]. PMID- 7244852 TI - [Mortality in the perinatal period]. PMID- 7244856 TI - [Prolactinemia in newly diagnosed hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 7244854 TI - [Biologic contamination of potable water in a small community in Federal District]. PMID- 7244855 TI - [Alcohol consumption in the Federal District population]. PMID- 7244857 TI - [Clinical, endocrinological and histopathological findings in the rudimentary testis and penis syndrome]. PMID- 7244858 TI - [Development of Wagner-Meissner corpuscles in the thenar and hypothenar skin]. PMID- 7244859 TI - [Tuberculosis of the larynx]. PMID- 7244860 TI - [Treatment of zoster paralysis of the facial nerve]. PMID- 7244861 TI - [Arias-Stella reaction of endometrial glands in pregnancy]. PMID- 7244863 TI - [Rhesus isoimmunization and hemolytic disease in 1 twin of rhesus-incompatible parents]. PMID- 7244862 TI - [Collection and dispatching of material for chemical and toxicological investigations]. PMID- 7244864 TI - [Sickle cell trait in a Nigerian family]. PMID- 7244865 TI - [New trends in operations on the thyroid gland]. PMID- 7244866 TI - [Bronchoplastic operations for bronchogenic carcinoma]. PMID- 7244867 TI - [Surgery in patients with cardiac pacing]. PMID- 7244869 TI - [Cancer of the male breast]. PMID- 7244868 TI - [Dynamic thermography in the diagnosis of breast cancer]. PMID- 7244871 TI - [Lymphography in testicular tumors]. PMID- 7244872 TI - [Sciatic herniation of the ureter]. PMID- 7244870 TI - [Injuries of the colon caused by foreign bodies]. PMID- 7244874 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies on rheumatic fever]. PMID- 7244875 TI - [On the advance of reconstruction surgery of the joint]. PMID- 7244873 TI - [Inter-hospital transportation in the emergency medical service]. PMID- 7244876 TI - [Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Epidemiology and pathogenesis]. PMID- 7244877 TI - [Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Problems in the diagnosis of JRA]. PMID- 7244879 TI - [Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Management and prognosis of JRA]. PMID- 7244878 TI - [Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and immunological study in JRA]. PMID- 7244880 TI - [Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Comparative clinical studies between juvenile and adult onset RA]. PMID- 7244881 TI - [Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Prognostic study from the standpoint of orthopedics of the patients with JRA]. PMID- 7244882 TI - [Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Pathology of JRA in Japan--Survey of autopsied as well as biopsied cases]. PMID- 7244883 TI - [Aspiration cytology: the role of aspiration cytology in the treatment of patients with operable breast cancer]. PMID- 7244884 TI - [Estrogen receptor values in breast cancer in white and colored patients: a preliminary comparative study]. PMID- 7244886 TI - [Extraperitoneal aortofemoral bypass]. PMID- 7244885 TI - [Ocular pneumo-plethysmography as a diagnostic aid in carotid artery stenosis]. PMID- 7244887 TI - [The use of the end-to-end stapler in anastomoses of the esophagus]. PMID- 7244888 TI - [Experience in the Burn Injury Unit of Tygerberg Hospital]. PMID- 7244890 TI - [Acute sinusitis in children]. PMID- 7244892 TI - Condemnation of the smoking habit. PMID- 7244889 TI - [The clinically solitary thyroid nodule]. PMID- 7244891 TI - [Anxiety hyperventilation]. PMID- 7244894 TI - Valve replacement in active infective endocarditis. AB - To assess the role of emergency valve replacement in patients with active infective endocarditis (IE), we reviewed 30 patients who underwent valve replacement within 3 months of the diagnosis of IE. Eighteen patients fulfilling the criteria for active IE underwent emergency surgery. The aortic valve was involved in all cases and was previously thought to be normal in 12 (67%). There were 5 early deaths (27,7%), 4 due to circulatory failure and 1 due to rupture of a mycotic cerebral aneurysm. Prosthetic valve dehiscence (paravalvular leak) developed in only 1 patient, and prosthetic valve endocarditis did not occur. The results confirm the place of early valve replacement in otherwise moribund patients with IE. We recommend immediate valve replacement for active IE in the presence of: (i) progressive haemodynamic deterioration; (ii) failure to obtain early control of infection; (iii) significant emboli; and (iv) conduction disturbances. PMID- 7244895 TI - The 'padlock sign' in computed tomography of the head. AB - In computed tomography (CT) of the head, some lesions may enhance after intravenous injection of contrast material as semisolid or semicystic lesions resembling a padlock. Thirty-five patients whose scans showed padlock-shaped enhancement patterns were followed up and proved to have the following: 12 gliomas, 9 abscesses, 8 metastases, 3 tuberculomas, 1 craniopharyngioma, 1 meningioma and 1 cystic prolactinoma. The sign is probably caused by excentric cavitation in a solid lesion, or partial-volume averaging of the capsule in an irregularly shaped cystic lesion. PMID- 7244893 TI - The aetiology of type 1 bends in divers. PMID- 7244896 TI - Snakebite and the use of antivenom in southern Africa. PMID- 7244898 TI - The micro-erythrocyte sedimentation rate in black neonates and children. Part I. Its value in suspected neonatal infection. AB - The normal ranges for the micro-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in neonates have been established. The use of the micro-ESR technique as an aid to the diagnosis of neonatal infection has been assessed. This test is both simple and quick, needs a heel prick only and appears to have considerable value in predicting the presence of infection in neonates. PMID- 7244897 TI - Iron nutrition in Indian women at different ages. AB - The iron status of 320 Indian women living in Chatsworth, Durban, who had volunteered for iron absorption studies, was assessed using a number of measurements. These included: radio-iron absorption, the transferrin saturation, the serum ferritin concentration and the haemoglobin concentration. In the sample as a whole, the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia (haemoglobin concentration less than 12 g/dl, with two or more abnormal measurements of iron status) was 14,4%. A further 26% had depleted iron stores (serum ferritin less than 12 micrograms/l) and 8,4% also had evidence of iron-deficient erythropoiesis (serum ferritin less than 12 micrograms/l and transferrin saturation below 16%). A profile of iron status based on the cumulative frequency distribution of iron stores showed that the sample, with calculated median iron stores of 150 mg and lower and upper 10 percentiles of -355 mg and 655 mg respectively, was significantly more iron deficient than a sample of women studied in Washington State, USA. Of interest was the observation that all measurements of iron status were better in the older age groups, presumably as a result of the cessation of menstruation. In addition, there was evidence that the duration of menstruation, as volunteered in a brief history, had a significant effect on several measurements of iron status. This was particularly true of the serum ferritin concentration and radio-iron absorption, both of which reflect the size of the iron stores. PMID- 7244899 TI - Observations on the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland. AB - Thyroid glands were studied during surgery in 17 patients and the records of a further 53 patients who had undergone thyroidectomy were reviewed to establish the incidence of the pyramidal lobe. It was found to be present in 60 - 65% of subjects (usually being situated on the left side), and should therefore be regarded as a normal component of the thyroid gland and not as a congenital abnormality. In patients with diffuse disease of the gland the lobe is always involved. PMID- 7244900 TI - Attitudes of recent medical graduates and East Rand doctors to water fluoridation. PMID- 7244901 TI - The effect of paraquat on the incorporation of 14C-leucine and 14C-palmitate into lung proteins and lung lipids of rats and rabbits. PMID- 7244902 TI - [Prevention of urinary tract infections in women]. PMID- 7244904 TI - Premenopausal immunity to coronary heart disease. PMID- 7244905 TI - The Laerdal mask and Stellenbosch circuit - a hazardous combination of anaesthetic equipment. PMID- 7244903 TI - Cyclosporin A and organ transplantation. PMID- 7244906 TI - Muscle biopsies. PMID- 7244907 TI - Aortic valve replacement in the elderly. AB - With increasing longevity, increasing numbers of patients in their 8th decade present with symptomatic aortic valvular disease. We have examined the results of aortic valve replacement in 30 patients of 70 years or older who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement at Groote Schuur Hospital between January 1969 and January 1979. Follow-up ranged from 1 year to 10 years, with a mean of 2,5 years. There was 1 operative death. Two patients died within the first 6 months of operative complications. The 1-year survival rate was 90%. All hospital survivors showed marked improvement in cardiac functional status. Actuarial statistics on survival show an 84% survival rate at 3 years. Aortic valve replacement is safe and effective in patients over the age of 70 years. PMID- 7244908 TI - Variable decelerations of the fetal heart rate during antenatal monitoring. AB - Variable decelerations were observed in only 52 (0,75%) of 4 509 patients in whom the fetal heart rate was monitored antenatally. In 14 patients fetal monitoring was performed less than 1 week before the test with variable decelerations. The results of 9 of these tests were normal. Tests were repeated within 1 week in 16 patients; normal results were seen in 11 of these. Fetal movements and acceleration patterns of the fetal heart rate occurred in 54% and 23% of patients respectively. The interval between testing and delivery ranged from 0 to 98 days, with a mean of 14 days, and there were no intra-uterine deaths. Fetal distress during labour was rare. Fetal outcome was favourable in only 4 of the 7 cases in which variable decelerations were complicated by reduced beat-to-beat variability. Variable decelerations during the antepartum period therefore do not necessarily indicate a complicated labour. PMID- 7244909 TI - A South African-made copper intra-uterine contraceptive device. A preliminary report. AB - A series of 375 patients in whom Cuprocept intra-uterine contraceptive devices (manufactured by Cuprocept SA) have been inserted over a period of 12 months by non-White nursing staff is presented. The trial is continuing. Results so far are very encouraging; the continuation rate is 91,5% and there was only 1 unplanned pregnancy. PMID- 7244911 TI - Female bladder problems - a case for psychotherapy? A case report. AB - The case of a 31-year-old woman suffering from repeated episodes of urinary retention is presented. Several surgical procedures had given her only temporary relief. When the patient presented with overt depression and anxiety she was assessed psychiatrically, and it was noted that the urinary retention coincided with episodes of domestic emotional distress. A behavioural treatment programme was initiated and a remission of the urological symptoms rapidly achieved. The importance of psychotherapeutic intervention in such cases is emphasized. PMID- 7244912 TI - Psychiatric disorders in a developing community as reflected by archival material. AB - We surveyed the clinical records kept at the outpatient psychiatric clinic at the Umtata Hospital, Transkei. The four commonest psychiatric disorders diagnosed at the clinic were schizophrenia, depression, epilepsy, and anxiety states. Other diagnoses included alcoholism, hysteria, confusional states and organic brain syndromes. PMID- 7244910 TI - A comparison of admissions to a semirural hospital between the years 1959/1960 and 1977/1978. AB - A survey was conducted of admissions to a semirural hospital for Black patients in Bophuthatswana for the period April - March of the years 1959/19610 and 1977/1978 to ascertain whether any measurable change had occurred in the disease pattern. No significant increase over the 18 years was found in the number of admissions for diabetes, appendicitis, peptic ulceration, or coronary heart disease. There was, however, an increase in the incidence of anorectal conditions and in admissions for hypertension. PMID- 7244914 TI - Rabies. Case reports. AB - Three cases of rabies which occurred during the recent epidemic in Natal are presented, showing the differences in the signs and symptoms and in the results of histological and virological studies. PMID- 7244913 TI - Anorexia nervosa - a prevalence study. PMID- 7244915 TI - Salmonella meningitis. A report of 4 cases. AB - Four cases of salmonella meningitis occurring in young children from an area in which typhoid fever is endemic are described. The paucity of clinical signs and misleading initial lumbar puncture results in some cases are outlined, and the clinical picture, treatment and mortality are discussed. PMID- 7244917 TI - Weight gain in pregnancy--30 year of research. PMID- 7244916 TI - The effect of water deficit on body temperature during rugby. AB - Sweat losses, water deficits and changes in rectal temperature were measured in 13 first-league players during a rugby match. Changes in plasma volume, serum electrolyte and blood glucose levels were also determined. Rectal temperatures were markedly elevated after the match. Both temperatures reached levels which are known to be associated with an impairment of physical, mental and psychological function, and could have caused a deterioration in performance during the second half of the match. Body temperatures were high enough to have predisposed to aggressive behaviour. Increases in rectal temperature were related to water deficit. The small volumes of fluid ingested by the players just before and during the match suggest that they are unaware of the importance of preventing dehydration. Recommendations are made to reduce the risk of hyperthermia. Glucose and electrolyte supplementation is not required just before and during rugby. PMID- 7244918 TI - After-hours visits--doctors' and patients' attitudes. An investigation and comparison. AB - The fact that doctors and patients view the after-hours visit in a markedly different fashion is illustrated by this study by 9 doctors and their patients. It was found that attitudinal factors play a large part in the initiation (by the patient) of a visit as well as in the execution (by the doctor) of one. As after hours calls play such an important role in a health care system and are extremely costly it is suggested that education of both doctors and patients is needed to limit calls. PMID- 7244919 TI - [An epidemiological study of poisoning in the Bloemfontein area]. AB - an epidemiological study of human poisoning in the Bloemfontein area over a recent 3-year period was performed. Deliberate poisoning and accidental poisoning relative to age and sex were studied. Drugs were responsible for the majority of cases. Children seemed to have two peak periods of poisoning with regard to age, namely 1-4 years and 14-16 years. The incidences of some agents involved were compared with those in a study covering the preceding 7 years. Problem areas are identified and discussed with the aim of lowering the incidence of poisoning. PMID- 7244921 TI - [The smoking habits of health status of physicians graduated from the University of Pretoria. A preliminary report]. PMID- 7244920 TI - [The influence of smoking habits on the symptoms of diffuse obstructive pulmonary syndrome]. AB - In a randomized sample of the Bellville population a high prevalence rate for smoking was found in man (71%) and women (38%). Of the smokers, 73% of men and 42% of women started smoking before the age of 21 years. On the whole men were heavier smokers than women. An inverse relationship between social class and smoking was partly shown. A distinct relationship between smoking in men and symptoms of cough, production of sputum and grade 2 dyspnoea was also shown. In women there was a relation to the symptoms of morning cough and sputum production but, in contrast to men, not to the symptoms of chronic cough and sputum production relating to chronic bronchitis. It appears that men are more susceptible to chronic bronchitis than women. A total of 32% men and 30% women had stopped smoking. Various reasons were given for discontinuing or decreasing smoking, a personal decision being of more importance than a doctor's recommendation. PMID- 7244924 TI - Drug firm hospitality. PMID- 7244923 TI - [Angina pectoris]. PMID- 7244922 TI - The prevalence of hypertension in rural Zulus. A preliminary study. AB - In a preliminary random study of 1 000 rural Zulus the overall prevalence of primary hypertension was 10,5% (females 10,75%, males 10%). Women between the ages of 31 and 40 years had a higher prevalence than men. The mean arterial pressure in relation to age and sex was not as high as in urban Zulus. The urban Zulus had a more definite rise in mean arterial pressure after 30 years of age. A diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mmHg was present in 8,1% of the subjects and 2,3% had a diastolic blood pressure of greater than or equal to 105 mmHg. This study suggests that hypertension is not a major health problem in rural Zulus and that large-scale case-finding and intervention programmes should be confined to the urban Black population of South Africa. PMID- 7244926 TI - Sugar for energy in marathon running. PMID- 7244925 TI - Oral amoxycillin in infective endocarditis. PMID- 7244927 TI - Parameters for child health. AB - Keeping in mind that child health is closely related to socio-economic conditions, examples of the relationship between infant mortality and gross national product (GNP) per capita are given. If the infant mortality rate is taken as a parameter of health care its accurate determination raises some problems, which are discussed. Lastly, the perspectives for improving perinatal and infant mortality rates both in developed and developing countries are considered. In this respect the place of paediatric research is emphasized. PMID- 7244928 TI - Antibody responses to T-activated red cells in children from high- and low-risk areas of cancer of the oesophagus in Transkei. AB - Information is presented on the role of humoral anti-T activity in children residing in areas of Transkei where the incidence of cancer of the oesophagus ranks among the highest in the world. It is significant that children from high risk areas produce elevated levels of antibodies to the cryptantigenic T structure of autologous cell membranes more often than those from low-risk areas (X2(1) = 32; P less than 0,0005). The extreme variations recorded in anti-T response between these two groups of children could not be related to a greater prevalence of viral infections or other susceptible childhood diseases. Available evidence suggests that the observed differences in anti-T activity may be closely related to environmental nutritive imbalances, some of which are known to be significantly correlated with the high-incidence foci of cancer of the oesophagus in Transkei. PMID- 7244929 TI - The effects of schistosomiasis on spontaneous play activity in black schoolchildren in the endemic areas. An ethological study. AB - An ethological study was undertaken in two primary schools in Natal to assess the effect of schistosome infections on the spontaneous activity of schoolchildren in endemic areas. Results indicate that there is selective exposure of more active children to the disease. In low-level infections with Schistosoma haematobium (less than 1000 eggs excreted in a 2-hour midday period) or S. mansoni (less than 1000 eggs/g dry weight of stool) there is little evidence of a decrease in energetic activity under normal conditions in subjects with higher egg counts or infections with both schistosomes activity levels generally fall, especially under hot, humid weather conditions, when the fall in activity is greater than that for control subjects. PMID- 7244931 TI - Complete remission of idiopathic pure red cell aplasia. Case reports. AB - Two patients with pure red cell aplasia of undetermined aetiology are in sustained, complete remission after immunosuppressive therapy. In the first, short-term supplementary plasmapheresis was used during initial chemotherapy, and in the second, anabolic androgens were administered. In both patients haematopoietic recovery was temporally related to the withdrawal of the cyclophosphamide used to cause immunosuppression in the patients over a 4- and 6 month period respectively. PMID- 7244930 TI - Tuberculosis prevalence survey in the Daveyton (Benoni) urban black community. AB - A sample of urban Blacks from Daveyton, Tvl, randomly selected to fully represent the parent community, was investigated for bacteriological prevalence of chest abnormalities associated with tuberculosis among adults, as well as for hypersensitivity to tuberculin in children. Radiological evidence of tuberculous lesions was demonstrated in 4.8% of subjects, half of whom were regarded as active cases. In the light of a bacteriological prevalence of 0.7% the radiological prevalence may be an overestimate, particularly since the 1978 incidence rate according to notification figures tends to support the prevalence survey estimates. PMID- 7244933 TI - [The eradication of malaria in Vietnam]. PMID- 7244934 TI - Problems of optimizing the organization of health care (aspects of the activity of the Ministry of Health of the Latvian SSR). PMID- 7244932 TI - Convulsions during epidural anaesthesia. A case report. AB - A case of convulsion due to inadvertent intravascular injection of bupivacaine during attempted epidural anaesthesia is presented. A review of the literature indicates that such an event is difficult to anticipate, and resuscitative equipment and skill are prerequisites for anyone attempting epidural anaesthesia. The role of benzodiazepines, test doses and aspiration tests and the significance of plasma drug levels are discussed. PMID- 7244935 TI - Organization and based principles of activity of the ambulance and emergency medical posts. PMID- 7244937 TI - An investigation on the health condition of rural residents over sixty as related to some socio-hygienic aspects of their living standards. PMID- 7244936 TI - Certain tendencies of drug use in metropolitan population. PMID- 7244938 TI - [The health status of nurses]. PMID- 7244939 TI - The part played by student scientific research in training physicians. PMID- 7244940 TI - Social work identity, competence, and autonomy: the ecological perspective. PMID- 7244941 TI - Innovative programs in a health care setting. PMID- 7244942 TI - The role of grandparents in adjustment to epilepsy. PMID- 7244943 TI - A social worker's use of a patient attitude survey in the administration of a small health clinic. AB - This paper has been a report of a patient attitude survey with 100 randomly selected parents and/or adult patients. It demonstrates that most consumers of our service were pleased with the humaneness and competence of the professional staff. It identified areas of weakness which needed improvement. Constructive action to correct these weaknesses has been initiated. Therefore, this process has demonstrated the value of client feedback for agency operation. It is important to caution the reader that because of the vulnerability of the patients they learn to be accommodating even if unintentional agency practices embarrass and degrade them. The value of patient satisfaction as a measure of the humanism provided by an agency depends on the population being served--their expectations, fears, and hierarchy of concerns. PMID- 7244944 TI - Prescribing psychotropic drugs: whose responsibility? AB - Through the use of a questionnaire it has been ascertained that a significant number of second-year graduate school social work students at the Columbia University School of Social Work are called upon to monitor and dispense psychotrophic drugs in various placements where they receive their practical clinical training. In some instances they may even fill out prescription blanks that are signed by psychiatrists who do not have the time to see the patients personally. This situation not only represents the abdication of medical responsibility, frequently leaving non-medical personnel with functions beyond their training and professional competence, but also raises important ethical and legal problems. Non-medical professionals in mental health settings should receive appropriate instruction in the essentials of psychopharmacology. Such training should not be left to chance as apparently is the case now. Non medically trained members of the mental health team, if properly instructed, could cooperate more effectively with the psychiatrists who must in any event retain primary responsibility for pharmacotherapy. PMID- 7244945 TI - Social work quality assurance based on medical diagnosis and task: a second-stage report. PMID- 7244946 TI - Senior Counselor-Assistants for a geriatric program in a community hospital. PMID- 7244947 TI - Fatal respiratory distress in burned patients. AB - Of 167 patients with major burns, fatal respiratory distress developed in ten. Fluid overload caused fatal respiratory failure within 48 hours of admission in five patients with anuria, whereas late deaths were due to fluid overload and pulmonary sepsis. Three of the four patients who had a tracheostomy died of pulmonary sepsis, whereas all ten patients who had endotracheal intubation survived, p less than 0.05. Preventable causes of fatal respiratory distress were found in all ten patients. The use of colloid infusions during burn shock resuscitation and serial monitoring of pulmonary extravascular water was suggested for prophylaxis of fluid overload and respiratory distress syndrome. Aspiration pneumonia prophylaxis and avoidance of an early tracheostomy were suggested for prophylaxis of pulmonary sepsis. It is suggested that the concept of idiopathic burn lung syndrome be abandoned, and instead, a vigorous etiologic search to be instituted in order to prevent, to identify and to treat correctable causes of respiratory failure. PMID- 7244949 TI - Patterns of mortality in a surgical intensive care unit. AB - Mortalities in a surgical intensive care unit during a three year period were reviewed. The over-all mortality was 8.2 per cent. Sixty-four per cent of the deaths followed nontraumatic surgical illness and 36 per cent followed trauma. Eighty-one per cent of patients died as a direct result of traumatic injuries, while only 19 per cent died of sepsis or multiple organ failure. On the other hand, 62 per cent of the nontrauma related deaths were a consequence of sepsis or multiple organ failure. Further research into cellular support is needed to reverse the problem of sepsis related organ failure. PMID- 7244948 TI - The effect of vasopressin on gastric wound healing. AB - The gastric incisions of rabbits intra-arterially infused with vasopressin were analyzed for collagen synthesis, tensile strength and inflammatory reaction for five, ten and 20 days from the time of wounding. Significant differences were looked for in the collagen content of treated and untreated wounds. Tensile strength of a strip of gastric wound with sutures removed was tested on a motor driven tensiometer. The breaking point of the strip in grams of weight required was used as the end point. A portion of tissue from the wound site of each of the 36 rabbits was processed for microscopic examination, and the resulting slides were labeled with code numbers to preserve blind conditions. The effect of vasopressin on the healing of a standard gastric incision in the rabbit was studied. When compared with those rabbits in the control study which were infused with a saline solution alone, no significant difference was found in tensile strength, inflammatory response or synthesis of new collagen, as determined by the hydroxyproline ratio. There would appear to be no adverse effects upon gastric wound healing as a result of intra-arterially infused vasopressin in the concentrations used in this experiment. PMID- 7244951 TI - The accuracy of clinical nodal staging and of limited axillary dissection as a determinant of histologic nodal status in carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 7244950 TI - Reoperations for hyperparathyroidism. AB - During a 20 year period, 27 patients have undergone reoperations for primary hyperparathyroidism. Hypercalcemia has been successfully controlled in 21 of the 27 patients after a total of 64 operations. Reasons for failure at initial exploration included surgical error in 12, multiple gland disease in five, unusual parathyroid gland location in five, carcinoma of the parathyroid gland in two and unknown in three. A variety of techniques were used to localize missing parathyroid glands prior to reoperation. Selective venous sampling was the most helpful but gave correct localizing information in only nine of 18 patients. Postoperatively, hypoparathyroidism was temporary in two patients and permanent in four. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was temporary in one patient, permanent and unilateral in two and bilateral in one patient. Reoperations for hyperparathyroidism are associated with increased morbidity and decreased success. Most importantly, failure at the initial operation is preventable in most patients. PMID- 7244952 TI - Hemodynamic effects of naloxone in hemorrhagic shock in pigs. AB - The narcotic antagonist naloxone has been shown to reverse hypotension in hemorrhagic and septic shock in rats and dogs. This study was undertaken to investigate the hemodynamic effects of naloxone on hemorrhagic shock in the pig. Thirteen pigs were anesthetized with pentobarbital and were bled to a mean arterial pressure of 54 per cent of the initial mean arterial pressure. Seven pigs received naloxone in increasing doses of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 milligram per kilogram intravenously, while the six pigs in the control group were given identical volumes of normal saline solution. Results indicate an increase in mean arterial pressure in the pigs of the naloxone group compared with that for the pigs in the saline solution treated group. There was no increase in cardiac output after the administration of naloxone or after the injections of saline solution. Peripheral vascular resistance increased in pigs in the naloxone group compared with that in pigs in the saline solution group. These results are in accordance with the concept that naloxone may reverse hypotension in hemorrhagic shock by antagonizing endogenous opiate-like substances and that the latter may be involved in the physiopathology of shock. The rapid increase in peripheral vascular resistance after the administration of naloxone suggests a change in sympathetic reflex as a possible mechanism of naloxone action. PMID- 7244953 TI - Treatment of recurrence of adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum at the anastomotic site. AB - Resection of recurrent adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum at the anastomotic site was performed in 30 patients. In the majority of the patients, the recurrence was apparent within two years of the initial operation. In 27 patients, the recurrence was diagnosed based upon persistent signs and symptoms or if the tumor was clinically palpable. In 15 patients, complete resection of the recurrent tumor was feasible, and the median survival time was 59 months, with a five year survival rate of 49 per cent. In ten other patients, minimal tumor was left behind. The median survival time was 17 months and 12 per cent survived five years. PMID- 7244954 TI - Nonruptured aortic aneurysms. AB - A retrospective study was undertaken of 221 nonruptured aortic aneurysms treated by operation during a 15 year period. The mortality was 6.3 per cent. Adverse prognostic factors were advanced age, large aneurysms and the presence of associated diseases. One hundred and eighty-eight of the patients were older than 60 years of age and 205 of the aneurysms were 7 centimeters or more in diameter, and associated disease, especially cardiorespiratory, was common. During the same period in which 105 patients with ruptured aortic aneurysms were surgically treated, the mortality was 58 per cent. All patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms had the aneurysms excised, unless there were severe contraindicating factors, such as a limited life expectancy. PMID- 7244955 TI - Limited success of lumbar sympathectomy in the prevention of ischemic limb loss in diabetic patients. AB - The results of 93 consecutive lumbar sympathectomies performed over a five year period upon 54 patients with diabetes and 39 without diabetes were compared in terms of subsequent amputation using life table analysis methods. Cumulative success rates for avoiding amputation were significantly lower in those with diabetes as compared with rates for those without diabetes at five years and at most shorter six month intervals. Although there are a number of possible explanations for this difference, an important contributing factor may be the prior spontaneous denervation of diabetic blood vessels. The results demonstrate that better predictive indexes for lumbar sympathectomy are needed. PMID- 7244956 TI - The importance of the anterior thoracic nerves in modified radical mastectomy. AB - The medial anterior thoracic nerve supplies the pectoralis minor muscle and costal portion of the pectoralis major muscle. The lateral anterior thoracic nerve supplies the clavicular head and separately, three muscle groups of the sternal head. Any combination of these different muscle groups will become atrophic if the branches of the anterior thoracic nerves are injured. Muscle atrophy of the various groups of muscle bundles may not be apparent for as long as one year after the operation. These observations may be of some importance in the plastic reconstruction after modified radical mastectomy. PMID- 7244957 TI - Choledochoduodenostomy as an adjunct to choledocholithotomy. AB - An experience with 200 instances of choledochoduodenostomy validates the point of view that when the calculus-containing common bile duct measures 1.2 centimeters in internal diameter, choledochoduodenostomy is an excellent therapeutic and prophylactic procedure for the management of the existing and predicted complications of choledochlithiasis. It can be applied with a mortality that is not greater than that ordinarily associated with insertion of a T tube. Choledochoduodenostomy has the advantage of bypassing the obstructive factors distal to the anastomosis, especially with regard to recurrent or residual common bile duct stones, tubular stenosis of the transpancreatic portion of the common duct, stasis and sludge bile, primary soft stones and the stenosis and diverticula in the area of the vaterian segment. PMID- 7244958 TI - The timing of surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. AB - In an attempt to provide practical guidelines for the management of pancreatic pseudocysts, the results in 114 patients were analyzed from the perspective of the timing of operative intervention. Over-all, the patients undergoing surgical therapy during the first six weeks after pseudocyst formation had higher rates postoperatively of morbidity, mortality and recurrence than did those treated later in the course of the disease. However, further subdivision of the data revealed that the results in patients with uncomplicated pseudocysts were similar, irrespective of the timing of operative treatment. Operative intervention in patients with a pseudocyst who were acutely ill was risky at any time in the course of the disease. Based upon our results and upon information available in the literature, the optimal timing of the operation in patients with uncomplicated pseudocysts appears to be about four weeks after formation of the mass. The utility of ultrasound evaluation in making a surgical decision is also discussed. PMID- 7244959 TI - Relationship between preoperative pulmonary function tests and complications after thoracotomy. AB - Simple spirometric testing remains useful for the preoperative assessment of patients being evaluated for thoracotomy. To routine spirometric testing, the maximal voluntary ventilation should be added. More specific tests do not seem to add predictive information. In addition, individual tests do not seem to correlate with specific complications. The amount of lung resected does not correlate with the occurrence of complications. Patients undergoing lobectomy as opposed to pneumonectomy often experience a stormy postoperative course and are prone to have atelectasis develop and to have an infection in the lung remaining on the operated upon side. Recent data would indicate that this remaining lung tissue is severely compromised during the immediate postoperative period. Those patients who undergo lobectomy may transiently lose considerably more function than would certainly be anticipated from the amount of tissue resected. PMID- 7244961 TI - The limitations of polytetrafluoroethylene in the reconstruction of femoropopliteal and tibial arteries. AB - During a three year period, 100 patients underwent femoropopliteal or tibial polytetrafluoroethylene bypass grafts. The indication for operation was limb salvage in 75 patients. Limb salvage was achieved in 63 of 75 patients. The patency rate at 30 months for those with above-knee grafts was superior to that for those with below-knee bypasses. Grafts done in good runoff situations resulted in better patency rates than bypasses in poor outflow situations. Our results suggest that reinforced expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts appear to be acceptable substitutes for limb salvage when a vein is not available. However, autogenous vein bypass grafting remains our preferred method of femoropopliteal and tibial reconstruction, especially when the distal anastomosis must be constructed below the knee. Whether or not polytetrafluoroethylene is better than other current graft materials is still not known. PMID- 7244960 TI - Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced squamous carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth. AB - Our present experience with Stage III disease suggests that the most effective means of treating advanced carcinoma of the floor of the mouth and tongue are with initial chemotherapy given as basal treatment by intra-arterial infusion followed by planned radiotherapy or operation, or both. Early carcinoma of the floor of the mouth and tongue can be managed effectively with conventional techniques using surgical treatment or radiotherapy, or both, and probably does not justify the increased time and increased problems of management involved in the use of chemotherapy regimens. Our experience in comparing the two programs of treatment in patients classified as having Stage IV lesions is too small to justify valid comparisons to be made at this stage, although we currently have under investigation similar management programs for these patients. PMID- 7244962 TI - An increasing role for surgeons in cardiac resuscitation. PMID- 7244964 TI - A device for the control of colostomy prolapse. AB - A simple device to control colostomy prolapse can be made of easily available materials. Use of the device is not intended as a substitute for operation except when an operation is contraindicated. The device should be used as a temporary measure until an operation can be performed. PMID- 7244965 TI - Sump drainage versus static drainage after cholecystectomy. AB - Sump drainage was compared with closed static drainage in a randomized trial using a restricted sequential plan. Sump drains were converted into static drains by closing the air-vent tubes and by omitting suction. Sump drains so converted evacuated more intraperitoneal fluid during the first 24 hours after cholecystectomy than did drains in which the sump was functioning. For drainage after cholecystectomy, the sump drain is inferior to the passive drain in a closed circuit. PMID- 7244963 TI - A device for the location and protection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during operations upon the neck. AB - A new locating system by stimulus-movement-registration of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during neck operations was applied safely and successfully in six instances. In our opinion, the principle of stimulus-movement-registration deserves wide application in neck operations, as it is simple, reliable and safe and may obviate accidental damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. PMID- 7244966 TI - A drainage tube for mediastinal abscesses. AB - The problem of mediastinal abscesses following esophageal rupture or perforation continues to be a source of considerable morbidity and mortality. Drainage of the paraesophageal area by semirigid chest catheters can occasionally cause aortic erosion. A technique of using soft rubber drains within the standard chest tube combines the benefits of early suction with long term drainage of the abscess cavity. PMID- 7244967 TI - The future for surgery and the surgical specialties through research and development. AB - Progress in the field of surgery and its specialties depends on persistent effort in research and development, especially as the work force increases and the disciplines are encroached upon and restricted. The present efforts in research and development are hampered principally because few bright young students and residents select careers in research. The financial return and job security are lower than in the private sector, and few students are exposed to the stimulation and rewards of the laboratory. To have investigators who will actively advance the field, the surgeon must make the research career more attractive and assume the responsibility of recruitment and direction. Working as a role model, side by side with student or resident, the surgeons may hope to transfer their interests to them so that they keep the fields of surgery growing. PMID- 7244968 TI - The role of computerized tomographic scanning in the surgical management of pyogenic hepatic abscess. PMID- 7244969 TI - Atypical clostridial bacteremia. AB - Forty-seven patients identified with clostridial bacteremia not characterized by histotoxicity were studied to define better the clinical presentation and results of treatment. Patients were categorized into three groups--one, elderly debilitated patients with multiple associated illnesses and no identifiable focus of infection; two, patients with alcoholism and systemic complications of alcohol abuse and no primary focus of infection, and three, patients with a mechanically treatable primary focus of infection. The over-all mortality was an unacceptable 57 per cent. Antibiotic therapy apparently did not affect the survival rate. Portal bacteremia and ineffective hepatic reticuloendothelial function may be significant factors in those patients without a primary focus of infection. PMID- 7244970 TI - Diaphragmatic injuries. AB - From 1973 through 1978, 48 patients with diaphragmatic injuries from blunt or penetrating trauma to the chest and the upper part of the abdomen were seen at this medical center. Penetrating injuries were the cause of diaphragmatic perforation in 40 patients, while blunt injury was responsible in the remaining eight patients. The mean age of the patients was 30 years. Associated major trauma to other organ systems which accompanied the diaphragmatic lacerations accounted for three deaths. The extent of the diaphragmatic disruptions varied from 1 to 12 centimeters. There was not correlation between the size and location of the laceration and morbidity or mortality. The sequelae of strangulation of gastrointestinal viscera, mediastinal shift and delayed hernia were found in four patients. Eight patients had herniation of intra-abdominal contents, two as a result of penetrating trauma and six as a result of blunt trauma. Strangulation and necrosis of the intestine occurred in three patients, two of whom had delayed treatment. Deliberate effort must be made to identify diaphragmatic perforation at the time of the initial evaluation of injured patients with trauma to the thorax and abdomen. Prompt recognition and repair are required for survival. PMID- 7244971 TI - Peritoneal lavage with povidone-iodine solution in experimentally induced peritonitis. AB - Two experimental studies were carried out upon dogs to clarify the efficacy of peritoneal povidone-iodine lavage in peritonitis. With an experimental model of peritonitis which closely resembles the clinical situation, we found that peritoneal lavage with povidone-iodine was not more effective than other lavage regimens in decreasing bacterial colony counts and was associated with an early 100 per cent mortality. Renal function was not affected by the treatment with this antiseptic solution. However, we found a statistically significant superimposed metabolic acidosis in the peritonitis group treated with povidone iodine when compared with the other groups, by means of a significant decrease in base excess, p less than 0.01, at the two hour postlavage measures. This metabolic acidosis was also observed in normal dogs undergoing peritoneal lavage with povidone-iodine, showing a significant decrease in serum bicarbonate level one hour, p less than 0.05, and three hours, p less than 0.01, three hours postlavage, when compared with a sham laparotomy group in the nonperitonitis study. This has not previously been experimentally investigated. In view of these results, we do not recommend the clinical use of povidone-iodine solution for peritoneal lavage in peritonitis. PMID- 7244972 TI - Effect of surgical lumbar sympathectomy on innervation of arterioles in the lower limb of patients with diabetes. AB - The innervation of lower limb epineurial arterioles, specimens of which were obtained from six patients in the sympathectomy and from six patients in the nonsympathectomy diabetic groups at amputation for ischemic peripheral vascular disease, was compared by quantitative ultrastructural methods. Results demonstrated no statistically significant difference in the number of vasomotor axons present, the average axon to smooth muscle cell distance or the axon distribution pattern in the adventitia between the two diabetic groups of patients. A previous investigation has established that innervation of these arterioles is significantly reduced in patients with diabetes having end-stage ischemia of the lower limb when compared with similar patients without diabetes. The present results demonstrate that surgical lumbar sympathectomy does not significantly further reduce the already severely diminished number of vasomotor nerves in some diabetic arterioles. This observation offers a possible explanation for the poorer success rate of those with diabetes compared with those without diabetes in avoiding amputation of the limb after lumbar sympathectomy. PMID- 7244973 TI - Ovarian involvement in adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. AB - Thirty-six of 998 female patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum had ovarian involvement at the time of the initial operation. Resection of tumor of the colon and rectum was performed upon 882 patients. The ovarian tumors were removed in 30 of the 36 patients with ovarian involvement. Ovarian involvement was associated with a significantly worsened, p = 0.009, cancer specific five year survival rate; five year survival prospects for patients with, and without, ovarian involvement were 38 and 60 per cent, respectively. Ovarian involvement also significantly, p = 0.014, worsened the survival rate of the 25 patients treated by curative resection of the tumor of the colon and rectum and associated ovarian spread. The five year cancer specific survival rate for female patients without ovarian involvement was 72 per cent, whereas ovarian involvement reduced the survival rate to 50 per cent. PMID- 7244974 TI - Symptomatic ectopic pancreas relieved by surgical excision. AB - It is clear that hetereotopic pancreatic tissue not associated with pancreatitis, mucosal ulceration or bleeding can produce symptoms, and as such requires removal. Many benign intramural tumors are asymptomatic and are discovered only at autopsy. The majority of the tumors discovered clinically ae symptomatic; therefore, operative removal of the lesion for relief of symptoms rather than for diagnosis or prophylaxis is generally acceptable to the patient, physician and surgeon. It would seem that, in these patients, radical therapy is the nonoperative choice, while operation leads to rapid recovery and a symptom-free postconvalescent life style. PMID- 7244975 TI - Fibromatosis of the breast. AB - We have reviewed the Columbia-Presbyterian Hospital experience with fibromatosis of the breast, a most uncommon lesion that frequently mimics carcinoma. Very few examples of this rare lesion have been reported previously, and the lack of follow-up data has made it difficult to evaluate treatment. Five patients were cared for at the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center and an additional 12 patients were reviewed after slides were sent for consultation. Complete clinical information and follow-up data were obtained in a total of 13 patients, three of whom had recurrences. There were no histologic features that served to distinguish those patients who had a recurrence from those who did not. While there were no recurrences when adequate excision was carried out, it is worth noting that we found one instance of spontaneous regression as well as two patients who did well despite the fact that tumor was found at the margin of the specimen. The results of this review suggest that the major problem facing the surgeon, once the diagnosis has been made, relates to the difficulty in defining the extent of the tumor in the breast. Careful orientation of the specimen and repeated use of frozen sections should make it possible to perform a complete excision and, at the same time, remove a minimum amount of breast tissue. Since fibromatosis is a benign process, the cosmetic impact of surgical therapy certainly deserves careful consideration. PMID- 7244976 TI - Ultrastructural study of parietal cells before and after parietal cell vagotomy in patients with duodenal ulcer. AB - The records of 16 patients of a total of 402 who underwent parietal cell vagotomy without a drainage procedure for duodenal ulcer were reviewed. Biopsies of gastric mucosa were taken before the operation and six months, two years and three years postoperatively. Ultrastructural studies using electron microscopy detail the modifications of the parietal cells which are the main target of the vagal denervation procedure. The parietal cells are greatly modified within six months after parietal cell vagotomy with a significant reduction of the secretory surface of the cells and a sharp increase of tubulovesicular formations regain their preoperative morphologic appearance after two to three years but not their secretory capacity. PMID- 7244977 TI - Sigmoidocystoplasty in adults with enuresis. AB - Sigmoidocystoplasty was performed upon 13 adult patients with enuresis to increase the small bladder capacity. Eleven patients were in the follow-up study. The mean observation time was 29.5 months with a range from 13 to 66 months. Ninety per cent of the patients were satisfied with the result. PMID- 7244979 TI - An anatomic basis to prevent ischemia of the colon during operations upon the aorta. AB - According to standard practice, the inferior mesenteric artery, when sacrificed, should always be ligated at its origin, proximal to the left colic branch. However, it should not be sacrificed and ligated but instead, be reimplanted if any doubt exists regarding the adequacy of the collateral circulation. The patient is in a high risk category for development of ischemia of the colon if there is an occlusion or absence of the marginal artery at the splenic flexure; absence of the middle colic artery; occlusion of one or both hypogastric arteries, or enlargement of the left colic artery, suggesting occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. PMID- 7244978 TI - Deeply invasive cutaneous malignant melanoma. PMID- 7244980 TI - The detection of nongenital pelvic tumors mimicking gynecologic disease. AB - Nongenital pelvic tumors frequently remain undiagnosed until operation. Of 470 patients operated upon for suspected tubal or ovarian pathologic conditions, 25 were found to have inflammatory or neoplastic gastrointestinal lesions; one patient had a paraganglioma of the urinary bladder and one, a malignant retroperitoneal tumor. A variety of other extragenital pelvic tumors have been reported in the literature. Select utilization of the newer diagnostic modalities, combined with traditional methods, promise more accurate preoperative assessment of the suspicious pelvic mass. PMID- 7244981 TI - The malpositioned subclavian catheter. AB - The results of a review of 524 consecutive infraclavicular subclavian vein catheterizations revealed inadvertent cannulization of the internal jugular vein to be a relatively common problem. No increased predilection for malpositioning was associated with either a right-sided or left-sided approach. The safety and efficacy of this repositioning technique using a guide wire, anatomic maneuvers and with and without the adjuvant use of fluoroscopy were investigated. The malpositioned subclavian vein catheter need not be removed and the patient need not undergo another percutaneous catheterization. The technique affords safe and simple repositioning of the catheter tip into the superior vena cava. PMID- 7244982 TI - A method of assuring stabilization of the central venous line in newborn infants. AB - We have kept 19 catheters in place a total of 180 days without accidental removal. The technique is dependable, and it requires no unusual equipment. It is adaptable to a variety of catheters and can be utilized at different insertion sites. PMID- 7244983 TI - The use of the biliary Fogarty catheter as an aid in sphincteroplasty. PMID- 7244984 TI - Regional differences in the kinetics of the canine parietal cell mass in response to pentagastrin. PMID- 7244985 TI - Total parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autotransplantation in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Sixteen patients with chronic renal failure underwent total parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autotransplantation into the muscle of the forearm. Pertinent preoperative medical history of these patients included renal osteodystrophy, metastatic vascular calcifications, intractable itching and uncontrollable hyperphosphatemia. Efforts to control preoperative serum calcium and elevated serum parathormone levels were unsuccessful. The mass of parathyroid tissue implanted, in most instances, was approximately half that used in other series. Postoperatively, all patients received vitamin D and calcium orally, which were gradually decreased. Fourteen of the 16 patients had relief of symptoms, and all had restoration of parathormone levels to normal or slightly above normal, although in two patients, partial excision of hyperfunctioning tissue from the forearm was subsequently required because of recurring symptoms of secondary hyperparathyroidism. All patients had evidence of functioning grafts six to 40 months postoperatively or until death, attributable to intercurrent causes. The success of total parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autotransplantation in patients with chronic renal failure and symptomatic secondary hyperparathyroidism makes this a viable approach to the disease in such patients. PMID- 7244987 TI - External carotid endarterectomy. AB - External carotid endarterectomy may be useful in the management of selected patients who have internal carotid occlusion, persistent neurologic symptoms and additional atheromatous ulceration or stenosis within the carotid bifurcation. The procedure should be associated with a low risk for intraoperative stroke and a reasonable likelihood for symptomatic improvement. If symptoms are not completely corrected by external carotid endarterectomy, superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery bypass may be performed with greater confidence in a successful hemodynamic result. PMID- 7244989 TI - Gastroplasty for obesity. PMID- 7244988 TI - A biomechanical study of healing rat skin incisions after delayed primary closure. AB - The biomechanical strength of delayed primary closure wounds was assessed by in vitro determination of their relative failure energy. This is the most accurate measure of the wound's ability to resist rupturing forces. Primary closure wounds were used as controls, and measurements were always made at equal intervals after wounding--ten, 20 and 60 days. There was no differences in energy values for three, four and five day delayed wounds tested ten days postoperatively. For six day delayed wounds, however, the energy values were lower than for control wounds after ten days. Twenty days postoperatively, this difference had disappeared. The three day delayed primary closure wounds had now developed significantly higher energy values than the control wounds. When tested 60 days postoperatively, the energy values for both three and six day delayed primary closure wounds were almost double those of the control wounds. It was concluded that, in short term healing--ten days, delayed primary closure with moderate delay intervals of three to five days had no biomechanically adverse effects. In long term healing--60 days, delayed primary closure wounds showed a pronounced increase of wound strength compared with primary closure wounds. Extrapolated to the clinical situation, there would, thus, be no reason from a biomechanical point of view to hesitate to use the delayed primary closure procedure whenever primary closure is not clearly indicated. PMID- 7244986 TI - Changing concepts in the management of splenic trauma. AB - Overwhelming sepsis may occur, even years later, in asplenic children or adults who are otherwise healthy. The injured spleen can be successfully repaired in almost all patients. Repair should not be attempted if the survival of the patient would be jeopardized by continuing or delayed hemorrhage. If splenectomy is unavoidable, the patient must be informed of his vulnerable state and be protected as much as possible by vaccines and by early aggressive treatment of all infections. PMID- 7244990 TI - Significance of sialic acid and carcinoembryonic antigen as monitors of tumor burden among patients with carcinoma of the ovary. PMID- 7244991 TI - Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - Computerized tomography allows good definition of the retroperitoneal space, especially the abdominal aorta. During a 15 month interval, 30 patients with pulsatile, abdominal masses were evaluated by computerized tomography to determine the presence of an aortic aneurysm, 4 centimeters or greater in size. Twenty-one of the 30 patients were found to have an aneurysm. In patients with a normal aorta, information concerning another disease process was often obtained. Results of computerized tomography were then compared with the other diagnostic techniques available and, in certain instances, with the size of the aneurysm at operation. Computerized tomography is the most accurate means of evaluating abdominal aortic aneurysms. The ability to detect a retroperitoneal space hemorrhage and to assess the pathologic condition of other abdominal viscera are two additional advantages. PMID- 7244992 TI - Vertical deceleration injuries. AB - Six patients simultaneously sustained vertical deceleration injuries. Vertical deceleration injuries are serious and characteristically involve major weight bearing structures with forces transmitted through the foot, leg, pelvis and vertebral column. Injuries of the lower extremity are likely to be unilateral and comminuted because the force of deceleration is applied to a small area. The severity of the injury increases by increasing the rate of deceleration and decreasing the distance through which the body is decelerated. More severe injury occurs when deceleration forces are applied to the body in the vertical axis compared with the transverse, provided that mass, velocity and stopping distance remain the same. PMID- 7244993 TI - A combined fluoroscopic and endoscopic approach for retrieval of retained stones through the T-tube tract. AB - Use of the flexible fiberoptic choledochoscope has been suggested as an alternate to the steerable catheter method for extracting retained biliary calculi through the T-tube tract. We found disadvantages to the use of this scope and describe the use of the smaller, more flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope which has facilitated the procedure. The ability to view the calculus through the endoscope while manipulating the stone basket obviates the necessity for fluoroscopic monitoring during this phase and, therefore, results in a significant reduction of radiation exposure to all concerned. In addition, an over-all reduction in procedure time has been achieved by this method. PMID- 7244995 TI - A surgeon views the patients options of the treatment of carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 7244996 TI - Routine operative cholangiography with cholecystectomy. PMID- 7244994 TI - Management of arterial injuries in blunt trauma of the extremity. PMID- 7244997 TI - Creation of a glandular urethral meatus in the repair of hypospadias. PMID- 7244998 TI - A technique for selective tracheostomy following elective operations upon the head and neck. PMID- 7244999 TI - Embolectomy of the distal part of the popliteal artery. PMID- 7245001 TI - Estrogen receptors in acoustic neurilemmomas. AB - Acoustic neurilemmomas are more frequent, larger, and more vascular in women, and such lesions have a rapidly progressive clinical course in pregnant women; these findings suggest that the growth of these neoplasms may bear a relationship to certain hormone levels. Tissues from 8 patients with acoustic neurilemmoma (3 men and 5 women) were studied by a new fluorescent steroid histochemical technique to detect the presence of estrogen receptors in or on neoplastic cells. Estrogen receptor protein has also been found in meningioma cells in women. Neurilemmoma of the acoustic nerve is the second neoplasm of the central nervous system in which such receptors have been demonstrated. PMID- 7245003 TI - Suction tubes for conventional and microscopic neurosurgery. AB - A set of suction tubes has been designed for both conventional neurosurgery done with the naked eye and microneurosurgery. All of the suction tubes have blunt, rounded tips that allow them to be used for manipulating tissue as well as for suction, and they are designed so that the surgeon's hand can rest comfortably on the wound margin while holding the tube in a pencil-type grip. The set includes the range of diameters needed for microsurgery and macrosurgery and the different lengths needed for superficial and deep intracranial and transsphenoidal operations. PMID- 7245002 TI - Intracranial angiolipoma. PMID- 7245000 TI - The management of postherpetic neuralgia with chlorprothixene. AB - Sixteen patients with established postherpetic pain were treated with chlorprothixene. Several other pain problems were simultaneously treated. Chlorprothixene was found to produce a favorable pain response in most patients with postherpetic pain while failing to be of value in other clinical pain problems. Chlorprothixene may be a satisfactory drug for the control of spinal or ophthalmic postherpetic pain. PMID- 7245005 TI - Traumatic intrathoracic meningocele (traumatic subarachnoid-pleural fistula). PMID- 7245004 TI - Direct surgical obliteration of frontopolar artery aneurysm. PMID- 7245006 TI - Severe otorrhagia resulting from a ruptured aneurysm of the extracranial internal carotid artery. PMID- 7245007 TI - Subependymoma of the lateral ventricle. AB - The case of a girl with a large cystic subependymoma of the lateral ventricle is reported. The tumor, which did not cause hydrocephalus, was attached to the wall of the frontal horn and grew out of the ventricular system extending into the anterior cranial fossa and the orbital cavity. Despite some typical features exhibited by the lesion, its true nature was not recognized during the operation. The importance of the identification of this rare benign tumor is emphasized because a radical removal may be accomplished in most cases with a very good prognosis. PMID- 7245008 TI - Upright patient positioning in the management of intracranial hypertension. AB - Utilizing either a subarachnoid screw or an intraventricular cannula, intracranial pressure was continuously monitored in 24 patients with established or potential neurological impairment of various etiologies. Marked diminution in intracranial pressure was observed in the sitting or semisitting position in the 13 patients with documented intracranial hypertension as well as in the 11 in whom intracranial pressure was not elevated. This sustained effect was noted even when superimposed on intensive medical management of intracranial hypertension. PMID- 7245009 TI - A more systemic management of subdural hematoma with the aid of CT scan. AB - Computerized tomography (CT) allows an easy evaluation of the current methods of treatment of chronic subdural hematoma. In a prospective study of 20 consecutive patients, burr-hole evacuation or conservative management monitored by CT proved effective invariably. All patients had returned to normal when discharged from hospital. PMID- 7245010 TI - The clinical application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in spinal cord injury: a preliminary report. AB - While reports of the beneficial effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in experimental use appear in the literature, there have been no reports of clinical trials with hyperbaric oxygen therapy of acute spinal cord injury. A series of treatment protocols have thus been designed for treatment of acute spinal cord injury utilizing hyperbaric oxygen. The study has been in progress for the last two years and involved more than 50 patients; results from the therapy trial in 25 patients over the last 18 months will be presented in this preliminary report. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was generally initiated approximately 7 1/2 hours following injury. Pretreatment and posttreatment motor scores were compared with those of patients given conventional therapy for acute spinal cord injury. Under these circumstances, patients receiving hyperbaric oxygen therapy appeared to recover more quickly, although their final motor scores were about the same as those of patients receiving conventional therapy. Thus, alter the time course of recovery, perhaps without altering the final neurological outcome. PMID- 7245011 TI - Update-subarachnoid hemorrhage and saccular intracranial aneurysms. PMID- 7245012 TI - Cranial computed tomography in the diagnosis of symptomatic indirect trauma to the carotid artery. AB - Five patients who were involved in motor vehicle accidents sustained indirect, nonpenetrating carotid artery injuries leading to cerebral infarction. Four patients were conscious when a severe lateralized neurological deficit developed three to 12 hours after injury indicating the presence of a vascular injury and not a mass lesion. In 3 patients with occlusion of the main stem middle cerebral artery, computed tomographic (CT) scans performed between 1 and 7 hours after the onset of the ischemic signs were normal, but all scans performed after 11 or more hours revealed progressive edema in a vascular distribution leading to a midline shift. The fifth patient had a severe diffuse brain injury and no apparent clinical pattern of a posttraumatic vascular complication. Sequential changes on the CT scans similar to those of the other patients led to the proper diagnosis of vascular injury; this was later confirmed by arteriography. Indirect, nonpenetrating injury to the carotid artery should be suspected in the presence of the typical clinical pattern or when serial CT scans show the evolution of progressive edema in a distribution atypical for traumatic contusion. PMID- 7245014 TI - Benign intrasellar cysts. AB - Four cases of benign intrasellar cysts are reported. Three of these were treated surgically. Their origin and typical clinical features are discussed, in particular the altered pituitary function and visual disturbances. Computerized tomography has many advantages over traditional neuroradiological tools in reaching a diagnosis. The indication for active treatment and the surgical techniques and the methods used in the prevention of complications are outlined. PMID- 7245013 TI - Surgical treatment of neonatal intracranial teratoma. PMID- 7245015 TI - Diagnosis of hydrocephalus by CSF pulse-wave analysis: a clinical study. AB - Pulsatility of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is augmented in hydrocephalus. Analysis of pulsatility, including the CSF waveform, may be a more valid criterion for the diagnosis of hydrocephalus than mean CSF pressure. To test this possibility, CSF pressures were measured in 118 patients with presumed hydrocephalus. The pressure measurements included baseline mean pressure and pulse pressure, responses to jugular compression, and CSF wave analysis (amplitude and peak latency). Four groups of pressure recordings were identified and matched with four clinical groups: normal, arrested hydrocephalus, communicating hydrocephalus, and aqueduct stenosis hydrocephalus. The CSF pulse pressure and systolic slope form were highly reliable in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus, whereas mean CSF pressure was not reliable. PMID- 7245017 TI - Hemangiopericytoma of the spinal canal. PMID- 7245016 TI - Suprasellar germinoma: an unusual clinical presentation. AB - A case is described of suprasellar tumor with diabetes insipidus, diminishing visual acuity, inferior bitemporal quadrantanopia, and hypopituitarism in a 19 year-old man. Computerized tomographic scan of the brain after contrast injection demonstrated periventricular enhancement. Diagnosis of germinoma was made on the basis of clinical and radiographic information and a biopsy that revealed malignant cells. The tumor responded well to radiation therapy. Diagnostic difficulties were created by systemic manifestations unrelated to endocrinopathy. Pertinent literature is reviewed. PMID- 7245019 TI - Phlebography of the cavernous and intercavernous sinuses. AB - The study of pituitary diseases is described, with visualization of the cavernous and intercavernous sinuses accomplished through percutaneous, transfemoral catheterization, using special methods to ensure its reliability. The most characteristic normal and pathological findings are described. The value of this method and the indications for its use in diagnosis are discussed. The possibility of combining morphological investigations with regional functional studies of pituitary hormones by selective blood sampling is suggested. This technical development opens new prospects for the future and further broadens the indications for use of this procedure. PMID- 7245020 TI - A new surgical treatment of moyamoya disease in children: a preliminary report. AB - A new operative method, encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis, for the surgical treatment of pediatric moyamoya disease has been developed. The rationale of the operation is to help promote the natural tendency of this disease to develop cerebrovascular collaterals. The method is to transplant a scalp artery with a strip of galea, leaving the distal as well as the proximal arteries intact, to a narrow linear dural opening made under an osteoplastic craniotomy. A representative case is described and the operative procedure is outlined. Our new method is compared with other surgical treatments of this disease. PMID- 7245018 TI - Subdural tension pneumocephalus after posterior fossa operation: is the inverted bottle phenomenon the only causative factor? PMID- 7245021 TI - Visual improvement after surgical manipulation of dolichoectatic anterior cerebral arteries. PMID- 7245023 TI - Malignant hyperthermia. Considerations for the ophthalmologist. AB - Malignant hyperthermia, a relatively recently described entity, is a little understood disease process usually manifesting as operative or postoperative hyperpyrexia in association with a hypermetabolic state. Specific therapy with procaine (Novocaine) and more recently with a muscle relaxant, dantrolene sodium (Dantrium), has shown itself to be life-saving, and currently diagnosis can be made by muscle biopsy in patients from affected pedigrees. Malignant hyperthermia is a risk in all general anesthetic procedures, particularly squint and ptosis repair, and may even be a consideration with local anesthesia. PMID- 7245022 TI - The melanoma controversy. A comparison of choroidal, cutaneous, and iris melanomas. AB - Controversy exists regarding the management of patients with choroidal melanomas. Some experts argue that these neoplasms behave differently than other types of melanomas, and that enucleation rather than tumor burden is responsible for metastases. A review of the literature involving death rates of patients diagnosed with melanomas of the choroid, skin and iris demonstrates the importance of tumor volume as a prognostic indicator. In each instance, the smaller the tumor burden, the better the prognosis. Death rates from metastases involving small choroidal tumors (less than 300 mm) were surprisingly similar to to those from cutaneous melanomas of the same size. Large tumors of the choroid carried a much higher death rate, as did large tumors of the skin. While studies involving iris melanomas reported only a 2.6% death rate, the average volume of an iris melanoma is only 55 mm. We believe that biologically all melanomas have the same potential for metastatic growth and that the size of the tumor may be the most important variable with regard to prognosis. PMID- 7245025 TI - Purchasing a medical office minicomputer system. Guidelines and considerations. AB - Medical office computer systems can increase practice efficiency, but adequate minicomputer systems are still expensive, and some technical knowledge is needed if potential pitfalls in system acquisition and operation are to be avoided. A general introduction both to the capabilities and costs of currently available medical office computer systems is presented, and considerations which should be examined before acquiring an office computer are discussed. PMID- 7245026 TI - Regional lymph node dissection for malignant melanoma of the extremities. AB - Seven hundred thirty-nine patients with malignant melanoma of the extremities were treated with a uniform surgical approach that included wide and deep excision of the primary site and regional node dissection therapeutically and electively for invasive lesions (Clark's levels III, IV, and V). Of the 490 patients who underwent lymph node dissections, follow-up was available for 457 (93%). Life-table comparison of 362 patients with histologically negative nodes to 95 with histologically proved lymph node metastases yielded statistically significant differences in survival (P less than 0.001). Five-year cumulative survival rates were 91% in the group without and 48% in the group with nodal metastases. Among histologically positive patients, differences in life-table survival curves for the 60 clinically negative patients compared to the 35 clinically positive patients were also statistically significant (P = 0.004); 5 year cumulative survival rates were 57% for the former group and 33% for the latter. Although there appears to be an advantage to regional lymph node dissection for micrometastases as opposed to gross nodal involvement, for the majority of patients metastatic melanoma in these nodes is the major indicator of systemic disease. PMID- 7245024 TI - Glaucomatous cupping -- sine glaucoma. AB - A 72-year-old man presented with transient episodes of gradually descending vision loss in either eye. Both discs showed marked cupping, but applanation tensions were normal. Carotid occlusions were present. The etiology of the transient visual disturbances, the relationship of carotid disease to low tension glaucoma, and the management of such patients are discussed. PMID- 7245027 TI - Aorta-left renal vein fistula: hemodynamic monitoring and timing of operation. AB - The spontaneous rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm into an adjacent major venous structure is an unusual occurrence. A case of an aorta-left renal vein fistula is presented, and seven previously reported cases are reviewed. Hemodynamic monitoring as an integral part of patient care is discussed, with emphasis on the optimal timing of operative intervention. PMID- 7245030 TI - Concordance of surgical clerkship performance and National Board of Medical Examiners Part II subtest scores. A validation model. AB - This study compares the National Board of Medical Examiners Part II (NBME II) subtest scores of medical students attaining honors in a clinical clerkship to those of students receiving a passing score to determine if the NBME II examinations could be considered independently as valid indicators of clinical achievement. Significant differences were found in five of the eight clinical clerkships; four of the six NBME II subtests were involved. A validation model was derived, and error estimates were obtained by using the NBME II surgery subtest scores and surgery clerkship performance as the criteria. Although the mean scores of students receiving honors in surgery were significantly higher than those not receiving honors (P less than 0.001), there was a considerable false negative error rate of 61%. These data suggest that on an individual basis, a good correlation does not exist between clinical performance in surgery and objective assessment of knowledge as determined by NBME scores. PMID- 7245028 TI - Risk factors in colostomy closure. AB - A retrospective study of 69 patients who underwent colostomy closure between 1973 and 1978 was conducted to evaluate three categories of risk: predisposing risk factors, preoperative interventions, and intraoperative techniques. The overall morbidity rate was 44% with no deaths. Factors associated with a greater complication rate included a divided colostomy (especially Hartmann's pouch), diverticulitis, elderly patients, and lack of preoperative oral antibiotics. Irrigation of the distal segment in divided colostomies and preoperative use of systemic antibiotics in association with oral agents, particularly neomycin erythromycin, may be effective in decreasing morbidity. Factors that did not influence morbidity included time between colostomy and closure, wound management intraoperatively, the use of systemic antibiotics alone, and the location of loop colostomies. With careful preparation of the patient to combat the documented risk factors, colostomy closure may be safely undertaken in most patients. PMID- 7245029 TI - Experimental pancreatolithiasis in the dog. AB - Little is known about the pathogenesis of pancreatolithiasis, and although several theories have been proposed, no experimental models of pancreatic calculi production are documented in the literature. This study examines such a model in which partial or complete pancreatic duct obstruction was surgically created in dogs. We found that (1) pancreatic calculi were demonstrated in 46.7% of the dogs (14 of 30) with partial outflow obstruction for 4 months or longer; (2) no pancreatic calculi were found in any of the dogs with complete pancreatic duct obstruction; (3) all calculi produced were localized in the ductal system; (4) the organic and inorganic composition of canine and human pancreatic calculi were quite similar; and (5) connective tissue proliferation and mucous cell metaplasia of the ductal epithelium, often seen in association with clinical pancreatolithiasis, are also detected in the pancreata of dogs that have had partial obstruction of pancreatic excretion. These findings suggest that an experimental model of pancreatolithiasis can be accomplished in dogs by the partial obstruction of pancreatic excretion. PMID- 7245031 TI - Spontaneous cervical hematoma: a rare manifestation of parathyroid adenoma. AB - Extracapsular hemorrhage from spontaneous rupture of a hyperplastic parathyroid gland is exceedingly rare. Rupture of an intrathoracic parathyroid adenoma mimicking a dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysm has been reported in two cases. Hypercalcemic crisis associated with contained hemorrhage within a parathyroid adenoma has been well documented. We present the first reported case of spontaneous rupture and extracapsular hemorrhage of a cervical parathyroid adenoma. Serum calcium levels should be obtained when spontaneous cervical or mediastinal hemorrhage develops without obvious cause. PMID- 7245032 TI - Presidential address: biomedical science and peripheral vascular surgery. PMID- 7245033 TI - Surgical management of the totally occluded internal carotid artery: a ten-year study. AB - Although surgical treatment of the stenotic and ulcerative internal carotid artery has been accepted as an effective approach to the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, uncertainty and controversy have prevailed over the past two decades regarding the optimal management of the totally occluded artery. Over a 10-year period, 47 thromboendarterectomies were performed for recent total occlusion of the internal carotid artery. The patients were categorized and selected for surgery according to their neurologic manifestations and clinical status. Postoperative patency was studied by angiography and noninvasive laboratory tests, including oculoplethysmography, carotid phonoangiography, Doppler ultrasound, and ultrasonography. The patency rate achieved appeared to be related to the duration of carotid occlusion (100% within 7 days and 50% at 1 month). The overall patency rate was 68%. There were no operative deaths or morbidity. Dramatic improvement occurred in three patients who underwent surgery immediately after the onset of a major neurologic deficit. The results of this study indicate that surgical treatment for internal carotid occlusion should be considered in selected circumstances. Careful case selection and judicious timing of operation are mandatory. PMID- 7245035 TI - Increased cerebral blood flow after external carotid artery revascularization. AB - Ten patients with symptoms of cerebral ischemia were found to have totally occluded internal carotid arteries with significant external carotid artery stenosis or occlusion. Eight patients underwent external carotid endarterectomy, and two patients underwent saphenous vein bypass to the external carotid artery from the subclavian artery. Cerebral blood flow was measured with 133Xe in six patients preoperatively and in five postoperatively. Four of the six patients had diminished mean flow on the affected side, and three had diminished flow in the contralateral side. All patients had abnormalities in regional cerebral blood flow. Postoperatively, all patients had significant improvement in mean blood flow on the side treated with operation (15% to 39%), and four had improvement of blood flow on the contralateral side (12% to 52%). All had improvement in regional cerebral blood flow. Nine of the 10 patients were relieved of their symptoms. One patient, despite improvement in cerebral blood flow, continued to have diminished cerebral flow and symptoms postoperatively. Subsequent extracranial-intracranial bypass relieved his symptoms and his cerebral blood flow returned to normal. Thus external carotid artery revascularization is effective in increasing total and regional cerebral blood flow and in relieving symptoms of internal carotid artery occlusion and external carotid stenosis. Cerebral blood flow measurement with 133Xe is useful in preoperative patient selection and objective assessment of operative results. PMID- 7245034 TI - Real-time B-mode carotid imaging in diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease. AB - We studied 1,044 patients by using real-time B-mode ultrasonic carotid imaging (BioSound), oculoplethysmography and carotid phonoangiography (OPG/CPA), and periorbital Doppler ultrasonography. One hundred and fifty of these patients underwent bilateral carotid arteriography; they form the basis of this study. The x-ray films were compared to the scans and other noninvasive studies. The quality of the B-mode scans were graded according to the severity of disease (the degree of diameter reduction of the arterial lumen by stenosis): grade I (0% to 39% stenosis), grade II (40% to 69% stenosis), and grade III (70% stenosis and greater). The overall results showed that the specificity of the scan was 86%, sensitivity for grade II disease was 75%, and sensitivity for grade III disease was 44%. Only 6 of 16 (38%) totally occluded vessels were identified correctly. The data reveal a direct correlation of scan quality with accuracy. Good-quality scans had 90% accuracy, whereas the accuracy of poor-quality scans was 48%. Four of 12 scan/arteriogram "mismatch" patients underwent carotid endarterectomy. In each instance the surgeon thought that the scan more accurately represented the disease process. When the scan was combined with OPG/CPA and the results agreed, there was a 91% accuracy rate. However, when the scan and OPG/CPA disagreed, the scan was more reliable in the grade I and II categories, whereas the OPG/CPA was much more reliable in grade III disease. The accuracy of this technique can be improved with the addition of a high-quality Doppler system. If technologic improvements can be made so that technically good scans can be obtained in all patients, then this may become the most reliable noninvasive cerebrovascular testing method. PMID- 7245036 TI - Antithrombin deficiency--a cause of unexplained thrombosis in vascular surgery. AB - Antithrombin deficiencies may be the reason for seemingly unexplained thrombosis and graft failure. We treated seven patients who developed clotting difficulties as a result of antithrombin II and/or III deficiencies. In four, arterial thrombosis occurred after arterial reconstruction--three with occluded femoral grafts and one with runoff and digital vessel thrombosis that developed during profundoplasty. Two patients has spontaneous thrombosis of the arterial system of the vessels of the lower leg, and one developed ileofemoral phlebitis. Three patients had abnormally low levels of both antithrombin II and III, whereas two had low levels of antithrombin II only and two had low levels of antithrombin III. Of the four patients in whom this disorder occurred during vascular reconstruction, three experienced graft occlusion that resulted in below-knee amputation in two. There were no common predisposing factors. Antithrombin deficiency should be suspected when there is an unusual propensity to develop thrombus, when heparin cannot prolong coagulation time, and when measurements show reduced levels of antithrombin. Fresh frozen plasma should be given initially and long-term Coumadin therapy started. Early recognition and treatment is necessary to avoid limb loss or death. PMID- 7245038 TI - Transaxillary sympathectomy (T2 to T4) for relief of vasospastic/sympathetic pain of upper extremities. AB - Experience with 22 consecutive thoracic sympathectomies is presented. Diagnoses included minor causalgia (12), mixed vasospastic and occlusive disease (4), Raynaud's disease (4), and frostbite with ulceration (2). The operation was a transaxillary resection of ganglia T2, T3, and T4. Both objective and subjective results indicate that this type of sympathectomy is as good as more extensive resections without the risk of a Horner's syndrome. Morbidity was minor but frequent and included dysesthesia, pneumothorax, and compensatory sweating. The success rate of 77%. PMID- 7245037 TI - Correlation of foot arterial anatomy with early tibial bypass patency. AB - The detailed arterial anatomy of the foot in severe limb ischemia is not well known. This study was undertaken to define foot arterial anatomy and correlate these findings with the early results (6 months) of femoral-distal bypass. After completion of the bypass, operative arteriography was performed by direct injection of contrast media into the graft. A lateral view of the distal limb and foot was obtained. Foot vessel anatomy was classified into primary and secondary pedal arches, analogous to the superficial and deep volar arches of the hand. For peroneal bypass, special attention was paid to perforating branches and their communications with these two pedal arches. A total of 56 distal bypass operations was analyzed. Femoral--anterior tibial bypass was performed in 26 cases. When either a primary or a secondary pedal arch was intact, early graft patency (6 months) was achieved in 20 of 21 patients. When neither pathway was present, graft failure occurred in four of five cases. Similarly, of 10 femoral- posterior tibial grafts, seven remained patent with at least one pedal arch intact, whereas six of seven grafts failed when neither arch was patent. Bypass to the peroneal artery was successful in eight of nine limbs when a patent primary or secondary arch was reconstituted via either the anterior or posterior perforating branches. None of four peroneal grafts remained patent when both arches were occluded. As a whole, in 40 limbs with either a patent primary or secondary pedal arch, early graft success was achieved in 35 limbs (87.5%). In contrast, in 16 limbs with no patent arch, only two (12.5%) were successfully reconstructed (P less than 0.001). Analysis of the results of femoral-distal bypass based on a single plantar arch as the sole determining anatomic factor in graft patency is not adequate. The secondary pedal arch and communicating branches of the peroneal artery are also of surgical significance. Operative arteriography can define runoff in the foot, and this information has prognostic significance. It may allow rational judgment regarding reintervention in patients with failed grafts. PMID- 7245039 TI - Parathyroid map. PMID- 7245040 TI - Paper-and-pencil examinations--what they can and cannot do. PMID- 7245041 TI - A technique for transrectal drainage of pelvic abscess. AB - Pelvic collections of pus may be drained transrectally in some cases. When this is done, satisfactory fixation of drains within the cavity is often difficult and frequently uncomfortable for the patient. Creation of a rectal counterincision permits a loop-shaped drain to be used. This provides good drainage, enhances patient comfort, and can be removed easily. PMID- 7245042 TI - Pancreatic heterotopia--a rare cause of bowel obstruction. AB - Pancreatic heterotopia is a developmental anomaly. When it produces complications, symptoms depend on the site of the lesion and may reflect the whole range of pathology affecting pancreatic tissue. In the ileum, pancreatic heterotopia is usually associated with a Meckel's diverticulum and may cause intestinal obstruction by intussusception. Isolated ileal pancreatic rests are rare and usually are discovered incidentally during surgery for other conditions. A case of a polypoid mass in the ileum containing aberrant pancreatic tissue that had been causing recurrent small bowel obstruction is described. Resection and primary anastomosis were curative. PMID- 7245043 TI - Colonic polyps and coloduodenal fistula: unusual complications in patient with cystic fibrosis. AB - Abdominal pain, vomiting, and obstipation often occur in children and young adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). The common causes include meconium ileus equivalent, intussusception, and adhesions from previous surgery. One of our patients with CF who had meconium peritonitis as a neonate presented with duodenal obstruction during childhood. This was caused by colonic polyps arising in the hepatic flexure and eroding through the colonic and duodenal walls into the duodenum. She was treated with total parenteral nutrition, right colectomy, gastric diversion, and a controlled duodenal fistula that healed uneventfully. She has remained well 1 year after discharge from the hospital. To our knowledge, a similar case has not been reported previously. PMID- 7245044 TI - Actinomycosis of the common bile duct presenting as chronic cholecystitis. AB - Actinomycosis of the common bile duct can masquerade as cholecystitis. This is the first report of a case. The bacteriologic and pathologic characteristics are described. This opportunistic saprophytic organism took advantage of 15 years of prednisone therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. The actinomycosis was successfully treated with tetracycline-deoxycycline for 6 weeks. PMID- 7245046 TI - Continuing medical education: who benefits? PMID- 7245047 TI - Parathyroid hyperplasia versus adenoma--clinical or histologic diagnosis. PMID- 7245048 TI - Pediatric vascular injuries. AB - The literature on the treatment of pediatric vascular injuries was reviewed. Aggressive treatment of arterial ischemia is clearly indicated, since children with uncorrelated arterial thrombosis are almost certain to develop a growth abnormality in the affected extremity. Alternatives to operative treatment have not been well described. Operative treatment is technically difficult and results are strongly influenced by age. To emphasize this relationship, we combined 10 cases of arterial thrombosis treated operatively in children under age 2 years complied form the literature with five similar cases reviewed retrospectively in our hospital. In these 15 patients the etiology was iatrogenic in 100%. Sixty seven percent (10 of 15) were treated with simple thrombectomy, and only one patient (7%) received a graft. At up to 8 years of follow-up, only 26% (3 of 15) were normal, 47% (7 of 15) had thrombosis, 20% (3 of 15) had suffered tissue loss, and there had been one perioperative death. We conclude that operative treatment of an ischemic although viable limb in a small child might best be deferred if simple thrombectomy has failed or if a more complex procedure would be required at the outset, with the hope that any growth abnormality that developed could be reversed by definitive reconstruction when the child is larger. PMID- 7245045 TI - Choledocholithotomy by Yag laser with a choledochofiberscope: case reports of two patients. AB - The Neodymium-Yag laser was successfully used with a choledochofiberscope for choledocholithotomy in two patients. The bile duct stones were crushed with the Yag laser and removed or pushed into the duodenum without causing any injury. This procedure is highly recommended for treatment of some patients with bile duct stones. PMID- 7245050 TI - The surgical treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis. AB - Of 3,941 patients who underwent varicose vein surgery from 1968 through 1978, 163 had superficial thrombophlebitis, a common complication of varicose veins. Superficial thrombophlebitis was more frequently found in the older age groups. The incidence of occurrence (three women to one man) was identical to that of the overall group operated on for varicose veins. Twenty-two percent of the patients had thrombophlebitis that extended into the saphenous vein at or near the saphenofemoral juncture. Superficial thrombophlebitis was more frequently located in the varicosities below the knee instead of above the knee. The prolonged duration of superficial thrombophlebitis and the recurrent attacks suggest that thrombophlebitis can be chronic, recurrent, or subacute and may remain a threat as long as the varicosities are present. Review of these 163 patients, 161 of whom have been followed up from 1 to 12 years (average 5 years), who were consecutively treated by surgical excision of the thrombosed segments, with excision or stripping of the remaining varicosities, underscores the clinical impression that the surgical removal of the thrombosed vein segments and the associated varicosities shortens the convalescence and mitigates against later recurrence. This form of treatment was accomplished without death or significant morbidity, except for two patients who had clinical suspect nonfatal minor pulmonary emboli during the postoperative hospital period. Prophylactic anticoagulants were used in most patients. Surgical removal of the varicosities with excision of the thrombosed veins is currently our preferred treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis in otherwise healthy patients. PMID- 7245051 TI - Postoperative myocardial infarction: a prospective study in a risk group of surgical patients. AB - Out of a total of 12,654 patients who underwent major surgery under general or regional anesthesia during a 3-year period, there were 12 postoperative myocardial infarctions in patients with no evidence of previous heart disease. From the same group of patients, a selected group of 214 patients with preoperative myocardial infarction or with ECG patterns suggesting left ventricular hypertrophy or subendocardial injury were studied preoperatively and reassessed by means of postoperative serial ECGs. Thirty-eight of these patients (17.7%) developed postoperative myocardial infarction, 18 of whom had ECG patterns of transmural and 17 of subendocardial infarction. In three other patients who died from cardiac arrest, transmural infarction was verified at autopsy. Eighty-five percent of all infarctions were detected within the first 3 postoperative days. Sixteen infarctions (32%) were fatal. Excluding three fatal cardiac arrests, 13 (37%) of the other 35 infarctions in the series occurred without clinical symptoms. Risk factors associated with increased infarction rates included intraoperative hypotensive episodes, preoperative hypertension, and previous myocardial infarction within six months. Type of surgery, anesthetic techniques, anesthesia of more than 3 hours' duration, patient factors such as diabetes, a history of chest pain, and age and sex did not significantly affect the rate of infarction. Postoperative myocardial infarction is a rare complication in patients who have no evidence of previous heart disease. Preoperative recognition of ischemic ECG changes and other risk factors demands ECG tracing for at least 3 days after surgery. PMID- 7245052 TI - The hemodynamic effect of rapid fluid infusion in critically ill patients. AB - The response to a rapidly administered volume infusion (250 ml of 5% albumin over 30 minutes) was studied in 28 critically ill patients. Cardiovascular responses were assessed by means of invasive hemodynamic parameters (i.e., cardiac index [CI], central venous pressure [CVP], pulmonary artery pressure [PAP], and pulmonary capillary wedge [PCWP] pressure as well as radionuclide [RN] angiography). This allowed for the simultaneous measurement of right (RVEF) and left (LVEF) ejection fractions, and right (RVEDV) and left end-diastolic (LVEDV) and end-systolic (LVESV) volumes. Twenty patients responded (R) to volume infusion by demonstrating an increase in stroke volume. This response was secondary to an increase in LVEDV in 11 (R-1) and an increase in the LVEF in nine (R-2). Neither response was predictable before treatment. The responders also demonstrated a significant decrease in heart rate (P less than 0.05). The increased ejection fraction in some responders (R-2) was associated with a decrease in systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) (P less than 0.05) and LVESV (P less than 0.05) suggesting a reduced afterload secondary to peripheral vasodilation concomitant on volume change. The PCWP appeared to be related more to right ventricular (RV) loading factors (i.e., CVP, RVEDV, and pulmonary vascular resistance [PVRI] [R2 = 0.85, P less than 0.005]) then to the LVEDV (P = NS). Left ventricular (LV) loading with volume infusion appeared to be dependent on both RV performance and the PVRI in some patients, since responders who increased the LVEDV (R-1) were characterized by a simultaneous increase in RV stroke work and decrease in PVRI. The response to fluid infusion in critically ill patients is complex with both increases in LVEF and LV preload contributing to its beneficial effect. Clinical assessment of LV filling pressures (PCWP) does not accurately predict the response to volume infusion and does not allow a reliable assessment of the LV preload. This is most likely due to the broad range of LV compliance characteristics noted in critically ill patients. RV function also appears to be important in the clinical response to volume challenge. PMID- 7245053 TI - Management of mucosal perforation during pyloromyotomy for infantile pyloric stenosis. AB - Mucosal perforation during Fredet-Ramstedt pyloromyotomy is the cause of unnecessary morbidity and death if unrecognized. Previously, a variety of closure have been advocated. In 1,777 cases there has been 42 (2.3%) intraoperative perforations. One unrecognized perforation led to a postoperative death. Closure of a mucosal tear is accomplished safely by a simplified suture technique without prolonged convalescence or death. PMID- 7245054 TI - Renal arterial injuries caused by blunt trauma. AB - Ten patients from the Maine Medical Center with renal arterial injuries caused by blunt trauma are presented and analyzed along with 240 other case reports from the literature. Most patients were under 30 years of age and many were children. Injuries to the left side were more frequent; bilateral injuries occurred in 22 patients. Motor vehicle accidents were responsible for the majority of cases. Arterial thrombosis was the most common finding. Associated abdominal injuries were frequent, but the kidney itself was usually spared. Physical findings, urinalysis, and exploratory laparotomy were not reliable in the detection of arterial injury, but excretory urography and angiography were very accurate. Untreated unilateral injuries usually led to renal atrophy, but most did not cause hypertension; untreated bilateral injuries usually led to chronic renal failure or death. Few attempts at revascularization were successful. Excretory urography is recommended for all patients with blunt abdominal trauma; nonfunction should be investigated by angiography. Immediate bilateral repair is indicated in all cases of bilateral renal arterial injury, but repair of a unilateral injury is indicated only if it is promptly diagnosed in a young, stable patient. PMID- 7245049 TI - Contrasting effects of vasodilators on oxygen tension and membrane potential of canine gastric surface epithelium. AB - Our purpose was to study the effects of three related vasoactive drugs on gastric epithelial oxygenation and metabolism. By means of an ultramicroelectrode technique, oxygen tension and transmembrane potential difference of surface epithelium were determined in an in vivo canine gastric chamber model. Intra arterial papaverine (30 micrograms kg-1 min-1) caused a significant depression of epithelial PO2 and potential difference (PD), a transient inhibition of total gastric oxygen consumption, and a 70% increase in total gastric blood flow. Following cessation of the papaverine infusion, epithelial PO2 and PD continued to decline, whereas gastric blood flow and oxygen consumption return to baseline. Isoproterenol (0.0125 microgram kg-1 min-1), on the other hand, had no significant effect on epithelial PO2 and PD although it increased total gastric blood flow 33%. Dopamine (0.1 microgram kg-1 min-1) had no significant hemodynamic effects. To test the importance of papaverine-induced epithelial hypoxia, hydrochloric acid (160 mM) and sodium taurocholate (3 mM) were added to the epithelial bathing solution during intra-arterial infusion of either papaverine or isoproterenol. Necrosis and ulceration of the gastric mucosa were seen with the infusion of papaverine but not with the infusion of isoproterenol. Our results indicate that papaverine increases total gastric blood flow at the expense of nutrient blood flow to surface epithelium. We conclude that nutrient blood flow to surface epithelium is critical to the ability of the gastric mucosa to resist injury by luminal acid and bile. Furthermore, papaverine should not be used clinically to enhanced gastric blood flow because it is potentially injurious to the mucosa. PMID- 7245055 TI - [Urinary glycosaminoglycans in systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 7245059 TI - [Classification of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7245056 TI - [Electrophysiological study of the premature ventricular excitation syndrome]. PMID- 7245057 TI - [Premature ventricular repolarization syndrome]. PMID- 7245058 TI - [Case of pericardial mesothelioma]. PMID- 7245060 TI - [Changes in the osmotic state of blood in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7245061 TI - [Serum myoglobin in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7245062 TI - [Relation between indicators of left-ventricular contractility and the localization of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7245064 TI - [Value of walking exercises in the rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7245063 TI - [Characteristics of oxygen provision of physical exertion in rehabilitation after myocardial infarct complicated by heart aneurysm]. PMID- 7245065 TI - [End diastolic pressure in the evaluation of left-ventricular myocardial insufficiency in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7245066 TI - [Effect of acute sodium chloride load on blood prostaglandin levels in healthy subjects and in patients with hypertension]. PMID- 7245067 TI - [Detection of early symptoms of cardiac insufficiency in hypertension]. PMID- 7245069 TI - [Peripheral blood circulation and oxygen tension in the blood and tissues of patients with cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 7245068 TI - [Usefulness of apex cardiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary artery stenosis and in the evaluation of myocardial function before and after surgery]. PMID- 7245070 TI - [Current approaches to the study of peripheral blood circulation using a new Soviet-made apparatus]. PMID- 7245071 TI - [Lipid metabolism in bronchiectasis]. PMID- 7245072 TI - [Effect of forced inspiration and expiration on lobar rheopneumography]. PMID- 7245073 TI - [Crohn disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7245075 TI - [Possible role of the proximal kidney tubules in the etiology of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7245076 TI - [Effect of diet of various protein contents on the blood fibrinolytic system in the nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 7245074 TI - [Functional-morphological interrelations in the esophagogastroduodenal zone in esophagogastric junction insufficiency]. PMID- 7245078 TI - [Anemia in women working in contact with toxic substances]. PMID- 7245077 TI - [Effectiveness of splenectomy in myeloproliferative disorders complicated by portal hypertension]. PMID- 7245079 TI - [Capillarotrophic insufficiency in rheumatic diseases and diagnostic criteria]. PMID- 7245080 TI - [Urogenital infection in Reiter's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 7245081 TI - [Differential diagnosis of erosive osteoarthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7245083 TI - The effect of vitamin A on fusion of mouse palates. I. Retinyl palmitate and retinoic acid in vivo. AB - C57B1 mice were given orally one, two , or three doses of ritinyl palmitate or retinoic acid on day 11, 12, 13, or 14 or pregnancy to determine 1) if it was possible to produce cleft palate at any time during palatal development of the mouse embryo, and 2) the maternal and fetal levels of vitamin A associated with the production of clefts. Whereas a single dose of either substance was sufficient to cause clefts on day 11 or day 12, three doses at 3-hour intervals were necessary to cause clefts on day 14. Most of these clefts were incomplete. Measurement of vitamin A levels in maternal serum and fetuses of dams after administration of retinyl palmitate or retinoic acid on day 11 and day 14 of pregnancy showed that transplacental passage of retinyl palmitate, retinol, and retinoic acid had taken place. Analysis of fetal serum on day 14 showed increase in levels of retinyl palmitate, retinol, and retinoic acid after dosing with retinyl palmitate, and in retinoic acid alone after dosing with retinoic acid. In both cases peak levels were observed within 3 hours. Our findings suggest that the effect of vitamin A on the developing mouse palate is direct, occurring soon after its administration, and that duration of exposure is as important as its concentration in vivo. The apparent change in sensitivity of mouse palate between day 11 and day 14 of pregnancy is discussed. PMID- 7245082 TI - Investigations on cyclophosphamide treatment during the preimplantation period. I. Differential sensitivity to maternal cyclophosphamide treatment. AB - To study the effect of cyclophosphamide (CPA) treatment of pregnant mice during the preimplantation period on different embryonic cells even before implantation, the cell numbers of the immunosurgically isolated inner cell mass (ICM) and the blastocyst total cell number (BTCN) were determined in late blastocysts. In animals treated at 2 P.M. on day 2 of pregnancy a dose-related reduction of the cell numbers was found for both ICM and BTCN in morphologically normal late blastocysts (day 4, 8 A.M.) at CAP doses of 20-60 mg/kg which did not induce embryonic death before implantation but did later during organogenesis. At identical CPA doses the reduction of the cell numbers of the ICM was significantly greater than that of the BTCN. These data provide evidence for a differential sensitivity of the two groups of cells in preimplantation mouse embryos (trophectoderm and ICM) to maternal CPA treatment even before implantation. PMID- 7245085 TI - National toxicology program. PMID- 7245086 TI - Use of the last menstrual period (LMP) in timing human pregnancies. PMID- 7245084 TI - The effect of vitamin A on fusion of mouse palates. II. retinyl palmitate, retinol, and retinoic acid in vitro. AB - A fixed-exposure culture technique is described using palatal shelves removed from mouse fetuses on day 14 of pregnancy. In this technique growth is eliminated as a possible variable. The addition of retinyl palmitate, retinol, or retinoic acid to culture medium at concentrations similar to those found associated with cleft palates produced in vivo after dosing dams with vitamin A on day 14 prevented fusion of explanted shelves in vitro after a 24-hour exposure period. Retinoic acid prevented fusion of explants after as little as 4 hours exposure. Retinoic acid was more active in vitro than retinol, which was itself eight to ten times more active than retinyl palmitate. An explanation of the effect of vitamin A on the fusing mouse palate is give based on altered glycoprotein synthesis. PMID- 7245087 TI - Regional differences in the effects of glucocorticoids on maturation of the fetal skeleton of the rat. AB - The effects of glucocorticoids on fetal growth and development in the rat were investigated. Pregnant rats were injected subcutaneously on gestational days 12 and 13 with betamethasone (0.18 or 0.42 mg), with dexamethasone (0.12 or 0.24 mg), or with physiological saline. Fetuses at day 21 of gestation were weighed, cleared, and stained for calcification with Alizarin Red S. Fetal weight was significantly reduced at both dose levels of each steroid; a greater reduction occurred with the higher dose. Retardation of growth and of calcification of bones in the axial skeleton occurred at both doses; there was greater retardation with the high dose. In the appendicular skeleton there was enhanced calcification of some bones with the low dose, and a retardation of calcification with the high dose of each steroid. The present findings show that different regions of the fetal skeleton may respond discordantly to the effect of glucocorticoids depending on the dose. PMID- 7245090 TI - Heterotopias of brain as a cause of infantile regurgitation. AB - A girl had persistent regurgitation of food from the first week of life until death at 19 weeks of age. Postmortem examination revealed widespread congenital anomalies including neuronal and neuroglial heterotopias of the thalamus and centrum semiovale on the left side, subependymal regions of both lateral and third ventricles, and both rostral medullary pyramids; and hypoplasia of the thalamus and cerebrum of the left side, and both lenticular nuclei. Moreover, the left lateral ventricle was moderately dilated, secondary to partial occlusion of the ipsilateral interventricular foramen. The left thalamus and hemicerebrum, as well as both lenticular nuclei, were remarkable small. The brainstem was normal except for pyramidal neuronal and neuroglial heterotopias, a finding not previously reported. The mechanism producing a small left thalamus, lenticular nuclei, and cerebrum on the left side is suggested as a combination of hypoplasia from aberrant migration of neuroepithelial derivations, a dilated left lateral ventricle, and degeneration of connecting nerve fibers. Decrease in size of the right lenticular nucleus is the result of hypoplasia alone. It is proposed that the lesions in the thalamus and cerebrum on the left side were responsible for regurgitation because of imbalanced supranuclear control of intact nuclei in the brainstem. PMID- 7245092 TI - Effects of cadmium on the prenatal ultrastructural maturation of rat alveolar epithelium. AB - Maternal administration of cadmium (Cd) has previously been shown to cause reduced lung weight and altered pulmonary surfactant accumulation in fetal rats. This leads to neonatal respiratory distress. In the present study the effects of Cd on the ultrastructural development of alveolar epithelium was studied to detect any alterations which could contribute to neonatal respiratory difficulties. Pregnant rats received 8.0 mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 subcutaneously on days 12-15 of gestation. Fetal tissue was examined by electron microscopy throughout the period of alveolar cytodifferentiation. The undifferentiated epithelium of both treated and control fetuses was composed of simple columnar cells with apical and basal glycogen deposits. Cytodifferentiation in controls consisted of gradual flattening of alveolar type I cells and the appearance of surfactant-containing lamellar bodies in alveolar type II cells. Cytoplasmic glycogen was prominent up to day 20, then diminished to low levels on day 21. Epithelial differentiation in treated fetuses was delayed in most alveoli. On the two days before term some alveoli appeared normal, but many were retarded or arrested in their development. Cellular glycogen pools were reduced in treated alveoli and were absent just prior to birth. Lamellar bodies in treated alveoli were less numerous, correlating with the diminished pulmonary surfactant lecithin content reported earlier. These alterations in prenatal ultrastructural maturation could contribute to the postnatal respiratory difficulties previously observed. PMID- 7245088 TI - Teratogenesis of retinoic acid in rats: susceptible stages and suppression of retinoic acid-induced limb malformations by cycloheximide. AB - The susceptible stages and the malformation pattern produced by excess retinoic acid were investigated in rat fetuses. Retinoic acid (120 mg/kg body weight, suspended in rape oil) was administered orally to pregnant females on one of the first 20 days of gestation. Fetuses were examined for external and, after visualization of the skeleton with alizarin red, for skeletal malformations on the 21st day of gestation. Retinoic acid was highly embryolethal when administered on days 9 and 10 of gestation (96.2 and 100% resorptions). The earliest teratogenic effect of retinoic acid was noted on the 9th day of gestation. Severe multiple defects were produced by retinoic acid administration on days 9 and 11 of gestation, but more specific malformations involving the axial skeleton, the fore- and hindlimbs, and cleft palate resulted from treatment on days 12-18 of gestation. Cycloheximide, and inhibitor of protein synthesis, reduced the incidence of limb defects induced by retinoic acid. This result indicates that the teratogenic effect of retinoic acid on limb morphogenesis may be dependent upon continuous protein synthesis and is compatible with the view that vitamin A may act like a hormone. PMID- 7245091 TI - Investigation on cyclophosphamide treatment during the preimplantation period. II. In vitro studies on the effects of cyclophosphamide and its metabolites 4-OH cyclophosphamide, phosphoramide mustard, and acrolein on blastulation of four cell and eight-cell mouse embryos and on their subsequent development during implantation. AB - Preimplantation mouse embryos were cultured for 48 hours from the four-cell and eight-cell stage to the blastocyst stage in the presence of cyclophosphamide (CPA) or one of its metabolites-4-hydroperoxy-CPA (4-HP-CPA), phosphoramide mustard (PAM), and acrolein (Acr)--to identify the metabolite which is embryotoxic after CPA treatment of pregnant mice during the preimplantation period. The dose-response relations for the inhibition of blastulation revealed identical inhibition curves for PAM and 4-HP-CPA (in solution 4-HP-CPA immediately decomposes to 4-hydroxy-CPA (4-OH-CPA)). These two metabolites are inhibiting blastulation in vitro at concentrations that are 10,000 times lower than CPA and 100 times lower than acrolein. When blastocysts which had developed in the presence of CPA and its metabolites in vitro were subsequently cultured in inhibitor-free medium NCTC-109, the same dose-response relationship pattern was obtained. Since 4-OH-CPA decomposes into acrolein and PAM in vivo and in vitro and since PAM and 4-OH-CPA exhibit identical embryotoxicity towards preimplantation embryos in vitro, PAM probably also is an active embryotoxic CPA metabolite in vivo before implantation. This result is discussed in relation to the importance of alkylating CPA metabolites in cancer treatment and in teratological studies during organogenesis. PMID- 7245089 TI - Assessment of adult skeletons to detect prenatal exposure to 2,4,5-T or Trifluralin in mice. AB - A group of 88 spontaneously occurring variations of the skeleton were studies in adult CD-1 mice which had been exposed in utero to the herbicides 2,4,5-T or Trifluralin, administered to their dams by gavage, in an attempt to detect subtle biological effects of these compounds even in the absence of gross malformations. Sixty-seven characters showed variation in this population. Of these, 19 were significantly different in frequency from untreated controls in mice having receiving a teratogenic dose of 2,4,5-T, with an average difference of 23.7%. Seventeen of them were increased in frequency. By contrast, only three traits differed from untreated among mice receiving a no-effect dose of 2,4,5-T. Twelve traits differed significantly from untreated in the Trifluralin-treated group; the average difference was 18.8%, with 10 of the traits being increased in frequency. Two clusters of affected variants specific to the 2,4,5-T high dose group included frontal bone variants in the skull (presence of an interfrontal bone and fusion of the frontals) and variants in the cervical vertebrae (imperfect foramina in the first and second cervicals, dyssymphysis of the second cervical, and a shift of the arch foramen from the fourth to the fifth cervical). Two other effects peculiar to the 2,4,5-T-treated specimens were a loss of the prominent dorsal spine of the second thoracic vertebra and a reduction in the number of caudal vertebrae. The most obvious effects specific to the Trifluralin treatment were an increase in occurrence of 14 ribs, an undoubled foramen ovale, and the occurrence of accessory foramina in the cervical vertebrae. A striking increase in frequency of parted frontals was seen in both 2,4,5-T high dose and Trifluralin-treated groups. The skeletal variant assay system may be used as a postnatal screen for detecting prenatal exposure to potentially noxious substances. PMID- 7245093 TI - Agnathia, situs inversus, and associated malformations. PMID- 7245095 TI - Isoflurane (forane)--in search of the ideal anesthetic. PMID- 7245097 TI - Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 7245096 TI - Update on asbestos-associated pulmonary disease. PMID- 7245094 TI - The failure of glutamic acid to protect the rat embryo against the action of trypan blue. AB - The effect of L-glutamic acid on the embryolethal and teratogenic action of trypan blue was investigated in Wistar albino rats. L-glutamic acid was either incorporated into the diet, from gestation day 2 to day 20, or suspended in sesame oil and administered by gavage, from gestation day 6 to day 10. The day of finding sperm in the vaginal smear was designated day 0 of pregnancy. A teratogenic dose of trypan blue was injected at day 8 of pregnancy, either intraperitoneally (14 mg/kg maternal body weight) or subcutaneously (160 mg/kg). The amount of glutamic acid consumed, after the injection of trypan blue, ranged from 600 to 1,500 mg/rat/day. Pregnancy was terminated at day 20, and the fetuses were recovered and examined. Glutamic acid failed consistently to protect the rat embryo against the lethal and teratogenic action of trypan blue. These results are in contrast to those obtained in mice. the administration of sesame oil alone was found to cause embryonic death but not malformations. PMID- 7245102 TI - [Behavioural disorders in children and young people (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245098 TI - Noninvasive clinical and exercise predictors of sudden cardiac death in men with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7245100 TI - Fighting confusion & "standing orders". PMID- 7245099 TI - Postsplenectomy immunologic impairment. PMID- 7245101 TI - [The personality and the care of the mentally retarded child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245104 TI - [Rehabilitation of children with severe skull-brain injuries]. PMID- 7245103 TI - [The clumsy child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245105 TI - [Verbal communication handicaps in children]. PMID- 7245106 TI - [Bobath therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245107 TI - [What is psychomotor therapy? What are psychomotor disorders?]. PMID- 7245112 TI - [Damage to the gastrointestinal tract caused by acute and chronic alcohol abuse]. PMID- 7245109 TI - [Early remedial treatment for babies and young children with impaired vision (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245110 TI - [Why does one become an alcoholic?]. PMID- 7245111 TI - [Alcohol metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245113 TI - [Metabolic effects of alcohol on bone marrow and blood cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245108 TI - [Logopedics]. PMID- 7245115 TI - [The neurological affections of alcoholism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245114 TI - Alcoholic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7245116 TI - [Alterations of the psychic equilibrium produced by the abuse of alcohol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245119 TI - Some characteristics of mouse platelet aggregation and a comparison of the activity of a range of compounds in mouse and human platelet-rich plasma in vitro. AB - Collegan-induced platelet aggregation in mouse citrated platelet-rich (PRP) was associated with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release and degranulation. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) induced monophasic and reversible aggregation with no degranulation. Mouse platelets gave no response to adrenaline but changed shape and sometimes aggregated in response to 5-HT. Both amines potentiated the effect of ADP. The respective potencies of prostaglandin E1, papaverine, VK 774, BL 3459 and adenosine as inhibitors of ADP-induced aggregation were similar in mous and human PRP. Although ticlopidine had similar activity in the two species, aspirin and flurbiprofen were considerably less potent in mouse than human PRP as inhibitors of collagen-induced aggregation. It is suggested that collagen-induced aggregation of mouse platelets in vitro occurs by a mechanism largely independent of arachidonic acid metabolites. PMID- 7245118 TI - [Motivation of the alcoholic for detoxification]. PMID- 7245117 TI - [The evolution of alcoholism in Switzerland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245120 TI - Platelet adhesiveness, plasma fibrinogen and fibrinolytic activity in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7245121 TI - A native whole blood assay for blood-materials interaction. AB - A convenient, accurate, and reproducible method was developed and characterized to test the effects of particulate solids and soluble agents on native whole blood. The effects of citrate anticoagulation and of variation in flow and column parameters were characterized by ancillary experiments. The study utilized a relatively homogeneous strain of large rabbits that had received intravenous [C14]-serotonin as a platelet radiolabel. The assay induced a 4 min contact time of either the test sample or saline control with freshly drawn arterial blood and was followed by a series of hemostatic measurements, both before and after passage of the blood through a standard 1 g glass bead column. Changes induced by soluble (ADP, ellagic acid, aspirin) and particulate (collagen) agents in the reactivity of this blood to the subsequent challenge of a large area of reactive surface revealed reproducible quantitative effects on platelets and clotting. Generally comparable results were obtained with native whole human blood when the glass bead surface was adjusted (2 g) for the species difference in coagulability and platelet reactivity. PMID- 7245122 TI - The effect of local anaesthetics and antiarrhythmic agents on the responses of rabbit platelete to ADP and thrombin. AB - Local anaesthetics and antiarrhythmic agents produced changes in responses of rabbit platelets to ADP and thrombin that varied with the agent and its concentration. In high concentrations all local anaesthetics decreased aggregation rates. At lower concentrations several local anaesthetics increased aggregation rates. Depending on the agonist and local anaesthetic, increases were produced at all or only at low or high agonist concentrations. Local anaesthetics failed to influence shape change except at concentrations much greater than those which inhibited aggregation. Inhibition of aggregation by procaine was potentiated by small organic anions suggesting effects at different sites on the platelet membrane. The inhibitory effect of local anaesthetics was decreased by increasing Ca. Kinetic analysis indicated different mechanisms for this Ca effect, i.e., predominantly competitive for procaine or lidocaine and predominantly non-competitive for tetracaine or ethyl lidocaine. Local anaesthetics may affect aggregation by modifying the participation of Ca in this process. PMID- 7245123 TI - Pharmacokinetics of heparin in healthy and obese subjects and in combination with dihydroergotamine. AB - Heparin (5000 IE s.c., 5000 IE i v, 200 EI/kg i v) was given to healthy volunteers without and with 0.5 mg dihydroergotamine (DHE) i v to test whether DHE influences the kinetics of heparin. The anticoagulant (200 IE/kg) was also administered to obese subjects. Heparin was assayed using a chromogenic substrate for activated factor X. The plasma levels of heparin did not differ whether given concomitantly with DHE or not. Halflife of heparin was also uninfluenced of DHE demonstrating that the beneficial effect of DHE on postoperative thromboembolism is not caused by interaction with the pharmacokinetics of heparin. The plasma levels of heparin were significantly higher in the obese subjects than in the normal ones. The halflife of the drug averaged 2.13 h in the obese subjects and 1.36 h in the normal subjects (P less than 0.02). It was concluded that the heparin dosage should be calculated in terms of estimated ideal weight. PMID- 7245124 TI - Physiological effects of nonimmune platelet associated immunoglobulin G. PMID- 7245127 TI - Determining survivals of platelets and fibrinogen using HAP an interactive hemostasis analysis computer program. AB - An interactive computer program is described which permits computation of platelet survivals based on the gamma function model of Murphy. An additional feature permits the treatment of other labelled proteins, e. g. fibrinogen, disappearing via an exponential process. The program requires no prior computer background [corrected] and typical determinations of survivals can be effected in about five min, representing a substantial enhancement to the gamma function program as currently provided by the International Committee for the Standardization of Hematology. Provision has also been made for modification to meet individual needs. The program is described in sufficient detail, including sample calculations, to permit evaluation for possible complications. PMID- 7245125 TI - Daunorubicin and platelet function. AB - The influence of Daunorubicin on some platelet functions in vitro was investigated, using different concentrations of the drug (0.01-0.02-0.04 microgram/ml). Daunorubicin was shown to inhibit Collagen and Thrombin induced platelet aggregation and the intensity of inhibition on both drug concentration and the time of preincubation. Daunorubicin was also shown to inhibit the release reaction, the platelet prostaglandin pathway and the availability platelet factor 3; the drug at concentrations for clinical use does not damage the platelet membrane, as is the case with the freezing and thawing test, in platelet uptake of 14C-serotonin and as confirmed by the electron microscope. When very high doses (0.16 mg) of Daunorubicin are used, lysis of the platelets can be observed and this is confirmed under the electron microscope by the presence of empty platelets with fractures at the level of the cytoplasmid membrane. Finally, Daunorubicin causes irreversible inhibition of reptilase clot-retraction, even if this is less severe than with Vincristine. Working with gel-filtered platelets, it would appear that the inhibition exercised by the drug on platelet reactions is not caused through modifications in Ca++ metabolism. The authors suggest that Daunorubicin, at the dosages used clinically, induces in vitro thrombocytopathy without damaging the cellular membrane as confirmed by the electron microscope. This impairment of platelet functions could play a part in hemorrhagic diathesis observed during Daunorubicin therapy. PMID- 7245128 TI - Purification and characterization of the sand crab (Ovalipes bipustulatus) coagulogen (fibrinogen). AB - From the coagulocytes (amoebocytes) coagulogen (fibrinogen) was isolated, and purified on Sephacryl S-200. The cell homogenate contained one major protein species with a minimum molecular weight of 70,000. This protein clotted in the presence of human thrombin, human factor XIII and Ca++. The coagulogen contained no free thiol groups, however these were detectable in the reduced protein. Using the cyanoethylation procedure, it was estimated that one coagulogen molecule contained two lysine residues which participated in the cross-linking reaction. The total amino acid composition of the crab coagulogen and coagulin (fibrin) was estimated and compared with the amino acid composition of the Limulus polyphemus, lobster, (Panulirus interruptus) and porcine fibrinogen. PMID- 7245126 TI - Purification and properties of an abnormal blood coagulation factor IX (factor IXBm)/kinetics of its inhibition of factor X activation by factor VII and bovine tissue factor. AB - An abnormal blood coagulation factor IX has been isolated from the blood of a hemophilia B patient with a variant of the disease (hemophilia Bm) characterized by a normal concentration of factor IX antigen, negligible factor IX coagulant activity, and a prolonged prothrombin time with bovine tissue factor. The isolated protein (factor IXBm) had the same apparent molecular weight as normal factor IX (55,000) and the same mobility on two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis as normal factor IX. Factor IXBm underwent limited proteolysis induced by activated factor XI, in the presence of Ca2+ ions, or induced by the reaction product of tissue factor, factor VII and Ca2+ ions. A timecourse study showed that activated factor XI cleaved factor IXBm and factor IX at similar rates. However, in contrast to normal factor IX, the limited protelysis of factor IXBm did not generate procoagulant activity. In kinetic experiments purified factor IXBm behaved like a competitive inhibitor (Ki of 0.017 muM) of the activation of factor X by bovine tissue factor and factor VII. Normal factor IX was also found to inhibit the reaction but required a four-fold higher concentration to activate the same inhibitory effects as factor IXBm. PMID- 7245131 TI - Inherited bleeding syndromes in Iraq-updated. PMID- 7245129 TI - Lack of correlation between anticoagulant activity and phospholipid hydrolysis by snake venom phospholipases A2. AB - The anticoagulant effects and the simultaneous plasma phospholipid hydrolysis induced by three purified phospholipases obtained from snake venoms, i.e., the basic, relatively toxic N. nigricollis, the neutral, relatively nontoxic H. haemachatus, and the acidic, relatively nontoxic N. n. atra, have been compared. The N. nigricollis phospholipase has a very strong anticoagulant effect at concentrations which induce relatively low levels of phospholipid hydrolysis in plasma. The H. haemachatus and N. n. atra phospholipases become anticoagulant only at high concentrations, and the associated phospholipid hydrolysis is also very high. It is concluded that, while all phospholipases are likely to inhibit coagulation if used in amounts sufficiently large to deplete plasma of phospholipids, strongly active phospholipases, such as N. nigricollis, interfere nonenzymatically with the clotting process before any appreciable phospholipid hydrolysis is reached. PMID- 7245130 TI - Permeability enhancing and chemotactic activities of lower molecular weight degradation products of human fibrinogen. AB - Fibrinogen degradation products were investigated for leukocyte chemotactic activity and for enhancement of vascular permeability. Both activities increased progressively with plasmin digestion of fibrinogen. Active fragments were partially purified from 24 hr-plasmin digests. Molecular weights of the permeability increasing and chemotactic activity fractions were 25,000-15,000 and 25,000 respectively. Both fractions had much higher activities than the fragment X, Y, D or E. Electron microscopic observations of the small blood vessels in rabbit skin correlated increased permeability with the formation of characteristic gaps between adjoining endothelial cells and their contraction. These findings suggest that lower molecular weight degradation products of fibrinogen may be influential in contributing to granulocytic infiltration and enhanced permeability in lesions characterized by deposits of fibrin and/or fibrinogen. PMID- 7245132 TI - Inhibitor to factor IX following activated prothrombin-complex concentrate treatment. PMID- 7245134 TI - Antiheparin proteins secreted by avian thrombocytes. PMID- 7245133 TI - Hereditary dysfunctional antithrombin III (AT-III Vicenza) PMID- 7245137 TI - Fibrin polymerization rate at different temperatures and in the presence of fragment D. PMID- 7245136 TI - Characterization of the ethanol and beta-naphthol precipitable proteins from pathological human plasma. PMID- 7245138 TI - The thrombogenicity of prothrombin complex concentrates: III. The relationship of in vivo thrombogenicity to the nature of the starting plasma. PMID- 7245135 TI - Iliac hematoma with femoral neuropathy: computerized tomography demonstration. PMID- 7245139 TI - Affinity of fibrinogen and fibrin to collagen type III and denatured collagen type I demonstrated at low temperature. PMID- 7245140 TI - Urinary fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products and intraglomerular fibrin fibrinogen deposition in various renal diseases. PMID- 7245141 TI - An automated amidolytic assay for testing factor X activity. PMID- 7245142 TI - Prolonged inhibition of ex vivo sodium arachidonate-induced platelet aggregation and malondialdehyde (MDA) production by sulphinpyrazone (Anturan) in man. PMID- 7245143 TI - [Use of preventive measures and level of information among abortion seekers at Haukeland Hospital, Gynecologic Clinic]. PMID- 7245144 TI - [Who goes to the doctor and why?]. PMID- 7245147 TI - [Treatment of internal procidentia and rectal prolapse]. PMID- 7245145 TI - [Longevity among Norwegian Adventists 1960-1977: a message of life style and health?]. PMID- 7245146 TI - [Central pontine myelinolysis]. PMID- 7245148 TI - [Digitalis and quinidine]. PMID- 7245150 TI - [Attempted suicide with digitoxin]. PMID- 7245151 TI - [Poisoning with ethylene glycol and oxalic acid]. PMID- 7245153 TI - [Methanol poisoning. Diagnostic and differential diagnostic problems illustrated by 2 cases]. PMID- 7245156 TI - [Acute laryngitis in children]. PMID- 7245155 TI - [The diagnosis of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer in gastroscopy case material]. PMID- 7245152 TI - [Hemodialysis is methanol poisoning]. PMID- 7245158 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. Results of a retrospective study of 967 patients]. PMID- 7245154 TI - [Methanol poisoning. Emergency measures, diagnostic and therapeutic problems during the Kristiansand outbreak in 1979]. PMID- 7245157 TI - [Treatment of acute myocardial infarction outside the hospital]. PMID- 7245149 TI - [Improved prognosis for cancer patients in Norway: Do the prognosis data of the Cancer Registry for the periods 1953-1967 and 1968-1975 mean that the therapeutic results have improved, too?]. PMID- 7245160 TI - Risks and benefits in preventive medicine. PMID- 7245159 TI - [Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome]. PMID- 7245161 TI - [Sudden death in asthma]. PMID- 7245162 TI - [Digitalis in myocardial infarct. Overuse?]. PMID- 7245163 TI - [Introduction to the Mastitis Symposium]. PMID- 7245164 TI - A comparison of national mastitis surveys in Great Britain and the Netherlands. AB - The results of a national survey of mastitis carried out in 1977 in Great Britain are compared with similar surveys carried out in the Netherlands. The results are very similar although the average herd-size was much higher in the British survey. The advantage of teat-dipping and dry-cow therapy was demonstrated. Both surveys showed a decrease in infection level with increasing herd-size but the reverse was true with increased age. The value of individual bulk-milk cell counts as an indicator of infection level is questioned. PMID- 7245165 TI - [The economic significance of mastitis in current and altered agricultural policies (author's transl)]. AB - Animal diseases continue to cause considerable losses among dairy cattle in the Netherlands. A considerable part is due to mastitis, previously quantified at Dfl. 125.-per average cow present, which would account to as much as Dfl. 165.-at current production and price-levels. A major part is caused by milk which was not produced. Under the present market and price policy, the same price is paid for each kg of milk, whatever the quantity produced per farm. In this situation, the milk which is not produced is therefore valued at the current price of Dfl. 0.60 per kg. If a quota-system were to be imposed per farm, an additional kg of milk would have to be valued at a lower price. Yet the losses due to mastitis and conversely, the profits of reducing the disease, remain almost unchanged in this situation. Instead of increased production per farm, there is a possibility of achieving a similar production per farm with less cows and at reduced cost. Calculations show that when a quota-system is imposed on each farm, the economic profitableness of improved health continues to be important. PMID- 7245166 TI - [The milking machine as a factor in udder health (author's transl)]. AB - The milking machine may increase the hazards of mastitis by direct contact with contaminated teat-cup liners, by erosion of the teat opening or movements of milk and air from the claw in the direction of the teats. Erosion about the teat opening (formation of callous tissue) is very common in commercial herds, though the risks of subclinical mastitis hardly increase in herds showing slightly eroded streak canals. Probably the callousity is caused by the presence of the liners on the teat end. During milking, the teats may be contaminated with pathogens by a reverse flow of milk in the short milk tube caused by the action of the pulsator or by a sudden flow or air against the teats caused by the entry of additional air in the system. This air flow may generate milk droplets which beat against the teats or even penetrate the streak canal ('droplet impacts'). Particularly these 'droplets impacts' are responsible for new udder infections. A differentiation can be made between 'liner impacts', caused by the entry of air in one of the teat cups of the same cluster, and 'milk-tube impacts' generated by a sudden air flow from the long milk tube. Reduction of the former type of impact may be achieved by liners with little air leakage, milking routines without stripping or removal of the clusters without a sudden air inlet. The latter type may be prevented by an adequate vacuum supply of the plant and wide milk lines. The drawbacks of 'impacts' may be reduced by deflector shields fitted in the liner in front of the teat openings. One-way valves in the short milk tube will virtually prevent any contamination of the teats. PMID- 7245168 TI - [The future of the veterinarian, with particular reference to the number of veterinary surgeons (author's transl)]. AB - Two reports on the prospects for the future of the veterinarian served as the basis for an estimate of requirements up to 2000. Much more veterinarians have so far been placed than was believed to be possible. However, one of the reasons for which this could be done, was the considerable increase of the livestock population. In the present conditions, it would appear warranted not to overestimate the prospects up to the year 2000. PMID- 7245167 TI - [Transfer of an embryo in sheep under field conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245169 TI - [Organizing mastitis control (author's transl)]. AB - In view of the considerable losses caused by clinical, though particularly subclinical, mastitis, organized mastitis control is justified. Cell counts of herd milk samples are the most effective method so far available in detecting herds in which mastitis is a problem. Cell counts are primarily made to determine the quality of the milk delivered; secondly, cell counts are used in mastitis control. Using the same cell count in determining the quality and in detecting herds affected with mastitis is a difficult matter. Herds in which mastitis is a problem, are systematically detected in a limited number of provinces in the Netherlands. In mastitis control on a farm, particular attention is paid to: (1) hygiene on the farm (2) the house climate (3) special arrangements for maintenance of the milking plant (4) the procedure adopted in milking (5) teat dipping (6) dry cow therapy (7) culling chronically infected cattle. Because of mastitis in the cows, there may be an increase in bacterial counts due to streptococci causing mastitis in addition to cell counts in herd samples. These streptococci are perceptible in the form of small punctate colonies, so-called pin-points, in bacterial counts. Bacteria other than streptococci causing mastitis may also produce these pin-points. In recent years, the cell counts of herd milk samples showed a marked decrease in the southern Netherlands. This decrease was due in part to the large number of improvements in the milking apparatus. Moreover, intensive education by lectures, excursions and counselling of factories has also stimulated this favourable development. However, these effects are hard to measure. The continued reduction of the cell count in herd samples imparts confidence in the results of this mastitis control. PMID- 7245170 TI - [Guide to feeding of cattle during the grazing period (author's transl]. AB - Grass is high grade roughage. Its energy content (appr. 1650 kcal. NE of dry matter) approximates that of concentrates. As a rule, the protein content of dry matter is much higher than the minimum required for growth or milk production, and this may have an adverse effect on the utilization of Cu and Mg. The structural value of grass is another factor to bear in mind in feeding dairy cows, the more so when concentrates or other non- or less structural products are also fed. Of the mineral constituents the elements Ng, Na, Cu, Co and j require most attention. This is not the case when more than appr. 4 kg of concentrate daily are fed to cows. However, supplying Mg often continues to cause concern. The daily dry matter intake from grass is appr. 2.0-2.5 per cent of body weight, but this varies with the season, climate and indoor or outdoor feeding. Fully grazing cows can produce appr. 25 kg of milk in the spring and appr. 18 kg in the autumn. When the cows are kept indoors at night or kept at zero grazing, the production level is somewhat lower (see Table under 2.3). For cows showing a higher production concentrates are therefore required. To prevent too great an intake of intestinal parasites in young animals (calves), grazing aftermath is the most effective method, though it is not easy to carry out in every case. For stale or dry cows the feed intake from grass usually is too high. This may result in fat cows as well as an increased risk of milk fever. PMID- 7245171 TI - The efficacy of oxfendazole administered as a bolus compared with a drench formulation. AB - In a flock of 40 ewe lambs of the Texel breed the anthelmintic oxfendazole was tested in two different formulations, a 2.265 per cent suspension and a 4 gram bolus containing 151 mg active ingredient. All treatments were based on a dose rate of 5 mg/kg body weight. Faecal examinations and larval differentiations were carried out on the day of treatment and two and seven days later. No differences in efficacy were apparent between the two treated groups. Oxfendazole in either formulation was 100 per cent effective in removing the major strongylids and trichostrongylids. A lower activity was seen against Strongyloides papillosus. PMID- 7245172 TI - Baby pig diarrhea caused by coccidiosis. AB - An outbreak of coccidiosis on two Belgian farms is described. Diarrhea started in piglets at 9 or 10 days of life. Zero to three pigs died per litter. The morbidity rate varied from 70 to 90 per cent. Histological examination of the intestines revealed shortening of villi and different stages of the life cycle of coccidia were seen in the enterocytes. Virological examination was negative for corona-, corona-like, and rotavirus. A haemolytic E. coli strain was isolated in one case. As for treatment, good results were obtained by the adding of 1 kg amproleum pre-mix per ton sow feed. Scouring pigs were treated orally with 2 cc of an amprol solution once a day. The diarrhea stopped one day after treatment. PMID- 7245174 TI - The seasonal incidence of coccidia infections in trade cattle, sheep, and goats in Nigeria. AB - A survey of coccidia infections in trade cattle, sheep, and goats was undertaken in Nigeria between April 1978 and March 1979. Faecal examinations showed coccidia oocysts in 1,456 (56 per cent) of 2,600 calves, 832 (80 per cent) out of 1,040 sheep, and 468 (45 per cent) out of 1,040 goats. There were relatively few coccidia oocysts between October and March and peaks occurred in August and September. Nine species of Eimeria were identified in bovine faeces, and seven species in both sheep and goats. Eimeria bovis and E. zurnii are predominant in cattle, whereas E. faurei and E. ninakohlyakimovae have the highest percentage occurrence in sheep and goats in Nigeria. The effects of seasonal influences on the abundance of coccidia oocysts among ruminants in Nigeria are stressed. PMID- 7245173 TI - Equine influenza in the Netherlands during the winter of 1978-1979; antigenic drift of the A-equi 2 virus. AB - Influenza virus A-equi 2(Heq2Neq2) caused an epizootic in the Netherlands in the winter of 1978-1979. Horses vaccinated with A/Equi/Praha/56 (HEq1Neq1) and A/Equi/Miami/63 (Heq2Neq2) were also infected and showed clinical signs. The virus involved showed a marked antigenic drift from the prototype and vaccine strain A/Equi/Miami/63 (Heq2Neq2). Infection of ferrets with the Dutch/79 isolates gave rise to high haemagglutination-inhibition antibody titres to a number of A-Equi 2-1963, 1968 and 1979 viruses. The incorporation of this virus into future influenza vaccines should be considered. PMID- 7245175 TI - Phagocytosis and destruction of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A review is presented for the phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes. Recruitment of adequate numbers of leukocytes to the site of infection occurs through the process of chemotaxis. Recognition of invading staphylococci by the phagocytic cells is mediated through bacterial opsonization. Both processes depend upon the activation of the heat-labile complement system which generates the majority of chemotactic (C5a) and opsonic (C3b) molecules for S. aureus phagocytosis. The key role of peptidoglycan in the cell wall of staphylococci in these events is stressed. Attachment and ingestion of opsonized staphylococci occurs via poorly-defined receptors for opsonins in the membrane of the leukocyte. The greater phagocytic capacity of neutrophils as compared to monocytes is not reflected in differences in their membrane receptors for staphylococcal opsonins. Once ingested, staphylococci are rapidly destroyed by oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent bactericidal mechanisms of the phagocytes. Small numbers of S. aureus may survive within the leukocyte. Special attention is focused on the numerous ways S. aureus is able to hinder, evade, and directly damage the phagocytic defense mechanisms of the host. PMID- 7245177 TI - Campylobacter isolation. PMID- 7245178 TI - [Lesions in slaughtered animals. II. Inflammation of the tail and embolic pneumonia in pigs (author's transl)]. AB - In 4,724 fattening pigs with inflammation of the tail and embolic pneumonia, a bacteriological examination was made in accordance with the Meat Inspection Regulations. The results of bacteriological examination were positive in 1,248 (26.4 per cent) of these animals. It is recommended consistently to make a bacteriological examination in animals showing these lesions. Any verdict by the inspector, other than condemnation, can only be rendered following bacteriological examination carried out in conformity with the Meat Inspection Regulations. PMID- 7245179 TI - [Uterine torsion in a cat]. PMID- 7245176 TI - An investigation into the epidemiology of Strongylidae infections in the horse in the Netherlands. PMID- 7245180 TI - DNA repair, H-2, and aging in NZB and CBA mice. AB - Current evidence suggests that a correlation exists between the capacity to perform excision repair of UV-induced DNA damage and maximum lifespan in different species. Preliminary evidence has also indicated differences of DNA repair capacities in lymphocytes of several strains of mice congenic at the H-2 locus. It is known that the H-2 system influences maximum lifespan potential in mice. In the present studies excision repair of UV-induced DNA damage, but not gamma-induced damage, was found to correlate the mean survival in the adult inbred mouse strains NZB and CBA, using PHA stimulated splenic lymphocytes. Furthermore, in (NZB X CBA)F2 hybrid with adult progeny the level of DNA repair of UV-induced damage corresponded to the H-2 allele (H-2d/2d from NZB or H-2b/2b from CBA) inherited from the parental strain. These studies suggest the possibility of a tricornered relationship between the main histocompatibility complex, one form of DNA repair, and lifespan within the species. PMID- 7245181 TI - Mysteries of the Amerindians. AB - Several South, Central and North American Indian populations have been characterized over the past 9 years. A summary is given here. Very few major antigens have been found, namely A2, A9, A28 and Aw31 and B5, B15, Bw16, Bw35 and B40. However, several known splits of these antigens have been identified, and new variants are also likely. Immunogenetic analyses of the Amerindians should be able to provide clues both to the origins of the Amerindian cultures and migrations of early man, and also provide new insights into the antigens and the loci of the MHC. PMID- 7245182 TI - Do alleles in linkage disequilibrium compensate for each other's disadvantageous effects? AB - When alleles from two different loci behave as independent factors it is possible to calculate the expected frequency of their joint occurrence. In the HLA system significant departures from expected haplotype frequencies occur. Thus antigen B8 occurs together with A1 or/and DR3 in about 95 cases out of 100 (the figure expected by chance is about 45 out of 100). In a similar manner the antigens A3, B7 and DR2 are found associated very much more often than expected by chance alone. The reasons for these observations are obscure, but Fischer (1930) and more recently Bodmer (Bodmer & Bodmer 1978) have argued that some form of natural selection is a major factor in the occurrence and maintenance of linkage disequilibrium. In the present study we show that individual alleles of the common haplotype A1-B8-DR3 can exert different effects as regards IgE levels. This may provide evidence that one of the contributory mechanisms leading to linkage disequilibrium involves selection against individuals having a harmful allele unless it is in association with another conferring compensatory effects. PMID- 7245183 TI - Health care financial objectives: what is appropriate? PMID- 7245184 TI - Are non-for-profit hospitals experiencing a revolution in capital sources? PMID- 7245185 TI - Credit evaluation of hospitals. PMID- 7245186 TI - Chemical profile of blood in fluoride toxicity. III. Plasma fibrinogen levels in rabbit. AB - Rabbits in two groups were given different doses of sodium fluoride i.e. low dose (10 mg NaF/kg body weight) and high dose (50 mg NaF/kg body weight). Blood was drawn from both groups on certain specific days after fluoride administration. The two different doses of sodium fluoride gave different response with regards to the fibrinogen levels in blood plasma. It is suggested that administration of low doses of sodium fluoride, induce new bone formation enhancing fibrinogen levels. But in high doses of sodium fluoride, moderate tissue damage results in high levels of plasma fibrinogen. PMID- 7245188 TI - [Therapeutic attitude in cyanide poisoning (author's transl)]. AB - According to experimental and clinical data, the present treatment of acute cyanide poisoning depends basically on: 1) Dicobaltetracemate in cases of occupational pathology to be given at the working area, to patients with giddiness or mental confusion, 2) Oxygen by assisted ventilation, associated to hydroxocobalamine and sodium thiosulfate, to be administered after admission (patients in coma or circulatory failure). Initial cardio-respiratory arrest requires immediate cardiac massage and assisted ventilation. The rapid cyanide metabolism makes useless the dialysis methods. Frequent complications as metabolic acidosis and acute pulmonary oedema respond to symptomatic treatment. If these therapeutic measures are rapidly applied in confirmed cyanide poisoning, the notion of lethal blood level should be reconsidered. Survivals have been observed with initial plasma levels of 6 mg/l. PMID- 7245189 TI - [Acute mercury vapour poisoning (author's transl)]. AB - Two persons, exposed to high concentration of mercury vapour in their home developed a few hours later febrile illness with interstitial pneumonitis and mercurial stomatitis. Symptomatic treatment was associated with dimercaprol (BAL) and steroids; an alveolar washing was performed to remove non-absorbed mercury in the respiratory three which seems to be responsible for the observed inflammatory reaction and, sometimes, the delayed development of fibrosis. A review of the literature revealed that such intoxications had been previously described in about 20 cases. Prognosis depends on the severity of the pulmonary lesions. Fatalities have been described in 9 cases (10%); in 8 cases the victims were young children or old people. An acute gingivo-stomatitis is generally observed. The onset of mercurial encephalopathy is an uncommon feature. Renal disturbances are exceptionally described and always mild. There is no correlation between the clinical condition of the patient and the levels of mercury in the urine. PMID- 7245187 TI - [Induction of sister chromatide exchange by trichloroethylene and its metabolites (author's transl)]. AB - The mutagenecity of trichloroethylene and its metabolites (trichloroethanol and chloral hydrate) have been tested by using the method of sister chromatide exchanges (SCE). We have found the increasing SCE in workers chronically exposed to trichloroethylene. The increasing of SCE was also observed when the human lymphocytes were exposed to trichloroethanol and chloral hydrate in vitro in certain concentrations. The all results of tests groups are compared with those of the control groups and the difference is statistically significant. PMID- 7245190 TI - Electroretinographic study of the white mouse intoxicated by organo-phosphorus: mevinphos and malathion. AB - Evidence is given that the organo-phosphates mevinphos and malathion perturb the retinal functioning of the white mouse by acting 1. directly on the photoreceptors; 2. by a synaptolytic effect due to the inhibition of cholinesterases; 3. likely by a damage of the bipolar and/or the ganglion neurones. PMID- 7245191 TI - Biliary excretion of vanadium in rats. AB - The biliary excretion of vanadium was studied in bile duct cannulated rats at various times after the iv administration of a single dose of 48V-labelled pentavalent vanadium. The tissue disposition, hepatic intracellular distribution and binding of 48V to plasma, bile and liver components were also investigated. During the first 6 hours after the injection of V, 0.9 to 30 microgram/kg, less than 2 per cent of the dose was excreted into the bile and up to 20 per cent of vanadium was eliminated in urine. The bile flow was markedly decreased in rats cannulated 24 hours after the injection of V, 30 microgram/kg, while higher doses produced signs of severe toxicity immediately after the administration. Evidence was also obtained that a concentration gradient triggers the passage of vanadium from plasma to the liver, where only a fractional amount becomes available from canalicular excretion, due to the extensive binding of the metal to organelles and other tissue ligands. PMID- 7245192 TI - Fluoride poisoning and the effect on collagen biosynthesis of osseus and non osseus tissues of rabbit. AB - Fluoride poisoning is known to cause a debilitating condition clinically referred to as Fluorisis. The present investigation on the experimental animal model has been carried out to collect information on the precise nature of fluoride action, with special reference to collagen biosynthesis. Rabbits subjected to Fluoride poisoning for varying time intervals were administered with carbon labelled proline. Both osseus and non-osseus tissues were analyzed to measure the rate of incorporation of labelled proline, and index for collagen biosynthesis. Part I of the article is dealing with 14C proline uptake by Hydrolyzed collagen (obtained by centrifugation at 5000 x g) and residual protein of tissues viz: Bone, Tendon, Muscle, Kidney cortex, Skin, Lung, Pinna and Trachea. Part II of the article is dealing with 14C proline uptake by different fraction of collagen Viz: collagenase digested fraction and separated by centrifugation at 9000 x g; native collagen fibril, acid soluble collagen, alkali soluble collagen and non collagenous protein. The results obtained in Part I, suggest that in Fluoride poisoning collagen biosynthesis has been greatly impaired both in osseus and non osseus tissues. This has been further confirmed by the results obtained in Part II of the investigation. PMID- 7245193 TI - The effect of brewed and instant coffee on reproduction and teratogenesis in the rat. PMID- 7245195 TI - Maternal and fetal blood/brain distribution of d-propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene in rat and dog. PMID- 7245194 TI - The influence of trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and creatinine on renal organic anion and cation transport in rat kidney tissue. PMID- 7245197 TI - Copper toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7245196 TI - Elastin turnover in murine lung after repeated ozone exposure. PMID- 7245199 TI - Modification of rat operant behavior by ozone exposure. PMID- 7245198 TI - The genotoxicity of 4,4'-methylenebis-2-chloroaniline in rat, mouse, and hamster hepatocytes. PMID- 7245201 TI - A lifetime study of rats and mice exposed to vapors of bis(chloromethyl)ether. PMID- 7245200 TI - The effects of orthophenylphenol, tris(2,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate, and cyclophosphamide on the immune system and host susceptibility of mice following subchronic exposure. PMID- 7245202 TI - Fetal toxicity of cadmium in the rat: decreased utero-placental blood flow. PMID- 7245203 TI - Chemical urolithiasis. 1. Characteristics of bladder stone induction by terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate in weanling Fischer-344 rats. PMID- 7245204 TI - Teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide metabolites: phosphoramide mustard, acrolein, and 4-ketocyclophosphamide in rat embryos cultured in vitro. PMID- 7245206 TI - Does the measurement of human metallothionein have any potential value in the assessment of cumulative cadmium exposure? PMID- 7245205 TI - Decrease in compressive strength of the femoral bone in rats administered stannous chloride for a short period. PMID- 7245208 TI - Investigations into the mechanism of paraquat toxicity utilizing a cell culture system. PMID- 7245207 TI - Inhalation toxicity of methyl n-amyl ketone (2-heptanone) in rats and monkeys. PMID- 7245209 TI - Effects of prenatal and lactational exposure to acrylamide on the development of intestinal enzymes in the rat. PMID- 7245210 TI - Altered hepatobiliary permeability induced by Amanita phalloides in the rat and the protective role of bile duct ligation. PMID- 7245211 TI - Alkylation of DNA in specific hepatic chromatin fractions following exposure to methylnitrosourea or dimethylnitrosamine. PMID- 7245212 TI - Enhanced liver DNA synthesis in partially hepatectomized rats pretreated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. PMID- 7245213 TI - Deposition and distribution of the total particulate matter of cigarette smoke in mice using a large-capacity smoke exposure system. PMID- 7245214 TI - [Toxicity of tin: action on the electrical and mechanical properties of the skeletal muscle fiber (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245215 TI - Embryotoxic effect of cadmium on rats upon oral administration. PMID- 7245217 TI - Potentiation of pyridoxine by depressants and anticonvulsants in the treatment of acute isoniazid intoxication in dogs. PMID- 7245216 TI - Acute and chronic dose/response effects of inhaled benzene on multipotential hematopoietic stem (CFU-S) and granulocyte/macrophage progenitor (GM-CFU-C) cells in CD-1 mice. PMID- 7245218 TI - The effect of diethylstilbestrol treatment on the metabolism and biliary excretion of [14C]phenytoin in the isolated perfused rat liver. PMID- 7245221 TI - Toxic effects in mouse and rat of rubescenslysin from Amanita rubescens. PMID- 7245219 TI - Effects of a 4-deoxyphorbol triester from the latex sap of Euphorbia biglandulosa Desf. on isolated spinach chloroplasts. PMID- 7245220 TI - Scorpion venoms and neurotoxins: an immunological study. PMID- 7245222 TI - Phospholipase A2 activity of notexin and its role in muscle damage. PMID- 7245223 TI - Source of carbohydrate in a toxic protein from Indian cobra (Naja naja naja) venom. PMID- 7245224 TI - Effect of molybdenum and copper on key enzymes of rat kidney with special reference to physiological antagonism. AB - Enzymological data on alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6 phosphatase, cholinesterase and lipase obtained in the kidney of rats, fed on molybdenum (Mo) and copper (Cu), are reported. Antagonistic or synergistic behaviour has been determined by feeding the rats simultaneously on these two metals. Molybdenum inhibited all other enzymes except acid phosphatase and lipase. Complete inhibition of alkaline phosphatase was recorded after copper treatment. The combined treatment with molybdenum and copper exhibited reversible enzyme changes, however, cholinesterase activity remained inhibited. PMID- 7245225 TI - Gel filtration of urine: a method to detect nephrotoxicity in rats. AB - Sephadex G-100 gel filtration of urine from male Wistar rats revealed 3 protein peaks: peak I (eluted with the void volume of the column), peak II (Mr between 67 000 and 43 000), and peak III (Mr about 13 700). Nephrotoxic compounds were given as a single i.p. injection. Peak I, and especially peak II were significantly increased in 24-h urine samples from rats receiving mercuric acetate (1.58 mg/kg), mercuric trifluoroacetate (MTFA) (2.22 mg/kg), sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate (EMTSA) (20.2 mg/kg), sodium tetrathionate (250 mg/kg), ammonium fluoride (18.5 mg/kg), paramomycin sulfate (800 mg/kg), ochratoxin A (5 mg/kg) and cis-platinum (4 mg/kg). It is concluded that gel filtration of urine can be used as a method to detect nephrotoxicity in rats. PMID- 7245226 TI - Effects of four bisphenolic antioxidants on prothrombin levels of rat plasma. AB - Male Sprague--Dawley rats were fed 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6 tert-butylphenol) or 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) at a level of 1.135 mmol/100 g in the diet for 1 week. The prothrombin and kaolin-partially thromboplastin time (PTT) indices were significantly decreased to 32% and 37% of control values in rats given 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol). A slight decrease in prothrombin index of rats given 4,4'-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6 tert-butylphenol) was also observed. PMID- 7245228 TI - Phalloidin hepatotoxicity in rats in vivo. Effect of a sympatholytic agent: propranolol. AB - Phalloidin, one of the main toxins of Amanita phalloides, induced hepatotoxicity in female Wistar rats at 0.9 mg/kg dose i.p. Biliary secretion was selectively inhibited after 3h, but was restored after 24 h. Phalloidin also induced a cytolytic lesion, but not a fatty liver, as in alpha-amanitin intoxication. Propranolol pretreatment (30 min prior to phalloidin injection) did not afford protection against hepatotoxicity, but increased alkaline phosphatase, 5' nucleotidase and aminotransferase activities. PMID- 7245229 TI - Incidence of brain tumors in rats fed aspartame. AB - The brain tumorigenicity of aspartame (APM) and of its diketopiperazine (DKP) was studied in 860 SCL Wistar rats. APM at dietary levels of 1 g/kg, 2 gK/, 4 g/kg or APM + DKP (3:1) 4 g/kg was fed for 104 weeks. One atypical astrocytoma was found in a control rat and 2 astrocytomas, 2 oligodendrogliomas and 1 ependymoma were scattered among the 4 test groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of brain tumors between control and test groups. It is concluded that neither AMP nor DKP caused brain tumors in rats in this study. PMID- 7245227 TI - Saccharin effects on the urinary physiology and urothelium of the rat when administered in diet or drinking water. AB - Three groups of 4 rats each were given 5% saccharin in the diet, 4% saccharin in the drinking water, or control diet, and were observed for changes in urinary physiology and pathology. Rats receiving saccharin in the water showed a significantly increased urinary osmolality over control values. Rats receiving saccharin in the diet showed significant increases in food and water consumption, urine elimination, and urinary sediment. Only the latter rats exhibited histopathological changes consisting of two instances of mild hyperplasia and one instance of mild cellular vacuolization. PMID- 7245231 TI - The acute toxicity of endosulfan to fresh-water organisms. AB - A static bioassay is performed for measuring the short-term (96 h) toxicity of endosulfan to juvenile catfish Clarias batrachus, insect nymph Enallagma sp. and frog tadpoles of Rana tigrina. Median Tolerance Limit, Slope Function, Confidence Limit, and Presumable Harmless Concentration were computed. The results showed that frog tadpoles are more susceptible to endosulfan than insect nymph and catfish. Morphological changes and behavioural alterations were evaluated as symptoms of endosulfan toxicity. PMID- 7245230 TI - Elimination pattern and biodistribution of [14C]chlorferron in rats. AB - Administration of [14C]chlorferron in a single oral dose of 0.5 and 20 mg/kg body weight to female rats resulted in a urinary excretion of greater than 74% of the given dose during the first 24 h. Approx. 8% of the dose was eliminated in faeces within 7 days. 7 days after dosing, very low levels of [14C]chlorferron-derived residues were detected in all analyzed organs. These findings indicated that chlorferron was absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract in appreciable quantities, but was rapidly excreted mainly via the urine with small amounts only in the faeces. PMID- 7245232 TI - Changes in relative levels of linoleate to arachidonate in erythrocyte phosphatidylcholine in rats fed ethanol and arachidonate. AB - Young male Sprague--Dawley rats were fed ad lib. for 4 weeks a liquid diet containing 34% of the calories as ethanol and 35% as fat (25 wt % linoleate). The ratio of the levels of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid (18:2/20:4) in erythrocyte phosphatidylcholine (PC) from alcohol-fed rats was greater than that from rats fed an isocaloric control diet. The increased 18:2/20:4 ratio in tissue lipids of animals ingesting ethanol is thought to be due to the reduced production of arachidonate from linoleate. In the present study we tested whether dietary arachidonate would mask the effects of alcohol on the 18:2/20:4 ratio in erythrocyte PC. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte PC of rats fed a diet supplemented with arachidonate showed that ethanol feeding did not alter the 18:2/20:4 ratio. PMID- 7245233 TI - Effects of saccharin on primary humoral antibody production in rats. AB - Rats for 25 to 54 days with diets containing high concentrations (1;2.5; 5%) of saccharin showed marked, dose-dependent suppression of primary humoral antibody production against heterologous erythrocytes. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced blastogenesis was not consistently affected by these saccharin-containing diets. PMID- 7245238 TI - The effect of controlled daily blood loss on the haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte count and reticulocyte count of male rats. AB - 0.2, 0.6 or 1 ml of blood was removed from rats once daily on 17 consecutive days. Haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte counts fell rapidly until day 7 or 9 and were reflected after day 2 by an increase in reticulocytes. From 9 to 17 there was little further change and 14 days after the last bleed the haematological results were within the normal range. The increase in haemoglobin production correlated well with the increase in reticulocyte numbers. PMID- 7245237 TI - Effect of methylmercury and inorganic mercury on the nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth in chick embryonic sensory ganglia. AB - Methylmercury inhibited the fiber outgrowth in chick embryonic sensory ganglia in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF) by 50% at 2 x 10(-6) M and completely depressed it at 5 x 10(-6) M. Whereas inorganic mercury completely inhibited the fiber outgrowth at 10(-4) M. The possible role of microtubules is discussed. PMID- 7245234 TI - Distribution of cadmium in heavily cadmium-accumulated rat liver cytosols: metallothionein and related cadmium-binding proteins. AB - Distribution profiles of cadmium (Cd) in the cytosols of livers prepared from repeatedly Cd-injected rats (3.0 mg Cd/kg body weight, 4 times a week for 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks) were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography with a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (HPLC-AAS). The accumulation of Cd and decrease of relative zinc (Zn) to Cd ratio in metallothionein were accompanied by the change of distribution profile of Cd in the cytosol fraction. Cd distributed to the heat-unstable high molecular weight proteins was assumed to be non-selectively bound free Cd and a toxic chemical form. Two kinds of heat stable Cd-binding proteins other than metallothionein increased with the accumulation of Cd; one was metallothionein dimers, and the other was thought to be Cd-binding proteins of shorter amino acid chain than metallothionein and related to metallothionein. PMID- 7245235 TI - Effects of 4-vinylcyclohexene and its main oxirane metabolite on mouse hepatic microsomal enzymes and glutathione levels. AB - When 4-vinylcyclohexene (VCHE) and 4-vinylcyclohexene monoxide (VCM) were administered to mice at 500 mg/kg, cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5, NADPH cytochrome c reductase and aminopyrine-N-demethylase and epoxide hydrolase were induced. Doses of 500 mg/kg of VCHE, VCM and 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide depleted rapidly hepatic reduced glutathione levels suggesting that glutathione is probably involved in the metabolism of VCHE. PMID- 7245236 TI - Morphological transformation, sister chromatid exchange and mutagenesis assay of betel constituents. AB - Betel quid, a masticatory widely used in Sri Lanka, consists of Jaffna tobacco, the nuts and leaves of betel plants and calcium hydroxide. An ethyl acetate extract of Jaffna tobacco induced morphological transformation of hamster embryo cells. The extract also induced sister chromatid exchanges inn virally transformed and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human lymphocytes. The induction of sister chromatid exchanges was potentiated by addition of rat liver homogenate. The extract did not induce ouabain-resistant mutation of V79 cells. Extracts of betel nuts and leaves gave negative results in assay of morphological transformation, sister chromatid exchange and mutagenesis. PMID- 7245239 TI - Behavior of inorganic mercury and selenium in insoluble fractions of rabbit tissues after simultaneous administration. AB - The existing states of mercury and selenium in the insoluble fractions of perfused rabbit liver and kidney were studied by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 at 24 h after i.v. injection of mercuric chloride and/or sodium selenite. After simultaneous injection of mercuric chloride and selenite, both mercury and selenium existed in a high-molecular weight (HMW) fraction of the liver-insoluble fraction at a molar ratio of 1:1, there was little change in gel filtration pattern of the kidney-insoluble fraction. Equimolar amounts of mercury and selenium existed in each subcellular fraction of rabbit liver. Most of the mercury and selenium accumulated in the rabbit liver, not only those in the soluble fraction but also those in the insoluble fraction, appeared to co-exist in the HMW fraction at a molar ratio of 1:1 at 24 h after simultaneous administration. PMID- 7245240 TI - Thymic atrophy in mice induced by cadmium administration. AB - The effects of cadmium (Cd) on the immune organs were examined histopathologically. On 2 or 3 days after a single i.p. injection of 1.8 mg Cd/kg body weight into mice, slight loss of body weight, significant decrease of thymus weight and marked increase of spleen weight were observed. Lymph node weight did not show any change. Histopathologically, cortical atrophy of the thymus was very marked. The white pulp of the spleen tended to diminish in size any many polymorphonuclear leukocytes and myeloid cells appeared in the red pulp. PMID- 7245241 TI - Acetaldehyde penetrates the blood-liquor barrier of goats. AB - Goats received ethanol or acetaldehyde via carotid arterial infusions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was sampled for a lateral cerebral ventricle and blood from a jugular vein. Ethanol infusions produced only negligible levels of acetaldehyde in blood and CSF, but acetaldehyde infusions resulted in high levels. In contrast to ethanol, acetaldehyde was rapidly eliminated from both blood and CSF after discontinuing the infusion. The results indicate that even small amounts of acetaldehyde easily penetrate the blood-liquor barrier of goats. PMID- 7245242 TI - Presence of cadmium in the saliva of adult male workers. AB - Samples of mixed saliva were collected from 16 workers exposed to cadmium dusts and fumes and 19 unexposed co-workers. Samples of total blood and plasma were also obtained. Cadmium (Cd) was measured by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. Cd was found in higher concentrations in saliva than in blood. The concentration of Cd in saliva was markedly elevated in exposed subjects; the difference was less important in blood. Smokers had more Cd in their blood than non-smokers, but this was not the case for saliva. In vitro studies measuring uptake of Cd by slices of rat submaxillary gland indicated that movement of the metal occurs passively. PMID- 7245244 TI - Metabolism of 1,3-dibromopropane. AB - Oral administration of 1,3-dibromopropane (2 mmol/kg) to rats resulted in a marked decrease in the level of hepatic glutathione (GSH). Sulphur-containing [14C]-metabolites were excreted in the bile of rats dose with 1,3 bromo[14C]propane and were subjected to enterohepatic cycling. After an oral dose of 1,3-dibromo[14C]propane, peak levels of radioactivity were rapidly attained in the blood and were maintained for several hours; approximately equal amounts of radioactive material were excreted in urine and expired air. Several radioactive metabolites were excreted in urine; a major metabolite was N-acetyl-S-[1-bromo-3 propyl]-cysteine. PMID- 7245243 TI - Isolated and combined effects of pesticides on serum transaminases in Mystus vittatus (African catfish). AB - Alterations in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels of Mystus vittatus (African catfish) after exposure to subacute concentrations of thiotox (T), dichlorvos (D), and carbofuran (C) and their combinations C/T (antagonistic), T/D (additive) and (T + D)/C (synergistic) for a period of 30 days have been investigated. Alterations were more evident in SGOT than in SGPT. Maximum (92.5%) elevation was observed with SGOT at the highest concentration of (T + D)/C combination and the lowest (14.76%) at the lowest concentration of T/D combination. Significant (P less than 0.05) stimulation was observed except at the lowest concentration after all treatments. PMID- 7245245 TI - Effects of four bisphenolic antioxidants on lipid contents of rat liver. AB - Hepatic lipids were studied in Sprague-Dawley male rats given, 2,2' methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) or 4,4' methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) at a level of 1.135 mmol% for 1 week. 4,4' Butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) induced fatty liver and increased triglyceride, diglyceride and cholesteryl-ester concentrations, 7.1-, 5.8- and 6.1-fold, respectively. Plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol and non esterified fatty acids were markedly decreased. It would appear that the fatty liver resulted mainly from defective fat excretion from the liver. The other bisphenols produced a little change in liver lipids. PMID- 7245246 TI - The effects of age on tumour induction in C57BL mice using 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. AB - Adult (6-8 months) and aged (22-24 months) male C57BL/Icrf at mice were given 8.25 or 12.25 mg 1,2-dimethylhydrazine(DMH)/kg weekly s.c. and groups of 4 animals autopsied after 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 or 36 treatments. No age difference was found in the development or appearance of large bowel tumours. Abnormal glands, not found less than 150 mg DMH/kg, preceded polyps and adenocarcinomas which occurred greater than 300 mg/kg. Treated mice showed hepatic cell damage, and biliary hyperplasia developed after 20 weeks. Seven haemangiosarcomas of the urogenital tract and 2 perianal carcinomas occurred in 11 adult mice surviving greater than 24 weeks at 12.5 mg/kg: no haemangiosarcomas but 1 perianal carcinoma occurred in 4 remaining mice in the equivalent aged group. Ileal amyloid was present in the old mice. PMID- 7245247 TI - Changes of essential metal levels in lungs of rats acutely exposed to ozone. AB - Male Wistar rats were exposed to 2 ppm ozone (O3) for 4, 8, and 12 h. Wet and dry weights and water content of the lung increased with exposure time. The changes of six essential metal contents in the lung were simultaneously determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The contents of calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) increased progressively. Copper (Cu) content showed a significant increase after exposure for 8 h. Iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) contents showed significant increases at 4 and 12 h, respectively. Zinc (Zn) showed no significant increases at any exposure times. PMID- 7245248 TI - Carcinoma of the perianal gland and associated structures in 1,2 dimethylhydrazine treated mice. AB - Male C57BL/Icrf alpha t mice receiving long courses of weekly subcutaneous injections of 8.25 or 12.5 mg/kg, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) developed perianal carcinomas as well as tumours at other sites. Tumours of the perianal gland or its associated hair root sheath and overlying skin included sebaceous gland adenocarcinomas, often with squamous metaplasia, analogous to those in the rat ear, and dysplasia, polyp formation and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Of 152 mice treated, 88 remained after 30 injections, and 10 out of a total of 14 tumours developed after 30 treatments. Perianal SCC without definite perianal gland association developed in 2 other animals. PMID- 7245249 TI - Effects of dimethylnitrosamine on some actions of testosterone. AB - Using homogenates of mouse kidney and testes, the activities of the enzymes, beta glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase, were studied as markers of androgen action. The results obtained differed between testes and kidney homogenates. Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) may cause a competitive inhibition of the anabolic action of testosterone in kidney homogenates but this was not evident from the results obtained with testes homogenates. PMID- 7245251 TI - An assessment of the fibrogenic potential of two refractory fibres by intraperitoneal injection in rats. AB - Two commercially available grades of the refractory fibre SAFFIL were administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection and the tissue reaction was compared. Although the fibres differed considerably in surface properties and porosity the tissue reactions were identical and consisted of a mild chronic inflammatory response with a small amount of collagen present. The reaction was quite distinct from the marked fibrosis induced by chrysotile asbestos. As the reaction to all fibres tested had stabilised after 6 months, a longer observation period is unnecessary. PMID- 7245250 TI - Protective effect of methionine against vinyl chloride-mediated depression of non protein sulphydryls and cytochrome p-450. AB - Potentiality of a protective effect of methionine against hepatotoxic action of vinyl chloride (VC) was assessed on rats, induced with phenobarbital and thereafter exposed to 50 000 ppm VC for 5 h. This extremely high dosage of VC warranted the appearance of drastic symptoms of liver injury in the course of 20 h postexposure. DL-Methionine in a dose of 1 g/kg given by gavage prior to the VC exposure counteracted both the BC-provoked depletion of non-protein sulphydryls and destruction of cytochrome P-450 in the liver. In the methionine-pretreated rats the phenobarbital-induced synthesis of microsomal proteins in the livers was maintained during the post-exposure period, contrary to the non-pretreated animals. It may be justified to apply methionine as a prophylactic agent in cases of occupational exposure to VC. PMID- 7245252 TI - Effects of long-term lead exposure on monkey leukocyte chromosomes. AB - Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca irus) received daily doses of 1 or 5 mg of lead for a period of 12 months. Samples of venous blood were taken at 0, 7, 9 and 12 months, and cultured lymphocytes were analysed for the presence of chromosome aberrations. A few severe chromosome aberrations, such as dicentrics or translocations, appeared in the control animals as well as in the lead-treated ones, during the course of the experiment. However, lead treatment increased significantly the frequency of chromosome and chromatid gaps, and this result is in agreement with other previous results. PMID- 7245254 TI - Distillery waste toxicity: metabolic dysfunctioning in nine freshwater teleosts. AB - An inverse relationship was recorded between the concentrations of distillery waste (5, 10, 15, 20 ppm) and liver and muscle glycogen depletion of the fish studied. Serum glucose and lactate levels rose with increased industrial effluent concentrations. Changes were more marked in major carp species than in catfish or murrels. The effect of effluent addition upon water quality is recorded. PMID- 7245253 TI - Effects of synthetic detergents on in vivo activity of tissue phosphatases and succinic dehydrogenase from Mystus vittatus. AB - African catfish (Mystus vittatus) were exposed to three sub-lethal concentrations of Swascofix E45 (13.8, 9.2 and 4.6 mg/l) and Swascol 3L (69.3, 46.2 and 23.1 mg/l) for 15 and 30 days, and their effects on alkaline and acid phosphatase, and succinic dehydrogenase in liver, kidney and intestine were measured. The enzymes were found to be inhibited in all the tissues. Maximum inhibition (38.44%) was observed in liver alkaline phosphatase activity after 30 days with the highest concentration of Swascofix E45 and the lowest inhibition (0.118%) was found in kidney acid phosphatase activity with the lowest concentration of Swascol 3L after 15 days. Insignificant enzyme stimulation in some cases was also observed. PMID- 7245255 TI - Mercury toxicity: biochemical and physiological alterations in nine freshwater teleosts. AB - Nine fish species subjected to various concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20 ppm) of mercuric nitrate for 4.5 h. The relationship between the concentrations of mercuric nitrate and the fall in renal glycogen was inverse. There was an elevation in liver and muscle glycogen at 5 ppm mercury. Brain glycogen increased to less than 10 ppm and then decreased. Glucose and lactate levels increased with increasing concentration of mercury, and muscle, liver, kidney and brain glycogen decreased. The effects were more marked in major carp than in the other species. PMID- 7245257 TI - Human bone marrow contains fibroblast colony forming cells. AB - In a liquid culture of human bone marrow, the development of fibroblast colonies begins to take place on day 4. Twenty per cent fetal calf serum is used as the stimulus for fibroblast colony growth. Human bone marrow contains 47 +/- 4 fibroblasts colonies per 2 X 10(5) nucleated cells plated. Bone marrow fibroblast cultures using agar or methylcellulose restrict colony formation. This fibroblast culture method may be useful for pathognomonic and clinical studies in hematological disorders. PMID- 7245256 TI - Mitochondrial space in rat skeletal muscles with long-term injection of steroid hormone. PMID- 7245258 TI - Hematemesis and melena: gastric ulcer. AB - Differences in distribution of age, hemoglobin values, location and number of ulcers, activities of gastric secretion, associated conditions, treatment and prognoses between bleeding and non-bleeding gastric ulcer patients were studied. The ages of bleeding patients were distributed more widely than those of non bleeding patients and the number of patients over 70 years of age was greater in bleeding patients than in non-bleeding patients. Associated conditions of bleeding patients were more serious than those of non-bleeding patients and some bleeding patients showed coagulation disorders. Fifteen out of 17 bleeding patients were treated and well controlled surgically, and seven out of 62 bleeding patients who were treated medically died. In this study, the exact cause which made the difference between bleeding ulcers and non-bleeding ulcers could not be found. Bleeding ulcer patients with associated conditions did not always die directly from bleeding, but the bleeding decreased their general condition and, as a result, they died. Therefore, surgical treatment is the first choice in these patients if their conditions will tolerate such treatment. PMID- 7245260 TI - A simple and inexpensive dry ice container for paraffin sectioning. PMID- 7245261 TI - [The influence of fractionation on the survival of patients following primary irradiation of bronchial carcinomas (author's transl)]. AB - 153 patients with a local carcinoma limited to the thoracic region underwent irradiation with weekly doses of 1 x 5.0 Gy TD, 2 x 5.0 Gy TD, 4 x 2.5 or 5 x 2.0 Gy TD up to a total dose of generally 60.0 Gy TD. Collectives comparable in view of stages and histology did not show significant differences in 3-year survival rates, though a tendency toward low doses was recognizable. PMID- 7245259 TI - Cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow and peripheral blood samples stored in fixative for several years. AB - We have developed a method which improves the spreading of chromosomes and permits banding analysis of cytogenetic samples of bone marrow and unstimulated peripheral blood which have been stored in fixative for up to 15 years. Metaphase cells had been harvested as usual and stored in fixative (acetic acid:methanol 1:3) at -15 C. The procedure includes 4-5 changes of fixative (acetic acid:ethanol 1:1). Next, cells are dropped onto a chilled, wet slide. The back of the slide is then rinsed with 70% ethanol and dried by ignition. C-, G-, Q-, or R banding patterns can new be obtained with these specimens. The procedure is useful for reinvestigation of cytogenetic sample that were obtained prior to the development of banding techniques. PMID- 7245262 TI - [Methodical and critical analysis of the determination of target volumes in case of hypopharyngeal and epiglottic tumors and the adaptation of the dose distribution to their dimensions.--Part 1 (author's transl)]. AB - After having discussed the problem of optimization with regard to the dose distribution in space, the authors enter into the particulars of the classification of hypopharyngeal and epiglottic tumors according to the TNM system. Taking into consideration the communications of literature and the cases of the Radiologic Hospital of the University of Heidelberg, the authors describe the clinical manifestations of these tumors, their histology, their distribution to age and sex, their symptomatology and time of anamnesis as well as the therapeutic results. PMID- 7245264 TI - [Methodical and critical analysis of the determination of target volumes in case of hypopharyngeal and epiglottic tumors and the adaptation of the dose distribution to their dimensions - Part 3 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245265 TI - A small-scale neutron dosimetry intercomparison between Essen, Amsterdam and Edinburgh. AB - An intercomparison of neutron dose measurements was made at Essen by visiting groups from Amsterdam and Edinburgh to compare measurements of the neutron and photon absorbed doses in a phantom in the neutron beam. An intercomparison of the photon calibration of the tissue-equivalent chambers was also made. Differences in the measurements of total absorbed dose in the neutron beam of up to 4.7% were observed. These were consistent with the observed differences in the photon calibrations. A summary is given of the different calibration methods used by each group. Greater discrepancies (up to 18%) were seen in the measurement of the photon contribution to the absorbed dose in the neutron beam and these were in part due to insufficient shielding of the GM counter from thermal neutrons. PMID- 7245263 TI - [Methodical and critical analysis of the determination of target volumes in case of hypopharyngeal and epiglottic tumors and the adaption of the dose distribution to their dimensions - Part 2 (author's transl)]. AB - Seventy-five patients with a hypopharynx or epiglottis carcinoma were treated between 1954 and 1974 at the Radiologic Hospital of the University of Heidelberg. The clinical study of these cases provides a survey of the extension and formation of metastases of these tumors. This allows to establish empirically justified target volumes for hypopharyngeal and epiglottic tumors. PMID- 7245266 TI - [Possibilities to improve the adaptation quality of calculated material substitutes (author's transl)]. AB - In calculating the composition of material substitutes by a system of simultaneous equations it is possible, by using a so called quality index, to find out of the set of solutions which generally exists that solution which possesses the best adaptation quality. Further improvement is often possible by describing coherent scattering and photoelectric interaction by an own material parameter for each effect. The exact formulation of these quantities as energy independent functions is, however, impossible. Using a set of attenuation coefficients at suitably chosen energies as coefficients for the system of equations the best substitutes are found. The solutions for the investigated example are identical with the original relative to its chemical composition. Such solutions may be of use in connection with neutrons, protons, heavy ions and negative pions. The compounds taken into consideration must, of course, permit such solutions. These facts are discussed in detail by two examples. PMID- 7245267 TI - Correction of a measured distribution for the finite extension of the detector. AB - Simple analytic expressions have been derived for the correction of a measured distribution for the finite extension of the detector in use. The expressions are simple to apply as they are only based on the actually measured data and on the size of the detector. The expressions are applied to two situations encountered in radiation dosimetry. PMID- 7245268 TI - [A device for cutting and milling of styrodur for the use in radiation therapy (author's transl)]. AB - A device for the hand-operated or numerically programmed cutting and milling of styrodur-molds has been designed in order to cast diaphragms and compensation bodies for radiation therapy. This process is quickly performed, reproducible and accomplished with maximal precision. The technique employed for cutting and milling is functioning without susceptibility to trouble, is nearly independent of attendance and distinctly reduces the risk of lesions. PMID- 7245269 TI - [New standard for therapy dosimeters]. PMID- 7245270 TI - [Influence of adriamycin upon the radiation effect on Chinese hamster cells (author's transl)]. AB - During combined treatment of Chinese hamster cells in vitro with adriamycin and irradiation, there appear interactions between the two treatment modalities, V79 cells showing interaction in an additive sense, B14 cells in the sense of synergistic interaction. The capacity for interaction can persist for a long while, and even may be transmitted to the offspring of surviving cells. Treatment with adriamycin does not influence the fractionation effect or the recovery from sublethal radiation damage in the case of following fractionated irradiation. PMID- 7245271 TI - [Reoxygenation in a transplantable murine fibrosarcoma (author's transl)]. AB - The fibrosarcoma SSK31 was irradiated under ambient or hypoxic conditions either acutely or at various intervals after a priming dose of 13 Gy. The absence of local recurrences was determined. The hypoxic fraction and the time course of reoxygenation were calculated on the basis of a comparison of the cure curves. PMID- 7245275 TI - [Combined treatment of non-small cell carcinoma of the lung with radiotherapy and moderate whole-body hyperthermia (author's transl)]. AB - Nine patients suffering from non oat cell carcinoma bronchial carcinomas were treated with extended-field irradiations. The treatment was executed under the conditions of whole-body hyperthermia. All patients had inoperable but not yet disseminated carcinomas, seven among them a squamous cell carcinoma and two an undifferentiated carcinoma. The hyperthermia was produced by a Siemens cabin (chamber of Pomp) with preheated air of 55 to 60 degrees C and a radio frequency of 27 MHz, 400 W. A temperature of body cavities of 40 to 40.5 degrees C was reached within 40 to 60 minutes. Fifteen minutes after having reached this temperature, the patient was irradiated. The nominal standard dose of 18 to 18.5 Gy was fractioned into three times three Gy per week. Three to thirteen single doses were combined with whole-body hyperthermia. The initial tumor regression seemed increased. One patient became operable; he was submitted to pneumonectomy. All patients showed partial remissions. Compared to radiotherapy alone, there is no improvement of remission period and survival time until now. Better results could possibly be reached by an additional systemic chemotherapy. PMID- 7245273 TI - [Clinical manifestations and therapy of dysgerminomas (author's transl)]. AB - Due to improved graduated surgery techniques and large-field radiotherapy applied in all cases, the ovarial dysgerminoma has become a disease showing a high rate of recoveries. Under consideration of their own medical records, the authors present the relevant epidemiologic and clinical parameters, establish a diagnosis programme and develop a therapeutic concept which also wants to take into account the individual requirements of patients regarding their age and their prognosis. PMID- 7245274 TI - [Results of radiation therapy in malignant hypopharyngeal tumors--a retrospective evaluation of 50 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Fifty cases with malignant tumors of the hypopharynx having been irradiated with cobalt-60 at the Radiological Clinic of the Kiel University between 1965 and 1979 are reported. The cumulative 10-year survival rate amounted to 16%. Age and sex, the histology and mode of growth as well as the stage (mostly III or IV) and the primary site of the tumor had no prognostic significance, whereas the tumor response to treatment proved decisive to the prognosis: of the cases clinically revealing complete regression of the tumor, 32% could finally be regarded as cured. Using sole radiation therapy it was possible to obtain total regression of the tumor in 72% with doses between 1500 and 1650 ret, and in 84% with doses between 1651 and 1800 ret. All the patients with clinically incomplete tumor regression deceased within a year. PMID- 7245272 TI - [The influence of corneal stratum hydratation on the chronological development of acute ultraviolet injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245276 TI - [The wants of information of out-patients undergoing irradiation for malignant neoplasm (author's transl)]. AB - In the course of final check-up, after a series of irradiations, the remarks of 80 patients have been recorded. The want of information was expressed by 74% Stage I-II patients were primarily interested in the results of medical examination and hoped for cure, whereas depressive reactions and anxiousness were found more frequently in stage III-IV, but the intention not to abandon hope and the desire for detailed information were also existent. Prognosis, anxiousness and fear of death are discussed, in general, not earlier than after several meetings, the question of the prognosis particularly being important to patients under 50. Special characteristics of the correlation physician-patient in the case of radiation treatment are interpreted considering the role adopted by the patient and his response to cancerous disease. PMID- 7245277 TI - [The target volume concept at the recording of external beam radiotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245278 TI - [Description of the dose distribution in the radiation field of a teletherapy unit with Co-60 (author's transl)]. AB - Equations are given for the calculation of dose distributions for teletherapy with Co-60. The distribution of primary radiation in the penumbral region is derived approximately from geometrical data of the source and diaphragm. Empirical formulas are given for the distribution of scattered radiation and for the tissue-air ratio. Constants in the equations were taken from measurements. The influences of source-skin distance, tissue depth, field size, angle of incidence, and penumbra trimmers are taken into account. Nevertheless the calculations do not exceed the capacity of a desk-top computer. PMID- 7245279 TI - [Calculation of rotating field isodose lines without spike artefacts (author's transl)]. AB - When rotating fields are calculated by addition of a series of fixed fields, the resulting isodose lines often show spike artefacts. To avoid these, the fixed fields can be substituted by real rotating field increments. Significant differences between fixed fields and rotating field increments are found only in the penumbral region, where the smearing effect of the rotation makes the slope less steep. A method is introduced for the calculation of dose distributions in rotating field increments using a "smeared penumbral function". PMID- 7245280 TI - Three-dimensional dose-rate distribution of X-ray beams of linac neptun 10p and gamma-rays from Co-60 gammatron 80S for rectangular fields. AB - A method of calculation of the three-dimensional dose-rate distribution for X rays of Linac Neptun 10p and gamma-rays of Gamma-tron 80S is presented. The experimental results show that the profiles function defined as the relative dose rate across the radiation beam is useful for this purpose, and it is sufficient to determine the profile function only at one depth and for one field size. The results of measurements are presented on the graphs. PMID- 7245281 TI - [Reduced reaction of the skin by using a 0.1 mm polyethylene foil during the x ray treatment of the human skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245282 TI - Modifications to improve the radiation field symmetry of the Philips RT-305 therapy machine. PMID- 7245283 TI - [Dose investigations of a surface treatment with Au-198 seeds (author's transl)]. AB - For targets situated on or below the surface of the body, the radiation therapy, successfully practiced up to now, can be improved. Au-198-Seeds are positioned as a two dimensional network. To do this a standard method including the needed dosimetry, has been developed. The parameters necessary, like homogeneity, deep dose curves and exposure time, are written out in diagrams. Additional hints are given to ensure the radiation protecture. PMID- 7245286 TI - The preparation of amino bile acid derivatives. AB - Bile acid derivatives have been prepared by reaction of their mixed anhydrides with diaminoethane. The new compounds have side chains modified by amide bond formation which extends the side chain by two carbon atoms and terminates in a primary amino group. Important properties of the new compounds are their solubility in acid, and their ability to act as nucleophiles in the carbodiimide reaction or mixed anhydride reaction. The derivatives have been used to prepare high molar ratio immunogens with bovine serum albumin and to prepare 125I labelled ligands for radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7245284 TI - Heterocyclic steroids-part X: total synthesis of 12, 15-bisthia-1, 3, 5, (10), 6, 8, 13 (14)-gonahexaen-17-one. PMID- 7245285 TI - Regio and stereospecific synthesis of 11 beta-substituted 19-norsteroids. Influence of 11 beta-substitution on progesterone receptor affinity - (1). PMID- 7245287 TI - Glucosiduronidation and esterification of androsterone by human breast tumors in vitro. AB - The metabolism of 3H-androsterone was studied in homogenates (fortified with uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid and adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate) of eighteen breast tumors, one muscle underlying the primary breast carcinoma and metastatic axillary lymph nodes from a patient with suspected primary breast cancer. The major metabolites identified were less polar than androsterone. On saponification these lipoidal derivatives afforded androsterone as the only product (3 to 48%). Unmetabolized androsterone and lesser quantities of epiandrosterone, 5 alpha-androstane- alpha, 17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstane 3,17-dione comprised the free steroid fraction. Androsterone glucosiduronate was isolated (0.17-4.1%) from weight breast tumor homogenates and from the node tissue incubation (17%). There was no apparent correlation between glucuronyltransferase activity and histopathology or estrogen receptor content. PMID- 7245289 TI - Totally synthetic steroid heterocycles. Part X. synthesis of racemic A-nor-3,16 dithia- and 2-methyl-A-nor-3-oxa-16-thia-D-homo-1,5(10),8,14-estratetraen-17 alpha-ols. PMID- 7245288 TI - Development of an [3H] glucocorticoid exchange assay in rat liver cytosol. AB - An exchange assay for the assessment of glucocorticoid binding sites both free and steroid bound, in rat liver cytosol has been developed. The procedure, which is straight forward and noncumbersome involves the utilization of two sulfhydryl interacting agents, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and dithiothreitol. The former in low concentration dissociates the steroid from the glucocorticoid receptor complex in relatively short time. The latter regenerates, quite rapidly and with good yield, the glucocorticoid binding activity of the receptor treated with the mercurial compound. The high recovery (99%) of the hormone binding activity of the receptor may be due to the few steps involved in the procedure. The exchange assay when applied to a physiological experimental situation was found to be valid and gave a true measure of total receptor content in rat hepatic cytosolic preparations. PMID- 7245290 TI - Progesterone regulation of estrogen receptor in the rat uterus: a primary inhibitory influence on the nuclear fraction. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term effects of progesterone action on estrogen receptor (Re) levels in the rat uterus. Ovariectomized, adrenalectomized rats were maintained on subcutaneous Silastic implants containing crystalline estradiol. Progesterone treatment with serum estradiol maintenance caused a rapid decrease (within 4 h) of total Re, attributable to loss of nuclear Re without a significant change in cytosol Re levels. Removal of estradiol implants resulted in an increase in total Re and cytosol Re at all time periods studied without a significant decrease in nuclear Re until 8 h. Combined estradiol withdrawal and progesterone treatment resulted in lower total Re levels and a more rapid decrease in nuclear Re than with estradiol withdrawal alone. These results demonstrate that progesterone rapidly and selectively decreases nuclear Re levels in rat uterus and suggest that this process is not dependent on cytosol Re or serum estradiol levels. PMID- 7245291 TI - Progress in cerebrovascular disease. Management of cerebral aneurysm. AB - The primary effort of neurosurgery over the past two or three decades has been to deal effectively with cerebral aneurysms surgically. Concomitantly with aggressive medical treatment, considerable progress has occurred in the prevention of early rebleeding and the treatment of the ischemic syndrome, the most serious features of the natural history of a ruptured aneurysm. The major problem now becoming evident is that in spite of this progress, the majority of patients are not seen by physicians and there has been only a small impact on the overall morbidity. It is dismaying to realize that many patients go unrecognized, at least until a massive brain-destroying hemorrhage has occurred. Only a small fraction of the patients are seen after the initial bleed when the greatest therapeutic reward would occur. The challenge for the future, then, will be the early recognition of the initial bleeding, the warning bleeding. It will require public education about the problem in a continuing fashion, as well as continuing emphasis on it for students and physicians. The potential for prevention of death or dreadful disability is large for thousands in the prime of life each year. While delayed surgery is safe, a significant amount of rebleeding and ischemia with vasospasm still occur, resulting in an unsatisfactory overall morbidity. A collaborative study is desirable to determine with sufficient patients whether very early modern operation in many hands will reduce this morbidity. PMID- 7245293 TI - Subarachnoid hemorrhage in middle-Finland: incidence, early prognosis and indications for neurosurgical treatment. AB - The incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in Middle-Finland 1976-78 was 19.4/100,000/year. The incidence increased consistently with age. The early prognosis was similar to that in earlier studies, with 25% dying on the first day, and 49% during the first 3 months after the initial bleeding. The fatality rate decreased sharply after the bleeding: of all deaths during the first 3 months, the weekly fatality rate was 65% during the 1st week, 12% during the 2nd, and 4% during the 3rd. Thereafter the weekly fatalities up to 3 months averaged 1.6%. Only 20% of the patients of the entire series were assessed as being eligible for neurosurgical treatment. Intercurrent fatal rebleeds further reduced this number. The chances of increasing the number of SAH patients suitable for neurosurgery are discussed. The timing of surgery should be earlier than in the present study (median 15 days after the bleeding) in order to avoid frequently fatal recurrences. Vertebral angiograms should be obtained from patients with no aneurysms found by bilateral carotid angiography. The upper age limit of 60 years should be abolished. By these means the proportion of SAH patients potentially eligible for neurosurgery could be increased to about 40%. PMID- 7245292 TI - Accuracy of bedside diagnosis in stroke. AB - The clinical diagnosis of the type of acute cerebrovascular diseases is often considered unreliable, although this has not been validated prospectively in representative patients. The accuracy of bedside diagnostics was, therefore, tested in 206 patients consecutively admitted to the Stroke Unit of the Serafimerlasarettet in Stockholm. Bedside diagnosis turned out to be correct in 69%. In 24% the diagnoses were altered after hospital investigation and in the remaining 7% no defined preliminary and/or final diagnosis could be made. When the diagnoses were considered "fairly certain" they were accurate in 87%, compared to 53% when regarded as only "probable". The diagnostic accuracy improved during the period studied. Sensitivity in identifying hemorrhages was much lower (39%) than for cerebral infarctions (83%). It is suggested that new investigational methods should be compared with what can be accomplished with bedside methods alone. PMID- 7245295 TI - Long-term outcome in cerebrovascular disease in relation to findings at aortocervical angiography. A 12-year follow up. AB - The natural history of cerebrovascular disease (CBVD) was evaluated in 169 non treated patients followed for at least 12 years after aortocervical angiography. The outcome was related to type and location of atherosclerotic changes in the neck vessels. At the time of angiography, 108 patients had completed strokes, 20 had transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), and 41 had angiography for reasons other than acute CBVD. In patients with stroke, non-stenotic lesions as well as stenoses/occlusions were associated with a better long-term survival when they affected the vertebral territory than when the carotid arteries were involved. Patients with normal angiograms had no better prognosis than those with non stenotic atherosclerosis. Only 2 of 12 deaths in patients with lesions in the vertebral artery were caused by cerebrovascular accidents. In all other groups (normal, carotid lesions only, changes in both carotid and vertebral arteries) the majority of deaths were attributed to CBVD. Rates of recurrent stroke were relatively low in patients with changes in the vertebral arteries and in subjects with non-stenotic lesions in one carotid artery. Intermediate rates were observed when the angiograms were normal, high rates when compound lesions had been demonstrated at angiography. Results show that in patients with stroke the location of atherosclerotic changes to different vessel territories appears to predict the clinical course better than the extent of the lesion(s). No specific angiographic finding was associated with a high initial and a low rate of stroke recurrencies. Therefore, drug therapy to prevent recurrent stroke must probably be life-long in all patients with CBVD not treated by surgery. PMID- 7245296 TI - Hemodynamic and clinicopathologic verification of a stroke model in the dog. AB - Twenty-five mongrel dogs had intracranial internal carotid and proximal middle cerebral artery occlusions. The animals were followed for one week and subsequently sacrificed. This method of clipping produced a mean drop in cortical cerebral blood flow of 48.4% as measured by the 85Kr washout technique. Cerebral blood flow was not affected by the brain retraction necessary for clip placements. Mortality in the first week was 16% and neurological deficits were observed in 73% of the animals. Infarction was present in 80% of the animals, and the mean percent infarction of the affected hemisphere was 17.00 +/0 3.98SE. This is a useful stroke model in an animal which is easily available, inexpensive, and suitable for microvascular intracranial surgery research. PMID- 7245294 TI - Are prostaglandins involved in experimental ischemic edema in gerbils? AB - Sixty-five male gerbils, divided into 3 groups, were used in this study, in which focal brain specific gravity, taken as a measure of edema, was compared to the corresponding focal cerebral blood flow using the hydrogen washout technique. Extracranial unilateral or bilateral carotid ligation was performed and one hour later the animal was sacrificed. When focal blood flow was less than 20 ml/100 g/min, edema developed and increased with progressive ischemia, reaching maximal values at 5-7 ml/100 g/min. In the zero flow situation there was no edema. Pretreatment of the other 2 groups with indomethacin or dexamethasone, did not prevent edema formation at flows of 20-12 ml/200 g/min, but considerably reduced the edema previously noted at low flows (5-7 ml/100 g/min). The drugs did not affect the decreased flow in the ischemic area. We conclude that prostaglandins, released by membrane disruption, are involved in the development of ischemic edema. PMID- 7245298 TI - A simple, non-dimensional, normalized common carotid Doppler velocity wave-form index that identifies patients with carotid stenosis. AB - A non-invasive Doppler velocity index that is specific for carotid artery stenosis is presented. The index is both non-dimensional (maximum/minimum velocity to remove within artery Doppler signal variability) and normalized (larger over smaller carotid maximum/minimum ratio to minimize between patient variability). Of 260 normal patients 94% had a maximum/minimum index between 1.00 and 1.25 and 97.5% had an index between 1.00 and 1.30. In 136 patients undergoing selective carotid arteriography the overall accuracy of the maximum/minimum index in predicting carotid stenosis was 85-87%. When 1.30 is taken as the maximum normal index value the test is 96.5% specific and 76% sensitive. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicates that patients with a maximum/minimum index greater than 1.4 have a 99% probability of significant carotid stenosis. PMID- 7245297 TI - Use of combined oculoplethysmography, carotid phonoangiography and Doppler in the non-invasive diagnosis of extracranial carotid occlusive disease. AB - One hundred and eight patients were studied with fluid-filled oculoplethysmography and carotid phonoangiography (OPG-CPA) and by arteriography. Thirty-two patients also had "Doppler evaluation" of supraorbital arterial flow. The OPG-CPA correctly predicted the degree of occlusion in 76% of the involved vessels, including the degree of occlusion of each carotid for each patient (63%). The OPG-CPA identified at least one obstructing carotid lesion in 51 of the 56 (91%) patients with obstructing lesions demonstrated by arteriography. On a per patient basis, which requires that both carotids be correctly assessed, the OPG-CPA had a false negative rate of 9.6% and false positive rate of 50%. The supraorbital artery "Doppler evaluation" had an accuracy rate of 66%, a per patient false negative rate of 50%, and a per patient false positive rate of 12%. The OPG-CPA and supraorbital artery "Doppler evaluation" are adjunctive tests for evaluating patients with cerebral vascular insufficiency and should not, at present, replace arteriography in symptomatic patients or in certain asymptomatic patients. PMID- 7245300 TI - Cardiovascular effects of cerebral air embolism. AB - This study was conducted to determine whether air distributed to the cerebral circulation alone could cause acute cardiovascular dysfunction and thus be a potential mechanism for sudden death following arterial air embolism. Cardiovascular measurements were made in anesthetized, ventilated cats during infusion of air into a vertebral artery. Cerebral air embolism was found to induce an acute hypertensive response accompanied by severe cardiac arrhythmias. Interruption of the autonomic nervous system was found to abolish the cardiac arrhythmias but not to affect significantly the acute hypertensive response following cerebral air embolism. These results suggest that potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmias can occur from air distributed solely to the cerebral circulation, and that these arrhythmias are mediated by the autonomic nervous system. The results also indicate that acute hypertension can occur from cerebral air embolism, but that this response is not solely mediated by the autonomic nervous system. PMID- 7245299 TI - Evaluation of cerebrovascular Doppler examination and oculopneumoplethysmography in a clinical perspective. AB - The cerebrovascular Doppler examination (CDE) and oculopneumoplethysmography (OPG Gee) were compared in a single population group with no statistically significant difference found between the 2 studies. There appeared to be an advantage to combinant testing, for when the results of the 2 studies were concordant there was an accuracy of 94% and a false negative rate of 8%. Clinical correlation was available in 96% of the patients, providing adequate evidence to support the adjuvant role of non-invasive screening in the evaluation of symptomatic individuals. The percentage of false negative studies and the incidence of ulcerative disease make a diagnostic role impractical at present. For the asymptomatic individual, the diagnostic role of non-invasive screening seems justified. The false negative studies in the present series were confined to those vessels with 50-70% stenoses, which are difficult to assess angiographically and may be better characterized by hemodynamic evaluations. PMID- 7245301 TI - Transient ischemic attacks associated with hypotension in hypertensive patients with carotid artery stenosis. AB - In a group of 132 patients with transient ischemic attacks ((TIAs) 7 patients (4 men, 3 women, ages 64 to 81) had TIAs preceded by hypotension. The average fall of mean blood pressure during an attack was 26.4 +/- 5.5 mm Hg (SD). Only one of these patients had a TIA which was not preceded by hypotension. This episode occurred during a paroxysm of coughing. All 7 of these patients had hypertension, and cerebral arteriography performed in 4 of the 7 revealed hemodynamically significant carotid artery stenosis. Each of the 4 patients developed hypotension and a TIA after the procedure. Twenty of the other patients had hypotensive episodes but did not develop focal neurological deficits. None of these patients had carotid artery stenosis. This study suggests that hypertensive patients with carotid artery stenosis may be at risk to develop focal cerebral ischemia during acute hypotensive episodes. PMID- 7245302 TI - Effects of arterial hypotension on brain metabolism in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The effects of graded systemic hypotension induced by the combination of bleeding and trimethaphan camsylate infusion on brain metabolism were studied in normotensive rats (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Metabolites such as lactate, pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) of the brain frozen in situ were measured at the end of 1 hour of hypotension. In SHR, either cerebral lactate or the lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratio increased rapidly and progressively with a concomitant decrease in ATP, when mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) fell below about 50 mm Hg. In NTR, on the other hand, the metabolites changed little until MAP fell to about 40 mm Hg. Metabolic derangements of the brain during profound hypotension were more marked and severe in SHR than in NTR. These results suggest that the SHR is more vulnerable to severe hypotension than NTR, probably due to hemodynamic difference of the cerebral circulation between the 2 groups. The increased cerebral vascular resistance and upward shift of cerebral autoregulation in hypertension might be responsible for this vulnerability. PMID- 7245305 TI - Reactive hyperemia for the clinical diagnosis of subclavian steal syndrome: report of a case. PMID- 7245304 TI - Headache in cerebral embolic disease. AB - A patient is presented who had severe headache and then developed a stuttering course of clinical neurological deficits. Arteriography demonstrated an ipsilateral proximal middle cerebral embolus. With recurrence of symptoms, repeat arteriography showed another, more proximal embolus with areas of distal occlusion. The headache probably occurred when the embolus became lodged in a pain sensitive cerebral vessel at the base of the brain. The subsequent stuttering neurological deficits were due to fragmentation of the embolus as well as recurrence. PMID- 7245303 TI - Abnormal catecholamine urinary excretion after emotional stimulus in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. AB - The epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) urinary excretion before and after a mild "emotional stimulus" (ES) was determined in 22 patients with cerebral infarction and 30 patients with cerebral hemorrhage, as well as in 18 normotensive and 18 hypertensive controls. In patients with cerebral infarction, the majority normotensive, the "emotional stimulus" induced a significant increase in NE excretion, but non-significant alterations in E excretion. Similar changes were noted in normotensive controls. In patients with cerebral hemorrhage, almost all hypertensive, and in hypertensive controls, ES brought about a consistent rise in E excretion without influencing significantly the NE excretion. The presence of a constant increase in E excretion after a mild emotion not only in patients with cerebral hemorrhage but also in subjects with uncomplicated essential hypertension, suggests that the E release found in patients with cerebral hemorrhage is related to the hypertensive state pre existing the stroke rather than to hemorrhagic stroke itself. The pattern of catecholamine discharge in hypertensive patients might play a part in the occurrence of cerebral hemorrhagic accidents. The epinephrine discharges induce sudden increases in systolic blood pressure which could lead to the rupture of cerebral vessels with hyalinotic or atherosclerotic alterations. PMID- 7245306 TI - Stroke rehabilitation. Outcome studies and guidelines for alternative levels of care. AB - "Every year, nearly 400,000 people in the United States become stroke victims. Approximately 40% of these die within a month and at least two-thirds of those who survive have some degree of permanent disability. At the present time, the population of this country includes two and a half million disabled survivors of stroke. The economic toll of this disease, considering both the cost of care and the loss of earnings, is estimated to be nine and a half billion dollars annually." PMID- 7245307 TI - Timing and frequency of carotid evaluation. PMID- 7245308 TI - [Tasks of a society of forensic physicians in realizing the decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU on "Work Improvement in preserving law and order and in combating legal transgressions"]. PMID- 7245309 TI - [Fulfilling the recommendations of te First All-Union Congress of Forensic Physicians]. PMID- 7245310 TI - [Establishing the time of death]. PMID- 7245311 TI - [Organization of forensic medical studies in aviation accidents]. PMID- 7245312 TI - [Poisoning with liquid THF-M]. PMID- 7245313 TI - [Sudden death in alcoholic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 7245314 TI - [Diagnostic significance and data on the pathogenesis of hyperemia of the arteries and left half of the heart in death from cooling]. PMID- 7245315 TI - [Forensic osteologic diagnosis of age]. PMID- 7245316 TI - [Age-related changes in the fingernails]. PMID- 7245317 TI - [Biologic matter as a source for personal identification]. PMID- 7245318 TI - [Improvement in the teaching of forensic medicine at institutions of higher medical education]. PMID- 7245319 TI - [Determination of hemoglobin and haptoglobin fractions in studying blood stains by electrophoresis on vertical polyacrylamide gel plates]. PMID- 7245321 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative structure of fatal poisonings in 1977-1978]. PMID- 7245320 TI - [Ascending paper and thin-layer ion-exchange resin chromatography and its potential use in studying sperm]. PMID- 7245322 TI - [Gas chromatographic analysis of ethyl alcohol, acetaldehyde and acetone in the expired air of human beings and in the total gaseous discharges of animals]. PMID- 7245323 TI - [Let us develop the tutorial system in forensic medical expertise institutions]. PMID- 7245324 TI - [Work organization problems in a provincial forensic medical expertise office]. PMID- 7245325 TI - [Use of duplicate-negative photography of forensic medical expertise objects]. PMID- 7245327 TI - [Case of melleril poisoning]. PMID- 7245326 TI - [Determination of the direction of travel of automobile tires across the human body]. PMID- 7245329 TI - Problems in the use of erythrocytes for RT1.A typing studies, probably due to quantitative differences in RT1.A antigen expression in different strains. PMID- 7245328 TI - [Personnel training and placement in the forensic medical service of the USSR]. PMID- 7245332 TI - Studies on the genetic control of picryl chloride contact hypersensitivity reaction in inbred rats. PMID- 7245331 TI - Immune response to poly(Glu52Lys33Tyr15) in congenic rats. PMID- 7245330 TI - Genetic control of the IgE reaginic immune response and of its radiation-induced enhancement. PMID- 7245333 TI - Immunogenetic control of the immune response to gliosarcoma 9L growth in rats. PMID- 7245334 TI - Application of ultrastructure in the investigation of male infertility of the BIL/1 mutant. PMID- 7245335 TI - Prognostic factors in childhood rheumatic disease. AB - Forty-eight Nigerian children (M = 22, F = 26; mean age = 6 years) With rheumatic heart disease (RHD) were studied prospectively. Three years after the initial presentation 12 of them (25%) had improved, 14 (29%) remained about the same while 22 (46%) had either deteriorated or died. A poor socio-economic background, delay in seeking medical treatment, and recurrence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) all adversely affected the prognosis. Similarly mitral stenosis, multiple valve lesions, pulmonary hypertension, and subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) were associated with a poor prognosis. However the short-term prognosis was uninfluenced by the patient's age, sex, P-R interval, or cardiac functional class at first presentation. It is concluded that prompt institution of appropriate therapeutic measures, SBE prophylaxis, prevention of recurrent ARF, and health education would significantly improve the prognosis in childhood RHD. PMID- 7245336 TI - Acute septicaemic melioidosis: a report of seven cases. AB - A report is presented of seven patients with acute septicaemic melioidosis seen at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, during 1976-1979. All had associated disorders which rendered them more susceptible to infection. As prognosis depends on early diagnosis it is important that this disease be considered in the differential diagnosis of a septicaemic illness in such patients from endemic areas. The treatment of choice is a combination of tetracyclines and chloramphenicol, initially used in massive doses, and continued for at least six month to prevent relapses. PMID- 7245338 TI - The Katayama syndrome; an outbreak in Dutch tourists to the Omo National Park, Ethiopia. AB - The Katayama syndrome, the early stage of schistosomal disease, occurs 3 to 6 weeks after infection. The main symptoms are fever, urticaria, oedema and general malaise. Eosinophilia is a constant finding. The syndrome developed in a group of Dutch tourists after a visit in early November 1975 to the Omo National Park, southwest Ethiopia. Eight out of 10 infected persons became clinically ill. The incubation period varied from 4 to 41 days with a mean of 26 days. Pyrexia occurred in 6 patients, usually associated with headache and muscle pains; only to one patient the fever lasted for more than two weeks. Fever followed by oedema was present in one patient. Two patients were afebrile, one suffered from urticaria, the other from general malaise. Two visitors remained asymptomatic, but the results of serological tests showed that they were also infected. The liver function was disturbed in one patient during the febrile period and further deteriorated during treatment with niridazole. S. mansoni eggs were detected in small numbers in two patients, 6 months and 19 months after infection. Obviously the tourists harboured few adult worms. They probably had been infected by few cercariae; the possibility that they were infected by cercariae of a S. mansoni strain not well adapted to man was considered. PMID- 7245340 TI - Some observations on the biting habits of S. incrustatum and S. amazonicum complex in the Lethem area, Rupununi district, Guyana, South America. PMID- 7245337 TI - Endemic elephantiasis of the lower legs in the United Cameroon Republic. AB - Evidence for an association of endemic non-filarial elephantiasis of the lower legs with areas of red clay soils around volcanoes has been noted in several countries bordering the Rift Valley in East Africa. It was of interest to observe whether the association is also present in an area of endemic prevalence of the disease in West Africa. Such an area occurs in the Cameroon highlands where it has been suggested that onchocerciasis might be an etiological factor. The present study describes the results of a survey in this area. There was no statistical evidence of a relationship with onchocerciasis and the content of mineral microparticles in lymphatic tissues of the lower legs was again established. Climatic, geological and soil characteristics were similar to those in East Africa. It is considered that the disease in the two widely separated non bancrofti areas is of similar etiology and it is proposed that it may be interpreted as silicosis of peripheral lymphatics of the lower legs. PMID- 7245339 TI - A study of clustering of cases of leukemia, Hodgkin's disease and other lymphomas in Bahrain. AB - One hundred and twenty five cases of leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and other lymphomas were compared with 125 matches controls for space, and time and space clustering in the State of Bahrain. These cases and controls were identified from hospital, pathology and death registries over a period of ten years. Thirty-one percent of the cases living in cities had "effective contact' with at least another case compared to 8.7 percent of the city controls, at a distance of "effective contact' equal to or less than 100 meters. no differences were observed as to the number of "effective contacts' between the cases and controls residing in the villages. When the combined data from the villages and urban areas were analyzed using two different methods, no significant clustering could be reported. Although space clustering in the urban areas is attributed to a hypothesized transmissible or exposure factor, the possibility that such clustering is due to some common characteristics of the persons with these conditions has to be considered. PMID- 7245342 TI - Some social and sexual problems experienced by Nigerians with limb amputation. AB - The socio-sexual dysfunctions associated with amputation were studied among a group of 100 Nigerians with limb amputations. The mean age was 30 years. Road traffic accidents and war-related injuries constituted 70% of cases. Decrease in social interaction as the result of amputation was reported by 20%, 13% of the married males admitted a change in sexual life and activities after the amputation; 24% of those studies had some form of sexual problems. Nigerians with amputation experience definite social and sexual problems. PMID- 7245341 TI - Calcium metabolism in African primigravids. AB - Serum calcium inorganic phosphorus, protein and alkaline phosphatase as well as urine calcium were studied in fifty-five primigravid Nigerian women during pregnancy and postnatal period. Each patient was seen at the various stages of pregnancy and thus acted as her own control. Serum calcium levels fell with progressing pregnancy. Urine calcium showed a highly significant decrease throughout pregnancy and in the puerperium. Alkaline phosphatase showed a continuous rise with advancing gestation which was statistically highly significant, with a return towards normal values in the postnatal period. Serum inorganic phosphorus showed no significant alteration right through the pregnancy period. The normoproteinaemia seen in the group studied suggests that albumin did not make any contribution to the fall in the serum calcium levels seen during the study. PMID- 7245343 TI - Morbidity patterns among under-five children in a rural community in Sudan. AB - This paper presents preliminary findings about morbidity observed in a prospective epidemiological study in a village community near Khartoum during 1977-1979. A total of 293 under-five children in 310 households were followed up for two years. Each household was visited twice monthly and information of the disease pattern was collected. Cough, fever and diarrhoea were found to be the commonest cause of morbidity. The average incidence being 296, 292 and 217 episodes respectively per 100 children per year. Vomiting, skin disease and conjunctivitis occurred at a much lower rate. Measles was observed in 14% of children under one year of age. The incidence of whooping cough was low an no outbreak occurred during the two years of observation. The seasonality of various diseases, their severity and age distribution is discussed and compared over the two year period. PMID- 7245344 TI - Malignant childhood neoplasms in the western region of Saudi Arabia. AB - In a sample of 8 cases of solid malignant neoplasms occurring in children resident in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia the most important finding was a remarkable preponderance of lymphomas when compared with Western series. Other notable differences were the prevalence of Hodgkin's disease in the first decade of life, the different proportions of its subtype, and the occurrence of well differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. Included is a case of lympho-epithelioid cellular lymphoma (Lennert's lymphoma) which, as far as we can ascertain, is the youngest reported case. There was a relatively large number of embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas and a paucity of neuroblastomas. Our study, which is concerned with proportional rates (population studies are not yet completed), contributes to the interesting ethnic and geographical differences which exist in the prevalence of childhood lymphomas and other solid malignant neoplasms. The biases that affect studies such as ours are stressed. PMID- 7245345 TI - Childhood rheumatic heart disease in Nigeria. AB - Eighty Nigerian children (mean age = 8.8 years) with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) were studied prospectively. The initial acute rheumatic fever (ARF) was recognized in 34 of them (42%) while 18 patients (23%) had recurrent ARF. 76 patients (95%) had mitral incompetence, either alone or in combination with other lesions. Symptomatic mitral stenosis was present in 21 patients (26%), occurred early in life, and appeared to be causally related to recurrent ARF and intense host reactions. Aortic and tricuspid valve diseases were uncommon and pulmonary valve disease was rare. 94% of the patients presented in heart failure, and, 4 years after, 20% of those re-examined had improved, 32% remained about the same, and 48% had deteriorated. The high cumulative mortality at 6 years (20%) was attributable to heart failure and subacute bacterial endocarditis. We suggest that in developing countries, all episodes of pharyngitis in children susceptible to ARF should be treated with penicillin, the only exception being pharyngitis associated with definite viral illnesses like measles. PMID- 7245346 TI - [Cell population kinetics and the cell population mechanism of circadian rhythm in the proliferative activity in the esophageal epithelium of mice maintained under constant illumination]. AB - 3H-thymidine was injected to male mice maintained either on a 12 hour light-dark cycle or on a prolonged continuous light (LL-group) at the peak of DNA synthetic activity of the esophagus epithelium (1a. m). The parameters of the diurnal rhythm of cell division and mitotic cycle of the basal layer were studied. In the LL-group of animals, an expressive asynchronization of diurnal rhythm of mitotic index was found. At the same time the labelled cell population revealed a slight degree of asynchronization. The data suggest that the process of asynchronization of the overall kinetics in the tissue throughout the whole day is associated with differences in the state of separate cell populations entering mitotic cycle at the various time of the day. The mitotic cycle duration in both groups of animals is almost alike and equal to 24-27 hours, i. e. is close to that of the diurnal rhythm. PMID- 7245347 TI - [Reversible suppression of muscle differentiation expression in a monolayer culture]. AB - The phenotype of skeletal-muscle cells of a chick embryo in the primary monolayer culture maintained in the full medium (80% of the Eagle medium, 15% of serum, 5% of embryonic extract) and in the poor one (85% of the Eagle medium, 15% of serum) has been studied using both light and electron microscopy. In the full medium culture, which served as a control, the fusion of myoblasts (the index of fusion 51%) with the consequent formation of muscles fibers was observed. These fibres were able to contract and their ultrastructure was typical for differentiated skeletal-muscle cells. In the medium without an embryonic extract, the fusion of myoblasts was suppressed (the index of fusion 6%). The monolayer fibroblast-like cells lacking characters of differentiated muscle cells and, unlike, having those of typical fibroblasts were most numerous. The transference of myogene cells into fibroblast-like ones is reversal : after the substitution of the poor medium by the full one, both cell fusion (the index of fusion 45-47%) and differentiation of cell fibres are observed. PMID- 7245348 TI - A pathologic study of malignant gliomas operated after radio- and chemotherapy. AB - Fifteen biopsies of malignant gliomas, treated before surgery by radio- and chemotherapy, have been studied. The aim of the study was to ascertain if the tissue changes, which have already been observed in autopsy samples and are related to the above mentioned treatments, occur also in biopsy samples. Even taking into due account the limitations imposed by the small number of cases, a positive correlation was found between macrophages, vessel degenerations, endothelial proliferations and radiation therapy as well as between monster cell increase and chemotherapy. These findings are consistent with those obtained with autopsy material and demonstrate that tumors after radio- and chemotherapy are more quiescent and contained. PMID- 7245349 TI - Breast cancer: primary tumor characteristics related to lymph node involvement. AB - From November 1st 1977 to August 31st 1978, 842 consecutive patients with operable breast cancer were observed at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. Characteristics of the primary tumor and the status of regional lymph nodes were evaluated at clinical and postsurgical examination: it was found that qualitative characteristics of the primary were properly defined by clinicians, who usually overestimated maximum diameter of the primary. The status of regional lymph nodes is not reliable at clinical examination: 34.5% of clinically uninvolved nodes were found to contain metastatic growth at histologic examination. Age of patients, maximum diameter of the primary, histologic type and quadrant of origin of the primary tumor were significantly related to the frequency of regional node metastases. Multifactorial analysis showed that the last three factors were independent variables, while age, which is significant by itself, loses importance when adjusted by at least one of the other three factors. Frequently of extension of node metastases beyond the lymph node capsule was found to be related to the number of involved nodes: maximum diameter, histologic type and site of origin are significantly related to the frequency of extracapsular invasion. This study confirms that the evaluation of the status of regional lymph nodes is not reliable at clinical examination and indicates that characteristics of the primary may be useful in predicting regional lymph node involvement. The direct correlation between the number of involved nodes and the frequency of infiltration beyond the capsule suggests that prognosis of patients with positive nodes depends more on this factor than on the number of involved nodes. PMID- 7245351 TI - Criteria of clinical and radiological diagnosis in nonpuerperal acute phlogistic like processes of the breast: considerations on 97 consecutive cases. AB - The authors report a series of 97 cases of phlogistic-like process of the breast. Clinical and radiological signs and criteria of differential diagnosis between benign phlogosis and cancer are investigated. The location in the areolar/periareolar region, the presence of fever, and the radiological evidence of limited skin thickening were the features more significantly correlated with benign phlogosis, while cancer should be suspected in the case of lesions located in the upper-outer quadrant and in presence of a diffuse skin thickening at radiological examination. These diagnostic criteria seem particularly useful since the typical clinical or radiological signs of cancer are present only in 50% of cancer cases. The cytological examination of nipple discharge or needle aspiration fluid is of particular help: no false positive or negative cases were observed in a series of 42 examined patients. PMID- 7245350 TI - Liver assessment in women receiving adjuvant CMF chemotherapy. AB - The medical records of women taking part in the first 2 prospective adjuvant CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil) programs were reviewed to evaluate the incidence of liver damage which could be attributable to prolonged methotrexate administration. In 802 evaluable patients abnormal liver studies occurred in 7 of 170 controls (4.1%) and 20 of 632 CMF-treated patients (3.2%). In 22 of 27 patients they were reversible, while the persistence of enzyme abnormalities in 2 patients treated with 12 CMF cycles was followed by the occurrence of viral hepatitis and osseous metastases, respectively. Adjuvant CMF was never discontinued in the presence of liver function abnormalities. In 22 women liver biopsies through laparoscopy were performed for various diagnostic purposes. They yielded an incidence of aspecific histologic changes (fatty metamorphosis, subcapsular fibrosis) which was similar between controls and CMF treated patients. Present analysis failed to demonstrate a higher incidence of acute and/or chronic liver changes in patients treated with cyclical CMF compared to controls treated with surgery alone. PMID- 7245352 TI - Usefulness of chest and skeletal survey to assess the time of relapse in breast cancer. AB - The pertinent radiographs of 151 patients treated with radical mastectomy who showed relapse in the chest and/or in the skeleton as first site were reevaluated. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated by comparing the first examination considered as positive with the previous ones reported as negative. For chest lesions the accuracy was 80% (70% for parenchymal nodular densities), with no difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. For bone metastases retrospective evaluation confirmed the radiological report (i.e., the time of relapse), in 73.8%, with a value of 89.7% in symptomatic and 53.4% in asymptomatic patients. The site of involvement and morphological characteristics of the lesions did not influence the diagnostic accuracy. Therefore chest examination and, for symptomatic patients, radiographic bone survey still represent a useful modality to assess the diffusion of breast cancer. For asymptomatic patients other modalities, such as bone scan and biochemical tests, should be utilized. PMID- 7245354 TI - Hodgkin's disease associated with sarcoidosis: case report. AB - Coexistence of true systemic sarcoidosis and Hodgkin's disease has been reported as a very exceptional occurrence. In this paper a case observed at the Institute of Radiology of Florence is described of which the most interesting features were 1) sarcoidosis appeared 5 years earlier than Hodgkin's disease; 2) at staging lymphography the paraortic nodes appeared extensively enlarged and showed multiple filling defects; 3) at laparotomy the nodes removed were histologically affected by sarcoidosis only; 4) multiple foci of sarcoidosis were found also in the spleen and liver; 5) this feature led us to refrain from irradiating the abdomen; 6) one year later a further enlargement of paraortic nodes was observed; 7) a second laparotomy revealed Hodgkin's infiltration in the removed nodes; 8) irradiation of the inverted "y" field was followed by complete regression of the nodes and the patient is alive and well 2.5 years after the relapse. PMID- 7245355 TI - [Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis following treatment with bis-chloronitrosourea]. PMID- 7245353 TI - Involvement of the central nervous system in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Fifteen of 146 (10%) adult patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma showed clinical and pathologic evidence of involvement of the central nervous system (CNS): in 6 patients, the CNS lymphoma was present at the onset of disease, in 3 of them it was the only sign detected. In the remaining 9 cases, CNS involvement appeared during the course of systemic disease. In all cases symptoms related to infiltration of the CNS were associated with advanced disease (stage IV); bone marrow or bone involvement was found in 9 patients (60%). The histologic subtypes were mostly of high-grade malignancy according to the Kiel classification: immunoblastic (3), centroblastic (3), Burkitt type (2), lymphoblastic (1), LP immunocytoma in polymorphic variant (3), unclassifiable (3). The prominent signs and symptoms of CNS lymphoma are listed: the cranial nerve palsies are the most common finding. The principal means of detecting CNS involvement are discussed: cerebrospinal fluid cytology, brain scan and CAT scan were the most useful diagnostic procedures. The reported data allow identification of patients at high risk of CNS lymphoma: this includes histologies of high-grade malignancy, advanced stage of disease, and bone marrow or bone infiltration. Therefore, either intensive systemic chemotherapy or CNS prophylaxis are recommended for patients with high risk of CNS disease. PMID- 7245356 TI - Value of multiple forceps biopsies in assessing the malignant potential of colonic polyps. AB - Fifty-nine colo-rectal polyps were detected at endoscopy and repeatedly biopsied before removal by endoscopic snare polypectomy. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the reliability of multiple forceps biopsies in assessing both the malignant potential and the presence or absence of invasive cancer (IC) in colo rectal adenomas (CRA). In order to achieve the first objective, the histologic types and the degree of dysplasia have been defined. The data obtained by means of multiple biopsies examination, compared with those of polyp in toto study, show that fractional biopsies were of value in the histologic classification of only the smallest 41 polyps (agreement 88.09%), whilst no reliability of biopsies was demonstrated in the 18 largest polyps (agreement 27.68%). In the field of dysplasia grading, the agreement was 55% and 61% for the smallest and the largest CRA respectively. These last figures are hardly acceptable. Biopsies examination gave also under- and overestimation of the histologic severity and of dysplasia as well as a significant incidence of false negative results in IC detection. It is concluded that polypectomy is the only method which provides adequate material for precise diagnosis, no matter how large a polyp. Therefore it should be performed whenever possible. Finally the authors discuss the management of small sessile adenomas. PMID- 7245357 TI - Reed-Sternberg cell leukaemia. AB - A case of Reed-Sternberg (R-S) leukaemia is described, and the results of the morphological, cytochemical and cytokinetic studies on the circulating neoplastic cells are reported. Detailed data are given for each of the 3 types of abnormal circulating cells: abnormal mononuclear (AM) cells, Hodgkin's (H) cells and R-S cells. Our results cannot discriminate whether R-S cells derive from monocyte macrophages or from B-cell lineage. However, some data suggest that H and R-S cells may likely originate from AM cells. The unfavourable clinical significance of the appearance of circulating R-S cells is discussed taking into account the other few cases reported in literature. PMID- 7245358 TI - Brunner's gland hamartoma with incipient ductal malignancy. Report of a case. AB - A duodenal tumor mainly composed of Brunner's glands was surgically resected in a 54-year-old man complaining of hematemesis and melena. Histologic examination of the specimen revealed a lobular pattern of either ducts or glandular acini, with Paneth cells; smooth muscle fibers, fat tissue and well formed vascular channels were seen in the stroma. These aspects are more suggestive of a hamartomatous rather than an adenomatous lesion. Moreover, the epithelium in some ducts showed early malignant transformation, which is a feature never observed in previous reports. PMID- 7245359 TI - [Echocardiography. Principles and normal aspects]. PMID- 7245360 TI - [Double-contrast radiologic exploration of hemorrhagic rectocolitis]. PMID- 7245361 TI - [A case of bidirectional tachycardia]. PMID- 7245362 TI - [Myocardial disorders and necroses following valvular surgery]. PMID- 7245363 TI - [Tuberculosis in a military setting. apropos of 596 cases]. PMID- 7245364 TI - [Uricemia in the normal Tunisian and in obesity, hypertension and diabetes]. PMID- 7245365 TI - [Neuro-meningeal listeriosis. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7245366 TI - [Paraneoplastic osteoarticular syndromes in cancers of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 7245367 TI - [Pelvi-rachidian involvement in psoriasis]. PMID- 7245368 TI - [Dopamine in the management of septic shock states]. PMID- 7245370 TI - [Coralliform lithiasis. Apropos of 160 cases]. PMID- 7245371 TI - [Early reinterventions following appendectomies]. PMID- 7245372 TI - [Dermatomyositis. A review with a characteristic case history]. PMID- 7245369 TI - [Amyloid pseudo-tumors of the larynx. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7245374 TI - [Synovectomy in the knee joint with radioactive yttrium]. PMID- 7245373 TI - [Diagnosis of urinary infections by the transportable agar method. Collection of urine in non-sterile containers]. PMID- 7245375 TI - [Mediastinoscopy and bronchoscopy in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7245376 TI - [Urinary excretion of fractionated 17-ketosteroids in Danish children]. PMID- 7245378 TI - [Double vas deferens]. PMID- 7245377 TI - [Outpatient vasectomy]. PMID- 7245379 TI - [Melioidosis]. PMID- 7245384 TI - [Instructions for manuscripts to be submitted to Ugeskrift for Laeger, Bibliotek for Laeger, Danish Medical Bulletin, Nordisk Medicin and Manedsskrift for Praktisk Laegegerning]. PMID- 7245382 TI - [Surgical day unit. Ambulatory and semi-ambulatory care in a surgical day unit]. PMID- 7245383 TI - [Malignant melanoma of the skin]. PMID- 7245381 TI - [Health insurance cases covered for more than 5 weeks. Disease pattern. Diagnosis as a prognostic indicator]. PMID- 7245380 TI - [Health insurance cases covered for more than 5 weeks. A retrospective study of frequency, course and cause of termination]. PMID- 7245385 TI - [Unexpected death from acute myocardial infarction during hospitalization at an internal medical hospital department]. PMID- 7245386 TI - [Congestive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 7245387 TI - [SNOMED (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine) - multiaxial data registration]. PMID- 7245388 TI - [Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Clinical manifestations of the disease during an epidemic in Frederiksborg county]. PMID- 7245390 TI - [Lymph node dissection in malignant melanoma]. PMID- 7245391 TI - [Double vertical fractures of the pelvis treated by external fixation]. PMID- 7245392 TI - [Prolonged sick-leave VIII. A 3-year incidence survey]. PMID- 7245389 TI - [Perforating lesions of the eye in children]. PMID- 7245394 TI - Ultrasonics International 81. Abstracts. PMID- 7245393 TI - [Education Spring 1981]. PMID- 7245398 TI - [The closed plastic of the anterior ligament (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245400 TI - [The polytrauma, a task for different fields (author's transl)]. AB - Different fields and specialities have been developed within surgery. This has yielded basic knowledge and good therapeutic results. Today even in patients with multiple injuries a satisfactory rehabilitation can be achieved. The treating surgeon has to coordinate the different fields. As coordinator the traumatologist is the most suitable person, as he is trained in various fields of surgery. One sided thinking would jeopardize the presently available as well as the obtainable results in the treatment of polytraumatized patients. The best results can be achieved only through a synthesis of the various fields. PMID- 7245396 TI - [Pathophysiology and clinic of the so called shock-kidney (author's transl)]. AB - Pathophysiology and clinic of acute renal failure (so called shock kidney) are described. In this connection the bilateral ischemic necrosis of the renal cortex is mentioned; it can be considered as an acute renal failure complicated by a consumption coagulopathy. Conservative therapy and treatment with an artificial kidney are outlined. The most common methods to correct acidosis, hyperkalemia and over-hydration are discussed. PMID- 7245395 TI - [Pathophysiology of hemodynamic and metabolic disturbances following circulatory shock (author's transl)]. AB - Circulatory shock is defined as a syndrome of hemodynamic and metabolic disturbances. Impairment of macro- and microcirculation initiated by different causes is followed by a reversible and later on by an irreversible disturbance of cell metabolism. Breakdown of organ function may be the consequence. The shock specific discomposure of the hemostatic system is characterized by an inactivation of blood coagulation. This leads first to hypercoagulability accompanied by a tendency to thrombosis; later on the impairment of the hemostatic balance is followed by the consumption of coagulation factors and by hypocoagulability with a more or less pronounced bleeding tendency. Treatment of shock is the main prerequisite to avoid and overcome shock induced coagulation disorder. Heparin administration, fresh blood and fresh plasma are adjuvant measures. Substitution of concentrates of clotting factors are indicated only in states of total consumption of the coagulation system. PMID- 7245401 TI - [Therapeutic principles and priorities of polytrauma in general surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The absolutely prior task in patients with multiple injuries is to maintain the cardiac and pulmonary functions. Furthermore a quick decision is needed regarding additional life-saving operations. Apart from a careful clinical investigation simple diagnostic procedures are necessary (chest x-ray, peritoneal lavage). The life of the injured person is endangered through hemorrhages. The most effective therapy is to recognize and to stop these bleedings. The surgical repair of intestinal ruptures, injuries to the pancreas, ruptures of the diaphragm and other problems can be postponed. The same applies to most of the thoracic injuries, except to the tension pneumothorax. Mediastinal injuries require the use of the heart-lung-machine, if the heart and the big vessels are involved. The extent of an operation and the intraoperative procedure are determined by the injury. PMID- 7245397 TI - [Treatment of the polytraumatic shock (author's transl)]. AB - The survival rate of patients with multiple injuries can be improved by means of the modern possibilities of rescue services. The timespan preceding treatment can be shortened. A consequent symptomatic treatment of hemodynamic and respiratory disorders plays an important role. A causal therapy of the impaired permeability of the capillaries, which causes the shock, is possible only to some extent. The therapy should concentrate on the solution resulting from shock. PMID- 7245402 TI - [Principles of therapy and priorities in polytrauma (author's transl)]. AB - Immediate assessment of severe injuries, and instant, effective therapy are the fundamentals of getting good results in the emergency management of trauma victims. A schedule for, if possible, early fracture fixation in multiply traumatized patients is recommended to avoid acute complications and irreversible lesions. Yet cautious and individual timing of internal fixation is mandatory especially in seriously injured patients with concomitant severe cranio-cerebral trauma and long-lasting unconsciousness. PMID- 7245399 TI - [The quality of surgical continuing education with reference to the treatment of polytraumatized patients]. PMID- 7245403 TI - [Principles and priorities of therapy of polytraumas in neurosurgery]. AB - In polytrauma cranio-cerebral injuries are the most frequent and severe lesions. Acute haematomas and other space-occupying processes demand immediate treatment. The simultaneous operation of extracranial haematomas and haematomas of the abdomen etc. with the same priority is obligatory. The diagnostic possibilities have been discussed. Indication and time of operation of other cranio-cerebral as well as of extracranial injuries, fractures etc. are decisively influenced by the grade of hypothalamus and brain stem involvement. The present possibilities to diagnose and measure those lesions have been discussed, among them the CT findings and the clinical signs in the different stages of polytrauma. Three cases have been cited to stress the necessity of a permanent coordinated diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. PMID- 7245404 TI - [Principles of treating polytrauma in vascular surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnosis and treatment of vascular injuries in patients with polytrauma is of primary importance. Restoration of blood flow during the time limit of tolerable ischemia is fundamental for the survival of the patient, and the injured organs or extremities. To achieve this, the first treating physician must have sufficient knowledge of diagnosing and treating vascular injuries in patients suffering from a polytrauma. PMID- 7245406 TI - [Indication and methods of application with external fixation of the tibia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245405 TI - [Pathology and pathophysiology of circulatory shock with respect to shock lung (author's transl)]. AB - The circulatory and acute generalized failure of the circulation, in particular of the lesser peripheral circulation, and may possibly but not necessarily be accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure and damage to the tissue due to a lack of oxygen. The main question concerning the causal pathogenesis of shock is still unsettled, but an interaction between a lack of oxygen as well as of other factors, like endotoxin, complements and vasoactive amines, and the presence of a microthrombosis must be held responsible for the appearance of this condition. In modern intensive medicine the lung must be considered as the preferential area for the manifestation of shock. The clinical picture of shock lung may be described as acute respiratory deficiency accompanied by an impaired diffusion of oxygen, an increase in dead-space ventilation together with an increased shunt volume and intensified respiratory activity. The pathology of shock lung shows two phases and has its onset in exudative alveolitis followed by alveolar fibrosis which can be hardly be controlled by therapy. The early phase of shock lung manifesting itself by exudative alveolitis is decisive with regard to diagnosis and further therapeutic measurements. If the condition can be brought under control at this stage there is a chance that the patient may survive. PMID- 7245407 TI - [Fractures of the neck of the femur in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245408 TI - [Non-invasive radiological diagnostic of the chondropathia patellae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245409 TI - [Ligamentous injuries of the hand (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245410 TI - [Transepiphysial screwing of intercondylar eminence fractures in juveniles (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245412 TI - [Changes in protein fraction and blood glucose level of aged injured patients with standardized oral nutrition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245413 TI - [Effects of the latest jurisdiction on medical information and documentation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245414 TI - [Sexuality in adolescence: a multi-dimensional phenomenon]. PMID- 7245411 TI - [Iatrogenic lesions of the radial nerve prognosis and treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245415 TI - [Pregnancy in adolescence]. PMID- 7245416 TI - [Contraception in adolescence]. PMID- 7245417 TI - [Sex education in adolescence]. PMID- 7245418 TI - [Scleroderma]. PMID- 7245419 TI - [Trends in the incidence and indications for cesarean section]. PMID- 7245420 TI - [Teaching the locomotor system at Sherbrooke: past, present and future perspectives]. PMID- 7245421 TI - [Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections: osteomyelitis caused by a M. fortuitum cheloni complex]. PMID- 7245422 TI - [A case of pregnancy complicated by auto-immune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 7245423 TI - [A challenge to teaching objectives: the experience of a professor of digestive physiology]. PMID- 7245425 TI - [Sterilization of the mentally retarded: position of the Committee of Deontology of the Association of the French Speaking Physicians of Canada]. PMID- 7245424 TI - [Depression and biological rhythm: therapeutic effects of sleep deprivation]. PMID- 7245426 TI - [HLA: identity card. Immunogenetics of the major histocompatibility complex]. PMID- 7245428 TI - [Father? Mother?]. PMID- 7245427 TI - [HLA and diseases]. PMID- 7245429 TI - [Shepherd, bring home your sheep]. PMID- 7245430 TI - [Intermittent axillary vein stenosis]. PMID- 7245431 TI - [Methadone maintenance treatment for narcotic addicts. Experience of the C.L.S.C. Center-South]. PMID- 7245432 TI - [Sunstroke?]. PMID- 7245433 TI - [Insulation workers in the province of Quebec: causes of mortality]. PMID- 7245435 TI - [Community health departments and the Occupational Health and Safety Act]. PMID- 7245434 TI - [The medical profession at the crossroads]. PMID- 7245436 TI - Significance of primary T wave aberrations in the electrocardiogram of asymptomatic young men. Part 1. Electrocardiographic data. AB - The electrocardiogram (ECG) at rest and during orthostasis and exercise in 51 healthy men 18-19 years of age without history or symptoms of heart disease, but with T wave aberrations in the ECG (group T) were compared to the normal ECGs of 112 controls of the same age. These aberrations (which literature suggests to be due to organic heart disease) consisted of either a notch in the T wave, especially in the midprecordial leads, that sometimes became inverted, or a low T wave without concomitant ST depression. The T wave aberrations at rest in group T were similar to what 25% of the controls evidenced during orthostasis (group B). Both group T and group B had signs of increased sympathetic tone at rest with a higher heart rate and systolic blood pressure than did the subjects with normal ECG both at rest and during orthostasis. These T wave aberrations disappeared for the majority during exercise. Both group T and group B had prolonged QTc intervals. Group T had increased R wave amplitudes which did not correlate to the severity of the T wave aberration or to systolic blood pressure. Our opinion is that primary T wave aberrations in the majority of these young men were because of increased sympathetic tone. PMID- 7245437 TI - Urinary pH and the indwelling catheter. AB - The pH of the urine within a blocked indwelling catheter was significantly higher than the pH of the first urine portion from the new catheter. This observation suggests that the urinary pH was changed in an alkaline direction within the indwelling catheter, probably due to the production of ammonia induced by urease from Proteus strains. This pH gradient could only be demonstrated under conditions where the circadian pH variations of the urine within the individual could be neglected. PMID- 7245438 TI - A rapid microchromatographic method for determination of hemoglobin AI. AB - Hemoglobin AI (HbAI) is a minor hemoglobin fraction, which is continuously formed by a glycosylation reaction throughout the life-span of the erythrocyte. The concentration of HbAI reflects the average blood glucose level during the preceding 1 - 2 months and HbAI-determinations have been found to be of value in long-term diabetes control. A simple and reliable microchromatographic method for HbAI-determinations, suitable for routine clinical analyses, is described. In a group of diabetic patients (n = 126) the mean (+ S.D.) S.D.) HbAI--value was 9.6 + 1.8%, in the reference group (n = 33) the corresponding value was 6.0 + 0.8%. A commercial kit (Bio-Rad) based on the same principle was compared with our method. It was of equal accuracy and gave comparable results. PMID- 7245439 TI - Biliary tract carcinoma. AB - A series of 127 patients treated for cancer of the biliary tract during the period 1965-1974 was studied with a follow-up period of at least five years. The mean age was 66 years and the female:male ratio was 3:1. An early diagnosis of biliary tract carcinoma is difficult and the prognosis unfavourable although not hopeless. The surgical treatment given in the present series included a radical approach whenever possible. In the total series 56 patients died within a month, 24 lived for more than one year, 9 longer than three years and 5 longer than five years and 3 are still alive. A mean survival time of 25.6 months was reached when a radical operation was attempted while a palliative procedure gave a mean survival time of 5.5 months. These figures indicated that a careful selection of patients for an attempt of radical surgery should be done since removal of the tumour gives a more effective palliation, often a longer survival time, an improvement of quality of live and in a few patients cure. PMID- 7245440 TI - Significance of primary T wave aberrations in the electrocardiogram of asymptomatic young men. Part II. Working capacity and anthropometric data. AB - Fifty-one healthy men, 18 - 19 years of age, with "organic" T wave aberrations (group T) were compared to 112 controls of the same age with normal electrocardiograms (Group A + B). Group T had increased heart rate and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Their lower physical work capacity could be "explained" in multivariate analysis by their shorter height, smaller heart volume and lower total hemoglobin (the latter not constituting a significant difference between the groups). Multiple regression analysis indicated that differences in heart rate, systolic blood pressure and blood volumes explained differences between subjects with and without primary T wave aberrations. These variables are all influenced by changes in sympathetic discharge, whereas no variable representing performance or body dimensions contributed to the explanation. PMID- 7245441 TI - Segmental anatomy of the kidney. PMID- 7245442 TI - Simplified approach to cryoprecipitate coagulum pyelolithotomy. AB - A simplified approach to coagulum pyelolithotomy, utilizing ureteral catheters for injection of the coagulum, is advantageous for small intrarenal pelves, or when it is difficult to mobilize the kidney because of a previous operation. The approach is technically easy and straight-forward. We highly recommend its use in selected cases. PMID- 7245444 TI - Private practice experience with radical surgical treatment of cancer of prostate. AB - This private practice series of 255 men with adenocarcinoma of the prostate was evaluated with regard to the efficacy of radical prostatectomy in controlling disease. Sixty-seven men underwent radical surgery: 77 per cent are surviving longer than ten years post-operatively with several of these individuals now in their fifteenth year, 9 per cent died of their disease, and 10 per cent are totally incontinent. The survival in this series are compared with those of other series and the differences discussed. PMID- 7245443 TI - Bioavailability of oxalate in foods. AB - The ability of 7 "oxalate-rich" foods to enhance urinary oxalate excretion was measured in 8 normal volunteers. The analyzed value for oxalate was high for spinach (1,236 mg.), moderate for chocolate (126 mg.) and tea (66 mg.), and for low vegetable juice, cranberry juice, pecans, and orange juice (2 to 26 mg.). The urinary oxalate increased by 29.3 mg. during eight hours after ingestion of spinach. However, it rose by less than 4.2 mg. from consumption of other food items. The bioavailable oxalate (per cent of total appearing in urine) was much less from food items of high or moderate oxalate content (spinach and chocolate) than from standard solutions of sodium oxalate (2.4 to 2.6 versus 6.5 to 7.3 per cent). Thus, only spinach among food items tested was capable of causing hyperoxaluria in normal subjects. PMID- 7245445 TI - Sertoli cell testicular tumors. AB - The testicular Sertoli cell tumor is generally considered a benign tumor that can be treated by orchiectomy and close follow-up. It accounts for less than 1.5 per cent of testis tumors and may be malignant in 10 per cent of cases. Approximately 30 per cent have endocrine activity. We present 5 additional cases to the 75 previously reported in the world literature. PMID- 7245446 TI - Simple epidermoid cysts of testis. PMID- 7245447 TI - Secondary tumors of penis. AB - The penis, despite its rich vascular supply, is a very uncommon site of metastatic tumor. When present, the prognosis is extremely poor. Four cases of secondary tumors of the penis are presented and the literature reviewed. PMID- 7245448 TI - Diagnosis of obstruction in experimental hydroureteronephrosis. AB - A canine model with partial ureteral obstruction and progressive hydroureteronephrosis was utilized to validate and compare the accuracy of several diagnostic methods currently used to assess urinary tract obstruction. Tests of renal function and measurements of intrapelvic pressure were not helpful in following the progress of hydroureteronephrosis but did provide insight into the mechanisms by which incomplete ureteral occlusion impairs renal function. Serial intravenous pyelography, diuretic radionuclide urography, and perfusion pressure flow studies were frequently accurate in assessing obstruction, but each was subject to potential and, at times, regular misinterpretation. In applying the results of these laboratory studies to the problems of evaluating human hydroureteronephrosis, the clinician must recognize the pitfalls and limitations of these methods in order to ensure an accurate diagnosis of partial urinary obstruction. PMID- 7245450 TI - Gonadoblastoma in dysgenetic testis causing male pseudohermaphroditism in newborn. PMID- 7245451 TI - Recurrent urethral leiomyoma presenting as stress incontinence. PMID- 7245449 TI - Congenital absence of penis. AB - A case of penile agenesis with dysplastic horseshoe kidney, bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and aganglionic megacolon is presented. Embryologic and practical considerations are discussed. We believe this to be the only known case of this congenital anomaly associated with body segmental renal dysplasia and aganglionic megacolon. PMID- 7245452 TI - Stone basket rescue. PMID- 7245453 TI - Anterior sacral meningocele presenting as abdominal mass. AB - Anterior sacral meningocele is a rare entity. It arises from a congenital defect of the sacrum and the coccyx through which herniation of the caudal portion of the meninges and their contents occurs, forming a cyst-like structure. The cystic mass, which lies between the rectum and sacrum, produces a variety of symptoms depending on its size and contents and constitutes a diagnostic problem. A case of anterior sacral meningocele is presented, including the physical signs, differential diagnosis, and the dangers of aspiration or surgical intervention. PMID- 7245454 TI - Renal oncocytoma: ten-year follow-up. PMID- 7245455 TI - Metastatic carcinoma to testicle. AB - Metastatic carcinoma to the testicular, epididymis, and their tunics is unusual and adenocarcinoma of the small bowel is extremely rare. The combination of primary adenocarcinoma of the jejunum with metastasis to the tunica vaginalis of the testis has not been reported previously. An unusual case of a sacral mass in a twenty-seven-year-old black man is presented and the literature reviewed. PMID- 7245456 TI - Reduction clitoroplasty. PMID- 7245457 TI - New Foley catheter introducer for percutaneous nephrostomy. PMID- 7245458 TI - Angiomyolipomas and polycystic renal disease in tuberous sclerosis. Ultrastructural observations. AB - We report the ultrastructure of bilateral renal angiomyolipomas in a case of tuberous sclerosis. The patient also had adult-type polycystic renal disease (Potter type 3) with systemic hypertension. Smooth muscle differentiation was supported by immunofluorescence localization of contractile protein using both smooth muscle and platelet-specific antibodies against myosin. There were cells with ultrastructural features intermediate between mature smooth muscle and fat suggesting origin from progenitor pericytic cells closely related to vascular endothelium. There was also evidence of secretory or synthetic capacity by some mesenchymal cells raising the possibility that hypertension in part may have been hormonally mediated by tumor. A unifying theory of histogenesis is proposed with special reference to the study of Wassermann regarding embryonal lipogenesis. PMID- 7245459 TI - Malignant paraganglioma of retroperitoneum. Light, electron microscopic and ultrasonographic study. AB - A malignant retroperitoneal nonchromaffin paraganglioma in a thirty-four-year-old man was studied by light and electron microscopy. Histologically, the tumor cells displayed a tendency to surround granular, eosinophilic intercellular material and to form nests and pseudo-acini. Ultrastructurally, the tumor was composed of moderately well-differentiated epithelial cells intermixed with sparse sustentacular cells. An organoid pattern, reminiscent of the functional anatomic unit of nonchromaffin paraganglia, was seen occasionally. Epithelial cells formed pseudo-acini around dilated microvillous processes. These morphologic features are consistent with the neurocrestal origin of paragangliomas. The patient died ten months after presentation despite an initial favorable response to irradiation. PMID- 7245460 TI - Sarcoidosis of testis and epididymis. PMID- 7245461 TI - Updating computed tomography of bladder carcinoma in assessing response to immunotherapy and attenuated irradiation. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was utilized as part of the surgical-pathologic radiologic evaluation of 21 patients who were treated for bladder carcinoma with attenuated irradiation and immunotherapy. Fifteen patients had moderately infiltrative (Stage B2-C or less) disease, and it was found that a routine high resolution CT technique using a modern fast scanner delineated the tumor in most cases. More accurate assessment of tumor response to therapy and evaluation of tumor progression were facilitated using a gas insufflation technique combined with intravenous contrast fusion. This was followed in selected cases by quantitative measurements of CT attenuation values using a recently introduced CT software program. Using this program, individual pixel values were obtained in selected areas and evaluation of the resulting numerical data and pixel histograms aided in the differentiation of tumor tissue from adjacent bladder wall and mapped out areas of tumor necrosis. Our preliminary observations suggest that quantitative CT studies incorporating assessment of printouts of attenuation values of adjacent pixels within a region of interest will improve the delineation of smaller (B1/B2) lesions and will aid objective characterization of tumor tissue during and following therapy. PMID- 7245462 TI - Pearls: transurethral resection of prostate. PMID- 7245463 TI - Hemodynamic response to exercise in the unanesthetized calf with pulseless arterial flow. AB - In a chronic unanesthetized calf model with a centrifugal pump inserted from left ventricle to aorta, calves were trained to perform treadmill exercise and undergo hemodynamic measurements. Resting hemodynamic changes with pulseless pumping included increases in cardiac output, aortic pressure, and heart rate, with some decrease in systemic vascular assistance. Treadmill exercise was associated with further increases in cardiac output and heart rate, which progressively increased during the 10 days of observation, with little change in mean aortic pressure. Pump autoregulation responded to the decreased systemic vascular resistance associated with exercise by increasing pump output about 15%, at constant pump rotatory speed. These experiments add further evidence regarding the ability of a centrifugal left ventricular assistance system to support the failing heart and to permit moderate degrees of exercise in the intact unanesthetized calf. PMID- 7245464 TI - Carbon transcutaneous access device (CTAD). PMID- 7245465 TI - Solutizers as an adjunct to artificial organ treatment for bound chemicals. PMID- 7245467 TI - Secretion moderated release of urease from liquid membrane capsules (LMC). PMID- 7245466 TI - Membrane plasma separation for treatment of immunologically mediated diseases. PMID- 7245468 TI - Direct hemoperfusion with noncoated charcoal of high adsorption capacity derived from thermosetting resin. PMID- 7245470 TI - Trace metal protein binding in normal and dialyzed uremic serum. PMID- 7245469 TI - Successful use of two new reactor types in sheep. AB - The new enzyme reactor types based on the use of biogenic material (red cell ghosts and crosslinked fibrin) were tested in vitro and in vivo (sheep). The main characteristics of the reactors were highly maintained substrate affinity, high enzyme activity per unit surface and good physicochemical stability. PMID- 7245471 TI - The effects of carbon hemoperfusion and hemodialysis on fibrinolysis. PMID- 7245472 TI - Improved isolated heart contractility with activated carbon hemoperfusion. PMID- 7245473 TI - The myocardial depressant factor (MDF) in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. AB - Myocardial depression (measured by ventricular function curves on response to a fluid load) has been shown in 10 patients with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Significant inadequate responses were found on evaluation of both the left and right heart. The increased pulmonary vascular resistance associated with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of this disease was shown to correlate inversely with pulmonary wedge pressure, thereby excluding myocardial failure and pulmonary edema as mechanisms for the production of the ARDS. PMID- 7245474 TI - Enhanced thromboresistance of surfaces by denucleation. PMID- 7245475 TI - Effect of dialyzer reuse on leukopenia, hypoxemia and total hemolytic complement system. PMID- 7245476 TI - Role of complement activation in cell adhesion to polymer blood contact surfaces. PMID- 7245477 TI - Visual fluorescent and radio-isotopic evaluation of platelet accumulation and embolization. PMID- 7245478 TI - Serotonin kinetics in the mechanically injured platelet. PMID- 7245479 TI - Effects of antiplatelet agents on platelets exposed to shear stress. PMID- 7245480 TI - Effects of fluid shear and temperature on protein adsorption on teflon surfaces. AB - Partial gold decoration TEM images of protein adsorption on Teflon have been reliably obtained and confirmed by independent imaging methods. Albumin deposits are irregular in shape, unconnected, with low surface coverage in the range of 25 2500 mg/dl. The deposits tend to follow surface structural details to a scale of 4000A. In contrast, Cohn I fibrinogen deposits are reticulated, connected, with high surface coverage, which do not reflect details of surface structure, in the range of 3-300 mg/dl. The albumin adsorbates decrease with increasing wall shear rate and have negligible temperature dependence. The Cohn I fibrinogen adsorbates are not shear dependent, up to 800 sec-1, nor are they temperature dependent from 20-40 degrees C. These results support the view that nondenatured albumin maintains weak protein-polymer and protein-protein bonds, whereas Cohn I fibrinogen adsorbates are fostered by strong protein-protein interactions. PMID- 7245481 TI - Magnesium and calcium mass transfer during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7245482 TI - Membrane permeability changes in long-term CAPD. PMID- 7245483 TI - Continuous slow ultrafiltration in oliguric acute renal failure. PMID- 7245485 TI - Continuous ambulatory hemofiltration. PMID- 7245484 TI - Designing therapeutic modes in nondialytic ultrafiltration. PMID- 7245486 TI - Cell-wash dialysis (CWD). PMID- 7245487 TI - Clinical evaluation of long-term hemodialysis with low dialysate flow rates. PMID- 7245488 TI - Use of povidone iodine in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) -- a technique to reduce the incidence of infectious peritonitis. PMID- 7245489 TI - In vitro hydrodynamic comparison of St. Jude, Bjork-Shiley and Hall-Kaster valves. PMID- 7245490 TI - Effects of preexisting collaterals on myocardial revascularization by counterpulsation. PMID- 7245491 TI - Inflow system for long-term left ventricular assist device (LVAD). PMID- 7245494 TI - Artificial red blood cells. PMID- 7245493 TI - Chronic nonpulsatile blood flow in an alive, awake animal 34-day survival. AB - Most acute studies of nonpulsatile blood flow have shown effects on systemic organs. There have been few long-term studies of the effects of nonpulsatile blood flow due to lack of an appropriate experimental model and, consequently, it is unknown whether mammalian physiology can adapt to chronic nonpulsatile blood flow. The following case report documents the effects of chronic nonpulsatile blood flow in an alive, awake animal maintained with fibrillating ventricles for a period of 34 days. PMID- 7245492 TI - Percutaneous energy transmission systems (PETS). PMID- 7245495 TI - Mechanical circulatory assistance for postoperative cardiogenic shock: a three year experience. AB - Retrospective analysis of 14 patients undergoing circulatory support for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock during the past 3 yrs has demonstrated the ability of the profoundly depressed myocardium to recover. Four patients were totally weaned from circulatory support and 2 are long-term survivors. Our results suggest that improved survival is dependent on the absence of certain peri-operative complications. To improve future clinical results we suggest that prompt application of assist pumping is necessary to eliminate prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass times and subsequent massive bleeding; those circulatory support systems requiring systemic anticoagulation are of no value in the treatment of postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock; the use of atrial cannulation may be advantageous in certain patients to eliminate critical inflow obstruction, further prolongation of cardiopulmonary bypass, and additional myocardial damage; and that the high incidence of right ventricular failure that is refractory to medical therapy makes the ability to support both ventricles mandatory. PMID- 7245496 TI - Recovery of cardiac function with total transapical left ventricular bypass. AB - Transapical left ventricular bypass which withdraws blood directly from the left ventricular apex through a roller pump and outflow filter with return to the femoral artery has been applied in 6 patients with cardiac failure. All patients required total TALVB (with the aortic valve closed) for periods of one to 144 hrs, and 2 patients had recovery of life-sustaining myocardial function, allowing removal of the TALVB system. One patient had complete recovery without other organ dysfunction. Total TALVB continuously decompresses and unloads the left ventricle throughout systole and diastole, and maintains the circulation in otherwise terminal circumstances. PMID- 7245497 TI - Determinants of thrombus formation on surfaces. PMID- 7245498 TI - Further experience with an acute intra-arterial implantation screening test for thrombogenicity of intravascular catheters. PMID- 7245499 TI - Leukocyte response to mechanical trauma - antiplatelet drug effects. PMID- 7245500 TI - Biventricular mechanical assistance in the postcardiotomy patient. PMID- 7245501 TI - Hemocompatibility: effect of structured water. PMID- 7245503 TI - Important factors affecting initial blood-material interactions. PMID- 7245502 TI - Use of a composite biomer/butyl rubber/biomer material to prevent transdiaphragmatic water permeation during long-term, electrically-actuated left ventricular assist device (LVAD) pumping. PMID- 7245505 TI - Morphological alteration of the natural heart with various types of long-term assist pumps. PMID- 7245504 TI - Properties of porous glass membranes with respect to application in blood purification. PMID- 7245507 TI - The effects of acetate, lactate, succinate and gluconate on plasma pH and electrolytes in dogs. PMID- 7245506 TI - Effect of the normalization of acid-base balance on postdialysis plasma bicarbonate. PMID- 7245509 TI - Autoregulation of sodium and potassium removal during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7245510 TI - Prevention of dialysis-induced hypoxemia by bicarbonate dialysis. PMID- 7245511 TI - Alterations in left and right cardiodynamics during continuous flow left ventricular bypass (LVBP). PMID- 7245508 TI - The influence of ultrafiltration (UF) and diffusion (D) on cardiovascular parameters. PMID- 7245512 TI - Hemoglobin solutions as red cell substitutes. PMID- 7245514 TI - HLA-linked iron overload and myopathy in maintenance hemodialysis patients. PMID- 7245513 TI - Dialysis-respiratory distress syndrome in patients with uremia secondary to collagen vascular disease. PMID- 7245515 TI - Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccination in adult chronic hemodialysis patients. PMID- 7245516 TI - Correlation of higher prevalence of pancreatic disease with excess parathyroid hormone in uremia. PMID- 7245518 TI - Reduction in dialysate calcium concentration lowers skin calcium content in patients on chronic hemodialysis. PMID- 7245519 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of the Valsalva maneuver in an asymptomatic hemodialysis population. PMID- 7245520 TI - Vascular stability during hemofiltration. PMID- 7245517 TI - Prevention of hypotension during iso-osmolar hemodialysis with bicarbonate dialysate. PMID- 7245522 TI - Clinical hepatic support by on-line plasma treatment with multiple sorbents - evaluation of system performance. PMID- 7245521 TI - Comparisons of six artificial liver support regimes in fulminant hepatic coma rats. PMID- 7245524 TI - An implantable electrolaryngeal prosthesis. PMID- 7245523 TI - Double filtration plasmapheresis. PMID- 7245525 TI - Systemic thyroxin levels in sheep with a bioartificial thyroid using xenogeneic canine tissue. PMID- 7245526 TI - Clinical application of biventricular bypass with 6 consecutive patients. PMID- 7245527 TI - Pulsatile prosthetic valve flows. AB - The laser Doppler system has been established as a useful tool for eliciting the properties of simulated cardiovascular flows, and thus for comparative studies of flow properties of prosthetic valves. Significant differences among valve types and between models of one type have been documented. The complex variations of velocity profiles with time show that comparisons must be made for unsteady pulsatile rather than steady flow, despite the volume and complexity of the data required. Future studies will include methods of compacting the data presentation and improving the details of the experimental stimulation. PMID- 7245529 TI - Comparative evaluation of nonpulsatile and pulsatile cardiac prostheses. PMID- 7245528 TI - Automated microprocessor controlled combined cardiac assist in profound biventricular failure. PMID- 7245530 TI - Development of a percutaneous access device. PMID- 7245531 TI - Timing during concomitant abdominal left ventricular assist device (ALVAD) and intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) in man. PMID- 7245532 TI - Comparison of hemodynamic changes in a chronic nonpulsatile biventricular bypass (BVB) and total artificial heart (TAH). PMID- 7245533 TI - Totally implantable left ventricular assist device for human application. PMID- 7245534 TI - A new cannulation technique for atrio-aortic left heart support bypass: atrial septum. PMID- 7245535 TI - Comparative study of flocked vs biolized surface for long-term assist pumps. PMID- 7245536 TI - Noninvasive radioisotopic technique for detection of platelet deposition in mitral valve prosthesis and renal microembolism in dogs. AB - At 24 hrs after implantation of Bjork-Shiley mitral prosthesis in 5 dogs, in vivo images were obtained with a gamma camera after intravenous administration (0.5 0.6 mCi) one hour postoperatively of autologous Indium-111-labeled platelets. The site of platelet deposition in the teflon ring and perivascular damaged cardiac tissue is clearly delineated in the scintiphoto. In vitro biodistribution (mean % +/- SD of injected dose) at 24 hrs after injection of the 5 implanted and 7 normal dogs performed with a gamma counter demonstrated that (45.1 +/- 10.6)% and (0.7 +/- 0.4)% were in blood and kidneys in normal dogs and (28.5 +/- 6.8)%, (1.6 +/- 0.6)%, (0.3 +/- 0.1)%, and (0.2 +/- 0.1)% were in blood, kidneys, teflon rings, and perivascular damaged cardiac tissue, respectively. The strut and pyrolytic carbon-coated disc retained only (0.0033 +/- 0.0004)% and (0.0031 +/- 0.0003)%, respectively. There was a 2.3-fold increase of labeled platelets in kidneys of implanted dogs due to renal trapping of microembolism. Also, three- to fivefold increase in ratios of lung, brain, cardiac, and skeletal muscle to blood indicates that internal organs and whole body work as filter for microembolism generated by cardiovascular surgery and mitral prosthesis. Twenty percent of the administered platelets are consumed in surgical repair of damaged tissue. Indium 111-labeled platelets thus provide a sensitive marker for noninvasive imaging of Bjork-Shiley mitral prosthesis, thromboembolism after implantation of prosthetic device, and in vitro quantitation of surgical consumption. PMID- 7245539 TI - Implant results in calves of parathoracic blood pump - thermal energy converter and intrathoracic blood pump - electrical energy converter systems. PMID- 7245538 TI - Integrally textured polymeric surfaces for permanently implantable cardiac assist devices. PMID- 7245537 TI - Mechanical strain and calcification in blood pumps. PMID- 7245540 TI - Disturbed flow in models of branching vessels. PMID- 7245541 TI - A new effective intraoperative hemostat - Superstat. AB - A new effective solvating hemostatic agent, Superstat, has been developed and evaluated in animals and man. It appears to work in part because of its large electron absorbing surface and in part due to the physiologic concentration of contained calcium. The available information from the first 130 patients in which it has been evaluated suggest that it has few, if any, side effects, leaves no residue following use, and is an extremely effective hemostat under most conditions and in all tested operative areas in man. Available data indicate that it has local effects which represent biochemical and ultra-structural interactions with shed blood. PMID- 7245542 TI - The anticancer drug capsule with controlled-release for a long time and change of release rate. PMID- 7245543 TI - Electroosmotic and dialysis processing of cryo-preserved red blood cells using a membrane blood bag. PMID- 7245545 TI - Complement removal by sorbents in membrane plasmapheresis with on-line plasma treatment. PMID- 7245544 TI - Hypoxic hyperthermia induced by extracorporeal circulation: a preliminary report. PMID- 7245546 TI - Blood compatible coating of synthetic immunoadsorbents. PMID- 7245547 TI - Postoperative hemodynamic changes in calves implanted with total artificial hearts designed for human application. PMID- 7245549 TI - Augmentation of gas transfer with pulsatile flow in the coiled tube membrane oxygenator design. PMID- 7245548 TI - Initial design testing of a centrifugal intrathoracic artificial heart and lung. PMID- 7245551 TI - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the treatment of cardiac and respiratory failure in children. PMID- 7245550 TI - Development of an implantable booster lung. PMID- 7245552 TI - Experience with one hundred reinforced expanded PTFE grafts for angioaccess in hemodialysis. PMID- 7245553 TI - Panel conference. Hybrid organs. PMID- 7245554 TI - Panel Conference. From research to development and application of artificial organs: who decides and who pays for what? PMID- 7245555 TI - Panel conference. Respiratory support by artificial organs. PMID- 7245556 TI - Panel conference. Adsorbent hemoperfusion for blood purification. PMID- 7245557 TI - Panel conference. Vascular prostheses and blood access. PMID- 7245560 TI - Panel conference. Blood surface interactions. PMID- 7245562 TI - Development of seamless tri-leaflet valves. AB - In terms of their hydrodynamic characteristics at physiologically-relevant flows, the tri-leaflet valves show remarkable in vitro performance in comparison with similarly sized or even larger prosthetic valves. The ongoing in vivo studies confirmed the importance of adequate fluid mechanical design criteria, surface smoothness and rigorously clean fabrication procedures to minimize thrombo embolic phenomena in the absence of anticoagulant therapies. Results from ongoing in vitro and in vivo durability studies suggest these are promising prostheses for valve replacement. PMID- 7245558 TI - A new automatically controlled electric TAH. AB - Cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms are implemented by means of a very complex control system involving neural, humoral, and mechanical agents. The state of the art in TAH today reveals that we have passed a stage where we can be satisfied with a 6 or 9 mo survival. Development and implementation of a versatile control theory must be another milestone before a TAH can really serve the prospective patient population requiring such a device. This study reveals the vital role and merits as well as the feasibility of incorporating such a control theory into the device. PMID- 7245561 TI - Panel conference. Cardiac support. PMID- 7245559 TI - Panel conference. Daily dialyses - applications and problems. PMID- 7245563 TI - First experience with a mobile total artificial heart system. PMID- 7245564 TI - A new percutaneous intra-aortic balloon. AB - A new percutaneous balloon is described which permits the rapid institution of IABP support and simplified balloon removal. This new balloon was employed in 21 patients with 18 (86%) patients surviving. Percutaneous intra-aortic balloon pumping may broaden the medical and surgical applications of intra-aortic balloon pumping. PMID- 7245565 TI - Causes of thrombosis in angioaccess models in the goat. PMID- 7245566 TI - A comparative study of 402 bovine heterografts and 225 reinforced expanded PTFE grafts as AVF in the ESRD patient. PMID- 7245567 TI - A double-lumen subclavian cannula (DLSC) for temporary hemodialysis access. AB - Vascular access with an indwelling subclavian cannula is now being widely used as an alternative to silastic-teflon shunts or femoral cannulation in patients with end-stage renal failure who are temporarily lacking an arteriovenous fistula. Advantages are the preservation of blood vessels and the avoidance of repeated vein puncture for each dialysis. The only disadvantage of the standard single lumen subclavian cannula is the need to use a single needle machine. This is an encumbrance especially in the management of acute renal failure. We have developed a double-lumen subclavian cannula which, having 2 blood pathways, does not require the use of a single needle machine. This device function well for temporary vascular access in patients with terminal renal failure who are awaiting AV fistula construction or repair. It is also especially convenient in the management of acute renal failure when there are difficulties in the construction of a shunt. PMID- 7245568 TI - Repair versus new arteriovenous fistulae. PMID- 7245569 TI - Presidential address: the training of internal medicine faculty--1980. PMID- 7245570 TI - Reduced coronary flow in a canine model of "muscle bridge" with inflow occlusion extending into diastole; possible role of downstream vascular closure. PMID- 7245571 TI - Markedly increased synthesis of prostaglandin D2 in systemic mastocytosis. PMID- 7245572 TI - Non-invasive in vivo measurement of human iron overload by magnetic susceptibility studies. PMID- 7245573 TI - Prevention and treatment of sickle cell crisis by induced hyponatremia. PMID- 7245575 TI - Growth characteristics of neuroblastoma in vitro correlate with patient survival. PMID- 7245574 TI - Biologically active parathyroid hormone in human hyperparathyroid serum: assay and characterization. PMID- 7245576 TI - Hyperalphalipoproteinemia in hypercholesterolemic adults and children. AB - This report was designed to describe and characterize the proportion of of hypercholesterolemic children and adults in the Lipid Research Clinics collaborative prevalence study whose elevated total plasma cholesterol levels were accounted for by elevated high density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL), not by elevated levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-LDL). In randomly recalled 6-19 year old children having age-, race-, an sex-specific plasma cholesterol levels greater than or equal to 95th percentile levels, 22% of white males, 22% of white females, and 44% of black males had C-HDL, but not C-LDL greater than or equal to age-, sex-, and race-specific 95th percentile levels. In contrast, for adults (ages 20-79 years), 3% of white males, 10% of white females, 17% of black males, and 25% of black females had predominant hyperalphalipoproteinemia which accounted for their hypercholesterolemia. In participants defined as hypercholesterolemic on the basis of two examinations it was observed that the majority of children and adults were in the C-LDL elevated and C-HDL not elevated category. Hypercholesterolemic adults were not as likely as the hypercholesterolemic children to be in the C-HDL elevated and C-LDL not elevated category. For both children and adults, blacks were more likely to have predominant hyperalphalipoproteinemia accounting for their elevated total plasma cholesterol levels than were whites. For hyperalphalipoproteinemic, hypercholesterolemic children and adults, the mean ratio of C-LDL to C-HDL ranged from 1.3 to 1.4 (in children) and 1.4 to 2.1 (in adults), levels well below the overall mean ratio for the entire Lipid Research Clinics random recall group of 2.7 for children and 4.2 for adults. An understanding of the multiple etiologies of hyperalphalipoproteinemic-hypercholesterolemics may be useful in considering programs designed to elevate C-HDL over time, with an aim at reducing CHD risk. PMID- 7245577 TI - Asialo platelets enhance thrombopoiesis. AB - Because the terminal sialic acid of several glycoproteins regulates their intravascular half-life, and because asialo platelets have a shortened survival, we postulated that asialo platelets might affect the basal rate of thrombopoiesis. Thrombopoiesis was measured by the incorporation of intravenous 75Se-selenomethionine (a cohort label) into circulating rabbit platelets. Each animal acted as its own control. In one control group, saline was injected intravenously once daily for two days. 75Se-selenomethionine was then injected, 15 microCi/kgm on day 2 and platelets harvested on day 5 for measurement of specific activity (S.A.), cpm/10(7) platelets. The animals were allowed to rest for two weeks, and the experiment repeated. The ratio of the second SA over the first SA was utilized as the stimulation index. When saline was injected the second time, the stimulation index was 1.22 +/- 0.07 (SEM) in eight animals. Asialo platelets were prepared by incubating washed platelets with neuraminidase, 2 units/ml for 60 min. Injection of 2-4 X 10(9) asialo platelets/kgm (the second time) resulted in a stim. index of 2.08 +/- 0.23 (P less than 0.001) in 11 animals. Similar results were obtained with 1 mM DFP and neuraminidase (12 animals). Negative results were obtained when 11 rabbits were injected with a comparable number of untreated washed platelets, stim. index 1.07 +/- 0.13; when 10 rabbits were injected with sonicated asialo platelets, stim. index 1.10 +/- 0.12; or when four rabbits were injected with platelets treated with chymotrypsin, 3 mg/ml for 45 min, stim. index 0.80 +/- 0.04. We conclude that asialo intact platelets stimulate megakaryocytes to produce more platelets. It is suggested that the basal stimulus to thrombopoiesis may be regulated by desialidated older platelets. PMID- 7245579 TI - Granulocyte cytotoxicity to multicellular organisms is mediated by peroxidative mechanisms. PMID- 7245578 TI - Study of differences of estradiol metabolism between men and women by means of in vivo radiometric analysis. PMID- 7245580 TI - Isopentenyl adenine as a mediator of mevalonate-regulated DNA replication. AB - The model in Figure 6 may serve to explain these findings. Our previous studies have shown that mevalonic acid is essential for DNA replication and that this function is independent of its role as a cholesterol precursor. The present study suggests that the isoprene purine, isopentenyl adenine, or a related isoprene, may mediate this essential role of mevalonic acid in DNA replication. The fact that isopentenyl adenine will also reverse the inhibition of DNA synthesis caused by nalidixic acid (a compound that does not influence cholesterol synthesis and acts directly on DNA replication) suggests that isopentenyl adenine and nalidixic acid may act at a common reaction site in the process of DNA replication. Finally, these findings provide a possible mechanism by which the early steps of cholesterol synthesis may influence the rate of cell replication in normal cells. Coupled with our earlier observation that the feedback inhibition of mevalonate is lost in all malignant tumors, the present results also suggest that a derangement in these early steps of mevalonic acid metabolism may figure in the transformation of normal cells into cancer cells. PMID- 7245582 TI - Infection of human cells in culture with hepatitis B virus. AB - Monolayer cell cultures of hepatocytes were prepared from fresh biopsies of adult human liver. Cultures exposed to HBV developed cytopathic changes, including detached cells, enlarged cells with nuclear inclusions and cytoplasmic vacuoles, cells with ground-glass cytoplasm, and cells linked by long cytoplasmic processes. HeLa cells infected with HBV, or transfected with circular cloned HBV DNA, showed cytopathic effects similar to those observed in cultures of HBV infected hepatocytes. Viral markers were detected in cells and culture medium of cultures exhibiting characteristic cytopathology. The biology of HBV appears to be amenable to study in cell culture systems. PMID- 7245581 TI - Nosocomial outbreak of Legionnaire's disease at the Pittsburgh Veterans Administration Medical Center. PMID- 7245583 TI - Neutrophils synthesize and deposit fibronectin on surfaces to which they attach. PMID- 7245586 TI - Progression and regression of human femoral atherosclerosis. PMID- 7245587 TI - Mortality in stable angina pectoris: medical versus surgical treatment. PMID- 7245589 TI - Interfacing medicine and physics. PMID- 7245584 TI - Defective neutrophil adhesion due to an inherited deficiency of a specific glycoprotein. PMID- 7245585 TI - Erytrocyte adherence to endothelium as a determinant of vasocclusive severity in sickle cell disease. PMID- 7245588 TI - Perspectives on support for the physician-scientist. PMID- 7245590 TI - A cardiovascular survey of the chest x-ray in nearly 5,000 life insurance applicants: normal standards and distribution curves for relative heart diameter. PMID- 7245591 TI - A real effort in the real world. PMID- 7245592 TI - The exercise EKG--who needs it? PMID- 7245593 TI - Coronary artery disease experience 1970-1979. PMID- 7245594 TI - The patient, the peers and the profession. PMID- 7245595 TI - The disabled doctor--an occupational hazard. PMID- 7245596 TI - A national strategy for disease prevention. PMID- 7245597 TI - Sarcoidosis. PMID- 7245599 TI - Clinical and Morphologic basis for prognosis in glomerular diseases. PMID- 7245598 TI - Morbidity and mortality in patients with stroke. PMID- 7245601 TI - Acute arsenic exposure treated with oral D-penicillamine. AB - Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is the arsenic compound most commonly implicated in acute toxic exposures. The toxicity of As2O3 is a function of the preparation's particle size and solubility. A 16-month-old female presented at a local emergency room with a history of acute ingestion of As2O3 obtained from a commonly available pesticide. Classic gastrointestinal symptoms of arsenic toxicity were exhibited shortly after ingestion; however, aggressive decontamination followed by early chelation therapy resulted in the cessation of toxic manifestations and an uneventful recovery. Oral chelation therapy with D penicillamine has rarely been reported as an effective agent in the treatment of arsenic poisoning. The case reported herein is further documentation that D penicillamine is effective in increasing the mobilization of arsenic. The authors also recommend that products containing arsenic compounds should not be used where children may come in contact with them until the Environmental Protection Agency's child resistant packaging regulations become effective. PMID- 7245600 TI - Examination of Mexican vanilla extracts for coumarin adulteration: Part II. PMID- 7245602 TI - Reproductive toxicity risk assessment of chemicals. PMID- 7245603 TI - [Antigenic relations between neuraminidases N 1 of human influenza viruses type A]. PMID- 7245604 TI - Presence of anti-albumin antibodies in viral hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis and several forms of cancer. AB - Anti-albumin antibodies previously described by different authors in viral hepatitis were also investigated in patients with other diseases. Significant titers of such antibodies could be detected -- by passive hemagglutination reactions using a system of bovine serum albumin-coated sheep red blood cells and human sera -- not only in viral hepatitis, but also in infectious mononucleosis cases and in patients with different forms of cancer. Onto-phylogenetic considerations on the significance of these antibodies for different stages of the process of cell de-differentiation or for disorders of intercellular contacts under the action of some viral agents are discussed. PMID- 7245605 TI - Investigations on the risk of virus infection in dental surgery. Preliminary data. AB - Four virus strains -- influenza A/Texas 1/77 (H3N2) an A/USSR 90/77 (H1N1), adenovirus and parainfluenza type 2 -- were isolated from different specimens collected in dental surgery rooms. High levels of antibodies to respiratory viruses (influenza, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3), adeno-, cytomegalic and herpes viruses, as well as the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBs could be detected in sera from patients hospitalized for dento-maxillofacial surgery. An epidemiological survey among dentists and dental assistants confirmed their exposure to an enhanced risk of occupational virus contamination, as compared with other categories of medical personnel. PMID- 7245606 TI - Investigations on the interaction between several aromatic compounds and influenza virus A(H1N1). PMID- 7245608 TI - Reassortment of genome segments between reovirus defective interfering particles and infectious virus: construction of temperature-sensitive and attenuated viruses by rescue of mutations from DI particles. PMID- 7245607 TI - Isolation and preliminary characterization of Sindbis virus-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 7245609 TI - Changes in conformation and charge paralleling proteolytic activation of Newcastle disease virus glycoproteins. PMID- 7245610 TI - Discontinuous lagging strand DNA synthesis at replicating growing points. PMID- 7245611 TI - The generation of defective interfering Rubella virus particles. PMID- 7245612 TI - Formation of reassortant bunyaviruses in dually infected mosquitoes. PMID- 7245615 TI - Inhibition of protein synthesis by vaccinia virus. IV. The role of low-molecular weight viral RNA in the inhibition of protein synthesis. PMID- 7245614 TI - The polypeptides of mumps virus and their synthesis in infected chick embryo cells. PMID- 7245613 TI - Inhibition of protein synthesis by vaccinia virus. III. The effect of ultraviolet irradiated virus on the inhibition of protein synthesis. PMID- 7245616 TI - Biophysical studies of reovirus type 3. IV. Low-angle x-ray diffraction studies. PMID- 7245617 TI - Phosphoproteins of spring viremia of carp virus. PMID- 7245618 TI - Genome of Colorado tick fever virus. PMID- 7245619 TI - Characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant of frog virus 3 defective in DNA replication. PMID- 7245623 TI - Hypertension in adults 25-74 years of age: United States, 1971-1975. PMID- 7245622 TI - Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey: United States, 1979. PMID- 7245620 TI - The intracellular distribution and antiviral activity of amantadine. PMID- 7245624 TI - Characteristics of nursing home residents, health status, and care received: National Nursing Home Survey United States, May-December 1977. PMID- 7245621 TI - Toward an index of preventable mortality. PMID- 7245626 TI - [Ventricular fibrillation and electrical systole in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7245627 TI - [Long term non-invasive study of left ventricular function after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7245625 TI - [50 years of the Central Institute for Continuing Medical Education in Moscow, holder of the Order of Lenin]. PMID- 7245628 TI - [Importance of the ergometric test in detecting latent hypertension (preliminary report)]. PMID- 7245630 TI - [Instant evaluation of thyroid function using peripheral indicators in various combinations. Hierarchy of their reliability in untreated patients]. PMID- 7245631 TI - [Malignant myelofibrosis]. PMID- 7245629 TI - [Gas exchange during physical exercise in disturbed ventilatory function]. PMID- 7245632 TI - [Circulating immunocomplexes in serum in bronchial cancer]. PMID- 7245633 TI - [Electrophoresis of urinary proteins in chronic renal diseases]. PMID- 7245635 TI - [Treatment and prevention of thromboembolism with anti-aggregation drugs]. PMID- 7245636 TI - [False aneurysm of the left ventricle]. PMID- 7245638 TI - [Organizational problems of medical support for diver musters]. PMID- 7245637 TI - [Military scientific work of the military physician]. PMID- 7245634 TI - [Pathogenesis of renal injury in Amanita phalloides poisoning]. PMID- 7245639 TI - [Organization and performance of epidemic control measures in the military unit]. PMID- 7245640 TI - [Role of the large-circulation newspaper of a medical institute in the military and patriotic training of students]. PMID- 7245641 TI - [Let us improve the special training of the medical staff]. PMID- 7245642 TI - [Classification and treatment principles in multiple injury]. PMID- 7245643 TI - [Long-term puncture catheterization of the superior vena cava in intensive care practice]. PMID- 7245644 TI - [Intensive care of acute destructive pneumonia]. PMID- 7245645 TI - [Mitral valve cusp prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 7245646 TI - [Problems of rational nutrition]. PMID- 7245647 TI - [Effect of the degree of physical training on human body resistance to high temperature exposure]. PMID- 7245648 TI - [Individual psychological characteristics of pilots who commit errors]. PMID- 7245649 TI - [Fatigue in sailors]. PMID- 7245652 TI - [Effect of tobacco smoking on the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 7245650 TI - [Evaluation of mental work capacity in neurological syndromes]. PMID- 7245653 TI - [Mental hygiene and psychoprophylactic problems in the practice in the military physician]. PMID- 7245654 TI - [In a situation of high political and work enthusiasm]. PMID- 7245655 TI - [With the competition winners]. PMID- 7245651 TI - [Metrology and military medical technology]. PMID- 7245656 TI - [Traumatic defects of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and reconstructive methods]. PMID- 7245657 TI - [Circulating platelet aggregation in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7245658 TI - [The significance of electronystagmographic findings in the functional evaluation of otosclerosis]. PMID- 7245659 TI - [Treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia - hyperlipoproteinemia type II with anion exchange resins]. PMID- 7245660 TI - [Functional disorders of the nervous system in dermatophytoses]. PMID- 7245661 TI - [Ductus Botalli persistens. Surgical treatment of 573 patients]. PMID- 7245663 TI - [Reaction of alcohols with palladium chloride]. PMID- 7245664 TI - [General principles in the treatment of lung cancer]. PMID- 7245667 TI - [Morphogenetic aspects of thyroid cancer with multiple growth foci]. AB - A complex morphologic study of resected material from 54 patients with primary tumors was carried out. Multiple foci of malignant growth were found in 25 cases. Three types of tumor foci were identified: (1) primary tumor, (2) early stages of multicentral growth and (3) metastases in organs. Morpho-histochemical criteria for diagnosis of morphogenetically -- different foci of malignant growth are discussed. PMID- 7245665 TI - [Drug therapy of dystonia musculorum deformans]. PMID- 7245662 TI - [Use of lyophilized human dura in the treatment of orbital floor fractures]. PMID- 7245668 TI - [Criteria for evaluating drug treatment in malignant tumor metastases to the lungs]. AB - The paper deals with the description of a procedure of assessment of the effectiveness of chemotherapy of pulmonary metastases on the basis of changes of metastasis size in the course of treatment. Inter-perpendicular diameters of metastases were determined by the formula: (Formula: see text), while spherical modes -- (Formula: see text). In cases of multiple metastases, the sum total of all volumes was calculated; for disseminated ones -- the sum total of the volumes of nodes most distinctly seen in radiograms. Construction of graphs for changes in tumor volume during treatment facilities selection of optimal therapy and provides means for retrospective evaluation of its efficacy. PMID- 7245669 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of nonpalpable breast tumors]. AB - 191 patients with nonpalpable breast tumors were admitted to the Clinic of Surgery of the I. M. Sechenov 1st Medical Institute. The tumors were detected during a mass screening survey; none of the patients had any complaints. Examination and palpation failed to detect any pathologic changes in 60.2% of females, while in 39.8%, bilateral mastopathia cystica was found. All patients underwent sectoral resection with interstitial marking of tumor. The marking procedure is described. Morphological examination confirmed X-ray diagnosis in 83% of cases. Most tumors were localized, while incipient invasive features were revealed in 58.3%. Morphologically, such tumors may be considered early cancer. When diagnosis of malignant tumor was confirmed by histological examination, radical mastectomy after the method of Patey was performed (68.9%). The end results of treatment are presented. Early diagnosis and effective therapy of breast cancer are determined by cooperation of X-ray, surgery and pathology department staff. PMID- 7245670 TI - [Clear-cell lung cancer]. PMID- 7245666 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of treating breast cancer metastases to the bones by the "no-pain index"]. AB - The results of evaluation of treatment of 98 breast cancer patients with bone metastases are presented. Metastases appeared 6 months -- 15 years after treatment; on the average, they appeared 20.2 months after treatment. Patients received complex therapy -- radiation and medication. The results of treatment were assessed on the basis of subjective (abatement or cessation of pain) and objective (bone reparation) criteria. Objective effect was observed in 4%, subjective one -- in 68.3% of cases. Apart from survival time and remission, the results of treatment were evaluated on the basis of the duration of painless period expressed by means of "no-pain index" -- the ratio of the painless period duration to survival time which elapsed since skeletal metastasis detection, multiplied by 100. The study showed that complex therapy has a considerable palliative effect in some cases -- abatement or cessation of pain for over 54- 60% of the survival time of patients. PMID- 7245671 TI - [Characteristics of the formation, course and outcome of lymphogranulomatous caverns in the lungs]. AB - Clinico-roentgenological manifestations of specific destructive lesions in the lung in cases of Hodgkin's disease are described. The authors' findings suggest that disintegration focus formation is determined by duration of diseases, rapid regression of specific lesion of the lung as a result of therapy and suppression of reparative regeneration of lung tissue by corticosteroids and possibly, cytostatic drugs. However, a course of cytostatic therapy eventually resulted in the regression of lung tissue alterations and dissolution of disintegration cavities in most cases. PMID- 7245672 TI - [Cryogenic treatment method in benign tumors in infants]. PMID- 7245673 TI - [Effect of fluorothane anesthesia on liver function in children suffering from lymphogranulomatosis]. AB - The effects of different kinds of anesthesia on the function of live (evaluated on the basis of activity of enzymes -- aspartate aminotransferase, fructose-I monophosphate aldelase and glutamate dehydrogenase) were studied in 63 infantile patients with Hodgkin's disease who underwent diagnostic laparotomy with splenectomy. It was found that during the first 6 days after surgery, the rate of activity of these enzymes shows a rise and reaches the upper limits in 77.8% of cases. Halothane anesthesia induced excessive enzymatic activity in 100%, while neuroleptanalgesia -- in 53.8% of cases. Repeated application of halothane produced a higher hepatotoxic effect as manifested by enhanced activity of glutamate dehydrogenase on days 1--2 after operation. PMID- 7245674 TI - [Computerized tomography in the complex diagnosis of space-occupying formations in the kidneys]. AB - A computer tomography study of 10 cases of suspected nodulation in kidneys was carried out. The method proved effective in the identification and differential diagnosis of cysts and tumors in the kidney. Tumors were detected in 40 cases, polycystosis -- in 10 patients. Out of 10 cases, renal polycystosis and clinically -- implicit polycystosis of the liver were revealed in 4 patients. Computer tomography should be carried out at the beginning of examination because it may often save the trouble of using more complicated procedures. Application of computer tomography provides fresh means of differential diagnosis of nodulation in the kidney. PMID- 7245675 TI - [Ultrastructure of transitional cell papillomas of the bladder]. AB - Electron microscopy study of 18 transitional-cell papillomas of human bladder established the predominance of differentiated tumor cells exhibiting the ultrastructural features of superficial or intermediate cells of urothelium. Undifferentiated basal and squamous-epithelial tumor cells were less frequent. The ratio of cells at different stages of differentiation in papillomas of similar histological structure may vary. Application of electron microscopy offers practical advantage since it provides a means of objective assessment of the stage of tumor cell differentiation. PMID- 7245676 TI - [Anatomy and topography of the parasternal lymph nodes in the adult]. AB - A topographo-anatomical study of parasternal lymph nodes in male and female humans, aged 22--85, carried out. Lymph nodes were identified by preparation method, following interstitial injection of Jerota's blue fluid into mammary tissue, diaphragmatic surface of the liver, pleura, pericardium and diaphragm. The numbers of parasternal lymph nodes were determined for each age bracket of males and females. Parasternal lymph nodes at the level of intercostal spaces and costal cartilages on both sides of the sternum were counted. Relatively more lymph nodes were found at the right-hand side than at the left. There are relatively more parasternal lymph nodes at the level of three upper intercostal spaces on both sides of the sternum; these nodes are larger, too. PMID- 7245677 TI - [Status of the diagnostic and therapeutic care for lymphogranulomatosis patients]. PMID- 7245678 TI - [Blastomogenic activity of ethyleneimine in antenatal and postnatal exposure]. PMID- 7245679 TI - [Method of examination of hand function in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7245680 TI - [Results of the 5-year treatment of early forms of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7245682 TI - [Achievements of pediatric cardiorheumatological services in Moscow and perspectives of their development]. PMID- 7245684 TI - [Causes of the ineffectiveness of preventing recurrences of rheumatism with bicillin and means of improvement]. PMID- 7245683 TI - [Incidence of rheumatism among the Taimyr population and the role of environmental factors]. PMID- 7245681 TI - [Effect of laser irradiation on the affected joints in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7245685 TI - [New classification of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7245687 TI - [Comparative study of the cytogenetic activity of acetylsalicylic acid and brufen]. PMID- 7245686 TI - [D-penicillamine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7245688 TI - [Non-flame atomic absorption determination of the lead and cadmium content of poultry products]. PMID- 7245689 TI - [Effect of protein and protein-free nutrition on the adaptability of transamination reactions in the liver]. AB - It has been shown in experiments on rats that aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) and alanine aminotransferase (A1AT) playing an important role in amino acid metabolism by the liver are easily adaptable to nutrition conditions. The activity of the enzymes increase in the liver of rats kept on diet containing 24% of casein and on complete fasting but decreases in the course of administering isocaloric protein-free diet. Replacement of protein-free diet by protein diet after 10 days leads to a drastic increase in the AsAT and A1AT activity. PMID- 7245693 TI - [Effect of vitamin E on the secretion and chemical composition bile in alloxan diabetic Rats]. AB - Experimental study of liver function in male white rats with alloxan diabetes has shown that vitamin E in a dose of 10 mg per 100 g body weight reduces the animals death and intoxication, and speeds up the recovery of liver function. The drug improves excretion of cholates with bile, exerts a beneficial effect on cholesterol and bilirubin secretion with bile. PMID- 7245691 TI - [Mechanisms of the effect of qualitatively varying nutrition on the lipid level of the blood and liver]. AB - Experiments on rats given isocaloric diets with different quantitative and qualitative composition of carbohydrates and fat ad libitum have shown that the amount of lipids in the blood and liver was in good agreement with the rate of apoprotein formation and its content in the liver. Qualitatively different feeding changes the ratio of the main apoproteins in very low-density lipoproteins of the blood and liver. This circumstance is responsible to a great measure for the content of very low-density lipoproteins in the blood. PMID- 7245690 TI - [Effect of the qualitative protein composition on oxidative metabolism at high altitude]. AB - Experiments were carried out on 30 white rats to study the effect of deficiency of three indispensable amino acids (lysine, methionine and threonine) on the activity of oxidative enzymes on the 14th day of the animals' stay in the mountains (3400 m above the sea level). The rats which received a qualitatively inadequate diet as regards protein showed an activation of glycolysis, leading to the accumulation of underoxidized products (lactic acid) and a decrease in the rate of aerobic oxidation of the substances at the expense of the increased permeability of the biological membranes and egress of mitochondrial enzymes (dehydrogenases of Krebs cycle and cytochromoxidase) into cytoplasm. PMID- 7245692 TI - [Prophylactic action of tocopherol in CCl4 poisoning against a background of a varying water-soluble vitamin allowances]. PMID- 7245694 TI - [Effect of the inhibition of thyroid function on gastric juice ionometric indices in dogs]. AB - It has been established in experiments on dogs that inhibition of thyroid function decreases the concentration and the rate of secretion of active hydrogen and sodium ions with gastric juice excreted during histamine stimulation of gastric secretion. It has been revealed in the course of acid formation by the stomach that changes in the concentration and rate of secretion of active hydrogen and sodium ions in gastric juice were in good agreement and manifested unidirectional trends. These findings allow a conclusion about a close relationship between active hydrogen and sodium ions in acid formation by the stomach both in health and disease of thyreogenic origin. It is recommended that the characteristics of the activity, concentration of active ions in gastric juice and their secretion rate be used as criteria for gastric function. PMID- 7245696 TI - [Effect of diet therapy on pancreatic exocrine function in chronic enterocolitis]. AB - The patients with chronic enterocolitis demonstrated considerable changes in exocrine pancreatic function, manifesting in hyperfermentemia, disorders of basal secretion of enzymes, as well as in alterations in the pancreatic response to administration of stimulants. Application of diet 4 with an increased protein quota, restricted number of oligosaccharides and extractive substances favoured normalization of the activity of pancreatic enzymes along with improvement in the patient's clinical status. PMID- 7245697 TI - [Essential fatty acid allowance in patients with malabsorption syndrome]. AB - Absorption and assimilation of some of fatty acids and fatty acid composition of platelet lipids and red cell stroma were studied in 75 patients suffering from the malabsorption syndrome. The patients were distributed in 4 groups in terms of the disease severity. The patients subjected to an extensive resection of the small intestine and those with stage III enterocolitis manifested malabsorption, because of significant steatorrhea, of food polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly of linoleic acid. This led to the deranged formation of lipid structures of biomembranes, which is evidenced by the magnitudes of the essential metabolism ratio (EMR). The disease severity was in good agreement with the intensity of steatorrhea and the decrease of EMR. The data obtained form the basis for recommendations on an adequate fatty acid composition of the diet designed for patients with the malabsorption syndrome. It is thus recommended that the diet should include fat products rich in fatty acids with a short- and medium-size carbon chain, oils rich in oleic acid, and be supplemented as well with polyunsaturated fatty acids in the concentrated form ("essentiale" preparations). PMID- 7245695 TI - [Effect of amino acid imbalance and ascorbic acid deficit on the carcinogenic effect of N-nitrosopiperidine]. AB - A study was made of the effect of ascorbic acid deficiency and low levels of lysine, methionine and threonine on the cancerogenic effect of nitrosopiperidine which was fed to guinea-pigs with drinking water in a single dose of 4.25 mg/kg bw. Deficiency of the nutrients given alone or especially in combination speeded up the growth tumors induced by the cancerogenic agent. A possibility of inducing esophageal tumors in guinea-pigs has been demonstrated for the first time. PMID- 7245703 TI - Automation and data processing. PMID- 7245698 TI - [Iodine in the daily food ration of the inhabitants of the endemic goiter area of the Barguzin River basin in the Buryat ASSR]. PMID- 7245700 TI - [Nutritional characteristics of grape juice made from Belyi Kruglyi grapes]. PMID- 7245702 TI - [Method of producing sour cream for infant and dietetic nutrition]. PMID- 7245701 TI - [Obesity among youths and its relation to certain factors]. PMID- 7245704 TI - Automation and data processing. Introduction. PMID- 7245699 TI - [Relation of the trace element content of grapes and apricots to the type and dosage of herbicides]. PMID- 7245706 TI - A summary of automation trends and standardization. PMID- 7245705 TI - Development of international standards. PMID- 7245708 TI - Integration of automated systems in blood-banking services. AB - The objectives, place and advantages of automation in blood-banking services are outlined with reference to the perennial need of blood services to achieve the optimum balance between fluctuating requirements for and supplies of blood while allowing for the brevity of most blood products' useful life-span. Regional, national and international integration of automated systems in blood services is then shown to depend upon mutual agreement concerning data definitions, formats and representations and the development of an internationally accepted standard blood data communication record is proposed. PMID- 7245707 TI - Recommendations of the task force on codes and machine-readable symbols. AB - The task force recommends the use of common, numeric codes for identifying blood, blood components, blood type, collection center and similar information. The task force further recommends the use of the CODABAR and/or the OCR-B symbol for representing these codes in machine-readable form. Blood product codes, label formats, symbol format control characters and a check digit system are recommended. PMID- 7245710 TI - Application of the OCR-B symbol in the data-processing system of the Finnish Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service. AB - We have used the Optical Character Recognition system B (OCR-B) for automatic identification of blood samples on the Groupamatic 360 and in connection with computerized donor file management and control of blood product processing. For the Groupamatic system a device was constructed that lifts that samples, and during simultaneous rotation and downward movement, the OCR-B identification number on the tube label is read. The results indicate that with appropriate control and check digit design it is possible to achieve an economical and safe machine-readable identification system. PMID- 7245709 TI - Comparison of approaches to national automation: Iran and the Netherlands. AB - Two styles of approach to national automation are discussed. Iran represents the approach labeled "centralistic' and the Netherlands represents the "federalistic' approach. There are obviously numerous compromises between these two extremes. None is necessarily inherently superior to any other; which one is adopted will generally depend upon local circumstances-funding patterns, national attitudes rooted in history, geographic factors and the development history of the blood banking services. PMID- 7245711 TI - Summary of laboratory automation trends. PMID- 7245713 TI - Requirements of automation of record-keeping and blood distribution systems. PMID- 7245712 TI - Recommendations of task force on laboratory automation. AB - The recommendations of the Task Force on Laboratory Automation are mainly general, applicable to all types of major equipment and covering in brief the points most likely to be overlooked in the purchase and installation of blood grouping machines and allied units. The needs for collaboration between users and for the proper use of international standards are stressed. Specific recommendations on the two main systems cover financial implications and the use of the systems in screening for antibodies to red cell antigens. PMID- 7245714 TI - A national blood transfusion system integrating a central computer service with hospital-based minicomputer routines. AB - The factors that should be considered in designing an integrated blood transfusion system are outlined. The system work performed by the Committee of Collaborative EDP Assistance in the Swedish Blood Transfusion Service is reviewed to illustrate these points. The system that has been developed is described. PMID- 7245715 TI - Blood distribution systems and the exchange of information between hospital blood banks and regional blood centers. AB - The advantages and disadvantages of centralized or decentralized reactive or predictive blood distribution systems are presented. A decentralized, predictive distribution system, being used by the Long Island Blood Service Division of the Greater New York Blood Program is described and its applicability to most regional blood supply organizations is emphasized. PMID- 7245716 TI - Controversial and changing trends in blood transfusion. AB - Advances in techniques of blood and plasma donation, cell separation and preservation as well as new methods for plasma fractionation have made component therapy available in countries with an advanced transfusion service. This has broadened the evergreen subject of use and abuse of whole blood with problems emerging from the clinical use of blood products. Without any attempt to cover this endless subjects, this paper will be focused on some controversial and changing trends in the use of cell concentrates. PMID- 7245717 TI - Contamination of commercial blood products by di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and mono 2-ethylhexyl phthalate. AB - Blood fractionation products obtained from three different manufacturers were analyzed to determine if either mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) or di-2 ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) were contaminants of any of the fractionated proteins. The only protein fraction to contain DEHP was factor IX (23 micrograms/ml) from one company. However, MEHP was detected in low levels in several of the 5% normal serum albumin, 5% plasma protein fraction, factor VIII and factor IX samples. 25% normal serum albumin contained the highest level of MEHP with concentrations of up to 300 micrograms/ml (40% of the plasma level) depending on the sample. Attempts to remove MEHP using dialysis or ultrafiltration were unsuccessful and indicated a close association of the MEHP with albumin. There was a definite correlation between storage and transportation conditions and the level of MEHP in both plasma and 25% normal serum albumin. The highest levels of this phthalate acid ester were found in the products made from the plasma which had been shipped at ambient temperature. Contrary to published data, storage of plasma at -30 degrees C for up to 6 months prevented the accumulation of MEHP. PMID- 7245721 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in symptomatic erythrocytosis developing in congenital heart defects]. AB - A case with symptomatic erythrocytosis in a female patient with ductus Botalli persistens is described, diagnosed and treated as erythremia vera. The heart disease advanced with no manifestations, with no complaints until the age of 30, whereon it was manifested with certain complaints and objective findings. The inadequate and difficult assessment of some of the clinical, hematological and other data as X-ray of the heart and ECG, contributed to the improper diagnosis. The patient died at the age of 54. PMID- 7245722 TI - [Prinzmetal's variant form of angina pectoris occurring with ventricular tachycardia, ventricular flutter and fibrillation]. AB - After a brief literature survey, the author described a patient of 42, with its first stenocardia paroxysm, accompanied by tachycardia, clonic-tonic convulsion as MAS syndrome, loss of consciousness and spontaneous restoration. After 6 hours a second stenocardia paroxysm followed, when a gigantic ST segment elevation was recorded in precordial leads, appearance of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, loss of consciousness, restored via defibrillation. ST elevation faded by the 25 the minute. The changes are stressed to be most likely due to coronary spasm of r. descendens of the left coronary artery and to changes in the small myocardial vessels. The opinion that Prinzmetal stenocardia is a variant of angina pectoris is confirmed as well as that paroxysm could be with a lethal end due to ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 7245720 TI - [Cardiac glycoside therapy of congestive heart failure. II]. PMID- 7245724 TI - [Prognostic value of ventricular arrhythmias in myocardial infarct recorded at the end of hospitalization and at the end of the 1st and 2d years]. PMID- 7245723 TI - [Diagnosis and functional assessment of pulmonary thromboembolism]. AB - The authors discuss the problems of diagnostics and functional assessment of pulmonary thrombo-embolia. The potentialities of the clinical indices, electrocardiography, X-ray, blood-gas analysis, capnography, right cardiac catheterization and angiopulmography in the diagnostics and assessment of the form of thrombo-embolia of pulmonary artery were revealed in 54 patients with cardiac and pulmonary form of thrombo-embolia. The stage potentialities in that respect of the various health institutions are outlined and the necessity of evacuation of the patients where they would be best attended is stressed upon. PMID- 7245718 TI - Preparation of leukocyte-poor blood: a comparison of IBM 2991 washing and Huggins freeze-thawing. AB - Frequently, forzen blood is requested in order to provide a leukocyte-poor red cell transfusion and a reduced level of exposure to hepatitis virus rather than in an effort to find serological compatible red blood cells. However, this usage of frozen blood is expensive and, as recently reported, does not eliminate the risk of transmission of hepatitis. To assess the feasibility of substituting washed cell preparations, we have compared the Huggins frozen blood process with the IBM 2991 cell washing technique and have evaluated the efficiency of leukocyte removal and red cell recovery from homologous pools of fresh blood. The results of these experiments combined with the greatly decreased cost (approximately 1/3) and time required (approximately 1/6) indicate that many of the requests which blood banks receive for frozen blood could, in fact, be better met by using cells which have been washed in the IBM 2991. PMID- 7245725 TI - [Determination of the pulse wave spreading rate by the 1st rheographic derivative]. AB - Besides via sphygmography, the propagation rate of pulse wave (PRPW) could be determined also by a synchronous record of volume and differential rheograms of aorta and limbs. For that purpose, 110 clinically healthy subjects were examined, grouped in 3 age groups (15-40, 41-60 and over 60). Synchronous rheographic records from the initial and terminal part of descending aorta with determination of PRRPW along vessels of elastic type (Ve) and from the arch of the aorta-left forearm--for vessels of muscular type (Vm) were recorded. By variation analysis the average values of Vm, Ve and the ratio Vm/Ve for the separate age groups within a norm were derived. With the analysis of the values obtained, an increase of PRRPW with age advancing along both traces (Vm, Ve) in the first two groups was established. PRRPW increase was more significant in the elderly group (over 60); mainly on account of the vessels of elastic type (Ve). The ratio Vm/Ve, which in normal subjects is always over unity, in youths and at a moderate age tends to approach unity or to drop under unity with advanced age. In 15 of the patients, with hypertonic disease, second stage, both PRRPW along VE and the diminution of the ratio Vm/Ve to or under unity is more pronounced in patients with hypertonic disease, stage II, B. In 15 patients with advanced age, with clinically confirmed atherosclerosis, but without hypertension, PRRPW was the largest, the ratio Vm/Ve being always under unity. After a technical reconstruction the 3-canal ECG apparatuses type NEK-3 could adequately be used both for synchronous rheographic records and determinations of PRRPW along the vessels of elastic and muscular type. PMID- 7245719 TI - Studies on the in vivo elution of 51Cr from baboon red blood cells. AB - Four anticoagulant solutions were added to baboon red blood cells prior to labeling with 51Cr to determine how each would influence the distribution of 51Cr within the red blood cells, the loss of 51Cr from the red blood cells after transfusion, and the calculated red cell survival value. The 51Cr label was detected in the hemoglobin and in the low molecular weight compounds within the red blood cells. The elution of 51Cr from labeled baboon red blood cells following transfusion could not be explained by the distribution of 51Cr between hemoglobin and low molecular weight compounds within the red blood cells. PMID- 7245727 TI - [Clinical dynamic ECG observations of the physical load tolerance of myocardial infarct patients]. AB - Dynamic ECG observations are reported after a full day interval motor programme, applied with four motor regimes on patients with myocardial infarction under clinical conditions. The motor programme was used for the treatment of 241 patients, distributed into 2 groups. Observation on the effect of peak physical loading at the end of each motor regime was also reported. The authors concluded that the tolerance to physical loading was adequate, being confirmed by the absence of significant ECG dynamics even with the peak loadings, performed at the end of all motor regimes. PMID- 7245728 TI - [Effect of using a mexitil preparation in cardiac rhythm disorders]. AB - The results from the treatment of cardiac rhythm disorders with mexitil are reported: 26 cases with ventricular extrasystoles, 3--with ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia, 2--with supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia, 1--with auricular extra-systoles, 7--with combined rhythm disorders in patients with ischemic heart diseases mainly. Very good treatment effect was observed in 24 patients, good--in 7, insignificant--in 3 and no effect--in 2 patients. Mexitil was concluded to be an antiarrhythmic drug with a good tolerance and well manifested therapeutic effect, mainly in ventricular rhythm disorders. PMID- 7245730 TI - [Qualitative control in determining iron and copper in the blood serum]. AB - The results from the intra-laboratory control of precision and accuracy of the determinations of Fe and Cu in blood serum by atom absortion spectrophotometry are reported. The determinations are made by atom absorption spectrophotometer Perkin Elmer Model 460. With Fe--reproducibility presented by the variation coefficient (VC) and tested in series is 2,45 p. c.; followed up periodically in time--it fluctuates from 4,40 to 2.07 per cent. The same data for Cu are; reproducibility in series 1,04 per cent, reproducibility in time from 8,25 to 2.10 per cent. With the optimization of the analytical conditions during the observation period, the dispersion of the results decreases and VC from the last several months approached 3 per cent, both for Fe and Cu. The data from the investigation on the accuracy of the normal and borderline region of Fe and Cu in serum are within the indicated limits for the control material (plus or minus 257). The attempt for detection of added quantities gave a detectability between 96,5 and 98,2 per cent for Fe and between 99,8 and 104,8 per cent for Cu. PMID- 7245726 TI - [Hypertension incidence and its reflection in vascular and organic lesions in 9014 autopsies of subjects over 14 years of age]. AB - The authors found arterial hypertension in 1943 (21,55%) of the deceased (males 17,7% and females 26,62%) out of 9015 necropsies performed on subjects over the age of 15, for the time period January 1, 1967-February 28, 1979 at a general hospital. According to etiology 59,18 per cent of them were with essential hypertension (hypertonic disease--HD) and 40,18 percent--with renal hypertension. The average duration of hypertension in those that had died of hypertonic disease, according to anamnestic data was 15,8 years. Only 5,47 per cent of the hypertonics, died after the age of 50, whereas more than 40 per cent of them died after the age of 55, so that age type hypertension could be referred to in those cases. In 98,10 per cent of the deceased of HD, hypertrophy of left ventricle was found in 85,92 per cent, its wall being equal to or over 20 mm. Atheromatosis, stage II and higher (atherosclerotic plaques, plaques with calcium deposition and with complications--hemorrhage, thrombosis, etc) were found in 84,84 per cent of the deceased with HD, over the age of 50. The authors found an extremely high correlation relation-ship between the incidence and severity of atheromatosis of aorta, coronary and cerebral arteries and the age of the deceased of HD, but at the same time--a statistically significant difference between the incidence and severity of atheromatosis in those regions of the deceased with HD and the controls--normotonics (524 deceased). The relatively long duration of life-span of the deceased of HD--an average of 67,4 years, is attached, by the authors, to the favourable role of the present antihypertensive treatment and to a more frequent development of HD at an advanced age. PMID- 7245731 TI - [Quality control in acid-base and gas analysis of the blood]. AB - The data from the intra-laboratory qualitative control art analyzed--accuracy and reproducibility of the results from the determinations of pH, pCO2 and pO2. Reproducibility is followed day by day and the accuracy of the results from the determinations of pH, pCO2, and pO2. The determinations were performed as follows: pH--by micro-electrode, pCO2--by equilibrium and by selective electrode, pO2--by electrode, Clark type with apparatuses VME 22, VME 32 and automatic analyser for blood-gas analysis ABL 2 (Radiometer). Acidbasol and Versatol Acid Base were used as control materials in the three ranges: normal, acid and alkaline. Reproducibility of the results as regards time, presented by variation coefficient (VC), followed up for a period of 9 months by the control materials Acidbasol with ABL 2 apparatus proved to be very good in the three ranges tested for pH and pCO2. Results dispersion is higher with pO2 determinations, even higher with the low values. The accuracy of the results from pH and pCO2, determinations for the same period was within the allowable limits. A very good reproducibility of pH and pCO2 was indicated by the reproducibility data in time of the results from pH and pCO2 determinations from one year with the three apparatuses, making use of the control serum Versatol Acid-Base for the three ranges. Better variation coefficients by equilibrium method were established for the higher values of pCO2 with its automatic determination. High reliability of the investigation methods was established be the results from the systematic qualitative control of acid-base and blood-gas parameters. PMID- 7245729 TI - [Changes in the serum lipid indices in acute pneumonia and their clinical significance]. AB - Some lipid indices were studied in the course of acute bacterial and viral pneumonias in 102 patients, aged from 18 to 45. Statistically significant increase of total lipids, NEFA and EFA was established as well as insignificant increase of triglycerides and significant decrease of alpha-lipoproteins. Bacterial pneumonias are distinguished by a more manifested increase of total lipids and EFA, the viral pneumonias--by a more markedly decrease of alpha lipoproteins. The discrepancies are statistically significant. The changes are of a transitory character and on the 40 th day of the treatment significant tendencies for normalization of the indices changed were established. PMID- 7245732 TI - [Ectopic ACTH syndrome]. PMID- 7245733 TI - Extrahepatic biliary duct trauma--a spectrum of injuries. AB - Blunt traumatic injury of the extrahepatic bile ducts (EBD) is uncommon. Familiarity with the wide spectrum of possible EBD injuries is essential, however, because of the increasing number of nonpenetrating abdominal injuries seen in modern society. These injuries include contusion with edema, hematoma and varying degrees of laceration. Edema and hematoma can result in transient bile duct obstruction that clears spontaneously or cicatrizing inflammatory reaction resulting in stricture and obstruction. Common bile duct stricture following blunt trauma is extremely rare, but is an unfortunate late complication requiring biliary decompression to relieve progressive jaundice. Laceration (partial or complete) can occur at any location in the EBD and can be life-threatening if the diagnosis is overlooked. Hemobilia is an unusual complication of laceration of the EBD. Failure to recognize the clinical manifestations of these uncommon injuries results in delayed and often incorrect diagnoses. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is a safe and accurate procedure that is an important step in the workup of jaundice following blunt trauma. PMID- 7245734 TI - Recent advances in cataract operations--phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation and prolonged-wear soft contact lenses. AB - A standard cataract extraction involves removal of the entire cataractous lens through a 12- to 13-mm incision with the aid of a cryoprobe while phacoemulsification consists of removing the cataract through a 3-mm incision by breaking the lens into small pieces with an ultrasonically vibrating needle which is then used to aspirate the fragmented cataract. Most ophthalmic surgeons choose to carry out the standard cataract extraction because although phacoemulsification offers a more rapid rehabilitation due to smaller incisions, it requires special training and experience and expensive, complicated equipment. Once the cataract is removed, vision can be restored with strong cataract glasses, contact lenses or intraocular lens implants. Cataract glasses are the safest but produce a magnified image. Contact lenses produce more normal vision but are often difficult to handle. Intraocular lenses offer the most normal vision but are accompanied by an increased risk of complications. PMID- 7245736 TI - Measuring blood pressure in young patients. PMID- 7245737 TI - From clubbing to collagen. PMID- 7245738 TI - The changing cigarette. PMID- 7245739 TI - Idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (pachydermoperiostosis). PMID- 7245735 TI - Blood pressure in infants children and adolescents. AB - In infants the flush and Doppler methods of blood pressure measurement are usually used. The flush method measures mean pressure; the Doppler method, systolic and diastolic pressures. Normal flush values from 1 to 12 months of age do not exceed 100 mm of mercury; Doppler systolic levels do not exceed 113 mm of mercury. Data concerning normal limits for children and adolescents are conflicting. For practical purposes, a persistent pressure of 140 mm of mercury systolic or 90 mm of mercury diastolic in patients more than 10 years of age is indicative of hypertension. In those younger than 10 years, systolic pressure does not normally exceed 130 mm of mercury and diastolic pressure does not normally exceed 85 mm of mercury. Primary hypertension is relatively infrequent in pediatric patients and diagnosis should be made with deliberation and caution. Antihypertensive drug therapy is indicated only for severe hypertension and in selected cases of moderate hypertension. PMID- 7245741 TI - Treatment of agenesis of the diaphragm and esophageal crura--an 18-year follow up. PMID- 7245742 TI - Preventive medicine in practice: the state of the art. AB - Primary and secondary prevention, as opposed to tertiary prevention, is the logical approach to attack today's leading causes of premature death. To apply preventive medicine in their practices, physicians may use a number of tools. The traditional annual examination should be abandoned in favor of periodic screening of asymptomatic patients according to age and sex. Screening should be done on a case-finding basis, facilitated by use of a longitudinal screening flow sheet and evaluated by use of a retrospective audit. An age-sex register can help identify which patients belong to a high-risk group. Health hazard appraisal is a tool for estimating a patient's risk before and after prescribed preventive intervention, and may stimulate patient risk factor reduction-as may other behavior modification techniques. In many cases these tools can be applied by paramedical personnel. Further research is needed to gauge the effects of these techniques on risk, morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7245743 TI - [Plasma factor IX level after cryoprecipitate separation]. PMID- 7245740 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis as a cause of fever of undetermined origin. PMID- 7245744 TI - [AB0 blood groups in patients hospitalized for epistaxis]. PMID- 7245745 TI - [Relative incidence of laryngeal cancer and AB0 blood groups]. PMID- 7245746 TI - [The larynx after thyroidectomy]. PMID- 7245747 TI - [Prognostic possibilities in closed craniocerebral trauma]. PMID- 7245748 TI - [Comparative studies of the human chorionic gonadotropin levels in threatened abortion by the passive hemagglutination inhibition and Gravindex tests in the 1st and 2d trimesters of pregnancy]. PMID- 7245749 TI - [2 cases of benign bronchial neoplasms (hamartoma)]. PMID- 7245751 TI - [Case of traumatic kidney rupture with simultaneous avulsion of the renal artery and congenital absence of the kidney]. PMID- 7245752 TI - [Case of systemic scleroderma with atypical clinical course]. PMID- 7245753 TI - [Recurrent loin pain - hematuria syndrome]. PMID- 7245755 TI - [Case of Herman's syndrome]. PMID- 7245756 TI - [Sotos' syndrome]. PMID- 7245750 TI - [Retroperitoneal cyst]. PMID- 7245754 TI - [Bilateral subdural hygroma after blunt craniofacial trauma]. PMID- 7245757 TI - [Proposed model of medical history taking in coronary disease and the evaluation of its usefulness in the differential diagnosis of coronary pain and other chest pains]. PMID- 7245758 TI - [Evaluation of thyroid activity in chronic circulatory insufficiency using the T3 and resin uptake tests]. PMID- 7245759 TI - [Histoclinical analysis of Papanicolau cytological smears group III]. PMID- 7245760 TI - [Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy]. PMID- 7245761 TI - [Diagnostic value of the determination of albumin and immunoglobulin G concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 7245762 TI - [Bentonite, latex and charcoal tests in clinical diagnosis]. PMID- 7245763 TI - [19-year survival after surgical treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. PMID- 7245764 TI - [Chest wall lipoma simulating pneumothorax]. PMID- 7245765 TI - [Duodenal perforation by a foreign body]. PMID- 7245767 TI - [Provocation tests in the diagnosis of food hypersensitivity]. PMID- 7245766 TI - [Case of ureteral tumor coexistent with ureteral calculi]. PMID- 7245768 TI - [Case of unusually strong sympathetic nervous system reactions caused by fear of surgery for senile cataract]. PMID- 7245770 TI - [Agreement and contradictions in clinical and anatomopathological diagnoses]. PMID- 7245769 TI - [Course of convalescence after chronic benzene poisoning]. PMID- 7245771 TI - [Influence of physical training on resting and exercise haemodynamics in patients after acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Resting and exercise haemodynamics were investigated in 17 patients with acute myocardial infarction after hospital treatment at the end of the third week. After 8 weeks of physical training measurements were repeated. The data were analyzed for the whole group and also with respect to enddiastolic pulmonary pressure (PAEDP) during exercise (50 Watts). Group I: (PAEDP less than 20 mm Hg) was regarded as normal. Group II: (PAEDP greater than 20 mm Hg) as pathological. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure during rest and exercise were not influenced by the training programme in the total group nor on subdivision into groups I and II. Resting heart frequency was reduced by 5 beats per minute in the total group after rehabilitation, but there was an increase of 10 beats per minute (p less than 0.05) on exercise in group I. Resting double product remained unchanged in all groups, but during exercise an increase from 15.8 +/- 3.4 to 18.1 +/- 4.1 (p less than 0.05) was noticed in group I. The reduction in double product during exercise in group II was insignificant. Under resting conditions PAEDP remained unchanged, but during exercise the mean PAEDP in the total group increased from 21.2 +/- 6.0 mm Hg to 24.3 +/- 6.0 mm Hg after rehabilitation. 15 out of 17 patients showed pathological values after rehabilitation. Increase in heart frequency and PAEDP may be interpreted as signs of heart failure during exercise. Therefore, an intensive exercise programme three weeks after acute myocardial infarction may be premature. PMID- 7245772 TI - [Hepatitis B antigen in patients undergoing gastroscopy (author's transl)]. AB - 497 patients undergoing gastroscopy were tested for RIA for HBs antigen, HBs antibody and HBc antibody. In 21.9% of these patients (women 19.6%, men 23.3%) one of these tests was positive. The high frequency of positive HBc antibody is remarkable. 7% of our patients (women 7.8%, men 6.3%) were HBs antigen positive and, therefore, a source of infection for doctors and nurses of an endoscopic unit. The results are comparable with studies from other units reported in the literature. PMID- 7245773 TI - [Cardiac arrest following protamine sulphate administration (author's transl)]. AB - This study presents the case history of a patient who suffered from recurrent pulmonary embolism, despite heparinisation, after a car accident and who died during preparation for caval ligature. We feel that the protamine sulphate given for neutralization of the heparin effect played an important role, since no signs of massive pulmonary embolism were found at autopsy. Protamine sulphate is known to possess a significant cardiovascular depressive action. On the basis of a survey of the literature the possible potentiation of circulatory insufficiency by changed haemodynamics following pulmonary embolism, induction of anaesthesia, and protamine sulphate is discussed. Proposals for improved management of such case are made. PMID- 7245774 TI - [Therapeutic efficacy of slow-release allopurinol in gout and hyperuricaemia (author's transl)]. AB - The efficacy of a retard preparation of allopurinol is verified by biochemical, pharmacological and clinical investigations. The action of a 300 mg allopurinol tablet, with normal release and absorption parameters, is based on the specific activity of oxypurinol, a metabolite which is formed from allopurinol according to a biotransformation process. The inhibitory action of oxypurinol on xanthine oxidase amounts to only 1/5th of that of allopurinol. On the other hand allopurinol shows an extremely short half life, so that a slow-release preparation of allopurinol seems the better way of administration to get adequate uricostatic efficacy by a single dose over a 24-hour period. PMID- 7245775 TI - [Traumatic herniae in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Traumatic herniae in childhood are discussed on the basis of four cases, one of diaphragmatic rupture, two of abdominal wall herniae and one of intercostal hernia. The increase in such injuries is attributed to the rise in road accidents, especially involving bicycles. The typical mode of injury in the cases of abdominal and thoracic wall herniae was by falling onto the handle bars. PMID- 7245776 TI - [Determination of the morbidity due to inhalation allergies in Viennese schoolchildren (author's transl)]. AB - According to the medical literature there is a huge variation of between 0.4 and 49% of the population reported to suffer from inhalation allergies. In general, however, reference is made time and again to the increasing incidence of allergies, particularly in children. In the present study 3,158 Viennese schoolchildren of three different age groups (8, 12, and 16 year-olds) were tested for inhalation allergy. Precise case histories were elicited and skin tests carried out in all children, and if one of these criteria was positive an immunological examination was performed in addition, in order to detect any specific antibodies in the serum. A point system was used for the diagnosis of allergy. The tests showed that 17.6% of the schoolchildren have an allergic predisposition, 10.1% suffer from clinically manifest allergy and 7.5% show a subclinical form. With advancing age the percentage of children suffering from allergies increases significantly: While among the 8 year-olds only 13.6% show a predisposition to allergy (6.8% manifest, 6.8% latent), the incidence among the 16 year-olds is as high as 22.1% (14.2% manifest, 7.9% latent). Among the allergy patients pollen sensitization was found to exist in 71.7% of cases, sensitivity to household-dust mites in 23.1% and 5.2% reacted to multiple allergens. The results of this study are discussed and compared with internationally obtained data. PMID- 7245777 TI - [Urinary testosterone excretion in boys in relation to other parameters of somatic maturity (a longitudinal study) (author's transl)]. AB - The dependence of urinary testosterone excretion on age was studied in healthy male volunteers. Furthermore, it was determined monthly over 2 years in 20 boys aged 10 to 12 years. The values obtained for urinary testosterone were compared with the parameters of somatic growth like bone age, height, weight and testicular volume. The greatest intraindividual changes in testosterone excretion were found during puberty, and also a great interindividual difference in the onset of puberty. A relatively good correlation was obtained for the mean testosterone excretion and the bone age, on the one hand, and the testicular volume of a boy on the other hand. PMID- 7245778 TI - [Congenital toxoplasmosis in two newborn infants (author's transl)]. AB - Two newborn infants with congenital toxoplasmosis despite serological testing during pregnancy were observed at our premature and neonatal intensive care unit within a short time of one another. In one case the counter-regulatory late first test, performed only in the 26th week, was positive with a high titre. The immediately recommended treatment was not carried out. Apart from the signs of congenital generalized infection, the newborn infant already manifested chorioretinitis and encephalitis. In the second case the initially serologically negative pregnant women became infected only during the 35th to 36th week of gestation, around the time of the third serological examination. The child was born with slight signs of general infection, but without CNS involvement. Immediate postnatal treatment resulted in complete cure. This shows that such rare cases which can no longer be detected by serological testing can be treated postnatally with good results. PMID- 7245779 TI - [Salzburg's regional health facilities in the last 10 years (1970 to 1980)]. PMID- 7245780 TI - [Atrial-triggered pacemaker-system in a patient with total AV-block caused by sarcoidosis of the heart (author's transl)]. AB - The possible effects of sarcoidosis of the heart on the conduction system and their treatment are discussed. In the underlying case this rare cardiac manifestation of sarcoidosis resulted in a total AV-block. Rehabilitation of the young patient was facilitated by implantation of an atrial-triggered pacemaker system which is the best possible way of therapy. PMID- 7245783 TI - Recent trends in sex mortality differentials in the United States. AB - In the 1970s, the United States population experienced a notable drop in mortality rates, after several decades of relative stability. Has this increased longevity been enjoyed equally by males and females, so that sex mortality differentials are essentially the same as before? Or has one sex benefited more than the other? This paper focuses on the mortality experience of males and females between 1970 and 1977, by age and by leading causes of death. The 1970 1977 data are compared with two earlier periods (1920-1950 and 1950-1970) to show how recent trends contrast with previous ones. Overall, the recent data suggest a new situation for sex mortality differentials. In prior decades, females' longevity advantage over males increased. This continuing increase appeared for virtually all ages and leading causes. But in the 1970s, the increase slowed. Females' situation relative to males actually worsened for several age groups (under 1, 55-64) and for several leading causes (conditions of early infancy, bronchitis/empysema/asthma, homicide, peptic ulcer). Moreover, the pace of females' gains for heart diseases and cancer has slowed, and relative gains have stopped for cerebrovascular diseases and accidents. Reasons for recent changes in sex mortality differentials and possible future trends are discussed. PMID- 7245781 TI - [The TUR-syndrome and its importance to the anesthetist (author's transl)]. AB - The so called TUR-syndrome is even today not to be underestimated a complication of the transurethral prostatectomy. In a retrospective study covering a time of three years and dealing only with transurethral prostatectomies under spinal anesthesia the frequency and degree of severity of the TUR-syndrome, the correlation between the early symptoms and the incidence and between the length of resection and the degree of severity of the syndrome were investigated. Furthermore the possibilities of prophylaxis and optimal therapy were inquired and recommendations were given for both of them. Finally it was pointed out, that since the first reports on the TUR-syndrome no really new aspects were gained in prophylaxis and therapy. PMID- 7245782 TI - [Eosinophilia for years in a patient with antibodies directed against larva migrans visceralis (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given on a 60 years old male patient with a varying eosinophilia and leucocytosis during a period of 8 years. The patient was suffering from coronary heart disease, which finally was the cause of death. Antibodies against larva migrans universalis were identified with the Ouchterlony technique as well as with the microprecipitation test for living toxocara larva twice within a period of 3 years. The post mortem examination showed severe sequelae of the coronary heart disease with callosities and aneurysma, whereas parasitic granulomas were missed. The question is discussed if the eosinophilia may be a sequela of the coronary heart disease or a result of an infection with larva migrans visceralis, in spite of the lack of a histological evidence. PMID- 7245784 TI - Working for women's health: The Women's Health Alliance of Long Island, Inc. AB - This article discusses the history of Long Island's feminist health organization, The Women's Health Alliance of Long Island, Inc. This community-based women's group was formed in 1975 by a group of educators, practitioners, students, and intersted laywomen who were concerned about health care for women in New York City and Long Island. Today, services include a major Women and Health conference held each spring, a feminist health education center, several smaller presentations for specific groups, and related projects. Through our history, we have faced difficult decisions regarding our functions, goals, and structure. This article addresses the means we have used to mediate these decisions in order to continue our programs and to open our voluntary agency, Healthouse, which functions as a resource and educational center for women. PMID- 7245785 TI - The alternative birth center: option or cooptation? PMID- 7245786 TI - Gender specific differentials of medical practice in California. AB - To determine if differences exist in medical practice between male and female physicians, data were obtained from the biennial questionnaire required of all physicians in California in order to maintain their license. Gender data were analyzed in relation to a variety of practice variables. Differentials in medical and surgical specialization, practice settings, hours spent in primary and secondary specialties, primary professional activities, and geographic location were all studied. It was concluded that significant differences were found between male and female physicians in many of the practice variable studies. Implications of findings for the future recruitment of women into medical training programs, the national health personnel or "manpower" scene, and the U.S. health care delivery system are discussed. PMID- 7245787 TI - Stress ulcer and erosive gastritis--introduction. PMID- 7245788 TI - Cytoprotection of the gastric epithelium. PMID- 7245790 TI - Role of gastric mucosal energy metabolism in the etiology of stress ulceration. PMID- 7245789 TI - The pathophysiology of stress ulcer disease. PMID- 7245793 TI - Evaluation of extensive lymph node dissection for carcinoma of the stomach. PMID- 7245792 TI - Stress ulcer disease in the burned patient. PMID- 7245791 TI - Drug-induced gastric mucosal injury. PMID- 7245794 TI - Total and proximal gastrectomy in the treatment of gastric carcinoma: a series of 305 cases. PMID- 7245796 TI - Results of partial and total pancreaticoduodenectomy in 117 patients with chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7245797 TI - The effect of highly selective vagotomy on canine gastric mucosal blood flow. PMID- 7245795 TI - Results of resection of carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia in 196 patients. PMID- 7245798 TI - An improved microsurgical course for a mixed group of surgeons. PMID- 7245799 TI - Infant, child and maternal mortality and associated conditions of health in the Greater Kabul region of Afghanistan. AB - This acticle presents an analysis of data obtained by the ad hoc Survey of Infant and Early Childhood Mortality in Relation to fertility Patterns, that was conducted in the Greater Kabul region of Afghanistan between 1972 and 1975(2). It begins with an outline of the survey's methodology and some general background information on the population under study. We then derive estimates of fertility and infant and child mortality. This is followed by an examination of the reproductive health of women. We then outline the findings of an intensive enquiry into the correlates and causes of the child deaths observed by the survey. The level of child care of the population is examined with reference to patterns of feeding and immunizaiton. Finally we draw together and comment upon the main findings of the survey. PMID- 7245801 TI - Author's correction: growth characteristics of the fetal ligament of the head of femur: significance in congenital hip disease. PMID- 7245800 TI - Infant and juvenile mortality at Algiers. Results of the survey organized by WHO and the Ministry of Public Health in 1974-1975. PMID- 7245802 TI - A non-pharmacologic approach to the treatment of exercise-induced bronchospasm. AB - We investigated the effects of breathing air warmed and fully saturated to body temperature (AWS) before, during, and after exercise in asthmatic subjects. Airway responses to submaximal exercise on a cycloergometer were measured on four separate days in 14 asthmatic volunteers. On day 1 the subjects exercised breathing ambient air (AA). On the subsequent three days exercise was performed with the subjects breathing AWS, (1) for five minutes preceding, (2) during, and (3) for five minutes following exercise. We showed complete protection against EIB by AWS during exercise, but no protection by AWS before or after exercise. On two subsequent days we examined the effects of partially warming and humidifying the subjects' inspired air by having them wear a mask during exercise. We found that with such protection bronchospasm was significantly but not completely blunted. We conclude that the physiologic changes initiated during exercise can be prevented by breathing AWS during exercise, but are not by AWS inhaled before or after exercise. Furthermore, these studies demonstrate the possibility of using masks as a non-pharmacologic means of controlling EIB. PMID- 7245803 TI - Pulmonary renal syndromes--a review. AB - Several systemic diseases share clinical, pathologic and radiologic characteristics. This article emphasizes similarities and differences in the clinical and chest radiographic manifestations of six diseases with both pulmonary and renal abnormalities-Goodpasture's syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and scleroderma. PMID- 7245805 TI - Yale-China association exchange programs in medical sciences: past, present, and future. AB - There has been a close association between Yale University and educational institutions in China for almost 80 years. Although this relationship was interrupted during the early years of the People's Republic of China, collaboration between Yale and medical institutions in China is in the process of being resumed. The history of this collaboration and the opening phases of its resumption are described. PMID- 7245804 TI - The physiology of vasopressin release and the pathogenesis of impaired water excretion in adrenal, thyroid, and edematous disorders. AB - Osmotic control for vasopressin release has been recognized for several years. Further understanding of factors affecting the sensitivity and threshold of ADH release has been advanced by the technological development of a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Evidence suggesting that ADH secretion is also mediated by nonosmotic stimuli involving a separate anatomic pathway from the hypothalamic osmoreceptor has been well documented. Experimental results suggest that the parasympathetic afferent pathways from both "high" and "low" pressure receptors constitute the most important nonosmotic pathways for ADH release. Factors such as hypoxia, altered hemodynamic states, alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimuli, nicotine, adrenal insufficiency, and advanced hypothyroidism are likely examples which activate this nonosmotic pathway. Clarification of the exact interrelationship between the osmotic and nonosmotic release of ADH needs further examination, particularly in the area of central neurotransmitters. However, available information allows for the proposal of a model of this interaction and its clinical implications which may explain many cases of "reset osmostat." Recent available data also provide support for ADH playing a role in the maintenance of blood pressure under certain circumstances. Like other potent vasoconstrictors, preliminary evidence suggests that ADH requires transcellular calcium influx for its vascular effects. Adrenal, thyroid, and edematous disorders have all been shown to be associated with abnormal water excretion. The results of recent studies indicate that these abnormal physiological states have impaired water excretion as a result of both nonosmolar factors stimulating ADH release and intrarenal factors, including diminished glomerular filtration rate or increased proximal tubule reabsorption which lead to decreased distal fluid delivery to the diluting segment of the nephron. Verney's original studies demonstrating the osmoreceptor regulation of ADH release remain a milestone in renal physiology. In the past decade, considerable new information about nonosmotic regulation of ADH has led to further understanding of renal water regulation in health and disease; nevertheless, many of these answers have only stimulated the imagination to ponder even more questions. PMID- 7245806 TI - Changing health policy in the post-Mao era. AB - A shift away from Mao Zedong's concept of equality in the delivery of medical care is now taking place in The People's Republic of China. This change is evident in the emphasis now placed upon high technology, basic research, and hospital care. All of these changes are occurring against the backdrop of extremely scarce medical resources. Medicine seemingly is viewed as one of many material incentives to be provided high productivity and leadership groups; the "modernization" of medicine is seen as one visible manifestation of the success of the broader modernization effort itself. As well, population policy has become more stringent, with rewards being given to one-child families and sanctions being applied against couples having three or more children. Although these policy changes offer bright prospects for Sino-American cooperation in the biomedical field, foreigners must remain sensitive to the controversial nature of these alterations in the Chinese political setting. PMID- 7245807 TI - In-vivo studies on C2 organic acids in the tissues of rats injected with xylitol and glucose. AB - Oxalic, glyoxylic, and glycollic acid were determined in rat liver and kidney after injection with [U-14C]-xylitol or [U-14C]-glucose. Neither glucose nor xylitol led to the formation of oxalic and glyoxylic acid, yet glycollic acid was found in both tissues after injection with xylitol. Possible pathways leading from xylitol to glycollic acid are discussed. PMID- 7245808 TI - [Experimental studies of interactions in families with various acutely disturbed children]. PMID- 7245810 TI - [Speed of and sex differences in the aging process in human tissue]. AB - By means of the point counting method we determined the decrease of musculature and the increase of the connective tissue in the ageing ciliary muscle of the human eye and in the tunica muscularis of the small intestine as well as the increase of fatty tissue in human parathyroid glands during life. The paper describes the changes found by adaptation of exponential functions to the series of marks and reveals the implications resulting concerning the speed of the histological biomorphosis in the individual part of life as well as on their theoretical final stage. The speed of ageing permanently decreases from birth to death and aims at zero. There are only small differences between the observed parts of muscles and connective tissue, respectively, of very old people and the calculated values for "immensely" old people. Human parathyroid glands age markedly different to sex. The sexual divergence of the biomorphosis may be among others be morphometrically demonstrated on the basis of the increase of the interstitial fatty tissue. PMID- 7245811 TI - [Cardiovascular disease, body weight, nutrition and age]. AB - In 979 adipose (236 males and 743 females) test persons and 341 test persons with normal weight (149 males and 192 females) at the age from 18 to 55 years nutrition anamnestic, clinical, biochemical, anthropometrical and social-economic examinations were carried out. Our results on the frequency of coronary insufficiency and hypertension in adipose persons could clearly confirm that this in males as well as in females in all age groups was higher than the frequency in persons with normal weight. In the comparison of the eating habit between test persons with normal weight and overweight with coronary insufficient and hypertension and without these diseases became evident that there is a significant connection between the uptake of energy, the consumption of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, carbohydrates and the coronary insufficiency and hypertension. Preventive and curative measures for influencing coronary risk factors are therefore necessary. PMID- 7245812 TI - [Mental health aspects of programs of preparation for active old age in socialist enterprises]. AB - The influencibility of psychic health and the trainability of psychic efficiency form the basic conception of the geropsychohygiene. The aim is the creation of prerequisites for the optimum development of the personality also of the worker at the prepension and pension age by scientific organisation of work and psychologic planning of work in the socialist enterprise. Apart from this, the psychologic column of the preparation on the active age contains suggestions for the psychic condition training and recommendations for personal planning of life. PMID- 7245809 TI - [Biophysical considerations on the problem of biological age]. AB - Issuing from Rie's ageing index and the concept of vitality theoretical possibilities of the determination of the biological age of man are discussed. PMID- 7245813 TI - [Possibilities of determining biological age using complex study methods]. AB - Issuing from the definition of the biological age as a complex functional condition size (functional age) a test battery of clinico-functional, psychological and psychosocial methods is presented with the help of which it is possible to objectify the biological age of man using certain mathematical methods of evaluation. Economic and temporary use, practicability for all age groups, possibility of standardization of the results of measuring as well as methodical criteria of quality (objectify and reliability, slight susceptibility to disturbances) recommend the method as an ambulatorily usable complex screening method which may be helpful for the gerontological practice (aptitude diagnostics adequate to disposition, problems of annuity computation, preventive and therapeutic questions) as well promises scientific abundance. PMID- 7245814 TI - [Metabolic risk factors in the very old]. AB - 55 patients well advanced in years of the vitality group I after Franke were examined according to clinical and laboratory-chemical criteria as well as by means of ECG in rest. The particular relations between metabolic risk factors and the occurrence of diseases of heart and circulation in persons well advanced in years were explained. Here could be established that persons who advanced in years, on the one hand, from the epidemiologic point of view show favourable laboratory parameters for the metabolic risk factors, on the other hand, however, slightly increased serum values of the risk factors may also be connected with old age. In a similar way the finding from the ECG in rest could be interpreted. PMID- 7245815 TI - [Complications in gastroenterological procedures and their surgical treatment]. AB - It is reported on 29 complications after invasive diagnostic measures with a lethality of 43% conditioned by delay. Above all extreme age groups are concerned. Endoscopies, punctures, but also the preparing measures such as purification enemas must be done by experienced persons. Already the suspicion of a complication justifies the operative revision. Expectative behaviour is the main case for the high lethality. PMID- 7245817 TI - [Gastric carcinoma with retroperitoneal symptoms (a contribution to differential diagnosis)]. AB - Report on a 28-year-old patient, whose metastasizing carcinoma of the stomach could be ascertained only autoptically after a 1-year course of the disease. The intraoperative findings had supposed a primary disease of the retroperitoneal space. On the basis of this observation the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal coparticipation of primary pathological processes of the abdominal cavity is discussed. PMID- 7245818 TI - [Behavior of intracellular electrolytes in the diabetic metabolic state]. AB - By animal experiments and examinations of test persons with healthy metabolism could be confirmed that a high intracellular content of sodium coincides with a low glucose assimilation coefficient. Moreover, the intracellular sodium concentration seems to have influence also on the peripheral insulin content after glucose load as it was shown by the negative correlation of the quotient Na(Plasma)/Na(Ery) with the insulin concentration surface in the rabbits. In maturity-onset diabetics with and without hypertension compared with a control group the intracellular sodium concentration was increased. This intracellular shift of electrolytes might have an influence of the utilisation of glucose in maturity-onset diabetes. PMID- 7245816 TI - [Determination of the systolic time interval in normal subjects from electrokymographic studies of vessels near the heart]. AB - By means of electrokymography curves of the motion of the vascular margin of the large vessels near the heart, aorta and pulmonary artery, may be recorded noninvasively. Since these curves of motion widely correspond to the central curves of the arterial pulse it is possible to state systolic time intervals separately for the right and left heart. Analogically to the presphygmic index after Rentsch with global evidence on the left-ventricular function of the heart these are possible for the outflow way of the right ventricle, also by formation of the quotient of the electrokymographically established STI. Comparisons between right-ventricular and left-ventricular STI and relations to the at the same time electrokymographically stated dynamic parameters of the heart wall are the result. In the present paper on the basis of electrokymographical investigations on 24 test persons with healthy heart the concerning the contents reasonable STI with relatively slight statistical distribution and their quotient are determined as starting-point to further investigations. PMID- 7245819 TI - [Compartment analysis in the diagnosis of iron metabolism disorders]. AB - The principle of the ferrokinetics according to the catenary model and to the multilocular system of Pollycove and Mortimer is described in short. The most important results of the investigation of the iron metabolism of 15 patients with chronic myelosis, 31 with osteomyelofibrosis and 68 with chronic liver diseases according to the catenary model are reported. According to the multicompartment model the ferrokinetic investigations of 18 patients with chronic liver disease as well as of one patient each with chronic myelosis and panmyelopathy were evaluated. An increased depot iron metabolism and a decreased effective erythropoiesis could particularly clearly stated in the latter patient. The statements to various parameters according to the two model demonstrations are compared. PMID- 7245821 TI - [Alternations of dermal lymphocytes in mycosis fungoides, a study with the scanning electron microscope (author's transl)]. AB - Isolated dermal lymphocytes from the infiltrate of mycosis fungoides show on scanning electron microscopic examination following characteristics, which differ from normal lymphocyte surface: loss of the round cell shape, increase of absolute length of microvilli, increase of lymphocytes with smooth surface and mitoses. These alterations concern all immunologic subpopulations and may indicate a stimulation of the whole dermal infiltrate in mycosis fungoides. PMID- 7245820 TI - [Atypically localized persistent skin changes in erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP)--histologic and electron microscopic findings (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a 29 year old man is presented, who showed 'sunburn like' reactions following short exposures to light since early childhood. Demonstration of fluorocytes and analysis of porphyrins confirmed the diagnosis of erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). It is noteworthy that the patient failed to show clinical signs, characteristic for EPP at the nasal area or the extensor aspects of the hands, whereas indurated plaques with firm skin coloured papules were observed in the shoulder regions. Biopsies taken from these areas revealed PAS-positive material especially around the capillaries of the dermal papillae, a finding typically for EPP. Electronmicroscopic investigation revealed reduplication of the vascular basal lamina and perivascular deposition of a fine fibrillar material. Therefore the cutaneous changes, yet clinically atypical, seem to be correlated with EPP. PMID- 7245823 TI - [Case reports of the Department of Dermatology Rudolf-Virchow-Krankenhaus, Freie Universitat Berlin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245822 TI - [Precursors and early forms of malignant melanomas of the skin (author's transl)]. AB - It is sometimes difficult to recognize precursors and early forms of malignant melanoma, even in histologic sections. Atypic melanocyte hyperplasia (AMH) occurs in the epidermal part of several benign pigment cell tumours and often evoke the suspicion of beginning malignancy. Probably there are some potentials for malignant transformation in AMH. Severe atypical melanocytic hyperplasia (SMH) corresponds to the concept of "early malignancy" in the meaning of McGovern. Severe melanocytic dysplasia (SMD) in the meaning of Clark et al. stands for an intraepidermal malignant melanoma (melanoma in situ). SMD occurs in SSM and in lentigo maligna. Sometimes it is impossible to assign it to a special type of melanoma. The importance to recognize histologically the differing behaviour of proliferating melanocytes within the epidermis for diagnosis of early malignant melanoma is accentuated. PMID- 7245827 TI - [Configurational frequency analysis. XII. Symptom patterns (transitional syndrome)]. PMID- 7245825 TI - [Atypical infections with microsporum canis after stay in Tunisia (author's transl)]. AB - A case of infection with Microsporum canis in a German couple which came into contact with cats during holidays in Tunisia is recorded. Atypical clinical features rare localization and the importance of tourism concerning the spread of infections due to Microsporum canis are discussed. PMID- 7245826 TI - [The Holocaust and the cultural psychology of Sigmund Freud]. PMID- 7245824 TI - [Hair growth in endocrine disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245828 TI - [Behavior therapy as compromise--sociological aspects in clinical psychology]. PMID- 7245829 TI - [The influence of the therapist variable "concreteness" on self exploration and psychophysiological activation in clients]. PMID- 7245830 TI - [Hallucination, delusions and madness in Sophocles' "Oedipus Rex"]. PMID- 7245831 TI - [Psychosomatic view of regional enteritis]. PMID- 7245832 TI - [Cerebral arteriosclerosis: neurologic and psychiatric consequences]. AB - Cerebral arteriosclerosis is a frequent, often not sufficiently diagnosed disease in the second half of the life span. Possible causes, diagnosis, and therapy are explicitly shown of its somatic and psycho-pathological symptoms, often acute, and chronically persistent. Particular emphasis is put on acute-care and the therapeutic relevance of socio-and psychotherapy. Finally, consequences for forensic medical opinions are shown. PMID- 7245833 TI - [So-called presclerosis (developing cerebral ischemia)]. AB - The complaints of 400 patients who were sent by their general practitioners to our hospital are enumerated in table 1 according to thier frequency (33 items). Three groups of complaints stand out: a) disturbances of memory and concentration b) nervousness - inward restlessness - increased irritability c) fatigue - decrease of performance. In the earlier literature similar syndromes were described as signs of the diminution of cerebral performance. If they appeared in old persons they were considered as an expression of a (physio-logical?) decrease of neurons. In middle-aged men the same syndrome was considered as sign of a premature cerebral arteriosclerosis. Recent investigations have shown that a decrease of cerebral performance is often due to a degenerative process of Alzheimer's type. In many cases it is difficult to decide concerning which of the three basic processes we have to take into consideration if a diminution in cerebral performance occurs. Presented are: Cues for diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome often seen in general practice today. PMID- 7245834 TI - [Cerebrovascular insufficiency and compliance with drug therapy]. AB - Particularly elder multimorbid patients suffering from a cerebrovascular insufficiency need a long term therapy. One condition for success, however, is the regular intake of drugs by the patient. Therefore the final goal is the increase of drug-compliance. This is based on the enhancement of the knowledge of the actual drug-compliance, the subject we wanted to learn more about by empirical investigations. During one year the drug-compliance of each patient of the Special Clinic Klausenbach was tested over a period of 20 days. The results were taken by checking riboflavin fluorometrically (method according to Gundert Remy). In this way the patients could be classified as "takers" and "non-takers". The following variables wee considered: diagnoses, marital status, age, nationality, profession, IQ, mood, subjective evaluation of success of cure and medication. since according to a pre-study foreigners show a lower rate of compliance we restricted the sample to the 892 german cure patients, 343 of whom suffered from cerebrovascular diseases. Their compliance-level was almost 50%. The results of the subgroups hardly differed. The cure patients suffering from cerebrovascular insufficiencies did not show any striking compliance behaviour: the values are far below the ideal value, however. Further multivariate statistical analyses are designed to contribute to the development of effective measures of intervention. PMID- 7245835 TI - [The significance of preventive and rehabilitation interventions in geriatric patients]. PMID- 7245836 TI - The elderly in a changing Egyptian society. PMID- 7245837 TI - [Physiology and physiopathology of aging]. AB - First of all some information will be given on history, methods and the actual situation of the research in aging. Aging ist not a disease but a physiologic process characterized by growth and maturity events which legally change the functional performances and the anatomical structures of the human beings in time. This aging trend depends on the metabolism of the living cells whose metabolism changes over the years. This will be demonstrated by the example of the connective tissue metabolism. Even if aging in itself is not a disease at all there still is the fact that morbidity, a multimorbidity, is certainly higher in old age than in the youth. These diseases which are almost continually existing with old age individually vary the length of life which is determined by genetic factors. The whole mode of procedure of the pathogenesis of a chronical disease will be treated on the basis of the most frequent disease in aging: arteriosclerosis. PMID- 7245838 TI - Application of liquid chromatography to a study on 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase activity. AB - This report describes the separation of components from a 4-coumarate:CoA ligase assay by means of liquid chromatography. With the aid of polyamide column chromatography it is possible to enrich and isolate chromatographically and UV spectroscopically pure p-coumaroyl-CoA using as a solvent 0.01% NH4OH in methanol subsequent to water and methanol alone. High performance liquid chromatography on octadecylsilane-bonded silica stationary phase allows a discontinuous determination of ligase activity. All components - ATP, Coenzyme A, p-coumaric acid, and the products AMP and p-coumaroyl-CoA - can be separated and accurately quantified within 20 min using a water-acetonitrile gradient, containing 1% phosphoric acid. The presented HPLC method may be used to affirm the accuracy of optical tests. PMID- 7245839 TI - The effect of glucosone on the proliferation and energy metabolism of in vitro grown Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - 1) Proliferation and energy metabolism of in vitro growth Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells in the presence of glucosone, (D-arabino-3.4.5.6-tetrahydroxy-2-oxo hexanal) a competitive inhibitor of hexokinase, were studied. 2) Proliferation of the cells was completely inhibited by 2 mM glucosone without severely affecting viability (dye exclusion test). No phase specific arrest of cell growth was observed. 3) Incorporation of [14C]thymidine into an acid insoluble fraction of the cells decreases to 5% of the control within 8-10 h. Incorporation of [14C]leucine begins to slow down immediately after treatment with glucosone. 4) The inhibitor (2 mM) reduces the lactate production of the cells by 60%, respiration by about 20%; the ATP/ADP ratio slows down from 4.75 to 3.5. 5) The total inhibition of cell proliferation by 2 mM glucosone cannot be explained exclusively by inhibition of hexokinase activity and impairment of energy metabolism. Because of a lack of specificity, glucosone is not a suitable inhibitor for studies on the relationship between hexokinase activity and cell proliferation of tumor cells. PMID- 7245840 TI - Experimental cross-infections with gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and cattle. AB - Five parasite-free lambs and five parasite-free calves were infected experimentally with 20,000 third stage gastrointestinal nematode larvae cultured from faeces of sheep from five different farms. In the same way five lambs and five calves were infected with larvae cultured from faeces of calves from five different farms. Host specificity of the nematodes was determined using the following parameters: infection rate; number, size, and stage of the worms; their distribution within the gastrointestinal tract; and the onset, duration, and level of egg production. The conclusions with regard to the different species are: Almost exclusively in cattle Skrjabinagia lyrata Strongly adapted to cattle Ostertagia ostertagi More adapted to cattle than to sheep Cooperia oncophora, C. surnabada, C. punctata, Trichostrongylus longispicularis No special host preference T. axei, O. leptospicularis, S. kolchida More adapted to sheep than to cattle C. curticei, T. vitrinus, T. colubriformis, O. trifurcata, Teladorsagia davtiani, Haemonchus contortus, Strongyloides papillosus Strongly adapted to sheep O. circumcincta, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Almost exclusively in sheep Chabertia ovina. PMID- 7245842 TI - Eimeria falciformis - merozoites with refractile bodies. PMID- 7245841 TI - [X-ray sensitivity of embryonated Capillaria hepatica eggs and serum-GLDH activities and antibody titres in Mastomys natalensis infected with untreated or irradiated eggs]. PMID- 7245843 TI - Changes in growth rate and infectivity of Leishmania donovani subjected to various laboratory procedures. PMID- 7245845 TI - [Precise cardiologic diagnosis in medical practice]. PMID- 7245846 TI - [Youth and sports]. PMID- 7245847 TI - [Current status of the theory of athletic injury]. PMID- 7245844 TI - Cytotoxicity of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid in vitro. AB - In a cytotoxicity assay, using rat spleen cells as target cells, Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid from cattle exerted a marked degree of cytotoxicity in vitro. When trypan blue exclusion or [3H]thymidine incorporation by concanavalin A stimulated spleen cells was used as a measure of cell viability, dialyzed cyst fluid showed maximum cell destruction up to a 1:8 dilution. The effect was dose and time dependent, cells being affected by 24 h after exposure to cyst fluid. The components responsible for cytotoxicity of cyst fluid were heat stable and could be recovered using gel chromatography on Sephadex G 50 and G 15 as a single low molecular weight fraction. It is assumed that the toxic products released by the living parasite can readily penetrate through the cyst wall into the surrounding host tissue. The interference of such substances with immunocompetent cells might account for the long-term survival of the parasite in the intermediate host. PMID- 7245848 TI - [Flying pollen]. PMID- 7245849 TI - [Angiologic studies with Doppler ultrasonics]. PMID- 7245850 TI - [Group therapy in patients with myocardial infarct aimed at modification of behavior and attitudes]. PMID- 7245852 TI - Utilization of family practice data. PMID- 7245853 TI - [What advice is sensible and useful for patients with venous disease?]. PMID- 7245851 TI - New in Virginia: the shock-trauma emergency technician. PMID- 7245854 TI - [Paraneoplastic thrombosis - study on mortality statistics]. PMID- 7245855 TI - [Venous thrombectomy - technic and results]. PMID- 7245856 TI - [Extra and intrathoracic surgery of subclavian artery stenosis and obliteration: a comparison]. PMID- 7245857 TI - [Angio-CT in vascular diseases of the mediastinum]. PMID- 7245858 TI - Measurement of pedal transcutaneous oxygen tension to follow up lower limbs arterial occlusive disease. PMID- 7245859 TI - [Histology and function of femoral artery transplants in rats]. PMID- 7245862 TI - [Aneurysms in the left thoracic aperture in vascular malformation. A longitudinal study]. PMID- 7245864 TI - [Localized compression with phleborollers]. PMID- 7245860 TI - [Inhibition of increased capillary basement membrane synthesis in diabetic rats]. PMID- 7245861 TI - [Ischemic necrosis of the toes (thromboangiitis obliterans) and tetanus - a successfully treated case]. PMID- 7245865 TI - A standard-tension tape-measure for oedematous limbs. PMID- 7245863 TI - Spontaneous haemorrhage in the iliopsoas muscle during oral anticoagulation. PMID- 7245866 TI - [Are endovaricose accumulation of hematogenous substances normal in sclerotherapy?]. PMID- 7245868 TI - [Sudden cardiac death. Definition and problems]. PMID- 7245867 TI - [Microscopy of the capillaries using an ophthalmoscope]. PMID- 7245870 TI - [Determination of global and regional parameters of heart function using radionuclide ventriculography]. PMID- 7245869 TI - [Sudden cardiac death. Non-invasive methods of cardiovascular nuclear medicine]. PMID- 7245871 TI - [Determination of global and regional heart function with minimal transit times]. PMID- 7245872 TI - [Electrophysiological aspects in sudden cardiac death]. PMID- 7245873 TI - [Technical aspects of the non-invasive study of the heart with radionuclides]. PMID- 7245875 TI - [Specificity and properties of Shigella DNA-methylases]. PMID- 7245874 TI - [Determination of global and regional parameters of heart function using radionuclide cardiography in the first pass of the radionuclides]. PMID- 7245876 TI - [Replication of heterologous and recombinant DNA in Xenopus laevis oocytes]. PMID- 7245877 TI - [Collagen and globin genes in healthy subjects and hereditary disease]. PMID- 7245878 TI - [Virus sequences in the DNA of rat cells transformed by the DNA of monkey adenovirus SA7 and the DNA of human type 6 adenovirus]. PMID- 7245879 TI - [Leukocyte agglomeration test in patients with syphilis and various dermatoses]. PMID- 7245880 TI - [Experience with the use of urease test for the differentiation of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale]. PMID- 7245881 TI - [Problem of pseudopositive results of serological reactions for syphilis]. PMID- 7245882 TI - [Main manifestations of immunological disorders in patients with common dermatoses and their pathogenic importance]. PMID- 7245883 TI - [Medico-geographical classification of skin diseases in man]. PMID- 7245884 TI - [Principles of the construction of the therapeutic diagram in syphilis therapy (prepared plan of revised instructions for treatment of patients with syphilis)]. PMID- 7245886 TI - [Clouston's syndrome]. PMID- 7245885 TI - [Atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 7245887 TI - [Level of nuclear DNA in acantholytic cells in pemphigus]. PMID- 7245888 TI - [Erosive ulcerative form of lichen ruber planus]. PMID- 7245889 TI - [Sporadic pellagra]. PMID- 7245890 TI - [Acute toxico-allergic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome)]. PMID- 7245891 TI - [Zooanthroponotic microporosis of the scalp in an elderly woman]. PMID- 7245892 TI - [Mycetoma of the feet]. PMID- 7245893 TI - [Characteristics of sexual contacts of patients with syphilis]. PMID- 7245894 TI - [Indices of cellular and humoral immunity in hemosorption in patients with disseminated psoriasis]. PMID- 7245896 TI - [Natural science basis of individuality]. AB - Results of experiments on animals with ablation of different parts of the brain and analysis of published data suggest that the neurophysiological basis of temperaments, according to Hippocrates, of nervous system types, according to Pavlov, and of extra-introversion consists in individual peculiarities of interaction of four structures: the frontal neocortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala and the hypothalamus. Pathological disturbance of this interaction produces the basic varieties of neuroses: hysteria, neurasthenia, psychasthenia and obsessive states. The significance is discussed of individual features of sets and hierarchy of basal human needs: material-biological, social, ideal (with their variants: retention and development, "for oneself" and "for others") needs of overcoming (will) and of "fitness" - for the formation of individuality. PMID- 7245897 TI - [Comparative study of interneuronal relations in neighboring microareas of the cerebral cortex in untrained wakeful cats]. AB - Multineuronal activity was studied in unrestrained cats with bundles of 7 electrodes (50 mcm dia of the tips) chronically implanted in the auditory and motor cortex. Impulses of the highest and lowest amplitude were isolated from each neurogram by an amplitude discriminator. By means of AI-128 analyser interval cross-histograms were built for spike series, isolated from two simultaneous records. Functional connections between neurones located under different electrodes at a distance of up to 500 mcm were defined by statistical dependence of spike series. A higher level of interneuronal interaction was revealed in the motor cortex. In both cortical zones, excitatory connections dominated for neurones which generated high amplitude spikes. For neurones with low amplitude spikes, connections of the inhibitory type were typical in the auditory cortex, and inhibitory and inhibitory-excitatory connections were typical for neurones in the motor cortex. The excitatory type of dependence in the auditory cortex was manifested on histograms during the first 6 ms after the triggering spike, in the motor cortex-by 4 to 6 ms more frequently; the inhibitory type was manifested in both zones only during the first 2 ms. PMID- 7245898 TI - [Neuronal mechanisms of reticulocortical activation]. AB - In alert rabbits extra- and intracellular neuronal responses were recorded in the sensorimotor and visual cortical areas to short high-frequency stimulations of the mesencephalic reticular formation of near-threshold intensity for emergence of evoked potentials and ECoG depression. It was found that reticulo-cortical responses were of a complex character and consisted in both excitatory and inhibitory as well as of "phasic" (evoked by the stimulus proper) and "tonic" (modulation) components. PMID- 7245899 TI - [Analysis of plastic convergence of sensory signals on neurons of field CA1 of the rabbit dorsal hippocampus]. AB - Static and dynamic characteristics of unit responses to single and multiple clicks and diffuse light flashes were studied in neurones of CA1 field of the dorsal hippocampus in alert, loosely fixed rabbits. The recorded neurones were characterized by specificity of sensory inputs, selectivity and plastic reorganizations of reactions. Validity of Sokolov model of plastic convergence for neurones of CA1 field and functional significance of the output signal of CA1 field in the system of control of activation processes in OR are discussed. PMID- 7245900 TI - [Electrochemical activity at implanted metal electrodes as a response of the brain to injury]. AB - The potentials of platinum electrodes implanted down to the dura mater (reference electrode - platinum, implanted into nasal bones), during 15-25 days after operation underwent a series of oscillation from +5 mV to -50 mV with a gradually extinguishing amplitude. It is assumed that these changes reflect metabolic reaction of the brain tissue to the implantation of electrodes and their presence at the brain surface. The greatest changes in electrode potential were observed in the experiments, in which the dura mater remained intact and the number of electrodes did not exceed 25. Animals with 100-150 electrodes died several days following operation. It is also assumed that even relatively "harmless" platinum electrodes, besides their purely mechanical influence, disrupt normal course of biochemical processes in the brain. Potential of the silver plates, unlike that of platinum electrodes, did not decrease with time but was enhanced. These changes seem to be due both to the damaging effect of silver on brain and to the oxidation of electrodes which gives reason to consider silver unfit for leading off of potentials in chronic experiments. PMID- 7245895 TI - [Orbital cortex potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve in newborn kittens]. AB - It is shown that in early period of kittens' postnatal ontogenesis EPs in the orbital cortex to electrostimulation of the vagal nerve consist in a negative wave with a long latency and a great duration of phases of the response. In the process of postnatal ontogenesis regular changes occur in EP pattern, which are manifested in additional response phases, shortened latencies and duration, and changed amplitudes. A small positive response phase appearing first at the age of 9-10 days, becomes stable after 20 days. EP latency in 20-days old kittens approaches that of adult animals. PMID- 7245901 TI - [Application of spectrum analysis and computer filtration to evaluation of the frequency structure of evoked brain potentials]. PMID- 7245902 TI - [Minimal duration of precedence of an indifferent stimulus before an unconditioned one necessary for the formation of a conditioned reflex]. PMID- 7245903 TI - [Effect of olfactory deprivation on the feeding behavior of kittens]. PMID- 7245905 TI - [Hemispheric specialization during differentiation of visual stimuli by rats]. PMID- 7245904 TI - [Rearrangement of the receptive fields of neurons of the posterotemporal cortex in cats]. PMID- 7245906 TI - [Role of the wulst in solving extrapolation problems in Corvidae birds]. PMID- 7245907 TI - [Long inhibitory potential in the central nervous system of the edible snail and conditions for its development]. PMID- 7245908 TI - [Relationship between clinical and experimental neuroses]. PMID- 7245909 TI - [Physiologic analysis of the process of breaking down a sensory experience in children "choosing according to a model"]. AB - The process of elaborating reactions of "choice on model" was studied in children in the fourth year of their life in conditions when the degree in similarity of a relevant figure with the model was diminishing from the first stage of learning to the third, while the degree of difference from the irrelevant figure model remained unchanged. Children easily learned to choose on model even if the relevant figure coincided with it only in one parameter and differed in two others. The elaboration of correct solution of the tasks was the most difficult when the relevant figure coincided with the model in size. Characteristics of the course of conditioning to colour and shape were practically identical, but higher than those for size. It is assumed that reaction of choice on model is based on reinforcement of the identity relation between the model and one of the figures to be chosen. If this relation is reinforced only in one of the three channels (colour, shape, size) of processing of information on different properties of the objects, then differentiations are formed. PMID- 7245910 TI - [2-way connection as a general neurophysiologic principle]. PMID- 7245911 TI - [Experimental study of emotional reactions in patients with destruction of the mediobasal structures of the temporal lobe of the brain]. AB - In 15 patients with destruction of the amygdala complex and the hippocampus, changes in EEG and skin-galvanic reflex were recorded when they were imagining events inducing emotions and when they were anticipating nociceptive stimulation. It was shown that lesion of mediobasal structures in the right temporal lobe results in a more pronounced impairment of emotional reactions than their ablation on the left. Bilateral lesion of the amygdala complex and the hippocampus brings about a decrease of the heart rate under the action of emotiogenic stimuli instead of its increase, and diminishes the difference between objective manifestations of positive and negative emotional states. PMID- 7245912 TI - [Responses of neurons of the motor and frontal cortex of monkeys during performance of purposeful activity]. AB - Neurones of the frontal cortex in alert monkey reveal most diverse rearrangements of spike activity at the programming stage of a behavioural task. Their responses depend on 1) position of the conditioned signal, 2) direction of the forthcoming movement toward reinforcement (feeding trough), and 3) efficiency of performing the goal-directed movement, which, if correct, is reinforced with food. Units in the motor cortex have higher background activity, they are most active during triggering stage and their activity does not reflect signal position and estimation of success (by reinforcement). The suggestion is made on the role of the frontal cortex in programming of movements and estimation of their efficiency, as well as on the role of the motor cortex in their coordinated achievement involving somatic processing of the connection. PMID- 7245913 TI - [Time factor in a behavioral act with delayed food reinforcement]. AB - Experiments on unrestrained dogs showed that the character of somato-vegetative effector integral in a behavioural act with delayed alimentary reinforcement is determined by duration of the reinforcement delay from the conditioned stimulus. The moment of reinforcement, along with basic reinforcement properties are programmed by the central nervous system. Thus time serves as a reinforcement parameter. Changes in vegetative components, in the EEG of the midbrain reticular formation, hippocampus and cerebral cortex, resulting from abrupt prolongation of the delay (dissociation of time parameters in the forecasting apparatus) point to activation of mechanisms of emotional and orienting-investigating reactions. PMID- 7245914 TI - [Relation between the cardiac and motor components of a conditioned reflex during local cooling of different regions of the cerebral cortex in cats]. AB - In experiments on cats with chronically implanted thermodes it was shown that bilateral cooling of the sensorimotor, associative (parietal), and visual cortical areas causes changes in cardiac and motor components of a conditioned food-procuring reflex; the changes reach their maximal value when the temperature is considerably lowered. Functional cold elimination of cortical areas leads to simultaneous blockade of both components, whereas brain self-warming after cessation of cooling-to their simultaneous recovery. It is shown that the cerebral cortex participates in providing for interconnection between vegetative and somatic components of the conditioned reflex. PMID- 7245915 TI - [Effect of destruction of the basolateral portion and medial nuclei of the amygdaloid complex on defensive conditioned reflexes in rats]. AB - Bilateral ablations of the basolateral part and medial nuclei of the amygdala in albino rats caused opposite changes in active avoidance acquisition and consolidation, emotional intensity level (fear) and "open field" activity. In intact animals the basolateral part of the amygdala produced facilitation while medial nuclei caused inhibition of the shuttlebox avoidance reactions, aggressiveness and general "emotionality" (fear-motivated behaviour). PMID- 7245916 TI - Progress in the characterization of venoms and standardization of antivenoms. PMID- 7245917 TI - [Cell proliferation in the retinal pigment epithelium of rats with hereditary retinal diseases (MSUBI, Campbell, Hunter)]. PMID- 7245918 TI - [Calculation of the polarity of amino acid residues in the structure of the genetic code]. PMID- 7245920 TI - [Quality of life in housing - experiences frao a housing survey]. PMID- 7245919 TI - The stability of dichlofluanid and vinclozolin and their influence on the quality of strawberries. AB - The content of dichlofluanid and vinclozolin found on strawberries treated with Euoparen and/or Ronilan, respectively, did not exceed the residue tolerance. Further decrease of the amount of these fungicides occurred during heatsterilisation of the fruit and storage of the products. The rate of decomposition of dichlofluanid and/or vincolozolin in model solutions (pH 3.0 6.0) followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The taste and flavour of untreated fruit was preferred to those of strawberries treated with fungicides. There were differences in the content of reducing sugars, volatile fatty acids and titrable acidity in individual samples. Gas-chromatographic profiles of volatile substances isolated from treated and untreated berries also differed. PMID- 7245921 TI - [Housing quality in cities from the tenant's point of view]. AB - Since the demand for higher quality of live has been the big discussion, also the call for a more livable city has become more and more frequent. For urban development policy it is necessary to workout conceptionally the different demands for a higher living quality. First it is essential to define the content of the term Quality of Live. In this article one tries to show how the term is broken-up in it's components and how it can be empirically tested with help of indicators. Results from different studies show what the needs of the inhabitants are and how much weight the different quality components have for different population groups. The results show that in all groups of inhabitants-aside from the superior features of a city (infrastructure)-the component living environment plays an important role. If it is rated in a negative sense, it is often the ground of leaving the city-especially for families. PMID- 7245922 TI - [Air quality in residences and places of work]. AB - The air quality inside of buildings depends on the contaminaton of the air outside as well as on the air pollution inside the room. The human being contaminates the air through carbon dioxide, odors, vapors and particulates. The most important sources of pollution are tobacco smoke (especially particulate matter, aldehydes and carbon monoxide), consumer materials (organic solvents), building materials and furniture fittings (Formaldehyd), as well as the use of gas for cooking and heating purposes (nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide). More importance has to be attributed to the injurious effects of the various contaminants because of the reduced ventilation rate in order to save energy. When estimating the possible health damages and annoyances, the long-term effects have to be considered, thereby the increased sensibility of children, of ill and old people have to be taken into account. The health aspects are therefore a decisive criterium for guidelines concerning construction and minimum ventilation rates. PMID- 7245923 TI - [Mentally handicapped: developing a personality of their own. Tasks in the planning of housing facilities]. AB - The bases for material existence of mentally handicapped people is actually guaranteed in European countries, but the possibility for them to choose their own way of life is still strictly limited. The "principle of normalization" which is put forward here as a planning principle has nothing to do wih the normality of people but tends to normalize their living conditions. A mentally handicapped person should be allowed to live like any other citizen of his country as fat as he is capable to. Departing from the course of life which is usual in a certain country we have to plan an amount of institutions and services of assistance in order to diminish gradually the segregation of the mentally handicapped. Subsequently a concept for organizing the network of institutions and services needed is proposed, and a short outline of the actual situation of mentally handicapped people in the Kanton of zurich (Switzerland) is given. Hence the author presents 2 examples of environmental conditions which can be planned and built: - Dwelling establishements for mentally handicapped adults - The school for mentally handicapped children at Humlikon (Switzerland). PMID- 7245924 TI - [Humanizing the work place - concepts of work psychology]. AB - Recent research on central life interests shows that the position of work within the hierarchy of values is actually changing. One of the reasons is the increasing gap between school and vocational education on one hand and the level of qualification of many work activities on the other hand. Work psychology concepts of humanization of work intend to overcome this gap by different forms of autonomy oriented work organization. Therefore it is necessary to add to the traditional criteria of evaluation and measures of work organization the criteria of personality development. This implicates on one side the deduction of the author's principles of differential and dynamic work organization from this criteria, on the other side it requests the distinction between corrective, preventive and prospective strategies of work organization. In addition, trends of autonomy oriented work organization are thought to consider also the options of decentralization and delegation of decision which have been made possible by recent developments in technology, at the same time as they can include stress reducing and personality developing elements. PMID- 7245926 TI - [Stress at work]. AB - Stress at work has to be described by a basic concept of stress which understands the relations between work conditions and personal characteristics as a process of mutual influence. Work situations as "potential" stressors become significant when the workers feel under- or overcharged and consider the situation as not transparent, not predictable and not controllable. Intrapsychic perceptional and evaluative processes and competence of action determine the manner of coping with threatening work situations. On the other hand, work conditions not only function as stresors but also as a determinant factor for the acquisition of coping competence. By this fact, job design becomes important not only for the reduction or prevention of actual stress but also for the acquisition of coping competence for future demands. PMID- 7245925 TI - [Effect of repetitive tasks on workers' sense of well-being in the watch industry]. AB - In an interdisciplinary study, which was carried out in the Swiss watch industry, the influence of different job characteristics on the workers' well-being was investigated. Comparing the ergonomic, psychological and medical data of 120 women and 80 men executing tasks with restricted or enlarged degree of discretion, the following negative effects of repetitive tasks with low variety and little autonomy must be considered important: 1. pains in theeyes and headache 2. pains in the neck, the shoulder and the arms 3. increased intake of analgesics and sedatives 4. strongly experienced qualitative underload 5. a resignative tendency to accept small supplies for need fulfilment in the work situation. In both groups with a restricted degree of dicretion but also in the control group with more autonomy and variety a negative correlation could be found between length of service in job and the test score measuring information processing capacity. PMID- 7245927 TI - [The relation between work activity and retirement plans]. AB - In the course of the research project "Work Activities and Retirement Plans" financed by the National Foundation of Research, a study was made to explore the consequences of longterm working activities on planning of the time of retirement. 200 persons at the age of 64 years, working on shop floor of enterprises in the metal industry were asked about their work, leizure and plans about the approaching retirement. It was hypothesized that plans are necessary for the successful coping of the retirement situation. For the setting up of plans it is required that social and cognitive competence can be acquired and constantly trained. It has been shown that the proportion of persons with none or unspecific plans rises with the span of action getting smaller. Furthermore the study showed that persons who could train their cognitive competence at work set up more plans with cognitive content than persons who could not: the analogical result has been found with the social competence. PMID- 7245928 TI - [Quality of interpersonal relations and the patient work load in hospital units]. AB - The behaviour of nurses in hospitals was analysed. The results of a survey on the frequency of talks with patients or with hospital colleagues revealed a small amount of communication. The authors conclude that the work load of nurses is very high and that the psycho-social care of patients is thereby reduced. PMID- 7245929 TI - [Orthostatis stress from standing at work]. AB - The evaluation of different body postures during work needs considering the interactions of anthropometric, physiological, orthopaedic, angiologic and biomechanical criteria on one side and of working conditons on the other. Many professions in industry as well as many tasks of the housewife still have to be done in standing position. But standing for long periods leads to increased strain of the bone and muscle system and to increased complaints and illness of the feet and legs. A comprehending catalogue of the effects of dominating standing posture and a catalogue of preventive measures are presented. PMID- 7245930 TI - [Job tasks and occupational diseases in data processing]. AB - The industrial organisational model of repetitive work, a consequence of Taylor type rationalization, is encountered in datra computerized processing sectors, especially for data input tasks, with the same effects: pressure of time, monotony, insatisfying work. a group of data collecting female operators was investigated and compared to a group of female operations whose activities included computer dialoguing, a more complex task. Recordings of eye movements for the analysis of perceptive and cognitive aspects of the task, as well as questionnaire concerning the effect of factors such as stress in their lives, and the possible presence of psychosmatic and nervous symptoms, were used. The resulting data showed the task content impact upon the life at work and its more harmful effect on the mental and bodily comfort of data input operators. PMID- 7245932 TI - [Health effects of night work]. AB - Schedules of working times are related to various individual problems including the family, the quality of home and health problems. Only epidemiological studies can reveal the complexity of problems related to shift work. Night shifts ae increasing constantly and must be considered as a physiological, medical and social load of the worker. PMID- 7245931 TI - [Ergonometric and medical aspects of work on a display screen]. AB - In this paper, the effects of automatic data processing on office workers are discussed. The main components of the task at visual displays (visual, postural and mental load) are described. In a second part, the authors try to evaluate the short or long-term effects on health that office workers may suffer and stress the need for more research in this field. PMID- 7245933 TI - [Individual achievement capability and performance demand at work]. AB - Fitness and job requirement must have a positive correlation to avoid an overstress with its negativ consequence for physical health. Very often jobs with high physical stress restult in partial stress. Jobs like controller reduce the physical capacity, if no preventive training is done. This paper gives a way to improve or conservate at least, physical fitness by short daily training- following the physical laws of training--for the purpose to balance physical and performance demand. Thereby the degree of fatigue by work can be reduced. PMID- 7245934 TI - [Passive smoking in the work place]. AB - The air pollution due to tobacco smoke and its effects on employees were investigated in 44 work-rooms. For that purpose the concentration of CO, NO, Nicotine and the Particulate Matter were determined and 472 employees were interviewed about annoyance and irritations. The mean values of the concentrations of the components due to tobacco smoke are: CO = 1.1 ppm, NO = 32 ppb, Nicotine = 0.9 micrograms/m3, Particulate Matter = 133 micrograms/m3. The use of an indicator is discussed. One third of the employees qualifies the air wit regard to smoke at work place as bad. 40% of the interviewed persons are disturbed by smoke. One quarter of th persons indicates eye irritations. The majority of the employees support a separation of the rooms in smoking and non smoking areas. This seems to be the most appropriate preventive measure for the protection of the nonsmokers at work. PMID- 7245936 TI - [Restoration of clearance capacities in the rat following unilateral nephrectomy]. PMID- 7245935 TI - [Cervicobrachial occupational diseases in office workers]. AB - A comparison of Japanese and Swiss studies on keyboard operators in office work shows that objective and subjective symptoms of injuries in muscles and tendons of te cervicobrachial region are frequent in both countries. It is possible to demonstrate a clear relation between workplace dimensions, postures and impairments. We agree with the Japanese view, that the localised symptoms should be considered as a syndrome of Occupational Cervicobrachial Disorder. PMID- 7245937 TI - [Normal values in rhesus monkeys under long term controlled maintenance conditions]. PMID- 7245939 TI - [Effect of stress during pregnancy on reproductive fitness, growth and open field behavior of genetically different mice strains. Short communication]. PMID- 7245938 TI - [Determination of fertility in female and male Wistar rats. Short communication]. PMID- 7245940 TI - [Method of ileostomy in the laboratory rat]. PMID- 7245941 TI - Torsion of the uterus and the stomach in guinea pigs. PMID- 7245942 TI - Seasonal variations in reticulocyte counts in blood of laboratory mice and rats. Short communication. PMID- 7245943 TI - [Tumors of the central nervous system in biopsy and autopsy material. 5th communication: Oligodendrogliomas]. PMID- 7245944 TI - [Histological investigations of the myocardium in unnaturally deceased persons (author's transl)]. AB - Histo-pathological investigations carried out in the Institute of Forensic Medicine of the Martin-Luther-University of Halle on 6 differently localized myocardial portions (1,080 preparations) from the autopsy material of a total of 90 persons who had died in the course of 1973, revealed massive inflammatory cellular infiltrates (focal interstitial roundcelled myocarditis) in 18.9 percent and insignificant concentrations of round cells or individual mononuclear inflammation cells in 60 percent of cases. an evaluation of the autopsy data (age and sex ratio, classification of causes of death and attempted proof of pre existing infectious and heart diseases or their symptoms) is followed by a discussion of under and overvaluating the occurrence of interstitial myocardial cells in the cases under investigation and, with regard to the cause of death, in the cases of an unexpected and sudden, presumably natural, death. PMID- 7245945 TI - [Structural changes of cortical pyramidal neurons in oligophrenia. A Golgi study (author's transl)]. AB - In four cases of oligophrenia we found significant alterations in dendritic spines of cortical pyramidal neurons (in area 10 and 11). Mostly, these changes consist in a decrease or absence of thick, short spines and in a priminence of abnormal long thin spines. We found also apical dendrites with areas of cystic degeneration. The number of spines in these pyramidal cells is extremely reduced. These neurons are also characterized by changes of basal dendrites. It is inferred that such microstructural alterations may sufficiently influence the functional competency of axospinodendritic synapses to disturb the integrative operation of cortical dendrite systems. PMID- 7245946 TI - [Arteriopathia calcificans infantum associated with osteogenesis imperfecta congenita (author's transl)]. AB - In an immature male newborn, both the congenital osteogenesis imperfecta and the arteriopathia calcificans were revealed. The simultaneous occurrence of these two different conditions is rare. PMID- 7245947 TI - [Theoretical basis and clinical experiences in stabilizing the tibia by means of the external fixator (author's transl)]. AB - This paper deals with the stabilization of the tibia by means of the external fixator in special problematic cases. Indication, surgical technique and postoperative care are presented as the result of theoretical investigations and the clinical experience of several years. It is pointed out that the external fixator is a supplementary method to the standard surgical technique. PMID- 7245948 TI - [Chronic osteomyelitis, its pathogens. Analysis of 79 cases (1978/1979) (author's transl)]. AB - Pathogens and their antibiogram of 79 patients suffering from osteomyelitis were examined. Monoinfection was present in a percentage of 66. The still dominant role of Staph. aureus could be confirmed, but also the increasing number of gram negative bacteria. The mixed infection is obviously determined by gram-negative germs with their marked resistance to antibiotics. Ps. aeruginosa was isolated as the most frequent gram-negative pathogen. On an average Gentamycin was effective in a percentage of 95. Systemic and also topic application of antibiotics should be subjected to strict rules. PMID- 7245949 TI - [Fractures of the femur following prosthetic replacement of the hip-and knee joint (author's transl)]. AB - 10 patients who underwent prosthetic hip-or knee replacement suffered intra- and postoperatively from fractures of the femoral shaft. Loosened prostheses were replaced by longshafted prostheses. As long as the shaft of the prosthesis fits tight, stabilisation of the fracture by the plate can be achieved. PMID- 7245950 TI - [Isolation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica from patients with acute hepatitis of the icteric type]. PMID- 7245951 TI - [Concentration of specific antibodies to hepatitis B antigen in immunoglobulin preparations]. PMID- 7245952 TI - [Nonspecific stimulation of resistance with mytilan--a polysaccharide isolated from the mussel Crenomytilus grayanus]. PMID- 7245953 TI - [Nutrient media for special studies of Edwardsiella]. PMID- 7245954 TI - [Heterogeneity of agglutinability and antibiotic sensitivity of a population of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from tonsillar lacunae of patients with angina and chronic tonsillitis]. AB - The study of the staphylococcal microflora of the tonsils in chronic tonsillitis patients revealed a high degree of variability in respect to its sensitivity to different antibiotics and the level of its agglutination by blood serum. The lesser part of the patients showed the presence of staphylococcal clones agglutinated by highly diluted serum and resistant to antibiotics suppressing the main part of the microbial population. The appearance of such clones in the microbial population is supposed to be the reason for the development of antibiotic-resistant population. PMID- 7245955 TI - [Safety, antigenic activity, and epidemiologic effectiveness of live mumps vaccine from strain L-3. II. Antigenic activity and epidemiologic effectiveness]. AB - The results obtained in the study of the antigenic activity and epidemiological effectiveness of live parotitis vaccine prepared from strain L-3 are presented. Children aged 3-7 years were shown to react to the injection of this preparation by the moderate production of virus-neutralizing antibodies (the percentage of persons with antibody titers of 1:8 and higher increased from 26.5 to 64.4). The most intensive antibody production was stimulated by the vaccines containing 40,000 and 20,000 viral particles in 1 vaccination dose. In seropositive children no significant shift in the antibody content was observed irrespective of the batch of the vaccine used. During 1 1/2 years of observation the morbidity rate of epidemic parotitis among children immunized with live parotitis vaccine was 6.9 times lower than among the unvaccinated children in the same groups and 8.8 times lower than among the children used as external control. The effectiveness rate of the vaccine was on the average 85.4% and 88.6%. The vaccines containing 40,000 and 20,000 HADU50 were found to have greater epidemiological effectiveness, while the epidemiological effectiveness of the vaccine containing 5,000 HADU50 was somewhat less. The effect of vaccination depended not only on the dose of the antigen and the initial state of the vaccines, but also on the extent of the coverage of children with vaccination in organized groups. PMID- 7245957 TI - [Modification of the immune response by using an antigen bound to synthetic polyelectrolytes]. AB - The immunogenic properties of the soluble complexes of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and synthetic polyelectrolytes were studied. The polyelectrolytes used in these complexes were 4-vinyl-N-ethylpyridinium bromide and 4-vinyl-N-cetylpyridinium bromide (complex I), 4-vinylpyridine and 4-vinyl-N-acetylpyridinium bromide (complex II). C57BL mice were immunized with different doses of BSA, complexes I and II introduced intraperitoneally in a single injection, and the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the spleen was determined by modified Jerne's test with the use of BSA-covered sheep red blood cells. The above complexes were shown to stimulate the production of PFC against BSA 50-100 times more intensively than pure BSA. The mixtures of BSA with the above-mentioned polyelectrolytes stimulated PFC production to a considerably lesser extent. Thus, the polymeric part of these conjugates was not an antigen, but served as a carrier inducing pronounced immune response to the antigenic (protein) part of the complex.?????????????????????????????? PMID- 7245958 TI - [Aggregation of immune complexes and their use in serologic diagnosis]. AB - Serological reactions can be subdivided into reactions of the primary and secondary aggregation in accordance with the aggregation character of antigen antibody complexes. Homologous immune complexes, aggregated by means of complement and conglutinin, split due to the action of substances binding calcium ions, whereas heterologous immune complexes are resistant to such action. This fact suggests that the substance, described in the literature as immunoconglutinin, is an antigen-antibody complex. The above-mentioned properties of immune complexes have been used as a basis for developing the method of their detection. PMID- 7245956 TI - [Reactivity to normal intestinal microflora in persons continuously residing in the Far North]. AB - The titers of antibodies to the common allergenically active fraction of enterobacterial antigens in clinically healthy males aged 20-35 years, constantly living at the moderate (Kazan) and high (Norilsk) latitudes, were studied. The most essential changes in the character of the titer distribution were revealed in the populations of persons who had been constant residents of the Arctic regions for 5-10 years. This was manifested by an increase in the number of sera with excessively high (exceeding 1:5120) and low (less than or equal to 1:20) titers. The average indices of the reactivity to intestinal automicroflora were significantly higher in the residents of the Arctic regions than in the corresponding control group. In persons living in the North for still longer periods, as well as in those who lived at high latitudes since their birth, such shifts in the reactivity to enterobacteria were less pronounced. PMID- 7245959 TI - [Complex study of population immunity to 3 influenza A virus antigens]. AB - In 5 large cities of the USSR a four-year study of the population immunity to 3 antigens of influenza A virus (hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and ribonucleoprotein antigens) was carried out. The time course of immunity to these antigens had a similar character. The high level of population immunity to actual hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, observed for 2 years, in succession, indicated the possibility of shift-life changes in these surface antigens. Population immunity to ribonucleoproteid antigen had no influence on the epidemic process in influenza A. A method for the study of population immunity, based on the analysis of pooled serum samples from healthy persons, is proposed. This method considerably reduces the time of the test and the number of ingredients. PMID- 7245960 TI - [Dynamics of changes in halo-forming cells during pathologic processes]. AB - The method of detecting halo-forming cells (HFC) in the peripheral blood is described and the data characterizing the time course of changes in their number are presented. These data indicate that the process of halo formation is not based on the immunological components of plaque formation (complement, antigens or hemolyzing antibodies). HFC have been shown to appear in the peripheral blood somewhat earlier than cells capable of producing antibodies, i.e. plaque-forming cells. PMID- 7245961 TI - [Antigenic characteristics of immunoglobulin preparations]. AB - A comparative study of the content of serum protein antigens in 156 batches of human immunoglobulin preparations, produced from placental material and donor plasma in the USSR and Bulgaria, has been made by means of immune electrophoresis. The results thus obtained indicate that immunoelectrophoretic analysis may be used for the additional characteristic of the antigenic structure of immunoglobulin preparations, as well as for evaluating the degree of the purification of immunoglobulin from nonspecific serum proteins in the process of the production of commercial preparations. PMID- 7245962 TI - [Electron-induction device for aerosol vaccine dosimetry]. PMID- 7245964 TI - [Effectiveness of certain immunologic methods in the diagnosis of acute bacterial dysentery]. AB - The effectiveness of some immunological methods for diagnosing dysentery has been compared. This comparison has indicated that such methods as the determination of the presence of specific sensitization in the patients (by the indirect mast cell degranulation test), the detection of circulating complement-fixing antibodies to Shigella (by the complement fixation test) and antigenically reactive lymphocytes (by the lymphocyte agglutination test with the use of the antigen and by the indirect rosette-formation test) are more stable, expressive and sensitive than other serological tests and may be used for the complex clinical and laboratory diagnosis of this disease. PMID- 7245963 TI - [Humoral and cellular immune responses to brain tissue in animals immunized with ADPT and smallpox vaccine]. AB - Experiments on guinea-pigs showed that 3 subcutaneous injections of adsorbed DPT vaccine resulted (on days 7-14 of the experiment) in the accumulation of cells, sensitized to brain extract, in the lymphoid tissue. The production of circulating anticerebral autoantibodies occurred, as revealed by the indirect immunofluorescent method, during the whole time of the experiment (35 days). On days 28-35 of the experiment cellular immune reaction to autologous erythrocytes was detected in the peripheral blood of the immunized animals. The intracardiac injection of smallpox vaccine to the animals resulted in the appearance of lymphoid cells, sensitized to brain extract, on days 3-7 of the experiment, as well as in the appearance of anticerebral autoantibodies, detected by immunofluorescence, which circulated in the blood for 28 days. Cellular immune reaction to autologous erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of the guinea-pigs immunized with smallpox vaccine was registered on days 3-28 of the experiment. PMID- 7245965 TI - [Transfer of resistance against Ixodes ticks to vertebrates with the sera and lymphocytes of immune animals]. AB - Hyperimmune serum with the high content of antibodies to the saliva of noninfected ticks when injected into vertebrates, induced the development of resistance preventing the ticks from sticking to the skin and satiation, thus reducing the number of blood-sucking ticks reaching satiation and decreasing the weight of satiated ticks; as a result, the productivity of female ticks decreased the the number of ticks sharply dropped. When ticks infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus parasitized on the animals immune against the saliva antigens of noninfected ticks, the virus titers in the blood of these animals were lower than in the controls, and no infection of ticks, formerly free of the virus, occurred. PMID- 7245966 TI - [Immunologic activity of the "murine" toxin of the plague microbe in experiments on animals]. PMID- 7245967 TI - [Comparative characteristics of joint changes in rats infected with Mycoplasma fermentans and Mycoplasma arthritidis]. AB - Experiments on Wistar rats have shown that a single injection of M. fermentans or M. arthritidis causes various forms of polyarthritis differing in their course and morphological characteristics. M. arthritidis causes acute purulent arthritis. M. fermentans causes polyarthritis characterized mainly by a subacute course and early involvement of the articular cartilage. Plasma cells producing a factor similar to the rheumatoid factor of humans have been detected in the synovial membrane. PMID- 7245969 TI - [Effect of cultural conditions on the virulence of the agent of Legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 7245968 TI - [Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from patients. II. Species diversity of the strains]. AB - Of 403 coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains isolated from patients with different forms of infection 68,1% of the cultures could be identified in accordance with the scheme proposed by Akatov and Devriese. Of these, S. epidermidis constituted 55.1%, S. saprophyticus 13.5%, S. sciuri, S. warneri, S. cohnii, etc., 0.4% to 5.5%. A small group (8,2%) of novobiocin-resistant S. epidermidis and S. hominis strains was detected. S. epidermidis and S. warneri were isolated mostly in septicemia, conjunctivitis, purulent processes; S. saprophyticus and S. sciuri from infected wounds, nonidentified Staphylococcus spp., group I, in urological diseases. The cultures of S. epidermidis sensu stricto belonged, as a rule, to biotype 1, S. epidermidis according to Baird Parker, S. hominis and S. stimulans belonged to biotype 4. No strains of biotype 2 were detected. PMID- 7245970 TI - [Epidemiologic significance of different categories of carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). I. Role of reconvalescent HBsAg-positive viral hepatitis in the spread of infection]. AB - 133 convalescents, formerly hospitalized for HBsAG-positive viral hepatitis and discharged still with HBsAG in the blood serum, and 982 persons (665 children and 317 adults) having contacts with the convalescents in families and organized groups have been subjected to many-year complex observation, including epidemiological, clinical and laboratory examinations. As a result, chronic HBsAG carriers with the antigen persisting in their blood for a year or longer have been found to be epidemiologically more dangerous in conditions of inartificial infection. Most often children, especially those with prolonged persistence of HBsAG in the blood accompanied by the development of chronic infectious process in the liver, are the source of hepatitis B infection. Among their contact the greatest number of persons (mostly children) with the manifest form of the infection and with certain signs of hepatitis B can be found. Of these signs, the presence of HBsAG in the blood serum and increased activity of fructose-1 phosphate aldolase are most frequently detected in persons having contacts with HGsaG carriers. PMID- 7245972 TI - [Characteristics of nasal cavity microflora of carriers of Staphylococcus aureus of different categories]. PMID- 7245971 TI - [Integration of instruction in medical microbiology, virology, and immunology with other disciplines of a therapeutic faculty]. PMID- 7245973 TI - [Proliferative response of lymphocytes to measles virus in former measles patients and persons vaccinated with live measles vaccine]. PMID- 7245974 TI - [Humoral antistaphylococcal immunity in patients]. PMID- 7245975 TI - [Central hemodynamics in cerebral contusions]. AB - Radiocardiographic comparison of the main values of central hemodynamics in 57 patients who had suffered from contusion of the brain without compression revealed that in contusions of mild and moderate severity, mild hemodynamic disorders occur which are normalized by the 5th-7th day after the trauma. The character of hemodynamic disorders in severe contusion depends on the localization of the injury, whereas the dynamics of changes depend on the outcome of the trauma, which may serve as an auxiliary diagnostic and prognostic sign in the complex of the clinical manifestations of the character of injury to the brain and the course of the disease. PMID- 7245976 TI - [Artificial thrombosis of arteriovenous aneurysms]. PMID- 7245977 TI - [Orbital phlebography craniobasal meningiomas spreading into the orbit]. AB - Analysis of the results of orbital phlebography performed in 39 patients with cranio-orbital meningiomas testifies to the important diagnostic value of this methods of examination in determining the spread of craniobasal meningiomas to the orbit. By means of orbital phlebography it is possible not only to precisely define the topography of the new growth in the orbital cavity, but to reveal disorders of venous drainage from the orbit and collateral tracts which provide the draining function of the superior ophthalmic vein. PMID- 7245979 TI - [Methodology and results of total acoustic neurinoma removal using microsurgical technics]. AB - The authors describe the stages of operation for total removal of neurinoma of the acoustic nerve with the use of microsurgical techniques in 150 patients. Fourteen (9.3%) of them were operated on in stage I of the disease and the facial nerve was preserved in all of them; 59 underwent operation in stage II, the facial nerve was preserved in 42 (71.1%); 77 (51.3%) were operated on in far advanced stage III, the facial nerve was preserved in 38 (49.3%). Thus, in 94 (62.7%) of 150 patients who underwent total removal of neurinomas, the facial nerve was preserved; it functioned in 71 (75.5%), in 23 patients its function was lost after the operation. Preservation of the facial nerve depends, therefore, on the size of the neurinoma and the stage of its development. Seven (4.8%) patients died after the operation. Most of the patients who underwent operation retain their working capacity. PMID- 7245978 TI - [Pressure-volume ratio in the craniospinal cavity in supra- and subtentorial pathology. I. Changes in cerebrospinal fluid pressure in cerebrospinal fluid compression and decompression of the brain]. AB - The p-V dependence in the craniospinal cavity was studied by the method of dosaged change in the cerebrospinal fluid volume in 15 neurooncological patients who underwent operation for tumor of the posterior cranial fossa in the chiasmal sellar area. It is shown that this dependence, reflecting the biophysical properties of the intracranial system, has distinguishing features in patients with supra- and subtentorial pathology. For instance, in FP values close to zero the resilience of the intracranial system is higher in patients with supratentorial processes than in patients with subtentorial pathology. In artificial c.s.f. compression, intracranial system resilience grows gradually in patients with basal pathology and increases much more rapidly in patients with subtentorial pathology. The authors discuss the possible causes of the difference in P-V dependence in the groups of patients who were examined and the significance of the obtained information in substantiating intensive therapy in the immediate postoperative period. PMID- 7245980 TI - [Active dehydration of brain tissue as a compensatory phenomenon in the development of edema]. AB - In experiments on adult rabbits edema of the brain developed regularly as the result of repeated regulated increase of general venous pressure which led to venous blood stasis in the brain. In determining the dependence of simultaneously recorded changes in the brain volume on its blood filling during tests with venous pressure increase, it was found that during the development of brain edema a tendency to accumulate water in the brain tissue occurred in some periods and a tendency to dehydration of the brain in others. Thus, besides the earlier detected compensation for the development of brain edema by means of circulatory changes, proof has been obtained that this compensation may occur due to active transport of water from the tissue to the blood stream. PMID- 7245981 TI - [Amipaque myeloradiculography in the diagnosis of brachial plexus root rupture]. AB - Myelography with a water-soluble contrast medium amipak (metrisamide) was applied in a complex with other diagnostic methods of examination in 22 patients with injury to the roots and primary trunks of the brachial plexus. Five of these patients had a clinical picture of Erb-Duchenne paralysis, in 17 injury to all the primary trunks with predominance of Djerine-Klumpke paralysis in the clinical picture was found. The results obtained provide evidence that myelography with amipak is a reliable method of the diagnosis of preganglionic (intraforaminal) injury to the roots of the brachial plexus. The most informative signs of such injury are. (a) traumatic meningocele; (b) deformity of the dura mater infundibula; (c) filling defects and constriction of the cerebrospinal fluid spaces. The presence of solitary meningocele is not a contraindication for operative exploration of the brachial plexus because of clinical picture of total paralysis may be caused by injury to the primary trunks in the more distal parts of the plexus. PMID- 7245982 TI - [International histologic classification of central nervous system tumors (WHO)]. PMID- 7245984 TI - Determination of the N-terminal amino acids of ribosomal proteins after gel electrophoretical purification. PMID- 7245985 TI - Neighbourhoods of proteins S2--S3, S3--S3a, S15--S15a, and S5--S25 within the small subunit of rat liver ribosomes. AB - Cross-linking of proteins within the small subunit of rat liver ribosomes by the bifunctional reagent dimethyl 3.8-diaza-4.7-dioxo-5.6-dihydroxydecanbisimidate results in the formation of various complex which were separated by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Components of four complexes were electrophoretically identified after periodate cleavage as S2--S3, S3--S3a, S15- S15a, and S5--S25. PMID- 7245983 TI - [Preparation and properties of immobilized glucose oxidase]. AB - Glucose oxidase from Penicillium notatum was immobilized by covalent, adsorptive or ion exchange attachment to insoluble carriers. The yields of immobilization using Spherons, DEAE-Sephadex, DEAE-cellulose and porous glass carriers are compared. Methods used for the estimation of kinetic parameters Km and kcat are described and results obtained for GOD in solution and in immobilized form are given. Investigations about the dependence of the enzymatic activity on pH, temperature and storage serve for the further characterization of the GOD derivatives. There are no significant changes in the functional behaviour of the enzyme due to immobilization on selected carriers. The results are discussed with regard to application of carrier bound GOD in enzyme reactors. PMID- 7245986 TI - Evidence for a direct influence of efferent control upon the mechano-sensitive receptors in the carotid bifurcation. AB - An efferent control upon the carotid baroreceptor could be achieved by two distinct ways, 1. by influencing the vessel wall mechanics, and 2. by modifying the sensitivity of the receptors. To give evidence that the last mentioned way is really involved, the ganglioglomerular nerve supplying the carotid bifurcation was stimulated with single electrical pulses triggered by the R-wave of the ECG. The time delay between R-wave and electrical stimulus was varied stepwise. Since the baroreflex pathway was kept intact, any changes in the sensitivity of the receptors should result in a blood pressure response. A maximum response was observed by applying the stimulus with a time delay of 45 ms after the R-wave. Because a biological latency has to be added, a gross latency was assumed of about 60 to 80 ms. The systolic pulse in the carotid bifurcation started with a similar time delay after the R-wave of about 65 +/- 3 ms. Therefore the coincidental relationship between increased sensitivity of the receptors caused by stimulation with the systolic pulse was assumed to be the real reason for eliciting the maximum response. The possible importance for the baroreceptor reflex regulation of the circulatory system is discussed. PMID- 7245989 TI - [Effect of reserpine on monoamine uptake by rat brain synaptosomes]. AB - With regard to the inhibition of monoamine-uptake the concentration response curve of reserpine shows a biphasice turn. The first phase produces a maximum dopamin-uptake inhibition of 55% (EC50:8 X 10(-9) mol X 1(-1)) which is of a competitive manner only in the presence of a very low reserpine concentration (1 X 10(-9) mol X 1(-1)). Higher concentrations of reserpine inhibit the dopamine uptake non competitively. This specific irreversible vesicular reserpine effect used therapeutically forms a plateau within a concentration rank from 10(-7) mol X 1(-1) to 10(-5) mol X 1(-1). A second mode of action of reserpine affects obviously the carrier mechanism located at the synaptosomal membrane (EC50: 5 X 10(-5) mol X 1(-1)). This second phase differs both from the first vesicular reserpine effect and from the synaptosomal action of tricyclic antidepressant drugs by its kinetic behavior (Km, Vmax). PMID- 7245987 TI - [Heart cycle related sensitivity of the pressor receptor reflex before and after dissection of the carotid sinus nerves]. AB - Both carotid sinus nerves of anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs were stimulated, before and after dissection, with brief, R-wave-triggered, submaximal electric impulses during different phases of the heart cycle. The resulting decrease of blood pressure and heart rate, related to the initial level and stimulation intensity is, respectively, about 2.5- and 4.5fold higher after denervation. Stimuli applied 90 ms after the R-wave provoke maximal lowering of mean arterial pressure. After dissection this maximum reappears, enhanced by the factor of 1.4, with stimuli delayed by 70 ms. Also, the initial decrease of heart rate in the first respiration cycle after onset of stimulation shows a maximum of 90 ms, which does not, however, change its position after dissection. Two mechanisms are discussed for the heart cycle related sensitivity of the pressor receptor reflex: 1. Time-selective inhibition of the sympathetic activity controlling the smooth vascular muscles because of a central coincidence of the afferent signals from the sinus and aorta nerves with the electric stimuli, and 2. the heart cycle related sensitivity of the heart against efferent vagal control signals. PMID- 7245988 TI - [Development of brain lipids in rats receiving a fat-free diet with respect to myelinization]. AB - Wistar rats were fed during the whole time of gestation with a fat-free diet. The diet regime was continued for the pups and mothers after term up to day 56 post partum. Phospholipids, cholesterol, and cerebrosides were estimated in the fetal brain at the 22nd day of gestation and in the brains of the new born animals at the 14th and 56th day post partum. The molar ratios typical for mature of myeline were followed up. Fat-free diet caused a reduction of brain weight by 50 per cent in fetuses at day 22 of gestation if compared with control animals. At day 14 and 56 post partum, however, this differences has been adjusted. Within the main phase of myelinization (14th-56th day) the brains of the diet animals showed an increased accumulation of phospholipids, a lower rise in cholesterol, and a strongly depressed accumulation of cerebrosides if compared with the control group. The results support the view that the fat-free diet may lead to a persistence of early states in mature of the myeline with an enrichment in membrane structures corresponding to early myeline. PMID- 7245991 TI - Influence of phenobarbital, chlorpromazine, progesterone and phenylbutazone on the biliary cholesterol excretion in rats. AB - Bile flow and biliary excretion of free cholesterol were estimated after single and/or repeated i.p. administration of phenobarbital (60 mg/kg b. w.), chlorpromazine (40 mg/kg b.w.), progesterone (50 mg/kg b.w.), and phenylbutazone (100 mg/kg b.w.) in male Wistar rats. The drugs enhanced the biliary cholesterol excretion after both single and repeated administration, whereas only phenobarbital and phenylbutazone pretreatment increased the bile flow. Bile acid excretion was concomitantly enhanced only after phenylbutazone pretreatment. These results suggest that cholesterol output in rats may be widely bile acid independent and can be influenced by different drugs. PMID- 7245990 TI - Effect of gelatin infusion on urinary excretion of water and electrolytes in rats. AB - The effect of gelatin infusion on water and electrolyte excretion in urine was studied by measuring the volume of excreted urine and the urinary excretion of Na+, K+, Ca++ and Mg++ in a group of male rats before and after receiving infusions of a 5% autoclaved gelatin solution containing 1% glycine (1 ml/100 g body). A similar group of rats received the diluent only (control group). The results obtained showed that the diluent had a diuretic and natriuretic effect but with a less marked degree than gelatin solution which caused marked diuresis, natriuresis and increased excretion of Ca++ and Mg++ in the urine. The K+ excretion was significantly decreased following gelatin infusion. All of these measurements returned to the base-line level after 72 h following gelatin infusion. PMID- 7245992 TI - [Locomotor activity of rats following chronic pretreatment with haloperidol]. AB - The spontaneous locomotor activity, the nocturnal action profile and exploratory behavior following chronic pretreatment with haloperidole was measured (2 mg/kg daily i. p. for 3 weeks). After this treatment all 3 parameters showed significant changes. The mean values of spontaneous activity during the night and the exploratory behavior during the day were strongly enhanced. The nocturnal action profile showed both amplification and a shift of the activity moves. The results give evidence of an increase and alteration of spontaneous motor actions, correlated with a relatively increased activity of the dopaminergic system due to the pretreatment. PMID- 7245993 TI - A microscope photometric method for the determination of proteins in solutions and homogenates at the nanogram level. AB - A micromethod for the determination of the protein content of biological material is described. Using this method, which is based on the decrease in absorbance of a solution of amido black, protein concentrations up to 120 ng in a 4 microliter sample can be accurately determined. PMID- 7245994 TI - [Three hundred and seventy-one cases of colon carcinoma; analysis and results (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1963 and 1978 the authors operated 371 patients for adenocarcinoma of the colon. The operability rate was as high as 99%. Sixty-three percent of the group were women. The average age was 66 years. A resection could be done in 86.5% of the cases; of those 75% were considered curative. Only 6.7% were stage A. Right sided lesions were treated with a right hemicolectomy. On the left side a left hemicolectomy was the operation of choice. A segmental resection was performed when local and general factors were unfavorable. The operative mortality (within 30 days) was 12.5% for the total group for "curative" resections the mortality was 9.9% all cases considered and 7.3% for these operated upon between 1971 and 1978. The survival rate for all operated patients is 34.8% (corrected 42.1%) 5 years later and remains about the same at 10 years (29.3%) (corrected 41.9%). PMID- 7245995 TI - A new approach for the surgical treatment of late post-total gastrectomy syndromes. AB - The value of a new reconstructive procedure after total gastrectomy is assessed in 79 patients who underwent this operation between 1964 and 1979. The results obtained in terms of mortality and of early and late morbidity have been most satisfactory. The new method offers to the patient an elimination of his post total gastrectomy symptoms, a sense of well-being, a satisfactory nutritional status and a potentially reasonable working capacity, without added risk of mortality or morbidity. Postoperative studies are presented which demonstrate that the reservoir created does not dilate but retains active peristalsis and controls emptying time in a nearly normal manner. A hypothesis is put forward to explain this. Thus from the results of this paper it may well be recommended in dealing with patients who are submitted to total gastrectomy. PMID- 7245998 TI - [Idiopathic scoliosis as a neuro-vertebral growth phenomenon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245996 TI - [Surgical experiences with adrenal tumors (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1957 and 1978 the authors operated 15 patients with an adrenal tumor. This series includes six pheochromocytomas, seven cortical tumors, one adrenal cyst and one neuroblastoma. The specific diagnostic and therapeutic problems encountered in this group of different type tumors are discussed. In the group of six pheochromocytomas one was benign but recurred nine years later, one was a paraganglioma and one a malignant pheochromocytoma with functional glandular metastases. The seven cortical tumors are divided into one functional benign tumor, two non-functional benign tumors of which one was located outside the adrenal gland, two non-functional malignant tumors, one functional malignant tumor and one syndrome of Conn. PMID- 7245999 TI - [On the kyphotization of the spine after laminectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7245997 TI - [A case of post-traumatic aortic valve insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - A case of posttraumatic aortic valve insufficiency is presented. A brief discussion of etiology, mechanism, evolution, diagnosis and treatment is included. Some important historical events are reviewed from the literature. The treatment of this uncommon heart injury is aortic valve replacement. In this case an intimal repair also had to be done. PMID- 7246000 TI - [Static and dynamic changes of the lumbosacral spine in coxarthrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246001 TI - [Our experience with halo traction in the surgical treatment of scolioses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246002 TI - [Experience of the First Orthopaedic Clinic in Prague with the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip joint by Hanausek's method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246004 TI - [Uncommon complication of Sivas's endoprosthesis of the hip joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246005 TI - [Prolongation of the leg by distraction of the proximal growth cartilages (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246006 TI - ["Horn syndrome" in injuries of the m. extensor digitorum communis of the hand (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246003 TI - [Derotation osteotomy of the neck of the femur in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246007 TI - [Contribution to investigations of the vascular supply of the Achilles tendon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246008 TI - [Contribution to probatory excisions from bone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246010 TI - [Pulmonary function patterns in patients with left heart failure (author's transl]. AB - Pulmonary function patterns were found to be different in patients with "pure" mitral stenosis (= 29), with concomitant mitral incompetence (n = 18) and with coronary heart disease (n = 12). Lung function in "pure" mitral stenosis has a trend to increased airway resistance with low vital capacity, without any statistical correlation between lung function data and hemodynamics. Coronary heart disease, in contrast, was found to show lung function abnormalities indicating increased pulmonary capillary volume and passive pulmonary hypertension, both being compatible with latent congestive failure. The group with combined mitral valve disease represented an intermediate type of cardiac lung. It can be concluded that a reflex mechanism is important in mitral stenosis between interstitial lung tissue and bronchomotor tone, but not necessarily between left atrium and pulmonary arteriolar tone. This reflex apparently is weaker in combined mitral valve disease and practically absent in coronary heart disease, where the expected lung function pattern compatible with early congestion should be encountered. The different pattern of mitral stenosis seems however, not to be related to the valve stenosis, but to the longstanding increase in pressures. The same mechanisms have been demonstrated in patients with acute left heart failure. PMID- 7246011 TI - [Clinical value of serum thyroglobulin and 131I-whole body retention measurements in the diagnosis of metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246009 TI - Respiratory distress and neonatal mortality in infants of diabetic and prediabetic mothers. AB - The 149 live births of 19 insulin-dependent diabetic mothers and 62 prediabetic mothers between 1940 and 1970 were reviewed. The frequency of respiratory distress was 31% in infants of diabetic mothers, 2.6% in infants of prediabetic mothers, and 0.46% in all infants born at the same hospital during the same period. Neonatal mortality during the first month of life was 14% in the infants of diabetic mothers and 3.5% in the infants of prediabetic mothers. Both these rates for neonatal mortality are higher than those reported for live births in the United States and Minnesota between 1950 and 1965. Of the deaths in both groups combined, 77% occurred in the first 3 days of life in infants diagnosed as having respiratory distress. Birth weight and prematurity, gestational age, and toxemia were associated with an increased frequency of respiratory distress in the infants of prediabetic mothers, whereas gestational age, mode of delivery, and weight gain during pregnancy were so associated in infants of insulin dependent diabetic mothers. PMID- 7246012 TI - [Renal insufficiency: definition and causes (author's transl)]. AB - An attempt is made to define "chronic kidney failure" and a summation of current research regarding the etiology of this disease is presented. Current knowledge of the pathogenesis of chronic renal insufficiency is reviewed as it was presented during an introductory lecture which was presented at the 1980 annual meeting of the Austrian Society of Internal Medicine. PMID- 7246014 TI - [Optimal conventional radiodiagnosis of chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. AB - Contemporary methods and risks of intravenous urography in the evaluation of chronic renal failure, are discussed. Differential diagnosis of "small" as well als of "large" kidneys is presented by analysing the contour of the organs and the configuration of the collecting systems. Illustrative cases are shown. PMID- 7246013 TI - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - In the first part of the paper, a survey is given concerning clinical symptoms and signs, with regard to the stage of chronic renal insufficiency. In the second part, diagnostic measures evaluating disturbed renal function and basic renal disease, are discussed. PMID- 7246015 TI - [The value of angiography, computerized tomography and sonography in the diagnosis of chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. AB - Concerning information with regard position, size and contour, there are no significant differences in sonography, computertomography and angiography. Sonography and CT have the advantage in demonstrating changes of the pyelon whereas angiography is the only method, which permits analysis of the vascular branches. Sonography should be used as primary investigation to detect morphological changes in chronic renal failure. CT seems important if, due to technical problems, sonography is not possible. Angiography is restricted to problems concerning the vascular tree. PMID- 7246016 TI - [Clinical significance of gamma camera renography in chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - Gamma camera renography allows, together with renal imaging, an evaluation of individual renal function. For these examinations, J 123 orthoiodohippurate is preferred and most widely used. The results on patients with chronic renal insufficiency, including urologic and posttransplantation patients, are reported. Whereas the method is of clinical significance in evaluating posttransplantation complications and in assessing individual kidney function preoperatively in urology, as well as in monitoring therapeutic effects in the early period of renal disease, it is of limited diagnostic value in chronic renal insufficiency. In this latter regard, clinical and laboratory examinations are of primary importance. PMID- 7246017 TI - [Special therapy in chronic renal disease (author's transl)]. AB - In this review the indications, dosage and side effects of antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs in chronic renal diseases, are described. PMID- 7246018 TI - [Therapy in chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - Therapy of chronic renal failure requires individual management in diet and vigorous treatment of disorders of fluid and electrolyte metabolism and renal acidosis. Concomitant diseases such as renal hypertension, arrhythmia, cardiac insufficiency, pulmonary complications, gastrointestinal disorders, renal anaemia, affection of central nervous system, disturbance in glucose, uric acid and lipid metabolism and infections, demand careful medication Selection of drugs and doses related to impaired renal functions, is indicated. PMID- 7246019 TI - [When is hemofiltration indicated, in the treatment of renal insufficiency? (author's transl)]. AB - Most of the patients on RDT, tolerate hemofiltration better than hemodialysis because hemofiltration rarely causes hemodynamic complications, or symptoms of disequilibrium. In comparison with hemodialysis, hemofiltration is more extensive and it's performance more laborious. With regard to the advantages, hemofiltration should be preferred in patients with high degrees of acotemia who appear for the first treatment, in patients suffering from cardiac insufficiency or autonomic insufficiency, and furthermore in all dialysis patients suffering from therapeutic refractory hypertension, neuropathy, and in risked elderly patients with hypotension. PMID- 7246020 TI - [Dietary Management of chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. AB - Poor dietary protein intake in chronic uremia decreases plasma urea levels, stabilizes the patients condition, but may induce overall nitrogen balance negativity. Since nutrients protein was classified by its essential amino acid content and therefore its biological value, many attempts were performed in order to lower the protein intake, without marked catabolism. After a short review of the most important diets of low protein and high calories content, the definition of the "protein unit" was pointed out for its practical importance and its variability. The subsequently enhanced patient acceptance of more palatable food, led to striking clinical improvement and stabilization of the uremic condition. PMID- 7246021 TI - [Treatment of patients on maintenance dialysis by a privately practicing physician (author's transl)]. AB - The patient under maintenance-dialysis, is advised and cared for by the dialysis center he has been assigned to. The physician with a private practice normally has little occasion to know about the problems of these patients. He is basically restricted to the following: 1. Occasional help, concerning the psychical and physical adaptation phase, at the beginning of dialysis treatment. 2. The treatment of possible complications (effects of overhydration, disturbances in the electrolyte metabolism, cerebral damage) inclusive of shunt complications. The Treatment of other diseases which do not have to do with renal insufficiency, should only be carried out following clarification of the case, with or in direct cooperation with, the responsible dialysis center. PMID- 7246022 TI - Postanesthesia lung volumes in surgical patients. PMID- 7246023 TI - Sexual harassment and nurse anesthetists. PMID- 7246024 TI - Male student nurse anesthetists: clinical supervision. PMID- 7246025 TI - Identifying potential loss areas- and analysis of reported anesthesia claims and incidents. PMID- 7246026 TI - AANA Journal course: preoperative evaluation assessment of the patient. Part 2. Cardiovascular system. PMID- 7246027 TI - Neuromuscular blocking properties of dioxonium. AB - The characteristics of the myoneural block caused by a new neuromuscular blocking agent, dioxonium (Dx), were evaluated in surgical patients. The force and the corresponding electromyogram (EMG) of the thumb adduction evoked by various modes of ulnar nerve stimuli were measured. Onset, maintenance and disappearance of blockade after sequential administration of Dx were compared with results obtained with d-tubocurarine (dTc) or suxamethonium (Sx). Initially the Dx block was shown to be depolarizing with a negligible fade in the 2 Hz train of four stimuli with a single twitch suppression of 90%. On a weight basis, Dx was found to be about 15 times as potent as dTc in suppressing twitch to the 90% level. During maintenance, the block gained nondepolarizing characteristics with profound fades in the 2 and 50 Hz trains. The transition was associated with tachyphylaxis and with a more pronounced suppression of EMG amplitude than that measured in the twitch force. After a total dose of about 100 microgram/kg of Dx, the sensitivity to Dx again increased and the discrepancy between twitch tension and EMG disappeared. This pattern of changes was also seen with Sx. Spontaneous recovery occurred slightly faster than after dTc blocks of corresponding duration. With neostigmine, reversal was hastened and a full recovery with restitution of prerelaxant twitch and disappearance of fades was reached in about 20 min. Some discrepancy in EMG amplitude and twitch force persisted, however. PMID- 7246028 TI - Posture with elevated and extended thorax. The influence of the position on some haemodynamic and ventilatory parameters under general anaesthesia. AB - The effects of a change in posture from flat supine to supine with elevated and extended thorax have been investigated in 12 healthy patients under general anaesthesia prior to elective surgery on the stomach. The following parameters were measured: pulse rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), central venous pressure (CVP), ventilation pressure, oesophageal pressure, and arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions. Changes were measured as deviations from initial values before the change of position at 4 and 15 min after the change. One patient (8%) had a 31% fall in MABP and a 87% fall in CVP, requiring treatment outside the standard procedure, but acceptable values were obtained by simple means. Eleven patients showed only minor changes: a mean initial rise in pulse rate of 10% and a fall in CVP of 25%, after which the pulse rate returned to the initial level and the CVP remained stable. MABP was unchanged, as were ventilation pressure, oesophageal pressure and gas tensions. On the basis of reports in the literature and findings in this study, it is concluded that otherwise healthy patients tolerate the posture well, the slight risk of haemodynamic complications being outweighed by the surgical advantages. This posture should be used with caution in patients who may be haemodynamically unable to compensate. PMID- 7246029 TI - Epidural block with chloroprocaine during labour. AB - Lumbar epidural block was performed during labour in 50 healthy women, with 2% chloroprocaine in an initial dose of about 6 ml. Pain relief was achieved within 5 min and the mean duration of action was 43 min. The frequency of instrumental deliveries was lower than earlier obtained with bupivacaine. No specific adverse reactions were found in the infants. In 20 cases, serum cholinesterase activity was analysed in mothers as well as infants and found to be normal. PMID- 7246030 TI - Close scavenging experimental and preliminary clinical studies of a method of reducing anaesthetic gas contamination. AB - Long-term exposure to low concentrations of anaesthetic gases is potentially hazardous. In spite of efforts to reduce the exposure of personnel by increased air conditioning, by scavenging of excess circuit gases and by improvements in anaesthetic equipment, high concentrations of gases have still been measured. Problems arise during mask induction, in paediatric anesthesia, and in certain situations with unavoidable leaks, especially in small rooms but also in recovery rooms. Experimental and preliminary clinical studies have shown that nitrous oxide pollution can be considerably reduced by using a separate close scavenging system in the area where high gas concentrations occur. The geometrical and flow dimensions of a close scavenging device used in paediatric anaesthesia are described. PMID- 7246031 TI - Effects of intercostal nerve blocks on pulmonary mechanics in healthy men. AB - Bilateral block of the 5th through the 11th intercostal nerves was induced in 16 healthy men. In eight of the men, bupivacaine 0.25% was used and in the other eight, etidocaine 0.5%. Before and after induction of the block flow/volume curves, maximal airway pressures, and pulmonary compliance, were recorded, and helium spirometry and multiple and single breath nitrogen wash-outs were performed. There were no differences between the results in the two groups, and the material was therefore pooled. Total lung capacity was decreased by 4%. There was no increase in residual volume, though the maximal expiratory airway pressure decreased by 7%. There was an 8% decrease in functional residual capacity. Pulmonary recoil appeared to be unchanged, as also did the effort-independent peak expiratory flow rates. According to the pulmonary nitrogen clearance index, the overall pulmonary time constant did not alter, while the slope of the alveolar plateau in the single breath nitrogen wash-out test increased by 9%. The significance of the latter finding is unclear, but it is concluded that the nerve block had no obvious effects on pulmonary mechanics, the changes observed rather being attributable to effects on the chest wall. PMID- 7246032 TI - Transcutaneous oxygen measurement during thoracic anaesthesia. AB - The value of transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) as an oxygen parameter during uncomplicated thoracic anaesthesia was examined in ten patients anaesthetized with oxygen-nitrous oxide and enflurane or flunitrazepam/fentanyl. tcPO2 was measured with the Radiometer TCM-I monitor at 45 degrees C. Measuring interference due to the anaesthetic agents was not observed. tcPO2 was found to be lower than the arterial tension (PaO2) at any inspiratory oxygen fraction (FIO2). When the peroperative readings were related to the preoperative values, no statistically significant difference was found between PaO2 and tcPO2 at FIO2 0.5, 0.4 and 0.3 (P greater than 0.3). Linear regression between PaO2 and tcPO2 shows disparity in pre- and peroperative regression. tcPO2 (preoperative) = -2.2 + 1.03 X PaO2 (4 = 0.89) tcPO2 (preoperative) = +3.1 + 0.56 X PaO2 (r = 0.87). This disparity indicates a decrease in the tcPO2/PaO2 ratio with increasing PaO2. It is concluded that tcPO2 cannot substitute for PaO2, but tcPO2 and PaO2 proved to be equally useful as oxygen parameters in the examined patients. Interpretation of tcPO2 during anaesthesia, however, necessitates a preoperative measurement as reference. PMID- 7246033 TI - Subarachnoid block after a "top-up" dose during continuous segmental epidural analgesia in labour. A case report. AB - We describe a case of spinal block which developed after a second "top-up" of local anaesthetic during segmental epidural analgesia in labour. The incidence of similar cases is reviewed. The importance of aspiration and the injection of a "test" dose before every "top-up" is stressed. PMID- 7246034 TI - Nitrous-oxide analgesia during ambulance transportation. Airborne levels of nitrous oxide. AB - A model experiment was performed for studying nitrous-oxide levels in the breathing zones of the different members of an ambulance team, viz. the anesthetist, the accompanying person in the ambulance coupe, and the ambulance driver. Without a functioning local exhaust coupled to the exhalation valve, the integrated average level of nitrous oxide in the breathing zone of the anesthetist was 650-1,700 ppm, with top concentrations up to 7,500 ppm. Under the same conditions, the accompanying person in the ambulance coupe was exposed to average concentrations of 58-280 ppm, with top concentrations up to 660 ppm. The mean exposure of the driver was 9-45 ppm (max. 81 ppm). However, the exposure to nitrous oxide was considerably decreased in all parts of the ambulance by an effective local exhaust system. A prerequisite for nitrous-oxide analgesia in ambulances is an effective local exhaust coupled to the exhalation valve or face mask. The ambulance coupe ought to be equipped with a motor-driven exhaust fan in the roof, the ordinary inlet fan of the ambulance should be switched on at maximum speed, and any additional heater or fan in the ambulance coupe should be placed inside the coupe and not behind the driver's seat. PMID- 7246035 TI - Acute postoperative digitalization of patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease after major surgery. A randomized haemodynamic study and proposal for therapy. AB - Twenty patients with impaired left ventricular function during exercise, who underwent major vascular surgery for arteriosclerotic disease, were randomly digitalized in the immediate postoperative period. All patients had a smooth postoperative course. Haemodynamic measurements showed improved left ventricular function in those who received digitalis, since 60 min after full digitalization the digitalized patients had a highly significant decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) with unchanged stroke volume index (SVI) and left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI). The same improvement in cardiac function was present the next morning. The present study provides haemodynamic data in support of clinical studies showing a beneficial effect of prophylactic digitalization in surgical patients with clinical signs of arteriosclerotic heart disease, though not in overt failure. PMID- 7246036 TI - Occurrence of a contractile tissue in the theca externa of atretic follicles in the mouse ovary. AB - In mature mouse ovaries, smooth muscle cells (SMC) are as a rule concentrated in the perifollicular stroma of developing follicles but are also present in different ovarian regions. In growing antral follicles SMC form a conspicuous investment ('capsule') of concentric layers of stretched and elongated elements located in the zones of the theca externa. On the contrary, in antral follicles reaching approximately the same growth phase but with clear signs of atresia, the contractile capsule of the follicles has an irregular outline due to an apparent dislocation and shortening of SMC. The ultrastructural findings show that in atretic follicles the majority of the cells forming this capsule possess the cytological characteristics of SMC fixed in contraction. The occurrence of compressed SMC in the wall of atretic follicles suggests that some relationship exists between follicle contraction and the atretic process. In the case of the follicle at ovulation, it may be suggested that the activation of such perifollicular contractile tissue, even if incapable of producing alone the dehiscence of the follicle, may nevertheless be capable of squeezing the follicular wall. Then, if other factors do not simultaneously occur to cause a normal ovulatory process, the contraction of this tissue, instead of assisting in the rupture of the follicle, may favor its collapse and subsequent involution during atresia. PMID- 7246037 TI - A light and electron microscopic study of the pineal body of the nutria (Myocastor coypus). AB - Light and electron microscopic studies of the nutria (Myocastor coypus) pineal gland revealed pinealocytes interspersed among glial, vascular, and neuronal elements. Each pinealocyte possessed a single process that terminated within the parenchyma near the perivascular region. The eccentrically located nucleus in these cells contained euchromatic chromatin, a prominent nucleolus, and a highly infolded nuclear envelope. The cytoplasm was rich in mitochondria, Golgi complexes, and glycogen particles. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) was better developed thant he rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and polyribosomes were not abundant. Long profiles of subsurface cisterns constituted prominent cytoplasmic features, and these were most conspicuous in the regions of soma somatic apposition. The bulbous endings of the pinealocyte processes were filled with clear, round, secretory vesicles. Dense-cored vesicles were rarely observed. Glia reminiscent of protoplasmic astrocytes displayed cytoplasmic processes that enveloped blood vessels, invested the pineal periphery, and intervened among the pinealocytes. They thus seemed to form a barrier between the meningeal capsule and vascular space on the one hand and the parenchyma on the other. PMID- 7246038 TI - [Medullated ganglion cells in the guinea pig labyrinth]. AB - The pericellular structures of the three ganglia situated in the petrous bone were investigated by light and electron microscopy in the guinea pig. All perikarya of the ganglion spirale cochleae and the ganglion vestibulare are surrounded by a myelin sheath which consists of 10-15 layers. Relative to their size, the cells of the ganglion spiral are characterized by a thicker myelin sheath than those of the ganglion vestibulare. The peripheral and central processes of the ganglion cells show a stronger myelination than the corresponding perikarya. The decrease in myelin from the nerve fibre to the perikarya does not proceed continuously but occurs only after the last interanular segment. At the peripheral processes, the myelin sheath ends a few micrometres before reaching the sensory epithelial layer. The perikarya of the ganglion geniculi nervi facialis are unmyelinated. PMID- 7246039 TI - Studies on orthocephalization. VII. Behavior of the rat cranial frame in the period between 1 day before birth to 14 days after birth. AB - The positional stability of the zygomatic arch of the rat skull in relation to the parietal bone, the basisphenoid bone and the length axis of the skull, as previously demonstrated in rats older than 14 days, does not exist to the same degree in younger rats. These conclusions have been drawn from a study of a sample of rats, aged 0, 4, 7 and 14 days. These 4 groups of rats have been x rayed after sacrifice, and from the x-ray photographs, quantitative expressions of angular values between the mentioned structures have been obtained. The most important result is, however, considered to be, that a full description of the behavior of the external cranial frame of the rat skull is now available for further studies on the process of orthocephalization. PMID- 7246040 TI - Alteration of Scapular morphology through experimental behavioral modification in the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus). AB - It is demonstrated that the behavior/morphology interface can be studied in controlled experiments. The normal locomotor behavior of the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) was modified so that animals were restricted to either a plantigrade, 'non-climbing', control environment or an experimental, suspensory, 'climbing' environment. Distinct scapular correlates of the modified behavior were observed. Climbing experimental animals exhibited narrower scapulae with angular measurements consistent with reduced scapular breadth. Plantigrade control animals exhibited broader more squared scapulae. It is suggested that the methodology used here can be extended to natural populations with analogous locomotor behaviors. PMID- 7246041 TI - Morphogenesis of aortic arch malformations in rat embryos after maternal treatment with glycerol formal during pregnancy. AB - The morphogenesis of the aortic arch system was studied in rat embryos whose mothers had been treated with glycerol formal (GF) during pregnancy. The fetuses were removed from the uterus on days 13-17 of gestation and India ink was injected into their vascular system while they were still alive. The teratogenic effect of GF manifested itself by developmental retardation of the aortic arch system, vessel dilatation and persistence or anomalous regression of embryonic vessels. These conditions result in several aortic arch malformations: right aortic arch, double aortic arch and persistence of the 3rd aortic arch. PMID- 7246042 TI - Volumetric comparison of the accessory olfactory bulb in bats. AB - Accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) volumes were calculated in 26 chiropteran species. The percentage of the AOB in relation to the olfactory bulb complex ranges between 0.18 and 2.70%. The allometric comparison reveals the high development of this structure in the phyllostomatid subfamily of Glossophaginae. Carolliinae and Sturnirinae are near the chiropteran average. Smaller AOBs can be observed in Sphaeronycteris, Diphylla, Pteronotus parnellii and Miniopterus schreibersi. Comparison of the right/left AOB size in 56 specimens showed a slight predominance of the latter (average 50.6% of total volume). Intraspecific variability of this structure is pronounced, reaching a maximum SEM of 23.2% in Artibeus lituratus. Other species with well-developed AOBs tend to show high intraspecific variability. The role of the accessory olfactory system is seen by recent investigators mainly in its participation in sexual behavior and in close connection with the 'Flehmen' gesture, which is predominantly shown by male individuals. When comparing the size of the AOB in 18 bat species where both sexes were represented, only half of them showed smaller AOBs in females. This demonstrates that there is no tendency towards reduction of this structure in females. PMID- 7246043 TI - Histological changes in the thyroid gland induced by monosodium glutamate in mice. AB - The effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the thyroid gland of mice is studied. MSG induces marked histological changes in the thyroid tissue, indicative of hypothyroidism. The follicular epithelium, is greatly compressed and the follicles have enlarged due to distension with the accumulation of colloid. The histological picture of the thyroid gland remains unchanged for the animals sacrificed after short-term (13 weeks) and long-term (52 weeks) treatment. MSG, therefore, has a cumulative effect. The hypothyroidism is attributed to the influence of the drug on hypothalamus-pituitary function and the secretion of hormones responsible for the thyroid metabolism. PMID- 7246047 TI - [Paroxysmal phenomena in multiple sclerosis. Brain stem crisis]. AB - The authors report three cases of multiple sclerosis which presented, during its course, paroxysmal attacks, also denominated brain-stem seizures. They review the literature with special reference to the incidence and the clinical forms of these paroxysmal phenomena, and they discuss the proposed pathogenic mechanisms. According to the authors, the literature review and the clinical picture of their cases, have shown a direct relation between these paroxysmal symptoms and a neighboring bout of the disease. They may also appear as an isolate "abortive bout". A partially demielinated lesion at brain-stem level, possibly by a transversely spreading ephatic activation, is suggested to explain the clinical phenomena. PMID- 7246044 TI - [Comparative anatomical study on paranasal sinuses, with special references to the pneumatization mechanism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246045 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative histology and histogenesis of the mouse epididymis, with special emphasis on the regional difference (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246046 TI - [Merkel cell differentiation in the developing tentacles of Xenopus Laevis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246049 TI - [Cerebral vasospasm. Clinicoangiographic correlation]. AB - The authors analyzed the clinicoangiographic correlation of cerebral vasospasm in a series of 120 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to aneurysmal rupture. They made such correlation in the pre and postoperative course, in the follow-up, and in relation with the pathological findings. All patients were studied with one to three angiographies in the pre and postoperative course. For the clinical grading the authors have used the classification of Botterell modified by Hunt et al, and for the cerebral vasospasm, the classification of Pool and Potts and Saito et al. They found a good correlation between the cerebral vasospasm and the disorders of consciousness or motility, i.e. when both of them are considered separately, and only in patients with neurological injury. In comparing Botterell grade I and grades II-V, in 25% of the grade I patients, cerebral vasospasm was observed without neurologic injury. The incidence of cerebral vasospasm was lower in grades II-V patients and the severity of the clinical picture was in relation with other factors such as hematoma, infarct, hydrocephalus, etc. The authors consider the possibility of a personal variability of the cerebral vasospasm in relation with a different susceptibility to the spasmogenic substances. PMID- 7246048 TI - [Surgery by anterior approach in cervical myelopathy with a narrow canal]. AB - Twenty four patients with spastic paraparesis due to cervical myelopathy were operated on by the anterior approach. They all received anterior cervical discectomy and/or osteophytes resection with the operating microscope, without fusion. There were no deaths and no one deteriorated after surgery. The results in the 21 patients with a year or more of post-operative follow-up are described. Seven had a congenital narrow canal associated with discopathy, with a history of up to 9 years. In 6, the spastic paraparesis improved, in 2, dramatically. One patient had no change. The other 14 patients had a normal cervical canal. Eight had an excellent result, and only one did not improve. The patients with a narrow canal were a little worse than those with a normal canal, but both groups are not quite comparable. More experience is needed, but the evidence suggest that the anterior approach give good results in cervical myelopathy with discopathy associated with narrow canal, without mortality or post-operative deterioration. PMID- 7246050 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus starting with deterioration of the higher functions of the central nervous system]. AB - The authors report the case of a 42 years-old electrician man, with an 8 months progressive manual difficulties in his specific job, with a complete disability for the last 2 months. These symptoms were associated with anemia, deterioration of the general condition, and slight fever. Three days after the first neuropsychological examination he, suddenly, developed a left hemiparesis. Laboratory investigations confirmed the occurrence of a systemic lupus erythematosus. The neuropsychological examination showed: normal intellectual level with slight memory deficit; severe constructional and ideomotor apraxia; gaze ataxia; optical ataxia; hemisomatoagnosia, anosognosia, and autotopagnosia; agraphia. The authors discuss this particular syndromatic association, remarking the alterations of oculomotor control, the optical ataxia and the role which both may have in the disorganization of gesture activity, concerning also the gnosics disturbances. Furthermore, agraphia is stressed as well as its relation with apraxic disturbances. On the basis of the semiological analysis, the authors come to the conclusion of a bilateral temporo-parieto-occipital involvement. PMID- 7246051 TI - [Use of the inflated balloon catheter in the treatment of carotid-cavernous fistula]. AB - In the vast majority of techniques used to treat carotid-cavernous fistulas the carotid artery has been occluded. Occlusion of the fistula with preservation of carotid blood flow is achieved by new techniques as those proposed by Parkinson, Serbinenko and Mullan. However the sophisticated equipments and surgical acts which are needed for these methods has not allowed its general use. The use of Fogarty type balloon catheters has had a place in the treatment of carotido cavernous fistulas. The carotid artery has to be occluded too, but the procedure is much safer and easier. Our results in a series of 6 cases are reported. Considerations about indications and the technical aspects are made. The results were good and the procedure may be used with conventional equipment. PMID- 7246052 TI - Nerve fibre degeneration of the central and peripheral nervous systems in severe protein deprivation in rats. AB - Knowledge from previous reports that kwashiorkor in man may lead to nerve fibre degeneration prompted this study on rats. The rats were subjected to severe protein deprivation from 6 weeks of age. Protein deprivation was achieved by feeding the rats ad lib with a diet containing only 1.5% protein. Control rats received an iso-caloric diet with 14% protein. The vitamin content in both diets was well above normal requirements. In relation to body weight the protein deprived rats did not consume less food than the control rats. Protein deprivation resulted in stunted body growth, markedly reduced values of serum albumin, and changes in the fur accompanied by areas of alopecia. Furthermore, the protein-deprived rats showed degeneration of nerve fibres in the medial parts of the posterior columns of the cervical but not the sacral part of the spinal cord and nerve fibre degeneration in the distal but not the proximal parts of the longitudinal tail nerves. Teased nerve fibre preparations of the tail nerves revealed changes consistent with the Wallerian type of degeneration. It is concluded that severe protein deprivation in young rats may lead to a "dying back" type of neuropathy in the central and peripheral nervous systems. PMID- 7246053 TI - Changes in peripheral nerves of rats four months after induction of streptozotocin diabetes. A qualitative and quantitative study. AB - Eight streptozotocin-injected Wistar rats and eight controls were fixed by whole body perfusion 4 months after beginning of the experiment, the nervus radialis was dissected and processed for light and electron microscopy. After light microscopic study standard photographs of nerve cross sections were measured by means of a semiautomatic image analyzer. The following measurements were obtained: (1) surface of fibers, axons, and myelin sheaths, (2) ratio of myelin to axon surface, and (3) percent of endoneural space. Group means and standard deviations were calculated, and cumulated size class distributions were made. Representative nerve specimens from all animals were also studied by electron microscopy. The quantitative study revealed in the diabetics a severe reduction of the average myelin surface, a mild increase of axonal cross section and of endoneural space, a reduction of myelin/axon ratio and a mild reduction in cross section of the nerve. Ultrastructural lesions of minor degree were found in the cytoplasm of Schwann and mesenchymal cells, no lesion was observed in axons. These findings demonstrate the presence of neuropathy 4 months after induction of diabetes and support the pathogenetic role of the Schwann cell in our experimental model. PMID- 7246054 TI - Ultrastructural and cytochemical characteristics of cultured rat Schwann cells. AB - Schwann cell cultures were established from sciatic nerve of 3 day-old rats. Described are the ultrastructural, histochemical and ultracytochemical properties of amyelic cultured rat Schwann cells. Ultrastructural characteristics of the cultured Schwann cells are compared to the Schwann cells of 3 day-old and adult rat sciatic nerve. These findings serve as a basis for comparison when studying experimentally induced alterations in the cultured Schwann cells as well as changes due to myelination in vitro. PMID- 7246056 TI - Demyelination with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis of the CNS. AB - A case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with central nervous system involvement in an infant is presented. Marked demyelination of cerebral and cerebellar white matter is associated with an intense histiocytic infiltrations and astrogliosis. Histiocytes phagocytic of erythrocytes and lymphocytes are noted in a meningeal, subependymal, and perivascular distribution. Severe depletion of lymphoid tissue, associated with histiocytic infiltration, is also seen in multiple organs. While the etiology of this disease is unknown, alterations in the immune response and possible viral relationships are explored. PMID- 7246055 TI - The pathology of experimental obstructive hydrocephalus. A scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Obstructive hydrocephalus was produced in 14-day old rabbits by injection of kaolin into the cisterna magna. The ependymal lining was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Marked hydrocephalus was present 1 or 2 weeks after the kaolin injection. The ependymal lining adapted remarkably well to the rapid expansion by increasing the surface area of the ependymal cells. No breaks or denudement of the ependymal lining was observed except at the sites of ruptured ventricular synechiae. Generally, these findings confirm previous light and electron microscopic observations on the same model (Torvik et al. 1976; Torvik and Stenwig 1977). The results are discussed in relation to current theories concerning the pathophysiology of acute hydrocephalus. PMID- 7246057 TI - Further observations in the eighth nerve in Meniere's disease. AB - Forty patients with advanced Meniere's disease were operated upon by vestibular or eighth nerve neurectomy. The biopsied nerve specimens were studed by light and electron microscopy. Round areas containing no or very few axons and bundles of proliferated processes of fibrous astrocytes were found in six cases. A combination of clinical and histopathologic findings suggests that some patients with symptoms identical to Meniere's disease might have a primary neuronal disease leading to nonspecific reparative response by fibrous astrocytes. PMID- 7246059 TI - Abnormally high content of unmyelinated axon profiles in the ventral root L7 of a cat with an abdominal neoplasm. AB - The ventral roots of L7 of a cat with an intestinal neoplasm were examined electron-microscopically at different proximo-distal levels. The proportion of unmyelinated axon profiles was 50-55% at mid-root and distal levels as compared to 30% in normal adult cats. In the juxtamedullary root fascicles the proportion was normal (average 20%), and few unmyelinated axons seemed to penetrate into the CNS through the ventral root. The number of myelinated axons was within the normal range. PMID- 7246058 TI - Occurrence of a primary Burkitt-type lymphoma of the central nervous system in an astrocytoma patient. A case report. AB - A primary Burkitt-type lymphoma of the CNS was reported which developed in an 11 year-old boy 6 months after extirpation of an astrocytoma. Primary Burkitt-type lymphomas have been described only twice in the literature. The morphological aspect is interesting with regard to the problem of collision tumors. PMID- 7246060 TI - Nasu-Hakola's disease (membranous lipodystrophy). A case report. AB - An autopsy case of Nasu-Hakola's disease (membranous lipodystrophy) was reported. A 29-year-old Japanese woman whose younger sister had been affected with typical Nasu-Hakola's disease with skeletal and neuropsychiatric syndromes and membrano cystic lesions in the bones developed forgetfulness and lack of initiative. The clinical features were characterized by diminished drive, apathy, euphoria, disturbance of attention, amnestic syndrome, and gait disturbance. The clinical course of her illness was 8 years. The neuropathologic examination revealed marked symmetrical gliosis of the cerebral white matter (sclerosing leukodystrophy) predominantly in the frontal and temporal lobes with slight or moderate demyelination (dissociation glio-myelinique) and widespread axonal changes such as fragmentation and spheroid in the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum, basal ganglia, and brain stem. The ultrastructure of spheroids showed neurofilamentous accumulation. We discussed the importance of axonal changes with regard to the pathogenesis and etiogenesis of the disease. PMID- 7246061 TI - The node of Ranvier in early Wallerian degeneration: a freeze-fracture study. AB - Using the freeze-fracture technique, the sciatic nerve of the rat and rabbit was examined distally at 24 h after crush, with particular reference to the node of Ranvier and paranode. The paranodes, in the majority of myelinated fibres, showed a loss of the cytoplasmic circumferential bands and longitudinal columns and their associated membrane pores which characterise the normal Schwann cell surface. Axonal changes consisting of accumulations of axoplasmic organelles occurred at both the node and paranode. At the nodes large intramembraneous particles in the axolemma (E face) appeared unchanged. Nodal Schwann cell microvilli and paranodal myelin terminal loops were generally unaffected. The findings are discussed in terms of the decrease in amplitude of the action potential which occurs in early Wallerian degeneration. PMID- 7246062 TI - [Pregnancy and delivery following cardiac valve replacement (author's transl)]. AB - We describe 30 patients with Starr-Edwards cardiac valve replacements who underwent pregnancy. Fourteen pregnant women who received anticoagulants gave rise to 3 neonatal anomalies such as congenital heart disease, polydactylia and microphthalmus. And fetal losses were 5 spontaneous abortions. Women with artificial valves can tolerate the hemodynamic load of pregnancy well, but there is an increased fetal wastage in patients taking oral anticoagulants (coumarin: warfarin). Namely, there is probably largely attributable to fetal hemorrhage but there is also a risk of malformation caused by teratogenic effects of warfarin. In contrast, pregnant women who didn't receive anticoagulants had the risk of thrombo-embolismus. It is suggested that the best plan is to use long acting oral anticoagulants during antenatal period and heparin over the periods of labor. PMID- 7246063 TI - [Effects of inflammation and stimulant diets on functions of autonomic nervous system (author's transl)]. AB - In usual medical consultation, we have been met a lot of female patients suffering from disturbances of autonomic nervous system such as headache, shoulder-ache and so on. Experiments were designed to elucidate whether or not these disturbances of autonomic nervous system were induced by inflammation and accelerated by stimulant diets. Functions of autonomic nervous system were examined by lipolysis in rat epididymal adipose tissue which was partly controlled by sympathetic nervous system. It was found that free fatty acid release from the epididymal adipose tissue was considerably elevated by inflammation which was formed in abdominal wall or in abdominal cavity or oral administration of stimulant diets such as red pepper and white pepper, and that such elevation of lipolysis was significantly reduced by resection of the autonomic nerve. These results indicated that the inflammation and the stimulant diets induced excitement of sympathetic nerve which controlled the epididymal adipose tissue. Experiments were now in progress to clarify relationship between such excitement of sympathetic nervous system induced by the inflammation or by the stimulant diet and irregular complaints due to disturbances of autonomic nervous system. PMID- 7246065 TI - [Comparative studies on doses of complement for detection of sperm immobilizing antibody in serum, cervical mucus and seminal plasma (author's transl)]. AB - In Isojima's sperm immobilization test, the complement is one of the most important factors which influence on sensitivity of the test. Previously we reported that more than 10 CH50 of guinea pig serum complement was necessary in the reaction to obtain the best result for measuring the sperm immobilizing antibody in the serum. This time, the influences of various test specimens on complement activities for the sperm immobilization test were studied and the necessary amounts of complement to detect the sperm immobilizing antibody in serum, cervical mucus and seminal plasma were compared. In the sperm immobilization test, the following results were obtained: 1. The amount of complement (guinea pig serum) added was 11.9 CH50, and after 60 minutes incubation at 32 degrees C in veronal buffer (VB2+), 2.0 +/- 0.3 (M +/- SD) of CH50 was consumed. 2. When human serum, cervical mucus and seminal plasma were added to the reaction as specimens, the complement consumptions (M +/- SD) were more 0.2 +/- 0.3 CH50, 0.2 +/- 0.2 CH50 and 3.3 +/- 0.8 CH50 than that of VB2+ buffer respectively. 3. When the washed human spermatozoa were added, the consumed amounts of complement (M +/- SD) were dose dependent; 3.5 +/- 0.7 CH50 for 100 X 10(4) spermatozoa, 7.3 +/- 0.3 CH50 for 200 X 10(4) spermatozoa and 15.7 +/- 2.2 CH50 for 400 X 10(4) spermatozoa. 4. In our sperm immobilization test, the net consumptions of complement (M +/- SD) were 5.0 +/- 0.7 CH50 for specimen of serum, 4.9 +/- 0.8 CH50 for specimen of cervical mucus and 11.1 +/- 1.2 CH50 for specimen of seminal plasma. 5. Complement doses necessary to obtain the most sensitive sperm immobilization tests were 10 CH50 for both serum and cervical mucus specimens, and 15 CH50 for seminal plasma specimen. PMID- 7246064 TI - [A study on the possible transmission of hepatitis B virus from HBsAg carrier women to their husbands (author's transl)]. AB - In order to assess the possible sexual transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), the occurrence of post-marital acute hepatitis and the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (HBsAb) were investigated among the husbands of HBsAg carrier women. The possible infectious routes and influencing factors in the HBV infection of the husbands by their HBsAg carrier wives were also discussed. This study demonstrates: 1. In the husbands examined, the exposure marker of HBV was found to be 32.8 per cent and the occurrence rate of post marital hepatitis came up to 7.2 per cent. 2. The transmission of HBV from HBsAg carrier women to their husbands was supposed to take place shortly after marriage. E-Ag and e-Ab in ther sera of HBsAg carrier women could serve respectively as indicators of positive and negative HBV transmission. In the husbands with wives whose serum HBsAg-titers by R-PHA were higher than 39, a high exposure marker of HBV (87.5%) was observed. 3. The results of HBsAg detection rates and titers in various kinds of body fluids obtained from HBsAg carrier women suggested that cervical mucus and vaginal discharge might play an important role in the sexual HBV transmission. PMID- 7246066 TI - [Study on passive immunization for biological action of oxytocin (author's transl)]. AB - The physiological roles of oxytocin in pregnant rats were studied by passive immunization. Oxytocin antibody (A/S OT) was produced to synthetic OT in rabbits by immunizing with OT conjugated to bovine serum albumin by glutaraldehyde method. Then the sera in the rabbits were tested for the potency of antibody to OT by double antibody radioimmunoassay. On the nineteenth day of pregnancy, each of ten rats was daily injected subcutaneously with 1 ml of A/S OT up to parturition. The mean gestation period in the treated rats was 23.1 +/- 0.31 days and in the control rats (normal rabbit serum: NRS treated), 23.2 +/- 0.13 days. The amount, 1 ml of antiserum, was inferred to be capable to sufficiently neutralize the endogenous oxytocin in pregnant rats. This antiserum was proved to inhibit the biological action of OT by Magnus equipment. These data suggest that, the hypothesis that OT may play a primary role of initiation of labor, is necessary to be reevaluated. PMID- 7246070 TI - Endogenous peroxidase content in normal and neoplastic tissues derived from human female genital tract. PMID- 7246069 TI - [A study on the mechanism of production and secretion of HPL (author's transl)]. AB - Our preliminary data suggest that HPL was present in the largest quantity in chorionic villi of 16-18 weeks of pregnancy but the concentration of HPL in mother blood was maximum at 30-40 weeks of pregnancy. To clarify the discrepancy of term of those maximum values, the following experiments were done. The immuno precipitate caused by the reaction with anti-HPL serum in the crude extract from chorionic villi incubated with MEM medium containing [3H]-leucine was subjected to SDS gel electrophoresis. Three radioactive bands were observed. Their molecular weights were 22000, 29000 and 48000, native HPL is 22000 molecular weights and other heavier molecular weights protein are surmised pre- or pro-HPL. Native HPL was few in 30 min. incubated cases but increased in over night incubated cases. Other heavier molecular weights protein changed into native HPL with the lapse of time. The concentration of HPL in mother blood is surmised to reflect the production of two pro-HPL is syncytium cells, change into free HPL and furthermore their secretion. PMID- 7246067 TI - [Study on blood levels of oxytocin and neurophysins during labor and lactation (author's transl)]. AB - For the study on initiation of labor, a highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for oxytocin (OT) was developed. Investigations were performed on the blood levels of OT and neurophysins in women during labor, lactation as well as in umbilical vessels. The blood was assayed for OT and Estrogen Stimulated Neurophysin (ESN), Nicotine Stimulated Neurophysin (NSN) in each specific radioimmunoassay. The mean value of plasma OT levels of women without labor pains (5 minutes interval) ws 217.3 +/- 36.02 (pg/ml, Mean +/- S.E.) whereas the values at 28 to 40 weeks of gestation was much lower than those. At delivery the OT level in maternal plasma was 176.3 30.92 and 207.5 62.90 in the umbilical vein respectively. There was no statistical difference in the level of OT before and after lactation. ESN level was higher during lactation and NSN level showed the similar pattern. At delivery NSN concentration in the umbilical artery was higher than that in the vein. These data suggest that hypothalamo pituitary function correlate with labor and lactation. PMID- 7246068 TI - [Biosynthesis of steroids by human fetal kidney perfused in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - In the present experiments, human fetal kidneys obtained from two fetuses aborted at mid-term (gestational age 21 weeks) were perfused in vitro with labeled precursor including 14G-dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and 14C dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHA-S). Radioactive metabolites extracted after the termination of perfusion from the perfusate and the tissue were separated the free fraction by ether and conjugate fraction by n-butanol. Furthermore, recovery of the radioactivities were separated and purified by thin layer chromatography. Radiochemical purity of the metabolites were achieved by recrystallization to constant specific activity. When DHA was used as a precursor, in the perfusate, DHA-S, delta 5-Androstenediol, delta 5-Androstenetriol were identified as the metabolites derived from DHA, and they were successively recrystallized. But, when DHA-S was used as a precursor, the radioactive purity of the metabolite was not obtained. The result of this perfusion studies demonstrate a powerful activity of steroids sulfokinase and a slight activity of steroids 16 alpha hydroxylase, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in fetal kidney. PMID- 7246071 TI - Ovarian tumors in children and adolescents less than 20 years age. AB - Reports are made of the analytical results of 76 cases with ovarian neoplasma under 20 years of age who had been treated at the Kurume University Hospital from January 1952. The incidence of ovarian tumors was 5.5% in all age groups, and the youngest patient was 5 years of age, the mean age being 15 years. Histologically, these tumors comprised 48 cases (63%) of germ cell origin, showing characteristically of ovarian tumors occurring in childhood and adolescence. The total 76 cases included 40 of malignant tumors, which were subdivided into 13 of embryonal carcinoma, 12 of solid teratoma, 9 of dysgerminoma, 5 of simple carcinoma, and 1 case of granulosa cell tumor. In all the cases the clinical stage was important factor for prognosis, and the prognosis of embryonal carcinoma was poorest, with only 4 cases of survival out of 13 cases. But the prognosis of dysgerminoma was comparatively good, with 8 cases of survival out of 9 cases. It is worthy of note that this tumor was highly radiosensitive, since 3 out of 4 cases at stage III and stage IV had been surviving for over 5 years. PMID- 7246072 TI - The prognosis of multiple pregnancy assessed by ultrasonic tomography. PMID- 7246073 TI - Birth weight assessed by factor analysis. AB - To investigate the relevancy of birth weight, data on 300 term newborn infants were subjected to a reevaluation of 31 variables related to body measurements of both the mother and child and to the placenta. Factor analysis was introduced to analyze the data obtained. Each group was composed of multiple factor axes, of which factor structures were rather simple in Appropriate for Date (AFD) for approximating the practical images, compared to Heavy for Date (HFD) and Light for Date (LFD). In AFD, the birth weight was thought contributive by the limiting effect of the placenta, independently of the measurements of the mother. We found that the birth weight in itself seems to have a different meaning in each group, and it is difficult to readily categorize the findings on the table of equivalent parameters for labelling of the newborn. PMID- 7246074 TI - Cleavage rate and morphology of early human embryos obtained after artificial fertilization and culture. AB - Ovarian follicles were aspirated at midcycle from 193 women admitted to the hospital because of infertility or for legal sterilization. Eighteen women had not received prior hormone stimulation and 175 had been stimulated either with Clomiphene citrate and hCG with hCG alone. Preovulatory oocytes could not be obtained from any of the women in the non-stimulated group, but were obtained from 86 (49%) in the stimulated group. Of these 86, oocytes from 63 women were cultured successfully and from 47 (75%) cleavage occurred. The most advanced stages observed were about 10-cell embryos, but no attempts were made to culture them further. Almost all the oocytes which cleaved were obtained from women in whom the progesterone level started to rise from the basal level within 24 hours of the operation. Eight cleaved oocytes were taken for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Early cleavage stages showed spheroidal mitochondria with a few peripheral cristae, while the number of elongated mitochondria with transverse cristae increased in later stages. Mitochondria-vesicle complexes, consisting of a vesicle filled with a dense substance and surrounded by 5-15 mitochondria, were observed in early (but not in more advanced) embryos. The complex is probably part of a transport system from the nucleus to the mitochondria. In the later stages, a type of granulated vesicle appeared. Thus, some changes occurred in tact with the degree of development, while no differences could be seen between oocytes with differing cleavage rates. PMID- 7246075 TI - Persistance of ampicillin in the intrauterine content following single and multiple doses to pregnant women. AB - Cord plasma, and amniotic fluid (AF), as well as maternal plasma from women who had been given ampicillin in single or multiple doses prior to delivery were assayed for levels of the antibiotic. If medication had been discontinued two days prior to delivery or less, ampicillin could still be demonstrated in AF, where it remained demonstrable longer than in cord plasma. Ampicillin, when given during pregnancy, crosses the placenta, enters the fetal circulation, and is excreted by the fetal kidneys into the AF. The results of the present study indicate that as medication is continued, the level of ampicillin in AF rises through continuous renal excretion by the fetus. Once medication is discontinued, ampicillin is slowly cleared from the AF mainly through absorption from AF to fetal circulation and further passage to maternal circulation. PMID- 7246076 TI - Screening of endometrial carcinoma by jet wash and endouterine aspiration cytology. AB - The results obtained from the use of a new instrument designed to simplify endometrial aspiration were compared to those obtained by Gravlee Jet Wash. The observed difference in accuracy in the diagnosis of endometrial neoplasia between Jet Wash (95 per cent) and endouterine aspiration (91 per cent) is discussed. It is concluded that endometrial cytology by either method is a valuable complement to the Panpanicolaou smear in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. The new endouterine aspiration instrument is recommended because of its greater simplicity. PMID- 7246077 TI - Severe contracted pelvis appearing after normal deliveries. AB - Three cases of contracted pelvis in Bedouin women, appearing after two and three previous normal vaginal deliveries, are presented. In these three cases cesarean section had to be performed to deliver the babies. A roentgenray screening revealed osteomalacic pelves in all cases with typical psuedo-fractures (Milkman) and Looser zones. Pelvic deformities of the osteomalacic type are considered rare medical curiosities, and elective cesarean section is usually indicated. It has been found that Bedouins consume large quantities of "raghif", an unleavened bread with high content of phytic acid, very similar to Indian "chapati". Phytic acid impairs the absorption of calcium from the intestine by the precipitation of an amorphous calcium phytate and causes probably some interference with the action of vitamin D. Withdrawal of this alimentation improves the illness. There is emphasis on the fact that vaginal delivery is not granted from a pelvic point of view for multiparous women who have delivered normally in the past. Bedouin women constitute a rather important fraction of the obstetric population admitted to our hospital, the only one in the Negev area. Almost 15 per cent of the deliveries in our Obstetrics Department belong to Bedouin women. The sudden appearance of three consecutive cases of contracted pelvis in which we had to perform ceasarean section on women who had previously delivered vaginally at least twice, produced this investigation, whose interesting results we describe herewith. PMID- 7246078 TI - Jejuno-ileal bypass surgery in obesity. Gynecological and obstetrical aspects. AB - Changes in the quality of life were demonstrated in 38 young women who had undergone intestinal bypass surgery for obesity. After the operation about half the women complained of decreased libido or sexual activity, apparently due to psychological problems related to the development of asthenia secondary to metabolic disturbances. Bypass surgery resulted in a more regular pattern of menstruation but oral contraception was ineffective because of impaired intestinal absorption, perhaps due to a rapid transit time. No absolute contraindication to pregnancy was found but there are many risk-factors for both mother and fetus because of electrolyte disturbances, malnutrition and vitamin deficiency. Infants born to women after bypass surgery were found to have lower birth weights, were shorter, and the placental weight was low. It is necessary for these patients to have close medical supervision. The results of our study show that intestinal bypass surgery in young women has side effects which should not be ignored. PMID- 7246079 TI - Effect of instrumental delivery on the frequency and severity of retinal hemorrhages in the newborn. AB - The frequency and severity of retinal hemorrhages were studied in 200 newborns within the first 72 hours of life. One hundred of the neonates were delivered instrumentally by either forceps (49 cases) or vacuum extraction (51 cases). Another hundred neonates were delivered spontaneously and served as controls. Both the highest and the lowest frequency of retinal hemorrhages were found among the babies delivered by instrumentation. The actual values were 50 per cent in the vacuum groups and only 16 per cent in the forceps group (p less than 0.01). The spontaneously delivered babies, who served as controls, showed retinal hemorrhages in 41 per cent of the cases. The frequency of severe retinal hemorrhages was five times higher in the vacuum group compared to both the forceps group and the control group (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.001). PMID- 7246080 TI - Iron prophylaxis in menorrhagia. AB - Heavy menstrual bleedings frequently lead to iron deficiency. Iron supplementation is usually given to cover the increased losses. In the present study one tablet containing 100 mg of iron (Duroferon R, Durules R) was given daily for 10 days in connection with the menstrual period in 15 women with menorrhagia. The tablets contained 59 Felabelled FeSO4 and the total absorption was measured in a whole-body counter. The mean menstrual blood loss was 117 ml (range 46-259 ml), corresponding to 53 mg of iron (range 21-117 mg). The mean absorption was 81 mg (range 49-145 mg). Individually, 14 of 15 subjects absorbed more iron from the tablets than was lost by the menstrual bleedings. Thus, the iron prophylaxis as applied in the present study seems to be sufficient in most women with menorrhagia. PMID- 7246081 TI - Serum levels of the "pregnancy-zone protein" during short-term prenatal dexamethasone therapy. AB - The serum concentrations of the "Pregnancy Zone Protein" (PZP) was followed in 5 patients treated with dexamethasone (12 mg per day for 1 week) in the third trimester of pregnancy. The serum concentration of PZP was found to decrease significantly to an average of 58 per cent of the pretreatment levels. The simultaneous change in serum estriol levels during treatment and other factors of possible importance for the serum concentration of PZP are discussed. PMID- 7246082 TI - Term breech delivery. Early and late complications. AB - Three hundred and sixty-six consecutive singleton breech presentations were analyzed for clinical factors associated with fetal complications related to vaginal delivery, and for the impact of different cesarean section rates on the incidence of fetal complications. The condition at birth of the vaginally delivered (243 cases) infants was found to correlate with maternal pre-pregnancy weight, and size of the fetal head. During the period of study the cesarean section rate changed from approximately 20 per cent of term breech presentations at the beginning to almost 50 per cent at its end. This was accompanied by a decrease in the traumatic morbidity. However, at follow-up only a small minority of those registered were found to be significantly affected. The fetal asphyxia rate was not influenced by the increased cesarean section rate. At follow-up one of 33 infants born asphyxiated showed late psychomotor development. PMID- 7246083 TI - Urinary bile acids in women treated with contraceptive steroids. A study using computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - Twenty-five different bile acids were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in 24 hour urine specimens before and during treatment with a commercial contraceptive drug. Neither excretion pattern nor individual amounts of bile acids showed any change during treatment of 4 healthy women. One woman with a history of recurrent cholestasis of pregnancy showed a slight increase in the levels of S-ALAT and total amount of urinary bile acids one day before she stopped taking the pill because of generalized itching. Another patient had a normal pattern of urinary bile acids after one year with a daily intake of 10 mg of estradiol valerate. PMID- 7246084 TI - Smoking in pregnancy. Effects on the birth weight and on thiocyanate concentration in mother and baby. AB - The connection between maternal smoking during pregnancy and a lower birth weight in the baby is confirmed. The maternal blood thiocyanate level, as measured post partum, was found to be higher in smokers than in non-smokers. A significant negative correlation was found between the maternal thiocyanate level and the birth weight. A significant association was found between the thiocyanate levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood. A similar correlation was found between the umbilical cord blood and the amniotic fluid thiocyanate concentrations. PMID- 7246085 TI - Early prediction of individual serum total estriol curves in pregnancy. AB - Investigating 60 individual serum total estriol (S-E3) courses from normal pregnancies, we found individual S-E3 courses parallel with the general mean, but with half the standard deviation. Thus one can predict the individual S-E3 course, which may function as a reference for every S-E3 estimation later on. A S E3 decrease of more than 33 per cent from the individual mean is statistically significant at the 2.5 per cent level. PMID- 7246087 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Localization of the primary tumor and lymph node metastases. AB - A total of 154 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva stages II, III and IV treated with radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy, of whom 72 also underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy, have been followed-up for 3-21 years. Metastases from unilateral tumors were found in the lymph nodes on the same side. No other significant relationship between the localization of the primary tumor and lymph node mestastases was found. Pelvic lymphadenectomy seemed not to influence the prognosis. PMID- 7246086 TI - Estrogen regimen of women with endometrial carcinoma. A retrospective case control study at Radiumhemmet. AB - In order to detect a possible association between exogeneous estrogens and endometrial cancer under Swedish circumstances, the previous use of estrogens among 622 cases of endometrial cancer 1974-77 has been compared with that of the average female population, represented by a randomly selected sample of 1 866 contemporaries to the cancer cases. Among women aged 50-69 years, 6-36 months of use of 'natural' and/or to a much lesser extent 'synthetic' estrogens was equally common in the two groups. However, starting in 1976, 3-6 years of use became increasingly more common among cancer cases. Taking 1974-77 together, cancer cases had been on such a long-term regimen more than 5 times as commonly as controls. Additional progestagen treatment was equally rare in the two groups. Tumors of estrogen users were of a significantly lower grade than those of non users of the same age. While it cannot be concluded at this stage that estrogens are cocarcinogenic, the evident possibility motivates a somewhat cautious, restrictive approach to prescription. Progestagens could be added sequentially, though it is not yet verified that they abolish the association between endometrial cancer and estrogens that is now recognized by many investigators. PMID- 7246089 TI - Amniotic fluid cortisol and maternal serum cortisol. PMID- 7246088 TI - Pregnancy in heterotopic fallopian tube and unilateral ovarian hyperstimulation. AB - A rare genital anomaly is described, consisting of a right hemiuterus with a rudimentary horn and a remotely located left fallopian tube, totally disconnected from the pelvic genitalia, and ruptured by an ectopic pregnancy. An associated finding was a unilateral hyperstimulated ovary (post HMG-HCG therapy), confined to an accessory ovary on the left. The case is presented in detail, and the unusual anatomical and functional features are discussed. PMID- 7246090 TI - High hemoglobin levels and fetal risk during pregnancy. PMID- 7246091 TI - The development of a two-dimensional stress-optical model of the os coxae. AB - On the basis of a previous analysis of the internal stress pattern of the os coxae two types of two-dimensional models for stress-optical analysis are developed and the experimental set-up and procedure are described. The models may be used in an analysis of the principal stress pattern changes following the insertion of various types of hip prostheses. PMID- 7246094 TI - The effect of pneumatic tourniquets on skeletal muscle physiology. AB - The effect of 3- and 5-hour pneumatic tourniquets on skeletal muscle physiology was investigated. Maximum isometric tension development, contraction and half relaxation times were measured in the muscles lying immediately under and distal to the tourniquet. On release of the tourniquet no consistent difference between control and experimental muscles was observed with respect to contraction and half relaxation times; however, there was a marked reduction in maximum isometric tension development. On the sixth day after release of a 5-hour tourniquet, isometric tension was reduced to 2--20 per cent of the control value in the distal muscle and to 40--60 per cent of the control value in the compressed muscle. Six days after a 3-hour tourniquet the compressed muscle tension was reduced to approximately 80 per cent of the control value whilst in the distal muscle, tension development varied from normal to 64 per cent of the control value. Thus it is shown that the effect on muscle contraction after a 3-hour tourniquet is not immediately reversed by the restoration of the blood supply. A reduction in muscle strength follows which may take a week or more to recover. PMID- 7246092 TI - Osteogenic phenomena across endosteal bone-implant spaces with porous surfaced intramedullary implants. AB - Porous surfaced femoral components of hip prostheses stabilized by tissue ingrowth are often situated a certain distance away from the endosteal cortex in the diaphysis. The purpose of this study was to examine the significance of this space between an implant and the cortex on bone growth into the porous surface of the implant. Intramedullary rods of different diameters with porous surface regions made of powder metal were inserted into the femurs of adult beagles. The rods had outside diameters of 2.5, 3.2, 4.5, and 5.5 millimeters; this variation produced endosteal bone-implant surface spaces ranging from 0 to 4 millimeters. The animals were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Histological sections revealed that by 12 weeks the implants became generally surrounded by a thin shell of spongy bone which was joined to the endosteal cortex by bony trabeculae. This feature was most prominent for implants which were approximately 2 millimeters or less from the endosteum. Denser, more haversian-like bone developed up to and within those areas of implants which were in contact with the cortex. The development of this intramedullary type of bone could significantly contribute to the fixation strength of clinical porous surfaced prostheses whose stems do not completely fill the medulla. PMID- 7246093 TI - Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. AB - A total of 2895 threaded, cylindrical titanium implants have been inserted into the mandible or the maxilla and 124 similar implants have been installed in the tibial, temporal or iliac bones in man for various bone restorative procedures. The titanium screws were implanted without the use of cement, using a meticulous technique aiming at osseointegration--a direct contact between living bone and implant. Thirty-eight stable and integrated screws were removed for various reasons from 18 patients. The interface zone between bone and implant was investigated using X-rays, SEM, TEM and histology. The SEM study showed a very close spatial relationship between titanium and bone. The pattern of the anchorage of collagen filaments to titanium appeared to be similar to that of Sharpey's fibres to bone. No wear products were seen in the bone or soft tissues in spite of implant loading times up to 90 months. The soft tissues were also closely adhered to the titanium implant, thereby forming a biological seal, preventing microorganism infiltration along the implant. The implants in many cases had been allowed to permanently penetrate the gingiva and skin. This caused no adverse tissue effects. An intact bone-implant interface was analyzed by TEM, revealing a direct bone-to-implant interface contact also at the electron microscopic level, thereby suggesting the possibility of a direct chemical bonding between bone and titanium. It is concluded that the technique of osseointegration is a reliable type of cement-free bone anchorage for permanent prosthetic tissue substitutes. At present, this technique is being tried in clinical joint reconstruction. In order to achieve and to maintain such a direct contact between living bone and implant, threaded, unalloyed titanium screws of defined finish and geometry were inserted using a delicate surgical technique and were allowed to heal in situ, without loading, for a period of at least 3--4 months. PMID- 7246096 TI - Sacral rhizotomy in cases of ano-coccygeal pain. A follow-up of 24 cases. AB - The long-term effect of sacral rhizotomy in 24 patients with coccygodynia was evaluated. Prior to section of both the S-4 and S-5 roots all patients had coccygeal pain and tenderness which had not responded to severe conservative and surgical therapeutic measures. In 8 patients the coccalgia (S-4 S-5 pain) was associated with unilateral pain in the S-3 area, in another 8 patients it was associated with disabling lumbago and in the remaining group of 8 patients coccalgia occurred without pain in neighbouring areas. Only 6 patients responded well to sacral rhizotomy. All these patients belonged to the final group of 8 patients with pain distribution limited to the S-4 S-5 area. Serious complications occurred after 6 of the 24 rhizotomies. Five of these patients belonged to the two groups who besides coccalgia also had disabling lumbago or signs of rhizopathy about the S-4 level. A restrictive attitude to sacral rhizotomy in coccalgia is recommended especially when it is associated with pain in neighbouring areas and also if there is any reason to believe that there are factors present predisposing to the development of arachnoiditis. PMID- 7246095 TI - The length and proportions of the thoracolumbar spine in children with idiopathic scoliosis. AB - The length of the thoracolumbar spine was measured on standardized X-ray films from 274 children (6 1/2--18 1/2 years) with idiopathic scoliosis and 212 controls. Where possible, the height and width (traverse diameter) of two vertebral bodies (T-6 and L-4) were also measured. Although a tendency towards longer spines in the scoliotics could be found, there was no significant difference between children with idiopathic scoliosis and controls in this respect. In girls the pubertal growth-spurt of the spine was found to start about 1 year earlier than in the controls and the growth of the spine seemed to cease later in the scoliotics. The height and width of T-6 was significantly greater in the scoliotics than in the controls for girls under 13 years of age. In the older girls and in the boys no significant difference could be demonstrated. The height of L-4 tended to be greater in the scoliotic boys and younger girls, though the differences were not statistically significant. The index height/width was calculated for T-6 and L-4 in all groups of patients and higher values could be demonstrated in the scoliotics for all test groups. The greatest height of T-6 in scoliotics might indicate a longer thoracic spine in these children. The higher values of the height/width indices suggest that the thoracolumbar spine in children with idiopathic scoliosis has an increased slenderness compared with the spine in non-scoliotic children. PMID- 7246097 TI - Observation hip. AB - "Observation Hip" is a provisional diagnosis. Although transient arthritis is the most frequent pathology, it is important to establish a diagnostic routine to consider the various types of hip pathology. Physical examination and clinical evolution are the most important factors in making a specific diagnosis. PMID- 7246098 TI - Blood loss and operation time in the Charnley low friction arthroplasty. AB - Review of 181 patients undergoing 194 Charnley low friction arthroplasties has shown that the average time taken for primary surgery was 65 minutes. The operative blood loss was 192 ml and postoperative drainage 437 ml. In conversion from failed hip surgery the blood loss was 260 ml at operation with an average drainage of 610 ml. The operative time was 87 minutes on average. Revision of failed hip replacement was carried out in an average time of 101 minutes. Average operative blood loss was 510 ml and postoperative drainage 680 ml. The findings show that criticism suggesting that detachment of the greater trochanter during total hip replacement increases operative time and blood loss is unfounded. PMID- 7246099 TI - Aseptic loosening of cemented total arthroplasties of the hip in relation to positioning of the prosthesis. New utilization of the Tschuprow-Cramer statistical test. AB - A statistical study of 1200 McKee-Farrar cemented total prostheses of the hip demonstrated the importance of a horizontal position of the cup and a valgus position of the prosthetic stem, in avoiding aseptic loosening of the prosthetic parts. A new test (the Cramer test) showed that a statistical bond exists between the position of the prosthesis and the occurrence of aseptic loosening. PMID- 7246100 TI - Replacement of the femoral head by ceramic endoprosthesis. An experimental study on rabbits. AB - In 31 rabbits the femoral head was replaced by a ceramic endoprosthesis. For 11 of the experimental animals the endoprostheses were made by the Arabia China Factory in Helsinki, and for 20 by Staatliche Porzellan Manufaktur in Berlin. The operation was performed under fully sterile conditions and the follow-up time was between 6 and 34 weeks. The hip joint was examined clinically, roentgenologically, macroscopically and histologically. The bending tolerance of the ceramic endoprosthesis was not adequate. Mechanical loosening of the proximal part of the prosthesis occurred in 68 per cent and was combined with fracture of the prosthetic stem. This created a pseudarthrosis-like reaction in the acetabular area and limited the movement of the hip joint. The distal fragment of the stem was always surrounded by a thin layer of dense bone. In the nonfractured cases (32 per cent), however, the reaction was only moderate and the movement of the hip joint was well preserved. The tissue reactions to the ceramic material were slight, but the great number of secondary reactions following stem fractures make the use of the ceramic endoprosthesis questionable in experiments with rabbits. PMID- 7246101 TI - Primary osteoarthritis of the hip. Interrelationship between intraosseous pressure, X-ray changes, clinical severity and bone density. AB - The intraosseous pressure of the femoral head and greater trochanter was measured during 146 Charnley hip replacement operations. In 108 hips with primary osteoarthritis the pressure in the femoral head averaged 49.6 and in the greater trochanter 31.6 mmHg. The pressures in the greater trochanter were significantly lower than those in the femoral head. There was no sex difference, and the pressures were independent of age. The intraosseous pressure in the femoral head varied appreciably with a dispersion which did not significantly differ from the normal distribution. There was a faintly positive correlation between the mean blood pressure and the intraosseous pressure. No relationship was found between the pressure in the femoral head and the radiological severity of the osteoarthritis or between the intraosseous pressure and the duration of symptoms, severity of rest pain, walking ability, range of motion or degree of bone density at the site of measurement. The haemodynamic conditions in bone depend upon blood flow and resistance. Variations in these two factors determine the actual intraosseous pressure. As a consequence intraosseous pressure measurement as the only evaluation of the haemodynamic conditions is of limited value. The vascular factor in osteoarthritis needs further clarification. PMID- 7246103 TI - Bilateral non-contemporary fractures of the proximal femur. AB - Ninety-seven bilateral non-contemporary fractures of the upper end of the femur were analysed retrospectively. They were collected from among a total of 1333 fractures treated in a 5-year period in two clinics, one in Athens and one in Geneva. The incidence of bilateral non-contemporary fractures was about 7.5 per cent of the total. The interval between the two fractures was shorter in males than in females, but a preponderance of females with bilateral fractures was evident. There was a significantly higher percentage of symmetrical fractures in the bilateral groups (70 per cent). No difference in the age, habits and general condition was found between the control (unilateral) and the bilateral fracture groups. PMID- 7246102 TI - Complications following osteotomy of the greater trochanter in total hip replacement arthroplasty using the lateral approach. AB - In a consecutive series of 365 hip replacement arthroplasties ad modum Charnley in 309 patients migration of the trochanteric fragment was encountered in 4.9 per cent of the cases. The predisposing factors were wire-breakage, trochanteric fractures and excessive weight. Men were more apt than women to develop migration. Early mobilization with weight-bearing on the operated leg did not increase the risk of migration. The migration rarely gave rise to complaints, and if so only mild ones. Trochanteric union did not pose problems, and at the end of 2 years 98 per cent had united. After 5 years no case of non-union was detected. PMID- 7246104 TI - Resurfacing of depression fractures of the lateral tibial condyle. A report of five cases. AB - Five patients with fractures of the lateral tibial condyle were treated operatively by resurfacing of the lateral tibial plateau by means of a Marmor polyethylene tibial prosthesis. The indications were persistent pain and valgus deformity. In four patients, in whom the cartilage of the lateral femoral condyle was normal at the time of operation, the results were excellent. One patient with osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration of the femoral condyle was not improved by the operation. PMID- 7246105 TI - Arthroscopy of the patello-femoral joint. PMID- 7246106 TI - Periacetabular pressure recording, using a hip simulator. PMID- 7246107 TI - Forces transmitted by the finger and thumb joints. PMID- 7246108 TI - Metacarpophalangeal joint. A biomechanic approach. PMID- 7246109 TI - Stress analyses of implanted orthopaedic joint prostheses for optimal design and fixation. PMID- 7246110 TI - Analytical considerations of the mechanical stem-femur coupling. PMID- 7246111 TI - Cortical bone changes after hip replacement : radiographic study. PMID- 7246112 TI - Comparative biomechanical examinations of conventional implants and of hip joint implant without cement fixation. PMID- 7246114 TI - Design of a knee prosthesis system. PMID- 7246113 TI - Exact knowledge of knee motion kinematics as a basis for well-designed knee prostheses : the instant axis concept. PMID- 7246115 TI - Deformations of a human tibia with an implanted hinged knee prosthesis. PMID- 7246116 TI - Medullary nailing of femoral shafts study of stability. PMID- 7246117 TI - Torque stability of medullary nailing of the femur. Experimental study. PMID- 7246120 TI - Mechanical analysis of inter- and subtrochanteric fractures of the femur. PMID- 7246119 TI - Stripping of the bone screws at insertion. The relation of torque and angular displacement in predicting admissible torque values. PMID- 7246118 TI - Effects of application of metal plates to bone. Comparison of a rigid with a flexible plate. PMID- 7246121 TI - Biomechanical study of dorsolumbar spine osteosynthesis with reversed Harrington rods and hooks and Roy-Camille plates. PMID- 7246122 TI - WHO collaborative breast feeding study. II. Levels of lead and cadmium in Swedish human milk, 1978-1979. AB - Individual samples of human milk collected in Uppsala at 3 months post partum (18 samples) and 6 months post partum (23 samples) from 21-35-year-old healthy mothers were analysed for lead and cadmium by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. The median lead content in the 41 samples was 2 microgram/kg fresh weight (range 0.5-9.0 microgram/kg), and the median cadmium level was 0.1 microgram/kg. There were no appreciable differences between the 3-month and 6 month samples as regards lead or cadmium levels. The calculated median weekly intakes of lead and cadmium by the 3-month-old infants (who received nothing else except breast milk) were approx. 2 microgram and 0.1 microgram/kg body-weight, respectively. There is no reason to believe that these low intakes of lead and cadmium constitute any risk to the health of the child. The intake of these metals by the breast-fed infant is likely to be the same as or somewhat lower than that of infants fed human milk substitutes and certainly less than that of children fed cereal-based infant foods. PMID- 7246124 TI - The effect of dietary gamma-tocopherol on serum tocopherols in formulated infants. AB - The levels of alpha-, beta- and gamma-tocopherol were determined in two formulas (Nutramigen and Soja-semp) and in 20 infants fed either of these formulas. The gamma-tocopherol concentration in Nutramigen was 22.8 +/- 1.9 mumol/l; and that in Soja-semp 3.7 +/- 0.5 mumol/l. This difference was reflected in the serum tocopherols of the infants, since in the 10 infants fed Nutramigen, gamma tocopherol accounted for 16.7 +/- 7.9% of the total tocopherols compared to 4.2 +/- 1.8% in the 10 infants fed Soja-semp. The study shows that gamma-tocopherol accumulates in the serum of infants fed large amounts of it. The serum gamma tocopherol level should therefore be taken into account, when estimating the vitamin E status in humans, especially when the intake of gamma-tocopherol is high. PMID- 7246123 TI - Passage of cephalosporins and amoxicillin into the breast milk. AB - The concentrations of five cephalosporins and amoxicillin in breast milk were studied in 42 voluntarily participating lactating mothers using standard assay methods. Each mother received one single dose of 1 g of either an orally or intravenously administered antibiotic. Amoxicillin, cephalexin, and cefadroxil were given orally, and peak milk concentrations averaged 0.81 +/- 0.33 microgram/ml at 5 hours, 0.50 +/- 0.23 microgram/ml at 4 hours, and 1.64 +/- 0.73 microgram/ml at 6 hours, respectively. Cephalothin, cephapirin and cefotaxime were given as an i.v. bolus injection, and peak milk concentrations at 2 hours averaged 0.47 +/- 0.14 microgram/ml, 0.43 +/- 0.16 microgram/ml and 0.32 +/- 0.09 microgram/ml, respectively. The high concentrations of cefadroxil can be explained by its low rate of elimination and higher fat solubility. Milk/serum ratios for all antibiotics were increasing as serum concentrations were diminishing, especially with cephalothin and cephapirin whose serum concentrations are rapidly declining. The significance of bactericidal concentrations in breast milk remains to be evaluated. PMID- 7246125 TI - On the renal tubular damage in hereditary tyrosinemia and on the formation of succinylacetoacetate and succinylacetone. AB - Phenylalanine and homogentisate increase the concentration of succinylacetoacetate and succinylacetone both in serum and urine in patients with hereditary tyrosinemia and therefore increase the excretion of 5-aminolevulinate. Both phenylalanine and homogentisate cause a tubular proteinuria which is in agreement with our hypothesis that their metabolites maleylacetoacetate and fumarylacetoacetate are the toxic compounds in hereditary tyrosinemia. The patient with the highest excretion of succinylacetoacetate and succinylacetone has the slightest tubular proteinuria whereas the one with the lowest excretion of these compounds has the more pronounced tubular proteinuria. It is suggested that this is caused by a difference in the ability to reduce the presumed toxic compounds fumarylacetoacetate and maleylacetoacetate, i.e. the precursors of succinylacetoacetate. PMID- 7246126 TI - Personality changes and social adjustment during the first three years of diabetes in children. AB - Two groups of 64 diabetic and 30 carefully selected and matched non-diabetic control children 4-17 years old were studied with regard to psychological and social adaptation. Four sets of psycho-social methods were used: (a) psychiatric assessment of the mental state, (b) evaluation of the social situation, (c) measurement of the intellectual capacity, and (d) a Rorschach test. A base-line study was done within 5 months after the onset of diabetes and a follow-up 3 years later with the same methods. The mental state was assessed with regard to 18 variables, and the Rorschach test utilized 12 variables. There were no significance differences as to mental state between diabetics and non-diabetics neither at base-line nor at follow-up. Within each group, however, the diabetics showed an increase with regard to symptoms of aggression while the non-diabetics showed a decrease in such symptoms. Diabetics with high or low glucosuria levels did not differ in this respect. When summarizing mental deviations from average in the two groups the diabetics showed more deviations both at base-line and at follow-up, and a tendency towards higher degrees of mental activity, emotional ability and social contact. In the Rorschach test the diabetics showed a higher level of anxiety concerning their own health than the non-diabetics, but there was a decrease in this variable over the 3-year period. However, in an attempt to summarize the degree of mental disturbance, as estimated in the Rorschach test, no significant differences were found between diabetics and non-diabetics. Nor were any significant differences found between the groups with regard to social problems or intellectual capacity. It is concluded that the few abnormal patterns of raction that were observed may well be explained by the traumatic experience of the onset of a serious chronic disorder such as diabetes, and that a relatively strict care given to diabetic children does not seem to disturb their own or their parents' coping ability or psycho-social adjustment. The strictness might even have a supportive effect. PMID- 7246127 TI - Incidence, age at onset and seasonal variation of diabetes mellitus in Norwegian children, 1973-1977. AB - A retrospective study was undertaken to estimate the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Norwegian children. Data were collected from all hospitals in the country and from a central insurance register. Eight hundred and forty-five new cases in the age group 0-14 years and with onset in the five-year study period 1973-1977 were detected. The calculated mean annual incidence was 17.6 per 100 000 children, with a year-to-year variation of 15.4-19.3 per 100 000. The geographic variation in incidence was considerable with the lowest rate in the North (6.8/100 000/year) and the highest rates in the South-Eastern part of the country (approx. 20/100 000/year). There was a significantly higher incidence for boys (18.8/100 000/year) than for girls (16.4/100 000/year). The age variation in the incidence rates showed rising values towards a peak at 12 years for girls and a plateau at 12-14 years for boys, with an abrupt decline after 12 and 14 years, respectively. There were more cases with onset in the winter and autumn, with significant peaks in February and October. From these data the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the age group 0-14 years can be calculated to 1.2 per 1 000 children. In the whole of Norway, about 170 new cases of diabetes mellitus below the age of 15 years can be expected every year. Compared with previous studies, the present data suggest an increasing incidence of childhood diabetes in Norway. PMID- 7246129 TI - The incidence of coeliac disease in children in south-east Sweden. AB - Among children born between 1969 and 1977 in two areas of south-east Sweden an initial flat small intestinal mucosa was found in 84 cases, 64 of whom were considered to have coeliac disease (CD) diagnosed mostly according to the criteria formulated by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. The incidence of CD was 1/859, which is in agreement with that of a recent report from south Sweden. This suggests that the incidence of CD is the same in the whole of Sweden. In the present study all patients with an initial flat mucosa improved clinically and histologically after 1 year or more on a gluten-free diet. When challenged with gluten, 19% did not relapse within 2 years, thus fulfilling the criteria for so-called transient gluten intolerance. These patients had a lower mean age of symptom debut and for first biopsy, compared with the patients with CD. PMID- 7246130 TI - Transient gastro-intestinal disorders during infancy and early childhood. A follow-up study with special reference to coeliac disease. AB - In a reappraisal study of coeliac disease (CD) 38 children and adolescents were studied: 20 (group A) had a previous diagnosis of CD from early childhood but had been lost to follow-up, 18 (group B) had in infancy or early childhood been hospitalized for more than 1 month for different gastro-intestinal symptoms without receiving a diagnosis of CD. In the present study the patients had a clinical examination and Hb, serum IgA and folate were analysed. These investigations did not prove helpful in selecting coeliac cases. Intestinal biopsy revealed CD in 8 patients in group A and in 6 patients in group B. Thus the frequency of CD was almost the same in the two groups. All 14 patients with CD had very few complaints, when a careful medical history was taken before biopsy. The present study shows the importance of performing intestinal biopsy on liberal indications on patients with an infancy or early childhood history of malabsorption-related symptoms. Among these patients many coeliacs are likely to be found. PMID- 7246131 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of nephropathic cystinosis. Pregnancy at risk ascertained through heterozygote diagnosis of parents. AB - The biochemical diagnosis of cystinosis in a deceased girl was made indirectly through the demonstration of heterozygote values of free-cystine contents in leukocytes from both parents. Amniocentesis was performed on the mother in the 16th week of two subsequent pregnancies. Amniotic fluid cell lysate from the first fetus had 6-8 times normal levels of radioactivity in the cystine band determined by a 35S-cystine pulse labeling method followed by high voltage electrophoresis on paper. Values for the cystine contents in various organs of the affected fetus are given. The second fetus was found to be not affected, and this was subsequently confirmed by the birth of a healthy child. The results of the laboratory analyses in these two cases were available to the parents 21 and 23 days following amniocentesis, respectively. The interruption of the first pregnancy was performed in the 19th week. This was 4 and 6 weeks earlier, respectively, than in the two previously reported induced abortions of affected fetuses, and should increase the acceptability of the present method for prenatal diagnosis of nephrophatic cystinosis. PMID- 7246128 TI - Phenytoin and IgA concentrations in plasma and saliva in epileptic children. AB - The concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and phenytoin were determined in 36 epileptic children with a mean age of 11 years. There was a good correlation between the plasma and saliva concentrations of phenytoin (r = 0.94). The concentration of phenytoin and IgA showed little variation during the dosage interval. The phenytoin treated children did not differ with respect to the concentrations of IgA in saliva in comparison to the controls. PMID- 7246133 TI - The relationship between serum bilirubin and reserve albumin for binding of bilirubin during phototherapy of preterm infants. AB - Thirty-four preterm newborn infants suffering from uncomplicated hyperbilirubinaemia were studied. The infants received ordinary phototherapy continuously during 48 hours. The serum unconjugated bilirubin concentration decreased significantly during the treatment, and a significant correlation between the changes in the serum bilirubin concentration and the changes in the serum reserve albumin concentration for binding of bilirubin measured by the [14C]MADDS method was found. The regression coefficients were -0.50 and -0.48 after 24 and 48 hours of treatment, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy is reduced by phototherapy in preterm infants. PMID- 7246135 TI - Umbilical artery catheterization. PMID- 7246132 TI - Tubular proteinuria after perinatal hypoxia. AB - Urinary total protein (UTP) and urinary protein pattern have been studied in 23 newborn infants with Apgar scores less than or equal to 3 at one minute or acidosis (pH less than or equal to 7.15) on the first day. On the first and second day UTP excretion was increased in 13 out of 18 patients. At this time the excretion of low molecular weight microproteins (T-4 and T-5) was elevated in 12 patients without increased plasma urea concentration in any case. The increased excretion of the smallest microproteins T-4/T-5 is an early sign of an impaired tubular function. PMID- 7246134 TI - Effect of phototherapy on erythrocyte membrane proteins of full-term and premature human newborn infants. AB - Erythrocyte membrane proteins of premature and full-term newborn infants were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis before and after phototherapy for about 21 hours at the irradiation energy of 7.3 x 10(3) erg/cm2/sec. There were no qualitative and quantitative differences in the pattern of membrane proteins before and after phototherapy in these infants. PMID- 7246136 TI - Sodium in diet and milk of breastfeeding women. PMID- 7246137 TI - Transient remission of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis after measles. AB - A 4-year-old Japanese girl with systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis had an attack of measles. On the day following the first signs of measles she became afebrile and free of joint pain even though aspirin therapy was discontinued. The remission lasted for 10 days. It appears that the measles virus infection may have been responsible for the brief remission in this patient. The observation of a remission of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis after measles is extremely rare. PMID- 7246139 TI - Legionnaires' disease combined with erythema multiforme in a 3-year-old boy. AB - A case of Legionnaires' disease (LD) is described in a 3-year-old boy. He had fulminant disease with typical signs like bilateral pneumonia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and somnolence indicating involvement of the central nervous system. There was no premorbidity. An outstanding development was erythema multiforme, which has never previously been described in LD. The basic disease was caused by Legionella pneumophila. This is evidenced by specific serum IgM at admission and a subsequent significant rise in titers against L. pneumophila. At an early stage respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was isolated from the patient's throat, although there was no antiviral serological response at the outset of erythema multiforme or 3 weeks after onset of disease; anti-RSV appeared later. The prolonged course of the disease can be explained by the successive occurrence of two infections. The possibility that the virus could have contributed to the development of erythema multiforme cannot be ruled out. The role of concomitant medication cannot be separated out, but on the basis of general knowledge of their immunogenicity and the fact that immunosuppressive cortisone was given at the time it is less likely that the antibiotics contributed significantly. PMID- 7246140 TI - Benign congenital erythropenia. AB - Normochromic anaemia was diagnosed in two brothers in early infancy. At the time of this report they were aged 10 (M.H.) and 12 (T.H.) years. A defect of the atrial septum was found in both patients. They had slight skeletal malformations. Their haemoglobin values have remained constantly at the level of about 100 g/l and the RBC count at about 3.5 x 10(12)/l. At repeated examinations, both the patients and their parents had low or borderline low erythrocyte enolase levels. Erythropoietin levels were normal and so were numerous other laboratory tests, including analysis for abnormal haemoglobins. The condition could represent a mild form of chronic congenital hypoplastic anaemia. PMID- 7246138 TI - Normal microbicidal function of monocytes in a girl with chronic granulomatous disease. AB - The history of a 13-year-old girl with a syndrome resembling Chronic Granulomatous Disease (C.G.D.) is described. Metabolic studies in granulocytes and monocytes classified the patient as having C.G.D. The granulocytes failed to kill Staphylococcus aureus and Candida Albicans; however, the killing of these microorganisms by the patient's monocytes was nearly normal. Family studies revealed no abnormalities in the phagocytic cells of the parents and the siblings. PMID- 7246141 TI - Goodpasture's syndrome in a child: natural history and effect of treatment. AB - An 8-year-old girl with microhematuria of recent onset developed a picture of pulmonary hemosiderosis in the space of 2 months. Some months later while pulmonary involvement was improving severe extracapillary glomerulonephritis developed. Circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody was detected and linear deposition of IgG along glomerular basement membrane was observed. A diagnosis of Goodpasture's syndrome was made and treatment was started with prednisone, cyclophosphamide and periodic plasmapheresis with complete progressive disappearance of circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody. After suspension of plasmapheresis despite immunosuppressive therapy and lack of evidence for circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody, the child went into terminal renal failure. The natural history of the disease in this case and the results of treatment are discussed. To our knowledge this is the first case of Goodpasture's syndrome reported in childhood with demonstration of the presence of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody. PMID- 7246142 TI - Hereditary neurologic disorders, characterized by ataxia. Immunological in vitro parameters and HLA. AB - Nineteen untreated patients with hereditary ataxia, hereditary spastic paraplegia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth's syndrome were investigated for immunological in vitro parameters (lymphocyte transformation with PHA, con A, PWM, antigens, determination of T- and B-lymphocytes and HLA-typing). When compared with normal controls, no significant deviation was found. PMID- 7246143 TI - Encephalitis induced in rabbits by staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid. AB - Rabbits were immunized with staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in Freund's adjuvant. After four injections (six weeks) the rabbits showed decreased activity and unsteadiness of the head. Two weeks after the sixth injection (ten weeks), two of five rabbits developed clinical signs of encephalitis with nystagmus, ataxia, general weakness, decreased activity, and dragging of the hind legs. The other three animals showed only mild symptoms. Neuropathological examination showed inflammatory infiltrates containing small lymphocytes and some plasma cells in the leptomeninges and within the perivascular spaces of the brain. PMID- 7246144 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in multiple sclerosis: variations in rosette tests using erythrocytes from different sheep. AB - Lymphocytes from 34 patients with active and with stable multiple sclerosis (MS) were examined by rosetting techniques. Patients with active disease had a relative lymphopenia (35 +/- 9%). When tested with erythrocytes (E) from one out of three sheep used, patients with active MS had a decrease in E-rosette forming cells (E-RFC) compared to patients with stable disease and with healthy controls. Other tests (active E-, EAET-, EA-, and EAC-RFC) did not disclose any differences between patients and controls. The results suggest that the origin of the E may be of importance in E-RFC tests. PMID- 7246145 TI - Effects of polycationic compounds on mitogen stimulation. AB - The effects of polycations added to phytomitogen stimulated human lymphocyte cultures have been studied. Within certain dose ranges all polycations tested gave rise to augmented thymidine uptake in mitogen stimulated cultures. The optimum enhancing concentrations of polycations was depending on the serum concentration in the culture medium. This was found to be due to two types of interactions: (a) Interference with mitogen binding serum factors, (b) Reaction with immunosuppressive serum proteins. Suggestive evidence for an affect of polycations also directly on the cells was found by pretreatment and cell density experiments. The direct effect on cells was found not to be due to monocyte bypass or to activation of non-T cells by the mitogen. It is pointed out that effect of chemicals on in vitro immunresponses have to be considered in relation to the charge properties of the compound. PMID- 7246146 TI - IgG and other proteins associated with human carcinomas and cancer-free tissue from the same organs. AB - Eluates of different were prepared at 56 degrees C using a continuous flow technique. More IgG and other serum proteins were found in liver from patients with non-malignant diseases than in liver tissue from healthy control individuals. Cancer-free liver tissue from patients with carcinomas was similar to that of patients with non-malignant diseases, but liver metastases contained twice the amount of IgG. No differences were found between non-perfused carcinomas of the kidney and cancer-free renal tissue, whereas more IgG was present in perfused carcinomas of the kidney than in cancer-free renal tissue. Most eluates of the malignant tissues and of the cancer-free renal tissue showed a reduced ratio of albumin IgG compared to that of serum or extracts, indicating a binding of IgG to antigens and/or receptors. PMID- 7246147 TI - Tissue reactivity of IgG eluted from human carcinomas. AB - Mixed haemagglutination with tissue sections was used to study the tissue reactivity of IgG eluted from human carcinomas. IgG eluted from 21 of 29 tumours, bound to the autologous tissue. The binding was mediated through the Fab-portion, and the bound IgG had an intact Fc-portion. Most eluted IgG bound to the autologous tissue, but binding was also seen to other carcinomas of the same type as well as to other types. In addition, the IgG bound to several cancer-free tissues. Accordingly, the eluates of the 21 tumours contained IgG with a broad tissue reactivity. The eluates of a) the remaining 8 tumours, b)normal tissue, and c) liver tissue from patients with non-malignant diseases, contained IgG which did not bind to any tissue. The IgG associated with these tissues was probably non-specifically bound or bound to receptors in vivo. PMID- 7246150 TI - [Molecular connectivity studies on quantitative structure-activity of drugs. I. Quantitative structure-activity relationships for the central nervous system depressant, 2-imidazolidinone derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246149 TI - [Synthesis of some compounds related to niridazole (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246148 TI - [The staircase nonisothermal accelerated test--a new method for stability prediction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246151 TI - [Studies on the structure of a new antitumor constituent--hainanensine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246152 TI - [A study on the chemical constituents of Ardisia japonica (Hornsted) Blume (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246153 TI - [Studies on the method of the analysis of sapogenin. III. Coulometric titration of diosgenin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246154 TI - [Pharmacognostical study on several Rauvolfia roots and their adulterants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246155 TI - [The chemical constituents of the Chinese drug "Yadanzi." I. Isolation and identification of daucosterol, brucein D and brucein E (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246156 TI - [Praziquantel treatment of clonorchiasis and paragonimiasis in experimental animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246158 TI - [Identification of cardiac glycosides from the seeds of Descurainia sophia L. Webb (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246159 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Qing-hao (Artemisia annua L.) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246157 TI - [Studies on antitumor constituents of Maytenus confertiflorus J. Y. Luo et X. X. Chen. I. Isolation and characterization of the constituents from the leaves (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246160 TI - [Studies on chemical constituents of dengzhanhua (Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz). I. The isolation and identification of pyromeconic acid and a new glucoside (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246162 TI - [Synthesis of isobombycol and its derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246161 TI - [Alkaloids of Aconitum finetianum Hand-Mazz I. Isolation and identification of alkaloids from Aconitum finetianum Hand-Mazz (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246165 TI - [Medicinal lichens in Qin Ling Mountain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246164 TI - [Antifertility effect of 17 beta-hydroxy-7 alpha-methylandrost-5-en-3-one and its hormonal activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246166 TI - [A pharmacognostical study on the Chinese drug "Qing Feng Teng" (Sinomenium acutum) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246163 TI - [Synthesis of 4-pyridine-acrylic acid derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246167 TI - [Determination of partition coefficient by high-pressure liquid chromatography. III. The comparison of determination of partition coefficient using different kinds of bonded octadecylsilane support (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246168 TI - [Analysis of andrographolide compounds. I. Ion pair high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of andrographolide derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246169 TI - [Studies on the analysis of proptocatechualdehyde. I. A sensitive colorimetric method for the determination of protocatechualdehyde in the presence of protocatechuic acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246170 TI - [The structure of a new antibiotic 10676 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246171 TI - [The synthesis of A-nor-19-nordiethynyl steroids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246172 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies on the intravenous suspension of a new hepatosplenography agent (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246173 TI - [Effect of ionizing radiation on cyanocobalamin and its aqueous solutions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246174 TI - [The Hofmann reaction of 3-carbamoyl-5-methylisoxazole (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246175 TI - [Isolation and identification of the antitumor agent--hainanolide from Cephalotaxus fortunei (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246177 TI - [A simple method to determine the mode of action of drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246178 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies on 3H-N-Hydroxycantharidinimide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246176 TI - [Absorption, distribution and excretion of 3H--chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246179 TI - [Microbiological hydroxylation of 6 alpha-methyl-17 alpha-hydroxy progesterone and 6 apha-methyl-17 alpha-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone-21-acetate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246180 TI - [Researches on prostanoids. I. Total synthesis of DL-prostaglandin F2 alpha and its omega-ethyl analog (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246181 TI - [Microbial transformation of 16 beta-methyl-5 alpha-delta 9(11)-pregnene-3 beta, 17 alpha, 21-triol-20-one-3 beta, 21-diacetate and 17 alpha-methyl-17 beta hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246182 TI - [The separation and identification of cardiac glycosides in the kernal of Cerbera odollam (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246183 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Artemisia annua L. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246185 TI - [Analysis of thevetoside, a mixture of cardiac glycosides extracted from Thevetia peruviana Merr. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246184 TI - [The analysis of synthetic muscone (DL-3-methylcyclopentadecanone) and its impurities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246186 TI - [Preliminary studies on Chinese Curcuma. I. Identification of the plants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246187 TI - [The effect of gossypol on the incorporation of H3-thymidine in the liver, testis and small intestine of experimental animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246189 TI - [Spectrophotometric determination of gibberellin by molybdenum blue method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246190 TI - Determination of oxybutynin (4-diethylaminobut-2-ynyl 2-cyclohexyl-2 phenylglycolate) in serum and urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with single ion detection. PMID- 7246191 TI - NMR diffusion measurement in polymeric membranes used for controlled drug release. PMID- 7246188 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of Zanthoxylum simulans Hance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246192 TI - Protein binding of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. V. Effects of various drugs on the binding of naproxen to bovine serum albumin. PMID- 7246194 TI - Symposium on tablet technology. Stockholm, February 11-13 1981. PMID- 7246193 TI - Studies on pressurized aerosols for oral inhalation. PMID- 7246195 TI - Effect of training on left ventricular contraction dynamics at rest and during maximal exercise. AB - Left ventricular contraction parameters were determined in sitting position in 21 road cyclists before and after a six-month training course at rest and after maximal exercise. For assessing the contractility of the heart synchronous records were obtained of the second ECG lead, phonocardiogram at Erb's point and right carotid sphygmogram. The polycardiograms were analysed by the method of Weissler. After completion of training the correlation between the total electromechanical systole (QS2) and the left-ventricular ejection time (LVET), on the one hand, and the heart rate, on the other hand, was less pronounced. Moreover, the total electromechanical systole index (QS2I) and the left ventricular ejection time index (LVETI) were significantly (p less than 0.001) smaller, and the pre-ejection period (PEP) and the PEP/LVET ratio were significantly (p less than 0.05) greater than before the training course. During maximal exercise in both investigations the values of QS2I, LVETI, PEP, PEP/LVET ratio and isometric contraction time (ICT) were reduced (p less than 0.001). After the training PEP and PEP/LVET decreased more (p less than 0.05) than before training. The obtained results point to a greater functional reserve of the heart at rest, greater myocardial contractility during exercise, and lower decrease of stroke volume during exercise to exhaustion after 6 months of training than before training in relation to the values of these parameters before training in the same subjects. PMID- 7246196 TI - Metabolism of 3H-catecholamines in the brain of spontaneously hypersensitive rats (SHR) after running stress. AB - The influence of stress on the metabolism of adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) in the prosencephalon (PC) and rhombencephalon (RC) of SHR and normotensive Wistar rats (WR) was studied. After intraperitoneal injection of 3H-tyrosine, radioactivity of 3H-adrenaline (3H-A), 3H-noradrenaline (3H-NA), total 3H-3 methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (3H-MHPG), total 3H-3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (3H DHPG) and 3H-vanillylmandelic acid (3H-VMA) was measured in PC and RC of SHR and WR, non-stressed or subjected to running stress. Stress induced a significant decrease of 3H-A level in PC and RC of 8-week-old SHR while no stress-related changes in 3H-NA level were found in either part of the brain of SHR. In RC, 3H-A level was lower in older than in younger non-stressed SHR and decreased further after stress. In all SHR, stress enhanced formation of total 3H-MHPG and/or 3H DHPG in PC, while increased 3H-VMA level was found only in PC of 24-week-old and in RC of 8-week-old stressed SHR. The results suggest that the decrease of the level of 3H-A in the brain of SHR is involved in their reaction to stress and may depend on increased metabolism mainly to glycols but also to VMA. The lower 3H-NA and 3H-A levels in the prosencephalon of non-stressed young and older SHR, concomitant with unaltered or elevated formation of their metabolites, may suggest higher release of the transmitters involved in the pathogenesis of spontaneous hypertension. PMID- 7246197 TI - Urinary catecholamine excretion and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity during mental work performed in some periods of menstrual cycle in women. AB - The influence of mental work on urinary catecholamine excretion and on plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was investigated in 8 healthy women during the ovulatory, premenstrual and other periods of the menstrual cycle. It was found that mental work performed during the ovulatory period (OP) significantly increased both adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion, whereas work performed during the premenstrual period (PMsP) and also during the other periods of the menstrual cycle significantly increased adrenaline excretion only. No changes in plasma DBH activity were observed after mental work either in OP or in PMsP. PMID- 7246198 TI - Changes in the activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase caused by aseptic inflammatory reaction and ionizing radiation in the liver, kidney and spleen of mice. AB - The activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and the content of soluble proteins were determined in mice irradiated with single dose of 100 R or injected with turpentine and in mice subjected to both these stress factors. The aim of this study was determination of changes in the activity of both these enzymes in the liver, kidney and spleen within 48 hours). It was found that the action of both these stress factors caused significant changes in the activity of AspAT and A1AT in the first phase of the response of the organism to stress and caused statistically significant changes of this activity on the second day of the experiment. PMID- 7246199 TI - Modification of cholinergic tremor by apomorphine and L-dopa in rats. AB - Pretreatment with apomorphine, increased and prolonged the arecoline-induced tremor in rats. When given before pilocarpine, it produced different effects dependent on the dose: low doses (0.05 and 1.0 mg/kg) antagonized, but higher doses (5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) enhanced the pilocarpine tremor. The extent and duration of arecoline tremor after pretreatment L-DOPA increased significantly, but this was not observed in the pilocarpine-induced tremor. These results suggest that the relations between striatal dopaminergic and cholinergic systems may be complex and the model based on a simple antagonism between these systems may be oversimplified. PMID- 7246200 TI - Respiratory activity of various parts of the small intestine in fasted and fed animals. Part II. Respiratory activity of the small intestine in guinea pigs. AB - The aim of this work was to investigate the respiratory activity of three parts of the small intestine: duodenum, jejunum and ileum in guinea pigs, to compare the intensity of oxygen consumption by these parts in hungry and fed animals, and to find possible differences in the intensity of intestinal respiration between guinea pigs and rats. In guinea pigs the intensity of respiration of intestinal homogenates was nearly twice smaller than in rats. similarly, however, as in rats intestinal homogenates of guinea pigs had greater respiration intensity after feeding than while the animals were fasting. The metabolic gradient in the small intestine of guinea pigs was somewhat different, the intensity of respiration was highest in the jejunum, in the duodenum it was slightly lower or equal to that in the ileum it was the lowest. The intensity of mitochondrial respiration was similar in guinea pigs as in rats, and the metabolic gradient in mitochondrial respiration was also similar in three studied parts of the intestine. The effects of fasting and feeding were, however, different than in homogenates. the mitochondria of fed animals consumed less oxygen than those of fasting animals. These changes in respiration were not connected with any changes in the amounts of mitochondrial protein since they were similar in fasting and in fed animals. PMID- 7246201 TI - Facilitation, occlusion and conditioning of pressure responses evoked by developing during aortic nerve stimulation in rabbits. AB - In the experiments on rabbits the reactions of arterial pressure fall during unilateral and bilateral simultaneous stimulation of the aortic nerve and during conditioning of arterial pressure change effects preceding stimulation of the same nerve, contralateral aortic nerve, vagal afferents and tibial nerve were investigated under general anaesthesia with urethane. The main effect of simultaneous stimulation of both aortic nerves was occlusion. Facilitation developed in a very narrow range of stimulation intensities used. The results of conditioning of depressor response pressure fall reaction obtained from the aortic nerve using various afferent fibres point to differences in the degree of utilization of common interneuronal pathways stimulated in both these ways. PMID- 7246206 TI - Changes in the concentration of serum proteins and their carbohydrate components during immobilization stress. AB - Changes in different protein fractions during immobilization stress were demonstrated. The concentration of albumins increased and that of all globulin fractions decreased, especially the concentration of alpha 2, and gamma globulins. Increased concentration of the carbohydrate components of serum proteins was also observed. Since the latter change was associated with a fall in globulin concentration, and globulins, contrary to albumins, contain carbohydrate components, it may be supposed that the proteins investigated during stress have molecules rich in carbohydrates. PMID- 7246202 TI - Motor activity of the abomasum in sheep. AB - The experiments were carried out on 5 sheep with chronic fistulae of the rumen and of the fundus and pyloric part of the abomasum. The motor activity of the parts of the stomach containing fistulae was recorded by the balloon method. The analysis of the obtained contraction curves showed that the motor activity of the pyloric part was more intense than that of the fundus of the abomasum, and the intensity increased with filling of the multichamber stomach with food, food intake increased the tonus and the intensity of peristaltic movements in the fundus and pyloric part of the abomasum, rumination had no effect on the motor activity of the fundus but increased usually the frequency of contractions of the pyloric part. It has been demonstrated also that the movements of the pyloric part of the abomasum can be inhibited for short time periods. PMID- 7246203 TI - Humoral immune response in rats with lesions of the septal forebrain area. AB - Rats with bilateral electrolytic lesions of the septal forebrain area produced antibodies in higher titres after immunization with antigen. Similarly, the dynamics of antibody production was higher than in control rats with sham lesions. The observed effect may be connected with activation of the hypothalamo hypophyseo-adrenal system caused by abolition of the inhibitory influence of the septal forebrain area on the hypothalamus. PMID- 7246205 TI - Effect of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition on the central activity of noradrenaline in rats. AB - The effects of paracetamol and indomethacin on the action of centrally administered noradrenaline (NA) on the blood pressure, heart rate and rectal body temperature were studied in rats. It was demonstrated that both these substances increased NA effect on the arterial blood pressure and heart rate but caused no changes in NA effect on body temperature. These results suggest a modulating action of prostaglandins in the central nervous system on the functions of the centres regulating cardiovascular functions. PMID- 7246204 TI - Reduced blood pressure response to carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - In nine 20-24-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and twelve age matched normotensive control rats (NCR) carotid body chemoreceptors were stimulated by acid saline injected into the common carotid artery. The animals were paralyzed and atropinized. The reflex blood pressure rise in NCR (27 +/- 2 mm Hg) was significantly greater than in SHR (4 +/- 2 mm Hg). We conclude that the sensitivity of the vascular-sympathetic component of the arterial chemoreflex is decreased in adult SHR. PMID- 7246207 TI - Glycosaminoglycans and hydroxyproline in the urine of men exposed for 35-40 minutes to a simulated altitude of 5000m (540 hPa). AB - Total urine portions were collected from 31 pilots and candidates for pilots before hypobarism, during 35-40 minutes of hypobarism at a simulated altitude of 5000 m (540 hPa) and following hypobarism. The measured volume of urine portions and amounts of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and hydroxyproline (Hp) were calculated in 30-minute periods before the test, during hypobaric test and following this test. The average urine volume during hypobarism and average amounts of GAG and Hp in the urine collected during this period were found to be significantly increased in comparison with similar quantities before hypobarism. After the hypobarism the average urine volume was still augmented, whereas the average amount of Hp was lower than before hypobarism. During hypobarism the volume of urine and the amount of GAG and Hp were significantly positively correlated. PMID- 7246208 TI - Glycosaminoglycans and hydroxyproline in urine of rats exposed to simulated altitude of 725 hPa. AB - Adult male rats were individually accustomed to experimental conditions in 16X16X30 cm polymethacrylate chambers. Each of 12 rats was twice subjected during 5 hrs or 5 1/2 hrs to hypobarism at a simulated altitude of 3000 m (725 Hpa). The amounts of total glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and hydroxyproline (Hp) were determined in urine portions collected during the period of hypobaric exposure and during the remaining part of the day. Transient shock-like symptoms with high excitement and seizures occurred in 2 of 12 rats during reduction of air pressure for the first time and a significant augmentation of urinary GAG output was found in both rats during this hypobaric period. The remaining rats showed only slight dysbaric signs in the tympanic cavity during ascending to simulated altitude and return to environmental air pressure in the hypobaric chamber. These animals excreted lower amounts of GAG during the hypobaric periods and higher amounts of Hp during the next days after hypobarism. PMID- 7246210 TI - Changes in threshold values of finger vibration sensibility depending on differences in measurement conditions. AB - Investigations of the threshold of vibratory sensibility were carried out in 90 subjects searching for its relation to age, sex, hand and finger tested. It was found that this sensibility to vibrations of 15 and 31 HZ frequencies was higher in women than in men, in the right hand than in the left one, and in blind subjects than in those with normal vision. On the other hand, in the frequency range from 62 to 500 Hh the vibratory sensibility threshold was higher in women, blind subjects with good vision and in the left hand. In boys the threshold of the vibration sensibility was slightly lower than in men. No differences were found between the vibratory sensibility threshold in the fingertips of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers of both hands. Application of the stimulus at increasing frequency and intensity was accepted as the best method of determining the threshold of vibratory sensibility. The optimal temperature of the vibrating rod was accepted to be 303.2 K (30 degrees C) and the optimal pressure exerted by it was about 1 N (100g). PMID- 7246209 TI - The influence of the ammonium ion and adenosine on glucose metabolism in preserved human erythrocytes. AB - Human erythrocytes, preserved for 21-25 days in ACD fluid were incubated in buffers containing glucose, phosphates, pyruvate, adenine, various concentrations of adenosine and an addition of NH4Cl. The ammonium ion produced an increase in glucose utilization by the erythrocytes and raised their energetic state (ATP/ADP+AMP), concentration of 2,3 DPG and activity of PK. A significant influence of this ion on the levels of GSH and methaemoglobin was not demonstrated. Increasing the amount of adenosine in incubation fluids produced an effect analogous to that of the ammonium ion. It is possible that the action of adenosine in regenerating fluids is caused partially by the ammonium ion released during its deamination. This suggests the possibility of applying added NH4Cl in the regeneration process of preserved human erythrocytes. PMID- 7246211 TI - Ethyl alcohol effect on the visual evoked potential. AB - The investigations were carried out in 30 clinically healthy pilots who were given 1 g/kg of body weight of ethanol orally. Visual evoked potentials were recorded 30 and 60 minutes after alcohol ingestion in the occipital leads using an ANOPS-10 computer. It was found that ethanol caused prolongation of the latency time of all components parallel with rising concentration of ethanol in the blood. The amplitude of the late components, i.e.-N2-P2-P2-N3 and N3-P3 30 minutes after alcohol ingestion was raised, and after 60 minutes it was reduced. The analysis of the individual visual evoked potentials demonstrated three types of individual reactions to ethanol. Type I--increasing depression of the amplitude of the components with rising blood alcohol concentration, type II- rising amplitude, mainly of the late components, type III--amplitude rise in the 30th minute followed by amplitude fall in the 60th minute without reaching, however, the initial level. These changes of the visual evoked potentials suggest that alcohol exerts in the first place an effect on the subcortical structures and that this effect is a phasic one. PMID- 7246212 TI - Energy expenditure in obese women on a reducing diet. AB - Energy expenditure during rest and exercise was studied in 13 obese women on a 400 kcal weight-reducing diet. The resting metabolic rate did not decrease during weight reduction. Diminished energy expenditure during standard ergometer test indicates that a progressively increasing physical activity is needed during dietetic treatment to achieve the optimal weight loss. PMID- 7246213 TI - Incidence of cholelithiasis in liver cirrhosis in autopsy material. PMID- 7246215 TI - The relation of obesity onset age and the effect of reducing diet on blood pressure. PMID- 7246214 TI - [Acid phosphatase isoenzyme, beta-glucuronidase and non-specific esterase activity in certain morphological groups of atypical mononuclear cells in circulating blood in infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 7246216 TI - Effect of normobaric hyperoxia on the "blood-cerebrospinal fluid" barrier in choroid plexus of young rabbits. PMID- 7246217 TI - Incorporation of 3H-thymidine in cultures of human lymphocytes. PMID- 7246218 TI - Erythrocyte membrane cholesterol content in juvenile diabetes. Preliminary communication. PMID- 7246221 TI - Morphometric ultrastructural evaluation of muscle fibres in pigeons forced to fly after a long period of hypodynamia. PMID- 7246220 TI - Immunogenetic aspects of psoriasis in the light of population and family studies. PMID- 7246219 TI - Dynamics of 17-OHCS excretion in chronic coronary insufficiency. PMID- 7246223 TI - Ultrastructural changes of the glomerular basement membranes in glomerulonephritis caused by HB virus infection. PMID- 7246225 TI - The effect of gamma radiation on the mitochondria of rats liver and intestine. PMID- 7246224 TI - Kinetics of changes in thymic lymphoid cell types in C57Bl/6 mice following x-ray irradiation. PMID- 7246226 TI - Stereological studies of muscle mitochondria of mice subjected to hypokinesis. PMID- 7246222 TI - Stereological assay of the myocardium in rats kept in conditions of weightlessness and artificially produced gravitation. PMID- 7246229 TI - Ultrastructural investigations of the blood vessels of thyroid in experimental acute anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs. PMID- 7246227 TI - Ultrastructure of hepatic and heart muscle mitochondria after 2,4-dinitrophenol treatment in vivo. PMID- 7246228 TI - Investigation on glucagon influence on mitochondria of the choroid plexus ependyma in vivo. PMID- 7246230 TI - Relationship between the Golgi complex and cytoplasmic microtubules. PMID- 7246231 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of the porcine and calf skin surface prepared according to different depilatory methods. PMID- 7246232 TI - Ultrastructural and functional characteristics of the cell populations composing the cultures derived from mouse thymic explants. PMID- 7246233 TI - Influence of methods of preparation of dental microsections with filling materials on quality of ultrastructural (SEM) pictures. PMID- 7246234 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study on the influence of mercury compounds on the rat erythrocytes. PMID- 7246235 TI - Changes in contractile structure of regenerating muscle. PMID- 7246236 TI - Redifferentiation of the stigma cells in some plant species. PMID- 7246237 TI - Ultrastructure of the rat pineal gland after testosterone administration. PMID- 7246238 TI - Quantitative changes of the neurosecretory granules in the rat neurohypophysis after preganglionic stimulation of the superior cervical ganglion. PMID- 7246239 TI - Quantitative changes of the Golgi profiles and dense-core vesicles in the rat superior cervical ganglion cells after preganglionic nerve stimulation. PMID- 7246240 TI - Influence of estradiol on the ultrastructure of rat pineal gland. PMID- 7246241 TI - Ultrastructure of the rat pineal gland after administration of triiodothyronine and thyreoidectomy. PMID- 7246244 TI - The ultrastructure of the nucellus and the gametophyte in developing ovules of Stellaria media. PMID- 7246243 TI - Some ultrastructural aspects of sarcomere formation during the muscle differentiation in Urodela (Amphibia). PMID- 7246242 TI - New three-dimensional approach to the morphogenesis of renal structures. PMID- 7246245 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the tibialis anterior muscle in rat after local injury with cold. PMID- 7246246 TI - Ultrastructure and antigenic differentiation of bacteriophages belonging to C morphological set. PMID- 7246247 TI - The ultrastructure of thymus tumours. PMID- 7246248 TI - Morphometric studies of the synapses in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the rat. PMID- 7246249 TI - An ultrastructural study of the axons in the neurosecretory system of the rat. PMID- 7246251 TI - Ultrastructure of the cat amygdaloid body studied by freeze-etching technique. PMID- 7246250 TI - Concanavalin A distribution on the surface of the mesothelial and cancer cells from human effusions. Electron and fluorescent microscopic observations. PMID- 7246252 TI - Changes in the acetylcholinesterase activity during the regeneration of planarian Dugesia lugubris (O. Schmidt) ultrastructural studies. PMID- 7246253 TI - Immunoelectron microscopy identification of hepatitis B core antigen immune complexes in kidney glomeruli. PMID- 7246254 TI - Electron microscopic investigations in diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis in children. PMID- 7246255 TI - Analysis of effect of various agents on the dentinal walls of the root canal. A scanning electron microscopic study. PMID- 7246257 TI - Influence of the applied sets of lining and filling materials on the sealing effect of the dental restorations. PMID- 7246256 TI - Electron microscopic observations on dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. PMID- 7246258 TI - X-ray microanalysis of human bone marrow cells. PMID- 7246259 TI - Electron microscopy studies on the surface of cestodes in various part of alimentary tract. PMID- 7246260 TI - Use of cytochemical markers in examination of cell membrane surface of renal tubules. PMID- 7246261 TI - The effect of dopamine on prolactin cells in vivo. PMID- 7246262 TI - Morphometric methods used for assessing the dynamics of ultrastructural changes in mouse liver in acute poisoning with diethylnitrosamine. PMID- 7246264 TI - The blood-air barrier studied with the freeze-fracturing technique. PMID- 7246263 TI - The possibilities of application of X-ray microanalysis electron microscope studies. PMID- 7246266 TI - Stereological study of the frog, Rana lessonae Cam. Liver melanization. PMID- 7246265 TI - Malignant lymphomas producing immunoglobulins. PMID- 7246267 TI - Ultrastructure of polyhedra and virions of Baculovirus from Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PMID- 7246268 TI - The reaction of mouse muscle cells during simultaneous Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis infection. PMID- 7246269 TI - Prognosis of giant cell arteritis including temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. A follow-up study on ninety patients treated with corticosteroids. AB - Ninety patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) were followed 3-10 years after the diagnosis. The mean observation time was 63 months. Thirteen patients died. Corticosteroids were administered to all but one patient; 35 were still on treatment after a mean observation period of 59 months. In 38 patients, 94 flare ups of the disease were recorded during corticosteroid treatment, most of them occurring during the first year of treatment and when a low dose of prednisolone had been given. Thirty-three relapses, 76% within 3 months, occurred in 28 patients after withdrawal of treatment. One patient relapsed after more than ten years of disease. Polymyalgia rheumatica was the most common symptom of flare-up or relapse, regardless of the clinical picture at the time of diagnosis. The duration of treatment should be individualized. One year of treatment is enough in a few patients, whereas others need steroid therapy for more than four years. The rate of intercurrent disease and complications of GCA or its treatment was low. No patient developed severe eye damage due to GCA. The mortality rate was in fact lower than expected with regard to age and sex. PMID- 7246270 TI - An alternate-day corticosteroid regimen in maintenance therapy of giant cell arteritis. AB - It is well established that the side-effects of corticosteroid treatment can be reduced by administering the steroid on alternate days. Twenty-seven patients with giant cell arteritis were given daily treatment initially, followed by a gradual transition to alternate-day treatment. It was possible to maintain 18 (67%) of 27 patients on this regimen. In 9 (33%) the regimen was abandoned because of clinical symptoms on the "day off". These patient, however, could be maintained with a single morning dose of the corticosteroid. Morning plasma cortisol levels on the treatment day were normal in all patients treated with 20 mg prednisolone or less every other day. PMID- 7246273 TI - Myoglobin and creatine kinase release in coronary care patients without acute myocardial infarction. AB - Fifty-nine consecutive coronary care patients, clinically evaluated as not having acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and with a duration of symptoms of less than 6 hours on admission, were studied. Serum myoglobin (MG) and creatine kinase (CK) were determined sequentially during the first 25 hours. Two groups are identified, one with a pattern of a serum MG peak followed by a CK peak and one without. Twenty-four patients had a serum MG peak of 137 plus or minus 33 micrograms x 1(-1) followed by a CK peak of 1.6 plus or minus 0.9 microkat x 1( 1). Values above th reference limits were found in 19 patients for MG and in 5 for CK. After the onset of symptoms, the peaks were observed at 5.3 plus or minus 2.8 (MG) and 12.7 plus or minus 5.3 (CK) hours. Compared to the group without MG and CK peaks, ECG alterations were more frequent in the group with peaks, 20/24 (84%) versus 15/35 (43%). The entire patient group had the same 2-year incidence of major coronary events as patients with AMI, but it tended to be higher in patients with MG/CK release. PMID- 7246271 TI - 178 fatal cases of pulmonary embolism in a medical department. AB - The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was established during a 6-year period in 284 patients hospitalized in medical departments of a general hospital. Of the 183 patients who died, 178 were autopsied. A retrospective study was performed on the autopsy-verified fatal cases to correlate their clinical state to relevant postmortem findings. Two groups made thorough, independent evaluations of data from the medical and pathological records. In 95% of the patients a confirmed fatal pulmonary embolism constituted only a slight modification of life expectancy, because of concomitant complicating, severe, terminal disease. Reflecting this poor clinical state, only 26 patients (15%) had a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism premortally and of these patient, 13 died within 5 hours after onset of symptoms and 10 were treated with antithrombotic drugs. Our results seem to indicate an increase in the incidence of terminal diseases in the population of elderly, hospitalized patients and change the concept of fatal pulmonary embolism into an agonal incident in a terminal-care medical patient. PMID- 7246274 TI - The use of thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy for the diagnosis of previous infarction. AB - The ability of thallium-201 scintigraphy to detect previous infarction (greater than 6 months ago) was studied in 43 patients with coronary artery disease, 39 with valvular heart disease, and 5 with cardiomyopathy or myocarditis. All patients had undergone selective coronary arteriography and left ventricular angiography. Thallium-201 scintigraphy at rest proved a very sensitive method for detecting previous infarction, also clinically silent. Scintigraphy was more sensitive than a recent ECG. However, scintigraphy can give falsely positive results. PMID- 7246272 TI - Delay of onset of second degree pacemaker block by beta-blockade in patients with P-synchronous pacemakers. AB - Second degree pacemaker block is a safety mechanism of the synchronous pacer at atrial rates above 120-130. The aim of the present study was to determine the work level at which pacemaker block occurred before and after beta-blockade. Seven patients (mean age 53 y.) were submitted to graded, submaximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer without drug and after 0.8 mg pindolol i.v. (6 pats.) or alprenolol orally (1 pat.). Pacemaker block developed at much higher total work after beta-blockade in 3 patients (5800 vs. 1900 kpm. p less than 0.0005), while 4 patients had to stop work due to exhaustion before pacemaker block occurred. Total work increased significantly after beta-blockade (p less than 0.005). Lack of a stable i.v. atrial electrode has delayed the extensive use of the synchronous pacemaker. The design of the generator, however, is not optimal block occurs is too low for a number of patients. beta-Blockade effectively delays the occurrence of pacemaker block and can be of therapeutic value. It is suggested that the P-synchronous pacer should be redesigned with a programmable basic rate (50-70 beats/min) and a programmable upper rate (130-180 beats/min) to ensure that the obvious physiologic advantages of the atrial triggered pacemaker can be maintained both at rest and during physical exercise. PMID- 7246275 TI - A retrospective clinico-pathologic study of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas classified according to the nomenclatures of Lennert and of Rappaport. AB - The survival of 88 patients treated for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 1972-73 have been reviewed. In 49 patients it was possible to do a re-classification of the lymphomas according to Rappaport's and Lennert's classifications. The main obstacle to the classification according to Lennert was inadequacy of the cyto pathological material. The correlation between survival and pathology was studied and a comparison between the two classifications was made. Lennert's classification was found to have a good reproducibility and to be more accurate than Rappaport's in separating lymphomas with favourable prognosis from those with unfavourable. PMID- 7246277 TI - Told by doctor to drink large amounts of water--suffered lead poisoning. PMID- 7246276 TI - Concurrent medullary and papillary thyroid carcinoma in the same thyroid lobe and in siblings. PMID- 7246279 TI - Oesophageal ulcers. An adverse reaction to co-trimoxazole. PMID- 7246280 TI - Early complications and results of surgery for ruptured intracranial aneurysms. AB - A personal prospective study has been carried out on 91 consecutive patients undergoing direct surgery for aneurysms of the anterior Circle of Willis. The protocol particularly involved maintaining normotension for each patient during surgery, and operating on all patients in Grades I, II, and III and on those patients in Grades IV and V suffering from coincidental hydrocephalus or intra cranial haematoma. The results are discussed with particular regard to earlier complications following surgery. PMID- 7246278 TI - Intravenous naphazoline intoxication. AB - Nine pale perspiring drug addicts with drowsiness, nausea, headache, normal blood pressure and marked sinus bradycardia with premature ventricular beats were seen at the Casualty Department soon after alleged i.v. cocaine administration. Eight were treated with atropine, as the bradycardia suggested intoxication with a parasympathomimetic compound. Seven were discharged in good condition after a few hours' observation. One patient developed a blood pressure of 150/120 mmHg after atropine. Subsequently, a hemiparesis was found and an intracerebral haematoma was evaluated at surgery. Another patient was admitted forthwith to the CCU. He did not receive any medication and recovered within two days. Urinalysis of these two patients disclosed contents of naphazoline, a powerful alpha-adrenergic agent. Samples of the alleged cocaine contained 97% naphazoline HCl. A conscious rabbit was injected with naphazoline and thereafter with atropine. I.v. naphazoline doubled mean arterial pressure (MAP) and reduced heart rate (HR) from 167 to 30 beats/min. Atropine doubled HR, but caused a marked rise in MAP, too, stressing the adverse effects of atropine in these cases. When confronted with patients after alleged cocaine abuse, the role of substitute drugs, especially alpha-adrenergic compounds, should be considered as this should influence the therapeutic approach. PMID- 7246281 TI - Reversible contrast-enhanced lesions of basal ganglia and brain stem on computed tomography. AB - Two cases of reversible CT contrast-enhanced lesions simulating brain neoplasms are described. Following steroid therapy and shunting procedure normalization of the clinical signs and of the CT scans occurred. The role of a vasculomyelinopathy as a possible pathogenetic factor of these lesions is stressed. PMID- 7246282 TI - Inferior red nucleus syndrome (Benedikt's syndrome) due to a single intramesencephalic metastasis from a prostatic carcinoma. Case report. AB - The authors describe a case of inferior red nucleus syndrome due to a solitary intramesencephalic metastasis from a glandular epithelioma of the prostate. They emphasize the rarity of cerebral metastases of prostatic origin, particularly at the level of the brain stem, and the exceptional features of a red nucleus syndrome originating from a tumour. PMID- 7246283 TI - Giant ossifying fibroma of the nasal cavity with intracranial extension. AB - A 12-year-old white male presented with an ossifying fibroma of the maxillary sinus. The tumour recurred following incomplete excision through a maxillary approach. Computerized tomography revealed an extensive tumour involving the paranasal sinuses, which extended intracranially through the cribriform plate. The tumour was successfully excised through a combined craniofacial approach. This approach should be used whenever there is radiological involvement of the base of the skull from paranasal sinus tumours. Accurate radiological delineation of the extent of the tumour is only possible by computerized tomography in the axial and coronal planes. PMID- 7246284 TI - Orbito-cranial teratoma. A case report. AB - A case of congenital orbito-cranial teratoma is presented. Histological examination of this extremely rare tumour revealed unusual tissue elements derived from all three germinal layers. PMID- 7246285 TI - Acrylic fixation in displaced dens fractures. AB - Non-union of odontoid process fractures with displacement in old patients have been treated operatively stable acrylic fixation. Immediate mobilization without external fixation was achieved. PMID- 7246287 TI - [Epilepsy and hypocalcemia. Further considerations on a case]. PMID- 7246286 TI - Spinal intradural metastases of extraneural origin. AB - Three cases of intradural extramedullary (spinal subdural) metastases, originating from outside the central nervous system, are presented. Two were located at the cervico-dorsal junction, and one was mid-dorsal. A breast ductus carcinoma, a cervical neuroblastoma, and an apoduma of unknown origin, were the primary neoplasms. All presented clinically with a short history typical of cancerous spinal cord compression. Plain X-rays of the spine did not show areas of destruction. Myelography in two cases clearly suggested that intradural location of the tumour. The relative frequency of these tumours and their pathogenesis are briefly reviewed. It is stressed that primary tumours are mainly in the breast or lung. Their metastases are mainly found in the cervico-dorsal region. It is assumed that they really are metastases of the dura mater itself, growing inward. The importance of the lymphatic and venous pathways in their spread into the dura mater is emphasized. PMID- 7246288 TI - [The problem of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy in young girls. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7246289 TI - [A case of hypopotassemic myopathy]. PMID- 7246290 TI - [Progressive muscular dystrophy and Raynaud's disease]. PMID- 7246292 TI - [Study of visual-perceptive ability in patients with parkinsonism]. PMID- 7246291 TI - [Histological and histochemical study of the muscle in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in different evolutive stages]. PMID- 7246293 TI - [Profile of the visual memory test scores of patients with parkinsonism]. PMID- 7246295 TI - [Complex neurological syndromes: association of parkinsonian disorders with dementia and second motor neuron disease. Clinical and nosographic aspects of 6 cases]. PMID- 7246296 TI - [Clinical study of a case of multisystemic degenerative disease of difficult nosographic classification]. PMID- 7246294 TI - [L-dopa-resistant parkinsonism with cerebral atrophy: striato-nigral degeneration? 2 cases]. PMID- 7246299 TI - [Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Electroencephalographic aspects of 5 cases]. PMID- 7246297 TI - [Tomodensitometric confirmation of a case of late cerebellar atrophy]. PMID- 7246298 TI - [Late cerebellar atrophy]. PMID- 7246300 TI - [Clinico-therapeutic evaluation of 2 cases of the HHE (hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia epilepsy) syndrome]. PMID- 7246301 TI - [Pure verbal deafness with amusia. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7246302 TI - [Late neuro-psychological syndrome after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Case report]. PMID- 7246303 TI - [Unusual case of hydrothorax, cerebrospinal fluid ascites and hydrocele in a patient with a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt]. PMID- 7246305 TI - [Epidemiological and clinical studies of multiple sclerosis in the provinces of Naples and Avellino]. PMID- 7246304 TI - [An unusual case of reflex epilepsy]. PMID- 7246306 TI - [The Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire concerning subjects with essential headache]. PMID- 7246308 TI - [Influence of the central dopaminergic system on GABAergic activity of the cerebellum. Initial results]. PMID- 7246311 TI - [Extension of the "couvade syndrome" concept]. PMID- 7246310 TI - [Time concept at various ages of life]. PMID- 7246309 TI - [Auxological and intellectual development of 90 subjects with Cooley's disease]. PMID- 7246307 TI - [Evaluation of motor behavior in conditions of hyperprolactinemia]. PMID- 7246313 TI - [The child with febrile convulsions]. PMID- 7246312 TI - [Diagnostic validity of the extemporaneous cytological examination of CNS tumors. Apropos of 74 cases]. PMID- 7246314 TI - [Trans-sphenoidal surgery of pituitary adenomas and other forms of pituitary pathology]. PMID- 7246315 TI - [Surgical treatment of lumbosacral diskopathy with a modified interlaminar approach]. PMID- 7246318 TI - [Epilepsy and depression. Preliminary considerations]. PMID- 7246316 TI - [Electrotomographic and clinical correlations in supratentorial brain tumors]. PMID- 7246320 TI - [General principles of drug therapy in epileptic syndromes]. PMID- 7246319 TI - [Serum levels of anticonvulsants in patients with uncontrolled epilepsy. Preliminary results]. PMID- 7246321 TI - [Polytherapy and monotherapy in the treatment of epileptic patients]. PMID- 7246317 TI - [The use of contrast medium in computerized tomography of the skull]. PMID- 7246322 TI - [Annual report of the activity of the department for diagnosis, therapy and prevention of epileptic syndromes at the Neurological Clinic of Messina for the years of 1978 and 1979]. PMID- 7246323 TI - Training in microbiology at Indiana University-Bloomington. PMID- 7246324 TI - The educator's role in the juvenile justice system. AB - Juvenile justice and education are two major social systems which have an impact upon children's daily lives, yet these two systems operate far too independently of each other. The school system is in contact with children for six to eight hours per day, therefore it is logical that this same system should begin to interface with and understand the child as s/he is involved in the juvenile justice system. Points of possible contact for the educator exist throughout the juvenile justice system. If the educator has an understanding of the juvenile justice system and how it relates to the child, the educator can help the child cope with this other social system and better understand the requirements of juvenile court and probation. PMID- 7246327 TI - comprehensive therapy of chronic asthma on a psychosomatic unit. PMID- 7246326 TI - Aspects of social support networks among institutionalized adolescents. AB - This study describes the social support networks on two adolescent units in two mental health centers. The purpose is to explore the possible existence and functions of informal peer support groups. A semi-structured interview schedule consisting of six questions was used. Participant observation was also used as a secondary method to substantiate the interview responses of 16 patients and 4 staff members (10 patients and 2 staff members on one ward and the remainder on the other ward). The results indicate that some form of peer support network exists on the wards as well as outside the institutions. Two emergent types of network, with some overlapping, are the action-oriented and the dialogue oriented, with age and gender as the factors discriminating between them. Conclusions from the results are suggestive rather than conclusive. A much more extensive study would need to be undertaken to decisively refute or support the significance of peer groups among instiutionalized adolescents. PMID- 7246325 TI - A comparison of unwed pregnant teenagers and nulligravid sexually active adolescents seeking contraception. AB - Unwed pregnant adolescents were contrasted with nulligravid teenagers seeking contraception. Pregnant subjects were less likely to employ or plan to use contraceptives. Gravid subjects more often described their boyfriends as happy about the pregnancy and expressed a desire for a pregnancy. Nulligravid youngsters described their parents as more disapproving of their premarital sexual activity. There is a need for counseling programs, including adolescents of both sexes, and aimed at the modification of attitudes toward contraception. PMID- 7246328 TI - Non-traditional mental health services for youth in six European countries: some general observations. PMID- 7246330 TI - A significant aspect of acting out, and its management on an adolescent ward: "jailification". PMID- 7246331 TI - Deviance as fun. PMID- 7246329 TI - Drinking among adolescents: a subcultural phenomenon or a model of adult behaviors. PMID- 7246332 TI - Neuropsychological differences between juvenile delinquents and functional adolescents: a preliminary study. AB - This study examines the neuropsychological differences between juvenile delinquents and functional high school adolescents by means of the Bender-Gestalt test and the Luria Neuropsychological Investigation. Forty-one subjects were examined, twenty-eight delinquent subjects (15 female, 13 male, mean age 15.5 years) and thirteen control subjects (8 female, 5 male, mean age 15 years). Of the nine subtests in the Luria Battery, eight were found statistically significant, with cutaneous and kinesthetic functions being the only subtest which did not prove significant (greater than .025). Overall t analysis between the groups displayed significance at the .01 level. As was expected the delinquent group performed significantly higher on those functions requiring complex problem-solving and language abilities. On the Bender-Gestalt test of visio-motor abilities group, significance was displayed at the .05 level. PMID- 7246333 TI - The problem of depression in adolescence. AB - The subjects for this study were tested using MMPI Scales 2 and 4 and the Beck Depression Inventory. There were four different groups studied, adolescent male patients, adolescent female patients, mothers, and fathers. The first null hypothesis stated that there will be no significant incidence of depression among adolescents hospitalized in a specific hospital facility. It is obvious that the null hypothesis was rejected for adolescents, both male and female, in the sample on the basis of the MMPI results. The second null hypothesis stated that there will be no significant incidence of depression among parents of adolescents admitted to a specific hospital for psychiatric treatment. There is not sufficient evidence to suggest that parents are depressed to a significant degree; therefore, the second null hypothesis is not rejected based on the results of the tests used in this study. However, there were a significant number of fathers who fell within the range of mild depression. Mothers did not appear depressed. The third null hypothesis stated that there will be no significant relationship between the presence of depression in hospitalized adolescents and the presence of depression in one or both parents. There was not evidence to permit rejection of this hypothesis; thus, there is not proof on the basis of this study that there is a correlation between family members. PMID- 7246334 TI - Vertigo in the elderly. AB - Half the elderly referrals to a vestibular clinic have, as their principal diagnosis, a central vestibular lesion and a quarter have a peripheral lesion. Many patients also have widespread impairment of postural control so that a precise diagnosis is often difficult. Drugs are rarely of help, except for peripheral vestibular lesions and exercises to improve balance and confidence are often found to be the best approach for vertiginous patients. PMID- 7246336 TI - Serum ferritin and ageing. AB - The level of serum ferritin of 226 selected subjects, aged 20 to 93, showed an age-related tendency to rise and in every age studied it was higher in males than in females. This finding is considered to be a consequence of the activation of the reticuloendothelial system and of the increase of iron storage with ageing. PMID- 7246335 TI - Circadian rhythm of plasma iron, total iron binding capacity and serum ferritin in arteriosclerotic aged patients. AB - In 30 synchronized arteriosclerotic, but otherwise apparently normal, aged patients, a circadian rhythm can be demonstrated for plasma iron and total iron binding capacity, but not for serum ferritin. The features of the two rhythms are similar to those observed in adult subjects. In women an acrophase-shift of the two rhythms in comparison to men has been observed. PMID- 7246338 TI - Geriatric medicine in the United States--a British view. PMID- 7246337 TI - Safety, usefulness and acceptability of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the elderly. AB - The safety and usefulness of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the elderly was assessed retrospectively in 204 consecutive patients aged 70 and over. One third of patients were examined as day cases. A bronchial tumour was seen in 67% patients, and biopsies showed malignancy in 78% of these cases. Certain knowledge of a diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma helped in the management of the elderly patient. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy proved to be safe in the presence of marked ventilatory impairment. A prospective questionnaire study in 114 patients showed that most patients found the procedure acceptable and would agree to a repeat if necessary and this was largely independent of age. PMID- 7246339 TI - Drug response in the elderly--sensitivity and pharmacokinetic considerations. AB - There is now a considerable body of evidence to indicate that response to many drugs changes as people ages. As a result, interest has increased in recent years in the investigation of mechanisms contributing to altered drug responsiveness with age. Significant changes in pharmacokinetics and/or tissue sensitivity have been shown to occur. In the former cases, decreased renal elimination is undoubtedly the most important factor but decreased plasma protein binding and rate of metabolism may also be of clinical significance. In the case of tissue sensitivity, there have been few opportunities so far to determine age-related changes in the number and sensitivity of drug receptors and studies have been largely confined to relating drug effect to plasma levels in patients of different age. Such studies in the elderly have been complicated by alteration in the normal homoeostatic mechanisms and by the presence of disease. Further work in both healthy volunteers and patients is necessary to provide a comprehensive data base from which drug regimens appropriate for elderly patients may be developed. PMID- 7246340 TI - Senile parkinsonism, a study of current treatment. AB - In a survey of all 2069 in-patients at 14 geriatric centres, 249 patients were found to have received drugs for the treatment of parkinsonism. There was a wide variation in point prevalence which varied from 4.6% to 22.6% between centres. Levodopa, usually in combination with a decarboxylase inhibitor, was the most frequently prescribed drug. Compared with the recommendations for its use in Parkinson's diseases, over 75% of patients received inadequate and widely spaced doses. Furthermore, dopamine antagonists were concurrently prescribed to one third of patients who received levodopa. There was a high incidence of treatment failure (30%), and a low incidence of drug-induced dyskinesia (3%). Dementia was closely associated with the onset of parkinsonism. These findings suggest that many of these patients did not have Parkinson's disease but rather rigid-akinetic syndromes associated with degenerative brain disease. The treatment of parkinsonism in the elderly requires reevaluation. PMID- 7246341 TI - Nutritional assessment of psychogeriatric patients. AB - The nutritional status of 91 patients on four psychogeriatric wards was assessed by anthropometric measurements and determination of circulating proteins. The patients had low mean values for weight, arm muscle circumference, plasma albumin and serum transferrin. Indicators of malnutrition were combined to define the nutritional status in each individual. Energy and/or protein undernutrition was found in 30% and obesity in 4%. Energy undernutrition was more common than protein deficiency. Undernutrition was quite common during the first year of hospitalization and did not correlate with the duration of hospital stay. Subjects with their own teeth had a lower prevalence of undernutrition than edentulous patients. Food intake was similar in patients with and without undernutrition. The possible interactions between malnutrition and chronic psychiatric disorders in the elderly are discussed. PMID- 7246342 TI - Histaminemia after aspirin challenge in aspirin-sensitive asthmatics. AB - To determine the role of mast cells in aspirin-induced bronchoconstriction, venous histaminemia was measured in 17 aspirin-sensitive patients before and after administration of aspirin. Ventilatory disturbances were measured spirographically. Venous histaminemia was determined according to Lorenz. In 11 patients the mean increase of histaminemia was from 39.6 ng/ml to 107.0 ng/ml. In the remaining 6 patients no change in histaminemia was observed after the challenge. In patients exhibiting the increase of histaminemia, symptoms of hypersensitivity to aspirin, other than dyspnea, were not common and stronger. The authors discuss a possible relationship of the aspirin effect, disturbances in prostaglandin synthesis and histamine release. PMID- 7246345 TI - Histamine involvement in HCl-induced gastric mucosal damage. PMID- 7246343 TI - Additional data on the function of hypothalamic histamine. AB - In a preliminary study, the stimulatory effect of histamine on an adenylate cyclase system in a solubilized cell-free preparation of the rat hypothalamus was established. The effect was dose dependent, and the histamine concentration required for half-maximal activation (Ka) was determined at 0.1 muM. At a 10-fold higher concentration, both chloropyramine, the classical histamine H1 antagonist, and metiamide, the selective H2-receptor blocker, partially blocked this action. Experiments carried out in hypothalamic slices showed a stimulatory effect of both the H1-agonist, 2-(2-pyridyl)-ethylamine, and the H2-antagonist, dimaprit, on adenylate cyclase in the range of histamine action. These effects could be reversed completely by the H1-antagonist, mepyramine, and the H2-receptor blocker cimetidine. In an additional study, histamine, histamine agonists and antagonists were tested on the spontaneous and the potassium-activated outflow of 3H noradrenaline from rat hypothalamic slices. Histamine did not modify this outflow significantly, whereas the H1-agonist 2-(2-pyridyl)-ethylamine, produced a marked, dose-related increase in both the spontaneous and the potassium stimulated release of noradrenaline. The H2-receptor blocker, cimetidine, also exerted a moderate but statistically significant stimulatory effect in this system. In combination studies, the noradrenaline-releasing action of these compounds could not he reversed by the selectively acting histaminic or antihistaminic agents, showing that this effect does not relate to the histaminic or antihistaminic property of the compound. It is becoming clear that histamine exerts a direct stimulatory effect on hypothalamic adenylate cyclase. The noradrenaline-releasing potency of some histaminic and antihistaminic agents showed that these compounds might modify the clear histamine effects through the release of other transmitter amines. PMID- 7246344 TI - Biochemical studies on histaminergic systems in mammalian brains. AB - The effects of (+/-) alpha-fluoromethylhistidine (alpha-FMH), a new histidine decarboxylase (HD) inhibitor, were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Following a preincubation with (+/-) alpha-FMH, brain HD-activity was progressively inhibited and could not be restored by dialysis, thus indicating the irreversible nature of this inhibition. Moreover, in vivo, a single intraperitoneal dose of 20 mg/kg of (+/-) alpha-FMH induced a complete and rapid loss of HD activity in gastric and brain tissues. The time-course of recovery was different according to the tissue studied. At a dose of 100 mg/kg (+/-) alpha-FMH did not modify histamine-N-methyl transferase (HMT), DOPA decarboxylase and glutamate decarboxylase activities. A high affinity binding of 3H-histamine was seen in particulate fractions from rat brains. The regional and subcellular distributions of these binding sites indicate that they are not related to HMT. They are likely to represent post synaptic HA-receptors in view of their decrease after kainate-induced degeneration of neuronal perikarya in the striatum and their increase following interruption of the histaminergic inputs which suggested a denervation hypersensitivity. However, their pharmacological specificity was distinct from either H1- or H2-receptors and the possibility of a modified conformational state of HA-receptors was raised by the selective effect of guanylnucleotides. PMID- 7246346 TI - In vivo formation of histamine phosphopyridoxal cyclic compounds. AB - A possibility of in vivo formation of cyclic compounds between histamine (Hi) given i.p. and endogenous pyridoxal (PL) or pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) has been studied. Cyclic compounds of Hi with PL or PLP were found in all tissues examined. Although an increase in Hi levels in tissues enhances the formation of cyclic compounds, no simple relationship between the rate of formation and Hi concentration has been observed. The reaction seems to be limited by endogenous PLP. The cyclic products Hi-PL and Hi-PLP were discovered in urine. It is suggested that the process of cyclic compound formation may reduce PLP resources, resulting in a modification of PLP-enzyme activities. PMID- 7246348 TI - [Pathogenesis of trachoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246347 TI - Effect of histamine on the mitogenic response of human lymphocytes and its modification by cimetidine and levamisole. AB - The phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) mitogenic response of human blood lymphocytes demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition by histamine (in the range 5 X 10(-7) M). Using suboptimal mitogenic doses of PHA the suppression was more pronounced. Stimulation using different doses of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was not altered by histamine. Purified T cells and a lymphocyte population depleted of histamine receptor-bearing cells were less sensitive to the histamine effect. In the supernatants of histamine-stimulated cultures, suppressor factor activity was found. Cimetidine could reverse the effect of histamine in a dose-dependent manner. Adding levamisole to the PHA cultures also produced some antihistaminic effect. PMID- 7246349 TI - [Studies on diabetic retinopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246350 TI - [Controls of choroidal circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246351 TI - [Pathology of choroidal circulatory disturbance. Part 1. Angioarchitecture of the choroid, observation on plastic cast preparation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246352 TI - [Pathology of choroidal circulatory disturbance. Part 2. Deprivation of the choroidal blood flow and its recovery, an experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246353 TI - [Pathology of choroidal circulatory disturbance. Part 3. Experimental choroidal circulatory disturbance, histopathological study of retino-choroidal lesion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246354 TI - [Pathology of choroidal circulatory disturbance. Part 4. Chorioretinopathy in choroidal circulatory disorders, clinical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246355 TI - [Criticism of various accommodogenous theories on school myopia. Judging from explanation on emmetropization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246356 TI - [Studies on cone dark adaptation function. (1) Analysis of normal eyes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246357 TI - [A statistic study of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246359 TI - [A case of hemosiderotic glaucoma, histopathological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246360 TI - [Mechanisms of hyperosmotic retinal detachment (Marmor phenomenon) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246358 TI - [Aqueous humor dynamics in man studied by topical fluorescein: an analysis by a method of least squares (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246361 TI - [Experimental investigations of the late effects of ionizing radiation on the cornea. I. Histopathological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246362 TI - [Aphakic retinal detachment. I. General review of the cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246363 TI - [Distribution by refraction and age of flap tear type retinal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246364 TI - [Refraction and age distribution of hole type retinal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246365 TI - [Sex distribution of patients affected by retinal detachment. Its relation to refraction and age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246366 TI - [Study of lattice degeneration of the retina. Part I. Clinical features of lattice degeneration of the retina without retinal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246367 TI - [Clinical application of EER (electrically evoked response). Analysis of EER in patients with optic nerve disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246368 TI - [Foster Kennedy syndrome and temporal arteritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246369 TI - [Bullous keratopathy after the operation for myopia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246370 TI - [Histoplasmin skin test sensitivity in exudative maculopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246372 TI - [Effects of pilocarpine and carteolol, a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent on human aqueous humor dynamics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246371 TI - [Effect of meridional defocus on the pattern reversal VECP (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246373 TI - [Analysis of specular photomicrograph with a graph pen digitizer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246374 TI - [Reversible inhibition of phagocytosis of cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells by cytochalasin B and colchicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246375 TI - [The pattern of miniature eye movements made by normal persons during binocular fixation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246376 TI - [Development of junctional complex in cultured pigment epithelial cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246377 TI - [Aphakic retinal detachment. High incidence of macular hole (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246378 TI - [A study of the photoreceptor cell and retinal pigment epithelium of rats with severe vitamin E deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246379 TI - [Timolol maleate: pharmacokinetic analysis of ocular penetration in the rabbit eye and effects on human aqueous humor dynamics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246380 TI - [Studies on choroidal circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7246381 TI - Variations in plasma level of sexual steroids during the oviposition cycle in laying hens (Gallus domesticus). PMID- 7246382 TI - Abnormal electrocardiograms in leucotic cattle. PMID- 7246383 TI - [Isolation of rabies virus from common hamster (Cricetus cricetus) in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7246384 TI - [Peroral infection with rabies virus in fox and domestic cat]. PMID- 7246385 TI - [Experimental prerequisites and technic of peroral antirabies immunization of wild Carnivora. I. Preliminary studies on laboratory animals]. PMID- 7246386 TI - [Modifications of the quantitative method used at the Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitis for the determination of immunogenic activity of antirabies vaccine in mice]. PMID- 7246388 TI - Experimental studies on early-weaned lambs. II. Nitrogen and amino acid metabolism. PMID- 7246389 TI - Changes of plasma progesterone and testosterone level in chicken (Gallus domesticus) from the first day of life to the beginning of oviposition. PMID- 7246387 TI - Experimental studies on early-weaned lambs. I. Development of gastric digestion and metabolic changes during weaning. PMID- 7246390 TI - [Physiopathological and therapeutic aspects of vitamin D (author's transl)]. AB - In the last decade our knowledge on vitamin D has grown considerably due to the identification of numerous steps of the vitamin D metabolism and to the isolation and synthesis of active metabolites. Therefore a lot of progress had been made in the understanding of the physiological mechanism of regulating blood calcium homeostasis and of the pathogenesis of many related diseases. The diseases connected to the calcium-phosphate metabolism requiring treatment with vitamin D and its metabolites are numerous. The basis for a rational therapeutic approach is provided by the new concepts on the pathogensis of the various diseases and on the pharmacology of vitamin D metabolites. Pure vitamin D depletion may be controlled with physiological doses of vitamin D. Administration of 25-OHD3 is advisable in chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis accompanied by a defect of 25 hydroxylation and/or intestinal loss of the metabolite. A defect in the synthesis of 1,25-(OH)2D3, the metabolite of renal origin, is present in an interesting and wide group of diseases. These are: chronic renal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, hypocalcemic D-resistant rickets and senile or post menopausal osteoporosis. In the treatment of this group of diseases, which sometimes is of a preventive nature, it is preferable to administer the dihydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D. The results of treatments and prevention in a few selected conditions are reported. PMID- 7246391 TI - [Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism treatable with B group vitamins: synoptic aspects]. PMID- 7246392 TI - [Vitamins in preventive medicine. Introduction]. PMID- 7246393 TI - [Prophylactic and therapeutic use of vitamins in diabetes (author's transl)]. AB - The hypothesis that diabetes mellitus is a syndrome has been confirmed by recent physiopathological studies. In idiopathic diabetes differences in the genetic status and in the alternations of the beta cells allow to identify two completely different diseases: type 1 (or juvenile) diabetes and type II (or adult) diabetes. On the basis of the differences in the physiopathology of the different types of diabetes, the usefulness of vitamin supplementation for prophylaxis and therapy is discussed. The nutritional intake of thiamine is, for instance, recommended for patients suffering from the type II disease. Riboflavin deficiency has recently been observed in rat experimental diabetes as well as in human type II diabetes; the vitamin deficiency seems to be relevant in connection with functional alterations of pancreatic beta-cells. Other water-soluble vitamins are known to be involved in the pathogenesis and evolution of diabetes mellitus. Among the fat-soluble vitamins, retinol ought to be mentioned because of its importance in the mechanism of synthesis of pre-collagen and in view of the alterations in collagen and glycoprotein synthesis which accompany diabetes. Moreover, a diminished secretion of insulin has been described together with vitamins deficiences. The critical analysis of these data enables the diabetologist to define a reliable program for the prophylaxis and treatment of different kinds of diabetes. PMID- 7246394 TI - [Drug-induced avitaminoses and their prevention (author's transl)]. AB - The concept of "drug induced avitaminoses" originates from the observation that drugs may cause vitamin deficiencies. These avitaminoses belong to the "iatrogenic disvitaminoses" and can be subdivided into two groups since they may either represent unwanted side effects of a drug or may be utilized for therapeutical purpose. In the latter case they can be considered as "planned avitaminoses". All drugs are generally able to produce a deficiency of one or more vitamins and therefore have a "devitaminizing power". It would be desirable to quantify this property of drugs in terms of a "devitaminization index". Knowledge of this index, which should be acquired for new drugs during clinical research, is of primary importance since it allows to adapt the dosage and use of the drug to the vitaminic status of the patient and enables to foresee and prevent damages due to vitamin deficiency. Drug induced avitaminioses are produced more easily and are more severe if the devitaminizing power of the drug and its dosage are high, the therapy is long and the vitaminic status of the patient is optimal. Many subjects (old people, children, etc.) have an elevated risk of avitaminoses. Drug induced avitaminoses are produced by mechanisms acting both at the intestinal level (absorption, endogenous production, etc.) and at the tissue level (metabolism, utilization, etc.). Some of the mechanisms have not been completely clarified. These avitaminoses are numerous and frequent, but their prevention is relatively easy and always achievable. They constitute a new disease and cause an additional damage with respect to the primary illness. The social and economic aspects of this damage are evident considering that many pharmacological profilactic and therapeutic treatments of social illnesses, such as diabetes, tuberculosis, epilepsy, rheumatic diseases, etc. have a devitaminizing power. It is clear therefore that this pathology is particularly important in preventive medicine and that it must be known not only by practitioners and biologists but also outside the medical field. PMID- 7246396 TI - [B-complex vitamins an the prophylaxis of metabolic diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The role of the vitamins of the B group in the therapy of metabolic diseases has been the theme of a recent symposium. All these vitamins exert essential functions in the balance of the intermediary metabolism and consequently in the treatment of their disorders. As far as metabolic diseases and the use of vitamins, i.e. of biological substances, are concerned, the boundaries between the fields of therapy and prophylaxis are difficult to settle strictly. The recent literature concerning these points is reviewed and some concepts discussed. PMID- 7246397 TI - Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of tachydysrhythmias in children. PMID- 7246395 TI - [Vitamin D in the prevention of growth disorders]. AB - A recent therapeutic development consists in the utilization of vitamins as pharmacological agents in the treatment of a variety of diseases. The growth defect accompanying deficiency rickets and other forms of refractory rickets can be prevented or corrected, at least partially, by the use of high doses of its metabolites, 25 OH D3, 1,25 (OH)2 D3, 1 OH D3. On the basis of many published studies and of a few patients personally observed it is possible to delineate the form and the dosage of these drugs for the treatment of vitamin D dependent rickets and of the bone lesions in renal insufficiency, in familial hypophosphatemic rickets and in complex tubulopaties. In some of these a dietetic treatment in association with vitamin D or its metabolites may be essential. PMID- 7246398 TI - Prolonged QT interval--ventricular tachycardia syndrome from massive rapid weight loss utilizing the liquid-protein-modified-fast diet: sudden death with sinus node ganglionitis and neuritis. PMID- 7246399 TI - Clinical evidence of prostaglandin E2 antiarrhythmic properties. PMID- 7246400 TI - Clinical recordings of monophasic action potentials: demonstration of intra atrial conduction block in the sinus node region and possible role in reentrant supraventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7246401 TI - Systemic embolization from a mitral valve papillary endocardial fibroma detected by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7246402 TI - Postural-related supraventricular tachyarrhythmia in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome. PMID- 7246403 TI - M-mode echographic detection of pulmonic valve infective endocarditis. PMID- 7246404 TI - Thrombotic occlusion of coronary aneurysms in kawasaki disease: sequential angiographic demonstration. PMID- 7246405 TI - Hemodynamic cardiac constriction without anatomic myocardial restriction or pericardial constriction. PMID- 7246406 TI - Limited reliability of calibrated signals in ECG and VCG interpretations. PMID- 7246407 TI - Lack of response of salt taste threshold and preference to dietary sodium restriction in mild hypertension. PMID- 7246408 TI - Mitral valve prolapse: primary, secondary, both or neither? PMID- 7246409 TI - Prolonged QT interval at onset of acute myocardial infarction in predicting early phase ventricular tachycardia. AB - The prospectively assessed time course of changes in ventricular repolarization during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is reported in 32 patients admitted 2.0 +/- 1.8 (SD) hours after AMI onset. The initial corrected QT interval (QTc) upon hospitalization was longer (0.52 +/- 0.07 seconds) in the 14 patients developing ventricular tachycardia (VT) within the first 48 hours as compared to QTc (0.47 +/- 0.03 seconds) in the eight patients with frequent ventricular premature beats (VPBs) and to QTc (0.46 +/- 0.03 seconds) in the 10 patients with infrequent VPBs (p less than 0.001; analysis of variance). By the fifth day after AMI onset, the QTc shortened significantly only in the VT group, suggesting a greater initial abnormality of repolarization in these patients. All 32 patients had coronary angiography, radionuclide ventriculography, and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy before hospital discharge. Significant discriminating factors related to early phase VT in AMI included initially longer QT and QTc intervals, faster heart rate, higher peak serum levels of creatine kinase, acute anterior infarction, angiographically documented proximal stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery, and scintigraphic evidence of hypoperfusion of the interventricular septum. Prior infarction, angina pectoris, hypertension, multivessel coronary artery disease, and depressed left ventricular ejection fraction did not provide discrimination among the three different ventricular arrhythmia AMI groups. We conclude that (1) the QT interval is frequently prolonged early in AMI, (2) the initial transiently prolonged ventricular repolarization facilitates and predicts complex ventricular tachyarrhythmias within the first 48 hours of AMI, (3) jeopardized blood supply to the interventricular septum frequently coexists, and (4) therapeutic enhancement of rapid recovery of the ventricular repolarization process merits investigation for prevention of VT in AMI. PMID- 7246410 TI - Serial plasma catecholamine response early in the course of clinical acute myocardial infarction: relationship to infarct extent and mortality. AB - Clinical and experimental evidence suggest that sympathoadrenal activation contributes to mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease. To determine the level of sympathoadrenal activation in the very early phase of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to determine if location of infarction (anterior versus inferior) was related to sympathoadrenal activation, we studied norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) within 4 hours after the onset of symptoms and prior to any rise in plasma creatine kinase (CK). Mean (+/- SE) initial (NE = 591 +/- 111 pg/ml and E = 73 +/- 19 pg/ml), peak (NE = 1356 +/- 178 and E +/- 1098 +/- 608) and average (NE = 815 +/- 142 and E = 252 +/- 68) plasma catecholamine concentrations were considerably above normal (NE = 228 +/- 10 and E = 34 +/- 2 pg/ml, n 60) and values were similar for inferior and anterior infarctions. During an 18-month follow-up, three patients died in whom the AMI mean NE and E and peak CK were higher than in the eight late survivors. Thus the three AMI patients with peak EP values greater than 1000 died, whereas the eight AMI patients with peak EP values less than 1000 survived (p less than 0.01). The magnitude of sympathoadrenal activation early in the course of clinical AMI appeared related to the extent of myocardial damage and late mortality. PMID- 7246411 TI - Contrast enhancement of thallium-201 myocardial scintigrams: improved sensitivity with diminished specificity in coronary disease detection. AB - Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy (TMS) has become an increasingly popular noninvasive technique with a high diagnostic specificity, but a somewhat lower sensitivity for coronary disease (CAD) detection. Many centers now routinely employ computer techniques to contrast enhance scintigrams, but the resulting changes in sensitivity and specificity have not been carefully evaluated. In the present study, three observers with different levels of experience blindly interpreted both unprocessed and enhanced exercise TMS from 40 patients with CAD and from 15 without significant obstructions. The sensitivity for CAD achieved by each observer was higher with the enhanced scintigrams (increase from an average of 80% to 93%), but there was concomitant loss of specificity (from 93% to 73%). Similarly, significant changes were present in the sensitivity and specificity with which ischemic regions were diagnosed. In addition, contrast enhancement facilitated interpretation of TMS studies, particularly in making comparisons between exercise scintigrams and subsequent rest or redistribution images. Contrast enhancement affected the interpretations of the inexperienced observer most significantly. We conclude that contrast enhancement improves TMS sensitivity but results in some loss of specificity. The variable effect of enhancement on observers with different levels of experience suggests that laboratories should critically evaluate their own results before routinely employing computer processing. PMID- 7246415 TI - Acute effects of intravenous furosemide administration on serum digoxin concentration. AB - The effect of intravenous (IV) furosemide (2.5 mg/kg) on serum digoxin concentration, urine flow rate, and myocardial contractility and rhythm was studied in normal dogs and dogs treated with digoxin. Furosemide IV to animals which had not been receiving digoxin resulted in increased urine flow rate from 0.11 +/- 0.03 to 0.43 +/- 0.1 ml/min/kg, but had no effect on myocardial contractility, blood pressure, or cardiac rhythm. Furosemide IV to animals with steady-state therapeutic serum concentrations of digoxin (2.0 +/- 0.58 ng/ml) increased urine flow similarly but did not significantly alter serum digoxin concentration, blood pressure, myocardial contractility, or cardiac rhythm. Thus, contrary to some previous reports, furosemide does not interact with digoxin to produce an elevation in serum digoxin concentration or enhancement of the glycoside's myocardial action. PMID- 7246414 TI - Digoxin uptake into peripheral autonomic cardiac nerves: possible mechanism of digitalis-induced antiarrhythmic and toxic electrophysiologic actions. AB - It is generally accepted that certain cardiac rhythm disturbances are due to imbalances between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. We have provided evidence that digoxin is concentrated in the peripheral nervous system of the heart as well as in the central nervous system. Previous findings have indicated that cardiac glycosides may directly or indirectly affect autonomic neurotransmitters. Therefore the uptake of digoxin into the peripheral cardiac nervous system may play an important role in both the antiarrhythmic and toxic electrophysiologic actions of digoxin. PMID- 7246412 TI - Effects of nifedipine on conduction delay during ventricular myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. AB - Nifedipine has been suggested to have more potent slow channel blocking action than other agents of this type. However, its use in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias has been limited. Electrophysiologic studies on AV conduction have shown that nifedipine lacks any significant effect. However, the action of the drug on intraventricular conduction has not been investigated with regard to its potential in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias especially during ischemia. Therefore, the effects of nifedipine on conduction delay during ischemia and reperfusion were assessed in the present study. Sixteen dogs (eight control and eight nifedipine-treated dogs) were used. Transmural electrodes were positioned in normal, ischemic, and reperfused tissue, and at the border of these segments. The left anterior descending artery was initially ligated below the second diagonal branch (first ligation) and 30 minutes later below the first diagonal branch (second ligation); the second ligation was released 30 minutes later. Conduction of electrically induced premature impulses from the midwall of the left ventricle was recorded at epicardial and endocardial sites. Conduction delay was measured from the stimulus artifact to the first high-frequency deflection in each zone in the anterograde (base to apex) and retrograde (apex to base) directions. Intravenous nifedipine 0.1 mg/kg was given over 10 minutes immediately after the first ligation. Nifedipine slightly decreased the magnitude of conduction delay in the ischemic myocardium at 15 minutes of ischemia, which corresponded with the peak plasma nifedipine level. However, conduction delay throughout the remainder of the study was essentially unaltered by nifedipine. In conclusion, though nifedipine may improve ischemic myocardial metabolism, infarct size, and hemodynamics, the effect on the electrophysiologic parameters affecting conduction was insignificant. This lack of any further deterioration in conduction in the ischemic and reperfused tissue by the drug further attests to its safety during acute myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7246413 TI - Effects of lidocaine on regional intraventricular conduction in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Studies of isolated heart muscle and canine models of myocardial ischemia have demonstrated that lidocaine slows conduction in abnormal but not in normal tissues. To determine lidocaine's effects on intraventricular conduction (IVENT) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), we studied this agent in seven patients following left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) bypass surgery. Epicardial electrodes were placed on the right atrium, left ventricle (LV) in the distribution of the LAD, and on the right ventricle (RV). On postoperative day 7, lidocaine was administered as 100 mg bolus followed by 4 mg/minute infusion for 2 hours. At constant atrially paced rate, bipolar electrograms were recorded from the LV and RV for the 2 hours of infusion and for 2 hours after discontinuation of infusion. Conduction intervals were measured from the earliest onset of QRS in three simultaneously recorded surface ECG leads to the major deflection of the electrogram from each ventricle. At peak effect, with mean lidocaine level of 2.7 +/- 0.5 mg/ml, lidocaine slowed LV conduction by a mean of 6 +/- 1 msec (14 +/- 2%) (p less than 0.001) and in the RV by 1 +/- 0.3 msec (4 +/- 1%) (p less than 0.01), QRS duration changed 1 +/- 1 msec) 1 +/- 1%) (NS). The values returned to baseline within 2 hours after discontinuation of lidocaine infusion. The difference in lidocaine's effect between the diseased LV and the normal RV was significant (p less than 0.001). PMID- 7246416 TI - M-mode echocardiographic observations in active bacterial endocarditis limited to the aortic valve. AB - Analysis of 37 M-mode echocardiograms recorded during the period of active bacterial endocarditis (ABE) involving the aortic valve (AV) in 17 patients disclosed one or more echocardiographic abnormalities involving the aortic valve cusps or their immediate vicinity in 15 (88%), including "shaggy" echoes indicative of vegetations in 12 (71%). Of the 12 patients with echocardiographic evidence of AV vegetation, 11 developed overt congestive heart failure (CHF) and either died or had AV replacement, and seven had clinical events compatible with systemic emboli; of the five patients without echo-demonstrated vegetations, only one had CHF, none had AV replacement, two died, and one had a systemic embolus. In comparison to our previously reported echocardiographic observations in patients with ABE involving either the mitral (29 patients) or tricuspid valve (23 patients), infection involving the AV was far more liable to produce overt CHF and systemic emboli, to necessitate valve replacement, and to cause death during the period of active infection. PMID- 7246417 TI - Determinants of ventricular refractory periods in children with congenital heart disease: effects of cycle length and age. AB - Ventricular effective refractory periods (ERP) and functional refractory periods (FRP) were determined by programmed ventricular extrastimulation in 53 pediatric patients with a spectrum of congenital heart disorders. Of these 63 children (ages 8 months to 18 years), 38 were preoperative, 17 had repair of their cardiac lesion via right ventriculotomy, and eight were postoperative without a ventriculotomy. We demonstrated that there was a linear relationship between the cycle length and ventricular refractory periods. The regression equations 73 + 0.29 x cycle length (msec) for the ventricular ERP (msec) and 80 + 0.30 x cycle length (msec) for ventricular FRP (msec) were found to define the determined properties of ventricular refractory periods (VRP) in children. These VRP characteristics were independent of age in children less than 13 years of age. PMID- 7246418 TI - Long-term evaluation of persistent supraventricular tachycardia in children: clinical and electrocardiographic features. AB - Although the long-term prognosis of children with persistent supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) has been generally considered benign, recent reports have suggested that some of these patients may develop cardiac dysfunction secondary to their persistent SVT. The clinical course of six children demonstrating ECG criteria of persistent SVT are presented herein with follow-up data for 5 to 20 years. Persistent SVT was present in each patient from 2 to 19 years. Two patients had transient congestive heart failure early in their course of persistent SVT, and two others demonstrated continued roentgenographic evidence of mild cardiomegaly without associated symptomatology. Conventional antiarrhythmics administered briefly in five patients and chronically in two were without effect on their arrhythmias. Persistent SVT remains in three patients and a fourth continues to exhibit intermittent episodes of SVT; however, all six patients are currently asymptomatic with two in stable normal sinus rhythm. This investigation indicates that the persistent form of SVT (lasting more than 1 year) is uncommon among children with paroxysmal SVT, and long-term observation of the consequences of persistent SVT supports the view that this rhythm disturbance is generally well tolerated in such patients. PMID- 7246420 TI - Animals in pharmaceutical research. PMID- 7246419 TI - Presentation, management, and follow-up evaluation of infective endocarditis in drug addicts. PMID- 7246421 TI - Preclearance of drug products--pharmacy's perspective. PMID- 7246422 TI - A pharmacist's primer on drug utilization review. PMID- 7246424 TI - Plan your profits for the next three years. PMID- 7246423 TI - Estrogens: a generation of use. PMID- 7246425 TI - Toxicologic evaluation of thermoplastic resins at and above processing temperatures. PMID- 7246426 TI - Toxicokinetics of nickel in rats after intratracheal administration of a soluble and insoluble form. AB - Ninety day laboratory studies were performed to determine the whole body distribution of two chemical forms of nickel in female Wistar rats. A single injections of 15 microCi of 63Ni, either NiCl2 as a solution or NiO as a suspension, 100 nmoles in each case, was administered intratracheally. Rats were sacrificed at post-exposure intervals of 0.5, 2, and 8 hours, 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days, and major organs and tissues were analyzed for 63Ni by liquid scintillation counting technique. The soluble NiCl2 was readily distributed throughout the body, and rapidly cleared from the tissues. The insoluble NiO was distributed slowly to other organs from pulmonary tissues. The rate of decline of 63Ni from various organs in the case of NiO was similar to that of NiCl2, with notable exceptions being the lung and associated lymph nodes. After NiO administration, these organs showed a high retention of nickel after 90 days. Results indicated that Ni in soluble form was rapidly absorbed from the site of deposition following pulmonary exposure, whereas, Ni in its oxide or insoluble form was retained in lungs and related lymphatics for a considerable period. The amount of Ni in other organs following NiO exposure, though initially low in all tissues, declined in a fashion similar to organs following NiCl2 exposure. This suggests that NiO was possibly converted to a soluble form of Ni before it was translocated from lungs to other organs, and that low environmental levels of insoluble forms of nickel, which persist in the lung and lymph nodes, do have the potential for assimilation in these tissues. PMID- 7246427 TI - Worker exposure to styrene monomer in the reinforced plastic boat-making industry. AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted an industrial hygiene study of workers exposed to styrene monomer in the fiberglass reinforced plastic boat industry. This industry was chosen for study because of its length of operation and the high styrene monomer exposures experienced by these workers. The objective of the study was to provide extent of exposure data for specific jobs by including plants representing a cross-section of the industry. Industrial hygiene surveys were conducted at seven plants. Overall exposure to styrene monomer ranged from 2 parts per million (ppm) to 183 ppm. Mean exposures for the four primary job categories of hull lamination, deck lamination, small parts lamination and gel coating were found to be 78 ppm, 67 ppm, 44 ppm and 48 ppm respectively. PMID- 7246428 TI - Combined effects of ozone and nitrogen dioxide on respiratory function in man. AB - Ten young adult males were exposed to either filtered air or 0.50 ppm ozone plus 0.50 ppm NO2 in filtered air under four environmental conditions: 25 degree C, 45 % rh; 30 degrees C, 85% rh; 35 degrees C, 40% rh; and 40 degrees C, 50% rh. There were eight 2-hour exposures per subject. After 1 hour of sitting exposure the subjects exercised for 30 minutes (35-40% predicted maximum capacity) which increased ventilatory exchange to approximately 40 L/min (BTPS). Pulmonary function tests were performed before, during, and after exposure. Metabolism and ventilation were determined during the last 15 minutes of exercise. A symptom questionnaire was completed at the termination of each exposure following reexamination by a physician. There was a decrease in vital capacity, inspiratory capacity, and several flow-related measures of lung function during exposure. The response to exposure to the combined pollutants (O3 and NO2) was similar to that observed in ozone exposures alone. No synergism was observed. PMID- 7246429 TI - Occupational noise exposure and hearing levels. AB - A study was made at the Bhabha Atomic Research Center to measure the hearing levels of persons working in a noisy environment. Two different workplaces, central air-conditioning plant and glass flowing shops, where a number of persons were exposed to noise levels exceeding 85 dB(A) were chosen. The occupational exposure to noise was determined using a sound level meter, an octave band filter and a personal noise dose meter. The hearing levels of persons exposed to these high levels of noise and a control group not exposed to occupational noise were measured by means of a pure-tone audiometer in a specially-build booth. These persons, aged between 20 to 60 years, were divided into four age groups for the study. The low ambient noise levels in the booth were measured using correlation technique since such low signals cannot be detected by an ordinary sound level meter. The audiometric findings and the results of the noise level survey are discussed in this paper. PMID- 7246430 TI - Effect of whole-body vertical vibration on manual dexterity test results. PMID- 7246432 TI - Resolution and accuracy in two dimensional echocardiography. AB - The resolution and accuracy of commercially available two dimensional echocardiographic systems were tested by imaging two types of in vitro test objects. One consisted of a series of fine parallel threads spaced at known intervals and the other was a tissue phantom in which a series of holes of known size had been cut. The echocardiographic systems tested included a mechanical single element sector scanner, a three element rotary sector scanner and a phased array system. Azimuthal resolution, lateral resolution and accuracy of horizontal distance measurements were assessed at depths of 2 and 6 cm. For each system, azimuthal resolution was better than lateral resolution, especially when assessed with use of the parallel threads. When the tissue phantom was imaged, the best resolution (2 mm in azimuthal and lateral directions) was obtained with the highest frequency transducer tested (3.5 MHz). The apparent size of a tissue defect was sensitive to gain settings, especially at a depth of 2 cm with lower frequency transducers; at a depth of 6 cm, echographic measurements of defect size were accurate to within 2.5 mm. Recent applications of two dimensional echocardiography require near the apparent limits of current equipment. It is recommended that the highest frequency transducer and lowest possible gain settings be used in these situations. PMID- 7246431 TI - Noninvasive assessment of left ventricular performance in patients with ischemic heart disease: ear densitographic study during uninterrupted treadmill exercise. AB - Among 738 consecutive patients with chest pain referred for exercise testing, only 17 men fulfilled strict criteria for this pilot study: (1) achievement of at least 90 percent of age-predicted maximal heart rate or electrocardiographic criteria for a positive test; (2) subsequent coronary angiography; (3) exclusion of prior heart disease; and (4) absence of medication. Measurements of systolic time intervals obtained with ear densitography during early exercise differentiated 10 patients with coronary artery disease (Group 1) from 17 men (7 patients plus 10 normal volunteers) with normal coronary arteries (Group 2). Despite nearly identical heart rate and blood pressure responses in both groups, men in Group 1 had a significantly greater reduction of preejection period (PEP) at 1 minute and 4 minutes as well as a greater decrease in PEP/LVET (left ventricular ejection time) ratio. Differences were most significant when expressed as percent change of PEP/LVET ratio from control value (p less than 0.001 at both 1 minute and 4 minutes). After 4 minutes, men in Group 1 had no further decrease in PEP/LVET ratio and in 8 of the 10 men PEP/LVET ratio then increased to peak exercise. By contrast, PEP/LVET ratio continued to decrease to peak exercise in men in Group 2. The early floor in PEP/LVET ratio in Group 1 represents limited functional reserve and the subsequent increase suggests functional deterioration. Thus, densitographic systolic time interval measurements during uninterrupted exercise in unmedicated subjects appear to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the conventional treadmill test. PMID- 7246433 TI - Relation between aortic arch hypoplasia of variable severity and central muscular ventricular septal defects: emphasis on associated left ventricular abnormalities. AB - Among 25 heart specimens with a central muscular ventricular septal defect (including 3 with the architecture of a spontaneously closed defect), only 6 (24 percent) had an aortic arch of normal size and configuration. Isthmus atresia was present in one case, isthmus hypoplasia in eight cases, local coarctation in six and a combination of isthmus hypoplasia and local coarctation in another four. A study of the left ventricular morphologic features of the 25 hearts revealed the presence of a spectrum of additional anomalies. The aortic valve was bicuspid in 16 and mitral valve anomalies were present in 13 specimens. Mitral valve deformities present in the 13 specimens included congenital stenosis (5), deficient chordae tendineae (4), parachute valve (2), adherent valve leaflets (1) and a hypoplastic posteromedial papillary muscle (1). Furthermore, there was a large incidence of abnormal left ventricular muscular structures that could be classified into three basic types: (1) the anteroseptal "twist": thickening and deviation of the anterobasal septum and anterior wall, resulting in a relatively posterior position of the aortic ostium (16 cases); (2) a prominent anterolateral muscle (9 cases); and (3) a posteromedial muscle (9 cases). It is concluded that a central muscular ventricular septal defect is not an isolated malformation but is commonly part of a complex developmental anomaly. This complex of associated inflow and outflow tract lesions presumably may cause reduced aortic flow during morphogenesis, resulting in aortic arch hypoplasia of various degrees of severity. PMID- 7246435 TI - Clinical efficacy of verapamil alone and combined with propranolol in treating patients with chronic stable angina pectoris. PMID- 7246434 TI - Provocative testing with ergonovine to assess the efficacy of treatment with nifedipine, diltiazem and verapamil in variant angina. PMID- 7246436 TI - Angina pectoris: effects of lidoflazine on exercise tolerance and chest pain. AB - In a double-blind study involving 24 patients, treatment with lidoflazine in comparison with placebo was associated with a significant improvement in exercise tolerance; the median increase in work performed was 62 percent. This increase was significant at the 6th week of assessment. Ten patients were followed up for a further 2 years. Lidoflazine therapy was associated with a significant improvement in work done over that period. Lidoflazine was well tolerated and apparent adverse effects were minor. PMID- 7246437 TI - Pharmacokinetics of lorcainide, a new antiarrhythmic drug, in patients with cardiac rhythm disorders. AB - Lorcainide, a new class I antiarrhythmic drug, was administered intravenously to 10 patients with a documented history of ventricular arrhythmias. Three patients had arrhythmias resistant to all conventional antiarrhythmic drugs; in all other patients except one, previous antiarrhythmic drug therapy had to be discontinued because of poor efficacy or unacceptable adverse effects. Lorcainide was injected in incremental doses of 25 mg every 15 minutes and a dose of 182.4 +/- 26.5 mg (mean +/- standard deviation) of the drug was given. Lorcainide reduced the frequency of premature ventricular complexes in a dose-dependent manner. Plasma samples were analyzed for the drug concentrations which ranged from 0.31 to 1.14 mg/liter during the loading phase. Distribution and elimination of lorcainide follow a biexponential pattern and a fourfold intersubject variability in the pharmacokinetics of the drug was observed in these patients. The plasma half-life ranged from 6.2 to 23.1 hours (mean 13.1 +/- 5.0). Three patients are currently being treated orally with lorcainide. These data suggest that lorcainide is an effective antiarrhythmic drug with desirable pharmacokinetic properties, and long term definitive studies are recommended. PMID- 7246438 TI - Amrinone and exercise performance in patients with chronic heart failure. PMID- 7246440 TI - Hemodynamic comparison of intravenous amrinone and dobutamine in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. AB - Amrinone, a new inotropic agent, has been shown to be beneficial in patients with congestive heart failure. However, its hemodynamic effects have not been compared with those those of currently useful catecholamines. In this study, the effects of intravenously administered dobutamine and amrinone were compared in eight patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure. Dobutamine was infused with a maximal increase in cardiac index was reached for undesirable effects were produced. This dose was then continued for 8 hours. After a return of hemodynamic values to baseline level, amrinone was infused at a rate of 40 microgram/kg per min for 1 hour and then 10 microgram/kg per min for 24 hours. Both drugs significantly improved cardiac index while simultaneously decreasing systemic vascular resistance and right atrial and pulmonary wedge pressures (p less than 0.05). Initially no differences could be found between the drugs. However, with prolonged infusion amrinone produced a sustained improvement whereas dobutamine had a decreased effectiveness. Thus, amrinone is comparable in effect with the optimal dose of dobutamine and would appear to be an extremely promising drug in the acute treatment of severe congestive heart failure. PMID- 7246439 TI - Alterations in left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction at rest and during exercise in patients with aortic regulation. PMID- 7246441 TI - Nifedipine blockade of ergonovine-induced coronary arterial spasm: angiographic documentation. AB - To determine whether calcium-flux blockade with nifedipine blunts coronary vasospasm, four patients with angiographically demonstrable coronary arterial spasm in the absence of significant fixed coronary arterial stenosis were evaluated with coronary arteriography before and after treatment with nifedipine. After initial coronary arteriography, ergonovine was administered in successive doses of 0.05, 0.1 and (when necessary) 0.2 mg intravenously at 3 minute intervals. Three patients had symptomatic high grade focal coronary arterial spasm with electrocardiographic changes, and the fourth exhibited asymptomatic 60 percent constriction of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A maximal ergonovine challenge was repeated 30 minutes later after each patient had been pretreated with a 20 mg sublingual dose of nifedipine. Under these conditions, no patient had chest pain or electrocardiographic changes. Furthermore, neither focal nor diffuse coronary arterial spasm was demonstrable angiographically after the second challenge. Thus, in each case, a single dose of nifedipine precluded the angiographic expression of ergonovine-provoked coronary arterial spasm. PMID- 7246442 TI - Variable threshold of angina during exercise: a clinical manifestation of some patients with vasospastic angina. AB - Two patients complained of chest pain while at rest and during physical activities. However there seemed to be no direct relation between exertional angina and an increasing level of work performed, indicating that these patients had a variable threshold of angina during exercise. In one patient spontaneous chest pain was associated with transient S-T segment changes in precordial leads, and during coronary arteriography the administration of ergonovine induced spasm of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The other patient showed S-T segment elevation in inferior leads during an ergonovine-induced anginal attack and coronary arteriography revealed a spontaneous spasm of the right coronary artery. In both patients repeated exercise tests yielded different results, because the chest pain and S-T segment depression occurred at different work loads with large differences in heart rate-systolic blood pressure product. It is concluded that a variable threshold of angina during exercise is a clinical manifestation in some patients with vasospastic angina and is probably due to the difference in coronary arterial tone at the onset of exercise. PMID- 7246443 TI - Exercise-induced coronary spasm with S-T segment depression and normal coronary arteriography. AB - The unique association of both exercise-induced coronary arterial spasm and S-T segment depression with normal findings on selective coronary arteriography is described. The patient had a prior history of typical effort angina that had recently progressed to angina at rest. Despite the change in anginal pattern, the electrocardiogram disclosed S-T segment depression that was consistent with subendocardial ischemia, during both exercise testing and spontaneous chest pain. Exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy demonstrated the presence of large perfusion defects of the anterior and septal walls of the left ventricle. Coronary arteriographic findings, in the absence of symptoms, were entirely normal. Severe localized, reversible coronary spasm of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery was subsequently demonstrated during spontaneous angina, isometric arm exercise and after the administration of ergonovine maleate. After treatment with isosorbide dinitrate and nifedipine, the patient had no further chest pain or electrocardiographic changes, and a repeated thallium-201 stress test revealed normal findings and greatly improved exercise tolerance. PMID- 7246444 TI - Myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries: a prospective clinical angiographic study. AB - The association of myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries was analyzed prospectively. A series of 259 consecutive men aged 60 years or less underwent selective coronary angiography 30 days after a definite infarct. Coronary arterial lesions were documented in 251 patients, normal coronary arteries in the remaining 8. The latter patients had a significantly lower (p less than 0.001) mean age than the former; no patient older than 50 years had patent coronary arteries, whereas 5 of the 11 patients under age 35 had normal arteries. The prevalence of risk factors was similar in both groups of patients. Although there were no group differences in infarct size or location, patients with normal coronary arteries had a higher ejection fraction (p less than 0.01) and a lower left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (p less than 0.05). A previous history of angina or infarction and the occurrence of new coronary events were confined to patients with coronary arterial lesions. The clinical course of patients presenting with normal angiograms was uneventful. Transient coronary occlusion, the most likely mechanism of infarction in this group of patients, could not be ascribed to either spasm or platelet hyperactivity. PMID- 7246445 TI - Effects of thyroid hormone on left ventricular function in patients treated for thyrotoxicosis. AB - Systolic time intervals, echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular contractile function and serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were measured before treatment in nine patients with hyperthyroidism, and again every 2 weeks for the first 2 months after therapy and then every 4 weeks until the subjects were clinically and chemically euthyroid. Six of the nine became transiently hypothyroid. Although the preejection period corrected for heart rate (preejection period index) increased as the patients became euthyroid, the change was not significant. Preejection period index increased dramatically in the patients becoming hypothyroid (p less than 0.005). Corrected left ventricular ejection time (left ventricular ejection time index) also increased as the patients became euthyroid (p less than 0.001), and increased again with the appearance of hypothyroidism (p less than 0.05). There was a linear correlation between velocity of circumferential fiber shortening and serum triiodothyronine level (r - 0.77) and between velocity of circumferential fiber shortening and serum thyroxine level (r = 0.70) at all stages of thyroid function. Thus thyroid hormone definitely enhances left ventricular function in human beings, and both excess and deficiency cause predictable reversible changes in myocardial contractile function. Thus thyroid hormone definitely enhances left ventricular function in human beings, and both excess and deficiency cause predictable reversible changes in myocardial contractile function. Furthermore echocardiographic measurements of velocity of circumferential fiber shortening provide rapid estimates of the chemical status of thyrotoxic patients before and after treatment. PMID- 7246446 TI - Differential effects of nitroprusside on ischemic and nonischemic myocardial segments demonstrated by computer-assisted two dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7246447 TI - Beneficial effect of amrinone on myocardial oxygen consumption during acute left ventricular failure in dogs. AB - In 11 dogs ischemic left ventricular failure characterized by a 30 percent reduction in cardiac output and a left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of 18 mm Hg or more was produced by proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by serial occlusions of the distal left circumflex coronary artery. Administration of amrinone in an intravenous bolus injection followed by a constant infusion produced improvements in cardiac output (from 1.62 +/- 0.50 to 2.19 +/- 0.52 liters/min [mean +/- standard deviation], p less than 0.05), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (from 21.6 +/- 3.5 to 11.0 +/ 5.4 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) and peak positive rate of rise of left ventricular pressure [dP/dt] (from 1,264 +/- 241 to 1,800 +/- 458 mm Hg.s-1, p less than 0.05). These improvements were maintained throughout the 20 minute period of therapy. No significant alteration in heart rate or arterial pressure was noted. In parallel with the hemodynamic improvement myocardial oxygen consumption improved to 0.094 +/- 0.05 and 0.092 +/- 0.04 vol.min-1.g-1 after 2 and 20 minutes, respectively, of amrinone compared with 0.124 +/- 0.05 during left ventricular failure (both p less than 0.05). The effects of amrinone on left ventricular failure are due to augmented contractility and mild systemic vasodilatation. The reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption during amrinone treated left ventricular failure presumably results from a reduction in ventricular wall tension that more than offsets the effect of an increase in contractility. PMID- 7246448 TI - Coronary steal in four models of single or multiple vessel obstruction in dogs. PMID- 7246449 TI - Clinical, electrocardiographic and follow-up observations in patients having ventricular fibrillation during Holter monitoring. Role of quinidine therapy. AB - Ventricular fibrillation occurred during Holter electrocardiographic monitoring in 5 of 3,307 consecutive patients. All five patients had Holter studies for evaluation of antiarrhythmic drug therapy; their ages ranged from 51 to 65 years. No patient had acute myocardial infarction; all had congestive heart failure and severe left ventricular dysfunction. One patient had ischemic and four had nonischemic cardiomyopathy. All patients had recently begun treatment with oral quinidine and had plasma quinidine levels of 1.24 to 5.18 microgram/ml. The Holter monitoring revealed that all had a long Q-T interval and that ventricular fibrillation began during frequent ventricular premature beats and was immediately preceded by ventricular tachycardia of the torsade de pointes type. The coupling interval of the ventricular premature beats initiating torsade de pointes was late (440 to 720 ms) and followed long preceding cycles (840 to 1920 ms). Ventricular fibrillation resolved spontaneously in two patients, but two of the remaining three patients died despite attempted cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It is concluded that (1) left ventricular dysfunction, chronic ventricular arrhythmias and initiation of quinidine therapy were the common findings in these patients; (2) a long Q-T interval, late coupled ventricular premature beats and long preceding cycles facilitate initiation of ventricular fibrillation in quinidine-treated patients; and (3) direct on-line monitoring should be utilized in the management of these patients. PMID- 7246450 TI - Influence of acute mechanical overload on dimension and dynamics of intraventricular septal thickness in dogs. PMID- 7246452 TI - The ultrastructure of the thin limbs of Henle in Kidneys of the desert heteromyid (Perognathus penicillatus). AB - The thin limbs of both long- and short-looped nephrons in Perognathus kidneys were studied with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The superficial nephrons have a short thin limb located in the vascular bundles of the outer medulla and are characterized by a simple, low-lying epithelium (0.4 +/- 0.1 mu thickness). In contrast, the first descending part of the thin limb of the majority of midcortical and juxtamedullary nephrons has a relatively thick epithelium (1.7 +/- 0.6 mu in thickness) with marked lateral and basal interdigitation and a dense surface covering of microvilli. The remaining part of the long descending thin limb is relatively simple with a low-lying epithelium (0.6 +/- 0.1 mu in thickness), decorated on its surface by sparse microplicae. The bend of the loop and the ascending limb are covered by a very simple low lying epithelium (0.6 +/- 0.2 mu in thickness) with relatively little surface modification. The extreme urine-concentrating ability of Perognathus does not appear to be due to the development of a unique thin loop epithelium but rather to the extensive length of the inner and outer medulla. PMID- 7246453 TI - Freeze-fracture study of rat ventral prostate: the columnar epithelial cell. AB - The organization of the secretory epithelium of the rat ventral prostate as seen by freeze-fracture is analyzed. Ultrastructural interpretation of the tall columnar epithelial cell is facilitated by the axial regionalization of the cytoplasm. The endoplasmic reticulum, which exists in all the regions of the cell, appears to have a role in the maintenance of cellular organization. Its cisternae delimit the spaces for the nucleus, the Golgi, and the apical secretory apparatus. Elements involved in the formation of secretory products for export are located within the apical region of the cell and are regionally separated from the Golgi complex. Structural and functional specializations of the plasma membrane in the apical, lateral, and basal areas are illustrated. Artifacts related to specimen preparation procedures are reported. Displacement of membrane particles, which we observed in the fracture faces of plasma and intracellular membranes, appears related to fixation at low temperature. Fixation at 37 degrees C, which does not induce membrane-particle displacement, results in proliferation of tight-junctional elements. PMID- 7246454 TI - Adipocyte development in the rat hypodermis. AB - The relationship between hair-follicle development and adipocyte formation in the rat hypodermis was studied. Skin samples from rats of various body weights were prepared for histological, histochemical, and electron microscopic analysis. Adipocyte formation in the rat hypodermis was linked spatially and temporally with hair-follicle growth and development. Cells trapped along the invading edge of hair follicles developed into adipocytes after the descent of the follicles through the dermis. Histochemical characteristics of the outermost cells of hair follicles indicated hypoxic conditions. These conditions may have directed a vascularization process that resulted in a network of adipocytes and capillaries around these follicles. Thus, under normal conditions, adipocyte formation is an integral phase of hair-follicle development in the rat. PMID- 7246451 TI - Bone marrow cells associated with heightened eosinophilopoiesis: an electron microscope study of murine bone marrow stimulated by Ascaris suum. AB - An acute eosinophilopoiesis occurs in mice secondarily exposed to Ascaris suum, the marrow eosinophils increasing from approximately 5% to 45%, and blood levels from 50/ml3 to more than 1000/ml3, within 14 days. Eosinophilopoiesis occurs in hematopoietic compartments of the bone marrow and is associated with four other cell types: branched stromal cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and reticular cells adventitial to venous sinuses. Branched stromal cells, a newly recognized cell type, are presented in intensified hematopoiesis of at least several blood-cell types. They are characterized by extensive branches surrounding contiguous hematopoietic cells, dense cytoplasm, and multiple communications between nuclear cisternae and an extensive, dilated endoplasmic reticulum. These cells, moreover, have a capacity to coalesce to form an extensive, branching, multinucleate giant cell system. They are neither phagocytic nor fibroblastic, and attend every phase of eosinophilic hematopoiesis. Macrophages lie among eosinophils, and they possess many processes which extend among eosinophils. The may constitute, with the eosinophils, islets similar to erythroblastic islets; or they may lie among eosinophils in sheets. Macrophages also lie against the outside surfaces of vascular sinuses and extend transmural processes into the lumina. Lymphocytes of a type not yet known are regularly present among developing eosinophils. Adventitial cells of vascular sinuses, fibroblastic cells, extend processes deep into perivascular hematopoietic spaces, and thereby envelop eosinophils and other maturing blood cells. While adventitial cells can be dense, they were typically quite lucent and had microfilaments clustered beneath their plasmalemmae. With the large-scale blood-cell delivery characteristic of this model, marked changes occurred in the walls of the vascular sinuses. Adventitial cells moved away from the vascular wall, permitting blood cells direct access to the basal surface and reducing their cover from more than 65% to less than 20%. Both adventitial and endothelial cells may be compact and dark, or expanded and quite lucent. Heterolysomes occur in moderate-to-large numbers in both adventitial and endothelial cells, and large gaps filled with blood cells in transit occur in endothelium. The hematopoietic-associated cells and the vasculature described here would appear to provide the cellular microenvironment which regulates hematopoiesis. PMID- 7246455 TI - Discussion: Forensic uses of hypnosis. PMID- 7246457 TI - Hypnotherapy of hysterical monocular blindness: a case report. PMID- 7246456 TI - Consequences of direct and indirect suggestions on success of posthypnotic behavior. PMID- 7246458 TI - Hypnotic paradigm-substitution therapy in a case of hypochondriasis. PMID- 7246459 TI - Hypnotherapy of involuntary movements in an 82-year-old male. PMID- 7246460 TI - The computer as an aid in teaching hypnosis. PMID- 7246461 TI - Investigative hypnosis: a developing specialty. PMID- 7246465 TI - Pulling one's own hair. PMID- 7246462 TI - Forensic uses of hypnosis. PMID- 7246464 TI - Critique of videotape presentation on forensic hypnotic regression: "The Case of Dora". PMID- 7246463 TI - The case of Dora. PMID- 7246466 TI - Towards a social learning theory of hypnosis: I. Hypnotic suggestibility. PMID- 7246467 TI - The recognition and hypnotherapy of patients with unrecognized altered states. PMID- 7246469 TI - Hypnotic age regression in the treatment of a self-destructive habit: trichotillomania. PMID- 7246468 TI - Modification of stimulation seeking behavior in psychopaths using hypnotic sensory imagery conditioning. PMID- 7246470 TI - The adjunctive use of hypnosis in the treatment of trichotillomania: a case report. PMID- 7246471 TI - The use of a metaphoric story in therapy: a case report. PMID- 7246472 TI - Hypnotic treatment of the alexithymic patient: a case report. PMID- 7246473 TI - Hypnosis: an adjunct to pediatric consultation. PMID- 7246474 TI - The use of herbs as anticancer agents. AB - The effectiveness of certain herbal drugs as anticancer agents has been studied for many years in China by researchers in various disciplines. The preparations discussed here are: Camptothecin and hydroxycamptothecin; harringtonine and homoharringtonine; colchicine and colchicinamide; curzerenone; monocrotaline; lycobetaine; oridonin; indirubin; and cantharidin. The success of their use is encouraging but a great deal of research is required in the future. PMID- 7246475 TI - Many ways to health: a study of 2,000 rural and urban Taiwan families. AB - Over two years the authors led a massive, government-supported survey of 2,000 Taiwanese families, half urban and half rural, to determine what actions the family would take when faced with disease or health problems. The major alternatives of folk healing, Chinese traditional medicine, and Western-oriented approaches were found to be frequently combined, and often supplemented by self diagnosis and self-medication. Thirty Chinese students entered the 2,000 families' homes for lengthy interviews covering a wide range of socio-demographic variables as well as medical behaviors. Cooperation of informants was outstanding, and the plentiful data from this large sample should provide ample ground for future studies and interpretations. The statistics substantially documented some findings suggested by earlier researchers: (a) that 90% of Taiwanese families combine a variety of approaches in warding off and treating illnesses (1); (b) that there is somewhat higher reliance on purely Western methods among young urban nuclear families, and among mainland-born Christians, than in the rural areas (2); and (c) that Taiwanese families avoid bringing mental health problems to medical or psychiatric health facilities (3). The statistics bear out some fairly predictable conclusions, such as: (a) Western medical methods are known and used more widely in the city than in the country (cf. "a" below); (b) there is more ignorance of facilities and medicines of all kinds in the country than in Taipei; and (c) traditional Chinese medicine is somewhat more used in the country than in Taipei. In addition, some fairly startling new developments are worth noting, including that (a) there is less rural/urban difference than expected--97-99% use some Western methods at some times; (b) while almost no one relies solely on folk healing, more city-dwellers use it (as well as massage and acupuncture) than do rural folk; and (c) urban families often go to private doctors, ignorant of their local public health stations. PMID- 7246477 TI - Neurophysiological demonstration of an acupuncture point in man. AB - Relationship between an acupuncture point and the nerve fascicle was demonstrated electrophysiologically. A tungsten microelectrode was inserted to the acupuncture point Chu-Tse percutaneously in an awake human subject. When the subject experienced the particular sensation of Teh-chi, nerve impulses were recorded simultaneously. Electrical stimulation (5 Hz, biphasic pulse, 15 min) applied to the point through the electrode increased the pain threshold of the face and palm (147--171% of the control). These facts indicate that some of the acupuncture points located on the nerve fascicle and mechanical stimulation to the nerve fascicle play a part in the production of the Teh-chi sensation. PMID- 7246476 TI - Effects of acupuncture on the citrate and glucose metabolism in the liver under various types of stress. AB - A study was made of the effect of acupuncture on citrate and glucose metabolism in the liver in terms of incorporation of 14C-1, 5-citric acid and 14C-u-glucose in some metabolites. The effect of acupuncture on citrate metabolism in the liver under control conditions was such as to increase production of G and reduce that of KB, FC and FFA. No effect of acupuncture on glucose metabolism in the liver under such conditions was observed. Both citrate and glucose metabolism were affected to a marked extent by immobilization stress or exposure to heat or cold. The deleterious effect of these types of stress was less prominent in animals receiving acupuncture at the Tsu-San-Li locus than in those treated otherwise or receiving no treatment. PMID- 7246478 TI - Juzam (leprosy) and its treatment in Unani medicine. AB - Juzam (leprosy) is attributed to excessive accumulation, infiltration and dispersal of sauda (burnt humours) throughout the body disturbing the normal temperament of the organs. A variety of causative factors responsible for excessive production or retention of sauda are enumerated. Unani simple plants, animals and minerals and formulations used for the treatment of leprosy are tabulated with recipes, methods of preparation, does and modes of administration. PMID- 7246479 TI - Therapeutic acupuncture for sensori-neural deafness. AB - This article presents a case report of a 29 year-old Nigerian male with sensori neural deafness since the age of 7 years managed by therapeutic acupuncture according to the classical Chinese technique. The patient was examined by radiological pictures in addition to biochemical and physical examinations. No medications were administered during the course of therapy. The study indicates that the impressive result obtained is due to the ability of therapeutic acupuncture to improve speech discrimination and hearing ability in our patient with sensori-neural deafness. PMID- 7246480 TI - Tridosha and Three Original Energies. PMID- 7246481 TI - Satisfaction and distress in a community: a test of the effects of life events. AB - A household survey of 537 residents was conducted to test conflicting hypotheses about the correlates of life events derived from three general models of well being: an equilibrium, a life crisis, and a positive mental health model. Consistent with the predictions of a positive mental health approach, positive life events were correlated with both reports of distress and satisfaction. Further, positive and negative events were intercorrelated; the distress effects of positive events could be accounted for to a large extent by the negative events associated with them. The findings suggest that community studies need to assess the potentially positive as well as stressful effects of life events. PMID- 7246483 TI - Blaming-a sign of psychosocial tensions in the community: findings from two surveys. AB - Blame attributions were studied as indicators of tension between a person and his/her psychosocial resources. An eight-item blame scale was constructed to tap the areas of one's life about which a person made causal attributions to explain misfortune. This scale along with other measures was administered through household surveys to two samples of 537 and 185 community residents. Consistent with the predictions of the study, demographic groups with fewer social resources had higher blame scores, and residents reporting more stressful life events were more likely to blame. As expected, blame attributions were positively correlated with three measures of maladjustment and were unrelated to a separate measure of positive well-being. Discontent with social life, followed by financial situation, family life, and life opportunity blame, were consistently related to reports of maladjustment. Self-blame, however, was only marginally associated with poor adjustment. The same findings were obtained for two divergent samples of residents, suggesting that the relationships obtained here have considerable generalizability. PMID- 7246484 TI - Successful breast-feeding. PMID- 7246482 TI - Parental death or divorce and the school adjustment of young children. AB - This study examined the effects of two potentially crisis-producing experiences, parental divorce or death, on the school adjustment of young children. Children with such "crisis" histories were found to show greater overall school maladaptation than children without such histories. Children of divorce had significantly more acting-out problems than noncrisis controls or death children and those with histories of parental death more serious shy-anxious problems than the other groups. These effects were stable across (a) independent year samples, (b) referred and "normal" nonreferred groups, and (c) urban and rural samples. Differential judgments about the competencies of children who have experienced parental divorce, death, or neither were also found. Divorce children were seen as having fewer competencies than death children or noncrisis controls. The association between specific crisis history and specific school adjustment patterns is seen to have implications for the study of coping with stressful life events and for preventive efforts. PMID- 7246485 TI - Critical weight loss and malnutrition in breast-fed infants. AB - In four infants of primiparous mothers, critical dehydration, hypothermia, and azotemia developed while they were being breast-fed exclusively. Three had significant hypernatremia, one had a perforated duodenal ulcer, and one had transient renal failure. Although the causes of the inadequate nutrition are unclear, these cases emphasize the necessity of close follow-up for breast-fed babies, especially those of primiparous mothers and those in whom there has been excessive weight loss while in the hospital. PMID- 7246486 TI - The well-nourished infant with intussusception. Fact or fallacy? AB - To assess the nutritional status of children with intussusception, the weight, length, and weight-for-length percentiles of 100 children with intussusception and 100 children admitted to the hospital for elective surgery was determined and compared with the National Center for Health Statistics standards. Of the children with intussusception, 26% were found to have a weight-for-length ratio below the fifth percentile while only 11% of the children admitted for elective surgery had ratios below the fifth percentile. This difference could not be explained by duration of symptoms, vomiting, or diarrhea. Therefore, although children with intussusception may appear "well nourished" they are no better nourished than the general population and, in fact, a significant number exhibit anthropometric data suggestive of malnourishment. PMID- 7246487 TI - Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a nine-year experience. II. Outcome assessment. AB - Mortality was assessed in a nine-year experience with 123 patients with necrotizing enterocolitis. Overall mortality was 45%. Despite intestinal perforation among surgically treated patients, there was no difference in mortality between surgically or medically treated patients(46% vs 54%). Patients with only hematochezia or abdominal distention has a lower mortality than those who appeared "septic" (35% vs 68%). Similarly, those with bacteremia and disseminated intravascular coagulation had high mortality as well as those in whom peritonitis with ascites developed. When the entire patient population is considered, prior therapy with ascites developed. When the entire patient population is considered, prior therapy with systemic antibiotics or concomitant therapy with oral aminoglycosides had no effect on severity of the disease, occurrence of intestinal perforation, or mortality. PMID- 7246488 TI - Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Survival, management, and complications: a 25 year study. AB - One hundred sixteen infants with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) have been seen during a 25-year period (1955 through 1979). Prior to 1972, the survival rate was 17%; subsequently, it has been 68%. This increased survival is attributed to (1) improved physiologic care of the critically ill infant, (2) the institution of a standard management protocol, and (3) early diagnosis and treatment. Survival following neonatal NEC is attended by a significant incidence of intestinal stricture (21%); however, physical development has been normal and there have been few long-term gastrointestinal tract problems. PMID- 7246490 TI - Pasteurella multocida. Osteomyelitis following dog bites. AB - Two cases of Pasteurella multocida osteomyelitis occurred following dog bit injuries. Difficulties exist in diagnosis and treatment. The role of P Multocida and other dog mouth flora in the pathogenesis of infectious complications following dog bites is discussed. we urge a flexible antimicrobial approach based on culture results. PMID- 7246489 TI - The puppet-like syndrome of Angelman. AB - Five new cases are presented of a syndrome characterized mainly by severe mental retardation, epilepsy, puppet-like ataxic movements, microbrachycephaly, prognathism, tongue protrusion, and inappropriate paroxysms of laughter. The cases are analyzed with reference to personal and family histories, clinical findings, and results of special investigations (biochemical, chromosomal, dermatoglyphic, EEG, and radiologic). The findings are compared with those in the 22 patients described previously. Though clinically distinctive, there is as yet no clear-cut evidence as to cause. PMID- 7246491 TI - Chronic vitamin A intoxication. A multisystem disease that could reach epidemic proportions. AB - Two patients seen in a six-month period had a diffuse, multisystem disorder characterized by edema of the extremities and face, rash, bone pain and tenderness, symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, and hypercalcemia. Both had been receiving extraordinarily high doses of vitamin A for some time. Serum vitamin A concentrations were markedly elevated, and serum vitamin D concentrations were normal. The history of excessive vitamin administration was only elicited following the detection of hypercalcemia. This is a potential complication of the administration of unregulated food supplements, stressing the need for complete dietary histories in the evaluation of multisystem disorders, with or without hypercalcemia. PMID- 7246492 TI - Patent ductus arteriosus. Its occurrence with unequal pulmonary vascularity and hyperlucent left lung. AB - Twenty-four of 230 patients with patent ductus arteriosus had hypovascularity and hyperlucency in the left lung on preoperative chest roentgenograms. Two of the 24 patients died shortly after operation, and one was unavailable for follow-up. During the postoperative course (mean, three years), roentgenograms of eight of the remaining 21 patients showed persistent, unequal pulmonary vascularity and hyperlucent left lung, with no evidence of air trapping, and two patients had diminished volume of the hyperlucent left lung compared with that of the right lung. PMID- 7246493 TI - Family history in assessing the risk for progression of mitral valve prolapse. Report of a kindred. AB - Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) consists of prolapse or billowing of the mitral leaflet(s) into the left atrium during ventricular systole associated with a mid to-late systolic click and/or a late systolic murmur. Thoracic skeletal abnormalities, progressive mitral regurgitation, ventricular arrhythmia, and sudden death have been associated with an autosomal dominant "MVP syndrome." The discovery of MVP in an asymptomatic 8-year-old boy led to a family investigation with subsequent delineation of age-related, progressive, mitral valve disease through four generations of the kindred. Although generally considered a benign syndrome, obtaining a full family history is important in assessing the risk for progression of mitral valve disease in affected family members. PMID- 7246494 TI - Evaluation of modified gowning procedures in a neonatal intensive care unit. AB - The effect of modified gowning techniques in a neonatal intensive care unit was evaluated. During alternate two-month intervals, no gowns were worn over street clothes in patient care areas by staff or visitors. Mortality and infections rates during these "modified" gowning intervals were the same as during the gowning periods. However, the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis was significantly greater in the modified gowning periods (7/353) than in the gowning periods (1/371). An expansion of this one-year study to include another year showed an even greater effect. The prevalence of bacteria at three anatomic sites (nares, umbilicus, and groin) on days 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 of hospitalization was comparable between those studied during modified gowning and gowning intervals. Exceptions were the significantly increased prevalence of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the groin (days 21 and 28) during gowning and S aureus in the nares (day 28) during modified gowning periods. PMID- 7246495 TI - Evaluation of the cardiac effects of doxorubicin by serial echocardiography. AB - Serial echocardiographic studies were performed on 48 children who received chemotherapy with doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin). For the group as a whole, no correlation could be made between the cumulative dose of doxorubicin administered and left ventricular systolic function as measured by the fractional shortening of the left ventricle (delta s). Two asymptomatic patients, however, demonstrated depressed delta s and abnormal results from radionuclide studies at cumulative doxorubicin doses of less than 430 mg/sq m. Differentiation of the echoderived curve of left ventricular minor axis dimension indicated that these two patients had abnormalities in both diastolic and systolic function. Good correlation was demonstrated between echocardiographic and radionuclide studies in eight patients, including the two with depressed function. Inherent variability limits the sensitivity of echocardiographic functional studies, but serial studies are helpful in the evaluation of cardiac function in children who receive doxorubicin. PMID- 7246496 TI - Radiological case of the month: duplication of the bladder and colon. PMID- 7246497 TI - False aneurysm of left ventricle complicating staphylococcal pericarditis. PMID- 7246498 TI - Intestinal colic and diarrhea as side effects of intravenous alprostadil administration. PMID- 7246499 TI - Systemic amyloidosis in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7246500 TI - Monitoring salivary theophylline levels. PMID- 7246502 TI - Health care for children in the Soviet Union. PMID- 7246501 TI - Starch in lungs of newborns. PMID- 7246503 TI - A case of female autoerotic death. AB - This paper reviews some of the types of autoerotic death which have been reported and some of the psychodynamic principles which are associated with them. As cases involving females have never been reported, this presentation offers some opportunity to see how psychiatric insight assisted police investigation of an autoerotic death. Crime scene sketching and photographic evidence complement the case material so that the reader can feel he is at the crime scene. A comparison between male and female autoerotic deaths is made. PMID- 7246504 TI - The study of gunshot wounds in surgical pathology. AB - Both the laboratory and the pathologist are frequently involved in medicolegal cases. A relatively infrequent though important example is the case involving study of gunshot wounds in surgical pathology. Procedures for the proper gross and microscopic examination of gunshot wound specimens have been documented in the literature, and are briefly reviewed. A protocol for documenting the chain of custody for physical evidence recovered in these cases must be strictly observed in each department of surgical pathology. A large hospital's surgical pathology files contained 70 gunshot wound cases for 1969-1978. Review employing Adelson's reference work revealed correct microscopic findings and diagnosis in 90% of specimens, the 11 errors all failures to recognize gunpowder residue in tissues. There were nine specimens of physical evidence. Two errors were made in the gross examination of these specimens, and despite a chain-of-custody protocol pathologists failed to adequately document 44% of them. The surgical pathologist has available ample resources for studying gunshot wound specimens. Using them he can correctly interpret most cases, at the same time fulfilling his medicolegal obligations. PMID- 7246505 TI - Heterotopic epithelial replacement (so-called "mesothelioma") of the atrioventricular node, congenital heart block, and sudden death. AB - Heterotopic epithelial replacement (so-called "mesothelioma") of the atrioventricular node is a rare cause of congenital heart block and sudden death; only about 50 cases have been reported in the literature in predominantly female patients ranging in age from infancy to 86 years. The lesion is virtually impossible to diagnose clinically and can be recognized at postmortem only by histologic examination of the atrioventricular conduction tissue. A unique case is reported since the patient, a young, asymptomatic woman, was chosen by chance as the subject of an electrophysiologic study of bradycardia 6 years before her sudden death. The morphologic (light- and electron-microscopic) findings of the atrioventricular node studied at autopsy were supportive of heterotopic epithelial origin of the lesion. The disputed histogenesis is briefly discussed. PMID- 7246506 TI - The Big Thompson Flood. AB - The Big Thompson Flood of 1976 yielded a known death toll of 139. The temporary morgue set up was successful in personally identifying all of the bodies. This effort was made possible by the fortuitous presence of the three scientists necessary for such an operation, to wit, the forensic pathologist, a forensic odontologist, and a forensic anthropologist. An outcome of the morgue effort was the establishment of the Center for Human Identification. Many law enforcement agencies and county emergency disaster offices in the country contacted the morgue directors for advice on how to cope with similar disasters. It would appear that there are no state or federal statutes or planning in the area of body identification. One function of the Center at CSU is to advise on just how a total effort in body identification can be effected. PMID- 7246507 TI - Dioxin. A case in point. AB - The dangers posed by herbicidal chemicals to organisms and the environment are pointed out in this review of their development beginning in World War II. In particular, the toxic results of the spraying of dioxin (Agent Orange) in Vietnam are detailed, with corroborating data from clinical and field studies and reports of related industrial accidents. Despite a recent ban imposed on all dioxin containing herbicides by the Environmental Protection Agency, widespread domestic use of herbicides continues and acceptance of the dangers is incomplete. As a result, forensic scientists must remain alert to potential hazards stemming from the use of these contaminants in their communities at least until strict federal regulatory legislation can be enacted. PMID- 7246508 TI - Ethanol in intracerebral clot. Report of two homicidal cases with prolonged survival after injury. AB - Two homicidal cases are reported with prolonged survival after injury. In one case there was a 33-hour survival and the other had a 9-hour survival before death. In both cases there was severe injury to the brain: in one by blunt force and in the other by penetrating injury by firearm. Blood and urine alcohol levels in these cases were low or negative. The blood clot is another potential resource for information in an unnatural death investigation where intoxication is suspected or indicated by the behavior of the victim. PMID- 7246509 TI - Forensic medicine in Britain. AB - Forensic medicine and its development in Great Britain is presented in light of clinical as well as traditional forensic medicine. The development of the police surgeon and coroner have been uniquely British developments and the former's role is discussed. The medicolegal autopsy and the role of the University Department of Pathology is mentioned as far as its contribution to the field is presented. The Home Office pathology and laboratory structure is discussed as are the systems in other parts of the United Kingdom, including Wales and Scotland. Mention is made of the systems in Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. The current status of organization forensic sciences is also mentioned. PMID- 7246510 TI - Lyophilized unfixed whole lungs for correlative roentgenologic-pathologic microanalytic study of occupational respiratory disease. PMID- 7246511 TI - Effects of radiation on development, especially of the nervous system. AB - Humans and other organisms are exposed to ionizing radiations from a variety of natural and man-made sources. Radiation may cause mutations and chromosome abnormalities, cell-killing, alterations and transformations in cell growth, and carcinogenetic changes. This paper considers principally the cell-killing and nonlethal cell alterations in developing laboratory mammals and humans, especially the nervous system, that follow irradiation and often lead to malformation and disturbed function, but at certain stages to restitution of the injury. Most of what we know about the mechanisms of these radiation effects in man is derived from animal experiments, especially with rats. The few observations in humans have corresponded closely to them. We illustrate the cellular effects and malformative results with an example of cell-killing in the developing cortex of a human fetus exposed to therapeutic radiation in utero; a current timetable of the malformative and other effects of radiation on rats during development from which expectations of human effects might be extrapolated; examples of hydrocephalus produced in rats; low-dose alterations of nerve cells in rats; and a microcephalic Japanese boy exposed in utero to the atomic bomb at Hiroshima in 1945. PMID- 7246512 TI - Techniques for detecting and determining risks from low-level radiation. AB - Epidemiology is the study of disease in man. In evaluating radiation hazards, analytic studies have utilized the cohort type of investigation (where persons exposed and not exposed to radiation are followed forward in time for determination of disease experience) or case-control approaches (where persons with and without a specific disease are evaluated for previous exposure to radiation). Most radiation studies have evaluated cohorts (e.g., radiologists), although important case-control studies have been conducted (e.g., childhood leukemia as related to prenatal x ray). At its best, epidemiology is capable fo evaluating relative risks (RR) on the order of 1.4 (i.e., a 40% relative excess). However, the RRs of interest following low doses of radiation (1 rad) are on the order of 1.02-1.002. Thus, not much should be anticipated from direct observations at 1 rad, and indirect approaches must be taken to estimate low-dose effects. Such indirect approaches include evaluating 1) populations exposed to a range of doses, both low and high, where interpolation models can be reasonably applied to estimate low-dose effects; and 2) populations exposed to fractionated doses over a long period of time where the resulting dose-effect relationship theoretically should be linear and the estimation of low-level health effects facilitated. PMID- 7246513 TI - Forensic detection and investigation of occupational-environmental disease. PMID- 7246514 TI - Applicability of computerization to environmentally induced disease processes. PMID- 7246515 TI - Estimation of the postmortem interval by chemical means. AB - The literature is reviewed regarding estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) by chemical analysis of cadaver fluids. The most useful measurements on blood and CSF are amino nitrogen, nonprotein nitrogen, ammonia, creatine, and inorganic phosphate; these have some value in the early PMI. Probably the single most accurate determination is the potassium content of the vitreous humor, which shows a linear rise with time in the interval 12-100 hours postmortem. The rate of vitreous potassium rise is fairly independent of environmental influence. Other determinations that may prove valuable include the potassium content of the aqueous humor and the ammonia and magnesium content of the vitreous. Although no single measurement gives a completely reliable estimate of the PMI, combinations of chemical determinations can be useful adjuncts in cases of unwitnessed death. PMID- 7246516 TI - Beginnings of the New York State Mental Hygiene Medical Review Board 1976-1980. AB - A review is provided of the organization and functions of the New York State Mental Hygiene Medical Review Board and the first 4 years of its investigative activities into sudden, unexpected, mysterious, or unnatural deaths among mental patients. In 4 years 384 such deaths have been investigated, among which natural causes, suicide, and accidents are the most common. Certain medical procedures, laws, and administrative methods have been changed due to findings of the Board. PMID- 7246517 TI - Incapacitating effects of schistosomiasis mansoni on the productivity of sugar cane cutters in northeastern Brazil. AB - Studies were carried out on two sugar estates in the humid coastal forest region of northeastern Brazil, a highly endemic area of schistosomiasis mansoni. Results obtained in a retrospective study were not conclusive, but clear-cut results emerged from a prospective study. The latter was conducted on a sugar estate (Catende) where the severe hepatosplenic clinical form of the disease is seen in 4% of the field-working population. Comparison was made between two groups of paired subjects: one composed of workers with the hepatosplenic form of the disease and the other composed of workers with the intestinal form. Reduction of productivity among the hepatosplenic subjects compared to intestinal subjects was 35.1%. The loss to the Catende sugar estate from reduced productivity caused by schistosomiasis mansoni for the harvest season of 1978 was calculated as 0.93% of the estate's total production, or approximately US$135,000. When this figure is extrapolated to the State of Pernambuco (16 million tons of sugar total annual production), the annual loss in the state if estimated to be US$2 million. PMID- 7246518 TI - Serum cholesterol and mortality in a Japanese-American population: the Honolulu Heart program. AB - The authors have examined the relation of baseline serum cholesterol level to subsequent 9-year mortality in a cohort of Japanese-American men. The baseline serum cholesterol level was positively related to coronary heart disease mortality. It was inversely related to total cancer mortality and to mortality from cancers of the esophagus, colon, liver and lung and to malignancies of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system. When mortality in the first two years after examination was removed from consideration in an attempt to allow for existing clinical or subclinical disease, the inverse relation to cancer persisted but was statistically significant only for colon cancer and lung cancer among the common sites as well as for malignancies of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system. When known prevalence cases of cancer were eliminated from the computation, the inverse relation between cholesterol level and cancer mortality persisted significantly only for colon among the common cancer sites. The relation of baseline serum cholesterol level to total mortality in this cohort was quadratic; that is, there was an excess of deaths associated with serum cholesterol level at the high end of the distribution (mainly due to coronary heart disease) and at the low end (mainly due to cancer). PMID- 7246519 TI - Genotypic varieties of La Crosse virus isolated from different geographic regions of the continental United States and evidence for a naturally occurring intertypic recombinant La Crosse virus. AB - The tripartite ribonucleic acid (RNA) genomes of 23 alternate isolates of La Crosse virus have been analyzed by the procedure of oligonucleotide fingerprinting. By comparison with the fingerprints of the three viral RNA species (large, medium and small) of prototype La Crosse virus, the viruses have been categorized in terms of the degree of their RNA sequence relatedness. The A type La Crosse viruses, which have been recovered from Wisconsin, Minnesota, Indiana and Ohio, have viral RNA sequences that are closely related to those of prototype La Crosse virus. The B type La Crosse viruses, which have been recovered from Minnesota, Wisconsin and Illinois, have RNA sequences which, although related, are easily distinguished from those of type A viruses. A La Crosse virus isolate obtained from Rochester, Minnesota, appears to be an intertypic type A/B recombinant, it has a small size RNA segment like those of the B type La Crosse virus isolates, but medium- and large-sized RNA species like those of the A type La Crosse virus isolates. The C type La Crosse viruses have viral RNA sequences that neither closely resemble the A or B type La Crosse viruses. They have been recovered from eastern Ohio, New York State, Texas, Georgia and North Carolina. PMID- 7246520 TI - A new estimator for infection rates using pools of variable size. PMID- 7246521 TI - The effect of response bias on the odds ratio. AB - The effect of response bias on odds ratio results was determined based on data from a population-based cardiovascular disease survey. The study subjects consisted of 5000 adult residents of a predominantly white, upper-middle class community. Information from 60% of the 1100 non-respondents was obtained by telephone. Consistent patterns of participation associated with risk factors and diseases under study were found. A simple error term was developed to convert the odds ratio for respondents to the odds ratio for the target population using individual cell response rates. This error term demonstrates that the response patterns found tended to minimize the error in odds ratio calculations for respondents. Only by obtaining relevant information on non-respondents can investigators accurately estimate response bias and its effects on the odds ratio. PMID- 7246522 TI - An alternative to the proportionate mortality ratio. AB - The conditions that are generally considered to justify the use of the proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) to compare exposed and nonexposed populations also permit the computation of the ratio of mortality odds between the cause (of death) of interest and the "other" causes considered. This mortality odds ratio (MOR) comparing the exposed with the nonexposed equals the exposure odds ratio comparing deaths from the cause of interest with those from the auxiliary ("other") causes, and, in contrast to the PMR, it can be interpreted as the observed-to-expected ratio or the standardized mortality ratio on the assumption that the mortality rate for the auxiliary causes is unrelated to the exposure. Related to this, the MOR is free of the arbitrary element in the PMR, which is dependent on the size of the auxiliary-causes domain. These properties make the proposed measure superior to the PMR statistic. Consideration of the proposed statistic for "PMR data" also underscores the need to view "PMR studies" as case referent studies, and this has important implications for the choice of the auxiliary causes (reference series). PMID- 7246523 TI - A multivariate analysis of family data. AB - The authors describe the application of multivariate analysis to the problem of estimating intra-family correlations and testing them for statistical significance. This is illustrated by a re-analysis of survey data collected by Miall and Oldham (Clin Sci 1958;17:459-87) on the familial aggregation of blood pressure. The multivariate analysis provides collective tests of significance for parent-child and child-child correlations based on likelihood ratio theory, and maximum likelihood estimates for individual intra-family correlations. PMID- 7246524 TI - "Special issue on particulate air pollution". PMID- 7246525 TI - "Asbestos in drinking water and cancer incidence in the San Francisco Bay area". PMID- 7246526 TI - Re: "comparison of the proportionate mortality ratio and standardized mortality ratio risk measures". PMID- 7246527 TI - Serum cholesterol and mortality: the Yugoslavia Cardiovascular Disease Study. AB - The relationship of level of baseline serum cholesterol to the seven-year incidence of death from all causes and from specific causes was examined in a cohort of 11,121 Yugoslav males aged 35--62 years at the time of their initial examination (1964--1965). Serum cholesterol was negatively related to mortality, i.e., those with a lower cholesterol experienced a higher mortality than those with a higher cholesterol. The negative relationship was significant (as assessed by logistic regression) and remained significant after adjusting for obesity, systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, age, history of intestinal parasitism, and socioeconomic status (as measured by years of education). The negative association of serum cholesterol and subsequent mortality appeared to be due to the relationship of cholesterol to deaths due to cancer and to deaths due to respiratory disease (tuberculosis and cor pulmonale). The cancer death-serum cholesterol relationship was not statistically significant but the respiratory disease death-serum cholesterol relationship was. Serum cholesterol, as expected, was positively related to the incidence of coronary heart disease death. PMID- 7246528 TI - An apparent inverse relationship between serum cholesterol and cancer mortality in Puerto Rico. AB - In the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program, a prospective epidemiologic study, 9824 men living in defined urban and rural areas of Puerto Rico have been followed for approximately eight years. Periodic examinations have been used to assess potential cardiovascular risk factors and to monitor coronary heart disease events. Although the emphasis of the study has been oriented to cardiovascular disease, all causes of death have been closely monitored. During the observation period, 179 deaths from cancer have occurred in the age group 45--64 years. The distribution of cancer deaths varies from that of the mainland, with a greater percentage being oral, pharyngeal and stomach, and a lesser frequency being lung. Serum cholesterol measured at the first examination in 1965 was found to vary inversely with subsequent mortality from cancer. This trend was significant overall for the rural area and in the age group 45--54 years in the urban area. Multivariate analysis with other covariables did not eliminate the cholesterol relationship in the rural men, although relative weight, ventricular rate, hematocrit and cigarette smoking made independent contributions in certain age groups in both locations. The association between serum cholesterol and cancer mortality in the rural area and in the young urban area suggests that further investigation is needed to determine whether the relationship is causal, a secondary association to some other unidentified set of primary factors, or merely a physiological reaction to early and undiagnosed stages of the cancer process. PMID- 7246529 TI - Mortality after bereavement. AB - A nonconcurrent prospective study in Washington County, Maryland, identified 4032 (1204 male, 2828 female) white persons aged 18 years and over who were enumerated in a 1963 nonofficial census and became widowed between 1963 and 1974, and an equal number of married persons, each matched to a widowed person as to race, sex, year of birth and geography of residence. All were followed to 1975, the date of a second census. Mortality rates based on person-years at risk were virtually no different for female widowed than married, but significantly higher for male widowed than married, even after adjustment for a number of demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral variables. The male widowed in all age groups experienced higher mortality than the male married, the relative risk attaining statistical significance only in age groups 55--64 and 65--74 years, although the indicated relative risk was even higher in the younger age groups. There was little evidence of higher mortality in the first or second six-month intervals following bereavement than in subsequent years for either sex, but a suggestively higher mortality in year 2 for female widowed under age 65 years. PMID- 7246530 TI - On a possible inverse relationship between serum cholesterol and cancer mortality. PMID- 7246531 TI - Personal usage of medical radiological procedures by radiologists, pathologists, and their families. AB - The Radiation Registry of Physicians was established to study the biologic effects of prolonged occupational exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation. Questionnaire responses from radiologists and a comparable group of medical specialists, pathologists, provided information about personal and familial exposure to medical radiation. This first report from the 1973 survey of radiologists and pathologists (5077 and 2914 respondents, respectively) shows that a significantly greater percentage of male radiologists, their spouses and their children reported diagnostic and therapeutic radiographic procedures than did male pathologists and their immediate family members. Responses from female physicians show similar relationships but the number of such specialists is too small for meaningful analysis. The exposure differential between radiologists and pathologists suggests that personal medical radiation exposure is an important component of the total x-ray exposure of radiologists. PMID- 7246532 TI - A genetic analysis of melanoma--polygenic inheritance as a threshold trait. AB - A total of 214 melanoma patients and 193 age- and sex-matched controls, interviewed at the Roswell Park Memorial Institute during the years 1974--1978, provided information regarding 1134 and 1043 New York State first order relatives (parents, offspring and siblings). The vital information provided was checked against the records of the New York State Tumor Registry to find cases of melanoma among relatives. Five cases of melanoma were found among the 1027 New York State relatives of melanoma index cases alive during the period 1949--1978, inclusive. No cases of melanoma were found among New York State relatives of controls. The expected number of melanomas among a cohort of relatives of identical sex and age composition for the interval was 0.625 cases, giving a ratio of observed to expected of 8.0. A similar analysis, restricted to parent offspring pairs, yielded a ratio of observed to expected of 12.7. A search for additional melanoma cases among second degree relatives of familial index cases yielded no further affected relatives. The incidence of melanoma among relatives of melanoma cases and in a comparable general population were used to estimate the heritability of liability to melanoma as a polygenic trait. A heritability estimate of 0.49 was obtained, using parent-offspring data, indicating that nearly half of the variability in liability to melanoma in this population may be attributed to the additive action of many genes, each with small effect. Pending the replication of these findings, the 12-fold increase in incidence of melanoma among parents and offspring of melanoma cases suggests the importance of counseling and surveillance of relatives of affected individuals by the clinician. PMID- 7246533 TI - Nosocomial bloodstream infections in a newborn intensive care unit: a case matched control study of morbidity, mortality and risk. AB - Routine surveillance of 1252 newborns admitted over a four-year period to a newborn intensive care unit (ICU) identified 49 (4%) with nosocomial bloodstream infections. Forty-nine control subjects without such infections were selected, matching for birth weight, gestational age, and at least three diagnoses per patient. Overall, 27% of cases and 6% of controls died (p = 0.01) and significant differences persisted when cases with multiple bloodstream infections were removed from analysis. Although small numbers of case-control pairs remained for analysis, significant differences disappeared when cases with multiple bloodstream infections plus case-control pairs discordant for presence/absence of nosocomial infections at other sites were eliminated from comparison. On the average, all cases and controls were hospitalized for 70 +/- 14 days and 50 +/- 8 days, respectively, but when cases with multiple bloodstream infections or the multiple bloodstream infections-discordant pair group were removed from analysis, the significant difference in hospitalization disappeared. A strong association between nosocomial infections at sites other than the bloodstream and bloodstream infections was demonstrated and may suggest a means of reducing the incidence of bloodstream infections in a high risk population. PMID- 7246534 TI - Thirteen cases of pyruvate kinase deficiency found in Japan. AB - Thirteen cases of pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency, considered to be heterozygous for different PK mutants because of no consanguinities in their parents, were characterized by the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) recommended methods. These deficiency cases are named PK "Kagoshima," PK "Kyoto," PK "Takamatsu," PK "Abeno," PK "Kobe," PK "Marugame," PK "Hoenzaka," PK "Osaka," PK "Motomachi," PK "Gifu," PK "Hiroshima" PK "Matsumoto," and PK "Tama." The characteristics of mutant PK enzymes suggest that the cause of chronic hemolysis depends mainly on decreased affinity for phosphoenolpyruvate, thermolability, increased inhibition by adenosine triphosphate, and low activation by fructose-1, 6-diphosphate. PMID- 7246535 TI - Antigranulocyte antibodies and deranged immune function associated with phenytoin induced serum sickness. AB - A phenytoin-associated serum-sickness-like syndrome was followed by severe pancytopenia in a 17-year-old female. Serum obtained during the acute phase of her illness contained antibodies against homologous eosinophils and neutrophils, antibodies against autologous neutrophils, and antibodies to phenytoin. The serum also inhibited bone marrow granulocyte colon formation in vitro. Lymphocyte transformation by pokeweed mitogen was impaired and, after recovery, the patient's lymphocytes were transformed in vitro by the addition of phenytoin. These data demonstrate that profound derangements of immunity can be associated with a phenytoin-induced serum-sickness-like illness. PMID- 7246536 TI - Aspects of platelet formation and release. AB - The surface architecture and location of megakaryocytes in the extravascular compartment of mouse bone marrow are considered. The finger-like cytoplasmic processes that extend into sinuses pass through apertures, approximately 3.0 millimicron in diameter, occurring singly or in groups. The cytoplasmic processes enlarge on first entering a sinus and form villi that seem to anchor them to endothelium. The villi consist largely of microfilaments. The cytoplasmic processes extend, attenuate, and undergo irregular constriction along their lengths. The considerations demarcate modicums of cytoplasm of platelet size one from another that are released when they break. Extravascular platelet release may also occur, and evidence is presented that points to the likelihood of the platelet's being engulfed and phagocytosed by macrophages before reaching the microcirculation. PMID- 7246537 TI - Freeze preservation of sickle erythrocytes. AB - The effect of short-term cryopreservation on metabolic, functional, and survival characteristics of erythrocytes from patients with sickle cell disease was examined. Post-thaw hemolysis of glycerolized sickle (SS) erythrocytes was greater (mean 12.9%) than in hemoglobin-AA cells (mean 4.7%). Freeze preservation had no apparent effect on red cell morphology, percent irreversibly sickled cells, and fetal hemoglobin content. There were modest reductions in ATP and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate in thawed, washed sickle erythrocytes (12.7% and 29.7%, respectively). However, the autologous survival of 51Cr-labelled SS red cells was not shortened by cryopreservation. The safety and efficacy of autotransfusion of cryopreserved red cells in alloimmunized sickle cell disease patients with anemic episodes unrelated to sickling need to be determined. PMID- 7246538 TI - Priapism in a non-black with sickle cell anemia associated with alpha thalassemia. AB - Sickle cell anemia, the most prevalent type of hemoglobinopathy, appears almost exclusively in backs. Since the first report of sickle cell anemia in a Caucasian by Cooley and Lee in 1929 [1], additional cases have been reported, mainly from Mediterranean countries, the Persian Gulf, and India [2]. Several cases were also found among Arabs in Israel with a relatively benign clinical course [3, 4]. The present report describes a unique case of sickle cell anemia associated with alpha-thalassemia in a non-black young adult. The diagnosis was made at the age of 23 years. Severe priapism was almost the first manifestation of the disease and subsided following transfusion of five units of packed red blood cells. PMID- 7246540 TI - Presidential address. On the state of our Society. PMID- 7246539 TI - Human platelet factor 4: preparation from outdated platelet concentrates and application in cerebral vascular disease. AB - Platelet factor 4 (PF4), the platelet antiheparin protein, was isolated from both the supernatant and the cells of recently outdated platelet concentrates. Following purification by affinity chromatography, a competitive binding radioimmunoassay was developed to detect this protein in human plasma. The normal range was determined to be 9.4 +/- 4.7 ng/ml (mean +/- SD for 52 healthy adults). In order to determine whether individuals with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke had measurable increments of PF4 in their plasma, radioimmunoassay studies were performed on 11 patients with well-documented TIA, 10 patients with well documented stroke and on 16 age-matched controls hospitalized on a neurology service with disorders unrelated to arterial thrombosis. The 16 hospitalized controls had PF4 levels of 10.3 +/- 9.1 ng/ml, a value not significantly different from the 52 normals (P greater than 0.50). Patients with TIA had PF4 levels of 24.6 +/- 12.1 ng/ml, a value significantly higher than both the 52 normals (P less than 0.001) and the 16 hospitalized control patients (P less than 0.005). Patients with stroke had PF4 levels of 35.4 +/- 29.2 ng/ml, a value significantly higher than both the 42 normals (P less than 0.001) and the 16 hospitalized control patients (P less than 0.005). Outdated platelet concentrates facilitate the development of a reproducible radioimmunoassay for PF4. The elevation of this platelet-derived protein in the plasma of patients with stroke and TIA provides evidence for recent or ongoing platelet activation in the cerebral vascular disease population. PMID- 7246541 TI - Autosomal recessive inheritance of human mitochondrial carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency. AB - The mode of inheritance of hepatic mitochondrial carbamyl phosphate synthetase (CPS I) deficiency has not been established conclusively in the past. In this study, hepatic tissue obtained by percutaneous biopsy from all members of the immediate family of two girls affected with partial CPS I deficiency was assayed for CPS I, ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), and arginase activities. Only values for CPS I activity differed significantly from those in controls. The two affected girls each had markedly reduced CPS I activities of about 6% of the control mean. Their brother had activity well within the normal range. Of greatest significance was the finding that both parents had activities below the 95% confidence limits in controls, and intermediate between the deficient values of the two girls and the control range. The father and mother had, respectively, 32% and 54% of mean control activity. These data indicate that CPS I deficiency is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and that the two affected girls are homozygous for the mutant gene, their brother is homozygous for the normal allele, and the parents are heterozygous. PMID- 7246543 TI - Heterozygote advantage in Tay-Sachs carriers? AB - Chi-square analyses of new data as well as data previously reported by Myrianthopoulos have shown that grandparents of Tay-Sachs carriers die from proportionally the same causes as grandparents of noncarriers. It is unlikely that there is any advantage to being a Tay-Sachs carrier insofar as resistance to tuberculosis is concerned. Our results are further evidence to support Fraikor's claim that the high carrier frequency of the allele in Ashkenazi Jews is probably caused by a combination of founder effect, genetic drift, and differential immigration patterns. PMID- 7246542 TI - Cholinesterase Newfoundland: a new succinylcholine-sensitive variant of cholinesterase at locus 1. AB - A family from Newfoundland was found to have a new rare variant for plasma cholinesterase (E.C.3.1.1.8) recognized by a high-percentage inhibition by dibucaine (DN), particularly when succinyldithiocholine was used as substrate (DNSDTC) but also somewhat high when benzoylcholine was substrate (DNBZCH). The family data demonstrated that the variant is determined by an allele of the usual and atypical alleles at locus 1, and the new allele is designated CHE1*NFLD. The proband who was heterozygous for the Newfoundland and atypical alleles had shown sensitivity to succinylcholine. It is postulated that cholinesterase Newfoundland (NFLD) has a reduced affinity for succinylcholine. Samples selected for high DNs with a benzoylcholine from 200 Canadian Caucasians and 70 Newfoundlanders did not have the variant, and, therefore, it is assumed that the remainder of the samples did not have the variant. PMID- 7246544 TI - Social selection in human populations. I. Modification of the fitness of offspring by an affected parent. AB - The concept of social selection for deleterious genes has been introduced by considering two alleles at one locus. A social selection model is constructed by assuming that the fitness of an individual is determined by his or her own as well as the parental phenotypes. It is shown that the equilibrium gene frequency depends on the loss of fitness of an individual due to the trait (gamma), due to affected parents (beta), and the probability that the heterozygote develops the trait (h). With mutational changes from the wild-type allele to the deleterious gene at a rate of alpha per generation, the equilibrium frequency of deleterious genes is approximately alpha/hs for 0 less than h less than or equal to 1 and square root alpha/s for h = 0, where s = gamma + beta(1 -- gamma)/2. Implications of the social selection model have been discussed for several diseases in man. PMID- 7246545 TI - A new genetic model proposing that the Se gene is a structural gene closely linked to the H gene. AB - The Se gene is classically considered as a regulatory gene controlling the expression of the structural gene H in external secretions. Under this hypothesis, Bombay (h/h) individuals should not be able to express the Se gene. Statistical analysis of the 44 published Bombay pedigrees suggests on the contrary that there is no suppression of Se in Bombay individuals, and that both Se and H loci can be fully expressed at the phenotypic level. Based on a lod score of 12.9 at 1% recombination units and the existence of two different acceptors for the biosynthesis of the H antigen, a new genetic model is proposed in which H and Se would be two closely linked structural genes coding for two different 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferases. PMID- 7246546 TI - New deletion syndrome: 1q43. AB - A male infant showed dysmorphology of the head and face, neck, extremities, and genitalia, as well as growth and mental retardation. His G-banded karyotype was 46,XY,--1+der(1),t(1;16)(q43;q24)mat. Combined with five previously reported cases involving similar terminal deletions beginning at 1q42 or 43, we show that the homology of phenotypic characteristics permits identification of a new deletion syndrome, the first involving chromosome 1. PMID- 7246547 TI - Enamel thickness of 45,X females' permanent teeth. AB - Enamel thicknesses in 45,X females', their male and female relatives', and population control males' and females' permanent tooth crowns were determined from radiographs. The results showed that the enamel layer in both maxillary first incisors and canines of 45,X females is definitely thinner than that of control males or females. Enamel in control males' and females' teeth was about equal in size. The distance between mesial and distal dentino-enamel junctions or the thickness of "dentin" was similar in 45,X females' and in control females' teeth, but definitely smaller than in control males' teeth. These findings show that in the presence of the second sex-chromosome in the chromosome complement, whether X or Y, there is a definite and equal increase in the amount of enamel. On the other hand, in the presence of the Y chromosome in the chromosome complement, relative to the second X chromosome, there is a definite increase in the thickness of the dentin. The results of earlier studies have indicated a direct growth-promoting effect of the sex chromosomes on tooth growth, and that the effect of X and Y chromosomes is different. The present results suggest that the influence of the X- and Y-chromosome gene(s) on amelogenesis is the same in quantitative terms but different in relation to the determination of the distance between dentino-enamel junctions; the Y chromosome is more effective than the X chromosome in that respect. It is postulated that this size-increasing effect of the Y-chromosome gene(s) might result from its profound effect on cell proliferations. PMID- 7246548 TI - Expected number of rare alleles per locus in a sample and estimation of mutation rates. PMID- 7246549 TI - Evidence for smaller probabilities for trisomic mosaicism for acrocentric than for nonacrocentric chromosomes. PMID- 7246552 TI - Incidence and management of cimetidine-associated mental changes. PMID- 7246551 TI - IS diazepam tumorigenic? PMID- 7246550 TI - Adverse reaction to tartrazine in a dipyridamole product. PMID- 7246553 TI - Training hospital pharmacy technicians: joint effort by departments of education and pharmacy. AB - The cooperative development and initiation of a one-year pharmacy technician training program is described. The hospital's pharmacy and education departments formulated goals and objectives for the didactic and clinical areas of the program and developed methods to evaluate student competency and the program itself. The training for first class of students consisted of three months of didactic instruction, one month of laboratory experience, and eight months of on the-job training. The program includes an observation of medication administration which is designed to increase the student's awareness of the entire medication process. PMID- 7246554 TI - Creatinine clearance predictions in acutely ill patients. AB - In acutely ill patients, predicted creatinine clearance (Clcr) values [obtained using the Siersbaek-Nielsen nomogram (SNN) and ideal body weight (IBW)] were compared with actual Clcr based on measured urine creatinine concentrations. Timed urine collections were obtained from 118 patients (423 collections from 68 men, 400 collections from 50 women) before, during, and after aminoglycoside therapy. Patients were in intensive care units for management of acute exacerbations of sepsis, pneumonia, or abscess; most had other complicating conditions and were chronically ill. Urine was collected for 8 to 24 hours (70% for 24 hours) from Foley-catheterized patients. Patients were divided into low (less than 15 mg/kg/day), normal (15-25 mg/kg/day), and elevated (greater than 25 mg/kg/day) urinary creatinine excretion groups. Actual body weight (ABW) was used in some patient subgroups to explore differences between using IBW and ABW. SNN most accurately predicted Clcr in the 20% of the urine collections characterized by normal urinary creatinine excretion (Ucr). Most study patients excreted significantly less creatinine than the age-matched population tested in developing the SNN. In acutely ill patients with low Ucr, SNN overpredicted Clcr by 10-20 ml/min. SNN also overpredicted Clcr values in obese patients, but use of IBW rather than ABW improved the correlation between measured and predicted values in this subgroup. The SNN nomogram is applicable to critically ill patients if adjustments are made in predicted values. The characteristics of patients with low Ucr and the mechanism responsible for the decreased Ucr deserve further study. PMID- 7246559 TI - Clinical pharmacists' contribution to patient care on a gynecological unit. AB - A retrospective study of the contributions of clinical pharmacists on a gynecological unit was undertaken, based on an examination of the clinical pharmacists' interventions in and recommendations for drug therapy. Intervention or recommendations were classified as to type and as to probable result had the pharmacist not intervened or made recommendations. Over an eight-month period, the clinical pharmacist intervened in or made recommendation in 227 instances (0.8% of all medication orders). It was considered that two of the orders would probably have caused death had they been carried out, six could have caused toxicity and possible death, and 39 could have led to serious toxicity. The quality of patient care seemed to have been positively affected by having the clinical pharmacist in the patient care area. PMID- 7246555 TI - Estimating creatinine clearance in morbidity obese patients. AB - Estimates of creatinine clearance (Clcr), using five methods, were compared to measured Clcr in morbidity obese patients. Patients whose total body weight (TBW) was greater than or equal to 195% of their ideal body weight (IBW) and who had urinary Clcr measured with 24-hour urine collections were studied. The 12 men weighed an average of 180 kg; the 31 women averaged 138 kg. The methods studied considered a combination of the following factors: weight, age, sex, and serum creatinine. One method was a nomogram; TBW could not be used because of limitations of the nomogram. Both TBW and IBW were used in two methods that considered weight as a variable. Measured Clcr averaged 105.7 ml/min/1.73 sq m body surface area. All estimating methods using IBW significantly underestimated Clcr; all methods using TBW significantly overestimated Clcr. Two methods that did not include body weight as a variable predicted Clcr more accurately than did other methods, but there was still a significant difference between estimated and measured Clcr. None of the Clcr estimation methods is accurate in morbidly obese patients. PMID- 7246556 TI - Effect of pharmacist intervention on the use of serum drug assays. AB - The results of an investigation to (1) evaluate the use of serum drug assays (SDAs), (2) study the influence of clinical pharmacist monitoring and educational programs on SDA use, and (3) perform drug-related patient-care evaluations for the medical audit committee are reported. The components of the five-month study were a retrospective audit, education of physicians prescribing SDAs, and a concurrent reaudit. The four SDAs audited were digoxin, theophylline, gentamicin, and phenytoin. Criteria for appropriate use were defined by the audit committee and a clinical pharmacist. The criteria specified the indication for each drug, performance data, and dosage adjustments with SDA results. The clinical pharmacist presented two housestaff conferences on the appropriate use of SDAs and distributed educational materials to the attending physicians. An SDA report form was completed each time an SDA was ordered, and, whenever possible, the pharmacist met with the prescribing physician. Appropriate overall use of SDAs increased significantly (p less than 0.05). A significant improvement (p less than 0.05) was noted for each of the criteria. An estimated $2500 in patient charges was saved during the study; the cost of the clinical pharmacist's time was approximately $260. The authors concluded that clinical pharmacists, in conjunction with patient-care evaluations, can provide a cost-effective service in improving therapeutic patient monitoring based on SDA results. PMID- 7246557 TI - Use of a pharmacokinetic method for establishing doses of aminophylline to treat acute bronchospasm. AB - A pharmacokinetic method of establishing individualized doses of aminophylline in patients with acute bronchospasm was evaluated. Patients admitted to a hospital who required intravenous aminophylline for bronchodilation were studied. Blood samples were drawn before treatment for theophylline-content measurement. Loading doses were administered intravenously and half-lives and volumes of distribution were determined. Individualized constant-rate infusions based on pharmacokinetic data were then begun. Heart rate, nausea, vomiting, seizures, and serum theophylline content were monitored during the study. The mean age of the 55 patients in the study was 54.3 years (range: 7 to 87). Patients with congestive heart failure or liver disease numbered 32; 30 patients were smokers. At approximately 24 hours after the calculated constant-rate infusion was begun, 85% of the patients had therapeutic serum levels of theophylline; 11% of the patients had subtherapeutic levels and 4% had toxic levels. All measured concentrations were between 7.5 and 23.0 microgram/ml. The study method produced significantly more patients in the therapeutic range than would have occurred if previously reported standardized methods had been used (p less than 0.05). Most patients had a decreased heart rate after treatment. No other adverse effects occurred that were attributable to i.v. aminophylline. It is concluded that, for patients in acute bronchospasm, individualizing i.v. aminophylline doses with patient specific pharmacokinetic data can increase significantly the number of patients who rapidly attain therapeutic serum theophylline levels. PMID- 7246561 TI - Stability of methacholine chloride in bronchial provocation test solutions. AB - The stability of methacholine chloride (5 mg/ml) in 0.9% sodium chloride solution was measured. A reliable colorimetric assay (530 nm) based on the formation of a hydroxamic acid-iron complex was used. At appropriate time intervals, samples were removed from solutions stored at 4, 20, 37, 60, or 80 degrees C and assayed. The degradation of methacholine chloride followed apparent first-order kinetics of methacholine chloride followed apparent first-order kinetics at all temperatures, with observed half-lives ranging from 29.3 days at 80 degrees C to 693 days 4 degrees C. Methacholine chloride in 0.9% sodium chloride solution does not degrade as rapidly as previously suggested. According to an Arrhenius plot, storage of such solutions at 30 or 4 degrees C would result in not more than 10% degradation over a period of approximately two or five months, respectively. Thus, it should be possible to prepare stock solutions of this deliquescent drug. PMID- 7246560 TI - Effect of activated charcoal on ethanol blood levels in dogs. AB - The effect of activated charcoal on ethanol blood levels following oral administration of ethanol was studied. Six healthy laboratory dogs were administered 2 ml/kg of 95% ethanol diluted to a 20% solution. Blood ethanol concentrations were measured at 0.5, 1.2, and 3 hours after dosing. After a one week washout period, the same animals received an identical dose of ethanol preceded by 50 g of activated charcoal in a water slurry. Blood ethanol concentrations were again determined. Absorption of ethanol was significantly (p less than 0.005) inhibited by activated charcoal during the first hour after administration. Blood ethanol levels remained significantly lower (p less than 0.025) throughout the study in the activated charcoal group. Especially during the initial, critical hours of therapy, activated charcoal can significantly reduce the desired blood ethanol concentration required when ethanol is used as an emergency antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol poisonings. The use of activated charcoal is discouraged in poisoning emergencies where such oral antidote therapy is necessary. PMID- 7246562 TI - Compatibility of azathioprine sodium with intravenous fluids. AB - The effects of storage containers, diluent, temperature, and illumination on the stability and compatibility of azathioprine sodium were studied. Reconstituted solutions were stored in the manufacturer's vial and a plastic syringe. Diluted solutions were stored in mini-bags mixed with standard intravenous solutions (5% dextrose injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and 0.45% sodium chloride injection). Samples were stored at 4 degrees C in the dark and at 23 degrees C under constant illumination. Samples containing an internal standard, 6 methylmercaptopurine, were assayed by ion exchange chromatography at 0, 8, and 16 days. Accelerated decomposition studies at 70 degrees C also were performed to determine the chromatographic method's capability for separating azathioprine from its breakdown products. No solutions or admixtures differed significantly (p greater than 0.13) from initial concentrations after 16 days at 23 degrees C under constant illumination. Mixture with 5% dextrose injection caused precipitation by day 16. Azathioprine sodium reconstituted and stored in the manufacturer's vial or a plastic syringe at 4 degrees C formed a precipitate by day 4. Sterility is the limiting factor determining suitability for use of azathioprine solutions kept less than four days. PMID- 7246558 TI - Pharmacist selection of allergy medication based on patient response to trial regimens. AB - A trial medication package program was developed by an HMO for patients with allergic rhinitis, "hayfever," and related allergies. The use, patient evaluation, and cost savings of the program are reported. Physicians, nurse clinicians, and physician assistants refer patients into the allergy program for consultation with pharmacists. The pharmacists administering the program conduct a medication history, discuss the appropriate use of the medication in the trial package, and instruct the patient to call at the end of the trial for evaluation of the program, when two 30-dosage-unit refills for the most effective medication are available to the patient. The trial package consists of three sustained release antihistamine-decongestant preparations, a single-entity, short-acting antihistamine, and a single-entity, short-acting decongestant. The patient is charged $2 for the trial package program; the medication is provided by pharmaceutical companies at no cost. More than 300 patients were referred into the program in 1979. The program was evaluated as 'excellent-good' by 88% of 100 patients. The average savings were $3 per patient. PMID- 7246563 TI - Stability of cefamandole nafate and cefoxitin sodium solutions. AB - High-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods for the quantitative determinations of cefamandole, cefamandole nafate, and cefoxitin sodium were developed and used to study the stabilities of reconstituted solutions of the latter two antibiotics. Results from the HPLC procedures were compared with those from a previously reported colorimetric procedure. Solutions (2%) of cefamandole nafate and cefoxitin sodium in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and in 5% dextrose injection were studied at 24 degrees C and 5 degrees C. The colorimetric method, which is supposed to be specific for compounds with beta-lactam rings, gave misleading results because of the hydrolysis of the antibiotics. The results obtained by HPLC were reproducible and the procedure separated cefamandole, the hydrolyzed compound, from its ester (cefamandole nafate), which was essential for conducting these studies. The cefamandole solutions were stable for approximately five days at 24 degrees C and 44 days at 5 degrees C. The cefoxitin solutions were stable for 24 hours at 24 degrees C and for at least 13 days at 5 degrees C. PMID- 7246564 TI - Cimetidine hydrochloride compatibility. II: room temperature stability in intravenous infusion fluids. AB - The visual compatibility and chemical stability of cimetidine hydrochloride diluted in 19 intravenous infusion fluids were investigated. Cimetidine hydrochloride injection was added aseptically to large-volume parenteral solutions at concentrations of 120 and 500 mg/100 ml. Cimetidine concentration was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography initially and after storage periods of 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours at room temperature. Cimetidine hydrochloride in each of the dilutions remained visually compatible for one week, exhibiting no changes in color, clarity, or odor; pH values remained constant. The addition of cimetidine to Normosol-R pH 7.4 resulted in solutions having pH values of 6.3 and 6.0 at 120 and 500 mg/100 ml, respectively. Cimetidine remained chemically stable in each of the intravenous fluids studied. Cimetidine hydrochloride is visually and chemically stable for at least one week when added to the intravenous fluids studied at concentrations of 120 and 500 mg/100 ml and stored at ambient room temperature. PMID- 7246565 TI - Stability and sterility of cimetidine admixtures frozen in minibags. AB - The stability and sterility of cimetidine hydrochloride admixtures after freezing for extended periods were investigated. Cimetidine hydrochloride, 300 mg, was added to each of six 50-ml minibags containing 5% dextrose injection. The cimetidine concentration was determined and the bags were frozen for up to 30 days. After freezing for the appropriate length of time, the bags were thawed. Cimetidine concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography immediately and then daily for eight days while the admixtures were refrigerated. Sterility tests were carried out throughout the study. Data were analyzed by least-squares linear regression to test for trends. The cimetidine hydrochloride admixtures were stable while frozen for up to 30 days and for at least eight days following thawing when kept under refrigeration. Sterility of the admixture was maintained throughout the study period. PMID- 7246566 TI - Nafcillin-induced neutropenia in two children. AB - Two cases of nafcillin-induced neutropenia in children are discussed. A seven year-old girl was referred to the hospital after the pain and swelling in her foot persisted despite five days of oral penicillin VK therapy. Administration of intravenous nafcillin 150 mg/kg/day was started upon admission. The patient's leukocyte count was normal upon admission; further, her leukocyte and neutrophil counts were normal on the 10th and 17th days of hospitalization. After 22 days of nafcillin therapy, her leukocyte and neutrophil counts fell to 2300 and 162/cu mm, respectively. Three days after the nafcillin was discontinued, the leukocyte count was 5800/cu mm. The patient was given dicloxacillin 50 mg/kg/day, and had no recurrence of neutropenia. The second case involved a 28-month-old girl admitted to the hospital with fever, irritability, and skin rash. Her leukocyte count was normal upon admission. She received 10 days of penicillin G 100,000 units/kg/day, followed by 10 days of nafcillin 150 mg/kg/day, before neutropenia was discovered. On the ninth day of nafcillin therapy, here leukocyte and neutrophil counts were 4200 and 822/cu mm, respectively. Nafcillin was discontinued and cefazolin therapy was initiated at 100 mg/kg/day. Blood counts returned to normal, and there was no recurrence of neutropenia. Differential blood cell counts should be performed on patients receiving nafcillin, and, if neutropenia develops, nafcillin should be discontinued and treatment with a nonpenicillin antimicrobial considered. PMID- 7246568 TI - Clinical use of serum theophylline assays in a community hospital. PMID- 7246567 TI - Compatibility of aminophylline with hydrocortisone sodium succinate or dexamethasone sodium phosphate in 5% dextrose injection. PMID- 7246570 TI - Symposium on Congestive Heart Failure. Introduction. PMID- 7246569 TI - Thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly in a 59 year old man. PMID- 7246571 TI - Influence of oral prazosin therapy on exercise hemodynamics in patients with severe chronic heart failure. AB - In 10 patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure, changes in hemodynamic and cardiac performance at rest and during exercise were evaluated following short-term oral prazosin therapy. The median total dose of prazosin was 43 mg (range 23 to 95 mg) and the median duration of therapy was 47 hours (range 18 to 92 hours). Prazosin increased cardiac output and stroke volume significantly during exercise (both p less than 0.05) but not at rest (both p greater than 0.10). The magnitude of the increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during exercise with the addition of prazosin was also significantly less than that during conventional therapy, suggesting improved cardiac performance during exercise. Peak oxygen consumption, peak lactate concentration and rate of disappearance of the increased concentration of lactate induced by exercise, however, remained unchanged following prazosin therapy. These findings suggest that short-term prazosin therapy, as other vasodilators, improves cardiac performance during exercise but may not necessarily influence oxygen consumption. PMID- 7246572 TI - Prazosin and congestive heart failure: short- and long-term therapy. AB - Reviewed here are the data from 34 patients given prazosin for chronic intractable heart failure. In 13 patients in whom hemodynamics were measured after the fifth 3 mg dose of prazosin was given, no attenuation was found. The cardiac index increased from 1.77 +/- 0.13 to 2.5 +/- 0.13 liters/min/m2 (p less than 0.001), and the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 31,46 +/- 1.56 to 23.54 +/- 1.11 mg Hg (p less than 0.001). During long-term follow-up (15.9 +/- 1.5 months) the administration of spironolactone proved to be very useful. Within three months of starting prazosin therapy, none of the 15 patients discharged on a regimen of spironolactone needed readmission for edema, but 11 of the 13 patients discharged without a spironolactone regimen did. The addition of spironolactone or an increase in furosemide to the therapeutic regimen was helpful but a change to hydralazine was not. We concluded that prazosin causes short-term hemodynamic and long-term clinical improvement in patients with intractable heart failure; that spironolactone helps to prevent clinical attenuation but that more detailed studies are required to better characterize the attenuation to vasodilators seen in patients with congestive heart failure. PMID- 7246574 TI - Granulomatous tenosynovitis and carpal tunnel syndrome caused by Sporothrix schenckii. AB - Although the usual form of sporotrichosis is a lymphocutaneous lesion, Sporothrix schenckii can cause articular disease that is difficult to diagnose. We describe two patients with sporotrichosis who presented with tenosynovitis and the carpal tunnel syndrome. A tissue specimen is required for a precise diagnosis; granulomatous tenosynovitis suggests an infectious cause. Unless appropriate cultures for bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi are obtained, the diagnosis may be missed or delayed. Mouse inoculations may be required to isolate S. schenckii from tissue, which rarely shows the delicate fungus in histologic sections. Our patients were cured by a combination of synovectomy and the intravenous administration of amphotericin B. Sporotrichosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the carpal tunnel syndrome, particularly when surgical exploration discloses a granulomatous tenosynovitis. PMID- 7246573 TI - Therapeutic application of prazosin in chronic refractory congestive heart failure. Tolerance and "tachyphylaxis" in perspective. AB - The cardiocirculatory actions on the oral vasodilator prazosin were evaluated by cardiac catheterization, forearm plethysmography, echocardiography, treadmill exercise and symptoms in patients with advanced long-standing congestive heart failure. The administration of oral prazosin (2 to 7 mg) reduced forearm venous tone and forearm vascular resistance. Concomitantly, mean systemic arterial pressure and left ventricular filling pressure decreased, and the cardiac index increased. These effects of a single dose of prazosin on left ventricular function were rapid in onset, maximal at 1 hour and sustained for the entire 6 hour period of observation. After two weeks of outpatient therapy with 2 to 7 mg of prazosin four times daily, echographic end-diastolic dimension decreased, whereas the duration of treadmill exercise increased. Symptoms (dyspnea, fatigue, angina) were diminished throughout the course of prazosin therapy, and there was an improvement in the New York Heart Association functional class from 3.7 to 2.2. Thus, prazosin possesses sustained nitroprusside-like balanced dilator actions of the systemic arterial and venous beds, which are effectively translated into the beneficial hemodynamic effects of augmenting cardiac output and relieving excessive left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The delayed vasodilator tolerance that occurs in 30 percent of the patients is prevented by the prior use of aldosterone antagonists and is easily treated when present. Subacute hemodynamic suppression of beneficial prazosin vasodilator actions is transient and does not preclude successful sustained prazosin therapy of severe heart failure. PMID- 7246575 TI - Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with syncope secondary to tumor. Treatment and pathophysiology. AB - A patient with metastatic laryngeal carcinoma had glossopharyngeal neuralgia and syncope due to hypotension and bradycardia. Treatment of bradyarrhythmias failed to prevent hypotension. The administration of carbamazepine failed to prevent pain or syncope in this patient despite previous reports of success. Symptoms did resolve with intracranial section of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the upper two rootlets of the vagus. Plasma catecholamines were studied during a hypotensive episode. The values obtained demonstrated a suppressed sympathetic adrenergic neural response but an intact adrenomedullary response, suggesting that suppression of adrenergic vasoconstriction contributed to episodes of hypotension. The administration of intravenous atropine produced a transient increase in blood pressure suggesting that, in the presence of suppressed adrenergic vasoconstriction, cholinergic vasodilation may have contributed to the hypotension in this patient. PMID- 7246576 TI - Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania. A new type of treatable headache. AB - A new variant of cluster headache termed chronic paroxysmal hemicrania is described. The importance of recognizing this chronic, intractable headache syndrome is emphasized in view of the dramatic response to the drug, indomethacin. PMID- 7246578 TI - Syphilitic aortic aneurysm presenting with the superior vena cava syndrome. AB - In a 65 year old man with hemoptysis, chest pain, weight loss, clubbing of the digits and a large mediastinal mass, the superior vena cava syndrome developed. He was treated for malignancy with radiation therapy and corticosteroids, but he died shortly after his admission to the hospital. Autopsy revealed syphilitic aortitis with an aneurysm of the ascending aorta compressing the superior vena cava and right mainstem bronchus. The postmortem serology corroborated the morphologic findings of tertiary syphilis. In this report we emphasize the important, although now uncommon, association between the superior vena cava syndrome and aneurysm of the aorta. PMID- 7246577 TI - The clinical implications and the pathogenetic significance of circulating immune complexes in infective endocarditis. AB - Circulating immune complexes were determined with the 125I-Clq binding assay and the conglutinin binding assay in a prospective, longitudinal study of 40 patients with infective endocarditis, 34 patients with endocardial defects and nonseptic fever and 25 patients with septicemia without endocarditis. Fourteen patients with uncomplicated valvular lesions constituted a control group. Upon admission, 63 percent of the patients with infective endocarditis had a positive 125I-Clq binding assay versus 9, 12 and 7 percent, respectively, of the other three groups (p less than 0.001). The incidence of positive conglutinin binding assays became significantly higher during the course of infective endocarditis (53 percent) than during the course of nonseptic fever (21 percent), but, upon admission, this difference was not significant. The high incidence of Clq-binding immune complexes among patients with infective endocarditis could be attributed mainly to those patients with the characteristic features of subacute endocarditis. The incidence of circulating immune complexes in acute endocarditis was low and did not contribute to making the clinically important distinction from septicemia without endocarditis. A rise in the 125I-Clq binding assay levels during the course of infective endocarditis correlated significantly (p less than 0.01) with failure of antibiotic treatment. With the 125I-Clq binding assay, significantly higher levels were found in patients with signs of renal involvement of cutaneous vasculitis than in patients without these extracardiac manifestations of endocarditis. These results show that the determination of circulating immune complexes has clinical implications for both the diagnosis and the management of infective endocarditis and that circulating immune complexes are probably involved in the development of glomerulonephritis and vasculitis. PMID- 7246579 TI - The clinical spectrum of renal cholesterol embolization. AB - Renal cholesterol embolization can occur spontaneously or as a complication of aortic surgery or major vessel angiography in patients with diffuse atherosclerosis. The demonstration of characteristic cholesterol crystals in tissue biopsy specimens is a pathognomonic finding. However, renal cholesterol embolism may be clinically diagnosed when renal failure develops after known inciting factors or together with systemic manifestations of atheromatous embolization such as lower extremity livedo reticularis, focal digital ischemia or retinal embolism. Previous investigators have emphasized the progressive nature of renal insufficiency due to cholesterol embolism, its poor prognostic significance and almost uniformly fatal outcome. In this report, we describe five additional patients with renal cholesterol embolization. In three of them only moderate renal insufficiency developed, and kidney function subsequently improved in all. In two patients the condition progressed to end-stage renal disease; one died with chronic renal failure whereas the other patient required four months of hemodialysis before kidney function eventually improved. Thus, cholesterol embolization may produce a spectrum of renal functional impairment. In some patients there is only a moderate loss of renal function with subsequent improvement; in others renal failure ensues. In this latter group, eventual return of kidney function can occur even after a prolonged period of renal insufficiency. PMID- 7246580 TI - Hypocalcemia with osteoblastic metastases in patient with prostate carcinoma. A cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism. AB - A 68 year old man with prostatic carcinoma and extensive painful osteoblastic metastases was discovered to have hypocalcemia (serum calcium 7.1 mg/dl) without evidence of hypoalbuminemia, renal failure or malabsorption. Baseline studies revealed hypocalciuria (24 hour urine calcium less than 5 mg/day), normal serum phosphate (3.4 mg/dl), low tubular reabsorption of phosphate (68 percent), undetectable serum calcitonin, normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, slightly elevated serum parathyroid hormone level and increased urinary cyclic AMP (8.87 mumol/g creatinine). These studies were compatible with secondary hyperparathyroidism. The intravenous administration of parathyroid extract produced no further change in urinary phosphate but a 25-fold increase in nephrogenous cyclic AMP. Three days administration of intramuscular parathyroid extract slowly and temporarily restored serum calcium to normal levels while increasing urinary cyclic AMP and phosphate. Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil rendered the patient free of pain while reducing serum acid and alkaline phosphatase levels and restoring serum total and ionized calcium and urinary cyclic AMP excretion to normal. PMID- 7246581 TI - Calcification in end-stage kidneys. AB - This study was carried out to determine the frequency and to quantitate the severity calcium-phosphate deposits in end-stage kidneys. In 57 of 59 end-stage kidneys obtained from patients with a variety of different renal diseases, calcium levels were greater than 2 standard deviations (SD) above control values. The mean calcium concentration was 157 +/- 24 mmol/kg dry defatted tissue in the end-stage kidneys as compared to 17 +/- 1 mmol/kg in the control kidneys. Histologically, calcium was deposited in the cortical tubular cells, basement membranes and interstitium. It would appear that calcification occurred during the course of renal failure rather thant terminally in that the kidney calcium concentration bore no relationship to the calcium X phosphate product, and the calcium concentration in the kidneys of uremic patients undergoing dialysis (144 +/- 23 mmol/kg) was no greater than that found in uremic patients not undergoing dialysis (188 +/- 62 mmol/kg). It is suggested that calcification may damage the diseased kidney accelerating the rate of renal functional deterioration. PMID- 7246582 TI - The relationship arrhythmias and conduction disturbances to other manifestations of cardiopulmonary disease in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). AB - Disorders of rhythm and conduction are characteristic of the cardiac involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), but their over-all frequency in PSS is not well established. Therefore, 46 ambulatory patients with PSS underwent several tests of cardiopulmonary function, including a 24-hour continuous electrocardiogram (Holter monitor). Conduction disturbances (sinus node dysfunction, first-degree heart block, pre-excitation), supraventricular arrhythmias (supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, premature contractions of atrial or junctional origin) and ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, multifocal premature contractions) were observed on Holter monitoring in 26 subjects. Although these arrhythmias and conduction disorders were predictably observed in patients who complained of palpitations or syncope, or who had an electrocardiogram which showed first-degree heart block, ventricular bigeminy, left anterior superior hemiblock, prolonged p wave, right or left axis deviation, right or left ventricular hypertrophy, pathologic Q waves or low voltage, they were often found in patients who lacked other clinical evidences of heart disease. Arrhythmias and conduction disturbances were not significantly more frequent among patients with cardiomegaly or interstitial change on chest roentgenogram nor were they related to the presence or severity of abnormal lung function. This study suggests that Holter monitoring may be a valuable adjunct in evaluating heart disease in PSS. PMID- 7246583 TI - Urinary excretion of reduced metabolites of digoxin. AB - The urinary excretion of the relatively cardioinactive reduced metabolites of digoxin, dihydrodigoxin and related compounds was measured by radioimmunoassay in 131 normal subjects during studies of the bioavailability of digoxin preparations. Digoxin reduction products (DRP) constitute more than 5 percent of the excretion of digoxin and its metabolites in one-third of the volunteers after the administration of single or multiple doses of digoxin. There was little or no output of DRP during the first 8 hours after a single dose, with maximal excretion usually occurring on the second day. Most subjects who excreted more than 5 percent DRP on one occasion did so with each subsequent exposure to digoxin. Six volunteers, however, in whom substantial amounts of DRP had previously been found, failed to excrete detectable quantities after subsequent doses. In two, this change occurred shortly after they took erythromycin. Urinary DRP were less after the intravenous administration compared to the oral administration of digoxin. After oral doses, DRP excretion tended to vary inversely with the bioavailability of the preparation. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that DRP are formed as the result of the activity of a variable component of the intestinal flora. Prospective studies will be necessary to prove this hypothesis. PMID- 7246584 TI - The pharmaceutical industry and academe: partners in progress. AB - The relations between the pharmaceutical industry and academe are examined. It is concluded that although each has its own particular contributions to society, a more important issue is to explore and expedite innovative mechanisms for mutually advantageous collaboration which maximize the interest and expertise of both. The impact of present regulatory mechanisms on pharmaceutical research is discussed. PMID- 7246585 TI - Saccharin and society. PMID- 7246586 TI - Colorimetric rate method for the determination of creatinine as implemented by the Beckman Creatinine Analyzer 2. AB - We evaluated the performance characteristics of the Beckman Creatinine Analyzer 2, a kinetic colorimetric analyzer which utilizes a modified Jaffe reagent. The instrument gave linear measurements to at least 300 mg/L and its within-run precision on a 50 mg/l creatinine standard was 1.1%. Its between-day precision on the 50 mg/L creatinine standard was less than 5.0%. Its results correlated well with those from the manual Jaffe. CentrifiChem System 400, TechniconTM SMATM 6/60 System, and TraceTM systems I and III. Interferences from 19 possible serum constituents and 32 drugs were almost nonexistent. The extended linear range of the Creatinine Analyzer 2 allowed the direct assay of samples from patients undergoing periodic hemodialysis. PMID- 7246587 TI - Hematology problem. PMID- 7246588 TI - Laboratory economics: a personal perspective. PMID- 7246589 TI - House adopts position papers. PMID- 7246590 TI - Evaluation of clinical laboratory instruments. Part II. use and abuse of statistical tools. PMID- 7246591 TI - Predicting academic performance in medical technology: a university-based program in retrospect. AB - In a study of the relative contribution of two achievement measures and five aptitude measures in determining three measures of academic performance, an achievement measure in combination with an aptitude measure provided the most efficient explanations. Stepwise multiple regressions were performed on data from 112 medical technology graduates to determine that science grade point average (GPA) and Nelson-Denny Combination sub-score significantly predicted professional GPA. Additionally, science GPA and the Otis Test score explained the variations in both certification examination performance and comprehensive examination performance. PMID- 7246593 TI - Microbiology problem. PMID- 7246592 TI - Three-pool analysis for quality control: a method for daily differentiation of analytic error from random variability. AB - Using the Z statistic we have devised a novel, mathematically simple concept for daily quality control of laboratory procedures. The method allows rapid identification and differentiation of systematic errors from random variability on a daily basis, increases confidence in the accuracy of reported results, reduces the number of repeat analyses, and allows the analyst to detect a deteriorating quality control pool. Using three controls instead of one or two increases the chance of detecting out-of-control situations and uses simplified statistical calculations summarized on a single graphic wall chart to monitor the daily accuracy and precision of analytic procedures. The method is adaptable to any type of specimen quantitatively analyzed and can be used in large or small laboratories with light or heavy workloads. This paper reflects what happens in a small laboratory with only one run each day, but, the system has been tested in a large community hospital with a heavy workload and multiple runs each day. Although this procedure is presented for the clinical laboratory, the method would be equally useful in industry. PMID- 7246594 TI - Hospital postgraduate training: factors affecting prospective interns' ranking of a municipal hospital program in internal medicine. AB - This study examines the statistical relationship between potential influencing factors and the rank that prospective intern applicants assigned to Boston City Hospital in the National Internship and Residency Matching Program. Types of factors examined include personal considerations, the applicant's experience during the personal interview, hospital attributes, the academic program itself, and perceived house officer experience. A brief questionnaire was mailed to prospective interns ranked by the Department of Medicine. Analysis of questionnaire data indicates that personal reasons and two hospital characteristics, ancillary staff and type of hospital, were predominant influencing factors. PMID- 7246595 TI - Reevaluation of diagnostic histoplasma serologies. AB - There are few quantitative guidelines for the interpretation of serologic tests for histoplasmosis. Furthermore, guidelines that have been proposed are not accepted generally. This report reviews experiences with complement fixation and latex agglutination tests performed in a large acute-care hospital in an endemic area, and depicts the relationship between the proportion of false-positive reactions and the titer at which the serologic tests were reactive. We noted a considerable number of false-positive reactions for these widely-used tests. Use of a battery of standard tests for histoplasmosis resulted in a 90% decrease in false-positive reactions. Reliance upon multiple positive results in such a battery of tests would result in failure to detect 50% of cases of disseminated histoplasmosis, but would eliminate most false positives. PMID- 7246596 TI - Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. AB - A 35-year-old woman was seen because of a two-year history of exertional dyspnea. She had a high-pitched systolic and diastolic murmur and evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. Increased hemoglobin oxygen saturation was noted as the level of the pulmonary trunk, and indocyanine green dye curves were characteristic of a left-to-right shunt. Aortic root angiography revealed that the right coronary artery arose from the pulmonary trunk and that blood flow was reversed. The incidence, clinical manifestations, and therapy of this rare syndrome are reviewed. PMID- 7246597 TI - Hyperthyroxinemia and hypotriiodothyroninemia with clinical euthyroidism. AB - A clinically euthyroid woman had substernal goiter and thrombocytopenia. There was a striking elevation in serum thyroxine (T4) level when the level of triiodothyronine (T3) ws low, reverse T3 (rT3) was normal I131 uptake was suppressed, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was blunted. The elevation of T4 was transient and required no treatment. Postmortem examination revealed a thyroid gland that showed only multinodular goiter. Multiple factors contributed to the dissociation between T4 and T3 levels. There was a lack of clinical symptoms in the face of high T4 and normal T3. The report stresses the need for thorough evaluation of thyroid function in such cases before instituting treatment. PMID- 7246598 TI - Acute tubular necrosis following high-dose cefamandole therapy for Hemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis. PMID- 7246600 TI - Brief clinical report: an infant with duplication of 17q21 lead to 17qter. AB - Duplication of the distal part of 17q has been reported in 4 patients [1,2]. We are reporting clinical, autopsy, and cytogenetic data on an additional patient whose condition was due to a familial translocation in which the patient's chromosome constitution is 46,XX, der(4),t(4;17)(p16;q21) pat. The phenotype of the five known patients with this duplication is very similar, and their manifestations are distinct enough to be clinically recognizable. Abnormalities common to all five patients are severe growth impairment, craniofacial anomalies with severe hypertelorism, frontal bossing and temporal narrowness, a widow's peak, narrow palpebral fissures, a thin upper lip overlapping a thin lower lip with down-turned corners of the mouth, micrognathia, apparently low-set and deformed ears, short webbed neck, and hyperlaxity of the limbs. PMID- 7246599 TI - Severe leukopenia and mild thrombocytopenia after chronic bromocriptine (CB-154) administration. AB - A 23-year-old woman was receiving bromocriptine (CB-154, 7.5-10 mg/day, for a hyperprolactinemic galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome. She also had insulin dependent diabetes. After three months the bromocriptine therapy was stopped because she developed severe leukopenia (leukocyte counts about 1,800/cu mm) and mild thrombocytopenia (platelet count about 130,000/cu mm). Five months after stopping the bromocriptine therapy, the leukocyte count returned to normal (4,400/cu mm), as did the platelet count (238,000/cu mm). Prior to bromocriptine therapy, the patient's leukocyte and platelet counts ranged between 5,500 and 6,000/cu mm and 250,000 and 300,000/cu mm, respectively. While taking bromocriptine she was on insulin maintenance therapy and took no other drugs. Regular menses had returned and spontaneous galactorrhea had disappeared during bromocriptine therapy, and serum prolactin levels became normal. After stopping bromocriptine therapy the patient again became basally hyperprolactinemic and amenorrheic, with spontaneous galactorrhea. The article discusses possible mechanisms of this hematologic reaction. PMID- 7246601 TI - Spondylocostal dysostosis associated with anal and urogenital anomalies in a Mennonite sibship. AB - Spondylocostal dysostosis, anal atresia, and urogenital anomalies were observed in two male infants of a consanguineous Mennonite couple. A careful review of previously reported syndromes of severe vertebral abnormalities and/or imperforate anus suggests that our patients have a previously undescribed recessive disorder that should be included in the differential diagnosis of rib and vertebral anomaly syndromes. PMID- 7246602 TI - Human chromosome heteromorphisms in Americans Blacks: II. Higher incidence of pericentric inversions of secondary constriction regions (h). AB - Eighty normal American blacks were studied by the CBG technique (C-bands by barium hydroxide using Giemsa) for estimation of size and inversion heteromorphism of chromosomes 1, 9, and 16, and the data were compared to those of whites using subjectively defined criteria. Size and inversion heteromorphisms were classified into 5 levels. The frequencies of size hetromorphisms of chromosomes 1 and 16 were 10.63% and 6.88%, respectively, which are not significantly different from those of a normal population of whites. A higher incidence of size heteromorphisms for chromosome 9 was noted in whites (47.5% vs 30%). The frequencies of inversion heteromorphism of chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 were 17.5%, 21.9%, and 0.0%, respectively. Overall, 61 chromosomes were found to have an inversion. Of these, 28 were in chromosome 1, and 33 were in chromosome 9. A higher incidence of inversion heteromorphisms of chromosomes 1 and 9 was noted in American blacks, while no inversions were found in chromosome 16 in either population. A significant association of increased size of the h region with inversion (r = 0.99 P less than 0.01) is demonstrated, ie, enlarged h regions have a higher frequency of inversions. PMID- 7246603 TI - Pentasomy X: report of patient and studies of X-inactivation. AB - A five-year-old girl presented with mental retardation (MR), microcephaly, short stature, ptosis, malocclusion, abnormal elbows, fifth finger clinodactyly, joint hyperextensibility in hands and feet, renal hypoplasia, nonobstructive ureteral stasis, pyelonephritis, and renal failure. Five X chromosomes (49,XXXXX) were found in all peripheral blood lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts examined. Xa RBC typing, utilizing serial dilutions of antiserum, gave agglutination at a higher titer than in either Xg(a+) positive parent; the patient's serum IgM was also elevated. These immunological findings imply a lack of dosage compensation and incomplete inactivation of some X-linked loci. PMID- 7246604 TI - The genetic dynamics of disease. AB - The notional principles of the genetics of disease are broadly discussed. Disease is an intrinsically vague term that represents the incongruity between the inner milieu of the organism and the environment. Its dynamics, then, cannot be reduced to naive statements about selection which may operate, and operate conflictingly, on several different levels or organization. Evolutionary selection results from the advantage of complexity, and the fundamental theorem of genetic dynamics - that mutational debts must eventually be paid in full-may be false or, at best approximate. The traditional models (mendelian, galtonian, and threshold) are set in a context that identifies certain features of disease that hitherto have been totally ignored. Neither invention nor traditional analysis has been adequate. Models should be made individually adequate for the study of diseases; the diseases should not be trimmed to fit the models. PMID- 7246605 TI - The "long-thumb" brachydactyly syndrome. AB - A unique variety of brachydactyly associated with skeletal and joint anomalies and possible cardiac conduction defects has been observed in three generations of one family in a pattern consistent with autosomal-dominant transmission. This combination of anomalies has not previously been seen together as a single syndrome. We report clinical and radiographic studies in three of the four affected members. PMID- 7246606 TI - Brief Clinical Report: coloboma hypospadias. AB - We report a five-year-old boy with bilateral ocular coloboma, hypertelorism, hypospadias, and mental retardation. The father has hypertelorism and a deceased sibling had unilateral iris coloboma. This observation my represent 1) the BBB syndrome with coincidentally segregating coloboma; 2) discovery of coloboma as a new but rare component manifestation of the BBB syndrome; or 3) a new autosomal dominant pleiotropic syndrome. PMID- 7246607 TI - Double trisomy 48,XXX,+ 18 in a newborn. AB - We report the 6th case of double trisomy X and 18 ie, 48,XXX,+ 18. The infant lacked overlapping fingers, simian creases, and structural heart disease and is alive at 275 days. Two X chromosomes were late replicating. Anomalies of the hands and kidneys involved only the right side in the present case; review of the five previous cases of 48,XXX, +18 also showed that anomalies of kidneys, hands, and ears affected predominantly the right side in three patients. PMID- 7246609 TI - Familial Cushing Disease. AB - A 28-year-old woman and her niece presented with manifestations of the Cushing syndrome. Endocrine studies, including small-and large-dose dexamethasone suppression test confirmed the diagnosis of pituitary ACTH excess. The first patient had a sella of normal size and went into clinical and hormonal remission after external pituitary irradiation, and she has remained well of follow-up for 9 years. The niece had an enlarged sella turcica on tomography and is receiving a course of external pituitary irradiation. PMID- 7246608 TI - Deletions of different segments of the long arm of chromosome 4. AB - We report the clinical and chromosomal findings in 8 patients with deletions of the long arm of chromosome 4. Four of these patients appear to have terminal deletions beginning in band 4q31, and therefore, lack the digital 1/3 of the long arm of chromosome 4. We confirm that deletion of 4q31 leads to qter causes a recognizable syndrome, and we further define the phenotype of that syndrome. A 5th patient has a horter terminal deletion, ie, 4q33 leads to qter. This deletion causes a milder phenotypic expression than that seen in the severe 4q terminal deletion syndrome. The remaining 3 patients have interstitial deletions of the long arm of the 4th chromosome, including segments 4q21.1 leads to q25, 4q21.3 leads to q26, and 4q27 leads to q31.3. The phenotypic expression noted in these patients is variable in differs from the 4q terminal-deletion syndrome. PMID- 7246610 TI - Kaufman syndrome (hydrometrocolpos, polydactyly, and congenital heart disease) with pituitary dysplasia, choanal atresia, and vertebral anomalies. AB - An infant was found to have the previously known manifestations of the Kaufman syndrome (hydrometrocolpos, postaxial polydactyly, and congenital heart disease) but also imperforate anus, malrotation of gut, congenital hip dislocation, and urogenital sinus. All of these anomalies have been separately reported in other cases of the syndrome. Three previously unreported problems present in this case were choanal atresia, pituitary dysplasia, and vertebral anomalies; these may well be component manifestations of the syndrome and not sporadic occurrences in our patient. Of particular clinical importance were the hypoglucocorticism and the hypoglucocorticism secondary to the pituitary dysplasia. PMID- 7246613 TI - Duplication 3p syndrome: report of a new case and review of the literature. AB - A review of the 17 previously reported cases of duplication 3p and study of a new patient who has a duplication of the chromosome segment 3p21 leads to pter show a remarkably consistent phenotype among these patients and suggest some generalizations about prognosis. The manifestations include low birth weight, short stature, microcephaly, characteristic "square" face with temporal indentations, hypertelorism and/or telecanthus, epicanthus with a broad nasal bridge and large nasal tip, and down-turned corners of the mouth. Cleft lip/palate and eversion of the lips are common. The jaw is typically small and receding and the neck short. Congenital heart disease, gastrointestinal malformations, abnormalities on intravenous urography, and defective masculinization of the male infants are frequently observed. A predominance of whorls is present on the fingers. Nearly half of the cases died before 6 months. All affected children surviving beyond 1 year have been mentally retarded. PMID- 7246611 TI - Kaufman syndrome. PMID- 7246612 TI - Duchenne muscular dystrophy carrier detection using logistic discrimination: serum creatine kinase and hemopexin in combination. AB - Creatine kinase (CK) activity and hemopexin concentration were measured in 208 serum samples from 104 normal females and 22 obligate carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) 20-40 years old. Logistic discrimination was used to assess the effectiveness of the parameters alone or in combination in identifying DMD carriers. In this approach, a serum sample with particular CK, hemopexin, or a combination of CK and hemopexin values is given a probability that if drawn at random from a defined mixture of controls and carriers, it comes from a carrier. The carrier probability based on the biochemical tests can be directly combined with the carrier probability determined from a woman's pedigree to yield a final posterior probability that she is a carrier. When CK and hemopexin were considered individually, 65 and 27% of the carriers, respectively, could be distinguished from 95% of the controls. When the two tests were used in combination, 82% of the carriers could be distinguished from 95% of the controls. When the two-test method was applied to 93 possible carriers, 35 women were classified as carriers, whereas only 29 were identified using CK alone. This method can be extended to include other variables in order to further improve the identification of DMD carriers. It can also be applied to carrier detection in other genetic disorders. PMID- 7246614 TI - Genetic heterogeneity of XY gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome): H-Y antigen negative XY gonadal dysgenesis associated with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - A 16 1/2-year-old girl was studied because of ileitis, lack of pubertal development, and primary amenorrhea. She had a 46,XY chromosome constitution in lymphocytes in fibroblasts without structural defects of X or Y. She was H-Y antigen negative. This observation supports the concept of causal heterogeneity of XY gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome). Two groups have been established: (1) H-Y antigen-positive forms, which are more common, possibly due to gonad-specific receptor defects (total failure or reduced receptor affinity), (2) H-Y antigen negative forms possibly due to mutation in the H-Y generating system, either of the structural gene (presumably autosomal) or of a controlling gene (on the sex chromosomes). The H-Y antigen status may be of value in determining which patients are at risk for gonadoblastoma or dysgerminoma. PMID- 7246616 TI - Sterilization of the retarded. PMID- 7246615 TI - Familial midgut anomalies--a spectrum of defects due to the same cause? AB - We report three familial cases with congenital midgut anomalies: a father and his daughter with congenital midgut volvulus and a consequent intestinal obstruction and father's female sib with atresia of the ascending colon. A common hypothetical cause operating at different gestational periods will be discussed along with the possible genetic implications. PMID- 7246617 TI - Developmental screening tests in achondroplastic children. PMID- 7246618 TI - Cohen syndrome: further delineation and inheritance. AB - Four sibs, 2 males and 2 females, were found to have the Cohen syndrome. All had moderate mental retardation, microcephaly, hypotonia, and narrow hands and feet with elongated fingers and toes; 3 were short of stature (2.0-3.5 SD below the mean) with weight between 10th and 50th centile and truncal obesity. Most of the facial characteristics of the syndrome were present: exotropia, prominent ears, short philtrum, and high nasal bridge. Each manifestation varied in severity from one sib to the other. The younger girl also had rheumatoid arthritis. Mild delay of puberty was described in 3 of the sibs. However, one of them has delivered a male infant with normal appearance whose psychomotor development has been normal (as of 9 months). No endocrine problems were documented in the sibship. All patients had normal chromosomes. The data on this sibship support the hypothesis of autosomal recessive inheritance of the Cohen syndrome. Microcephaly and short stature should be stressed as frequent manifestations of the syndrome. The variable expressivity, even among sibs, may be responsible for the paucity of reports on the mildest forms of the Cohen syndrome. PMID- 7246619 TI - Nonprogressive cerebellar disorder with mental retardation and autosomal recessive inheritance in Hutterites. AB - We report a nonprogressive neurological disorder in at least 11 Hutterites with healthy but consanguineous parents. In several of the affected, hypotonia was noted at birth. Retarded motor and mental development became apparent during the first year of life. The age of unsupported walking varied from 5-21 years. Consistent signs were unsteady, broadly based gait and stance, exaggerated deep tendon reflexes mainly in the lower limbs, and mild to moderate mental retardation. Variable signs were extensor plantar reflexes (9/11), short stature (-2SD in 8/11), strabismus (7/11), small muscle mass (6/11), mild intention tremor (3/11), cataracts (1/11), and epilepsy (1/11). CAT scans in two affected sisters showed slight enlargement of the fourth ventricle in one and hypoplasia of the cerebellum in both. The disorder is probably the same as that described earlier under the heading, dysequilibrium syndrome. PMID- 7246621 TI - Spectrum of anomalies in the Meckel syndrome, or: "Maybe there is a malformation syndrome with at least one constant anomaly". AB - The Meckel syndrome comprises a variety of defects including the classical triad of occipital encephalocele, cystic kidneys, and polydactyly. The frequencies of the various defects are more accurately represented in the affected sibs of probands than in the probands themselves, since the latter are selected according to severity and preconceived notions of what constitutes the syndrome. In a series of 38 such sibs, all had cystic dysplasia of the kidney, 63% had an occipital meningocele, 55% had polydactyly, and 18% had no reported brain malformation. In families in which the proband had the classical triad, only 68% of the affected sibs had it. It is concluded that the diagnosis of Meckel syndrome may not be valid in the absence of cystic kidney dysplasia. In babies with encephalocele or anencephaly, pathologic examination, particularly of the kidneys, is important in determining risk of recurrence. This approach to estimating the variability of a syndrome might profitably be extended to other genetically determined pleiotropic conditions. PMID- 7246620 TI - Polymorphic variants in human chromosome 15. AB - We found eight polymorphic variants in human chromosome 15 using Q, C, Q-C and Ag NOR staining methods. These variants included brightly or dully fluorescent pericentric segments and satellites, giant satellites, increased amounts of short arm hetrochromatin (ph+) and darkly (C band-positive) or lightly (C band negative) Giemsa-stained pericentric Q-negative segments. These staining properties indicated that the entire short arm of 15 contained at least four distinct chromatin segments: Q-negative centromeric heterochromatin, a Q-variable distal segment, a Q-negative satellite stalk, and Q-variable satellites, in that order, from proximal to distal ends. The BrdU-Hoechst 33258-stained R bands (RBH) and high resolution G subbands were also studied for karyologic characterization of chromosome 15. Most of these variants were reported also in 13, but insufficiently documented in other D and G chromosomes. Together with polymorpic pericentric fluorochromes seen in 3 and 4, Yq, and nonpathogenic t(D;Yq), the pattern of these variants can be used as karyologic fingerprints for identification of each individual and his or her cell explants both in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7246622 TI - Genetic counseling clinics in Hungary. PMID- 7246623 TI - Primary absence-defects of limbs and dermatoglyphics. PMID- 7246624 TI - A/NJ/8/76 influenza vaccination program: effects on maternal health and pregnancy outcome. AB - One hundred eighty-nine women who were immunized with Influenza A/New Jersey/8/76 virus vaccine (InfA/NJ) just prior to or during their pregnancy were compared with a control group of 517 pregnant women who did not receive the vaccine. This longitudinal, prospective study demonstrated no association between immunization with InfA/NJ and maternal, perinatal, or infant complications. No teratogenicity was demonstrated, and the two groups of infants did not differ in physical or neurological assessments at birth and at 8 weeks of life. PMID- 7246625 TI - Appearance of gap junctions in the myometrium of women during labor. AB - Myometrial tissue from 29 women who underwent cesarean section in various stages of labor were examined quantitatively in the electron microscope. Gap injections were presented between smooth muscle cells with low frequency in women with a closed cervix and infrequent contractions of the uterus. There was a statistically significant correlation between increased cervical dilation or increased frequency of uterine contractions and increased area of gap junctions. Tissues from women in premature labor had more gap junctions than tissues from other women who underwent cesarean section either prematurely or at term. We propose that the formation of gap junctions may be stimulated by some physiologic change. The appearance of gap junctions may then terminate pregnancy by resulting in coordinated, synchronized muscle activity and dilatation of the cervix followed by expulsion of the fetus. PMID- 7246627 TI - False reactive nonstress tests in postterm pregnancies. AB - One hundred twenty-five postterm patients with reactive nonstress tests (NSTs) were studied between January, 1978, and September, 1979. Ten poor outcomes occurred for a false reactive rate of 8%. Included were four antepartum deaths, one neonatal death, one brain-damaged infant, and four cases of fetal distress on admission. The NST was misleading by giving false reassurance of fetal well being. The major mechanism causing acute fetal distress was cord compression, which frequently occurred with uteroplacental insufficiency, but occasionally without it. The oxytocin challenge test (OCT) was useful in unmasking problems of cord compression and may be a more sensitive indicator of fetal well-being and distress in the postterm patient. PMID- 7246626 TI - Human chorionic trophoblasts, decidual cells, and macrophages: a histochemical and electron microscopic study. AB - Human chorion, amnion, and adherent decidua were studied in term placentas obtained at spontaneous normal delivery and at cesarean section from women not in labor. There were no differences in morphologic features or in distribution of acid phosphatase reaction product in the two delivery groups--in trophoblasts, decidual cells, or macrophages of the decidual layer. No diffusion of acid phosphatase reaction product from lysosomes was evident. The significance of these findings is discussed in the context of current hypotheses concerning cellular event associated with labor. PMID- 7246628 TI - Amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol: a potentially useful predictor of intrauterine growth retardation. AB - Intrauterine growth retardation, a major complication of pregnancy, remains difficult to detect reliability prior to birth. In this retrospective study of 82 pregnancies which resulted in birth of small infants, preceding clinical factors and amniotic fluid (AF) maturity tests were examined for their ability to differentiate small for gestational age (SGA) from appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants of comparable weight. AF maturity tests included phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio (L/S), PG/PI, PG/S, PI/S, foam tests, and fat cell count. Discriminant analysis revealed that AF PG was potentially the most useful parameter for predicting the birth of an SGA infant. The predictive value of PG was related to the strong correlation of AF PG with term gestation. High AF PG could potentially predict SGA infants with a true positive rate of 60%; 64% of all SGA infants could be correctly identified by means of only AF PG. The results of this study suggest that, in selected high-risk pregnancies, amniocentesis late in gestation with determination of PG may be helpful in classifying small infants as either growth retarded or preterm. PMID- 7246629 TI - Oxytocin challenge test and intrauterine growth retardation. AB - On the basis of analyses of the nonstressed fetal heart rate test (NST) and the oxytocin challenge test (OCT) in 85 fetuses with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), the predictive power of NST/OCT on fetal outcome and the mechanism of a positive OCT in IUGR were investigated. These fetuses with IUGR exhibited high incidences of nonreactive NSTs (35.3%) and positive OCTs (40%) attributable to a combination of compromised placental function and diminished fetal reserve. Adverse fetal prognosis is most accurately predicted by the joint occurrence of a nonreactive NST and a positive OCT (92%). In such cases, when IUGR is strongly suspected, liberal use of cesarean section is recommended to assure good fetal outcome. PMID- 7246630 TI - Fetal biophysical profile scoring: a prospective study in 1,184 high-risk patients. AB - The results of a prospective clinical management based on fetal biophysical profile scoring method was evaluated in 1,184 referred high-risk patients. Six perinatal deaths occurred in the study group (perinatal mortality of 5.06 per 1,000); only one fetus suffered unpredictable and unpreventable death (true false negative rate 0.8 per 1,000). In addition, 13 fetuses with major congenital anomalies were detected as a result of ultrasound scanning for fetal biophysical activities. These data suggest that this method can be used effectively to screen and manage a high-risk population. PMID- 7246631 TI - The effect of electronic fetal monitoring on the incidence of cesarean section. AB - In an attempt to elucidate the effect of electronic fetal monitoring on cesarean section rates, a review was made of the experience before and that during the 7 years after the initiation of fetal monitoring at Vanderbilt University Hospital. When a comparison was made of the cesarean section rates in the 3 years prior to fetal monitoring with those over the subsequent 2 years, no change was observed, thus indicating that, in experienced hands, a liberal use of fetal monitoring in low-risk and high-risk patients does not necessarily cause a rise in the overall incidence of cesarean sections. During this time, the neonatal mortality rate fell approximately fourfold. On the basis of this study, the belief is that a liberal attitude toward delivery by cesarean section for patients with breech presentations and other high-risk conditions contributed more to the rise in cesarean sections at Vanderbilt University Hospital than did electronic fetal monitoring. With proper education of the clinician and correct interpretation of the findings, electronic fetal monitoring need not increase cesarean section rates, but rather should allow for a more accurate description of intrapartum life. PMID- 7246632 TI - Menstrual disorders in college students. AB - During the period January, 1978 to June, 1979, a total of 900 college students was seen in a university student health center. Among these, 14.6% (131/900) had menstrual disorders. Oligomenorrhea or secondary amenorrhea, the chief complaint in 72.5% (95/131) students, accounted for 10.6% (95/900) of the total population. When a selected group of students with oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea was investigated, most had elevated levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and normal/low levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) suggestive of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO). The significance of these findings in the development of oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea and PCO under stress is discussed. PMID- 7246634 TI - Atypical epithelial proliferations in the fallopian tube. AB - Between the years 1950 and 1979, thirty-nine diagnoses of "atypical epithelial proliferation in the fallopian tube" were made in the Gynecologic Pathology Laboratory at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. In this discussion, the criteria for histopathologic diagnosis of such alterations are described. This series demonstrated an association of the tubal proliferations with malignancy in the upper genital canal and exogenous or endogenous estrogen stimulation. However, progression of these proliferative conditions to invasive tubal cancer was not documented. PMID- 7246633 TI - Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas in women. VI. Absence of demonstrable adenomas in patients with altered menstrual function and abnormal sellar polytomography. PMID- 7246635 TI - Chemotherapy of advanced and recurrent endometrial carcinoma with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, and megestrol acetate. PMID- 7246636 TI - Reduced menstrual blood loss by release of an antifibrinolytic agent from intrauterine contraceptive devices. AB - Lippes Loop and Multiload intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) were fitted with silicone rubber sleeves which either did not contain any compound (blank) or contained the antifibrinolytic agent, epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA. In vitro measurements showed that the antifibrinolytic agent was released from the sleeves for a period of 20 days. After insertion into women, the blank Lippes Loop IUDs and Multiload IUDs as well as copper-containing Multiload IUDs caused a significant increase in blood loss beginning with the first menstrual cycle after insertion. The enhanced blood loss was generally retained during subsequent menstrual cycles. By contrast, the menstrual blood loss induced by IUDs containing EACA sleeves was not significantly greater during the first menstrual cycle after insertion that the preinsertion levels. When no more EACA was released, menstrual blood loss increased to approximately the same level as that observed with the blank and copper IUDs. Thus, release of EACA from an IUD retains menstrual blood loss at approximately physiologic levels. These results encourage the development of IUDs that are capable of releasing antifirbrinolytic agents over a long period so that the antimenorrhagic effect is maintained. PMID- 7246637 TI - Femoral node metastases with negative superficial inguinal nodes in early vulvar cancer. PMID- 7246638 TI - Loxosceles reclusa spider bite: a consideration in the differential diagnosis of chronic, nonmalignant ulcers of the vulva. PMID- 7246639 TI - Antenatal evaluation of fetal hydrocephalus with computed tomography. PMID- 7246640 TI - Massive ovarian edema. PMID- 7246641 TI - Intrauterine amputation in one monozygotic twin associated with amniotic band: a case report. PMID- 7246642 TI - Ovum recovery and transfer at the time of reconstructive tubal surgery: the rabbit model. PMID- 7246643 TI - Menstrual and lunar cycles. PMID- 7246644 TI - Safety of intra-amniotic injection of indigo carmine. PMID- 7246645 TI - Ethanol and premature infants. PMID- 7246646 TI - Cesarean hysterectomy for sterilization. PMID- 7246647 TI - Amniotic fluid assessement of Jra-sensitized pregnant patients. PMID- 7246648 TI - Unconjugated cortisol and corticosterone levels in amniotic fluid. PMID- 7246649 TI - Care of the premature infant. PMID- 7246650 TI - Risk of cardiovascular disease following hysterectomy. PMID- 7246652 TI - Delayed sexual development: a study of 252 patients. AB - A series of 252 patients with abnormalities of pubertal development are reported. Ovarian failure, followed by Rokitansky syndrome and then physiologic delay, are the most frequently encountered etiologies. Other etiologies are diverse and numerically less frequent. The average age of presentation, patient's height, somatic anomalies, diagnostic errors, and subsequent reproductive potential of each diagnostic group are reported. Only 35 (14%) of all patients presenting with abnormalities of pubertal development had subsequent normal reproductive potential. All of these patients were in the physiologic delay category. PMID- 7246651 TI - High cesarean section rate in trisomy 18 births: a potential indication for late prenatal diagnosis. AB - The frequency of and indications for primary cesarean section delivery of infants with trisomy 18 was evaluated retrospectively by reviewing the obstetric records of the 48 cases of trisomy 18 diagnosed over a 10-year period by three Genetic Centers in Philadelphia. From June, 1969, to June, 1974, four of 20 infants with trisomy 18 were delivered by primary cesarean section (20%). From June, 1974 to June, 1979, the primary cesarean section rate for trisomy 18 rose to 55.6% (15/28). These rates are considerably higher than those for the State of Pennsylvania during the same time intervals (6.10% and 10.00%, respectively). In the latter 5-year interval, 13 of 15 primary cesarean sections were performed for fetal indications, and "fetal distress" was diagnosed in 11 of the 13. The obstetric features of these pregnancies are reviewed. The basis for a clinical suspicion of trisomy 18 during the third trimester and the possible benefit of late-pregnancy prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis in selected cases are discussed. PMID- 7246653 TI - Estradiol and progesterone receptors in estrogen-primed endometrium. AB - Estradiol and progesterone receptor levels were measured in endometrial samples obtained from patients who were on different dosages of estradiol therapy and from women in the late proliferative phase of a normal menstrual cycle. Samples of blood were collected at the time of biopsy, and the levels of estradiol, estrone, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were measured in the serum. The patients were divided into five groups. The first group (controls) consisted of patients in their late proliferative phase. The patients in groups two, three, and five were receiving estradiol in various doses by pellet therapy, along with a cyclic progestogen each month. The women in the fourth group also had implantation of estradiol pellets but failed to take the progestogen as advised. In our series, the levels of cytoplasmic estradiol and progesterone receptors were markedly elevated in the no progestogen group compared to the controls. There was no significant difference in the levels of the receptors in the groups which took the progestogen as advised. PMID- 7246654 TI - Health problems encountered by nurse-practitioners and physicians in obstetric gynecologic ambulatory care clinics. AB - This study documents the distribution of health problems managed by obstetric gynecologic nurse-practitioners (OB-GYN NPs) and obstetrician-gynecologists in community-based ambulatory care settings, and examines the effects of provider group on the distribution of health problems. A proportional sampling technique was used in selecting a sample of 3,873 visits for analysis from a total of 5,889 patient visits made to three community-based clinics during an 18-week period from February to June, 1978. A Patient Encounter Form was devised to record basic encounter data and the health problems managed by providers. The International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9-CM) was used as the coding system. Results indicated: (1) in each clinic, the distribution of health problems based on the three-digit headings of ICD-9-CM differed significantly between the OB-GYN NPs and the obstetrician-gynecologists; (2) the distributions of frequently reported health problems were clinically similar for OB-GYN NPs and obstetrician-gynecologists; and (3) the distributions of health problems with V codes were clinically similar for the two provider groups. Data indicate the OB GYN NP caseloads are similar to those of obstetrician-gynecologists in frequently managed health problems and in wellness emphases. Nurse-practitioners are appropriate collaborators with obstetrician-gynecologists in the provision of primary health care for women. PMID- 7246655 TI - Plasma carnitine in pregnancy. AB - Plasma levels of total and free carnitine and acylcarnitine were determined in women pregnant for 28 to 42 weeks, and also in some of their fetuses. The finding was that the levels not only of free but also of total carnitine were very low in pregnancy. They were somewhat elevated in women with essential hypertension. Levels of acylcarnitine were significantly decreased in gestational diabetics, presumably because these women were treated with insulin. In nine cases examined, plasma levels of total and free carnitine and acylcarnitine were significantly higher in the fetuses than in their mothers. PMID- 7246656 TI - Effect of prostaglandin E2 on cervical compliance in pregnant ewes. AB - Cervical compliance increases dramatically at parturition in sheep independent of uterine activity. Recently, in vitro production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by the cervix has been shown to increase at parturition. This study investigated the effects of PGE2 on cervical compliance and uterine blood flow in pregnant ewes. Eight animals were chronically instrumented with pressure balloons within the cervical os and amniotic cavity, an electromagnetic flow probe on a uterine artery, and catheters in the maternal cervical os, femoral artery, femoral, uterine, and cervical veins, and fetal hindlimb vein. PGE2 (10 mg) was administered in a water-soluble gel into the cervical os every 4 hours times three doses at least 5 days after surgical preparation (124 to 142 days' gestation). In all eight ewes, cervical compliance increased within 8 to 12 posttreatment hours to levels comparable to that seen at spontaneous parturition. Five of the ewes did not progress into labor; compliance in these ewes returned to baseline 24 to 72 hours after the peak. Uterine blood flow was measured in five ewes during the PGE2 treatment and demonstrated no significant alterations. Maternal cardiovascular and fetal respiratory parameters were monitored throughout the experiment and remained stable. The present data suggest that PGE2 may be an important regulatory of the biochemical and physical changes which occur in the cervix at parturition. PMID- 7246657 TI - Evidence refuting a role for increased abdominal pressure in the pathogenesis of the heartburn associated with pregnancy. AB - As a model of pseudopregnancy, the lower esophageal sphincter pressure and plasma gastrin and basal gastric pH levels were determined before and after diuresis in 10 men with tense ascites due to cirrhosis of the liver. Prior to diuresis, when abdominal pressure was increased, sphincter pressure was increased. After diuresis, when ascites was no longer a clinical problem, sphincter pressure was normal. None of the men had heartburn or demonstrable acid reflux either before or after diuresis. In addition, no differences in basal fasting levels of gastrin or gastric pH were noticed before and after diuresis. This study refutes a role for increased abdominal pressure due to an enlarging uterus in the pathogenesis of the heartburn of pregnancy. Moreover, it is consistent with those studies which suggest that increasing progesterone levels seen during pregnancy induce a loss of basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure and thereby allow the occurrence of acid reflux which produces symptomatic heartburn. PMID- 7246658 TI - Campylobacter infections in pregnancy. Case report and literature review. AB - Campylobacter fetus is a major cause of venereally transmitted abortion and sterility in ungulates, and a recently recognized, common enteric pathogen in man. The role of the organism as a cause of human fetal wastage has not been delineated. We present a case of bacteremic campylobacter infection in a pregnant woman, and review the published cases of campylobacteriosis in pregnancy and the perinatal period. Systemic maternal infection may present either as prolonged febrile illness or fulminant sepsis, and transplacental spread may result in abortion, stillbirth, or early neonatal meningitis. Enteritis that occurs in infants born to women with campylobacter diarrhea may represent fecal-oral spread at or near the time of delivery. With improved microbiologic techniques and greater awareness by physicians, the prevalence and importance of campylobacteriosis in pregnancy should become better appreciated. PMID- 7246659 TI - Uterine blood flow distribution after indomethacin infusion in the pregnant rabbit. AB - The distribution of uterine blood flow (UBF) in the chronically instrumented pregnant term rabbit was examined before and after indomethacin infusion. A significant fall in placental but not myometrial blood flow was observed. The fall in placental blood flow was significantly higher in placentas which were implanted in the midsection of the uterine horn than in those implanted in both ends of the horn. The results suggest that different physiologic mechanisms may regulate the blood flows in the placenta and the myometrium. PMID- 7246660 TI - Intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring. V. Fetal heart rate patterns in the second stage of labor. AB - A total of 1,755 fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings of the second stage of labor was analyzed. The FHR patterns were classified according to the behavior of the baseline FHR and are listed in decreasing order of benignity: normocardia, transitory bradycardia, tachycardia, persistent bradycardia, and progressive bradycardia. Each category was further subdivided into four groups on the basis of association or nonassociation with early, variable, or late decelerations. Cord compression pattern were noted in over 50% of the FHR tracings and account for the majority of low Apgar scores and fetal acidosis. FHR abnormalities occurred in 91% of second-stage labor patterns, and were mild in most cases or of too short duration to influence fetal outcome. An effort was made to establish therapeutic guidelines based on the morphologic features, prognostic grading, and the etiology of the FHR patterns in the second stage of labor. PMID- 7246661 TI - The relationship between electronic fetal monitoring and Apgar score. AB - A study was made of the relationship between electronic fetal heart monitoring and the Apgar score in 14,350 babies delivered between 1970 and 1975 at Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. Simple comparison of Apgar scores in monitored and unmonitored babies showed no difference at 5 minutes. When we controlled for gestational age and other potential confounders, a different pattern emerged. In a group of obviously high-risk pregnancies, monitored babies had a more favorable distribution of 5-minute Apgar scores (3.8% instead of 7.2% with a score below 6, P = 0.020). This group contained the 7.4% of all babies who were greater than or equal to 36 weeks of gestational age at highest risk (with problems such as hydramnios, multiple pregnancy, placental complication, or malpresentation). A similar trend for babies less than 36 weeks' gestational age with the same obstetric complications did not achieve statistical significance. There was no evidence for benefit in the other risk categories. PMID- 7246662 TI - Fetal metabolic response to experimental placental vascular damage. AB - The fetal metabolic response to repetitive placental damage, produced by microsphere embolization of the uteroplacental circulation, was examined longitudinally in eight singleton fetal lambs and compared with similar data from seven controls. Significant morphometric fetal growth retardation was associated with an abrupt cessation of the normal increases in oxygen, glucose, and lactate uptake observed in the control animals. However, fetal blood levels and umbilical substrate quotients did not change. At the time of sacrifice, fetal oxidative metabolic rate was reduced significantly. The significance of these findings relative to intact fetal survival is discussed. PMID- 7246663 TI - Magnitude and duration of lung response to dexamethasone in fetal sheep. AB - Some cases of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) occur after optimal prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids. To explore whether some of these cases might be due to a transient effect of glucocorticoids on developing fetal lung, we studied nine chronically catheterized sheep fetuses after infusion of 500 micrograms of dexamethasone phosphate. Daily efflux of disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) from fetal tracheal fluid was measured. Three cases showed no response, two showed an early sustained rise in DSPC, and four showed an unsustained response. We interpret these data as indicating that the fetus may respond in a variety of ways to glucocorticoids, depending possibly on such factors as stage of maturity, sex, dose, and duration of exposure. PMID- 7246664 TI - A comparison between maternal, tocodynamometric, and real-time ultrasonographic assessments of fetal movement. AB - Fetal movements were simultaneously studied with maternal perception, tocodynamometry, and real-time ultrasonography. A comparison between these three modalities demonstrated good agreement. The percentage of agreement improved with increasing duration of fetal movements. For fetal movements lasting longer than 3 seconds, the agreement between ultrasonography and tocodynamometry was 95.6%. These findings suggest that tocodynamometry is a sensitive method for studying fetal movements. PMID- 7246666 TI - Correlation of shoe size and obstetric outcome: an anthropometric study. PMID- 7246667 TI - Rapid nonstress test evaluation. PMID- 7246665 TI - Nelaton catheter for gradual and safe cervical dilatation: an ideal substitute for laminaria. PMID- 7246669 TI - Effect of hormonal events in earlier life and socioeconomic status on age at menopause. PMID- 7246668 TI - Real-time ultrasound as an adjunct in the operative management of hydatidiform mole. PMID- 7246670 TI - Self-limited hyperthyroidism following intravaginal iodine administration. PMID- 7246671 TI - The in utero diagnosis of a posterior fossa intracranial cyst (Dandy-Walker cyst). PMID- 7246672 TI - Gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma in a true hermaphrodite with a 46,XX karyotype. PMID- 7246673 TI - Failure of lactogenesis associated with placental retention. PMID- 7246674 TI - X-ray pelvimetry. PMID- 7246676 TI - An explanation for the correlation between amniotic fluid optical density and the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. PMID- 7246675 TI - Associations involving environmental lead. PMID- 7246679 TI - Variation of the double uterus. PMID- 7246677 TI - Need for precise terminology in pelvic inflammatory disease. PMID- 7246680 TI - Uterine myomas during pregnancy. PMID- 7246678 TI - Surgery during pregnancy. PMID- 7246681 TI - Predictability of the distressed term infant. AB - The delivery of a distressed term infant is infrequent but often requires intensive therapy. This study investigates the primary causes for such distress and the period (antepartum intrapartum, neonatal) when each complication was initially recognized. During a 1-year period, 168 term infants (8% of 2,057 term deliveries) required admission to the newborn intensive care unit. The primary disorders were similar to those of 228 infants transported from community hospitals and involved suspected sepsis, metabolic problems, major anomalies, birth asphyxia, and respiratory distress. Only one third (59 cases, 35%) of the subsequently distressed infants was anticipated during the antepartum period. The term infant who requires more than routine nursery care cannot necessarily be predicted until labor or delivery. PMID- 7246683 TI - An analysis of maternal transport within a suburban metropolitan region. AB - Data on 185 infants transported for perinatal and/or neonatal care from suburban metropolitan hospitals were analyzed. Following birth, 100 infants were transferred from community hospitals. A total of 85 infants were transported in utero and delivered at a tertiary (Level III) perinatal center. Survival rate was 90% for infants transported in utero contrasted with 81% for the infant transports. This difference was not significant. When hospitalization cost and length of stay were used as an index of morbidity, there was a significant difference between the two groups. The mean hospitalization cost of survivors was $6,473 for in utero transports compared to $12,208 for infant transports (p less than 0.005). The mean length of stay for in utero transports was 19 days contrasted to 27 days for infant transports (p less than 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that in utero transports resulted in reduced morbidity for infants of high-risk pregnancies. PMID- 7246682 TI - Tuberculosis in association with pregnancy. AB - A review was made of the records of 27 patients admitted to National Jewish Hospital who developed or experienced a reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis during pregnancy or the first 12 month post partum. Sixteen patients had drug resistant disease, and 11 had drug-susceptible disease. The drug-resistant group had more extensive radiographic abnormalities(p less than 0.01), longer sputum conversion times (p less than 0.05), and a higher incidence of pulmonary complications and death (p = 0.05). Patients with tuberculosis associated with pregnancy have the same clinical presentation as nonpregnant patients. Tuberculosis during pregnancy should be treated, and the drugs that appear to be safest for the fetus include isoniazid, para-aminosalicylic acid, ethambutol, and rifampin. PMID- 7246684 TI - An approach to detection of placental separation and expulsion with new clinical signs: a study based on hemodynamic method and ultrasonography. AB - Since the conventional methods of detecting placental separation in the third stage of labor have not proved to be entirely reliable, a new method based on hemodynamic principles was developed with the use of signs which permit a more accurate assessment. This method consists of clamping the cord immediately after delivery of the neonate, pinching the cord on the placental side between the thumb and fingers, then squeezing the blood in the cord toward the placenta for a distance of approximately 10 to 15 cm. By sensing the presence or absence of backflow pressure in the cord while slowly loosening finger pressure on the cord, the state of the placenta can be assessed. This method and the criteria applied have been used in approximately 2,100 deliveries at St. Luke's International Hospital over the past 10 years, and assessment has revealed that the elicited signs correlated well with serial ultrasonographic findings and appeared distinctly and earlier than other signs conventionally followed. Moreover, the subsequent progress toward expulsion of the placenta could be determined through palpation. Thus, the obstetrician's routine use of this simple method may be helpful in the assessment of the state of placental separation and expulsion. PMID- 7246686 TI - Teratogenic hazards of oral contraceptives analyzed in a national malformation register. AB - During the period 1967-1976, prospectively collected data were available in the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations on the contraceptive usage of 3,002 mothers of children with malformations detected at birth, as well as of time matched and place-matched control mothers. The distributions of the various types of malformations were similar among contraceptive users (immediately prior to or during the pregnancy) and nonusers. The total incidences of various methods of contraception were also similar among mothers of malformed children and the control mothers. The risk ratio method for matched pairs allowed us to evaluate the strength of the observed negative correlation concerning oral contraceptives. Thus, we could exclude with 95% confidence any effect larger than 5% of oral contraceptives on the incidence of visible malformations. PMID- 7246685 TI - Pulmonary maturity studies in the evaluation of premature labor. AB - Amniocentesis was performed in 25 patients being treated with tocolytic therapy for premature labor, in an effort to determine the incidence of patients with mature lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios and to discover a possible effect of tocolytic therapy on pulmonary maturity studies. Optical density measurements at 650 nm (OD650) and L/S ratio determinations were performed on the amniotic fluid. Repeat amniocentesis was performed in eight patients from 48 hours to 7 days after initiation of tocolytic therapy. There was a poor correlation between OD650 values of 0.150 or greater and L/S ratios of 2 : 1 or greater (64.3% false positives); and in the eight patients who underwent repeat amniocentesis, there was no significant change in the L/S ratio. PMID- 7246688 TI - The effect of ultrasonography on midtrimester genetic amniocentesis complications. AB - Midtrimester amniocentesis for antenatal genetic diagnostic purposes is a relatively new procedure. The assumption that placental localization before amniocentesis will reduce the numbers of abortions, bloody taps, and missed taps has resulted in the routine use of diagnostic ultrasound for placental localization. This study consists of two groups undergoing midtrimester amniocentesis. The groups were distinguished by the use and absence of the use of ultrasound data prior to amniocentesis. Comparisons between the groups failed to support the contention that the routine use of ultrasound reduces the complications of midtrimester amniocentesis. Our findings support other published data concluding that the routine use of ultrasound does not help to reduce the number of midtrimester amniocentesis complications. PMID- 7246687 TI - The role of real-time scanning in antenatal fetal surveillance. AB - The additional value of real-time ultrasound scanning (RTBS) in antepartum assessment of fetal well-being was studied in 158 high-risk patients after a nonstress test (NST). Fetal breathing movements (FBM), fetal movements (FM), tonus (TON), and normal amniotic fluid volume (AFV) when present on RTBS were reliable signs of fetal well-being. These ultrasound markers of fetal well-being appeared to be as reliable indicators of good outcome as the reactive NST. Multiple indicators did not improve the accuracy of the prediction of normal outcome. All test results were normal in only about 50% of patients. In general, abnormal test results were poor indicators of poor outcome. Only when all parameters were abnormal were babies invariably affected. Five of six babies with major anomalies showed increased AFV, and seven of 13 growth-retarded or postmature babies demonstrated decreased AFV. The parameters obtained on RTBS appeared to be far more reliable than the contraction stress test (CST) in discriminating the truly abnormal fetus. Three babies with positive CST in this study had normal outcomes. These results, if confirmed in larger studies, suggest that RTBS after a nonreactive NST is an effective and potentially economical method of fetal assessment. PMID- 7246689 TI - Numerical analysis of the human fetal heart rate: modulation by breathing and movement. AB - Signal averaging has been used to identify the modulation of fetal heart periods (pulse intervals) by body movements and breathing, identified by a real-time ultrasound scan in normal pregnancies of 37 to 39 weeks. Accelerations were associated with fetal movements and were accompanied by arrest of fetal breathing and a decrease in beat-to-beat variation. They were commonly succeeded by decelerations, with an increase in beat-to-beat variation, within 15 to 20 seconds. In the absence of gross accelerations or decelerations, fetal breathing was associated with a high-frequency modulation of heart periods, measureable as a small increase in beat-to-beat variation. There was clustering of this characteristic pattern around and within fetal breathing episodes, which suggests that it may be a more sensitive index of breathing than visual identification with ultrasound. The conclusions are: (1) the grosser episodic changes in fetal heart rate are associated with the regular repetition of a pattern of accelerations and movements repeated at intervals less than 2 minutes; (2) fetal breathing episodes are independent of these gross changes; (3) beat-to-beat variation alters in a complex fashion and in different directions in association with physiologic changes. PMID- 7246690 TI - Measurement of fetal forelimb movements in the lamb in utero. AB - Forelimb movements in the unanesthetized fetal lamb in utero were measured by means of transit-time ultrasound in conjunction with triceps and biceps electromyographic activity. The relationships between forelimb movements and electrocortical activity, hypoxia, and spontaneous labor were studied. There was no evidence of diurnal variation. The amount of time spent moving in low-voltage electrocortical activity with rapid eye movements was significantly less than in other electrocortical states. During acute hypoxia, forelimb movements were much reduced. In active labor near term, the fetal electrocorticogram continued to cycle between high- and low-voltage activity, and the number of movements was reduced; movements were present only during uterine contractions, provided that the fetus was not in low-voltage electrocortical activity with rapid eye movements. PMID- 7246692 TI - Early invasive carcinoma of the vulva. PMID- 7246691 TI - Regulation of placental growth and chorionic somatomammotropin in the rhesus monkey: effects of protein deprivation, fetal anencephaly, and placental vessel ligation. AB - An isocaloric protein-deficient diet (0.5 gm/kg of body weight) was administered throughout pregnancy to 10 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Ligation of the fetal interplacental bridging vessels (n = 6) and functional fetal hypophysectomy (experimental induction of anencephaly) (n = 10) were performed at midgestation. Monkey chorionic somatomammotropin (mCS) concentrations were measured serially in maternal plasma and in fetal plasma at birth. Fetal weight, trimmed placental weight, and placental DNA content were determined near term in the experimental groups and in controls matched for gestational age. Maternal mCS concentrations rose steadily until term and this rise paralleled the increase in placental weight (mCS at term = 16.5 +/- 0.90 microgram/ml in maternal plasma and 0.024 +/- 0.001 microgram/ml in fetal plasma). At term, maternal mCS correlated with placental DNA (r = 0.61, P less than 0.01) and placental weight (r = 0.49, P less than 0.01), but not fetal weight. Maternal mCS levels were not affected by protein deprivation, fetal anencephaly, or ligation of the interplacental bridging vessels. Maternal protein deprivation had a negative effect on fetal birth weight (409 +/- 22 versus 472 +/- 18 gm for controls, P less than 0.05) and maternal weight gain during pregnancy but had no effect on placental DNA or trimmed placental weight. Fetal anencephaly resulted in a 23% reduction in trimmed placental weight, no change in placental DNA, a 40% reduction in fetal body weight, and a reduced fetal/placental weight ratio. Ligation of interplacental bridging vessels resulted in atrophy of the secondary placental disc, an increase in weight and DNA content of the primary placenta, and normal fetal weight. We have concluded that the hemochorial placenta of the rhesus monkey responds to interruption of the fetal villous circulation in the first half of gestation by initiating compensatory hyperplasia. Placental cellular replication in the second half of rhesus pregnancy in minimally regulated by the fetal central nervous system or the pituitary gland. Secretion of mCS is primarily controlled by the mass of functioning trophoblast. PMID- 7246693 TI - Estimation of a model of cumulative pregnancy following infertility therapy. AB - Life-table estimation of cumulative pregnancy curves following infertility therapy is an important tool for evaluating the effectiveness of therapy. However, a satisfactory method for summarizing an entire cumulative pregnancy curve in terms of a small number of clinically useful parameters is currently lacking. In the present paper, a model is developed in which cumulative pregnancy is expressed as a function of two parameters: the cure rate and the instantaneous probability of pregnancy among those cured. This model is applied to data on endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome, and the resulting predicted cumulative pregnancy curves almost perfectly follow the observed data. PMID- 7246694 TI - Prolactin production by luteal phase defect endometrium. AB - The production of prolactin (PRL) by explants of late secretory endometrium obtained during normal cycles (n = 61) and that by similar explants obtained during luteal phase deficient (n = 17) cycles was compared. The amount of prolactin produced in vitro correlated with the degree of histologic decidualization in both normal and luteal phase defect endometria. However, samples of luteal phase defect endometrium produced significantly less prolactin (p less than 0.01) than did control tissues of the same ideal menstrual dates. These data indicate that the amount of prolactin produced by late secretory endometrium in explant culture can be used as an additional criterion for the diagnosis of luteal phase defects and may also provide a method for evaluating the response of the endometrium to progesterone. PMID- 7246695 TI - Naproxen sodium, aspirin, and placebo in primary dysmenorrhea. Reduction of pain and blood levels of prostaglandin F2-alpha metabolite. AB - In a double-blind, crossover study of 32 women with primary dysmenorrhea, the analgesic efficacy of naproxen sodium was compared to that of aspirin and placebo. The treatment started 1 to 5 days before the onset of menses and continued for 3 to 5 days. At the same time, a radioimmunoassay established concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2-alpha, a prostaglandin F2-alpha metabolite (PGF-M) in blood samples obtained from before the treatment and on the first day of menses. In affording pain relief, naproxen sodium was superior to aspirin (p = 0.02) and placebo (p = 0.002); however, aspirin was not superior to placebo (p = 0.05). During naproxen sodium treatment, the patients' daily activities were less impaired than during both the aspirin and the placebo treatment courses. During naproxen sodium treatment, the mean blood PGF-M levels decreased by 73.5%, from a mean of 50.5 to 13.4 pg/ml; during aspirin treatment they decreased by 31.2%, from a mean of 44.2 to 30.4 pg/ml; during placebo treatment, an increase of 13.6% was observed, from a mean of 46.3 to 52.6 pg/ml. The PGF-M decrease during the naproxen sodium treatment was significantly more prominent than that during both aspirin and placebo treatments (p = 0.0001). Changes caused by aspirin treatment were significantly different from those occurring during the placebo treatment (p = 0.001). The study confirms that at the doses utilized in this study the analgesic properties of naproxen sodium are superior to those of the more conventional prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, aspirin, and that pain relief is related to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7246696 TI - Factors in the successful surgical management of basal cell carcinoma of the eyelids. AB - We studied the clinical and histopathologic features of 165 basal cell carcinomas of the eyelids and classified the tumors into four types (nodular, ulcerative, morphea, and multicentric) that differ in incidence, results of incomplete excision, aggressiveness, and recurrence. The value of frozen-section monitoring of the surgical margins was evident. In 39 cases excised with monitoring of the surgical margins by frozen sections, there were no recurrences. In 126 cases treated by excisional biopsy without frozen-section monitoring, 34 (26.9%) were incompletely excised and seven (5.5%) recurred. The surgical treatment of basal cell carcinoma should always include the use of frozen-section monitoring of the surgical margins. This is especially important in the morphea, multicentric, and ulcerative types, in which the invasive extent of the tumor is often not apparent clinically. These forms are also more aggressive. PMID- 7246698 TI - The long-term course of multifocal choroiditis (presumed ocular histoplasmosis). AB - We studied 40 patients with the presumed ocular histoplasmosis triad for ten to 15 years. Another patient developed the choroidal features of the syndrome in previously normal eyes. The basic lesion is a nodular choroidal infiltrate that evolves from clinically and angiographically normal retina. It is initially hypofluorescent and has an overlying serous detachment. It evolves through episodes of serous detachment and hyperfluorescence into a choroidal scar with breaks in Bruch's membrane and occasional subretinal neovascularization. Seven of 42 eyes (16.6%) developed new choroidal infiltrates in choroid and retina that were clinically and angiographically normal more than ten years ago. After ten years about 50% of eyes with central scars will have visual acuity changes of 3 or more lines because of progressive remodeling and extension of the disciform scar. Nine of 40 fellow eyes (22.5%) sustained a disciform process during the entire follow-up period. One patient developed typical choroidal lesions in previously normal fundi. Results of extensive physical and laboratory tests for histoplasmosis and other diseases were normal. PMID- 7246697 TI - Two cases of suspected familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. AB - We studied two children who died of suspected familial erythrophagic lymphohistiocytosis. The first child, a 7-year-old boy, had fever, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, bilateral choroidal effusions, diabetes insipidus, and marked meningitis with increased cerebrospinal fluid protein. Ocular histologic studies disclosed diffuse choroidal infiltrates consisting of atypical mononuclear cells with foamy cytoplasm. Similar histologic changes were seen in the lungs, liver, brain, and kidneys. The second child, the 5-year-old male cousin of Patient 1, had fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary infiltrates, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Histologic changes were similar to those in the first case, but viral particles of the herpes simplex virus group were noted in brain tissue as well. The findings of virus particles in this histiocytic proliferative disease suggested a defect in the inflammatory response in these patients. PMID- 7246699 TI - Diagnosing acute retrobulbar neuritis by vitreous fluorophotometry. AB - We studied six patients with acute retrobulbar neuritis (including two with definite multiple sclerosis) during acute episodes and in convalescence, clinically and with fluorescein angiography and vitreous fluorophotometry. We compared vitreous fluorophotometric readings with visual-evoked responses. In seven of ten eyes with abnormal visual-evoked responses, there was an acute increase in posterior vitreous fluorophotometric readings. Vitreous fluorophotometry may be useful as objective evidence of (1) acute retrobulbar neuritis, (2) involvement of the asymptomatic eye in acute retrobulbar neuritis, (3) the duration of neuritic inflammation in acute retrobulbar neuritis, (4) a recurrence of acute retrobulbar neuritis, (5) alterations in the blood-ocular barrier in patients with acute retrobulbar neuritis in multiple sclerosis, and (6) the effects of corticosteroids and other therapeutic agents in the treatment of acute retrobulbar neuritis. PMID- 7246700 TI - Narrow-band (540NM) green-light stereoscopic photography of the surface details of the peripapillary retina. AB - We used narrow-band (540-nm) green-light stereoscopic fundus photography to study the surface details of the peripapillary retina in 14 patients. Each photograph was divided into four areas; the papillomacular bundle, the upper arcuate bundle, the lower arcuate bundle, and the nasal sectorial fibers. We scored each area on a scale of 0 (normal) to 3 (total loss of nerve fiber layer), and compared these scores to those obtained by testing the corresponding visual fields. The scores were the same in 88 of 111 comparisons; the retinal scores were higher in 17 comparisons and the visual field scores were higher in six comparisons. This photographic technique makes the nerve fiber layer easier to see and evaluate and the detection of defects becomes less difficult. PMID- 7246701 TI - The effect of pH and osmolarity on the ability of tolerate artificial tears. AB - Many patients with keratitis sicca complain that the commercially available artificial tears burn when they are instilled and fail to relieve their distressing symptoms. We examined the effects of altering both the pH and osmolarity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose tear substitute on the tolerance of 15 patients with varying degrees of keratitis sicca. Approximately equal numbers of patients selected the neutral hypotonic tear preparations and the isotonic or near-isotonic alkaline tear substitutes. The isotonic alkaline tear preparation was preferred by the majority of our patients with moderate or severe dry eyes. A commercially available alkaline tear substitute is needed. PMID- 7246702 TI - The lack of toxicity of intravitreally administered triamcinolone acetonide. AB - We gave one eye of each 21 rabbits an intravitreal injection of 1 mg of triamcinolone acetonide; the other eye received an injection of an equal volume of saline solution as a control. Results of slit-lamp examinations, ophthalmoscopy, intraocular pressure, electroretinography, and light electron microscopy all remained normal throughout the three-month course of the experiment, demonstrating the lack of ocular toxicity of triamcinolone acetonide in the rabbit. PMID- 7246703 TI - Fixation techniques for secretory component in human lacrimal gland and conjunctiva. AB - We compared biopsy specimens of human lacrimal gland and conjunctiva preserved by alcohol-acetic acid with the same tissues preserved by freezing to find secretory component. Secretory component was found in lacrimal gland preserved both by alcohol-acetic acid and by freezing. The structure of the tissue was better preserved with the alcohol-acetic acid fixation. Three of eight conjunctival specimens preserved by alcohol-acetic acid showed weak staining for secretory component in a few superficial epithelial cells. We found nonspecific staining of the conjunctiva with the control antiserum, rhodamine-labeled goat antibovine serum. Two specimens preserved by freezing were unreadable; four of the remaining six stained nonspecifically with the remaining two specimens stained with neither the control nor the experimental antiserum; the second may have had more staining with the experimental antiserum than with the control. We found no evidence for including the conjunctiva in the secretory IgA immune system. PMID- 7246704 TI - Bilateral herpetic keratitis during measles. PMID- 7246705 TI - New scleral plugs for use during vitrectomy. PMID- 7246706 TI - Incision spreader for radial keratotomy. PMID- 7246708 TI - Acquired cyclic esotropia in an adult eye. PMID- 7246707 TI - Dangers of similar packaging. PMID- 7246709 TI - Incision size needed for Kelman intraocular lens. PMID- 7246710 TI - Geographic distribution of occupational therapists. AB - This paper reports the findings of a recent study conducted to determine whether there is an appropriate distribution of occupational therapists in the United States. A method for an analysis of requirements for occupational therapists was developed to assess whether, given requirements indicators in each county, the current distribution is appropriate. As a final stage of the analysis, three groups of counties were singled out for special attention: 1. those with no occupational therapists; 2. those with low levels of relative supply of occupational therapists; and 3. those with high levels of relative supply of occupational therapists. These groups were compared in order to determine whether differences exist in demographic characteristics and health status indicators that might be associated with differences in the supply of occupational therapists in each group of countries. Conclusions and discussion of potential policy implications were drawn from the descriptive and analytic findings. PMID- 7246711 TI - The delineation of the role of entry-level occupational therapy personnel. AB - The role assumed by occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants during the first year of practice was delineated as part of an examination development project. The methods used to collect and analyze data obtained from several hundred therapists, assistants, and supervisors are described. A section of the results is presented to illustrate the differences and similarities found between the two levels of personnel. PMID- 7246712 TI - Criterion-referenced measurement in the college classroom. AB - One format was presented that met the practical parameters of classroom education while improving the clarity and effectiveness of classroom testing, and facilitating the assurance of future practitioner competence. While employing criterion-referenced testing, this format did not adhere strictly to a competency based model, nor were test questions evaluated for statistical validity or reliability. Criterion-referenced measurement has the potential to be a meaningful tool in professional education, but it is not a panacea for educational demands. Difficult questions confront every educator who considers using criterion-referenced measurement toward a goal of student mastery. Criterion-referenced measurement is practical, and the educators who use it make a statement regarding their beliefs about the education process. PMID- 7246714 TI - Characteristics of 11 occupational therapist alumnae. PMID- 7246715 TI - The therapeutic use of games with mentally retarded adults. AB - This article provides conceptualizations of play as a learning and survival behavior and presents findings of a study of the use of games with mentally retarded adults. In this study the aim was to describe both how therapists can use games as therapeutic media and how changes can be observed in the subjects. Along with increases in play, improvement in motor behavior, cognitive abilities, affect, attention, self-confidence, and social interaction was observed. PMID- 7246713 TI - Ladder to professional certification: the Career Mobility Program. AB - The Career Mobility Program provides an opportunity for certified occupational therapy assistants to become occupational therapists, registered. Data were complied about the 43 therapists who completed the program during its first 5 1/2 years. Performance on the certification examination and the candidates' educational and employment backgrounds were studied. The advantages and disadvantages of participating in the program were gathered via follow-up questionnaires. More than 70 percent of 26 reported career advancement. PMID- 7246716 TI - Relationship between development of the body-righting reaction and manual midline crossing behavior in the learning disabled. AB - The study was designed to consider the possible relationship between the development and integration of the body-righting reaction and the development of manual midline crossing behavior in learning-disabled and normal children aged 6 to 8 years (23 subjects in each group). A combination of three movement patterns (rolling from supine to prone, transition from supine to standing, and equilibrium in sitting) was used to analyze the body-righting reaction. The Space Visualization Contralateral Use (SVCU) score derived from the Southern California Space Visualization Test was used to measure manual midline crossing behavior. Results of the study found that the learning-disabled subjects exhibited significantly reduced performance on both test measures, when compared to the normal controls. A correlation between scores on the two tests did not reach significance. The findings are described as they relate to sensory integration testing, and the need for further study of the body-righting reaction and manual midline crossing behavior. PMID- 7246717 TI - Yesterday, today, and tomorrow, part 2. PMID- 7246718 TI - Relationship between constructional praxis and dressing in the head-injured adult. AB - The purpose of this study was to explore the potential relationship between dressing ability and constructional praxis performance in a head-injured population. Thirty-seven patients with severe head injuries were rated on dressing ability and constructional praxis tasks in a rehabilitation setting. Three constructional praxis measures were taken: graphic, two-dimensional, and three-dimesional abilities. A significant relationship was found between mean dressing ability scores and all three constructional praxis scores. These findigs suggest that a portion of inability to dress is perceptual not motor, in origin in individuals with severe head-injuries, and that constructional praxis re training has functional significance for the patient. No relationship was found between presencce or absence of Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT scan) abnormality and dressing or constructional praxis disability. PMID- 7246721 TI - Reliability of dichotic listening using two stimulus formats with normal and learning-disabled children. AB - This study was designed to establish test-retest reliability of the consonant vowel and digit formats of the dichotic listening test with normal and learning disabled children between the ages of 7 and 10 years. Between-group differences on ear advantage and total accuracy scores were also examined. The results indicated that both groups showed a right ear advantage and that there were no significant differences in ear advantage between the two groups on either format. However, on the digit format, the learning-disabled group performed significantly lower than the normal group on both the percentage of total accuracy and the left ear raw score. There were no significant differences between the two groups on percentage of total accuracy or raw ear scores on the consonant vowel format. The normal group tended to obtain higher reliability coefficients than he learning disabled group. Both groups tended to obtain higher reliability on the consonant vowel format than on the digit format. Wide variability in reliability results was found when using different laterality formulas to determine ear advantage. PMID- 7246719 TI - Relationship of the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests, the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test, and clinical observations accompanying them to evaluations in otolaryngology, ophthalmology, and audiology: two descriptive case studies. AB - A preliminary investigation was conducted into the relationship of the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests (SCSIT), the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT), and clinical observations accompanying these tests to evaluations in otolaryngolgoy, ophthalmology, and audiology, ophthalmology, and audiology. The subjects were two children with vestibularly based sensory integrative dysfunction. The results revealed that there was no agreement between the results of the SCPNT and the otolaryngological evaluation. There was some agreement between the ophthalmology evaluation and the clinical observations accompanying the SCSIT. Both subjects scored poorly in two areas of auditory processing. Possible reasons for these results are discussed as well as implications for occupational therapy reached and practice. PMID- 7246720 TI - A learning disability screening program in a public school. AB - The outline of screening program for learning disabilities in a public school is presented in this paper. The screening program consisted of four standardized measures (Information Subtest of the WPPSI, SEARCH, Evanston Early Identification Scale, Bender-Gestalt) and six of the clinical observations suggested by Ayres. Forty-three kindergarten and first graders (25 males, 18 females) were tested and each child was categorized as low, moderate, or high risk for learning disabilities on each of the measures. Approximately 10 percent of the children were identified as at high risk for learning disabilities, but the children did not perform at the same risk level on all measures. A factor analysis of the four measures and six observations revealed that three factors prevailed in this screening program; cognitive abilities, fine motor control, and reflex integration. This analysis also indicated the importance of assessing neurophysiological immaturity in a screening program. The implications of the categories used are discussed. PMID- 7246722 TI - Long-leg cast lifter. PMID- 7246723 TI - Electromyographic signs of shoulder muscular fatigue in two elevated arm positions. AB - Electromyographic signs of shoulder muscular fatigue were studied in abduction and forward flexion at right angle in the shoulder joint for seven subjects. The myoelectric signal was recorded by surface electrodes for the upper part of the trapezius muscle, the infraspinatus muscle, the middle and anterior part of the deltoid muscle and the biceps brachialis muscle. Bipolar wire electrodes were used for the supraspinatus muscle. By a moving window t-test the duration to the first significant increase of amplitude (RMS) or decrease of mean power frequency (MPF) were determined. The torque produced by the mass of the arm in the two studied elevated arm positions was found to exceed 10 per cent of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for all subjects. For most subjects the supraspinatus and the upper part of the trapezius muscle, revealed significant signs of fatigue after five minutes in the two positions and short time constants of myoelectric amplitude changes. Furthermore electromyographic signs of fatigue developed within a minute for all subjects in the forward flexion (supraspinatus muscle) and in the abduction position (upper part of the trapezius muscle). PMID- 7246724 TI - Electrodiagnostic study of carpal tunnel syndrome after Colles fracture. AB - Thirty-three patients with unilateral Colles fracture were evaluated by clinical and electrodiagnostic methods to determine the frequency of concomitant ipsilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. Four cases were documented, an incidence of 12.1%; this is two to four times greater than the incidence previously reported in the orthopaedic literature. Four other cases showed bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, on of which was more more severe on the fracture side. Although electrodiagnosis was not found to be a more sensitive diagnostic indicator than was careful history and physical examination is these patients, it was useful in objectively confirming the clinical impression and assessing the severity of involvement. Recovery of hand function was not adversely affected by the presence of carpal tunnel syndrome in our cases. In view of the rather frequent occurrence of this complication, it is recommended that all patients with Colles fracture be carefully evaluated for the presence of symptoms or signs suggesting median nerve compression, and that all suspected cases by referred for early electrodiagnostic evaluation. PMID- 7246725 TI - Multiterritorial muscle evaluations for maximal isometric contraction of the deltoid muscle in normal and dystrophic humans. PMID- 7246726 TI - The differentiation of granulomatous (Crohn's) from ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7246727 TI - Cryptitis in adults. PMID- 7246728 TI - Suprasphincteric hemorrhoidectomy. PMID- 7246729 TI - G.I. tract excretion of barium. PMID- 7246730 TI - Effects of diabetes and fasting on pantothenic acid metabolism in rats. AB - The effects of fasting and diabetes on pantothenic acid (PA) metabolism were studied in rats. Tissue levels of PA and coenzyme A (CoA) and rates of [14C]PA uptake and incorporation into tissue CoA were determined. Both fasting and diabetes resulted in accelerated rates of [14C]PA uptake, higher tissue concentrations of PA, increased incorporation of [14C]PA into CoA, and elevated tissue concentrations of CoA in the liver. The concentration of PA in liver was near the Km of pantothenate kinase for PA in control animals, and increased PA uptake may, in part, account for the increased [14C]PA incorporation into CoA though an elevation in tissue PA levels. In cardiac muscle, increased [14C]PA incorporation into CoA and increased CoA levels were associated with reduced PA uptake and reduced tissue PA levels in both fasting and diabetic animals, suggesting that CoA synthesis is not controlled by substrate availability in this tissue. Uptake of [14C]PA by skeletal muscle was also reduced in diabetic animals. These data suggest that PA uptake by tissues is under metabolic or hormonal control. Decreased uptake by muscle and increased uptake by liver may represent a mechanism for shifting large body stores of PA present in muscle to the liver in which endogenous PA concentrations are normally low. In addition, both fasting and diabetes resulted in decreased urinary PA excretion, a finding that may represent a regulatory mechanism to conserve whole-body PA under these conditions. PMID- 7246731 TI - Direct measurement of gluconeogenesis from [2,3]13C2]alanine in the human neonate. AB - The functional integrity of the gluconeogenic pathway was measured in nine term infants, four appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA), and five normoglycemic small for-gestational age (SGA), by determination of 13C2 enrichment in blood glucose during the constant infusion of tracer [2,3]13C2]alanine between 4 and 8 h of postnatal age. Alanine flux, calculated from the steady-state blood [2,3 13C2]alanine enrichment was 16.6 +/- 1.3 (SE) (mumol.kg-1.min-1 in the AGA infants and not statistically different from the value of 15.3 +/- 0.7 mumol.kg 1.min-1 in the SGA infants. Alanine flux did not correlate with blood alanine level in either group. By 6 h of age, the earliest sampling time, there was 13C2 enrichment of blood glucose in every infant studied, indicating that the gluconeogenic pathway was functionally intact by that time and implying that it was operative sooner. At 8 h of age, 9.3 +/- 2.3% of blood glucose was derived from alanine in the AGA group and 12.9 +/- 2.4% in the SGA group, values not statistically different. These data indicate that the term human newborn has a functional gluconeogenic pathway very early in postnatal life and that intrauterine growth retardation per se does not impair maturation of the system. Furthermore, the plasma alanine level alone is a poor index of gluconeogenic carbon flow in these infants. PMID- 7246732 TI - Alloxan action on glucose metabolism in cultured fibroblasts. I. Stimulation and inhibition of glucose utilization. AB - The influence of alloxan on mammalian cell glucose metabolism has been investigated using human diploid fibroblastic cells in culture. When cell monolayers were exposed to D-[14C]glucose, the presence of alloxan (0.31-1.87 mM) resulted initially in a dose-dependent enhancement of total cell glucose incorporation. This was observed within 2 min and declined by 6 min. After that time, alloxan inhibited glucose incorporation. When hexose transport was examined directly using glucose analogues, alloxan neither enhanced nor inhibited the uptake of 3-O-methylglucose or 2-deoxyglucose. Alloxan exerted no effect on cell permeability or cell viability. These results suggest that alloxan may directly influence cell glucose metabolism beyond the level of phosphorylation. The dual effect of alloxan on glucose incorporation may be related to the alloxan stimulation and subsequent inhibition of glucose-induced insulin release in pancreatic islets. PMID- 7246733 TI - Alloxan action on glucose metabolism in cultured fibroblasts. II. Effects on pentose-monophosphate shunt and tricarboxylic acid pathways. AB - The site of action of alloxan on glucose metabolism has been investigated using cultured human fibroblasts. Analysis of cell extracts after cell monolayers were exposed to D-[U-14C]glucose indicated that the initial stimulation of glucose incorporation by alloxan was observed primarily in the nucleotide fraction (ribose) with inhibition of lactate production. The subsequent inhibition of glucose incorporation was observed in the nucleotide fraction. Assay of 14CO2 production indicated that alloxan enhanced 14CO2 formation from D-[U-14C]glucose for approximately 10 min, followed by inhibition. To probe the site of alloxan action, rates of 14CO2 formation from 1- and 6-position labeled [14C]glucose, and [U-14C]pyruvate were compared. The initial stimulation was observed mainly in D [1-14C]glucose oxidation, whereas inhibition was measurable with the 6-position tracer and [14C]pyruvate. The results suggest that alloxan initially stimulates the pentose-monophosphate shunt and then subsequently inhibits both the pentose monophosphate shunt and tricarboxylic acid pathways. PMID- 7246734 TI - Simultaneous measurements of umbilical uptake, fetal utilization rate, and fetal turnover rate of glucose. AB - Fetal umbilical glucose uptake was compared with simultaneous measurements of glucose turnover and utilization rates in 12 pregnant sheep, at a mean of 137 days gestational age (range, 118-146 days). Umbilical glucose uptake was calculated by application of the Fick principle. Fetal glucose turnover rate was measured by a primed-constant infusion of [14C]- and [3H]glucose (glucose turnover rate = tracer infusion rate divided by fetal glucose sp act). The calculation of fetal glucose utilization rate required substraction of the loss of tracer to the placenta from the tracer infusion rate, thus defining the net tracer entry into the fetus for direct comparison with the net umbilical glucose uptake. In fed, normoglycemic sheep, these measurements demonstrated statistical equivalence of umbilical glucose uptake rate (4.77 mg.min-1.kg-1 +/- 0.34 SE) and glucose utilization rate ([14C]glucose, 5.58 mg.min-1.kg-1 +/- 0.54 SE; and [3H]glucose, 7.19 mg.min-1.kg-1 +/- 1.24 SE) when tested by two-way analysis of variance (P greater than 0.1). In three fasted, hypoglycemic sheep, the umbilical glucose uptake rate fell to 1.43 mg.min-1.kg-1 +/- 0.56 SE, which was considerably lower than the simultaneous glucose utilization rate ([14C]glucose, 4.78 mg.min-1.kg-1 +/- 0.48 SE; and [3H]glucose, 6.81 mg.min-1.kg-1 +/- 2.19 SE). Thus, in the normoglycemic, late-gestation fetal lamb, there appears to be little glucogenesis, whereas glucogenesis may become significant during fasting-induced fetal hypoglycemia. PMID- 7246735 TI - Use of aromatic amino acids as monitors of protein turnover. AB - Phenylalanine and tyrosine were metabolized by the perfused rat heart via a mitochondrial aminotransferase. When L-[alanyl-2,3-3H]phenylalanine and L-[alanyl 2,3-3H]tyrosine were used, release of 3H2O was progressive over 2 h of perfusion. Metabolism of L-[U-14C]phenylalanine to 14CO2 or production of 3H2O from L-[ring 2,6-3H]phenylalanine or L-[ring-2,6-3H]tyrosine was not detected. Although 3H2O production from L-[alanyl-2,3-3H]phenylalanine was rapid, net production of phenylpyruvate or other metabolites of phenylalanine was negligible. As a result, use of aromatic amino acids as monitors of protein turnover in heart muscle was validated. Production of 3H2O from L-[alanyl-2,3-3H]phenylalanine was catalyzed by a mitochondrial enzyme, which is thought to be aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1). The rate of 3H2O production by both intact and detergent-treated mitochondria exceeded that of phenylpyruvate by a factor of 10 and occurred in the absence of alpha-ketoglutarate. These data provide an explanation for the production of 3H2O from L-[alanyl-2,3-3H]phenylalanine by perfused rat heart without the concomitant production of [3H]phenylpyruvate. PMID- 7246736 TI - Resumption of prolactin secretion after dopaminergic inhibition: differential effects of dopamine and its agonists. AB - The recovery of prolactin (PRL) secretion following dopaminergic inhibition was studied in vitro using pituitary monolayer cultures. PRL secretion over 4 h was inhibited comparably by 10(-6) M dopamine (DA), 10(-7) M apomorphine (APO), and 10(-10) M bromocriptine (45%, 42%, 51%, respectively) with reciprocal increases in intracellular hormone content. After drug removal, the PRL secretion rate in the cultures that had been treated with DA was 208% of the control cultures by the 2nd h but returned to control values by 4 h, whereas the secretion rate after APO was 131-142% of control throughout the 4-h recovery period. In contrast, PRL secretion remained significantly less than control 20 h after the removal of bromocriptine. Although haloperidol (10(-7) M) prevented the inhibitory action of bromocriptine when added simultaneously, the addition of haloperidol did not restore PRL secretion when added in the posttreatment period. Thus, DA and APO inhibition of PRL release is readily reversible and is followed by early PRL hypersecretion. However, bromocriptine's effects are sustained and once started are not reversed by DA antagonists. PMID- 7246737 TI - Tubular transport and urinary excretion of phosphate after renal denervation in the anesthetized rat. AB - Tubular transport of phosphate (Pi) was studied using clearance and tracer microinjection techniques in Inactin-anesthetized male rats subjected to left kidney denervation. Experiments were conducted in the following groups: i) acute denervation (AD); ii) chronic denervation (CD); iii) acute denervation plus thyroparathyroidectomy (AD + TPTX); iv) microinjection with AD. Besides a marked diuresis and natriuresis with no difference in GFR between innervated (inn) and denervated (den) kidneys, unilateral renal denervation resulted in an increased urinary excretion and decreased tubular reabsorption of inorganic phosphate. Maximum tubular reabsorption of Pi (TmPi) calculated per unit GFR was (means +/- SE): AD, inn: 2.38 +/- 0.04, den: 1.98 +/- 0.06 mumol/ml; CD, inn: 2.66 +/- 0.10, den: 2.19 +/- 0.11 mumol/ml; AD + TPTX, inn: 4.78 +/- 0.06, den: 4.26 +/- 0.08 mumol/ml. Thus, differences in TmPi between the two sides were of the same magnitude in the three groups. Fractional recovery of 32Pi from microinjections in control (C) and postdenervation (D) periods was: early proximal, C: 53.0 +/- 0.81, D: 61.3 +/- 1.07%; late proximal, C: 77.0 +/- 0.81, D: 70.6 +/- 0.60%; early distal, C: 93.7 +/- 0.75, D: 03.5 +/- 0.72%. It is concluded that renal sympathectomy depresses tubular transport of inorganic phosphate in anesthetized rats by a primary action on the proximal convoluted tubule and with a partial compensation in the loop of Henle. PMID- 7246738 TI - Distal tubular sodium reabsorption in the developing rat kidney. AB - The immature kidney has a blunted natriuretic response to saline loading. to localize the high fractional Na reabsorption in the developing nephron, we determined Na delivery to the early distal tubule (EDT) and the fraction of filtered Na remaining in the tubular fluid [(TF/P)Na/In] in the EDT and late distal tubule (LDT) in 24- and 40-day-old hydropenic (HP) and volume-expanded (VE) rats. During HP the (TF/P)Na/In ratio in EDT was significantly higher in the younger rats (12.6 +/- 2.0%) than in the older rats (4.2 +/- 0.6%), but because of a lower SNGFR in the younger rats th Na delivery to EDT was the same in both age groups. The (TF/P)Na/In ratio in LDT was not different in 24- and 40-day-old HP rats (1.1 +/- 0.4 and 1.7 +/- 0.3%, respectively). During VE th (TF/P)Na/In ratio in LDT was significantly lower in 24- (3.0 +/- 0.7%) than in 40-day-old rats (8.3 +/- 1.1%). The (TF/P)Na/In ratio in LDT correlated well with the urinary fractional Na excretion. It is concluded that the Na reabsorption capacity of the developing nephron is more efficient in the distal tubule than in the more proximal tubular segments. PMID- 7246740 TI - Urate transport by the isolated perfused S2 segment of the rabbit. AB - Urate transport was studied in isolated perfused S2 segments of the superficial proximal tubule of the rabbit. When urate was present in identical concentrations of 290 microM in the perfusing and bathing solutions, there was a net secretory flux of urate of 775.0 +/- 152.8 fmol.min-1.mm-1. When urate was present in varying concentrations in the bathing solution only, the bath-to-lumen flux of urate increased as the concentration of urate in the bathing solution was increased from 60 to 595 microM, but tended toward a plateau at higher concentrations. After correction of the net secretory flux for the contribution of passive permeation, an apparent Km of 238 microM and Vmax of 950 fmol.min-1.mm 1 for the secretory flux of urate was calculated. When urate was present only in the luminal perfusion solution, the lumen-to-bath flux of urate was significantly less than the bath-to-lumen flux at a similar bath concentration of urate. The lumen-to-bath flux of urate was not significantly affected by cooling the bath to 25 degrees C. These studies provide evidence for both passive and facilitated mechanisms for urate secretion in the rabbit S2 segment. The absorptive flux for urate, however, appears to be primarily a passive mechanism. PMID- 7246741 TI - Effect of albumin on the function of perfused rat kidney. AB - The effect of different albumin concentrations on whole kidney function has been studied in the isolated perfused rat kidney. When a dialyzer was included in the perfusion circuit, GFR and sodium transport remained nearly constant for 2 h. Perfusion flow rate was directly correlated with albumin concentration. GFR was low (0.56 ml.min-1.g-1) at high albumin concentration (7.6 g/100 ml) and highest (1.38 ml.min-1.g-1) when albumin was omitted. The latter observation differed from earlier findings by other investigators who found a reduced GFR in the absence of albumin. This reduced GFR could be explained by ureteral backpressure, which results from the use of narrow ureter catheters. Fractional sodium reabsorption was approximately 50% irrespective of load when albumin was absent, and reached 90% at a GFR of 0.95 ml.min-1.g-1 when 5-6 g/100 ml albumin was used. At reduced load, fractional sodium reabsorption approached in vivo values of 98%. Potassium secretion was observed at high urinary flow rates when albumin concentration was low; low urinary flow rates at high protein concentration were associated with net potassium reabsorption. PMID- 7246739 TI - Distribution of hexokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase along the rabbit nephron. AB - Radiochemical microprocedures were developed for the determination of hexokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity in single microdissected segments of the mature rabbit nephron dissected from fresh tissue after collagenase treatment. All results were related to tubular length and tubular protein content. Hexokinase activity was found to be lowest in the proximal convoluted tubule and to increase along the following nephron segments, with highest activity in the connecting tubule. The gluconeogenic enzyme PEPCK, on the other hand, was exclusively found in the proximal tubule. Early and late portions of the convoluted segment exhibited the same specific activity, but only 50% was found in the pars recta. All other renal structures exhibited only insignificant activity of PEPCK. The results show that renal glucose metabolism and gluconeogenesis are clearly separated. As previously shown for the cytosolic rat enzyme, rabbit mitochondrial PEPCK is also exclusively a proximal tubular enzyme, thus confirming the dominant role of this segment in mammalian renal gluconeogenesis. The high activity of hexokinase in the segments of the distal tubule points to the role of glucose as metabolic fuel, glycogen precursor, and other glucose-6-phosphate-using pathways in these structures. PMID- 7246742 TI - Corticosteroid-binding studies in cytosol of colonic mucosa of the rat. AB - Cytosolic binding of [3H]dexamethasone was studied in the colon of the rat. [3H]dexamethasone binding was rapid and stable at 4 degrees C for 240 min. Scatchard analysis revealed a Kd of 6.2 +/- 0.5 X 10(-9) M and a binding capacity of 149 +/- 6.4 fmol/mg cytosolic protein (100,000-g fraction). Although dexamethasone inhibited [3H]dexamethasone binding more than that of aldosterone, [3H]aldosterone binding was inhibited equally by both aldosterone and dexamethasone. The relative order of potency of other steroids to inhibit [3H]dexamethasone binding was: dexamethasone greater than progesterone greater than spironolactone greater than aldosterone greater than corticosterone greater than cortexolone greater than estradiol. In other experiments, low doses of dexamethasone and aldosterone were infused into adrenalectomized animals to determine functional importance of these cytosolic steroid receptors. One-hour infusion of aldosterone at 2 micrograms/100 g body wt, which was the minimal dose of dexamethasone that increased transmural potential difference, did not alter the potential difference. These studies demonstrate the presence of a cytosolic receptor for dexamethasone and suggest that the action of dexamethasone on electrolyte transport in adrenalectomized animals is not mediated by the mineralocorticoid type of receptor and may be mediated by the specific high affinity receptor for dexamethasone. PMID- 7246743 TI - Transepithelial calcium transport by rat cecum: high-efficiency absorptive site. AB - Transepithelial calcium transport has been investigated in rat cecum under in vitro voltage-clamp conditions. Under short-circuit conditions, the cecum behaves as a relatively tight epithelium for calcium fluxes, where mucosal-to-serosal (JCam leads to s) flux exceeds the reverse flux by at least 15-fold. JCanet is abolished in the presence of 1 mM N-ethylmaleimide, is inhibited by 40% with 1 mM ouabain, and is decreased by at least 60% when medium sodium is replaced by choline. Voltage-clamping experiments suggest that both electroneutral- and electrogenic-mediated calcium fluxes traverse the cell in the mucosal-to-serosal direction. Serosal-to-mucosal flux is purely diffusional and probably constrained to the paracellular pathway. In rats weighing less than 175 g, a low-calcium diet has no significant stimulatory effect on JCam leads to s, but a high-calcium diet markedly reduces this flux. These results suggest that the cecum possesses the highest density of calcium transport sites in the rat intestine and is ideally suited for bulk calcium absorption, which may be "down regulated" in response to an increased calcium load in growing animals. PMID- 7246747 TI - Estimation of open-loop gain of canine arterial pressure control system by a new method. AB - We developed a method to estimate an overall open-loop gain of the arterial pressure control system without surgically opening the reflex loop. Dogs anesthetized by intravenous injection of Nembutal (35 mg/kg body wt) were bled by 2 ml/kg body wt within 2-3 s through a catheter inserted into the abdominal aorta. Arterial pressure change after the quick hemorrhage was monitored via a catheter placed in the aortic arch for more than 2 min. The overall open-loop gain of the lumped arterial pressure control system was assessed as (delta API/delta APs)-1, where delta API is the immediate fall and delta APs the steady state fall in mean arterial pressure obtained by a filter with a 2-s time constant. The advantage of this method is that the overall open-loop gain can be estimated under the closed-loop condition in which the baroreceptor reflexes operate naturally around the existing range of systemic arterial pressure. This enables one to study time-varying characteristics of the reflex gain. The disadvantage is that the substantial constituents of the lumped reflex system remain to be confirmed. PMID- 7246744 TI - Synaptic activation of erratic burst-type myenteric neurons in cat small intestine. AB - To study further the ongoing spike discharge of burst-type myenteric neurons, extracellular recordings were made with either Teflon-insulated Pt wire electrodes (tip diam, 20 micrometers) or 3 M NaCl-filled glass micropipettes (tip diam, 1-2 micrometers). Presynaptic fibers to the erratic bursters were activated by electrical shocks delivered through Teflon-insulated Pt wire electrodes. Single electrical shocks applied to either the surface of the ganglion or an interganglionic connective elicited bursts of spikes that had parameters (interspike intervals and spikes per burst) that closely resembled the spontaneously occurring bursts in the same neuron. The latencies of the responses to electrical stimulation ranged from 5 to 30 ms. The responses were reversibly abolished when the concentration of Mg2+ in the bathing solution was elevated to 12 mM. The responses to electrical stimulation were unaffected by atropine, hexamethonium, d-tubocurarine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, methysergide, morphine, naloxone, and substance P. The ongoing burst-type discharge of cat myenteric neurons appeared to reflect a synaptic event that could be mimicked by electrical stimulation of presynaptic fibers. The identity of the neurotransmitter that elicits the burst-type discharge is unknown. The transmitter is probably not acetylcholine, serotonin, norepinephrine, an opiatelike peptide, nor substance P. PMID- 7246745 TI - Continuous positive-pressure ventilation does not alter ventricular pressure volume relationship. AB - To determine whether alterations in the mechanical properties (i.e., stiffening) of the right and left ventricles contribute to the decrease in right and left ventricular end-diastolic volumes during continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), we studied six dogs anesthetized with chloralose urethane and ventilated with a volume ventilator. We varied ventricular volumes by withdrawing or infusing blood. Pressure-volume curves, constructed by plotting transmural ventricular end-diastolic pressures against ventricular end-diastolic volumes, did not change during CPPV (12 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure) compared to intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV, 0 cmH2O end-expiratory pressure). We conclude that decreased ventricular end-diastolic volumes during CPPV result primarily from a decrease in venous return. Alterations in the mechanical properties of the ventricles do not play a significant role in this response. PMID- 7246746 TI - Role of vasopressin, catecholamines, and plasma volume in hypertonic saline induced hypertension. AB - Elevation of blood pressure induced by an acute sodium and fluid load in the anephric state has been attributed to intravascular fluid volume expansion. The present experiments were designed to study the role of vasopressin and catecholamines in this type of hypertension. Normotensive anephric rats, adrenergically intact or pretreated with alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade, and deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-salt-treated anephric rats, intact or pretreated with alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade, received an infusion of 2 ml containing 3 meq NaCl, followed by intravenous administration of an analogue antagonist of the vasopressor effect of arginine-vasopressin (AVP). Pressure increments induced by hypertonic saline were abolished by an AVP antagonist partly in the adrenergically intact animals (leaving a small residual pressure elevation) and completely in adrenergically blocked animals, which had a larger AVP component. Volumes expansion did not necessarily accompany increase in blood pressure after saline infusion. In fact some DOC-salt-treated animals with the highest blood pressures and norepinephrine levels exhibited contraction of plasma volume. Increments in blood pressure were negatively correlated with plasma volume changes (r = -0.687, P less than 0.05) in these animals and positively with norepinephrine levels in all adrenergically intact animals (r = 0.818, P less than 0.001). It is concluded that the hypertensive response elicited by acute hypertonic saline load is due to vasoconstriction mediated partly by vasopressin and partly by the sympathetic system, which may in some way attenuate the effect of vasopressin. PMID- 7246748 TI - Norepinephrine effect on in situ venous membrane potential in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Comparative in situ (innervation and circulation intact) and in vitro measurements of transmembrane potential (Em) were made in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSM) of small (300-500 micrometers) veins of an externalized intestinal mesenteric loop in 13- to 15-wk-old anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive controls (WKY). During suffusion with physiological salt solution (PSS), the mean in situ Em in SHR was significantly lower (-34 +/- 0.8 mV) than in WKY (-49 +/- 1.3 mV). In situ neural blockade with 1 microgram/ml tetrodotoxin (TTX) in PSS hyperpolarized venous Em in SHR (-45 +/- 1.7 mV) but not in WKY. In vitro Em in SHR (-51 +/- 1.0 mV) and WKY (-54 +/- 1.1 mV), though significantly elevated above respective in situ values, did not differ significantly from each other and were not altered by TTX. Increasing norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in the PSS gradedly depolarized the venous VSM of WKY in situ to a plateau Em of -32 +/- 0.9 mV at 6 microM (1 micrograms/ml) NE but had no significant depolarizing effect on the less-polarized venous VSM of SHR. However, after addition of 1 micrograms/ml TTX to the PSS, the in situ Em in SHR followed a depolarizing NE dose-response curve similar to that observed in WKY (with or without TTX). These results support the hypothesis that the neurogenic vasoconstrictor component of VSM tone is significantly elevated in mesenteric veins of the SHR model of essential hypertension. PMID- 7246749 TI - Transcapillary Starling pressures in the fetus, newborn, adult, and pregnant adult. AB - We used the method of membrane osmometry to determine capillary pressure (Pc), plasma protein osmotic pressure (IIp), interstitial protein osmotic pressure (IIif), and interstitial free fluid pressure (Pif) in subcutaneous tissue. These pressures were measured in the sheep and guinea pig fetus, newborn, adult, and pregnant adult. Although there were some similarities, we found major species differences. 1) IIp was a minimum in the fetus and gradually increased to a maximum with adulthood in the guinea pig, whereas IIp attained adult values in the newborn lamb. 2) IIp and Pc did not change with pregnancy in sheep, but, in the guinea pig, IIp and Pc decreased by approximately 30% during pregnancy. 3) The maximum and minimum IIif occurred in the fetal and adult guinea pig, respectively, whereas this was reversed in the sheep. 4) IIif decreased with pregnancy in the guinea pig but not in the sheep. 5) The minimum Pif was found in the newborn of both species. These data suggest that the forces that determine the intravascular-interstitial fluid distribution are different in the fetus, newborn, and adult and also vary among species. PMID- 7246750 TI - Cutaneous and skeletal muscle vascular responses to hypothermia. AB - Vascular resistance and capacitance were studied in innervated or denervated canine forelimbs. Hypothermia (38-28 degrees C) was induced systemically, by external cooling of blood which returned to the right heart, or locally, by cooling blood perfusing the forelimb. Systemic cooling to 33 and then to 28 degrees C elicited significant decreases in limb weight with substantial increases in both skin and skeletal muscle vascular resistances. Acute denervation of the forelimbs attenuated both the fall in limb weight and increase in skin vascular resistance associated with cooling. These data support the contention that cutaneous vasoconstriction during systemic cooling is mediated primarily by sympathetic nerves, whereas skeletal muscle vasoconstriction is mediated primarily by circulating hormones. Local cooling elicited skin and skeletal muscle vascular dilation at 33 degrees C in both innervated and denervated forelimbs whereas either no change or a slight increase in skin and skeletal muscle vascular resistance resulted upon local cooling to 28 degrees C, perhaps due to the inhibition of Na+ - K+ - ATPase activity and/or a rise in blood viscosity. The locally induced vasodilation was found to override the powerful vasoconstrictor response caused by systemic cooling. The vasodilation is considered active rather than passive, because the increase in forelimb weight and decreases in forelimb vascular resistances occurred in the denervated as well as innervated limbs. PMID- 7246752 TI - Measurement of left and right ventricular volume from implanted radiopaque markers. AB - To better understand biventricular mechanics, an algorithm was developed to simultaneously calculate right and left ventricular volumes from randomly placed subendocardial radiopaque markers. Mathematically, the ventricle is represented as a stack of circular discs. The radius R of each disc is calculated as the distance from the subendocardial radiopaque marker to a computer generated base to-apex line, and the height H of each disc is determined by the projected distance between radiopaque markers along the base-to-apex line. Accordingly, the volume (V) is calculated as V = pi . sigma Hi . Ri2. The validity of this algorithm was tested on 10 canine left ventricular casts, on 10 human right ventricular casts, and in five experiments. For the left ventricle, the regression line between the casts (VT) and calculated (VC) volumes was VC = 0.55 VT + 6.6, with r = 0.95, standard error of estimate (Sy) = 1.9 ml, and the standard deviation of percent error = 12.6%. For the right ventricle, VC = 1.75 VT = 42.5, with r = 0.86, Sy = 16.2 ml, and the standard deviation of percent error = 24.8%. In five animal experiments, radiopaque markers were implanted into the endocardium of the left and right ventricles and comparisons were made between angiographic- and marker-determined ventricular volumes. For the five experiments, the mean correlation coefficient, relating the marker volumes to the angiographic volumes, were 0.92 +/- 0.01 for the left ventricle and 0.89 +/- 0.02 for the right ventricle. The results, which are similar to other volume determination methods, indicate that this method can be applied to determine right and left ventricular volume. Once implanted, fluoroscopy of these markers provides a noninvasive means of calculating ventricular volume. PMID- 7246751 TI - Cardiac catecholamine stores after cardiac sympathectomy, 6-OHDA, and cardiac denervation. AB - Sympathetic nerves are known to reach the heart via classical vagal pathways. Bilateral cervicothoracic sympathectomy (CS) might be expected therefore to leave significant amounts of releasable catecholamines in the myocardium if the vagi are left intact. Cardiac responses to tyramine (500 micrograms intracoronary) were compared in animals with CS, extrinsic cardiac denervation (CD), and chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Dogs were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass and isovolumic pressures were recorded from the heart. In control animals, tyramine caused profound increases in rate (58%) and isovolumic pressures (86-170%). Ten CS animals demonstrated responses indistinguishable from control animals. Four CD and four 6-OHDA animals showed no response to tyramine. Cervical vagal stimulation after atropine in the CS animals produced tachycardia. Histofluorescent studies demonstrated the presence of significant numbers of cardiac adrenergic fibers in this group. The normal tyramine responsiveness of the CS animals was attributed to 1) significant numbers of vagal adrenergic fibers remaining in the heart after cervicothoracic sympathectomy, and 2) denervation supersensitivity, rendering the heart very responsive to the catecholamine that remains. PMID- 7246753 TI - Intrarenal vascular effects of angiotensin I and angiotensin II. AB - The effects of angiotensin I (250 pmol) and angiotensin II (7.5 pmol) on total renal blood flow and its cortical distribution were examined in 25 dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. These peptides were administered as bolus injections directly into the left renal artery. Right and left renal blood flows were measured with noncannulating electromagnetic flow probes. The distribution of renal cortical blood flow was measured with 15-micrometers radioactive microspheres. Because angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II extrarenally as well as intrarenally, the distribution of renal blood flow in response to the bolus injection of angiotensin agonists was measured before these peptides could have recirculated through the kidney. This maneuver precluded the possibility that blood flow changes were due to the extrarenal formation of vasoactive metabolites of angiotensin I or angiotensin II. Control total renal blood flow averaged 3.0 +/- 0.1 ml.min-1.g kidney wt-1 and was decreased 25% by both angiotensin I and angiotensin II. Outer renal cortical flow (zone I) was 5.1 +/- 0.3 ml.min-1.g-1 and was decreased to 3.9 +/- 0.3 ml.min-1.g-1 by both angiotensin I and angiotensin II. On the average, angiotensin I decreased inner cortical renal blood flow from a control of 1.8 +/- 0.2 to 1.2 +/- 0.2 ml.min-1.g 1; angiotensin II decreased inner cortical renal blood flow from a control of 1.9 +/- 0.2 to 1.4 +/- 0.2 ml.min-1.g-1. Analysis on a per-experiment basis revealed that angiotensin I, compared with angiotensin II, produced a proportionally greater decrease in inner cortical renal blood flow relative to its effects on outer cortical blood flow. PMID- 7246754 TI - The relative role of subendocardium and subepicardium in left ventricular mechanics. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences of wall thickening and fiber shortening exist between the deep and superficial layers of the left ventricular (LV) wall during systole. By use of ultrasonic crystals, wall thickness and segment-length changes were studied in seven dogs, and changes of the internal and external diameter of the LV were studied in five dogs. Radiopaque markers were used in conjunction with ventriculograms to determine the changes of the internal and external volume of the LV in five additional dogs. The subendocardial portion of the LV wall accounted for 83% of wall thickening during diastole. Segments of the subendocardium shortened 18% during systole, whereas segments of the subepicardium shortened only 10%. A 22% reduction of the internal LV diameter occurred in comparison to only a 6% reduction of the external diameter during systole. Similar observations were made in relation to LV internal and external volumes. These results indicate that the subendocardium undergoes greater dimensional changes (both thickening and shortening) during systole than does the subepicardium. PMID- 7246755 TI - Effect of thyroid hormone on canine cardiac Purkinje fiber transmembrane potential. AB - The electrophysiological effects of chronic 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) administration on cardiac Purkinje fibers were studied using intracellular recording techniques. Adult mongrel dogs receiving T3 injections (1 mg/kg sc) three times daily for 7-12 days demonstrated elevated resting heart rates and serum total T3 content, atrophied thyroid glands, and a small body weight loss when compared with controls. Isolated Purkinje fibers from control and T3-treated animals were superfused with an oxygenated Tyrode solution containing 4 mM K+ at 35 degrees C. Preparations were stimulated externally at 1.0, 2.0, and 3.1 Hz for 2-3 min while measurements of action potentials were made. At 1.0 Hz, action potential duration (APD) of T3-treated Purkinje fibers was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than controls at both 20% (APD20) and 80% (APD80) of repolarization to the maximum diastolic potential (Emax). The overshoot, plateau height, and Emax were not different. Raising the stimulus frequency to 2.0 and 3.1 Hz produced a slight increase in the overshoot and a rate-dependent shortening of the action potential duration until it resembled controls. APD20 shortened proportionately more than APD80, giving the action potential a triangular appearance. The K+ selectivity of the resting membrane was not affected as evidenced by Nernst plots, which were identical in normal and T3 treated fibers. These results demonstrate that thyroid hormone influences the action potential of isolated cardiac Purkinje fibers. PMID- 7246757 TI - Stability of an experimental atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia in dogs. AB - The factors leading to spontaneous block and instability of a reentrant tachycardia were studied with a computer model and in eight anesthetized dogs with an electronically simulated atrioventricular (AV) bypass tract. The bypass tract delay could be changed in a programmed sequence. AV nodal refractoriness in the dogs was increased with verapamil. Stability of the reentrant tachycardia was assessed by noting how rapidly cycle-length changes from a transient alteration in the bypass-tract delay time would dampen out and the tendency of the reentrant tachycardia to spontaneously block. There was close agreement between computer model predictions and experimental results. After a transient change in bypass tract delay time, dampened oscillations of the cycle length were noted. The degree of dampening was related to the slope of the AV nodal refractory curve. When the reentrant tachycardia operated on a steep portion of the refractory curve (slope steeper than -1), spontaneous oscillations and block developed. In the dog, the reentrant tachycardias terminated spontaneously either by an increase in amplitude of oscillations or by an increase in AV nodal refractoriness. We conclude that, for stable reentry, a reentrant circuit must have no conduction block and must be able to dampen out transient perturbations. PMID- 7246756 TI - Transmural distribution of blood flow during activation of coronary muscarinic receptors. AB - The role of coronary muscarinic receptors in the distribution of transmural blood flow across the left ventricular wall of the working heart was studied in anesthetized open-chest dogs. Tissue blood flow in subepicardium, midmyocardium, and subendocardium was determined with radioactive microspheres before and during activation of muscarinic vasodilator receptors by intracoronary infusions of acetylcholine. Myocardial and coronary vascular beta-receptors were blocked by sotalol (2.0 mg/kg iv). Equivalent submaximal coronary vasodilator doses of acetylcholine and adenosine were compared for effects on transmural blood flow. Intracoronary infusions of acetylcholine (5.0 and 10.7 micrograms/min) produced a dose-related increase in the subendocardial-subepicardial blood flow ratio (endo/epi) from 1.07 to 1.32 and 1.57, respectively. A progressively larger decrease in coronary vascular resistance occurred in the subendocardium than midmyocardium or subepicardium following acetylcholine administration. In contrast, intracoronary administration of adenosine (54.4 micrograms/min) produced no change in endo/epi. Atropine effectively blocked acetylcholine induced coronary vasodilation but not vasodilation produced by adenosine. Neither agent affected heart rate, left ventricular pressure, coronary perfusion pressure, or myocardial contractility. These results suggest that activation of muscarinic coronary vasodilator receptors redistributes blood flow preferentially to the subendocardium independent of cardiac mechanical influences. PMID- 7246758 TI - Hand arterial blood flow responses to local venous congestion. AB - Hand and forearm blood flows were measured in 12 subjects by means of a range gated Doppler velocimeter, in basal conditions and after inflation (30, 50, 60, 70, and 90 mmHg) of a venous occlusion cuff on the middle part of the forearm. In basal conditions, there were significant decreases in radial, ulnar, and brachial blood flow after cuff inflation (up to -78, -69, and -31%, respectively). Minimal values were reached in less than 7 s. After occlusion of the circulation of the hand, control brachial blood flow was lowered but not significantly affected by venous distension. The results must be considered and accounted where venous occlusion plethysmography is used to measure segmental blood flow. PMID- 7246759 TI - Formation of stimulus-induced vacuoles in serous cells of tracheal submucosal glands. AB - Parenchymal cells of exocrine glands have been reported to develop numerous large vacuoles when intensely stimulated either pharmacologically, electrically, or physiologically. We have found that tracheal submucosal glands of the cat form similar vacuoles in response to alpha-adrenergic stimulation. Light and electron microscope examination of tracheal submucosal glands stimulated in vitro with methoxamine (10(-4) M) reveals that only serous cells of the gland acini develop vacuoles. Ductal cells and mucous acinar cells do not form vacuoles. Furthermore, several lines of evidence indicate that within serous cells vacuoles arise from secretory granules, which apparently swell as they accumulate fluid during intense stimulation. The following paper describes some of the factors and characteristics of stimulus-induced vacuolation. PMID- 7246760 TI - Deleterious effects of calcium deprivation on freshly isolated hepatocytes. AB - Biochemical and morphological properties of rat hepatic parenchymal cells isolated without calcium were compared to cells isolated by adding calcium to the isolation medium at the time of addition of collagenase. Calcium contents of the two cell preparations were 4.5 +/- 0.3 and 10.5 +/- 0.5 nmol/mg dry wt, respectively (P les than 0.001). Magnesium content of both preparations was 37 nmol/mg dry wt. Potassium contents were 92 and 154 meq/l, respectively (P less than 0.001). Potassium content of calcium-deficient cells increased to 161 meq/l following incubation for 30 min in a medium containing 1.6 mM ionized calcium. When incubated in a medium containing a subphysiologic concentration of ionized calcium, calcium-deficient cells rapidly lost the ability to exclude trypan blue and to retain lactate dehydrogenase activity. As contrasted to calcium-sufficient hepatocytes, calcium-deficient cells failed to accumulate alpha-aminoisobutyric acid by active transport and lacked microvilli and nuclear contents. This study supports simultaneous addition of calcium and collagenase to the isolation medium as a means for preserving physical, functional, and morphological integrity of isolated hepatic parenchymal cells. PMID- 7246761 TI - Locus of N-ethylmaleimide action on sugar transport in nucleated erythrocytes. AB - Goose red blood cells were studied as a model for metabolic regulation of sugar transport. In contrast to their action in human erythrocytes, sulfhydryl-blocking agents such as N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) stimulated 3-O-methylglucose transport markedly in goose red blood cells. The effect of NEM was further enhanced when adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was first depleted by 2,4-dinitrophenol treatment or anoxia. Only sulfhydryl-blocking agents that enter the cell were effective transport stimulators, and the effect was not altered by substrates of the transporter. In nucleated red blood cell ghosts, NEM inhibited 3-O-methylglucose transport. Results of these studies with intact cells were consistent with the hypothesis that free sulfhydryl groups are essential for regulation of transporter activity rather than for the transport process itself. The locus of NEM action appears to be either on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane or partially located in the cytoplasm. ATP depletion may expose previously masked sulfhydryl groups, producing an enhanced reaction with sulfhydryl-blocking agents and a highly stimulated rate of sugar transport. PMID- 7246762 TI - Mechanics and energetics of lengthening of active airway smooth muscle. AB - For smooth muscle in general there appears only one report dealing with force velocity (FV) relationships of active muscle subjected to forcible elongation by application of loads (P) greater than its maximum isometric tetanic tension (Po); for airway smooth muscle (ASM) there is none. Since ASM may be subjected to increasing stretch during inspiration, the relationship is important and was therefore studied with canine tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) as a model. FV data for P less than Po could be fitted by Hill's hyperbolic equation. For P greater than Po, lengthening velocity was greater than predicted by the equation. However at equivalent velocities, the muscle during elongation could support a load three times greater than during shortening; in this it resembled skeletal muscle. From this it may be speculated that distension of the airway during inspiration would not be associated with mechanical instability. With reference to energy requirements of the elongating TSM it was shown, as has been for skeletal muscle, that the net rate of energy liberation (assessed by measuring tissue levels of adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate) in an elongating active muscle is less than that of a muscle contracting isometrically. PMID- 7246763 TI - A mass spectrometer to measure transepithelial unidirectional labeled water fluxes. AB - A sealed quartz micropipette forms a liquid-vacuum interface that together with a uranium reduction element and a mass spectrometer functions as an in vitro real time labeled water-selective microelectrode. Its performance is demonstrated by monitoring unidirectional fluxes across toad urinary bladder. This instrument has direct applicability to studies of water flux across epithelial membranes and could also be useful in monitoring water fluxes across such preparations as isolated tubules or capillaries. PMID- 7246764 TI - Inward rectification in mouse macrophages: evidence for a negative resistance region. AB - The electrical properties of cultured mouse thioglycollate-induced peritoneal macrophages were investigated using intracellular recording techniques. Thirty five percent of the cells studied had membrane potentials ranging from -65 to -95 mV and exhibited S-shaped, steady-state current-voltage (I-V) relationships containing a transitional region. Analysis of currents in the transitional region from the rate of rise and fall of the voltage responses to current pulses indicated the presence of a negative resistance region in this area. Tetrodotoxin (3 X 10(-5) M), cobalt chloride (3 mM), 4-aminopyridine (4 mM), and tetraethylammonium chloride (8 mM) did not eliminate the transitional region of the I-V curves, whereas addition of barium chloride (4 mM) and rubidium chloride (3 mM) did. Increasing the external concentration of potassium shifted the I-V relationship horizontally along the current axis but did not eliminate the transitional region. These data indicate that the inward rectification and the negative resistance region probably result from a voltage-dependent potassium conductance. PMID- 7246765 TI - Photoperiodic regulation of growth: a photosensitive phase during light-dark cycle. AB - Growth and performance of 72 young ram lambs were evaluated for susceptibility to exposure to three different photoperiods. Lambs were penned in groups of two and exposed to either short (8L:16D), long (16L:8D), or split (7L:9D:1L:7D) photoperiods. Lambs exposed to 16L:8D and 7L:9D:1L:7D photoperiods ate more feed (P less than 0.01), gained weight more rapidly (P less than 0.01), and required less feed per unit gain (P less than 0.01) than did lambs exposed to the 8L:16D photoperiod. Final weight and carcass weight were increased (P less than 0.01) as a result of exposure to 16L:8D and 7L:9D:1L:7D photoperiods; however, carcass attributes were not affected. Lambs exposed to the 7L:9D:1L:7D photoperiod had elevated prolactin concentrations that generally paralleled the prolactin profiles of lambs exposed to the 16L:8D photoperiod; however, concentrations of luteinizing hormone and testosterone were not affected by photoperiod. Lambs exhibited a daily feed-intake rhythm that was closely associated with daily photoperiod. These rhythms could account in part for the increased feed intake and performance of lambs exposed to 16L:8D and 7L:9D:1L:7D photoperiods. From these results, we conclude that 1) light is an important Zeitgeber for the regulation of feed intake, prolactin secretion, and growth rate in young lambs, and 2) a photosensitive phase exists for these functions during the light-dark cycle in sheep. PMID- 7246767 TI - Lung as a model for evaluation of critical intracellular PO2 and PCO. AB - The relationship between cellular metabolism and tissue O2 tension was investigated using the isolated perfused rat lung. Lungs were ventilated with gas mixtures of varying PO2 under conditions of no net gas exchange so that alveolar and lung parenchymal gas tensions were in approximate equilibrium. When alveolar PO2 was reduced to 0.7 mmHg, there were significant increases in lung lactate production and perfusate lactate/pyruvate, and decreases in lung tissue ATP content and ATP/ADP. Metabolic parameters were unchanged by alveolar hypoxia when alveolar PO2 was 7 mmHg or greater. Changes of complete anoxia required a PO2 less than 0.04 mmHg. To determine competition between O2 and CO in lung metabolism, alveolar O2 was maintained at 5% and CO was varied from 0 to 90%. Significant changes in production of lactate and pyruvate and tissue ATP content occurred with an alveolar CO of 75% (CO/O2 = 15) but not with CO concentrations of 50%, (CO/O2 = 10) or less. These results with an intact organ confirm previous data with subcellular systems showing a high affinity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain for O2, and indicate that the metabolic changes of hypoxia do not occur until intracellular PO2 approaches 1 mmHg or the CO/O2 exceeds 10. PMID- 7246766 TI - Norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis in acute and chronic hypoxemia. AB - The effects of acute and chronic hypoxemia on norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis were studied in dogs. Right-to-left shunts were created in experimental dogs to render them chronically hypoxemic (PaO2 37-55 torr). Control animals received sham operations (PaO2 greater than 70 torr). During air ventilation, there was no significant difference in norepinephrine-induced glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA) rises in the control and experimental groups. In control dogs, glycerol and FFA responses to norepinephrine were unaffected by acutely lowering oxygen tensions (PaO2 46-48 torr) to levels found in air-breathing experimental dogs. However, greater acute reductions in oxygen tensions (PaO2 less than 30 torr) in both control and experimental animals resulted in pronounced glycerol and FFA falls from the elevated levels produced by norepinephrine infusions during air ventilation. PaO2 levels less than 30 torr similarly decreased the glycerol and FFA elevations in control animals given phenoxybenzamine and norepinephrine. As with severe hypoxemia, propranolol suppressed glycerol and FFA increases stimulated by norepinephrine. Theophylline did not influence the hypoxemic induced glycerol and FFA falls. These observations suggest that severity was important in the hypoxemic inhibition of norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis; the effects of low oxygen breathing were not ameliorated by chronic hypoxemia. A beta adrenergic receptor abnormality appears to contribute to this inhibition. PMID- 7246769 TI - Whole-body protein metabolism due to trauma in man as estimated by L [15N]alanine. AB - Changes in whole-body protein metabolism due to several skeletal trauma were estimated in five male volunteers and four male trauma patients using a single pulse of [15N]alanine and [13C]urea. The isotopic decay data were computer curve fitted to obtain the best estimates for eight parameters of a four-pool model. The trauma patients excreted almost 5 times as much urinary nitrogen and utilized 33% more energy than did the volunteers on the same hypocaloric, protein-free diet. Trauma was found to expand the "active metabolic nitrogen" pool and the transfer rates of nitrogen into and out of a "slow turnover protein" pool. Whole body protein synthesis increased 37% above normal and protein breakdown increased 79% above normal due to trauma. These values were in agreement with those determined at the same time using a [14C]leucine continuous infusion method. The data show that trauma accelerates the nitrogen flow and both protein synthesis and breakdown. This mechanism for negative nitrogen balance is consistent with that found for other severe stresses but is different from milder stresses. PMID- 7246768 TI - Effect of changing dietary fat saturation on low-density lipoprotein metabolism in man. AB - The mechanism of change in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels by diets differing in fat saturation have been studied. Turnover of 125I-LDL was measured in eight subjects with type II hyperlipoproteinemia and in seven normal control subjects during two dietary periods containing 40% of calories as either safflower oil (polyunsaturated fat, PSF) or as lard (saturated fat, SF). Higher levels of LDL apoprotein and LDL-cholesterol were observed in both groups on saturated fat. Subjects with elevated LDL levels (type II) showed a more marked effect of polyunsaturated fat with 25% lower LDL production rate as compared to a reduction of only 10% for the control group. On the PSF diet, the production rate in type II (12.7 mg.kg-1.day-1) was not statistically different from normal subjects (10.5 mg.kg-1.day-1). On this diet, the higher levels of LDL cholesterol in the type II subjects (as compared to controls) were due to a lower fractional clearance rate, mean of 0.27/day compared to a mean of 0.39/day for the normal subjects. Although individuals with type II hyperlipoproteinemia may have a primary clearance defect, the major reduction in plasma cholesterol concentrations achieved with a diet high in polyunsaturated fat can be attributed to a significantly lower LDL production. PMID- 7246770 TI - Effects of fasting on flux and interconversion of leucine and alpha ketoisocaproate in vivo. AB - To determine directly the interconversion of circulating leucine and alpha ketoisocaproate (KIC) in vivo, as well as the effects of fasting on leucine and KIC metabolism, 14- and 96-h fasted dogs were studied during simultaneous infusion of L-[4,5-3H]leucine and [U-14C]KIC. The specific radioactivities of 3H- and 14C-labeled leucine and KIC were determined and transfer rates calculated using a two-pool reversible model. In both groups, approximately 32% of the total leucine carbon entering was converted to KIC, whereas 60% of circulating KIC is converted to leucine. Plasma [3H]KIC specific radioactivity was only half of the circulating [3H]leucine specific activity, suggesting entry of KIC from an unlabeled pool. Fasting decreased the leucine-KIC interconversion, entry of unlabeled KIC, and irreversible loss of KIC. These data demonstrate that interconversion of circulating leucine and KIC is extensive and that fasting decreases the conversion of leucine to KIC in the labeled and unlabeled KIC pools, suggesting that transamination is a major regulator of leucine metabolism in fasting dogs. PMID- 7246772 TI - Drug-induced papillary necrosis: electrolyte excretion and nephron heterogeneity. AB - The functional expression of papillary necrosis was investigated in rats following administration of 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide (BEA). The percentage of filtering superficial and juxtamedullary nephrons was assessed using the qualitative Hanssen technique. There was a marked decrease in the percentage of filtering juxtamedullary nephrons 24 h after the induction of papillary necrosis (as compared with control rats), which was blunted in salt-loaded animals. The percentage of filtering superficial nephrons was the same in all three groups. BEA administration to normal rats was associated with a significant increase in sodium, chloride, phosphate, and calcium excretion. BEA administration to rats on a chloride-restricted diet was associated with chloride wastage. These animals also failed to adapt to a low chloride diet as late as 7 days after the administration of BEA. The phosphaturia observed in intact rats treated with BEA was abolished by parathyroidectomy. BEA-treated rats were able to adapt to a low phosphate diet and to a low magnesium diet. These data demonstrate that papillary necrosis is associated with profound impairment of juxtamedullary nephron filtration and with chloride wastage. In the absence of the papillary structures adaptation to phosphorus or magnesium deprivation is still possible. PMID- 7246773 TI - Isolated perfused salamander proximal tubule: methods, electrophysiology, and transport. AB - Techniques are presented for the isolation and perfusion of renal proximal tubules from the neotenic salamander Ambystoma tigrinum. Methods are described for a determination of normal values for fluid transport and electrophysiological parameters. Stable cellular microelectrode recordings are reported that constitute the first intracellular measurements in an isolated perfused tubule preparation. With identical solutions in lumen and bath, fluid reabsorption averaged 0.28 nl.min-1.mm-1, transepithelial potential difference averaged -4.5 mV, transepithelial resistance was 52.1 omega.cm2, and the transepithelial chloride-to-sodium transference number ratio was 3.4. The basolateral cell membrane potential difference averaged -59.6 mV, and the ratio of apical-to basolateral cell membrane resistance was between 3.9 and 5. Viability of the isolated perfused salamander proximal tubule preparation is demonstrated by a detailed comparison of the present data with results of in vivo micropuncture experiments on both Necturus and intact Ambystoma kidneys. In addition to being an advantageous preparation for long-term intracellular recordings, the Ambystoma kidney is unique in that proximal tubules can be studied both in isolation and by conventional micropuncture. PMID- 7246771 TI - Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase and glycerol release in fasted Zucker (fa/fa) rats. AB - Fat cell hypertrophy occurs in most forms of obesity. In the obese Zucker rat, fat cell hypertrophy and increased lipoprotein lipase activity (LPL) are the earliest known signs of obesity. We studied the regulation of fat cell size in the obese Zucker rat by measuring changes in fat cell LPL activity and lipolysis in response to an overnight fast in 6- and 14-wk-old lean and obese rats. At both ages, fed obese rats had significantly increased fat cell size, LPL activity, and basal glycerol release in three adipose tissue depots compared to fed lean rats. Obese rats decreased LPL activity in response to fasting, but levels always remained equal to or greater than those in fed lean rats. Obese rats also showed a reduced lipolytic response to fasting. Thus, the obese rat after an overnight fast could not produce a coordinated response to fasting similar to the lean rat, and its homeostatic adjustments to this mild stimulus favored preservation of its enlarged fat cell size. PMID- 7246774 TI - Prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha reduces urea reabsorption from the rat collecting duct. AB - The present study examines the possibility that prostaglandins affect the renal tubular handling of urea. Meclofenamate (1 mg.kg-1.h-1), an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, decreased fractional urea clearance from 86 to 67%, increased urine osmolality, and decreased the fractional excretion of water in rats undergoing a hypertonic sodium chloride diuresis. The percentage of [14C]urea microinjected into distal convoluted tubules that was recovered in urine fell from 75 to 64% (P less than 0.01) after meclofenamate. The fraction of injected urea excreted like inulin (direct recovery) was reduced from 20 to 8% (P less than 0.0001) by meclofenamate. Addition of PGE2 (1.2 or 89 pmol) or PGF2 alpha (1.4 pmol) to the microinjectate returned the urinary recovery of the microinjected [14C]urea to the control level, but PGA2 (3 pmol) did not. Direct urea recovery was doubled by PGE2 or PGF2 alpha. These results indicate that prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha inhibit the reabsorption of urea in the collecting duct. Prostaglandins may participate in the renal concentrating mechanism by altering the inner medullary influx of urea. PMID- 7246775 TI - Transmembrane electrical potential differences in cells of isolated renal tubules. AB - Isolated fragments of renal tubules were prepared by treating rabbit kidneys removed from animals on a normal diet with proteolytic enzymes. The intracellular potential of tubule cells was measured either by impaling cells across the luminal membrane at the everted end of the tubule or by impaling cells across the basolateral membrane along the shaft of the tubule. The mean intracellular potential recorded from 163 cells at the everted ends of proximal tubules was -49 +/- 12 mV (SD) compared with a mean value of -29 +/- 9 mV (SD) recorded from 199 cells along the shaft of the tubules. In papillary collecting ducts there was no significant difference between the intracellular potential of cells at the everted end of the tubules compared with those of cells along the shaft of the tubule. However, two distinctly different types of intracellular potentials were recorded from collecting duct cells regardless of the location of the cells: 93 cell impalements gave a mean intracellular potential of -15 +/- 8 mV (SD), whereas 135 cell impalements gave a mean potential of +24 +/- 12 mV (SD). The data presented in this paper demonstrate that intracellular potentials can be recorded from isolated renal tubule fragments of papillary collecting ducts and proximal convoluted tubules. PMID- 7246776 TI - Cimetidine secretion by rabbit renal tubules in vitro. AB - Cimetidine, a drug in widespread use in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, is eliminated primarily via urinary excretion. We examined cimetidine transport by rabbit proximal straight tubules perfused in vitro. [3H]Cimetidine in the bath was actively secreted into the tubule lumen. There was a curvilinear relationship between the rate of cimetidine secretion and the concentration of bath cimetidine. Cimetidine secretion was inhibited by hypothermia and ouabain. Quinine, tolazoline, probenecid, phloridzin, creatinine, p-aminohippurate, and cimetidine sulfoxide inhibited cimetidine secretion in a dose-related manner. At low cimetidine concentrations lumen-to-bath transport rates were only 11-18% of bath-to-lumen secretory rates. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of collected tubular fluid showed a predominance of cimetidine and a small amount of cimetidine sulfoxide in ratios similar to those of the bath. These studies show that cimetidine is actively secreted into the lumen of rabbit proximal straight tubules in vitro. Secretion probably occurs via the organic base and to a lesser extent the acid transport systems. PMID- 7246778 TI - Hyperfiltration in remnant nephrons: a potentially adverse response to renal ablation. AB - Micropuncture studies were performed in three groups of male Munich-Wistar rats 1 wk after surgery: group I, eight control rats that underwent laparotomy and were fed a normal diet; group II, nine rats that underwent right nephrectomy and segmental infarction of five-sixths of the left kidney and were fed a normal diet; and group III, seven rats that underwent the same renal ablative procedure and were fed a low protein diet. Single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) was higher in the remnant kidney of group II rats compared with group I rats due to higher average values for mean glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference (delta P) and initial glomerular plasma flow rate (QA) in group II. Glomeruli in remnant kidneys of group II showed striking alterations in morphology, including epithelial cell protein reabsorption droplets, foot process fusion, and mesangial expansion. Group III rats demonstrated a mean SNGFR not statistically different from that of group I, but significantly less than that of group II rats. This lack of absolute hyperfiltration in remnant glomeruli of group III rats relative to group I obtained because QA and delta P did not increase above values found in group I. The glomerular structural lesions seen in group II were also largely attenuated in group III. These studies demonstrate that alterations in glomerular hemodynamics associated with renal ablation are accompanied by structural lesions and suggest that sustained single nephron hyperfiltration may have maladaptive consequences by damaging remnant glomeruli. PMID- 7246777 TI - Effect of calcium on prostaglandin E2 release in dogs. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration in arterial and renal venous plasma was determined by radioimmunoassay in anesthetized dogs, and the PGE2 secretion rate was calculated. Intrarenal arterial infusion of CaCl2 (0.68 meq/min) resulted in a biphasic effect on renal blood flow (RBF) and an initial increase followed by a gradual decrease below the preinfusion level. PGE2 secretion rate increased from 7.2 +/- 4.4 to 95 +/- 28 ng/min, with a marked increase of RBF after 3 min of CaCl2 infusion. An equivalent amount of NaCl infused into the renal artery did not affect either the RBF or the PGE2 secretion rate. One-tenth the dose of CaCl2 (0.068 meq/min) infused into the renal artery did not increase either RBF or PGE2 secretin rate, and the RBF gradually decreased after infusion. The transient renal vasodilation observed during infusion of a high dose of CaCl2 ceased with the combined intrarenal infusion of verapamil (100 micrograms/min), and was also abolished by pretreatment with indomethacin (5 mg/kg i.v.). Infusion of CaCl2 (0.68 meq/min) into the femoral artery did not enhance the PGE2 secretion rate from the hindlimb, and femoral blood flow decreased immediately after the infusion. These results suggest tht the renal vessels as well as other resistance vessels are essentially constricted by calcium and that endogenous PGE2 released by calcium may modify this renal vasoconstriction. PMID- 7246779 TI - Renal transport of NAP-taurine. AB - The renal transport of N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-2-aminoethylsulfonate (NAP taurine), a potential photoaffinity label, was studied using the rabbit renal cortical slice and the isolated perfused rat kidney. NAP-taurine inhibited the slice accumulation of PAH in a dose-dependent manner (ID50 = 2.5 X 10(-5) M). It accumulated to a steady-state slice-to-medium concentration ratio of 14. However, NAP-taurine was not toxic to the tissue, as it did not influence the accumulation of the organic cation tetraethylammonium. NAP-taurine transport was saturable and its accumulation was inhibited by the metabolic inhibitors PAH, probenecid, 4,4' diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic stilbene (DIDS), ouabain, and the absence of sodium. Kinetic studies showed that the Km for NAP-taurine is 3.5 X 10(-5) M, and also that PAH competitively inhibits NAP-taurine influx with a Ki of 1.2 X 10(-3) M. Experiments with the rat isolated perfused kidney gave the NAP-taurine-to inulin clearance ratio of approximately 5, indicating net tubular secretion. DIDS significantly reduced this clearance ratio to 0.8. The results suggest NAP taurine is handled by the kidney in a manner analogous to PAH and may thus be useful as a photoaffinity label for the renal organic anion transport system. PMID- 7246780 TI - Intrinsic nervous control of migrating myoelectric complexes. AB - The role of intrinsic nerves in the control of migrating myoelectric complexes (MMCs) was studied in seven conscious dogs, each implanted with a set of eight bipolar Trimel wire electrodes. Local areas, 3-5 cm long, were perfused close intra-arterially via an exteriorized heparinized Silastic cannula. Experiments consisted of giving bolus injections of atropine (20-50 micrograms), hexamethonium (20 mg), and tetrodotoxin (TTX; 3-30 micrograms) via the catheter at varying periods of time with respect to the arrival of phase III at the perfused site. Atropine and hexamethonium, given close intra-arterially immediately before the arrival of phase II at the perfused site, blocked its further propagation. Tetrodotoxin given locally also blocked the propagation of phage III, as above. After the block, TTX initiated a new phase III activity at, or distal to, the perfused site in 10 out of 14 perfusions. The new phase III activity propagated distally. This study shows that the mechanisms for the initiation and propagation of MMCs are built into the enteric plexus. Once an MMC is initiated, its propagation is achieved by proximal-to-distal excitation through the intrinsic cholinergic network of neurons. This study explains the lack of any significant changes in the propagation parameters of MMCs after vagotomy or celiac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy. PMID- 7246781 TI - Permeability of intestinal capillaries to small molecules. AB - The permeability of capillaries in the isolated, vascularly perfused cat ileum was studied with the double-indicator diffusion technique. The molecules studied were raffinose, inulin, and beta-lactoglobulin A. Plasma flow through the tissue was increased by local intra-arterial infusions of isoproterenol (a selective mucosal vasodilator) or adenosine (a dilator of the muscularis vasculature). The permeability-surface area product (PS) for all solutes increased with increasing plasma flow. At the highest plasma flow acquired with isoproterenol, PS values for raffinose, inulin, and beta-lactoglobulin A were approximately 40, 20, and 4 ml.min-1.100 g-1, respectively. These data suggest that capillaries in the mucosa submucosa of the ileum are at least five to seven times more permeable to raffinose and inulin than has been reported for skeletal muscle capillaries. Selective vasodilation of the muscularis region with adenosine reduced PS values for raffinose and inulin at each flow rate studied. The data are consistent with equivalent pore radii of approximately 60 A for capillaries in the mucosa submucosa and 40 A in the muscularis of the small intestine. PMID- 7246783 TI - Three-dimensional myocardial and ventricular shape: a surface representation. AB - To date, a detailed three-dimensional (3D) analysis of cardiac shape and size has not been available. Accordingly, we developed a method for such an analysis using sectioned hearts and a computer-based 3D description of the epi- and endocardial surfaces of the left and right ventricles (LV and RV) and the interventricular septum. The accuracy of this analysis as a function of section thickness (hs) was evaluated and reference axes for the LV, RV, and myocardium determined in eight canine hearts. After diastolic arrest, the RV, LV, and their atria were fixed in formaldehyde solution at pressures of 6 and 12 cmH2O, respectively. The hearts were then cast (plastic or gelatin) and sectioned, and the surfaces were digitized. We found that 1) accurate 3D computer reconstructions and computed volumes of the LV, RV, and myocardium were obtained then hs less than or equal to 5 mm, 2) the apex-to-base circumference and cross-sectional area relations could be approximated provided hs less than 10 mm, and 3) the section centers of gravity for the LV, RV, and myocardium defined three distinct vertical lines. Thus, an accurate description of 3D configuration is obtainable by a 5-mm section thickness. The centers of gravity provide a set of geometrical references for the study of shape in normal and diseased hearts. PMID- 7246782 TI - Interstitium-to-blood movement of macromolecules in the absorbing small intestine. AB - The relative roles of diffusion and convection in the transport of plasma proteins across intestinal capillaries were estimated for absorbing and nonabsorbing segments of cat ileum. Diffusive, convective, and net protein fluxes were estimated with steady-state lymph and plasma protein concentrations, lymph flow, net transmucosal volume flow, and phenomenological transport equations. The results acquired indicate that convection accounts for approximately 80-90% of total net transcapillary solute movement at normal and increased capillary filtration rates. When the intestinal capillaries are converted from filtering to absorbing vessels by enhancing transmucosal water movement, the convective and diffusive protein fluxes occur in opposite directions, i.e., significant quantities of plasma proteins move from interstitium to blood by convection. These findings suggest that the magnitude of the capillary protein leakage during absorption is far greater than predicted using lymphatic protein flux changes. The massive movement of plasma proteins into and out of the mucosal interstitium during absorption may be advantageous for the removal of protein-bound nutrients (e.g., fatty acids). PMID- 7246784 TI - Chronic implantation of radiopaque beads on endocardium, midwall, and epicardium. AB - We have developed a method by which we can implant in chronic dog preparations over 200 radiopaque markers on the endocardial, midwall, and epicardial surfaces of the heart. The method is simple and fast and can allow for the determination of changes in local dimensions, shape, and volume in conscious dogs. PMID- 7246785 TI - Effects of verapamil on heart and circulation in hemorrhagic shock in dogs. AB - Myocardial blood flow and left ventricular oxygen utilization were studied in verapamil-treated and untreated pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs subjected to hemorrhagic shock. Blood loss was similar in both groups. The dogs treated with verapamil (n = 15) during shock had a slower heart rate and lower left ventricular oxygen utilization than the untreated dogs (n = 14). Nevertheless, the treated dogs had a significantly higher myocardial blood flow and were able to maintain a higher cardiac index. Thus, verapamil has beneficial hemodynamic and metabolic effects that preserve myocardial function. These effects may explain the improved survival and protection of the heart against anatomic lesions, which have been demonstrated previously in dogs treated with verapamil during hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 7246786 TI - Short time constant for rate-dependent changes of atrioventricular conduction in dogs. AB - The number of short cardiac cycles necessary to induce, and normal cycles to dissipate, a rate-dependent shortening in atrioventricular (AV) nodal functional refractory period (FRP) and conduction time (CT) was determined in six anesthetized dogs. For the induction study, the periodic premature stimulation procedure was performed at control and repeated six times while 1, ..., 6 conditioning short prepremature cycles (PPC) were introduced between the last basic cycle and the premature cycle. In all dogs, FRP was maximally shortened and the recovery curve was maximally shifted to the left when the premature cycle was preceded by 1 PPC. Adding 2, ..., 6 PPC resulted in slightly fewer but persistent shortenings of both FRP and CT. The dissipation of the FRP and CT shortenings produced by 2 and 6 PPC was studied subsequently in the same dogs by introducing 1, ..., 6 normal basic cycles between the last PPC and the test premature cycle. The FRP and CT shortenings induced by 2 or 6 PPC were almost completely dissipated after one normal basic cycle. Thus, one short cycle produces a maximum shortening in AV nodal FRP and CT, and one normal basic cycle is sufficient to dissipate these effects. PMID- 7246787 TI - Pulmonary vascular smooth muscle function in porcine splanchnic arterial occlusion shock. AB - Pulmonary complications are a major cause of death in patients in various forms of shock. The exact causes of the pulmonary complications are unknown. This study evaluates the functional characteristics of intralobar pulmonary arteries (IPA) and veins (IPV) obtained from swine subjected to splanchnic arterial occlusion (SAO) shock ans subsequent cardiovascular collapse and sham-shocked swine subjected to surgery but no occlusion. The contractile response of pulmonary arteries to norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) were depressed when obtained from pigs subjected to SAO shock. The depression in the sensitivity to 5-HT and maximal tension development to 5-HT and NE was selective, since the responses to potassium ion were not depressed. IPA obtained from swine with SAO shock were more sensitive to the relaxant actions of arachidonic acid, a precursor for bisenoic prostaglandins, than were IPA from sham-shocked swine. This was not observed when prostaglandins were used as agonists. This suggests that synthesis of prostaglandin differs in the pulmonary vasculature of sham-shocked and SAO shocked animals. IPV obtained from swine in SAO shock were less sensitive to 5-HT and NE but more sensitive to arachidonic acid and 9 alpha, 11 alpha-epoxymethano PGH2, a thromboxane like compound. IPV obtained from swine in SAO shock converted more arachidonic acid into a substance with the chromatographic mobility of thromboxane B2. The data suggest that alterations in the prostaglandin system within the pulmonary artery and vein may contribute to the pulmonary complications of SAO shock. The alterations appear to include an enhanced synthesis of prostacyclin as well as thromboxane-like substance. Because the veins were more sensitive than the arteries to 9 alpha, 11 alpha-epoxymethano PGH2, thromboxanes or endoperoxides may elevate venous tone and contribute to the pulmonary edema associated with shock states. PMID- 7246788 TI - Sinoatrial node artery distribution and its relation to hierarchy of cardiac automaticity. AB - The sinoatrial node (SAN) artery (SANA) was cannulated in dogs anesthetized with chloralose (7 dogs) or pentobarbital (1 dog). Intra-SANA injection of acetylcholine (ACh) with edrophonium (EPh) produced a transient junctional rhythm (JR) when the cannula tip lay near SANA origin. However, when ACh-EPh was injected while the cannula tip lay within SAN region, a slower P wave rhythm, rather than a JR, developed. To determine visually the injected ACh-EPh distribution, an equal volume of dye was injected under similar conditions. Dye distribution patterns were consistent in all atria. These averaged 44 +/- 2% of the total endocardial surface, indicating that SANA distribution is not discrete, but widespread. Dye extended cranially, caudally, and laterally and included documented subsidiary pacemaker sites. Dye approached, but never trespassed, the coronary sinus ostium. Results suggest that cholinergic drug injection into the proximal SANA may suppress not only the SAN, but subsidiary atrial pacemakers as well. In this situation, junctional pacemakers probably emerge, not because of inherently greater automaticity, but after default of subsidiary atrial pacemakers. PMID- 7246789 TI - Central shunt flows and pressures in the mature fetal lamb. AB - Two to eight days after surgery, we determined biventricular cardiac output with the microsphere-dilution method and individual ventricular output with an electromagnetic flow sensor in 12 fetal lambs. Mean biventricular output was 462 ml.min-1.kg-1. Right ventricular output was 60%, pulmonary blood flow was 6%, blood flow in the ductus arteriosus was 54%, flow through the foramen ovale was 34%, and flow in the descending thoracic aorta above the ductus arteriosus was 12% of the biventricular cardiac output. Foramen ovale flow did not correlate with the pressure difference between the atria. The flow though the foramen ovale correlated positively with the flow in the inferior caval vein. It was concluded the shunt flow through the foramen ovale is mainly determined by the kinetic energy of the blood in the "lower atrial inflow tract." Fetal systemic somatic blood flow showed a reliable negative correlation with the oxygen tension in the fetal arterial blood. This was taken as presumptive evidence for long-term autoregulation of flow in the peripheral tissues. PMID- 7246790 TI - Centrally mediated effect of phenytoin on digoxin-induced ventricular arrhythmias. AB - Studies on the efficacy of phenytoin administered directly into the cerebrospinal fluid in protecting against digoxin-induced arrhythmias were carried out in 20 anesthetized dogs. Phenytoin was administered in an average dose of 10 mg directly into the cisterna magna of 10 dogs. The other control dogs received only the vehicle for phenytoin intrathecally. Both groups of dogs subsequently received a toxic dose of digoxin (0.2 mg/kg) intravenously. The time after intravenous digoxin to the onset of ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (VF) was significantly shorter in control animals compared to the phenytoin-treated dogs. In the control group, one dog survived the 3-h observation period without developing ventricular fibrillation, whereas 5 of the 10 phenytoin-treated dogs survived this period without VF (P less than 0.05). Phenytoin had a similar protective effect against digoxin-induced arrhythmias in 10 other dogs that received phenytoin intravenously. In the animals that received phenytoin intrathecally, plasma concentrations of phenytoin were undetectable. Thus, in this experimental model, phenytoin exerts a protective effect against digoxin-induced ventricular arrhythmias which is mediated via the central nervous system. PMID- 7246791 TI - Vascular volumes in isolated perfused guinea pig placenta. AB - Maternal and fetal vascular volumes were determined in 13 isolated artificially perfused guinea pig placentas by measuring mean transit times of an intravascular indicator (Evan's blue dye) at constant flow rates. When both maternal and fetal flow rates were 3.1 ml/min, the average maternal volume of the placenta was 1.85 +/- 0.54 (SD) ml, and the mean fetal volume was 0.92 +/- 0.2 (SD) ml. If calculated maternal volumes were corrected for the myometrial vascular volume and for the interlobium volume, the remaining volume attributable largely to the labyrinth averaged approximately 1.2 ml. When flow rates were changed on the fetal or the maternal side between 0 and 6.2 ml/min, vascular volumes also changed. For example, volumes increased directly with flow rates on that side of the placenta in which the flow change was introduced; in most cases, it decreased on the opposite side where the flow rates had not been altered. This intraplacental volume shift may be regarded as the basic event for the sluice flow phenomenon in placentas. PMID- 7246792 TI - Cerebral blood flow during elevation of intracranial pressure: role of sympathetic nerves. AB - This study was performed to examine effects of increased intracranial pressure on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and to determine if sympathetic nerves modulate this response. Intracranial pressure was raised by infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid into a lateral ventricle of rabbits. Increases in intracranial pressure were similar in the lateral ventricles and cisterna magna. Graded increases in intracranial pressure from base line of 7 to 96 mmHg produced graded reductions in CBF (measured with microspheres). Reductions in blood flow were heterogeneous: elevation of intracranial pressure from 7 +/- 1 to 46 +/- 3 (SE) mmHg reduced blood flow to the cerebrum by 33 +/- 5% and blood flow to the medulla by only 5 +/- 2% (P less than 0.05). Reduction of intracranial pressure to normal levels produced marked reactive hyperemia in all areas of the brain. Although sympathetic nerve traffic increased fivefold during intracranial hypertension, superior cervical ganglionectomy did not affect CBF. In other experiments, electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerves at 4 Hz reduced blood flow to skeletal muscle by 80% but did not affect CBF; stimulation at 15 Hz produced a modest reduction in CBF. We conclude that 1) during increases in intracranial pressure, blood flow is better preserved to the medulla than to the cerebrum despite similar intracranial pressure in the two areas and 2) intense reflex activation of sympathetic nerves during intracranial hypertension does not affect CBF. PMID- 7246793 TI - Prostaglandin modulation of adrenergic vascular control during hemorrhagic shock. AB - This study was designed to evaluate 1) whether the initial compensatory skeletal muscle vascular constriction induced by hemorrhagic hypotension is primarily the result of increased adrenergic neural tone rather than circulating vasoconstrictor agents, and 2) whether the secondary skeletal muscle decompensatory vasodilation is caused by inhibitory action of prostaglandins on peripheral adrenergic nervous system. A constant-flow vascularly isolated double canine gracilis muscle preparation in which one muscle served as innervated control for the contralateral muscle was used. Dogs were subjected to standard stepwise hemorrhagic shock protocol. In series 1, perfusion pressures of control muscles were compared to denervated muscles with the result that innervated muscle perfusion pressures increased initially from 105 to 175 mmHg but subsequently fell significantly (P less than 0.05) to 147 mmHg. Only modest increases in perfusion pressures with no significant secondary fall were noted in denervated muscles. Series 2 compared innervated control perfusion pressures to pressures perfusing muscles pretreated with prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor sodium meclofenamate (MCF). The MCF-treated muscle perfusion pressures rose to 260 mmHg where they remained without the secondary fall noted in control muscles. These data support the two hypotheses tested. PMID- 7246795 TI - Acute and chronic changes after aortic valve damage in the intact dog. AB - Acute aortic regurgitation was produced under anesthesia in 11 closed-chest dogs previously instrumented with ultrasound transducers. The immediate responses included increases in end-diastolic diameter (EDD), fractional shortening (FS), heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), the latter being transient as was a decrease in left ventricular peak systolic pressure (LVSP). End-systolic diameter (ESD) did not change. The grouped data suggest that no further changes occurred following the initial responses except in PCWP and LVSP. The data from individual dogs showed that there was a tendency for EDP, LVEDP, and PCWP to return toward control values after the initial increases in those dogs in which the heart rate increased after valve damage. This suggests that there were ongoing compensatory adjustments after the initial responses in this subgroup. Twelve dogs were followed chronically in the intact conscious state with echocardiographic measurements after acute aortic valve damage. EDD and ESD increased rapidly for about 80 days after which EDD increased slowly, whereas ESD showed no further change. Wall thickness and FS did not change throughout the period of study, suggesting that increasing wall thickness may be a relatively late change and that it may be related to the level of myocardial compensation. PMID- 7246794 TI - Effect of calcitonin, hydrocortisone, and parathyroid hormone on canine bone blood vessels. AB - Experiments were designed to determine whether or not calcitonin, parathormone, and glucocorticoids have direct effects on the vascular smooth muscle cells of bone blood vessels. Tibias of mongrel dogs were isolated. The arteria nutriens was cannulated and perfused at constant flow with aerated Krebs-Ringer solution (37 degrees C). The perfusion pressure was continuously recorded. In unstimulated preparations calcitonin caused dose-dependent increases in perfusion pressure, indicating that it causes constriction of bone blood vessels. Parathormone did not affect basal perfusion; it did not significantly alter vasoconstrictions caused by the injection of norepinephrine indicating that the hormone has no direct effect on the vascular smooth muscle of bone blood vessels. Hydrocortisone, at low concentrations, augmented the constrictions caused by exogenous norepinephrine and periarterial nerve stimulation; at higher concentrations, hydrocortisone caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the response to adrenergic activation. The depressant effect of hydrocortisone was antagonized by propranolol, suggesting that the glucocorticoid facilitates beta-adrenergic relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle cells by catecholamines. PMID- 7246797 TI - Temperature dependence of rat circadian pacemaker. AB - Blind female rats were maintained in running-wheel cages in a 12-h light-dark cycle. Hypothermia was induced by ether anesthesia, wetting of the fur by ethanol, and covering with ice. Rats were put in restraining cages and colonic temperatures were maintained between 20 and 32 degrees C for 3-16 h by cooling with ice and water. On recovery from hypothermia, the rats were replaced in their home wheels. Examination of the activity records showed significant phase delays associated with temperatures lower than 28 degrees C. At 20 degrees C, the phase delays indicated that the clock was running at about 64% normal speed giving a mean Q10 of 1.33, which is quite a bit higher than previously reported. It is speculated that, because the rat maintains its body temperature within narrow limits after the neonatal stage, it has lost the precise temperature compensation for the period of its biological clock that has been so well documented in other organisms. PMID- 7246798 TI - Distinctions among three sugars in their effects on gastric emptying and satiety. AB - We have studied in Macaca mulatta both the gastric emptying of glucose, D-xylose, and fructose and the effects of these sugars on feeding. Glucose and D-xylose empty in the same fashion, i.e., linearly and more slowly with increasing concentration so that the delivery of solute to the small intestine is constant at 0.1 g/min over time and across concentrations. Fructose empties exponentially and more rapidly than the other sugars. When solutions of each of these sugars (37.5 g in 150 ml) preceded the monkey's daily 4-h feeding period there was a similar total reduction in food intake for each. However, fructose inhibited food intake in the first 2 h of feeding less than did the other sugars just as it inhibited gastric emptying less. D-Xylose, although mimicking glucose in both gastric emptying and feeding on the experimental day, produced, as it is poorly metabolized, a caloric deficit replaced by overeating on the subsequent control day. We conclude from the similarities between glucose and xylose that the stomach, while emptying nutrients, influences feeding and can be at least one source of signals for preabsorptive satiety and caloric homeostasis. The results with fructose require that other sites must be active to permit a similar regulation of feeding to occur despite differing gastric emptying characteristics. PMID- 7246799 TI - Right atrial stretch decreases supraoptic neurosecretory activity and plasma vasopressin. AB - It is generally held that left atrial stretch (LAS) but not right atrial stretch (RAS) reflexly inhibits vasopressin release and results in a diuresis. To reexamine the influence of RAS on the release of vasopressin and on the behavior of antidromically identified supraoptic neurosecretory neurons, RAS and LAS were applied in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. Weighted 20 or 30 g sutures were placed in the left atrium pulmonary vein junction and at the base of the right atrial appendage. Antidromically identified supraoptic nucleus neurons were inhibited by both RAS and LAS applied independently and together, although fewer neurons were responsive to RAS alone. Simultaneous stretch of both atria resulted in greater inhibition of these neurons than did stretch of either atrium alone. Stretch of the right atrium alone also resulted in a significant decrease in plasma arginine vasopressin measured by radioimmunoassay. Differences between these results and other reports may stem from differences in the method of RAS or the specific right atrial receptors affected. PMID- 7246796 TI - Geometric similarity of aorta, venae cavae, and certain of their branches in mammals. AB - The diameters of the aorta and venae cavae at various points throughout their lengths, the diameters of their major branches, and the lengths of various aortic and vena caval segments were measured in plastic corrosion casts of the arterial and venous systems of the normal adult mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, goat, horse, and cow, extending over a body weight range of 38,000-fold (arterial) and 1,100-fold (venous). It is shown that the diameters and lengths of these vessels are described by power-law equations relating the particular diameter or length to body weight (BW) raised to a particular diameter or length to body weight (BW) raised to a particular power, i.e., diameter = a BWb. Equations for the diameters and lengths of the vessels are given for slightly distended vessels and for vessels distended in the physiological range. PMID- 7246800 TI - Coronary circulation in hearts from hibernating, normothermic, and cold acclimated hamsters. AB - We have investigated the influence of temperature, acute global ischemia, adenosine administration, and alterations in perfusion pressure on the coronary circulation of isolated, perfused spontaneously beating hearts from hibernating, normothermic, and cold-acclimated (nonhibernating) hamsters. No differences in heart rates were observed among groups at either 9 or 38 degrees C. Hearts from hibernating hamsters showed some differences in autoregulatory capacity at both the low and normal temperatures. All hearts exhibited similar responses to 30 s of global ischemia at both temperatures, with a marked reduction in the response at 9 degrees C. Similarly, the magnitude of the vasculature response to adenosine (250 micrograms) at 38 and 9 degrees C was equal in both normothermic and hibernating hearts perfused at 38 degrees C. Responses were abolished in all groups at 9 degrees C. We conclude that the altered ability of hibernating hearts to autoregulate is possibly due to intrinsic differences initiated by hibernation, while the responses to adenosine, and global ischemia are largely temperature-dependent effects. PMID- 7246802 TI - Gonadal hormones organize and modulate the circadian system of the rat. AB - The circadian wheel-running rhythms of gonadectomized adult male, female, and perinatally androgenized female rats, maintained in constant darkness, were examined before and after implantation of Silastic capsules containing cholesterol (C) or estradiol-17 beta (E). The free-running period of the activity rhythm (tau) before capsule implantation tended to be shorter in animals exposed to perinatal androgen. Administration of C did not reliably alter tau in any group. E significantly shortened tau in 100% of females injected with oil on day 3 of life. In females, injected with 3.5 micrograms testosterone propionate on day 3, and males, E shortened or lengthened tau, with the direction and magnitude of this change in tau inversely related to the length of the individual's pretreatment tau. These data indicate that the presence of perinatal androgen does not eliminate the sensitivity of the circadian system of the rat to estrogen, since estrogen alters tau in a manner that depends on its pretreatment length. PMID- 7246803 TI - Circannual renal function and plasma electrolytes of the marmot. AB - Studies with unanesthetized active (non-lethargic) marmots demonstrated circannual rhythms of renal function (clearances of p-aminohippurate, creatinine, and inulin), plasma osmolality, and plasma sodium and potassium concentrations. Effective renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, the clearance of creatinine, and plasma potassium were highest in spring and lowest in the fall and winter. Plasma osmolality and plasma sodium concentrations tended to be highest during the winter months and lowest in the spring and summer. p Aminohippurate excretion was shown to be a Tm-limited system. PMID- 7246801 TI - Pre- and postganglionic sympathetic activity in splanchnic nerves of rats. AB - Integrated sympathetic activity was recorded on anterior or posterior divisions of the greater splanchnic nerve (GSN) in anesthetized, acutely spinalized, artificially respired Wistar rats before and after ganglionic blockade by hexamethonium. Focal electrical stimulation of spinal sympathoexcitatory pathways elicited large increases in splanchnic sympathetic activity. Ganglionic blockade showed that the anterior and posterior divisions of the GSN are predominantly preganglionic and postganglionic, respectively. Histological examination of excised splanchnic nerves and sympathetic chains indicated that splanchnic postganglionic cell bodies must lie in the chain ganglia rather than within the GSN. Postganglionic responses were calculated for each rat by subtracting responses recorded after ganglionic blockade from responses recorded before ganglionic blockade. As expected, postganglionic responses exhibited longer onset latencies than preganglionic responses. However, evoked activity increased and decreased more rapidly in postganglionic fibers than in preganglionic fibers. Responses to stimulus trains were also better maintained in postganglionic than in preganglionic fibers. PMID- 7246804 TI - Psychopathology in individuals with sexual dysfunction. AB - The literature contains contradictory reports on the psychiatric status of individuals with sexual dysfunction. As a step toward resolving the controversy the authors administered the SCL-90-R to a large series of patients who sought treatment for sexual disorders (N = 325). Psychiatric evaluations were also done for each patient. Results showed disproportionate levels of psychological distress, reflected in SCL-90-R symptom profiles; approximately one-third of the 199 men and one-half of the 126 women in the series were also assigned psychiatric diagnoses. Findings provided evidence suggesting that the various sexual dysfunctions have characteristic symptom profiles; however, interpretation should be cautious because the cause-and-effect relationship between psychological distress and sexual dysfunctions remains complex and uncharted. PMID- 7246806 TI - Evaluation and diagnosis of persistent insomnia. AB - The authors placed 84 patients who complained of insomnia into 10 diagnostic categories on the basis of medical, psychiatric, and polysomnographic evaluations. Only half the patients had objectively defined difficulty inducing or maintaining sleep when compared with 20 normal control subjects. However, all but 16 patients showed polysomnographic evidence of some sleep disorder. Diagnostic categories within the insomnia groups could be distinguished from one another by polysomnography. Patients in only 3 of the 10 diagnostic categories showed evidence of psychological distress on the MMPI; patients in the other 7 categories displayed few psychological symptoms. These results have implications for the treatment of insomnia. PMID- 7246808 TI - Established chronicity of psychotic symptoms in first-admission schizophrenic patients. AB - The course of schizophrenia before a patient's first admission is important theoretically, prognostically, and from a preventive psychiatric perspective. However, there is little systematically collected information on this topic. In this evaluation of a representative sample of first-admission schizophrenic patients, there was a wide variation in chronicity of psychotic symptoms before admission, with 20% of the patients having been symptomatic for more than 2 years and 28% for less than 1 week. Delusions of grandeur, delusions of reference, and suspiciousness were more common in the more chronic patients than in the most acute patients; symptoms of withdrawal and retardation showed the opposite pattern. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for prognosis, prevention, and theory. PMID- 7246807 TI - Effect of the Rennie decision on private hospitalization in New Jersey: two case reports. AB - The Rennie decision in New Jersey on the right to refuse treatment has been extended from public mental health programs to private psychiatric hospitals where conditions are very different from those which engendered the decision. This ripple effect may result in therapeutic delay, increased cost, possible general medical neglect, family turmoil, and misuse or loss of insurance benefits. The two cases described by the author resulted in expenditures of more than $30,000 by the patients and their insurers. The author criticizes the policy of using independent psychiatrists to review treatment in private hospitals. He believes that if the right to refuse treatment is maintained, prompt judicial review without prior restraining orders should be public policy. PMID- 7246809 TI - Pretreatment source of income and response to methadone maintenance: a follow-up study. AB - The authors assessed the relationship between source of pretreatment income and response to treatment at 6-month follow-up in 165 male veterans admitted to a methadone maintenance treatment program. Subjects were grouped according to whether the majority of their pretreatment income was based on job earnings, public assistance, or criminal activity. Significant improvements in drug use, legal status, and psychological functioning were found in the employed group. The group supported by criminal activity showed the most significant and pervasive improvements, especially in the areas of drug use and family, legal, and employment problems. The group receiving public assistance showed no significant improvements on any of the 16 criterion measures, including drug use. PMID- 7246805 TI - A comparison of nonpatient and bipolar patient-well spouse couples. AB - The authors compared responses of 16 couples, in which one partner had a diagnosis of remitted bipolar illness, to a lengthy self-report questionnaire (KDS-15) designed to assess many aspects of marital adjustment with those of 16 matched nonpatient couples. The bipolar patient-well spouse couples had marital adjustments closely resembling those of the nonpatient couples; three of four global ratings of satisfaction failed to discriminate between the two groups. Perceptions of the courtship, first year of marriage, and the degree to which the marriage had met expectations were also similar for both groups. PMID- 7246810 TI - Clinical and cost benefits of liaison psychiatry. AB - A liaison psychiatrist participated in the postoperative care of a group of elderly patients who underwent surgery for fractured femurs. Clinical outcomes for this group were compared with a control group of patients who were not treated by a liaison psychiatrist. Length of stay for the treatment group was 12 days shorter than for the control group, and twice as many patients in the treatment group returned home rather than being discharged to a nursing home or other health-related institution; therefore, a substantial reduction in the cost of their medical care was effected. The authors suggest that psychiatric liaison services should be viewed as a potential cost containment mechanism for general medical care. PMID- 7246811 TI - A preliminary study of the personality of the nightmare sufferer: relationship to schizophrenia and creativity? AB - Through psychiatric interviews and psychological tests the authors studied 38 adults who reported experiencing at least one nightmare per week. Nearly all of the subjects had a lifelong history of frequent nightmares. Four of the subjects met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia, 9 met the criteria for borderline personality, and 6 met the criteria for schizotypal personality. The others had no specific diagnosis, and none of the subjects had a diagnosis of typical neurosis. Many had mentally ill relatives. Most had artistic interests and talents. These nightmare sufferers may be seen as unusually vulnerable, with a potential for mental illness--especially schizophrenia--as well as a potential for artistic achievement. PMID- 7246812 TI - Does attitude toward psychosis relate to outcome? AB - In a previous follow-up of recovered schizophrenic patients, it was found that a positive, integrating attitude toward illness correlated with good outcome. In similar research at NIH, the authors of this study obtained partial replication of these findings. Specifically, the less negative patients were about their illness and future, the better their outcome. A very positive attitude was not associated with good outcome. Hence, the absence of a negative attitude appears critical. The authors failed to find a relationship between integration or isolation of the psychotic experience and outcome, which suggests the incidence of this (unconscious) psychological coping style from a conscious attitude and opinion about illness and the future. PMID- 7246814 TI - Racial differences in perception of ward atmosphere. AB - The authors administered the Moos Ward Atmosphere Scale (WAS) to 17 black inpatients and 17 white inpatients at a VA hospital. Scores on 5 of the 10 subscales reflected significant differences on the basis of race. From these results, the authors assume that black patients and white patients perceive the same ward environment differently. They briefly discuss the treatment implications of such perceptual differences. PMID- 7246813 TI - Pseudodementia and physical findings masking significant psychopathology. AB - In a study of 53 medical-surgical patients who were in extended care and were consecutively referred for psychiatric evaluation, 7 (13%) of the patients had been considered to have unequivocal dementia, yet 3 of them (6% of the total or 43% of those considered demented) were found to have a false-dementing psychiatric disorder. Physical findings contributed to masking the psychopathology, which included psychotic depression with the Ganser symptom in 2 patients and hysterical pseudodementia with depression in 1 patient. Criteria that have been recommended to differentiate pseudodementia from dementia could lead to misdiagnosis in the type of case described, which suggests the need for a typology of depressive pseudodementia. PMID- 7246815 TI - The fate of the clinical interview: an observational study. AB - To highlight differences between data observed in patient interviews conducted by medical students and reports of these data in supervision, the authors compared the number of themes in 26 videotaped interviews with those reported by the students in supervision. They found that 54% of the themes of the videotaped interviews were not reported in supervision; 42% of the themes were reported. Some degree of distortion was present in 14 (54%) of the interviews; 6% (N = 37) of the themes identified were distorted. The authors conclude that the training of students in psychiatry must include careful attention to observation of the manifest details of the actual patient interview conducted by the student. PMID- 7246816 TI - Coping with adversaries in elective public office. AB - The author, a psychoanalyst who has served as an elected public official, has observed and participated in many adversary relationships in that they provide explicit procedures for expression and resolution of disputes. These cognitive features can neutralize some of the emotional impact of the conflicts, but their frequency, intensity, and pervasiveness can still be stressful to elected officials. The author describes his own strategies for coping with that stress as well as some strategies used by other elected officials. PMID- 7246818 TI - Psychotic depression: a separate entity? PMID- 7246817 TI - Physostigmine and its effect on six patients with dementia. PMID- 7246821 TI - Withdrawal from chronic phencyclidine (PCP) dependence with desipramine. PMID- 7246819 TI - Effect of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking on antidepressant levels of depressed patients. PMID- 7246820 TI - Increased autonomic responses to neutral and emotional stimuli in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 7246825 TI - "Ex-gays": religious abuse of psychiatry? PMID- 7246823 TI - A case report of megaloblastic anemia secondary to lithium. PMID- 7246822 TI - Effects of lithium on memory. PMID- 7246824 TI - A case report of toxic psychosis with low-dose propranolol therapy. PMID- 7246827 TI - Neuropsychologic deficits and Capgras syndrome. PMID- 7246826 TI - Studies of self-mutilating patients. PMID- 7246828 TI - Dangerousness of the mentally ill? PMID- 7246829 TI - Depression and jet lag. PMID- 7246830 TI - Eliminating hypotension with abdominal binders. PMID- 7246831 TI - Quality of care assessment: its role in the 1980s. PMID- 7246832 TI - The challenge of studying the disease effects of stressful work conditions. PMID- 7246833 TI - Decision-making under uncertainty: foster care for abused or neglected children? PMID- 7246834 TI - Quality assessment by process and outcome methods: evaluation of emergency room care of asthmatic adults. AB - Weighted process criteria based on chart review and weighted outcome criteria based on telephone interview were used to assess the quality of care for adult patients with asthma in the emergency rooms of a municipal and a voluntary hospital which share medical personnel. Process scores were highly correlated with 24-hour outcome scores at both hospitals but not with 7-day outcome scores. Our findings suggest that appropriate weighted process and outcome criteria are valid and useful methods for quality assessment, and underline the importance of choice of an appropriate "time window" for assessment of outcome. In addition, these assessment methods provide important "feedback" information for those providing care in the emergency room. (Am J Public Health 1981;71:687-693) PMID- 7246835 TI - Job decision latitude, job demands, and cardiovascular disease: a prospective study of Swedish men. AB - The association between specific job characteristics and subsequent cardiovascular disease was tested using a large random sample of the male working Swedish population. The prospective development of coronary heart disease (CHD) symptoms and signs was analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression technique. Additionally, a case-controlled study was used to analyze all cardiovascular-cerebrovascular (CHD-CVD) deaths during a six-year follow-up. The indicator of CHD symptoms and signs was validated in a six-year prospective study of CHD deaths (standardized mortality ratio 5.0; p less than or equal to .001). A hectic and psychologically demanding job increases the risk of developing CHD symptoms and signs (standardized odds ratio 1.29, p less than 0.25) and premature CHD-CVD death (relative risk 4.0, p less than .01). Low decision latitude expressed as low intellectual discretion and low personal schedule freedom-is also associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Low intellectual discretion predicts the development of CHD symptoms and signs (SOR 1.44, p less than .01), while low personal schedule freedom among the majority of workers with the minimum statutory education increases the risk of CHD-CVD death (RR 6.6, p less than .0002). The associations exist after controlling for age, education, smoking, and overweight. PMID- 7246836 TI - Determinants of foster care placement for the maltreated child. AB - This study examined the records of the North Carolina Central Registry of Child Abuse and Neglect to determine which social, family, and child characteristics were most influential in the decision to place a child in foster care. These records contained all theoretically relevant factors as well as demographic data. Analysis included the computation of odds ratios for foster care for each of 250 variables. A maximum likelihood logistic regression model was constructed to obtain the independent and cumulative contribution of each factor. Some expected variables such as parental stress factors (substance abuse) and types of abuse (burns and scalds) placed a child at a significant risk for placement in foster care (p less than 0.01). However, less obvious factors such as referral source (law enforcement agencies) or geographic area also placed children at risk. Overall, the model explained little of the variance of these decisions (R2 = 0.168) and poorly predicted placement (sensitivity 66.3 per cent, specificity 74.6 per cent). Using existing data, we were unable to adequately describe the decision process in selecting foster care. PMID- 7246837 TI - The risk of childbearing re-evaluated. AB - To determine the completeness of reporting of maternal deaths after live born deliveries in Georgia for 1975 and 1976, we matched death certificates with corresponding birth certificates for women of reproductive age. For these two years, more intensive searching led to our finding a minimum of a 27 per cent higher number of maternal deaths than that found by routine death certificate surveillance. When the delivery-death interval was not restricted to 42 days, use of the record linkage method led to a 50 per cent increase in reporting of maternal deaths. We recommend that special efforts be made to obtain more complete reporting of all pregnancy-related deaths and that completeness of reporting be periodically evaluated for all states. PMID- 7246838 TI - Fluoridation: strategies for success. AB - Of 19 referenda on community water fluoridation held in the first six months of 1980, 17 were defeated. Among the postulated reasons are a growing distrust of government and the health establishment. The public remains largely ignorant of the purpose and benefits of fluoridation. The emotionalism surrounding the issue has made it difficult to generate public support outside of the health professions. Opponents have also learned to fight fluoridation with increasingly sophisticated techniques. Some of the strategies used in recent successful campaigns in Oakland, California, and Portland, Oregon are described; recommendations that can be applied to communities considering fluoridation include careful wording of ballot measures so they are unequivocally clear and simple; timing ballot measures with elections likely to draw the largest voter turnout; broadening the base of political and financial support; using a figurehead if possible; and making maximum use of the media. PMID- 7246840 TI - Drinking water sodium and blood pressure: a cautious view of the 'second look'. PMID- 7246841 TI - Help-seeking behavior among select populations of black unmarried adolescent fathers: implications for human service agencies. AB - This study was undertaken to provide additional information on what are appropriate roles for agencies in relation to unmarried adolescent fathers. The findings indicate that such appropriate roles for agencies would include the provision of psychosocial counseling, vocational guidance, and parenting education. It was concluded that agency personnel would have to reach out assertively to unmarried adolescent fathers in order to serve them more effectively. (Am J Public Health 1981;71:733-735.) PMID- 7246843 TI - Evaluation of rural primary health care services in Iran: report on vital statistics in West Azarbaijan. AB - Iranian indigenous front-line health workers (FLHW) were locally trained to deliver environmental and primary health care services to mothers and children. After two years, there was a significant decline in crude birth and death rates and in infant and 1-5 year mortality rates in the test area as compared to a control area. One out of four encounters was referred to a health center physician, the remainder being handled by the FLHWs themselves. (Am J Public Health 1981;71:739-742.) PMID- 7246842 TI - Anemia of pregnancy: evaluation of the effectiveness of routine dietary supplementation program in an Israeli community. AB - Of 514 Israeli women 4-5 months pregnant, 200 who were non-anemic (Hb 11 gm/100 ml or higher) took a daily supplement of ferrous sulfate (100 mg elemental iron). The 160 who remained on this regimen showed, as a group significantly less reduction in hemoglobin levels than 180 non-anemic women who did not wish to take the supplement. Forty of the 200 women either dropped out or were shifted to other treatment regimens because they developed anemia after the fifth month. PMID- 7246844 TI - Evaluation of the Rhode Island child restraint law. AB - In Rhode Island, a law went into force July 1, 1980, requiring drivers to transport children who are in the front seats of vehicles in properly used child restraints. In the fourth month of the law, restraint use and travel in rear seats had increased moderately; the net result was an increase in proper restraint use in rear seats (11 to 23 per cent) and a decrease in unrestrained, front seat travel (41 to 26 per cent). (Am J Public Health 1981;71:742-743.) PMID- 7246839 TI - Drinking water sodium and blood pressure in children: a second look. AB - A previous study by the current authors demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically important elevation of 3-5 mmHg in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in high school sophomores in a community with 108 mg/L of sodium in the water supply when compared to their peers in an appropriately matched community with 8 mg/L of sodium. The current investigation, employing identical techniques but studying third graders in the same two communities, showed similar results. This second look considered dietary intake and urinary excretion of sodium. Since the difference in 24-hour dietary sodium consumption was 300 milligrams between the communities, an intake of one liter of high sodium tap water represented approximately 25 per cent of the difference in total sodium intake between the two communities. These studies suggest that sodium consumption in both drinking water and diet may be contributing to the different blood pressure distributions among the normotensive children in the two communities. PMID- 7246846 TI - The paperwork crunch in state public health laboratories. PMID- 7246847 TI - Teaching poison prevention to preschool children, their parents, and professional educators through child care centers. AB - A PROGRAM TO TEACH POISON PREVENTION TO PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN DAY CARE CENTERS WAS DESIGNED TO TEACH THREE BASIC CONCEPTS: where poison is, what poison is, and how to avoid poison. A series of ten slide-cassette presentations and numerous teaching aids were developed for use by the day care center instructor to the children. Over 3,000 children were enrolled in the program. Evaluation shows that poison prevention education can be demonstrated in children less than five years of age. (Am J Public Health 1981;71:750-752.) PMID- 7246845 TI - Asbestos in Vermont schools: findings of a statewide on-site investigation. AB - Materials containing asbestos were found in 75 per cent of 336 Vermont Schools constructed or renovated between 1946 and 1974, with two-fifths of the materials in student exposure areas. Findings from visits to all schools contrasted with an earlier investigation relying on self-reporting. Of 105 schools with student exposure disclosed by the current survey, only eight had been identified in the earlier effort. Ceiling tiles, previously not believed to contain substantial asbestos material, constituted a source of student exposure in 36 schools. PMID- 7246848 TI - Allergic granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss syndrome): pulmonary and renal morphologic findings. AB - The pulmonary histopathology of four cases of allergic granulomatosis (Churg Strauss syndrome) was reviewed. Renal tissue was also studied in one case. The patients were young and most presented with asthmatic symptomatology. They showed marked peripheral blood eosinophilia, and had fluffy nodular pulmonary infiltrates by chest x-ray. Serum IgE was elevated in the one patient in whom it was obtained. The lung tissue in all cases showed necrotizing giant-cell vasculitis, interstitial and perivascular granulomas, and eosinophilic pneumonia like areas. These microscopic features distinguish allergic granulomatosis from other forms of pulmonary eosinophilia or vasculitis. Renal tissue showed necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis and interstitial eosinophilic nephritis, without evidence of glomerulonephritis. Electron-microscopic study of one lung biopsy and of the renal tissue demonstrated tissue eosinophilia and, in lung, a granuloma. There was no evidence of vascular or glomerular electron-dense deposits. These findings are discussed in the light of possible pathogenetic mechanisms of allergic granulomatosis. PMID- 7246849 TI - Intravascular fasciitis: a report of 17 cases. AB - Seventeen cases of intravascular fasciitis were reported from the files of the AFIP (14 cases) and the Pathology Department, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (three cases). It is characterized by the histologic features of nodular fasciitis but with intraluminal, intramural, and extramural involvement of small to medium-sized veins and arteries and multinodular or serpentine growth along the course of affected blood vessels. A painless, slowly growing mass was most common. Fourteen patients (82%) were under age 30 (range 1/2-57 years); the sex ratio was about equal. Seven cases were located in the upper extremity (three hand, two wrist or forearm, two shoulder), three on the ankle or lower leg, five on the head and neck, and two in the chest wall and breast. Most cases were small with a mean diameter of 1.5 cm, but two were elongated masses measuring 4-5 cm in length. At surgery, four cases showed intimate association with large veins or arteries. This type of fasciitis is rare and has been found in only one of 14 consecutive cases of modular fasciitis operated at this university hospital between 1969 and 1978. Six of 15 consultation cases were originally confused with sarcoma. Intravascular fasciitis is benign. Seven patients were free of disease from 2.5 to 20 years (mean 9.5 years); two patients had local recurrences. PMID- 7246851 TI - Ovarian carcinoid composed of argyrophil and argentaffin cells. AB - A rare case of ovarian carcinoid tumor composed of both argyrophil and argentaffin cells is reported. The tumor cells were arranged in solid-trabecular or glandular fashion. Electron microscopically, each of the argyrophil and argentaffin tumor cells had intracytoplasmic neurosecretory granules possessing their own characteristics. Immunoflourescent and immunohistological procedures failed to demonstrate thyroglobulin, calcitonin, and CEA in the tumor. No structures suggestive of a struma ovarii were identifiable. Scattered in the tumor were mucinous cysts with APUD cells lying between the lining epithelial cells. These APUD cells are thought to be the origin of this pure ovarian carcinoid tumor. PMID- 7246852 TI - Cystic prolactinoma: a variant of "transitional cell tumor" of the pituitary. AB - Pituitary tumors with features of both Rathke's cleft cysts and adenohypophysial adenomas are extremely rare and have been termed "transitional cel tumors." The ultrastructural features of one of these tumors has been reported, demonstrating cells with features transitional between those of adenohypophysial cells and Rathke's cleft cells, along with other cells with the distinctive features of either cell type. We report a case of a prolactin-secreting "transitional cell tumor" with similar light-microscopic and ultrastructural features. Additionally, the transitional cells in our case exhibited abundant intracellular mucin production. This represents a variant of "transitional cell tumor" of the pituitary gland. PMID- 7246853 TI - Fibroadenomas of the breast with prominent smooth muscle. PMID- 7246850 TI - Pulmonary involvement of malignant histiocytosis: a clinicopathologic spectrum. AB - We described five patients in whom pulmonary malignant histiocytosis was histologically confirmed during life. Pulmonary symptoms dominated the clinical presentation in three patients, and one patient had a 5-year history of pulmonary malignant histiocytosis controlled by steroids. Radiologic features were nonspecific. Most patients had bilateral reticulonodular or fluffy infiltrates. Recurrent pulmonary histiocytosis in one patient was manifest by bilateral pulmonary nodules. Pathologically, pulmonary infiltration by malignant histiocytosis followed the normal lymphatic pathways of the lung along bronchovascular rays, in interlobular septa, and within the pleura. Unusual features included marked septal edema and fibrosis out of proportion to the degree of infiltration, and in one case, the marked predilection fo the infiltrate to occlude small airways ("malignant histiocytosis bronchiolitis"). Three patients had microscopic nondestructive nodules adjacent to lymphatics. A pulmonary recurrent in one patient was composed of large monomorphous nodules with central necrosis and prominent vascular infiltration by malignant cells. The pulmonary infiltrate of malignant histiocytosis was often heterogeneous, and included variable numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells intermingled with alveolar macrophages and metaplastic alveolar lining cells. The cytologic features of the infiltrate varied from benign to pleomorphic and obviously malignant. Histologic features which may obscure the correct diagnosis, as they did initially in three of our cases, include: malignant histiocytic bronchiolitis, marked septal edema and fibrosis; the heterogeneous cellular infiltrate; and in one case, benign cytologic features. The most valuable initial clue to the correct diagnosis was the tendency of the infiltrates to follow lymphatics of the lung. PMID- 7246854 TI - Atherosclerosis. Current Concept. PMID- 7246855 TI - Will atheroma regress with diet and exercise? PMID- 7246856 TI - Ischemic heart disease: an epidemic on the Wane? PMID- 7246857 TI - Is re-revascularization clinically beneficial? PMID- 7246858 TI - Surgical management of acute mechanical defects secondary to myocardial infarction. PMID- 7246859 TI - Results of ventricular aneurysmectomy. PMID- 7246860 TI - Colonic diverticulitis in patients under age 40: need for earlier diagnosis. PMID- 7246861 TI - Healing of incisional wounds in stomach and duodenum. Functional interaction between normal and wounded tissue. PMID- 7246864 TI - Surgical treatment of benign nontoxic intrathoracic goiter. A long-term observation. PMID- 7246865 TI - Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Report of a case and study of 18 cases in Japan. PMID- 7246863 TI - Risk factors in healing of below-knee amputation. Appraisal of 64 amputations in patients with vascular disease. PMID- 7246862 TI - Use of colchicine to inhibit wound contraction. PMID- 7246866 TI - Diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the gallbladder. PMID- 7246867 TI - Choledochoduodenal fistula: an unusual complication of duodenal ulcer disease. PMID- 7246868 TI - Severe lithium-induced diabetes insipidus in a surgical patient treated with hydrochlorothiazide. PMID- 7246870 TI - Pine-needle sound: a new tool for sphincteroplasty. PMID- 7246871 TI - [Documentation of psychopathological data in psychopharmacotherapy]. PMID- 7246872 TI - [2d Czechoslovakian Symposium of Psychopharmacology. Smolenice, 28-30 September 1977]. PMID- 7246869 TI - Oxyphil cell adenoma as a cause of hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7246873 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of delayed-action lithium in affective psychoses]. PMID- 7246874 TI - [Lithium dose in relation to body weight and age in the preventive of relapses in manic-depressive psychosis]. PMID- 7246875 TI - [Does clozapine cause dependence?]. PMID- 7246876 TI - [Pharmacotherapy of delirium tremens]. PMID- 7246878 TI - [Cooperation of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy: an experimental illustration]. PMID- 7246877 TI - [Relation of pharmacotherapy, regulation of life situations and analytically oriented psychotherapy in schizophrenic psychoses under the conditions of an ambulatory psychiatric practice]. PMID- 7246880 TI - [Effect of psychopharmacotherapy on the learning potential and behavior of brain damaged children and adolescents]. PMID- 7246879 TI - [Suicide prevention in psychoses and combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy]. PMID- 7246881 TI - [Effect of thioridazine on sexual responsiveness in the male (phalloplethysmographic study)]. PMID- 7246882 TI - Treatment with psychotropic drugs and age of patients. PMID- 7246884 TI - [Psychopharmacology in gerontopsychiatry]. PMID- 7246883 TI - [Experience with a depot neuroleptic agent in the ambulatory treatment of senile dementia]. PMID- 7246885 TI - Problems of lithium maintenance treatment during pregnancy, delivery and lactation. PMID- 7246886 TI - The autoregressive structure of postural sway. PMID- 7246888 TI - Observation by gravigoniometric test. PMID- 7246887 TI - Significance of velocity power-spectrum analysis in postural reflex and equilibrium dysfunction. PMID- 7246889 TI - [Introduction to clinical posturology]. PMID- 7246891 TI - [Role of ocular muscle proprioception in the maintenance of body equilibrium with particular reference to the cervical reflex]. PMID- 7246890 TI - [Clinical examination of posture]. PMID- 7246892 TI - [Prismatic therapy of vertigo and disequilibrium particularly in patients with cranial and cranio-cervical injuries]. PMID- 7246893 TI - [Effect of auriculotherapy on vertigo and ataxia due to head injury]. PMID- 7246894 TI - [Medico-legal aspects of the post-head-injury syndrome]. PMID- 7246895 TI - [Post-head-injury syndrome and legislation of military disability pensions]. PMID- 7246896 TI - Effect of diphenylhydantoin and propranolol on some centrogenic arrhythmias in rats. PMID- 7246898 TI - [The economy of information in the genetic code]. PMID- 7246897 TI - [Inspiratory thoraco-pulmonary pressure-volume ratio under static conditions in patients on assisted ventilation]. PMID- 7246899 TI - Effect of sublethal gamma irradiation and exercise on succinate oxidase and metabolites of lipid peroxides. I. Rat liver. PMID- 7246900 TI - Effects of sublethal gamma irradiation and exercise on succinate oxidase and metabolites of lipid peroxides. II. Rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 7246901 TI - Voltage-clamp study of prostaglandin F2 alpha. Effect on guinea-pig ureter smooth muscle. PMID- 7246902 TI - Effect of K and Mg aspartates on spleen erythropoiesis in mice. PMID- 7246903 TI - [Neuropsychic prolegomena to the problem of all knowledge]. PMID- 7246904 TI - [Value of sodium gamma hydroxybutyrate in cerebral protection during severe hypoxia in the rat]. PMID- 7246905 TI - Effects of propranolol on cardiac arrhythmias induced by the intracerebroventricular administration of K-strophantin in rats. PMID- 7246906 TI - Effects of oxytocin and vasopressin in some centrogenic cardiac arrhythmias in rats. PMID- 7246907 TI - [Value of leucotrophin as an adjuvant in anti-tumor radiotherapy]. PMID- 7246908 TI - [Prolactin determination as a means of estimating the level of dopaminergic function during coma]. PMID- 7246910 TI - General pathological principles of organism vital functions restoration. PMID- 7246909 TI - [Lactic acidosis associated with metformin treatment. Discussion of the responsibility of the drug]. PMID- 7246911 TI - [One of the roles of the frequency of the utilization of codons in protein biosynthesis]. PMID- 7246912 TI - On some relationships between GABA-ergic and 5-HT-ergic mechanisms in pentylenetetrazol convulsive-seizure reactions. PMID- 7246913 TI - Fructose-1, 6-diphosphate dependence on the toxicity and uptake of potassium ions. PMID- 7246914 TI - [Clinical value of the serum determination of carcinoembryonic antigen]. PMID- 7246915 TI - On the origin of the high negative pressure in the middle ear space. AB - It has generally been assumed that a high negative pressure in the middle ear space results from obstruction of the eustachian tube and the subsequent gas resorption through the middle ear mucosa. There is clinical evidence that quite a different mechanism is operating. The present experimental study verifies, with direct pressure recordings in cases of the retraction type of cholesteatoma and related conditions, that a high negative pressure can be generated by an active evacuation of air through the eustachian tube. The high negative pressure induced may explain the development of tympanic membrane retraction and pocketing, and the subsequent development of cholesteatoma. PMID- 7246916 TI - Effects of prolonged noise exposure in chinchillas with severed middle ear muscles. AB - Using the round window-recorded cochlear microphonic as the index of acoustic reflex activity, we noted a decay in the strength of middle ear muscle contraction in the chinchilla following an eight hour exposure to octave band noise (500 Hz. center frequency, 95 dB. sound pressure level). On the basis of this observation it was concluded that the prolonged exposure reduced the effectiveness of the acoustic reflex in protecting the cochlea. This reduction, however, may have been underestimated if the exposure was also sufficient to reduce cochlear output. The present investigation examined this possibility by comparing the effects of a similar exposure in chinchillas with intact (normal) and severed middle ear muscles. Following exposure, the cochlear microphonic magnitude increased slightly in the normal group. Decreases in the cochlear microphonic were observed in the animals with severed muscles even when the overall exposure level was reduced to simulate the effects of middle ear muscle contraction. These findings indicate that although the muscles did afford some degree of protection to the cochlea during the exposure, the protective effects of the acoustic reflex may have been reduced even beyond our original observations. PMID- 7246917 TI - Frequency specificity of the auditory brain stem response. AB - Brain stem responses were obtained from eight young adult listeners with normal hearing. These potentials were evoked using three stimuli: a click, a 500 Hz, tone pip with a 2.5 ms. rise time, and a 500 Hz. tone pip with a 5.0 ms. rise time. Each stimulus was presented in quiet and in the presence of three high pass noises and one low pass noise. No significant difference in the latency-intensity function was obtained for the click between the quiet and the low pass noise conditions. There was, however, a significant prolongation of the latency in the presence of high pass noise. The latency of the brain stem response to the 500 Hz. tone pip was essentially unaffected by the high pass noise except for the 1200 Hz. high pass noise condition. These data indicated that for the tone pips a more basal region of the basilar membrane would be involved at high intensity stimulus levels. This involvement of basal regions, however, would not extend beyond the region responsive to a 2400 Hz. stimulus. The threshold for the click was significantly elevated in the high pass noise conditions but not in the low pass noise condition. The threshold of the 500 Hz. tone pip was significantly higher than that of the click in quiet and in the presence of noise. PMID- 7246918 TI - Magnetic sound recording in laryngology. AB - A laryngologist's documentation of patients' vocal behavior usually suffers from inadequacy of verbal description of the acoustic signals contained in voice speech. Because various phonosurgeries are by now well established, adequate documentation of the patient's vocal production must be obtained. Magnetic sound recording offers the best means for such documentation. PMID- 7246919 TI - Acinic cell carcinoma of minor salivary gland origin. AB - A rare case of acinic cell carcinoma of minor salivary gland origin is reported and the literature regarding this type of tumor is reviewed. These tumors arise from either an intercalated duct stem cell or the reserve cell of the salivary gland terminal tubule but not from both simultaneously. Rarely these neoplasms arise from more mature acinar cells. It is clear that these tumors behave ominously. The 25 year determinate survival rate is 50 per cent, with a 20 per cent incidence of metastasis. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Radiotherapy, especially neutron therapy, has a place in the treatment of this tumor. The role of chemotherapy is not known at this time. PMID- 7246920 TI - Parotid venous ectasia. AB - An unusual recurring mass presented in the parotid region in a young woman. The presentation of the mass was unusual in that it varied with the positioning of the patient's head and with exertional and emotional activity. Prior surgical attempts at cure were unsuccessful. Biplanar subtraction radiographic techniques were used to pinpoint the anatomical problems. This lesion is a vascular anomaly, which requires specific attention to its morphology in order to effect a permanent cure. This case of parotid venous ectasia with its unusual symptom complex was successfully treated, and more than four years have passed without recurrence. PMID- 7246921 TI - Cervical skin flaps in head and neck reconstruction. AB - Cervical flaps utilized in head and neck reconstruction have undergone innumerable modifications since their original description more than 100 years ago. They remain as a positive addition to options available to the head and neck surgeon with respect to the reconstruction of facial and cervical cutaneous defects and also to closure of pharyngocutaneous and orocutaneous fistulas. However, their use in esophageal reconstruction has become limited and has been largely replaced by other techniques as a result of the popularity of combined therapy programs utilizing radiation therapy, which decreases the viability of cervical tissue used in such reconstruction. PMID- 7246922 TI - Priapism: an unusual complication of heparin therapy for sudden deafness. AB - Two cases of priapism occurring during heparin therapy for sudden hearing loss are reported. The association of anticoagulants and priapism is increasingly recognized. Literature studying possible mechanisms of the role of heparin in priapism is reviewed. PMID- 7246923 TI - Electroencephalic audiometry: equality of expectations. PMID- 7246925 TI - [Quantitative morphological criteria of uterine myoma development]. PMID- 7246924 TI - [Pathogenesis of uterine myoma development]. PMID- 7246926 TI - [Hemodynamic characteristics of the lesser pelvis organs in uterine myoma in the preclimacteric and climacteric periods]. PMID- 7246928 TI - [Effect of uterine myomas on autonomic endocrine regulation of the breasts]. PMID- 7246927 TI - [Importance of changes in the electrolyte content and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme spectrum in the cervical mucus of women suffering from colpitis and uterine myoma]. PMID- 7246929 TI - [Management principles in endometrial adenomatosis]. PMID- 7246930 TI - [Effect of progesterone and norethisterone on the DNA content in organ cultures of hyperplastically altered endometrium]. PMID- 7246931 TI - [Restoration of reproductive function in external endometriosis patients after surgical and combined treatment]. PMID- 7246933 TI - [State of the hemostatic system in genital endometriosis patients taking large doses of gestagens]. PMID- 7246932 TI - [Clinico-functional rehabilitation of endometriosis patients]. PMID- 7246934 TI - [Vibromassage in the prevention of inflammatory adnexal diseases after uterine myoma surgery]. PMID- 7246935 TI - [Treatment results in benign uterine tumors]. PMID- 7246936 TI - [Immunological status indices in ovarian epithelial tumors]. PMID- 7246937 TI - [Leukocyte enzyme activity in the normal menstrual cycle]. PMID- 7246938 TI - [Cytological method in the diagnosis of endosalpingitis]. PMID- 7246940 TI - [Cytohormonal studies of cervical cancer in the menopause]. PMID- 7246939 TI - [Electroroentgenography in the diagnosis of uterine adnexal tumors]. PMID- 7246941 TI - [Method of determining the age of onset of the menarche]. PMID- 7246942 TI - [Experimental basis for using a helium-neon laser for treating true cervical erosion]. PMID- 7246943 TI - [Pathogenetic, diagnostic and treatment problems in Mycoplasma infections in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 7246945 TI - Basal cell carcinoma. Surgical pathology's perspective. PMID- 7246946 TI - Comments on "cerebral evoked potentials: their clinical applications". PMID- 7246944 TI - [Ovarian hormonal activity and aldosterone content of the blood in uterine myoma]. PMID- 7246947 TI - Predicting response of chronic pain patients in a rehabilitative treatment program. PMID- 7246949 TI - The curse of the smith gods: industrial pollution as a cause of diseases of the nervous system. PMID- 7246951 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of skin cancer. Early diagnosis and cure. PMID- 7246950 TI - Shunt-associated bacterial infections in hydrocephalic children. PMID- 7246948 TI - Shorter tuberculosis treatment regimens for patients in Alabama. PMID- 7246952 TI - The prevention of skin cancer. PMID- 7246954 TI - Microscopically controlled surgery: Mohs' chemosurgery for recurrent and aggressive skin cancer. PMID- 7246953 TI - Clinicopathological correlation of common skin lesions on sun-damaged skin. PMID- 7246956 TI - Medical Grand Rounds: Valve replacement in aortic valve disease. PMID- 7246955 TI - The management of malignant and premalignant lesions of the skin. PMID- 7246957 TI - Isolated gallbladder rupture secondary to blunt trauma. PMID- 7246958 TI - Management of abdominal trauma in the emergency room: a review. PMID- 7246959 TI - Emergency room brief. PMID- 7246960 TI - Geriatric psychiatry: mental symptoms in old people. PMID- 7246962 TI - Minorities in medicine--challenge for our times. PMID- 7246961 TI - Current issues in in vitro fertilization. PMID- 7246963 TI - The impaired physician: medical school and physician approaches. PMID- 7246964 TI - Gynecological malignancy. PMID- 7246965 TI - Experience from the 1980 midnight sun marathon: injuries & training. PMID- 7246966 TI - Giardiasis in Alaska 1969-1979: a descriptive epidemiological study. PMID- 7246967 TI - Non-hodgkin's malignant lymphomas. Brief historical review and simple unifying classification. AB - A brief historical review and a unifying classification of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are presented. The principles underlying this classification are that 1) neoplastic cells are named after normal cells they resemble most; 2) the germinal center is a reaction center where small lymphocytes undergo blastic transformation as well as the birthplace of small lymphocytes; and 3) lymphoid cells can be subdivided by size and cytologic characteristics into small, intermediate, and large types. This classification can be expanded by additional qualifying terms. Whether such expansions are justified in terms of reproducibility and clinical significance remains to be proven. PMID- 7246968 TI - What is negligence. PMID- 7246969 TI - Cornoid lamellation. A histologic reaction pattern. AB - Cornoid lamellation is a constant histologic marker of porokeratosis in its many variants. This histologic appearance, heretofore thought to be pathognomonic of and restricted to porokeratosis alone, has also been found by us in a variety of other conditions. Cornoid lamellation is, therefore, analogous to the histologic findings of focal acantholytic dyskeratosis, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, and follicular mucinosis as a distinctive histologic reaction pattern that reflects disordered progression of epidermal cells to cornification. PMID- 7246970 TI - Pemphigus. Facts, unanswered questions, and speculations. PMID- 7246971 TI - Nongranulomatous septic vasculitis due to miliary tuberculosis. A pitfall in diagnosis for the pathologist. AB - A 38-year-old patient with chronic alcoholism was on chemotherapy for acute myelomonocytic leukemia and developed purpuric and erythematous papules. Skin biopsy showed a vasculitis. Subsequent autopsy revealed disseminated tuberculosis with a poor cellular response. This case calls attention to the lack of tuberculoid granulomatous reaction is anergic patients and to the need of pathologists to suspect tuberculosis when necrotizing vasculitis in the skin is encountered in a patient with decreased immunological competence. PMID- 7246972 TI - Malignancy in controlled regression. A new aspect of pathology. PMID- 7246973 TI - Molecular dissection of the dermal-epidermal junction. PMID- 7246974 TI - Actinic granuloma. PMID- 7246975 TI - The Keraton. PMID- 7246976 TI - Lymphomatoid papulosis. PMID- 7246978 TI - You say it, but do you mean it? PMID- 7246977 TI - Merkel cell neoplasms. Histology, electron microscopy, biology, and histogenesis. PMID- 7246979 TI - Ultrastructures. PMID- 7246980 TI - An example of Murphy's law. "If anything can go wrong, it will". PMID- 7246981 TI - Subtle clues to diagnosis of skin diseases by electron microscopy. "Farber bodies" in disseminated lipogranulomatosis (Farber's disease). PMID- 7246982 TI - Follicular lymphomatoid papulosis. AB - In two patients who episodically developed eruptions of papules and nodules for many years, the lesions developed at the sites of hair follicles or around ruptured follicular cysts. They were pseudomalignant lymphomas in histologic appearance and benign in biologic behavior. From its limitation largely to follicular adnexa, the condition appears to be a distinct type of lymphomatoid papulosis. PMID- 7246984 TI - Photomicrographs. PMID- 7246983 TI - Tale of the psorosperm. PMID- 7246985 TI - The effect of suxamethonium on intraocular pressure. AB - A method is described of measuring the elevation of the intraocular pressure (IOP) caused by suxamethonium in patients in whom other factors which may cause a change in IOP are kept constant. Use of this method confirms that suxamethonium 1 mg/kg causes a statistically significant rise in IOP which lasts for 10 minutes. A rise in IOP which is not significantly different from this is caused by suxamethonium 2.5 mg/kg, suxamethonium 1 mg/kg immediately preceded by thiopentone 3 mg/kg and by suxamethonium 1 mg/kg, 3 minutes after tubocurarine 0.1 mg/kg. PMID- 7246986 TI - Myocardial depression by ketamine. Haemodynamic and metabolic observations in animals. AB - This study investigated the effect of ketamine on myocardial function. In dogs the drug was infused directly into the left main coronary artery. The concentration chosen was similar to the peak concentration found following a bolus intravenous injection. A mild depression of inotropic state was found which recovered completely after stopping the infusion. Myocardial depression was confirmed in a guinea pig Langendorff preparation. No changes in high energy phosphates were found in these hearts after 45-60 minutes of perfusion with ketamine in the perfusion medium. This study confirms that myocardial depression occurs with ketamine but suggests that it is unlikely to be of clinical significance. Depletion of high energy phosphates did not seem to be the cause of the depression. PMID- 7246987 TI - The placental transfer of cimetidine. AB - The placental transfer of cimetidine 200 mg intravenously was investigated in 16 patients in normal labour and 40 patients undergoing elective Caesarean section. Cimetidine crosses the placental barrier, blood levels at delivery in mothers and infants being lower with increasing time from injection. Umbilical cord blood cimetidine levels are markedly lower than those of the mother during the first hour following administration but thereafter levels are similar. The mean fetal maternal ratio at delivery was highest (0.84) at 1 1/2-2 hours following administration. Postdelivery infant and maternal blood samples showed that cimetidine could not be detected, in most cases, 19 hours following administration. The relevance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7246990 TI - A hazard of Swan-Ganz catheterisation. PMID- 7246989 TI - Acceptability of continuous nasal nitrous oxide during labour--a field trial in six maternity hospitals. AB - In six maternity hospital 516 mothers during labour received 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen (Entonox) continuously at 5 litres/minute through a single-end nasal catheter and intermittently by a mouthpiece for a mean duration of 3 hours 30 minutes (513 mothers). A comparison was made with a control group of 575 mothers who had intermittent inhalation of Entonox only for a mean duration of 3 hours 6 minutes (574 mothers). The midwives had no difficulty learning to manage the administration of nasal Entonox. Eighty-six per cent of mothers agreed to use the nasal method and 70% continued for the duration of their labour. The midwives reported that pain relief was improved, and 51 (92%) would wish to continue offering the technique. PMID- 7246988 TI - Rectal premedication in children. Use of diazepam, morphine and hyoscine. AB - Rectal premedication with diazepam, morphine and hyoscine has been used in 20 healthy children undergoing minor surgery. Satisfactory sedation was achieved in the majority of children and the anticholinergic effects were also adequate. Peak plasma levels of diazepam and morphine were reached within 30 minutes, and the plasma levels decreased after 2 hours. No adverse effects on ventilation were seen during anaesthesia. PMID- 7246992 TI - Experiences with fibre-optic bronchoscopic positioning of single-lumen endobronchial tubes. PMID- 7246993 TI - Total intravenous anaesthesia for general surgery. PMID- 7246991 TI - Haemodilution in an eight-month-old infant. AB - Transient haemodilution was carried out in an 8-month-old infant whose parents were Jehovah's Witnesses during an abdominoperineal pull-through procedure. Adult ACD blood packs were altered to suit the needs of the child. With judicious fluid management, the child was extubated and did well postoperatively. PMID- 7246994 TI - Premedication in day care surgery. PMID- 7246995 TI - An ophthalmological occupational hazard. PMID- 7246996 TI - A possible operating table hazard. PMID- 7246997 TI - Anaesthetic and postural management of patients undergoing excision of intervertebral discs and laminectomy. PMID- 7246998 TI - [Postoperative responsiveness following halothane- or enflurane-anaesthesia for short operative procedures (author's transl)]. AB - A comparative study was carried out on 139 patients, divided into eight groups. Either halothane or enflurane were given as inhalational agent, and for induction either Trapanal or Brevimytal were given. Some groups received a standard premedication, other not. The post-operative level of consciousness, responsiveness and motor performance were assessed, and venous halothane/enflurane levels measured. No marked differences were found in the level of consciousness, responsiveness, or motor performance, between the halothane and enflurane groups. The respective plasma levels of halothane and enflurane were practically identical at corresponding time intervals of measurement. In those groups which were not premedicated, no difference could be found following induction with either Trapanal or Brevimytal. In the premedicated groups those patients who had been given Brevimytal woke earlier, and showed a greater degree of responsiveness. PMID- 7246999 TI - [Fat embolism as a complication in shock. Clinical and therapeutic aspects (author's transl)]. AB - In 36 patients the changes of the haemostasis in relation to hypovolaemic shock period were studied after polytrauma and or surgical operations. It was shown that a correlation between the hypovolaemic shock period and the degree of haemostatic disorder exists. The significance of this interaction for the manifestation of the fat embolism syndrome was demonstrated in two casuistics. It is concluded that the haemostatic disorder in shock enhances the development of the fat embolism syndrome. As a therapeutic consequence adequate volume substitution beside specific anticoagulation seems to be of utmost importance in the posttraumatic treatment. PMID- 7247000 TI - [Comparative clinical investigations on the cardiovascular effects of piritramide (dipidolor) and fentanyl (author's transl)]. AB - In 36 patients with acquired heart disease effects of 0.15 mg/kg piritramide on hemodynamics, inotropic state and myocardial oxygen consumption were investigated during and after cardiac surgery (basic neuroleptanalgesia). It could be demonstrated, that piritramide is not inducing any negative inotropic effects compared to a control group (n = 36) and a fentanyl group (0.003 mg/kg, n = 31). There were only small changes in HR, SV, PRA and PLA. A slight decrease in Part, PLV, and arterial perfusion pressure during extracorporeal circulation is interpreted as a peripheral vasodilatation. The resulting decrease in heart work caused a significant decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption (-18%), which is of special advantage in patients with coronary heart disease. PMID- 7247001 TI - [Therapy of toxin absorption in skin burns. Synthetic skin replacement or tannic acid (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of toxic factors from burned skin on pathogenesis of burn disease has been demonstrated in recent years. For preparation for skin transplantation synthetic material is used. The present study was undertaken to investigate if such material could inhibit the resorption of toxic factors. Specific mitochondrial alterations, which are reproducibly found 5 days after skin burn or application of burn toxin, served as parameter. Rats, which were treated shortly after burn or later with tannic acid were used as controls. Glucose and urea were measured in serum to check the synthetic function. Therapy with Epigard resulted in a better general condition and normal values of glucose and urea, but no reduction of specific mitochondrial alterations. Treatment with tannic acid caused no improvement in general condition, glucose and urea levels were not significantly altered. Only the early application resulted in a reduction of mitochondrial alterations. An otherwise indicated therapy with a synthetic skin material is not suitable for inhibition of the resorption of toxic factors from burnt skin. PMID- 7247002 TI - [Jet ventilation in laryngoscopy and microlaryngeal surgery under general anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report on a technique which provides an unimpeded access to the operating field during laryngoscopy and laser microsurgery of the larynx. Under barbiturate-induced neuroleptanaesthesia and relaxation with alcuronium 18 patients were jet-ventilated with nitrous oxide and oxygen. The gas mixture was delivered via an automatic injection ventilator (Injection-Timer, Storz) connected to a short endotracheal tube (Injectoflex, Rusch - a modified Carden tube). Arterial blood sampling was carried out during the whole procedure. In all patients the recommended technique provided adequate alveolar ventilation with minimal metabolic disturbances; the partial pressures of oxygen exceeded the standard values in all cases. Moderate circulatory alterations were observed. Clinical experience with the anaesthetic technique is presented and the advantages of the modified tube compared with the original Carden tube and former devices for jet ventilation during laryngoscopy are described. PMID- 7247003 TI - [The influence of electro-stimulation anaesthesia on the intraocular pressure (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of electrostimulation anaesthesia was studied in 23 patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured 30 minutes after premedication (I), immediately after intubation (II), after the start of stimulation and relaxation (III) and after the establishment of full relaxation and achievement of full stimulation (IV). After intubation IOP increased from 16.4 +/- 3.3 mm Hg to 19.4 +/- 5.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.05), but decreased at reading IV statistically significantly compared with reading I to 12.7 +/- 2.8 mm Hg. To investigate the effect of electrostimulation alone on IOP, we performed tonometry on 10 control persons, in whom we observed a rise in IOP which can be attributed to current induced contractions of the extraocular muscles. The results demonstrate that there is a direct relation between electrostimulation and extraocular muscles, and we find it essential to relax the patients sufficiently to avoid hazards of IOP elevation. PMID- 7247004 TI - [Subcutaneous abscess following long time continuous epidural anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - Inflammation around the puncture canal following continuous epidural anaesthesia of short duration are observed extremely rarely. To avoid the risk of infection the catheter is kept in the epidural space for not more than 24 to 48 h in the majority of cases. We had to keep an epidural catheter in place for 20 days in a 39 year old patient in the final stage of an operated and irradiated cervical carcinoma. After this time, a subcutaneous abscess of cherry size had developed. Indications and contraindications are discussed on the basis of this case report. PMID- 7247005 TI - [Gas-diffusion induced pressure kinetics in low pressure cuffs. Continuous pressure measurement in vivo and in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - The main cause for the rise in cuff-pressure during anesthesia is the diffusion of nitrous oxide into the tube cuff. Gas-diffusion induced pressure changes in low pressure-high volume cuffs are registered continuously. Exposure of an air filled cuff into an anaesthetic gas atmosphere in vitro shows, that there is an increase in cuff-pressure up to 150 mm Hg within 8 hours. This pressure-plateau remains for several hours. In intubated patients cuff-pressure increases even more. During anesthesia lasting 4--5 hours we recorded pressures up to 150 mm Hg, too. To prevent these high pressures we recommend the reducing of cuff-volume within defined times of anesthesia or, alternatively, the use of the anesthetic gas mixture as cuff inflating gas. PMID- 7247006 TI - [Comment on the paper of Pichlmayr and Lips, "EEG-effects of premedication with Thalamonal. Clinical study of 16 patients"]. PMID- 7247007 TI - [Responsibility of the surgeon and the anesthetist]. PMID- 7247008 TI - [Comparative study on haemodynamics and energy metabolism in shock (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247009 TI - [Circulatory pattern under electro-stimulation-analgesia and neurolept anaesthesia in the same patient. A comparative study during retinal and vitreous body operations (author's transl)]. AB - The present paper reports a comparative study on circulatory conditions of patients who underwent both electro-stimulation- and neurolept anaesthesia. Investigations were carried out in 20 patients who had operations on the retina or vitreous body, either under neurolept or electro-stimulation anaesthesia, and who had to undergo a second of those, so that both types of anaesthesia were administered in each patient. 50% of the patients were showing polymorbidity which is often observed in elderly persons; 5 of the cases were patients suffering from hypertonia which had previously been treated unsatisfactory. As measure for judging the circulatory conditions under either anaesthetic method, the plain measurable values of systolic and diastolic pressure and heart rate were registered. A statistical evaluation of the anaesthetic records was carried out with special consideration of circulatory stability and each method of anaesthesia in the individual group of patients. Concerning circulatory changes, significant variations on 1%- level were found. PMID- 7247010 TI - [Met-Hb formation and local anesthesia using bupivacaine, carticaine and etidocaine (author's transl)]. AB - Hemoglobin-(= Met-Hb)formation by local anaesthesia and local anaesthetics is still a point for discussion. Until now met-hb-aemia only was proven to develop under local anaesthetics with relationship to aniline (Benzocaine, Citanest). Since aniline does not possess any oxidative properties, met-hb-formation only can occur after metabolism (phenylhydroxylamine or para-aminophenol), first of all amino- and nitro-groups [6, 14] will be made responsible for oxidation. Because of the fact that neither the relationship to aniline nor the benzol structure is the pre-supposition for met-hb-formation, possibly other substances with amino- or nitro-groups may induce it. In consequence of incidental cyanosis under intra and extradural analgesia we studied the met-hb-behaviour after the use of different local anaesthetics. The aniline-related bupivacaine and etidocaine were opposed to the thiophene-related carticaine. In this examination we found neither an elevation of hemoglobin by the aniline-related nor by the thiophene-related substances. PMID- 7247012 TI - [Ketamine-induced psychopathological changes in normal volunteers during conditions used for experimental psychoses (author's transl)]. AB - The psychotomimetic properties of ketamine were studied in 9 physically and psychically normal medical students and nurses during 20 single-blind experiments. During the experiments any disturbance to the subject was avoided. A dose of 0.25 mg/kg produced psychical changes in every case, and 1 mg/kg caused an experimental psychosis every time. The latter starts in an "ideal" case with an expressive disturbance of consciousness down to the level of surgical anesthesia. 5-7 minutes after the start of the experiments the scalar change of consciousness lessens enabling the qualitative changes to become obvious. Strong short-time memory disturbance however prevents the subjects from describing coherently the large number of hallucinations and illusions which are frequently experienced. For several moments at the end of the experiment a strong disturbance of body-feeling combined with ataxia may still be present when consciousness is almost normal. - According to the observed psychopathological changes ketamine may be classified as a not LSD-typical hallucinogen. - It should be possible to lower the frequency of adverse reactions to ketaminemonanesthesia by preparing the patients for the strange experiences possible during emergence. PMID- 7247011 TI - [Serum potassium rise following depolarizing muscle relaxants in immobilized patients (author's transl)]. AB - We investigated the time-course of serum potassium levels after depolarizing muscle relaxants in immobilized patients of our critical care unit. It could be demonstrated that the duration and the degree of immobilisation determines the increase of serum potassium after application of succinylcholine or Imbretil (hexacarbacholine). In burned patients or patients with cord-lesions an earlier increase of serum potassium could be seen than in other immobilized patients. The potassium time-course shows a difference between short acting and long acting muscle relaxants. A block of repolarisation and its possibility of generating is discussed. PMID- 7247013 TI - [On the treatment of malignant hyperthermia. A simple method of preparing a dantrolene sodium solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247014 TI - [Use of ultrasonic-aerosol for surface analgesia of the respiratory tract. First experiences with a new technique of endotracheal intubation under local anesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - On 10 patients and 5 probands we used topical ultrasonic aerosol inhalation anaesthesia for endotracheal intubation during spontaneously breathing and local anaesthesia. 6 ml lignocaine 10% was inhaled for 4 minutes. There were no complications during or after inhalation. We injected a hypnotic just before intubation in most cases. PMID- 7247015 TI - [Experience with long-term peridural catheters-peridural morphine analgesia in cancer pain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247016 TI - [A new "immobile needle" for brachial plexus block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247017 TI - [A new nerve-stimulator "Neurostim LA" (author's transl)]. AB - We have had the opportunity of assess a new nerve stimulator, the Neurostim LA. Its main advantage lies in the fact that no assistant to the anaesthesiologist is necessary, as the anaesthesiologist performing the nerve block can himself adjust the stimulus intensity. The instrument is simple to operate, well constructed and also has the advantage of a 500 h energy source. PMID- 7247018 TI - [The obturatorius reflex and its elimination by nerve block]. PMID- 7247019 TI - Measurements of the degradation products of radioiodinated proteins. PMID- 7247020 TI - Colorimetric determination of arginine residues in proteins by p nitrophenylglyoxal. PMID- 7247021 TI - Quantitative analysis of electrophoretograms: a mathematical approach to super resolution. PMID- 7247022 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of porphyrin esters. Identification of mixed esters generated in sample preparation. PMID- 7247024 TI - Deviations from Michaelis-Menten kinetics in continuous flow assays consideration of unireactant cases. PMID- 7247023 TI - Analytical prenyl pigment separation from a total green-plant lipid extract. PMID- 7247025 TI - The application of flow microcalorimetry to the study of enzyme kinetics. PMID- 7247026 TI - Sensitive and fast simultaneous photometric determination of oxygen consumption and NAD(P)H formation or disappearance using a continuous flow cuvette. PMID- 7247027 TI - Effect of a dispersion of cholesterol in Triton WR-1339 on acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 7247028 TI - Isoelectric focusing analysis of soluble immune complexes bound to protein A Sepharose. PMID- 7247029 TI - Fluorometric identification and microdetermination of proteins labeled with 4-(3' phenyl-2'-pyrazolin-1'-yl)benzenesulfonyl chloride in polyacrylamide gel matrices. PMID- 7247031 TI - A new method for determining the dissociation constant between macromolecules by gel permeation. PMID- 7247030 TI - Analysis of biological thiols: quantitative determination of thiols at the picomole level based upon derivatization with monobromobimanes and separation by cation-exchange chromatography. PMID- 7247032 TI - A rapid partition assay for routine analysis of juvenile hormone release by insect corpora allata. PMID- 7247033 TI - The separation of the isomeric phenols of benzo(a)pyrene by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7247034 TI - The nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis in the rat. Conformation and cytology. AB - The nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGCL) is located in the ventral portion of the rostral medulla. Serial sections of the rat brainstem were examined in the three cardinal planes and the boundaries of the PGCL were determined. In order to visualize the shape and extent of the nucleus, a three dimensional reconstruction of the PGCL was made from a series of coronal sections. Measurements of neuronal areas, lengths, and widths indicate that a number of neuronal types are present. Small neurons measure less than 150 micron2 and large neurons greater than 250 micron2. Some neuronal types are distributed preferentially throughout the PGCL, and on this basis the nucleus may be divided into caudal and rostral subgroups. Most large neurons (greater than 250 micron2) are found in the caudal portion. Certain neurons contain intranuclear rods, and these neurons are often disposed in small groups, especially common the caudal PGCL. Two morphologically distinct neuronal types incorporate 3H-serotonin when this marker is infused into the ventricular system; the other neurons not marked by this method probably contain other, different transmitters. On the basis of neuronal measurements and staining qualities, it is ascertained that the PGCL is a parvocellular reticular nucleus characterized by many neuronal types. PMID- 7247035 TI - The nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis in the rat. Demonstration of afferents by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - Injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were placed in the middle or caudal portion of the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGCL) and 24 h later the entire spinal cord and brain were processed and examined for labeled neurons. Spinal afferents arise from all levels of the cord. Rexed's lamination scheme was adapted to the spinal cord of the rat and labelled neurons were localized to laminae IV, V, VII, VIII and X mainly on the side contralateral to the injection. At cervical levels, labeled neurons were consistently found bilaterally. The medial reticular nuclei of the medulla and pons contained HRP-labelled perikarya, which were concentrated most heavily in the nuclei reticularis medullae oblongatae ventralis, gigantocellularis, and pontis caudalis predominantly ipsilateral to the injection. The medial vestibular nucleus was consistently labeled. HRP-labeled perikarya were found bilaterally within the commissural portion and in the medial part of the nucleus of the solitary tract on the side of the injection. The rostral portion of the PGCL receives afferents from some secondary auditory nuclei: the ipsilateral inferior colliculus and the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus bilaterally. Thus, the rostral PGCL may be involved in auditory feedback loops. The caudal raphe nuclei are a major source of afferents to the caudal PGCL. The lateral hypothalamic area, paraventricular nucleus, and zona incerta also contain labeled neurons when injections are centered in the caudal portion of the nucleus. PMID- 7247036 TI - The ventricular surface of the monkey mediobasal hypothalamus. A scanning electron microscopic study. AB - The ventricular lining of the infundibular recess of monkey brains of both sexes was investigated with SEM. Based on the distribution patterns of surface profiles regional differences in the tanycytic ependyma are described. Variations in the number of surface profiles were observed in females during the ovarian cycle. These variations may be an indication not only of absorptive and/or secretory activities, but may also be related to cell membrane redistribution and membrane turnover in dependence of endocrine factors. In the males such variations were not registered. An essental sexual dimorphism does not seem to exist in the tanycytic ependyma of the monkey, only the reaction pattern is different. Supraependymal macrophages (SEC) were more numerous in the ovulating females than in the males or menstruating females. In addition to these SEC some monkeys had a second SEC type which was arranged in sheets. These are interpreted to be glioses. A variable number of axons can also be found in the lower regions of the infundibular recess. Their morphology suggests the presence of several types of axons, but they do not appear to constitute an organized network. No significant sexual differences were registered in relation to the axons. PMID- 7247037 TI - The diaphragm of the rat and its innervation. Muscle fiber composition; perikarya and axons of efferent and afferent neurons. PMID- 7247038 TI - Growth of fresh volumes and spontaneous cell death in the nuclei habenulae of albino rats during ontogenesis. AB - The growth of the nuclei habenulae medialis et lateralis of albino rats is described by monotonically increasing growth curves of fresh volumes during ontogenesis. The nucleus habenulae medialis matures earlier than the nucleus habenulae lateralis in the perinatal period. However, the two nuclei reach their final volume at about the same time. Simultaneous electron microscopic investigation reveals the phenomenon of spontaneous nerve cell degeneration within the nuclei habenulae during ontogenesis in spite of the non-overshooting growth curves for the habenular nuclei. PMID- 7247039 TI - Transitory subependymal cysts in the developing rat rhombencephalon. AB - A bilaterally symmetrical cystic cavity is situated in the subependymal neuropil of the rostral rhombencephalon of the rat during the perinatal period of ontogeny. These cysts are formed by the confluence of enlarged extracellular spaces in this region between E18 and E20. The cysts are present for about 2 weeks but disappear on about P15 without trace. They have a maximal volume of about 0.004 to 0.006 mm3 on P2, with a rostrocaudal extension of about 200 microm. Their shape is characterized by a medial convexity and a lateral concavity, and they have their maximal circumference at about the middle of the rostrocaudal axis. The caudal portion is juxtaposed to the subependyma, while the rostral part lies in the neuropil of the presumptive griseum centrale pontis. In the lumen and the wall of the cysts are found numerous macrophages, glioblasts and some degenerating axons and dendrites. The significance of these cysts in the context of morphogenesis and the origin of the numerous macrophages within them are both unresolved. PMID- 7247041 TI - A Golgi study on the neuronal organization of the interhemispheric cortex in the mouse. I. Projection neurons. AB - Projection neurons in the interhemispheric cortex (IHC) of the mouse were studied by the rapid Golgi method. Five layers were discerned in the IHC. Projection neurons in layer I had stellate or piriform cell bodies with dendrites which were distributed in layers I and II. The cell bodies of projection neurons in layer II were fusiform, piriform, triangular or stellate in shape. Fine axons of these neurons sent collaterals mainly to layer IV. Projection neurons in layer III were medium-sized pyramidal, and small spindle cells. Basal dendrites of the former neurons were distributed mainly in layer III, while those of the latter neurons extended into layer IV. Projection neurons in layer IV were largely pyramidal, medium-sized pyramidal, medium-sized fusiform, and small cells. In the large pyramidal cells, the basal dendrites were distributed mainly in layer IV, and the apical dendrites extended into layer I. The axons of these neurons sent collaterals to all cortical layers. In layer V, spindle and small stellate projection neurons were observed. All apical dendrites of projection neurons in layers I-III extended into layer I, whereas some apical dendrites of projection neurons in layers IV and V did not reach layer I. PMID- 7247040 TI - Regional differences in the distribution of lipofuscin in Purkinje cell perikarya. A quantitative pigmentarchitectonic study of the cerebellar cortex of senile albino rats. PMID- 7247042 TI - A Golgi study on the neuronal organization of the interhemispheric cortex in the mouse. AB - The intrinsic neurons in the interhemispheric cortex (IHC) were studied by the rapid Golgi method in the young mouse. In each of the five layers of the IHC, a wide variety of intrinsic neurons were observed. They were classified into several groups according mainly to the patterns of axonal and dendritic distribution. The Cajal-Retzius cells were most frequently seen in layer I. The dendrites and axons of these neurons ran irregularly in the plane parallel to the pial surface of the IHC. Many neurons in layers II-V were observed to send their axons to layer I. Some of these neurons took the form of the inverted pyramidal neurons. The axons of some neurons in layers II, III and IV formed dense axonal plexuses usually in layer III and rarely in layer II. The dendrites of many neurons in layers IV and V extended into the cingulum. The stellate neurons embedded in the cingulum might be the dislocated neurons of layer V. PMID- 7247043 TI - A possible relationship between prolactin and spermatogenesis in humans. AB - In order to investigate the effect of prolactin on spermatogenesis, we studied 205 consecutive male patients in whom 121 were normozoospermic (counts greater than 20 x 10(6)/ml), 62 were oligozoospermic (counts less than 20 x 10(6)/ml), and 22 were azoospermic. We compared prolactin with semen analysis. There was an increased incidence of high prolactin levels in the oligozoospermic and azoospermic group of patients. We noted an increase in the number of morphologically normal spermatozoa within the hyperprolactinaemic groups of patients. This may suggest that prolactin plays a regulatory role in spermatogenesis. PMID- 7247044 TI - Seminal plasma biochemistry. I. Preliminary report: a possible mechanism for the liquefaction of human seminal plasma and its relationship to spermatozoal motility. AB - Based on indirect evidence it has been suggested that the liquefaction of human seminal plasma involves fibrinolytic and proteolytic enzymes and that the coagulum is formed by proteins. In this preliminary investigation evidence is presented for the involvement of seminal plasma sialyltransferase in liquefaction which suggests that the coagulum may be composed of glycoproteins. It is proposed that the glycoproteins form a polymer by the chelation of divalent metal ions via the carboxylic acid moieties of the sialic acid groups of the glycoproteins. The glycoprotein polymer may then be dismantled by the reduction of the meal ions by the oxidation of L-ascorbic acid, possibly allowing enzymes to complete the liquefaction process. A total of 100 semen samples from 30 male subjects whose semen profiles were considered "normal" by an independent assessor, were examined for the following: (i) liquefaction time of the seminal plasma; (ii) seminal plasma sialyltransferase activity; (iii) spermatozoal motility, defined as directional or nondirectional; (iv) spermatozoal count, and (v) seminal plasma content of free L-ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid and glutathione. Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between sialyltransferase activity and the liquefaction time for seminal plasma. Similarly, multilinear regression analysis of the data showed that as the seminal plasma levels of L ascorbic acid, total dehydroascorbic acid and glutathione increase, there is a decrease in spermatozoal motility and a decrease in the liquefaction time of the seminal plasma. The possible metabolic relationship of seminal plasma L-ascorbic acid and glutathione is discussed and a metabolic pathway is suggested. PMID- 7247045 TI - Correlation of sodium and potassium in human seminal plasma with fertilizing capacity of normal, and infertile subjects. AB - An optimum level for sodium and potassium in seminal plasma for normal sperm motility is observed. A change in the level of any of the two electrolytes leads to disturbance in the motility of sperm and thus into the viability of it. PMID- 7247046 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of mechanically isolated seminiferous tubules of the rat testis. AB - The mechanically isolated seminiferous tubules of the rat testis were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The surface of the tubules is formed by lymphoid endothelial cells. These cells completely surround the seminiferous tubules and form the inner lining of the lymphatic space that lies around the seminiferous tubulus. Between the cells there are groves which correspond to the fenestrations seen in transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 7247048 TI - A new separation method of subcellular fractions of boar spermatozoa. AB - A new procedure for the isolation of acrosomal membranes of boar spermatozoa by centrifugation in modified colloidal silica gradients is described. The carbohydrate composition of the membrane fractions is reported. The acrosomal membrane fraction (Mf 1) contains about 10% carbohydrates which are composed of fucose, mannose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine and N acetylneuraminic acid in the molar ratio 1:3:6:4.5:2:3. PMID- 7247047 TI - Ultrastructure of the rat testis in experimental uremia. AB - The ultrastructure of the testis was studied in chronically uremic rats with and without administration of hCG. Concomitantly, sham operated pair fed control rats were examined. In uremic rats the seminiferous tubules contained a certain number of necrotic spermatocytes and spermatids with defective acrosome formation. The Sertoli cells showed evidence of reduced function: they had only scarce endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. Leydig cells were rather heterogeneous with respect to ultrastructure. Some cells had poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum, a small Golgi apparatus and no lipid droplets, while others appeared normal. Administration of hCG had marked effects on Leydig cells: such cells acquired numerous mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, while smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, lysosomes and Golgi apparatus were inconspicuous. In contrast, administration of hCH failed to reverse premature germ cell loss. PMID- 7247052 TI - [Status asthmaticus. Mechanical ventilation with association sodium gamma hydroxy butyrate and pancuronium bromide (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have added to the usual therapy (corticoids, antibiotics, bronchodilatators) of 13 cases of status asthmaticus the following association: sodic gamma hydroxybutyrate and pancuronium bromid so they have noted in every case of quick decrease of bronchospasm allowing the stopping of the mechanical ventilation. PMID- 7247049 TI - [Cryopreservation of human sperm]. PMID- 7247050 TI - [Pulmonary artery catheterization. Advantages of internal jugular route. 75 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors relate, after 75 cases, their experience of pulmonary artery catheterism carried out in case of cardiac surgery intervention. The Swan-Ganz catheter is exclusively introduced by the percutaneous internal jugular route and generally right (82 p. cent). During the progression of the catheter the radiologic control is not necessary. The complete failures are rare (2,5 p. cent) and the right pulmonary artery is mostly catheterised in every case. Complications are exceptional and often correspond to benign incidents like premature ventricular contractions which always disappear spontaneously, balloon ruptures (three cases) and the isolation of a non-pathogenic organism during the systemic bacteriologic examination without infections reactions. A serious infection complication has been found in one case and a pulmonary infarction is observed in another case. Compared with other venous route the advantages of this method lie in its very easy, simple, fast and trusty execution. PMID- 7247051 TI - [Epidural morphine for obstetrical pain relief (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty five healthy pregnant women received an epidural injection (at levels varying from T11-T12 to L3-L4) of morphine (2 or 3 mg in 10 ml of saline solution 9 p. thousand) in order to achieve pain relief for delivery. The degree of dilation never exceeded 5 cm at time of injection. Pain level decreased in 22 cases (88 p. cent) but only 16 women (64 p. cent) were fully satisfied. Hypoalgesia begun after 25 minutes and disappeared after 19 hours. No respiratory or haemodynamic changes were noted. On the other hand, the duration of the first stage of labour decreased. The best results are seen when injection is achieved at highest levels, facing spinal cord segments supplying the cervix and the perineum. No newborn showed any sign of respiratory or neurologic depression. PMID- 7247053 TI - [Comparison between hypo- and hyperglucidic diets on protein sparing in major visceral surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The authors compare the protein sparing effect of two diets, exclusively intravenous, including the same protein intake, but a different caloric intake, 21 calories/gm nitrogen for diet "A" (20 cases); 138 calories/gm nitrogen for diet "B" (20 cases). This has been observed during the six post-operative days of major visceral surgery: oesophagectomy, total gastrectomy, colic or rectocolic exeresis, sequestrectomy for acute pancreatitis, lots having been drawn for the diets. Daily nitrogen balances have been made and plasmatic and urinary levels of amino-acids have been measured before surgery and on the third and fifth post operative days. Statistical exploitation is done by variance analysis (linear model of three factors) with a 99% confidence ratio: 1) Patient factor has no influence whatsoever on cumulative nitrogen balance. 2) Time factor arises only on the fourth post-operative day and only in the hypocaloric diet, leading to catabolism. 3) Metabolic condition is determinant. On no cancerous disease, superiority of hypercaloric diet is well demonstrated. On cancerous disease, nitrogen loss is only significantly different on 4th and 5th post-operative day: hypercaloric diet gives a better nitrogen balance. PMID- 7247054 TI - [Use of new internal jugular vein catheterization modified by using of a "catheter around the needle" (author's transl)]. AB - Although widely used, subclavian catheterization has lost popularity to the benefit of internal jugular vein judged more secure. Numerous technics have been described. Since two years we use internal jugular vein catheterization according to the description of Boulanger et al. modified by using a "Catheter around the needle" type device 13 cm long and 1.65 mm wide. 122 patients have experienced 125 catheterizations which were performed on the right side in 96.8 p. cent of the cases. More than 50 p. cent of the patients was conscious at the time of venepuncture. 118 attempts were successful. In 7 cases failure was due either to impossibility of puncture (4 times) or catheterization (3 times). The sole complication was accidental arterial puncture (5 times, 4 p. cent). 4 of them at the time of failure of venepuncture. Training has an important role in the occurrence of failures and complications. They were much more frequent during the twenty first attempts. According to us this technic can reduce incidence of accidental arterial puncture. The risk of pneumothorax is low in spite of the length of the needle. But because of the length and relative stiffness of the catheter the tip is always located in the superior vena cava when the right side has been chosen. PMID- 7247055 TI - [Electrophysiological study of cardiac effects of succinylcholine: role of vagal tone and hyperkalemia in anesthetized dog (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of intravenously infused succinylcholine (SCh): 1 mg/kg/minute during 30 minutes were assessed in anesthetized dogs on spontaneous heart rate, conduction within the atrio-ventricular node and the His-Purkinje system and on atrial (AERP) and atrio-ventricular (AVERP) effective refractory periods with varying levels of vagal tone and under mild hyperkalemia. 1) The heart rate which was not affected by SCh in the absence of vagal tone was by contrast increased by 50 p. cent when vagal tone was maintained. Under hyperkalemia, the vagolysis mediated tachycardia did not prove more marked. 2) The conduction velocity, which was never modified by SCh in either the atria or the His-Purkinje system, was always accelerated with vagal tone. This acceleration is directly related to the vagolytic properties of SCh, but also partly to a mild hyperkalemia. The changes of potassium blood levels tend to reverse the potassium outflow due to the parasympathetic neuromediator. 3) The AERP was was lengthened by SCh and hyperkalemia; the latter impaired the outflow of potassium ions responsible for repolarization. The AVERP was always shortened when the vagal tone is maintained, however less largely under mild hyperkalemia which limits SCh anticholinergic effect owing to its own anticholinergic action. PMID- 7247057 TI - Metabolic rate and blood hormone and metabolite levels of individuals susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia at rest and in response to food and mild exercise. AB - Resting metabolic rate and the energy cost of performing a specific (light work load on a bicycle ergometer were measured in nine subjects susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia (MHS) and nine control subjects, both fasting and following a 600-kcal meal. Blood glucose, lactate, pyruvate and serum triglycerides, thyroxine, cortisol, creatine kinase, growth hormone, and calcium and potassium levels at rest and immediately following exercise, after fasting and eating, were measured. There was no evidence of increased heat production in the MHS subjects compared with controls. The MHS subjects, however, showed a complete absence of dietary-induced thermogenesis with exercise. Compared with the controls, MHS subjects had higher insulin levels for essentially the same blood glucose values. Triglycerides in the MHS group rose steadily over the course of the experiment, whereas in the controls they did not vary from the initial value. Lactate did not rise as much with exercise in the MHS group but did nor fall with rest, and pyruvate did not change from resting fasting values, whereas in the controls it rose steadily. Differences were also found in thyroxine and cortisol levels between the MHS and control groups. The shunting of blood away from thermogenic tissue is suggested as a mechanism for the absence of diet-induced thermogenesis with exercise in the MHS group and the possibility of an underlying abnormality of cardiovascular (sympathetic) control mechanisms in these subjects is discussed. The biochemical abnormalities are discussed in relation to previous biochemical data from MHS humans and pigs and in relation to the abolition of dietary-induced thermogenesis. PMID- 7247056 TI - Inhibition of GABA metabolism in rat brain synaptosomes by midazolam (RO-21 3981). AB - Benzodiazepines are known to potentiate GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) action in the brain. The effects of midazolam, a water-soluble benzodiazepine, on GABA disposal (14CO2 from [1-14C]GABA) and on the individual processes of GABA uptake, GABA release, and GABA-transaminase in the rat brain synaptosomal model system were studied. A 10 per cent inhibition of action was defined as ID10. Midazolam inhibited overall GABA disposal at ID10 = 13 micro M. The ID10 values for the three contributing process in the overall GABA disposal process are 580 micro M for GABA-transaminase activity, 96 micro M for GABA release, and 13 micro M for GABA uptake. The value for GABA release is probably not valid since it fell outside of the linear part of the regression line which was used for calculation. Therefore, GABA uptake inhibition appears to be responsible for the overall inhibition of GABA disposal. This value is consistent with the proposed hypothesis that anesthesia involves excess GABA in the synaptic area. PMID- 7247058 TI - Toxicity of lidocaine in adult, newborn, and fetal sheep. AB - The relative central nervous system and cardiovascular toxicity of lidocaine was compared in adult, newborn, and fetal sheep during continuous infusion of lidocaine into the jugular vein at the rate of 2 mg x kg-1 x min-1. An identical sequence of toxic manifestations occurred in the adult, newborn, and fetus: convulsions, hypotension, respiratory arrest, and circulatory collapse. Doses necessary to produce these manifestations were highest in fetuses and lowest in adults. For example, in order to elicit convulsions, 5.8 +/- 1.8 mg/kg of lidocaine was required in the adults, 18.4 +/- 2.2 in the newborns, and 41.9 +/- 6.0 in the fetuses. Measurements of lidocaine concentrations in blood demonstrated that these toxic symptoms occurred at levels which were not significantly different among the three groups. The results indicate that fetal and newborn lambs are no more sensitive to lidocaine toxicity than are adult sheep. The fact that the highest doses were required in the fetuses is probably related to the placental clearance of the drug into mothers and better fetal maintenance of arterial Po2 despite convulsions and respiratory arrest (cessation of breathing-like movements). PMID- 7247059 TI - Multipatient anesthetic mass spectrometry: rapid analysis of data stored in long catheters. AB - A centrally located mass spectrometer sequentially samples airway gases from ten anesthetized patients through 30 m long, 1.07 mm, ID, nylon catheters and three way solenoid valves. End-tidal and inspired concentrations of O2, N2, CO2, N2O, and halothane, enflurane, or isoflurane are displayed on a computer terminal screen in each OR with trend plots. While a gas sample from one room is being analyzed, all other catheters are slowly sampled in order to continuously store 20-s concentration profiles ready for analysis. The stored gas sample is analyzed at twice the rate it was sampled. The computer switches catheters after one breath has been validated from two comparable end-tidal PCO2 values. Large flow changes produced by switching from one catheter to the next require regulation of the pump pressure in the mass spectrometer. This method reduces the time required to sample each room to 6.96 s (4-10 rooms). Catheter transit slows the response to a step increase in concentration by about 0.13 s (from 10 per cent-90 per cent) and prolongs the transit time through the catheter for a volatile anesthetic by about 0.04 s more than N2. The monitoring facility is used in each room for an average of 5.5 h/day. Two years of experience suggest that it can facilitate detection of faulty technique and equipment, reduce cost of anesthetic agents by encouraging use of closed systems, increase patient safety, aid research and teaching, and diminish exposure of OR personnel to anesthetics. Inherent problems have resulted in an inoperative time of less than 2 per cent. PMID- 7247061 TI - Postoperative paralysis of phrenic and recurrent laryngeal nerves. PMID- 7247062 TI - Anesthesia for a child with Leigh's syndrome. PMID- 7247060 TI - The effect of method of radial artery cannulation on postcannulation blood flow and thrombus formation. PMID- 7247063 TI - The effective dose of midazolam. PMID- 7247064 TI - Uvular edema without endotracheal intubation. PMID- 7247065 TI - An unusual cause of leakage in an anesthesia system. PMID- 7247066 TI - Factors affecting rebreathing in T-piece circuits. PMID- 7247068 TI - Drug packaging invites confusion. PMID- 7247067 TI - Hypothermia after cardiopulmonary bypass in man. PMID- 7247069 TI - Abnormal left ventricular contraction revealed by impedance cardiograms and arterial tracings in bundle branch blocks and old myocardial infarcts. AB - Following the observation of an unusual pattern of the first derivative of the impedance cardiogram in cases of bundle branch block, a systematic study was performed both in normal controls and clinical cases. This graphic study was supplemented by the simultaneous recording of the first derivative of an arterial tracing, preferably the indirect aortic pulse at the suprasternal notch. These studies were performed in 70 subjects: 30 normal subjects, 14 cases of right bundle branch block, 14 cases of left bundle branch block, and 12 cases of old infarcts. Out of 30 normal subjects, only 2 old persons showed splintering of the main systolic wave. Both right and left bundle branch blocks had in common either a splitting of this wave in 2 peaks or multiple splintering; however, 4 cases in each type of bundle branch block had a normal pattern. Among old infarcts, 7 had a splitting, 3 had multiple splitting, and 2 had a normal pattern. The derivative of the arterial tracings showed a remarkable similarity with that of the impedance cardiogram, revealing that abnormal left ventricular ejection (dyssynergy) was present in all 3 types of lesion. The first derivative of the impedance cardiogram was often more typical than that of the arterial tracings, because it had fewer secondary vibrations or artifacts. Thus, the former seems more sensitive to diagnosing left ventricular abnormalities of contraction, even when the electrocardiogram is normal. PMID- 7247070 TI - Protection by flunarizine against endothelial cell injury in vivo. AB - Flunarizine in vivo protects against endothelial cell damage induced by intravenous injection of citrate, CaCl2, or lactate in rats. Its effect is optimal at the low oral dose of 0.1 mg/kg, corresponding to the clinically used one. It lasts for at least 8 hours. Edema formation, platelet activation, and venostatic thrombosis subsequent to endothelial cell injury consequently are also inhibited by flunarizine. The compound does not affect platelet function, plasma coagulation or generation of PGI2 by vascular tissue and does not impair normal haemostasis at effective doses. As for its vascular and hemorrheological effects, the protection by flunarizine against endothelial injury may be related to its Ca2+-antagonistic properties. PMID- 7247071 TI - Selectivity of calcium antagonism and serotonin antagonism with respect to venous and arterial tissues. AB - There are marked differences in responsiveness to naturally occurring vasoactive substances1-4 between isolated blood vessels of different anatomical origin and in particular between arteries and veins. This discussion will deal with two major aspects where arterial and venous smooth muscle differ in their sensitivity to vasoactive agents; their sensitivity to inhibitors of calcium-influx (Ca2+ antagonists) on the one hand and their reactivity to serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine) and serotonin antagonists, on the other. PMID- 7247072 TI - Influence of an upward shift in the V1 electrode position on the P-terminal force. AB - In this study, an attempt was made to determine how the P-terminal force (P-tf) was influenced by an upward shift of the V1 electrode in 508 normal subjects, 101 patients with hypertension, 22 with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), and 55 with old myocardial infarction. An abnormal V1 P-tf (less than or equal to 0.03 mm . sec) was observed in 3.1% of normal subjects, 11.9% of cases with hypertension, 9.1% of cases with COLD, and 21.8% of cases with old myocardial infarction. By shifting the electrode position one intercostal space above the conventional level of V1, an abnormal P-tf was seen in 12.2% of normals, and in 32.7, 36.4, and 43.6% of cases with hypertension, COLD, and old myocardial infarction, respectively. It can be concluded therefore that the P-tf is greatly influenced by a slight upward shift of the V1 electrode, and correct placement of the V1 electrode is essential for P-tf assessment. PMID- 7247073 TI - Duration of hospital stay and post-myocardial infarction morbidity and mortality: a Kaiser-Permanente experience. AB - Among 209 evaluable consecutive patients (mean age 57 years) admitted in 1978 and 1979 for acute myocardial infarction, 186 survived. The mean hospital stay of the survivors was 9.7 days. Of these patients, 99 (53%) with complicated myocardial infarction had a mean hospital stay of 11.2 days; 87 (47%) with uncomplicated infarction had a mean stay of 7.9 days. All patients were followed for at least 6 months. During the 6-month post-hospitalization interval, the overall mortality was about 6%. Of the 12 patients who died, 11 had complicated, and 1 had uncomplicated myocardial infarction. The reinfarction rate in 6 months was 4% for complicated and 2% for uncomplicated infarction. Congestive heart failure was 3% for complicated and zero for uncomplicated infarction. Comparing these findings with reported series of patients with longer hospitalizations, we found no evidence that shortened hospitalization adversely affects mortality or morbidity. PMID- 7247074 TI - Protein variation in the Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus. PMID- 7247075 TI - Protease inhibitor system in horses: classification and detection of a new allele. AB - A method of horizontal thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at acid pH has been developed for the separation of the prealbumins in equine plasma. Using this method, it has been possible to split the S allele into two, S1 and S2, bringing the total number of prealbumin alleles in Thoroughbred horses to eight. The gene frequencies of these eight alleles in Australian Thoroughbreds are presented. All eight prealbumin types exhibit antiprotease activity and therefore, it is suggested that the name prealbumin (Pr) should be abandoned in favour of protease inhibitor (Pi) although at this stage it is not known whether this incorporates the Pi1 and Pi2 described by Junega et al. (1979). PMID- 7247076 TI - A-B-O blood groups in Kenya olive baboons (Papio anubis). PMID- 7247077 TI - Mouse aldehyde dehydrogenase genetics: positioning of Ahd-1 on chromosome 4. PMID- 7247078 TI - Equine marker genes: Polymorphism for soluble erythrocyte malic enzyme. AB - Polymorphism of equine erythrocyte malic enzyme is detactable on starch gel electrophoresis. The frequency of ME1S was 0.06 in 667 Standardbred and 0.09 in 85 Thoroughbred horses. No genetically determined electrophoretic variation in soluble malate dehydrogenase was detected. PMID- 7247079 TI - The presence of blood group and lymphocyte antigens on porcine granulocytes. AB - Suspensions of highly viable (less than 95%) granulocytes minimally contaminated by other cell types were isolated from the peripheral blood of pigs by a single centrifugation with low molecular weight dextran and after preferential lysis of erythrocytes by hypotonic shock. A complement-dependent cytotoxic test showed the presence of antigens of the SLA major histocompatibility complex, the SLB leucocyte system and the A and E blood group systems on the granulocytes. Some SLA typing reagents against class I (SD) antigens did not react with granulocytes, however, or yielded dubious reactions. The findings showed that the reactivity of SLA sera resembles the reactivity fo human HLA sera. The results also show that compatibility in the SLA, SLB, A and E systems will have to be taken into account when preparing alloimmune sera for the determination of granulocyte-specific antigens of pigs. PMID- 7247080 TI - Allergens in hymenoptera venom. VI. Cross reactivity of human IgE antibodies to the three vespid venoms and between vespid and paper wasp venoms. AB - A substantial degree of immunologic cross-reactivity is demonstrated among yellow jacket (YJV), yellow hornet (YHV) and white-faced hornet (WFHV) venoms and between the vespid venoms and paper wasp venom (PWV) by RAST inhibition studies of individual sera from allergic patients. Cross-reactivity is shown to be complete, partial or absent in various cases. In many cases RAST inhibition studies are able to demonstrate the primary sensitivity. Specificity by RAST inhibition did not always agree with specificity by quantitative RAST. A variety of patterns of cross-reaction are shown to exist between the pairs of venoms studied. There is no general pattern of cross-reactivity among the vespids or between vespid and paper wasp. Some cross-reactivity appears to result from multiple stings by different insects. PMID- 7247081 TI - Multifactorial etiology of nasal polyps. AB - Forty patients with nasal polyps were assessed. Elevated serum total IgE levels in nine patients did not correlate with skin testing. Increased serum immune complexes were detected in 11 patients but did not correlate with depressed complement (five patients). Multiple immunological mechanisms may be involved in nasal polyp formation. PMID- 7247082 TI - IgD levels in white and Metis communities in Saskatchewan. AB - Levels of serum IgD have been measured in white and Metis (Cree Indian) communities in Saskatchewan. IgD levels in the Metis were, on average, 10 times as high as those in the white population. In both groups IgD levels rose rapidly to reach, by the age of two years, levels which did not differ significantly from those found in the adult. From the age of two to three years, levels in the populations remained relatively constant with time, although levels in any of individual may rise or fall over a three-year period by factors ranging from 10 to 20. PMID- 7247083 TI - A Medical Allergy Profile (MAP) card. AB - A Medications and Allergy Profile (MAP) card was created that lists instructions and the patient's individual drug regimen. This card is wallet-size and lists the patient's medications with schedule dosage. it also indicates allergies, usual peak flow, theophylline level and steroid dependence. Twenty-four age-matched asthmatics were asked to name their medications schedule and dosage. They were then assigned either to receive a MAP card or to be controls. There was no significant difference between the MAP card group and the controls in the accuracy of their responses initially but when the questions were repeated an average of 3.2 months later only the MAP group showed a significant improvement in naming medication, dose and schedule (p less than 0.001, 0.005, and 0.005, respectively). The MAP card can improve patients' comprehension of their drug regimen and improves medical communication. PMID- 7247084 TI - The issuance of a license for insect venoms by the FDA: a response to the guest editorial by Dr. Harry Mueller. PMID- 7247087 TI - Definitive method for total serum cholesterol assay. (Document C, stage 3) PMID- 7247085 TI - [Interest of the determination of reference values for the monosaccharide composition of the human erythrocyte membrane (author's transl)]. AB - The carbohydrate composition of the human erythrocyte membrane was just established ten years ago. Carbohydrates have crucial functions in the membrane structures and the determination of this composition may have an important semeiological signification. In this way, reference values are necessary. The existence of possible variations of the composition with two physiological parameters: the groups in the ABO system and the age of erythrocytes have been investigated and are reported. Their repercussion on the determination of reference values is discussed. PMID- 7247088 TI - Aerosol vs injected epinephrine in acute asthma. AB - Twenty-five patients with acute asthma were randomized prospectively into one of two double-blind treatment regimens: regimen 1 consisted of subcutaneous epinephrine combined with aerosol placebo; regimen 2 consisted of aerosol epinephrine with injected placebo. In patients with severe airway obstruction (peak expiratory flow rate less than 120, or less than 25% of predicted normal), parenteral epinephrine was superior to aerosol (P less than 0.005) at the end of one hour. However, in patients with mild to moderate asthma (PEFR greater than 120), injected and inhaled epinephrine were of equal efficacy, with the aerosol producing fewer side effects (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7247089 TI - Waterslide injuries. AB - As recreational waterslides become more popular, an increasing number of riders will experience injuries. Sixty-one consecutive patient charts obtained form two different sources reveal distinct patterns. Riders have sustained lacerations (53%), contusions or abrasions (25%), fractured bones (7%), sprains (7%), fractured teeth (6%), and concussions (3%). Most frequently injured are head first position. The ratio of fiberglass slide injuries to concrete slide injuries is 12:1 in our series. The potential for waterslide injuries is underestimated by physicians and dentists until a flurry of cases occur in the community. Epidemiologic study is needed to develop accurate rates of incidence, severity, and levels of risks by type of waterslide construction. PMID- 7247086 TI - [The isoenzymes of the alkaline phosphatases and their cancerologic biochemistries prospects (author's transl)]. AB - The isoenzymes of the alkaline phosphatases of hepatic, intestinal, bony or placental origin are membrane glycoproteins the glycanic copula of which contains neutral hexoses, hexosamines and sialic acid (except for intestinal isoenzyme). Although the glycanic structures do not play a fundamental part into the enzymatic activity, they may however modulate it. In cancerology several new forms of isoenzymes such as the Regan, Nagao and Kasahara enzymes have been described. It appears, in fact that a great number of variants are present among the cancer patients. They can be differentiated by means of their electrophoretic mobility or their reactivity towards various inhibitors. These abnormalities might be included within the larger scope of membrane glycoprotein troubles of the cancerous cell. PMID- 7247090 TI - Gastric rupture: an esophageal obturator airway complication. AB - The esophageal obturator airway (EOA) is in common use throughout the country. This report outlines an unexpected and serious complication: gastric rupture due to overinsufflation. A survey of the literature revealed that most of the known complications involve direct trauma to the esophagus or trachea. In our case, the patient's stomach was ruptured due to vigorous manual ventilation where air was forced into the stomach under pressure, rather than into the lungs, due to failure of the air pressure cuff utilized in the EOA. PMID- 7247091 TI - A dissecting popliteal cyst presenting as acute thrombophlebitis. AB - A patient with psoriatic arthritis presented to the Geisinger Medical Center emergency department after the sudden onset of pain and swelling in his left calf. Initially, the patient was thought to have acute thrombophelebitis. Upon further examination, the diagnosis of a ruptured popliteal cyst was considered, and was confirmed with arthrography. The case illustrates an occurrence of a dissecting popliteal cyst simulating an cute deep vein thrombosis in a patient with an inflammatory process involving the knee. PMID- 7247092 TI - Fracture of the penis. PMID- 7247093 TI - The training of emergency medical technicians. PMID- 7247095 TI - Definition of emergency medicine. PMID- 7247096 TI - Consultations in emergency medicine: suicidal patients in the emergency department. PMID- 7247094 TI - Preceptorships for emergency physicians. AB - We describe a preceptorship developed in response to needs identified by surveys of emergency physicians in our community. The policies and procedures necessary to establish the program and the problems encountered are described. Major factors influencing the success of these programs include commitment by the institution's faculty, availability of administrative staff, financial support, and ongoing evaluation and feedback. A set of recommendations is offered for educational institutions considering the establishment of preceptorships. PMID- 7247097 TI - Transthoracic pacing during CPR. PMID- 7247098 TI - Correction of drug names. PMID- 7247099 TI - Thrombosis as complication of MAST use. PMID- 7247100 TI - Resuscitation by paramedics. PMID- 7247101 TI - Hypothermia treatment. PMID- 7247102 TI - Naloxone administration in clonidine overdosage. PMID- 7247103 TI - Electromyograms as measures of extent and affectivity of information processing. PMID- 7247104 TI - Advances in the care of patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder, common duct, and pancreas. PMID- 7247106 TI - Noninvasive vascular laboratory diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. AB - One hundred and seventeen consecutive patients with suspected deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were studied for a total of 233 limbs in a period of two years. Doppler signals were assessed at the femoral, popliteal, and posterior tibial veins. The pulse volume recorder was used to determine segmental venous capacitance and maximum venous outflow. The mean age was 55.2 years and the male to female ratio was 1:1. Of the 113 legs without suggestion of DVT studies as controls, three were found to have DVT by laboratory criteria and resulted in three cases of bilateral DVT. One hundred and ten limbs that were clinically unsuspected and 79 (66%) that were suspected were negative by the laboratory method. Of these, 106 unsuspected limbs and 42 suspected (35%) did not require venography and were not treated. Thirty-seven suspected legs (31%) and four unsuspected were proven to be negative not only by the laboratory criteria, but also by venography. Eighteen (15%) clinically suspected limbs and two (2 per cent) unsuspected limbs were positive both by venography and laboratory criteria. Eighteen (15%) suspected limbs and one unsuspected were positive by laboratory criteria and were treated without venographic confirmation. There was one false positive and four false-negatives for an overall error of 4.2 per cent. From the true accuracy rate of 92 per cent, sensitivity of 83 per cent, and specificity of 98 per cent, the author concludes that this is a useful method in the diagnosis of DVT. Most of the false-negatives occurred in patients with recurrent DVT. PMID- 7247107 TI - Malposition of venous end of Le Veen shunt: a preventable complication. AB - The Le Veen peritoneovenous shunt for the treatment of refractory ascites is a useful adjunct in the management of these cases. For proper shunt function the venous end of the shunt must lie within the superior vena cava. This case report illustrates how an unsuspected malposition of the venous end of the shunt was discovered and documented. An alternate means of inserting the venous end of the Le Veen shunt that will guarantee that it lies in the superior vena cava is suggested. PMID- 7247108 TI - Real-time B-mode ultrasonography of the femoral arteries: comparison to contrast arteriography. AB - Forty-five patients with symptomatic peripheral vascular disease were studied with a high-resolution, real-time B-mode echo imaging system for visualization of the femoral arteries. Common femoral and superficial femoral arteries were visualized in over 88 per cent of cases, whereas the profunda femoris artery was demonstrated in only about one-third of cases. Stenotic lesions (+ or - 20% of arteriographic assessment) were identified in two-thirds of cases. Prostheses and grafts in the proximal and medial cases. Prostheses and grafts in the proximal and medial thigh were well visualized. Anatomic information provided by B-mode imaging will complement functional assessments of lower extremity vascular insufficiency. PMID- 7247105 TI - Biliary obstruction in chronic pancreatitis: indications for surgical intervention. AB - A syndrome of distal common bile duct obstruction secondary to the fibrotic effects of chronic pancreatitis has been recognized for some time. A group of ten characteristic patients, seven of whom have undergone surgery, is discussed. The diagnostic techniques and surgical procedures are presented, and the results are analyzed. Three patients with the syndrome were not operated upon and one improved spontaneously. The typical patient was a male alcoholic, average age 48 years, with a history of chronic, relapsing pancreatitis and abdominal pain. The most consistently abnormal laboratory value is a markedly elevated alkaline phosphates level. Endoscopic retrograde pancreaticocholangiography and transhepatic cholangiography are the most useful diagnostic procedures. Fifteen per cent of the most useful diagnostic procedures. Fifteen per cent of the patients operated upon required emergent surgery for acute cholangitis and sepsis. Another 29 per cent required prompt intervention for progressive hepatic failure secondary to biliary cirrhosis. The authors advocate an aggressive approach to establish biliary drainage in the presence of acute cholangitis or biliary cirrhosis. If a dilated pancreatic duct can be demonstrated and abdominal pain is the principal problem a direct procedure on the pancreas is needed. PMID- 7247109 TI - Surgical repair of cerebrospinal fluid fistula: a modified technique. PMID- 7247110 TI - Wandering spleen. AB - The spleen is rather firmly attached in the left upper quadrant by five ligaments or peritoneal reflections. With congenital failure or acquired laxity of these attachments, the genital failure or acquired laxity of these attachments, the spleen acquires a true vascular pedicle and becomes mobile. This rare condition, called wandering spleen, makes the organ subject to the complication of torsion, which usually produces an acute abdominal emergency and requires immediate surgical removal. Symptomatic patients display a characteristic constellation of findings that strongly suggests the correct diagnosis and can definitively be ascertained by isotopic imaging specific for the spleen or by ultrasonography. Splenectomy should be performed for all cases of wandering spleen with significant symptoms. A conservative, nonoperative approach in asymptomatic patients is indicated to avoid any chance of postsplenectomy septicemia. PMID- 7247113 TI - Science, ethics, and due process. PMID- 7247111 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiography in patients with focal cerebral ischemia. AB - To assess the use of two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography in demonstrating a cardiac source for cerebral embolization, we studied 138 patients with one or more recent episodes of focal cerebral ischemia, in whom either a cardiac mechanism was suspected or no probable mechanism of ischemia was identified. Intracardiac thrombus was found in nine patients (6.5%); 32 (23.2%) had other cardiac disorders possibly related to the ischemia; and the remaining 97 (70.3%) had study results that were normal or added nothing to the clinical findings. Thus, 2D echocardiography was of limited value in patients with no clinical cardiac disease or hypertension only, and of greater value in patients with known cardiac disease, especially atrial fibrillation. Although 2D echocardiography can demonstrate a wide range of disorders that may be associated with ischemia, the overall low yield does not warrant routine use of this study in all patients with unexplained cerebral ischemic events. PMID- 7247112 TI - Selective use of two-dimensional echocardiography in stroke syndromes. PMID- 7247114 TI - Topical iodine and hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7247116 TI - Sudden death after methylprednisolone pulse therapy. PMID- 7247115 TI - Accidents with Tenckhoff catheters. PMID- 7247118 TI - Uric acid levels and renal blood flow. PMID- 7247117 TI - Car wash tachycardia. PMID- 7247119 TI - Hypotension in the toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 7247121 TI - Typing streptococci in renal disease. PMID- 7247120 TI - Reactions to ellipticinium acetate. PMID- 7247122 TI - Simplified esophageal electrocardiography using bipolar recording leads. AB - Diagnosing cardiac arrhythmias is easier if the P wave can be identified clearly. Esophageal electrocardiography with a unipolar recording lead attached to the V1 terminal of an ECG machine has been used in the past to show P waves. We used both bipolar and unipolar recording leads and standard ECG equipment to record the esophageal ECG and then compared the results obtained with both leads. Twenty two cardiac rhythms were evaluated in 15 patients. The unipolar lead recorded a P wave that was smaller than the QRS complex (0.83 +/- 0.47 mV and 1.28 +/- 0.79 mV, respectively, p less than 0.01) and was obscured when the two depolarizations were nearly simultaneous. The bipolar lead recorded a P wave that was larger than the QRS complex (0.93 +/- 0.62 mV and 0.33 +/- 0.3 mV, respectively, p less than 0.001) and was never obscured. The unipolar lead recorded a P-to-QRS ratio that was smaller than that recorded by the bipolar lead (0.8 +/- 0.5 and 3.3 +/- 1.8, respectively, p less than 0.001). A bipolar esophageal lead can be recorded simply at the bedside using a standard ECG machine and is superior to the conventional unipolar lead. PMID- 7247124 TI - Pseudobacteremia attributed to contamination of povidone-iodine with Pseudomonas cepacia. AB - Pseudomonas cepacia was recovered from the blood cultures of 52 patients in four hospitals in New York over 6 months from April through October 1980. Epidemiologic investigation in one hospital indicated that the positive results of blood culture represented pseudobacteremias and implicated a 10% povidone iodine solution used as an antiseptic and disinfectant (Pharmadine; Sherwood Pharmaceutical Company, Mahwah, New Jersey) as the source of contamination. Physicians who drew blood cultures positive for P. cepacia were more likely to have left povidone-iodine on the skin before venipuncture (p = 0.026) and were more likely to have applied povidone-iodine to the blood culture bottle tops and to have left it there while inoculating the blood culture media (p = 0.007) than those who drew cultures negative for P. cepacia. Direct inoculation of Pharmadine into brain-heart infusion broth yielded P. cepacia; however, 2 weeks after the first cultures, the same Pharmadine bottles were culture negative. The iodine concentrations of the contaminated Pharmadine solutions were similar to those of 10% povidone-iodine solutions distributed by other manufacturers. PMID- 7247123 TI - Menopausal estrogen therapy and hip fractures. AB - The association between menopausal estrogen therapy and hip fracture was studied in a retirement community. Ninety-one hip fracture cases during a 5-year period in female residents under age 80 were compared to age-and race-matched community controls. Estrogen use was recorded from the medical records of the outpatient care facility and personal interviews. The estimated risk ratio for use of oral estrogens in excess of 60 months was 0.42. This protective effect was largely limited to oophorectomized women for whom the risk ratio for a comparable duration of use was 0.14; the risk significantly decreased with increased duration, but no such trend existed with increased dosage. Diabetes mellitus, low Quetelet's index, tallness, prolonged immobilization or physical inactivity, use of corticosteroids, early age at menopause, low levels of sunlight exposure, and heavy cigarette smoking were each independent risk factors for hip fracture but none confounded the observed association with estrogen use. PMID- 7247127 TI - Echocardiography in diagnostic assessment of stroke. AB - We assessed the use of echocardiography in the evaluation of stroke by recording M-mode and two-dimensional (2D) echocardiograms in 100 consecutive hospitalized patients. Of the 95 persons satisfactorily imaged with 2D echocardiography, 47 lacked clinical and routine laboratory evidence of heart disease; no potential embolic source or other finding that altered therapy was diagnosed by echocardiography. In the remaining 48 patients with clinical or routine laboratory evidence of heart disease, two with left ventricular thrombus as a potential embolic source were identified by 2D echocardiography. M-mode echocardiograms failed to detect the thrombus in either patient. No patients with left atrial thrombi, mitral stenosis, cardiac tumor, or vegetations suggesting endocarditis were identified. One patient had possible mitral valve prolapse. Echocardiograms in patients lacking other available evidence of heart disease are unlikely to yield findings that alter the clinical approach to patients with stroke; echocardiography in stroke patients with clinically evident heart disease may have greater clinical utility; additional study of the role of echocardiography in selected subgroups of stroke patients is indicated. PMID- 7247125 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux disease in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. AB - Gastroesophageal reflux has rarely been reported in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, presumably due to elevation in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure. We have evaluated 15 patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome for evidence of esophageal disease. Five presented initially with esophageal disease: one, reflux symptoms; two, severe esophagitis; and two, strictures. Six of 15 had heartburn and nine of 15, objective evidence for reflux disease. Mean lower esophageal sphincter pressure was higher in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome than in controls but was unrelated to serum gastrin levels. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome patients without heartburn had a higher mean sphincter pressure than did patients with heartburn (who had a mean sphincter pressure similar to that of controls but greater than that in patients with idiopathic gastroesophageal reflux). Four patients had biopsy evidence of esophagitis, one in association with Barrett's epithelium. Gastroesophageal reflux and its complications appear to be common in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. PMID- 7247126 TI - Prazosin and hydralazine in congestive heart failure. Regional hemodynamic effects in relation to dose. AB - Central hemodynamic variables and regional blood flow and vascular resistances were ascertained in patients with severe congestive heart failure before and after the oral administration of prazosin hydrochloride or hydralazine. Prazosin was administered in doses of 2, 5, and 10 mg and hydralazine, 75 and 100 mg. Although both agents significantly increased cardiac output and decreased vascular resistances, their effects on regional blood flow and vascular resistances were considerably different. Prazosin increased hepatic blood flow and reduced hepatic vascular resistance at lower doses; these changes decreased as prazosin was increased. Hydralazine did not significantly alter mean hepatic blood flow or vascular resistance. Prazosin did not affect renal blood flow or renal vascular resistance. In contrast, hydralazine significantly increased renal blood flow and reduced vascular resistance; the changes were dose related. Both drugs augmented limb blood flow and diminished limb vascular resistance; the magnitude of change was dose dependent. PMID- 7247129 TI - Endometritis related to Chlamydia trachomatis infection. AB - A 23-year-old woman had endometritis due to Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Chlamydia trachomatis was cultured from endometrial tissue obtained by biopsy, and elevated levels of serum antibodies, including IgM antibodies, to C. trachomatis were found. Cervical secretions were also positive for antibody. After treatment with tetracycline, endometrial cultures for C. trachomatis were negative and endometrial inflammation disappeared. Chlamydia trachomatis has been implicated in salpingitis, cervicitis, urethritis, and peritonitis, This case shows that endometritis may also result from C. trachomatis infection and in such instances may be a contributing factor in infertility. PMID- 7247128 TI - Glycosylated serum protein and hemoglobin A1 levels to measure control of glycemia. AB - The value of glycosylated serum protein and glycosylated hemoglobin levels for estimating diabetic control was compared in 14 patients over 8 weeks during which glycemic control was improved. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels were not an effective indicator of improved glycemic control for the preceding 2 weeks; glycosylated serum protein values, however, accurately reflected alteration of mean glycemic levels 1 and 2 weeks after improvement of glycemic control. Both measurements were equally satisfactory after 8 weeks. In five patients glycosylated serum protein and glycosylated albumin values appeared equally effective in predicting glycemic control. PMID- 7247130 TI - Granulomatous hepatitis secondary to carbamazepine. AB - Three cases of carbamazepine-induced granulomatous hepatitis are reported. Each patient had ingested carbamazepine for less than 1 month before presenting with a febrile illness suggestive of biliary tract infection. After withdrawal of carbamazepine, symptoms disappeared rapidly. Histologically, all patients had granulomatous hepatitis. Two patients also had acute cholangitis. Carbamazepine induced liver injury can be confused clinically and pathologically with biliary tract infection. PMID- 7247131 TI - Cimetidine decreases theophylline clearance. PMID- 7247132 TI - Phytobezoar formation: a new complication of cimetidine therapy. PMID- 7247133 TI - [Medical repercussions of non-ionizing radiations on the environment: introduction to the problem]. PMID- 7247134 TI - [Electric fields, magnetic fields, electromagnetic fields: apparatus for their generation and measurement]. PMID- 7247135 TI - [Problems of regulation and definition of exposure limits in the national and international fields]. PMID- 7247136 TI - [Problems of protection from optical radiation]. PMID- 7247137 TI - [Measurement technics for the evaluation of risks in exposure to non-coherent optical radiation]. PMID- 7247139 TI - [Ultrasonic radiations for diagnostic use. Measurement technic for evaluation of the risks connected with exposure]. PMID- 7247138 TI - [Evaluation of the risks in exposure to lasers]. PMID- 7247140 TI - [Surgical treatment of arterial hypertension of endocrine origin]. PMID- 7247141 TI - [Annular strictures of the lower esophagus: Schatzki's mucosal ring]. PMID- 7247142 TI - [Study of blood pressure curves for the hemodynamic evaluation of the pig]. PMID- 7247143 TI - [Experimental lymphovenous micro-anastomosis: a new technic]. PMID- 7247144 TI - [Surgery of peripheral vascular injuries]. PMID- 7247145 TI - [Comparison of invasive methods and ultrasonic methods of determining venous pressure levels]. PMID- 7247146 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in gallbladder diseases]. PMID- 7247147 TI - [The subclavian steal syndrome (considerations on a special surgical operation)]. PMID- 7247150 TI - [Arteriovenous fistulas]. PMID- 7247149 TI - [Organizational problems in a modern experimental surgery center]. PMID- 7247148 TI - [Pyloric stenosis in the aged patient (personal case statistics)]. PMID- 7247152 TI - Peripheral corneal infiltrates in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Two patients with ulcerative colitis and one patient with Crohn's disease developed unilateral corneal lesions. There were small white peripheral subepithelial infiltrates associated with mild irritative symptoms. No signs of staphylococcal infection were present, and the intestinal disease was inactive. The corneal lesions cleared rapidly with topical corticosteroids or systemic indomethacin. PMID- 7247151 TI - Immunotherapy for rabbit lid papillomas. PMID- 7247154 TI - Serpiginous choroiditis and unilateral extrapyramidal dystonia. PMID- 7247155 TI - The treatment of chronic angle-closure glaucoma. PMID- 7247153 TI - Surgical correction of complicated myopic astigmatism by means of dissection of circular ligament of cornea. PMID- 7247157 TI - Old and new techniques combined in the management of intraocular foreign bodies. AB - A series of patients is presented to illustrate how new techniques are combined with traditional ones in the management of intraocular foreign bodies. Whereas X ray remains the most sensitive method for detecting metallic foreign bodies and can adequately localize most, ultrasonography and CT scans are shown to be of value in selected cases. Similarly, while magnetic extraction remains the most common method of removal, the techniques developed for pars plana vitrectomy make the use of intraocular forceps relatively safe for those cases unresponsive to the magnet. THe role of vitrectomy in cases with vitreous hemorrhage is discussed. PMID- 7247156 TI - Progressive lenticular astigmatism associated with nuclear sclerosis and coloboma of the iris, lens, and choroid: case report. PMID- 7247158 TI - Pigmentary glaucoma: an ultrastructural study. AB - Trabeculectomy blocks from both eyes of a patient with pigmentary glaucoma were examined by light microscopy, SEM, and TEM. Evidence of a development angle anomaly was not found. The pigment granules packed within the trabecular meshwork were probably responsible for the glaucoma in this disease. Evidence suggested that melanin granules may contain a large amount of protein, unsaturated lipid, or both. PMID- 7247159 TI - Trochlear nerve palsy as a false localizing sign. AB - A 12-year-old boy developed a fourth nerve palsy during the course of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome. False or nonlocalizing signs that occur during the course of intracranial disease are briefly reviewed. The rarity of a fourth nerve palsy as a false localizing sign is pointed out. However, the question is raised whether a number of subtle fourth nerve palsies go unnoticed and that the true incidence of false localizing fourth nerve palsies is higher. PMID- 7247160 TI - Ocular surface defense mechanisms. AB - The outer eye is furnished with a variety of defenses active in protecting against continual exposure to the hazards. These defenses include the bony orbit, the eyelids and cilia, the tear film, corneal and conjunctival epithelium, and a submucosal secretory immunoglobulin system. Compromise of one or more of these components in disease states can lead to ocular infection. Rapid engulfment of foreign material introduced into the tearfilm is demonstrated with the use of polystyrene microspheres. PMID- 7247161 TI - Increase in rabbit corneal curvature by heated ring application. AB - This study demonstrated that increases of corneal curvature in living rabbits could be induced through the application of heated brass rings. The peak increase averaged 10.5 D in a series of 19 eyes, as compared to the nontreated fellow eyes. This change tended to be transient, was not prolonged with the use of steroids locally, and tended to return to normal within two to three weeks. The mechanism of this change involved the creation of a rigid desiccated pseudo limbus holding the cornea in the configuration of increased curvature. With the rehydration of the desiccated area, the cornea then reassumes its pretreated curvature and configuration. The application of the rings heated to about 98C produced a very low incidence of corneal ulceration. Further experiments showed that burn ulceration is a temperature-dependent phenomenon rarely found with application of heat less than 110C. PMID- 7247162 TI - Peripheral uveitis and ulcerative colitis. AB - A 26-year-old woman developed bilateral peripheral uveitis. This was followed five years later by the onset of ulcerative colitis. To our knowledge this is the first report of a relationship between these two entities. A brief review of the literature is undertaken along with a description of some of the immunologic phenomena common to these two disorders. Systemic manifestations with peripheral uveitis are rarely reported, and we feel that many case of uveitis in patients with ulcerative colitis may go undetected. Therefore the true incidence of uveitis in ulcerative colitis may be higher than is realized. It is emphasized that a complete and extensive ocular examination be made in all patient with ulcerative colitis or other forms of inflammatory bowel disease. In this way, the true relationship between these disorders may be elicited and the presence or absence of a common immunologic disturbance may be determined. PMID- 7247164 TI - Macular degeneration with pseudohypopyon: evolution of the geographic lesion. PMID- 7247163 TI - Corneal involvement in methylmalonic aciduria. PMID- 7247165 TI - Retinopathy in the sexually abused battered child. AB - Two cases of Purtscher's retinopathy in sexually abused battered children were observed. The major ocular findings were severe diffuse subretinal, retinal, and preretinal hemorrhages. Sexual trauma in conjunction with shaking may have produced sufficient changes in intraabdominal and intrathoracic pressure to account for retinal and intracranial hemorrhage. A prompt examination by an ophthalmologist is recommended for all children who are victims of physical abuse. PMID- 7247166 TI - Clindamycin therapy for toxoplasmosis. AB - Clindamycin hydrochloride hydrate (Cleocin), a semisynthetic antibiotic shown experimentally to be effective in ocular toxoplasmosis in the rabbit, was used in the treatment of four patients with active retinochoroiditis secondary to toxoplasmosis. The drug was administered subjunctivally on alternate days for 30 days. Both subjective and objective evidence indicated beneficial results in these patients during the first 30 days. One of the four did not respond during the first 30 days but did respond during an extended period. One of those who responded initially had exacerbations when the drug was stopped and required treatment. PMID- 7247167 TI - Status of laser treatment of open-angle glaucoma. PMID- 7247168 TI - A possible cause of chronic cystic maculopathy: the operating microscope. PMID- 7247169 TI - The relationship between body temperature and intraocular pressure. AB - A comparison of the intraocular pressures of well-hydrated nonacclimatized and acclimatized subjects during submaximal work load in a hot environment was made. This comparison attempts to eliminate all possible influences on IOP, except body temperature. A direct relationship between the IOP and rectal temperature is postulated. PMID- 7247170 TI - Tapioca melanoma of the iris arising from a ciliary body melanoma. PMID- 7247171 TI - A shot between the eyes. AB - Cranial gunshot wounds can result in a number of possible and seemingly impossible combinations of neurological deficits. It is unusual for an individual to both survive and remain neurologically intact. This is the report of such an incident. PMID- 7247172 TI - Comparison of intramuscular and intravenous succinylcholine on intraocular pressure. AB - The effect of succinylcholine on intraocular pressure was determined in one group of patients who received the drug intravenously, compared with a similar group receiving the drug intramuscularly. The group receiving intravenous succinylcholine showed a significantly earlier rise in pressure and a significantly higher rise in pressure compared to the group receiving the drug intramuscularly. In both groups the pressure returned to normal within five minutes. It is suggested that in cases with a ruptured globe or wound leak in which succinylcholine is used to facilitate tracheal intubation, the drug should be administered intramuscularly. PMID- 7247174 TI - Experience with extended wear hydrogel lenses for aphakia. AB - Nineteen of 23 aphakic eyes were able to wear a hydrogel soft lens for 3 to 14 months (average, 8.32 months). About half of the patients in the study had failed to tolerate all other types of contact lenses. The most annoying problem with the hydrogel lens was the development of surface deposits, which required cleaning or replacement of the lenses. Despite this drawback, the lenses were enthusiastically accepted and provided satisfactory vision for all the patients, several for their only functioning eye. PMID- 7247175 TI - Corneal injury by a Thorazine Spansule. PMID- 7247173 TI - Spontaneous scleral perforation associated with peripheral marginal corneal degeneration: a case report. PMID- 7247176 TI - Bilateral serous retinal detachment with thrombocytopenia during penicillamine therapy. PMID- 7247177 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma of the conjunctiva. PMID- 7247179 TI - Carcinoma metastatic to an extraocular muscle. AB - Isolated lateral rectus metastatic carcinoma from a primary breast carcinoma was found in a 62-year-old woman who was asymptomatic until local inflammatory signs developed. Ultrasound and CT scans revealed a localized lesion in the lateral aspect of the orbit, which, on biopsy, proved to be a mass situated on top of the lateral rectus muscle. PMID- 7247178 TI - Probenecid and intraocular methicillin. AB - Probenecid was given intravenously to rabbits in an effort to extend the intraocular longevity of intravitreal methicillin. With relatively high levels of probenecid, an insignificant elevation of half-life was obtained. Aqueous levels of methicillin were measured after intravitreal injection and were found to be adequate to inhibit penicillinase-producing S. aureus for approximately 20 hours. PMID- 7247180 TI - Isolated superior oblique paralysis in progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 7247181 TI - Posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia of Lutz. AB - Discrete lesions interrupting the fiber tracts that connect the pontine center for conjugate horizontal gaze and the ipsilateral abducens nucleus create the syndrome of Lutz's posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia. In this syndrome the lateral rectus on the side of the lesion fails to abduct the eye normally on attempted horizontal gaze to the same side. Adduction of the contralateral eye is normal. This syndrome may be differentiated from the more common abducens nerve palsy by noting the orthotropic position of the eyes in primary position, the absence of primary and secondary deviations with alternate fixation, and the absence of diplopia. A case of this syndrome, presumably due to central nervous system vasculitis, is reported, and related human and animal studies are reviewed. PMID- 7247182 TI - Bilateral retinal detachment with giant tears. AB - A ten-year-old boy underwent simultaneous bilateral repair of giant tear retinal detachments. He underwent scleral buckling with silicone explants, encircling band placement, and drainage of subretinal fluid bilaterally. Additionally, the left eye underwent intravitreal injection of air through the pars plana and postoperative argon laser photocoagulation. Intraoperative transcleral cryopexy was applied in each eye. After six months, visual acuity is maintained at 20/80 and 20/60 with the retina flat in both eyes. PMID- 7247183 TI - A modified Flieringa-Legrand ring for use in trabeculectomy. AB - The Flieringa-Legrand ring has been modified for use in trabeculectomy. It may be used with the Forbes scleral support system, which is designed to prevent posterior infolding of the sclera. This combination is particularly suited for filtration surgery on infantile and juvenile glaucoma and in high myopia, where vitreous loss is a potential threat. PMID- 7247184 TI - A small bubble technique for manipulating giant retinal tears. PMID- 7247185 TI - Automated perimetry. II. Devices manufactured in the United States and abroad. PMID- 7247186 TI - The iris nevus and Cogan-Reese syndromes: separate entities? PMID- 7247187 TI - Ophthalmometry without patient fixation. AB - Because of the asphericity of the cornea, proper ophthalmometry requires the visual axis of the eye, the optical axis of the ophthalmometer, and the corneal apex to be coincident. The animal subject and the human patient cannot always direct their visual axis to the axis of the instrument. This paper describes the attachment of a photographer's tripod pan arm to the Haag Streit ophthalmometer and the method devised, which allows accurate corneal curvature measurement in cases of nonfixating subjects. PMID- 7247188 TI - Bilateral blindness due to orbital lymphoma. PMID- 7247189 TI - Spontaneous regression of an anterior chamber cyst: a case report. PMID- 7247190 TI - Cryptococcosis in a phthisical eye. AB - A case of an enucleated phthisical eye was examined pathologically and was diagnosed as uveitis, subretinal granuloma, detached retina, phthisis bulbi. Twenty years later a more detailed study of multiple sections with differential stains revealed the existence of yeast-like bodies morphologically compatible with Cryptococcus neoformans. Systemic involvement was not found in this case, and the patient died 17 years later from an unrelated disease of the cardiovascular system. However an autopsy was not performed. Indirect fluorescent antibody staining technique on unstained deparaffinized sections of the eye tissue was positive for C. neoformans. PMID- 7247191 TI - Focal choroidal calcification. AB - Localized choroidal calcification was detected clinically in two otherwise healthy men. The lesions showed typical features of choroidal nevi. One patient exhibited features suggesting a drusen overlying the nevus. Echography detected choroidal calcification in both cases. A-scan echography revealed a highly reflective choroidal mass attenuating the ultrasound beam. B-scan ultrasonography revealed a dense choroidal mass attenuating the ultrasound beam with focal echoes remaining at low sensitivity. Orbital radiographic and CT scan examination confirmed the echographic findings. PMID- 7247192 TI - Intraorbital arteriovenous malformation with spontaneous thrombosis. PMID- 7247193 TI - Subconjunctival lymphoma: a review of six suspected cases and the use of immunologic surface markers. AB - Six cases of subconjunctival tumor clinically compatible with the appearance of subconjunctival lymphoma were evaluated. Two of the patients, Cases 1 and 2, were under treatment with either prednisone or gold therapy for severe rheumatoid arthritis. Patient 3 manifested further evidence of systemic disease (auxillary lymph node). Of the remaining cases, patient 4 had no further evidence of systemic involvement, whereas patient 5 was suspected of having a gastrointestinal tumor. The last case, a patient known to have pulmonary lymphoma, presented with dry eye and multiple subconjunctival lymphomatous masses. Immune surface marker studies demonstrated a B-cell monoclonal subconjunctival lymphoma, suggestive of an improved survival when compared to null cell-type lesions. Immune surface marker studies offer a new commercially available method for classifying and prognosticating subconjunctival lymphomas. PMID- 7247194 TI - Plasma cell myeloma of the orbit. AB - An 80-year-old woman had a left superior temporal orbital mass that displaced the globe downward and forward. Restriction of motion was present in all fields of gaze. Radiologic and ultrasound evaluation revealed an orbital mass extending posteriorly, with erosion of the superior orbital rim. Biopsy diagnosis was plasma cell myeloma, a rare orbital tumor. The patient was subsequently found to have multiple myeloma, treated with local radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Three and-one-half years after diagnosis, she is alive and in remission. PMID- 7247195 TI - Delayed skin reactivity of patients with herpetic stromal keratitis. AB - Twenty-seven patients with chronic stromal keratitis due to herpes simplex virus were tested for delayed skin reactions, to investigate the non-specific immune reactivity in vivo. Skin tests were performed with five ordinary antigens Candida, mumps, phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), purified protein derivative of tubercle bacillus (PPD), and streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD). The reactivity of the patients was generally decreased, as compared to the age-matched 40 healthy controls. Especially, the reactivity of the patients to PHA-P was significantly decreased (p less than 0.007). The largest mean diameters of erythema at 24 or 48 hours in Candida and PHA-P were also significantly less in the patients than in the controls (Candida, p less than 0.02; PHA-P, p less than 0.05). PMID- 7247196 TI - Serotonin nerve endings and regulation of pupillary diameter. AB - On the basis of the effects caused by 5-6-dihydroxytryptamine (5-6-DHT) on the serotonin nerve endings (chronic degeneration with depletion of the mediator), the eventual existence of serotoninergic fiber regulating pupillary diameter (PD) and intraocular pressure (IOP) was studied from a functional point of view. For the miotic effect found after administration of 5-6-DHT in rabbit, not accompanied by any change in the IOP, the hypothesis of a coparticipation of the serotoninergic fibers in the regulation of the PD is proposed, thus sustaining the concept that both PD and IOP respond to mechanisms of autonomous control. A phenomenon of receptorial supersensitivity to serotonin after the lesion of the nerve endings, dependent on 5-6-DHT, was also encountered. PMID- 7247197 TI - Visual perception with the ultra-thin Soflens contact lens. PMID- 7247198 TI - The Verhoeff capsule forceps: clinical and experimental results. AB - Lenses were pulled from rabbit and human eyes with a Verhoeff forceps suspended from a pulley. One human lens capsule ruptured with 10 gm and one with 14 gm. Eight human lenses were pulled out intact with 10 to 18 gm. One rabbit lens capsule ruptured with 18 gm and one with 20 gm. Eight rabbit lenses were pulled out intact with 12 to 24 gm. The cryoprobe on the pulley did not rupture any lenses. Thirty grams of counter pressure reduced the pull required to extract rabbit lenses by 50%. Weights were added to a Verhoeff forceps suspended from a rabbit lens supported by a lens loop. One lens was ruptured at 17 gm, and nine lenses were pulled through the loop with 17 to 27 gm. Capsule rupture occurred in 2.4% of 500 consecutive senile immature cataract extractions done with the Verhoeff forceps and counter pressure. Counter pressure did not disturb the vitreous body. PMID- 7247199 TI - [Cefuroxime: placental passage and concentrations in the uterus and adnexa uteri. Preliminary results]. PMID- 7247200 TI - [Critical and comparative evaluation of some methods of interpreting cardiotocography in pregnancy]. PMID- 7247201 TI - [Perinatal indices and neurological development of the child in the first 2 years of life. Possibilities and limitations of early diagnosis]. PMID- 7247202 TI - [Condylomatous lesions of the female genital tract with very low grade atypias]. PMID- 7247203 TI - [Vaginal cytology. Study of sample models of subjects with carcinoma in situ and micro-invasive carcinoma]. PMID- 7247204 TI - [Endocrine and clinical evaluations in ovarian polycystic disease (OPD)]. PMID- 7247205 TI - [Long-term results of surgical treatment of chronic vulvar dystrophies]. PMID- 7247206 TI - [Bilateral endometriosis of the canal of Nuck simulating strangulated hernia]. PMID- 7247207 TI - [The use of ultrasonics in pediatric gynecology]. PMID- 7247208 TI - [Laryngeal stenosis: phonatory and respiratory results according to treatment, and studied with a pneumotograph (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247209 TI - [Solitary tumors of the vagus nerve in the carotid sulcus: neurofibroma and schwannoma. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Neurinoma of the vagus is a rare disease (less than a hundred cases published) and even more exceptional when it develops in the carotid cervical sulcus. Indeed, nevous tumors of the neck are usually situated in a high position, in the lateo-pharyngeal space. Clinical diagnosis is difficult: a chronical enlarged lymph node is the usual suggestion. Nevertheless, two signs, albeit inconsistent are very important: cough and bradycardia on palpation of the tumefaction. Enucleation, when possible, is the best procedure for exeresis, leaving the recurrent fibers intact. But in most cases, the tumor cannot be separated from the nervous fibers and the vagus nerve must be severed at both ends. This results in definitive paralysis of the homolateral vocal cord. Microscopically, it is not always easy to distinguish between neurofibroma and schwannoma because both tumors share a common cytogenetic origin and many intermediary forms are found. Only electronic microscopy can solve litigious cases. The importance of this distinction is not only speculative, a schwannoma assumes a solitary course but a neurofibroma may belong to Recklinghausen's disease. Both schwannoma and the rare solitary neurofibroma of the cervical portion of the vagus nerve can be surgically removed, their prognosis is favorable. nervous tumors of the neck in Recklinghausen's Disease must not be operated on account of possible aggravation. PMID- 7247210 TI - [An unusual pattern of papillary cystadenolymphoma (Warthin's tumor) of the parotid gland. Case report (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present a case of Warthin's tumor growing during 15 years and having a very unusual hyperplastic and pseudopapillary epithelial covering. This case is studied under the already known histogenetical hypothesis which were reviewed and examined through the recent publications and the author's works and experience. PMID- 7247213 TI - [Epitheliomas of the margin of the larynx. Definition, classification and extension (author's transl)]. AB - Studying 213 cases of epithelioma of the laryngeal margin, the authors report on a 3-part study. The first part defines, classifies and specifies the extension of marginal epitheliomas, the second part studies anterior margin epitheliomas and the third, epitheliomas of the lateral margin. This first part shows that the laryngeal margin forms a precise anatomo-clinical entity which must be subdivided into anterior lateral posterior and total margins. The anterior margin consists of the free edge, the supra-hyoid laryngeal side of the epiglottis and, for the authors, the laryngeal side of the epiglottis that belongs, for the UICC, to the oropharynx. The lateral margin consists of the aryteno-epiglottic fold and, for the authors, of the intersection of the three fold that are not mentioned in the UICC or the AJC classifications. The arytenoid cartilage forms the posterior margin. Together, tumors of the anterior margin and the lateral margin make up for 94% of marginal tumors. This first part specifies the macroscopic aspects of marginal epitheliomas with their local and lymphatic extension. PMID- 7247212 TI - [Parieval in 52 cases of internal ear deafness]. PMID- 7247211 TI - [Febrile acute torticollis (author's transl)]. AB - Febrile acute torticollis in the child represents a special clinical picture. Of variable cause, it may be indicative of an inflammatory, infectious or dystrophic pathology affecting any of the anatomical structures of the neck. Treatment is quite clearly defined, and it may be a therapeutic emergency. All ENT specialists must be familiar with this since they are most likely to be the first physician to whom such a child is brought. PMID- 7247214 TI - [Epitheliomas of the anterior margin of the larynx. A study of 102 cases (author's transl)]. AB - In this second part, we study 102 cases of epithelioma of the anterior margin of the larynx. The authors insist on the need for bilateral treatment of lymphatic areas on account of their frequent bilateral involvement, jumping from 9% for N0 to 80% for a fixed unilateral enlarged lymph node. Whatever the T stage, the best therapeutic results are provided by total or partial surgery of the lesion combined with surgical treatment of lymphatic areas completed by irradiation. PMID- 7247215 TI - [Epitheliomas of the lateral margin (author's transl)]. AB - The third part ends the study on epitheliomas of the laryngeal margin and concerns 8 cases of epithelioma of the lateral margin (aryteno-epiglottic fold and intersection of the three folds). The authors emphasize the considerable lymphatic tropism of these tumors. In 58% of these, enlarged lymph nodes were found, 65% of which showed histological involvement. Best results (survival and local sterilisation) are provided by surgery, partial or complete, depending on the T stage, the tumoral site, and combined with lymphadenectomy, completed by irradiation. PMID- 7247217 TI - [Pachyonychia congenita. Three familial cases. Effects of the treatment by aromatic retinoid (RO 10.9359) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present three familial cases of Schonfeld's type I pachyonychia. This syndrome represents the association of pachyonychia with palmoplantar keratodermia, frictionnal keratosis and bullae, hyperidrosis, oral leucokeratosis. This genotype is present in the remaining family. Traumatisms produce or increase several symptoms as: a) palmoplantar keratodermia: voluminous callus confined to site of pressure; b) hyperkeratosis of the nails, with hyperplasia and papillomatosis of the nail bed and the hyponychium due to the frequents microtraumatisms of the finger-pulps; c) oral leucokeratosis. The authors describe the painful character of the palmoplantar lesions: walking and working with the hands are very difficult. They assert the outstanding action of aromatic retinoid (RO 10.9359) which entertains a dramatic improvement of the palmoplantar and pachyonychia lesions, the decrease of the pain. Now, the patient life is normal. In these three cases, an hyperuricemia is associated: this feature is probably a fortuitous association. One of these patients has a Lesch Nyhan's syndrome. PMID- 7247216 TI - [Occurrence of lupus-type circulating anticoagulant in syphilis (author's transl)]. AB - Screening tests for circulating anticoagulant were performed systematically in fifteen patients with different stages of syphilis. The lupus-type anticoagulant, an inhibitor of the prothrombin activator complex, was demonstrated in one primary and three secondary stages, without any hemorrhagic complications. The possible relationship between the occurrence of this type of inhibitor and positive antilipoidal tests is discussed in reference to the well-known association of circulating anticoagulant and biologic false positive serologic tests for syphilis observed in patients with SLE. PMID- 7247218 TI - [Primary perianal actinomycosis]. PMID- 7247219 TI - [Facial linear scleroderma and sarcoidosis with hypothalamic, mediastinal and hepatic localizations]. PMID- 7247220 TI - [Urticaria induced by benzodiazepines]. PMID- 7247222 TI - [Histopathological data on myocardiopathies in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247221 TI - [Myocardiopathies in childhood: definitions, classifications, categories (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247223 TI - [Functional and morphological data on myocardiopathies in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247224 TI - [Myocardiopathies secondary to cardiovascular diseases: systolic strain and diastolic overload (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247225 TI - [Myocardiopathies secondary to myocardial ischemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247226 TI - [Acute infectious myocarditis (authors' transl)]. PMID- 7247227 TI - ["Degenerative" myocardiopathies in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247228 TI - [Toxic myocardiopathies in pediatrics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247229 TI - [Non-obstructive idiopathic myocardiopathies in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247230 TI - [Restrictive myocardiopathies in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247231 TI - [Tienilic acid and biliary secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247232 TI - [Low molecular weight oligosaccharides active in plasma against factor Xa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247233 TI - [Preventive and curative efficacy of a albendazole in hepatico-peritoneal cysticercosis in rabbit. A laboratory model for chemotherapy of hydatidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247234 TI - [Some derivatives of gallosemide having diuretic properties in animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247235 TI - [Contribution to the study of benzoic acid-theophylline and benzoic acid paracetamol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247236 TI - [The use of biological indicators in radiosterilisation: I. Bacillus pumilus E 601 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247237 TI - Reduction mammaplasty for moderate macromastia. AB - The author reports his experience treating moderate macromastia using the inferior dermal pedicle technique in 23 patients. The skin flap design is bases on anatomical points along the inframammary line and on the areola. Nipple-areolo position is determined after skin closure about the breast mound, eliminating the guesswork in selecting the new site. Tissue resections ranged from 175 to 1,200 gm per breast and averaged 572 gm per breast. My experience indicates that the method is best suited to instances of moderate macromastia but is applicable over a wide range. PMID- 7247239 TI - Review of closed capsulotomy complications. AB - Seventy-five closed capsulotomies were reviewed and the degree of capsular contracture graded. The nutcracker technique was employed. In 35 cases, tonometric measurements before and after capsulotomy quantitated the improvement. Complications included inability to rupture the capsule, recurrence of contracture, distortion of breast shape, and in 1 patient, implant rupture. The degree of breast softness after capsulotomy correlated well with tonometry and was inversely proportional to the degree of preexisting capsular contracture. Softness was also proportional to the latency of onset of contracture. Analysis of the results suggests that capsulotomy is best performed in the patient with mild to moderate contracture and is containdicated in patients with severe contracture or breast distortion from previous capsulotomy. The nutcracker technique is advised, and reduction of pressure is urged once the capsular tear is heard. Closed capsulotomy usually, but not always improves breast firmness. It provides the physician with a nonoperative means of coping with an undesirable result. PMID- 7247238 TI - Augmentation mammaplasty without contracture. PMID- 7247240 TI - Inner arm flap for the reconstruction of nasal and facial defects. PMID- 7247241 TI - Evaluation of strategic nerve section in myocutaneous flaps. AB - Manipulation of the muscle blood supply by denervation was undertaken to see if it affected the amount of the myocutaneous unit that survived. Nineteen dogs were studied, using the gracilis muscle as a model. The gracilis muscle was denervated on one side, with the other, innervated muscle serving as a control. No difference was noted in how much of the myocutaneous unit survived. It was concluded that denervating a myocutaneous unit does not increase survival. PMID- 7247242 TI - Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in Poland syndrome. AB - We present a new approach to the old problem of congenital chest wall malformation--an approach that is anatomically reliable, physiologically sound, and cosmetically pleasing. The procedure used the patient's own tissues, thus avoiding the problem associated with the use of a foreign body, such as a silicone mammary implant. In addition, no loss of muscle mass is seen due to the retention of the normal neurovascular supply to the latissimus dorsi muscle. PMID- 7247243 TI - Evaluation of low-viscosity intravascular silicone rubber with scanning electron microscope. AB - A low-viscosity silicone rubber polymer used as an intravascular embolization material was studied with the aid of a scanning electron microscope. The silicone polymer became permanently affixed to the vessel endothelium without observable morphologic changes in the endothelium. No evidence of late recanalization of the embolized vessels was found in our experimental sections. PMID- 7247244 TI - The sideslip maneuver with myocutaneous flaps. PMID- 7247245 TI - Disseminated necrotizing fasciitis of the scalp. PMID- 7247247 TI - The spoon splash guard sucker in dermabrasion. PMID- 7247248 TI - The extended face-lift with ancillary procedures. AB - Our present face-lift technique is a double-layered operation, consisting of standard skin flap dissection in the cheeks and undermining in the neck, often across the midline. The underlying foundation for the lift is created by superficial musculoaponeurotic system advancement in the cheeks, partial medial and lateral transection of the platysma muscle in the neck, and suturing together of the medial borders of the platysma in the submental region. We do not divide the platysma completely. When ancillary procedures are indicated, the operations are done in two stages because of the increased operating time required. We believe the improvement in quality and duration of results makes the increased time, effort, and expense worthwhile, though scientific proof of our impression is not yet available. A method for objective evaluation of results is suggested. PMID- 7247246 TI - X-ray grid. PMID- 7247249 TI - The rib-pectoralis major osteomyocutaneous flap. AB - We describe a reliable composite osteomyocutaneous flap used for mandibular reconstruction in 14 patients. The flap is composed of the pectoralis major muscle and the attached fifth or sixth rib, with the overlying skin. This flap is tunneled superiorly under the neck skin. The muscle protects the great vessels. The skin lines the oral cavity or fills an external skin defect, and the rib replaces lost mandible. The rib seems to be adequately vascularized to survive, and does not resorb. Boney union is painless and clinically firm. One flap in the series was lost, and the rib was removed in 3 others. There was 1 persistent fistula. PMID- 7247250 TI - Reconstruction of mandible with free osteocutaneous flap using deep circumflex iliac vessels as the stem. AB - One of the 2 patients introduced here had osteoradionecrosis, which has been difficult to reconstruct. The other had a massive adamantinoma that required replacement of the mandible from the midportion of the right ramus to the left angle with the iliac bone using the conventional method. The grafted iliac bone was severely absorbed, however. The mandible in both cases was successfully reconstructed with an osteocutaneous compound flap, using the deep circumflex iliac vessels as the stem. This method is considered a very good procedure for reconstruction of the mandible, which has been difficult by conventional procedures. Because the diameter of the stem is large, vascular anastomosis can be readily performed with an extremely high degree of safety. Pulsation of the stem can be palpated on follow-up even one year after surgery, and there are no signs of bone reabsorption. PMID- 7247251 TI - Methods and results of reconstruction with free flaps following resection of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - Our experience with 9 patients who have undergone reconstruction with free flap transfers following resection of squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck area is presented. The dorsalis pedis flap was used in 3 patients, the iliofemoral (groin) flap in 4, and the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in 2. Four patients had received preoperative irradiation. Despite minor partial flap necrosis in 3 patients and the development of oral cutaneous fistulas in 2, all the flaps were successful in providing the necessary coverage. Reoperation in 1 patient was necessary because of thrombosis of the venous anastomosis. PMID- 7247252 TI - Reconstruction mammaplasty using an economical flap from the opposite breast. PMID- 7247253 TI - Technical aspects of the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in breast reconstruction. AB - The authors review the technical refinements that have come about through their increased use of the latissimus dorsi flap for reconstruction of the female breast following mastectomy, referring to over 90 of their cases. These refinements involve careful selection of patients in whom the flap is used; planning the flap, including determination of the limits of the muscle; and the location and shape of the skin island. Placement of the patient on the table and the position of her arms and hips are discussed. The dissection and transfer of the flap, as well as closure of the donor defect, can present particular problems, which are outlined. Implant placement, wound closure, and postoperative care of the patient are also discussed. PMID- 7247254 TI - A preliminary report on the use of Staphage Lysate for treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa. AB - Eight patients, 7 with hidradenitis suppurativa and 1 with chronic recurrent staphylococcal abscess, all of whom failed to respond to antibiotic therapy, conservative therapeutic measures, and surgery, were experimentally placed on Staphage Lysate. Treatment after appropriate skin testing consisted of subcutaneous infections of 0.1 ml and intranasal installation of 0.3 ml of Staphage Lysate. Treatments were weekly for twelve weeks, biweekly for six months, and then monthly. Complications, which occurred early, were minimal and involved rash, vertigo, malaise, chills, nausea, fever, and headache. Six of the 8 patients reported noticeable improvement in odor, consistency, and amount of drainage and considerable decreases in pain. Seven of the 8 patients reported improvement in the ability of lesions to drain spontaneously, and a decrease in the frequency of inflammatory nodules. All 8 patients reported that the inflammatory periods were definitely shorter. Early data suggests that Staphage Lysate is a useful adjuvant in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa. PMID- 7247255 TI - The biceps femoris myocutaneous advancement flap: a useful modification for ischial pressure ulcer reconstruction. AB - We describe a modification of the biceps femoris myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of ischial pressure ulcer defects. In this modification, all neural and vascular pedicles are preserved and the flap is advanced into the ischial defect rather than transposed as described in the literature. With this method, no transferred tissue is lost. Besides ensuring good tissue survival, the flap preserves a maximum number of reconstructive options in the event of ischial pressure ulcer recurrence. These advantages make the biceps femoris myocutaneous advancement flap our first choice for reconstruction of ischial pressure ulcer defects. PMID- 7247256 TI - A simple device for hair removal in ear and nose surgery. PMID- 7247258 TI - Amoebiasis: a surgeon's view. AB - A small series of patients with amoebiasis presenting to the surgical service in Seychelles is described. The varied nature of the symptomatology indicates that this may be a local pattern of the disease process. The value of specific clinical features and the use of a therapeutic trial for diagnosis is emphasised. The features of common 'Third-World' diseases should be well known to all surgeons wherever they practise in view of the rapidity with which people can now travel from country to country. PMID- 7247257 TI - Pulmonary embolectomy re-evaluated. AB - Forty-two patients who had sustained massive pulmonary embolism were treated by emergency pulmonary embolectomy using normothermic venous inflow occlusion circulatory arrest. Of 26 patients who had not had cardiac arrest before surgery 25 survived the operation, but 7 later died from various causes. Only 1 of 16 patients who had sustained cardiac arrest survived. In all, 19 patients (45.2%) left hospital alive. This simple and widely applicable technique has enabled an emergency pulmonary embolectomy service to be offered to all the hospitals in a metropolitan area. PMID- 7247259 TI - The precise technique of end-to-side microvascular anastomosis with a suitable experimental model. AB - In order to perform extracranial to intracranial microrevascularisation a good end-to-side microvascular anastomosis technique is the first essential. The rabbit femoral vessels are similar in size to the human cortical branches of the middle meningeal artery and superficial temporal artery and an easy technique of end-to-side anastomosis of these vessels is described. This pays particular attention to proof of patency until the last stitch is applied. Assessment of patency in all three directions is checked by the directional Doppler or the electromagnetic flow probe. PMID- 7247260 TI - Charles Tomes Lecture, 1979. Experience gained from treating facial injuries due to civil unrest. AB - During the past 10 years of civil unrest in Northern Ireland a wide variety of facial injuries have been treated at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast. The causes and nature of these injuries are described and the experience gained in their management is reviewed. PMID- 7247261 TI - Preoperative assessment for outpatient anaesthesia. AB - Patients of all ages attending hospital for day-case surgery should undergo some form of routine screening by the anaesthetist before the induction of anaesthesia. A questionnaire is presented which can be recommended as an aid to identifying the patient with a more than normal risk, ensuring smoother anaesthesia with speedy and uneventful recovery and avoiding postponement of surgery in most cases. PMID- 7247262 TI - A burn formula in clinical practice. AB - In a retrospective review of the 10-year period 1969-78 the intravenous plasma loads given to patients admitted to one burn centre were studied and compared with the volumes predicted by the formula used at that centre. Of 1728 patients admitted 342 (19.8%) received intravenous resuscitation with plasma. The formula appeared to be a good empirical guide to transfusion needs in the 36 h after burning. Patients with burns in excess of 45% body surface area (BSA), and particularly children, were likely to require more fluid than that indicated by the formula estimate. However, as burns in excess of 50% BSA are uncommon (50/1728 admissions) it seems reasonable to use a formula which is a guide to the probable needs of most patients while accepting the clinical response as the best means of assessing the actual fluid need of each patient, especially those with extensive injury. PMID- 7247263 TI - A rational regimen for perioperative steroid supplements and a clinical assessment of the requirement. AB - Sixty-one patients with rheumatoid arthritis on long-term corticosteroid treatment were managed for 107 orthopaedic procedures using a flexible method of supplementary steroid cover. It was found that the amount actually required was surprisingly small and in 78% of the operations no postoperative supplements were given. There were no consistent factors which would predict a requirement for supplementary steroids in any particular individual. PMID- 7247264 TI - Fresh blood for massive transfusions. PMID- 7247265 TI - Cross-leg flap repair. PMID- 7247266 TI - Chest trauma in a developing country. AB - In a developing country with inadequate clinical facilities a conservative method of management of a major clinical problem is often the only rational approach. This policy was adopted in the management of 145 patients with chest trauma in a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Automobile accidents were the cause of the thoracic injuries in 73.1% of the patients; 71.7% of the patients were managed as in patients. The management of the patients was essentially aimed at correction of hypovolaemia, tube drainage of pleural collections, and relief of pain by intercostal nerve block. Major operative procedures were adopted in 11 cases (7.6%) for persistent haemothorax or for pyothorax, ruptured diaphragm, ruptured abdominal viscus, and subdural haematona. No operative reduction of rib fractures was performed and only 1 of the 12 patients with flail chest was mechanically ventilated. The hospital mortality was 9.7% and, despite a high rate of default at follow-up attendances, no late death or serious complication was recorded. Th aspects peculiar to chest trauma in Nigeria are discussed. PMID- 7247267 TI - Peptic ulceration and sigmoid volvulus in India. AB - The results of surgery in 126 patients with benign peptic ulceration and 57 with sigmoid volvulus presenting at a hospital in N India are discussed. Complications of ulceration, apart from stenosis, were rare and most patients underwent vagotomy and gastroenterostomy. Gangrenous sigmoid volvulus was mainly treated by resection and immediate anastomosis, while non-gangrenous volvulus was treated by colopexy. The aetiology of both conditions is discussed. PMID- 7247268 TI - Victor Bonney Lecture, 1980. Ovarian cancer--a gynaecological disorder? AB - Ovarian cancer is a disease of great complexity. The diagnosis is commonly delayed and the condition may present in a number of specialties other than gynaecology. Inappropriate primary treatment may seriously compromise the subsequent course. Modern surgical management involves extension beyond the traditional total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and 'under treatment' by both gynaecologists and general surgeons is common. A multimodal approach is highly desirable, both radiotherapy and chemotherapy having a defined role in management which is largely determined by the histopathology. In spite of modern diagnostic aids the diagnosis is all too frequently only achieved at laparotomy. A plea is made for the transfer of such patients to a gynaecological oncologist for definitive therapy if the primary physician or surgeon is unfamiliar with the full ramifications of the disease or with the range of therapeutic measures, including radical surgery if suitable. PMID- 7247269 TI - Intrathoracic manifestations of amoebiasis. AB - Thoracic symptoms were noted in 38 (86%) out of 44 patients with hepatic amoebiasis and dominated the clinical picture in 4 (9%), causing dangerous delay in initiating appropriate treatment. Thoracic amoebiasis characteristically presents as a febrile illness with cough, chest pain, and point tenderness in an intercostal space or the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Haemoptysis, diarrhoea, and dysentery are uncommon, occurring in approximately equal proportions (9%). The most important factor in clinical recognition is awareness of the possibility of the lesion. Chest radiography, serological tests, and therapeutic trials give corroborative evidence. In endemic areas thoracic amoebiasis should always be considered in the evaluation of obscure, especially right-sided, respiratory symptoms. PMID- 7247272 TI - Higher specialist training. PMID- 7247271 TI - Primary torsion of the omentum. AB - Primary torsion of the omentum is an uncommon cause of acute abdominal emergency. Five cases are reported and the English-language literature reviewed. PMID- 7247273 TI - Surgical careers: a suggestion. PMID- 7247270 TI - Foreign bodies in the respiratory tract. A review of forty-one cases. AB - The nature of inhaled foreign bodies in the respiratory tract and problems in their removal are reviewed with reference to experience in a series of 41 cases, 36 of them in children under 4 years old. Bronchoscopic removal under general anaesthesia is preferred to inhalational therapy and postural drainage. PMID- 7247274 TI - Cross-leg flap repair. PMID- 7247275 TI - Subcutaneous mastectomy with immediate prosthetic implantation. PMID- 7247277 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysms in a district general hospital. AB - The management of all patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms attending a district general hospital over a 6-year period is reviewed. The hazards of delaying surgical treatment are emphasised. An operative mortality of 12% for non leaking and 55.6% for leaking aneurysms is discussed with reference to other published results. Attention is drawn to the relatively high proportion of patients not undergoing surgical treatment. Some ways in which the mortality of the condition might be reduced are considered. PMID- 7247276 TI - The effect of surgery with carbohydrate infusion on circulating triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine. AB - The blood levels of thyrotrophin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) were measured in a group of patients undergoing cholecystectomy and receiving 2000 kcal of glucose daily throughout the study. TSH changes suggested a peroperative peak followed by a fall and subsequent rise. T4 showed no significant changes. T3 fell and rT3 rose postoperatively, with a highly significant fall in the T3/rT3 ratio (p less than 0.001). Surgery and carbohydrate deprivation separately result in similar changes. However, the demonstration of the changes after injury despite adequate carbohydrate intake strongly suggests that they are a primary response to surgery and not a secondary response to the normal consequential fall in caloric and carbohydrate intake. The changes could be an appropriate adaptation to the changed metabolic requirements. PMID- 7247278 TI - In-situ vein bypass: a modified technique. AB - The preliminary results and operative details are presented of a new way of undertaking an in-situ vein bypass in which the vein is distended by blood under arterial pressure before the valves are destroyed. The results are encouraging; 7 of the distal anastomoses were to small calf vessels and at a follow-up of at least 6 months 17 of 20 limbs are improved. PMID- 7247280 TI - 'Beehive on the bladder': a sign of colovesical fistula. AB - The 'beehive' sign on the bladder as seen in cystograms is valuable in diagnosing the presence of colovesical fistula and is invariably associated with the vesical end of the fistulous tract. PMID- 7247279 TI - Oesophageal manometry. Experience with the Arndorfer hydraulic-capillary infusion system. AB - The value of a new system for the performance of oesophageal pressure and motility studies incorporating a hydraulic-capillary infusion pump has been assessed in 100 patients presenting to a regional cardiothoracic surgical unit with oesophageal dysfunction. This system has many advantages over conventional methods for the routine clinical assessment of oesophageal function. PMID- 7247281 TI - Gastric stump carcinoma after surgery for gastroduodenal ulcer. AB - In a series of 2473 patients on whom operations of various types were carried out for gastroduodenal ulcer 32 (1.3%) developed a gastric stump carcinoma after Polya gastrectomy. Analysis of these patients shows that: (1) in patients undergoing gastrectomy stump cancer may develop more than 10 years after the initial operation; (2) partial gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy for duodenal ulcer is associated with the highest incidence of this complication; and (3) early diagnosis of the complication is of paramount importance for treatment and prognosis. PMID- 7247282 TI - Long saphenous vein stripping under local anaesthesia. AB - Stripping of the long saphenous vein under femoral nerve block has been preformed on 21 patients (27 limbs). There has been no complication from the nerve block and this form of anaesthesia was found acceptable to all patients in a subsequent questionnaire. PMID- 7247283 TI - Preoperative assessment for outpatient anaesthesia. PMID- 7247284 TI - Perioperative steroid supplements. PMID- 7247285 TI - Cross-leg flap repair. PMID- 7247286 TI - Radical versus modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer. AB - A prospective randomised trial (534 patients, 1969-75) was designed to determine whether radical mastectomy conferred advantages over modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer in terms of total survival, local recurrence, distant metastasis, and disease-free interval. The results showed no significant difference in outcome as regards these variables between the two treatments. PMID- 7247288 TI - Gordon-Taylor Lecture, 1980. Sir Gordon Gordon-Taylor: two themes illustrated by the surgery of the parotid salivary gland. AB - Personal experience in the management of calculi in the parotid duct and of parotid neoplasms is reviewed in the light of the teaching and practice of Sir Gordon Gordon-Taylor. PMID- 7247287 TI - Rehabilitation of the hand in tetraplegics. AB - Fifty cases of tetraplegia have been treated in the Spinal Cord Injury Centre, Military Hospital, Kirkee, during the past 4 years. Twelve patients have been treated by tendon transfer of the hand to give a pinch grip. They have been made more independent and can be rehabilitated better socially. This has been found better than using any splint continuously. PMID- 7247291 TI - The International Federation of Surgical Colleges, 1958-1980. PMID- 7247292 TI - A burn formula in clinical practice. PMID- 7247290 TI - Preparation of a Mastership thesis. AB - A detailed account is given of the mechanics of converting the manuscript results from a period of research into a thesis that is also a first-class, readable book. PMID- 7247289 TI - The exclusion pyloroplasty. AB - A modification of the standard Heinecke-Mickulicz pyloroplasty is described. This is particularly useful in the treatment of large posterosuperior duodenal ulcers with haemorrhage (and perforation) and excludes the ulcer crater from the new gastroduodenal channel. PMID- 7247293 TI - [Frequency of complications and radiotherapeutic progresses in Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247294 TI - [Computed tomography in the study of primary pleural tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247296 TI - [Osteosclerotic myeloma. Report on three cases and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247295 TI - [The double contrast small bowel enema: technical data, indications and results. A report of 300 examinations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247298 TI - [Routine enlarged angiography during 250 intravenous pyelographies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247297 TI - [Rise in the right kidney. A frequent abnormality in portal hypertension. A pathogenic theory (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247299 TI - [Involvement of the common bile duct in Hodgkin's disease: report of three cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247300 TI - [Colic duplication. Interest of a post-evacuation film (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247301 TI - [Atypical osteodystrophy of visceral origin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247303 TI - [Echocardiography in the diagnosis of diseases of the pericardium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247302 TI - [Bronchocentric granulomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247304 TI - [Functional anatomy and biomechanics of the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the thumb (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247305 TI - [The restoration of opposition of the thumb with the use of extensor pollicis longus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247307 TI - [Detection of digital ischemia by direct measurement of digital systolic blood pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247306 TI - [Sensory reeducation of the hand after peripheral nerve lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247308 TI - [Place of the medio-patellar plica in the pathology of the knee. Report on 172 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247309 TI - [False indications and defect of osteosynthesis in child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247310 TI - [Transtumoral intubation for malignant obstruction of the hepatic duct junction. Report on thirty-six cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247311 TI - [Principles and advantages of intracaecal appendicectomy in child. Report on 250 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247312 TI - [Complications of T tube drainage. Four observations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247313 TI - [Tiapride as an anesthetic premedication agent (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247314 TI - [Rectal actinomycosis. Study on a pseudo-neoplastic tumoral germ (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247315 TI - [Interest and limits of using a Doppler effect instrument in peripheric vascular surgery. Evaluation of a ten years experience (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247316 TI - [Left splanchnicectomy by retro-tuberositar abdominal approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247317 TI - [Mechanical anastomosis of the rectum with the EEA stapling device. A sixty cases appraisal (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247318 TI - [Acute peritonitis as a complication of Crohn's disease of the colon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247319 TI - [Paralysis of the femoral nerve complicating iliopsoas hemorrhage after iliac bone transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247320 TI - Excretion of urinary phosphate and magnesium on three diets in patients with urolithiasis. AB - The effects of standard mineral, free, and low calcium -- low oxalate diets on the urinary excretion of phosphate and magnesium were studied in 153 consecutive patients with single or recurrent renal or ureteric stones. The patients were divided in to four groups: 78 men with single stones (MS), 40 men with recurrent stones (MR), 30 women with single stones (WS) and five women with recurrent stones (WR). Men excreted significantly more phosphate and magnesium in the urine than women. The excretion of urinary phosphate and magnesium varied most for MS and least for WS. The high excretion of urinary phosphate on free diet together with infected urine probably accounted for the formation of stone in women with recurrent stones. The role of the dietary prevention of calcium urolithiasis was discussed. PMID- 7247321 TI - Prophylactic methenamine hippurate or nitrofurantoin in patients with an indwelling urinary catheter. AB - One hundred and twenty three elderly patients without urinary tract infection who required an indwelling urinary catheter because of cerebrovascular disease were divided into three groups. One was given methenamine hippurate (MH), one nitrofurantoin (NF), while a control group received no prophylactic urinary tract disinfectant. Catheter complications, symptomatic urinary tract infections and the clinical course were recorded. At regular intervals bacteria were cultured from the urine, tests were made for antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) and routine laboratory investigations were performed. NF significantly delayed the appearance of ACB; however, it did not prevent their appearance if a catheter was used for more than two months, by which time ACB were present in most patients irrespective of treatment. MH had less effect on the bacteriological findings, although it significantly decreased the need for antibiotic courses given for treatment of symptomatic urinary tract infections. In both MH- and NF-groups there were fewer patients with mechanical catheter complications. Forty seven patients died, generally due to cerebrovascular disease, and 22 autopsies were performed. Gross inflammatory changes in the urinary tract were commonly found at autopsy in all groups if a catheter had been used for more than two weeks. A positive test for ACB considerably increased the probability of inflammatory changes in the kidneys, but because of the frequency of such changes after prolonged use of an indwelling catheter, the test does not seem to offer much advantage as a guideline for therapy. Prophylactic urinary tract disinfectants may not be warranted in all patients with an indwelling catheter. If, however, recurrent clinical complications such as clogging of the catheter or symptomatic infection occur, continuous use of a urinary tract disinfectant is indicated. MH is preferred because it has fewer side effects than NF. PMID- 7247322 TI - Serum levels of doxycycline during and after thoracic operation. AB - 20 patients who underwent thoracotomy and lung operations mainly for lung cancer, were given oral doxycycline (DC) 100-4-- mg the previous evening. Blood samples were taken for the fluorometric assay of DC before the anaesthetic, during the operation, and 2-3 hours postoperatively. Serum DC levels during the operation correlated approximately with the dose of DC, and they were parallel to the DC concentrations measured in pulmonary or/and bronchial tissue, 11 out of 20 patients showed elevated serum DC levels during recovery, non-specific fluorescence being excluded. This phenomenon was ot seen in experiments with rabbits in which the decline of the blood DC levels was assessed after the intravenous injection of DC. Possible causes for elevated serum DC are discussed. PMID- 7247324 TI - Achilles tendon thickness in hypercholesterolaemia. AB - The maximum thickness of the achilles tendon was measured by radiographic technique in twenty-six hypercholesterolaemic patients and thirty-four controls. There were thirteen patients with diagnostic criteria of familial hypercholesterolaemia. All achilles tendons except one of the familial hypercholesterolaemic patients were thicker than normal, but in the non familial hypercholesterolaemic group the thickness of achilles tendons was within normal limits. Achilles tendon thickness and age were positively correlated in II A familial type patients, but not in controls or in the non-familial group. A strongly positive correlation between Achilles tendon thickness and the age multiplied by the serum cholesterol level was seen in familial type II A patients. The Achilles tendon thickness and serum HDL-cholesterol concentration were not correlated. The radiographic measurement of Achilles tendon thickness seems to be a useful procedure for detecting familial hypercholesterolaemia. PMID- 7247323 TI - The clinical and endocrine evaluation of a pubertal boy with incomplete male pseudohermaphroditism type 1. AB - Serum LH, FSH, prolactin, oestradiol, testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, androsterone, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and cortisol concentrations were measured in a pubertal boy suffering from gynaecomastia. At birth he had hypospadias, a scrotal anomaly, an abnormally small penis and unilateral cryptorchidism. At puberty, a small ejaculate volume with normal sperm concentration was recorded. Under basal conditions the serum concentrations of testosterone, oestradiol, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and androsterone were clearly above normal, and they were not suppressed by dexamethasone as was the serum cortisol, which also showed normal diurnal variation. This suggested that the overproduction of sex steroids was of testicular origin. The serum LH was also elevated under basal conditions, while the serum FSH was in the reference range. The serum LH was not suppressed by ethinyl oestradiol administration, as the serum FSH was. The clinical observations and endocrine data are interpreted as indicating a partial failure in androgen action, responsible for the genital abnormalities observed and the deficiency in the hypothalamo-pituitary regulation of gonadotropin secretion, and are indicative of the findings described in connection with an unusual form of incomplete male pseudohermaphroditism type 1. PMID- 7247325 TI - Recent trends in the mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular diseases. AB - The trend of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during the recent decades is traced. The standardized death rate for ischaemic heart disease had increased, for cerebrovascular disease it has remained stable and for hypertensive, pulmonary and symptomatic heart diseases it has declined. If the number of hospital admission is taken to be indicative of the prevalence of the disease in the community, then the prevalence rates of not only ischaemic heart disease but also hypertensive, pulmonary and symptomatic heart diseases have risen. The sex, age and ethnic characteristics of deaths and patients with different cardiovascular diseases are also presented and discussed. PMID- 7247326 TI - Smoking and blood pressure among adults in Singapore. AB - In a nationwide survey of blood pressures in Singapore, the prevalence of current smoking was estimated at about 27% for all persons aged 20 years and above. There is male predominance of 5:1, with the peak age among them at 40-49 years. The majority are cigarette smokers; with mean daily consumption at 16.1 for males and 10.7 for females. The study has shown no significant differences in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures between cigarette smokers and non-smokers at every age-group from 20 to 69 years. There is also no higher prevalence of hypertension among smokers. These findings confirm various other epidemiological studies, especially those in the West where smoking is at a much higher level. Smoking as a risk factor in ischaemic heart distance cannot, therefore, be attributed to its long-term effects on the blood pressure. It is also not likely to be a cause of essential hypertension. PMID- 7247327 TI - Two dimensional echocardiography in valvular heart disease. AB - From October 1, 1979 to June 30, 1980, 890 2D echocardiographic examinations were performed. Of these, 221 showed valvular lesions with predominant rheumatic aetiology. The valvular lesions encountered were pure mitral stenosis, pure mitral insufficiency, mixed mitral stenosis and insufficiency, aortic incompetence, aortic stenosis, mitral valve prolapse and left atrial thrombus. It is concluded that 2D echo imaging should in due time provide the "gold standard" for the evaluation of valvular lesions. PMID- 7247328 TI - Sensitivity of echocardiography in the diagnosis of mitral stenosis and in the assessment of its severity. AB - The sensitivity of M-mode echocardiography in the diagnosis of mitral stenosis and in the assessment of its severity was determined in 85 patients with pure mitral stenosis. This technique was 100% sensitive in diagnosing mitral stenosis (MS). It is highly sensitive in the assessment of severity in those with severe MS. However, in mild and moderate MS, its sensitivity is low. Other echocardiographic parameters should be considered in the assessment of severity of MS. PMID- 7247329 TI - Infective endocarditis 1968-1977: an Asian experience. AB - The clinical pattern of infective endocarditis as seen in 101 patients at the University Hospital in Kuala Lumpur from 1968 to 1977 is reviewed. There were 60 males and 41 females. Majority of the patients were between 10-40 years of age. The most frequent underlying heart disease was rheumatic valvular disease (69%). Endocarditis was most frequent when aortic and mitral valve disease co-existed. Other than one patient who had candida endocarditis on a Bjork Shiley valve, the other patients had congenital heart disease. Patent ductus arteriosus was the commonest congenital heart disease. Microorganisms were identified in 77 patients. Streptococcus species was the commonest, followed by streptococcus aureus. The clinical features included fever, splenomegaly, petechial haemorrhages, finger clubbing, heart failure, peripheral and pulmonary emboli and neurological lesions. On adequate antibiotic therapy the hospital mortality was 22.7%. Most of the deaths were due to major cardiac or neurological complications. PMID- 7247330 TI - Controlling risk factors in cardiovascular diseases. AB - In response to community demands to do something about the highest rates of cardiovascular diseases in the world that were found in the country of North Karelia, Finland, a comprehensive community control programme was set up in 1972. The main objective was to reduce the high rates by reducing level of smoking, serum cholesterol and blood pressure. The success of the programme was evaluated by examining independent representative population samples in 1972 and in 1977 in North Karelia and a matched control county. A decrease in the individual risk factors was found among the population aged 25-29 at the outset. This reduction was mainly based on favourable changes in lifestyle that took place through the whole community. In low as well as in high socioeconomic groups risk factor reductions occurred. At the same time morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases fell in North Karelia. The intensified health education was not accompanied by adverse emotional or psychosomatic reactions that could be measured. Since there are results from a series of experimental and controlled studies on success of risk factor reduction, this evidence should be used in development and implementation of prevention programmes for cardiovascular diseases. Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases today requires efficient programmes because they are forming the leading cause of death in majority of the countries where reliable mortality statistics are available. PMID- 7247331 TI - Clinical aspects of treadmill exercise testing. AB - A study is made of 525 consecutive treadmill exercise tests. Horizontal or downsloping ST segment depression of 1 mm or more was considered or ischaemic response. A systolic blood pressure exceeding 200 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure exceeding 100 mm Hg during or after exercise was defined as a hypertensive response. An ischemic response was found in 48 subjects. In this group, 7 (15%) had previous myocardial infarction, 10 (21%) had minor ischaemic changes in the resting electrocardiogram. Twenty-eight (58%) complained of precordial pain or discomfort. A hypertensive response occurred in 101 subjects. Thirty-eight of them had precordial pain or discomfort. The resting blood pressure was elevated in 52, borderline in 32, and normal in 17 subjects. Cardiac arrhythmias were detected in 53 patients. Other abnormalities detected included 3 cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 1 case of post exercise bronchospasm due to propranolol. PMID- 7247332 TI - Surgical management of ventricular septal defect in infancy. AB - Symptomatic ventricular septal defects in infants who responded poorly to intensive medical therapy require surgical intervention. This paper aims to compare the results of the two stage approach of initial pulmonary artery banding followed by debanding and ventricular septal defect closure with primary intracardiac repair in infancy. Thirty-six infants underwent pulmonary artery banding between 1968-1979 with two operative deaths (5.6%). Eighteen patients underwent pulmonary artery debanding and closure of ventricular septal defect between 1971-1979 with five operative deaths (25.6%). However during 1978-1979 ten patients underwent 2nd stage repair with no operative death. During the same period primary intracardiac repair in infancy was carried out in nine infants with three operative deaths (33.3%). There appears to be still a place for two stage treatment of symptomatic ventricular-septal defect in critically ill infants certain situation. PMID- 7247334 TI - Myocardial infarction with angiographically normal coronary arteries. AB - Acute myocardial infarction without obstruction of the coronary arteries is uncommon. The clinical course of a 32 year old patient with documented acute inferior and anterior wall infarctions is described. Selective coronary arteriography performed 23 months later revealed no obstruction of the coronary arteries angiographically. Probable pathologic mechanism are discussed. PMID- 7247333 TI - Surgery for mitral restenosis. AB - Four hundred and twenty-five patients underwent mitral valvotomy between 1960 and 1979, the majority by the closed method. Thirty-two patients required another operation for mitral restenosis. There was high incidence of reoperation after the 6th and 7th years (23.3%) and after the 9th and 10th years (26.4%) postoperatively. Sixteen patients (47%) with restenosis underwent a second closed mitral valvotomy with a satisfactory result, 12 patients (35.4%) required valve replacement, and 6 patients (17.6%) had an open valvotomy. Another valvotomy for pure mitral restenosis can give satisfactory results, but where the valve is severely deformed or incompetent, valve replacement is preferred. PMID- 7247335 TI - An episode of trichloroethylene poisoning. AB - Trichloroethylene is commonly used in industry as a solvent and degreasing agent. An incident is described in which 14 out of 23 workers using trichloroethylene to clean machine parts in an electronics factory suffered symptoms of poisoning, including fainting in 3. Subsequent investigation showed the widespread use of trichloroethylene in that factory; containers of the chemical were also kept exposed. Industrial hygiene assessments revealed vapour levels which exceeded the permissible limit. The implementation of control measures brought the vapour levels to below 50 ppm, a safe level. PMID- 7247336 TI - [Convergence and reciprocal coupling of hypothalamic monoaminergic and peptidergic neurons (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247337 TI - [Sertoli cells and organogenesis of the fetal testis (author's transl)]. AB - In previous papers (1, 2), it was shown that in the rat fetus, testicular differentiation begins 13 days after fertilization, in the depth of the primordium near to mesonephric tubules. A few cells swell and differentiate into Sertoli cells which encompass the germ cells. In the meantime they delineate locally one part of the contour of the developing seminiferous cord, which is completed by the recruitment of new cells during the next hours. Under the electron microscope the differentiation of the Sertoli cells involves cytoplasmic and organelles changes, typical junctions and microfilaments toward the external surface of the seminiferous cord. Testicular differentiation can be obtained in vitro in cultures made in a synthetic medium without or with addition of chick embryo extract. Fetal calf serum prevents the organogenesis of the sex cords or produces the disintegration of those already differentiation (on day 14). These data clearly underline some of the cellular processes involved in the differentiation of the seminiferous cords. PMID- 7247339 TI - [Effect of thyroid function on ketogenesis (author's transl)]. AB - Thyroid hormone effects have been studied in both rats and human. In rats ketone body levels are increased by thyroid hormone excess at the initial phase of starvation. Glucose levels are also increased at the initial and late phase of starvation. Ketone bodies production of isolated liver cells from thyroidectomized fed rats (14 +/- 0,2 muMol/g/h) are decreased when compared with cells from thyroidectomized fed rats treated with triiodothyronine 63 +/- 3 muMol/g/h). These changes are related to a direct effect of T3. Ketone bodies levels are increased in Grave's diseases. The increase is significantly correlated to thyroid hormone levels. PMID- 7247340 TI - A comparative study of body composition of urban and rural Japanese boys 12 to 14 years old. AB - Whole body counting of potassium-40 and anthropometric measurements were done on 88 urban and rural Japanese boys 12 to 14 years of age. The log-normal distribution provided a good fit to the observed data of potassium content in both groups. The urban and rural boys did not differ significantly in age, weight, body and sitting height, chest and abdomen circumferences, antero posterior diameter of chest and abdomen, and grip strength. On the other hand, the mean potassium content, K/body weight, K/fat-free mass and estimated upper arm muscle circumference were significantly greater in rural boys. Skinfold thickness and percentage fat were significantly greater in urban boys. In a regression analysis estimating whole body potassium from anthropometric variables, body weight and skinfold thickness were the most significant variables, accounting for 85.2% of the total variation. Estimation errors were smaller in the rural than in the urban group. Factor analysis was used to identify the factors which could explain the items measuring body composition and strength. Factor 1, in which potassium content and grip strength are the most important items, was designated as the 'Muscular Factor', and Factor 2, in which skinfold thickness and upper-arm circumference are the most significant items, was designated as the 'Fatness Factor'. The factor scores of rural subjects were scattered in a considerably narrower range than those of urban subjects. PMID- 7247338 TI - [Disorders of sexual differentiation in infants and children. Physiopathological studies (author's transl)]. AB - A series of 100 cases is presented : 34 female and 66 male pseudohermaphrodites (MPH). Plasma levels of testosterone (T) and its precursors have been made in basal conditions and in the MPHs after hCG stimulation test. In spite of detailed hormonal, anatomical and chromosomal studies no etiological diagnosis was made in about half the MPHs. In 45% of those, the response to hCG was inadequate suggesting that ambiguous development of the genital ducts, urogenital sinus and external genitalia is associated with a wide spectrum of defective testicular gonadogenesis. The endocrine function of these dysgenetic testes may worsen with age. Determination of T and several of its precursors is essential for the correct diagnosis of inborn errors in testicular biosynthesis which was made thrice by systematic study of so-called simple hypospadias. It is suggested that systematic hormonal study should be made in all children, and preferably newborn, with ambiguous genitalia associated with micropenis or bilateral cryptorchidism. PMID- 7247341 TI - Some anthropometric and functional dimensions of the pygmy (Kivu Twa). AB - At the Institut pour la Recherche Scientifique en Afrique Centrale (I.R.S.A.C.), Station of Lwiro on Lake Kivu, Republic of Zaire, anthropometric and spirometric measurements were made on 25 male members of a pygmy clan, living the traditional hunter-gatherer's life on the slopes of the Mitumba mountain range. The response of 15 men to graded exercise was tested on a bicycle ergometer. The morphology of the Kivu Twa was in agreement with that described for pygmies in the same general area. Blood pressure was extremely low, 99/64 (SD +/- 12/11) mm Hg, and was not affected by age. Lung volumes were small compared to those of Europeans, and fitted well the standards for the 'Bantu' in South Africa. The vital capacity of adult men was 3.183 (SD +/- 0.151)l and the one-second forced expiratory volume 2.558 (SD +/- 0.11)l. Their cardiovascular response to increasing physical work loads was similar to that of other population samples in Central Africa and quite close to those of the Equator Twa. The maximum aerobic power, calculated indirectly, was small, 1.957 (SD +/- 0.158)l/min, but when expressed per kg body weight was 42.5 (SD +/- 5.2) ml min-1 kg-1, comparable to that of many other populations. PMID- 7247342 TI - Genetic variation in Cumbrians. AB - Regional variation in the genetic constitution of the Cumbrian population is demonstrated in a survey of blood groups, red cell enzymes, and secretor status in a large sample of schoolchildren. In particular, the south and centre appear to be distinct from the remainder of Cumbria, but in different directions. The features of the central Lake District, tending towards gene frequencies observed in Norway, suggest that it may be a region in which the presence of a relict population is still detectable. PMID- 7247343 TI - Variations in body dimensions in relation to altitude among the Sherpas of the eastern Himalayas. AB - A biomedical study was undertaken on the Sherpas of Upper Khumbu (3500-4500m), Nepal, and their migrant counterparts in the lower altitudes (1000-1500m) of Kalimpong subdivision, Darjeeling district, West Bengal, to study the impact of altitude on human biological characteristics in this Himalayan population, following the basic design of the IBP/Human Adaptability Panel. The results of the anthropometric survey of the adults (234 males and 169 females) are presented here. The high-altitude Sherpas of both sexes have significantly higher values than their low-altitude counterparts for most of the length, breadth and girth measurements, weight, cormic index, weight/stature ratio, weight/(stature)2 ratio, chest/stature ratio, surface area and body fat. PMID- 7247344 TI - Relationship between cigarette smoking, chest size and body size in health screened adult males. AB - Previous investigations have shown that chest dimensions and pulmonary function are positively correlated in healthy individuals. It is not known, however, whether the pulmonary effects of cigarette smoking may modify chest size during adulthood. The present study used cross-sectional data from 1557 healthy male participants in the Normative Aging Study of the Veterans Administration Outpatient Clinic, Boston. Because elastic recoil of the lung is decreased in cigarette smokers, we hypothesized that chest circumference would increase while chest expandability would decrease in these individuals. Preliminary analyses showed that smokers differed from non-smokers and former smokers in age, weight and fatness. For this reason, associations of chest dimensions with smoking status were evaluated after statistical correction for age and body size. With men of all ages grouped, chest expansion of smokers was significantly lower than non-smokers, but their chest size and shape were similar. When covariance analyses were performed separately for men under 50 and over 50 years, older smokers were characterized by slightly larger chests than non-smokers or former smokers, though there was no difference among younger men. Results of this study indicate that external chest dimensions of cigarette smokers reflect the pulmonary changes they experience, and demonstrate that a portion of the increased variability in chest measurements seen in older individuals is attributable to cigarette smoking. PMID- 7247345 TI - A developmental approach to the interpretation of dermatoglyphic data from Papua New Guinea and the Faroe Islands. AB - This study examines the influence of pattern intensity index (PII) on total ridge count (TRC) and the mean ridge count of whorls and ulnar loops. The date are principally finger print ridge counts and pattern types of 1005 Papua New Guineans (608 Waskia speakers from Karkar Island and 397 Yagaria speakers for Lufa sub District). In addition, in order to test whether some of the findings also apply to a dermatoglyphically very different population, data from a sample of 297 Faroe Islanders are analysed. The well known increase in TRC with PII is principally attributed to an increase in the mean ridge count of both whorls and ulnar loops, not as might be supposed to the increase in the proportion of whorls (overall the larger pattern type). The ratio of the larger ridge count to the smaller one provides a measure of whorl symmetry, which appears to increase with PII. The results are interpreted in terms of, and are in support of, the developmental hypothesis of dermatoglyphics reviewed by Mulvihill and Smith (1969). PMID- 7247346 TI - Hallucal ridge counts in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome. AB - Ridges counts of the whorls, distal loops and tibial loops of the hallucal patterns of 85 Klinefelter's syndrome patients (47,XXY) were undertaken. Comparison with counts from normal male and female controls showed that the whorls and distal loops of the Klinefelter's patients had significantly fewer ridges, if the ridge count was limited to the tibial side of the patterns. These findings are in contrast with those of Turner's syndrome cases, in which the hallucal patterns have greater ridge counts than normal subjects. As a result, it is suspected that deficiency or excess of the X chromosome affects the hallucal ridge count as well as the ridge counts of fingers and palms. PMID- 7247347 TI - Skeletal maturity of well-off children in Chandigarh, North India. AB - Attained mean heights, weights and skeletal maturity assessed by the TW2 method of well-off North Indian (Chandigarh) children ranging in age from 6 years to 12 years (96 girls) and 14 years (202 boys), were compared with British Standards. The mean height of girls remained close to the 50th centile and their weights to the 25th centile. Boys' mean heights and weights were close to the 50th centile up to age 9 years; later they slowly shifted to the 25th. Girls' RUS skeletal maturity remained between the 50th and 75th centiles of the British standards while boys, though having a tendency to be advanced at certain ages, were practically at par with the British 50th centile. The pattern of carpal maturity was different; girls reached full carpal maturity at the same age as British girls, but boys showed retardation. PMID- 7247348 TI - The effects of age grouping on the estimate of a correlation coefficient. PMID- 7247349 TI - Climate and anthropometric variations in Europe and the Mediterranean area. AB - Fourteen anthropometric measurements collected among 85 European, North African and Middle Eastern populations have been studied with respect to eight climatic variables through zero-order correlations and multiple stepwise regressions. The average contribution of climate to the total variance of physical features between populations is 35%. The most important correlations of postcranial body measurements and nasal index are with the extremes of heat and dryness, while the head measurements are more sensitive to extremes of cold and moisture. The overall results indicate that these populations follow the zoological rules of Bergmann and Allen. PMID- 7247350 TI - Comparative in vitro susceptibility of yeasts to amphotericin B and three methyl ester derivatives. AB - The in vitro antifungal activities of two N-aminoacyl derivatives of amphotericin B methyl ester (AME) were compared by tube dilution with those of amphotericin B and AME, using 60 isolates representing 10 yeast species. A total of 70% of the strains were inhibited by concentrations of the N-aminoacyl AME derivatives that were within a twofold dilution of the amphotericin B or AME minimum inhibitory concentration. The fungicidal activity of the N-aminoacyl AME derivatives was 3- to 16-fold lower than that of amphotericin B for 8 of 10 species. A considerable spectrum of antifungal activity was observed for N-aminoacyl derivatives of AME, which represents a new class of water-soluble polyene antibiotics. PMID- 7247351 TI - Antibacterial activity of fortimicin A compared with those of five other aminoglycosides, and factors affecting susceptibility tests. AB - Fortimicin A, a pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside, was found to have broad spectrum activity against most clinically important aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, some other Pseudomonas species, and streptococci. It was comparable to amikacin in its level of activity (minimum inhibitory concentrations) and spectrum of activity (except for the lack of activity on P. aeruginosa). Fortimicin A was bactericidal and was affected by cations when tested against P. aeruginosa. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were affected by the inoculum used in the susceptibility test. The drug was resistant to most aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes, but probably is not active against permeability mutants. PMID- 7247352 TI - Sensitive radioimmunoassay for vancomycin. AB - A radioimmunoassay for vancomycin has been developed which uses rabbit antiserum induced by vancomycin-bovine serum albumin conjugates and vancomycin labeled with 3H or 125I. Using either isotope, the method is simple and reproducible and has a sensitivity of 4 or 0.04 ng/ml, depending on the tracer used. This is 200- to 20,000-fold improvement in sensitivity compared with the most sensitive bioassay. Drug levels in serum or urine samples from patients receiving vancomycin can be determined by this assay procedure without processing. The data obtained with 3H and 125I labels were in good agreement. Patients' plasma vancomycin concentrations determined by radioimmunoassay correlated well with those determined by bioassay when the drug was administered intravenously. However, after oral administration the drug could be detected only by radioimmunoassay. The antiserum was evaluated for cross-reactivity with a wide variety of antibiotics and cancer chemotherapeutic agents, and no significant interference was found. PMID- 7247353 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility of Capnocytophaga. AB - Capnocytophaga (Bacteroides ochraceus, Center for Disease Control biogroup DF-1) is associated with sepsis in granulocytopenic patients and is isolated in large numbers from the affected periodontal pockets in patients with juvenile periodontosis. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of 17 antimicrobial agents for 13 strains of Capnocytophaga organisms were determined. In addition, the ratio of the MBC to the MIC for each antimicrobial agent was determined for each strain. At concentrations of 1 microgram/ml or less, penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin killed 90% of the strains. At concentrations of 3.12 microgram/ml or less, tetracycline, metronidazole, cefoxitin, and chloramphenicol killed 90% of the strains. None of the aminoglycosides tested demonstrated antibacterial activity at 50 microgram/ml. Penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, and cefoxitin exhibited MBC/MIC ratios of 4 or less with all strains. Erythromycin, tetracycline, and metronidazole exhibited MBC/MIC ratios of 4 or less for 12 of 13 strains. The MICs of cephalothin and cefazolin for 90% of the strains were 25 and 50 microgram/ml, respectively. The MBC/MIC ratios for these drugs were 4 or less for 12 of 13 and 7 of 13 strains, respectively. The MIC of cefamandole for 90% of the strains was 3.12 microgram/ml; however, only nine strains had an MBC/MIC ratio of 4 or less. PMID- 7247355 TI - Grahamimycins: antibiotics from Cytospora sp. Ehrenb. W.F.P.L. 13A. AB - Aerobic fermentation of cultures of Cytospora sp. Ehrenb. W.F.P.L. 13A produces a group of novel, broad-spectrum, dilactone, macrocyclic antibiotics. These compounds, named grahamimycins, were isolated from the culture medium by extraction with organic solvents and separated by chromatography. Three active components have been obtained in crystalline form and have been designated grahamimycins A, A1, and B. The most active of these, grahamimycin A, exhibited activity against 36 species of bacteria, 8 species of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), and 2 species of green algae, and antifungal activity against 5 fungi. Studies on the growth of the Cytospora with respect to formation of antibiotic activity, and the isolation, characterization, and structure elucidation of the grahamimycins are described. These studies indicate that the grahamimycins are distinct from other known antibiotics and represent a new class of antibiotic structures. PMID- 7247354 TI - Amikacin and gentamicin accumulation pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity in critically ill patients. AB - Twenty-five critically ill adults receiving blood level-adjusted doses of amikacin were prospectively studied with serum, urine, and, when possible, tissue amikacin concentrations. These data were fitted to a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Prolonged urine collections or postmortem tissues (or both) were used to confirm predicted tissue accumulation. Nephrotoxicity was also investigated. Patients were defined as having renal damage if they showed an increase in serum creatinine of greater than 0.5 mg/100 ml, an increase in urine beta 2-microglobulin of greater than 50 mg/day, and presence of urinary casts of greater than 500/ml. Renal damage was attributed to amikacin if there was, in addition to the above, tissue accumulation of amikacin of greater than 600 mg. These patients were matched with 25 patients treated with gentamicin during the same time period. There were no statistical differences between the gentamicin- and amikacin-treated patients in age, sex, weight, base-line creatinine clearance, concurrent cephalosporins or diuretics, treatment duration, site of infection, normalized (amikacin/gentamicin dosing ratio of 3:1) total dose, mortality, or tissue accumulation. More amikacin-treated patients (19 of 25) than gentamicin-treated patients (9 of 25) received prior aminoglycosides (P less than 0.01). The only pharmacokinetic parameter that differed between amikacin and gentamicin was a greater K21 for gentamicin. Nephrotoxicity was observed in 4 gentamicin was a greater K21 for gentamicin. Nephrotoxicity was observed in 4 gentamicin-treated patients (16%) and 5 amikacin-treated patients (20%). At a 3:1 dosing ratio, there were no significant differences between amikacin and gentamicin two-compartment pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxic potential in matched critically ill patients, but the trend of these data showed greater amikacin tissue accumulation. However, at an amikacin/gentamicin dosing ratio of 4:1, their tissue accumulation potential appeared to be almost identical. PMID- 7247356 TI - Experimental intraabdominal candidiasis in rabbits: therapy with low-total-dose intravenous amphotericin B. AB - By using a recently developed rabbit model, we examined the efficacy of relatively low-total-dose intravenous amphotericin B (Am-B; 7 to 14 mg/kg) in the treatment of intraabdominal candidiasis due to Candida albicans. Forty-eight percent of the rabbits developed evidence of hematogenously disseminated infection (Candida endophthalmitis) before therapy. By day 7 of therapy, there was a significant decrease in the mean log10 colony-forming units per gram of peritoneal abscess in comparison with both pretherapy cultures and concomitantly sacrificed controls (no Am-B treatment; P less than 0.25). By day 11 of therapy, peritoneal abscesses were sterilized by Am-B, whereas control rabbit cultures remained positive. In contrast, low-dose Am-B therapy produced no significant decrease in colony-forming units per gram of renal or chorioretinal abscess in rabbits which developed hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. Serum Am-B levels approached or exceeded the minimal fungistatic concentrations for this C. albicans strain in most animals tested. Low-dose Am-B was effective in eradicating intraabdominal candidiasis, but was not curative when extraperitoneal dissemination occurred. PMID- 7247357 TI - Evaluation of cefoxitin nephrotoxicity in experimentally induced renal failure. AB - The nephrotoxicity of cefoxitin was studied in a rat model of impaired renal function. Two levels of renal impairment were produced: "moderate," with blood urea concentrations of 100 to 150 mg/100 ml (16.7 to 25.1 mmol/liter) and glomerular filtration rates 25 to 35% of normal, and "severe," with blood urea concentrations greater than 150 mg/100 ml (greater than 25.1 mmol/liter) and glomerular filtration rates 10 to 20% of normal. Sham-operated animals were used as controls. Three dose schedules of cefoxitin were administered to these controls--500, 1,000, and 2,500 mg/kg per day administered as a divided dose for 5 days. Doses given to the moderately and severely uremic animals were adjusted so that serum levels of cefoxitin were similar to those attained in the sham operated control animals. Concentrations of urea and creatinine in blood, glomerular filtration rates, and the urinary concentrating capacities of the experimental animals were monitored before and after cefoxitin treatment. There was no evidence of nephrotoxicity in even the most challenging experiment, in which blood serum levels of cefoxitin reached 2,000 microgram/ml in animals, with 15% renal function. These findings support available clinical data, suggesting that cefoxitin can be administered safely to patients with compromised renal function. PMID- 7247358 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium fortuitum to cefoxitin. AB - The in vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium fortuitum to cefoxitin was studied by agar dilution, broth dilution, and disk diffusion methods. Of 13 isolates, 11 were found to be susceptible by disk diffusion. At a concentration of 25 microgram/ml or lower, all 13 isolates were inhibited when tested by broth dilution, but only 12 of 13 isolates were inhibited when tested by agar dilution. PMID- 7247359 TI - Antibacterial and antifungal activities of benzimidazole and benzoxazole derivatives. AB - The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of six benzimidazole and benzoxazole derivatives were tested against standard strains and 59 clinical isolates. Of the six compounds, only compounds II and III (both benzoxazoles) were active, whereas the rest were devoid of any activity. Considerable growth inhibition of all of the standard strains, including fungi and gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, resulted when they were treated with these compounds. Fifty-nine clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were tested for susceptibility to the two compounds. The most susceptible were the S. aureus isolates. The two compounds were of comparable activity against all of the isolates, with compound III showing a slightly higher activity than compound II. Their respective minimal inhibitory concentrations for 90% inhibition of S. aureus were 25 and 50 microgram/ml. The gram-negative bacteria were resistant to the two compounds and required minimal inhibitory concentrations of 200 microgram/ml for a similar degree of inhibition. PMID- 7247360 TI - Resistance among fecal flora of patients taking sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim or trimethoprim alone. AB - Because of the widespread occurrence of resistance to sulfonamides among Enterobacteriaceae, some researchers have suggested using trimethoprim (TMP) alone instead of the combination sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) in treating infections with TMP-susceptible organisms. To answer whether SMX-TMP suppresses the emergence of resistant organisms compared with TMP alone, quantitative fecal cultures were made for total and TMP-resistant organisms before, during, and after SMX-TMP (800/160 mg twice a day) or TMP (200 or 100 mg twice a day) was given to 48 patients for 4 weeks in a prospective, randomized study. All three regimens left anaerobes intact and reduced the total aerobic coliform fecal flora by approximately 4 logs throughout the 4-week treatment period. In 11 of 19 (58%) patients taking TMP 200 mg twice daily, TMP-resistant organisms emerged or increased during therapy (P less than 0.01, compared with none of the 12 controls), whereas in only 4 of 18 (22%) patients on SMX-TMP did TMP-resistant organisms increase. These TMP-resistant organisms increased by less than 1 log and were predominantly Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species. In only one instance did an SMX-TMP-resistant Escherichia coli strain emerge after 4 weeks of SMX-TMP therapy. The slight increase in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species seen with TMP alone in this study raises a potential risk of giving TMP alone in settings where these organisms may cause serious infections, as in immunosuppressed patients. PMID- 7247361 TI - Activity of a new cephalosporin antibiotic, Ro 13-9904 against dense populations of selected enterobacteria. AB - Ro 13-9904 is a new cephalosporin antibiotic with a wide spectrum of activity similar to that of cefotaxime and some other newer beta-lactam compounds. In the present study, the response to Ro 13-9904 of 13 strains of enterobacteria, selected on the basis of differential patterns of susceptibility to beta-lactam agents, was investigated. The new cephalosporin displayed high intrinsic activity against most of the enterobacteria tested, but a group of Klebsiella and Hafnia alvei strains was identified against which Ro 13-9904 (and cefotaxime) exhibited reduced activity. Investigation of these strains revealed several different types of response to Ro 13-9904 and cefotaxime. Although such "difficult" strains represent a small minority of clinical isolates, it is likely that it is this group of strains against which the new generation of highly potent, broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics will display significant differential activity. PMID- 7247362 TI - Anti-Pseudomonas activity in bronchial secretions of patients receiving amikacin or tobramycin as a continuous infusion. AB - The penetration of amikacin and tobramycin into bronchial secretions and the resulting anti-Pseudomonas activity were assessed in two groups of tracheostomized or intubated patients with tracheobronchial infection and purulent bronchial secretions. The aminoglycosides were administered as continuous, high-dose intravenous infusions. The mean drug concentrations in serum and bronchial secretions were 12.8 and 2.0 microgram/ml for amikacin and 3.6 and 0.7 microgram/ml for tobramycin. The bronchial secretion/serum ratios varied over a wide range: from 9.6 to 22.8% (average, 14.9%) for amikacin and from 3 to 39.3% (average, 17.5%) for tobramycin. Sustained anti-Pseudomonas activities in bronchial secretions were achieved only in patients with very high aminoglycoside levels in serum. In most patients, however, no anti-Pseudomonas activity could be detected within bronchial secretions despite therapeutic levels of amikacin and tobramycin and adequate bactericidal activities in serum. PMID- 7247363 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Salmonella to various antimicrobial agents, including a new cephalosporin, Ro 13-9904. AB - The in vitro susceptibility of 363 strains of Salmonella isolated in Honk Kong to various antimicrobial drugs was tested, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin, mecillinam, and six cephalosporins (cephalexin, cephradine, cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, and Ro 13-9904) for these strains were determined by an agar dilution method. Although strains of the typhoid and paratyphoid group remained susceptible to most antibiotics tested, many strains of the gastroenteric group of salmonellae were found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and, occasionally, trimethoprim. Mecillinam and cefamandole, although active against most of the Salmonella strains tested, were shown to be less active against ampicillin resistant strains. By contrast, Ro 13-9904 exhibited remarkably uniform and high activity against all the Salmonella strains tested, irrespective of their ampicillin resistance. PMID- 7247364 TI - Sulfonamide and trimethoprim concentrations in human serum and skin blister fluid. AB - Various sulfonamides and trimethoprim were given orally twice a day to healthy volunteers. The drug concentrations in serum and tissue fluid from skin blisters were determined concomitantly. Maximal serum concentrations were obtained after 1 to 3 h. Absorption of sulfacarbamide and sulfadimidine was more rapid than for sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. The penetration to blister fluid was delayed and maximal concentrations were usually reached after 4 to 8 h. The highest penetration to blister fluid was found for sulfacarbamide, sulfadiazine, and trimethoprim. During maintenance therapy sulfadiazine and trimethoprim gave blister fluid concentrations usually above 50% of the serum level. However, on the basis of dosage the highest sulfonamide concentration both in serum and blister fluid was obtained with sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 7247366 TI - In vitro activity of naftifine, a new antifungal agent. AB - Naftifine exhibits an interesting in vitro spectrum of activity against dermatophytes (38 strains; minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] range 0.1 to 0.2 microgram/ml), aspergilli (6 strains; MIC range, 0.8 to 12.5 microgram/ml), Sporothrix schenckii (2 strains; MICs, 0.8 and 1.5 microgram/ml), and yeasts of the genus Candida (77 strains; MIC range, 1.5 to greater than 100 microgram/ml). Its degree of efficacy is unaffected by the organism density in the test medium, and it is primarily fungicidal against dermatophytes as well as yeasts. Its in vitro efficacy is pH dependent and rises with increasing pH values. PMID- 7247367 TI - In vivo antimycotic activity of naftifine. AB - Naftifine, a new antifungal agent belonging chemically to the allylamines, was tested for its in vivo activity after topical application against guinea pig skin infections caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum, or Microsporum racemosum. Compared with standard compounds, naftifine proved to be highly effective mycologically and clinically after topical application in the above models. PMID- 7247368 TI - Development and validation of a neutralizer system for in vitro evaluation of some antiseptics. AB - A neutralizer system was developed and validated for use in the in vitro bactericidal evaluation of three commonly used antiseptics, namely, Hibiclens (4% [wt/vol] chlorhexidine gluconate), Betadine (7.5% [wt/vol] povidone-iodine), and pHisoHex (3% [wt/vol] hexachlorophene). The neutralizer finally selected after a screening of 12 potential candidates consisted of 3% Asolectin, 10% Tween 80, and 0.3% sodium thiosulfate in the recovery agar. This neutralizer system was tested and validated for its neutralizing capacity for the three antiseptics, as well as for its lack of inherent bactericidal action against Staphylococcus aureus and a number of gram-negative bacteria of clinical significance, With no more than a 10 fold dilution of the antiseptic, the selected neutralizer system was 100% effective in neutralizing all the bacteriostatic carry-over of the three antiseptics and was also completely without any inherent bactericidal action against all the test organisms used. Sodium sulfite (considered to be a potential inactivator for iodophores such as Betadine), even in concentrations as low as 0.1%, was found to be ineffective or inherently bactericidal, whereas 0.3% sodium thiosulfate, in combination with Asolectin and Tween 80, was adequate (effective as well as non-bactericidal) and was considered to be essential for the neutralization of the three test antiseptics, namely, Hibiclens, Betadine, and pHisoHex. PMID- 7247369 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime in normal and impaired renal function: comparison of high-pressure liquid chromatography and microbiological assays. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime were studied after a single dose of 750 mg was given intravenously to each of 21 male volunteers grouped according to their creatinine clearances; these clearances were 60 to 120, 20 to 59, and less than 20 ml/min per 1.73 m,2 respectively, for groups 1 (12 subjects), 2 (4 subjects), and 3 (5 subjects). Cefuroxime obeyed two-compartment model kinetics in all three groups. Initial serum levels of cefuroxime were approximately 130 microgram/ml in group 1 and 2 and 80 microgram/ml in group 3. the levels then declined rapidly for 0.5 to 1 h after injection. After that time, cefuroxime levels declined more slowly, and the elimination rate became monoexponential. The mean serum half lives for cefuroxime in groups 2, 2, and 3 were 1.7, 2.4, and 17.6 h, respectively. Mean cefuroxime levels in serum were greater than 8 microgram/ml for 3 h in group 1, for 6 h in group 2, and for 30 h in group 3. Cumulative 24-h urinary excretion accounted for essentially 100% of the dose in group 1 and 2, and for 40% in group 3. Urine levels exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration for susceptible organisms for more than 12 h in all groups. Cefuroxime distribution characteristics were independent of renal function. In patients with creatinine clearances less than 20 ml/min per 1.73 m2, doses of cefuroxime needs to be reduced. A microbiological disk diffusion assay and a high pressure liquid chromatography assay for cefuroxime yielded statistically identical results, except for serum levels in uremic patients (group 3). PMID- 7247365 TI - Prevention of acute and chronic ascending pyelonephritis in rats by aminoglycoside antibiotics accumulated and persistent in kidneys. AB - Gentamicin, because it is stored in renal tissues, can prevent acute retrograde pyelonephritis. Since different aminoglycosides accumulate and persist to various degrees in the kidney parenchyma, the prophylactic activities of gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and netilmicin were compared. The four antibiotics were given intramuscularly to rats 3 days before initiating ascending unilateral pyelonephritis with Escherichia coli. Despite different degrees of renal accumulation at the time of infection (tobramycin and amikacin accumulated significantly less), all four aminoglycosides displayed similar protection against ascending pyelonephritis. This protection was conferred in the absence of active antibiotic detectable in the urine and was therefore attributed to antibiotic stored in the renal parenchyma. Those animals that developed pyelonephritis despite aminoglycoside prophylaxis had less severe acute kidney infection and inflammation. This resulted 3 months later in an almost complete protection against renal scarring (chronic pyelonephritis). These results in rats suggest that renal accumulation and persistence of aminoglycosides may be used to advantage in the prophylaxis or in the treatment of kidney infections. PMID- 7247371 TI - Isolation and identification of gamma-aminobutyric acid in Streptomyces lincolnensis. AB - Gamma-aminobutyric acid was isolated from ruptured cells of Streptomyces lincolnensis. Its isolation and purification by preparative liquid-solid chromatography and subsequent identification by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy are reported. PMID- 7247370 TI - Antiviral activity of Win 41258-3, a pyrazole compound, against herpes simplex virus in mouse genital infection and in guinea pig skin infection. AB - Win 41258-3 (4-[6-(2-chloro-4-methoxyphenoxy)hexyl]-3,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazole methane sulfonate) has in vitro and in vivo activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. In cell culture, a concentration of 2 microgram/ml produced a greater than 50% inhibition of plaque formation of herpes simplex virus type 2, and 3 microgram/ml produced a 100% reduction of herpes simplex virus type 1. Win 41258-3 was effective against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in mouse genital infection after intravaginal administration. Win 41258-3 was administered to mice at 4 h postinfection with solutions containing 1.25, 2.5, 5, or 10% of the compound in saturated tampons. Therapy resulted in a high survival rate (80 to 100%) of treated animals versus 20 to 30% of placebo-treated controls. Win 41258 3 was also effective in guinea pig skin infection produced by herpes simplex virus type 1. Solutions of 2.5, 5, and 10% Win 41258-3, applied to the skin starting 24 h postinfection, resulted in rapid suppression of development of herpetic vesicles and significant reduction of the virus titers in the lesion sites. PMID- 7247372 TI - Myxothiazol, a new antibiotic interfering with respiration. AB - Myxothiazol, a new antibiotic from the myxobacterium Myxococcus fulvus, inhibited the growth of many yeasts and fungi at concentrations between 0.01 and 3 micrograms/ml. It was generally inactive against bacteria. The inhibitory effect was cytostatic. With Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Mucor hiemalis, the growth inhibition was neutralized by glucose. Soon after being added to a cell suspension, the compound almost completely blocked oxygen consumption. PMID- 7247374 TI - Trimethoprim-rifampin, a new combination agent: efficacy in localized urinary infection and influence on microflora. AB - Twenty women with recurrent or persistent urinary tract infections were treated with a fixed combination of trimethoprim-rifampin (TMP-RAM). The site of infection was established by the antibody-coated bacteria test. Sixteen women had upper tract infections (antibody-coated bacteria tests positive); eight were cured, three failed, and five relapsed. All four women with lower tract infections (antibody-coated bacteria tests negative) were cured. Three of five patients with structural abnormalities failed. The 12 cures and 5 relapses were associated with organisms susceptible to either TMP (minimal inhibitory concentration, less than or = to 7 micrograms/ml) or RAM (minimal inhibitory concentration, less than or = to 32 micrograms/ml). In contrast, two of the three failures were associated with organisms resistant to both TMP and RAM. In one patient, RAM resistance emerged during treatment. During therapy, urinary strains were eradicated from the periurethral and anal-canal areas in all but 3 fo 16 patients. Adverse reactions, noted in 16 women, included nausea (10), dizziness (6), headaches (2), rash (1), an blurred vision (1). Antimicrobial susceptibility data on 246 isolated from urinary, periurethral, and anal-canal specimens are included. Our findings suggest that TMP-RAM is effective in urinary infections and may prevent the emergence of RAM-resistant strains. PMID- 7247373 TI - Comparison of five methods for the assay of serum gentamicin. AB - The microbiological bioassay, the adenylation method, and the radiometric, enzyme, and fluorescent immunoassay methods for assaying serum gentamicin were compared. The precision, reproducibility, and specificity of each method was assessed and proved satisfactory, with the exception of the radioimmunoassay, which gave artificially high results. Good correlations between the other four methods was obtained in a comparison involving 103 patient sera. The other aspects of performance were also compared, namely, simplicity, speed, cost, ease of automation, and application to large and small workloads. The enzyme immunoassay performed best in this comparison, being accurate, specific, rapid, and very simple to perform. However, other laboratories might find that workload, staffing, and available equipment make other methods more attractive. PMID- 7247375 TI - Comparison of the activity of ionophores with other antibacterial agents against anaerobes. AB - Representative polyethers of each group in Westley's classification and related ionophore antibiotics were examined for in vitro activity against 25 anaerobic strains. Lasalocid (X-537A) and nigericin were found to have activity comparable in potency to some leading antianaerobe antibiotics, newer cephalosporins and nitroimidazoles, with a different spectrum as revealed by a spectral comparison. A strict relationship between their antianaerobe activity and either their structural features or cation transporting properties was not apparent. PMID- 7247376 TI - Rapid radiometric method for determining drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. AB - A rapid radiometric method for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare to eight chemotherapeutic agents was compared with a conventional method. Results were available within 72 h by radiometric testing in contrast to 21 days by the conventional method. The radiometric and conventional methods agreed to 61% of the tests, but growth inhibition of greater than or equal to 50% was detectable only by radiometric testing in an additional 36.5% of the tests. In only 2.5% of the tests was the radiometric method unable to detect complete inhibition shown by the conventional method. Quantifiable increases in inhibition with increasing concentration of isoniazid were more frequently detectable by the radiometric method than by conventional testing. The radiometric method is a simple, rapid, and quantitative test for drug susceptibility of mycobacteria and warrants further investigation. PMID- 7247377 TI - Penetrance of nafcillin into human ventricular fluid: correlation with ventricular pleocytosis and glucose levels. AB - Fourteen hydrocephalic pediatric patients with suspected shunt infections were studied for penetrance of nafcillin into the ventricular fluid after intravenous administration. In seven patients with bacterial ventriculitis, the concentration of nafcillin in ventricular fluid was 0.8 to 20.4% of the peak concentration in serum. In the remaining seven patients without bacterial ventriculitis, ventricular fluid levels ranged between less than or equal to 0.02 to 4% of peak serum concentrations. Although the degree of pleocytosis correlated poorly with penetrance, ventricular fluid glucose levels correlated inversely with penetrance of nafcillin (r = -0.7275, P less than 0.001). PMID- 7247378 TI - Cephamycin C treatment of induced swine salmonellosis. AB - Weanling pigs in groups of 12 were infected orally with Salmonella choleraesuis and were treated intramuscularly with doses of cephamycin C ranging from 12.5 to 337.5 mg twice daily for 10 days beginning 1 day postinoculation. Pigs in two other infected groups either received 300 mg of tetracycline orally on a similar schedule or served as nonmedicated controls. Optimal responses to cephamycin C were achieved at a twice daily dose of 112.5 mg. With this regimen, the febrile response was significantly reduced on day 2 and eliminated by day 5 postinfection, and the shedding of Salmonella spp. in feces was eliminated by day 5 postinfection; essentially, no lesions were found in the gastrointestinal tract at necropsy (day 26 postinfection). There was no mortality among recipients of the 112.5-mg dose; diarrhea was present on only 2% of the observation days. In contrast, 83% of the infected, nonmedicated pigs and 25% of the tetracycline medicated pigs died, and diarrhea was present in these groups on 63 and 54% of the observation days, respectively. The striking benefits of cephamycin C treatment was achieved without adverse reactions. The weight gain and feed efficiency of the infected pigs treated with the 112.5-mg dose of cephamycin C and the noninfected, nonmedicated control pigs were equivalent. PMID- 7247379 TI - Assays of serum aminoglycoside levels by BACTEC 460 in the presence of cefamandole and cefoxitin. AB - The effects of cefamandole and cefoxitin on the assays of serum containing gentamicin, tobramycin, or amikacin by the BACTEC 460 (Johnston Laboratories, Cockeysville, Md.) were studied. The results were analyzed to determine whether the presence of the test substances, cefamandole or cefoxitin, caused a statistically different mean value of aminoglycoside or increase in variance as compared with serum assayed in their absence. The results were then considered in light of medical significance to see whether the difference observed would have any real effect on patient care. The results of each analyses dictate that serum of patients treated with both amikacin and cefamandole be tested in triplicate. PMID- 7247381 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni with special reference to resistance patterns of Canadian isolates. AB - Agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Camphylobacter jejuni showed that erythromycin, clindamycin, nitrofurantoin, and gentamicin were the most active compounds, inhibiting 90% of the isolates at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml or less. The frequency of high-level erythromycin resistance was 1%. Erythromycin-resistant isolates showed cross-resistance to clindamycin. All strains were inhibited by chloramphenicol at less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml. About 20% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline at 4 micrograms/ml. All strains were highly resistant to novobiocin, bacitracin, vancomycin, and trimethoprim and resistant to rifampin. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of metronidazole ranged from less than or equal to 0.5 to 128 micrograms/ml. The susceptibility of strains to sulfamethoxazole and polymyxin B sulfate was markedly influenced by inoculum size. The MICs of polymyxin B sulfate were significantly higher at 42 than 36 degrees C. All strains were inhibited by nalidixic acid at 32 micrograms/ml. In the penicillin group, ampicillin was the most active compound, inhibiting only about three quarters of the strains at 8 micrograms/ml. The cephalosporins as a group showed only moderate to poor activity, the most active cephalosporin being cefotaxime, which inhibited about 90% of the strains at 8 micrograms/ml. The use of antibiotics in selective media is discussed. PMID- 7247380 TI - Isolating specific auxotrophic mutants of Mycobacterium smegmatis by using vancomycin. AB - After inducing mutagenesis with nitrosoguanidine, we used vancomycin enrichment in isolating auxotrophic mutants of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Compared with cycloserine and penicillin G, which are also cell wall inhibitors, vancomycin, with 24 h of exposure, produced less cell lysis and a greater reduction in viable cell numbers. With vancomycin enrichment, 13 specific auxotrophs were isolated after nitrosoguanidine-induced mutation, whereas only two mutants were isolated without enrichment. PMID- 7247382 TI - Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Teh pharmacokinetics of gentamicin were studied in seven chronic renal failure patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Patients received 100 mg of gentamicin in 2 liters of dialysate during an initial pass, and serum and dialysate samples were collected for gentamicin determination. Approximately 49% of the amount introduced into the peritoneal cavity was absorbed systemically during a 6-h cycle. Subsequent clearance of gentamicin from the serum occurred slowly with an elimination half-life of 36 h. Dialysis clearance of gentamicin during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis was 2.94 ml/min. PMID- 7247383 TI - Single-dose pharmacokinetics of acyclovir. AB - The pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered acyclovir were studied in 10 patients with advanced malignancies. After doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, the slow disposition half-life values (t1/2beta) ranged from 2.2 to 3.1 h for the 1-h infusions and from 1.8 to 3.7 h for the 6-h infusions. Plasma levels, measured by radioimmunoassay, reached a maximum at the end of the 1-h infusions and approached steady state at 3 to 4 h into the 6-h infusions. Mean peak plasma concentrations obtained at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg administered over 1 h were 3.03 and 5.99 microM, respectively. Mean peak levels for the 6-h infusions were 1.07 microM at 0.5 mg/kg and 2.58 microM at 1.0 mg/kg. The mean urinary elimination of acyclovir was 44.7% of the administered doses. No clinical or laboratory abnormalities were noted in the 10 patients studied. PMID- 7247384 TI - Latex agglutination inhibition card test for gentamicin assay: clinical evaluation and comparison with radioimmunoassay and bioassay. AB - Gentamicin levels were determined in 100 serum specimens by a new latex agglutination inhibition card test, a radioimmunoassay (RIA), and a bioassay. Correlation coefficients determined by linear regression analysis demonstrated that the levels obtained by the latex agglutination inhibition card test had a high degree of correlation with the RIA and could be performed much faster and more economically when processing small numbers of specimens. The bioassay had a slightly lower degree of correlation with both the RIA and the latex test and was adversely influenced by concurrently administered antibiotics which could not be eliminated by beta-lactamase. When measuring gentamicin concentrations above 2 micrograms/ml, the coefficient of variation was less than 14% for the latex agglutination assay compared with 15% for the bioassay and 12% for RIA. The latex agglutination inhibition card test is a rapid, accurate, specific, and reproducible method for monitoring gentamicin levels in patients and is particularly applicable for laboratories processing small numbers of specimens. PMID- 7247385 TI - Comparative tissue distribution of ceforanide, cefazolin, and cefamandole in rats. AB - The comparative tissue distribution of ceforanide, cefazolin, and cefamandole was determined in rats after subcutaneous doses of 100 mg/kg. Ceforanide had the longest plasma half-life, 0.9 h, versus 0.5 h for cefazolin and 0.4 h for cefamandole, and the highest area under the plasma concentration time curve, 324 micrograms x h per ml, versus 184 micrograms x h per ml for cefazolin and 42 micrograms x h per ml for cefamandole. The peak plasma concentrations of ceforanide and cefazolin were 173 and 140 micrograms/ml, respectively, and were threefold higher than that of cefamandole (49 micrograms/ml). Measureable concentrations of the three compounds were found in the liver, kidneys, lungs, submaxillary glands, cervical lymph nodes, bones, heart, abdominal muscles, eyes, and testes, with cefamandole levels being generally lower and more variable. The peak tissue levels of ceforanide and cefazolin were comparable, within the limit of data variation, and were considerably higher than that of cefamandole. The tissue half-lives of these cephalosporins were similar to the respective plasma half-lives. PMID- 7247388 TI - Nogalamycin inhibits ribonucleic acid synthesis in growing and developing cells of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Nogalamycin, an anthracycline antibiotic that intercalates into deoxyribonucleic acid, is a potent inhibitor of ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis in the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. The antibiotic inhibits RNA synthesis in growing cells and in inactivated spores, and in this way inhibits spore germination. Protein synthesis is much less inhibited. Nogalamycin inhibits ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and messenger RNA equally. Polysomes break down in the presence of the drug with a half-life of 220 min, and messenger RNA decays with a half-life of 290 min. The data show that nogalamycin can be employed to inhibit messenger RNA synthesis and is useful in determining messenger RNA decay rates in the slime mold. PMID- 7247387 TI - Inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus-host cell interactions by mono- and diamidines. AB - Several aromatic mono- and diamidines were found to block cell fusion induced by respiratory syncytial virus. The best inhibitors were able to achieve complete suppression of syncytium formation at a concentration of 1.0 microM. Inhibition occurred in respiratory syncytial virus-infected HEp-2 and CV-1 cells, but the same inhibitors were ineffective in preventing fusion induced by parainfluenza virus type 3. The fusion inhibitors did not reduce single-cycle virus yields, but did reduce multiple-cycle yields. In addition, the active compounds caused a significant retardation of respiratory syncytial virus penetration. The mechanism by which amidines interfere with respiratory syncytial virus-host cell interactions is unknown, but parallels can be drawn between antiviral activity and the ability of the compounds to inhibit certain trypsin-like proteases. PMID- 7247386 TI - In vitro induction of resistance to erythromycin by its metabolite. AB - Of the metabolites isolated from urine samples of patients treated with erythromycin, the 8,9-anhydroerythromycin A 6,9-hemiketal induced in vitro resistance to the parent drug and to carbomycin in the test strain Staphylococcus aureus RN 1389. PMID- 7247389 TI - Susceptibility of multiply antibiotic-resistant pneumococci to the new beta lactam drugs and rosaramicin. AB - Eight new beta-lactam antibiotics and rosaramicin were tested for their activity against penicillin-susceptible and multiply resistant pneumococci. All of the beta-lactam drugs were 50- to 150-fold less active against the drug-resistant pneumococci when compared with their activity against penicillin-susceptible pneumococci. Rosaramicin activity was similar to that of erythromycin. PMID- 7247391 TI - Induction by glucose of an antimycin-insensitive, azide-sensitive respiration in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. AB - Increasing the glucose concentration from 0.1 to 10% in exponentially growing cultures of Kluyveromyces lactis CBS 2359 does not repress the antimycin sensitive respiration (QO2 of 80 microliter O2 . h-1 . mg-1 dry weight) but raises the antimycin-insensitive respiration from 3 to 12 microliter O2 . h-2 . mg-1 dry weight. Antimycin A inhibits the growth of K. lactis on a variety of substrates with the exception of glucose at concentrations equal to or higher than 1% where substantial antimycin-insensitive respiratory rates are induced. It can be concluded that a minimal antimycin-insensitive QO2 is necessary for cellular growth when the normal respiratory pathway is not functional. The antimycin-insensitive respiration elicited by growth in high glucose concentrations is poorly inhibited by hydroxamate and is inhibited by 50% by 90 microM azide or 1 mM cyanide. These concentrations are much higher than those necessary to inhibit cytochrome c oxidase which is not involved in the antimycin insensitive respiration as was demonstrated by spectral measurements. A pigment absorbing at 555 nm is specifically reduced after addition of glucose to antimycin-inhibited cells. The same pigment is reoxidized by further addition of high concentrations of sodium azide indicating its participation in the antimycin insensitive, azide-sensitive respiration. PMID- 7247390 TI - An experimentally induced phlegmonous abscess by a strain of Bacteroides gingivalis in guinea pigs and mice. AB - The virulence of B. gingivalis strain W83 was studied in an experimental animal model. Cells grown overnight, washed and resuspended in broth, were injected intradermally or subcutaneously in the back of guinea pigs, rats and mice. This strain proved to be very virulent, causing a severe phlegmonous abscess in guinea pigs. Also in mice, which are thought to be resistant to infections with black pigmented Bacteroides strains, the same type of infection could be induced. Rats proved to be rather insensitive. The model presented can be used as a simple virulence test for these anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 7247392 TI - The effect of temperature on the growth and lipid composition of the extremely halophilic coccus, Sarcina marina. AB - Sarcina marina (NCMB 778) grew over the temperature range 20-45 degrees C but no growth was recorded at 15 degrees C or 50 degrees C. At the optimum growth temperature of 34 degrees C the doubling time was 14.5 h. The major polar lipid components, tentatively identified as the diether analogues of phosphatidyl glycerophosphate (PGP), phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), diglycosyl diglyceride (DGD) and triglycosyl diglyceride (TGD), and the major neutral lipid components, tentatively identified as squalene, dihydrosqualene, tetrahydrosqualene, vitamin MK8, geranyl geraniol and di-O-phytanyl glycerol, are identical to those found in other extremely halophilic rods and cocci. The total lipid content varied with growth conditions from 0.6-3.2% of the dry cell weight, polar lipids accounted for between 94.3 and 83.6% of the total lipid, the remainder being neutral lipid. In response to both the transition from exponential to stationary phase and a reduction of 14 degrees C in growth temperature, batch cultures showed: (i) an increase in total lipid content; (ii) a decrease in PG and (iii) an increase in PGP. Specific responses to the temperature decrease were (i) increased total lipid content; (ii) no decrease in neutral lipids in stationary phase; (iii) marked reduction in PG and (iv) raised DGD. (i) and (ii) could be mechanisms for increasing membrane fluidity. In common with all other extreme halophiles investigated the alkyl side chains of S. marina polar lipids were identified as the phytanyl (3R, 7R, 11R, 15-tetramethylhexadecyl) group. Its structure did not appear to vary with temperature so that the normal mechanisms for modifying the structure of lipid alkyl side chains to modulate membrane fluidity in response to temperature changes probably does not occur in this group of microorganisms. PMID- 7247394 TI - A bacteriological evaluation of three methods of bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery. PMID- 7247393 TI - Cryptococcus mollis Kutzing, type species of the genus Cryptococcus: investigation of the type material. AB - The legitimacy of the name Cryptococcus mollis for the type of the genus Cryptococcus is shown. The type material, available in the Rijksherbarium at Leiden University was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The cell wall of most of the cells showed a structure, similar to that of basidiomycetous yeasts. Bud scars were also found. PMID- 7247395 TI - The competitive ability of spontaneous staphylocoagulase-negative mutants of Staphylococcus aureus 104 and NCTC 8178 towards the parent strains in continuous culture. PMID- 7247396 TI - Automation of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test by using the Abbott MS-2 microbiology system. AB - A rapid, automated method for the performance of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate endotoxin assay has been developed by using the Abbott MS-2 Microbiology System. This instrument automatically determines sequential changes in the optical density of up to 176 samples at 1- or 5-min increments during a 1-h assay period. Graphic representation of optical density changes can be viewed on a cathode-ray tube or reproduced by using a hard-copy printer. Limulus amoebocyte lysate preparations that were obtained from different commercial producers and that had similar endotoxin sensitivities by the conventional gelation method varied somewhat in reactivity when determinations were based upon rate changes in optical density. Lysates from Associates of Cape Cod, Difco Laboratories, and M. A. Bioproducts were the most readily adaptable to the MS-2 System. Use of the MS 2 system increased the sensitivity of these preparations from 60- to 250-fold, and as little as 1 pg/ml was detected. Adaptation of the MS-2 instrument for this purpose provides an objective, reproducible, automated method for the performance of Limulus amoebocyte lysate tests on a variety of fluids. PMID- 7247397 TI - Attachment of Streptococcus faecium, to the duodenal epithelium of the chicken and its importance in colonization of the small intestine. AB - The counts of Streptococcus faecium SY1 in the duodenums of gnotobiotic chicks exceeded the counts in their crops, indicating that multiplication was occurring in the anterior small intestine. This growth was related to adhesion to the gut wall which could be demonstrated by viable counts of macerated washed duodenal tissue. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that adhesion occurred in restricted areas on the surface of the villus, and transmission studies showed the presence of a thick extracellular layer on the bacterium. Attachment of S. faecium SY1 was confirmed in vitro by using chicken duodenal brush borders. The washings, produced during the preparation of the brush borders, increased the number of S. faecium adhering to the brush borders. This enhancing effect was due to the presence of trypsin in the duodenal washings. However, the effect was not dependent on the enzymatic activity of the trypsin molecule. The initial adhesion was not prevented by pretreatment of the brush borders with soy bean trypsin inhibitor. There were, therefore, two adhesion systems operating, only one of which was dependent on trypsin. Pretreatment of brush borders with trypsin digested them, but they remained intact in the presence of S. faecium SY1, indicating that the enzymatic activity was being inhibited. This effect was specific for the adhering strain of S. faecium SY1; the nonadhering S. faecium strain CRS23 and an adhering strain of Lactobacillus sp. were inactive, as was strain SY1 when adhesion was prevented by including sodium periodate in the test system. The colonizations of the gut by strains of S. faecium of differing adhesive abilities were compared. The nonadhering strain CRS23 showed reduced ability to colonize the duodenum, but the penicillin-resistant mutant of S. faecium SY1, which had reduced adhesive ability but could still attach to a lesser degree, was able to colonize the duodenum as efficiently as the parent strain. PMID- 7247398 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of ochratoxin A. AB - A simple microtest plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of ochratoxin A at levels as low as 25 pg per assay. The relative cross reactivities of the antibody in this system with ochratoxin A (OA), OB, OC, and Oalpha were found to be 1.0, 0.14, 0.44, and 0.01, respectively. PMID- 7247399 TI - Characterization of Vibrio cholerae isolated from oysters. AB - Of 790 samples of oyster shellstock freshly harvested during a 12-month survey, 111 (most of which were harvested from June through August) contained Vibrio cholerae non-O1 (611 strains), and seven contained O1 Inaba (11 strains) organisms. None of the V. cholerae strains isolated were enterotoxigenic by immunological and biological tests. PMID- 7247400 TI - Heat inactivation of in vivo- and in vitro-grown mycobacteria in meat products. AB - Heat inactivation of mycobacteria from lesions and from culture was compared in meat products. In vivo-grown organisms were more easily heat inactivated than were in vitro-grown organisms. PMID- 7247401 TI - Occurrence of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complexes in calf brain. PMID- 7247402 TI - Arginyl residues involvement in the microtubule assembly. PMID- 7247403 TI - Phospholipase C digestion of rat liver plasma membrane stimulates adenylate cyclase. PMID- 7247404 TI - Disruption of the tryptophan binding site in the human serum albumin dimer. PMID- 7247405 TI - Properties of disulfide-linked tubulin purified on hydroxyapatite and its comparison with intact and dissociated microtubules using limited tryptic digestion. PMID- 7247406 TI - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance study of the thiamine diphosphate magnesium interaction. PMID- 7247407 TI - Histamine stimulation of rat gastric parietal cell adenylyl cyclase: modulation by guanine nucleotides. PMID- 7247408 TI - Structural studies of urinary oligosaccharides from patients with mannosidosis. PMID- 7247409 TI - Egg shell membrane protein: a nonelastin desmosine/isodesmosine-containing protein. PMID- 7247410 TI - Inhibition of Na+-stimulated glucose transport function and perturbation of intestinal microvillus membrane vesicles by ethanol and acetaldehyde. PMID- 7247411 TI - An enzyme-linked immunoassay for the cartilage proteoglycan. PMID- 7247413 TI - Increased hepatic dolichol and dolichyl phosphate-mediated glycosylation in rats fed cholesterol. PMID- 7247412 TI - Glutamate, aspartate, and gamma-aminobutyrate transport by membrane vesicles prepared from rat brain. PMID- 7247415 TI - Conversion of [1-3H2,G-14C]geranyl pyrophosphate to cyclic monoterpenes without loss of tritium. PMID- 7247414 TI - Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from pea leaf mitochondria. PMID- 7247416 TI - Syringomas as a causative factor for cicatricial alopecia. PMID- 7247417 TI - Equestrian cold panniculitis in women. PMID- 7247418 TI - Twenty-nail dystrophy and ichthyosis vulgaris. PMID- 7247420 TI - Relationship of Bowen's and non-Bowen's squamous intraepidermal neoplasia to internal malignant neoplasms. PMID- 7247419 TI - Basal cell epithelioma with a hypopigmented halo. PMID- 7247421 TI - Porphyria turcica. PMID- 7247422 TI - Xeroradiographic observations in four patients with chronic renal disease and cutaneous gangrene. AB - Cutaneous gangrene developed in four patients who had chronic renal disease that resulted in secondary hyperparathyroidism and systemic arterial calcification. Three of the four patients showed a unique pattern, by xeroradiography, of extensive medical calcification in subcutaneous arterioles. This noninvasive procedure demonstrated calcium in minute subcutaneous arterioles. Parathyroidectomy, conservative local care, and skin grafting resulted in cure of the cutaneous ulcers in two of the four patients. PMID- 7247423 TI - Sporadic atypical mole syndrome. A report of five nonfamilial B-K mole syndrome like cases and histopathologic findings. AB - We report five sporadic B-K mole syndrome-like cases. Histopathologic findings in this condition are characteristic. Clinical and pathologic diagnoses do not have to await the appearance of relatively large or malignant lesions. The dermatopathologist can alter the clinician to the occurrence of sporadic atypical mole syndrome. PMID- 7247424 TI - Clinicopathologic correlations in Alibert-type mycosis fungoides. AB - Five cases of mycosis fungoides of the Alibert type were studied by taking multiple biopsy specimens at different stages of the disease. Large hyperchromatic, slightly irregular mononuclear cells are the most frequent cells. Ultrastructurally, the cells were only slightly convoluted, had prominent heterochromatin banding at the nuclear membrane, and unremarkable cytoplasmic organelles. Highly convoluted cerebriform nucleated cells were few. Large regular vesicular histiocytes were prominent in the early stages. Ultrastructurally, the cells showed evenly distributed euchromatin. Epidermotrophism was equally as important as Pautrier's abscess as a hallmark of the disease. Stereologic techniques comparing the infiltrate with regard to size and convolution of cells in all stages of mycosis fungoides with infiltrates seen in a variety of benign dermatoses showed no statistically significant differences. PMID- 7247425 TI - Tropical rat mite dermatitis. Report of six cases and review of mite infestations. AB - Six cases of tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) dermatitis are presented. The patients experienced papular urticaria, and mites were found on and identified in several of the patients. The presence of rodents in or around the home was confirmed in most cases. The role of other parasitic mites found on bats, birds, and snakes is reviewed. The importance of obtaining a history of rodent activity or exposure to other animals is emphasized when considering the cause of arthropod bites. PMID- 7247427 TI - Tumor-stage mycosis fungoides. A 32-year survival. PMID- 7247426 TI - Photoallergic contact dermatitis to musk ambrette. Histopathologic features of photobiologic reactions observed in a persistent light reactor. AB - Studies concerning a patient with contact photosensitivity to musk ambrette, a commonly used fragrance, are reported. The patient had a persistent light reaction. The patient's history, clinical appearance, and phototest and photopatch test results are described. The observed patterns of these were identical to those previously noted in patients who had persistent light reactions after exposure to other photosensitizers such as the halogenated salicylanilides. The histopathologic findings in the phototest and photopatch test sites were those of an acute spongiotic dermatitis. No abnormal change was seen with ultraviolet A radiation exposure alone. PMID- 7247428 TI - Linear eccrine nevus with comedones. AB - We report herein a case of a linear nevus comedonicus associated with tumors of sweat gland origin. We propose the term "linear eccrine nevus with comedones" as a suitable title for this disorder. Several similar cases in the literature are reviewed. PMID- 7247429 TI - Lentigo maligna in a woman with oculocutaneous albinism. AB - A 54-year-old black woman with oculocutaneous albinism was found to have a lentigo maligna and, subsequently, a pigmented compound nevus on non-sun-exposed areas of her body. The diagnosis for these lesions was confirmed by the results of histopathologic study. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported in the literature. This patient reemphasizes the fact that melanoma development is dependent on the presence of melanocytes, but not necessarily on melanogenesis. We propose that the rarity of melanomas in these patients may be caused by the protective effect of unknown systemic factors. PMID- 7247430 TI - The isolation of Phoma eupyrena from a human lesion. AB - A strain of the soil-borne fungus Phoma eupyrena was isolated from the skin of an 18-month-old boy who had a crusting, erythematous, perioral eruption of one month's duration. Treatment with clotrimazole, 15% zinc oxide paste, and dimethicone resulted in eradication of the fungus and in complete healing of the lesions in eight weeks. PMID- 7247431 TI - Pseudofolliculitis vibrissa. AB - Pseudofolliculitis can occur wherever hair is cut. A perforating, ingrowing vibrissa developed in our patient, who admitted to cutting his nasal hair. We call this condition, "pseudofolliculitis vibrissa." PMID- 7247432 TI - Pathology quiz case 1. PMID- 7247433 TI - Polymorphic light eruption. Exacerbation from photocopier exposure. PMID- 7247435 TI - Cutaneous pseudolymphoma at the site of resolving herpes zoster. PMID- 7247434 TI - Plantar Fibromatosis. PMID- 7247436 TI - Nursing sick children. PMID- 7247437 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the older child. AB - Five children aged between 9 months and 7 years were admitted to hospital each with an unsuspected congenital diaphragmatic hernia. In 4 the diagnosis was pneumonia with a secondary pleural effusion or lung abscess. Initial investigations were unhelpful to the admitting physician; two of the children had had a previous chest x-ray which was normal. For 3 children the correct diagnosis was only made at necropsy. It is suggested that the possibility of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia be considered in any patient who has an indefinable diaphragm and cystic lesion on his chest x-ray film. Barium studies with the patient in Trendelenburg's position are of value in excluding the presence of bowel in the chest. PMID- 7247438 TI - Do infants with stage IV-S neuroblastoma need treatment? AB - The study reports the results of treatment in 31 infants under age 12 months with stage IV-S neuroblastoma diagnosed between 1976 and 1979. All had small or undetected primary tumours associated with disease in one or more of the following sites: liver, skin, or marrow. The primary site was left adrenal (in 16), and other areas included paravertebral, mediastinum, and pelvis (in 5); in 3 the primary site could not be found. Distant disease was found in the liver (in 29), marrow (in 16), and skin (in 8). Other sites affected were pancreas, pleura, peritoneum, and regional nodes. Treatment varied according to the clinical course of the disease; most patients had very little. In 19 primary tumour was resected, in 21 the liver was irradiated with a median dose of 450 rad, and 15 received chemotherapy in courses varying between 1 month and 1 year. Nine patients had resection of the primary tumour as their only treatment and all survive; a total of 16 patients had sites of disease which regressed spontaneously. Four of 31 patients died in the first 2 months despite vigorous measures, all from some complication of the disease or its treatment. The projected 2-year survival rate is 87%. Children with this 'special' pattern of widespread neuroblastoma fare well with little or no treatment unless early complications develop. In this study none died of late progression of their disease. PMID- 7247439 TI - Defect of neutrophil mobility with dominant inheritance in a family with Waardenberg's syndrome. PMID- 7247440 TI - Reye's syndrome; diagnosis by muscle biopsy? AB - Three children with Reye's syndrome are described. One child died, the second had mild and transient illness, and the third had recurrent episodes. In all 3 children a muscle biopsy showed pronounced infiltration of the myofibres with fat microdroplets as shown by the oil red O stain and by electron microscopical examination. We suggest that needle biopsy of muscle may be a quick and safe aid to the diagnosis of Reye's syndrome, and may be preferable to liver biopsy in view of the pronounced tendency to bleed in Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7247441 TI - Benign carotenaemia in children. AB - Six children presented with yellow pigmentation of the skin as a result of carotenaemia, and 5 were aged less than 1 year when this was first noted. Serum carotene levels depend on carotene intake, and absorption is promoted if food is of a fine texture. Five of the children were fed a partly homogenised diet. Pigmentation resolved when the carotene intake was reduced. This condition should be suspected, especially in young children, if the skin is yellow while the sclera remains a normal colour. PMID- 7247443 TI - Bed occupancy not an index of efficiency. PMID- 7247446 TI - Cot death among children of nurses. Observations of breathing patterns. AB - Research into cot death has recently been focused on a search for pre-existing chronic abnormalities rather than on the immediate events before death. Because nurses are trained observers, 30 nurses who had lost children by cot death were questioned. In particular, they were asked about any respiratory symptoms which had been present in the absence of respiratory tract infection. Some (37%) of the nurse mothers had noted unusual respiratory events (wheezing, apnoea, irregular respiration, or cyanosis) in their children during the early months of life. Only 6% on non-nurse mothers who similarly had lost children recalled respiratory difficulties. None of the 60 nurse mothers with healthy infants gave a history of respiratory difficulties in the absence of infection. The importance of taking a careful history from any parent who loses a child by cot death is stressed. PMID- 7247442 TI - Objective birth data and the prediction of child abuse. AB - The Cardiff Births Survey contains objective data that are easily collected and are reproducible between observers. We have compared survey records of 80 abused children with those of 80 control children. Of 44 factors that were examined 11 were appreciably more common in abused children. Such factors included the fact that the baby was preterm and had been admitted to a special care baby unit. Other factors were young maternal age, marital instability, low social class, and maternal smoking. 66% of abused children had at least 5 of these factors compared with only 16% of the control group. PMID- 7247444 TI - Congenital hypertension due to unilateral renal vein thrombosis. AB - A boy was found on the day of birth to have hypertension and radiological evidence of calcification of the left renal vein. Persistent hypokalaemia and hyper-reninaemia in the presence of a small left kidney and normal right kidney led to the decision to perform a left nephrectomy. The biopsied specimen showed old calcified renal vein thrombosis with accompanying medullary necrosis. Postoperatively hypertension resolved. PMID- 7247445 TI - Rubella and juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - A 9-year-old boy with a clinical illness similar to juvenile rheumatoid arthritis was found to have rubella virus in the synovial fluid. There was complete remission of symptoms after 3 months. The role of rubella virus as a possible possible aetiological agent in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is discussed. PMID- 7247447 TI - Symptomatic zinc deficiency in a breast-fed infant. PMID- 7247448 TI - Bacteriological quality of homologous breast milk. PMID- 7247449 TI - 25-hydroxycholecalciferol serum levels in breast-fed infants. PMID- 7247450 TI - [Correlation of growth hormone and aetiology of psoriasis]. AB - Pathological alterations of capillaries, accelerated epidermopoesis, increased rate and extent of metabolism in the psoriatic lesion and first manifestation of psoriasis rarely in the first 20 years of life made us decide to investigate the human growth hormone (STH) in blood serum. In 70 patients suffering from psoriasis we found that the extention of skin lesions was correlated to the STH levels, which were determined every 2 h all over the day. The average STH level in psoriasis was three times as high as average value in the group of 40 controls. Thus, one can conclude that psoriasis is caused by a persistence of STH with individual penetrance. PMID- 7247451 TI - Penetration of trioxsalen into skin from trioxsalen baths. PMID- 7247453 TI - Sebaceous glands in uninvolved skin of patients suffering from atopic dermatitis. PMID- 7247452 TI - The vascularized isolated groin flap in rats -- a suitable tool for the study of burns. PMID- 7247454 TI - Hepatic acetylator phenotype in porphyria cutanea tarda. PMID- 7247456 TI - Hypocomplementemia in keratoacanthoma. PMID- 7247458 TI - A further study on the mechanism of deposition of plasma protein in psoriasis scales. PMID- 7247457 TI - Impairment of microphage functions in oral precancerous lesions and carcinomas. PMID- 7247455 TI - Significance of renal brush border antibodies in skin immune complex-related diseases. PMID- 7247459 TI - Effects of urban air pollution on school-age children. AB - From November 1977 to March 1978, forced expiratory volumes (FEVs) of 78 second graders living in a high sulfur dioxide and smoke pollution area were compared with FEVs of 70 second graders living in a clean air area. The incidence of acute respiratory diseases in these children and their families was also comparatively studied during the same period. Indoor and outdoor measurements of sulfur dioxide and smoke, as well as additional measurements of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sulfate were conducted. The results of the study suggest that at the actual average annual exposure to sulfur dioxide, smoke, and SPM of 70-80 microgram/m3, 60-80 microgram/m3, and 130-200 microgram/m3, respectively, with frequent exposures to three to five times higher daily sulfur dioxide and smoke concentrations and two times higher daily concentrations of SPM during the heating season, certain effects on the ventilatory functions and occurrence of acute respiratory diseases can be expected. PMID- 7247460 TI - Effect of ferrous sulfate aerosols and nitrogen dioxide on murine pulmonary defense. AB - A murine infectivity model was used to test the effect of exposure to atmospheres containing 290 +/- 50 microgram/m3 of respirable sized ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) particles (0.4 micron mass median aerodynamic diameter) and 1.0 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) prior to infection with aerosols of Staphylococcus aureus or group C streptococci. Exposure to these combined pollutants for 24 or 48 hr did not impair pulmonary inactivation of S. aureus. Exposure to FeSO4 or NO2 for 48 hr, or to both pollutants for 24 or 48 hr, resulted in significant decreases in inactivation of inhaled group C streptococci. Mortality studies following pollutant exposure demonstrated earlier, but not an increased number of deaths. These studies demonstrate the importance of the test organism in assessing air quality standards with the infectivity model and enhanced toxicity and prolongation of exposure to relatively low levels of submicron-size particles of FeSO4 and NO2. PMID- 7247461 TI - Infectious liver diseases in three groups of Copenhagen workers: correlation of hepatitis A infection to sewage exposure. AB - Three groups of Copenhagen municipality male employees-77 sewer workers, 81 gardeners, and 79 clerks-matched for age and duration of employment, were studied for clinical and serological evidence of infection with viral hepatitis types A and B and pathogenic leptospires. "Antibody against hepatitis A virus" (anti-HAV) was found significantly more often among sewer workers (80.5%), than among gardeners (60.5%) or clerks (48.1%). The anti-HAV prevalence rates correlated with age rather than duration of employment. Of all the 11 cases of jaundice reported, only 3 cases (sewer workers) occurred while employed for the city. One case of the 11 resulted from leptospirosis. Anti-HAV was detected in the other 10 subjects and was assumed to be of etiological importance. Hepatitis B serological markers were similar in each group. It is concluded that exposure to metropolitan sewage provides a limited risk of enteric infections, such as hepatitis A, while the hepatitis B virus apparently is not successfully transmitted by this route. PMID- 7247462 TI - The incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in teenagers. AB - By means of a questionnaire we studied the menstrual patterns of 502 adolescent girls aged 10--19 years in 1979. The incidence of occasional or consistent primary dysmenorrhea was 43%. The incidence of dysmenorrhea increased considerably with increasing age and the interval between the menarche and the onset of dysmenorrhea was less than one year in 72% of subjects investigated. The occurrence of severe dysmenorrhea resulting in absence from school varied between 8 and 18% in various age groups. PMID- 7247463 TI - Electron microscopy findings in fetal organs after perfusion of the amniotic cavity with oxygenated fluorocarbon. AB - In 20 fetal rabbits a double-blind electron microscopy study of placenta, lung, heart, liver, and stomach was performed at 28 or 29 days of gestation. The amniotic cavity was continuously perfused with perfluorotetrahydrofuran (FC 77) before the fetuses were killed. Compared with control fetuses, no morphological changes of fetal lung and stomach nor of placenta related to FC were found. There were unexplained changes in liver parenchymal cells. However, a protective effect of FC on the myocardial tissue was observed. PMID- 7247464 TI - A rapid procedure for measurement of the free testosterone fraction in human plasma using the centria radioimmunoassay centrifugal analyzer. AB - Following the incubation of plasma with a tracer amount of tritiated testosterone, the reaction mixture is separated into a sex hormone-binding globulin bound and an unbound fraction of radioligand using DEAE-cellulose columns placed in the incubator-separator module of the Centria radioimmunoassay centrifugal analyzer. Neural Tris-buffer elutes unbound steroid from the matrix, while acidic Tris-buffer can remove the protein-bound fraction in a subsequent step. Complementary and thus qualitatively equal results are obtained when counting either eluate. Comparison of this technique with an ammonium sulfate precipitation method showed high correlation. Free testosterone indices as determined by the Centria modification in a number of prepuberal children, normal men and women, as well as pregnant and hirsute women similar to those previously reported. PMID- 7247465 TI - Comparison of breast tumours evaluated by ultrasound, mammography, and clinical investigation. AB - One hundred eleven palpable breast tumours were evaluated clinically, by mammography, and by ultrasound; upon histological examination 51 of the tumours turned out to be malignant and 60 benign. In 44 tumours, which appeared malignant on the ultrasound scan, the axilla was also scanned and the findings were compared with the results of histological examination of excised lymph nodes. The diagnostic accuracy for malignancy of breast tumours was 86.3% for ultrasound scans, 80.4% for mammography, and 78.4% for clinical evaluation; the respective diagnostic accuracy for benign lesions was 88.3%, 85%, and 91.7%. Of 36 enlarged reactive or malignant lymph nodes, 32 were detected by ultrasound and only 18 by clinical examination. PMID- 7247466 TI - Combined use of beta-sympathomimetic drugs and beta-blockers during labour. AB - None of the betamimetics have a exclusively tocolytic effect. By stimulating the cardiovascular beta-receptor, they also cause a substantial increase in the heart rate and a decrease in blood pressure. We administered 4--5 micrograms/min of Fenoterol to 13 patients during the first stage of labour. This led to complete inhibition of labour. To reduce cardiac side effects, a primarily cardiac beta blocker (5 mg Atenolol or 20 mg Metoprolol) was also given. The maternal and fetal heart rates were measured by ECG and by fetal scalp-electrode, respectively. The fetal heart rate remained largely unchanged, both during the Fenoterol infusion as well as during the additional administration of the beta blocker. The maternal heart rate, which increased under the influence of the Fenoterol, fell (p less than or equal to 0.01) but did not return to normal. In all cases the beta-blockade led to a brief increase in uterine activity. PMID- 7247467 TI - Morphology of rabbit oviduct after microsurgical techniques for reanastomosis of the isthmus or ampulla. AB - Using microsurgical techniques and two layers of sutures, we reanastomosed 66 rabbit oviducts; 35 had been divided in the isthmic region and 31 in the ampullary region. With light microscopy as well as transmission and scanning electron microscopy we studied anastomosed segments and the rest of the oviducts 1 day, 1 week, and 4--12 weeks after operation. -- In the vicinity of the sutures we found slight scarring, some flattening of the mucosal epithelium with loss of differentiation and, most important, displacement of the mucosa into the muscle wall of the tube with the development of irregular diverticuli. The significance of these alterations and their possible relation to the occurrence of tubal ectopic pregnancy is discussed. We recommend that care should be taken to avoid the mucosa during total anastomosis. PMID- 7247468 TI - Plasma exchange in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Eight out of 10 patients studied longitudinally received benefit from plasmapheresis. The patients were used as their own controls, being treated in a steady state as far as was possible. Levels of circulating complexes did not bear a close relationship with clinical results. On the evidence plasma exchange alone does not appear to represent an important part of the long-term management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus but may well be of value in combination with other therapy. PMID- 7247470 TI - Acute adverse reactions attributed to allopurinol in hospitalised patients. AB - Of 29 524 hospitalised medical patients monitored in a drug surveillance programme 1835 (6.2%) received the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol. After the exclusion of skin reactions adverse effects were attributed to this drug in 33 (1.8%) patients, the most frequent being haematological abnormalities (11 patients, 0.6%) and diarrhoea and drug fever (5 each, 0.3%). Adverse effects were dose-related. Reactions were unrelated to age, weight, reason for therapy, admission blood urea, or albumin concentrations. Acute exacerbation of gout was troublesome in 3 patients (1 in 600 exposed). PMID- 7247469 TI - Aortic regurgitation in seropositive juvenile arthritis. AB - Seropositive juvenile chronic arthritis is a relatively uncommon form of childhood arthritis, but it often causes severe destruction of joints associated with considerable functional disability. During the last 7 years lone aortic regurgitation has been seen to develop in 4 such patients and pursue a particularly aggressive course. Sudden deterioration occurred in 2, 1 of whom required urgent aortic valve replacement and 1 died while awaiting assessment. Because of this it is important to include regular cardiac appraisal as part of the routine assessment in seropositive juvenile arthritis. PMID- 7247472 TI - Some in-vitro comparisons of synovial cells dispersed by trypsin from rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid synovium. AB - Life spans, growth rate, glucose utilisation, response to hydrocortisone, and intracellular activity of lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase of rheumatoid synovial cells in culture were compared with these properties in nonrheumatoid synovial cells. Except for a small group of RA cells derived from tissue explants, the cells were all isolated by trypsinisation of synovial tissue, either within intact joints or after synovectomy. Cell lines were established by passaging with trypsin. In a study of 56 nonrheumatoid and 24 rheumatoid synovial lines isolated during a 7-year period the latter were found to have a shortened mean life expectancy in culture, though there was wide variation between individual lines. This is in agreement with reported findings from untrypsinised explant-derived synovial lines. However, in the present study mean multiplication rates were identical for nonrheumatoid and rheumatoid synovial cells, and on clear differences could be demonstrated for the other properties studied. No correlation could be found between the life spans of synovial cell lines and the age of the cell donors, whether from rheumatoid or nonrheumatoid sources. Rheumatoid synovial cells isolated from intact joints were notable for especially high proportions of macrophage-like cells and suppression of fibroblasts. In most cases cell lines could not be established from these rheumatoid primary cultures, and in others the lines were short-lived. Early association with relatively high proportions of macrophage-like cells in rheumatoid cultures might thus be important in influencing the establishment and behaviour of synovial cell lines. PMID- 7247471 TI - Plasma viscosity--a new appraisal of its use as an index of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The suitability of the plasma viscosity (PV) test has been examined in relation to the more commonly used erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) estimations as a diagnostic aid in 120 outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and as an index of improvement during subsequent specific antirheumatic drug treatment (60 outpatients). Correlation data based on 7 clinical variables suggest that PV estimations are at least as reliable as ESR and CRP in terms of diagnosis and as indices of improvement. The methodological advantages offered by the PV test lend support to its application in RA. PMID- 7247473 TI - Characterisation of activated lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The extent and nature of lymphocyte activation in the circulation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from RA patients and healthy controls were separated into a number of discrete fractions by density in discontinuous Ficoll density gradients. Low density (activated) lymphocytes were found at significantly higher levels in RA, particularly in patients with clinically active disease. Conversely, patients with clinically inactive RA had normal levels of activated lymphocytes. Lymphocyte populations within the ficoll gradient fractions were detected by E rosettes, staining for surface Ig, and by different avidities of EA binding. The activated population in RA was shown to be relatively depleted of T cells, enriched in surface Ig-bearing lymphocytes, and depleted of lymphocytes with high avidity EA binding. The evidence suggests that many of the activated PBL in RA are B blasts. PMID- 7247474 TI - A metabolic dysfunction in early murine osteoarthritis. AB - Male mice of the STR/ORT strain spontaneously develop an osteoarthritis lesion in the medial tibial condyle. The appearance of the lesion is age-related and by about 15 months has affected almost all animals. Histochemical studies of lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities have shown that a region of inactive chondrocytes appears in the cartilage of these mice before major histological evidence of degeneration. It is suggested that this may be an early metabolic dysfunction, which subsequently leads to matrix breakdown due to the lack of essential enzyme cofactors. PMID- 7247475 TI - Dislocation of the manubriosternal joint in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease characterised by joint deformity and subluxation. Although many joints may be involved, dislocation of the manubriosternal joint is extremely rare. A case of dislocation of this in a woman with RA is presented. PMID- 7247477 TI - Hypothyroidism associated with mixed connective tissue disease and its response to steroid therapy. AB - The case is reported of a 49-year-old housewife who presented with arthralgia and severe Raynaud's phenomenon. A diagnosis of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) was made on the basis of the clinical picture and serological findings. During the course of her disease she developed hypothyroidism. She was started on prednisolone to control the symptoms of the MCTD, and after this her thyroid function returned to normal despite her never having had any thyroid replacement therapy. There is reported evidence that Hashimoto's thyroiditis responds to systemic steroid preparations, but we can find no report of hypothyroidism in MCTD having a similar response. PMID- 7247476 TI - Leaking rheumatoid olecranon bursitis as a cause of forearm swelling. AB - A patient with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and recurrent oedema of the forearm was shown to have a leak from a multilobulated olecranon bursa. PMID- 7247478 TI - Cauda equina syndrome complicating ankylosing spondylitis: use of electromyography and computerised tomography in diagnosis. AB - A case of the cauda equina syndrome complicating ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is described. An unusual feature of this case was the relapsing and remitting nature of the condition, but there is sufficient evidence to explain the clinical picture on the basis of a recurrent intraspinal inflammatory process. The clinical and radiological features are similar to those of a further 28 reported in the literature. An electromyogram (EMG) proved important in defining the extent of neurological involvement. Computerised tomography (CT) showed marked laminar erosion and no bony exit foramen encroachment. We believe that the clinical diagnosis of this condition can be adequately confirmed with plain radiology, EMG, and CT scan. PMID- 7247479 TI - [Microbial contamination of hospital departments]. PMID- 7247480 TI - [New trends in rabies vaccination]. AB - A brief review of the old and new proposed antirabies vaccines was treated. A better immunogenicity, safety and acceptability of the vaccines obtained from nonneural tissues was demonstrated. Some considerations about the human rabies pathogenesis and immunity were also briefly discussed. PMID- 7247482 TI - [Prospects of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines]. AB - The latest vaccines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) are reviewed. A ts-1 variant is being studied in the attempt to complete the attenuation of the vaccine strain. Further investigations of live RSV vaccine administered parenterally indicate that a target population over 6 months of age could benefit soon of this preparation. PMID- 7247481 TI - [Multiple virus vaccines and the interference phenomena]. AB - It is well known that interference between two viruses simultaneously infecting the same host may bring about the exclusion of one. When administering attenuated viruses for immunization purposes this fact should be theoretically taken into account. The present tendency of associating attenuated virus into multiple vaccines (trivalent polio, mumps-rubella-measles) is supported by their proved effectiveness. The reasons of the non-operativity of the interference mechanism in such conditions are discussed. PMID- 7247484 TI - [Incidence of rubella infection studied by detection of rubella virus antibodies in a school population of adolescent girls]. PMID- 7247483 TI - [Serological assay of measles and rubella immunity in a sample of infantile population in palermo (author's transl)]. AB - The antibodies to measles and rubella viruses were titrated in a sample of infantile population in Palermo in 1978. Measles antibodies were investigated in 900 children aged 0-15 years by the HI test; rubella antibodies in 120 girls aged 12-14 years by the hemolysis-in-gel test. A "saturation" level of immunity against measles virus as can be found in the adult population appeared to be attained at the age of 12-13 years. At this age however, about 28% of the girls were still not immunized against rubella virus. PMID- 7247485 TI - [Problems of rubella prevention: vaccination of 51 fertile young women with the Wister Ra 27/3 virus strain]. PMID- 7247486 TI - [Salmonellae in the district of Catanzaro: dynamics of serologic types and of sensitivity to antibiotics (author's transl)]. AB - We have examined Salmonellae isolated from patients in regional Hospital of Catanzaro from 1973 to 1978, and also the ones isolated from healthy people in order to detect the carriers from 1976 to 1978, and also the statements of salmonellosis from 1974 to 1978. We noticed a progressive increase of the cases of salmonellosis and a diminution of cases of typhoid fever which, anyway, is still rather relevant in comparison with other regions. All the types of S. isolated, their geographic distribution and their resistance to antibiotics are reported. PMID- 7247487 TI - [Synergic action of the combination of fosfomycin and kanendomycin against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria]. AB - Association between kanendomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with a high antibacterial activity, non susceptible to inactivating action of acetylating enzymes and fosfomycin, an antimicrobial drug active only on bacterial cells, and without toxicity in man, was studied by Authors. An evidence synergism of two examined drugs was found particularly against Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A discussion about mechanisms of action of fosfomycin and kanendomycin is referred by Authors to explain this synergism. PMID- 7247488 TI - [Compared evaluation of The "in vitro" activity of some aminoglicosides with semi automatic method (author's transl)]. AB - It is valued the antibacterial activity in vitro of amikacin, tobramicin and gentamicin on 154 bacterial Gram-negative urinary strains using a semi-automatic method ("Abac"). This evaluation is after that one on its accuracy comparing the results with those of the agar diffusion test (Kirby-Bauer). PMID- 7247489 TI - [Biliary bacterial flora. Preliminary note on 45 intra-operative bile cultures]. PMID- 7247490 TI - [Control of infections caused by environmental bacterial contamination. Survey of microbial populations in a Premature Infant Center]. PMID- 7247491 TI - [Tick-borne meningoencephalitis (TBE) in Italy]. PMID- 7247492 TI - [Incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in pregnant women in the 3d trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 7247493 TI - [Two cases of neonatal meningitis caused by "Enterobacter cloacae" (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases are reported of neonatal meningitis caused by Enterobacter cloacae. The two patients are alive; one is perfectly well, the other resulted in hydrocephalus. Both children came from the same neonatal Unit where the were given phototherapy. The importance of nosocomial infections is outlined and different aspects related to the etiology, the environment and the host (particularly immunologic deficits) are briefly reviewed. PMID- 7247494 TI - [The behaviour of platelets in some viral infectious diseases in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - To evidentiate a participation clinically not evident of thrombocytes during viral infections, the Authors performed platelets count in 207 children of age varying 7 months to 12 years from the diagnosis and during the course of the illness. A subclinical thrombocytopenia was revealed in 55% of children affected by measles, in 25% of mumps, in 45% of varicella, in 30% of german measles and in 55% of infectious mononucleosis. In all the cases we didn't observe hemorrhagic manifestations and platelets count has come back to normal and higher levels spontaneously. Previously the Authors discuss pathogenetic ways which may have a role in subclinically thrombocytopenia during viral infectious diseases. PMID- 7247497 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of tetanus based on the case records of the Santa Maria Nuova Hospital in Florence from 1969 to 1978]. PMID- 7247496 TI - [The importance of C-reactive protein (CRP) in scarlet fever diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Scarlet fever, especially in the mild and attenuated forms, proposes considerable diagnostic problems. The Authors, on the basis of their cases, remark the importance of C-reactive protein (CRP) positivity. After comparing the high initial positivity of this aspecific index of illness to the bacteriological pharyngeal findings and to the movement of antibodies against the Streptococcus, they think that CRP in scarlet fever may have a punctual significance, also for the ease and the quickness of this test. PMID- 7247495 TI - [The behaviour of kaliemia in young infants affected by pertussis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7247501 TI - Experimental "brucella melitensis" infection in New Zealand black (NZB) mice. PMID- 7247500 TI - ["Staphylococcus saprophyticus": a little known Staphylococcus (author's transl)]. AB - Enzymatic patterns, antibiotic sensitivity, penicillinase, production, mercury ion resistance have been studied in St. saprophyticus strains in comparison with St. epidermidis, both isolate from urinary infections of hospital patients. The St. saprophyticus has shown to have a lower number of virulence factors, to be more sensitive to antibiotics and to have a lower potential epidemiological value. PMID- 7247503 TI - [Immunological indexes of receptivity and seroconversion for rubella and toxoplasmosis in the province of Ferrara, Italy (author's transl)]. AB - In the province of Ferrara (Italy) a programme for the prophylaxis against some connatal infections has been carried out through a "Service for the epidemiology and prevention of connatal rubella and toxoplasmosis", which has been instituted in 1978. The investigations on two female groups of different age (prepuberal and adult fecund women) have allowed to obtain the following data: 1. rebella infection has a high incidence yet in prepuberal age (10 years) when a percentage of 62.1 women have already acquired a strong immunity; this percentage arises to 85.0 in adult fecund women. The "conversion index" of 22.9 corresponds to the percentage of subjects who have got the infection in postpuberal, "at risk" age; 2. toxoplasmosis has different epidemiological features; its incidence is lower, in prepuberal age (31.7%), while it is higher (63.4%) in adult fecund women. The highest incidence between 15 and 20 years, and the highest "conversion index" (31.7) underline that, notwithstanding its lower infectiousness, the risk of connatal toxoplasmosis is higher than that of connatal rubella, as far as our country is concerned. Such epidemiological investigations are believed to be necessary to carry out a really useful programme for the prevention of connatal rubella and toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7247499 TI - [Level of pollution of a section of the Setta stream and its affluents]. AB - A control has been made of the degree of pollution present in the waters of the Setta torrent and its affluents in the tract between the Sambro torrent in the Comune of Monzuno and the point of confluence with the river Reno; just before its junction with the Reno there is an aqueduct which supplies the population of Bologna with the most part of its drinking water. With this object in view, according to the Act of 10 May 1976, n degrees 319, which regulates the limits of acceptbility for waste water, bacteriological and ichthyotoxicological tests have been carried out (research of the number of fecal and total coliforms and Enterococci). The carried out tests confirm that the waters of the Setta torrent and its affluents, in the tract examined, have, with some slight reservation, a low degree of pollution and can be assigned, after being made drinkable, for domestic use. PMID- 7247502 TI - [Rubella seroepidemiology. proposal of a predictive mathmatical model (author's transl)]. AB - This paper deals with time dependent epidermic behaviour of rubella. The hypothesis that ten classes of immuno-response (Stewart test) can be reduced to three is assumed (= low, intermediate and high level). Upon these conditions a mathematical model is developed and tested using experimental data measured during six years over 1288 subjects. Initial conditions, time-constants and transition probability for the model are also estimated from experimental data. PMID- 7247504 TI - [Microbiological testing of commercial ice cream in Messina as required by the Ministerial Ordinance of 11 October 1978]. AB - The Authors in accordance with the Government Ordinance of the October 11, 1978, made a microbiological control on 50 artisan made ice-creams produced in Messina town in March-April 1979. The 24% of the products analyzed presented one or more parameters not in conformity with the law; whereas 34.78% of the 23 locals controlled commercialised not completely hygienic ice-creams. Commenting the results obtained the Authors wish that the application of the law should have principally an educational and not punishing aim. PMID- 7247498 TI - [Incidence of HBeAg in hemodialysis patients: preliminary data (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of HBeAg in HBsAg positive hemodialysis patients in reported. 21.2% of hemodialysis patients have been resulted positive for serum HBsAg. 63.6% of HBsAg positive patients resulted to have HBeAg in their serum. Anti-HBe antibody was never found. The Authors emphasize the importance of HBeAg in hemodialysis patients to evaluate their infectivity. PMID- 7247507 TI - [Determination of secretory IgA in the vaginal lavage fluid of subjects with uterine cervix tumours in the second stage]. PMID- 7247505 TI - [Plant antigens with immunological properties. III. Separation of a biologically active fraction in a grass pollen extract]. AB - In present paper a partial biochemical study concerning two grass pollens (Poa pratensis and Phleum pratense) is carried out. On Sephadex G-75 three fractions were detected by an extract from the grass pollens. Only the third fraction shows a biological activity and biochemical findings are in agreement with the presence of four polipeptidic subfractions of different molecular weights ranged between 10,000 and 14,500. Specific additionals trials (ultracentrifugation, disc electrophoresis, thyn-layer electrophoresis, isoelectric-focusing, immunological studies) are carried out to confirm the observed nature of prevalent material in pollens. PMID- 7247506 TI - [Determination of vaginal secretory IgA in subjects with vaginitis caused by a mixed "coccacea" flora]. PMID- 7247509 TI - [Cysticercosis]. PMID- 7247508 TI - HbsAb content in commercial immunoglobins. PMID- 7247510 TI - The management and treatment of malaria (a personal view). PMID- 7247511 TI - Rapid diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 7247512 TI - Cerebral cysticercosis. Light- and electron microscopy report on one case. PMID- 7247513 TI - The role of insects in dispersing eggs of tapeworms, in particular Taeniarhynchus saginatum. I. Review of the literature. PMID- 7247514 TI - [Intestinal transit in the larva of Simulium damnosum complex (Diptera, Simuliidae) in West Africa. III. Influence of the larval stage, the nyctohemeral periods and the season]. PMID- 7247515 TI - [Intestinal transit in the larva of Simulium damnosum complex (Diptera, Simuliidae) in West Africa. IV. Consequences of the variations observed in the time of complete transit and the volume ingested by units of time]. PMID- 7247516 TI - [Simulium albivirgulatum Wanson et Henrard, 1944, vector of Onchocerca volvulus, in the Central Basin region of Zaire. Preliminary note]. PMID- 7247518 TI - A note on the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni in Kindu and Kasongo, Kivu area, Zaire. PMID- 7247517 TI - [Diphtheria: incidence, clinical manifestations and complications in urban environment of Kinshasa, Zaire]. PMID- 7247519 TI - Evaluation and treatment of chronic digital ischemia. AB - Forty-two patients were evaluated and treated during the past five years at the Union Memorial Hospital Hand Center with the diagnosis of chronic digital ischemia. These patients with this syndrome, manifested by pain, severe cold intolerance and occasional tip ulceration, all were failures of conventional conservative treatment of vasodilators, tobacco abstinence and beta blocking agents. The evaluation consisted of first ruling out large vessel disease by noninvasive techniques of angiography. The patients underwent a variety of noninvasive diagnostic tests including Doppler examination, pulse volume recordings with cold stress, radioisotope scanning of the digital circulation and peripheral sympathetic block of the digital nerves. Treatment included direct microvascular reconstruction of the distal ulnar or radial artery and palmar arch, in ten patients, thermal biofeedback, in 22 patients and a new surgical procedure-digital sympathectomy, in ten patients, involving 18 digits. Eight of ten patients with palmar arch reconstruction improved with seven of ten having patent vein grafts. Thermal biofeedback has been helpful in 20 patients. Testing shows that an increase in digital perfusion can be initiated by all patients. However, only 70% can achieve this improvement. Digital sympathectomy consists of isolating the terminal branches of the sympathetic nerves which travel with the peripheral nerves, dividing these branches and stripping the adventitia of the digital arteries. Eight of nine patients have the experienced improvement in digital circulation, as manifested by pulse volume recordings after operation and radioisotope studies. Pain is substantially alleviated and the ulcers healed. All of these patients responded before operation to the digital nerve block with measured increased in digital perfusion. PMID- 7247520 TI - Infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm: factors influencing survival after operation performed over a 25-year period. AB - This report is concerned with the factors influencing survival in 920 consecutive patients submitted to operation for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm during the past 25 years. Rupture had occurred in 60 patients (6.5%) and survival was 77%, which did not vary during the period of study. Of the 860 patients (93.5%) treated for nonrupture, 819 (95%) survived operation. The mortality rate in this group varied from 18%, in the earlier period to 1.43% , in recent years. Risk factors including heart disease, hypertension, and advanced age accounted for 95% of the deaths that occurred within 30 days however, the mortality rate in patients with these problems decreased from 19.2% to 1.9% during the period of study although the average number of patients treated each year with these risk factors increased tenfold. Improvements in operative techniques and experience were responsible for decreasing mortality up to about 1971. Subsequent decrease in mortality was due to improvements in anesthesia, monitoring, and other supportive measures during operation and the early recovery period. Complete survival information was obtained in 816 (99.6%) patients, 191 of whom had been treated for periods over 15 years. Factors influencing long-term survival were associated disease and age at time of operation. Survival in percentage in patients without associated heart disease of hypertension for 5, 10, and 15 years was 84, 49, and 21; with heart disease, it was 54, 34, and 17. The median age of patients in the series was 65.5 years and survival at above intervals according to quartile was less than or equal to 60; 71, 53, and 24; 60 less than age less than or equal to 71; 66, 38, and 18; less greater than 71; 43, 13, and 11. PMID- 7247521 TI - Spontaneous linear tears of the stomach in the newborn infant. AB - Spontaneous linear tears in the stomach of the newborn infant can be lethal. While the etiology of this problem is unknown, pneumatic rupture of the stomach seems to be the most logical explanation for the gastric tear. The mechanism is much like Boerhaave's syndrome, the stomach being the target organ. Tremendous intragastric pressures may result because of incoordination and immaturity of the vomiting mechanism in the infant. The perforation occurs characteristically within the first seven days of life. Mortality is high, and surgical intervention is urgent. Three such patients have been successfully managed during the past 15 years. These patients are presented in detail, and the esophageal motilities in two of the survivors are presented. Pressure studies with rupture of cadaver stomachs and esophagi of newborn infants and adults are also presented in an effort to better understand the pathogenesis of this gastric catastrophy. Discussion of the diagnosis and management is also included in the presentation. PMID- 7247522 TI - Treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure by total parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autograft. AB - Sixty-one patients with chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism underwent total parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autograft. Symptoms relieved by parathyroidectomy included bone pain, pruritus, soft tissue calcification, muscle weakness and healing of fractures. Serum parathormone levels measured before and after operation in 48 patients returned to normal in all but two patients. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels also returned toward normal after operation, except in one patient with a retained parathyroid gland. Complete radiographic studies before and after operation were available in 30 of 61 patients. Twenty-three of 24 patients with osteitis fibrosa had evidence of healing, and in one patient no change occurred. Osteosclerosis noticed in 23 patients improved slightly in eight patients, did not change in 14 and became worse in one. Pathologic examinations revealed 45 patients to have diffuse hyperplasia and 16 nodular hyperplasia. There were two early postoperative deaths, in the first 30 days, and 16 late postoperative deaths, from four months to four years afterward. In no case did the operation contribute to death. Some patients required the administration of supplemental calcium after operation, but in no instance did profound hypocalcemia occur. No patient developed recurrent hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7247523 TI - The surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism: a personal series. AB - Primary hyperparathyroidism includes a spectrum of abnormalities relative to the size and histologic characteristics of the diseased glands. The lack of uniform agreement upon pathological interpretation and discrepancies between gross and histologic findings perpetuate the controversy regarding the mass of parathyroid tissue necessary to be resected. From 1960 to 1978, 193 primary hyperparathyroid patients (aged 20-80 years; mean: 55 years) were operated on by the senior author with a mean follow-up of 41.5 months. An approach evolved that included gross identification of all parathyroid tissue with frozen section confirmation and assessment of cellularity-the latter modifying the extent of parathyroid resection in 11 patients (11%) of 100 patients who had biopsies of at least four parathyroids. Overall persistence and recurrence rates of hypercalcemia were 6.2% (12 patients) and 1% (two patients), respectively, despite routine biopsy in 100 patients. No permanent hypocalcemia developed, but five patients (2.6%) were hypocalcemia one to 16 weeks postoperatively. No operative deaths occurred. Submission of additional parathyroid tissue by routine biopsy disclosed a higher prevalence of nodular hyperplasia than usually found, and the clinical significance of this finding is discussed. With findings based on gross and microscopic intraoperative study, the authors believe, the surgeon is better able to categorize pathologic variants of hyperparathyroidism and better equipped to deal with recurrent disease. PMID- 7247524 TI - Mediastinal parathyroid tumors: experience with 38 tumors requiring mediastinotomy for removal. AB - Most hyperfunctioning parathyroid tumors situated in the mediastinum can be removed by means of a cervical approach. However, a few tumors, because of their location deep in the chest, require mediastinotomy for removal. These tumors are probably derived from parathyroid glands that have developed from the third branchial pouch. Between 1942 and 1980, 38 such tumors were removed at the Mayo Clinic, using a sternum-splitting procedure. With one exception, the patients had undergone previous parathyroid exploration, Almost all of the patients had significant complications of primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Thirty-seven patients (97%) were cured after removal of their mediastinal parathyroid tumors, but postoperative chest complications were encountered in eight patients (21%), and eight have permanent hypoparathyroidism. Six patients had selective arteriography, two had selective thyroid venous sampling and parathyroid hormone assay, and 13 had mediastinal computed tomography in an attempt to localize tumors before operation. The anatomic locations of the tumors at operation were variable, but the vast majority (68%) were in or near the thymus. PMID- 7247528 TI - Vein to artery grafts. A quantitative study of revascularization by vasa vasorum and its relationship to intimal hyperplasia. AB - Iliolumbar vein to iliac artery grafts were placed in 40 rats by microsurgical technique. Groups of animals were perfused with fixative at eight intervals between one and 20 weeks after operation, and sections of the graft and control arteries (the opposite iliacs) were analyzed microscopically. The revascularization of the graft by capillaries commenced within the first postoperative week. The level of vascularity (capillaries per cross-sectional mm2) increased during the first four weeks, maintained a constant level and declined after week 16. The grafts of the 17--20 week group were substantially less vascular than the earlier groups. Intimal thickening commenced at three to four weeks after operation, i.e. during the period of increasing graft vascularity. The mean intimal proportion of the graft was 14% at four to five weeks and at 17--20 weeks was 35% of the cross-sectional area of the graft wall. However, the actual thickness of the intima did not increase significantly with time, rather the whole graft wall tended to become thinner. At 17--20 weeks grafts which showed a high degree of intimal thickening had significantly fewer capillaries within their walls. Quantitative evidence is presented to suggest that the continued growth of the graft intima may not be supported by a similar increase in the number of vasa vasorum. Therefore, it is suggested that the reduced level of vascularity in grafts with hyperplastic intimae may form an ischemic basis for degenerative changes which are known to take place in some long-term grafts. PMID- 7247527 TI - Selection of high risk groups among prognostically favorable patients with breast cancer. AB - In a prospective, nationwide, decentralized breast cancer project conducted by The Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG) the recurrence rate within the first year after surgery was analysed in relation to tumor anaplasia. One thousand forty-eight patients met the requirements of eligibility, i.e. tumor size less than or equal to 5 cm with negative axillary nodes, and no skin or deep invasion. The recurrence rates in tumors with anaplasia Grades I, II, and III were 4, 9, and 14%, respectively (p = 0.001). Therefore, it seems possible, prospectively, among otherwise prognostically favorable patients, to select a group with high risk of recurrence which might benefit from adjuvant systemic therapy. PMID- 7247526 TI - EEA stapler and omental graft in esophagogastrectomy: experience with 30 intrathoracic anastomoses for cancer. AB - Experience with the EEA stapler device used in 30 esophagogastric resections for cancer with intrathoracic anastomosis, is reported. The mortality rate was 13.3%. The anastomotic failure rate was 3.3% (1/30) with only one death; three asymptomatic blind fistulas were found on a routine contrast examination of the anastomosis. It is felt that esophagogastric EEA stapled anastomosis associated with an omental graft is a very safe technique. PMID- 7247525 TI - Influence of injury and nutrition on muscle water electrolytes: effect of elective operation. AB - Injury is followed by a sequence of metabolic alterations which include fluid and sodium retention. This study used the percutaneous biopsy technique to analyze changes in muscle composition in regions nonadjacent to the area of surgical injury. The effect of nutritional intake on the changes observed in emphasized. Twenty-eight patients undergoing colectomy and 22 patients undergoing total hip replacement were studied. The patients undergoing colectomy resections received total parenteral nutrition with varying nitrogen intake. The patients undergoing hip replacement received either a) 5% dextrose solutions, b) 3.5% amino acid solutions, or c) both. Muscle biopsy procedures were performed preoperatively and postoperatively (day three on the colectomy patients) (day four on the hip replacement patients). The role of inactivity was assessed in eight healthy subjects maintained on strict bedrest for four days. Four subjects received a regular diet, while four received 5% dextrose solution for four days. The tissue samples were analyzed for water, sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, and in selected cases glycogen. No significant effects of bedrest with either a regular diet or semistarvation were observed. Surgical injury caused an increase in muscle water, sodium, and chloride while there was a slight reduction in potassium in all groups, with the exception of those colectomy patients who received no amino acids after operation. There was no effect of varying the level of nitrogen intake in the colectomy patients, nor was there an effect of different hypocaloric infusions, in the hip replacement patients. The colectomy patients on admission to the hospital, showed some signs of prior nutritional depletion. After receiving four days of preoperative nutrition, there was a decrease in extracellular water, in sodium and chloride towards normal values. Following injury, there was an increase in muscle water, sodium and chloride, while potassium decreased slightly. In the postoperative period there were only minimal effects of nutritional intake on the observed changes. PMID- 7247531 TI - Influence of cold on stress ulceration and on gastric mucosal blood flow and energy metabolism. AB - "Ice-cold" gastric lavage is an important part of the treatment of bleeding from stress ulceration. The purpose of this study was to find out if cooling modifies ischemic injury of the gastric mucosa. Four series of experiments were performed in rabbits. In the first, we studied the influence of cooling on the rate of breakdown of gastric mucosal high energy phosphates during complete, ex vivo ischemia achieved by rapid excision of the stomach. We then studied the influence of cold versus warm gastric lavage on the severity of gastric mucosal injury and on the rate of breakdown of gastric mucosal adenosine phosphates during hemorrhagic shock. In a fourth series of experiments, we examined the influence of cold versus warm gastric lavage on gastric mucosal blood flow measured by injection of radioactive microspheres. Although the rate of breakdown of mucosal high energy phosphates was less rapid during a short period of complete, ex vivo ischemia when the stomach was cooled, this rate was more rapid during hemorrhagic shock under in vivo conditions when the stomach was lavaged with cold solution. The latter also increased the severity of shock-induced gastric mucosal injury. Cold gastric lavage reduced gastric mucosal blood flow before, during and after hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 7247530 TI - Effects of vagotomy and gastrectomy on pancreatic glucagon release. AB - The effects of gastrectomy and vagotomy on pancreatic glucagon release were investigated clinically. The study included 20 men and eight women, who ranged in age from 28 to 69 years, and who were divided into the following four groups: 1) patients with gastroduodenal ulcers treated with partial gastrectomy, by the Billroth I method, whose hepatic branch was preserved (n = 7). 2) Patients with gastroduodenal ulcers treated with partial gastrectomy, by the Billroth II method, whose hepatic branch was preserved (n = 7). 3) Patients with gastric carcinoma treated with subtotal gastrectomy, by the Billroth I method. In these cases lymphadenectomy required section of the hepatic branch (n = 7). 4) Patients with gastric carcinoma treated with subtotal gastrectomy, by the Billroth II method. In these cases lymphadenectomy required section of the hepatic branch (n = 7). Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in 10 patients, before operation, and in 28 gastrectomized and vagotomized patients. In the preoperative patients and in the first group, oral glucose (50g) suppressed pancreatic glucagon release, but in the other groups pancreatic glucagon levels were markedly increased. PMID- 7247532 TI - Total mastectomy with complete axillary dissection. AB - A technique for total mastectomy with complete axillary dissection, which uses division of the insertion of the sternal portion of the pectoralis major muscle, preservation of its innervation, reconstruction after completion of the dissection and resection of the pectoralis minor muscle has been evaluated for 115 consecutive procedures. This modification facilitates a thorough axillary dissection, while preserving the cosmetic and functional benefits of the Patey operation. PMID- 7247533 TI - Operative and nonoperative management of esophageal perforations. AB - During a 21-year period, 72 patients were treated for esophageal perforations; the diagnosis was made only at postmortem examination in 13 other patients. Fifty eight of 85 patients (68%) sustained iatrogenic perforations, 11 patients (13%) had "spontaneous" perforation, nine patients (11%) had foreign body related perforation, and seven patients (8%) had perforation caused by external trauma. Eleven cervical perforations, contained between the cervical paravertebral structures, plus eight thoracic perforations, contained in the mediastinum, were treated with antibiotics, intravenous hydration, and nasogastric drainage. The mortality rate after this nonoperative approach was 16% (3/19 patients). Indications for operative treatment in 53 patients were hydropneumothorax with mediastinal emphysema, sepsis, shock and respiratory failure. The operative mortality rate in these instances was 17% (9/53 patients). Six of the nine patients who died had been operated on more than 24 hours after the onset of symptoms. For cervical perforations the best results were obtained by drainage plus repair of the perforation (mortality rate: 0%; 0/10 patients) and for thoracic perforations by suturing supported by a pedicled pleural flap (mortality rate: 11%; 1/9 patients). Simple drainage of thoracic perforation was followed by a mortality rate of 43% (3/7 patients). PMID- 7247529 TI - Malignant melanoma. Prognostic significance of "microscopic satellites" in the reticular dermis and subcutaneous fat. AB - A review of the microscope slides of the primary tumors for 596 patients with clinical Stage I melanoma revealed that primary lesions displayed two distinct patterns of invasion: 1) single cell invasion with direct extension of the main body of tumor into the reticular dermis or subcutaneous fat, and 2) invasion with "microscope satellites" (i.e. discrete tumor nests greater than 0.05 mm in diameter, that were separated from the main body of the tumor by normal reticular dermal collagen or subcutaneous fat). The five-year disease free survival rate for 95 patients with "microscopic satellites" was 36% +/- 6%. This is in contrast to a five-year disease free survival rate of 89% +/- 2% for 501 patients without these satellites (p = 4.3 x 10(-29), generalized Wilcoxon test). "Microscopic satellites" (present vs absent) was comparable to histologic ulceration in its additive prognostic effect of tumor thickness (Breslow). PMID- 7247536 TI - Impact of choledochoscopy on the management of choledocholithiasis. Experience with 499 common duct explorations at the Massachusetts General Hospital. AB - This report summarizes the experience with 144 choledochoscopic examinations performed in the course of 499 common bile duct explorations for stones. Routine choledochoscopy added 15--20 minutes to the operation and caused no complications. In 24% of the patients, additional stones were discovered with the choledochoscope after completion of routine bile duct exploration. In spite of this, the incidence of retained stones found postoperatively remained 4%, with or without choledochoscopy. The factors contributing to the failure of choledochoscopy, thus far, to prevent all retained stones are identified as inexperience of surgeons learning to perform biliary endoscopy, failure to scan the biliary tree systematically and thoroughly (including the left hepatic duct), and failure to reach the duodenum with the choledochoscope, meaning failure to see the lower segment of the common duct and ampullary orifice. With a modicum of experience and attention to detail, it should be possible to reduce considerably further the number of retained stones. PMID- 7247534 TI - Long-term follow-up of the combined fundic patch fundoplication for treatment of longitudinal peptic strictures of the esophagus. AB - Optimum treatment of patients with esophageal strictures requires of the operating surgeon a wide repertoire of procedures suited to the individual circumstance. The Thal-Nissen procedure should be used in the patient with a longitudinal transmural stricture which cannot be easily dilated. When used in this setting, it widens the distal esophagus with a patch of well vascularized fundus and provides extremely effective protection against gastroesophageal reflux. Sixty-eight patients at the University of Florida underwent combined Thal Nissen procedures for longitudinal peptic strictures. Operative mortality rate was 4%. The average length of follow-up was 68 months. Fifty-seven of 68 patients had an acceptable result (84%). Four per cent had an early recurrence of their stricture, while an additional 4% had late recurrence of their strictures, after an initially good response period of from two to 11 years. Four of the six patients with poor results had either achalasia, scleroderma, or diffuse esophageal spasm. The combined Thal-Nissen procedure represents the optimum therapy for the patient with an undilatable transmural stricture of the esophagus. When used in this setting, satisfactory results will be achieved in a large majority of patients with an extremely low operative mortality rate. Colonic or jejunal interposition should be reserved for those patients who either fail to respond to a combined Thal-Nissen procedure or who demonstrate sufficiently disordered peristalsis to render the esophagus an unsatisfactory conduit for the passage of food. PMID- 7247535 TI - Modified endorectal procedure for management of long-segment aganglionosis. AB - During the past five years, 65 patients with Hirschsprung's disease have been treated at our institution. Ten of these patients had long-segment aganglionosis, five with total colonic involvement, four with aganglionosis to the midtransverse colon, and one child with Hirschsprung's disease extending to the distal jejunum. There are six females and four males in the series, which is a reversal of the normal sex ratio for aganglionosis. An extensive literature review of long segment Hirschsprung's disease has revealed a total of 489 reported cases. The mean frequency of long-segment aganglionosis in the literature is 12% of all cases of aganglionosis. Our series is comparable, with an incidence of 15%. The overall mortality rate in the literature of 54% indicates the poor therapeutic results obtained with this disease in the past. All ten of our patients have been definitively treated with a modified endorectal pull-through procedure. The mortality rate with this procedure has been zero. There has been one major complication (incorrect pathologic diagnosis of the level of aganglionosis) and four minor complications. The average follow-up period is 42.6 months. The functional results have been excellent with an average of three to four soft bowel movements per day. All of the children over 3 years of age are completely toilet trained. The remaining two patients are too young to be toilet trained, but are continent in the sense that they do not soil between bowel movements. Awareness of this entity of long-segment aganglionosis should lead to earlier diagnosis, appropriate operative therapy, and lower mortality rates. PMID- 7247537 TI - Pancreatic pseudocysts. A follow-up study. AB - From 1968 to 1978, 37 men and 14 women, with a median age of 43 years, were operated on for a pancreatic pseudocyst. Alcohol abuse was the dominating cause in 65% of the patients. Internal drainage (medium risk patients) was carried out in 76%, external drainage (high risk patients) in 12%, and pancreatic resection (low risk patients) in 12% of the patients. The hospital mortality rate was 14%. The patients who died were significantly older than those discharged from the hospital alive. At the time of follow-up (1--11 years, median: 4 years) after operation, a further 13% had died. Thirty per cent of the alcoholic and none of the nonalcoholic patients had severe pain at follow-up examination. Evaluated by their ability to work and pain, the late results were poorer for the alcoholics who continued drinking, better for alcoholics who had stopped drinking and best for nonalcoholics. PMID- 7247538 TI - Myocardial function in acute pancreatitis. AB - Fifteen patients with acute pancreatitis had 68 physiologic cardiopulmonary assessments performed, and they were compared with 61 performed on normal postoperative patients, and 113 on 41 cirrhotics. It was found that the patients with pancreatitis have an elevated cardiac index (CI), which is not due to the hyperdynamic hemodynamic state found in cirrhotics. In spite of this, the Sarnoff curves demonstrated that pancreatitis was accompanied by a myocardial depression p less than 0.03, not found in hyperdynamic cirrhotics. Cirrhotics are unable to increase their oxygen consumption in response to an increase in CI, as do normal patients or those with acute pancreatitis. In cirrhotics the hemodynamic lesion occurs at the capillary level with the opening of arteriovenous shunts which rob the tissues of their nutritive blood supply, while the patient with acute pancreatitis has a primary myocardial depression and his peripheral vasculature reacts like that of a normal person. PMID- 7247539 TI - Fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid arteries. Clinical experience and follow-up. AB - Fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid arteries is a rare condition that may cause transient ischemic attacks, stroke and death. The preferred method of treatment of symptomatic lesions is graduated dilatation. Over a six year period, we have dilated 18 lesions. During a follow-up period ranging from 13 to 70 months (mean: 48.3 months), none of the patients operated on has developed a stroke or "hard" ocular/neurologic symptoms in the territory of the artery/arteries operated upon. Additionally, no patient has developed a stroke related to the contralateral asymptomatic, and consequently unoperated, carotid artery. Five patients with global symptoms have not had either carotid artery dilated and none has developed transient ischemic attacks or stroke during a follow-up period ranging from 22 to 100 months (mean: 42 months). These data demonstrate that a rational plan of management is dilatation of lesions associated with hard ocular/neurologic symptoms and nonoperative management of asymptomatic patients and patients with global symptoms. PMID- 7247541 TI - Prediction of small bowel viability using Doppler ultrasound. Clinical and experimental evaluation. AB - The operative determination of small bowel viability following strangulation obstruction or mesenteric vascular occlusion remains a problem. In the canine model, Doppler ultrasound was used to predict intestinal viability in segments of small bowel subjected to mesenteric venous occlusion. This was compared with small bowel electromyography and the short- and long-term clinical courses. If flow was consistently heard on the antimesenteric border, the bowel remained viable, had return of slow waves on electromyography, and did not develop strictures during a six-month follow-up period. Four clinical cases are presented where Doppler ultrasound was utilized to supplement the usual methods of determining small bowel viability. Doppler ultrasound is a rapid, noninvasive method of determining small bowel viability. PMID- 7247543 TI - Management of nontraumatic chylothorax. AB - Twenty-two patients with chylothorax have been treated at the National Institutes of Health since 1955. In 9 of these patients, the condition resulted from an antecedent operation and in 13, it occurred without a history of prior operation (nontraumatic). All 6 of the patients with tumors in whom nontraumatic chylothorax developed had a lymphoma. Four of these 6 also had a chylous ascites, while 6 of the 7 patients without tumors had an associated chylous ascites. Only 3 of the 13 patients with nontraumatic chylothorax responded to nonoperative therapy alone with stabilization of the pleural effusions. A single patient with systemic lupus erythematosus responded to steroid therapy. In contrast, 3 of 4 patients who underwent thoracotomy for nontraumatic chylothorax had permanent relief of their chylous pleural effusions. In the absence of medically treatable disease, thoracotomy with ligation of the thoracic duct and/or pleurectomy or pleurodesis can provide substantial palliation for patients with nontraumatic chylothorax, even when a discrete source of lymph leakage cannot be localized or ascites is present. Early surgical therapy of nontraumatic chylothorax is advocated in such circumstances. PMID- 7247542 TI - Diagnosis and management of postoperative pericardial effusions and late cardiac tamponade following open-heart surgery. AB - The clinical and laboratory findings of 28 patients identified as having late pericardial effusions were examined. Eleven of these patients were asymptomatic; 9 patients had moderate symptoms including fatigue, malaise, weight gain, and dyspnea on exertion, and 8 patients with similar symptoms had evidence of cardiac tamponade. Ten patients underwent right heart catheterization in the intensive care unit; normal hemodynamics were confirmed in 4 and cardiac tamponade in 6 patients. Pericardiocentesis was effective in decompressing cardiac tamponade in 7 of 8 patients. One patient required operative subxiphoid drainage after unsuccessful pericardiocentesis. In addition, 5 patients with moderate clinical symptoms and pericardial effusions, who did not have cardiac tamponade, underwent pericardiocentesis because of a need for chronic anticoagulant therapy. The remaining patients were managed successfully by observation, discontinuation of warfarin when possible, fluid restriction, and diuretic therapy. All but 1 patient was symptomatically improved. A diagnostic and therapeutic schema is presented as an aid to early recognition of this troublesome and potentially lethal complication. PMID- 7247540 TI - Neutrophils dysfunction during the course of intra-abdominal infection. AB - Twenty-four patients with intra-peritoneal infections were studied sequentially to evaluate neutrophil chemotaxis, spontaneous migration, and chemiluminescence. In six patients, infection was due to spontaneous disease processes and 18 others, infection was a sequel of intra-abdominal operation. In the patients studied prior to drainage, operation chemotaxis, spontaneous migration and chemiluminescence were all significantly depressed. Operation resulted in a further depression of these functions, and recovery of neutrophil migratory responses was delayed for two weeks. During the period of functional depression, 16 patients developed recurrent infections (nine episodes of intra-abdominal abscess, and 12 episodes of extra-abdominal infection). These infection were associated with a fall-off in neutrophil migratory and chemiluminescence responses prior to clinical evidence of infection. This study suggests that the delayed recovery of neutrophil function may be related to the recurrent infection seen in this patient population. Further, monitoring of neutrophil function in patients recovering from intra-abdominal infection may provide early evidence of recurrent infection. PMID- 7247544 TI - Repair of major intracardiac anomalies associated with atrioventricular discordance. AB - Thirty-five patients with atrioventricular (AV) discordance underwent repair of major intracardiac defects. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the most frequently encountered lesion, present alone or in combination with other lesions in 86% of these patients. Pulmonary stenosis (51%) and tricuspid insufficiency (37%) were the other lesions encountered. The initial operative mortality of 8.6% is approaching that for these same defects when repaired in the patient with normal atrioventricular connections. However, the late mortality of 19% with an average follow-up of 4.4 years is higher than expected in the absence of AV discordance. Reoperation for residual or recurrent defects was required in 9 of the 32 survivors and was associated with a mortality of 33%. Seven of the 9 reoperations were required for tricuspid valve dysfunction. Elective repair of major anomalies in association with AV discordance can be accomplished safely, but these patients require careful long-term follow-up in anticipation of late problems. PMID- 7247546 TI - Isolated partial anomalous venous connection: a congenital defect with late and serious complications. AB - The cases of 3 patients with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return with intact atrial septum are reported. The 2 adult patients had evidence of severe pulmonary artery hypertension with markedly increased pulmonary vascular resistance indicating advanced pulmonary vascular obstructive disease. This confirms earlier limited observations and emphasizes the potential for this congenital lesion to develop late, serious complications. In view of this potential, surgical repair of the anomaly should be considered whenever it is found. Descriptions of a successful operative approach are included. PMID- 7247545 TI - Glenn shunt: long-term results and current role in congenital heart operations. AB - Fifty cyanotic patients (aged 2 days to 22 years) underwent Glenn shunts for tricuspid atresia and other cyanotic heart defects. Thirteen of 15 operative deaths occurred in infants less than 4 months old, and only 1 death has occurred in the last 9 years. Results were poor in patients with Ebstein's anomaly, truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great vessels, and complex defects other than tricuspid atresia and univentricular heart. Of the 35 patients followed from 0.9 to 14.8 years, 12 were followed for more than 10 years. None of the 11 late deaths could be attributed to complications of the shunt. Minimal evidence of intrapulmonary shunting was found by angiography, pulmonary venous oximetry, or radioisotopic studies. Late deterioration due to venous collaterals and decreased flow to the opposite lung necessitated Blalock-Taussig shunts in 6 and Fontan procedures in 10. All survived the Fontan procedures with minimal morbidity. These data support the concept that Glenn shunts do not necessarily result in pulmonary abnormalities and may be indicated as a staged procedure in a few selected patients prior to a Fontan procedure. PMID- 7247548 TI - Clinical and experimental evaluation of left ventriculoiliac shunt bypass during repair of lesions of the descending thoracic aorta. AB - Temporary ventriculoiliac bypass with a tridodecylmethylammonium chloride-coated shunt has been used routinely at the University of North Carolina for the past seven years for repair of lesions of the descending thoracic aorta. Although the technic appears to be safe and reliable, the hemodynamic effects of prolonged nonvalved apical diversion on left ventricular function are not defined. To evaluate left ventricular performance during ventriculoiliac shunt bypass, the procedure was investigated in adult sheep. Systolic flow through the shunt was pulsatile and accounted for approximately 35% of the total cardiac output. Reversed flow was minimal. No significant change occurred in cardiac output, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, or left atrial pressure. Perfusion of the abdominal viscera through the shunt was sufficient to prevent intestinal and renal ischemia. Our results indicate that the shunt provides left ventricular decompression without evidence of deterioration in left ventricular performance for up to three hours of apical bypass and aortic occlusion. It is included that bypass with a left ventriculoiliac shunt provides safe and effective diversion during repair of lesions of the descending thoracic aorta and offers and excellent alternative to methods involving greater technical hazard or requiring systemic anticoagulation. PMID- 7247547 TI - Infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage: surgical treatment and long-term results. AB - Since 1971, 20 infants (1 day to 3 months old) with infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) have undergone repair at The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London. All patients were seen with severe cyanosis (mean partial pressure of arterial oxygen, 35.8 mm Hg) and pulmonary edema. All had a persistent ductus arteriosus. Right-sided pressures were equal to or greater than systemic in 17 patients. During surgical repair, the confluence of the pulmonary veins was anastomosed to the left atrium. The descending vein was ligated in 11, divided in 4, and left open in 5 patients. Atrial septal defects were closed with a patch in 6 and sutured in 14. Eight patients died (40%). Acidosis on admission was significantly greater among nonsurvivors (mean pH, 7.29 +/- 0.02) than survivors (mean ph, 7.37 +/- 0.02) (p less than 0.05). Twelve survivors are well four months to 8 years after operation. All are asymptomatic and none requires cardiac medication. Six have undergone repeat catheterization, demonstrating normal pressures and no shunts. We conclude that the mortality of patients with infradiaphragmatic TAPVD depends mainly on the condition of the child on admission. PMID- 7247549 TI - One-stage surgical treatment of cardiac and pulmonary echinococcosis. AB - The case of a 26-year-old woman with cardiac and pulmonary echinococcosis is presented. Surgical treatment of the intrathoracic disease was done in a one stage operation. Under cardiopulmonary bypass, a left ventricular hydatid cyst and a lower lobe pulmonary cyst were removed. The patient is completely asymptomatic and is leading a normal life two years after operation. PMID- 7247550 TI - Implantation of permanent transvenous atrial J lead using lateral view fluoroscopy. AB - Fifty consecutive, tined, atrial J leads were implanted for atrial and atrioventricular sequential pacing using lateral view fluoroscopy for atrial lead manipulation and positioning. The technique is described in detail. It is concluded that lateral view fluoroscopy allows a more expeditious and reliable positioning in the right atrial appendage. PMID- 7247551 TI - Echocardiography for atrial myxoma. PMID- 7247552 TI - Arterial repair of transposition. PMID- 7247553 TI - Horizontal submammary skin incision for median sternotomy. AB - Usual techniques in open-heart operations leave a vertical median skin scar. Especially for women this is rather embarassing since it looks ugly. The use of horizontal submammary skin incision for access to the heart is described here. Although obtaining the usual midsternal exposure takes some extra time, long-term results have shown the value of this approach and its benefit to the patient. The surgical technique is simple, and wound healing, in the long run, is unimpaired. PMID- 7247555 TI - Graft hemostasis. PMID- 7247554 TI - Membrane versus bubble oxygenators. PMID- 7247556 TI - Reoperation for coronary artery disease. AB - Forty-two reoperations for myocardial revascularization were done in 40 patients. Seventeen of them (1%) are from our series of 1,700 patients. Average number of grafts per patient was 2.27. Complications occurred in 20 patients. There was no operative or hospital (30-day) mortality. Patients classified as improved or asymptomatic constitute 82.5% of the series. Reoperations within one year were done predominantly for technical cause of failure, whereas reoperations done after more than one year were usually for disease progression. The operative technique is described as are maneuvers to help make a reoperation less hazardous. Reoperations have been accomplished relatively safely with results similar to those of initial operation. PMID- 7247557 TI - Site of recurrence in patients with stages I and II carcinoma of the lung resected for cure. AB - Ninety-nine patients with Stage I or II lung carcinoma that was other than the small cell type and who survived for more than 30 days after a "curative" resection were followed for five years or until death if it occurred prior to the five-year anniversary. Recurrent disease developed in 44 patients. Clinical data and data from postmortem examination were reviewed in these 44 patients in an attempt to classify each recurrence as either initially local or distinct metastatic disease. The site of the first documented recurrence was local in 18 patients and distance metastases in 26. When the patients with recurrence were separated into TNM categories, it was apparent that in those patients without lymph nodes metastases demonstrated in the resected specimen (N0), the initial recurrence tended to be a distant metastases, whereas in those with such involvement (N1), the initial occurrence was more often local. In light of these data, selection of appropriate initial adjuvant therapeutic modalities may be different for each type of patient. PMID- 7247558 TI - Pulmonary embolectomy. AB - During the past 10 years, 20 patients at St. Thomas Hospital had pulmonary embolectomy; there were 12 survivors. Ten patients had a pulmonary arteriogram prior to operation and, of these, there were 7 survivors. The remaining 10 patients were seen with circulatory collapse and were taken immediately to the operating room without definitive diagnostic studies. Ten patients were undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the time of the embolectomy and, of these, there were 5 long-term survivors. This review indicates that immediate diagnostic studies, such as lung scan or pulmonary arteriogram, should be undertaken as soon as the diagnosis of pulmonary embolus is entertained. Patients with sudden collapse, in the appropriate clinical setting, should be transported to the operating room as soon as possible. It would also appear that patients who are unresponsive to the usual measures of cardiopulmonary resuscitation are still reasonable candidates for pulmonary embolectomy, and this may represent their only change for survival. Patients in whom massive pulmonary embolus is confirmed by angiography should be considered for early pulmonary embolectomy despite a relatively stable hemodynamic and clinical picture. PMID- 7247559 TI - On reoperations. PMID- 7247560 TI - Supradiaphragmatic ligation of the thoracic duct in intractable chylous fistula. AB - Spontaneous closure of a chylous fistula is usual, but the rare intractable fistula may lead to disastrous nutritional and immunological consequences. We report the surgical management of 5 patients with intractable fistulas with daily drainage averaging 2,060 ml. Conservative therapy failing, the 5 patients underwent 6 ligations of the thoracic duct. A limited posterolateral thoracotomy was used in 3, full right thoracotomy in 2, and left thoracotomy in 1. Ligations were carried out immediately above the diaphragm, and not at the fistula site, by a mass ligature technique encircling all tissue between the azygos vein and aorta. The ligation achieved immediate cessation of drainage in four of five initial procedures and in the fifth patient, at a second operation. High-output thoracic duct fistulas may be handled by supradiphragmatic ligation of the thoracic duct. Identification of the fistula site or the dissection of the thoracic duct itself is avoided by this technique. PMID- 7247561 TI - Clinical and hemodynamic evaluation of the 19 mm Bjork-Shiley aortic valve prosthesis. AB - Between November, 1973, and March, 1980, 43 patients underwent isolated aortic valve replacement with 19 mm Bjork-Shiley prostheses at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. There were 4 male and 39 female patients ranging from 12 to 75 years old (mean, 54.5 years). Average weight was 62 +/- 2 kg and average body surface area, 1.64 +/- 0.3 m2. Five patients died within thirty days of operation; however, since 1975, hospital mortality has been 5.9%. The 38 survivors have been followed up for as long as 85 months (mean, 40 months). There were 4 late deaths, and actuarial survival in patients discharged from the hospital was 81% at five years. All long-term survivors were in New York Heart Association Functional Class I (29 patients) or Class II (5 patients). Preoperative and postoperative echocardiograms in 17 patients demonstrated significant decreases in mean left ventricular wall thickness (12.9 +/- 1.8 mm vs 10.3 +/- 1.4 mm; p less than 0.001) and in left ventricular mass (262 +/- 95 gm vs 188 +/- 50 gm; p less than 0.02). Postoperative cardiac catheterization data were obtained from an additional 24 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement with the 19 mm Bjork Shiley prosthesis at the National Heart Institute. Average peak systolic gradient at rest was 16 mm Hg (range, 0 to 45 mm Hg) and was found to be directly related to body surface area (r = 0.60, p less than 0.002). Average effective valve orifice area was 1.06 cm2 (range, 0.63 to 2.02 cm2). For patients with small aortic roots, aortic valve replacement with the 19 mm Bjork-Shiley valve is a satisfactory and, perhaps, preferable alternative to aortic annuloplasty to accommodate larger sized prostheses. PMID- 7247564 TI - Early experience with arterial repair of transposition. AB - Major anomalies associated with isolated complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) can produce systemic pressure in the left ventricle without fixed stenosis of the left ventricular outflow tract. In this situation, arterial repair may be advantageous. Eight children, 10 days to 15 years old, underwent arterial repair of TGA. Major associated anomalies included large patent ductus arteriosus, bulging intraventricular septum, ventricular septal defect (VSD), tricuspid atresia, and the Taussig-Bing type of double-outlet right ventricle. There were 2 operative deaths related to acute left ventricular failure. The survivors underwent postoperative echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and angiographic assessment; all were in sinus rhythm and well six months to 2 1/2 years after operation. Residual lesions have been frequent but mild: aortic insufficiency (5), stenosis of the right ventricular outflow tract (1), trivial VSD (1), and stenosis of the right coronary artery (1). Left ventricular function is "normal" in 4 and unchanged from moderately depressed preoperative status in 1. PMID- 7247565 TI - Anomalous right subclavian artery arising proximal to a postductal thoracic aortic coarctation. AB - Approximately 1% of patients with postductal thoracic aortic coarctation have an associated anomalous right subclavian artery. Previous reports indicated that the aberrant right subclavian vessel arose distal to the coarctation site. The case of a patient is presented in whom the anomalous right subclavian artery originated proximal to the postductal coarctation. We believe this to be among the first reports of this entity. The embryological development pathway and clinical implications of this congenital defect complex are discussed. PMID- 7247563 TI - The optimal potassium concentration in cardioplegic solutions. AB - High-energy phosphates provide a sensitive index of myocardial preservation. This experiment was designed to use this index in order to assess the efficacy of various potassium concentrations in a crystalloid cardioplegic solution in protecting the myocardium during hypothermic ischemic arrest. The in vivo ischemic pig-heart model was used, measuring left ventricular levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) before, during, and after a two-hour arrest period and after 30 minutes of reperfusion. Thirty-eight animals were divided into seven groups of 5 to 6 animals each. Each group received a different potassium concentration in the cardioplegic solution, namely, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 mEq/L. The results were as follows: the ATP moiety was best preserved during ischemia and reperfusion in the 15 mEq/L group, while it remained significantly lower in the 5 mEq/L group. The 10, 20, 25, 30, and 35 mEq/L groups showed an intermediate range of ATP preservation. We conclude from these results that cardioplegic solutions containing 5 mEq/L of potassium seem to be inadequate for myocardial preservation during ischemic arrest; that solutions with 15 mEq/L of potassium may offer the best myocardial protection of all concentrations tested; and that solutions with potassium concentrations of 15 and 35 mEq/L are significantly better than normokalemic (5 mEq/L) cardioplegic solutions. PMID- 7247566 TI - Surgical correction of complete rupture of the anterior papillary muscle. AB - A 59-year-old patient with postinfarction complete rupture of the anterior papillary muscle and massive mitral regurgitation is described. The diagnosis was suspected clinically and confirmed by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Two months after the acute episode, the patient underwent a valve-conserving procedure by reattachment of the papillary muscle to the left ventricular wall. The patient is well and asymptomatic 3 years after operation with evidence of good anatomical and functional correction of the mitral valve lesion. This type of repair should be possible in selected patients with this lesion. PMID- 7247562 TI - Plasma vasopressin levels and urinary sodium excretion during cardiopulmonary bypass with and without pulsatile flow. AB - The use of pulsatile perfusion during bypass should create a more physiological milieu and thus attenuate the vasopressin stress response. To determine this, 20 patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass operation were studied in two groups. Group 1 had a standard nonpulsatile perfusion, and in Group 2 a pulsatile pump was used. Measurements were made before and after anesthesia, after surgical incision, and at 15 and 30 minutes during and after cardiopulmonary bypass. In both groups, vasopressin levels were significantly elevated after sternotomy (4.5 +/- 1.5 to 37 +/- 10 pg/ml in Group 1 and 3.1 +/- 1.2 to 33 +/- 9 pg/ml in Group 2, p less than 0.05) and during bypass (198 +/- 19 pg/ml in Group 1 and 113 +/- 16 pg/ml in Group 2) but were higher in Group 1 (p less than 0.05). With comparable perfusion pressures in both groups, Group 2 required higher flow (4.2 +/- 0.2 versus 3.5 +/- 0.3 L/min, p less than 0.05) and had lower resistance (1,351 +/- 182 versus 1,841 +/- 229 dynes sec cm-5, p less than 0.05) and higher urine Na+ (123 +/- 5 versus 101 +/- 8 mEq/L, p less than 0.05). These data demonstrate that pulsatile flow can significantly attentuate the vasopressin stress response to bypass. Since vasopressin, at these concentrations, is a potent vasoconstrictor and is capable of producing a Na+ diuresis, this may partially explain the higher flow requirements and the decrease in Na+ excretion. PMID- 7247569 TI - Effect of testosterone propionate on protein synthesis by two-dimensional electrophoresis in rat ventral prostate. AB - Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been used to map the pattern of protein synthesis in rat ventral prostate from both castrate and testosterone treated animals. Proteins were detected by fluorography of 35S methionine incorporation. In the soluble or cytosol fraction, four major proteins that have molecular weights less than 25,000 and isoelectric points (pI) less then 6.0 and one than has a molecular weight above 30,000 and pI 6.6 are under androgen control. One of these proteins with molecular weight 12,000 and pI 5.4 also appears in the microsomal fraction. Using nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis, soluble proteins of pI greater than 7.0 were investigated. One major protein of 20-25,000 daltons and pI 8.0 appears to be androgen dependent. The ventral prostate from castrate synthesized proteins which are not detectable in androgen stimulated castrates. PMID- 7247568 TI - Surgical management of neonates with complex preductal aortic coarctation. AB - Neonates having repair of aortic coarctation commonly have associated ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. Prostaglandin E1 is used to dilate the ductus and improve the patient's preoperative condition. An operative technique that maintains ductal patency until the final stages of anastomosis is presented. We believe it has contributed to our present improved results. PMID- 7247567 TI - Repair of a subvalvular left ventricular aneurysm following mitral valve replacement. AB - Left ventricular aneurysms are a frequent complication of myocardial infarction. Some aneurysms occur secondary to trauma, previous operation, or infection. This report presents the case of a patient with a posterior submitral left ventricular aneurysm, which occurred following mitral valve replacement. The complete obliteration of the pericardial sac due to previous cardiac operation and the posterior location made external dissection of the aneurysmal wall technically impossible. Closure of the defect through the valve orifice by placing a patch over the neck of the aneurysm was found to be a relatively simple and safe technique combined with replacement of the prosthetic valve. The possibility of injury to the circumflex coronary artery was reduced using this surgical approach. PMID- 7247570 TI - Interrelationships of serum corticosteriods, LH, and testosterone in male bovine. AB - Temporal interrelationships of endogenous peripheral blood concentrations of corticosteriods (CS), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone(T) were evaluate in bulls. Concentrations of CS, LH, and T were quantitated in blood samples collected at hourly intervals via jugular cannula from four bulls during a single 24-hr period in January and again in June. Alterations in hormone profile characteristics were noted within bulls between January and June. An increased number of LH peaks and increased area beneath entire 24-hr LH profile suggested that LH secretion was higher during the June sampling period than the January sampling period. However, no significant alteration in T secretion in June was observed. as number of T peaks and area under T peaks were essentially unchanged relative to January. An inconsistent relationship between secretion of LH and T was observed in June, with only 47% of LH peaks associated with elevations in concentration of T whereas in January 80% of LH peaks were associated with T peaks. A higher lag correlation over all bulls between concentration of LH at one hour and concentration of T at the subsequent hour for all such combinations throughout the 24-hr period (LAG-LHTCORR) in January (r = 0.45, p less than 0.001) than in June (r = 0.12, p less than 0.24) also indicated that the temporal relationship between LH and T changed between these two periods of time. Coincident with the area beneath entire 24-hr CS profile and the height of CS peaks were greater in June. Prolonged elevations in concentration of CS were observed to be coincident with basal concentrations of LH and T and a negative value was obtained for LAG-CSTCORR in June (r = -0.10) but not in January (r = 0.06). Results of this study indicate that the major effect of LH upon blood concentration if T in the bull is usually exerted within 1 hr of a LH surge. However, failure of some LH peaks to be followed by T peaks suggests that the secretion of LH and T in the bull may be subject to modulation by adrenocortical hormones and other intrinsic and extrinsic factors. PMID- 7247573 TI - Vaso-vesiculography: assessment in andrology and urology. AB - Vasoseminal vasography using the vasopuncture technique is now a safe procedure. However, individual variations and technical pitfalls render interpretation of the images uneasy, even for experienced operators. Its use should be restricted, in andrologic patients, to cases where surgical treatment of azoospermia is contemplated. Normal vasographic patterns in all segments are necessary to undertake operative treatment: patency of ducts-as assessed by injection of dye does not warrant success of anastomoses in presence of vesicular or ampullar lesions. On the other hand, vasography in urologic patients should gain a wider use, mainly for the diagnosis of malformation or staging of prostatic cancer. PMID- 7247572 TI - High-resolution autoradiography of new formed proteins in the epididymis after incorporation of tritiated amino acids. AB - The synthesis and excretion of newly formed proteins in the principal cells of the head, body, and tail of the epididymis were studied by quantitative autoradiography in light and electron microscopy. Adult mice were killed from 5 min to 6 hr after intravenous injection of tritiated leucine, lysine, and arginine. The labels were taken up early and in greater amounts in the principal cells of the head. Radioactivity decreased in the cells of all three segments throughout the first hour following administration of the tracers. Thereafter, it increased in the lumen. High-resolution analysis showed successive peaks of relative concentration of the labels over the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and apical plasma membrane, thus confirming that protein synthesis and excretion follow the usual pathway in the principal cells all along the epididymis. However, since a radioactivity peak occurred as early as 15 min over the apical membrane of cells in the head, it is likely that part of the endoplasmic reticulum-canalicular and poor in polysomes-is involved independently in the synthesis and rapid transport of newly formed proteins. PMID- 7247571 TI - Biochemistry of male accessory organs of conilurine rodents. AB - The plains mouse has large seminal vesicles, coagulating glands, and dorsal and ventral prostates, whereas in the hopping mouse the only large accessory sex gland is the ventral prostate. Fructose concentration was found to be high in the coagulating glands and dorsal prostate of the plains mouse, but low in all other glands of both species; low concentrations of glucose were found in all glands. Citric acid concentration was high in the dorsal prostate of the plains mouse and ventral prostate of the hopping mouse. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were low in all glands of both species. In castrated hopping mice, enlargement of vestigial glands could not be induced with high doses of exogenous testosterone, although there was increased secretory activity of the seminal vesicle epithelial cells. PMID- 7247574 TI - Effects of bromocriptine and perphenazine on male accessory sex glands. I. The seminal vesicles. AB - The effects of bromocriptine and perphenazine on C3H/HeJ mouse seminal vesicles were studied. The response of the stroma and parenchyma of the glands to the hormones differed. Testosterone repressed stromal proliferation. Prolactin had no observable stromal effect but influenced the response of the parenchyma. In castrated mice, low levels of prolactin were associated with abnormal epithelial mitotic activity and atypical cytology while elevated prolactin levels resulted in a nonatrophic epithelium similar to that from the seminal vesicles of intact individuals. In the absence of testicular testosterone, prolactin may exert an inhibitory influence on glandular proliferation. PMID- 7247575 TI - Ultrasonically induced, in vivo morphological damage in mouse testicular tissue. AB - Mouse testes were exposed in vivo to 1 MHz continuous wave ultrasonic energy for 30 sec at spatial peak intensities of either 2 or 5 W/cm2. Following exposure they were surgically removed at times ranging from immediate (within 60 sec) to 63 days, and histologically prepared for optical microscopy examination. The observed alterations can be classified according to the number and type of affected cell layers in the tubule. Leydig cells were unaffected, and some alterations differed from those previously seen at higher ultrasonic exposure intensities or at much longer exposure times. PMID- 7247578 TI - [Computerized axial tomography. A new non-invasive diagnostic method in cardiology]. PMID- 7247577 TI - Effect of bromocriptine treatment on male infertility associated with hyperprolactinemia. AB - Hyperprolactinemia associated with male infertility or impotence was found in ten patients. Mean prolactin level was 83 +/- 49 ng/ml (range 46-26- ng/ml). The etiological bases of the hyperprolactinemia were a microadenoma in one patient, liver disease in two, and idiopathic in seven patients. Bromocriptine treatment, 2.5-7.5 mg daily for 8-16 weeks lowered prolactin to normal levels in all patients. Three oligoasthenospermic subjects showed a marked increase in sperm motility; their wives conceived within 5-8 weeks of treatment after longstanding infertility. Two of these women gave birth to normal babies and one aborted in the first trimester of pregnancy. The mechanism by which hyperprolactinemia interferes with sperm production and the effect of bromocriptine on this mechanism is discussed. PMID- 7247576 TI - Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase leakage from human spermatozoa as an indicator of cryodamage. AB - The levels of extracellular glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT: EC 2.6.1.1) activity have been measured in cell-free supernatants of human semen and of semen + cryoprotectant mixtures both before freezing by either cryostorage or quench freezing regimes, and after subsequent thawing. The mean level of GOT activity in seminal plasma was 293 (+/- 15 sem) IU/l at 37 degrees C, this being 15 times the level in normal blood plasma. Seminal GOT is positively correlated (p less than 0.001) with the sperm density. Increases in the extracellular GOT activity were measured after both cryostorage and quench-freezing, but the latter procedure, which destroys all sperm motility, caused an average of 2.8 times more enzyme release than cryostorage. Although the release of GOT from human spermatozoa during freezing and thawing does not correlate with the commonly used percent return of motility as an estimate of cryosurvival, possible explantations for this finding, and its importance, are discussed. Objective measurements such as GOT release may be developed to augment, if not replace, subjective estimations of sperm motility as indicators of cellular integrity in studies of sperm cryostorage. PMID- 7247580 TI - [Primary aldosteronism. Diagnostic aspects and treatment]. AB - Despite the relatively low frequency of primary aldosteronism, its diagnosis is of great importance because surgical treatment results, in the majority of cases, in the disappearance of arterial hypertension. We present in this paper six cases with this type of secondary hypertension. The disease was suspected by the coexistence of hypertension and hypokalemia. The decrease in serum potassium after an oral load of salt proved to be of great value for the diagnoses. In the five patients treated surgically, the removal of the tumor produced the normalization of the arterial pressure and corrected the biochemical alterations. In four of the patients the tumor was located in the left adrenal gland and in one in the right adrenal gland. The patient not treated surgically has remained normotensive with spironolactone. This data confirm what has been described in the medical literature and emphasizes the importance of a correct diagnosis and treatment in patients with this form of hypertension. PMID- 7247581 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiography in the study of aneurysms of the membranous interventricular septum]. AB - Seven patients with angiographically proven aneurysm of the membranous interventricular septum associated with membranous ventricular septal defect were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography. In all patients a curvilinear, dome shaped echo arising from the upper ventricular septum and bulging toward the right ventricular cavity in systole was identified. This finding was detected in all long axis views (7/7), and 4/7 short axis views, in 4/6 apex four chamber views and in 3/6 subcostal four chamber views. Two-dimensional echocardiographic studies in forty patients with angiographically proven membranous ventricular septal defect, but not septal aneurysm, revealed only one case with similar findings, suggesting ventricular septal aneurysm, in the long axis and apex four chamber views. We conclude that two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging of a curvilinear echo in the proximal interventricular septum, bulging toward the right ventricle in systole and visualized in different planes, is very suggestive of aneurysm of the membranous ventricular septum. Two-dimensional echocardiography appears to have acceptable specificity for the diagnosis of aneurysms of the ventricular septum. PMID- 7247579 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of atrial overstimulation in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - Auricular over-stimulation is used by some researchers to study patients under suspicion of coronary heart disease. In this paper we discuss the changes in telediastolic pressure of the left ventricle (PT-DVI), stimulating the right auricle with increasing frequencies sent through an external pacemaker. When the ventriculography and coronarography were over, the Sones catheter was left into the left ventricle. An electrode-catheter was introduced through vein in the right auricle, the distal end being very close to the sinusal node, where the electric catch as accomplished. Through this stimulator the cardiac frequency was increased in 20 heart beats more than the basal cardiac frequency and the PTDVI was simultaneously measured every 3 minutes. Through the coronarographic study, the patients were classified in: normal, bi-vascular and tri-vascular. The increase and decrease of PTDVI was calculated in relation to the results obtained during the last minutes of over-stimulation compared with the basal figures. Most of the patients showed a decrease in PTDVI no matter what the vascular engagement was. Our results show there is no difference between the response and the coronary obstruction degree so, this evidence is of no value to judge the functional situation of the left ventricle. PMID- 7247583 TI - [Turner's syndrome and heart surgery. Presentation of 3 clinical cases]. AB - Three patients with Turner's Syndrome are shown; one associated with coarctation of the aorta, other with patent ductus arteriosus and the last one with congenital valvular aortic stenosis. The cytogenetic and clinical picture of the disease are reviewed, also its association with some cardiovascular malformations. The results of the surgical treatment of the congenital heart disease are reported. The difficulties to establish the operatory indication are described and besides the technical problems that occur frequently in these patients. PMID- 7247582 TI - [Chronodynocardiometry in healthy children. 1: Systolic times]. AB - At the National Institute of Pediatry (IMAN) were studied the phonomechanocardiographic recorders obtained of 125 children, all were eutrophic and healthy. The measure of the systolic time intervals were the purpose of the study. Children's age varied from 2 months old to 18 years old; 82 boys and 43 girls. The duration of the R-R space increased according to age (P less than 0.001), the electroacoustic systole and the ejection time showed more duration in older children (r = 0.61 and 0.77 respectively). In opposite, the pre-ejection time as well as its phases, had a similar duration in all ages. Tables of values and ranges of the systolic time intervals according to age are presented. The systolic time intervals were correlated to the R-R space duration, and showed a direct proportion with the electroacoustic systole (r = 0.76) and ejection time (r = 0.83), but the pre-ejection time had not significant changes. The electroacoustic diastole duration was proportional to the R-R space (r = 0.96). The regression equations were calculated to evaluate the normal range of the systolic time intervals in children, obviously in accordance to cardiac frequency. PMID- 7247584 TI - [Ligation of the ductus arteriosus in premature infants. Surgical considerations]. AB - It is described the surgical interruption of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in ten premature newborn patients with cardiac insufficiency and/or respiratory distress syndrome. The authors mention the technical factors that they consider important to have good results with these fragile infants, as the use of local anesthesia; to perform the procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit, the extrapleural dissection of the ductus, etc. The post-operative care problems are analyzed and this experience is compared with reports from other authors. PMID- 7247586 TI - Polymyositis and diffuse interstitial lung disease. A review of the pulmonary histopathologic findings. AB - A retrospective analysis was performed of 105 patients with polymyositis for eight years. Roentgenographic evidence of pulmonary interstitial disease was present in ten adult patients (9%) with polymyositis unassociated with other connective-tissue disorders. Review of the pulmonary histopathologic findings indicated a spectrum of pulmonary diffuse interstitial infiltrates and fibroplasia of the alveolar septae. Response to glucocorticoids with regard to pulmonary symptoms was variable in the patients studied. Therapeutic response seemed to be influenced by both the cellularity of the chronic interstitial infiltrates and the degree of fibroplasia of the alveolar septae. Electron microscopic studies of the lung tissue from two patients with polymyositis and diffuse interstitial lung disease failed to demonstrate either immune complexes or viral particles. PMID- 7247585 TI - [Values of arterial pressure in childhood and adolescence in Mexico]. AB - Complications and mortality of blood hypertension depend on the time blood pressure levels remain above normal as well as on the values they reach along the evolution. In order to detect blood hypertension before it is well established as a disease it is necessary to identify those individuals prone to it or those with predictive data that they will develop hypertension. Distribution of blood pressure levels during the pediatric age is one of the first studies that should be done to identify those children with high blood pressure or those who will develop the disease. After reviewing the literature we found that there is disagreement on the criteria of normal and upper normal limits of blood pressure during childhood and adolescence. This explains the variability of the reports on incidence or prevalence of hypertension during this age. There are other factors of variability as methodology on blood pressure registration, geographic and time changes. Most authors agree that blood pressure levels are higher as age increases and boys have higher blood pressure level than girls. Our findings are within the those reported by others. PMID- 7247587 TI - Moderate sodium restriction and various diuretics in the treatment of hypertension. AB - Changes in total body potassium level and blood pressure (BP) were determined in multiple studies on 12 hypertensive subjects ingesting a diet either moderately restricted or higher in sodium. On both diets, the following diuretics were randomly given for four-week intervals: chlorthalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, or furosemide. Total body exchangeable potassium level fell 225 mEq with lower sodium intake and 455 mEq with higher intake, combining all diuretics. Chlorthalidone caused more potassium wastage than the other diuretics. The average falls in mean BP were 13.9 mm Hg with the lower sodium diet and 9.1 with the higher sodium diet, combinging all diuretics. Combining both diets, chlorthalidone produced the greatest fall and furosemide produced the slightest. These data suggest that if a diuretic is used to treat hypertension, a diet moderately restricted in sodium and a single morning dose of a diuretic of intermediate duration of action offer the best balance of efficacy and safety for most patient. PMID- 7247588 TI - Cholinergic urticaria. A seasonal disease. AB - Nine young patients with cholinergic urticaria reported that the occurrence of the disease was restricted to winter. They were examined in a climatic room in winter and summer under three climatic conditions in each season (cold, comfort, and severe heat). All subjects experienced severe phenomena of cholinergic urticaria during the winter season when tested under comfortable climate and under severe heat load. No phenomena were elicited in the summer under any of the three climatic conditions or under cold climatic condition in the winter. This finding led to the assumption that symptoms appear in the sufferers only when exposed to heat or heat-producing exercise while unacclimatized to heat. Artificial heat acclimatization is winter resulted in disappearance of all clinical phenomena of cholinergic urticaria, lasting from a few days to two weeks. PMID- 7247589 TI - Spinal cord compression in thalassemia. Report of 12 cases and recommendations for treatment. AB - Twelve patients with beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E disease had spinal cord compression. Ten were made and two female, aged 17 to 40 years. The causes of spinal cord compression presumably were extramedullary hematopoietic masses. This was proved by surgery in two cases. In six cases, myelography demonstrated extradural blockade. In the others, the recurrent nature of the paraparesis and the prompt response to deep x-ray therapy were compatible with cord compression by extramedullary hematopoietic masses. Although spontaneous recovery and disappearance of the neurological signs after blood transfusions were observed, these were slow and uncertain. Deep x-ray therapy led to prompt response with more lasting benefit in all cases and is thus recommended as standard treatment for this complication. PMID- 7247590 TI - Blinded proficiency testing of FTA-ABS test. AB - In 1976 and 1977, 28 state laboratories participated in a blinded proficiency testing study of syphilis serologic tests. The test considered of a battery of 50 duplicate reagin-positive sera; 12 specimens were obtained from syphilitic patients. The median reproducibility scores for the VDRL and FTA-ABS tests were the same, 92%, and the scores for the two tests were correlated. Given the relatively low prevalence of untreated syphilis in the United States today, serologic results that are highly predictive of syphilis are obtainable only from the most proficient laboratories, if unselected sera are tested. Reactivity in the VDRL and FTA-ABS tests does not prove the diagnosis of syphilis. Physicians must use clinical judgment to preselect patients for serologic testing. PMID- 7247591 TI - Frequency of ethical dilemmas in a medical inpatient service. AB - We studied the frequency of ethical problems in a general medical ward at a university hospital, using a quasi-experimental prospective design. In the baseline period, ethical problems were determined by self-report of residents. In the intervention period, one of us (B.L.) was a participant-observer during attending rounds. Ethical problems were determined by consensus among the attending physician, resident, and participant observer. No significant differences between baseline and intervention periods were found in patient variations, admissions per resident, or rating of each resident's sensitivity to ethical issues. In the baseline period, seven (3.9%) of 179 cases involved ethical problems. In the intervention period, 16 (17%) of 92 cases involved ethical problems. This difference was significant. The data imply that residents underidentify ethical problems but that sensitization, sympathetic listening, information, and advice increase physician recognition of ethical problems. PMID- 7247592 TI - Metachronous carcinoma complicating Crohn's disease. AB - A 63-year-old woman with Crohn's ileocolitis, complicated by ileal adenocarcinoma two years previously, was admitted for examination of weight loss and fatigue. Colonoscopy demonstrated an area of flat, ulcerated mucosa in the sigmoid colon that proved to be an adenocarcinoma in the area of Crohn's colitis; a sigmoid resection and primary anastomosis were performed. Metachronous carcinoma of the large and small bowel occurred in areas involved with Crohn's disease. PMID- 7247593 TI - Invasive fungal infections in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. AB - Patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis have persistent Candida infection of nails, skin, and mucous membranes, but rarely, if ever, does an invasive fungal infection develop. We describe two patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis who died of fungal infection; one had C albicans meningitis and the second had Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis. The cases of four other patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and invasive fungal infection, three with crytococcosis and one with histoplasmosis, have been reported previously. Immunological profiles on these six patients revealed no differences from those of other patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis without invasive fungal infection. Three of the four patients who received amphotericin B were cured of their infection; three patients died, including one patient with overwhelming cryptococcosis who had received intensive antifungal therapy and transfer factor. PMID- 7247594 TI - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with pericardial tamponade in an adult. AB - A 25-year-old man was initially seen with pericardial tamponade as a manifestation most probably of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis that had been quiescent for 18 years. A pericardial window relieved the tamponade. Immunofluorescence studies of the pericardial tissue disclosed no deposits of immunoglobulin of complement. PMID- 7247595 TI - Beneficial effect of hepatitis in leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. AB - A patient with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis had splenomegaly, neutropenia, and a severe underproduction anemia. During a three-year period, the hematocrit was never in the normal range, and periodic transfusions were required. However, after an episode of hepatitis that was positive for B surface antigen, the spleen became smaller, the number of neutrophils increased, the transfusion requirement disappeared, and the hematocrit rose to normal. Several mechanisms for this observation are proposed. PMID- 7247596 TI - Fulminant lupus pneumonitis with acute renal failure and RBC aplasia. Successful management with plasmapheresis and immunosuppression. AB - Acute interstitial pneumonitis is a well-recognized, although rare, complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that has been associated with a poor prognosis. Fulminant lupus pneumonitis, acute renal failure, and RBC hypoplasia occurred in a 14-year-old girl. The patient's condition was managed with large volume plasmapharesis, dialysis, and immunosuppressive therapy. Her respiratory, renal, and hematologic changes all resolved, and response was maintained with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone therapy. Although serologic evidence of SLE persisted, clinically, the patient was well four years after the initial appearance of SLE. There are several acute pulmonary manifestations of SLE, and plasmapheresis may be useful in the management of some of these conditions. PMID- 7247597 TI - Combined sickle cell disease and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. AB - Four patients experienced combined sickle cell disease and autoimmune hemolytic anemia within the past ten years. A fifth patient had positive direct antiglobulin test results without verified autoimmune hemolysis. Severely accelerated hemolysis was observed in four patients; anemia was severe, and the reticulocyte count rose into the 60% to 88% range. During the period of active autoimmune hemolysis, decline of the reticulocyte count rose into the 60% to 88% range. During the period of active autoimmune hemolysis, decline of the reticulocyte count into the 6% to 16% range was associated with rapid decrease in the hemoglobin level, requiring transfusion. All five patients were already alloimmunized by transfusions administered before onset of the autoimmune hemolytic anemia; two or more allospecificities were identified in four of five patients. The presence of autoantibody notably compromised compatibility testing; three patients experienced posttransfusion hemoglobinuria, and in vivo cross matching with 51Cr-labeled donor RBCs was employed on three occasions. All patients responded to corticosteroids; mercaptopurine was also administered to one patient. The direct antiglobulin test result reverted to negative in all patients after hospital discharge. PMID- 7247598 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Treatment of dialysis-related ascites. AB - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is a new dialysis technique. It is unknown at this time which patient would be served best by this therapy. Two cases of dialysis-related ascites were successfully treated by this technique. We suggest that the continuous control of salt and water balance possible with this technique, as well as frequent drainage of the peritoneal cavity to prevent fluid reaccumulations, contributed to successful treatment. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis may be used to treat dialysis-related ascites. PMID- 7247599 TI - Pseudo-runaway pacemaker. PMID- 7247600 TI - QT-interval prolongation produced by probucol. PMID- 7247601 TI - Oculopharyngeal dystrophy. PMID- 7247602 TI - Family practice. Potential for a key role in medical care. PMID- 7247603 TI - Family practice and primary care. Another internist's perspective. PMID- 7247604 TI - Sodium restriction. Diuretics and potassium loss. PMID- 7247605 TI - Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and tracheostomy. Long-term follow-up experience. AB - Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), a disabling disorder that leads to life threatening cardiorespiratory events during sleep, has been treated by tracheostomy. This article reports long-term follow-up data of 50 patients who have undergone this procedure, and the indications for surgery are summarized. Surgery may result in secondary local and general acute and subacute complications, but, on a long-term basis, patients were completely relieved of clinical symptoms, returned to full activity, and adapted normally to social and familial life. Temporary closure of the tracheostomy during sleep led to recurrence of obstructive sleep apnea. PMID- 7247606 TI - Sleeping and breathing. What to do for a lack of both. PMID- 7247607 TI - Obstructive sleep apnea associated with tonsillar hypertrophy in adults. AB - Six adults with tonsillar enlargement were shown via all-night polygraphic recordings to have varying degrees of upper airway obstruction during sleep. All but one of these patients were noted to have profound and debilitating daytime sleepiness. All patients had extremely loud snoring with anecdotal reports of apnea. Postoperatively all patients reported a marked reduction in snoring and substantial improvement in their daytime sleepiness. Postoperative sleep laboratory evaluation in four cases revealed nearly complete obliteration of upper airway obstruction and improvement in several objective sleep measurements, such as sleep-onset latency. We conclude that even relatively mild tonsillar enlargement can play an important role in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea. PMID- 7247608 TI - The effect of a formula diet on preparation of the colon for barium enema examination. Impact on health care and costs. AB - A preliminary study of unselected ambulatory patients having barium enema examinations showed that 31.5% were optimally prepared for evaluation of polypoid mucosal lesions, but 29% had fecal material in the colon that could have obscured the lesions during examination. Although 38 of 42 patients took prescribed cathartics, 84% did not maintain a low-residue diet, as prescribed at this institution. Subsequently, 98 age-matched patients revealed detailed low-residue diet instructions or a formula diet before barium enema examination. Formula preparation resulted in 51% optimal and only 9.5% unacceptable studies compared with 25% optimal and 34% unacceptable examinations in the control group. Caloric intake averaged 700 kcal/day during low-residue diet preparation and was increased almost twofold with formula preparation; improvement was particularly noticeable in the elderly (556 vs 1,286 kcal/day). Prepackaged low-residue defined diets seem acceptable to patients when substituted for a low-residue diet. Bowel cleanliness is greatly enhanced before the barium enema examination, thus improving health care and reducing radiation exposure and costs. PMID- 7247609 TI - Fluorescent characteristics of carbamazepine. AB - Previously undescribed carbamazepine fluorescence data were found in ethanolic solutions within a range of 200-550 nm. Concentrated H2S04, bidistilled ethanol and a 1:1 mixture of them showed lambda Exc. at 470 nm. A 10-fold fluorescence increase at 470 nm and 520 nm peaks were observed when 10 micrograms of ethanolic carbamazepine solution was activated with the same acid (1:1). A lambda Exc. of 300 nm and Anal. of 357 nm amounted to 60 per cent of the carbamazepine relative fluorescence values in comparison to 95 per cent when a 470/515 nm monochromators combination were used. A 12 hours fluorescence duration was detected for "activated" carbamazepine. The "filter effect" appeared within the range of 10 and 100 micrograms/ml of carbamazepine. Temperature induced an acute fluorescence decay starting at 23 degrees C. Identical wavelengths and others still unidentified were detected from carbamazepine extracted from human serum. The monochromators combination at 300/357 nm might be useful for serum extracted carbamazepine measurements. PMID- 7247610 TI - Reduction capacity on nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) of the normal human spermatozoa. AB - Experimental conditions were determined to find out if washed spermatozoids from fertile, health donors are capable of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction in a similar way (although in the absence of a substrate) to that of leukocytes. Formazan blue formation obtained suggest the participation of the NADH oxidoreductase mitochondrial enzyme. The sperm capacity for NBT reduction might be take as a reflection of human sperm metabolic capacity. Our results seem to be useful for comparison of reduction (metabolic) capacity of normal sperms with that of individuals with fertility problems. PMID- 7247611 TI - Findings in computerized axial tomography of tuberculous encephalopathy. AB - A 24 year-old woman with miliary tuberculosis of the lungs, developed a diffuse encephalopathy with signs of increased intracraneal pressure and without meningitis. A CAT scanner disclosed decreased density of the white matter and multiple nodular lesions enhanced with the infusion of contrast media. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the findings in computerized axial tomography of a patient with miliary tuberculosis and hematogenous dissemination associated to diffuse encephalopathy without meningitis. PMID- 7247613 TI - Zinc and copper concentration in plasma and erythrocytes of patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations were studied in plasma and erythrocytes in patients with chronic renal failure that were on hemo or peritoneal dialysis together with the effect of dialysis treatment on these element concentrations. Plasma Zn was found to be significantly reduced in both groups of patients. On the other hand, erythrocyte zinc levels were higher. This considered more as a metabolic adaptation than as a pathological fact. Plasma Cu increase was observed in hemodialysis patients; however in the group on peritoneal dialysis it was found to be normal. Dialysis did not alter significantly plasma levels in any of these two elements; on the contrary, Zn and Cu levels were decreased in erythrocytes. Ceruloplasmin increased with hemodialysis and decreased with peritoneal dialysis possible due to protein loss resulting in this procedure. PMID- 7247612 TI - Experimental treatment of cysticercosis with metrifonate. AB - Thirty cysticercous patients were treated with metrifonate in doses of 7.5 mg/kg given for five consecutive days, with intervals of two weeks until completion of six series. The symptoms originated by drug reaction were mild and transitory. The results obtained after treatment demonstrated the effectivity in cerebral ocular and musculocutaneous cysticercosis, corroborated by clinical evaluations like: neurological, ophtalmological and psychiatric examinations; routine laboratory tests; special examinations like indirect immunofluorescence and hemagglutination, immunoglobulin quantitation and cholinesterase activity and by special cabinet studies like electroencephalogram, retinal fluorangiography, axial computerized tomography. The postreatment observation time varied from six months to nine years; in no case reactivation was observed. PMID- 7247614 TI - Comparative study of mammmary exploration methods. AB - The diagnostic value of physical examination, thermography and mastography was assessed in 1,313 women attending the Breast Cancer Detection Service of the Hospital de Oncologia, C.M.N. The evaluation of results was based upon the estimation of sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of each examination, as well as, the combined sequential programme. Mastography showed the highest sensitivity with good specificity, therefore making it possible to use mastography as the only examination procedure in early detection programmes for breast cancer. Thermography was less sensitive so that it is not recommended as basic examination technique, although it can be included in multiple examination programmes or for the follow-up of high risk cases. Physical examination by a physician is essential for the integral diagnosis of breast pathology. The best results are obtained by sequential combination of the three examination techniques. PMID- 7247616 TI - [The sensory nerve component of the digital cushions in swine]. PMID- 7247615 TI - [Mastocytes in the human thyroid gland: statistical studies on 40 thyroid nodules]. PMID- 7247617 TI - [Regenerative activity of the intercalary tract in the cutaneous granular glands of the toad, Bombina variegata pachypus (Bonaparte) (Amphibia, Anura, Discoglossidae); experimental electron microscope studies]. PMID- 7247618 TI - [Importance of hormone regulation systems to pork quality]. AB - Separately and simultaneously occurring disorders in thyroid and adrenal functional circuits were recorded from 218 land race pigs, 01 line, in several experiments, in the GDR. No detrimental impact on post mortem pork quality was found to have been caused by disorders in each one of the two circuits separately, but measurable defects were established, following malfunction of both circuits. Also studied were consequences of disorders on the hormonal and cardiovascular systems as well as on fattening and slaughter performance. PMID- 7247619 TI - [Metabolism of 32P-butonate and formation of vinylbutonate metabolite in warm blooded animals]. AB - The metabolic fate of butonate, a 32P-labelled organophosphorus insecticide (0.0 dimethyl-l-n-butyryloxy-2.2.2-trichloro-ethyl phosphonate) was investigated in blood serum of cattle in vitro and in mice in vivo, following intraperitoneal and oral administration of 200 mg/kg. Metabolites were separates by thin-layer chromatography, using two solvent systems, acetonitrile-water = 85:15 and ethyl ether, for polar or non-polar metabolites. The Rf-values as well as the partition coefficients for chloroform and water and ethyl ether to ten per cent H2SO4 and for n-hexane and acetonitrile are given for butonate and the metabolites together with the amounts of metabolite, following in vivo metabolic degradation. The blood level as well as residues in milk are given by the following graduation: trichlorphone greater than vinylbutonate greater than butonate greater than dichlorvos. The formation of the new metabolite vinylbutonate is discussed. PMID- 7247620 TI - Influence of some coccidiostatics on blood carotenoids and fatty acids in coccidiosis affected chicken. AB - Blood and liver carotenoids and A-vitamin and blood fatty acid modifications were observed in Eimeria tenella infested chicken. 125 chicken were alloted in 5 groups: 3 infested groups were given Amprol, Suldrazin and Clopindol respectively, in their diet. A control group was infested, a second one non infested. Biochemical examinations were performed 10 days following treatment when chicken were slaughtered and samples collected. In control groups and in Amprol and Clopindol treated groups were seen significant decreases of liver and blood carotenoids; blood and liver A-vitamin levels were higher in Amprol treated chicken; in Suldrazin treated group no significant modifications could be shown as compared to the non-infested controls. Blood fatty acid levels were higher (43.5-47.8%) in the four infested groups and lower in the non-infested controls (39.4%). Non-saturated fatty acid levels varied within 51 and 56.4% in infested groups. PMID- 7247621 TI - [Determination of leucine aminopeptidase in cow's milk]. AB - Reported in this paper are studies into the applicability of the Fermognost LAP test set (VEB Arzneimittelwerke Dresden) to the measurement of leucine aminopeptidase activity (LAP) in milk and blood serum of cows. Testing of optimum measuring conditions under which to use the enzyme assay method in milk checks revealed that the LAP test set can be used for LAP activity measurement of milk and blood serum of cows, provided proper preparation of the milk and due consideration of other testing approaches. Colorimetric measurement is made in cuvettes, with 0.1 cm in layer thickness. Dilution or storage of milk samples is not permissible, since changes in enzyme activity are of incidental nature. LAP activities between 4 U/l and 150 U/l were recorded from 280 milk samples. Variation recorded for milk from clinically intact udder quarters was between 4 U/l and 35 U/l, as established by comparison of various parameters, such as cell count, chloride, and lactose. An upper limit value of 40 U/l was derived from that variation. Reproducibility of that enzyme assay method for milk was V = 2.8 per cent, S = +/-0.7 U/l. The milk enzyme was inhibited by chelate formers and activated by Mn2+ ions. LAP activities between 5 U/l and 37 U/l were recorded from 28 blood sera of cattle and gave a mean value of 14 U/l. No regular relationship was found to exist between LAP activities in milk from various udders, and in blood serum of cattle. PMID- 7247624 TI - [Comparative electromyographic studies of calves, sheep and goats]. AB - Electromyography was used on calves, sheep, and goats to study limit values and behaviours of the action potentials of motoric units of M. Flexor digitorum superficialis. Average potentials were 10.5 ms in calf, 8.2 ms in sheep, and 8.1 ms in goat, and peak potentials were 4.8 ms, 5.7 ms, and 6.3 ms. Roughly 85 per cent of the potentials were diphasic and triphasic in calf, 92 per cent in sheep, and 93 per cent in goat. Monophasic, tetraphasic, and polyphasic action potentials were also exhibited by motoric units. Average potential amplitudes were 377 microV in calf, 253 microV in sheep, and 322 microV in goat. PMID- 7247622 TI - Detection of lysozyme production using modified technique as an aid for the identification of pathogenic staphylococci causing some animal and human diseases. AB - Lysozyme production is an essential character of the potentially pathogenic staphylococci. In the present work 88 strains of animal origin and 40 strains of human origin were tested. Of 103 strains isolated from pathogenic cases of human and animal origin 89 (86.4%) were lysozyme producers and 86 (83.5%) were coagulase positive. Out of 75 strains isolated from pathogenic cases of animal origin 75 (100%) were lysozyme producers and 71 (94.6%) were coagulase positive. On the other hand out of 28 strains isolated from pathogenic human cases 14 (50%) were lysozyme producers and 15 (53.6%) were coagulase positive. This indicates that lysozyme production could be a better index of pathogenic staphylococci than the coagulase measurement specially in cases of animal origin strains. The method used in this work for the determination of the lysozyme production seems to be a simple one if compared with other used methods. PMID- 7247623 TI - [Further characterization of lipopolysaccharides from Pasteurella multocida]. AB - The biological properties, sedimentation behaviour, and electron-optically visualised structures of lipopolysaccharides from Pasteurella multocida were found to be identical with lipopolysaccharides from Enterobacteriaceae. Hard evidence to the effect that lipopolysaccharides from Pasteurella multocida are R lipopolysaccharides were produced by the composition of monosaccharides together with experiments on the basis of disc electrophoresis. PMID- 7247626 TI - Plasma tryptophan and five other amino acids in depressed and normal subjects. AB - Decreases in brain serotonin levels have been implicated in the pathogenesis of human depression. While circulating levels of tryptophan (TRP) might possibly reflect concentration of brain serotonin, a more relevant peripheral measure may be the ratio of plasma TRP to five other neutral amino acids (TRP/5aa ratio). In depressed subjects and normal controls, plasma TRP (free and total), phenylalanine (PHE), tyrosine (TYR), leucine, isoleucine, and valine were measured on three days. When depression was most severe, depressed patients had lower TRP/5aa ratios and total TRP levels and higher PHE and TYR levels. After the patients' conditions improved, these differences disappeared. As Hamilton depression scores improved, the plasma TRP/5aa ratios increased significantly. This finding tends to support the idea that changes in brain serotonin level reflect changes in depression severity. PMID- 7247625 TI - Short-term and repetitive administration of oral tryptophan in normal men. Effects on blood tryptophan, serotonin, and kynurenine concentrations. AB - Single and repetitive tryptophan loads were consumed by normal, adult male volunteers, and blood concentrations of tryptophan, serotonin, and kynurenine, their time courses, and their distributions within blood were measured. Repeated measures of basal and tryptophan-induced changes in tryptophan and serotonin blood concentrations were characteristic for individual subjects. Tryptophan dose responsive increases in measured substances returned to basal levels within 24 hours after single tryptophan loads. However, cumulative increases in serotonin concentration in early-morning, predose blood samples were seen following repetitive daily tryptophan administration. Extra-platelet serotonin could be detected in blood samples taken after tryptophan loading and after repetitive daily tryptophan consumption but not in baseline samples taken before short-term loading. Neither platelet number nor size was altered by the loading procedures. Tryptophan loading produced lethargy and drowsiness within 30 minutes of ingestion under all loading conditions. Subjects with the slowest kynurenine response to tryptophan were most behaviorally affected. PMID- 7247627 TI - Increased whole blood serotonin concentrations in chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - Whole blood serotonin concentrations were studied in 33 chronic schizophrenic patients who previously had computed tomographic (CT) brain scans and in 23 healthy volunteers. The chronic schizophrenic patients had a mean serotonin concentration significantly higher than that of the controls. The patients were subcategorized into a group with abnormal CT scan findings (enlargement of cerebral ventricles, cerebral atrophy, or both) and a group with normal CT scans. The patients with abnormal CT scans had significantly higher serotonin concentrations when compared with schizophrenics with normal CT scans and with controls. The chronic schizophrenic patients with normal CT scans did not have significantly elevated serotonin concentrations compared with controls. Furthermore, ventricular size in the total group was significantly correlated with serotonin concentration. PMID- 7247628 TI - Blood tryptophan metabolism in chronic schizophrenics. AB - Concomitant measures of blood indole metabolism were conducted in 33 chronic schizophrenics who showed significantly elevated mean platelet serotonin (5-HT) values and lower platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and plasma amine oxidase activities than normals. When subdivided according to Research Diagnostic Criteria diagnosis, the 20 chronic undifferentiated (CU) schizophrenics showed these same deviations from normal; the 13 chronic paranoid (CP) schizophrenics also had significantly higher mean 5-HT values but significantly lower plasma concentrations of total and bound tryptophan. In CP schizophrenics, platelet MAO activity, but not plasma amine oxidase activity, was significantly lower than in CU schizophrenics and controls. Hyperserotonemia occurred in 11 of the chronic patients (33%); nine were CU schizophrenics. In the latter, total tryptophan concentration was significantly lowered. Hyperserotonemia was not associated with reduced liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity or platelet MAO or plasma amine oxidase activities; rather, it may be a consequence of enhanced tissue tryptophan uptake and utilization. PMID- 7247629 TI - Brain monoamine oxidase activity in schizophrenics and controls. AB - Postmortem samples of caudate nucleus and frontal cortex from schizophrenic, schizophrenic-like, and control subjects were examined for monoamine oxidase activity using dopamine, phenylethylamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine as substrates. There were no significant differences between the diagnostic groups with any of the three substrates. Neither was there a difference between the sexes, nor a consistent relationship of enzyme activity to age. PMID- 7247630 TI - Motility, Parkinsonism, and prolactin with thiothixene and thioridazine. AB - Clinical impressions suggest that thioridazine hydrochloride produces fewer extrapyramidal effects and more sedation than thiothixene. These drugs were given, each for three weeks, to 15 chronic schizophrenic outpatients in a counterbalanced, double-blind, crossover study. Spontaneous locomotion was recorded with an unobtrusive actometer toward the end of each three-week drug period. Surprisingly, patients were significantly more active with thioridazine, whereas parkinsonian scores, prolactin levels, and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores remained about equal with the two drugs; thioridazine's extrapyramidal side effects were not "atypical." There are some explanations for why common clinical impressions and recent rodent studies have not predicted these results. PMID- 7247632 TI - Diagnostic interview for borderline patients. A replication study. AB - The borderline diagnosis is widely used despite a lack of systematic research on its reliability and validity. The recent development of a structured interview incorporating diagnostic criteria for borderline disorders in a replicable format represents a necessary, but not sufficient, methodological step in testing the validity of the borderline concept. To our knowledge, this is the first replication of Gunderson's Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines in a clinical setting and population quite different from the original. Clinically defined borderline patients were compared with control groups of schizophrenic and nondelusional unipolar depressed patients. Of 29 scored statements on the diagnostic interview, borderlines differed significantly from schizophrenics on 19, from depressives on 16, and from both on 19. Stepwise discriminant-function analyses of borderline vs each comparison group gave substantial support to the reliability of the interview and the diagnostic criteria. PMID- 7247631 TI - Parental communication deviance and affective style. Predictors of subsequent schizophrenia spectrum disorders in vulnerable adolescents. AB - In an attempt to assess the contributory role of family factors to the development of schizophrenia-like disorders, measures of parental communication deviance and affective styles of communication were obtained for a sample of families of disturbed but nonpsychotic adolescents. Outcome was assessed five years later. Absence of a pathologic affective style was associated with a benign outcome, but neither parental variable alone allowed precise identification of the schizophrenia-spectrum cases. However, an index using a combination of both variables was statistically predictive of subsequent psychiatric status at follow up. Thus, adolescents whose parents had both a pathologic affective style of communication and a high level of communication deviance had schizophrenia-like disorders develop in young adulthood. Adolescents of parents who had both lower levels of communication deviance and a benign affective style had offspring with healthier outcomes. PMID- 7247636 TI - Increased suicide risk: fact or artifact? PMID- 7247633 TI - Borderline personality and the Rorschach test. AB - Rorschach responses of borderline persons, acute and chronic schizophrenics, normals, and neurotics were compared on summary, composite, and fabulized combination scores and on a score reflecting decline in the quality of responses to individual cards. The groups' summary scores were as ego function theory would predict; normals had the highest scores, followed by neurotics, borderline persons, acute schizophrenics, and chronic schizophrenics. In a three-group comparison, discriminant-function analysis correctly classified most of the borderline and acute and chronic schizophrenic subjects. In a two-group comparison, stepwise regression analysis correctly classified most of the borderline and acute schizophrenic subjects. The borderline persons tended to produce more fabulized combination responses and show a greater decline in response quality on each card. The associative drift and sporadic reasoning problems imputed to borderline persons clinically distinguished the borderline sample's Rorschach records. PMID- 7247634 TI - Infants at risk for schizophrenia. The Jerusalem Infant Development Study. AB - The development of infants born to parents with serious mental disorders was followed up from birth through the first year of life. An individual-differences approach to statistical analysis. Multidimensional Scalogram Analysis (MSA), was shown to be an effective statistical procedure for examining heterogeneous psychiatric populations. The MSA revealed the existence of a subgroup of infants born to schizophrenics who repeatedly performed poorly in motor and sensorimotor areas of functioning during their first year of life. These infants were especially vulnerable to external insults, and many had low to low-normal birth weights. These findings, taken together with similar findings from other investigations, add support to the hypothesis that these infants may have a genetically determined neurointegrative deficit. PMID- 7247635 TI - Effects of artificial food colorings in children with hyperactive symptoms. A critical review and results of a controlled study. AB - The "Feingold diet," which eliminates artificial food colorings, has been claimed to be beneficial to hyperactive children. Previous studies have yielded equivocal results. We sought to maximize the likelihood of demonstrating behavioral effects of artificial food colorings by (1) studying only children who were already on the Feingold diet and who were reported by their parents to respond markedly to artificial food colorings, (2) attempting to exclude placebo responders, and (3) administering high dosages of coloring. The design was a double-blind crossover with randomized; 11 children maintained on the Feingold diet were challenged with food coloring and placebo (one each week). Evaluations by parents, teachers, and psychiatrists and psychological testing yielded no evidence of a food coloring effect. PMID- 7247638 TI - Treating psychophysiologic insomnia with biofeedback. AB - After evaluating 165 insomniacs, 48 psychophysiologic insomniacs were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: electromyographic (EMG) feedback, combined EMG and theta feedback, sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) feedback, and no treatment (control). Sleep evaluations by home logs and in the laboratory were done before and after biofeedback and nine months later. No feedback group showed improved sleep significantly more than did the controls. The amount of feedback learning correlated significantly with sleep improvement for the SMR group but not for the other groups. Initial tension of the insomniacs correlated positively with sleep improvement for the EMG group, but negatively with sleep improvement for the SMR group. Those treated with the biofeedback that seemed appropriate for their specific deficiencies showed significant sleep improvements, while those who received inappropriate feedback did not. Appropriate biofeedback methods may be effective for specific types of insomnia, but these procedures offer no panacea for all poor sleep. PMID- 7247637 TI - Delayed sleep phase syndrome. A chronobiological disorder with sleep-onset insomnia. AB - We describe a new syndrome called "delayed sleep phase insomnia." Thirty of 450 patients seen for a primary insomniac complaint had the following characteristics: (1) chronic inability to fall asleep at a desired clock time; (2) when not on a strict schedule, the patients have a normal sleep pattern and after a sleep of normal length awaken spontaneously and feel refreshed; and (3) a long history of unsuccessful attempts to treat the problem. These patients were younger than the general insomniac population and as a group did not have a specific psychiatric disorder. Six patients' histories are described in detail, including the successful nonpharmacological chronotherapy regimen (resetting the patients' biological clock by progressive phase delay). Delayed sleep phase insomnia is proposed to be a disorder of the circadian sleep-wake rhythm in which the "advance" portion of the phase response curve is small. PMID- 7247639 TI - Behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy for obesity. AB - The effects of behavior therapy, pharmacotherapy, and their combination were compared in 120 women during six months of treatment of obesity and one year after treatment. Patients who received fenfluramine hydrochloride alone lost 14.5 kg, ad those who had combined pharmacotherapy and behavior therapy lost 15.3 kg; both losses were significantly greater than that of those who had behavior therapy alone (10.9 kg). A waiting-list control group gained 1.3 kg. One-year follow-up of all living patients who completed treatment showed a striking reversal in the relative efficacy of the treatments. Behavior-therapy patients regained significantly less than pharmacotherapy and combined-treatment patients. Accordingly, at follow-up, these groups did not differ significantly in weight loss. Thus, pharmacotherapy produced more rapid regaining of weight after treatment. Furthermore, adding pharmacotherapy to behavior therapy apparently compromised the long-term effects of the latter treatment. PMID- 7247640 TI - Screening criteria for the diagnosis of schizophrenia in deaf patients. AB - Confusion about symptoms of schizophrenia in deaf patients leads to misdiagnosis or failure of diagnosis in some individuals. Consequently, we used Schneider's symptoms of schizophrenia, the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia's list of discriminating symptoms of schizophrenia, and a symptom checklist from DSM-III to evaluate retrospectively 13 deaf adult schizophrenic patients in whom diagnosis were made using DSM-II. Fifteen signs and symptoms were identified in those schizophrenic patients; six symptoms (poor insight, lability of affect, poverty of content, poor rapport, vagueness, and inability to complete a course of action) are usual in nonpsychotic as well as psychotic deaf patients. The nine "primary" symptoms (loss of ego boundaries, delusional perceptions, restricted affect, illogicality, abnormal explanations, hallucinations, inappropriate affect, remoteness from reality, and ambivalence) are useful screening criteria in the diagnosis of schizophrenia in deaf patients. PMID- 7247641 TI - Predictive validity of DSM-III and Feighner definitions of schizophrenia. A comparison with research diagnosis criteria and CATEGO. AB - The new DSM-III and the Feighner criteria give definitions of schizophrenia that are restrictive in that they require six months of illness before the diagnosis can be made. The definitions are compared with definitions of schizophrenia in the Research Diagnosis Criteria and CATEGO in terms of predictive validity using a cohort of 125 psychotic patients from the United States-United Kingdom Diagnostic Project. The results showed that while the DSM-III and Feighner definitions were more restrictive, they also had a higher degree of predictive specificity than the other two definitions. No patient diagnosed by DSM-III or Feighner criteria showed a change in diagnosis over time, and these patients were more likely to have persistent schizophrenic symptoms and to have social handicap. The appropriateness of the requirement of six months of illness and the practicality of using outcome as a validity measure are discussed. PMID- 7247642 TI - Prediction of treatment response in mania. AB - We evaluated the relation of responsivity of somatic treatment and heterogeneity in a sample of III manics (diagnosed by Feighner criteria) by assessing demographic, clinical, and family illness variables-historical variables potentially related to abnormal brain function and cortical function as measured by neuropsychological and EEG techniques. Except for a positive, perhaps unimportant, relationship between an abnormal EEG and improvement, we could find little evidence for biological differences between responders and nonresponders to treatment. However, 30% of the nonresponders and only 4% of the responders prematurely terminated treatment, suggesting a strong nonbiological mechanism underlying treatment failure. We conclude that there are as yet no adequate predictors of short-term treatment response in mania and that evidence for heterogeneity in mania must be sought elsewhere. PMID- 7247643 TI - Cardiovascular effects of therapeutic doses of tricyclic antidepressants. A review. AB - Overdose of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) leave no doubt that TCA drugs at high concentrations have serious cardiac effects. It has been assumed that, to a lesser extent, these effects would occur at usual therapeutic concentration. Recent prospective, plasma-level-controlled studies have improved our understanding of these drugs and proved these assumptions to be inaccurate. The most common serious cardiovascular complication of most tricyclic drugs is orthostatic hypotension. Tricyclic antidepressants are essentially free of any other serious adverse effects in depressed patients without cardiovascular disease. In patients with preexisting bundle-branch disease, there is a risk of heart block. On the other hand, patients with ventricular arrhythmias are likely to have their arrhythmias improve with TCA therapy. Finally, therapeutic doses of TCA have little adverse effect on left ventricular performance. As a result, TCA drugs can often be used to benefit depressed patients with overt heart disease. PMID- 7247644 TI - An interdisciplinary comparison of consultation outcomes. Psychiatry vs cardiology. AB - Responses to cardiologists' and psychiatrists' recommendations for drugs and diagnostic actions were compared in a retrospective study of 788 consultations. Variables significantly related to outcome achieved by cardiologists and psychiatrists were identified; similarities among these variables were evident only for the drug recommendations. Cardiologists' recommendations achieved a higher rate of concordance than psychiatrists' for both drugs and diagnostic actions. For drug recommendations, the interservice discrepancy in concordance was directly related to differences in timing of the consultations and incidence of recommendations to start a drug. For diagnostic recommendations, however, the difference was directly related to the consultants' service. The following factors may explain the less favorable outcome for psychiatrists' diagnostic recommendations: (1) the reasons for seeking psychiatric consultation, (2) the consultees' expectations, and (3) the skill of the psychiatrists in offering these recommendations. PMID- 7247646 TI - Relapse in schizophrenia. PMID- 7247647 TI - Schizoaffective disorder: criteria and prevalence. PMID- 7247645 TI - Puerperal Psychosis. Phenomena and diagnosis. AB - Fifty-eight psychoses beginning within two weeks of childbirth are compared with 52 episodes of nonpuerperal psychotic illness occurring in young women. A clinical approach based on the use of multiple information sources and integrated assessment was used. Statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients were found in 52 of 214 psychopathological variables. Postpartum patients had more manic symptoms and "confusion," while nonpuerperal patients had more schizophrenic symptoms. The Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) showed an excess of schizoaffective (manic) puerperal patients and schizoaffective (depressed) or schizophrenic nonpuerperal patients. Only five of 58 puerperal episodes met RDC for schizophrenia. The relative lack of schizophrenic symptoms in the puerperal group was confirmed by self-ratings. The results are interpreted as supporting a link between puerperal psychosis and manic-depressive disease. PMID- 7247649 TI - Potential biologically active agents, XXXVIII. Synthesis of substituted indophenazines. PMID- 7247651 TI - [4,6-Dialkylated pyrimidine derivatives (authors's transl)]. PMID- 7247650 TI - Studies on potential antiviral compounds, XI. Thiosemicarbazones of hydroaromatic ketones. PMID- 7247648 TI - Naloxone-induced lethargy. PMID- 7247652 TI - Synthesis and bioligical properties of some 3-heterocyclic substituted coumarins. PMID- 7247653 TI - Synthesis, spectral studies and anti-infammatory activity of some new 2 aryloxybenzimidazoles. PMID- 7247654 TI - Synthesis and bioligical evaluation of sydnone-4-sulfonamides. PMID- 7247655 TI - Functional assessment in vocational rehabilitation: a systematic approach to diagnosis and goal setting. AB - The Functional Assessment Inventory (FAI) has been developed for diagnostic use in vocational rehabilitation. This study involved field testing and initial validation of the Inventory as a diagnostic tool. Thirty vocational rehabilitation counselors administered the Inventory to 351 clients. Factor analysis identified 8 scales: Cognitive Function, Motor Function, Personality and Behavior. Vocational Qualifications, Medical Condition, Vision, Hearing, and Economic Disincentives. Content and concurrent validity of the Inventory were assessed by comparing the scores of clients grounded by medical diagnosis and by relating scores to counselors' judgments of severity of disability and employability. Clients with various primary disabilities appeared to differ from one another on the factor scales and on individual items in predictable ways. Total Functional Limitations scores were highly correlated with counselors' ratings of severity of disability and employability. PMID- 7247656 TI - Head-up tilt effect on glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, and mean arterial pressure in spinal man. AB - Changes in glomerular filtration rate (GRF), renal plasma flow (RPF), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured in subjects tested in supine and head-up tilt positions with various levels of spinal cord lesion and thus with different degrees of supraspinal sympathetic vasomotor control. Responses of paraplegic subjects to head-up tilt were not significantly different from those of normal controls but GFR and RPF were significantly lower in quadriplegics in the supine position. With tilt, MAP and RPF decreased significantly, but the fall in GFR was not significant. In all 3 groups, the GFR during head-up tilt was similar, indicating that in spite of the great loss of supraspinal sympathetic control, quadriplegic subjects apparently equally-constrict their afferent and efferent renal arterioles during orthostatic stress and thus prevent excessive fall of GFR. PMID- 7247657 TI - Topical anesthesia: a possible treatment method for spasticity. AB - Topical anesthesia was applied to the skin of the leg and thigh of a hemiparesis patient resulting from embolic infarction in the middle cerebral artery. After application of the anesthesia, the angular displacement of the ankle and knee joints measured during a full gait cycle showed a substantial shift towards normal. This response indicated a reduction in muscle spasticity which was confirmed by clinical tests. Neurophysiologic studies performed on the patient suggested that the reduction in muscular hypertonicity was mediated by reduced cutaneous inputs on the alpha - gamma motoneuron interaction. This conjecture is supported by studies of other investigators performed on animals as well as humans. PMID- 7247658 TI - Sexual health care clinician in an acute spinal cord injury unit. AB - This article introduces the role of the sexual health care clinician, a nonphysician specialist trained to diagnose and treat sexual dysfunctions of disabled persons. Under medical supervision, the clinician is part of the treatment team in an acute spinal cord injury unit, a general rehabilitation center and an extended care unit. The clinician's role includes direct patient care; education for professionals, students and community agencies; liaison with other rehabilitation groups; and research. The process of sexual rehabilitation is conceptualized and experience with the specialty in an acute setting is described. Experience indicates that sexual assessment, diagnosis and management is a technical specialty which requires in-depth training. The major contributions of the service are an early legitimization of sex-related concerns; the crystallization of physiologic emotional and social capabilities and needs; and the specific instructions for experimentation with various sexual alternatives. PMID- 7247660 TI - Exercise training using arms and legs versus legs along. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether levels of conditioning associated with conventional leg work are comparable to those associated with both arm and leg work. Six healthy men conditioned for 6 weeks using both arms and legs while a similar group of 5 men conditioned using legs alone. The subjects trained 3 times per week on a bicycle ergometer, and covered a distance of 3 miles (4.83 km) per session using interval training techniques. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were the primary comparative measures. There were no differences in improvement of maximal aerobic power between the 2 groups. However, the arm and leg subjects were able to do more work at a lower HR during the conditioning program. This implies considerably less physical stress on the heart and skeletal muscle, and indicates that the feeling of stress is related to metabolic rate per square area of working muscle rather than to total metabolism. Since this type of conditioning provides high levels of improvement in aerobic power wit less demands on the myocardium, it is suggested that arm and leg exercise be incorporated in the rehabilitation of cardiac patients. PMID- 7247661 TI - Response of type I fibers to weight lifting in rat plantaris. AB - The purpose of this histochemical study was to determine the effect of weight lifting exercise training on the muscle fibers in 2 muscle regions of the rat plantaris. Adult female Wistar rats were trained to carry weights up to 150 gm on their backs, up a 50 degrees incline, for a period of 6 weeks. A comparison between the exercised and control groups showed no significant muscle hypertrophy or change in the number of fibers. Only the smallest muscle fibers, which are located predominantly in the superficial region of the plantaris, showed a significant increase (19.6%, p less than 0.01) in diameter. The data suggest that the smallest muscle fibers, in the superficial region of the plantaris in this weight lifting training program, were exercised out of proportion to their usual activity and responded to the stress of the activity by enlarging. PMID- 7247662 TI - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a quadriplegic patient. AB - This paper presents an unusual case of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding which followed a period of nausea and vomiting in a quadriplegic patient in whom endoscopy revealed a tear in the distal esophagus. Similar lesions have been described as the Mallory-Weiss syndrome. The physiology of vomiting is presented, wherein abdominal muscle contraction plays a partial role. The pathophysiology in the patient who lacks functional abdominal muscles is considered in relation to etiology. It is suggested that mucosal tears similar to those associated with a Mallory-Weiss syndrome be added to the differential diagnosis of upper GI bleeding in quadriplegic patients. PMID- 7247664 TI - Preliminary report on the lysogeny and lysosensitivity of some non-agglutinable vibrio strains (NAG) isolated in Romania. PMID- 7247663 TI - Electromyographic abnormalities in Paget disease of the thoracolumbar vertebral column. AB - This report describes a patient with Paget disease of the lower thoracic and lumbosacral vertebrae who developed slowly progressive paraparesis. The electromyographic findings were abnormal in the thoracolumbar paraspinal muscles and the right medial gastrocnemius muscle. In the presence of a normal myelogram, we concluded that the denervation found by electromyography was due to neural ischemia rather than mechanical compression of neural tissue, as is sometimes the case. PMID- 7247659 TI - Standing balance in healthy boys and in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Balance in double stance was measured on a force platform with an X-Y Plotter (stabilograph) in 57 healthy boys aged 5 to 10 years and in 13 children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), aged 6 to 15 years. Horizontal excursions of the center of gravity were measured in the anteroposterior (AP) and right-left (RL) planes. Measurements superimposed upon foot position tracings were compared with a potential excursion defined by the outer margin of foot position. Balancing ability was expressed as a ratio of measured excursion to potential maximal excursion. The objective was to determine whether a quantitative functional measure relating to muscle weakness and standing could be obtained. The mean ratio of AP excursions for healthy children was 0.5 (range 0.29 to 0.7); for dystrophic children 0.29 (range 0.07 to 0.57). The mean ratio of RL excursions for healthy children was 0.57 (range 0.23 to 0.77); for dystrophic children 0.36 (range 0.1 to 0.63). These ratios tended to increase with age in healthy children but decreased in those with dystrophy. DMD children have less ability to move the horizontal center of gravity within the base of support on double stance than their healthy peers of comparable age. Stabilography may be useful not only for assessing balance and documenting its deterioration but also for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment in DMD. PMID- 7247665 TI - Serovar determination of Romanian L. icterohaemorrhagiae strains. PMID- 7247666 TI - Pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutical approaches in infections with the HB virus. PMID- 7247667 TI - Use of MDCK cell line for isolation of influenza virus strains. PMID- 7247668 TI - [Induction of resistance of the species Musca domestica L. to trichlorphon. The effect of trichlorfon on fertility of Musca domestica L. females. Laboratory studies]. PMID- 7247670 TI - The scrutiny of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) presence in natural biotopes in Dobrudja. PMID- 7247669 TI - The remanent effect of some insecticides on anophelines in rural environment. PMID- 7247671 TI - [Active E rosette test in the study of PPD hypersensitivity]. AB - In our study we show that pre-incubation of lymphocytes with PPD "in vitro", produces a significant increase in the number of E active rosettes. This increase is only for subjects with cutaneous hypersensitivity to tuberculin. We think this is a specific test and we studied the confidence interval for our results. We discuss the possibility to evaluate the immune-status of a subject, testing his lymphocytes with a panel of antigens. The active E rosette test is simpler, cheaper and easier to perform than other tests to evaluate the cellular immune status of patients. PMID- 7247672 TI - [Direct and induced lymphocytotoxicity to rabbit hepatocytes in chronic active hepatitis]. AB - The lymphocytotoxicity to rabbit hepatocytes either direct or serum induced was evaluated in chronic active hepatitis (CAH). We obtained the following results: a) the direct lymphocytotoxicity obtained in CAH patients significantly correlated with the cytotoxicity induced by CAH sera in normal lymphocytes; b) no difference could be recorded in CAH HBsAG positive or negative; c) the target antigen of the immune reaction seems to be the liver specific lipoprotein. PMID- 7247673 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and non-oncological liver diseases (case report)]. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), an oncofetal glycoprotein, has been originally suggested as a tumor marker for colorectal cancer and afterwards has been regarded as a specific marker for different cancers. The determination of CEA in 73 patients with "benign" hepatic diseases points out the limitation of test's diagnostic value on account of the not infrequent observation of false positives in the examined cases. In particular the greatest incidence and intensity of elevated levels of CEA has been found in hepatic cirrhosis. However must be mentioned that the highest values of CEA has been documented nearly constantly in the comparison's group of some forms of malignancies, between which nevertheless there have been sporadically false negatives. PMID- 7247675 TI - [Methods for the detection and prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis]. AB - An account is given of methods used in the detection of HBs antigen in the serum of blood donors. It is felt that the microelisa (microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method is the most sensitive, leaving aside the RIA. Its easy execution and low cost make it a sound alternative to the more sensitive, yet more complex RIA. PMID- 7247674 TI - [IgA/transferrin ratio in alcoholic liver disease]. PMID- 7247676 TI - [Statistical evaluation of changes in blood bilirubin in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7247677 TI - [Neuropsychic disorders in liver diseases]. PMID- 7247678 TI - [Creation of an experimental model of antro-jejunal and antro-colic transposition in rats]. PMID- 7247679 TI - [An experimental model of jejunal-cecal transposition in the rat. Preliminary histological results]. AB - A method for transposition of the jejunum into the caecum was experimental in two groups of rats. In the first, transposition was obtained with a pedicled flap formed of a segment of th jejunum. In the second, the vasculonervous pedicle was sectioned on the 15th day. The histological results observed in segments removed after various periods of time are discussed. PMID- 7247680 TI - [Values of a number of blood parameters and body growth of rats subjected to fetal and post-natal protein malnutrition]. AB - Nests of rats, generated by mothers receiving synthetic diets of different protein content during gestation and in post-pregnancy phase, have been kept under observation during suckling and after weaning care being taken that offspring received the same diet as characterised maternal feeding. It was found that in the animals receiving hypoproteic diet (6% proteins), early induced malnutrition extended up to the 40th day of life, namely the term for the cellular subdivision of almost all organs, cuts body growth by about 80% compared to control rats, and is accompanied by a remarkable drop in packed-cell volume and haemoglobin value. In parallel, the electrophoretic pictures of hypoproteic rats were characterised by a drop in serous albumin, offset by a marked rise in beta and gamma globulin, Finally, evaluation of the weigh ratios between the brain and other organs of vital importance, underlines the preferential growth of the cerebral mass in rats receiving an inadequate protein supply. PMID- 7247681 TI - [The disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Physiopathological and clinical aspects]. AB - On the basis of the data expressed in the world medical literature the Authors examine the syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation, discussing the etiopathogenetic motives, the most significant physiopathologic aspects and the diagnostic-differential and therapeutic problems. They conclude pointing out the necessity of including the eventuality of D.I.C. among the diagnostic possibilities, in as much as the early identification of the syndrome and an adequate therapeutic treatment, employed at the right time, can consent, in not few cases, to save the patient's life. PMID- 7247682 TI - [Behavior of blood triglycerides, blood uric acid and blood cholesterol in presenile and senile patients suffering from arterial hypertension associated or not with cholelithiasis and/or diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7247684 TI - [Rehabilitation of ischemic heart disease through the optimal use of existing structures. A working hypothesis for the Val d'Arda area]. PMID- 7247683 TI - [Emergency transfer of cardiac patients. The extent of the problem in the first 5 years of activity of the Imperia Hospital's Cardiology Department]. AB - An account is offered of urgent transfers of patients carried out by the Imperia Hospital's cardiology section in a period of 5 yr. Frequency (1.5% of admitted patients), destination (63% to Genoa, the regional capital), modality (Red Cross ambulance in all but one case), and form of accompaniment (doctor or trained attendant in 81%) are described along with the reasons for the transfer. Of these, 73% were AV block with MAS. It is felt, if the section can be equipped in the future for the installation of permanent pacemakers, the number of such transfers could be cut down to a few cases per year. PMID- 7247685 TI - [Renal tubular dysplastic glycosuria. Present knowledge]. PMID- 7247687 TI - [A case of giant hydronephrosis in a child, secondary to congenital stenosis of the pyeloureteral junction]. AB - An examination of some anatomopathological and clinical aspects of hydronephrosis and its causes in childhood is followed by the description of a personal case marked by discrepancy between the anatomical and pathological picture of giant hydronephrosis and the complete absence of symptoms, resulting in delay in its clinical detection. Stress is laid on the fact that, although surgical reconstruction of the pyeloureteral junction is possible, a very great number of nephrectomies still have to be performed owing to the tardy discovery of these lesions. PMID- 7247686 TI - [Acute renal failure and multiple trauma]. AB - Only recently the relationship between trauma and acute renal failure has been described on a rational basis. Shock is commonly a major pathogenetic factor in tubulo-interstitial damage often associated with other causes, such as toxic agents, toxins, immunologic and coagulation mechanisms. The Authors consider the various patterns of acute renal failure such as the "functional, tubulo interstitial, cortical necrosis" and analyze the different etiopathogenesis. Finally they report the mortality rate of acute renal failure in S. Giovanni Hospital of Turin from 1969 to 1979. PMID- 7247689 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects of rhabdomyosarcoma. Description of a case]. PMID- 7247688 TI - [The treatment of loose diaphyseal fractures of the humeral diaphysis using the hanging cast method]. AB - A personal series of loose diaphyseal fractures of the humeral diaphysis, treated with the hanging plaster case method, has been examined in order to assess results. These were positive in most treated cases, with a complication percentage comparable to that obtainable with other methods. Although it is not considered that the usual treatment of reduction and plaster cast thoraco brachial immobilisation should be abandoned, it is considered that the hanging cast is an equally valid alternative in all cases in which the patient's general condition represents a contraindication to the application of a bulky chest extended cast. PMID- 7247690 TI - [Clinico- and epidemiological notes on 9 cases of imported malaria]. PMID- 7247691 TI - [Non-glycosuric meliturias]. PMID- 7247692 TI - [Changes in cutaneous anergy in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7247693 TI - [Radiographic evaluation of the hip in children. Proposal for standardizing findings]. AB - Considering that the complexity of the numerous X-ray techniques proposed for study of the child hip are ill fitted to standardization of the investigation, straightforward frontal and axial projections are proposed for this purpose. These are carried out with a special technique to enable subsequent controls to be reproduced and so as to obtain, with the aid of precise measurements, a complete morphological picture of the joint in question. Possibilities of error and exposure to ionizing radiations are cut to the minimum. These ideas are all the more indispensable today in the presence of problems of selecting children by peripheral units and centres responsible for specific conditions, even though techniques of maximum simplicity and safety are used. PMID- 7247694 TI - [Evaluation of intestinal absorption of calcium in rats treated and not treated with 25-OHD3. New study technics]. PMID- 7247695 TI - [Clinical observations on the treatment of ischemic cardiac disease with a calcium antagonist: nifedipine]. AB - Results obtained wih Nifedipine in 146 coronary patients, 85 of them suffering from coronaro-sclerosis with rest and effort stenocardic attacks, and 61 with post-infarctual stenocardic signs, are reported. In 76% of patients in the first group and in 85% of those in the second, pain symptomatology disappeared rapidly; ECGs also showed attenuation and modification, particularly among angina patients. The drug also led to a reduction in hypertension. PMID- 7247697 TI - [Pharmacoresistance to anti-tubercular chemical antibiotics and tuberculin reactivity]. PMID- 7247696 TI - [Effects of cimetidine on the cardiovascular system of normal subjects]. AB - The effect of cimetidine on the cardiovascular system of normal subjects has been assessed. Eight healthy subjects were submitted to i.v. infusion on 200 mg of cimetidine in 2'; at a second stage, five of these were treated with placebo in equal volume and infusion speed. Polygraphic (LVET, PEP, PEP/LVET, triple product) and echocardiographic (systolic volume, cardiac capacity, velocity, circumferential shortening and ejection fraction) parameters were considered and heart frequency and arterial pressure measured. Measurements were carried out prior to infusion and for periods subsequent to the end of infusion. The results showed a statistically significant reduction only in heart frequency, triple product and cardiac output of subjects treated with cimetidine; no modifications were observed in subjects treated with placebo. It is concluded that cimetidine changes in heart frequency and its related parameters. PMID- 7247698 TI - [Hemofiltration: present and future]. AB - Four thousand hemofiltrations have been performed in 22 patients with low tolerance to conventional hemodialysis (20 cases), and severe arterial hypertension (2 cases). In comparison with hemodialysis, hemofiltration had a low incidence of intradialytic collapses, vomit and cramps, and allowed a better state of well-being during interdialytic periods. In hypertensive patients hemofiltration has accomplished a better control of arterial pressure and pharmacotherapy has been reduced. In this study, we report the data concerning metabolism, electrolytes, acid-base balance during our experience utilizing bicarbonate in the replacement fluid. Our experience further supports the impression that hemofiltration may have some advantages in patients with low tolerance to conventional dialysis and/or severe dislipemia and hypertension. The possibility to reduce dialysis duration to 3 hrs, stimulates further application of this new treatment in a wider number of patients on RDT. PMID- 7247702 TI - [Penetration of amoxicillin into the cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - The results of a study of the CSF concentration of i.v. amoxicillin in control subjects free of meningeal inflammation are presented. The drug proved capable of passing the blood-brain barrier when employed in sufficiently high doses, even in the absence of meningeal inflammation. The CSF level of the antibiotic was higher than the MIC required for most of the meningeal pathogens. PMID- 7247699 TI - [Gastric volvulus. Considerations on a clinical case]. PMID- 7247701 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the colon. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7247700 TI - [Ileocecal actinomycosis. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7247703 TI - [Experimental EMG-anatomopathological study of rabbits treated with Cialit grafts for the repair of sciatic nerve loss of substance]. AB - The sciatic nerves of 10 rabbits of the New Zealand strain were cut and isolated in the latero-posterior region of the thigh under general anesthesia. Immediate homograft technique was used in animals. The maximal motor conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve was measured in all the animals before the cutting of the nerve. Long-term EMG and anatomo-pathological controls were carried out. The results obtained are discussed. Further research will be continued by applying new techniques and new EMG parameters as well as more sophisticated anatomo pathological techniques. PMID- 7247705 TI - [Portacaval anastomosis with a bypass of lyophilized dura mater. Experimental research in young dogs]. AB - A review of the relevant literature is followed by an account of the use of freeze-dried dura mater prostheses in the construction of porta-cava anastomoses in young dogs. Results of an experiment showed that involution of the dura mater in the new passage between the porta and the cava was followed by the establishment of connective tissue only, and later by the appearance of smooth muscle. The conclusion is drawn that this material gives satisfactory results and is ripe for further development, using various modalities. PMID- 7247704 TI - [Effect of male and female hormones on the appearance and development of experimental 20-methylcholanthrene-induced tumors in young albino rats]. AB - A review of the relevant literature is followed by an investigation of the effect of male and female hormones on the onset and growth of 20-methylcholanthrene induced tumours in approximately 15-day-old rats. The results indicated that oestrogens facilitate the onset of tumours in females, and hinder it in males, whereas testosterone provokes tumours in both males and females, contrary to what happens in the adult rat. It is felt that the latter finding can be ascribed to the fact that, since the transformation of oestradiol from testosterone usually takes place at 12 months (Di Prisco et al)., the antagonist effect between hormones of different sex which appears to oppose tumour growth had not yet occurred. This, then could be one of the reasons for carcinogenesis in female rats treated with testosterone, aided by hormonal stimulus of cell glycolysis. PMID- 7247706 TI - [Case of an unusual association of meningeal infections: cryptococcosis and tuberculosis]. PMID- 7247707 TI - [Short-term changes induced with phytohemagglutinin in cells of the Yoshida ascites hepatoma]. PMID- 7247709 TI - [Behavior of several prostaglandins (PGA, PGB, PGE 1, PGE 2, PGF 1, PGF 2) in normal and leukemic leukocytes. Radioimmunological method on intact cells]. AB - The behaviour of prostaglandins A, B, E 1, E 2, F 1 and F 2 has been examined in the granulocytes and lymphocytes of the peripheral blood of normal subjects and in circulating leucocytes of patients with CML, AML, CLL and ALL. At the same time, modifications of PGE 2 in the granulocytes of normal subjects and in patients with CML or AML before and after phagocytosis of latex particles were monitored. The general observation was a lowering in PGE and PGF in acute myeloid and lymphatic leukaemia, while the variations in CML and CLL were rather complex. Also observed was a reduction in PGE 2 in AML but not in CML, including a reduced response to phagocytosis in granulocytes. The data are compared with previous reports of AMPc and GMPc in the same cells and commented on, taking into consideration their possible reflexion on the proliferative and functional activity of the cells examined. PMID- 7247708 TI - [Changes in the sialomucin content of cells of the Yoshida ascites hepatoma after radiotherapy. Cytophotometric analysis]. AB - The X-ray (400 R) action on the membrane glycoproteins, glycolipids and sialic acid residues was studied in Yoshida ascites tumour cells. Some cells were pretreated with neuraminidase and then all were submitted to the Hale's reaction; the stain intensity was determined by integrating microdensitometer at a wave length of 660 nm. A significant decrease of the Hale-positivity (P less than 0,05) has been observed in cells submitted either to radiation or to enzyme treatment. PMID- 7247710 TI - [Hyaluronidase activity in human seminal fluid]. PMID- 7247712 TI - [Clinical considerations on the pregnant woman, at term, with chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 7247711 TI - [Evaluation of intestinal absorption of calcium in rats treated or not treated with diphosphonates. New study methods]. PMID- 7247713 TI - [The sino-bronchial syndrome in the adult. Considerations and case reports on 1137 patients treated with drainage of the maxillary sinus at the ORL Division of the Santo Luigi Gonzaga Hospital of Turin]. PMID- 7247714 TI - [Determination of fibrinolysis inhibitor activity in pregnancy. Preparation of plasminogen]. PMID- 7247715 TI - [Relation between maternal fibrinogen and placental fibrin in normal pregnancy at term]. PMID- 7247716 TI - [Blood lipids and alcohol consumption in the aged]. AB - In order to clarify the importance of chronic alcohol uptake in modifying the plasmal lipid levels in the aged people, two groups of males were examined. The people in the two groups had same mean age, and smoking habits (under 10 cigarettes a day) and received the same free ward diet, but had a different alcohol uptake; one group drank more than 150 g of ethanol a day and the other group less than 50 g. The almost only vehicle of ethanol was the red wine. No differences were found among the two groups neither for the cholesterol nor for total lipids, nor for triglycerides. This confirmed that for the aged people it cannot be spoken of an "alcohol induced iperlipemia". PMID- 7247717 TI - [Adenoma of the parathyroid glands. Clinico-therapeutic study]. PMID- 7247720 TI - [A case of pure lymphatic dysplasia of the lower extremities in the absence of lymphedema]. PMID- 7247719 TI - [A case of subpleural lipoma]. PMID- 7247718 TI - [Spigelian lateral ventral hernia. Clinical contribution]. PMID- 7247721 TI - The interrelationship of sex guilt, sex behavior, and age in an adult sample. AB - Sexual guilt is defined as a generalized expectancy for self-mediated punishment for violating or anticipating violating internalized standards of proper sexual conduct. Previous studies have focused on the relationship between sexual guilt and sexual behavior in college students. The relationship has been shown to be inverse and quite strong. The present study employed a sample of males, ages 27 to 73. The instruments used were the Sexual Guilt Subscale of the Mosher Forced Choice Guilt Scale and the Bentler Heterosexual Behavior Assessment Scale. As in prior studies, it was found that there was a significant inverse correlation between sexual guilt and sexual behavior. In addition, there was found to be an inverse correlation between sexual behavior and age. A significant positive correlation was found between sexual guilt and age. When age was held constant, it was found that there was a highly significant inverse correlation between sexual guilt and sexual behavior. This factoring out of age clarifies the relationship between these variables. The clinician should be aware that the age of a patient may not be a factor in his/her sexual behavior. PMID- 7247722 TI - Psychological characteristics of males with secondary erectile failure. AB - This study was designed to obtain objective data on the personality profiles of two groups of males with a primary complaint of erectile failure and compare them to a group of psychiatric patients unselected for sexual dysfunction and to a sexually "normal" control group. Utilizing the Eysenck Personality Inventory, the Institute of Personality and Ability Testing Anxiety Scale, Symptom Checklist, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, it was determined that males applying to a university/county hospital sex-dysfunction clinic appeared similar to patients seen in the same clinic who were unselected for sex dysfunction and more psychologically disturbed than patients with the same complaint applying for treatment at a private clinic. All three groups showed more psychopathology than sexually normal males. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7247723 TI - Partnership in transsexualism. Part I. Paired and nonpaired groups. AB - In a group of 72 transsexuals, 26 out of 55 male-to-female transsexuals had partners and 9 out of 17 female-to-male transsexuals had partners. Forty percent of the group of 35 paired transsexuals had been married, but most of these marriages had ended in divorce or separation. Six male patients were still married at the time of the enquiry. The two groups differed significantly in several respects. Those with partners (the paired group) had more fathers or heads of family in social classes I-III, while those without partners (the nonpaired group) were more often without their father in the first decade of life. Significantly more of the paired group received psychiatrists' rating of stable social adjustment. There was a tendency for the paired group to have a more successful employment history since leaving school and to change their National Insurance cards more often in order to obtain employment in their adopted gender. The groups did not differ in the amount of social drift, self confessed criminal behavior, age at referral, history of prostitution, or incidence of rejecting parents. There were also no significant differences on the following psychological tests: Wechsler Bellevue, Progressive Matrices, Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale, Maudsley Personality Inventory, Slater Selective Vocabulary- except that the nonpaired group knew fewer male words. Any differences between the two groups are perhaps best described in terms of social adjustment rather than any background social factors, personality, or clinical differences. PMID- 7247724 TI - Partnership in transsexualism. Part II. The nature of the partnership. AB - Thirty-five partners were identified in a group of 72 transsexuals. Six male-to female transsexuals continued to live with their marriage partner, but the remainder of the total group cohabited with a member of the same biological sex. Two of the female-to-male transsexuals had undergone a marriage ceremony with their present partner, but the remainder had not. In most cases the social class of the partner was the same as that of the transsexual. In one case two transsexuals were living together, and this case and three others out of a total of six who were interviewed are described in more detail. The partnerships described support the view that transsexualism is best regarded as an overvalued idea which may be accepted or shared by a partner. The extent to which the idea is shared is related to the bond of affection between the partners, the pattern of dominance between them, and the sexual needs of the partner. PMID- 7247725 TI - A study of pre- and postsurgical transsexuals: MMPI characteristics. AB - This study examines assessment issues concerning transsexualism through the use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The MMPI was administered to 20 transsexuals matched within sex on age and education: five presurgical male-to-females, five postsurgical male-to-females, five presurgical female-to-males, and five postsurgical female-to-males. Mean T scores for each of these four subsamples were examined in comparison to normative groups. Comparisons among the four subsamples showed significant differences in mean raw scores attributable to both sex and surgical status. The most striking of these comparisons indicated that postsurgical subjects had a higher level of psychological adjustment. PMID- 7247726 TI - Thermographic measurement of sexual arousal: a discriminant validity analysis. AB - Thermographic measurement was discovered to be a valid method for assessing human sexual arousal, in that it achieved adequate discriminant validity and that it covaried with self-reports of sexual arousal. The advantages of this procedure over other physiological methods are that it provides a thermogram indicating flow rate and transfer of heat, allows for cross-gender comparisons, and is a more ecologically valid method of assessing sexual arousal. PMID- 7247727 TI - The pre- and post-therapy measurement of communication skills of couples undergoing sex therapy at the Masters & Johnson Institute. AB - A battery of five paper and pencil questionnaires designed to measure empirically 10 specific skills hypothesized to be involved in effective interpersonal communication was employed to assess the pre- and post-therapy levels of these skills in couples undergoing treatment for sexual dysfunction at the Masters & Johnson Institute in St. Louis, Missouri. The females exhibited significant increases across the 2-week period of therapy for the following skills: positive assertion in intimate heterosexual peer relationships, assertiveness, verbal expression of feelings, and nonmaterial support and evidence of love. For the males significant increases in the following skills were obtained: assertiveness, verbal expression of feelings, self-disclosure, and tolerance of the less pleasant aspects of the loved one. A significant decrease was observed for the skill entitled feelings not expressed verbally to the loved one. Thus, both the females and males became more assertive and more able to express their feelings openly and thus more able to share more of themselves with their partners as a result of the therapy. These results lend empirical support to Masters and Johnson's theoretical model of communication and to the view that much more than simple behavior therapy is involved in a successful sex therapy program. PMID- 7247728 TI - In vivo morphogenesis of a new porcine enteric coronavirus, CV 777. PMID- 7247730 TI - Lethal toxicity of arthropod iridoviruses to an amphibian, Rana limnocharis. PMID- 7247729 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the small intestinal epithelium of suckling pigs affected with a transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)-like disease. AB - The small intestine of piglets collected during a sudden outbreak of diarrhoeal disease resembling transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) was examined by light and electron microscopy. The principal histopathological changes were moderate infiltration by mononuclear cells in the lamina propria of the villi and cytoplasmic vacuolation. These were most pronounced in the epithelial cells covering the villous tips. By scanning electron microscopy, the intestinal villi were swollen and the transverse furrows disappeared. Microvilli were reduced in number leaving denuded areas on the brush border of the villous epithelial cells. The ultrastructural changes were restricted to the cytoplasm of affected villous epithelial cells. The cell organelles were missing in rounded areas leaving cleared areas in the cytoplasm. Parallel fascicles and bundles were seen in these areas. Viral particles with an average diameter of 70 nm were found within the dilated apical tubulo-vesicular system, free in the cytoplasm, among the microvilli, or lying free in the intestinal lumen. Viral particles surrounded a non-membrane bound viroplasm in some cases. The negatively stained particles showed a typical coronavirus morphology. These particles were found to be distinct from the known coronaviruses of swine, TGE virus and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus by immune electron microscopy. PMID- 7247731 TI - Coordinate control of host DNA synthesis and measles virus production of persistently infected BHK-21 cells. AB - Measles virus, upon infection, caused cytopathic effects in BHK-21 cells while it readily established persistent infection in a mutant strain of BHK-21 cells which possessed a temperature sensitive defect in DNA synthesis (BN2). This finding demonstrated that host function can be involved in allowing the establishment of persistent infection. When BN2 and infected BN2 cells were incubated at the non permissive temperature (39.5 degrees C), DNA synthesis was inhibited in a similar manner in both cells types, suggesting that viral functions do not interfere with the expression of the host mutation. The ts mutation which blocked the DNA synthesis also caused inhibition of viral yield, viral antigen expression and viral RNA synthesis at 39.5 degrees C. The results suggest that continued DNA synthesis is necessary for the expression of measles functions. PMID- 7247732 TI - Inhibition of collagen and non-collagen protein synthesis in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells by hyperlipoproteinemic serum. AB - The response of rabbit arterial tissue to prolonged extreme hyperlipoproteinemia is the development of a state of enhanced in vitro protein synthesis where severe atherosclerosis is present. In order to examine this stimulation, arterial cells were grown in cell culture and exposed to hyperlipemic serum as a part of the growth medium. Rather than observing an overall increase in protein synthesis as seen in atherosclerotic tissue, the cells exposed to hyperlipemic serum produced less collagen and non-collagen protein per cell than counterparts exposed to normolipemic homologous serum. We conclude that exposure to hyperlipemic serum for six days in vitro causes enhanced cellular proliferation, as seen by others, and a general perturbation of protein synthesis which may be related to cell population density. PMID- 7247733 TI - Hypolipidemic and hypouricemic action of fenofibrate in various types of hyperlipoproteinemias. AB - Fenofibrate, a phenoxyacid derivative, given at daily dose of 300mg during 1 year following a single blind design, lowered significantly serum triglycerides and total cholesterol in patients various types of hyperlipoproteinemias (IIa, IV, V), fibrate significantly reduced plasma uric acid. Side effects were few after prolonged treatment. Moderate and transient increases in creatine phosphokinase and glutamopyruvic transaminase values were shown in some patients. An interaction with oral anticoagulants was also observed. PMID- 7247734 TI - Dietary and pharmacologic control of atherosclerosis regression in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). PMID- 7247736 TI - Complicating factors in evaluating coronary artery atherosclerosis. AB - The most commonly used morphological descriptors of coronary artery atherosclerosis are cross-sectional intimal area and "percent stenosis." Cross sectional intimal area, i.e. plaque area, describes lesion size, without normalizing for differences in arterial size. "Percent stenosis" describes the percentage of the area within the internal elastic lamina that is occupied by plaque. When using intimal area and percent lumen stenosis data from atherosclerosis regression experiments there may be interpretational difficulties not only in determining the extent to which atherosclerosis has regressed, but also in whether or not regression has occurred. Specifically, if there if a minimal decrease in intimal area, i.e. little or no regression of atherosclerisis, and the artery becomes larger, percent lumen stenosis will decrease, in some cases substantially, indicating improvement or "regression" of the disease. In experiments where the age, body and heart weights of baseline animals are different from those of the regression animals, part of the improvement that is seen in "percent stenosis" may be attributable to animal growth and part to an actual decrease in intimal area. A particularly interesting, complicating factor is the apparent effect of atherosclerosis on arterial size. In an atherosclerosis progression experiment we compared coronary arteries from cynomolgus monkeys fed either a control diet or an atherogenic diet for 36 months. Ages, body weights and heart weights were similar between the groups. The animals fed the atherogenic diet had much larger coronary artery intimal areas, but also had considerably larger coronary arteriese as indicated both by area enclosed by the internal elastic lamina and lumen area. These findings suggest that in growing animals atherosclerosis may result in increased arterial size and thereby complicate interpretations of atherosclerosis progression and regression experiments. PMID- 7247735 TI - The role of nonhuman primates in research on atherosclerosis regression hypothetical mechanisms implicated in regression. PMID- 7247738 TI - The effect of platelet poor plasma serum on endothelial cell spreading. AB - In this study the effects of platelet poor plasma serum (PPPS) on the in-vitro spreading of trypsinized procine aortic endothelial cells (EC) was investigated. EC cultured in porcine PPPS spread more slowly on glass coverslips than did cells cultured in procine whole blodd serum (WBS). EC cultured in PPPS adhered to the glass as well as those in WBC and grew equally well in PPPS and in WBS. The results suggest that PPPS may be deficient in a substance which is necessary for prompt spreading of EC. PMID- 7247737 TI - Chemical changes in the arterial wall during regression of atherosclerosis in monkeys. AB - Changes of arterial wall lipid and connective tissue components were studied under various regression regimes on experimental high fat-cholesterol diet induced atherosclerosis in non-human primates. Levels of plasma lipids and aorta tissue lipids were closely related, while an inverse relationship between plasma cholesterol levels was noted with the ratio of aorta tissue free/ester cholesterol. Although the total content of glycosaminoglycan increased slightly with increasing disease, changes of individual glycosaminoglycans were most closely related to the severity of aorta atherosclerosis associated with both induction and regression of disease. With increasing atherosclerosis hyaluronic acid tended to decrease, while chondroitin sulfates decreased. Heparan sulfate decreased considerably with increasing severity of atherosclerosis. Consequently, regression regimens reducing the severity reversed the glycosominoglycan changes. Withdrawal of the dietary stimulus and cholestryamine produced the greatest reversal of atherosclerosis. In contrast, D-thyroxine treatment resulted in severe aorta atherosclerosis comparable to controls receiving no treatment. The effectiveness of regression depends on favorably altering plasma lipids but without adversely affecting the arterial wall structural elements. PMID- 7247739 TI - Preliminary studies on experimentally induced calcification of femoral arteries in the rat. AB - Ligatured segments of femoral artery were incubated in vivo and examined after 15 days. Microscopic observation of these arterial segments showed medial calcification. Initial deposition of calcium occurs in the internal elastic lamina. Invasion of the tunica media occurs along the deep elastic fibres and in the fibrillar substances. PMID- 7247740 TI - [Cytologic aspects of cell determination in the primitive (Hensen's) knot]. AB - The avian primitive (Hensen's) knot is the main center of invagination and final determination of endodermal and mesodermal cells at gastrulation. At stages when the primitive streak is lengthening, cells in the primitive knot have the widest morphogenetic potencies and an outstanding ability for neural induction among other parts of the blastoderm. This labile state of the cells is characterized cytologically by an increased catabolism, expressed as an intensified decomposition of the intracellular yolk and increased autophagocytosis. In some places, the partly digested yolk is excreted from the cells and the marker-enzyme of lysosomes--acidic phosphotase--appears in the intercellular space. Some cells perish, and their debris are absorbed by neighbouring cells. The length of the intercellular contact is decreasing. Thus, the period of cell determination is characterized cytologically as a critical period, after P.G. Svetlov, with high injury and decreased regulatory activity. Individualization of the germ layers proves to be the beginning of a new developmental phase and at the cellular level it possesses some signs of transdifferentiation. PMID- 7247742 TI - [Development of double loach (Misgurnus fossilis) embryos in experimental polyembryony]. AB - After centrifugation of the loach (Misgurnus fossilis) roe, performed immediately after insemination, embryos with double anterior and common posterior body ends are forming, which is considered as a result of noncompleted experimental polyembryony. Twin embryos have been histologically studied at stages 33, 37 and 40 after A.A. Kostomarova (1975). In the experimental embryos normal axiality, as well as the anlage of the germ axial complex are preserved. Nevertheless, in most cases general disorders in their internal structure are observed, such as: underdevelopment, or lack of the chords, certain divergence in the neural tube morphogenesis and in the mesoderm differentiation, unpaired anlage of the organs of sense. There are cases when one or several neural tubes are layed down without any effect of the chorda. The data obtained support B.P. Tokin's idea (1977) on a possible peculiar realization of this process as compared to the normal embryogenesis. PMID- 7247743 TI - [Organization of the parenchymula of the endemic Baikal sponge Swartschewskia papyracea (Dyb)]. AB - The larva of the endemic Baikal sponge Swartschewskia papyracea freely swimming in water is a parenchymula which contains all main types of cells peculiar for the definitive sponge. Ultrastructure of these cells is described. Flagellar cells of the larva form a continuous layer with signs of polarity in distribution of organoids and inclusions specific for epithelial cells. Early specialization of collencytes secures, already at the larval stage, synthesis of a specific protein--collagen. Cytoplasm of blastomere-like nucleolar amoebocytes is overloaded with yolky inclusions at various stages of digestion. A developed Golgi complex is characteristic for this type of cells. Amoeboid cells with peculiar inclusions limited with a membrane and filled with a fine fibrillar material having central electron opaque granules are revealed. PMID- 7247745 TI - [Formation of extraorganic ovarian nerves during the intrauterine period of human ontogeny]. AB - By methods of histological investigation, plastic and graphic reconstruction, in 267 corpses of human embryos, prefetuses, fetuses and newborns, formation of extra- and intraorganic ovarian nerves has been studied. It has been stated that the neural fibres and trunklets grow into the ovarian anlage in prefetuses of 40 42 mm parietal-coccygeal length. The neural elements reach the ovarian anlage together with the ovarian artery and its branches. During the whole period of the intrauterine ontogenesis they concentrate in the mediastinum, albugineous membrane and in the ovarian interstitial connective tissue. As the gonads go down, the number of the extraorganic nerves increases, so does asymmetry in innervation of the right and left ovary. The number of the neural fibres and trunklets in the plexus around the left ovarian artery is greater than that of the right one. PMID- 7247741 TI - [Morphologic characteristics of successive transformations of mouse blastocysts into teratoids during development under the testicular capsule]. AB - Blastocysts of the CBAXC57Bl mouse strain transplanted under the testicular albuminous membrane normally develop (but delay in time) during 7-9 days forming embryos at the stage of the deep neural groove. The data obtained demonstrate that there is a definite autonomy in the development of early embryos not depending on any influence from the uterus at this stage. Desorganization of the embryo occurs 9-11 days after transplantation of the blastocyst. Further (14-20 days after transplantation) as a result of active histogenesis and atypical organogenesis, immature teratoid is forming. Secondary giant cells of the trophoblast develop in the presence of the internal cellular mass derivatives. PMID- 7247747 TI - [Effect of cicloxilic acid on biliary dynamics]. AB - This work was developed in order to estimate, with objective methods, the pharmacodynamic activities of a new choleretic and antilithogenic drug, the cicloxilic acid. It was determined the changes of daily biliary flow and bile composition in 8 patients with biliary system surgical intervention and "T" (Kehr) tube inserted. The cicloxilic acid was given in the dose of 240 mg/day. The results showed, after treatment, an emphasized middle volume increase of the excreted bile, as well as a significant decrease of the biliary cholesterol, while pH and density maintained constants. The results corroborated the pharmacodynamic activities given to cicloxilic acid as a "true" choleretic to be utilized in clinic situations where it's wished a biliary flow increase and the possibility to avoid a cholesterol lithiasis or relieve consequent disturbances. PMID- 7247746 TI - [Morphologic manifestations of immune responses in disrupted tubal pregnancy]. AB - An exudative-proliferative reaction, the base of which make lymphocytes, plasmic cells, macrophages, acidophilic and neutrophilic granulocytes, has been revealed in the wall of the uterine tubes of 60 women with a disturbed tubal pregnancy. Cellular composition of the infiltrate depends on time and type of abortion. A suggestion is made on the role of immunopathologic reactions in pathogenesis of some forms of ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7247744 TI - [Spermatogenesis of the Baikal sponge Lubomirskia baicalensis (Pallas). Ultrastructural study]. AB - In the sponge Lubomirskia baicalensis, a representative of the endemic fauna in the Baikal Lake, male specimens were first discovered and successive stages of their spermatogenesis were followed at light and electron microscopic levels. Male sex cells develop in cysts surrounded with a membrane consisting of cells which resemble pinacocytes by their ultrastructure. One sponge, during the period a spermatogenesis, contains in its tissue testicular follicles at various stages of the male sex cells maturation, within every follicle the development occurring more or less synchronously. As a result of transformations taking place in the ultrastructural organization of the spermatid, a primitive type of spermatozoon is forming, without acrosome, with large amount of cytoplasm containing small mitochondria in it. PMID- 7247748 TI - Intestinal lymphangiectasia in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The case of a woman with SLE and protein-losing enteropathy secondary to intestinal lymphangiectasia is described. Corticosteroid therapy improved all clinical symptoms, laboratorial findings and intestinal histological alterations. PMID- 7247749 TI - [Variability of pHmetric parameters in the esophagogastric junction in dogs]. AB - The authors studied the variability of pHmetric parameters of the gastroesophageal junction in dog. The research was done in six dogs, that studied in five sections, according to four techniques (intermittent pull-through technique, continuous pull-through technique, continuous push-through technique and rapid pull-through technique), with four determinations in each of them. The pHmetric determinations of stomach, oesophagus and gradient of esophagogastric pH presented little variability (coefficient of variation less than 50%). The constituent parameters of the pHmetric profile and the pHmetric lenght of the gastroesophageal junction presented high variability (coefficient of variation bigger than 100%), except the C2 segment. Taking into consideration the little variability the authors propose the study of C2 segment in the analysis of the pHmetric profile of the gastroesophageal junction. PMID- 7247750 TI - Intestinal lymphangiectasia: clinical aspects and diagnostic contribution of endoscopic biopsies. Case report. AB - A case of a 5 1/2 year old girl with intestinal lymphangiectasia is described. The diagnosis was established by endoscopic biopsies. The value of endoscopy is discussed and, clinical aspects and management difficulties are stressed. PMID- 7247751 TI - [Clinical session of the Brazilian Institute of Studies and Research of Gastroenterology]. PMID- 7247752 TI - Sequential studies of pseudoneointimae within long-term THI E-type ALVAD's thickness, calcification and compositional analyses. PMID- 7247753 TI - Development of a paracorporeal left ventricular assist pump system: an experimental study. AB - Experiments were designed to compare the hemodynamic performance and metabolic effect of a paracorporeal left ventricular assist pump system (PLVAPS) with those of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) in a series of 35 dogs with and without myocardial infarction (MI). The animals were subjected to a three-hour period of pumping seven days after implantation of catheters and loose left anterior descending coronary (LAD) snares. MI was produced by closed-chest snaring of the LAD 13 hours before the onset of pumping. Measurements in addition to blood chemistry included aortic, pulmonary, atrial and ventricular pressures, ECG, cardiac index, left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) and endocardial viability ratio (EVR). The hemodynamic effects of PLVAPS assistance in normal control dogs and dogs with induced MI closely paralleled those observed with IABP. Both assist devices significantly increased systemic perfusion, decreased LVSWI, and increased EVR by reducing the oxygen demand. Infarct sizes were not significantly reduced with the two modes of pumping. The parameters measured indicate that in our experimental infarct model there is no significant differences between PLVAPS and IABP. PMID- 7247754 TI - Transapical left ventricular bypass for infants and newborns: an acute experiment using dogs. AB - This study was designed to extend the clinical indications of ventricular bypass to infants and newborns with severe left ventricular failure. The circuit is composed of 8-mm polyvinyl chloride tubing, microfilter, local heparinization circuit, and outflow-withdrawal cannulas of 10F to 20F. Filling capacity is 150 270 ml. In acute nonpulsatile left ventricular bypass experiments using six dogs weighing 3-7 kg, a bypass equivalent to 100% of the cardiac output prior to bypass could be attained in both normal and induced failure model of heart. Through left ventricular bypass the effects of left ventricular support such as marked reduction of LVP, LVmax dp/dt, and TTI were observed. PMID- 7247755 TI - Hemodynamic regulation in total artificial heart recipients. AB - The right and left atrial pressures (RAP and LAP), circulating blood volume (CBV) and pump output were analyzed in 17 calves implanted with a free-diaphragm-type total artificial heart. A high RAP and increased CBV were common features in these animals, while the LAP was maintained in a nearly normal range throughout the course. Some correlation was seen between RAP, CBV and pump output, which was maintained in the range of 86.6 to 130.1 ml/min/kg. In the atrial myocardium various morphological changes were observed accompanied by thickening of the cell, which was conspicuous after one month of implantation. To improve this high venous pressure problem, an automatic controller for pusher-plate-type pumps wtih a greater sensitivity was introduced. A preliminary in vivo study using this new system is also reported. PMID- 7247756 TI - Sodium-free water clearance in hemodialysis. AB - Water shift between intra- and extracellular body compartments is under osmotic pressure driving forces. Assuming that the cellular membrane is impermeable to Na, any change in extracellular Na concentration induces an osmotic pressure difference between the two compartments and results in water transfer in order to equilibrate osmotic pressures between body compartments. Ultrafiltration per se2 4 does not induce any change in plasma Na concentration. Thus, no water transfer occurs between the body compartments. Hemodialysis performed with a Na concentration in the dialysate different from that of the plasma induces a water flux between intra- and extracellular spaces. When using a closed batch dialysate delivery system, it becomes possible to measure the Na mass balance and then to get an accurate pattern of Na and water transfer between the body and the batch. First I would like to describe the Na-free water clearance concept. Then I will show how the increase of Na-free water clearance explains the tolerance of BW and blood pressure to high Na concentration in the dialysate. PMID- 7247757 TI - Clinical experience with prolonged combined hemoperfusion-hemodialysis treatment of severe poisoning. AB - Fifteen patients with severe drug intoxication have been treated by a procedure combining hemoperfusion (HP, cellulose-coated activated charcoal, Adsorba C300, Gambro, Sweden) and hemodialysis (HD). The combined HP-HD treatment resulted in a clearance for amobarbital of 121 +/- 10 ml per min (mean +/-SEM), butobarbital 142 +/- 4 ml per min, carbromal 121 +/- 6 ml per min, hexobarbital 181 +/- 13 ml per min, meprobamate 145 +/- 9 ml per min, methaqualone 137 +/- 5 ml per min, phenobarbital 138 +/- 4 ml per min, and secobarbital 125 +/- 4 ml per min. There was no decrease in drug extraction even after 30 hours of treatment. Duration of treatment (6 to 33 hours) was determined by the clinical state of the patient. Prolonged HP-HD seemed to ben an efficient and sage procedure. Of 15 patients treated, 14 regained consciousness and 12 survived. The platelet count decreased, necessitating cessation of treatment in two cases. There was extraction of oxygen by the charcoal column, without influence on patient Po2. Glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, phosphate, and triglycerides were removed by adsorption on charcoal and/or dialysis. PMID- 7247758 TI - The Starr-Edwards aortic ball valve: flow characteristics, thrombus formation, and tissue overgrowth. PMID- 7247759 TI - Detoxification of ammonia by immobilized urea cycle enzymes. AB - Detoxication of ammonia was performed by dialysis of ammonia through a hollow fiber unit and by conversion to urea in a column reactor packed with immobilized urea cycle enzymes. Enzymes in the urea cycle could be immobilized by covalently binding on CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. Ammonia was sequentially converted to urea by immobilized urea cycle enzymes with an ATP-regenerating system. Optimum conditions for the cyclic reaction were obtained theoretically and experimentally for performing continuous urea synthesis in a packed column reactor. Detoxication of ammonia of similar concentration to that in the blood in hepatic insufficiency was analyzed and performed experimentally in an extracorporeal model. PMID- 7247760 TI - Severe meprobamate intoxication treated by hemoperfusion over amberlite resin. AB - A 36-year-old female was treated successfully by hemoperfusion over Amberlite XAD 4 resin after ingestion of 40 gm of meprobamate. Hemoperfusion was started five hours after the ingestion. At that time the patient was in deep coma. The patient was treated by hemoperfusion for five hours, at the end of which time she was awake. Meprobamate clearance over the resin was about 290 mg/min. There were no bleeding complications. It is concluded that hemoperfusion over amberlite XAD-4 resin is a highly effective method in the treatment of severe cases of meprobamate intoxication. PMID- 7247761 TI - Permanent pacemaker implantation in patients over 80 years of age. AB - During the past five years, 150 pacemaker implantations have been done at Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital for the treatment of atrioventricular block, sick sinus syndrome, or slow heartbeat with atrial fibrillation. The patients were divided into two groups by age: the older group of 18 patients over 80 years of age and the younger group of 132 patients under 79 years of age. A comparative study of these two groups was undertaken with respect to pre- and postoperative courses, underlying diseases, cardiac output at variable pacing rate, capture threshold, and prognosis. The older group has as satisfactory a course as the younger group. Seventeen patients out of 18 (94%) in the older group are leading normal productive lives at this writing, and 119 out of 132 (89%) in the younger group are also doing well. In the light of this five-year comparative study, it can be concluded that it is safe and rewarding to implant prosthetic cardiac pacemakers in symptomatic patients over 80 years of age. PMID- 7247762 TI - Loss of strength and functional decline in Duchenne's dystrophy. AB - Clinical tests of strength and function were performed on 27 ambulatory patients with Duchenne's dystrophy every three months for 2 1/2 years. Linear decline of strength remains a fundamental characteristic of Duchenne's dystrophy. Although generally considered a homogeneous disease, our patients showed a broad spectrum of disability. Current tests of functional ability are poor measures of disease progression during most of the ambulatory period, since efficiency is maintained despite continuous decline in muscle strength. However, after this "latent" phase, failure of certain functions paralleled muscle deterioration closely, since task loss occurred within a narrow range of composite muscle strength. Finally, data on changes in body weight showed that most patients were excessively thin rather than obese. It is concluded that manual muscle strength testing remains the most valid method of monitoring disease progression and must be included in patient assessment. PMID- 7247763 TI - Neurotransmitter abnormalities in patients with motor neuron disease. AB - In 22 patients with motor neuron disease (MND), the mean concentration of serotonin (5HT) in platelets was slightly increased, platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was significantly increased, and plasma concentrations of total and both free and bound tryptophan were significantly decreased. Though platelet MAO activity was positively correlated with concentrations of 5HT, independent causal mechanisms are probable. When patients were rated according to severity, highest values of platelet 5HT and MAO activity were found in the most severely affected group, whereas concentrations of both total and protein-bound tryptophan were most decreased. Changes in concentrations of 5HT and tryptophan may reflect compensatory changes in response to degeneration of motor neurons or to interruption of their monoaminergic innervation. PMID- 7247764 TI - Ophthalmoplegia-plus. Its occurrence with periventricular diffuse low density on computed tomography scan. AB - Familial cases of progressive external ophthalmoplegia, deafness, generalized weakness, and hypogonadism were studied. A muscle biopsy specimen showed increased amounts of glycogen particles, lipid droplets, and mitochondria that frequently contained paracrystalline inclusion bodies between intramitochondrial and extramitochondrial membranes. Involvement of the CNS was suspected from a computed tomography scan that revealed diffuse, low-density deep cerebral white matter. Therapy with corticosteroids (prednisolone) was effective for recovery of muscular strength in the extremities. Possible involvement of the CNS in ophthalmoplegia-plus might be related to an abnormal metabolism of mitochondria. PMID- 7247765 TI - Micromethod for detection of oligoclonal IgG in unconcentrated CSF by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - A micromethod to detect oligoclonal IgG from 50 microL of unconcentrated CSF was developed by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). Of 17 patients with multiple sclerosis, oligoclonal bands were demonstrated in 16 instances (94%) by micro-SDS-PAGE and in 13 (76%) by agarose gel electrophoresis. The corresponding figures among 30 patients with optic neuritis were 16 (54%) and five (17%), respectively, and among ten patients with other neurological disease the figures were two (20%) and none, respectively. Thus, micro-SDS-PAGE is more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis for detection of oligoclonal IgG. The small volume of unconcentrated CSF that is required enhances the usefulness of this test. PMID- 7247766 TI - Polymyositis beginning as a focal process. AB - Six patients with polymyositis initially complained of a single, localized, painful mass involving an extremity. The mass enlarged during the course of a two to six-week period. Biopsy of the lesion revealed myopathic changes with inflammation, and the diagnosis of benign inflammatory pseudotumor was considered. The mass regressed, but during the next three to six months, a rapidly progressive generalized myopathy developed that caused weakness of the trunk and extremities in association with malaise and weight loss. Subsequent muscle biopsy specimens obtained from a site remote from the original mass were again characterized by lymphocytic infiltration, fiber necrosis, and regenerative activity. Our experience indicates that polymyositis may begin as a focal process that mimics a localized inflammatory pseudoneoplastic reaction. An essential clue to the diagnosis of polymyositis at this early stage is the elevation of ESR and serum creatine phosphokinase levels that does not occur in pseudotumor. The muscle biopsy further serves to distinguish polymyositis from pseudotumor. PMID- 7247767 TI - Physician attitudes. Management of asymptomatic carotid artery murmur and transient ischemic attacks. AB - We polled 582 physicians to determine what their approach would be to management of an asymptomatic murmur at the carotid bifurcation and to carotid-distribution transient ischemic attack. We discovered a great disparity in attitudes attributable to location and type of practice. However, there was no difference attributable to age, and few differences were found with respect to measures of the physician's awareness of his own health. Physicians' attitudes and practices do not necessarily parallel scientific literature or recommendations of experts in the field. PMID- 7247768 TI - Focal encephalopathy following methotrexate therapy. Administration via a misplaced intraventricular catheter. AB - Two patients with lymphoreticular malignant neoplasms and leptomeningeal tumor spread were treated with intraventricular administration of methotrexate via an Ommaya reservoir. The intraventricular instillation of methotrexate resulted in focal CNS damage in brain parenchyma inadvertently pierced by the shunt. Disorientation, aphasia, and right hemiparesis developed in both patients. Computed tomography disclosed a contrast-enhancing, low-density mass in the left cerebral cortex where the distal shunt tip was lodged. In one case the lesion was pathologically consistent with chronic inflammation. A lesion occurred in one patient despite repositioning of the shunt prior to methotrexate instillation. Shunt removal and administration of systemic corticosteroids resulted in resolution of symptoms in one patient. PMID- 7247769 TI - Crossed aphasia in a right-handed patient. Postmortem findings. AB - A right-handed man with a global aphasia and a left hemiparesis was examined after a cerebrovascular accident. Three weeks later, oral language was only mildly impaired but writing disorders were still severe. At autopsy, there was an infarction of the territory supplied by the right middle cerebral artery. There was no lesion in the left hemisphere. PMID- 7247771 TI - Aberrant regeneration of the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve. AB - Aberrant regeneration of the oculomotor nerve most frequently results from an intracranial lesion proximal to the bifurcation of the nerve. We describe a patient in whom abnormal synkinetic movements indicate aberrant regeneration within the inferior division only. PMID- 7247770 TI - Meningioma size. Its relationship to other diseases. AB - In an autopsy study of 7.345 cases from a 20-year period, 76 cases of meningiomas were noted. Meningiomas in the diameter range of 0.5 to 2.7 cm ("small" meningiomas) were significantly associated with extraneural malignancies and chronic renal failure as opposed to those in the diameter range of 2.8 to 10.5 cm ("large" meningiomas). These data suggest that small meningiomas may be nosologically distinct from large meningiomas. When discovered at autopsy, small meningiomas may not be "incidental" in the sense of being do novo phenomena of chance occurrence. PMID- 7247773 TI - Familial recurrent peripheral facial palsy. Observations of the pediatric population. AB - Idiopathic peripheral facial palsies in the pediatric population have been noted to carry a favorable prognosis. We describe three members of a family, including two children with recurrent facial palsy, and review the relevant literature. As recurrent peripheral facial palsies carry a relatively poor prognosis, the physician should be alerted to this possibility in any child who has an idiopathic peripheral facial palsy and a positive family history. PMID- 7247772 TI - Legionnaires' disease associated with acute encephalomyelitis. AB - A 26-year-old man had Legionnaires' disease associated with encephalomyelitis and abnormal CSF. Neurologic symptoms antedated the appearance of the pulmonary infiltrate and have persisted despite appropriate antibiotic therapy. A review of the literature revealed only one other similar case. Legionnaires' disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of encephalomyelitis even in the absence of a pneumonic infiltrate. PMID- 7247775 TI - Migrainous visual symptoms in a woman without eyes. PMID- 7247774 TI - Internuclear ophthalmoplegia caused by phenothiazine intoxication. PMID- 7247776 TI - Moya-moya disease associated with renal artery stenosis. PMID- 7247777 TI - High-density lipoprotein cholesterol in cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 7247778 TI - Correction of increased plasma pyruvate and plasma lactate levels using large doses of thiamine in patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. PMID- 7247779 TI - Carotid endarterectomy and the mind. PMID- 7247781 TI - Asterixis of myoclonus after metrizamide myelography. PMID- 7247780 TI - Cheiralgia paresthetica after necrotic arachnidism. PMID- 7247782 TI - Chronic bilateral subdural hematomas first observed with gait dysfunction and impotence. PMID- 7247783 TI - Plasmapheresis in refractory generalized myasthenia gravis. AB - A group of 16 patients with severe generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) (five with thymoma) that was resistant to anticholinesterases, thymectomy, and corticosteroids were treated by plasmapheresis. Twelve patients showed an excellent clinical response. Plasmapheresis is an effective treatment modality for many patients with severe generalized MG resistant to other forms of therapy. Unfortunately, the beneficial results are only transient and periodic plasmapheresis treatments are necessary. PMID- 7247784 TI - Late response and sural conduction studies. Usefulness in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Late response (H reflex and F response) and sural conduction studies were used in addition to conventional motor and sensory conduction to detect peripheral neuropathy in 30 randomly selected patients with chronic renal failure (18 receiving hemodialysis), five of whom had no clinical evidence of peripheral neuropathy; 30 age-matched control subjects were also studied. Conventional motor (median, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial) and sensory (median and ulnar) nerve conduction studies showed abnormalities of motor conduction in 25 (83%) and of sensory conduction in 26 (87%) patients. Abnormalities of sural nerve conduction and of late responses were present in all 30 patients. Five patients (17%) who had normal routine motor conduction showed abnormalities of late responses in the same nerve distribution. All electrophysiologic abnormalities were significantly more evident in lower limbs. Studies of late responses and sural conduction, in addition to improving the diagnostic yield, provide a method whereby effects of dialysis and medical management can be followed quantitatively in patients whose neuropathy would otherwise be undetectable. PMID- 7247785 TI - Language function, foot of the third frontal gyrus, and rolandic operculum. AB - Two cases with expressive speech disorders were studied neuropsychologically and neurologically; anatomical and histopathological examinations were performed in both cases. In case 1, a small infarction in the foot of the left third frontal gyrus (F3) produced only transient word-finding difficulties that did not recur after a second stroke with lesion of the symmetrical zone in the right hemisphere. A transient, predominantly articulatory difficulty was observed in case 2; this was thought to be associated with a small infarction in the lower motor strip, including the Rolandic operculum. On the basis of the literature and our two cases, it may be concluded that overlapping lesions of these two areas play an important role in the development of persistent Broca's aphasia and that each of these two areas may be responsible for different components of the speech production: work-finding difficulties being associated with lesions of posterior F3 and articulatory disorders with lesions of the Rolandic operculum. PMID- 7247786 TI - Clinical implications of enzyme-mediated alterations of gamma-aminobutyric acid content in human CSF. AB - Pooled samples of lumbar CSF from nine patients with neurologic disorders were aliquoted and subjected to the differential influence of temperature for four hours. The determination of the gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) levels in CSF by ion-exchange-fluorometric analysis before and after incubation showed a progressive increase in GABA content of CSF as a function of temperature, reaching a maximum at 50 degrees C. However, no increases in GABA level were noted in CSF incubated at 80 degrees C or 100 degrees C. These in vitro increases in the GABA content of untreated CSF appear to be entirely secondary to enzyme action, subject to individual and temperature variability, and necessitate standardization of clinical CSF protocols. PMID- 7247787 TI - Thalamic neglect. Possible role of the medial thalamus and nucleus reticularis in behavior. AB - A patient had an ischemic infarction of the right medial thalamus, with a resultant contralateral neglect syndrome. We propose that the medial thalamic nuclei, particularly centromedian and parafascicularis (CMPF), are normally involved in the arousal-activation process by which an organism can be aroused by and respond to novel or important stimuli. Specifically, we propose that (1) the mesencephalic reticular formation subserves tonic arousal to novel or painful stimuli by inhibiting the nucleus reticularis thalami (NR) and (2) that selective attention is mediated by cortical input to NR. The CMPF is closely associated with motor systems (basal ganglia, ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus [VL], and frontal lobes). A pathway involving CMPF, the frontal cortex, and the portion of NR associated with VL may be important in preparing the tonically aroused organism for action. Unilateral lesions of CMPF therefore induce an asymmetric hypokinesia, and bilateral lesions may induce akinetic mutism. PMID- 7247788 TI - Pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency in subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy. AB - A partial deficiency of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) was demonstrated in a child with hyperlactatemia and progressive ataxia, bulbar paresis, ophthalmoplegia, and polyneuropathy. Subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (SNE) was found at necropsy. The association of SNE and PDC deficiency has been reported rarely, but a review of the diverse metabolic defects associated with SNE suggests that decreased PDC activity may be the common feature of SNE. PMID- 7247789 TI - Oligodendroglioma of the medulla oblongata in a neonate. AB - A 4-month-old boy had recurrent attacks of apnea before progressive quadriparesis, ocular motility disturbance, and depressed corneal reflexes led to the discovery of a posterior fossa mass. Death occurred postoperatively during prolonged apnea. Necropsy disclosed an oligodendroglioma of the medulla oblongata. A review of this rare neoplasm in the neonatal period is given. PMID- 7247790 TI - Localized EEG abnormalities in acute carbon monoxide poisoning. AB - The EEG of a patient with acute carbon monoxide poisoning was characterized by lateralized sharp waves and a focal electrographic seizure discharge within hours of the exposure. These findings were associated with coma and focal motor seizures. The patient made a full clinical recovery, and the EEG was normal two months after the exposure. The association of a primarily diffuse cerebral insult after CO poisoning, with prominent lateralized epileptiform discharges in the EEG, is a distinctly unusual phenomenon. PMID- 7247792 TI - Methyl bromide poisoning seen initially as psychosis. PMID- 7247791 TI - Primary malignant melanomatosis of the meninges. Clinical course and computed tomographic findings in a young child. PMID- 7247793 TI - Enhanced ptosis in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7247795 TI - Atrial myxoma as a cause of progressive dementia. PMID- 7247796 TI - Carbidopa-levodopa ratio in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 7247797 TI - Exaggerated hyperprolactinemia in response to thiothixene. PMID- 7247794 TI - Bilateral vocal cord paralysis in a patient with familial hypertrophic neuropathy. PMID- 7247798 TI - Tomography in herpes simplex. PMID- 7247799 TI - Unilateral asterixis due to subdural hematoma. PMID- 7247800 TI - Chondroma of the larynx. Surgical technique. AB - More than 200 cases of chondroma of the larynx, a rare benign tumor, have been reported in the literature. The majority of these tumors arise from the cricoid cartilage on the anterior surface of the posterior lamina. Treatment consists of total excision. If the removal requires resection of a portion of the cricoid ring, leaving the larynx unstable and prone to collapse, then total laryngectomy is usually performed. A new method of reconstruction was used in two additional cases of chondroma of the larynx after removal of half of the cricoid ring, without the need for total laryngectomy, Large chondromas originated from the anterior surface of the posterior cricoid lamina in both of these cases. Treatment consisted of total removal of the tumor, after which only the anterior and lateral cricoid lamina remained. Follow-up at 2 1/2 and 1 1/2 years, respectively, has not shown any evidence of tumor recurrence, airway compromise, or laryngeal collapse. This new reconstructive procedure may obviate the need for total laryngectomy when the integrity of the cricoid ring must be violated for benign tumor. PMID- 7247801 TI - Short vs long scalp flaps in the treatment of male pattern baldness. AB - Hair transplantation has been used to restore the bald pate for 25 years. The dissatisfaction of some physicians and patients with the difficulty in obtaining natural density and the length of time necessary to achieve cosmetically acceptable coverage has been a stimulus to the development of scalp flap surgery. The flaps have the advantage of transferring large amounts of hair that give immediate and continuous coverage, normal density, and an improved hairline. Surgeons have applied this technique to areas affected by disease and trauma, as well as male pattern baldness. There are differences between the short temporoparietal flaps and the larger Juri flaps with regard to patient selection, planning, design, technique, complications, and most importantly, results. PMID- 7247802 TI - Free lateral thoracic flap in head and neck reconstruction. AB - Clinical reports of free skin flaps that are transferred by microvascular anastomosis have increased in frequency since the introduction of microvascular surgery. The groin flap with its large area of available skin, reliable donor vessels, and favorable donor scar is probably one of the most frequently used free flaps. However, it has a distinct disadvantage with its short vascular pedicle. The free lateral thoracic flap has a longer vascular pedicle and larger caliber vessels compared with the groin flap. A vascular pedicle that contains vessels, approaching 2 mm in external diameter and up to 10 cm in length, allows greater versatility in head and neck reconstruction. Once the surgeon has become familiar with the vascular anatomy of the lateral thoracic area, free flap harvest requires less time and is simpler relative to the harvest of the free groin flap. PMID- 7247803 TI - Reconstruction of mandibular defects with the revascularized free tensor fascia lata osteomyocutaneous flap. AB - In recent years, experience with microvascular surgery has enabled the use of free vascularized bone grafts to bridge mandibular defects. Such grafts have several advantages over conventional nonvascularized bone grafts. Advantages include improved survival and more rapid healing in poorly vascularized recipient sites, less risk of absorption, and greater resistance of the graft to infection and subsequent extrusion. Several free osteocutaneous rib grafts have been reported for mandibular replacement; however, only a few reports have advocated the use of free compound flaps that use iliac crest bone. Two cases of immediate mandibular reconstruction used the revascularized free tensor fascia lata osteomyocutaneous flap. This flap uses revascularized iliac crest bone. Viability of one bone graft was confirmed by scintigraphy ten days after transfer of the compound flap. PMID- 7247804 TI - Treatment of airway obstruction in Pierre Robin syndrome. A modified lip-tongue adhesion. AB - Pierre Robin syndrome is a triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate that results in upper airway obstruction and feeding problems. This syndrome occurred in six cases; five of these cases required surgical correction to alleviate the airway problems. A modification of the Douglas lip-tongue adhesion was used to prevent the problem of early separation of the adhesion. The patients have had resolution of the airway and feeding problems, with early discharge from the hospital. There has been minimal morbidity and no mortality associated with the procedure. PMID- 7247805 TI - Two years of otolaryngology in Ghana, West Africa. PMID- 7247806 TI - A more precise technique of tip rhinoplasty with a cartilage-splitting incision. PMID- 7247807 TI - Elimination of glabellar frown lines. AB - A variety of procedures have been proposed for the elimination of glabellar frown lines, which indicates that a totally satisfactory method is not yet available. This abnormality may be noted in some younger patients who may have no other signs of aging. Meloplasty, blepharoplasty, and brow-lift operations uniformly fail to improve the deformity and, in fact, may render it more noticeable. With the use of a combination of four different procedures, glabelloplasties were performed in 38 patients. These four procedures included dermabrasion of the rhytids, avulsion of the corrugator supercilii muscles, subdermal augmentation with autogenous dermis or fat, and eversion closure with running horizontal mattress sutures. These 38 patients in whom glabelloplasties were performed were studied for an average follow-up period of 13 months. Substantial improvement was noted in 34 patients. Of this group, the conditions in 22 patients were considered good, and the conditions in 12 patients were regarded as fair. In the remaining four patients, the improvement was either slight or temporary, and the operation was regarded as a failure. PMID- 7247808 TI - Introduction of the Janus flap. A modified pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for cervical esophageal and pharyngeal reconstruction. AB - The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMF), with its design and modified applications, is a versatile and reliable method for the reconstruction of large defects that result from surgical ablation or trauma. Defects of the cervical esophagus (two cases) and pharynx (one case) were repaired. In three cases, a technique variation of "banked skin" (the Janus flap) was used to repair through and-through defects that required two epithelial surfaces. In two cases, the PMMF was harvested after a previous ipsilateral deltopectoral flap. The flap survived preoperative or postoperative radiation in all of the cases. Pharyngoesophageal function was restored in an average of 19 days, with the exception of one case of persistent carcinoma (63 days). There were no major complications or flap failures. PMID- 7247809 TI - The rotating burr in rhinoplasty. PMID- 7247810 TI - Anatomic basis for sculpturing the neck in myeloplasty. PMID- 7247811 TI - Pectoral myocutaneous island flap for reconstruction of stomal recurrence. AB - In 1962, one of us (G.A.S.) reported six mediastinal dissections for stomal recurrence after laryngectomy. Reconstruction of the superior mediastinum depended on the use of several regional flaps. Adequate soft-tissue and muscle coverage is mandatory to avoid major complications in this (usually) previously radiated and/or surgical field. Seven cases in which the greater pectoral myocutaneous island flap was successfully used for a one-stage reconstruction after ablative surgery for stomal recurrence have been reported in the literature. Our series of six patients supports the use of this flap in reconstruction after mediastinal dissection. Partial skin sloughing occurred in two patients. In one patient, a major complication of necrosis of the flap and an innominate artery rupture occurred. A review of this last case reinforces the necessity of adequate artery coverage in reconstruction. PMID- 7247812 TI - The two-layer rhytidectomy. AB - In order to consider segmental correction of the aging face, pertinent disfigurements and underlying anatomy must be analyzed. Bony structures such as chin and malar eminence might be augmented. Submental exploration should be considered when fatty herniation or anterior platysmal banding is diagnosed. The superficial muculoaponeurotic system (SMAS)-platysmal muscle system should be undermined and plicated posteriorly when excessive laxity is noted intraoperatively. Thus, SMAS rotation flap is best for the cheek region, and imbrication may have a place in the neck. We are all witness to the classic techniques that have stood the test of time. However, more radical surgery may be indicated in certain patients. At present we feel there are few indications for complete horizontal platysmal incision and muscle flap rotation. No long-range study has been reported showing the complication rate or the endurance of this platysmal section technique. We feel that the more conservative platysmal surgery, combined with submental surgery and secondary "tuck-up" procedures as required, is the procedure of choice. PMID- 7247813 TI - Pathologic quiz case 2. Cylindrical cell papilloma with invasive, nonkeratinising squamous carcinoma. PMID- 7247814 TI - Pathologic quiz case 1. Verrucous carcinoma. PMID- 7247816 TI - Vocal cord lesions and hoarseness. PMID- 7247815 TI - Fracture of an ossified stylohyoid bone. PMID- 7247817 TI - A new clinical technique for verification of hearing aid response. AB - A new miniature wide-range electret microphone with a flat frequency response is available to the audiology clinic to measure sound pressure in the patient's ear canal. This article describes the clinical application of this new microphone for the selection and monitoring of hearing aid response. Preliminary results of the relationship between ear canal measurements and functional gain are also provided. This new clinical technique can provide the audiologist with quick objective data on the response of a hearing aid while it is being worn by the patient. PMID- 7247818 TI - Meniere's disease and the summating potential. III. Effect of glycerol administration. AB - We investigated the effect of administering hypertonic glycerol on cochlear and auditory nerve responses to rectangular-pulse clicks and on pure-tone behavioral thresholds. Eleven ears with Meniere's disease, and 20 ears without the disease were studied. Among the ears with Meniere's disease summating potential (SP) amplitudes decreased and 250 to 1,000-Hz thresholds improved after glycerol administration. Action potential amplitudes from the ears with Meniere's disease also decreased after glycerol ingestion, but to a lesser degree. In contrast, among the ears without Menieere's disease, 250- to 1,000-Hz behavioral thresholds did not change significantly after glycerol nor did any of the electrophysiologic responses. Analogous group differences were found when the ears were regrouped according to the presence of absence of pathologic SP enlargement. These results demonstrate a tendency for three variables-(1) clinical diagnosis of Meniere's disease, (2) enlarged SP, and (3) positive glycerol test result-to cluster together in the same population of ears. PMID- 7247819 TI - Free jejunal grafts for reconstruction of pharynx and cervical esophagus. AB - Reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus is a surgical challenge associated with high complications, multiple-staged procedures, and prolonged hospitalizations. In a series of cases, single-stage transfer-free jejunal graft reconstructions had a 85% success rate with low complications in a series of patients who received preoperative, postoperative, and curative radiation treatment. There are advantages to this reconstruction procedure; however, there can also be complications. PMID- 7247820 TI - Visual loss after intranasal corticosteroid injection. Incidence, causes, and prevention. AB - In an attempt to establish accurately the incidence of visual abnormalities that result from an intranasal corticosteroid injection, data were obtained from published and unpublished case reports, pharmaceutical companies, and adverse reaction reports furnished by the Food and Drug Administration. Only ten instances of visual loss associated with an intranasal steroid injection could be confirmed. Of these ten instances, five were transient and five were permanent. White steroid emboli were demonstrated in the retinal vessels in six cases. Possible factors that contribute to retinal embolization of intranasally injected steroids include a deep or forceful injection, failure to precede and injection with a topical vasoconstrictor, and clumping or precipitation of injected particles contributing to embolization. PMID- 7247821 TI - Postoperative venous air embolism after removal of neck drains. AB - Venous air embolism has been known to be a major hazard during diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical procedures. An acute massive venous air embolism can cause obstruction of the pulmonary outflow tract and subsequently result in cardiac standstill. Sudden cardiopulmonary instability occurred in a patient after removal of neck drains. Various methods of diagnosis and treatment can be used to manage this complication. An awareness of this potential complication and early diagnosis with prompt management are critical. PMID- 7247822 TI - Bilateral chylothorax. Rare complication of neck dissection. AB - Bilateral chylothorax is an extremely serious complication that affects the cardiorespiratory system and places the patient in serious danger of respiratory collapse. In cases of postoperative chyle fistula or chylomas, one should consider the possibility of chylothorax. Chest film and, subsequently, diagnostic thoracentesis can provide the diagnosis. Conservative treatment, such as repeated thoracentesis, low-triglyceride diet, and possibly closed thoracostomy tube drainage, should be used. The surgical approach for the ligation of the thoracic duct should be reserved for cases that do not respond to the previously mentioned conservative measures. PMID- 7247823 TI - Operative treatment and postoperative management of saccular cyst and laryngocele. AB - We describe two infants with respiratory difficulty. The respiratory difficulty in one infant was secondary to a lateral saccular cyst, and the other infant had a laryngocele. Surgical treatment was marsupialization of the lesion. Postoperatively, a polyethylene endotracheal tube was left in place for three days to serve as a postoperative airway and also as a stent. With this procedure, we were able to avoid tracheostomy and recurrence of disease. PMID- 7247824 TI - Laryngeal tuberculosis presenting as carcinoma. AB - A typical patient had laryngeal tuberculosis (TB) mimicking carcinoma. The accompanying patient complaints from a representative literature survey are discussed. The difficulty of clinically differentiating laryngeal carcinoma from TB or another granulomatous process is stressed, as in the utility of obtaining a simple chest roentgenogram, a TB skin test, and, when indicated, a sputum examination. The pathogenesis of laryngeal TB and the treatment of health care personnel exposed to such a patient also is mentioned. The spectrum of TB, as well as the spectrum of physicians treating TB, is changing. The presence of a laryngeal process in a patient with active pulmonary TB is an important association that must not be overlooked. PMID- 7247825 TI - Laryngeal web, congenital heart disease and low stature. A syndrome? AB - Congenital laryngeal web, congenital heart disease, and low stature occurred in a 23-year-old woman. The patient was a member of a family in which several members were similarly affected. This triad of congenital anomalies is a syndrome that has not been previously reported. The pattern of inheritance of this syndrome is compatible with an autosomal dominant gene. PMID- 7247826 TI - Laryngeal fibromatosis in the neonate. AB - Infants with a fibromatosis that originates in the laryngeal mucosa have uniform clinical appearances and morphologic features that identify a clinicopathologic syndrome. Based on data obtained from the two cases in the present study and from previously reported cases, the lesion may appear at birth or appear later in childhood, with symptoms referable to the degree of laryngeal obstruction. Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts make up the cytologic composition of these lesions. These lesions can be identified among the fibromatoses that occur in infants and children. Fibromatosis of the larynx in infants and children may have the same behavior as other fibromatoses, eg, local invasion and potential recurrence; this behavior should be considered in the clinical management. PMID- 7247827 TI - Pathologic quiz case 1. PMID- 7247828 TI - Pathologic quiz case 2. PMID- 7247830 TI - [Evolution of placental morphology using ultrasonics]. PMID- 7247829 TI - [Comparative value of biophysical and biochemical parameters in threatened abortion]. PMID- 7247831 TI - [Patient with a half-uterus hospitalized for acute abdomen in an emergency surgical ward]. PMID- 7247832 TI - [Behavior of maternal serum immunoglobulins in abortion]. PMID- 7247833 TI - [Behavior of plasma testosterone in vesicular mole]. PMID- 7247835 TI - [The value of ultrasonic findings in the diagnosis of vesicular mole]. PMID- 7247834 TI - [Puerperal inhibition of lactation by methergoline]. PMID- 7247836 TI - [17-beta-estradiol and progesterone receptors in the human Fallopian tubes (preliminary note)]. PMID- 7247837 TI - Artificial insemination by donor. The main treatment for male infertility. PMID- 7247842 TI - Diagnosis and management of common arrhythmias. PMID- 7247841 TI - Preventing acute confusional states in elderly patient. PMID- 7247840 TI - Leasing. The forgotten dimension. PMID- 7247838 TI - The partograph in obstetrics. PMID- 7247839 TI - Drug therapy in the dissolution of gallstones. Kebilis: a perspective. PMID- 7247843 TI - Cardiac failure--new directions for an old problem. An approach to management. PMID- 7247844 TI - The medical treatment of chronic gastric and duodenal ulceration. PMID- 7247846 TI - Reversal of vasectomy. A simple procedure. PMID- 7247845 TI - Practical procedures. Examination of the nose, pharynx, larynx and neck. PMID- 7247848 TI - Drugs in sport: the extent of the problem, toxic effects, and control. PMID- 7247847 TI - Factors influencing birth control habits in Victoria. PMID- 7247851 TI - Tetanus. AB - Tetanus results from the action of a powerful exotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. It can be prevented only by active and passive immunization procedures. The vaccine is one of the safest and most effective vaccines ever developed, and is capable of inducing long term protection in individual vaccinees. Adequate immunization before, or during pregnancy can eliminate the risk of neonatal tetanus in infants born in developing countries. In non-immune patients, tetanus prophylaxis requires the use of tetanus immunoglobulin, or tetanus antiserum in addition to adequate wound care. PMID- 7247849 TI - A guide to the prevention of running injuries. AB - In North America, estimates of recreational runners have grown from two million in 1970 to 30 million in 1979. In Canada, increased interest in running has been sparked by participation. Habituation to running is attributed to a sense of wellbeing and increased energy levels, as well as the possibility of reducing the threat of cardiovascular disease. Musculoskeletal injury is common to runners and can be prevented by carefully planned training programmes, proper selection of training surface, regular stretching and strength drills, the use of protective footwear and balancing of vulnerable biomechanical alignments with functional orthotics in shoes. PMID- 7247852 TI - Allergy to bee sting. PMID- 7247850 TI - The extent of injuries in VFL footballers. PMID- 7247854 TI - Preventing death from asthma. PMID- 7247853 TI - Hypnotic projection in sport. PMID- 7247855 TI - Disability due to epilepsy. PMID- 7247857 TI - Pain-our Achilles' heel! PMID- 7247856 TI - Orthopaedic management of results of neurological disease. PMID- 7247858 TI - Report on Australian multicentre trial: once daily dose of Visken. PMID- 7247860 TI - Raised blood pressure or 'hypertension': a patient's guide to the treatment. PMID- 7247859 TI - Acute chest pain: a diagnostic approach. AB - The appropriate management of medical emergencies is one of the most exciting challenges to the general practitioner. Acute chest pain represents a special challenge because many causes are life threatening. Unfortunately there has been a modern tendency to surrender the responsibility of the urgent call to other health professionals. However, responsible medical care demands that the practitioner updates his or her knowledge and training in this important area. Knowing the causes of chest pain and applying a logical analysis to the pain patterns should lead to a successful diagnostic process. If in doubt - think cardiac - and refer the patient speedily to your nearest coronary care centre. PMID- 7247861 TI - Sandoz Australia Pty Ltd. PMID- 7247862 TI - Chronic pain: modern concepts in management. AB - Chronic intractable pain is one of the major contributors to overwhelming social and industrial disruption in contemporary society. Taditional medical techniques have proven inadequate in dealing with the vast array of psychosocial problems associated with the chronic pain syndrome, as instanced by the proliferation of the alternative therapies now available. The multidisciplinary pain clinic has emerged as one solution. PMID- 7247863 TI - Management of postoperative pain. PMID- 7247864 TI - The surgical approach to ingrowing toenail. PMID- 7247865 TI - Drug dependence in an urban general practice. PMID- 7247866 TI - Hepatitis in drug dependents. AB - A survey of viral liver disease in 130 drug dependents attending the WAADA in August to November 1977 revealed 58 per cent with serological stigmata of hepatitis B infection. Of those who were HBsAg negative (excluding 31 patients in whom history and physical examination were insufficient for clinical diagnosis of hepatitis) 50 to 65 per cent had some degree of liver dysfunction. Some of this in the HBsAg negative, Anti HBs negative group could have been due to non-A non-B hepatitis. Twenty patients had liver biopsies and 16 (80 per cent) of these had chronic hepatitis, of whom nine (45 per cent) had the more ominous chronic aggressive hepatitis. The high levels of preference for intravenous use of drugs (83 per cent injected themselves on more than half the occasions) and close association with other addicts raised concern about these patients acting as a reservoir of B and non-A non-B hepatitis infection to the population at large. It was noted that the carriage rate of hepatitis B in the WAADA addicts was 80 per times that of the general population. PMID- 7247867 TI - Prickly heat: the commonsense cure. PMID- 7247868 TI - A community practice teaching unit: establishment and twelve months' experience. PMID- 7247869 TI - Brucellosis and serological titres. PMID- 7247870 TI - Early follicular development and atretic changes in the ovary of the lamb-- fine structure and histochemistry. AB - The fine structure of follicles was studied in ovaries from lambs up to 32 days old. Some animals received pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin prior to sampling. Follicles examined were in the primordial to early antral stages. The oocyte is described and changes associated with its development and the formation of the zona pellucida are recorded. Characteristics in which the lamb oocyte differed from those of other mammals include a greater prominence of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, the presence of microtubules, fine filaments in the peripheral parts and a large number of almost empty vacuoles. The latter were more numerous in oocytes which appeared to be degenerating, including some of those in primordial follicles. Granulosa cells had characteristics usually associated with protein secretion while some theca cells had large amounts of endoplasmic reticulum bearing few ribosomes. In early atresia changes were evident successively in the oocytes, granulosa and theca. There was a weak positive reaction for 3 beta hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase in the theca of some vesicular follicles from both control lambs and lambs treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin. Follicles showing sings of atresia were negative for this enzyme. PMID- 7247871 TI - Sulfur--selenium studies in sheep. II. Effect of a dietary sulfur deficiency on selenium and sulfur metabolism in sheep fed varying levels of selenomethionine. AB - The effect of a sulfur deficiency on the metabolism of selenium and sulfur was investigated in eight merino wethers. The sheep were fed high-sulfur (2 g S/kg) or low-sulfur (0.5 g S/kg) diets for two periods of 35 days each, and received selenium as selenomethionine at dietary concentrations of 0.02, 0.06, 0.09 and 0.67 mg Se/kg. Sheep fed the low-sulfur diet had reduced feed intake, reduced nitrogen, sulfur and selenium balance, but elevated plasma and wool selenium concentrations. Selenium concentrations in organs and tissues of slaughtered animals paralleled the selenium intake of the animal, with the renal cortex containing the highest concentration and bone the lowest. The effect of the 0.5 g S/kg diet on feed intake is in contrast with the results from the previous experiment (White and Somers 1977) using 0.7 g S/kg. It is this difference in fed intake which was responsible for many of the effects on selenium metabolism observed in this experiment. Once the feed intake effects are accounted for, the implications for sulfur--selenium interactions remain as before, i.e. more selenium is incorporated into wool and plasma protein when dietary sulfur is limiting than when it is not. PMID- 7247872 TI - A critical appraisal of myelography at the Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, 1977-1979. PMID- 7247873 TI - Report of an expert committee for the Australian College of Paediatrics. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)-use of home monitoring. PMID- 7247874 TI - Alcohol consumption of Tasmanian High School pupils. PMID- 7247875 TI - Screening for learning problems in the first year at school. PMID- 7247876 TI - Massive pulmonary haemorrhage: a cause of sudden unexpected deaths in severely growth retarded infants. PMID- 7247877 TI - Patterns of management responsibility in the care of children with cystic fibrosis and leukaemia. PMID- 7247878 TI - Fatty acid composition of infant formulae. PMID- 7247879 TI - A simple method of duodenal juice collection in association with small bowel biopsy in children. PMID- 7247880 TI - The tube spacer in children with asthma. PMID- 7247881 TI - Infant botulism in Australia--a case report. PMID- 7247882 TI - Recurrent brainstem dysfunction preceding systemic manifestations of childhood lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7247883 TI - A rapid, specific test for detecting absorption of colostral IgG by the neonatal foal. PMID- 7247884 TI - Isolation and characterisation of Bacteroides nodosus from foot lesions of cattle in Western Australia. AB - Thirty one isolates of Bacteroides nodosus were obtained from foot lesions observed on cattle at 3 abattoirs. All isolates were similar to the B. nodosus of ovine benign footrot (BFR) in their response to the degrading proteinase test. At one abattoir, where the interdigital lesions were examined in detail, 9 of 10 isolates were obtained from hyperkeratotic lesions with deep fissures. Traceback to 8 of the farms of origin which carried both sheep and cattle, revealed BFR in sheep on 4 farms. The significance of B. nodosus in interdigital lesions in cattle, and its possible pathogenicity, are discussed. PMID- 7247885 TI - Diseases of cattle in the Solomon Islands. AB - Between 1967 and 1977 a study was made of diseases of cattle in the Solomon Islands. Tuberculosis was found in only 3 herds and was eradicated by 1975. Brucellosis serology revealed very few reactors and by 1977 the herds involved were considered free of the disease. Significant serological reactions were found to Leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, hardjo, autumnalis and jez-bratislava. There was evidence that infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and mucosal disease were present. Seventeen parasites were identified of which Haematobia irritans exigua, Haemonchus placei, Oesophagostomum radiatum and Ceylonocotyle streptocoelium were widely distributed. Nutritional stress occurred under some forms of husbandry but environmental stress was minimal. The Solomon Islands are therefore in a most favourable situation with regard to diseases of cattle. PMID- 7247886 TI - The contamination with Salmonella of bovine livers in an abattoir. AB - Fifty livers from normal slaughter cattle were examined for surface contamination by Salmonella immediately after evisceration and again after inspection. Salmonella were isolated from 32% at evisceration and from 82% after inspection. Numbers of Salmonella present were low at evisceration, and rose after inspection. In only one liver was the parenchyma infected. The sources of the Salmonella were probably the contents of the gastrointestinal tract and the mesenteric lymph nodes, both of which may show high prevalence of infection in cattle which have been held before slaughter. It was concluded that edible offal should be separated from the viscera at evisceration and inspected by personnel who are not involved with the alimentary tract. PMID- 7247887 TI - Low alpha-tocopherol levels in livers of weaner sheep with nutritional myopathy. AB - Outbreaks of ovine weaner nutritional myopathy occurring in the southwest of Western Australia outside the recognised selenium-responsive areas have been investigated. One hundred and five sheep died in 3 outbreaks following 5 months grazing cereal stubble paddocks. Liver selenium and glutathione peroxidase activities, measured as an index of biological availability of dietary selenium, indicated that the selenium status of the animals was probably adequate. A comparison fo liver selenium and alpha-tocopherol concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity was made with both selenium supplemented sheep and sheep affected with selenium-responsive nutritional myopathy. In all cases investigated in this study liver alpha-tocopherol levels in affected animals were low and this may be important in the aetiology of this myopathy. PMID- 7247888 TI - Soft tissue masses in the fetlock joint of horses. AB - Eight cases of sessile, intra-articular soft tissue masses originating from the cranio-dorsal attachment of the capsule of the fetlock joint of horses are presented. In 4 of these cases an osteochondral fracture of the first phalanx was also present. Clinically the condition closely resembled villonodular synovitis; however the microscopic changes did not correspond to those reported. The clinical signs included lameness after exercise, joint effusion and pain on manipulation. The offending masses were surgically resected and their histology indicated a chronic proliferative synovitis. The results of these cases indicate that the condition carries a favourable prognosis. PMID- 7247889 TI - The use of amitraz (N1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino)-methyl] N-methylmethanimidamide) in demodecosis in dogs. AB - Amitraz topically applied as an 0.025 or 0.05% aqueous suspension once or twice weekly for up to 8 weeks cured 3 cases of generalised squamopapular to pustular demodectic mange and effectively controlled the condition in a fourth dog. Three of these dogs were Dobermans in which the disease was refractory to standard therapy with ronnel. A single wash in 0.025% amitraz suspension was sufficient to cure each of 5 dogs affected with localized demodecosis within 2 to 4 weeks. At these dose levels the drug is non toxic and non irritant to skin and mucous membranes. Recommendations for the use of amitraz include a thorough prewash of the entire skin surface with soap and water followed by application of the drug suspension with vigorous scrubbing, the compound then being allowed to dry on the animal's skin. The availability of amitraz therapy appears to provide a favourable prognosis for the control of severe long standing mange in the dog. PMID- 7247891 TI - Standardised Rose Bengal test for bovine brucellosis. PMID- 7247892 TI - The effect of surgery in dogs on the response to concomitant distemper vaccination. PMID- 7247890 TI - Adaptability of low cost tick-resistant cattle for growth. AB - Treatments to reduce costs, for example, extra indicus tick resistance in indicus/taurus strains, may not enhance beef profits. On the other hand, the negative correlation between productivity and adaptability to ticks can be reversed by the alternative use of 'lean beef' carcase characters. Results show that high indicus/lean beef genotypes are significantly (p less than 0.01) heavier than the cattle without the carcase character. That the 'right type of cattle' for a southern hemisphere situation, that is resistant/high yield genotypes, can be produced has been made clear. PMID- 7247893 TI - The use of electrocardiography to estimate heart weight and predict performance in the racehorse. PMID- 7247894 TI - Laboratory transmission of Onchocerca gibsoni by Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) townsvillensis. PMID- 7247895 TI - Distribution of lesions in ovine weaner nutritional myopathy in Western Australia. PMID- 7247896 TI - Vaccination against canine parvoviral infections. PMID- 7247897 TI - The uptake of dipping fluid and persistence of diazinon on shower-dipped sheep. PMID- 7247898 TI - Effects of severe heat stress on respiration and metabolic rate in resting man. AB - The effects on metabolic gas exchange, pulmonary ventilation, respiratory rate, heart rate, and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension of increases in deep body temperature of 2 degrees C were studied in adult male human subjects at rest. The increase in pulmonary ventilation (49%) was accompanied by a reduction in end tidal carbon dioxide tension (17%). Heart rate rose by 85%. The increase in oxygen consumption expressed as a function of body surface area was found to be similar in all experiments (19%), irrespective of the value of the resting oxygen consumption in the control period. There was an associated 18% increase in carbon dioxide production. The results support a hypothesis that the increase in metabolism occurring during heat stress is limited solely to that part of the metabolism defined as basal. PMID- 7247899 TI - Heat stress in front and rear cockpits of F-4 aircraft. AB - Heat stress can be a serious problem in aircraft flown at low altitudes in warm to-hot environments. Data are reported here on 36 flights by F-4 aircraft at Eglin AFB, FL. Ground dry-bulb temperatures (Tdb,g) were 19-33 degrees C (mean 28 degrees C) with psychrometric wet-bulb temperatures (Twb) 14-24 degrees C (mean 20 degrees C). Environmental and physiological data were recorded in both front and rear cockpits at 2-min intervals throughout each mission, which simulated low level ground attack and lasted 94-126 min. Data were analyzed for four phases. A) preflight taxi, B) low-level flight, C) ordnance delivery, and D) postflight taxi. Cockpit dry-bulb temperature (Tdb,c) exceeded Tdb,g during ground operations; the front cockpit cooled in flight, while the rear remained hot. Linear relationships appeared for Tdb,c vs. Tdb,g in the four mission phases, and for globe temperature vs. Tdb,c. Aircrew mean skin temperature was significantly related to Tdb,c, and core (ear canal) temperature rose slightly with heat stress. Sweat rates reflected both Tdb,c and clothing worn. Discussion covers differences in air conditioning in the two cockpits and possible consequences of the observed heat stress and physiological strain. PMID- 7247903 TI - Dual accident pilots in naval aircraft. PMID- 7247900 TI - Influence of ambient and core temperatures on auditory canal temperature. AB - Ear canal temperature (Tac) is a useful indicator of human body temperature under some laboratory conditions. Tac has also been used in field studies, but problems arise there due to its susceptibility to external influences such as wind. Experiments on five resting subjects in an environmental chamber showed that 1) compared to a warm environment (35 degrees C), a cool one (22 degrees C) produced significant lowering of both Tac and rectal temperature (Tre), 2) the cool condition increased the difference between Tre and Tac, and 3) head treatment (helmet wear, wind) significantly affected Tac. In a second series of experiments, six subjects exposed to the same conditions performed mild exercise to abolish the progressive decline in Tre seen at 22 degrees C. Results showed that Tac still reflected external temperature and continued to show the influence of head treatment. CONCLUSION: Tac has only limited usefulness in aircrew studies or other field work unless subjects can wear a protective helmet throughout the period of data collection. PMID- 7247902 TI - Avoidance learning and mechanism of the protective effect of apomorphine against hypoxia. AB - We have analyzed a conditioned avoidance response (CAR) in rats, under both normoxia and hypobaric hypoxia (300 torr), to try to elucidate the mechanism of apomorphine's protective effect against hypoxia. The resistance to hypoxia is markedly increased by apomorphine (1 mg/kg i.p.) and, to a lesser degree, by an alpha-adrenergic pre-synaptic (yohimbine 1 mg/kg i.p.) or post-synaptic (phenoxybenzamine 1 mg/kg i.p.) blocker. The anti-hypoxic property of apomorphine is not altered when associated with domperidone (0.5 mg/kg i.p.), a peripheral blocker of the dopaminergic receptors. Resistance to hypoxia is decreased by propranolol (1 mg/kg i.p.) and pimozide (1 mg/kg i.p.). It is not modified by tylciprine (2 mg/kg i.p.) or by metergoline (2.5 mg/kg i.p.), a blocker of the 5 hydroxytryptamine (5 H T) receptors. However, the association of any of the above pharmacological agents with apomorphine destroys apomorphine's anti-hypoxic effect. There has even been shown a positive potentialisation ( i.e. an increase of the inhibitory effect) between apomorphine, hypoxia, and the added drug. This potentialisation is already noticeable under normoxia for the association of each of the drugs with apomorphine. Free alpha, beta adrenergic, cerebral dopaminergic, and serotoninergic receptors and an intact amine metabolic pathway therefore seem required for apomorphine to develop its anti-hypoxic activity. PMID- 7247904 TI - Evaluation of the Hewlett-Packard Ear Oximeter for use during routine air transport of patients. AB - The Hewlett-Packard 47201 A Ear Oximeter was evaluated to determine the feasibility of its use aboard aircraft. At altitudes up to 2438 m (8000 ft), there was no significant difference between the mean predicted percent saturation of hemoglobin and the measured percent saturation in 25 non-smokers (94.6 +/- 1.9 vs. 94.1 +/- 2.4; p greater than 0.10) and 20 smokers (94.9 +/- 1.8 vs. 94.2 +/- 2.5; p greater than 0.10). The accuracy of the oximeter readings on five individuals was further confirmed with a blood gas analyzer aboard the aircraft. We conclude that the ear oximeter is accurate and reliable for monitoring patients during flights. PMID- 7247901 TI - Early pulmotoxic effects of oxygen on the rat alveolar type II epithelial cell. AB - Adult male rats were exposed to pure oxygen at atmospheric pressure for 12 and 24 h in order to examine the early pulmotoxic signs in alveolar type II epithelial cells. Lung specimens were processed for both light and electron microscopical examination. All changes were obvious, but less pronounced than in previous reports, and appeared only after 24 h of exposure. The type II cells showed dilation of the Golgi apparatus and changes in mitochondria. This experiment indicates that exposure to pure oxygen at atmospheric pressure for as short as 24 h, but not for 12 h, is adequate to induce subtle pulmotoxic changes in alveolar type II epithelial cells. PMID- 7247905 TI - Recurrent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: a case report. AB - Presented is a young man who continued to have CSF rhinorrhea for 3.5 years before the diagnosis was incidentally made. This man had undergone several high quality physical examinations without detection of the problem. CSF rhinorrhea occurs when the cribriform plate is fractured and a fistula forms through the entrapped meninges. Diagnosis can usually be made with either CT scan or nuclear medicine studies. Repair of the fistula is essential to prevent meningitis. PMID- 7247906 TI - The inpatient psychiatric unit as a system. AB - A university-affiliated psychiatric inpatient unit in a private general hospital is an organization which serves many purposes. However, the primary purpose is quite evident: to provide various psychiatric therapies to patients with diverse psychopathologies. This becomes extremely complicated if the unit attempts an eclectic approach. Thus, the unit must consider: (1) psychopathological frameworks such as genetic, sociocultural, psychoanalytic, behavioral, and biochemical etiologies; (2) therapeutic interventions such as individual, group, and family therapy; insight-oriented, supportive, and behavioral psychotherapy; milieu therapy; and psychopharmacological treatment; (3) the various philosophies, attitudes, and skills of the multidisciplinary team of psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, aides, social workers, activities therapists, expressive therapists, and administrative support personnel. General systems theory and general living systems models may further the conceptualization and understanding of the inpatient unit. This, in turn, may improve patient treatment. For the inpatient psychiatric unit, we describe the 19 critical subsystems of general living systems theory, with special emphasis on the decider subsystem. PMID- 7247907 TI - Decision making in an interdisciplinary team. AB - Decision making in an interdisciplinary team occurs at the interface between groups with varied backgrounds, orientations, interests, and goals. Most interdisciplinary teams attempt to identify the complex set of variables influencing their decisions and then utilize this knowledge to maximize efficiency in health care delivery. Models of information and decision analysis developed by general systems theory are suggested as a method for advancing the understanding of where, when, and how decisions are made by the interdisciplinary team. A university-affiliated psychiatric service in a private general hospital is studied. Here the following forces meet, complement, compete, and collide: the community, university, hospital administration, private practitioners, insurance companies, consultation and liaison psychiatrists, university staff psychiatrists and residents, nurses, aides, social workers, activities personnel, patients and their families, the patient group, the ward milieu. Considering these factors, we describe: (1) the flow of information and feedback loops into, within, and out of the psychiatric service; (2) the location of decision nodes; (3) decision-making echelons. The general systems theory concepts utilized in this analysis are proposed as pragmatic tools for improving interdisciplinary team function. PMID- 7247908 TI - Experimental evaluation of an interactive information processing aid for an emergency poison center. AB - In the recent literature, many studies have addressed the evaluation of the user interface in interactive systems. However, there are few theoretically based methodologies for this purpose. This study is an attempt to develop a methodology for examining the complex division of information processing labor between user and computer. A special concern was the computer-naive user searching for information using a self-teaching system. Our test bed was an emergency poison information center whose functioning depended on fast, accurate processing of patient and antidote data by a nurse. We augmented the nurses' traditional information support--a manual card file and reference books--with an interactive software system which summarized and suggested inferences from data on past successful treatment of patients. Analysis of recordings of user comments and user-system interactions showed that: (1) the support system should be more robust and have more "reasoning" power; and (2) the users' expressed information needs changed after the new support was introduced. From the results, we abstracted elements of an effective naive user-support system division of labor: (1) the support system should "actively" help the user's error recovery; (2) the system should have a sufficient knowledge base to allow "intelligent" conversation about the problem domain; and (3) the support system should allow the user to reconceptualize his information problem as his environment changes. Our method of recording user-system interactions and verbal protocols was time consuming, but did yield significant insight into the user-system division of labor. Also, considering the poison center as a living system, analysis of processing by the nurse and the traditional, the new, or an envisioned information support system showed that a highly dispersed associator and effective internal transducer promoted the functioning of the entire group. PMID- 7247909 TI - Unfavorable effects of ventricular pacing on myocardial energetics. AB - The effects of ventricular pacing (90-330 beats/min) and atrial pacing (120-210 beats/min) on myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and its hemodynamic determinants and on myocardial pumping efficiency were studied systematically on intact dogs. In six closed-chest experiments 158 steady states were analyzed. Myocardial blood flow was measured with a differential pressure sinus catheter, oxygen consumption (5-30 ml/min . 100g) was determined simultaneously by the Fick principle and the additive hemodynamic parameter Et. Ventricular and atrial pacing were compared with both methods at identical heart rates. Additionally, the coincidence between both methods of determining MVO2 was examined at sinus rhythm with sympathetic stimulation (norepinephrine, atropine) within each experiment. Ventricular pacing increased MVO2 overproportionally up to 50% in relation to the hemodynamic determinants. Consequently, myocardial pumping efficiency markedly decreased with increasing ventricular rate. The close relation between directly measured MVO2 and Et, found in previous studies, was maintained under sympathetic stimulation. Atrial pacing, as compared to ventricular pacing at identical rates, resulted in a decrease of MVO2 up to 25% although the expected mVO2 according to its hemodynamic determinants rather increased. The hemodynamic and metabolic mechanisms probably responsible for the energetic difference between ventricular and atrial pacing at equal heart rates are discussed. PMID- 7247910 TI - Comparative studies on the influence of decapitation, ketamine and thiopental anesthesia on rat heart mitochondria. AB - The influence of decapitation, ketamine and thiopental anesthesia on some properties of rat heart mitochondria was compared. Polarographic analysis were performed, oxygen consumption rates, respiratory control index, ADP : O ratio and oxidation of exogenous NADH were determined. Electronmicroscopic and gasometric examinations were also conducted. Mitochondrial fractions from hearts of decapitated rats oxidized at a generally faster rate and mitochondria from such hearts exhibited a significantly lower RCI value. These differences can be explained through the action of uncoupler(s) present in the decapitated group. A hypothesis linking decapitation with the uncoupling effect of fatty acids released intracellularly during catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis is discussed. No differences in the ADP : O ratio and electronmicroscopic details between the groups were found. Gasometric determinations in both anesthetized groups did not show any marked dysfunction of the respiratory system. It is concluded that decapitation leads to some changes in the functional integrity of rat heart mitochondria. Ketamine and thiopental anesthesia can be used with equal success for the isolation of mitochondria from the heart. PMID- 7247911 TI - A critical look at currently used indirect indices of myocardial oxygen consumption. PMID- 7247912 TI - Methods of frequency-correction for systolic time intervals. AB - To judge the influence of drugs and diseases on systolic time intervals (STI), the connection to the covariate belonging to heart frequency has to be eliminated. For this purpose, we adopt linear dependency of the interval between the R-waves in the ECG and STI. In this paper, according to different medical questions, well-fitting correction formulae are derived, based on new biometric analysis of published data. The methods used include L1-norm and L2-norm regression, rank-test connected regression Theil and Sen, and rank-scores analysis of covariance. It is concluded that the biometric methods must be well adapted to medical methods. PMID- 7247913 TI - Coronary collateral circulation in the pig: correlation of collateral flow with coronary bed size. AB - Coronary bed sizes were measured in pigs. The left anterior descending bed occupies about 31% of the heart, the right coronary bed about 38% of the heart and the left circumflex bed about 31% of the heart is (including atria). The right coronary artery supplies about 81% of the right ventricle and 23% of the left ventricle with its blood supply. The remaining portion of the right ventricle is supplied by the LAD. The collateral circulation was measured in each of the 3 coronary beds using tracer microspheres. Measurements, are in ml/min/100 g. Transmural collateral flow in the LC is 5.6, the LAD 1.0, the RC in LV 3.7 and the RC in RV 4.3. Our experiments showed that the coronary bed sizes were relatively uniform in pigs, but that collateral flow was significantly different between the beds. PMID- 7247915 TI - [The relation between blood pressure and pulse and respiration rate in the borderline between orthostatic hypotension and normal regulation (author's transl)]. AB - On the border between orthostatic normal regulation and hypotension, the size of the blood pressure amplitude in upright position is dependent upon the pulse frequency and the pulse respiration quotient. The relationship between the blood pressure amplitude and the pulse frequency is linear and lends itself to the setting up of an orthostasis quotient. As into this quotient enter only data of upright position, we speak of a "standing reaction", the result of which satisfactorily corresponds with certain criteria of the "standing-up reaction" noticed by us so far. The orthostasis quotient coincides better with the clinical picture than the results of the standing-up reaction and separates the orthostatically stable person more precisely than the orthostasis index. PMID- 7247914 TI - The effect of elevated arterial free fatty acid concentrations on hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism and blood flow during ischemia. AB - In the present investigation the effect of elevated arterial free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations on regional myocardial blood flow (MBF), myocardial metabolism and hemodynamics during ischemia was studied in anesthetized dogs. Ischemia was induced by stenosis of the left interventricular coronary artery. Mean poststenotic coronary artery pressure was kept constant during ischemia. FFA concentrations were elevated by intravenous injection of heparin (group I), intralipid (group II) or both substances (group III). After elevation of FFA concentrations by heparin alone or together with intralipid, heart rate gradually increased, while aortic pressure tended to decrease. Slight elevation of arterial FFA levels (up to 0.30 mM, group I, and up to 0.53 mM, group II) had no significant effect on total MBF and uptake of glucose, FFA, and oxygen or release of lactate in the ischemic myocardium. However, elevating arterial FFA levels up to 0.81 mM (Group III), significantly decreased total MBF (6%), endo/epicardial blood flow ratio (13%), and oxygen uptake (34%) in the ischemic myocardium and resulted in release of lactate from this area. The release of potassium, inorganic phosphate and H+ as well as plasma CO2 concentration were not influenced. Neither was the uptake of glucose and FFA. These findings suggest that elevated arterial FFA concentrations can decrease MBF and augment lactate production in the ischemic myocardium. PMID- 7247917 TI - [Bovine babesiasis in Austria. IV. Studies with killed vaccines]. PMID- 7247916 TI - [Problems of angiographic determination of diastolic pressure-volume relationship of the left ventricle (author's transl)]. AB - The problems of determination of the left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relationship were demonstrated by analysis of post-extrasystolic beats and of two consecutive normal beats. Quantitative high-speed left ventriculography with simultaneous pressure recording was performed in 16 patients with reduced left ventricular function. The diastolic pressure-volume relationship was evaluated using the formula of Diamond and Forrester (p = b . e(a) V + c) (formula [1]) and a simplified expression (p = b' . e(a') . V) (formula [2]), usually used. The parameters b, a and c of formula (1) showed significant but nonuniform alterations. The parameters b' and a' of formula (2) did not change significantly. The residual sums of squares of the approximation using formula (1) were about 8% less than those of formula (2); i.e.: the measured left ventricular pressures and volumes could be fitted more exactly by formula (1). Two pressure-volume-curves with identical slopes but different operating pressure levels could not be described by formula (2), because in this case the computed slope of the pressure-volume curve was influenced by shifts of the operating pressure-level. The results show that the diastolic pressure-volume relationship cannot exactly be described by formula (2). The application of formula (1) proved the angiographic determination of left ventricular volumes to be insufficient for the evaluation of the diastolic pressure-volume relationship. PMID- 7247919 TI - [Sociopolitical and scientific guidelines for new animal protection laws]. PMID- 7247918 TI - [Primary complete exungulation in cattle]. PMID- 7247920 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of distemper, canine infectious hepatitis and parvovirus infection in dogs]. PMID- 7247921 TI - [Effect of bovine sera on infectivity and pathogenicity of Trypanosoma congolense in mice]. PMID- 7247922 TI - [Kinky tails in Fila Brasileiros. Brief report]. PMID- 7247923 TI - Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered responses to auxins and gravity. AB - Auxin-resistant mutants of Arabidopsis have been induced and isolated by screening for survivors on a medium containing the herbicide 2,4-D. Thirty independently arisen mutants have been isolated in this way and one of them, P 83, has been investigated in detail. When wild type and P 83 are compared in concentration/response curves, where the response is the inhibition of root growth, the ED50 values of the auxins, 2,4-D and IAA, are 14-fold higher for the mutant. The mutant also responds differently to gravity: its roots do not show positive geotropism, but tend to grow with a clockwise curvature on agar surfaces. The seedling roots of the mutant also grow more rapidly than those of the wild type in the absence of 2,4-D, following faster germination. The F1 between P 83 and wild type is similar to the latter, but has a slightly increased resistance to 2,4-D. Results obtained from the F2, F3 and backcross generations suggest monofactorial inheritance. Most of the other 29 mutants have the P 83 phenotype, but at least five are different. Four have lower levels of resistance to 2,4-D and P 83, and their roots appear to respond normally to gravity. One mutant has an abnormal georesponse and a much higher level of resistance to 2,4-D than P 83. PMID- 7247924 TI - Inheritance of electrophoretic variants of tuber proteins in Solanum tuberosum haploids. AB - Soluble tuber proteins were separated by discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on vertical slabs. Banding patterns of proteins stained with Coomassie Blue in 7.5% acrylamide gels (pH 4.3) were few and distinctive for haploids (2n = 2x = 24) derived from several cultivars (2n = 4x = 48). Katahdin and Chippewa haploids have only three different banding patterns for the eight fastest moving bands. The haploids have either the parental pattern (all eight bands) or one of two complementary banding patterns (four bands). The frequency of these patterns among the haploids indicates that the eight bands are controlled by one locus which is duplex (A1 A1 A2 A2) in the parents. Haploids with the genotype A1 A2 have eight bands. A1 A1 haploids have four bands, and A2 A2 have the other four bands. Tawa haploids have in equal numbers either the eight (A1 A2) or four (A2 A2) band pattern. Thus the genotype of Tawa is A1 A2 A2 A2. The control of four bands by one allele could be explained by assuming that these alleles are involved in posttranslational modification or assembly of one or two protein species. Another explanation is that pseudoalleles or redundant genes produce the groups of protein bands. The eight proteins studied apparently are of similar molecular weight but differ in charge. PMID- 7247925 TI - Specificity of allozyme-absorbed antisera to human placental alkaline phosphatase for individual phenotypes. AB - Antisera raised against the rare FD phenotype enzyme were exhaustively absorbed with SS and FF phenotype enzyme immobilized on agarose gels. When it was absorbed with the FF phenotype enzyme, the antiserum no longer reacted with the F-variant enzyme, but did with the S-, D-, and I-variants, as determined by electrophoretic retardation experiments and precipitation of antigen-antibody complexes using staphylococcal protein A. When the antiserum was absorbed with SS phenotype enzyme, it no longer reacted with S-, D-, or I-variant enzyme, but did have some reactivity with the F-variant, as seen in the protein A assay. Based upon the IgG concentration, which bound 40% of the appropriate enzyme, 1/20 of the antiserum preparation was specific for the S-, D-, and I-variant shared specificity, and 1/400 was specific for the F-variant alone. PMID- 7247926 TI - Serum IgG levels in the Storrs strain of hereditary muscular dystrophic chickens. AB - IgG levels in sera of Storrs hereditary muscular dystrophic chickens were investigated. IgG levels in age-matched Storrs muscular dystrophic chickens varied, depending on the geographical location where the chickens were reared. IgG levels from muscular dystrophic chickens at varying ages of development were approximately 30% less than age-matched control values. Genetic analyses of F1 hybrid, F2 progeny, and testcross progeny showed the reduced IgG levels in the Storrs strain of muscular dystrophic chickens not to be correlated with the autosomal recessive muscular dystrophic trait, the degree of muscle destruction, nor with an autosomal recessive T cell defect. The studies reported here suggest (1) that the reduced IgG levels in the Storrs strains of muscular dystrophic chickens are due to strain differences and (2) that the mode of inheritance of serum IgG levels in the Storrs strain of muscular dystrophic chickens is polygenic. PMID- 7247927 TI - Inheritance behavior of information coding for small subunit polypeptides of fraction 1 protein. AB - In various genera of plants, the small subunit of fraction 1 protein is often composed of more than one kind of polypeptide; these differ in isoelectric points and amino acid composition. Previous analysis of numerous individual progeny of Nicotiana tabacum (two kinds of polypeptides), N. glauca + N. langsdorffii parasexual hybrids (three kinds) and other examples showed no change in F-1 protein composition as a consequence of alternation of generations. Experiments reported here show that absence of one number of each of the 24 different pairs of chromosomes in an N. tabacum monosomic series and also absence of the "S" pair in a nullisome did not affect F-1 protein composition. Absence of the "E" pair caused reduction in the amount of the least acidic of the two kinds of N. tabacum small subunit polypeptides. The question of how many individual progeny of self fertile hybrids would have to be analyzed to detect segregation of genes coding for F-1 protein small subunit polypeptides, if segregation occurs, was answered by analysis of F1 hybrids between N. otophora and N. tomentosiformis, and two subspecies of N. suaveolens, together with their F2 progeny. In both cases, analysis of 16 progeny was sufficient to demonstrate a segregation pattern of two F1 hybrid type to one each of the two parental types. Therefore, in the absence of segregation, it is likely that coding information for different kinds of F-1 protein small subunit polypeptides is sequestered on heterologous chromosomes, as postulated in previous reports. PMID- 7247928 TI - The ra locus and legumin synthesis in Pisum sativum. AB - Cellulose acetate electrophoresis has been used to resolve the storage proteins of peas into their constituent groups. Comparisons of 171 randomly chosen genotypes representing primitive forms, subspecies, and cultivars of peas, of seven near-isogenic lines for found and wrinkled and of two F2 populations have shown that wrinkled seed has a lower proportion of legumin than round seed. The extent of the reduction varies with the background genotype; some of the wrinkled forms has less than one-third as much legumin as their isogenic round forms. This effect of the ra locus on storage protein composition provides the first example in peas of a mutant analogous to the op 2 and fl 2 mutants in maize. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to discriminate the 40 kdalton (alpha subunits) of legumin. On the basis of the data obtained from F2 populations derived from genotypes with distinct alpha subunit patterns, it was shown that the structural genes for the alpha subunit polypeptides of legumin are on chromosome 7, and closely linked to the ra locus. PMID- 7247929 TI - Heterosis for brain myelin content in mice. AB - Biochemical evidence of heterosis (hybrid vigor) for brain myelin content is presented. The concentrations of cerebroside and GM1 ganglioside, two glycolipids known to be abundant in myelin, were higher in the brains of (C57BL/6J X DBA/2J) F1 hybrids than in the brains of either parental strain. Furthermore, brain water content, which is known to be inversely related to myelin content, was lower in the F1 hybrids, especially during the most active period of myelin synthesis. Heterosis was not observed, however, for total brain ganglioside concentration. Additionally, the results do not substantiate a direct developmental-genetic relationship between brain myelin content and susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. PMID- 7247930 TI - Cytological evidence for DNA chain elongation after UV irradiation in the S phase. AB - Human cells irradiated with UV light synthesize lower molecular weight DNA than unirradiated cells. This reduction in molecular weight is greater in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cells than in normal cells. The molecular weight of DNA is further reduced by the addition of caffeine to XP cells. By several hours after irradiation, DNA fragments are barely detectable. Cells from excision-proficient and excision-deficient XP patients were studied autoradiographically to produce cytological evidence of DNA chain elongation. Replicate cultures with and without caffeine were synchronized and irradiated with UV light during the S phase. Caffeine was removed in G2, and the cells were labeled with 3H-thymidine. Results showed significantly increased labeling during G2 of excision-deficient XP cells. Labeling was dependent on the time of irradiation and presence of caffeine. The XP variant cells had no increase in labeling for any irradiation time. PMID- 7247933 TI - A simple method for preservation and scanning of starch gels. PMID- 7247932 TI - An esterase of bacterial origin in Drosophila montana. PMID- 7247931 TI - Murine liver arylsulfatase B processing influenced by region on chromosome 17. AB - SM/J liver arylsulfatase B has a more rapid electrophoretic mobility and occurs as a series of more acidic isozymes following electrofocusing in narrow pH gradients than the liver enzyme from C57Bl/6J mice. The SM/J and C57BL/6J electrofocusing patterns were both converted to a single isozyme with similar isoelectric points by pretreatment with neuraminidase, suggesting that the SM/J and C57BL/6J isozymes differed with respect to their sialic acid content. Arylsulfatase B electrofocusing and thermostability phenotypes segregated independently among progeny of SM/J x C57BL/6J crosses, suggesting that the electrofocusing phenotypes were not determined by different alleles at As-1, the putative structural locus for arylsulfatase B. Comparison of the joint segregation of hepatic acid phosphatase electrophoretic patterns and liver arylsulfatase B electrofocusing profiles revealed that the electrofocusing profiles may be determined by a region on chromosome 17 near of identical to Apl. Kidney, brain, and spleen arylsulfatase B electrofocusing patterns did not appear to differ between SM/J and C57BL/6J mice. PMID- 7247934 TI - Polypeptide composition of fraction 1 protein of the somatic hybrid between Petunia parodii and Petunia parviflora. AB - The analysis of the subunit polypeptide composition of Fraction 1 protein provides information on the expression of both chloroplast and nuclear genomes. Fraction 1 protein, isolated from leaves of the somatic hybrid plants derived form the fusion of protoplasts of Petunia parodii and P. parviflora, was analyzed for its subunit polypeptide composition by isoelectric focusing in 8 M urea. The fraction 1 protein enzyme oligomer in the somatic hybrid plants contained small subunits resulting from the expression of both parental nuclear genomes, but probably only one of the parental large subunits, namely that of P. parodii. The relevance of such somatic hybrid material for the study of nucleocytoplasmic interrelationship is discussed, as well as the use of these fraction 1 protein isoelectric focusing patterns for the analysis of taxonomic relationships in Petunia. PMID- 7247935 TI - A mutation affecting the lactate dehydrogenase locus Ldh-1 in the mouse-I. Genetical and electrophoretical characterization. AB - (101/El x C3H/el)F1 male mice were infected intraperitoneally with the mutagen procarbazine hydrochloride and immediately caged with untreated test-stock females. Crude liver extracts from the offspring were subjected to polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing, and the gels were stained for six enzymes. In the experimental group (mutagen treated spermatogonial germ-cell stage), a dominant inherited banding alteration of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) pattern was detected. By crossing the heterozygous mutants, homozygotes were obtained that showed much less gel staining intensity. The mutation is codominantly expressed with 100% penetrance. The banding alteration was also observed in muscle, kidney, heart, blood, brain, testis, spleen, and lung. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed with all the tissues examined. The mutation causes the intensity of the band corresponding to LDH-A (primary molecular form in muscle) to decrease from that of the wild type, while the intensity of the bands corresponding to LDH B (primary molecular form in heart) remains constant. It is concluded that the mutation affects the locus coding for LDH of the muscle type. Ldh-1c is proposed as the allele symbol. PMID- 7247936 TI - Genetics and ontogeny of butyryl CoA dehydrogenase in the mouse and linkage of Bcd-1 with Dao-1. AB - A zymogram method has been developed for fatty acyl CoA dehydrogenase and used to examine the electrophoretic properties of butyryl CoA dehydrogenase (BCD) from mouse tissues. A single form of BCD is present in extracts of liver, kidney, heart, and intestine. Ontogenetic, tissue distribution, and subcellular fractionation results are consistent with the mitochondrial origin previously reported for this enzyme. A genetic variant for BCD-1 was used to provide evidence for a locus determining the electrophoretic properties of this enzyme (designated Bcd-1), which is linked to Dao-1 (encoding D-amino acid oxidase). PMID- 7247937 TI - Sex-limited effects of the expression of the db gene in mice during puberty. AB - The autosomal recessive gene diabetes (db) produces a condition similar to human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in certain strains of inbred mice. In this investigation, the effects of expression of the db gene on the development of the submandibular glands, electrophoretic protein patterns in salivas, fasting blood glucose levels, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were evaluated in mice undergoing puberty. Three sex-limited effects of the db gene were observed in diabetic male mice: (1) a compromise of the development of the specialized submandibular glands with the extensive tubular portion normally found in males. (2) failure to develop a salivary protein pattern unique to male mice, and (3) attainment of higher levels of fasting blood glucose than found in female diabetic mice. Since it has been documented that homozygous mice fail to develop functional gonads, apparently due to insufficient production of gonadotropin, it is likely that the compromised development of the specialized submandibular glands, and, consequently, the male salivary protein pattern, is a result of decreased testosterone production. Experiments in which diabetic mice were treated with testosterone support that conclusion, since testosterone caused transformation of the salivary protein pattern to one identical with that of normal male littermate controls and increased the tubular portion of the submandibular glands. PMID- 7247938 TI - Developmental modification and hybridization of allelic acid phosphatase isozymes in homo- and heterozygotes for the Acp- 1 locus in rice. AB - A number of alleles each specified a set of three major and three minor bands of acid phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.2) in wild and cultivated rice strains. Relative intensity of the major bands was found to differ significantly according to the developmental stages of the leaves, suggesting the presence of protein modification genes. In heterozygotes, six parental and three hybrid bands were clearly observed in most of the heterozygotes, but the intensities of the hybrid bands were found to be generally lower than those theoretically expected due to random association of enzyme subunits. The cause of this phenomenon is discussed. PMID- 7247940 TI - Preparative high speed gel permeation chromatography of proteins on Toyopearl HW55F. PMID- 7247939 TI - Molecular polymorphism of ciliary proteins from different species of the ciliate Tetrahymena. AB - Ciliary proteins from five different Tetrahymena species were analyzed by means of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Of at least 32 different polypeptides, only 2 were found to have identical molecular weights in all species. In any comparison of 2 species, a maximum of 60% and at least 20% of the proteins had indistinguishable molecular weights, depending on the combination examined. Extensive codominance of ciliary proteins was found in a F1 hybrid. No interspecific cross-reactions occurred in double-diffusion tests involving the cilia from different species and antisera produced against them in rabbits. PMID- 7247941 TI - Evidence for reversibility of age-related decrease in human lymphocyte adenylate cyclase activity. PMID- 7247942 TI - Succinylated and acetylated concanavalin A activate the classical complement pathway. PMID- 7247943 TI - Mutant cell lines resistant to azetidine carboxylic acid: quantitative and qualitative differences in pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase activities. PMID- 7247944 TI - Lysosomal pool of free-amino acids. PMID- 7247945 TI - Beta-neo-endorphin, a new hypothalamic "big" Leu-enkephalin of porcine origin: its purification and the complete amino acid sequence. PMID- 7247946 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of alpha-neo-endorphin. PMID- 7247947 TI - Phytol synthesis from geranylgeraniol in spinach chloroplasts. PMID- 7247948 TI - Terbium fluorescence studies of the metal-angiotensin II complex. PMID- 7247950 TI - Oxygenic photoreduction of ferredoxin independently of the membrane-bound iron sulfur centers of photosystem I. PMID- 7247949 TI - Irreversible inactivation of chicken liver fatty acid synthetase by its substrates acetyl and malonyl CoA. Effect of temperature and NADP n fatty acid and triacetic acid lactone synthesis. PMID- 7247951 TI - 2-nitroimipramine: a selective irreversible inhibitor of [3H] serotonin uptake and [3H] imipramine binding in platelets. PMID- 7247952 TI - Cell-free translation of human pheochromocytoma messenger RNA yields protein(s) containing methionine-enkephalin. PMID- 7247954 TI - The uptake of tyramine by rat platelets. PMID- 7247955 TI - Effects of short-term inhalation of cadmium oxides on rabbit pulmonary microsomal enzymes. PMID- 7247953 TI - Novel leukotrienes: products formed by initial oxygenation of arachidonic acid at C-15. PMID- 7247957 TI - Binding of cortisol to human albumin and serum: the effect of protein concentration. PMID- 7247956 TI - Metabolism of zinc and copper in the neonate: changes in the concentrations and contents of thionein-bound Zn and Cu with age in the livers of the newborn of various mammalian species. PMID- 7247958 TI - Mechanism of the inhibitory action of capsaicin on energy metabolism by rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7247959 TI - The enzymes catalysing succinic semialdehyde reduction in rat brain. PMID- 7247960 TI - Accumulation of amantadine by isolated chromaffin granules. PMID- 7247961 TI - Binding of copper and zinc by the antitumour agent L-alanosine. PMID- 7247962 TI - Hepatic periportal necrosis induced by chronic administration of cocaine. PMID- 7247963 TI - Activities of purine-metabolizing enzymes in human colon carcinoma cell lines and xenograft tumors. PMID- 7247964 TI - Enzymatic hydrolysis of leucylaminoantipyrine in human serum. PMID- 7247965 TI - Cytostatic activity of pharmacological concentrations of indomethacin in cell cultures and inactivity of closely related compounds. PMID- 7247970 TI - Lack of uptake or degradation of adenosine in the termination of its action in the beating carp atrium. PMID- 7247967 TI - A method for measurement of tranylcypromine in rat brain regions using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. PMID- 7247966 TI - The effect of propranolol on the osmotic fragility of red cells and liposomes and the influence of the drug on glycerol transport across the membrane of red cells. PMID- 7247968 TI - Prevention by polyamines of the curative effect of amicarbalide and imidocarb for Trypanosoma brucei infections in mice. PMID- 7247969 TI - Biological fate of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT): binding of BHT metabolites to cysteine in vitro. PMID- 7247971 TI - Type B monoamine oxidase activities toward beta-phenylethylamine in discrete hypothalamic and circumventricular nuclei of the rat. PMID- 7247972 TI - Calcium-antagonistic effects of L 9394 on vascular and ventricular muscle. PMID- 7247973 TI - Trends in recent systemic lupus erythematosus mortality rates. AB - National death rates from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were calculated for the period 1972 to 1976 according to age, sex, and race and were compared to rates for 1968 to mid-1972. The time trend in the age-adjusted death rates from SLE was also analyzed for the entire period 1968 to 1977. The previously reported variable sex and race ratios persist through the recent period, particularly the greater mortality rates among black women during middle and early adulthood. An overall decline in the adjusted death rates in the younger age groups (1-49 years old) in each race-sex group is seen in the recent period. PMID- 7247974 TI - Pharmacology of human spontaneous monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. I. Enhancement by salicylates and steroids. AB - The effect of various antiinflammatory agents on the spontaneous cytotoxicity of human mononuclear cells in vitro was assessed. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and hydrocortisone enhanced spontaneous monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity compared to control values. This enhancement could not be mediated through inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis since indomethacin had no effect on cytotoxic function and since the direct addition of PGE2 to the cell cultures did not inhibit the expression of cytotoxicity. Likewise, salicylic acid (SA), which had no effect on prostaglandin biosynthesis, also enhanced monocyte cytotoxicity. Stimulation of monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity resulting in more efficient antigen removal and thus decreasing antigen persistence may be an additional mechanism by which ASA, SA, and hydrocortisone modulate the destructive inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7247975 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide, hydrocortisone and levamisole on collagen-induced arthritis in rats. AB - The immune response of rats to type II collagen was modified by pretreating the rats with levamisole, hydrocortisone, or cyclophosphamide. Rats were observed for the development of collagen-induced arthritis and were bled serially for the determination of antibody levels to type II collagen. Levamisole had a slight but not significant potentiating effect with arthritis developing earlier, whereas hydrocortisone and cyclophosphamide significantly depressed the incidence of arthritis; cyclophosphamide also delayed its onset. Antibody levels measured by radioimmunoassay paralleled the clinical course of arthritis. PMID- 7247976 TI - Experimental siderosis of articular chondrocytes cultured in vitro. AB - Siderosis of rabbit articular chondrocytes was produced in vitro as a model for the cartilage damage of hemophilic arthropathy. Both FeSO4 0.1-2.5 mM and rabbit hemoglobin (as hemolyzed serum, 14 mg/ml) caused iron storage in cell and organ culture. FeSO4 was far more effective. The fine structure of the siderosomes resulting from both iron sources was comparable to that observed in hemophilic and other forms of hemosiderosis. Particles resembling ferric oxyhydroxide were included in the FeSO4 but not the hemoglobin derived siderin. Iron storage following FeSO4 was enhanced 5-fold by culturing with rabbit rather than fetal calf serum. Despite repeated washing of the cultures and detachment with trypsin, an extracellular pool of Fe3+ persisted in the cell pellets. Cytotoxicity of Fe was manifested by formation of myelin bodies and a dose-dependent reduction of cell number. There was an inverse relationship between cytotoxicity and iron storage following administration of FeSO4 to five other cell types. Ascorbate 40 micrograms/ml stimulated DNA synthesis but had no protective effect against the cytotoxicity of FeSO4. Little erythrophagocytosis was showen by the chondrocytes. Desferrioxamine (0.01--2.5 mM) was markedly toxic for dividing but not for stationary chondrocytes. Administered after iron storage had been induced with FeSO4, 1.0--2.5 mM desferrioxamine removed stainable siderin granules over the course of 4 days. PMID- 7247977 TI - Ultrastructure of the mouse synovial membrane. Development and organization of the extracellular matrix. AB - The synovial membrane of the mouse knee joint was examined by electron microscopy and electron microscopic histochemistry, with special reference to the development of the extracellular matrix. In the embryonic synovium, the intercellular spaces were filled with hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate. The formation of the early joint cavity appeared to be initiated by accumulation of hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate in the synovial primordium. At the postnatal stage, the synovial primordium differentiated into a true synovial intima that could be easily identified by the presence of two distinct lining cells: fibroblast-like cells (B cells) and phagocytic cells (A cells). Simultaneously, the synovial intima provided the specialized extracellular matrix that was characterized by organized structures of microfibrils, collagen fibers, and fibrous long spacing fibers embedded in a large number of glycoproteins. PMID- 7247978 TI - Reiter's syndrome. Evaluation of preliminary criteria for definite disease. AB - A retrospective evaluation of 83 patients with Reiter's syndrome (RS) and 166 comparison arthritis patients was conducted in order to assess the preliminary criteria for definite RS. Data analysis was based on the statement that Reiter's syndrome consists of an episode of peripheral arthritis of more than 1 month duration occurring in association with urethritis and/or cervicitis. During the initial episode of RS, 70 of the 83 RS patients satisfied the criteria, yielding a sensitivity of 84.3%. PMID- 7247979 TI - A report of reactive arthritis following dysentery in 1743. PMID- 7247980 TI - Autoimmune disturbances in relapsing polychondritis and primary alopecia. PMID- 7247981 TI - Colchicine and chronic pseudogout. PMID- 7247982 TI - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome complicating polymyalgia rheumatica. PMID- 7247983 TI - Inhibition of carrageenan-induced edema by a splenic factor. PMID- 7247984 TI - Collagen synthesis in organ culture of normal and atherosclerotic aortas. AB - Using pulse-label experiments in organ culture, collagen synthesis was studied in aortas from healthy and atherosclerotic specimens. Investigations were carried out on human atherosclerotic plaques as well as in the mini-pig in which atherosclerosis occurred spontaneously, and in the rabbit where atherosclerosis was experimentally induced by cholesterol-enriched feeding. When compared to total protein synthesis, the percentage of newly synthesized collagens measured as radioactive pepsin-resistant material, decreased with age in healthy specimens, whereas it remained at a higher level when the aortas were atherosclerotic. Subsequent molecular sieve chromatography of the radioactivity pepsin-resistant material allowed the separation type I collagen from type III collagen and their relative quantification. The results showed that the newly synthesized type III collagen accounted for 16-31% in aortic explants from young animals, for 30-36% when the explants were derived from older specimens and for 35-48% when the tissues were atherosclerotic. PMID- 7247985 TI - Selection of a strain of rats with spontaneous high cholesterolemia. AB - By means of an inbred selection procedure utilizing positive assortative mating, high (SHC: spontaneous high cholesterolemic) and low (SLC: spontaneous low cholesterolemic) blood cholesterol strains of rats were developed. This procedure was shown to be much more efficient in increasing than in lowering the blood cholesterol level. The diet used throughout selection was normal laboratory chow; therefore the high and low blood cholesterol levels occurred spontaneously. Since the 6th generation there has been no overlap between the blood cholesterol values of the animals of the two strains. The cholesterol increase with ageing was found to be strongly related to sex, but weakly to the genes governing the differences between SHC and SLC rats. Cholesterol enhancement following a hyperlipidic diet did not differ between strains or sexes. It appears that the SHC rat strain could be an interesting model, particularly in pharmacological research. PMID- 7247986 TI - Plasma viscosity and biochemical parameters in the "fatty" rat. AB - The essential part played by rheological factors in the genesis of thrombosis and atherosclerosis has often been mentioned. Thus, we undertook an investigation on plasmatic rheological factors in an animal model with modifications in plasma lipids (homozygotic and heterozygotic "fatty" rats) compared to normal animals (Sprague-Dawley rats). Test parameters were: cholesterol, triglycerides, lipidograms, glucose, total proteins, fibrinogen, plasmatic viscosity. Experiments gave the following results in homozygotic animals as compared to heterozygotic rats and controls: hyperlipidemia with massive increase in triglycerides, hyperfibrinogenemia, increase in total proteins and glucose, modifications in lipidogram in the form of more lipoproteins migrating in the beta-position and fewer proteins migrating in the alpha-position. Such changes were accompanied by an increase in whole blood and plasma viscosity. After considering the various correlations between these parameters, the authors suggest the application of such an animal model to atherogenesis. PMID- 7247987 TI - Permeability in atherosclerosis- an artefact with Evan's blue staining. PMID- 7247988 TI - Genetic difference in the sympathetic nervous activity and susceptibility to atherosclerosis in pigeon. AB - Norepinephrine (NE) accumulation, dose response to NE and NE content were studied in the aortas of White Carneau (WC) and Show Racer (SR) pigeons in order to determine if a correlation exists between the atherosclerosis susceptibility of WC and atherosclerosis resistance of SR with the degree of sympathetic nerve ending activity. In addition, the age factor was included by comparing results in 4-14 month-old and 5-year-old animals. NE accumulation by abdominal aorta samples from SR pigeons of both age groups and by thoracic segments from 5-year-old SR was significantly higher than that by WC pigeon samples. The difference in NE accumulation had lower P-values in older than in younger pigeons. Maximal contraction of SR abdominal aorta was significantly higher than that of WC samples. The ED50 to exogenous NE decreased with age in both strains but the decrease was statistically significant only in WC strain. Finally, NE content of abdominal aorta segments was significantly higher in SR than in WC pigeons. Ne content of thoracic aorta did not differ in the 2 strains. The results complement our previous work indicating that sympathetic nerve endings in the vessel wall may have a trophic influence which modulates the metabolic pattern of the arteries. Thus, atherosclerosis and perhaps age, are related degenerative vascular changes associated with reduced indices of sympathetic activity. PMID- 7247989 TI - Effects of etiroxate on low density and high density lipoproteins in hypercholesterolemic patients. AB - Six female patients with a primary hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa received 40 mg/day etiroxate for 2 months. Serum lipids, low density and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, the apolipoproteins B and A-I, and cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I in ultracentrifuged HDL2 and HDL3 were analysed before and after the treatment. Etiroxate caused a significant reduction in serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and serum apolipoprotein B. Concerning the HDL, there was a significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol. The analysis of HDL subfractions revealed a uniform fall in HDL2-cholesterol and HDL2-apolipoprotein A-I. It is concluded that detailed information about lipoproteins leads to a better understanding of the relationships between drug treatment and the possible prevention of atherosclerotic diseases. PMID- 7247990 TI - Serum cholesterol levels in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia confirmed by tissue culture. AB - Sixty-two subjects from 23 families were evaluated by serum lipid analyses and tissue culture biochemistry in skin fibroblasts. In 53 cases from 19 families with proven familial hypercholesterolemia (FHC), fibroblast cultures were successful. In 45 of these cases (85%) the clinical diagnosis of hyper- or normocholesterolemia was in accordance with the tissue culture findings. Four patients 2-38 years old, had hypercholesterolemia but normal tissue culture results. Four patients, 18-44 years old, had normal serum cholesterol levels for their age and sex, but were heterozygotes according to tissue culture results. In the remaining four families only the propositus had hypercholesterolemia. All members of the families including the propositus had normal tissue culture determinations indicating that not all cases of idiopathic hypercholesterolemia are due to the Goldstein-Brown mechanism of defective LDL receptor function. PMID- 7247992 TI - Allopurinol amelioration of the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction in rats. AB - Adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to an acute and massive myocardial infarct with isoproterenol. Some of the animals were treated with the anti-hyperuricemic agent, allopurinol, either before or during the induction of myocardial infarction. Autopsy of animals at hourly and daily intervals demonstrated that treatment with allopurinol provided protection against the untoward pathophysiologic changes which attend this kind of experimental infarct. Allopurinol was anti-arrhythmic and caused improved myocardial repair accompanied by reduced fluctuations in circulating CPK, SGOT, SGPT, LDH, and myoglobin. Changes in blood lipids, glucose, and BUN suggests that allopurinol exerts some of its myocardial protective effects through its positive influence on protein metabolism. Allopurinol appears to alter adrenal steroidogenesis which may also play a role in the myocardial salutary effects of this drug. PMID- 7247993 TI - Effect of ascorbic acid on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in healthy young women. AB - Plasma total cholesterol triglycerides, and lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL, LDL, HDL) were studied in 13 normal young female volunteers (21-28 yr) given 1 g/day ascorbic acid for 4 weeks under conditions of constant body weight and dietary stability. The results are negative and indicate that ascorbate treatment had no effect on plasma lipids or lipoproteins cholesterol. PMID- 7247994 TI - Arterial influx of esterified cholesterol from two plasma lipoprotein fractions and its hydrolysis in vivo in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. AB - Arterial influx of esterified cholesterol from 2 plasma lipoprotein fractions, d less than 1.019 and d greater than 1.019, and influx of plasma free cholesterol were determined in each of 15 hypercholesterolemic rabbits with approximately the same plasma cholesterol concentrations but with different extents of arterial lesions. The procedure consisted of injecting intravenously into recipient rabbits [14C]- or [3H]cholesterol-labeled lipoproteins prepared from donor rabbits. The esterified cholesterol of one lipoprotein fraction was labeled primarily with one isotope and that of the other lipoprotein fraction was labeled with the other isotope. Thoracic aortas were removed 4-6 h after lipoprotein injections. The arterial influx of esterified cholesterol was up to 50 times higher in rabbits with maximal lesions than in those with minimal cholesterol deposits. the arterial influx of cholesteryl ester derived from d less than 1.019 lipoproteins was about equal to that derived from the d greater than 1.019 fraction. The amount of cholesteryl ester in plasma d less than 1.019 was approximately 3 times that in d greater than 1.019. Thus, per unit of cholesteryl ester concentration the d less than 1.019 lipoproteins delivered about 1/3 as much cholesteryl ester to the artery as the lipoproteins in the higher density fractions. some 5-40% of plasma esterified cholesterol which had entered the artery was hydrolyzed in the artery during the experimental period. The influx of free cholesterol that could not be accounted for by the influx of intact plasma lipoproteins was 5-80% of the free cholesterol influx. This excess probably represents free cholesterol influx by an exchange between the plasma lipoproteins and the intimal surface of the artery. PMID- 7247991 TI - Type IIA hyperlipoproteinemic sera decrease the synthesis of hyaluronic acid by cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells. AB - The synthesis of sulphated glucosaminoglycans (S-GAGs) and hyaluronic acid (HA) by cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) was measured in the presence of sera from type IIA hyperlipoproteinemic patients (7 males and 6 females) and their age- and sex-matched controls. Experiments with pooled sera showed that type IIA and control sera differed in their effects on the synthesis of GAGs at high serum concentrations with preincubation times of 24 and 48 h. Therefore, individual sera were tested at 15% with 24 h preincubation. Type IIA sera decreased the synthesis of HA by 21% (P less than 0.001) but had no significant effect on sulphated GAGs. The ratio of sulphated GAGs to Ha was higher in the presence of type IIA sera than control sera. The incorporation of thymidine, the number of cells and the amount of DNA did not differ in cultures incubated with type IIA and control sera. Early human and experimental atherosclerotic lesions are known to have an increased sulphated GAGs to HA ratio. Our results suggest that one explantation for the association between type IIA hyperlipoproteinemia and an increased risk for atherosclerosis is the disturbance in the proportions of hyaluronic acid and sulphated GAGs synthesized by arterial SMC. PMID- 7247995 TI - Relationships of gender, sex hormone use, and age with lipoprotein cholesterol/triglyceride ratios in an adult population. The Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone Company health survey. AB - Effects of gender, sex hormone use, and age on lipoproteins composition have been evaluated in 603 Caucasian subjects, ages 20-59, randomly selected from employees participating in the Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone Company Health Survey. Lipoprotein composition in this analysis is defined as the cholesterol to triglyceride (C/TG) ratio in each lipoprotein fraction. The lipoprotein C/TG ratio is inversely related to the lipoprotein triglyceride concentrations in VLDL, LDL and HDL; the ratio falling in each instance as lipoprotein triglyceride concentration increases. Plots of this relationship are virtually superimposable among women hormone users and nonusers and men in VLDL and HDL and between men and nonhormone taking women in LDL. A consistently lower C/TG ratio is observed in LDL for hormone-treated women compared to the other 2 groups. Age in these analysis is without effect. CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that a lower LDL (C/TG) ratio is hormone-treated women may render the lipoprotein less crystalline or smectic and potentially less atherogenic. No such difference exists in the lipoprotein C/TG ratio between men and nonhormone-treated women and therefore cannot explain the observed difference in atherosclerosis sick. Nonetheless, the C/TG ratios may predict atherosclerosis if the ratio is high in VLDL or in LDL. However, the significance of the HLD (C/TG) ratio remains to be established. PMID- 7247996 TI - Interaction of aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells in culture. Effect on glycosaminoglycan levels. AB - Co-cultivation of various intra- and interspecific combinations of pig and rat aortic endothelial cells (AEC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) resulted in a marked increase in hyaluronic acid (HA) levels, a smaller but significant increase in sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAG), and an increase in the HA/sulphated GAG ratio, compared with the separate culture of the two cell types. Culture of SMC in AEC-conditioned medium produced similar changes in GAG levels whereas SMC conditioned medium had no effect on AEC GAG levels. These results add further support for the concept that epithelial cells in general can modulate the GAG composition of adjacent connective tissue and thereby influence its morphological and physiological properties. It is suggested that the normal amounts, types and distribution of GAG in the arterial wall, and especially in the intima, may be partly dependent on interaction between the endothelium and SMC. It is further suggested that injury to endothelium, with a consequent failure in this interaction, could lead directly to changes in intimal GAG composition that contribute to lesion development. PMID- 7247997 TI - Serum lipids and lipoprotein concentrations in young quadriplegic patients. AB - Serum lipids and lipoproteins were investigated in 10 young quadriplegic patients. All received intermittently a liquid formula diet via a naso-gastric tube, consisting of 2900 calories/day. The polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio was 1.1 : 1. Their mean body weight was 70% of the ideal body weight. The results were compared to a control group receiving a diet containing 2600 calories per day, and the polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio was 0.9 : 1. Their mean body weight was 95% of the ideal body weight. In the quadriplegic group the serum HDL-cholesterol levels and linoleic acid content of cholesterol ester were reduced. Similar findings have been observed in patients with coronary disease. PMID- 7247998 TI - Effect of CH-1243, a pyrido (1,2-a) pyrimidine derivative on the elevated activity of lysosomal enzymes of rabbit aorta and liver in experimental atherosclerosis. AB - The effect of CH-123 (3-carbethoxy-6-methyl-1-9-(carboxy-methyl)-1-4-oxo-6,7,8,9 tetrahydro-4H-pyrid o(1,2a)pyrimidine) was investigated on the activity of 4 lysosomal enzymes: beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase obtained from aortic smooth muscle and liver cells of rabbits. Animals were fed on a 2% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks and used an experimental atherosclerotic group. In drug-treated groups, after 4 weeks of cholesterol feeding the diet was changed to regular food and the animals were treated daily either with 50 mg/kg CH-123 or with 250 mg/kg Clofibrate. The postnuclear supernatant of homogenates of liver and aortic cells was isolated, lysosomes were fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and the activity of enzymes was measured. In cholesterol-fed animals the enzyme activities of aorta and liver was 3-5 times higher than in the control, i.e. in the group of rabbits fed regular food. On Clofibrate treatment the enzyme activities were 2-3 times higher, but on treatment with CH-123, they were only 1.2-1.8 times above the control. Experiments suggest that CH-123 treatment suppresses the elevated lysosomal marker enzyme activities in aortic and liver cells of atherosclerotic animals. PMID- 7247999 TI - Bile acid kinetics, steroid balance and biliary lipids in hyperlipoproteinaemia type III. AB - Bile acid kinetics, steroid balance and biliary lipid composition were studied in 8 patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) type III (broad-beta-disease). As a general finding the formation of bile acids exceeded the range encountered in normolipidaemic subjects, but the mean net steroid balance remained normal. On the basis of previous findings of a close correlation between the synthesis of VLDL-triglycerides and bile acids in other types of HPL it is suggested that HPL type III may be associated with an enhanced VLDL production. As a further indication of a disturbed cholesterol metabolism the bile was supersaturated with cholesterol in al subjects. PMID- 7248000 TI - Flux of plasma lipoproteins into human arterial intima. Comparison between grossly normal and atheromatous intima. AB - Arterial specimens were obtained from 12 patients during arterial repair surgery and 3 patients during nephrectomy following a bolus injection of autologous radio iodinated very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) up to 30 h before surgery. Radioactivity in apoprotein B (apo B) was determined in lipoprotein fractions isolated from saline extracts of washed intima in the density ranges less than 1.006 g/ml, 1.006-1.019 g/ml and 1.019-1.063 g/ml [intimal VLDL, intermediate (IDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), respectively]. Specific radioactivity of apo B was measured in corresponding plasma protein fractions. In atheromatous intima, minimum influx rates of VLDL-apo B [12.1 +/- 4.3 (SEM) ng . cm-1 . h-1] and IDL-apo B (13.6 +/- 5.1) over 24 h were significantly higher than fluxes of VLDL-apo B (1.2 +/- 0.34) and IDL-apo B (1.4 +/- 1.1) into normal intima (P less than 0.05). Minimum influx rate of LDL-apo B was also significantly higher in atheromatous intima (196 +/- 39) compared with normal intima (25.8 +/- 13.5, P less than 0.01) and was 16-18 fold higher than corresponding VLDL- and IDL-apo B fluxes in both types of intima. Collagenase digestion of intimal samples after saline extraction yielded further significant mass of VLDL but this fraction had little radioactivity compared with saline extractable VLDL. PMID- 7248001 TI - Plasma and hepatic cholesterol and hepatic HMG CoA reductase levels in rats fed fluid or powdered skim milk. AB - The effects of skim milk powder (SMP) and fluid skim milk (FSM) on plasma cholesterol (CH) and hepatic liquid concentrations, and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase activity of rats of different ages were compared. Groups of young (23 days old) and older (45 days old) rats were fed a casein -based diet and provided tap water; the casein-based diet and FSM as fluid source; or tap water and the casein diet into which SMP (25% by wt.) had been isocalorically incorporated. Plasma CH concentrations were determined at 0, 1.5, 3 and 5 wk, hepatic total lipid, triglyceride and CH at 5 wk. Half of each group were killed at wk 3 and the other half at wk 5 for determinations of HMG CoA reductase activity. Both FSM and SMP decreased plasma CH levels at 1.5 and 3 wk of feeding in the young rats; plasma CH concentrations of the older rats were not altered by either FSM or SMP. Both milk derivatives increased HMG CoA reductase activity at wk 3 and wk 5 in both ages of rat, whereas hepatic lipid levels were unchanged. In these experiments the effects of feeding FSM of SMP along with a casein-based diet were comparable and included an increase in HMB CoA reductase activity, no change in hepatic lipid levels, and a decrease in plasma CH; the latter response depended on the initial age of the rat. PMID- 7248002 TI - Furosemide-induced hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension and arterial lesions in nonarteriosclerotic and arteriosclerotic rats. AB - Male and female, Sprague-Dawley rats, with and without arteriosclerosis, were subjected to chronic treatment with furosemide for 4 weeks. Furosemide-treated rats manifested increased adrenal and kidney weights along with an increase in blood pressure; rats with pre-existing arteriosclerosis showed considerable reduction in heart and body weights. Furosemide-treated animals displayed an increase in circulating levels of creatine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, free fatty acids, glucose, BUN and uric acid. Circulating levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and corticosterone were subnormal, whereas aldosterone was distinctly elevated. Despite these metabolic derangements, de novo arterial disease did not appear in virgin rats without pre-existing arterial disease. However, furosemide-treated virgin rats did develop grossly visible apical and left-ventricular foci of myocardial necrosis, i.e., 12% in males, 9% in female virgins. Breeder rats with pre-existing arteriosclerosis manifested exacerbation of their arterial disease, e.g., intimal calcification of the epicardial coronary arteries along with foci of myocardial fibrosis and islet beta-cell granule depletion. Adrenocortical lipid alterations appeared in all animals treated with furosemide. It is suggested that this spectrum of metabolic and histopathologic degenerative changes may have been caused by secondary aldosteronism due to the chronic treatment with furosemide. PMID- 7248004 TI - The size of endothelial cells in the rabbit thoracic aorta. PMID- 7248003 TI - Immune injury and atheroma in rodents. PMID- 7248005 TI - The "skinny" needle: percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in a community hospital. PMID- 7248006 TI - Production of clones of homozygous diploid zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio). AB - Homozygous diploid zebra fish have been produced on a large scale by the application of simple physical treatments. Clones of homozygous fish have been produced from individual homozygotes. These clones and associated genetic methods will facilitate genetic analyses of this vertebrate. PMID- 7248007 TI - [Giant cell arteries with mesenteric localization. Case report]. PMID- 7248008 TI - [The child with convulsions]. PMID- 7248009 TI - Evaluation of the jackknife technique for fitting multiexponential functions to biochemical data. PMID- 7248010 TI - [Indication, technic and problems with external fixation of injured extremities]. PMID- 7248011 TI - Anticipatory guidance for classroom conduct and learning problems. AB - Many children have learning and conduct problems due to developmental delays that are long lasting and cannot at present be cured. Within the natural history of these disorders a series of critical junctures normally arises. Informed anticipatory guidance by the physician at those times can forestall serious negative secondary effects on the child's personality development and on the family dynamics. PMID- 7248012 TI - Resistance differences between blood and crystalloid cardioplegic solutions with myocardial cooling. PMID- 7248013 TI - Comparison of cyclic loading versus constant compression in the treatment of long bone fractures in rabbits. AB - The strengths of healing long-bone fractures treated in two different mechanical environments were compared using a rabbit experimental model. Constant compression was applied to one healing tibial fracture, while the other was subjected to cyclic compression. At six weeks of healing, the group of tibial fractures treated with cyclic loading exhibited significantly higher torque and energy absorption to failure and lower stiffness than their pair-mates treated with constant compression. No statistically significant differences were detected at four or eight weeks of healing, although there was a suggestion that compression-treated bones may be stronger in the earlier phases of healing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This experiment suggests that the requirements for rapid fracture-healing may vary with the stage of healing; that is, rigid immobilization applied during the initial stages of healing followed by intermittent compression during later stages. PMID- 7248015 TI - [Studies on abnormal lipid metabolism in diabetes mellitus--with special correlation between lipoperoxide, HDL-cholesterol and LCAT-- (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248014 TI - [Improvement of abnormal glucose tolerance after resection of meningioma in a case of Werner's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248016 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis in middle-aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 7248018 TI - [Subcutaneous lumbosacral lipomas]. PMID- 7248019 TI - [Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. A nosocomial infection with secondary spread]. PMID- 7248017 TI - [Pain experience and pain reactions]. PMID- 7248020 TI - [Bulk laxatives]. PMID- 7248021 TI - An evaluation of the CODABAR symbol in blood-banking automation. AB - The CODABAR system has been used in blood banking automation since 1976 when it was introduced by 16 blood centers and transfusion services throughout the United States in a test program coordinated by the American Blood Commission Committee for Commonality in Blood Banking Automation. Since then CODABAR has been used in sample identification on Groupamatic and Technicon automated blood-typing equipment, in the labeling of blood products and in their distribution. It is widely used by a number of blood centers in the United States and has been adopted by the 14 regional blood centers in the United Kingdom, as well as blood centers in Switzerland, the Netherlands and Japan. Some properties of the CODABAR symbol that are relevant to the high accuracy requirements of blood banking are described and preliminary test data are presented. PMID- 7248023 TI - The strategy of leprosy treatment : a personal view. PMID- 7248022 TI - Recommendations of the task force on record-keeping and blood distribution systems. AB - The objectives of an automated donor record system are reviewed and recommendations as to file content and structure of a computer-based system are outlined. Four sections are suggested, data related to donor identification, demography, date of last donation and special services requirements. Alternative means of data entry and donor-donation links are discussed as well as desirable capabilities of unit record and patient record systems. Two types of blood distribution systems are outlined, namely the reactive type where hospital blood bank inventories are replenished on demand and the predictive type where inventory requirements are predicted in advance and inventories are replenished on a fixed, previously agreed on schedule. PMID- 7248024 TI - The effect of radiocalcium (45Ca) on the intestine of Indian desert gerbil (Meriones hurrianae, Jerdon). PMID- 7248025 TI - Recent advances in antiglaucoma drugs. PMID- 7248026 TI - [Homozygotes for the HLA antigen B27 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248027 TI - [Rare congenital anomaly of the biliary tract--long and tortuous cystic duct in a 9-year-old girl]. PMID- 7248028 TI - [Evaluation of colloidal radioactive chromium phosphate retention in the articular exudates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248029 TI - All in the family: matrimonial mitral valve clicks. AB - Mitral valve clicks with or without late systolic murmurs were detected in genetically unrelated marital partners of 5 families. The first family represented 2 successive nonconsanguineous marital unions with 3 generations of mitral valve clicks. The second family included 1 natural and 2 adopted children with clinical and echographic evidence of mitral valve prolapse. The third family was comprised of asymptomatic parents, both with nonejection clicks and mitral valve prolapse, whose daughter presented 3 years previously with syncope, palpitations, and combined mitral and tricuspid valve prolapse. The fourth family had 3 members with auscultatory and ultrasonic manifestations of billowing mitral valve, whereas the fourth member had "silent mitral valve prolapse." The fifth family represented a mother with auscultatory and echographic evidence of mitral valve prolapse; her 14-year-old daughter had both mitral and tricuspid valve prolapse, whereas the son had a bicuspid aortic valve. Both children were products of a prior marriage, and her husband has symptomatic mitral valve prolapse. We conclude that matrimonial mitral valve prolapse probably reflects the purported (6--10%) prevalence of this disorder in the general population. The consequences of such marital union on progeny is currently unclear and warrants future investigation. PMID- 7248030 TI - [Chondroma rodens in a dog (author's transl)]. AB - A description of a case of oral chondroma rodens in a dog is given. The tumor was found when five years' specimens of bone tumors were reevaluated. The tumor which had been removed from the oral cavity of a 10 year old female German shepherd consisted of fibroblast like cells which modified to chondrocytes giving the tumor tissue a configuration of island of calcified cartilage embedded in fibrous tissue. The tumor is compared to six other described cases known by the authors. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 7248031 TI - The effect of mesencephalic lesions on tyramine and dopamine in the caudate nucleus of the rat. PMID- 7248032 TI - Practical considerations for approximating relative risk by the standardized mortality ratio. AB - The standardized mortality ratio is a widely used and often criticized summary statistic for studies of occupational mortality. In this paper the authors discuss practical conditions under which relative risk can reasonably be approximated by the standardized mortality ratio. When the true relative risk is greater than 100%, the standardized mortality ratio overestimates relative risk no matter how small the mortality rates or how short the age bands utilized in the analysis. However, when the excessive mortality is consistent across the age bands, the standardized mortality ratio can usefully approximate relative risk for some applications, such as those involving site-specific cancers, providing the age bands employed are not too large. PMID- 7248035 TI - [Coronary artery disease]. PMID- 7248033 TI - [Clinical features, epidemiology and control of endemic fluorosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248034 TI - Lactic acidosis, a complication of papaverine overdose. AB - A 61-year-old female developed severe lactic acidosis after ingesting approximately 15 g of papaverine. This was associated with intense respiratory alkalosis, elevated plasma pyruvate, mild hyperglycemia, and hypokalemia. Severe lactic acidosis with elevated plasma pyruvate level and profound respiratory drive observed in this patient can be explained by the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative reactions by papaverine. The clinical and biochemical features of papaverine-induced acid-base disturbance closely resemble those caused by salicylates, another known mitochondrial toxin. PMID- 7248036 TI - Effects of isoprenaline treatment on the rat liver parenchyma. Ultrastructural investigations. AB - Ultrastructural modifications of liver cells were studied in adult rats treated with high doses of isoprenaline for 8 days and subsequently sacrificed at various times up to 25 days from the beginning of treatment. The most evident changes were observed at the earliest times after the end of treatment. They involved both the nucleus (changes in shape and chromatin organization) and cytoplasmic organelles such as the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, the latter exhibiting marked dilation and increase, while glycogen generally appeared to be decreased. At later times after the end of treatment, these changes tended to disappear, while there was an increase of peroxisomes and particularly of lysosomes, which exhibited a clearly polymorphic pattern. PMID- 7248037 TI - [Latissimus dorsi transplantation in restoration of elbow flexion or extension and finger flexion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248038 TI - [Surgical treatment of intrahepatic biliary duct stones complicated by stricture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248039 TI - [New method for the determination of the melting point of suppositories made of adeps solidus base]. PMID- 7248042 TI - [Bilateral malignant pseudochromaffinoma]. PMID- 7248041 TI - [Classification of opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 7248040 TI - Blood flow in normal and acutely ischemic myocardium after verapamil, diltiazem and nisoldipine (Bay k 5552), a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist. PMID- 7248044 TI - FDA sees no radiation risk in VDT screens. PMID- 7248043 TI - Serum DBH and platelet MAO in patients with depressive disorders. AB - Km and V of serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and platelet monoamine-oxidase (MAO) were determined in the depressive and manic state as well as after recovery in patients with affective psychoses and in the depressive state of patients with neurotic depression. DBH and MAO values were measured also in age- and sex matched controls. The Km and V values of each enzyme failed to differ between patients and healthy controls or between patients during and after an episode of illness. The ratio of V of serum DBH (tyramine as substrate) tended to be lower in patients independent of their psychopathological state than in controls. The findings fail to support the notion that characteristics of the peripheral enzymes measured provides a reliable indicator of a biological disposition to depression, but are consistent with the notion that the balance of monoamine may play a role in certain psychopathological states. PMID- 7248046 TI - Special devices and equipment for the visually impaired diabetic. PMID- 7248045 TI - Preventive effect of Propionibacterium acnes on metastasis in mice rendered tolerant to tumor-associated transplantation antigens. AB - The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) on metastasis formation of C3H/He mice which has been rendered tolerant to tumor-associated transplantation antigen (TATA) of syngeneic X5563 plasmacytoma. C3H/He mice inoculated intravenously (iv) with 10(6) 7000 R X-irradiated X5563 tumor cells 3 times at 4-day intervals. These pretreated mice could not develop immune resistance against X5563 tumor even after the appropriate immunization procedure. In these TATA-tolerant mice, enhanced metastasis associated with the development of visually apparent metastatic nodules in the spleens was observed after intradermal (id) implantation with viable tumor cells, even if the tumor was resected surgically 7 days thereafter. Administration of P. acnes to these TATA-tolerant mice appreciably reduced the metastasis formation. Although the growth of the id primary tumor was not affected by injection with P. acnes, the combined treatment of surgical resection of the primary tumor and P. acnes administration resulted in complete protection against metastasis in TATA-tolerant mice. These results unequivocally demonstrated that the administration of P. acnes is effective for preventing the outbreak of metastasized tumors, which are readily inducible in the TATA-tolerant state. PMID- 7248047 TI - Mitral valve prolapse syndrome in anxiety neurosis. PMID- 7248048 TI - Hand-washing patterns in medical intensive-care units. PMID- 7248049 TI - Benzo(alpha)pyrene quinones can be generated by lipid peroxidation and are conjugated with glutathione by glutathione S-transferase b from rat liver. PMID- 7248051 TI - [Polypoid pseudosarcomatous carcinoma. Histogenesis with evidence of myofibroblastic response (author's tranls)]. AB - Three polypoid pseudosarcomatous carcinomas (PPSC) of the oesophagus, larynx, and urinary bladder were studied by electron microscopy to determine their histogenesis and the cellular associations which might contribute to their relative clinical benignity. In addition to a polypoid, exophytic growth, the three shared similar light microscopy features : surface ulceration, a minimal invasive epithelial component and prominent spindle-cell proliferation in association with reticulin and collagen. Three cell types were identified ultrastructurally : 1. - spindle and polygonal cells demonstrating tonofilaments and plasma membrane specialization, denoting an epithelial origin; 2. - cells identical to the first type, but with cytoplasm containing intracellular collagen ; and 3. - myofibroblasts characterized by a rough endoplasmic reticulum, prominent Golgi complexes and well formed bundles of myofilaments. The latter constituted the principal cellular component of the tumors. These findings demonstrate that the stroma of the PPSC is dominated by myofibroblasts, which probably synthesized much of the collagen associated with these neoplasms. It is suggested that the myofibroblasts signify an expression of host reactivity to the invasive carcinoma and constitute a beneficial response which contains and restricts local and vascular invasion by neoplastic cells, this contributing to the relative benignity of the neoplasms. PMID- 7248050 TI - Synthesis of metabolic intermediates of diethylstilbestrol. AB - This report details the synthesis of 1) 3,4,4'-trihydroxy-alpha, alpha'-diethyl trans-stilbene; 2) 3,4-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-trans-3-hexenol; 3) 3,4-bis-(p hydroxyphenyl)-2,4-cis,cis-hexadienol; 4) 3,4-bis-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydrophenyl) trans-3-hexene; 5) 3,4-bis-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-trans-3-hexene. These compounds are suspected metabolites of diethylstilbestrol. PMID- 7248052 TI - [X - linked copper malabsorption (trichopoliodystrophy, Menkes' disease). Anatomical and neurochemical study of a case (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a clinically typical case of trichopoliodystrophy (Menkes' disease) ; Neuropathological studies showed classical alterations, particularly irregular thickenings of Purkinje cell dendrites, and some less usual modifications : presence of an ectopic neuronal layer in the cerebellar molecular layer, suggestive of Obersteiner cells stopped in their progression ; normal appearance of myelin and elastic structures of systemic arteries. Ultrastructural studies showed some calcic concretions in mitochondria of hepatocytes and Purkinje cells, and lamellar structures in the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells, probably of ergastoplasmic origin. The activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH, or norepinephrine synthesising enzyme) and of phenylethanolamine - N methyltransferase (PNMT, or epinephrine synthesising enzyme) was studied in 22 samples of brain stem. Activity was reduced in 3 samples, and increased in 4 : 6 of these 7 samples were from structures involved in cardiovascular and respiratory control. These results suggest the existence of a central vegetative neuropathy, which could explain the cardiovascular and respiratory disturbances sometimes reported in Menkes' disease ; but this neurochemical study gave no account of the sleep organization alterations of the patient. PMID- 7248053 TI - [Carcinoma of the pancreas with amyloid stroma and calcitonin secretion : ultrastructural study (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of anaplastic carcinoma with amyloid stroma, accompanied by the secretion of calcitonin, detected in a cervical lymph node and initially interpreted as being a metastasis from a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. The actual pancreatic origin of the malignant tumour was proved only during the advanced stages. Ultrastructural study confirmed the endocrine nature of the tumour (neurosecretory granules). Despite its exceptional character, the existence of such a tumour is not surprising, if one accepts the concept of a diffuse endocrine system. PMID- 7248054 TI - Afferent properties of periarcuate neurons in macaque monkeys. I. Somatosensory responses. AB - The afferent properties of single neurons of the periarcuate cortex have been studied in the macaque monkey. Most of the recorded neurons responded to stimuli in one or two sensory modalities and, accordingly, they were classified as somatosensory, visual or bimodal (visual and somatosensory) neurons. Visual neurons were located rostral to the arcuate sulcus, whereas the somatosensory and the bimodal neurons were found predominantly caudal to this sulcus. Somatosensory neurons (n = 102) and bimodal neurons (n = 69) had identical somatic afferent properties. They were subdivided into 'tactile' neurons, 'joint' neurons and 'tactile and joint' neurons. 'Tactile' neurons (70%) had their receptive fields formed either by one or by two or more spatially separated responding areas. The parts of the body most represented were the hands and the mouth. 'Joint' neurons (10%) were activated by the rotation of one or, more often, of two or more articulations. The movement of the hand towards the mouth was the most frequently represented movement. 'Tactile and joint' neurons (20%) responded to both tactile and joint stimulation having receptive field locations and properties like those of the other two classes of neurons. Some 'joint' and 'tactile and joint' neurons had summing properties, i.e. their response to tactile or joint stimulation was conditional upon a simultaneous stimulation of another articulation. The data are interpreted as evidence in favor of the existence of an area in the agranular cortex that organizes the mouth and the hand to mouth movements. PMID- 7248055 TI - Afferent properties of periarcuate neurons in macaque monkeys. II. Visual responses. AB - The visual response of single neurons of the periarcuate cortex have been studied in the macaque monkey. Two sets of neurons responding to visual stimuli have been found. The first set, located rostral to the arcuate sulcus, was formed by units that could be activated by stimuli presented far from the animal. These neurons had large receptive fields and were neither orientation nor direction selective. The second set, found predominantly caudal to the arcuate sulcus, was formed by units that were maximally or even exclusively activated by stimuli presented in the space immediately around the animal. These neurons were bimodal, responding also to somatosensory stimuli. According to the location of their visual responding regions the bimodal neurons were subdivided into pericutaneous (54%) and distant peripersonal neurons (46%). The former responded best to stimuli presented a few centimeters from the skin, the latter to stimuli within the animal's reaching distance. The visual responding regions were spatially related to the tactile fields. It is argued that neurons with a receptive field consisting of several responding areas, some in one sensory modality, some in another, have a praxic function and that they are involved in organizing sequences of movements. PMID- 7248056 TI - The effects of unilateral frontal eye field lesions in the monkey: visual-motor guidance and avoidance behaviour. AB - Macaque monkeys were tested on a visual-motor guidance task and observations of avoidance behaviour were made following unilateral frontal eye field lesions. Visual-motor guidance was assessed by speed and accuracy of reaching to press recessed, illuminated buttons arrayed in a 90 degree arc in front of the monkey. Unilateral frontal eye field lesions produced a marked neglect of stimulus lights contralateral to the side of the lesions, as shown in greatly increased errors and response latencies. Responses to the most peripheral of the ipsilateral stimulus lights were also affected, although not to the same degree. Partial to complete recovery occurred, usually within a month. A unilateral lesion of the principal sulcus did not cause symptoms of neglect in the visual-motor guidance task. Section of the cerebral commissures partially restored the visual-motor guidance deficit in the frontal eye field-lesioned monkeys, with recovery again occurring. Commissurotomy and the unilateral frontal eye field lesion performed in a single-stage operation produced an initially more severe neglect than the two-stage operation, but recovery was no less rapid. The unilateral frontal eye field lesions resulted in a severe neglect of contralateral threat objects when the monkeys were threatened from both sides (avoidance-avoidance tests). Avoidance was normal when the threat was presented to one side. Commissurotomy fully restored the avoidance-avoidance deficit and made it permanent. These and other recent findings suggest that the contralateral visual field defect and the other symptoms resulting from frontal eye field lesions represent an impairment in directing and sustaining attention in regions of the visual field arising from disruption of a corticothalamotectal sensorimotor integration system. PMID- 7248058 TI - Pattern discrimination after unilateral and bilateral ablation of the occipital lobe in the rabbit. AB - Previous studies in rabbits have shown that a unilateral ablation of the occipital lobe leads to a severe impairment of the ability to discriminate striated patterns. Considerable retraining is required in order to reach the 90% correct level with the eye contralateral to the lesion. In the present study the effects of a unilateral and bilateral ablation are compared. It is concluded that the rudimentary ability to discriminate patterns with the eye contralateral to a unilateral ablation of the occipital lobe is mediated by the remaining ipsilateral cortical projection and not by subcortical structures. PMID- 7248057 TI - Learning impairments following selective kainic acid-induced lesions within the neostriatum of rats. AB - In two separate experiments, rats with kainic acid-induced lesions of the anteromedial (AMC) or ventrolateral (VLC) caudate nucleus were compared with controls on various discrete-trial maze and runway tasks: (a) the AMC lesion disrupted the direction but the degree of spontaneous bias in a T-maze, whereas the VLC disrupted the degree of bias but not its direction; (b) the AMC rats were impaired in the acquisition and reversal of a spatial position habit; (c) the VLC rats were impaired in runway extinction; (d) both lesion groups showed enhanced levels of activity when tested under the same conditions of food deprivation, but did not differ from controls when under free-feeding conditions. The histological analysis suggested that kainic acid does permit the selective lesioning of cell bodies in the neostriatum, whilst sparing fibres of passage. It was concluded that the results demonstrate functional heterogeneity within the neostriatum of rats, in direct agreement with the predictions of the 'prefrontal systems' hypothesis of Rosvold [48, 49]. PMID- 7248059 TI - A method of head restraint in unanesthetized cats by using frontal sinus. AB - Two stainless steel bolts were implanted and fixed parallel in the frontal sinus of cats with dental acrylic and screws. When unanaesthetized, the head was fixed to a frame by securing the bolts to an acrylic plate. This arrangement provides a quick, rigid and safe fixation of the head without any signs of discomfort. PMID- 7248061 TI - Abstracts of the annual general conference of the European Brain and Behaviour Society, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, November 13-15th, 1980. PMID- 7248060 TI - Membrane potential and input resistance of cat spinal motoneurons in wakefulness and sleep. AB - An approximation of the membrane resistance - input resistance - was measured with double-barrelled micropipettes in hindlimb motoneurons during wakefulness and the states of sleep in chronically implanted, restrained cats. During postural atonia in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, motoneurons had a sustained hyperpolarization of 5-8 mV and a 30% decrease in input resistance. There was little difference in membrane potential or input resistance between wakefulness and the other sleep states. The results directly support the hypothesis that motoneuron deactivation in REM sleep arises from active inhibition. PMID- 7248062 TI - Cognitive mapping in rats: the role of the hippocampal and frontal system in retention and reversal. AB - These experiments determined the extent to which the hippocampal system and the medial frontal cortex are selectively involved in cognitive mapping in spatial environments. Rats were trained to discriminate between two 3-dimensional objects based on either the location of the objects in the test environment, or on the stimulus characteristics of the objects themselves. Following the acquisition of one of these discrimination tasks, each rat was given a series of transfer tests to determine the extent to which a cognitive mapping strategy had been used to solve the task. Each rat was then given a lesion in the fimbria-fornix or the medial frontal cortex, or a control operation. In the location discrimination, rats with fimbria-fornix lesions, as compared to control rats: (a) performed poorly at the beginning of retention testing; (b) relearned the task to criterion performance; (c) performed normally during the transfer tests indicating that they used a cognitive mapping strategy, and (d) performed poorly in the discrimination reversals. In the object discrimination, these rats performed as well as controls during retention and transfer tests, but had a slight impairment during discrimination reversals. The performance of rats with lesions in the medial frontal cortex was worse than that of the controls during the retention of both discriminations, and during the reversal of the location, but not the object discrimination. These results are related to predictions of current theories implicating the hippocampus and medial frontal cortex in spatially organized behaviors, particularly those behaviors requiring cognitive mapping. PMID- 7248063 TI - Delayed-alternation performance after kainic acid lesions of the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus and the ventral tegmental area in the rat. AB - The relative importance of two subcortical structures, projecting to the rat's prefrontal cortex, in mediation of delayed-alternation performance, was tested. These structures, the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus and the ventral tegmental area, were lesioned with kainic acid after the rats had learned a spatial delayed alternation task. It was found that both structures are apparently involved to a similar degree in the performance of this task and that the behavior of both experimental groups differed from that of a sham-operated control group of rats. PMID- 7248064 TI - Unilateral ablation of telencephalon induces appearance of contralateral cortical and subcortical projections to thalamic nuclei. AB - This study sought to investigate the afferent connections of the thalamus in the rat following massive telencephalic lesions. After unilateral removal of the telencephalon, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the thalamic nuclei ipsilateral or, for control purposes, contralateral to the lesioned side. Injection of HRP into the ventral or posterior thalamus ipsilateral to the lesioned telencephalon led to retrograde transport and HRP-labeling of cells in unilateral projection areas in the cortex, diencephalon and mesencephalon and, in addition, unexpectedly, in their mirror-image sites in the hemisphere contralateral to the injected thalamus. HRP-positive cells in the contralateral hemisphere were found whenever HRP was injected 7 days postlesion, when the animals had ceased to exhibit spontaneous turning behavior, but not when it was injected immediately after the lesion. We favor the hypothesis that the development of contralateral afferents to the thalamic nuclei represents a morphological substrate of the behavioral reorganization necessitated by the asymmetrical removal of the telencephalon. PMID- 7248065 TI - Performance of decorticated rats in a two-choice visual discrimination apparatus. AB - Normal rats and rats with 98.8% (S.D. +/- 1.4) of neocortex surgically removed were trained in a two-choice discrimination apparatus for food reward. The animals were first trained to run the apparatus with identical non-patterned goal box doors followed by discrimination and reversal training using horizontal and vertical striped panels attached to the doors. These patterned stimuli were matched for total luminous flux and contour length and control procedures were included for unintended discriminative cues from other sensory modalities. The two groups did not differ in the number of trials taken to complete preliminary training but the decorticates were significantly faster at running the apparatus than the normals. All animals solved the visual discrimination and were able to reverse it. There were no significant differences between the groups in trials taken to acquire the visual discrimination except at the very highest criterion levels employed, though reversal of the discrimination was more difficult for the lesioned group. The preliminary training data are taken as further evidence that total decortication does not necessarily impair instrumental performance for food reward and that this lesion does not introduce any limiting sensory or motor deficit in the alleyway situation. It would also appear that neocortex is not essential for the solution of a horizontal/vertical stripe problem. It is not clear, however, that such a solution necessarily depends on a true pattern discrimination, and both lesioned and normal animals may have been employing strategies based on local cues within the two patterned stimuli. The appropriateness of the total decorticate preparation for a resolution of the problem of cortical vs subcortical substrates of residual vision following visual cortex lesions is discussed. The possibility that undamaged neocortical tissue remaining after visual cortex lesions may inhibit the full expression of residual subcortical function is raised by these data. PMID- 7248067 TI - Primate phonation: unilateral and bilateral cingulate lesion effects. AB - Four juvenile Macaca mulatta were trained on a multiple schedule to perform discriminative vocalization and lever press tasks. Sequential unilateral and bilateral lesions of the anterior cingulate gyrus were made with testing of vocalization and lever press at each stage. Performance of the two behavioral tasks was assessed in terms of total responses, latency, efficiency and error index. Unilateral damage had a profound effect on vocal performance in one monkey. There was a significant deficit in total vocal responses and an increase of vocal response latency. No such impairment occurred from equivalent damage in the 3 remaining animals, despite comparable lesions. None of the 4 suffered changes in discriminative lever press following unilateral lesions. The second lesion (producing bilateral damage) had little further effect on the animal that exhibited an initial deficit from a unilateral insult. In contrast, this step in the remaining monkeys produced latency and total vocal response scores that approximated the scores obtained from the monkey with a single, unilateral hemisphere lesion. The evidence indicates there is lateral asymmetry in vocal mechanisms involving anterior cingulate cortex. This may be related to the hemisphere controlling the preferred hand. The principal effect of anterior cingulate damage involves impaired response initiation. PMID- 7248068 TI - [Epidemiology of tetanus in Italy. Compulsory active preventive measures for the general population]. AB - Tetanus mortality in Italy shows a constant and significant decrease after the second World War period. In particular, it is diminished the male mortality for the ages between 20 and 60 yrs, with inversion of the M/F rate. Morbidity rates show a similar pattern since 1955 when notification of new cases of tetanus became compulsory. Active prophylaxis policy against tetanus includes compulsory vaccination of the draftees (since 1939 and '40), of high risk workers and athletes (since 1963), and of all newborns in their second year of life (since 1968). Subsequent booster vaccine administrations are performed every four years. A law which anticipates the start of the vaccination at the third month of life is going to be approved. Epidemiological considerations, data from literature and experimental data suggest the opportunity of further modifications. PMID- 7248066 TI - Influence of rearing conditions on the acquisition of the two-way active avoidance responses by rats septalectomized at an early age. AB - When performed in the adult 3-month old rat, septal lesions facilitated the acquisition of a two-way active avoidance (AA) task as compared to animals sham operated at the same age. When performed in the 7-day-old rat pup, the same lesion also clearly facilitated the 2-way AA acquisition by the rats when adult and, more especially so, when the rats were isolation-reared from weaning. The performances of these early-septal rats reared in isolation did not differ from those of rats septalectomized at adult age, while the performances of the early septal rats that had been group-reared from weaning proved to be lower than that of adult-operated rats, with regard to both number of shocks avoided and mean response latencies in the initial phase of acquisition. The improvement of the 2 way AA acquisition following septal lesion may result from an increased responsiveness to aversive stimulation and this responsiveness may be enhanced if the early-septal rats are reared in isolation from weaning. PMID- 7248069 TI - [The epidemiologic trend in tetanus in Lombardy]. AB - The AA have examined the epidemiological trend of tetanus in the Region Lombardy, Italy, from 1976 to 1979. Data were obtained both from the notification forms for infectious diseases and from the admission/discharge forms obtained from the hospitals. Sex and age of patients, as well as profession and disease outcome, were considered. Tetanus in Lombardy prevails among older women, whose death to cases ratio is about 50%. Operational plans for attempting tetanus eradication in Lombardy are finally illustrated. PMID- 7248071 TI - [Prevalence of tetanus toxin antibodies in the population of Genoa in relation to age and sex]. AB - Antitetanus toxin antibodies were measured, by means of the passive haemagglutination in the sera of 739 Genoese subjects, distributed in the following age classes: 1-5, 6-12, 13-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70 and greater than or equal to 71 years. It has been possible to verify that subjects of both sexes, aged less than 12 years, have high titer antibodies, particularly the female subjects show, in comparison with their male contemporaries, higher amounts of antitoxin. Besides the latter resulted at consolidated protection levels in 48% of the males, between 13 and 30 years, while for the male subjects, aged between 31 and 60 years this percentage dropped to 22 and, lastly, to 4 for those aged beyond 61 years. Furthermore for females older than 31 years, it was impossible, except exceptionally, to detect the presence of antibodies at titers greater than or equal to 0.1 I.U./ml. PMID- 7248072 TI - [Immunity against the risk of tetanus in rural and urban populations]. PMID- 7248070 TI - [Prevalence of tetanus immunity in metal mechanical workers]. AB - The results of a seroepidemiological prevalence survey on the immune status against tetanus of steelmill workers (who, limited to the new work call ups, had to be vaccinated since 1968) are reported. We did not observe remarkable differences in protection against tetanus among those who had begun work before 1968 (46.4% protected) and after 1968 (53.5% protected). In both cases, the protective values were the result of immunization procedures that were performed exclusively in consequence of the military service and/or on the occasion of industrial accident and/or road accident or of accidents of other kinds. It appears, moreover, that the protection of workers against this disease is, nowadays, too often relying on serum prophylaxis, which was the only preventive measure adopted for over half of the workers. In the light of the reported data we need to enforce the existing legislative measures. PMID- 7248074 TI - [Current trends in the use of combined serum and vaccine in tetanus prevention]. AB - There is evidence that when plain tetanus toxoid is given at the same time as antitoxin, the response to the toxoid is inhibited. Good responses can be obtained when absorbed tetanus toxoid is used with non-human antitoxin, but there is evidence of an interval (10-15 days) between the end of passive immunization and the beginning of the active one. Using absorbed tetanus toxoid at the same time as human antitoxin there is complete absence of interference. Therefore simultaneous active and passive immunization (only using absorbed tetanus toxoid and human immunoglobulins) can be a practicable procedure in the treatment of persons liable to contract tetanus as a result of injury. PMID- 7248076 TI - [Persistence of antibody levels for 5, 10 or more years after tetanus vaccination and immunological response to a "booster" immunization]. AB - By means of the indirect haemagglutination test the rate of antitetanic antibodies in male individuals (532 subjects), vaccinated from 5 or more years has been estimated. According to the time elapsed from the last administration of the vaccine three groups have been formed: vaccinated from 5 to 10 years (353 subjects), from 11 to 15 years (133 subjects), from over 15 years (46 subjects). According to the previous vaccine history, the group, being considered, resulted as being composed of: 86% vaccinated with 3 doses, 13% vaccinated with 2 doses, while the vaccinated rate with 1 dose (8 men) appeared practically negligible. 79.0% of this population resulted as being completely protected (limit 0.1 I.U./ml) and 94.2% resulted as being protected at the minimum limit (0.01 I.U./ml) The number of those protected diminished as the time elapsed from the vaccination increased. Considering the limit 0.1 I.U./ml, there are values of 87.9% for the group 5-10 years, 80.1% for the group 11-15 years and 76.0% for the one of those over 15 years. Considering the limit 0.01 I.U./ml the above mentioned values result respectively equivalent to 95.3%; 94.1%; 87.0%. The administration of the booster has determined effective increases of the antibody rates; after one month from the inoculation the number of the non protected (less than 0.01 I.U./ml) appears completely nonexistent and the number of those protected at the minimum limit results contained in 1.2%. In conclusion we suggest the extension of the interval for the booster from 4 to 8-10 years as well as we suggest a review of the legislation which provides complete vaccination for all those who undertake a wide range of agricultural or industrial works prescinding completely, at the time of their engagement, from the state of immunity of the subjects to be treated. PMID- 7248077 TI - [Status of tetanus immunity at the age of 10 years as a function of the introduction of compulsory vaccination: study of a sample of schoolchildren in Genoa]. AB - Immunity to tetanus of 231 girls from Genoa, attending the last class of elementary school (average age 10) have been studied. According to the vaccination tables of the Public Health Service, these girls received a minimum of 4 to a maximum of 9 inoculations of vaccine (Diphtheria-Tetanus toxoid). The antitoxic antibodies have been titrated by passive-haemoagglutination method using antigen-coated lyophilized avian red cells. All subjects observed had high titer antitoxic antibodies. Comparing the antibodies titer with the time elapsed after the last vaccination, the result was that the average titer lowers progressively; the reduction becomes statistically significant after three years. All the 145 girls, who had 4 or 5 doses according to a regular calendar, had an antibody titer equal or major than 0.4 I.U./ml, after 5 years from the last dose. PMID- 7248075 TI - [Duration of tetanus immunity in relation to the number of doses of vaccine]. AB - A study of the duration of the immunity to tetanus, by means of the passive haemagglutination test, was undertaken in three groups of subjects immunized with two (primary immunization), three (basic immunization) and four (basic immunization with booster) does of DT. All the subjects of the first group, who had gone 9 months since their last dose, possessed antitoxin titers greater than or equal to 0.01 I.U./ml. Among the subjects of the second group within 12 months of the basic immunization course none had less than 0.01 I.U./ml, within 13-48 months 3% had less than 0.01 I.U./ml, within 49-72 months 9.7% had less than 0.01 I.U./ml and after 73 months 26.5% had less than 0.01 I.U./ml. No dependence on age at time of vaccination could be demonstrated. In the third group of subjects within 48 months of the immunization course with four doses none had less than 0.01 I.U./ml, after 48 months 11.1% had less than 0.01 I.U./ml. Interpolation of the data with the use of linear regression (y = a + bx), which better-fits in comparison with polynomial model (y = a + b1x + b2x2...+ bnxn) until the quartic term, pointed out the possibility that titer falls below the "alert level" (0.1 I.U./ml) and the protective threshold (0.01 I.U./ml): after 22 and 34 months for subjects of the first group; after 110 and 180 months for subjects of the second group and after 164 and 269 months for subjects of the third group. However, the presence of "poor" or "not responders" in the second group is not negligible and justifies the necessity that the first booster dose be given at five-year intervals. PMID- 7248073 TI - [Anti-tetanus vaccines, serums and immunoglobulins]. AB - Specific immunity to tetanus toxin is only artificially acquired and is provided by the presence in the blood and in the extravascular fluids of an IgG antibody passively administered or actively produced by the organism through vaccine injections. In the first case serum of human origin is now preferred to serum of animal origin due to the lack of major undesirable reactions and longer duration of protection (about 4 weeks versus 7-10 days). Tetanus toxoid is one of the most safe and potent known immunogens. For primary immunization adsorbed toxoid is given on two occasions at 2 months interval with a third reinforcing dose approximately one year after the second. The subsequent antitoxin response persists at protective level for at least 5 years and for a longer time (10 years about) after a booster. The ability to promptly react to a booster injection (immunological memory) is greatly long-lasting in persons who have previously received at least two doses. PMID- 7248078 TI - [Kinetics of tetanus antitoxin after administration of specific immunoglobulins]. AB - The antitoxin titer, at different time intervals from the administration of 250 I.U. of specific immunoglobulins, was determined by means of passive hemagglutination in the serum of 28 non-immune subjects, selected among the wounded hospitalized at a First Aid Station. The maximum titer of circulating antitoxin was reached in the majority of the cases, already after 6 hours. Twenty four hours after the inoculation, 62.5% of the treated subjects showed antibodies with a titer equal to, or higher than, 0.01 I.U./ml. Nine of the subjects, who showed antibodies, were monitored for 30 days. The level of tetanus antitoxin was not appreciably modified within the first 10 days. Between 11 and 20 days the titer, even though reduced on the average, remained above the minimum protective level of 0.01 I.U./ml, while after 21-30 days, this titer dropped under this value in three out of 6 subjects. PMID- 7248080 TI - [Medicolegal responsibility in the carrying out of active and passive prevention of tetanus]. AB - The problems relevant to the medico-legal responsibilities in the carrying out of the active and passive tetanus prophylaxis does not differ in the practice from that common to each sanitary measure, where the prophylactic treatment shows a "preventive therapeutic" character. As the antitetanus vaccinoprophylaxis belongs to the sanitary compulsory treatments, this stresses particular aspects of responsibility of the physicians and of the public authorities, to whom the task of performing the vaccinoprophylaxis is assigned. PMID- 7248079 TI - [Prevention of tetanus in emergency and first aid services. Technical and organizational criteria]. AB - The Authors emphasize the measures to be taken for tetanus prevention in an individually wounded patient. They have to be decided on the basis of: 1) A knowledge and understanding of the pathological process of tetanus; 2) The mode of action and limitations of the various preventive measures available; 3) The nature of the patient's wound; 4) The patient's history of tetanus immunization. The recommendations should therefore be regarded not as a set of hard and fast rules but as guidelines since, as with any scheme of general guidance on medical practice, they will not invariably cover the circumstances of all individual patients. In tetanus prevention it is of basic importance to establish and maintain active immunity by means of combined vaccines. Nevertheless, with availability of human tetanus immunoglobulins severe immunological reactions as anaphylactic shock are extremely unlike to occur. So that their use can be recommended in patients with tetanus prone wounds, who have not previously been given tetanus toxoid. PMID- 7248081 TI - [Reconsideration and updating of provisions and instructions for carrying out tetanus vaccinations and revaccinations]. PMID- 7248082 TI - [Tetanus immunity using passive hemagglutination in a hospitalized population]. PMID- 7248083 TI - [Status of tetanus immunity in a group of children in Liguria]. AB - By means of the passive hemagglutination test the antitetanus immunity in a group of 380 children, aged between 0 and 14 years, of various Italian regions, was ascertained. On the whole, 62.9% of the subjects showed a titer equal to, or higher than 1024, equivalent to 0.1 I.U./ml of antitoxin. In subjects younger than 2 years, this ratio is only 42.2%, thus showing a scanty protection in this age period. As far as the origin of the subjects is concerned, it turns out that, for the group of the Center-South the percentage of the children immunized in the younger ages is higher, unlike what occurs subsequently beyond 10 years when the highest ratio of unprotected subjects can be detected. The opportunity to immunize the mothers and to anticipate the age of the primovaccination for tetanus is set forth. PMID- 7248084 TI - [Epidemiological considerations on 289 cases of tetanus]. PMID- 7248086 TI - [Use of sensitized and lyophilized erythrocytes for the study of tetanus immunity]. AB - A technique based on the indirect haemagglutination for the study of antitetanus immunity was developed. The test implies the use of turkey formolated, tanned and tetanus toxoid sensitized erythrocytes, subsequently lyophilized. Some details on the technical modalities of the test, on the sensitivity of the technique and the criteria for the interpretation of the results are reported. PMID- 7248085 TI - [Determination of antitetanus antibodies. Methodological and epidemiological studies]. AB - We weighed the situation of tetanus immunity in a population sample of the province of Pavia in which both sexes and all age groups were represented. We carried out the survey performing the indirect haemagglutination test with turkey red cells. In each age groups the checked subjects have been classified in three different tetanus antibodies concentration levels: under 0.01 U/ml, between 0.01 and 0.1 U/ml, above 0.1 U/ml. The method we used is easy to perform and has a good reproducibility. The survey points out the good protection against tetanus in age classes under twenty years and the possibility of discovering districts where ineffective immunization methods are performed. PMID- 7248087 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of tetanus]. AB - The Authors are discussing the methods of intensive therapy which has been used for some years in severe tetanus. Results achieved with various therapeutic schemes are reported: vaccine plus heterologous serum i.m.; vaccine plus homologous serum i.m. and oxime; high dosage of human tetanus immune globulin i.v. The results are statistically evaluated in comparison with different kinds of treatments and clinical conditions. PMID- 7248088 TI - [Prevention of tetanus in the hospital first-aid service]. AB - It has been well known that every wound can become infected by C. tetani. Up to now, the antitetanic prophylaxis and/or therapy were based on empirical criteria, not capable of guaranteeing protection for the wounded. In fact: a) the type of wound and the environment in which the trauma occurred cannot exclude the possibility of infection owing to the ubiquity of the tetanic spore; b) the anamnestic data are often not reliable; c) repeated doses of tetanus anatoxin administered according to different vaccination schedules could give unexpected results; d) the protective effects of a vaccination declines in time in a manner different from one individual to another; e) there are subjects who do not acquire protection even after a vaccination treatment given according to schedule (low responders); f) the excessive number of recall doses of anatoxin, in some subjects can exhibit hypersensitivity side effects. Therefore, for each wounded patient a rational intervention of antitetanus prophylaxis is necessary, based on the rapid determination of antitetanus antibody level. A correlation has been documented between titre of antibody determined by the passive haemoagglutination test (HA) and neutralization test. The HA assay can be a useful tool (because of its easy application and rapidity of the results) in discriminating in wounded patients what type of rational therapeutic approach must be performed. PMID- 7248089 TI - [Guidelines for the use of antitetanus vaccination]. PMID- 7248090 TI - [Biological characteristics of specific IgE for tetanus toxoid]. AB - After antitetanus vaccination, besides the production of IgM/IgG, specific IgE also appear. However, notwithstanding the presence of these antibodies, hypersensitivity reactions almost never occur when reintroducing the vaccine. To explain this phenomenon, the in vitro basophil degranulation was studied, after stimulation with tetanus toxoid, under various experimental conditions. The results of these experiments suggested that, very likely, these specific IgE possess a low affinity for the basophil receptor. PMID- 7248091 TI - Effect of different concentrations of citrate on the sensitivity of an "in vitro" spontaneous platelet aggregation test. AB - Our data show that variations of the concentration of citrate in blood used for the "in vitro" spontaneous platelet aggregation tests, at the limits of those generally held to be without effect, have a definite influence on the results obtained. In addition, out findings suggest that a correct selection of one of the two variants of the test allows a flexibility of the sensitivity and, reciprocally, the specificity without interfering with the quality of the information which they are capable of providing. Thus, a differentiated application of Test A and Test B is possible according to different experimental or diagnostic necessities for the prevailing need of, respectively, a maximum sensitivity or of a maximum specificity. PMID- 7248092 TI - Comparative study of chromatographic and non-chromatographic procedures in the assay of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. AB - Chromatographic and non-chromatographic procedures in the assay of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D are compared. Samples extracted with chloroform/methanol were analysed using a competitive protein binding assay, with or without prior chromatography. Non-chromatographic methods constantly gave higher values than chromatographic methods. It is concluded that chromatography is an essential step in the preparation of extracts for the assay of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. PMID- 7248093 TI - Technical problems in the assay of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. AB - Various methods to enhance the solubility of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the aqueous buffer used for competitive protein binding assay are compared. The problem of non-specific binding caused by the addition of various substances to the buffer to prevent loss of 25-hydroxyvitamin D from the reaction mixture is also evaluated. Bovine albumin at the concentration of 0.2-0.4 g % seems to represent the best solution of the above problems, since it exerts a good solubilizing effect on 25-hydroxyvitamin D with low non-specific binding counts. PMID- 7248094 TI - [Amino acid content of vinegars produced in Italy. I]. PMID- 7248096 TI - [Rheographic evaluation of peripheral blood flow during isometric exercise]. AB - A rheographic evaluation of peripheral blood flow during isometric contraction (handgrip) has been done in 25 attendants of the Air Force Medical Service (mean age :20 years). The velocity of sphygmic wave, the sphygmic amplitude and, the peak time, heart rate and blood pressure have been measured at rest and during handgrip. The velocity of sphygmic wave does not change in all the subjects; the sphygmic amplitude is decreased of 10% (p less than .001), the peak time is decreased of 9% (p less than .001). Because sphygmic amplitude and peak time are directly proportional to flow volume, and their reduction significantly express a decrease of flow volume. The authors believe that the blood flow reduction is induced by the excitation of sympathetic peripheral alpha-receptors, not more balanced from sympathetic cholinergic vasodilator fibers. The actual result is an increase of the peripheral vascular resistances. PMID- 7248095 TI - [Amino acid content of vinegars produced in Italy. II]. PMID- 7248097 TI - [Family data on Alport's syndrome correlated with the HLA system]. AB - The authors, in order to complete the study of several patients with Alport's disease, typed for HLA two relative families. The data support the hypothesis of an autosomical transmission of the disease, and the association with the HLA system. PMID- 7248098 TI - [Role of the orientation of the collagen fibers on the mechanical properties of the carotid wall]. AB - Mechanical test was applied to several carotid walls air-dried under different degree of deformation along the circumferential direction. The stress-strain curves show an increase of the elastic modulus as a function of the deformation. X-ray diffraction studies were applied to determine the degree of collagen orientation in the deformed samples. The carotid wall, in agreement with the "composite materials theory", shows that the collagen is the most responsible factor of the mechanical properties of the tissue. PMID- 7248099 TI - [Number of retinal ganglion cells and visual discriminative performance in split chiasma rats]. AB - The relationship between post-operative retention, learning and transfer of visual discriminative tasks and number of retinal ganglion cells undegenerated after chiasma section was analyzed with a multiple linear regression program, stepwise procedure. Post-op retention of an intensity discrimination task significantly depends on the number of retinal ganglion cells in the most spared eye. Post-op learning and transfer of an orientation discrimination task significantly depends on 1) the total number of undegenerated ganglion cells and 2) their uniform distribution in both eyes. PMID- 7248100 TI - [Microscopic research on arachnoid villi in various mammals]. AB - The sagittal sinus in the man, dog, cat and rabbit was studied; we have noted remarkable histological differences within the zoological succession in the system of discharge of the cerebrospinal fluid in the venous system. The differences, probably, are chargeable to the different metabolic encephalic exigences which in the man are exalted and which justify the presence of the more complicated structures. PMID- 7248101 TI - [Morphological findings on the choroid plexus in human hydrocephalus: optic and electron microscopy studies]. PMID- 7248103 TI - Serum alpha-tocopherol, lipids, potassium and creatine phosphokinase in normal and patients with malabsorption. AB - Serum alpha-tocopherol, lipids, potassium and creatine phosphokinase levels we remeasured in 20 adult male control patients and 120 malabsorption patients. The malabsorption group had significantly lower serum alpha-tocopherol levels than the control group. The change was independent of serum total lipid levels that were not significantly different among the two groups. Serum potassium and creatine phosphokinase did not correlate with serum alpha-tocopherol levels in either control and malabsorption group. Body mass indices that are directly relate to adiposity increased with increase of serum alpha-tocopherol and total lipids of serum. PMID- 7248102 TI - Ethidium bromide - col E1 plasmid ccDNA complex : some structural considerations. PMID- 7248104 TI - [Extraction of fecal lipids and identification of hydroxystearic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS)]. AB - Fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids in the intestine are of interest because of their cathartic properties. We describe a method for extraction of lipids from freeze dried homogenized stools and identification of the hydroxy stearic acid in the fecal lipids pattern by GC-MS. Recovery of 90-95 % shows the efficacy of extraction . Quantitative data of fecal hydroxy stearic acid excretion in some normal and chronic diarrhea affected children are reported. PMID- 7248105 TI - [Effect of CO2 laser on cortical bone and on the critical blood supply of growth cartilage. A new method of research]. PMID- 7248106 TI - [Serum transaminase activity (GOT and GPT) in rats injected with serotonin]. PMID- 7248108 TI - [Cimetidine in experimental gastric ulcers induced by pyloric ligation]. AB - Male albino rats of the Wistar strain, without food from 48 h, have been operated with pylorus ligature and treated with cimetidine, at the dose of 30 mg/kg i.m., just after the operation and 12 h later. Cimetidine reduced the size and the number of gastric ulcers induced by pylorus ligature, showing a significant protective effect. This action, due to the inhibition of gastric secretion induced by cimetidine, supports the hypothesis that the staunching of gastric juice (by pylorus ligature) plays a basic role in the pathogenesis of these experimental gastric ulcers. PMID- 7248107 TI - [Separation of osteoclasts from bird medullary bone by sedimentation at unit gravity]. AB - A procedure for the isolation of osteoclasts from the heterogeneus population of medullary bone and marrow cells is presented. Cell suspensions were prepared from medullary bone of laying hens by mechanical dispersion. Following an osmotic shock and two 90 min unit gravity sedimentations, fractions highly enriched in osteoclasts were collected and subsequently cultivated in MEM with FCS. Ara C was added to the cultures for 48h to remove all the cells entering the mitotic cycle. The advantages and the possible applications of the method are discussed. PMID- 7248109 TI - [Cimetidine and the hypothalamo-hypophysial-suprarenal axis]. AB - The effects of cimetidine on experimental stress, induced by a long time fast and pylorus ligature, in male albino rats were investigated. The drug at the dose of 30 mg/kg was administered i.m. just after the operation and 12 h later. To evaluate the interference of cimetidine on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal axis were dosed, in the rat, the level of adrenal ascorbic acid and cholesterol as well as corticosterone plasma levels. The results seem to suggest that cimetidine, in this experiment, is unable to modify stress induced changes. PMID- 7248110 TI - [Variations in mineralization of cortical and medullary bone in laying hens during and after hypocalcemic diet]. AB - Compact and medullary bone of femur, tibia and humerus during a period of calcium depletion and repletion have been studied by microradiographic and microdurimetric method. From our preliminary results it appears that the degree of mineralization varies only in medullary bone, where the existing trabeculaea are eroded and substituted by others that don't complete mineralization. The cortical bone is deeply eroded during the diet and slowly reconstructed during the period of calcium repletion. PMID- 7248112 TI - [Clinical application of barbiturate in severe head injury. Part 2: Clinical significances of the thiamylal levels and the side-effects of massive administration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248111 TI - [Vitreous hemorrhage after ruptured intracerebral aneurysms (Terson syndrome) (author's transl)]. AB - Operative mortality and morbidity for intracerebral aneurysms has recently reduced with microsurgical technique, so more functional prognosis such as visual disturbance due to fundal hemorrhages has been studied. Here vitreous hemorrhage secondary to ruptured cerebral aneurysms (Terson syndrome) was attentioned. Three patients had more over 2 hours of unconsciousness and one patient experienced repeated episodes of subarachnoid hemorrhage within a week. This suggested rapid increased intracranial pressure resulted in vitreous hemorrhage through the venous congestion, which had been reported by Castren (1963). All patients became blind because of severe vitreous hemorrhage. First case was followed over 7 years with only conservative therapy, but failed to improve. Another 3 cases regained visual acuity soon after operation. We emphasized vitreous hemorrhage as an important functional prognostic factor after ruptured intracerebral aneurysms and effective results of vitrectomy was showed. PMID- 7248114 TI - [Basic studies on the potential changes in the eyelid elicited by flash stimulation, especially related to the leads (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248113 TI - [Their clinical correlation (author's transl)]. AB - Morphometric studies of biopsied sural nerves were performed among 16 diabetic patients (14 with polyneuropathy and 2 without polyneuropathy). Main clinical findings at the time of biopsy were reviewed retrospectively and the correlations between clinical findings (the presence or absence of sensory disturbance, motor disturbance, retinopathy and pain, and the duration of sensory disturbance) and nerve fiber densities were analyzed. The following results and conclusions were obtained. 1) Decrease of densities of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers was found in 9 out of 16 cases. Decrease of the density of unmyelinated fibers in diabetic patients was noticeable among over 100 cases of various neuropathies studied by us. Both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers seem to be decreased with the duration of sensory disturbance. 2) In teased fiber analysis myelinated fibers showing axonal degeneration as well as segmental demyelination were seen at relatively lower frequency. Onion bulb formation was found only in one case out of 16 cases. Therefore it was concluded that axonal degeneration is probably the main pathological change in sural nerves in this study, considering the decrease of nerve fiber densities as well. 3) The mean thickness of the perivascular space of endoneurial small vessels in diabetic patients was greater than that of the control (32 consecutive patients of various neuropathies). 4) No good correlations were found between the presence or absence of motor disturbance, pain and retinopathy, and the nerve fiber densities. PMID- 7248115 TI - [Changes of regional cerebral blood flow after total cerebral ischemia (author's transl)]. AB - In normothermic 53 mongrel dogs complete cerebral circulatory arrest for 8 to 10 min was produced with Aortic occlusion balloon catheter and followed by blood recirculation of the brain for 2 hrs. Local cerebral blood flow in 11 different regions were measured before and after ischemia using radioactive labelled microspheres (15 +/- 3 micrometers). Before ischemia, regional blood flow rates within the brain varied between 26.1 +/- 5.8 and 61.3 +/- 7.9 ml/100 g/min (mean +/- SD). Reactive hyperemia was present in the brain 8 to 15 min after the beginning of the recirculation. Local cerebral blood flow rates increased two to ten times above the control flow, more increased in brain stem, cerebellum, thalamus and basal ganglia. Regional cerebral blood flow returned to or slightly below normal 30 min after ischemia, and subsequently decreased 60 to 120 min after ischemia. At 120 min after ischemia local cerebral blood flow rates decreased 40 to 60% of the control flow in cerebral cortices and basal ganglia, 70 to 90% of control flow in subcortical white matter and brain stem. With these result: 1) There is considerable redistribution and inhomogeneity of of flow rates within the brain after total cerebral ischemia for 8 to 10 min. 2) It is indicated that low flow rates of the brain 60 to 120 min after ischemia can not maintain the nutritive blood flow in some cerebral regions, especially in cerebral cortices and basal ganglia. Farther more it may be resulted in secondary brain tissue damage. 3) It is suggested that post-ischemic recirculation may be a factor in the genesis of "selective vulnerability." 4) The inhomogeneity of regional cerebral blood flow rates can be associated with the animal species of the dog. PMID- 7248117 TI - Toxicity caused by local anaesthetic drugs. PMID- 7248116 TI - [A sleep study on a case of apallic syndrome due to cardiac arrest--serial investigation for 15 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248118 TI - Actions of 4-aminopyridine on the cardiovascular systems of anaesthetized cats and dogs. AB - The effects of the anti-curare agent 4-aminopyridine on the cardiovascular systems of cats and greyhounds under barbiturate-chloralose anaesthesia have been studied. In both species, 4-amino-pyridine produced a transient atropine sensitive decrease in arterial pressure followed by a prolonged adrenergically mediated increase. In the cat, the cardiac responses to vagal stimulation and nictitating membrane responses to sympathetic stimulation were augmented after injection of 4-aminopyridine, and the evidence indicated that these effects were the results of increased release of neurotransmitters. In the greyhound, 4 aminopyridine produced increases in the left ventricular systolic pressure and dP/dt max, right atrial pressure, stroke volume, myocardial blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, external cardiac work, arterial oxygen content and blood haemoglobin. These effects were attributable to facilitation of sympathetic transmission to the blood vessels, heart and spleen. Heart rate was not much affected because facilitation of vagal transmission to the S-A node counteracted the increased sympathetic effect. In the greyhound, 4-aminopyridine also produced temporary cardiac arrhythmia which was only partly attributable to facilitated sympathetic transmission. In addition there was evidence of a central stimulant action of 4-aminopyridine and of a stimulant action on visceral activity. It is concluded that, while 4-aminopyridine may be useful in certain relatively rare conditions of neuromuscular transmission failure, its actions are too widespread for routine use as an antagonist to non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs. PMID- 7248119 TI - Pharmacokinetics of 4-aminopyridine in human volunteers. A preliminary study using a new GLC method for its estimation. AB - The concentrations of 4-aminopyridine hydrochloride in the blood and urine from volunteers were measured following a bolus injection i.v. of 0.3 mg kg-1. The drug was assayed by means of a new GLC method which is described. The pharmacokinetics of 4-aminopyridine are complicated by an additional increase in plasma concentration during the elimination phase of the drug. PMID- 7248120 TI - Cumulation of neomycin and its residual potentiation of tubocurarine in the cat. AB - Cumulation and interaction of neuromuscular blocking effects of neomycin and tubocurarine were determined on responses of the tibialis anterior muscle of the anaesthetized cat to indirect stimulation. Neuromuscular block produced by neomycin was cumulative despite rapid and apparent full recovery of twitch tension and an interval of 3 h between dose-response studies. Ed50 of neomycin on twitch tension decreased (P less than 0.05) from 22 +/- 4 mg kg-1 to 12 +/- 3 mg kg-1 after 3 h; marked post-tetanic exhaustion was observed after the antibiotic. Neuromuscular block (80-90%) with neomycin 25-30 mg kg-1 followed by full recovery and 3-h interval decreased (P less than 0.05) the ED50 of tubocurarine on twitch tension from 0.2 +/- 0.02 mg kg-1 to 0.13 +/- 0.03 mg kg-1. Tubocurarine exhibited no cumulative effects at intervals of 2 h and did not significantly affect the response of twitch and tetanic tension to neomycin after an interval of 2 h. It is concluded that neomycin increases the sensitivity of neuromuscular transmission to tubocurarine despite apparently normal responses to indirect stimulation and that the post-tetanic exhaustion observed with neomycin alone may explain apnoea reported in patients with the antibiotic. PMID- 7248121 TI - Influence of diet on the susceptibility of Xenopus laevis tadpoles to thiopentone and a membrane probe. AB - Xenopus laevis tadpoles were produced from wild-caught, laboratory-reared toads. Separate sets were fed on diets of (1) liver powder; (2) nettle powder; (3) aminosol and Intralipid. The tadpoles were reared for 3 weeks at 22 degrees C and then three groups of experiments performed. Group I experiments showed a significant difference in the response to thiopentone between tadpoles fed on liver powder and those fed on nettle powder. Group II experiments showed a difference in response to thiopentone which did not result from kinetic factors between sets 1, 2 and 3. The dose-response curves of the nettle-fed tadpoles when compared with the liver-fed tadpoles were shifted to the right. The Intralipid fed tadpoles showed a flat dose-response curve, which tended to fall off. Group III experiments showed a very large difference in response to 1-iodo-4-azido benzene between tadpoles fed on liver powder and those fed on aminosol and Intralipid. PMID- 7248123 TI - Cardiovascular effects of etomidate with emphasis on regional myocardial blood flow and performance. AB - The effects of 30-min infusions of etomidate 0.03, 0.12 and 0.24 mg kg-1 min-1 on systemic and regional haemodynamic variables and cardiac performance and metabolism were studied in pigs. The drug caused moderate, but dose-dependent, decreases in the cardiac output, arterial pressure and LVdP/dt max. Myocardial wall thickening, measured by echographic analysis, was decreased by the drug. However, heart rate, myocardial blood flow distribution and myocardial metabolism of lactate, glucose and free fatty acids remained unchanged. Cerebral blood flow was decreased substantially. However, renal blood flow changed only slightly. PMID- 7248122 TI - Haemodynamic effects of labetalol-induced hypotension in the anaesthetized dog. AB - Central haemodynamic changes and regional blood flow were studied using the microsphere technique, during labetalol-induced hypotension in dogs anaesthetized with pentobarbitone and fentanyl. Labetalol 15 mg kg-1 decreased mean arterial pressure from an average of 88 mm Hg to 47 mm Hg. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was unchanged. Cardiac output was reduced by decrease in stroke volume, while heart rate remained unchanged. Myocardial blood flow decreased approximately in parallel with left ventricular work. Perfusion of the brain and kidneys was unchanged. PMID- 7248124 TI - Electrical activity of the cerebral cortex during induced hypotension with sodium nitroprusside and trimetaphan in the cat. AB - A comparison of the blood flow and electrical power and an area of parietal cortex has been made in cats subjected to controlled hypotension induced with either practolol and trimetaphan or practolol and nitroprusside. In both groups it was necessary also to remove blood to achieve the required low values of arterial pressure (AP). It was found that cerebral cortical blood flow was significantly greater at mean AP of 40, 35 and 30 mm Hg during nitroprusside (NTP) as compared with trimetaphan (TMP) hypotension. The total power in the e.e.g. as assessed by the cerebral function monitor (CFM) was less depressed at mean AP 35 and 30 mm Hg during NTP hypotension. Even at mean AP 26 mm Hg with NTP, electrical power, although significantly reduced, was still 66 +/- 3% of control values. Correlation of cortical blood flow with CFM activity indicated that electrical power tended towards zero at flow values of 20-25 ml min-1 per 100 g. It is concluded that, in the parietal cortex of the lightly-anaesthetized cat, cortical blood flow and electrical power are better-maintained when hypotension is induced with NTP than with TMP. PMID- 7248126 TI - Dose-response curves for four neuromuscular blockers using continuous i.v. infusion. AB - Cumulative dose-response curves were constructed in man for tubocurarine, pancuronium, gallamine and alcuronium from data obtained during barbiturate narcotic-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Fifty-six adult patients received one of these drugs, administered by constant-rate infusion, a technique enabling response levels and results pooled to derive a composite dose-response curve for each drug. Using the mechanical twitch response, the ED50 for each neuromuscular blocking drug was: tubocurarine 0.236 mg kg-1, pancuronium 0.048 mg kg-1, gallamine 1.3 mg kg-1 and alcuronium 0.161 mg kg-1. The slopes of the composite curves for pancuronium and alcuronium were significantly steeper than those for tubocurarine and gallamine. In the alcuronium studies the simultaneous compound electromyogram was recorded, and usually this was more depressed than the mechanical twitch response, giving an ED50 of 0.135 mg kg-1. PMID- 7248125 TI - Diethyl ether influence on the metabolism of antipyrine, paracetamol and sulphanilamide in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Drug metabolism was studied in suspensions of isolated rat liver parenchymal cells. The influence of diethyl ether 2.5-30 mmol litre-1 on metabolism of antipyrine, paracetamol and sulphanilamide was studied. A dose-related ether inhibition of antipyrine and paracetamol metabolism was found. Fifty per cent inhibition of antipyrine metabolism occurred at ether concentrations between 2.5 and 5 mmol litre-1 while 50% inhibition of paracetamol metabolism was found at greater ether concentrations (20-30 mmol litre-1). No ether inhibition of sulphanilamide metabolism was demonstrated. It is concluded that different degrees of ether interaction have to be considered for the various hepatic pathways of drug metabolism. PMID- 7248127 TI - Allen's test and systolic arterial pressure in the thumb. AB - The result of Allen's test for arterial patency was compared with systolic arterial pressure in the thumb following manual occlusion of the radial artery in 8 patients aged 11-72 yr undergoing cardiovascular surgery. In 19 of 235 hands (8.1%), manual compression of the radial artery reduced the systolic arterial pressure in the thumb to less than 40 mm Hg, indicating inadequacy of the collateral ulnar arterial supply. The predictive value of a negative Allen's test was 0.992. Thus, in only 0.8% of cases would a negative Allen's test falsely indicate adequacy of the collateral ulnar supply. These results justify general application of Allen's test before radial artery cannulation. PMID- 7248129 TI - Acute hepatitis following enflurane anaesthesia. PMID- 7248128 TI - E.C.G changes during halothane and enflurane anaesthesia for E.N.T. surgery in children. AB - E.c.g. changes were compared in 152 children undergoing adenoidectomy of adenotonsillectomy (T + A) under halothane or enflurane anaesthesia. Junctional rhythm occurred in 4-16% of the children in adenoidectomy groups and in 11-33% in T + A groups. Bundle branch block occurred in 4% of the children anaesthetized with halothane, but not with enflurane and was particularly common in association with thiopentone and T + A operations; one patient had bifocal ventricular tachycardia. QT interval was prolonged compared with control after thiopentone (P less than 0.001) and thiopentone and suxamethonium (P less than 0.02). QT interval was not changed after Althesin with or without suxamethonium. Mean preanaesthetic QT interval (+/- SEM) was significantly prolonged (492 +/- 22 ms; normal 440 ms) in children showing aberrant conduction with chaotic rhythm, but normal (438 +/- 5 ms) when bundle branch block or junctional rhythm was present during halothane anaesthesia. QT interval was prolonged significantly in enflurane but not in halothane anaesthesia. PMID- 7248130 TI - Double intracardiac knotting of a Swan-Ganz catheter. PMID- 7248131 TI - Vascular disease and anaesthesia. PMID- 7248132 TI - Does ketamine metabolite II exist in vivo? PMID- 7248133 TI - Inhalation of gastric contents. PMID- 7248134 TI - Pancuronium and nodal rhythm. PMID- 7248135 TI - Pharmacokinetics of high-dose fentanyl. PMID- 7248136 TI - Systolic time interval v heart rate regression equations using atropine: reproducibility studies. AB - 1. Systolic time intervals (STI) were recorded in six normal male subjects over a period of 3 weeks. On one day per week, each subject received incremental doses of atropine intravenously to increase heart rate, allowing the determination of individual STI v HR regression equations. On the other days STI were recorded with the subjects resting, in the supine position. 2. There were highly significant regression relationships between heart rate and both LVET and QS2, but not between heart rate and PEP. 3. The regression relationships showed little intra-subject variability, but a large degree of inter-subject variability: they proved adequate to correct the STI for the daily fluctuations in heart rate. 4. Administration of small doses of atropine intravenously provides a satisfactory and convenient method of deriving individual STI v HR regression equations which can be applied over a period of weeks. PMID- 7248137 TI - The prediction of individual systolic time interval v heart rate regression equations. AB - 1. Twenty-eight sets of systolic time interval (STI) and heart rate (HR) data were available from studies in which small bolus doses of atropine had been given to alter heart rate. 2. Regression lines of the form LVET = A+B.HR and QS2 = C+D.HR were calculated. There was no significant relationship between PEP and HR. The values of the parameters A-D were normally distributed. 3. The maximum likelihood Estimation was used to obtain the most likely values of the parameters A-D for individual subjects. 4. The technique proved to be highly satisfactory and was subsequently validated with a further six sets of data. PMID- 7248138 TI - Diploma in pharmaceutical medicine. PMID- 7248139 TI - Salivary concentrations and plasma protein binding of carbamazepine and carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide in epileptic patients. AB - 1. The relationships between saliva, free and total plasma concentrations of carbamazepine (CBZ) and carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide (CBZ-EP) were studied in 24 chronically medicated epileptic patients. Four patients were taking CBZ alone, while 20 were taking one or more additional anticonvulsant drugs. 2. The free fraction of CBZ in plasma ranged from 0.19 to 0.33 (mean 0.24) while the saliva:plasma (S:P) concentration ratios ranged from 0.20 to 0.35 (mean 0.27). The free fraction of CBZ-EP in plasma ranged from 0.16 to 0.50 (mean 0.32), while the S:P ratios ranged from 0.14 to 0.70 (mean, 0.43). The plasma protein binding and S:P ratios of these compounds appeared to be independent of age, sampling time and concurrently administered anticonvulsant drugs. 3. Significant linear relationships between saliva and total plasma concentrations and between saliva and free plasma concentrations were observed for both compounds (P less than 0.001). However, salivary concentrations of CBZ and CBZ-EP were significantly more reliable as predictors of their respective free plasma concentrations than of their respective total plasma concentrations (P less than 0.01). 4. It is concluded that measurement of CBZ and CBZ-EP in the saliva of chronically medicated epileptic patients provides a more reliable estimate of the pharmacodynamically active, free concentrations of these compounds in plasma. PMID- 7248140 TI - The pharmacokinetics of nortriptyline in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - 1 The pharmacokinetics of single oral doses of nortriptyline were studied in twenty patients with chronic renal failure, eight of whom were receiving treatment with haemodialysis. 2 The median nortriptyline half-life was 25.2 h (range 14.5-140.0 h) and the median nortriptyline clearance was 32.3 l/h (range 8.1-122.0 l/h). 3 No differences were observed between the dialysed and non dialysed groups. 4 Comparisons of nortriptyline half-life and clearance between the patients and groups of physically healthy subjects revealed no significant differences. 5 There was no significant linear correlation between age and either of these measurements. In the twelve patients not receiving haemodialysis there was no correlation between nortriptyline clearance and glomerular filtration rate. 6 Chronic renal failure is not associated with a significant alteration in nortriptyline metabolism as measured by its half-life or clearance, but the drug should nonetheless be used with caution, and monitored whenever possible. However, the marked inter-individual differences observed in nortriptyline half life and clearance in patients with chronic renal failure may not be solely responsible for their unpredictable response to tricyclic antidepressant therapy, and other possible contributory factors are discussed. PMID- 7248141 TI - Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and ECG response of verapamil in patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - 1 The pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and ECG response of verapamil was investigated in seven patients with liver cirrhosis and compared with six normal subjects, using stable labelled techniques whereby both the intravenous and oral dose are given simultaneously. 2 After intravenous administration, plasma concentrations were much higher in the patient group such that the total plasma clearance was reduced from a mean of 1258 ml/min in normals to 616 ml/min in the patient group (P less than 0.0025). The apparent volume of distribution nearly doubled (6.76 v 12.05 l/kg, P less than 0.025) and the terminal half-life was prolonged four fold (3.7 v 14.2 h, P less than 0.001). 3 Given orally, the peak plasma concentration was higher and occurred earlier in the liver cirrhotic patients. The absolute bioavailability more than doubled (22.0% normals v 52.3% liver cirrhotics, P less than 0.001) and apparent oral clearance was reduced to only 20% of normal (6.38 v 1.30 l/min, P less than 0.001). 4 The delta P-R interval in the patient group lagged behind the plasma concentration, in contrast to normal subjects. The maximum effect was much greater in the patients (15.4 v 41.6% increase, P less than 0.005) and persisted for a longer period of time. The slope of the plasma concentration-response curve was the same as in normals after intravenous administration. Plasma protein binding remained unchanged. 5 It is recommended that in liver cirrhotic patients the intravenous dose of verapamil be halved and the oral dose decreased by a factor of five in order to prevent untoward effects. As well as a steady-state plasma concentration will not be reached until approximately 2 days after the beginning of therapy. PMID- 7248142 TI - Effects of concurrent administration of other substrates of N-acetyltransferase on dapsone acetylation. PMID- 7248143 TI - Preliminary studies on the disposition of meptazinol in the neonate. PMID- 7248144 TI - Localization of human breast-carcinoma xenografts using antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen. AB - Affinity-purified antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been injected into immune-suppressed mice bearing xenografts of human breast tumours. It has been shown that the antibodies localized in the tumours but not in normal tissues. The degree of tumour localization correlates with the amount of tumour CEA, and is unaffected by levels of circulating CEA or CEA/anti-CEA immune complexes. PMID- 7248146 TI - The incidence of bilateral breast cancer: II. A proposed model for the analysis of coincidental tumours. AB - A statistical model has been proposed in an attempt to integrate coincidental (or synchronous) diagnoses of multiple primary cancers into a general method of analysis. In the context of population-based surveys, such diagnoses form an integral part of the pattern of incidence within the population. Because of clinical surveillance, the diagnosis of subsequent tumours may be advanced in time in comparison with a first primary diagnosis. The model has been used to predict the altered pattern of diagnosis in order to adjust the value of expected numbers. Data from a previously reported survey of bilateral breast cancer have been used to illustrate the model. Analysis in terms of the model showed a 2.6 fold increase in risk for a second primary tumour in the contralateral breast in a series of nearly 22,000 breast-cancer patients. The corresponding risks for 3 main age-ranges (at the time of diagnosis of the first primary) were 5.3 (age 15 44), 3.3 (45-49) and 1.5 (60+). In addition, a maximal risk of 5.0-fold was observed in the series as a whole during the third year after the diagnosis of the first primary. PMID- 7248147 TI - Multiple primary cancers of breast and cervix uteri: an epidemiological approach to analysis. AB - Index sites of breast and cervix uteri were selected from populationbased data held at the West Midlands and Birmingham Regional Cancer Registry, and the expected numbers of second primary cancers in cervix and breast were computed (sequence analyses). In the breast series (17,756 patients) a small deficit of cervical tumours was observed (O = 16, E = 2.119, O/E = 0.76, P > 0.05), while in the cervix series (4817 patients) a small excess of breast tumours was found (O = 29, E = 23.38, O/E = 1.24, P > 0.05) over a period of 15 years.A theoretical statement of the combined risk of the 2 tumours occurring in the same individual of a general population was developed and was compared with the practical approach of summing the sequence analyses (complementary analysis). Complementary analysis indicated that there was no excess of women with the 2 primary tumours (O = 45, E = 44.57, O/E = 1.01) and that cancers of the breast and cervix uteri are not aetiologically related. PMID- 7248148 TI - Changes in presenting tumour site of Burkitt's lymphoma in Ghana, West Africa, 1965-1978. AB - Between 1965 and 1978, 430 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma were evaluated at the Burkitt Tumour Project, Accra, Ghana. During this period a change in the presenting features occurred, in which abdominal disease increased and facial disease decreased. This change was especially apparent in males, in whom the proportion of cases with abdominal disease more than doubled (chi 2 time trend = 25.99, P = 0.00000017) We speculate that the change may be related to possible changes in BL incidence. PMID- 7248145 TI - Cell electrophoresis for diagnostic purposes. II. Critical evaluation of conventional cytopherometry. AB - Determination of the electrophoretic mobility of test cells has been widely used in an attempt to detect so-called lymphokines in a laboratory test for cancer, but operational difficulties are inherent in conventional cytopherometers. This study therefore investigates the technical and operational aspects of cell electrophoresis, using the Zeiss cytopherometer; e.g. influence of electro osmosis, focus uncertainty, movement due to convection and other sources of error. Implications and possible improvements in the test are discussed. PMID- 7248150 TI - Measurement of Gross cell-surface antigen and p30 level in murine retrovirus infected cell lines. AB - The level of Gross cell-surface antigen (GCSAa) expression at the surface of murine retrovirus-infected fibroblasts was determined by quantitative absorption of the anti-GCSAa activity of a serum produced in syngeneic W/Fu rats immunized against (C58NT)D lymphoma, and tested in a cytotoxicity assay against E male G2 lymphoma cells. While GCSAa was specifically expressed on Gross-type virus (G MuLV)-induced lymphoma cells, and while G-MuLV and G-related MuLV induced a high level of GCSAa expression on murine fibroblasts, the Friend-Moloney-Rauscher (FMR) group viruses (FMR MuLV) and xenotropic isolates were also able to induce a high or intermediate level of GCSAa. Since GCSAa has been shown to be borne by glycosylated precursors of the viral nucleocapside (gp95gag and gp85gag), the amount of GCSAa expressed on these cells was compared to the level of cytoplasmic p30. In G- and G-related MuLV-infected cell lines, a significant relationship was found between the amount of GCSAa and the level of p30, whereas in FMR-MuLV or xenotropic virus-infected cells the amount of GCSAa varied independently of the p30 level. These results could explain the discrepancy in the specificity of expression of GCSAa in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7248149 TI - Peculiarities of hyperlipidaemia in tumour patients. AB - The study group included 684 cases: 258 patients with breast carcinoma, 113 males with lung cancer, 42 patients with rectal tumours, 42 patients with stomach tumours, 59 patients with fibroadenomatosis, and 170 healthy subjects of varying age (male and female). A relatively high blood triglyceride level was found in patients with breast, lung, rectal (females), and stomach (female) tumours. The blood concentration of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in patients with breast, lung, and stomach (female) tumours was relatively low. The elimination of tumour (breast carcinoma) did not lead to significant changes in lipid metabolism. There was no correlation between degree of lipidaemia and stage of tumour progression except in the cases of rectal cancer. Preliminary results are presented on the tentative classification of hyperlipoproteinaemia in tumour patients, using the lipid concentration threshold values advocated by Carlson et al. (1977); an increased frequency of Type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia proved to be the most characteristic feature of tumour patients. The results are discussed in terms of the concept of the importance of lipid metabolic disturbances, primarily those due to ageing, in the genesis of the syndrome of "cancerophilia" (predisposition to cancer). PMID- 7248152 TI - Increased tissue histamine in tumour-bearing mice and rats. AB - Tissue histamine levels were studied in C3H and C57BL/6 mice bearing a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma, in Wag rats bearing an aflatoxin B1 induced hepatoma, and in Commentry rats bearing a grafted hepatoma. Histamine levels were significantly higher (1.5 to 3 fold) in the tumour-bearing animals for ventral and dorsal skin, skeletal muscle and stomach fundus. Total histamine content was increased in the spleen. In C3H mice with McC3-1 fibrosarcoma, the excision of the tumour or its partial regression by intratumoral injections of corynebacterium parvum induced a reversion to normal values. The tumour thus appears responsible for the increased histamine levels in tissues distant from the tumour. PMID- 7248154 TI - Human monoclonal antibodies to lung-cancer antigens. AB - Lymphocytes obtained from hilar and bronchial lymph nodes from 23 patients undergoing radical surgery for carcinoma of the bronchus were fused with established rat or mouse myeloma lines. 62% of the resultant hybrids were found to be secreting human Ig detected by a sensitive staphylococcal Protein A-coupled SRBC assay. Immunoglobulins synthesized by such hybrids were internally labelled with 3H-lysine and their antibody activity against a variety of membrane preparations determined. Nine monoclonal antibodies were found which bound to molecules on lung-cancer membranes and not on normal lung membranes from the same patient. PMID- 7248153 TI - Characteristics of 106 spontaneous mammary tumours appearing in Sprague-Dawley female rats. AB - Pathological studies were undertaken on 106 mammary tumours (89 benign, 17 malignant) appearing spontaneously in 95 normal female Sprague-Dawley rats which were killed at Day 756. The benign tumours comprised those with a predominant acinar hyperplasia and those with adenomatous or fibroadenomatous pattern. No significant differences were found histochemically between the acinar cells of the benign tumours and of the lactating gland, except that the amount of fibrous interstitial connective tissue was larger in the former. 3H- or 35S glycosaminoglycan synthesis by the benign tumours was found to be much higher. The prolactin value in the plasma of the benign-tumour-bearing rats was about 27 times that of 6-month-old virgin rats, and similar to that of rats on the 7th day post partum. Carcinomatous proliferation of tubuloacinar cells could be seen in 5 of the 89 benign tumours. The incidence of benign tumours increases with the age of the rats. PMID- 7248151 TI - Mice, men, mustard and methylated xanthines: the potential role of caffeine and related drugs in the sensitization of human tumours to alkylating agents. AB - The relationships between DNA damage from UV radiation, alkylating drugs and the methylated xanthines (MX) have been studied in normal and malignant rodent and human cells. A comparison of the level of DNA excision repair (repair replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis) confirms that some forms of alkylating-agent damage (probably mono-filar DNA adducts) are less completely removed by both normal and malignant rodent cells than by their human counterparts, rendering rodent cells more susceptible to the toxic potential of unexcised lesions. The toxicity of alkylating agents can be increased by the presence of several MXs during the period of DNA replication which follows infliction of the damage. Human cells appear capable of excising more DNA damage, rendering them somewhat less susceptible to enhancement of cytotoxicity by MX. This resistance of human cells is only quantitative, however, since 2 human cancer cell lines (HeLa and HT 29) could be sensitized to a variety of alkylating agents by appropriate concentrations of MX. Trimethylxanthine (caffeine) and the 2 clinically useful dimethylxanthines (theophylline and theobromine) appeared equally effective in sensitizing cells. The sensitization was dependent upon a slightly cytotoxic concentration of the MX and a suitably prolonged period of post-damage MX exposure. Of these 3 classic MXs, only theobromine might be clinically useful. The levels required for alkylating-agent sensitization exceed the clinically tolerable level of theophylline, and probably approach the tolerance of man to caffeine. The most likely mechanism by which MX sensitization is achieved is reversal of the inhibition of DNA replicon initiation which follows the infliction of significant DNA damage. Through the selection of suitable clinically useful alkylating agents (those dependent on active cellular transport for cell penetration) and appropriate MX scheduling, an enhanced therapeutic ratio might be achieved, potentially increasing the clinical usefulness of these alkylating agents. MX would thus form a useful class of agents adjuvant to conventional anti-cancer drugs. PMID- 7248156 TI - Smoking and cancer of the cervix. PMID- 7248155 TI - Transition from laboratory to clinic in cancer treatment. Abstracts of symposium papers. PMID- 7248157 TI - Enhancement of the effect of cytotoxic drugs by radiosensitizers. AB - Misonidazole (MISO) potentiates the action of cyclophosphamide (CY) and melphalan in the WHFIB culture-adapted fibrosarcoma, whether assayed by cell survival or tumour-growth delay. In the case of CY, MISO also inhibited recovery from potentially lethal drug damage. The optimum effect was seen when MISO was given 1 h before CY, though it was also effective when given 6 h before or 1 h after the drug. Other radiosensitizers also potentiated the action of CY. There was only a small effect of MISO on the LD50 of CY and no effect on CY toxicity as assayed by changes in blood counts or damage to bladder epithelium. However, mice bearing multiple lung tumours were less able to cope with the combined treatment than those bearing s.c. tumours. PMID- 7248160 TI - Elevated levels of prolactin in nulliparous women. AB - Follicular-phase (Day 11) plasma prolactin, and plasma and urinary oestrogen levels of 70 nulliparous nuns were compared with those of 80 of their sisters, of whom 62 were parous. The nuns and their nulliparous sisters did not differ significantly in their prolactin and oestrogen levels. No differences in plasma oestrogens or urinary oestriol ratio were found between the parous and the nulliparous women. However, the mean prolactin level of the nuns and their nulliparous sisters was 35% higher than that of the parous women in the sample taken approximately 1 3/4 h after rising (p less than 0.0005), and 24% higher (P less then 0.01) in the 2nd sample taken 2 h later. The elevation was independent of age, weight, and age at menarche. Age at first full-term pregnancy, at least up to the age of 30, and second or subsequent full-term pregnancies had no further effect on prolactin level. This study suggests that the effect of early first full-term pregnancy in lowering breast cancer risk may be mediated, at least in part, by permanently lowering the level of circulating prolactin. PMID- 7248158 TI - Plasma prostaglandins in mucositis due to radiotherapy and chemotherapy for head and neck cancer. AB - Patients with head and neck cancer were treated with synchronous radiotherapy and chemotherapy (vincristine, bleomycin and methotrexate). Before treatment, mucositis was absent and low amounts of prostaglandin-like material were extracted from peripheral plasma. As treatment proceeded mucositis occurred, and its degree correlated with the amount of prostaglandin-like material extracted from the plasma. Some patients were given moderate doses of drugs which inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, but mucositis still occurred. PMID- 7248159 TI - Value of serum calcitonin estimation in clinical oncology. AB - In 132 consecutive patients with carcinoma of various organs, a higher serum immunoreactive calcitonin (ICT) concentration (median level 50 pg/ml) was found than in 68 normal subjects (median level 20 pg/ml). The incidence of hypercalcitoninaemia was 40%. All 9 patients with primary liver-cell carcinoma were hypercalcitoninaemic. On the other hand, none of the 7 patients with a carcinoma of the breast had raised ICT levels. In bronchogenic cancer a relationship between ICT and cell type was found, with a predominance of high ICT in patients with oatcell and other undifferentiated types, whereas in squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the lung hypercalcitoninaemia was relatively rare. When we divided all our patients according to differentiation of the tumour cell, it was found that the lower the degree of differentiation, the higher the ICT concentration, whereas opposite results were observed for CEA. When ICT and CEA were estimated concurrently, we found at least one marker increased in 70% of our patients. Our results demonstrate that patients with metastases in the liver have more frequently and increased ICT. In addition, we conclude that lifespan can be expected to be lower in patients with high ICT levels. In a longitudinal study of 46 patients, there was a positive correlation between change in serum ICT and tumour mass. PMID- 7248161 TI - Distribution of malignant melanoma on the body surface. AB - The distribution of malignant melanoma among the 4 major body sites (head, upper limb, lower limb and remainder (trunk) was investigated for 37 white populations. Although UV radiation is generally considered to be the major aetiological agent, it was found that approximately 75% of the tumours occurred on the relatively unexposed body sites. However, the sex differences in the incidence of melanoma at the various sites corresponded in direction and magnitude with the patterns of exposures of the sexes. The greatest difference between the sexes was the higher incidence on the female lower limb (the regular wearing of skirts results in a considerable exposure), and the next largest was the higher incidence on the male trunk (men can remove their shirts easily, but do not do so regularly). The results indicate that UV radiation is a major cause of malignant melanoma, but suggest that the mechanism of induction may be complex. Several hypotheses, as well as the types of additional evidence required, are discussed. PMID- 7248162 TI - Radiosensitivity of microscopic tumours of a transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma in mice. AB - Evidence is presented that microscopic tumours (of a transplantable murine mammary carcinoma, M8013X) grow faster than larger, palpable, tumours. Microscopic tumours are also more radiosensitive than larger tumours. The decrease in radiosensitivity in larger tumours is prevented to a large extent by misonidazole, which has no significant effect on the radiosensitivity of microscopic tumours. The retardation in growth rate which occurs after the fast microscopic growth is probably related to the appearance of hypoxic cells. Both the decrease in growth rate and the progressive development of hypoxia may be caused by the relatively poorer blood flow in larger tumours. Part of the radioresistance in "large" tumours ( approximately 250 mm3) seems to be due to factors other than hypoxia; maybe cell-kinetic factors also play a role. The intrinsic radiosensitivity of tumour cells in microscopic tumours was assessed by means of a modified latency test: the Dq and Do were 2.2 and 2.5 Gy respectively. A number of factors which may influence the reliability of these estimates are discussed. PMID- 7248163 TI - Reduction of daunomycin toxicity by razoxane. AB - A single dose of 200 mg/kg razoxane protected mice against the subchronic lethal effects (i.e. within 21 days) of 10 mg/kg daunomycin. When the razoxane dose was split into 2 doses of 100 mg/kg, even better protection against higher doses of daunomycin was obtained. The best protective effect was seen when the razoxane was given 24 h before or simultaneously with the daunomycin, and it was still present, though less, 24 h later. Histopathological examination to determine the site of protection showed it to be in the small bowel. Marrow and cardiac tissue showed no evident changes when examined by light microscopy. PMID- 7248166 TI - The effect of corticosteroids on subcutaneous abscess formation in the mouse. AB - We have used a recently developed model for s.c. abscess formation to study the effect of corticosteroids on abscess formation in mice. Mice were given daily i.p. injections of either hydrocortisone, 20 mg/kg/day or dexamethasone, 0.8 mg/kg/day, starting 3 days before inoculation with Staph, aureus and continuing for the duration of the experiment. Another group of mice was given a single injection of dexamethasone, 8 mg/kg, 1 h after inoculation with Staph. aureus. Encapsulated abscesses developed in all animals by Day 4, and there was no mortality. Abscess volume +/- s.l. mean at 4 days was reduced (p less than 0.0005) from 39.9 +/- 3.0 mm3 in controls to 16.7 +/- 3.6 mm3 in the daily dexamethasone group. Abscess volume at 4 days after a single dose of dexamethasone was 39.9 +/- 8.0 mm3. Bacterial concentrations per ml of pus were equivalent in all groups (10(10,6)-10(10.9). The effect of steroids on formation of sterile abscesses was also studied. Abscess volumes were smaller in animals given daily hydrocortisone or dexamethasone when compared to controls, but the difference was significant only for mice receiving daily hydrocortisone. These results suggest that prolonged high-dose steroid administration decreased the magnitude of the acute inflammatory reaction responsible for abscess formation in the soft tissue but did not interfere significantly with the process of containment and encapsulation of s.c. abscesses. A single massive dose of steroid did not influence abscess formation. PMID- 7248165 TI - Effect of dietary chenodeoxycholic acid on intestinal carcinogenesis induced by 1.2 dimethylhydrazine in mice and hamsters. PMID- 7248164 TI - Does misonidazole enhance radiation injury to the central nervous system? PMID- 7248167 TI - Jaundice and wound healing: a tissue-culture study. AB - The effects of jaundice on wound healing have been studied by growing fibroblasts, in vitro, in normal culture media, in culture media to which bilirubin has been added, and in culture media containing sera from jaundiced patients. It has been found that the addition of bilirubin to the culture media causes morphological changes in the fibroblasts, and impairs the growth of cells. The addition of jaundiced human sera to the culture also causes similar changes. PMID- 7248170 TI - Phenobarbitone-induced enlargement of the liver in the rat: its relationship to carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis. AB - The yield of severe cirrhosis of the liver (defined as a shrunken finely nodular liver with micronodular histology, ascites greater than 30 ml, plasma albumin less than 2.2 g/dl, splenomegaly 2-3 times normal, and testicular atrophy approximately half normal weight) after 12 doses of carbon tetrachloride given intragastrically in the phenobarbitone-primed rat was increased from 25% to 56% by giving the initial "calibrating" dose of carbon tetrachloride at the peak of the phenobarbitone-induced enlargement of the liver. At this point it was assumed that the cytochrome P450/CCl4 toxic state was both maximal and stable. The optimal rat size to begin phenobarbitone was determined as 100 g, and this size as a group had a mean maximum relative liver weight increase 47% greater than normal rats of the same body weight. The optimal time for the initial dose of carbon tetrachloride was after 14 days on phenobarbitone. PMID- 7248169 TI - Growth in culture of adenocarcinoma cells from the small intestine of sheep. AB - Explant cultures were initiated from adenocarcinoma of the small intestine in sheep and from various metastases. Several cell types grew, most being fibroblastic in nature. However, 2 cultures yielded mixed cells which arranged themselves into areas of epithelial-like cells surrounded by fibroblast-like cells and this pattern was consistent over 30 subcultures and several months of culturing. The epithelial-like cells were separated from the others by the use of a modified medium containing citrulline or by sedimentation through a bovine serum albumin solution. Various properties, including their growth rate in 5% and 0.5% serum, the absence of surface fibronectin and their ability to grow in semi solid agar, indicated that they may represent carcinoma cells. Screening for virus production from these cells and all other explant cultures proved negative. PMID- 7248168 TI - Surface ultrastructure of the epithelia lining the normal human lower urinary tract. AB - The finding of cells with pleomorphic microvilli in urinary sediments has been proposed as an indicator for urothelial neoplasia. Recently, in addition to such cells, others with less bizarre, non-pleomorphic microvilli have also been found in urothelial cancers, and these cells are similar in appearance to others detected in the urinary sediments of healthy people. When using scanning electron microscopy as a diagnostic tool, these cells are a possible source of confusion. The entire lower urinary tracts from people free of urothelial neoplasia have therefore been examined to delineate the normal surface appearance of all cell types which could appear in the urine. There are 4 predominant cell types: the large, flat squamous cells of the urethral meatus which have abundant microridges; cells with mucus-coated, short, stubby microvilli lining the urethra and renal papilla; immature urothelial cells with chains and ridges of bleb-like processes in the ureters and bladder; and, also in the ureters and bladder, mature urothelial cells with microridges or ruffles. The lining epithelia of the normal urethra and renal papilla may thus contribute cells with non-pleomorphic stubby microvilli to urine sediments, which cannot be differentiated by scanning electron microscopy alone from similar cells derived from urothelial neoplasms. However, the normal complement of cells lining the adult lower urinary tract does not include any with prolific, long, pleomorphic microvilli such as characterize transitional-cell carcinomas of the urothelium. PMID- 7248172 TI - Antigen-induced and zymosan-induced arthritis in mice: studies on in vivo cartilage proteoglycan synthesis and chondrocyte death. AB - The influence of joint inflammation on patellar hyaline articular cartilage was studied in mice. Antigen-induced and zymosan-induced arthritis were used as models for immunologically and non-immunologically induced joint inflammation. The contribution of newly formed proteoglycan to the cartilage proteoglycan content, as measured by labelling of the cartilage after i.v. administration of 35S-sulphate, was decreased in parallel with the severity of inflammation during both zymosan-induced and antigen-induced arthritis. The decreased 35S content of the cartilage was due to inhibition of synthesis rather than breakdown of newly synthesized proteoglycan, since no accelerated release of 35S from arthritic cartilage could be demonstrated in vitro. Antigen-induced arthritis was associated with progressive chondrocyte damage. Loss of chondrocytes was consistently found in the central part of the patella, without nearby presence of pannus. It would appear that, in addition to enzymatic breakdown of cartilage, other phenomena are important in cartilage destruction: inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis and chondrocyte death, apparently unrelated to pannus formation. PMID- 7248171 TI - Tritiated-thymidine-induced increased DNA content and irreversible differentiation in a human melanoma cell line. AB - When cultured in the presence of 2.0 microCi/ml (methyl-3H)thymidine (3H-TdR) the growth rate of 6 human melanoma lines and 1 subline progressively slowed then stopped, a change that was accompanied by loss of reproductive viability as assessed by colony formation in agar, but unaccompanied by a comparable inhibition of thymidine incorporation. In all cases increases in cell size, nuclear size and DNA content were observed. In 1 cell line only, MM96, these changes were accompanied by a profound increase in morphological differentiation. Despite this MM96 did not show increased differentiation in response to 2 x 10( 7) M alpha melanocyte stimulating-hormone (alpha MSH), which in fact stimulated growth, or in response to 10(-3) M N6,O2'-dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (db-cAMP), 10(-3) M theophylline or 5 x 10(-4)M guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP), all of which retarded growth. With none of the cell lines was differentiation increased in response to 10(-3)M db-cAMP although in each case growth was retarded. These results reinforce the importance of colony assays vs DNA synthesis studies in assessing reproductive viability and show that supra reproductively lethal levels of 3H-TdR can by-pass defects in the differentiation pathway of at least one, but not all, human melanoma cell lines. PMID- 7248175 TI - Autoantibodies to an epidermal protease inhibitor in skin diseases. AB - Solid phase radioimmunoassay for measurement of autoantibodies in human sera to an epidermal protein is presented. The protein purified from normal human epidermis is inhibitory to SH-dependent protease and its molecular weight is about 13,000. Antibodies were detected in 139 of the 4,400 sera collected from dermatological patients. Most of the patients suffered from wide-spread eczematous conditions. It is suggested that the antibodies are secondary to the inflammatory conditions, but they may exacerbate or delay the course of the disease. PMID- 7248174 TI - Dermatological non-disease: a common and potentially fatal disturbance of cutaneous body image. AB - A group of patients presenting with dermatological complaints but with no significant objective dermatological pathology on examination are described. Twenty-eight patients, twelve male and sixteen female, age range 16--76 years, mean 46 years, were seen. Symptomatology was confined to three main body areas: the face--eight patients; scalp--nine patients; perineum--eight patients. The complaints related to the face were burning, intense itching and hirsutes. Scalp symptoms included excessive hair loss and intense irritation. Genital symptoms included itching, excessive redness, burning and discomfort, which in three instances prevented the patient sitting. A disturbed body image (dysmorphophobia) was common and the most frequent psychological illness present was depression. Two patients were demented and in two a diagnosis of schizophrenia was made. One patient committed suicide and two patients attempted suicide. Female patients presenting with facial symptoms have a more ominous prognosis, both with regard to the risk of suicide and the development of psychosis. It is important that dermatologists recognize this common group of patients with dermatological non disease. Those patients who are anxiously preoccupied with their skin may be managed by superficial psychotherapy and antidepressants. Those patients who are truly deluded should be referred to a psychiatrist. PMID- 7248173 TI - Effects of long term inhalation of alumina fibres in rats. AB - Groups of rats were exposed by inhalation to atmospheres containing a refractory alumina fibre (Saffil Fibres, I.C.I.) either as manufactured or in a thermally aged form. Similar groups were exposed to UICC chrysotile A asbestos or clean air to serve as positive and negative controls respectively. Exposures continued for 86 weeks after which the animals were maintained to 85% mortality. Pulmonary reaction to both forms of alumina fibre was minimal; chrysotile asbestos provoked the expected progressive fibrosis. Pulmonary tumours (both benign and malignant) were confined to rats dosed with asbestos. The results support the predicted inert nature of these alumina fibres. PMID- 7248177 TI - Severe disorders of keratinization: effects of treatment with Tigason (etretinate). AB - Twenty patients with disabling disorders of keratinization were treated with Tigason (etretinate, Ro 10-9359), an oral aromatic retinoid, and the clinical responses and the effects on the skin were monitored. Most patients showed a considerable clinical improvement within 4 weeks. Side effects, such as cheilitis, were common but mostly transient or minor. In the skin there was a decrease in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity within the granular cell layer of the epidermis, and an increase in mean epidermal thickness and mean corneocyte area. However, there was little apparent effect on epidermal proliferation or on histological and ultrastructural appearances. These findings suggest that the drug acts at a late stage of epidermal differentiation. PMID- 7248176 TI - Synthesis and turnover of membrane glycoconjugates in monolayer culture of pig and human epidermal cells. AB - The regression and turnover of the surface glycoconjugates of trypsin-prepared pig and human cultured epidermal cells have been determined using the glycoprotein precursors N-acetyl-D-(I-3H) glucosamine (3H-NAG) and N-(3H)-acetyl D-mannosamine (3H-NAM). Sialic acid assays have been performed on similar unlabelled cells. The major points which emerged from this study were: (1) Trypsin-damaged cell surfaces are rapidly repaired, probably by normal membrane turnover. There was a 12% regeneration of sialic acid within 2 h and total resynthesis occurred within 24 h. (2) The presence of an internal membrane system, part of which also demonstrates turnover, probably contributed to the speed of surface membrane repair. Some of the glycoprotein/sialic acid of this internal membrane system (30%) remains bound for a considerable length of time. (3) The membrane turnover maintains the cell in equilibrium so that total loss equals the synthesis of glycoprotein. (4) The equilibration of 3H-NAG or 3H-NAM uptake between 24 and 48 h is limited by the relative concentrations of glucose and labelled sugar in the medium at this time. (5) 3H-NAm was a more specific marker of glycoprotein than 2H-NAG. (6) The results for human epidermal cells closely matched those for pig epidermal cells, indicating that pig cells can be used as a model for human cells. PMID- 7248178 TI - The efficacy of an aromatic retinoid, Tigason (etretinate), in the treatment of Darier's disease. AB - Eighteen patients with Darier's disease were treated for at least 3 months with the oral aromatic retinoid Tigason (etretinate, Ro 10-9359). Seventeen of the 18 patients improved but adverse effects were seen in all patients, and were particularly severe in 6. No haematological or biochemical abnormalities were detected during treatment. We conclude that Tigason is an important advance in the treatment of Darier's disease but adverse effects restrict its use in some patients. PMID- 7248179 TI - Low-dose PUVA maintenance in psoriasis following Ingram therapy. AB - Following the initial treatment of severe psoriasis with conventional Ingram therapy, it is shown that PUVA maintenance at a mean dose-rate of 28.6 J/cm2/month increases the average period of remission from 7 weeks to more than a year. Surprisingly, the patients who withdrew from maintenance therapy whilst still in remission have so far continued (10 months) to show an extremely low relapse rate. PMID- 7248180 TI - Sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis: a lymphangiofibrosis thrombotica occlusiva. AB - Three patients with so-called non-venereal sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis are presented. Light and electron microscopy of one case revealed a lymphatic collecting vessel with a fibrin thrombus in the process of recanalization and vessel wall fibrosis due to hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The term 'lymphangiofibrosis thrombotica occlusiva' is proposed. Lymph stasis is suggested as a provoking factor for the dilatation and clinically striking firm thickening of the affected collecting vessel. No microorganisms were recognized. Within the fibrin thrombus, sprouts of endothelial cells showed intracellular vacuoles, probably indicating the first identifiable step in lymph capillary lumen formation. Signs of collagen remodelling were encountered in the thickened vessel wall. PMID- 7248182 TI - British Association of Dermatologists Sixty-First Annual Meeting, 1981 London. Summaries of papers and case reports. PMID- 7248181 TI - An unusual adverse reaction to Ro 10-9359. PMID- 7248183 TI - Increased haemopoietic cell survival in vitro induced by a human marrow fibroblast factor. AB - Human marrow fibroblasts were grown in vitro and examined for effects on human and mouse haemopoietic cells. When human marrow cells were incubated with fibroblasts or with fibroblast-conditioned medium for 1 week and then assayed for committed granulocyte/monocyte (CFU-c) and erythroid (BFU-e) progenitor cells, the numbers of CFU-c and BFU-e were considerably increased compared with controls. In contrast, human marrow-fibroblast-conditioned medium, when added directly to CFU-c or BFU-e assay cultures, had no effect on colony formation by these progenitor cells. As these results suggest that the fibroblast-derived factor may be acting on a relatively primitive progenitor cell, possibly a pluripotent haemopoietic stem cell, the effect of this factor on mouse pluirpotent haemopoietic stem cells (CFU-s) was examined. Human marrow-fibroblast conditioned medium considerably enhanced CFU-s survival after a 24 h incubation and increased the proportion of CFU-s in cell-cycle. The increase in CFU-s survival depended on the concentration of the fibroblast-conditioned medium but not on the age of the fibroblast culture. The evidence suggests therefore that human marrow fibroblasts produce a factor that acts on a human myeloid progenitor cell more primitive than BFU-e and CFU-c, possibly the pluripotent haemopoietic stem cell. PMID- 7248184 TI - Effect of low-dose irradiation on pregnant mouse haemopoiesis. AB - The effects of low-dose gamma radiation to haemopoietic progenitor cell compartments of the marrow and spleen of virgin female mice and pregnant mice were studied. Microplasma clot cultures were used to asses burst-forming unit erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) activity, and double layer agar cultures were established to evaluate granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cell (GM-CFC) and macrophage colony-forming cell (M-CFC). The apparent shift in maternal erythropoiesis from the bone marrow to the enlarged spleen was reflected by an increase in the numbers of CFU-E and BFU-E per spleen and a concomitant decrease in CFU-E and BFU-E per femur. Whereas maternal GM-CFC values per femur increased 36%, maternal GM-CFC per spleen increased by 172% compared to virgin values. There was a greater decrease in M-CFC per spleen than per femur in the pregnant animal when values were compared to the virgin animal. Total-body irradiation to the day-10.5 pregnant mouse caused a further suppression of day 14.5 medullary erythropoiesis (i.e. decreased CFU-E values) compared to the response of the virgin female mouse. An ability of the maternal spleen to support further compensatory erythropoiesis following increasing doses of radiation was demonstrated. 4 d after 1.0 Gy exposure, maternal values for GM-CFC per femur or spleen decreased to nonirradiated virgin mice values. M-CFC per maternal femur decreased following 1.5 Gy, but M-CFC per spleen appeared to be unaffected with doses from 0.5 to 2.0 Gy. PMID- 7248185 TI - Characterization of a developmentally early macrophage progenitor found in normal mouse marrow. AB - In tissue culture high proliferation potential colony forming cells (HPP-CFC, Bradly & Hodgson, 1979) formed large colonies in which macrophages predominated. Granulocyte/macrophage colony forming cells (GM-CFC, Bradley & Metcalf, 1966) formed smaller colonies of granulocytes and macrophages. We compared HPP-CFC from normal adult mouse bone marrow with GM-CFC from the same source. We found that HPP-CFC differed from GM-CFC in the following ways: (1) HPP-CFC formed larger colonies containing more than 5 X 10(4) cells. (2) They required spleen conditioned medium (Metcalf & Johnson, 1978) as well as pregnant mouse uterine extract (PMUE, Bradley et al, 1971) as stimulants. (3) Only 9% of HPP-CFC were killed by the phase specific drug hydroxyurea. 36-55% of GM-CFC were killed by the same treatment. (4) The modal density of HPP-CFC was 1.070 g/cm3. That of GM CFC was 1.080 g/cm3. PMID- 7248186 TI - Aspiration of bone marrow from laboratory rats. PMID- 7248187 TI - Myelofibrosis and prostaglandins: effect of prostaglandin E1 on colony-forming cells (CFU-GM). PMID- 7248189 TI - The platelet count and mean platelet volume. AB - The Coulter Model S-Plus Counter provides a measure of the platelet count and the mean platelet volume (MPV). An analysis of 5000 unselected blood specimens showed an inverse relationship between the number of circulating platelets and their MPV. In nearly 95% of normal adults the platelet count varied from 150 to 450 X 10(9)/l and the MPV from 7.0 to 10.5 fl. Thrombocytosis was found in iron deficiency anaemia, after trauma and acute blood loss and in rhematoid arthritis. Although there is a normal platelet distribution in pregnancy, patients with pre eclampsia and uncomplicated hypertension in late pregnancy tended to have lower platelet counts and larger platelets than controls. A variable platelet pattern was found in infection, renal failure and treated malignant disease. PMID- 7248188 TI - Migration of entire megakaryocytes through the marrow--blood barrier. AB - Electron microscopic evidence is presented to indicate that entire megakaryocytes traverse the marrow--blood barrier and enter the circulation. Passage occurs through apertures of 6 micrometer in diameter, located in the parajunctional areas of the marrow sinus endothelium. Serial sectioning indicates that these apertures are transendothelial rather than interendothelial. The cytoplasm of these megakaryocytes form sinuating elongated projections which may release their platelets in the sinus lumen or when reaching the pulmonary circulation. In the extravascular compartments, megakaryocytes are preferentially located in the subendothelial region. In this location they can send numerous organelle-free projections into the lumen. These projections distinguishable from less numerous organelle-containing projections could serve to 'anchor' the cell to the endothelium. They could also serve to 'monitor' the circulation and to receive information as to the requirement of body for platelet formation. PMID- 7248190 TI - Enzyme linked immunoassay for the detection of platelet associated IgG. AB - An enzyme linked immunoassay incorporating antihuman globulin coupled with alkaline phosphatase has been developed to measure platelet associated IgG (PAIgG). Using a method in which platelet IgG is extracted into the fluid phase after appropriate procedures, we were able to bind the 'solubilized' PAIgG to commercially obtained antihuman IgG (AHG) which had previously been coated onto polystyrene. The amount of PAIgG thus bound was subsequently measured by the addition of the enzyme reagent using p-nitro phenyl phosphate as substrate. With this technique platelets from normal donors were found to have 2.6-17.4 ng/10(6) platelets (mean +/-2 SD). These values are higher than those obtained when assay systems using intact platelets are employed. Platelets from patients with immune thrombocytopenia had PAIgG values of 8.2-98.0 ng/10(6) platelets. In a few patients with disorders other than autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) increased levels of PAIgG were also demonstrated. The assumption that increased PAIgG always represents platelet autoantibody may not be valid. The relevance of PAIgG as a parameter in the diagnosis and clinical management of patients with AITP is discussed. PMID- 7248191 TI - Factor VII deficiency: immunological characterization of genetic variants and detection of carriers. AB - Twenty-one patients with congenital factor VII deficiency belonging to 16 different kindreds were investigated. The existence of three immunochemical variants on the ground of factor VII activity (VII:C) and factor VII-related antigen (VII:Ag) levels (VII-, VII+ and VIIR) was established. There was no correlation between the presence of factor VII:Ag and either the clinical picture or the specific function as studied with the Km calculations. Genetically the model of inheritance is the same whatever the immunological variant, but the identification of carriers is simplified when the presence of factor VII-related antigen is assayed throughout a kindred. PMID- 7248192 TI - Development of the accelerated phase during ascorbic acid therapy in Chediak Higashi syndrome and efficacy of colchicine on its management. AB - Clinical studies were done on a patient with Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) with special emphasis on the accelerated phase. In order to obtain further information on the accelerated phase, haematopoiesis was studied by bone marrow culture techniques. The patient was placed on ascorbic acid therapy but she entered the accelerated phase, although the therapy improved in vitro neutrophil function to some extent. Administration of microtubulytic drugs such as vincristine, vinblastine and colchicine was effective in the management of the accelerated phase. Numbers of macrophage-granulocytic (CFU-C) and erythroid (CFU-E) progenitor cells were markedly decreased or absent during the accelerated phase, being another indicator of the accelerated phase. PMID- 7248193 TI - Cytogenetics and granulopoietic effects of bone marrow fibroblastic cells in Fanconi's anaemia. AB - To determine if abnormalities exist in the bone marrow stroma in Fanconi's anaemia, we studied the cytogenetic composition of in vitro bone marrow fibroblastic cells (FC) from a patient with this disorder and compared it to those obtained from skin fibroblasts, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and direct bone marrow preparations. The presence of granulocytic progenitors in bone marrow and T lymphocyte colonies in peripheral blood was also determined in addition to the ability of this patient's FC to stimulate normal granulocytic progenitors. We found that the FC had far fewer chromosomal abnormalities and stimulated normally the growth of granulocyte colonies. Granulocyte progenitors were not found, but T lymphocyte colonies were abundant. These results support the concept that a defect in haematopoietic stromal elements is not responsible for the aplasia developing in the disorder. PMID- 7248194 TI - Mechanisms of the mind: a psychiatrist's perspective. PMID- 7248196 TI - Units of observation and perspectives on the psychoanalytic process. AB - Over the past quarter century, brief segments of tape-recorded psychotherapy have become the most widely employed unit for the empirical investigation of the psychotherapeutic process. Our aim was to see how judgements based upon brief segments of tape-recorded psychoanalysis corresponded with judgements based upon the hours from which they were taken. Seven experienced psychoanalysts independently made clinical and quantitative judgements about 29 treatment related variables on 24 five-minute segments excerpted from psychoanalytic sessions and on the 12 whole sessions from which they were taken. It was found that judgements about the major dimensions of the therapeutic relationship, i.e. transference, based upon segments did not correlate with judgements based upon entire sessions. Judgements based upon segments were less reliable and tended to isolate one participant from another. Judgements based upon sessions were more reliable and captured the basic dimensions of the treatment process, particularly as related to the transference and therapeutic relationship. These findings confirm the results of the only other reported study (Mintz & Luborsky, 1971) in which such comparisons were made and suggest that brief segments cannot be naively substituted for entire sessions for the study of the psychotherapeutic process. PMID- 7248195 TI - On the process and practice of psychotherapy: some reflections. AB - Recent research in psychotherapy has emphasized its scientific and technological status. It is argued that the 'doing to' functions in therapy omit essential considerations of intentionality and meaning. The contrasting terms of 'image' and 'plan' are used to demonstrate the role of the construct system or assumptive world in therapeutic change. The problematic nature of change is considered and some fundamental 'deep structural' commitments in therapy are proposed. PMID- 7248197 TI - In-patient community meetings: problems and purposes. AB - The role of the in-patient community meeting is discussed in relation to the general difficulty of attributing specific effectiveness to any type of therapeutic activity on an in-patient service. Close scrutiny of such units demonstrates that staff and patients are composed of several heterogeneous subgroups, not all of whom share common attitudes and values or benefit from similar activities. Within this framework the major problems as well as functions of the community meeting are discussed. Specific questions which await investigation with clinical research are elaborated. PMID- 7248198 TI - Does invalidation produce loose construing? AB - This study tested Bannister's (1963) serial invalidation hypothesis that repeated invalidation of a person's judgements loosens conceptual organization. That is, a person's constructs or dimensions of judgement will become more weakly and inconsistently related. Using a variant of Kelly's (1955) repertory grid methodology, thirty university students rated three sets of eight career roles on sixteen constructs. During the ratings of the second set, subjects received both evaluative commentary from the experimenter and objective evidence in the form of fake ratings. Both types of feedback were either invalidating or validating of subjects' judgements on the first eight constructs. The main finding was that invalidation loosened conceptual organization, but only for subjects who initially manifested strong relations among constructs. Subjects who began with weaker construct relations were not significantly affected by type of feedback. PMID- 7248199 TI - Validity studies on the Ryle Marital Patterns Test. AB - The case for a questionnaire for assessing marital interaction has been enhanced by recent research showing that patterns of marital interaction can indicate prognosis in schizophrenia, alcoholism, neurotic illnesses and depression. This paper reviews previous studies which have provided information on the validity of Ryle's Marital Patterns Test and presents additional data from Adelaide studies of psychiatric in-patients and family planning clinic patients. The affection scales, especially affection received, have shown good agreement with external criteria in four studies. Problems with face validity and internal consistency suggest that three items should be excluded from scoring in the current affection scales. Future development of this type of questionnaire might expand the affection dimension to include more items on hostility and criticism. The utility of the domination scale is less certain because of the relativity of the concept and unsatisfactory agreement with external criteria of domination. PMID- 7248201 TI - Abnormal treatment behaviour. PMID- 7248200 TI - The lateralization of symptoms in schizophrenia. AB - An awareness of symptoms being lateralized was established in almost half of a series of 60 acutely ll schizophrenics and is reported in a further series of 16 patients with this disorder. Case illustrations are given. The symptoms most commonly showing this phenomenon were hypochondriacal delusions and hallucinations, usually of an auditory kind. Possible mechanisms underlying the phenomenon are discussed. Some evidence was found for a difference between the sexes in the direction of lateralization symptoms. PMID- 7248202 TI - Hypochondriasis and tendency to adopt the sick role as moderators of the relationship between life-events and somatic symptomatology. AB - The relationship between measures of hypochondriasis and the tendency to adopt a sick role, life-events and somatic symptomatology was explored. A sample of 85 married couples drawn from the community (n = 170) completed mailed questionnaires about the past year's events and symptoms and about hypochondriasis and sick-role tendency. Life-events were related to symptoms (r = 0.17) as were hypochondriasis, sick-role tendency, and subjects' sex (rs = 0.23, 0.16, 0.22, respectively). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that hypochondriasis and sick-role tendency were also related to the association between events and symptoms, such that subjects with high scores on the former measures showed a reduced event-symptoms correlation compared with low and moderate scorers. Low scorers on hypochondriasis and sick-role tendency had a considerably stronger relationship between events and symptoms compared to those typically reported in the literature. It was suggested that hypochondriasis and sick-role tendency may be moderators of the life-event-symptom relationship and as such deserve more widespread use in life-events research. PMID- 7248203 TI - In search of correspondences between age at psychiatric breakdown and parental age at death--'anniversary reactions'. AB - The phenomenon of psychiatric breakdown occurring when the subject reaches the age his/her parent was at death, misleadingly referred to by Hilgard as an 'anniversary reaction', is examined. It is contrasted to breakdown occurring at the anniversary of the death of a significant person and compared with the concept of nemesis as described by Chapman. An attempt is made to assess the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients breaking down at times of such age correspondence in samples of early and late mother-bereaved women from North East Scotland. It is concluded that the phenomenon is not common and is not associated with specific clinical features. Some illustrative cases are presented. PMID- 7248205 TI - Sexual dysfunction and hysteria. PMID- 7248204 TI - The making of a Munchausen. AB - The author presents a developmental case history of a Munchausen patient in an effort to understand the evolution of the behavioural patterns associated with the syndrome. The case history documents a pattern of behaviour characterized by: frequent hospitalizations for diffuse ailments, beginning in infancy and persisting into adulthood; inadequate acquisition of appropriate social values and behaviours within the context of the nuclear family; persistent difficulties in adjusting to the demands of school, as expressed in poor academic performance, delinquent behaviour, and poor peer relationships; conflicted social role behaviour regarding work performance, criminal behaviour, and increased abuse of health care services; eventual severance of family ties and the adoption of a 'hobo' life-style which utilizes hospitals for social support and personal definition. This case is compared with a similar study, recently published, and the affinities between the developmental histories and diagnostic criteria descriptive of 'antisocial personality disorder' are emphasized. PMID- 7248206 TI - Interpersonal variables in behavioural group therapy. AB - Attraction towards the group as a whole and to male and female co-leaders was self-rated after each of 10 sessions of behavioural group therapy. Fifty-one patients with specific interpersonal skills deficits completed the course after being randomly assigned to nine small groups employing either (a) role rehearsal and modelling, or (b) guided discussion. Higher levels of attraction were obtained in role-rehearsal groups. This was associated with improved self-esteem and a reduction of specific social fears at the end of treatment. Drop-outs showed less attraction and tended to leave the groups at critical stages in their development. The findings suggest that greater attention to specific interpersonal variables may enhance the effectiveness of group therapies. PMID- 7248207 TI - The doctor's husband. AB - A study of 162 females, actively employed as medical practitioners, was conducted to examine perceived characteristics of their husbands and to determine whether such attributes might relate to the women's commitment to and satisfaction with medical practice. A questionnaire assessing personality characteristics of such husbands was produced by a factor analytic technique, and the final measure is tabled. Eighteen items loaded clearly on one of three factors measuring perceptions of general support by husbands, levels of type A characteristics within the husbands, and the degree to which husbands were against their wives' medical career. Factor-specific scores on those dimensions were examined against other variables, and associations were found linking scale scores with variables in the female practitioners including age, type of medical practice, hours of employment, and satisfaction with medical practice. Husbands who were medical graduates were scored higher on type A characteristics and fathered more children than the other husbands. PMID- 7248208 TI - Social skills and somatotype. AB - The hypothesis that somatotype is closely related to social skills and that the response of patients with social disability to social skills training might also relate to these genetically controlled factors has been supported. Twenty-one subjects seeking treatment for social phobia were assessed by interview, videotape, diary, and somatotype measures. Ectomorphs used less non-verbal communication and endomorphs were more restless. Women used fewer gestures but their speech was less hesitant than men. Social skills training benefited the shorter, plumper physique more than the linear ectomorph and, to some extent, and independently, the older subjects. PMID- 7248209 TI - Generative rules and the therapeutic community. AB - Residential institutions require explicit theories of institutional functioning, which incorporate an account of personal change. The theory of functioning of therapeutic communities must be related to theories of personality. It is suggested that the predominantly trait theories of personality disorder used by psychiatrists do not escape the critique of trait theories of personality in general (Mischel, 1968). Theories based upon generative rules (Argyle, 1976) seem to provide a better basis for a theory of functioning of the therapeutic community. PMID- 7248210 TI - Some considerations on the clinic treatment of children of divorce. AB - A case is presented involving counselling for a divorced mother and psychotherapy for her child. Review of the literature suggests that the suitability of a Child Guidance Clinic intervention when parents are divorced can depend on the age of the child, the nature of the parents' relationship and the timing of the referral. During the divorce crisis, children can be helped by a brief, individual intervention. After this period, family therapy--if possible to include the non-custodial parent--may help clarify issues relevant to the parents and remove the burden of symptom-carrier from the child. Long-term, individual psychotherapy for the child is crucially dependent on a sufficiently 'containing' setting and on parents who genuinely desire change. Our own experience has been that the clinic workers must always remain aware of the legal issues--i.e. which parent has custody, care and control--as this will determine who has the right to accept a treatment offer for the child. PMID- 7248211 TI - From denial to self-awareness: a 20 years' study of a case of childhood delinquency evolving into adult neurosis. AB - This is a study of the evolution of delinquency into adult neurosis in a girl whose analytic psychotherapy began in pre-puberty. With some interruptions the treatment was extended over nearly 20 years. The antisocial tendency, which was serious enough to lead to appearance in juvenile courts, continued until late adolescence when the first signs of a fully fledged neurosis made their appearance. The psychodynamics of the case are followed through from the overwhelming use of denial, splitting and omnipotence, as seen in most cases of delinquency, to the development of a sufficient degree of insight linked with self-awareness. Considerable difficulties were experienced in view of the severity of the psychopathology and the limitations of the psychotherapy as only once-a-week sessions could be offered to the patient. Although the therapeutic result was short of a full recovery, the therapy provided the patient and the therapist with the opportunity of gaining a fair understanding of the origins and nature of the delinquency as well as of the later neurotic features. PMID- 7248213 TI - Assessing feelings reported by depressives in research investigations. AB - This paper evaluates four propositions as part of a long-term investigation of already published data. The aim of the investigation is to see whether there might be self-reported feelings uniquely related to clinical depression. The propositions are: (i) indices of strength of association are a necessary addition to conventional tests of significance; (ii) the degree of complexity of scales used to rate feelings is quantifiable and can throw light upon research findings, (iii) the form and content of the communication of feelings can largely account for important discrepancies in research findings; and (iv) feelings expressed referentially are weakly associated with clinical depression. The re-examination of a set of already published data produced a confirmation of propositions (i) and (ii) and partial but constructive negations of propositions (iii) and (iv). PMID- 7248212 TI - Philosophical problems in psychology and psychiatry. PMID- 7248214 TI - Traumatic intracranial haemorrhage in firstborn infants and delivery with obstetric forceps. AB - Exclusive of breech presentation, traumatic intracranial haemorrhage was demonstrated at necropsy on 27 occasions in 36 420 consecutive firstborn infants. All 27 were forceps deliveries. The main conclusion is that serious injury to the forecoming head at birth is almost invariably a direct effect of forceps. The relevance of this conclusion to some aspects of contemporary obstetric practice is discussed briefly. PMID- 7248216 TI - Prevalence of Yeast and fungi other than Candida albicans in the vagina of normal young women. AB - Yeasts and fungi other than Candida albicans were isolated from the vagina of 86 out of 1498 women (5.7 per cent) who attended a family planning clinic and they comprised 27.7 per cent of all fungal species obtained. These fungi were significantly more common in women aged 35 years and over and in those who used the diaphragm than in others. They were no more common in women with an abnormal vaginal discharge on examination than in others; and they were no more common in women with genitourinary symptoms than in women without. PMID- 7248215 TI - Prevalence of bacteria in the vagina of normal young women. AB - We report on factors related to the prevalence of bacteria in the vagina of 1498 women who were attending a family planning clinic. Anaerobes were significantly commoner in women with an abnormal vaginal discharge on clinical examination, in women with a history of a troublesome vaginal discharge and in women who used an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) than in others. The association between anaerobes and abnormalities of vaginal discharge was found both in women who used the IUCD and in women who did not. We found no significant associations between symptoms and other bacterial species or combinations of species. Coliforms were significantly commoner in women who did not use tampons, in women who used the diaphragm and in women who had received recent antibacterial or antifungal treatment than in others. Lactobacilli were significantly commoner in women who used the contraceptive pill, and were significantly less common in women who harboured Candida albicans, anaerobes, coliforms or enterococci and in women who had been treated with antibacterial drugs, than in others. We found no important associations between the presence of bacteria and the patients' age, parity or social class. PMID- 7248217 TI - Puerperal haematological indices. AB - Haematological indices were studied serially in 33 healthy women, at one week before delivery, during the first six days of the puerperium, at six weeks and six months post partum. Red cell count, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit decreased during the first four days of the puerperium; haemoglobin concentrations up to 3.5 g/dl less than pre-delivery values were recorded in the absence of clinical postpartum haemorrhage. The second puerperal day haemoglobin concentration correlates most closely with the six week postpartum value. A leucocytosis of greater than 20 X 10(9)/1 was found on the first puerperal day in 15 per cent of the women studied. PMID- 7248218 TI - Prolactin concentration in vaginal fluid: a new method for diagnosing ruptured membranes. AB - Prolactin concentrations were assayed in vaginal fluid, urine and plasma in 20 women between 38 and 41 weeks gestation. Plasma concentrations of 12.3 (7.3-20.8) mU/ml (n = 40) were found whereas urine concentrations were low or undetectable. Vaginal fluid concentrations were generally lower than 0.25 mU/ml but occasionally elevated up to 3 mU/ml in women with unruptured membranes. Half an hour after artificial rupture of the membranes, vaginal fluid prolactin concentrations were always higher than paired maternal plasma concentrations (p less than 0.001). In women suspected of premature rupture of the membranes, prolactin concentrations in vaginal fluid were always higher than the plasma concentrations except in those in whom the clinical outcome showed that the membranes had not ruptured. A rapid prolactin radioimmunoassay is therefore recommended as a new clinical tool for the diagnosis or exclusion of prematurely ruptured membranes. PMID- 7248219 TI - Plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine in pregnancy hypertension. AB - The resting plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine were measured in nine hypertensive women and seven normotensive women in the third trimester of pregnancy on two successive days. The mean plasma adrenaline concentrations on the two days in the hypertensive women (442 and 298 pg/ml) were significantly higher than in the normotensive women (43.9 and 61.6 pg/ml). The mean plasma noradrenaline concentrations in the hypertensive women (232 and 274 pg/ml) were higher than in the normotensive women (48 and 110 pg/ml) and the difference was significant on Day 1 but not Day 2. The mean plasma dopamine concentrations in the hypertensive women (98.6 and 62.1 pg/ml) were higher than in the normotensive women (23.2 and 26.0 pg/ml) and the difference was significant on Day 1 but not Day 2. The plasma adrenaline/noradrenaline ratios were significantly increased in the hypertensive compared with the normotensive women on both days. It is suggested that sympathetic nervous system activity may be increased in some women with hypertension in pregnancy. PMID- 7248220 TI - Elevation of maternal serum myoglobin concentrations during delivery. AB - Serum myoglobin was determined by radioimmunoassay in 32 women immediately after delivery, in the umbilical cord blood of 30 newborn infants, in 18 women in the third trimester of pregnancy and in 24 healthy non-pregnant women. In maternal blood following delivery there was a 3 to 10 fold rise in serum myoglobin concentration (mean +/- SD = 117.2 +/- 82.5 ng/ml). On the other hand, in umbilical cord blood and in late pregnancy, serum myoglobin concentrations did not differ from those in healthy non-pregnant women (mean +/- SD = 23.6 ng/ml). PMID- 7248222 TI - Fetal death following extra-amniotic prostaglandin gel. Report of two cases. AB - Intrauterine fetal death occurred in two pregnancies following the extra-amniotic insertion of prostaglandin gel to ripen the cervix. An antenatal cardiotocogram before gel insertion was normal in each case. Continuous external cardiotocography should be used in patients with a high risk pregnancy who undergo ripening of the cervix before induction of labour. PMID- 7248221 TI - Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of cervical incompetence in pregnancy-a new diagnostic approach. AB - Ultrasonography was used to measure the width of the internal os in 24 patients, for whom a McDonald operation was planned because they were considered to have cervical incompetence and in 19 women with normal obstetric histories. The mean widths of the internal os were 2.57 cm +/- 0.36 and 1.67 cm +/- 0.23, respectively (p less than 0.001). This new and objective procedure, which is used during pregnancy, provides an additional method for the diagnosis of cervical incompetence. PMID- 7248223 TI - Prolactin, fluid balance and lactation. AB - The hypothesis that prolactin may play a part in osmoregulation was investigated by given a hypotonic fluid load to two groups of normal lactating women. No changes in serum prolactin, milk yield, serum or breast milk osmolality were noted, suggesting that encouraging women to drink excessively has no effect upon lactation, either in terms of yield or composition of milk. PMID- 7248224 TI - Enterobius vermicularis infestation of the female genital tract causing generalised peritonitis. Case report. AB - Enterobius (Oxyuris) vermicularis is the only nematode which infests man. It inhabits the large intestine and is of low pathogenicity. The ova are occasionally found in ectopic sites within the peritoneal cavity, usually as an asymptomatic granuloma. We describe the first patient to present with generalised peritonitis caused by rupture of a tubo-ovarian abscess containing the ova of Enterobius vermicularis. PMID- 7248225 TI - Multiple births in Hausa women. PMID- 7248226 TI - An ultrastructural study of utero-placental spiral arteries in hypertensive and normotensive pregnancy and fetal growth retardation. AB - Uteroplacental spiral arteries in placental bed biopsies and placentas form 80 pregnancies were studied by light and electron microscopy; of these 30 were complicated by fatal growth retardation(less than 10th centile) and 45 by hypertension during pregnancy. The physiological changes of the spiral arteries and the vascular pathology present in hypertensive pregnancy and fetal growth retardation were investigated. In normotensive pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation, the physiological changes of pregnancy frequently did not extend beyond the decidual segments of the utero-placental arteries. In pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia, the physiological changes of pregnancy were not always restricted to the decidual segments of the utero-placental arteries. Atheromatous-like lesions of similar morphology were found in spiral arteries from both normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation. No arteriopathy was found which was specific for pre eclampsia. PMID- 7248227 TI - Meteorological relations of eclampsia in Lagos, Nigeria. AB - A retrospective study of the meteorological relations of eclampsia in Lagos, Nigeria supports other observations that the incidence of this disease varies significantly with the weather. Protective action by arid conditions is consistent with the known effect of dehydration on convulsions of differing aetiologies and is attributable to increased pulmonary transpirational water loss. Exacerbation of eclampsia by cool, humid conditions may therefore reflect excessive water retention, due partly to suppressed pulmonary transpiration and partly to kidney malfunction in those women. PMID- 7248229 TI - Effects of intramuscular pethidine on fetal heart rate variability during labour. AB - The effects of intramuscularly administered pethidine on indices of fetal heart rate (FHR) variability were studied during labour in 20 women. The differential index, describing the short term variability, and the interval index, describing the long-term variability, were measured from direct fetal electrocardiograms by a micro-processor-based 'on-line' system. The indices were measured form 10 minute samples, one before the pethidine injection and nine times after the injection. The interval index decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) with the maximum effect 40 minutes after the injection. The differential index also showed a decreasing trend, with a maximum at 40 minutes, but the change was not significant. Both indices returned to the pre-injection level after 60 minutes. The effect of pethidine on FHR variability during labour might cause difficulties in assessing the fetal state. PMID- 7248228 TI - Comparison of epidural and intramuscular pethidine for analgesia in labour. AB - Analgesia mediated by a direct spinal action of narcotic drugs administered via the epidural route may have considerable advantages over conventional(conduction block) epidural analgesia in labour. The efficacy, mode of action and placental transfer of epidurally administered narcotics in labour has not yet been established. We have compared the systemic absorption, analgesia and other effects on the mothers and transfer of drug to the fetus in primigravidae who received epidural or intramuscular pethidine 100 mg in labour. The superior analgesia following epidural pethidine did not appear to be attributable to a selective spinal action but rather to higher plasma concentrations of pethidine together with a possible weak regional conduction block due to local anaesthetic action of 1% pethidine solution. Epidural pethidine is not an advantageous method for providing analgesia in labour. PMID- 7248230 TI - Management of term breech presentation in primigravidae. AB - In a prospective study of 231 breech presentations in primigravidae at term 260 (81 per cent) were delivered vaginally with no perinatal mortality. A single case of fetal injury (Erb's palsy) was recorded and only one infant had an Apgar score of under 7 at 5 minutes. In 17 patients selected for vaginal delivery, caesarean section was necessary for abnormal uterine activity, prolapse of the umbilical cord of fetal distress. Elective caesarean section wad performed if routine x-ray pelvimetry showed values below defined limits at the brim, midcavity, or outlet or if the fetal head was extended. PMID- 7248231 TI - Is oxytocin involved in parturition? AB - Peripheral plasma levels of oxytocin were determined in women during pregnancy and labour. There was a significant increase in maternal plasma oxytocin with advancing gestation but no significant change in levels at any stage of labour. Oxytocin concentrations in umbilical cord plasma were measured after spontaneous vaginal delivery and at elective caesarean section. A significant arteriovenous difference, with higher arterial levels, was found in both groups and the values after labour were significantly higher tha at elective caesarean section. These findings suggest that the fetus is able to produce oxytocin which may play a role in human parturition. PMID- 7248232 TI - Effect of terbutaline on the human fetal placental circulation. AB - The effect of terbutaline, a beta2-adrenoceptor stimulator, on the vascular resistance of isolated human placenta was examined. Terbutaline produced no change in basal placental vascular resistance, but when the placental vessels were constricted with angiotensin, terbutaline produced a graded decrease in vascular resistance. The vasodilating effect of a high dose of terbutaline was smaller than the effect 20 microgram of isoprenaline and the effect was significantly blocked by propranolol, a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist. The results suggest that the vasodilating effect of terbutaline on the fetal placental circulation can play a role in the improvement of fetal condition during treatment of premature labour and intrapartum fetal distress. PMID- 7248233 TI - The reproducibility of fetal crown rump length measurements obtained with real time ultrasound systems compared with those of a conventional B-scanner. AB - Comparison of the reproducibility of fetal crown rump length measurements (CRL) obtained in a resting state by sonar with a phase focused linear array real time scanner, a real time mechanical sector scanner, and a static B-scanner did not show any significant differences between machines. Maternal movement was found to produce a change in fetal intrauterine position and to induce fetal movement. Examination following maternal movement was felt to be more representative of clinical conditions and produced greater variability of CRL measurement, shown by all machines to a differing extent, although the differences between machines were not substantial. There is some evidence that the discernment of fetal movement and the quality of fetal echoes obtained with different machines affects the reproducibility of CRL measurement. Thus variability of CRL measurement with every machine is small in terms of gestational age and justifies the use of real time machines to establish gestational age. PMID- 7248234 TI - Fetal death immediately following normal antenatal fetal heart rate pattern. Case report. AB - A fetal death occurred during antenatal non-stressed cardiotocography in a woman with gestational diabetes. The death occurred immediately following 30 minutes of normal fetal heart rate tracing with an active baby and with normal biochemical tests of placental function. PMID- 7248236 TI - Coitus and antepartum haemorrhage. AB - The relationship of coitus to antepartum haemorrhage was explored in a longitudinal study of 56 568 pregnancies. The frequency of the haemorrhages was 19/1000 births when women reported no recent coitus compared with 30/1000 when there had been recent coitus (p less than 0.001). The frequency of the bleeding increased with the frequency of coitus. The correlation between coitus and bleeding was independent of other factors known to increase the risk of antepartum bleeding including cigarette smoking, hypertension, advancing maternal age and placenta praevia. PMID- 7248235 TI - The effect of genital mycoplasmas on human fetal growth. AB - The relation between maternal genital colonization by mycoplasmas and fetal growth was examined in a study of 195 women. Swabs were taken from the endocervix on three occasions during pregnancy and once post partum. Ureaplasma urealyticum organisms (ureaplasmas) were recovered from 42.7 per cent of Caucasian women and from 34.6 per cent of Asian women at their first antenatal visit. These isolation rates remained similar throughout pregnancy, although there was a decrease in isolation after delivery. Mycoplasma hominis was recovered from 6.5 per cent of Caucasians and from 11.5 per cent of Asians at their first antenatal visit and these rates remained fairly constant during pregnancy and after delivery. Caucasian women colonized by ureaplasmas had a longer mean length of gestation (p less than 0.025) than non-colonized women. Furthermore, the colonized women gave birth to infants who had a statistically significant greater mean birth weight and a greater mean birth weight-for-dates than those of the non-colonized Caucasians. There was no correlation between gestational length, birth weight, or birth weight-for-dates and genital colonization of Asian mothers by ureaplasmas or M. hominis. It is clear the ureaplasmas are not associated with low birth weight in our population. PMID- 7248237 TI - Monoamniotic twins with an unusual cord complication. Case report. AB - During the birth of monoamniotic twins the second twin's cord was divided after the birth of the first twin's head. Both infants survived. Division of a cord around the neck of a first twin should be avoided wherever possible. PMID- 7248239 TI - Extensive thrombo-embolic disease in pregnancy treated with a Kimray Greenfield vena cava filter. Case report. AB - A case of extensive ileofemoral venous thrombosis complicating a twin pregnancy was treated with a Kimray Greenfield inferior vena caval filter to prevent embolism. This is the first report of an inferior vena caval filter being used during pregnancy. Successful management of thrombo-embolic disease in pregnancy requires accurate diagnosis and aggressive surgical management together with a standardised anticoagulant regimen. PMID- 7248240 TI - Editorial: the continuing challenge of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7248241 TI - Diabetic retinopathy in the dog. AB - The literature on diabetic retinopathy in the dog is reviewed. A case report, including the ophthalmoscopic appearance of typical diabetic retinopathy, in an 8 1/2-year old standard poodle known to be diabetic for over 7 years, is given. The relationship between the duration of diabetes and the retinopathy is discussed. PMID- 7248238 TI - Genital and pelvic actinomycosis. Case report. AB - A case of unilateral tubovarian actinomycotic abscess associated with a Lippes Loop intrauterine contraceptive is presented. PMID- 7248242 TI - Angioid streaks in Jamaican patients with homozygous sickle cell disease. AB - Angioid streaks were observed in 21 of 242 patients with homozygous sickle cell disease. Two morphological types were observed. There is no evidence that angioid streaks in Jamaican patients are related to pseudoxanthoma elasticum. PMID- 7248243 TI - The dark choroid in posterior retinal dystrophies. AB - Many patients with heredomacular degeneration exhibit a peculiar fluorescein angiographic finding of absence of the normal background fluorescence (a dark choroid). The cause of this is unknown but may relate to the deposition of an abnormal material in the retinal pigment epithelial cells. The finding does not correlate with severity or duration of disease but is more frequent in patients with flecks. The finding may be useful in subdividing heredomacular degenerations into more specific disease groups. PMID- 7248244 TI - Prophylactic circumferential cryopexy: a retrospective study of 106 eyes. AB - A retrospective study of 106 eye which have undergone prophylactic circumferential cryopexy is presented. The complications involving the anterior segment were iritis, transient cycloplegia, as fixed dilated pupil, and cataract formation. Those involving the posterior segment were vitreous, subchoroidal and retinal haemorrhage, and preretinal fibrosis. The incidence of retinal detachment was 7.5% (8/106) after an average follow-up of 33 months. The importance of a confluent cryopexy choroidoretinal reaction is demonstrated. The indications are reviewed and a rationale for the technique of application is proposed. PMID- 7248245 TI - Retinal detachment surgery without cryotherapy. AB - A series of cases of retinal detachment treated without the application of cryotherapy at the time of surgery has been studied. The omission of cryotherapy while not interfering with retinal reattachment, carries the risk of redetachment at a later date. Macular pucker may still occur in spite of the absence of cryotherapy. PMID- 7248246 TI - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide activation of the esterase reaction of horse liver aldehyde dehydrogenase. AB - The esterase reaction catalyzed by horse liver aldehyde dehydrogenase is activated with NAD(H) by factors of 2 under a Vmax assay and of 6.8 at low ester concentrations (Feldman, R. I., & Weiner, H. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 267-272). Stopped-flow experiments suggested that an initial burst of 0.4 mol followed by a second burst of 1 mol of nitrophenol per mol of tetrameric enzyme occurred in the absence of NAD, while the magnitudes increased to 2 and 4 mol/mol of enzyme in its presence. If the enzyme was incubated for 1 min with NAD, the burst phase was 4 mol/mol of enzyme. Nonlinear Lineweaver--Burk plots were found in the absence and presence of NAD, but incubation with NAD for 1 min abolished the biphasic response. Mg2+ ions activate the dehydrogenase reaction of horse liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (Takahashi, K., & Weiner, H. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8206-8209). The metal neither increased the esterase reaction nor affected the NAD activation. The rate-limiting step for the esterase reaction was thought to be the formation of an acyl intermediate, while that for the dehydrogenase reaction was deacylation (Weiner, H., Hu, J. H. J., & Sanny, C. G. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 3853-3855). Finding that a full burst exists for the esterase reaction in the presence of NAD shows that the deacylation step or product dissociation can become rate limiting. The major kinetic alteration produced by NAD is to increase the rate of acylation while not affecting deacylation. The presence of NAD appears to activate the attack of the active-site nucleophile on the carbonyl group of the substrate. PMID- 7248247 TI - Molecular characterization of human clathrin. AB - Clathrin extracted from coated vesicles at pH 8.0 sediments as a single boundary with 8.1S sedimentation constant (s020,w) of 8.1 +/- 0.1 S. Sedimentation equilibrium gave a molecular weight (Mr) of 610 000 +/- 30 000. The clathrin frictional ratio (pH 7.5) computed from s020,w and Mr is very large, i.e., 3.06 +/- 0.18. Analysis of the circular dichroic spectrum in the far-ultraviolet showed that about half of the peptide residues are in a alpha-helical conformation. The molecular weight of a preparation of clathrin purified to homogeneity on a Sepharose CL-4B column in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride was 170 000 +/- 26 000 by sedimentation equilibrium, which is in agreement with the values we and others obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The 8.1S clathrin species may be regarded as the "native" promoter since (1) it is extracted from coated vesicles by an extremely mild procedure, (2) it is stable over considerable ranges of pH, temperature, and ionic strength, and (3) it readily polymerizes into characteristic closed lattice structures resembling those observed in coated vesicles in the electron microscope. The 8.1S clathrin molecule self-associates at pH 6.3 to form two very high molecular weight species with average sedimentation coefficients of 150 and 300 S. The sedimenting boundaries of both of these species have been analyzed to reveal their molecular heterogeneity. The two species observed by sedimentation velocity may correspond to the two sizes of coated vesicles previously reported to be present in some cells when observed by electron microscopy. Analysis of the sedimentation pattern in the ultracentrifuge also gives the amount of unreacted 8.1S clathrin from which the yield of polymerizable clathrin is obtainable. This methodology can therefore be employed to estimate the quality of the 8.1S preparation of clathrin and thereby affords an assay of its activity. PMID- 7248248 TI - Kinetics of soluble lipid monomer diffusion between vesicles. AB - The fluorescent phospholipid 1-acyl-2-[12-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4 yl)amino]dodecanoyl]phosphatidylcholine (C12-NBD-PC) was used to study the kinetics of lipid transfer between phospholipid vesicles. A model based on lipid transfer resulting from the diffusion of soluble monomers was found to accurately predict the kinetics of this transfer process. From these studies, we conclude that (i) C12-NBD-PC transfer between vesicles results from the diffusion of soluble monomers and not from vesicle collision, (ii) the rate at which a lipid molecule enters or leaves a bilayer is dependent upon both its molecular structure and the characteristics of the donor and acceptor bilayers, and (iii) under the appropriate conditions, either the rate of lipid association or dissociation from the bilayer or a combination of both may determine the rate of transfer. PMID- 7248249 TI - Modification of fibrinogen chains during synthesis: glycosylation of B beta and gamma chains. AB - Specific immunoprecipitation and affinity chromatography on Con A-Sepharose of in vitro translated products derived from rat liver messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), total polysomes, and rough microsomes have been used to determine temporal events of glycosylation of the subunits of fibrinogen. The A alpha chain is not glycosylated, whereas both the B beta and the gamma chains have carbohydrate clusters (probably Asn linked). Evidence presented here shows that the gamma chain receives its core carbohydrate as an early cotranslational event. The B beta chain is glycosylated later and likely is glycosylated at the time of polypeptide termination or shortly after it is released from the ribosome into the cisternal space of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7248250 TI - Conformational study of the potent peptide hormone antagonist [1-penicillamine,2 leucine]oxytocin in aqueous solution. AB - [1-Penicillamine,2-leucine]oxytocin is a conformationally restricted analogue of oxytoxin in which the half-cystine-1 and tyrosine-2 residues of the native hormone are replaced by half-penicillamine (beta, beta-dimethyl-half-cystine) and leucine, respectively. This analogue is a surprisingly potent oxytocin antagonist [Hruby, V. J., Deb, K. K., Yamamoto, D. M., Hadley, M. E., & Chan, W. Y. (1979) J. Med. Chem. 22,7]. Extensive proton magnetic resonance experiments were performed to determine the conformational properties of this analogue in aqueous solution, and the results were compared with the previously published model for the conformation of [1-penicillamine]oxytocin. The results are consistent with a conformation similar to that of [1-penicillamine]oxytocin except that, while [1 penicillamine]oxytocin in aqueous solution possesses two 1 comes from 3 (C7) type turns involving the isoleucine-3 peptide amide proton and the half-penicillamine 1 carbonyl and the asparagine-5 peptide amide proton and the isoleucine-3 carbonyl, [1-penicillamine,2-leucine)oxytocin has only the latter 1 comes from 3 turn. This difference between the antagonists is reflected in the different phi and psi angles in the three N-terminal residues of the two inhibitor analogues and in differences in the preferred side-chain conformations for several residues. One particular result of these conformational differences is that, whereas for [1-penicillamine]oxytocin the tyrosine-2 side chain is unable to assume the rotamer for maximal binding to the uterine receptor, [1 penicillamine,2-leucine]oxytoxin retains conformational and dynamic properties at residues two and three which are more similar to those of oxytocin. It is postulated that these conformational and dynamic properties are consistent with the stronger binding and, hence, greater antagonist activity for this penicillamine analogue relative to [1-penicillamine]oxytocin. PMID- 7248251 TI - Conformations of synthetic alamethicin fragments. Evidence for 310 helical folding from 270-MHz hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism studies. AB - 1H NMR studies at 270 MHz on the synthetic alamethicin fragments Z-Aib-Pro-Aib Ala-Aib-Ala-OMe (1-6), Boc-Gln-Aib-Val-Aib-Gly-Leu-Aib-OMe (7-13), Boc-Leu-Aib Pro-Val-Aib-OMe (12-16), and Boc-Gly-Leu-Aib-Pro-Val-Aib-OMe (11-16) have been carried out in CDCl3 and (CD3)2SO. The intramolecularly hydrogen bonded amide hydrogens in these peptides have been delineated by using solvent titration experiments and temperature coefficients of NH chemical shifts in (CD3)2SO. All the peptides adopt highly folded structures, characterized by intramolecular 4 leads to 1 hydrogen bonds. The 1-6 fragment adopts a 310 helical conformation with four hydrogen bonds, in agreement with earlier studies (Rao, Ch. P., Nagaraj, R., Rao, C. N. R., & Balaram, P. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 425-431]. The 7 13 fragment also appears to be folded in 310 helical fashion, although some intramolecular hydrogen bonds are loosened in (CD3)2-SO). The 11-16 fragment favors a structure with three intramolecular hydrogen bonds of the 4 leads to 1 and 5 leads to 1 types. CD studies in trifluoroethanol suggest a helical structure for the 1-13 and 1-17 fragments and alamethicin, while IR studies support a helical structure for the 1-13 peptide, stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. On the basis of fragment conformations and earlier studies of the stereochemistry of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) containing peptides, a structure is suggested for the alamethicin backbone. A largely 310 helical folding pattern is postulated for the hydrophobic 1-17 segments, with a polar flexible C-terminal tripeptide. PMID- 7248252 TI - Zinc(II), cadmium(II), and mercury(II) thiolate transitions in metallothionein. AB - The metal-specific absorption envelopes of zinc-, cadmium-, and mercury metallothioneins and of complexes of these metal ions with 2-mercaptoethanol have been analyzed in terms of Jorgensen's electronegativity theory for charge transfer excitations by using the spectra of zinc(II), cadmium(II), and mercury(II) tetrahalides as references. By Gaussian analysis the difference absorption spectra of the various forms of metallothionein vs. thionein and of the corresponding 2-mercaptoethanol complexes vs. 2-mercaptoethanol were resolved into three components. For each metal derivative the location of the lowest energy band is in good agreement with the position of the first ligand-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) transition (type t2 leads to a1) predicted from the optical electronegativity difference of the thiolate ligands and of the central metal ion by assuming tetrahedral coordination. There is also a correspondence between the effects of the metal ion on the position of the first LMCT band and the binding energy of the 2p electrons of the sulfur ligands as found by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements [Sokolowski, G., Pilz, W., & Weser, U. (1974) FEBS Lett. 48, 222]. Due to the lack of exact structural information, the assignment of the two other resolved metal-dependent bands remains conjectural, but it is likely that they include a second LMCT transition (type t2 leads to a1) analogous to that occurring in tetrahalide complexes of group-2B metal ions. The simplicity of the resolved thiolate spectra and their correspondence to those of tetrahedral models support the view that the various metal-binding sites of metallothionein are chemically similar and that the coordination environment of the metal ion has a symmetry related to that of a tetrahedron [Vasak, M. (1980) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102, 3953]. PMID- 7248253 TI - Synthesis and properties of acrylamide-substituted base pair specific dyes for deoxyribonucleic acid template mediated synthesis of dye polymers. AB - We have tried to construct synthetic polymers for sequence-specific recognition and complexation of longer deoxynucleotide sequences. For this purpose, we developed a method of template-directed polymerization of basic pair specific DNA ligands such as basic dyes. The template-directed polymerization consists in a copolymerization of various dyes of different specificities staying simultaneously in a binding equilibrium with DNA. In the present paper, we describe the synthesis and the properties of base pair specific monomers especially designed for performance of radical chain polymerization reactions in aqueous medium at room temperature. Different acrylamide derivatives of well known dyes, such as AT-specific malachite green and GC-specific phenyl neutral red, were synthesized and studied for their ability of base pair specific complex formation with DNA of different base composition. Partition equilibrium dialysis and dye titration agarose gel electrophoresis were used to ensure for several dyes that they may be incorporated into different polymers via copolymerization of their acrylamido derivatives with various small base-unspecific monomers without substantial change of their binding parameters. Furthermore, we demonstrate that acrylamide and other small acrylamide derivatives can be used as building blocks for the synthesis of polymeric links between base pair specific monomers. The results and their consequences for template polymerization reactions are discussed. PMID- 7248254 TI - Laser chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization study of the reaction between photoexcited flavins and tryptophan derivatives at 360 MHz. AB - Chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) is generated when tryptophan (Trp), its derivatives, or Trp-containing peptides react with photoexcited flavins in a 360-MHz NMR spectrometer. In contrast to tyrosine (Tyr), we find that the nuclear polarization of Trp originates in an electron transfer reaction. By use of a series of Trp derivatives, the unpaired spin density distribution of the Trp radical cation and the ground-state NMR spectrum of Trp are analyzed in detail. The signs and the relative magnitudes of the proton isotropic hyperfine coupling constants for each position around the indole ring in the radical cation deduced from these measurements are the following: position 3 greater than 2 approximately 4 approximately 6 greater than 1 greater than 5 greater than 7, with positions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 positive, 5 negative, and 7 essentially zero. This result is inconsistent with most available calculations of the unpaired spin-density distribution but is compatible with the pattern of electrophilic aromatic substitution. The origin of this discrepancy is discussed in detail. Possible mechanistic complications in the reaction leading to CIDNP are discussed. The laser CIDNP spectra of the Trp-rich peptides gramicidins A and B are presented as examples of the resolution enhancement obtained with this technique. PMID- 7248255 TI - Hexagonal phases in phospholipids with saturated chains: phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidic acids. AB - The structure of phospholipids with saturated chains was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and by X-ray diffraction. It is shown that both phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidic acids can exhibit a hexagonal phase at high temperature. The temperature of the transition to the hexagonal phase is dependent on chain length and sodium salt concentration. Increasing the chain length or the sodium salt concentration results in a decrease in the transition temperature. In addition to this transition at high temperature, a calorimetric transition at low temperature, a calorimetric transition at low temperature is detected in some phospholipids. PMID- 7248257 TI - Further studies of the riboflavin-binding immunoglobulin IgGGar. Resolution into fractions of different riboflavin content and aspects of reassembly. AB - A previously described human immunoglobulin with unusual flavin-binding activity, IgGGar [Farhangi, M., & Osserman, E. F. (1976) N. Engl. J. Med. 294, 177], is further characterized. The protein can be fractionated into two subpopulations, one of which is nearly completely saturated with riboflavin and one in which the binding sites are largely vacant. Possible differences between these fractions and/or their binding sites are explored. While electrophoretically distinct, the IgGGar-riboflavin complexes possess a basic similarity in the binding sites of both fractions as evidenced by spectroscopic examination. However, an important difference exists in that added riboflavin equilibrates reversibly with the vacant sites of native IgGGar, while the riboflavin in the occupied sites is essentially irreversibly bound. The tight association may be due to an in vivo combination of riboflavin with protein of different conformation than occurs in vitro, such as an incompletely assembled or folded tetramer. Accordingly, in vitro renaturation was examined. Studies of renaturation revealed that the reduced interchain disulfides within a tetramer reoxidize smoothly, although inter-heavy-chain bonds form less readily than inter-heavy-light-chain disulfides. Renaturation of IgGGar, unlike previously studied IgG molecules, does not proceed under conditions in which the protein structure had previously been significantly disrupted. The assembly defect is localized in the inability of the denatured heavy chain to refold into a stable species capable of combining with the light chain. PMID- 7248256 TI - Phase behavior of ether lipids from Clostridium butyricum. AB - Ether lipids have been isolated from the phospholipid fraction of Clostridium butyricum IFO 3852 cells which had been grown in media devoid of biotin with added elaidic acid or oleic acid. The plasmalogen form of phosphatidylethanolamine (plasmenylethanolamine) from elaidate-grown cells was highly enriched with 18:1 in both the alk-1-enyl and acyl chains. A transition from the gel to liquid-crystalline state, with a peak maximum (Tm) at 33 degrees C and enthalpy delta H = 5.7 kcal/mol, was observed by differential scanning calorimetry. With the fluorescent probes cis- and trans-parinaric acids, transitions were observed at 33 degrees C on heating and at 29 degrees C on cooling. These transition temperatures are 5-6 degrees C lower than those reported for the corresponding diacyl lipid, dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine. A similar study of the phase behavior of both the elaidate-enriched and oleate enriched glycerol acetal derivative of plasmenylethanolamine from C. butyricum revealed a large hysteresis of 12.5-16 degrees C. Hysteresis in the polar head group motion was also observed by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. The elaidate enriched lipid, which melted between 28 and 33 degrees C, appears to undergo supercooling prior to the transition to the gel state at about 18-13 degrees C, depending on the scanning rate. The formation of a more ordered gel state relative to plasmenylethanolamine was indicated by a 2-fold increase in delta H. Electron microscopy revealed a marked reorganization from typical multilamellar liposomes above Tm to large needle-like structures below Tm. The oleate-enriched glycerol acetal lipid formed the gel phase at -4 degrees C, which is 10 degrees C above the transition temperature reported for dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine. Stabilization of oleate-enriched glycerol acetal lipid bilayers may result from hydrogen bonding between polar head groups. The relationship of the phase behavior of the ether lipids to the lipid composition and phase behavior of C. butyricum membranes is discussed. PMID- 7248258 TI - Further studies on the riboflavin-binding immunoglobulin IgGGar. Equilibrium and kinetic aspects of the interaction. AB - The subpopulation of flavin-binding protein IgGGar which differ with respect to the degree of saturation with riboflavin [Chang, M. Y., Friedman, F. K., Beychok, S., Shyong, J. S., & Osserman, E. F. (1981) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue) are characterized in terms of hapten binding activity. Riboflavin fluorescence is used as a sensitive probe of the rate and extent of complex formation. The vacant sites on native IgGGar reversibly bind up to a total of 2 equiv of riboflavin/mol of protein. Kinetic and equilibrium measurements yield an affinity constant of (1.7 +/- 0.1) x 10(9) M-1. This value is the highest found to date for a hapten-monoclonal antibody system and is a consequence of an unusually low dissociation rate for the complex. The system exhibits maximal binding efficiency between pH 6 and 8, van't Hoff analysis of binding yields delta H = -15 kcal mol-1 and delta S = -9.5 cal deg-1 mol-1. The occupied sites on native IgGGar irreversibly bind riboflavin under normal reaction conditions. Irreversible denaturation of protein with urea affects the release of riboflavin. The dissociation mechanism is complex and is partially characterized. PMID- 7248260 TI - Role of tryptophanyl and tyrosyl residues of flavoproteins in binding with flavin coenzymes. X-ray structural studies using model complexes. AB - The crystal structures of 7,8-dimethylisoalloxazine-10-acetic acid-tryptamine (1:1) tetrahydrate and 7,8-dimethylisoalloxazine-10-acetic acid-tyramine (1:1) tetrahydrate complexes were determined by the X-ray diffraction method, as models for flavin-tryptophan and flavin-tyrosine interactions in flavoproteins. The observed parallel stackings and the intermolecular spacing distances, which were less than the normal van der Waals separation between the isoalloxazine and indole rings and between the isoalloxazine and phenol rings, suggest the existence of charge-transfer interactions in their ground states. The indole and phenol rings interact with the pyrimindinoid and pyrazinoid portions of the isoalloxazine ring and have short contacts, less than 3.4 A, with the reduction site (N1 and N5 atoms) of this ring. This suggests that the reduction of oxidized flavin to the semiquinone state may be facilitated by charge transfer from the former rings to the N1 and N5 atoms. Absorption difference spectra showed that both complexes associate with equimolar ratios in solution as well as in the crystalline state and that they have the same charge-transfer bands and association constants as flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-Trp and FMN-Tyr complexes, respectively. On the other hand, proton magnetic resonance spectra suggested that in solution, the stacking modes of the indole and phenol rings to the isoalloxazine ring are different from those observed in the crystal structures and both aromatic rings are stacked over the whole of the isoalloxazine ring. PMID- 7248261 TI - Solid-phase synthesis of crystalline glucagon. AB - Mammalian glucagon was synthesized by a stepwise solid-phase method. The support was an alkoxybenzyl alcohol resin, and the biphenylylisopropyloxycarbonyl group was used for temporary alpha-amino protection. After purification by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography, the 29-residue hormone was readily crystallized from water at alkaline pH. The product was homogeneous and indistinguishable from natural bovine glucagon by gel electrophoresis, ion exchange chromatography, reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, fluorescence spectroscopy, and amino acid analysis. The synthetic hormone was fully active in the rabbit hyperglycemia assay. PMID- 7248259 TI - Proximity relationships within the Fc segment of rabbit immunoglobulin G analyzed by resonance energy transfer. AB - Resonance energy transfer analysis has been carried out with a noncovalent rabbit hybrid of immunoglobulin G (IgG) composed of normal rabbit IgG and rabbit anti lactose IgG. The hybrid IgG was prepared from proteins in which the single inter heavy-chain disulfide linkage was specifically reduced and alkylated. Normal rabbit IgG was alkylated with the iodoacetyl derivative of N-(aminoethyl)-5 naphthylamine-1-sulfonic acid while the rabbit anti-lactose IgG was alkylated with either iodoacetamide or the iodoacetyl derivative of p-[[p (dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]aniline. Fractionation with an anti-lactose-specific immunoadsorbent yielded a population in which each fluorescent donor [N [(acetylamino)ethyl]-5-naphthylamine-1-sulfonic acid] was adjacent to a nonfluorescent acceptor [N-acetyl-p[[p-dimethylamino)phenyl]. Data on fluorescence quantum yield, excited-state lifetime, time-resolved emission anisotropy, and steady-state fluorescence polarization revealed a distribution of distances between the donor and acceptor. In the native molecule, the hinge regions are known to be covalently liked by a single disulfide bond. In the absence of this linkage, the hinge regions were separated such that for a majority of the molecules in solution (approximately 60%) the separation was 50 60 A. In the context of current knowledge of the IgG molecule, it is evident that the principle forces maintaining the integrity of the native, functional Fc segment are the strong noncovalent interactions of the CH3 domains and the single inter-heavy-chain disulfide bond. PMID- 7248263 TI - Mechanism of inhibition of enzymatic deoxyribonucleic acid methylation by 2 (acetylamino)fluorene bound to deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - Binding of 2-(acetylamino)fluorene (AAF) to C-8 of guanine induces a local destabilization of the DNA helix. A relationship was observed where the degree of DNA modification by AAF was inversely proportional to its methyl acceptor capacity from S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the presence of rat brain DNA cytosine 5 methyltransferase. Moreover, substituted DNA (DNA-AAF) behaves as a methylation inhibitor of native DNA. This inhibition is of the mixed type. The substituted DNAs have higher affinities for the enzyme than native DNA. The inhibition is irreversible. Addition of DNA-AAF to the enzyme preincubated with native DNA inhibits methylation, but only after a lag period. This agrees with the model in which the methylase "walks" along the strand to methylate cytosine residues before being detached from the DNA. AAF bound to guanine residues may block the movement of the enzyme along the helix. Single-stranded DNA has an affinity for the methylase 1.6 times lower than that of native double-stranded DNA. On the other hand, single-stranded DNA-AAF is more methylated than double-stranded DNA AAF. A tentative model taking into account these observations is presented under Discussion. The in vitro hypomethylation of DNA-AAF could explain the in vivo observations made by several authors. PMID- 7248264 TI - Affinities of nucleic acid bases for solvent water. AB - Equilibria of transfer of pyridine and benzene derivatives, from the vapor phase to dilute aqueous solution, are enhanced by the introduction of exocyclic amino and hydroxyl substituents. Much larger increases are associated with the introduction of imino and keto substituents. Purine derivatives exhibit comparable behavior. These observations are discussed in relation to group transfer potentials, the observed affinities of nucleic acid bases for the active sites of proteins, environmental influences on the occurrence of rate tautomers that lead to errors in base pairing, and hypotheses concerning the origins of the genetic code. PMID- 7248262 TI - Use of chemical modification to study the relationship between activity and net protein charge of the photosystem I core complex. AB - The net charge on the photosystem I core complex of Shiozawa et al. (Shiozawa, J. A., Alberte, R. S., & Thornber, J. P. (1974) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 165, 388 397) has been altered by using a water-soluble carbodiimide to form an amide bond between protein carboxyl groups and an amino group of ethylenediamine. This process replaces negatively charged carboxyl groups with positively charged free amino groups. Six hundred moles of ethylenediamine was incorporated per mole of P700 reaction center. The modification of the complex shifted the isoelectric pH of photosystem I from 5.0 to 9.5 without affecting the total amount of P700. The modified complex exhibited an increase in energy transfer from light-harvesting chlorophyll alpha molecules to the reaction center. This phenomenon has been previously observed upon addition of Mg2+ ions to the complex (Gross, E. L., & Grenier, J. (1978) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 187, 387-398). The modification replaces the divalent cation requirement for electron donation to P700 by plastocyanin and lowered the Km for plastocyanin binding to 2.0 microM, compared to 32 microM for control photosystem I in the presence of Mg2+. In addition, the modification lowered the Km for the negatively charged electron donors dichlorophenolindophenol and ascorbate. These results suggest that changing the charge on the photosystem I complex from negative to positive stimulates both light utilization and electron transfer from electron donors to P700. We suggest that cation regulation of photosystem I activity occurs by a process in which cations alter the charge of the local environment around the complex. PMID- 7248265 TI - Hydrogen bonding in deoxyribonucleic acid base recognition. 2. Deoxyribonucleic acid binding studies of acridine alkylamides. AB - A series of derivatives of 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-aminoacridine bearing side chains terminated by various groups, such as carboxamide, N-methylcarboxamide, N,N dimethylcarboxamide, methyl ester, and methyl were synthesized. The interaction of these intercalating dyes with DNA of various GC content was studied comparatively by using equilibrium dialysis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that the compounds bearing a chain terminated by a free carboxamide group could interact specifically with GC-rich DNA provided that the length and conformation of the side chain were appropriate. From these results in hand as well as those reported in the preceding paper (NMR studies at the minihelix level) it is thought that the G specificity of these compounds arises from their ability to form hydrogen bonds between the terminal carboxamide group borne by their side chain and the NH2 and N3 of the adjacent guanine located in the small grove. PMID- 7248266 TI - Characterization of alternating deoxyribonucleic acid conformations in solution by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - Medium length (500-200 bp) alternating purine-pyrimidine DNAs were prepared by sonication of synthetic polymers at low temperature. The products, and the hairpin structures derived from them after melting, were sufficiently small for high-resolution 31P NMR studies. Of the five sequences studied, two DNAs, poly(dG dC).poly(dG-dC) and poly(dA-dU).poly(dA-dU), gave singlet 31P resonances, while three others, poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT), poly(dA-br5U).poly(dA-br5U), and poly(dI dC).poly(dI-dC), exhibited two resolved signals of equal area. This indicates the existence of two distinct alternating phosphodiester backbone conformations for these latter three B-DNAs in solution. Controls of homopolymers, which were also prepared by sonication, showed only singlet 31P resonances. Of the alternating sequences DNAs, only sonicated poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) exhibited a conformational transition to a high salt (greater than 2.5 M) form which exhibited two well resolved 31P resonances of equal area. This indicates that the high salt form of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) also has an alternating backbone structure, and it is presumed to be a Z-DNA. These results indicate a general response of the DNA backbone conformation to alternating purine-pyrimidine base sequences but with a degree of sequence and environmental specificity which might have functional genetic significance. PMID- 7248267 TI - 8 alpha-(O-Tyrosyl)flavin adenine dinucleotide, the prosthetic group of bacterial p-cresol methylhydroxylase. AB - 8 alpha-(O-Tyrosyl)riboflavin has been synthesized by condensation of the copper complex of L-tyrosine with 8 alpha-bromotetraacetylriboflavin. The structure of this synthetic product was proven by absorption and 1H NMR spectroscopy and by chemical degradation, which yielded 1 mol of tyrosine per mol of flavin. The synthetic compound comigrated wtih the (aminoacyl)riboflavin isolated from the p cresol methylhydroxylase of Pseudomonas putida, and both showed identical absorption and fluorescence spectral properties. 8 alpha-(O-Tyrosyl)riboflavin as well as the flavin-containing decapeptide from p-cresol methylhydroxylase undergoes reductive cleavage to form riboflavin and FAD, respectively, on anaerobic treatment with dithionite. In contrast, the native enzyme, on reduction with dithionite, yields a reduced flavin via a red (anionic) flavosemiquinone intermediate, which remains covalently bound to the protein even under denaturing conditions. 8 alpha-(O-Tyrosyl)riboflavin bound to apoflavodoxin is also not cleaved on reduction with dithionite, but, instead, a blue (neutral) semiquinone of tyrosylriboflavin is generated, which is resistant to further reduction with dithionite. Three p-cresol methylhydroxylases, isolated from different strains of Pseudomonas putida, differing in molecular weight and Km values for substrates, contain the same peptide at the flavin site. These data provide definitive proof for the existence of 8 alpha-(O-tyrosyl)riboflavin in nature. PMID- 7248269 TI - Effects of saccharide and salt binding on dimer-tetramer equilibrium of concanavalin A. AB - The effect of the binding of saccharide ligands on the reversible dimer-tetramer equilibrium on concanavalin A was studied by the high-speed sedimentation equilibrium technique. Both commercial and highly purified fragment-free concanavalin A preparations were used. In the case of the fragment-free preparation, there was no effect of the binding of alpha-methyl mannoside or alpha-methyl glucoside at 35 degrees C and at a variety of conditions of pH and ionic strength. This implies no difference in ligand binding activity between dimeric and tetrameric Con A, in contrast to an earlier report [McKenzie, G. H., & Sawyer, W. H. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 549-556]. There was a profound effect in the case of the commercial preparation. Dimers that contain hydrolyzed subunits appear to be incompetent to self-associate in the presence of alpha methyl mannoside or alpha-methyl glycoside, while alpha-methyl galactoside, which does not bind to Con A, had no effect. The effects of very high concentrations of CaCl2 (to 2.5 m) and NaCl (60 6.2 m) were also studied. The data were analyzed by an integrated form of the Tanford extension [Tanford, C. (1969) J. Mol. Biol. 39, 539-544] of the Wyman linked function theory, which includes preferential interactions with salt and water. The integrated form allows preferential interactions to be described as the sum of salt binding and water binding. The data were well described by salt binding alone; it was unnecessary to invoke any water binding effect. The CaCl2 data did indicate that one calcium per subunit of the dimer binds to a site that is buried in the tetramer. This suggests a site on the dimmer-dimer interface which is consistent with Reeke's identification of the protomers composing the solution dimer [Reeke, G. N., Jr., Becker, J. W., & Edelman, G. M. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 1525-1547]. PMID- 7248270 TI - Calorimetric study of the interaction of lysozyme with aqueous 1-propanol. AB - The enthalpies of transfer of hen egg white lysozyme from water to aqueous solutions of 1-propanol were determined by isothermal flow calorimetry at 10, 17, 25, and 40 degrees C in 0.04 M, pH 2 glycine buffer. Alcohol concentrations up to 3.4 M were employed. Four regions in the dependence of the enthalpy of transfer on alcohol concentration can be discerned: a region of linear increase observable at 10, 17, and 25 degrees C, an inflection region observed at 17 and 25 degrees C, a second linear region observable at 17, 25, and 40 degrees C, and a region of decreasing enthalpies seen at 40 degree C. Combination of differential scanning calorimetric data on lysozyme in PrOH-H2O mixtures [Velicelebi, G., & Sturtevant, J. M. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 1180-1186] with the transfer enthalpies reported here shows that the enthalpy in the system can be regarded as a state function and that the apparent specific heat is at first slightly decreased and then strongly increased by the addition of 1-propanol. Comparison of the results of the interaction with guanidine hydrochloride [Pfeil, W., & Privalov, P. L. (1976) Biophys. Chem. 4, 23-50] indicates that the denaturing effects of these two reagents involve very different mechanisms. PMID- 7248268 TI - Thermodynamics of concanavalin A dimer-tetramer self-association: sedimentation equilibrium studies. AB - The effects of temperature and pH on the reversible dimer-tetramer association of concanavalin A were studied by the high-speed sedimentation equilibrium technique. Both commercial and highly purified preparations of concanavalin A were used. Equilibrium constants were analyzed as a Wyman linked function by using truncated van't Hoff temperature dependence. In the concentration range 0.1 3.0 mg/mL, from 5 to 35 degrees C and between pH 5.5 and pH 7.5 at 0.5 M ionic strength, only dimer and tetramer species were present in both preparations. For purified concanavalin A, association constants ranged from 1.5 X 10(3) to 8.0 X 10(7) M-1. Constants for our commercial preparation were approximately 10-fold lower due to the decrease competency of some subunits to self-associate. From the fit of the Wyman model to the experimental data, delta G degree, delta H degree, delta S degree, and delta Cp degree were calculated for the association and association-linked ionization reactions. From the values of the ionization thermodynamic parameters, the association is governed by the ionization of a histidine side chain on each subunit, either histidine-51 or histidine-121. The association is characterized by large entropy (66.3 cal.mol-1.deg-1 at 25 degrees C) and heat capacity (-821 cal.mol-1.deg-1) changes in accordance with the large hydrophobic association surface observed in crystallographic studies [Reeke, G. N., Jr., Becker, J. W., & Edelman, G. M. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 1525-1547]. In addition, there is a large enthalpy change (10.4 kcal.mol-1 at 25 degrees C). We propose a model for the interaction based on a more detailed thermodynamic description than was obtained in an earlier, incomplete study [Huet, M., & Clavarie, J. M. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 236-241]. PMID- 7248271 TI - Thermodynamics of protein association reactions: forces contributing to stability. PMID- 7248273 TI - Isolation and characterization of the cyanogen bromide peptides derived from the human alpha 2(V) collagen chain. AB - The human alpha 2(V) collagen chain when cleaved with cyanogen bromide yields ten peptides which can be recovered in approximately equimolar quantities. Characterization of the purified peptides with regard to molecular weight and amino acid composition establishes the uniqueness of the peptides and reveals that the alpha 2(V) chain recovered following limited pepsin digestion contain 956 amino acid residues. Possible homologies between the alpha 2(V) peptides and peptides derived from other collagen chains were noted. In addition, a high performance liquid chromatography system is described for the separation of three of the alpha 2(V) chain peptides which were not resolved by using conventional separation techniques. PMID- 7248272 TI - Fluorescent substrate analogue for adenosine deaminase: 3'-O-[5 (dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl]adenosine. AB - The synthesis of the fluorescent derivative of adenosine, by reaction with 5 (dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride in dry pyridine at low temperature, yielding 3'-O-[5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl]adenosine (3' O-dansyladenosine), is here described. 3'-O-Dansyladenosine is partially soluble in water (approximately 10(-4) M) and upon excitation at 325 nm exhibits maximum fluorescence emission at 516 +/- 22 nm (corrected) in buffered aqueous solution at pH 7.6 with a quantum yield of 0.21 and a lifetime of 11.8 +/- 0.2 ns. The fluorescence of 3'-O-dansyladenosine is sensitive to the polarity of its solvent: in pyridine, a quantum yield of 0.61 at the emission maximum of 435 nm was observed. 3'-O-Dansyladenosine is a reversible competitive inhibitor of adenosine deaminase with a moderate inhibitive dissociation constant K1 = (1.54 +/- 0.13) X 10(-5) M. The enzyme-substrate analogue association constant was determined by equilibrium dialysis to be K = (0.69 +/- 0.05) X 10(5) M-1, very close to KI-1. The hydrophobic nature of its binding site in adenosine deaminase is evident from the strong blue shift of the fluorescence emission maximum to 440 nm, the 4-fold increase in fluorescence quantum yield, and the longer lifetime of 15.8 +/- 0.2 ns; the tight, rigid nature of the complex is evident from its high fluorescence polarization value, 0.23. An 85% decrease in the fluorescence emission intensity of the adenosine deaminase-3'-O-dansyladenosine complex in the presence of adenosine indicates the selective binding to the enzyme active site. Correlation between the conformation of the probe, either when free in various solvents or when bound to the enzyme, and its fluorescence quantum yield is noted. 3'-O Dansyladenosine is suitable for fluorescent labeling of adenosine deaminase in cell systems. PMID- 7248274 TI - Conformation of angiotensin II. Evidence for a specific hydrogen bonded conformation. AB - The peptide amide hydrogen exchange rate of human angiotensin II in H2O have been measured at room temperature by the transfer of solvent saturation method. The data are consistent with the assumption of a highly motile dynamic equilibrium between folded and highly solvated conformations. The NH of His6 is observed to exchange more slowly than predicted, suggesting that it is a participant in an internal hydrogen bond. Several models previously suggested in the literature for the conformation of the peptide in aqueous solution are examined, and most are found to be inconsistent with the exchange data. Evidence in support of a structure for the Ile5-His6 fragment of the hormone involving a C7eq-C5 bend is presented. PMID- 7248275 TI - Calcium/magnesium specificity in membrane fusion: kinetics of aggregation and fusion of phosphatidylserine vesicles and the role of bilayer curvature. PMID- 7248276 TI - Purification of stabilized band 3 protein of the human erythrocyte membrane and its reconstitution into liposomes. PMID- 7248277 TI - Calculations of enzymatic reactions: calculations of pKa, proton transfer reactions, and general acid catalysis reactions in enzymes. AB - A method that allows one to correlate available X-ray data with activation free energies of enzymatic reactions is presented. This method is based on the empirical valence bond approach which uses experimental information to evaluate the energies of the valence bond resonance forms involved in a reaction and then calculates the environment-dependent stabilizations of the ionic resonance forms in the enzyme and in solution and correlates them with the rate acceleration by the enzyme. The method is reliable since it is based on calibration of potential surfaces by solution experiments and on transfer of the calibrated surface to the enzyme active site, using only simple calculations of electrostatic interactions. The close relation between the method and the intuitive valence bond description of bond-breaking bond-making reactions provides a new insight into enzymatic reactions, describing them as crossing between covalent and ionic valence bond resonance forms. Such a description correlates the stabilization of the ionic resonance forms by the enzyme active site with the enzyme catalytic activity. The paper considers the energetics of several enzymatic processes, including ionization, of acidic groups in enzyme active sites, stability of ion pairs in enzymes and in solutions, proton transfer reactions, and general acid catalysis reactions. The calculations support the idea that enzymes can be viewed as "supersolvents" that stabilize (solvate) ionic transition states more effectively than do aqueous solutions. PMID- 7248278 TI - Selective inactivation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes with ionic surfactants. AB - Ionic surfactants selectively inactivate porcine lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes in 30 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. The cationic surfactants hexadecylpyridinium bromide and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide rapidly inactivate LDH isoenzymes containing the B subunit; inactivation of LDH-A4 is slower and also retarded by the cofactor reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The anionic surfactants sodium decyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl sulfate rapidly inactivate LDH isoenzymes containing the A subunit; inactivation of LDH-B4 is much slower and retarded by the cofactor. The selectivity of the inactivation process correlates with electrostatic interactions: positively charged surfactants preferentially inactivate isoenzymes containing a subunit of net negative charge, and negatively charged surfactants preferentially inactivate isoenzymes containing a subunit of net positive charge. Inactivation takes place near the critical micelle concentration for the cationic surfactants. Inactivation with anionic surfactants occurs above the critical micelle concentration. The cationic surfactants show little discrimination among LDH-B4 and the hybrid isoenzymes, AB3, A2B2, and A3B, inactivating all at approximately the same surfactant concentration. The anionic surfactants, however, show a more graded inactivation-concentration profile with discrete differences in threshold surfactant concentrations required for complete inactivation of the four A subunit containing isoenzymes. At a particular surfactant concentration, loss in activity can be correlated with the percent A- or B-subunit composition of the isoenzyme. PMID- 7248280 TI - Structure of two subfractions of normal porcine (Sus domesticus) serum low density lipoproteins. X-ray small-angle scattering studies. AB - Two subfractions of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were isolated from normal pig (Sus domesticus) serum by a combined method including precipitation, ultracentrifugation, and gel chromatography. The fractions recovered from the buoyant density ranges 1.020-1.050 and 1.050-1.090 g/mL, denoted as LDL1 and LDL2, respectively, were studied with regard to structure and thermotropic behavior by X-ray small-angle scattering and were compared to human serum low density lipoprotein of density 1.020-1.063 g/mL. The average molecular weights determined from the scattering intensities on absolute scale were 2.6 X 10(6) and 2.0 X 10(6) for LDL1 and LDL2, respectively. The maximum particle diameters were found to be 24 and 21 nm, respectively. Both species were found to have quasi spherical symmetry and to display the thermotropic transition of the apolar lipids within the particle core similar to human LDL. The width of the transition was approximately 9 degrees C in both cases, but the midpoint transition temperature was higher by 8 degrees C for LDL1 (33 degrees C) than for LDL2 (25 degrees C). Despite their different sizes and thermotropic behavior, the two porcine LDL subfractions appear to be built according to the same structural principle as human LDL in the molecular organization of the apolar lipids within the particle core. PMID- 7248281 TI - Cross-linking and binding of fibronectin with asymmetric acetylcholinesterase. AB - The similarities between the tail of asymmetric acetylcholinesterase (AcChE) and collagen prompted us to investigate if asymmetric AcChE, like collagen, can interact with fibronectin. Gradient centrifugation studies revealed that asymmetric, but not globular, AcChE bound to fibronectin and could be cross linked covalently to fibronectin by plasma transglutaminase. The interaction of asymmetric AcChE with fibronectin paralleled the interaction of fibronectin with collagen. These results raise the possibility that fibronectin may be involved in attaching asymmetric AcChE to cell surfaces. PMID- 7248283 TI - Location of SH1 and SH2 along a heavy chain of myosin subfragment 1. AB - Two reactive SH groups (SH1 and SH2) of myosin subfragment 1 (S-1) were selectively labeled with a fluorescent dye, N-[7-(dimethylamino)-4-methyl-3 coumarinyl]maleimide (DACM). When the DACM-S-1 was digested with trypsin, 95K heavy chain was cleaved into 50K, 25K, and 20K fragments, and the fluorescent labels incorporated into SH1 and SH2 were exclusively found in the 20K fragment, indicating that these SH groups were located in the fragment. When the trypsin treated DACM-S-1 was subsequently fragmented with hydroxylamine in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride at pH 9.0, the fluorescent 20K fragment was cleaved into two fluorescent segments, the 13K segment containing SH1 and the 5K segment containing SH2. Since it is known that SH1 and SH2 are only 10 residues apart in the sequence and that SH1 is nearer the COOH terminus than SH2, the results show that these reactive SH groups are separated from the COOH terminus of S-1 heavy chain by a 13K-dalton stretch of polypeptide chain. PMID- 7248282 TI - Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of thiocyanate: equilibria between oxidized forms of thiocyanate. PMID- 7248279 TI - Kinetic and chlorine-35 nuclear magnetic resonance studies in the effect of chloride on the properties of chicken liver dihydrofolate reductase. PMID- 7248284 TI - Hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance investigation on bovine cardiac troponin C. Comparison of tyrosyl assignments and calcium-induced structural changes to those of two homologous proteins, rabbit skeletal troponin C and bovine brain calmodulin. AB - The effect of Ca2+ binding on the 270-MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of bovine cardiac troponin C (cTnC) has been examined. Assignment of resonances in the aromatic spectral region to tyrosine residues 10, 111, and 150 has been made for apo-cTnC and calcium-bound cTnC on the basis of decoupling experiments, pH titrations, temperature-induced changes, and gadolinium broadening experiments. The sequence homology which these tyrosine residues display with residues in two previously studied proteins, rabbit skeletal troponin C (sTnC) [Seamon, K. B., Hartshorne, D. J., & Bothner-By, A. A. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 4039] and bovine brain calmodulin [Seamon, K. B. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 207], was also used in assignments. High-affinity calcium binding (up to 2 mol/cTnC) causes large alterations in the environments of tyrosines-10 and -150, indicating that the N terminus is probably buried in the protein interior. The evidence suggests that the environment of tyrosine-150 in calcium-saturated cTnC must closely resemble that of tyrosine-138 in calmodulin in that it experiences the hydrophobic core of the protein. However, there is no similarity between these environments in the apoproteins. Dramatic alterations in phenylalanine resonances are seen during the binding of the third mole of calcium, corresponding to filling the sole low affinity site. Comparison of the spectral calmodulin reveals many structural similarities which stem from their high degree of primary sequence homology. PMID- 7248285 TI - Comparison of solid state and solution conformations of R and S epimers of 8,5' cycloadenosine and their relevance to some enzymatic reactions. AB - The C(5')-R epimer of 8,5'-cycloadenosine crystallizes in the monoclonic space group P2(1) (Z = 2) with unit cell dimensions a = 5.755 (1), b = 16.895 (1), and c = 5.511 (1) A and beta = 104.16 (1) degree. X-ray intensity data were measured on a diffractometer, and the crystal structure was determined by direct methods. Least-squares refinement converged at R = 0.037 for 1008 reflections. The conformation about the glycosyl bond is anti, as imposed by the 8,5' cyclization, with XCN = 29.8 degrees. The ribose ring adopts the unusual C(1')endo-O(4')exp (o1T) conformation with pseudo-rotation parameters P = 289.0 degrees and tau m = 490 degrees. The six-membered ring formed by the 8,5' linkage is approximately a half-chair with C(4') and O(4'), respectively, above and below a plane defined by the other four atoms. These results are compared with those previously reported for the corresponding S epimer [Haromy, T. P., Raleigh, J., & Sundaralingam, M. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 1718-1722]. The conformations of the sugar rings and the exocyclic groups of both epimers in the solid state are compared to the conformations in solution, as determined by analysis of the systems of proton proton vicinal coupling constants from the 1H NMR spectra. The foregoing findings are employed to examine the role of the conformational parameters of adenosine and 5'-AMP in reactions catalyzed by the appropriate enzymes. PMID- 7248287 TI - Detection of the associated state of membrane proteins by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis with non-denaturing detergents. Application to band 3 protein from erythrocyte membranes. AB - Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis was carried out in micellar solutions of various detergents which differ in degree of potency to denature proteins. From the application of this method to band 3 protein from erythrocyte membranes, it was suggested that the procedure was useful in studying the molecular state of membrane proteins. The electrophoretic behaviors of human and bovine band 3 protein did not show any species specificity in either a denature state and a state resembling the native state. As well as in nonionic detergent solutions, the dimeric and tetrameric structures of bovine band 3 protein were preserved in sodium deoxycholate solution, in which protein complexes maintained in nonionic detergent solutions are frequently dissociated. Even in dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide solution, which is a denaturant for water-soluble proteins, part of the band 3 protein was still present as the oligomer. The results suggest that the oligomeric form of band 3 protein is the stable structure and that the dimer and tetramer possibly coexist in membranes. PMID- 7248286 TI - Normal mode analysis of lumiflavin and interpretation of resonance Raman spectra of flavoproteins. AB - The normal modes of lumiflavin (10-methyliso-alloxazine) are analyzed with a valence force field constructed with bond length-stretching force constant correlations and bending and interaction force constants transferred from small ring molecules. Observed resonance Raman (RR) bands of flavin are assigned to calculate modes on the basis of frequency and isotope shift matching. The normal mode patterns confirm previous inferences, based on selective effective of chemical substitutions, of localization to certain regions of the molecule. These results are used to interpret the observed variability of the prominent RR bands among different flavoproteins on the basis of protein-isoalloxazine interactions. PMID- 7248290 TI - Alterations in human erythrocyte shape and the state of spectrin and phospholipid phosphorylation induced by cholesterol depletion. AB - Cholesterol depletion of erythrocytes, obtained after incubation with phosphatidylcholine vesicles, induces in most of the experiments: (1) a discocytestomatocyte transformation as observed by scanning electron microscopy; (2) a specific decrease in spectrin phosphorylation of intact erythrocytes; (3) an increase in lipid phosphorylation. It is concluded that the effect of cholesterol on erythrocyte shape is probably mediated through its action on the activity o of membrane-bound enzymes, proteases or kinases. PMID- 7248288 TI - Amphotericin B-induced sodium transport and water flow across rabbit corneal epithelium. PMID- 7248291 TI - Cooperative nature of the binding of cholesterol on to synaptosomal plasma membranes of dog brain. AB - The 'binding' of cholesterol on to dog brain synaptosomal plasma membranes from aqueous cholesterol 'solutions' was studied. 'Binding' of exogenous cholesterol is a slow process, strictly depending on the concentration of cholesterol and the quantity of the membranes present. It appears that binding probably occurs in three distinct successive stages. The first stage occurs very rapidly, and consists of a large deposition-like accumulation of cholesterol onto the membranes. This stage is characterized by the lack of functional changes of integral proteins. It is followed or accompanied by a slower type of binding, probably at 'specific binding sites', the nature of which is, in all probability, cooperative. Thus, when the glucoside of cholesterol is used at lower concentrations as compared to cholesterol it increases the binding of cholesterol, while at higher concentrations relative to cholesterol, it antagonizes its binding. This stage, which evokes strong functional changes of integral proteins, merges without interruption into an incorporation of cholesterol as a structural element into the membranous framework (nonspecific binding). PMID- 7248289 TI - Isolation of chromaffin cell plasma membranes on polycationic beads. AB - We have tried to define which proteins of chromaffin cell plasma membranes are facing the cytoplasm by surface labelling a selectively oriented membrane preparation. Viable chromaffin cells were isolated by collagenase treatment of bovine adrenals. Plasma membranes from these cells were isolated on polycationic beads by the method of Jacobson and Branton (Jacobson, B.S. and Branton, D. (1977) Science 195, 302--304). The purity and orientation of the membranes were defined by biochemical and morphological criteria. The membranes, with their external side apposed to the bead surface, were enriched about 10-fold with respect to a whole cell homogenate, and contained only small amounts of contaminating organelles. Surface specific iodination of membranes on beads with 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3 alpha, 6 alpha-diphenylglycoluril (Iodogen), followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, allowed the identification of cytoplasmically exposed proteins. A different pattern was observed when intact cells were labelled prior to membrane isolation. The advantages and possible uses of this immobilized membrane preparation are discussed. PMID- 7248292 TI - The stress-strain relation of the plasma membrane of isolated plant protoplasts. AB - Over periods of up to a few seconds the plasma membrane of isolated rye protoplasts behaves elastically with an area modulus of 230 mN x m-1. Over longer periods, the area increases with time under large tension and decreases under sufficiently small tension, suggesting that material is incorporated into or depleted from the plane of the membrane. PMID- 7248293 TI - Occurrence of creatine kinase activity in human erythrocyte membrane. AB - Some evidence for creatine kinase activity in normal human erythrocyte membrane were presented. The creatine kinase was indicated to be a constituent of the integral proteins of erythrocyte membrane or to be tightly bound to the membrane, and was contrasted to the results obtained with adenylate kinase. Isoenzyme distribution of the erythrocyte creatine kinase by electrophoresis was identical to MM-creatine kinase from rabbit muscle. PMID- 7248294 TI - A system of DNA replication in HeLa nuclei treated with inhibitors of protein synthesis. AB - An in vitro DNA synthesizing system consisting os isolated nuclei from HeLa cells which had been treated with inhibitors of protein synthesis was investigated. Treatment with both 30 microgram/ml cycloheximide and 10 microgram/ml puromycin of S-phase cells reduced the rate of DNA synthesis immediately; however, the overall DNA synthesis continued for up to 4 h with a diminished rate and then ceased. In the nuclei which were isolated from the cells which had been incubated with these drugs for 6 h, little incorporation of [3H]TTP into acid-insoluble materials was observed. Addition of cytosol prepared from cells actively synthesizing DNA induced the incorporation of [3H]TTP in these nuclei, while little induction was observed by the addition of cytosol prepared from drug treated cells in spite of the fact that the latter cytosol stimulated DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei from non-treated cells. The induced DNA synthesis was shown to require Mg2+, all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and ATP, and to proceed discontinuously. The activity inducing DNA synthesis in drug treated nuclei fluctuated with the phases in a cell cycle and it was not ascribed solely to DNA polymerase alpha nor to DNA ligase. PMID- 7248295 TI - Two classes of replicating molecules of adenovirus type 2 DNA. AB - Replicating DNA of human adenovirus type 2, identified as partly single-stranded viral DNA in which [3H]thymidine is readily incorporated, was found to be separated into two fractions by chromatography on hydroxyapatite. Whereas one of the these fractions was eluted with 180 mM phosphate, the other one was eluted at the same concentration, 240 mM, as fully double-stranded DNA. The physical properties of the 180 and 240 mM fractions, in particular their buoyant densities in solutions of CsCl and Cs2SO4, were compared both before and after treatment by various enzymes such as Neurospora crassa nuclease, pancreatic ribonuclease, ribonuclease H and the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I of Escherichia coli, used alone or in various combinations. Unlike the 240 mM fraction, the 180 mM fraction was found to include a substantial amount of single-stranded DNA, some of it being hydrogen-bonded to RNA. Both of these features confer to the 180 mM fraction the high buoyant density in cesium salt solution which was described, for several adenoviruses, as one of the characteristic properties of replicating DNA. PMID- 7248296 TI - N-Acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA hydrolase from Artemia. Identification of two molecular forms and their evolution during early differentiation. AB - This paper describes the properties of a N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA hydrolase present in Artemia which splits N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA to N acetylphenylalanine and tRNA. The hydrolase is highly specific with respect to its substrate, is maximally active in the presence of a divalent cation (Mg2+, Mn2+ or Ca2+) and has a pH optimum at around neutrality. By chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex have been isolated two molecular forms of the enzyme which differ in their molecular sizes (35 000 and 70 000), heat sensitivity and metal requirements. While the total activity of the hydrolase remains constant during embryogenesis and early larval development, the amount of lighter form of the enzyme significantly decreases, with a concomitant increase of the heavier isozyme. PMID- 7248297 TI - Role of cytosol proteins in DNA chain growth and chromatin replication in Friend erythroleukemia cell nuclei. AB - The influence of cytosol proteins on the replication of DNA and chromatin in isolated nuclei from Friend erythroleukemia cells has been investigated. The overall process has been clearly shown to proceed stepwise. In the absence of cytosol proteins DNA chain growth tends to stop after the addition of approximately 200 nucleotides to the ends of growing chains. In the presence of cytosol proteins these sections grow to approximately 250 nucleotides, and participate in the stepwise extension of the replication process through adjacent nucleosomal sections of the template. Immediately following pulse labeling, the newly replicated DNA resides in a chromatin form which appears to be relatively resistant to digestion by micrococcal nuclease. During a chase interval, the association of the pulse-labeled DNA with nuclear proteins matures to a form which yields lengths of DNA upon digestion with micrococcal nuclease that correspond to mono-, di-, tri- and polynucleosomal units of chromatin. In the absence of cytosol proteins the nuclease resistant state of the labeled DNA tends to predominate and persist. The data support the view that DNA replication in a chromosomal setting proceeds stepwise over successive nucleosomal sections of template made accessible by the interaction of the cytosol proteins at or near the replication fork. PMID- 7248298 TI - Induction of DNA ligase during stimulation of DNA synthesis in intact rat liver by a dietary manipulation. AB - After a nutritional shift from a protein-free to a diet containing 50% casein, the activity of DNA ligase increases in intact rat liver in correlation with the induction of hepatic DNA replication. The treated rat liver as well as control rat liver contains a single species of DNA ligase having a sedimentation coefficient of about 5.5 S. The administration of cycloheximide in vivo completely inhibits the increase in DNA ligase activity and in DNA synthesis, indicating that DNA ligase is induced in the hepatic cells replicating DNA. In contrast to DNA ligase, DNA kinase is unchanged in the activity level by the dietary manipulation. PMID- 7248299 TI - Evidence for a direct interaction of L-ascorbate with rat liver DNA. PMID- 7248300 TI - Inactivation of crystalline tobacco ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase by modification of arginine residues with 2,3-butanedione and phenylglyoxal. AB - Crystalline tobacco ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxylase (dimerizing), EC 4.1.1.39) is rapidly and completely inactivated by 2,3-butanedione in borate buffer or phenylglyoxal, reagents which are highly specific for the modification of arginine residues. Inactivation by phenylglyoxal is enhanced in Bicine buffer and partially reversible, whereas inactivation by butanedione is markedly enhanced in borate buffer, irreversible in the presence of borate and partially reversed upon complete removal of borate and excess reagent. When the modification reaction is performed in the presence of various ligands, only the substrate ribulosebisphosphate and the diphosphorylated competitive inhibitor sedoheptulosebisphosphate protect against inactivation. Loss of carboxylase activity is directly proportional to incorporation of [14C]phenylglyoxal until about 15% of the initial activity remains. Extrapolation to zero activity suggests that inactivation by [14C]phenylglyoxal correlates with the modification of three arginine residues per 69 000 dalton protomer. Complete protection by ribulosebisphosphate or sedoheptulosebisphosphate correlates with the shielding of 1-2 (1.27 +/- 0.25) essential arginyl groups per protomer, which are located within the 55 000 dalton catalytic subunits of the protein. Similarly, amino acid analyses of acid hydrolysates of the butanedione- or phenyl glyoxal-inactivated and substrate-protected enzymes suggest that complete protection by ribulosebisphosphate correlated with the shielding of 1.9-2.4 arginine residues per protomer. However, modification of the control and substrate-protected enzymes are these arginine-selective alpha-dicarbonyls does not alter modulation by anionic effectors. PMID- 7248301 TI - Substrate requirement for inactivation of iodothyronine-5'-deiodinase activity by thiouracil. AB - Preincubation of rat liver microsomal fraction with 1 microM 2-thiouracil and 0.01-1 microM 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine or 3',5'-diiodothyronine, 0.1-10 microM thyroxine or 3,5-diiodothyronine led to a progressive, irreversible and concomitant decrease in subsequently assayed 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine- and 3',5' diiodothyronine-5'-deiodinase activity. Preincubation with thiouracil alone, with iodothyronines alone or with thiouracil and 10 microM thyronine or 3,5 diiodotyrosine had no or virtually no effect. The results indicate that (1) a previously proposed ping-pong mechanism for thyroid hormone deiodination, involving the formation of an enzyme-sulphenyl iodide intermediate, is correct; (2) thyroxine, 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine and 3',5'-diiodothyronine are substrates for a common 5'-deiodinase; (3) this 5'-deiodinase is not fully specific as regards the position of the iodine substituents in the substrate, since it also appears to catalyse the 5-deiodination of 3,5-diiodothyronine. PMID- 7248302 TI - Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed inactivation of hexokinase. AB - The enzymatic activity of hexokinase (ATP : D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) decreased rapidly when the enzyme was exposed to the lactoperoxidase antimicrobial system (consisting of lactoperoxidase, H2O2 and SCN-). Inactivation did not begin until the reaction of one sulfhydryl group per hexokinase monomer was completed. Loss of enzyme activity accompanied the reaction of at least one additional sulfhydryl group per monomer. Covalent incorporation of 14C-labeled SCN- into hexokinase increased as the inactivation reaction progressed. The rate of the hexokinase activity loss dependent on temperature, pH and the presence of glucose and phosphate ion. When H2O2 and SCN- were applied to a Sepharose column bearing covalently attached lactoperoxidase, the column eluate inactivated hexokinase. This demonstrated that the lactoperoxidase molecule itself need not be in contact with hexokinase in order to catalyze hexokinase inactivation. The sulfhydryl-reactive oxidation product of SCN- which is generated by the column is sufficient. The results are consistent with a two-stage reaction in which the exposed, non-essential sulfhydryl groups on the hexokinase molecule react first to produce an enzymatically active but unstable form of hexokinase. This modified form of hexokinase then undergoes a spontaneous, temperature-dependent structural change, which allows reaction of previously shielded, essential sulfhydryl groups. The phenomenon described here suggests a possible mechanism for the antimicrobial effects of the lactoperoxidase system. PMID- 7248303 TI - Inhibition of rat ovarian ornithine decarboxylase by ethanol in vivo and in vitro. AB - Intragastric administration of ethanol greatly inhibited ovarian ornithine decarboxylase (L-ornithine carboxy-lyase EC 4.1.1.17) stimulated by human chorionic gonadotropin in vivo. The inhibition occurred only if the treatment with ethanol was started before the injection of hormone. The use of inhibitors for alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase clearly showed that the observed inhibition was a direct effect of ethanol itself. When rat ovarian cells were incubated in vitro with human chorionic gonadotropin the activity of ornithine decarboxylase was also markedly stimulated. This stimulation could also be inhibited by ethanol. Moreover, actinomycin D and alpha-amanitin inhibited the stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase, showing that the enhanced activity in vitro resulted from the synthesis of new mRNA for ornithine decarboxylase. The time dependence of the inhibition caused by ethanol addition resembled that after addition of actinomycin D. This supports the view that one site where ethanol inhibits protein synthesis is at the transcriptional level. PMID- 7248304 TI - Studies on the special properties of actomyosin in the gel form. II. An analysis of the turbidity changes seen in gel suspensions. AB - The turbidity changes induced by MgATP in suspensions of actomyosin gel particles have been studied systematically over a wide range of MgATP concentrations at different temperatures with and without the regulatory proteins. An analysis of these changes distinguishes three separate protein-protein interactions in the gel: (1) The transient cyclic interactions between actin and myosin involved in the hydrolysis of MgATP and contraction. (2) Cross-links that cause turbidity in the original suspension. (3) Cross-links that cause the high turbidity usually associated with superprecipitation. In general, there was a good correlation between the half-time for reaching maximum turbidity during superprecipitation and the rate of hydrolysis. On the other hand, the actual magnitude of the turbidity increase was progressively diminished as the concentration of substrate was raised in the millimolar range. It appears that some essential phase of the superprecipitation process is limited by the same enzymatic step that limits the rate of hydrolysis. However, whether or not this phase leads to an increase in turbidity depends on the concentration of MgATP. Apparently, high physiological levels of MgATP (1-5 mM) inhibit the formation of the specific cross-links that cause high turbidity in the superprecipitate. It is proposed that MgATP interferes with these links when it can bind to a low-affinity site on myosin that is separate from the high-affinity active sites for hydrolysis. Thus, in contracting muscle, interfilament interactions analogous to those that increase turbidity and cause isodimensional shrinkage in the gel would be prevented by the high level of MgATP in the sarcoplasm. Observations relating the shortening of isolated myofibrils to their turbidity in suspension lend support to this interpretation. PMID- 7248305 TI - Arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P-450 in human tissues. AB - The stability and distribution of arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in four human tissues has been examined. Two tissues, liver and lung, were obtained from autopsy samples while lymphocytes and placenta were obtained from cell lines and donors. Marked differences in arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase activity were observed between tissues and individuals, with liver being the richest source. Activity in all tissues was stable at 4 degrees C for 24 h, but freeze-thawing markedly reduced hydroxylase activity in liver. Using gel exclusion chromatography, the molecular weight of a non-dissociated form of arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase was estimated to be about 400000. A heme staining band corresponding to a molecular weight of 50000 was observed after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of liver microsomal preparations. This appears to be a cytochrome P-450 subunit based on correlations between staining intensity and hydroxylase activity in tissues and partially purified preparations examined. PMID- 7248307 TI - Substrate specificity of alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from plant scopolia japonica calluses and a suggestion with reference to the structure of beet araban. AB - Substrate specificity of alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from plant Scopolia japonica was examined using three kinds of arabinodisaccharides prepared from natural sources of synthetically. This enzyme hydrolyzed arabinofuranosyl-arabinoses which had either an alpha-(1 leads to 3) or a alpha-(1 leads to 5) linkage, but hydrolyzed arabinopyranosyl-arabinose having a alpha-(1 leads to 5) linkage to a lesser degree. alpha-L-Arabinofuranosidase (alpha-L-arabinofuranoside arabinofuranohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.55), which was shown by us to be an exo-enzyme, degraded beet araban incompletely. Arabinose oligomers and galactose-containing fragments, isolated following acid hydrolysis of araban, were both incompletely degraded by the enzyme. The reasons for the incomplete degradation were explained by the novel finding of (1 leads to 2) linkages and arabinopyranosides and the inclusion of trace amounts of galactose into the carbohydrate chain of araban. This enzyme was practically non-reacting with the hydroxyprolyl-arabinose linkage of glycopeptides from plant cell walls. PMID- 7248306 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: partial characterization of the rat liver and uterine enzymes. AB - Some properties of rat liver and uterine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D glucose-6-phosphate: NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49) have been determined. A procedure has been used for the purification of rat liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to homogeneity (spec. act. 210-225 units/mg protein) from large amounts of liver (0.5-2 kg) with yields of up to 30%. Uterine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was obtained by immunoprecipitation methods and the properties of radioactively-labeled forms of this enzyme were then determined. The amino acid composition of the liver enzyme was found to be similar to that for the enzyme from other mammalian tissues. The liver and uterine enzymes have a subunit molecular weight of 57000 and a pI of 6.5. The NH2-terminal amino acid of both enzymes was found to be pyroglutamate. PMID- 7248308 TI - Characteristics of sulfhydryl oxidase isolated by a simple chromatographic procedure. PMID- 7248309 TI - Arginase inhibition. PMID- 7248310 TI - Nonenzymic hydrogen transfer between reduced and oxidized pyridine nucleotides. AB - Mixtures of NADH and NADP+ or NADPH and NAD+ were incubated and periodically assayed for hydrogen transfer by measuring the formation of NADPH and NADH with glutathione reductase (NAD(P)H: oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.2) and lactate dehydrogenase (L-lactate: NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27), respectively. Each mixture showed a steady nonenzymic transfer of hydrogen from the reduced to the oxidized pyridine nucleotide to yield a product that was completely enzymically active. The results demonstrate the specific nonenzymic transfer of hydrogen from NADH and NADPH to the pyridine C-4 position of NADP+ and NAD+, respectively. PMID- 7248311 TI - Purification and characterization of a new thiol proteinase from rat kidney. AB - The levels of activity of a new proteinase, termed cathepsin T, in rat tissues were examined. This enzyme had been previously reported to exist in rat liver on the basis of its catalysis of the conversion of multiple forms of tyrosine aminotransferase k(L-tyrosine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.5). Kidney was found to be the richest source of cathepsin T activity, exhibiting cathepsin T activity in tissues was kidney much greater than spleen greater than liver greater than small intestine greater than lung. The proteinase activity was not detectable in heart, skeletal muscle, brain and blood. Kidney cathepsin T was purified about 1400-fold to homogeneity with a 20% yield by the purification procedure similar to that used for the liver enzyme (Gohda, E. and Pitot, H.C. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 7371-7379). Cathepsin T purified from rat kidney was found to be a glycoprotein, the molecular weight of which was between 33,500 and 35,000. Purified kidney cathepsin T converted Form I of tyrosine aminotransferase in the same way as the liver proteinase, with concomitant conversion of 52,500 dalton subunits of the aminotransferase to 48,000 dalton subunits. Kidney cathepsin T showed the same specific activities toward Form I of tyrosine aminotransferase, casein and acid-denatured hemoglobin as did the liver form of the enzyme. Many other characteristics common to the proteinases purified both from rat kidney and liver were found. We have concluded that kidney cathepsin T is the same enzyme as the liver proteinase. PMID- 7248312 TI - Purification of chloroplast alpha-1,4-glucan phosphorylase from spinach leaves by chromatography on Sepharose-bound starch. AB - Chloroplast alpha-1,4-glucan phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) has been purified to homogeneity from spinach leaves as revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purification procedure is composed of (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and chromatography on Sepharose-bound starch. In order to achieve binding of the chloroplast phosphorylase, a previously described Sepharose-glucan gel (Steup, M. Schachtele, C. and Latzko, E. (1980) Planta 148, 168-173) was modified by introducing hydrophobic groups in addition to the covalently bound starch. The chloroplast phosphorylase exhibited complete binding to this type of gel and could be eluted by a mixture of soluble glucan and NaCl. For the purified chloroplast phosphorylase, sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and pyridoxal phosphate determination resulted in a molecular weight estimation of about 110,000 per monomer. The apparent molecular weight of the native enzyme, as determined by polyacrylamide density gradient electrophoresis and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, was 200,000 and 220,000, respectively. The data indicate that the chloroplast phosphorylase is a dimer with a molecular weight higher than that of the non-chloroplast phosphorylase. PMID- 7248314 TI - Study of the role of arginine residues in bacterial formate dehydrogenase. AB - Modification of 12 arginine residues per molecule of formate dehydrogenase (formate : NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.2.) from the methylotrophic bacterium, Achromobacter parvulus I, by 2,3-butanedione results in complete inactivation of the enzyme. Inactivation of the enzyme is reversible and proceeds in two steps via formation of the intermediate enzyme-butanedione complex. Coenzymes but not formate effectively protect formate dehydrogenase from inactivation. Complete maintenance of enzyme activity and specific protection of one arginine residue per enzyme subunit are achieved on formation of the binary complex, enzyme-NAD, or the ternary complex, enzyme-NAD-azide. One arginine residue is supposed to be located at the NAD-binding site of the formate dehydrogenase active centre. PMID- 7248313 TI - Purification and some properties of urate oxidase from nitrogen-fixing nodules of cowpea. AB - Urate oxidase (urate: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.7.3.3) was purified 166-fold from nitrogen-fixing root nodules of cowpea Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp. The purified enzyme showed a specific activity of 5.7 mumol urate oxidised/min per mg protein, a molecular mass of 100 kdaltons, pH optimum between 9 and 10, isoelectric point at PH 6.8, Km(urate) = 18 muM and Km(oxygen) = 29 muM. A number of metal complexing and chelating reagents were inhibitory, as were divalent cations, including Cu2+. Iron stimulated the enzyme. Low concentrations of ammonia, glutamine and xanthine were also inhibitory. The regulation of urate oxidase in relation to the assimilation of fixed nitrogen in legume nodules is discussed. PMID- 7248317 TI - Purification and partial characterization of prostaglandin D2 11-keto reductase in rabbit liver. AB - The cytoplasmic NADPH-dependent prostaglandin D2 11-keto reductase from rabbit liver was purified by a series of chromatographic procedures including isoelectric focusing. The enzyme catalyzed the conversion of prostaglandin D2 to prostaglandin F2 alpha and had a pH optimum of 7.0-7.5, and an isoelectric point of 5.8. The molecular weight was estimated to be 66 000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Enzymic activity was time and concentration dependent and required NADPH as cofactor. PMID- 7248315 TI - Human cell dehydroascorbate reductase. Kinetic and functional properties. AB - Dehydroascorbate reductase (glutathione: dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase, EC 1.8.5.1) activity was examined in crude cytosol extracts of human cells. In blood neutrophil and lymphocyte extracts, the Km at pH 6.85 for dehydroascorbate was 1.3 mM, and for reduced glutathione 3.8 mM. Rates of dehydroascorbate uptake by intact human neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and cultured fibroblasts were proportional to cytosol dehydroascorbate reductase activities. Dehydroascorbate reduction during dehydroascorbate uptake by these cells may be entirely enzymatic. PMID- 7248316 TI - Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I of human liver. Purification, some properties and immunological cross-reactivity with the rat liver enzyme. AB - The purification of mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (carbon dioxide: ammonia ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating), EC 6.3.4.16) from small samples of human liver is described. The enzyme is composed of a single polypeptide of Mr 160 000 +/- 500 as shown by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of reducing agents. The synthetase migrates in polyacrylamide gradient gels in the absence of detergents at a rate corresponding to a Mr of 165 000. Estimates of the molecular weight of the native enzyme by gel filtration and density gradient centrifugation yield a value of 178 000. The results indicate that the enzyme exists predominantly as monomeres. Amino acids composition, isoelectric point, stability, Km values and the ability to catalyze partial reactions have been measured and compared with known properties of carbamoyl phosphate synthetases from other sources. From the available data a high degree of evolutionary conservation of the ammonia-dependent synthetase is suggested. This is also supported by the demonstration of extensive immunological cross-reactivity between the human and rat enzymes. PMID- 7248320 TI - Fat associated with adipose lipase. The newly synthesized fraction that is the preferred substrate for lipolysis. AB - The incorporation of fatty acids by adipocyte fat cake was observed. The newly formed lipid was not extracted by petroleum either but remained in the lipase containing residue. It was the first lipid to be hydrolyzed when the lipase was activated by exposure to the aqueous phase. The data presented indicate that the lipid fraction of the fat layer residue is the active compartment of cell acylglycerol and demonstrate that the compartmentation of acylglycerols into metabolic pools involves a physical separation between them. PMID- 7248321 TI - The suitability of different acyl acceptors as substrates for the acyl-Coa : 2 acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine acyltransferase in rat liver microsomes. AB - The fatty acid selectivity of the acyl-CoA : 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphorylcholine acyltransferase towards different acyl acceptors was studied in rat liver microsomes. The individual molecular species of 2 acylglycerylphosphorylcholine tested as enzyme substrates contained either palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate or arachidonate with an equimolar mixture of [14C]palmitoyl-CoA plus [3H]stearoyl-CoA serving as the acyl donor. At 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine concentrations of 16 or 64 microM, the various acyl acceptors gave generally similar reactivities, although reaction velocities with the linoleoyl, linolenoyl or arachidonoyl species were moderately greater than those with 2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine. Regardless of the acyl acceptor tested, little preference towards either palmitoyl-CoA or stearoyl-CoA was indicated at 64 microM 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphorylcholine whereas a distinct preference for stearate over palmitate (by 1.9--2.6-fold) was exhibited when a lower concentration (16 microM) of the acceptor was employed. The results support the potential importance of the acyl CoA : 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine acyltransferase for the synthesis of 1-stearoyl 2-unsaturated species of phosphatidylcholine. However, it cannot independently account for the varying palmitate : stearate ratios in the 1 position of this phospholipid when different unsaturated fatty acids reside in the 2-position. PMID- 7248318 TI - A novel prostaglandin 11-keto reductase found in rabbit liver. AB - The prostaglandin 11-keto reductase of rabbits, which catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin D2 to prostaglandin F2 alpha, is only found in the liver. This enzyme, which is primarily localized in the soluble fraction, requires NADPH for activity; its Km value for prostaglandin D2 is approx. 200 muM. [14C]Prostaglandin D2 administered to rabbits via the portal vein escapes from the liver unchanged, suggesting that exogenous prostaglandin D2 may be inaccessible to the enzyme. The possible role of this enzyme in the metabolism of endogenous hepatic prostaglandin D2 is suggested by the demonstration that the liver synthesizes prostaglandin D2 from arachidonic acid. PMID- 7248319 TI - Solubilization of a phospholipid-requiring enzyme, iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase, from rat kidney membranes. AB - Enzymic activities catalyzing the reductive 5'-deiodination of thyroxine and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine were solubilized from rat kidney microsomes by treatment with 0.2% deoxycholate. Deoxycholate reversibly inhibited the enzyme(s); removal of detergent restored activity and resulted in the formation of enzymatically active aggregates with a buoyant density of 1.17 g/ml resembling that of membranes. Fractionation of the solubilized membrane components in the presence of 0.2% deoxycholate by either gel filtration or sucrose gradient centrifugation inactivated the enzyme(s) and activity could be restored by the addition of partially purified soybean phospholipids; this allowed some of the physical properties of the enzyme(s) to be determined. 5'-Deiodinating activity of both thyroxine and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine was associated with protein(s) with S20,W of 3.5 S, Stokes' radius of 32 A, and a calculated molecular weight of 49 900. A partial specific volume of 0.74 cm3/g was calculated from sedimentation in 2H2O and H2O sucrose gradients. Phospholipid reactivation of lipid-depleted enzyme preparations was concentration-dependent, with near maximal restoration when sufficient phospholipid was added to restore the phospholipid:protein ratio to that of thyroxine and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine could not be resolved by sedimentation or molecular sieving and showed similar behavior toward deoxycholate solubilization and phospholipid reconstitution. PMID- 7248322 TI - Lipoprotein lipase and monoacylglycerol lipase activities during maturation of ob17 preadipocytes. AB - Lipoprotein lipase and monoacylglycerol lipase activities of developing ob17 preadipocytes were assayed through the selective inhibition of the former activity by 0.4% Triton X-100. After confluence both enzymes rose tao a peak activity around 13--15 days which was enhanced in insulin-treated cells. Inclusion of differentiation-blocking agents (bromodeoxyuridine, prostaglandin F2 alpha and bovine retinal extract) in the culture medium led in both enzymes to levels similar to those obtained in exponentially growing cells, in contrast to unspecific monoester hydrolase. Marked changes in the relative proportion of released to intracellular lipoprotein lipase activities were observed during adipose conversion. Our studies indicate that lipoprotein lipase and monoacylglycerol lipase are integral part of the program of differentiation of adipose cells. PMID- 7248323 TI - Modulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase by lysophosphatidylcholine and related monochain phospholipids. AB - Acyl-CoA : 1,2-diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20) activity of rat liver microsomes was found to be stimulated by 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine at low concentrations, but was inhibited above 0.2 mM. Diacylglycerol acylation was optimal at 75 microM lysophosphatidylcholine, resulting in a more than 2-fold activation of the enzyme. Acyltransferase activity disappeared above 0.5 mM lysophosphatidylcholine levels. 0.05% sodium taurocholate supplementation reduced diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity by approx. 2/3 over the entire range of lysophosphatidylcholine concentrations. 1-O-Hexadecylpropanediol-3-phosphocholine was shown to mimic lysophosphatidylcholine at stimulatory and at inhibitory concentrations in the absence and in the presence of sodium taurocholate, thus ruling out acyl-CoA depletion due to lysophosphatidylcholine acylation as a cause of depressed triacylglycerol synthesis at higher lysophosphatidylcholine levels. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine stimulated diacylglycerol acyltransferase to a lesser extent, without showing inhibition at higher concentrations. The data point towards a direct effect of the lysophospholipids on the acyltransferase system. PMID- 7248324 TI - Retro-endocytosis of low density lipoprotein by cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells. AB - Cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells, pretreated with 125I-labelled low density lipoprotein (LDL), rapidly released significant amounts of the lipoprotein as trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material during a subsequent chase period. The time and temperature dependence of this release process and its insensitivity to heparin-pretreatment of equilibrated cells suggest that LDL was regurgitated from cells by a rapid process that we have termed 'retro endocytosis'. The total amount of lipoprotein released from cells equilibrated at 37 degrees C with 125I-labelled LDL was approximately 20% of the amount degraded, pointing to the existence of a small pool of material which was distinct from the lysosomal pathway. To quantify the flux of LDL through retro-endocytosis, the fate of surface-bound lipoproteins was analyzed. Cells, pretreated with 125I labelled LDL at 4 degrees C, regurgitated about 50% of the initial surface-bound LDL during a chase period at 37 degrees C and degraded the remainder more slowly through the lysosomal pathway. The involvement of LDL-receptors was implicated because retro-endocytosis was a saturable process and was affected by up- and down-regulation. The apolipoprotein of the released LDL showed little proteolytic modification as analyzed by gel filtration. We conclude that in a steady-state situation the fraction of LDL that passes through the retro-endocytosis pathway is of the same order as that which is directed through the lysosomal system. PMID- 7248325 TI - The cooperative interaction between vitamin E and vitamin C in suppression of peroxidation of membrane phospholipids. AB - The time course of peroxidation of rat liver microsomes by FeSO4 in the presence of ascorbate showed a delay in the onset of peroxidation compared to the time course when NADPH replaced ascorbate as the electron donor. The delay was consistent with an antioxidant function of ascorbate, possibly mediated through endogenous vitamin E. In order to further investigate the cooperation between ascorbate and vitamin E in suppressing lipid peroxidation, a liposomal system containing polyunsaturated phospholipids was used. Peroxidation was initiated by ferrous iron at pH 5, where spontaneous oxidation of Fe2+ did not occur and the antioxidant properties of ascorbic acid could be characterized independently of its pro-oxidant properties as a reducer of Fe3+. Ascorbic acid alone at concentrations of 30--100 microM delayed peroxidation by 20 min and at higher concentrations prevented peroxidation for 60 min. Physiological levels of vitamin E decreased peroxidation at early time points but the vitamin was apparently consumed during the course of the incubation. The presence of both vitamin C and vitamin E produced suppression of peroxidation at early time points (0--20 min) which was approximately the sum of the individual inhibitions. At longer time points, however, the mixture of antioxidants was much more effective than the sum of both vitamins alone. This suggests that interaction between these antioxidants yields and enhanced delivery of antioxidant protection. PMID- 7248326 TI - Affinity chromatography of arterial lysosomal cholesterol ester hydrolase. AB - The glycoproteic nature of rabbit aortic lysosomal cholesterol ester hydrolase has been demonstrated by affinity chromatography on Concanavalin A-Sepharose. After chromatography, the enzyme lacks synthesizing activity. This activity is restored by addition of deactivated lysosomes containing more endogenous cholesterol. On the other hand, a hypothesis for the activation role of bis(monoacylglyceryl) phosphate is suggested. PMID- 7248327 TI - Characterization of gastric lipolytic activity. PMID- 7248328 TI - An optimized method for measuring lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase activity, independent of the concentration and quality of the physiological substrate. AB - The aim of the study was to achieve the measurement of lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43) activity independent of and uninfluenced by equilibration of lipids between different lipoproteins, their molar ratios or by possible differences in their substrate quality. A mixture of sodium phosphotungstic acid/MgCl2 was added to serum samples to achieve total precipitation of all plasma lipoproteins. The filtrate containing the total plasma lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase activity, apolipoprotein A-I and major plasma proteins was used for the assay. Liposomes comprised of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and dicetylphosphate served as substrate. The decrease in free cholesterol was determined enzymatically after incubation for 60 min at 37 degrees C. The assay followed zero-order kinetics and was linear for more than 60 min. The following Km values for various substrates were obtained: liposomes, 0.43 mM; HDL, 0.63 mM; LDL, 0.0; VLDL, 0.0; abnormal lipoprotein, found in cholestasis, (LP-X), 0.0. Comparison with generally used lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase assay methods revealed similar activities for healthy controls, but in different forms of dyslipoproteinemia higher values were obtained with our method and, in special cases, the activity could be enhanced by addition of apolipoprotein A-I. PMID- 7248329 TI - Urinary excretion of C4--C10-dicarboxylic acids and antiketogenic properties of adipic acid in ketogenic-stimulated rats due to diabetes, long-chain and short chain monocarboxylic acids. AB - The urinary excretion of C4--C10-dicarboxylic acids (succinic, adipic, suberic and sebacic acids) and the antiketogenicity of adipic acid have been studied in ketogenic-stimulated rats in three biochemically different states: diabetes, fat feeding (long-chain monocarboxylic acids) and feeding of hexanoic acid (short chain monocarboxylic acid). In diabetic rats urinary excretions of adipic and suberic acids were elevated before the rise in urinary excretions of 3 hydroxybutyric acid, i.e. before ketosis appeared. In severe diabetic ketosis sebacic acid was below normal values, whereas the excretion of succinic acid was unaltered. Rats, in which ketosis was provoked by hexanoic acid, had preketotic high urinary excretions of adipic and succinic acids. After ketosis the excretions of succinic acid declined again whereas the excretion of adipic acid rose further, together with that of suberic acid. Moreover, when rats which were ketotic due to treatment with long-chain triacylglycerol or hexanoic acid received 500 mg of adipic acid the urinary excretion of succinic acid rose significantly. However, no changes in succinic acid excretion were seen in diabetic ketotic rats treated with the same amount of adipic acid. Exogenously administered adipic acid was strongly antiketogenic towards ketosis caused by long-chain or short-chain monocarboxylic acids, but had no effect on diabetic ketosis. PMID- 7248330 TI - C6--C10-dicarboxylic aciduria in starved, fat-fed and diabetic rats receiving decanoic acid or medium-chain triacylglycerol. An in vivo measure of the rate of beta-oxidation of fatty acids. AB - Administration of decanoic acid to rats resulted not only in elevated urinary excretions of the C10-dicarboxylic acid (sebacic acid), but also in highly elevated excretions of the beta-oxidation products C8- and C6-dicarboxylic acids (suberic and adipic acids). Activation of the lipid metabolism by starvation, fat feeding and experimental diabetes increased the excretions of adipic acid and decreased the excretions of sebacic acid, i.e. the rate of oxidation of fatty acids was correlated to the adipic : sebacic acid ratio in urine. Compared with nondiabetic unstarved rats the adipic : sebacic acid ratio was elevated 2--3-, 8- 16-, 5--19-, and 22--88-times in rats which were, respectively, starved for 2 days, 4 days, on a fat-diet for 4 days, and ketotic due to streptozotocin-induced diabetes. All rats with ratios above 10 were ketotic (urinary excretions of 3 hydroxybutyric acid over 500 microgram/mg creatinine) and all rats with ratios below 4 were nonketotic, while ketosis was a variable finding in rats with intermediary ratios. Similar changes in the ratio of excreted dicarboxylic acids were found when medium-chain triacylglycerols were fed instead of decanoic acid. PMID- 7248332 TI - Acyl-CoA synthetase activity of rat liver microsomes. Substrate specificity with special reference to very-long-chain and isomeric fatty acids. AB - 1. A fatty acid-depleted rat liver microsomal fraction has been used for the measurement of acyl-CoA synthetase (acid : CoA ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.2.1.3) activity. The assay was based on measurement of the reaction product AMP by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The synthetase activity (V') revealed an optimum at 12 : 0 with saturated fatty acids as substrate, and at 14 : 1 with mono-unsaturated fatty acids. The apparent Michaelis constant, on the other hand, showed no systematic dependence on the fatty acid chain-length. 2. The mono unsaturated fatty acids from 14 : 1 to 22 : 1 gave higher activities than the corresponding saturated fatty acids, and the relative differences were greatest with the very-long-chain fatty acids eicosaenoic (20 : 1 (11) (cis)) and docosaenoic acid (22 : 1 (11) (cis)). The synthetase activity with saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids was found to correlate to their capacity factor (k') on reversed phase chromatography (HPLC). This finding may indicate that the observed chain-length dependence of the activity largely reflects the partition of the fatty acids between a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic phase. In general, the position of the double bond and the cis/trans configuration had little effect on the V' values except for 22 : 1 (11)(cis) which revealed a 2-fold higher activity tha 22 : 1 (13) (cis). 3. The polyunsaturated fatty acid 22 : 6 (all cis) ;was notably found to be a much better substrate than other C22 fatty acids. 4. The present study does not support the idea of more than a single ATP-dependent acyl CoA synthetase in the rat liver microsomal fraction. PMID- 7248331 TI - Lipoprotein lipase. Localization on plasma membrane fragments from lactating rat mammary tissue. AB - Subcellular fractionation studies were done using lactating rat mammary tissue. Lipoprotein lipase (E.C. 3.1.1.34) was found to be associated with plasma membrane-enriched and endoplasmic reticulum-enriched fractions. Considerable amounts of soluble lipoprotein lipase were found after homogenization of this tissue. The membrane-associated lipoprotein lipase activities described here were found to be resistant to release, by heparin, from their membrane sites. Buoyant density gradient fractionation experiments suggest that the lipoprotein lipase activity of lactating mammary tissue is located in part on the secretory epithelial cell plasma membrane. This conclusion is discussed in the context of the known site of action, in vivo, of mammary gland lipoprotein lipase, and of probable routes of its transport to that site. PMID- 7248333 TI - On the biosynthesis and metabolism of N-acylethanolamine phospholipids in infarcted dog heart. AB - Minced tissues from both infarcted and apparently normal areas of canine myocardium 6 h after ligation of the left descending branch of the coronary artery were incubated with [1,2-(14)C]ethanolamine. In each case substantial amounts of radioactivity were incorporated into both phosphatidylethanolamine and N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine. Incubation of homogenates from the same tissues with N-[1-(14)C]palmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine yielded labeled N-palmitoyl ethanolamine. The data support the concept that N-acylethanolamines, pharmacologically active compounds which accumulate in infarcted myocardium, are produced by N-acylation of ethanolamine phospholipids followed by phosphodiesterase action. PMID- 7248334 TI - Probability of neuronal spike initiation as a curve-crossing problem for Gaussian stochastic processes. AB - Probability of neuronal spike initiation was considered within the framework of a simple stochastic model. The time of spike occurrence was defined as the first time of crossing of a stochastic process and a determined time function. This problem has been investigated in the case of a stationary Gaussian stochastic process and a linear time function. An integral equation obtained for the probability density function of the first time crossing was numerically solved by means of computer calculations. The model was applied to the analysis of temporal pattern of spike activity evoked in the cat spinal motoneurones by depolarizing current injected through the recording microelectrode. PMID- 7248335 TI - Analysis of stretch responses of a myocybernetic model muscle fibre. AB - The characteristics of the response to stretch of a muscle fibre are investigated using a validated model of skeletal muscle. It is found that the model correctly predicts all the peculiar features of the stretch response: the initial rapid force rise; the subsequent slower rise; the slow decay of the force upon termination of the elongation; and the dependence of these phenomena upon stretching velocity and muscle length. The hypothesis explaining these phenomena is discussed in detail. PMID- 7248336 TI - Towards a theory of cell assemblies. AB - The term cell assembly, first introduced by D. O. Hebb, is defined in the framework of graph theory. This definition leads to some beautiful problems concerning the number and size of cell assemblies in large graphs. Some approaches to solve these problems are presented. In particular, the graphs Kn X Km are constructed that have n . m points, n + m - 2 connections per point, and at least 2n + 2m - 4 assemblies. Several new notions of connectivity in directed graphs are introduced and their relationships are investigated. The insight into these notions and their relationships will be helpful for further construction of graphs with many assemblies and/or high connectivity. The resulting graphs are not only important for the idea of cell assemblies in the content of neurodynamics, they may also find applications in the construction of communication networks and associative memories. PMID- 7248339 TI - Scaling of color sensation by magnitude estimation: a contribution to opponent colors theory. AB - Saturation and hue perceived in monochromatic stimuli and in light mixtures were scaled psychophysically by a direct magnitude estimation method. The colors were of aperture mode and were presented against a dark background. As a result opponent-colors functions were obtained which show the hue sensations produced by the lights of the visible spectrum (under the observing conditions used). Compared to the opponent-colors functions of Hurwich and Jameson, obtained by a cancellation technique, the subjective hue sensation differed significantly. It may be concluded that these cancellation functions describe an earlier, probably a retinal level of data processing, while our results may be regarded as a description of the output of the color vision system. PMID- 7248338 TI - The threshold of perception of angular acceleration as a function of duration. AB - The threshold for rotation about the yaw axis was determined for constant acceleration stimuli as a function of their duration in the range from 3 to 25 s. From the torsion-swing model the following theoretical equation can be derived: alpha thr = C/[1--exp(-ts/tau 1)], where alpha thr = acceleration amplitude at threshold, ts = duration of the acceleration, tau 1 = time constant, C = threshold for very long stimuli. According to this formula the Mulder product (i.e. the product of the threshold acceleration amplitude and the duration of the stimulus) is constant for durations up to 0.3 tau 1. The best fit of this theoretical function to the somatosensory data is found for tau 1 = 14.5 s, and C = 0.220/s2. The time within the Mulder product is constant (about 5 s) is doubtless due to the mechanics of the semicircular canals. For the oculogyral data a lower value of tau 1 is found. We do not have any explanation for this lower value. PMID- 7248337 TI - Phase plane description of endogenous neuronal oscillators in Aplysia. AB - Phase plane techniques are used to describe graphically the limit cycle behavior of identified endogenous neuronal oscillators in the isolated abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. Intracellularly recorded membrane potential from a bursting neuron and its first derivative with respect to time are used as coordinates (state variables) in phase space. The derivative is either measured electronically or calculated digitally. Each trajectory in phase space represents the entire output of the bursting neuron, i.e., both the rapid action potentials and slow pacemaker potentials. Phase plane portraits are presented for the free run limit cycle before and after a change in a system parameter (applied transmembrane current) and also for phase resetting produced by direct synaptic inhibition from an identified interneuron. The complex topology of the trajectory suggests that the bursting oscillator is a higher order system. Therefore, the second time derivative is used as another state variable. This type of phase plot can help to relate biophysical and mathematical analyses. PMID- 7248340 TI - Spectro-temporal representations and time-varying spectra of evoked potentials. A methodological investigation. AB - Evoked potential waveforms are generally of a dynamic, transient character. Consequently, their spectral energy distribution cannot be adequately described by time-invariant representations, such as the power density spectrum. Obviously, a spectro-temporal description is needed. Appropriate means for obtaining such descriptions are discussed, on the basis of theoretical considerations concerning simultaneous time-frequency representations and methods of short-time spectral analysis. With reference to the "uncertainty principle", particular attention is paid to time-bandwidth products of various filter types, used in relation with the latter technique. It is concluded that the method of bandpass filtering with proportional bandwidth filters, having cosine transfer functions, arises as a suitable solution in evoked potential analysis. The results of applying this method to somatosensory, visual, and brainstem auditory evoked potentials are presented. PMID- 7248341 TI - Respiratory oscillator entrainment by periodic vagal afferentes: an experimental test of a model. PMID- 7248342 TI - A theory of preattentive texture discrimination based on first-order statistics of textons. AB - The many indistinguishable texture pairs having identical second-, but different third- and higher-order statistics, led to the conjecture that globally the preattentive texture discrimination system cannot process statistical parameters of third- or higher-order. Thus in cases when iso-second-order textures yield discrimination this must be based on local conspicuous features called textons (Julesz, 1980). Here it is shown that globally even second-order statistical parameters, such as autocorrelation, cannot be processed by the textural system, and texture discrimination is solely the result of first-order statistics (density) of textons. It is also shown that the perceivable distance of statistical constraints (coherence distance) in densely packed stochastic textures is very short, four dots or less. As of now, only three texton classes were found: color, elongated blobs (line segments) of given width, orientation, and length, and the terminators (end-points) of these elongated blobs. The strength of these textons is demonstrated by several examples. PMID- 7248344 TI - [Localization of secreted enzyme-induced repression of its synthesis by the cells]. AB - It was shown that under conditions of regulation of secreted enzyme synthesis by its concentration in microorganisms, the repression of synthesis of the enzyme protein polypeptide chain and the concomitant partial repression of labelled amino acid transport into the cells occur. The regulatory effect can be exerted in the absence of transcription as well. These effects are not realized at the post-transcription or post-translation levels. PMID- 7248346 TI - [Effect of pH on the cholinesterase hydrolysis of different substrates]. AB - The effect of pH on the kinetic constants of cholinesterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of isoamylacetate and acetylthiocholine was investigated. For the first substrate the rate-limiting step is the enzyme acetylation reaction, while the overall hydrolysis rate of the second substrate is limited by the deacetylation reaction. It was concluded that a basic group is involved in the deacetylation reaction and in the non-covalent binding step of both ionic and non-ionic substrates. An acidic group participates in the both reaction steps. It was suggested that protonation of the basic group leads to a conformational transition of the free enzyme and can also participate in the catalytic mechanism. The second basic group characterized by Ka3 can be the functional group of the enzyme anionic site. Taken together, the influence of pH on cholinesterase catalysis can be generalized by the overall reaction scheme. PMID- 7248347 TI - [Glucose metabolism in isolated bacteroids of lupine nodules]. AB - The ability of the bacteroids Rhizobium lupini isolated from the nodules at the stage of active nitrogen fixation to consume [1-14C]- and [2-14C] glucose was studied. 5 min after glucose addition to the cell suspension the label is rapidly incorporated into the organic acids, amino acids and sugars, which is indicative of glucose penetration inside the bacteroids and of a high rate of its catabolism. The rapid incorporation of the label into all Krebs cycle metabolites and the activities of citrate (si)-synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, which are positively correlated with the rate of the nitrogen fixation process in the course of plant vegetation provide evidence for the occurrence of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the bacteroids. PMID- 7248345 TI - [Inhibition of respiratory proton pumps of mitochondria by Brenstead acids]. PMID- 7248343 TI - On the possible mechanism of cell cycle synchronization. AB - The influence of exchanges of lipids and antioxidants (AO) between the cells on the cell proliferation is studied in the frame of the membrane model of the cell cycle. It is shown theoretically that the easy-oxidative lipids exchange favours the synchronization of cell division, while the AO exchange leads to desynchronization. The analytical consideration and some numerical estimations are carried out. The qualitative consequences accessible to experimental verification are discussed. PMID- 7248349 TI - [Heterogeneity of brain-specific proteins of S100 type]. AB - A procedure for preparative separation of proteins from bovine brain precipitated in a saturated solution by ammonium sulfate (pH 4.0) and remaining in the supernatant is described. It was shown that not less than 22 fractions (up to 28 fractions considering the "equivocal" reaction) produce different responses to the antiserum against the major protein, i.e. S100. PMID- 7248348 TI - [Direct measurement of the antivitamin action of parenterally injected thiaminase]. AB - Thiaminase (EC 2.5.1.2) from freshwater bivalve molluscs is a polycosubstrate enzyme, which is resistant to temperatures below 55 degrees. The activation energy of the enzyme with cystein is 15077 cal/mole, with aniline--15948 cal/mole. Thiaminase when injected parenterally to albino mice 2 hrs after injection of [2-14C]thiamine causes an extensive destruction of labelled vitamin b1, which is evidenced from the [14C]thiazole content in urine, liver and kidneys. The total radioactivity and the content of [14C]thiazole in the urine samples collected within 6 hrs after thiamine injection are increased. Cysteine and histidine in combination with thiaminase have no activating effect similar to that observed "in vitro". In the experimental series when non-labelled vitamin B1 from animal tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, muscle) was substituted by the labelled one, the parenterally injected enzyme destroyed up to 30-50% of total thiamine content. Brain and skeletal muscle tissues are more resistant to thiaminase action. PMID- 7248350 TI - [Beta-glycosidase system of sunflowers. Isolation of enzyme and study of their substrate specificity]. AB - The beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-xylosidase and alpha-L arabinosidase activities of a partially purified preparation from sunflower seeds were studied by chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectrofocusing. beta-Glucosidase was isolated as two fractions with high molecular weights. One form of beta-glucosidase does not possess strict specificity to stereochemistry of hexosides C-4 and C-6 and pentosides C-5, whereas the second form exhibits a narrow specificity for C-4 and is low specific towards substituents of C-5. The sunflower seeds also contain acid beta galactosidase, which possesses a narrow specificity and is not coupled with the beta-glucosidase activity. The molecular weight of beta-galactosidase is 62000. PMID- 7248351 TI - [Effect of tenoyltrifluoroacetone on the functioning of mitochondria and other membrane structures]. AB - The effects of tenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA) on respiration and oxidative phosphorylation of rat liver mitochondria and on the permeability of inner mitochondrial membranes for mono- and divalent cations were studied. It was shown that TTFA, beside being an inhibitor of succinate oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler increases the permeability of mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments, liposomes and bilayer phospholipid membranes for Ca2+. The TTFA (150 mkM)-induced permeability of mitochondria for various cations decreases in the following order: Ca2+: H+: Mg2+: Sr2: Ba2+: K+: Na+ = 1:0,07: 0,06: 0,02: 0,015: 0,01. TTFA predominantly stimulates the Ca2+/H+ or Ca2+/Na+ exchange; the membrane-active effects of TTFA are enhanced in the presence of the hydrophobic anion tetraphenylborate and the neutral electron donating compound tributylphosphate. PMID- 7248353 TI - [Ultraviolet difference spectroscopy study of alpha- and beta gamma-thrombin binding to heparin]. AB - The interaction of alpha- and beta gamma-thrombin with heparin was studied by ultraviolet difference spectroscopy within the wavelength range of 230-300 nm. The absorption difference spectrum of the thrombin-heparin complex was negative and had two maxima at 255 nm (5300 M-1 cm-1) and 282 nm (4700 M-1 cm-1) for alpha thrombin and at 240 nm (4900 M-1 cm-1) and 282 nm (4100 M-1 cm-1) for beta gamma thrombin. It is assumed that the conformational changes induced by heparin in the enzyme molecule involve the transfer of some tryptophan and tyrosine residues from the interior of the protein to the surface. The absorption changes during alpha-thrombin--heparin interaction at physiological ionic strength suggest binding of some alpha-thrombin molecules to a heparin molecule at the ligand enzyme molar ratio lower than 1. Under the same conditions beta gamma-thrombin forms an equimolar complex with heparin with the dissociation constant equal to 7,0.10(-9) M. The ionic strength increase up to 0,217 M NaCl results in some disturbances in beta gamma-thrombin-heparin interaction and prevents the binding of additional alpha-thrombin molecules to an equimolar complex of alpha-thrombin with heparin. Therefore the kinetics of the two enzyme forms interaction with heparin are similar, the alpha-thrombin affinity for heparin being a little higher. The data obtained suggest that alpha-thrombin binding to heparin is essential for biological inactivation of thrombin. PMID- 7248352 TI - [Propionylcholinesterases from the brain of Mollusca Interaction with substrates and inhibitors]. AB - The kinetics of hydrolysis of choline esters under the action of propyonylcholinesterases (acylcholine--acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.8) from the brain of some Gastropoda--Lymnaea stagnalis, Murex frunculus and Rapana thomasiana were studied. It was shown that the propyonylcholinesterases under study differ from typical cholinesterases of vertebrates. Their catalytic action is characterized by a high rate of hydrolysis of propyonylcholine (PCh) and butyrylcholine (BCh), inhibition of activity by high concentrations of the substrates and the inability to catalyze the hydrolysis of benzoyl choline and acetyl-beta-methylcholine (AMCh) with the exception of a low rate of AMCh hydrolysis induced by propyonylcholinesterase of L. stagnalis. The correlation of the hydrolysis rates of PCh, BCh and acetylcholine (ACh) is different. A comparison of the kinetic parameters of Km, V and V/Km for the enzymatic hydrolysis of substrates allowed to establish differences between various propyonylcholinesterases coupled with the values of the kinetic constants for initial and final steps of hydrolysis. Propyonylcholinesterase from M. trunculus is a "proper" propyonylcholinesterase, since PCh is the best substrate for it, both at the stage of the enzyme-substrate complex formation and upon its catalytic conversion. The most preferable substrate for the L. stagnalis enzyme at the stage of the enzyme-substrate complex formation is ACh, that for the R. thomasiana enzyme--BCh. The Kss values for the substrate inhibition of propyonylcholinesterase activity were determined. The enzyme from M. trunculus is characterized by the lowest Kss values for BCh, PCh and ACh. The propyonylcholinesterase activity is inhibited by eserine and organophosphorus inhibitors (OPI). The values of bimolecular constants (kappa II) of the rate of interaction with the cationic OPI, methylsulfomethylate (O-ethyl-S (beta-ethylmercaptoethyl) methylthiophosphonate (Gd-42) for all propyonylcholinesterases greatly exceed those for the corresponding cation-free analog of Gd-7; however, the kappa IIGd-42/kappa IIGd-7 ratio is different. The selectivity towards the acyl radical structure and the split-off moiety of the OPI molecule is also different, i. e. the highest kappa II for L. stagnalis propyonylcholinesterase was determined with Gd-42, for the M. trunculus enzyme- with methylsulfomethylate O,O-diethyl-S-(beta-ethylmercaptoethyl) thiophosphate, for the R. thomasiana enzyme--with iodomethylate O,O-diethyl-S-(beta cyclohexyldimethylaminoethyl) thiophosphate. Data on OPI suggest that the propyonylcholinesterases under study differ in some features in the structure of anionic and esterase moieties of their active surface. PMID- 7248354 TI - [Kinetics and mechanism of individual and combined oxidation of o-dianisidine and bismuthol I by hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase]. AB - The individual and combined oxidation of 5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazolthione-2 (bismuthol I) and 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine (o-dianisidine) by hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (pH 5,0) was studied. It was shown that bismuthol I is a substrate for peroxidase, which is competitive towards o dianisidine. In the presence of bismuthol I the Km value for o-dianisidine is increased, while kappa cat remains unchanged. The competitive inhibition constant for bismuthol is equal to 19,4 mkM. An addition of bismuthol I causes the appearance of the induction period (tau) on the kinetic curves of o-dianisidine oxidation, whose duration is proportional to bismuthol concentration. The kinetic patterns allowing interpretation of the experimental results are proposed. A kinetic analysis permitted to determine the rate constants for the individual steps of omicron-dianisidine oxidation catalyzed by peroxidase. PMID- 7248355 TI - [Competitive binding of histones to DNA and the problem of chromatin self assembly]. AB - The competitive binding of histones to DNA in a medium of physiological ionic strength (0.15 M NaCl) and in water was studied by an electrophoretic analysis of histones bound to DNA and retaining their free state in the mixtures of DNA with total histone. In the medium of physiological ionic strength the binding sequences of more and less competitive histone fraction molecules to DNA can be represented as follows: H3+H4, H2a+ +H2b and H3, H4, H2a, H2b and H1, which is indicative of the absence of histone complexes in water and their presence in 0.15 M NaCl, in addition to individual molecules. In water the binding sequences of the histone, molecules to DNA were identical, i. E. H3+H4, H2a, H2b+H1. It was concluded that the non-ionic interaction between the histones bound to DNA determines the discrepancy between the values of histone net charges and their relative affinities for DNA by increasing the correlation between the positively charged amino acid residues of the histones. The relations between the histone competition for DNA and the chromatin self-assembly as well as the reproduction of the specific pattern of gene expression in the cell generation are discussed. PMID- 7248356 TI - [Carbohydrate composition of wall-eyed pollock rhodopsin]. AB - Using gas-liquid and column chromatography, the carbohydrate composition of the visual protein rhodopsin from wall-eyed pollock purified by SDS-electrophoresis was studied. It was found that similar to bovine rhodopsin, the protein from wall eyed pollock contains in its carbohydrate moiety only two types of monosaccharides, i. e. mannose and glucosamine (1,78 +/- 0,13 moles of mannose per one mole of glucosamine). One mole of rhodopsin contains 9,43 +/- 1,5 moles of mannose and 5,3 moles of glucosamine. The data obtained suggest a similarity of the carbohydrate component of wall-eyed pollock rhodopsin to that of the traditional object--bovine rhodopsin. Possible functions of the carbohydrate component of rhodopsin in the photoreceptor membrane are postulated. PMID- 7248358 TI - [Isolation and purification of bacterial luciferase from Photobacterium fischeri for analytical purposes]. AB - A procedure resulting in a highly purified preparation of bacterial luciferase with a high specific activity towards FMNH2 and NADH was developed. Using SDS electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, it was shown that the enzyme has a subunit composition and that its monomers do not contain the luciferase activity. The use of the obtained preparation for determining the content of NADH and FMN by the bioluminescent method allowed to increase its sensitivity up to 10(-18) and 10( 17) moles, respectively. PMID- 7248357 TI - [Role of sulfhydryl groups in the inactivation mechanism of bacterial formate dehydrogenase]. AB - Inactivation of formate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.2) from gramnegative methanol utilizing bacteria was studied. It was shown that the thermal inactivation of the enzyme occurs at temperatures above 50 degrees; at temperatures below 40 degrees the inactivation is due to metal ion-catalyzed oxidation of its sulfhydryl groups. A possible general mechanism of the enzyme inactivation is proposed. PMID- 7248359 TI - [Immobilized luciferase from the fireflies Luciola mingrelica. Changes in the pH dependence of the enzyme catalytic activity and stability during its immobilization on various polysaccharide carriers]. AB - The luciferase from the fireflies luciola mingrelica was immobilized on different CNBr-activated polysaccharide carriers, e. g. Sepharose, Ultrodex, cellophane, Ultrogel. The catalytic activity and the inactivation rate constants of the soluble and immobilized enzyme at 25 degrees (pH 6.0--9.0) were determined. During immobilization on Sepharose the pH profile of activity shifts towards lower pH values, while upon immobilization on Ultrogel and Ultrodex it is considerably broadened. Immobilization on Ultrogel and Ultrodex results in a 3- 100 -fold stabilization of the enzyme (pH less than 7.5). whereas the stability of luciferase immobilized on Sepharose and cellophane within the same pH range is 10--1000 times higher than that of the soluble enzyme. It was shown that inactivation of luciferase immobilized on Sepharose and cellophane is limited by oxidation of the SH-groups of the enzyme and is inhibited by dithiothreitol. The inactivation of luciferase immobilized on Ultrogel and Ultrodex and that of soluble enzyme is not limited by oxidation of the SH-groups. PMID- 7248361 TI - [Electrophoretic study of Potato tuber plasmolemmal proteins]. AB - The number and qualitative content of proteins extracted from potato tuber plasmolemma by buffer solutions of various ionic strengths and the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 were investigated. It was shown that treatment with the buffer solutions of various ionic strengths results in separation of various amounts of proteins from the membranes. The proteins extracted at various ionic strengths differ in their electrophoretic mobility and the lipo- and glycoprotein sets. The extraction of the bulk of peripheral proteins by buffer solutions does not affect the vesicular structure and the three-layer structure of the vesicles in the plasmolemmal preparation. On the contrary, Triton X-100 has a destructive effect on the plasmolemmal vesicles. The amount of protein extracted with Triton X-100 is relatively low and does not increase with the increase in the detergent concentration from 1% up to 10%. Pretreatment of the preparation with buffer solutions decreases the amount of protein extracted by Triton X-100 irrespective of the ionic strength of the buffer. The electrophoregrams of the proteins extracted by the buffer solutions and Triton X-100 revealed that the detergent can dissolve both structural and peripheral proteins of the plasmolemma. Treatment of plasmolemma with buffer solutions causes separation of hydrophylic proteins from the membranes and brings about changes in the properties of the membrane-bound proteins. PMID- 7248360 TI - [DNA-polymerase from sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius. Embryos]. AB - Using DEAE-cellulose chromatography, three peaks of the DNA-polymerase activity were found in a homogenate of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius embryos at stage 32 of the blastomer. The isolation and purification of DNA polymerase making up the bulk of he DNA-synthesizing activity of the sea urchin embryo cells included fractionation by ammonium sulfate, chromatography on DEAE cellulose, hydroxyapatite and DNA-cellulose, resulting in a 2750-fold purification of the enzyme. The enzyme activity requires the presence of two chain DNA activated by pancreatic DNAse, four dNTP and Mg2+. The enzyme is inhibited by a high ionic strength (150 mM KCl or NaCL) and the sulfhydryl reagent--N-ethylmaleimide; the pH optimum is 8.0. The molecular weight of the enzyme as determined by gel-filtration is about 150 000. It is assumed that the enzyme under study can be related to DNA-polymerases of the alpha-type. PMID- 7248362 TI - [Heterogeneity of cationic proteins of chromatin from various tissues]. AB - Using electrophoresis in 12% polyacrylamide gel with 8 M urea and 0.6 mM Triton X 100, the spectra of cationic chromosomal proteins from various tissues and animal species were studied. The tissue specificity of the histone spectra is due to the sex, tissue and specific differences. Histones H2a, H2b, H3 and H4 as well as protamines and protamine-like proteins are represented in chromatin as a sequence of subfractions. The data on heterogeneity of the tissue spectra for the histones can be interpreted in terms of their possible participation in the control of genome functioning. PMID- 7248363 TI - [Reversible electric current generation by reconstituted mitochondrial transhydrogenase]. AB - A direct measurement of the electrogenic activity of purified mitochondrial transhydrogenase has been carried out. For this purpose beef heart transhydrogenase was isolated and reconstituted with phospholipids to form proteoliposomes. The transhydrogenase proteoliposomes were incorporated into a membrane filter impregnated with a decane solution of phospholipids. It was shown that the addition of substrates of either forward (NADPH and NAD+) or reverse (NADH and NADP+) transhydrogenase reaction gives rise to formation of electric potential difference across the proteoliposome-treated membrane filter. The electric vector depends on the direction of the reaction. The proteoliposome supplemented compartment charges negatively in the case of the reverse one. The addition of the reaction products after substrate equalizes the potentials. The transhydrogenase-treated membrane retains the ability to the transhydrogenase linked electrogenesis after removal of an excess of non-incorporated proteoliposomes. PMID- 7248364 TI - [Changes in the phospholipid content and the antioxidant activity of erythrocyte lipids in mammary gland tumors and during radiotherapy]. AB - Changes in the phospholipid content and the antioxidant activity of the lipid fractions of erythrocytes in patients with different mammalian gland tumours, e. g. fibroadenoma, fibrocystic mastopathy and carcinomas, before and after radiotherapy were studied. It was found that the content of individual phospholipid fractions and their physico-chemical properties vary depending on the type of the tumour. Nevertheless in all cases studied the sphingomyelin content in the erythrocytes at early stages of malignancy is increased, with a maximum exceeding ther normal level 2-fold. Changes in the content of other phospholipids depend on the degree of malignancy and are especially well pronounced in the neoplasm and at early stages of neogenesis. The phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine content in the erythrocytes in fibro-cystic mastopathy is decreased, while that of lysophosphatidyl choline is increased (more than 3-fold). The phosphatidyl choline content is considerably increased in fibroadenoma and is decreased in fibro-cystic mastopathy and carcinomas with a diameter of less than 2 cm. The antioxidant activity of the erythrocyte lipids significantly exceeds the normal level in benign tumours of the mammalian gland and at early stages of neogenesis. Further malignancy is accompanied by a decrease of the antioxidant activity of erythrocytes below the normal level and by an appearance of phosphatidyl inositol in the phospholipid fraction. PMID- 7248366 TI - [Hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose by multienzyme cellulase complexes of various origins]. AB - The kinetic regularities of glucose and cellobiose formation from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) under the action of cellulase complexes from eight different sources were studied. By means of successive addition of selected components of the cellulase complexes (endoglucanase and cellobiase) to the reaction system the rate-limiting steps for multienzymatic hydrolysis of MCC were determined. It was shown that in most cases the rate-limiting step of glucose formation (via hydrolysis of the intermediate cellobiose) is the cellobiase action. In a single case only (with a cellulase complex from Aspergillus foetidus enriched with cellobiase) the rate of glucose formation from MCC was limited by the endoglucanase action. In accordance with the kinetic theory developed it was shown that the addition of cellobiase excess to the reaction system resulted in changes of the rate-limiting step over to endoglucanase attack on the non-soluble cellulose for all cellulase complexes under study. Under the given experimental conditions a linear correlation between the steady-state ready of glucose formation from MCC under the action of all cellulase complexes on the on hand, and the endoglucanase activity of these complexes, on the other, was established. It was shown that the action of all cellulase (arbitrarily selected ones) is described by principally the same kinetic regularities, which, in turn, is indicative of identical mechanisms for hydrolysis of the insoluble cellulose under effects of cellulase complexes of various origin. PMID- 7248367 TI - [Simple method for DNA fraction enrichment with unique genes]. AB - The conditions for RNA--DNA molecular hybridization in 15% phenolic suspension, allowing to extend the temperature range of the R-loop formation and render the method insensitive to the nucleotide composition of RNA are proposed. The method described results in a 100-fold enrichment of the globin-gene content in a few days. The method was used for enrichment of rat DNA preparations with globin genes. PMID- 7248368 TI - [Effect of composition of multienzyme cellulase complexes on rate-limiting steps for non-soluble (native) cellulose hydrolysis]. AB - It was shown that the kinetics of multienzyme cellulase complexes are generally characterized by the absence of any single rate-limiting step of hydrolysis, even when the rates of individual steps of the process are substantially different. This peculiarity of the kinetic behaviour of cellulases can be explained in terms of certain "shunt ways" in a series of individual steps of enzymatic degradation of cellulose into glucose. A basic kinetic scheme for the degradation of cellulose was developed and proved experimentally for hydrolysis of milled cotton linters under the action of ten various cellulase complexes from the fungi Trichoderma, Geotrichum and Aspergillus. It was found that the value of the stationary rate of glucose formation in all cases is determined by the effect of two or three cellulolytic components of the complexes. It was concluded that the mechanism of native cellulose hydrolysis is the same for all cellulase complexes under study irrespective of their composition and origin. PMID- 7248365 TI - [Changes in DNA-histone contacts under thermal denaturation of DNP and nucleosomes]. AB - The UV (253.7 nm)-induced binding of the protein to DNA in DNP and nucleosomes at low ionic strength within the temperature range of 5--85 degrees C was studied. A two-step increase in th degree of protein binding was revealed, which was assumed to correspond to two structural conversions in the nucleoproteins during their denaturation. It was shown that the appearance of additional sites of core histone binding in the premelting region is induced by local changes in the DNA structure. None of the four histone fractions was shown to bind preferentially over the whole temperature range studied, which suggests that the structural changes occur all over the length of DNA in the nucleoproteins. PMID- 7248369 TI - [Reconstitution of sensitivity of solubilized rabbit heart adenylate cyclase to hormones and guanyl nucleotides]. AB - Solubilization of adenylate cyclase by lubrol PX results in a loss of the enzyme sensitivity to hormones; however, the enzyme retains its ability to be activated by guanyl nucleotides and NaF. Lubrol WX devoids adenylate cyclase of its sensitivity to hormones and NaF. Solubilization causes a shift in the pH optimum of the enzyme towards neutral values of pH and significantly decreases the thermal stability of adenylate cyclase. The replacement of lubrol PX from the solubilized preparation by phospholipids increases the basal activity of adenylate cyclase (phosphatidyl serine) or restores its sensitivity to adrenaline and glucagon (phosphatidyl inositol). A reconstitution of the adenylate cyclase sensitivity to catecholamines by phosphatidyl inositol is also obtained after removal of the detergent excess using ion-exchange chromatography or lubrol PX replacement by cholate in the solubilized preparation. This restoration of the enzyme sensitivity to hormones is accompanied by an increase of the activating action of guanylylimidodiphosphate on the enzyme. PMID- 7248370 TI - [Chlorophyll-photosensitized inorganic phosphate uptake in water-alcohol transitions]. AB - Illumination of chlorophylls a + b in water -- alcohol solutions containing inorganic phosphate results in a decrease of phosphate down to 11 mkmoles in 10 min per 3 ml of the reaction mixture. This process occurs in the air at H2O concentration in alcohol of 13-27% (pH 7.2-8.0). Adenosine phosphates when added to the reaction mixture are not subjected to phosphorylation, presumably due to their low solubility in alcohol solutions with a small content of water. No pyrophosphate formation in the reaction mixture was observed. It was assumed that the end product of the reaction is ethylphosphate formed by ethyl alcohol interaction with methaphosphathione monomer via chlorophyll-photosensitized electron transfer from orthophosphate ions. PMID- 7248371 TI - [Localization of tyrosine residues in histone H1 from wheat embryos]. AB - The structure of histone H1 and wheat embryos and calf thymus was compared in fragments formed via oxidative splitting of the tyrosine residues of the polypeptide chain. It was shown that the protein under study is structurally similar to histone H1 from calf thymus in some parameters, e. g. asymetry of the basic amino acid residues, predominantly in the C-terminal protein moiety; localization of the tyrosine residues in the N-terminal part of the molecule. The structural specificity of histone H1 from wheat embryos consists in the approximation of histidine and tyrosine residues. PMID- 7248372 TI - [Isolation and properties of the pigment-protein complex (protochlorophyllide - holochrome) from etiolated leaves of corn sprouts]. AB - A pigment -- protein complex was isolated from etiolated leaves of corn sprouts using treatment by the detergent Triton X-100, ultracentrifugation and gel filtration. The complex has a molecular weight of 50000 and upon illumination can convert protochlorophyllide (Pchld) into chlorophyllide (Chld). The low temperature fluorescence spectra of dark preparations reveal maxima of Pchld 632 (photo-inactive form) and Pchld 653 (photo-active form). Upon illumination Pchld 653 is converted into Chld 685. The kinetics of the precursor photoconversion into Chld are coincident with those for photoconversion in native etiolated corn leaves. The complex is completely inactivated at a decrease of pH down to 6.5 or during incubation at high temperature (30 degrees). PMID- 7248374 TI - [Inhibitory analysis of the luminescent electron transport chain of Photobacterium fischeri]. AB - The quenching of luminescence of bacterial luciferase from Photobacterium fischeri by non-specific electron acceptors and inhibitors of dehydrogenases was studied. The inhibition of the luminescent reaction obeys the non-competitive mechanism with NADH, FMN and aliphatic aldehyde. The inhibitors compete with cytochrome c for NADH -- cytochrome c oxido-reductase. It is concluded that lumiredoxin, a FeS-containing protein, is the most sensitive component of the luminescent electron transport chain. PMID- 7248373 TI - [Respiratory system of Endomyces magnusii. Properties of mitochondria from cells grown on glycerol]. AB - Some peculiarities of oxidation of various substrates by tightly coupled highly energized mitochondria from the yeast Endomyces magnusii were studied. During cell growth on glycerol the formation of NADH and alpha-glycerophosphate in the hyaloplasm is paralleled with an adaptive synthesis of highly active dehydrogenases in the mitochondria. The dehydrogenases oxidize these substrates and are localized on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The reducing equivalents of the dehydrogenases enter the respiratory chain at the ubiquinone level by a shunt via the rotenone-sensitive site of the respiratory chain. Terminal oxidation of exogenous NADH, alpha-glycerophosphate and NAD dependent substrates occurs in the cytochrome chain and is tightly coupled with phosphorylation. The ADP/O value is close to theoretical ones. Oxidation of succinate is partly mediated by alternate cyanide-resistant oxidase; the shunt off of the electron flow between two alternate pathways is controlled by ADP. The tight coupling and theoretical efficiency of phosphorylation under succinate oxidation can take place only in the presence of salycyl hydroxamate, an alternate pathway inhibitor. A possible physiological role of alternate oxidase and the peculiarities of oxidation control at the individual substrate level are discussed. PMID- 7248375 TI - [DNA methylation in wheat seedling and influence of phytohormones]. AB - A labelled DNA is synthesized in the etiolated wheat seedlings 72 hrs after a single addition of [2-14C]orotic acid (1 mCi per 250 seedlings). This DNA does not differ in the methylation degree of cytosine residues and base composition (radioactivity ratios 100.m5C/(C+m5C) and T/(C++m5C) from total seeding DNA. Thus, the radioactivity ratio 100.m5C/(C+m5C) represents in fact the methylation degree of cytosine residues in labelled DNA, and [2-14C]orotic acid can be used for the study of DNA methylation in higher plants. The newly synthesized DNA (21 hr incubation of seedlings with radioactive precursor) is methylated about 2 times less in comparison with fully synthesized radioactive DNA and total seedling DNA. This supports the assumption on a step-wise character of replicative DNA methylation in plants. Phenylacetic acid (30 mg/l) and 6 benzylaminopurine (l mg/l) do not influence the post-replicative DNA methylation, but auxin (FAA) very strongly inhibits the replicative DNA methylation. The phytohormone-induced changes in replicative DNA methylation are considered as a possible mechanism for regulation of DNA replication and, probably, of cell differentiation in higher plants. PMID- 7248376 TI - [Specificity of interaction of nuclear juice proteins and cytoplasm with DNA]. AB - The interaction of nuclear juice proteins and cytoplasm isolated from hepatocytes at different steps of the cell cycle with DNA was studied by chromatography of labelled proteins on columns with DNA and by fixation of the [3H]DNA -- protein complexes on nitrocellulose filters. It was demonstrated that the nuclear juice contains proteins, which specifically interact with homologous native DNA. PMID- 7248377 TI - [Glutamin(asparagin)ase from Pseudomonas aurantiaca BKMB-548]. AB - A method for isolation of glutamin (asparagin) ase from Pseudomonas aurantiaca BKMB-548 has been developed. The enzyme preparation is homogeneous during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (pH 7.5 and 7.0) with SDS. The pH-optima of the enzyme thermal stability and of the glutaminase activity are equal to 6.0 8.0. At higher pH values the asparaginase activity increases within the pH range of 4-9. The amino acid composition of glutamin(asparagin)ase has been determined. PMID- 7248378 TI - [Quaternary structure of transketolase from rat liver]. AB - The quaternary structure of immobilized rat liver transketolase was studied. It was shown that the individual subunits of the enzyme are active in their specific activity do not differ from the dimeric form of the enzyme. The quaternary structure stabilizes the coenzyme binding to the protein; thiamine pyrophosphate is split off from the choloenzyme only upon destruction of the quaternary structure. The hybrid dimers formed by the subunits of transketolase from rat liver and baker's yeast were obtained. Their formation requires the presence of the coenzyme and Ca2+ in the medium. No reassociation of the rat liver transketolase subunits into a dimer was shown. It was assumed that in vivo the subunits of rat liver transketolase do not exist in a free state and their association into dimers occurs immediately after completion of the polypeptide chain biosynthesis in the presence of thiamine pyrophosphate. PMID- 7248380 TI - [Interrelationship between two kinetic forms of pyruvate kinase in chicken liver during ontogenesis]. AB - The value of the r coefficient for pyruvate kinase (rate at 1.5 mM of phosphoenolpyruvate per rate at 0.4 mM of phosphoenolpyruvate), i.e. ratio between the enzyme forms possessing the Michaelis-Menten and cooperative kinetics, in chicken liver during ontogenesis was found to be different. The embryonic liver contains predominantly the form with the cooperative kinetics, while in the livers of 1- and 10-day-old chickens the content of the other form is increased. In the livers of adult chicken the correlation between the two forms is that typical for 10-day-old chicken. PMID- 7248381 TI - [Inhibition of bacterial luminescence by cytochrome P-450 substrates]. AB - The mechanisms of luminescence quenching by various drugs, e.g. dimethylaniline, ethylmorphine, hexobarbital and aminopyrine, which are effective inhibitors of luminescence both in intact cells and in bacterial luciferase, were studied. It was shown that the inhibition of luminescence occurs due to competition of the bacterial luminescence system substrate--aliphatic aldehyde in cytochrome P-450. The functional similarity of the bacterial luminescence system to the microsomal hydroxylation system is postulated. PMID- 7248382 TI - [Properties of phospholipase D from Raphanus sativus]. AB - The main properties of phospholipase D from radish roots were studied. The effects of various activators including Ca2+ on the catalytic activity of the enzyme were determined. The necessity for Ca2+ is in a large degree dependent on the type of the prime, as well as on the substrate type. Sodium dodecyl sulfate and diethyl ester can induce lecithine cleavage in the presence of Ca2+, while solid adsorbents, e.g. silicagel, can stimulate the reaction in the absence of Ca2+. The curve of the enzyme hydrolytic activity dependence on pH has two maxima, which depend on the type of the prime. Phospholipase D from radish roots, unlike the enzyme from other plants (cotton, peanut, cabbage, etc.) displays a more pronounced specificity for lecithine as substrate and is weakly active in the reaction with cephaline. Cephaline undergoes splitting by phospholipase D in the absence of Ca2+ as well, despite the fact that Ca2+ are necessary for lecithine hydrolysis. An addition of Ca2+ increases the enzymic affinity for the substrate in all cases studied. Some data on the transalkylating function of the enzyme are given. PMID- 7248379 TI - [Cytochrome P-450 distribution in endoplasmic reticulum membranes of rat liver]. AB - Using electron-dense labelling in combination with solubilization, the localization of cytochrome P-450 in the microsomal membranes was studied. It was shown that cytochrome P-450 is unevenly distributed in the membrane and has 2-3 reactive SH-groups. The molecules of solubilized cytochrome P-450 contain 4-5 reactive SH-groups and show a tendency to aggregate. A comparative study of cytochrome P-450 distribution in the microsomal ghosts membranes in proteoliposomes was carried out. PMID- 7248383 TI - [Multiplicity of lipase forms from Rhizopus microsporus]. AB - The lipase from Rhizopus microsporus of glycoprotein origin is represented by five forms differing in their molecular weights and localization in the cell. The lipase forms are distinguished by their relative content of A and B subunits (AB, 2A + B, A + 2B, 4A + B, 3A + 2B). Only three isoenzymes containing the bulk of the non-protein moieties were detected in the culture fluid. The other two forms can exist only as intracellular proteins. PMID- 7248384 TI - [Tryptic peptides of maleylated alpha-chain of histidine decarboxylase from Micrococcus sp. n]. AB - The maleylated alpha-chain of histidine decarboxylase from Micrococcus sp. n., containing 10 arginine residues was hydrolyzed by trypsin, and 9 peptides were isolated from the tryptic hydrolysate. A comparative study of the amino acid sequence in the tryptic peptides of alpha- and beta-chains of histidine decarboxylase allowed to establish the intramolecular homology in the alpha-chain primary structure and homology between the alpha- and beta-chains. PMID- 7248385 TI - [Circular dichroism spectra of DNA complexes with stellins A and B--protamines from Acipenser stellatus]. AB - The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of DNA complexes with stellins A and B, protamines from Acipenser stellatus, in 2,5 x 10(-4) M EDTA were studied. The CD spectrum of the stellin B--DNA complex practically coincides with that of original DNA. In the CD spectrum of the stellin A--DNA complex the positive band amplitude increases at 275 nm, while the negative band amplitude decreases at 245 nm at increasing of protein/DNA ratio. The resulting A-like CD spectrum is apparently coupled with the changes in the parameters of DNA double helix. The changes in the CD spectra in the stellin A--DNA complex are correlated with a higher capacity of stellin A for helix formation in ethanol. The data obtained suggest that individual components of stellin play a specific role in the structural organization of nucleoprotamine. PMID- 7248387 TI - [Dependence of RNA synthesis in the cell of Physarum polycephalum on concentration and activity of RNA-polymerase II]. AB - The RNA synthesis detected by incorporation of [H3]uridine chase label proceeds in macroplasmodium and in isolated nuclei throughout the cell cycle of a synchronous myxomycetes culture of Physarum polycephalum, producing two well shaped peaks at the postmitotic and premitotic steps. Such RNA synthesis is due to the activity of alpha-amanitin-sensitive RNA-polymerase II. Concentrations of RNA-polymerase II at various steps of the cell cycle were determined by alpha amanitin titration; the specific activity of the enzyme was assayed. The increase in the rate of mRNA synthesis was accompanied by a rise in the concentration and specific activity of the enzyme: for the postmitotic peak, for instance, the corresponding values were about 2-2.5 and 2-4 times as high as minimum values revealed during the cycle. The results obtained are discussed in terms of transcription control in eukaryotic systems. PMID- 7248386 TI - [Thermal and proteolytic inactivation of cytochrome P-450]. PMID- 7248391 TI - [Myeloarchitectonics of the radial system of the fiber complex of human brain fields 40, 39, 37c, and 37b]. PMID- 7248388 TI - [Role of guanyl nucleotides in regulation of activity of heart adenylate cyclase by chloride ions]. AB - Guanyl nucleotides enhance the activating effect of chloride ions on adenylate cyclase of rabbit heart sarcolemma. Chloride ions decrease the lag period in the effect of guanyl-5'-ylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p), the non-hydrolyzed analog of GTP, on adenylate cyclase. Guanyl nucleotides and chloride ions exert a synergistic effect on the enzyme activation. The adenylate cyclase activity in the presence of Gpp(NH)p is increased by other anions as well. The activating effect of chloride ions on the enzyme is enhanced by GTP, as well as by GDP. On the contrast, GDP completely inhibits the enzyme activation by isoproterenol. It was assumed that chloride ions favour the formation of a complex between the adenylate cyclase catalytic subunit and the regulatory protein irrespective of the type of guanyl nucleotide, i.e. GTP, Gpp(NH)p or GDP, present in the nucleotide binding site of the regulatory protein. PMID- 7248390 TI - [Kinetics of the NADH regenerating system using bacterial formate dehydrogenase]. AB - The main kinetic regularities of the NADH regeneration system functioning was studied. A theoretical interpretation of the dependence of the stationary reaction rate in a two-enzyme system with a common cofactor on the enzyme, cofactor and substrate concentrations and the catalytic parameters of individual enzymatic processes was obtained. A mathematical analysis of the dependences of the stationary rate on the content of each enzyme in the system at different activity ratios of each enzyme and within a broad range of initial cofactor concentrations was carried out. The kinetics of regeneration of native NADH and the NADH immobilized on a water-soluble 4-vinylpyridine and acroleine copolymer in a model two-enzyme formate dehydrogenase--NADH dehydrogenase system were investigated. PMID- 7248389 TI - [Changes in testosterone oxidation in rat liver microsomes after prolonged administration of ethylmorphine]. AB - Ethylmorphine administration to male rats during 3 weeks markedly decreased the cytochrome P-450 content and the rate of oxidation of ethylmorphine, hexobarbital and testosterone in liver microsomes. The decrease of the substrate oxidation rate was correlated with the decrease in the maximal spectral changes induced by the substrate binding to cytochrome P-450. Calculation of the substrate oxidation and binding data per mole of cytochrome P-450 showed that considerable changes were observed in the case of testosterone only. A combined administration of testosterone and ethylmorphine did not prevent the decrease of the substrate oxidation. It was assumed that a prolonged administration of ethylmorphine causes a decline of the form of cytochrome P-450 involved in testosterone metabolism and that testosterone does not directly control the content and activity of microsomal hydroxylases. PMID- 7248392 TI - [Development of manipulating activity during primate ontogeny]. PMID- 7248393 TI - [Age and changes in the effect of hydrocortisone and an antioxidant on DNA methylation in mice]. PMID- 7248394 TI - [Healing of skin wounds in 16-day-old chick embryos normally and as affected by the immunodepressant cyclophosphane]. PMID- 7248395 TI - [Role of heparin compounds combined with proteins and amines in the early periods after an artificial heart implant in calves]. PMID- 7248396 TI - [Determination of genetically polymorphic Pa, Pr and Db protein systems in human saliva]. PMID- 7248397 TI - Habituation of electrodermal and respiratory responses to visual stimuli as a function of personality differences in affect level. AB - The relationship between personality level of affect and habituation of electrodermal and respiratory measures was examined in two groups of normal subjects designated Low P (LP) and High P (HP) according to the P scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Experiment 1 examined changes as a function of repeated presentation of simple visual stimuli. Group HP displayed reduced habituation rates for both respiratory pause and skin resistance response (SSR), although initial reactivity levels were similar for both groups. This effect was confirmed more strongly in Experiment 2, which utilized a simple counting task and groups separated more widely on P. The implications of these group differences were discussed in relation to the psychophysiological functioning of autistic children. PMID- 7248398 TI - Sensory processing, cardiovascular reactivity, and the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern. AB - This study investigated the hypothesis that two modes of sensory processing known to elicit integrated patterns of cardiovascular reactivity will arouse exaggerated responses in Type A coronary-prone individuals. 15 Type A and 10 Type B male college students performed on two tasks calling for sensory intake and sensory rejection, respectively, while being monitored for heart rate, blood pressure, and vasomotor response. Contrary to prediction, the tasks failed to differentiate the groups, although each task appeared to elicit the expected pattern of cardiovascular response across groups. It is suggested that sensory processing tasks per se may be insufficiently challenging to elicit the characteristic hyperresponsivity of the Type A. PMID- 7248399 TI - Cognitive factors and CS-UCS interval effects in the differential conditioning and extinction of skin conductance responses. AB - Mandel and Bridger (1967) found resistance to extinction of differentially conditioned skin conductance responses by subjects, who, according to a post conditioning questionnaire, believed pre-extinction instructions that the shock UCS would no longer be administered. The present study was intended to: (1) determine whether or not an extraordinarily noxious shock-UCS is required to produce such results; (2) eliminate possible retrospective falsification effects associated with the use of a post-conditioning questionnaire by monitoring subjects' UCS expectancies continuously throughout extinction as well as acquisition trials; (3) attempt to confirm that resistance to extinction is stronger with a 0.5 sec CS-UCS interval than with an 8 sec interval; and (4) test several predictions regarding UCS expectancies during the intertrial intervals of acquisition. After receiving 16 instructed acquisition trials, two groups (N = 20 in each) exposed to either a 0.5 sec or 8 sec CS-UCS interval were fully instructed regarding discontinuation of the UCS during the pending 20 extinction trials. Reliable differential conditioning was obtained during the first extinction trial block for subjects who, according to the expectancy monitoring measure as well as a post-conditioning questionnaire, did not expect UCS administration. The extent of resistance to extinction did not differ between the two groups. Consistent with predictions from a cognitive viewpoint, the expectancy monitoring data of the two groups differed significantly during the intertrial intervals of acquisition. PMID- 7248400 TI - Distribution of 'criterion' alpha in the resting EEG: further argument against the use of an amplitude threshold in alpha biofeedback training. AB - The object of this study was to explore the relevance of an amplitude threshold for defining alpha in biofeedback studies. One of the lowest thresholds used in earlier studies (1.5 microV) was selected and the EEG base level of 94 subjects measured. Due to the importance of reinforcement rate in biofeedback, results were divided into three categories: under 25%, between 26-74%, and over 75% alpha. The results showed a positively skewed distribution with 68% of the subjects displaying under 25% alpha. The subjects' means on the control variables: anxiety, impulsivity, and monotony avoidance were within the range of normal and did not correlate with the amplitude categories. The conclusion drawn was that skewness is not the result of an abnormal sample but of an arbitrarily set amplitude criterion. On the basis of this data, an integrated alpha amplitude measure is advocated. PMID- 7248401 TI - Evoked potential correlates of recognition memory. AB - During word recognition tasks, differences in the stimulus related potentials to 'old' (previously presented) and 'new' (not previously presented) words occurred as early as 160-190 ms after stimulus onset (N1) as well as in the late component of the wave forms (P3). The N1 differences may possibly reflect underlying neural activity directly related to the recognition memory process. PMID- 7248403 TI - Relationships between facial electromyography and subjective experience during affective imagery. AB - Sixty subjects were exposed for 40 s each to 48 imagery situations designed to reflect happy, sad, angry and fearful conditions. Facial electromyographic (EMG) activity from zygomatic, corrugator, masseter and lateral frontalis muscle regions was recorded, and experienced emotion was measured on a scale tapping these four emotions. Results showed that: (1) zygomatic activity reliably differentiated happy imagery, corrugator activity reliably differentiated sad imagery, but masseter activity did not differentiate angry imagery and lateral frontalis activity did not differentiate fearful imagery; (2) different intensities of specific emotional imagery situations evoked the expected differential patterns of self-report and EMG; (3) higher correlations between self-report and EMG for 'present', rather than 'future' ratings of experienced emotion emerged for positive affect only; and (4) the use of a standardized imagery scale, rather than the self-generated, personally-relevant affective situations used in previous studies, allowed for more sensitive measurement of the relationship between facial muscle activity and subjective experience of emotion during affective imagery. PMID- 7248402 TI - The termination of extended sleep. PMID- 7248404 TI - A review of the Laceys' physiological hypothesis of heart rate change. AB - The Laceys have devised a physiological hypothesis to explain the observation that sometimes the response of an organism to a task is a cardiac deceleration. They have suggested that a fall in heart rate and blood pressure may serve to reduce the tonic inhibitory influence of the baroreceptors on CNS activity. This serves to make the organism better prepared to intake sensory stimuli and respond to them. The hypothesis suggests that small increases in blood pressure should cause cortical inhibition. A review of the literature suggests that small changes in blood pressure within the normal range may have little influence on CNS activity in the alert animal. Furthermore available evidence suggests that small increases in blood pressure may exert an excitatory influence on CNS functioning in common with other sensory stimuli, where any effect can be discerned. It is concluded that the literature in general does not support the Laceys' physiological hypothesis. PMID- 7248405 TI - Brain slow potential changes elicited by missing stimuli and by externally paced voluntary responses. AB - Brain evoked potential changes were recorded from the scalp of 22 normal subjects and from the cortex of two patients in conditions where expected auditory stimuli were missing. It was found that such stimulus omissions could be used to initiate slow potential shifts (CNVs) in a warned foreperiod response task. Further slow potential shifts with durations of over 3 sec were recorded preceding self initiated, but externally paced, responses made to one of a train of clicks. The experiments confirmed the cortical origins of the missing stimulus potentials, and illustrated the dependence of the CNV on endogenous factors rather than the physical properties of external stimuli. Contrary to most previous reports the negative component of the missing stimulus potential was in this study virtually identical in latency and amplitude to the N1 component of the click evoked potential. The slow potential shifts observed in the self-initiated condition contained elements of both the CNV and Bereitschaftspotential and appeared to reflect the steadily increasing cortical involvement during preparatory foreperiods. PMID- 7248407 TI - Reproduction in a population of chimeric mice: relationship of chromosomal sex to functional germ cells and proportions of chimeric components in several tissues. PMID- 7248408 TI - Intraluminal pressure changes in the oviduct, uterus, and cervix of the mated rabbit. PMID- 7248406 TI - Society for the Study of Reproduction. Fourteenth annual meeting, August 10-13, 1981. Corvallis, Oregon [abstracts]. PMID- 7248409 TI - Impact of different dietary protein contents on fecundity and fertility in the female guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Peters). PMID- 7248410 TI - Ovum transport in pregnant, pseudopregnant, and cyclic rats and its relationship to estradiol and progesterone blood levels. PMID- 7248411 TI - Influence of the extrahypothalamic brain on luteinizing hormone release in the ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rat. PMID- 7248412 TI - Neuroendocrine regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion in beef calves. PMID- 7248414 TI - Male genotype influences sperm transport in female mice. PMID- 7248413 TI - Progesterone levels in the circulating blood of the ovarian and uterine veins during gestation in the mouse. PMID- 7248416 TI - Properties of a membrane-associated L-leucine beta-naphthylamidase (leucine aminopeptidase) from the porcine uterus. PMID- 7248415 TI - Role of histamine in implantation: inhibition of histidine decarboxylase induces delayed implantation in the rabbit. PMID- 7248417 TI - Regulation of ciliogenesis and proliferation of uterine epithelium by 20 alpha hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one administration and withdrawal in ovariectomized rabbits. PMID- 7248419 TI - Specific radioimmunoassay for the detection of a purified porcine zona pellucida antigen (PPZA). PMID- 7248420 TI - Estrogen-sensitive morphological plasticity inthe third ventricle of seasonally anovulatory mares. PMID- 7248421 TI - A physico-chemical study of crystal growth of hydroxyapatite bioceramic. AB - Synthetic hydroxyapatite powders were pressed and fired at different temperatures for varying time intervals. Fired samples were fractured and the surface produced was examined by SEM. Four kinds of crystal growth has been seen, grains (principally) lamellae, dendritic interlacings and efflorescences and large hexagonal crystals. Evaluation of trends in activation energy permitted a determination of the temperatures at which phase transformation occurred and discussion of the competing processes involved. The studies confirmed that the optimum firing temperature is between 1100 degrees and 1150 degrees C. PMID- 7248418 TI - Acute gonadotropin deprivation. I. A model for the study of follicular atresia. PMID- 7248422 TI - The physico-mechanical consequences of exposing glass ionomer cements to water during setting. AB - The effect of exposing glass ionomer cement to water during the first 48 hours after mixing was studied. The strength of the set cement was only reduced if exposure to water occurred within the first hour after mixing. The gel matrix formed during the setting reaction was shown to be the source of fluoride ions released when glass ionomer cement is placed in water. The degree of hydration, rate of fluoride release, and degree of cross-linking of the gel matrix were all shown to be affected by the water ingress during the setting reaction. Finally the fluoride release from the cements was found to cease within six months of exposure to water indicating that only fluoride ions released into the gel matrix during the setting reaction are available to protect surrounding tooth structure. PMID- 7248423 TI - A new stainless steel alloy for surgical implants compared to 316 S12. AB - The physical, mechanical and corrosion resistant properties of cold worked Ortron 90(TM) have been determined. In comparison with an annealed austenitic 316 S12 stainless steel the results indicate that Ortron 90 is superior in yield stress, UTS, torsion, fatigue, corrosion fatigue, pitting and crevice corrosion. Comparison is made with published results for fully worked 316L stainless steel. Ortron 90 is a significant advance on 316 S12 as a material for load bearing implants. PMID- 7248424 TI - Formation of bone electrets and their charge decay characteristics. AB - Thermo electret, electro electret and magneto electret phenomena have been examined for bone, collagen and apatite. It is found that they acquired a saturation charge of about 10(-6) C/cm2--10(-8) C/cm2 when subjected to moderate temperature, electric and high magnetic field treatments. A significant fraction of charge developed is found to be retained in these materials for a period of several months. A possible explantation for the mechanism at work is suggested. A relationship between energy storage and development of bone is perceived. PMID- 7248425 TI - Cautionary note on the strength of materials for internal fixation devices. PMID- 7248426 TI - Evaluation of plasma polymerized hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane biomaterials towards adhesion of canine platelets and leucocytes. AB - Silicone coated Celgard-2400 and Silastic membranes were prepared by plasma polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane. The adhesion of canine platelets and leucocytes was tested by passing whole blood from the anaesthetized mongrel dog in an ex-vivo shunt system. The silicone control Celgard and silicone coated Silastic membranes had fewer platelets and fewer leucocytes compared to those on the control Silastic membranes. Furthermore, these blood cells underwent fewer morphological changes on the silicone coated Celgard and Silastic compared to those on the control Silastic. From these observations the silicone coated biomaterials were judged to be better than the Silastic as far as the adhesion of platelets and leucocytes are concerned. PMID- 7248427 TI - The osmotic pump: novel research tool for optimizing drug regimens. AB - Evaluation and selection of drugs, and determination of the optimal regimen, for controlled-release pharmaceutical products necessitate the reassessment of the pharmacology of drugs delivered at controlled rates. We have developed osmotic pumps for this purpose. These pumps, 1- and 2-week duration implants for animal studies, and 12- and 24-hour forms for oral and rectal administration in clinical studies, provide precise, accurate control over rate and duration of systemic or local drug delivery. PMID- 7248428 TI - Experience with bioceramic implants in orthopaedic surgery. AB - In the period from 1974 to March 1980 bioceramic endoprostheses were implanted in 155 patients. 94 patients were suffering from degenerative hip diseases and 61 had been operated for malignant bone tumours. The majority of the total endoprostheses consisted of a ceramic socket and a metal shaft prosthesis with ceramic head attached to it. Bioceramic double-cup prostheses were implanted in 19 patients without using bone cement. Following resection of malignant bone tumours, the proximal humerus and the proximal femur were replaced by special bioceramic endoprostheses. The post-operation period after implantation has reached 70 months in the case of tumour endoprostheses (average 22 months) and up to 49 months in the case of hip joint endoprostheses (average 24 months). The analysis deals exclusively with complications specific to the ceramic material. These complications are: breakage of the ceramic head (8 X), loosening of the ceramic cup (13 X) and pseudarthrosis of the cone connection in tumour endoprostheses (9 X). Abrasion particles were found in all cases which we were able to follow up histologically. PMID- 7248429 TI - [BTPS-compensation under different climatic conditions in bodyplethysmography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248430 TI - [Effects of temperature on semiconductor photoelectric transducer and their elimination: reflection-photoplethysmograph as an example (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248431 TI - [Influence of contrast medium injection in computer-angiographic blood flow measurements (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248432 TI - [Influence of the hemodynamic effect on vessel alterations (influence of blood flow in arteries on the formation of thromboses and stenoses) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248433 TI - The probability of losing an allele when diploid genotypes are sampled. AB - Given the genotypic frequencies for a single gene locus with an arbitrary number of alleles in a hypothetically infinite population, the probability of losing at least one of the alleles in a sample of genotypes from this population is derived. The sensitivity of this probability to changes in the population frequencies of heterozygotes and of alleles has been investigated and has proved to be in accord with intuitive expectations. Least upper bounds for this probability, in cases where only the allelic frequencies or the minimum allelic frequency of alpha is known, have been found and the correspondence of these bounds to the situation of sampling of gametes rather than genotypes has been pointed out. It has been proved that the latter bound is also the least upper bound of the probability of losing at least one of the alleles with frequencies greater than or equal to alpha in a sample of genotypes or gametes if neither the number of alleles in the population nor the genotypic frequencies are known. This result has been used for the compilation of a table of the minimum sample sizes required to assure that all alleles with frequencies greater than or equal to alpha are detected with probability 1-sigma for the different values of alpha or sigma. PMID- 7248434 TI - Bootstrapping a basic inequality in the analysis of joint action of two drugs. AB - This communication discusses the relevance of a basic inequality for bivariate probability distributions for general nonparametric modelling of independent action of two drugs. A bootstrap method is used to estimate a measure of agreement between observed data and this model. PMID- 7248435 TI - Training of statisticians for clinical trials. PMID- 7248436 TI - The training of clinical trails statisticians: a clinician's view. AB - Clinical investigations today involves not only multidisciplinary teamwork but also investigators at multiple institutions observing the same criteria and standards in order to make possible the valid pooling of data in collaborative studies. As a result, there has been increasing awareness of the biostatistician's role, not simply in interpreting the data at the end of the study, but in every step of clinical investigation. This involvement ranges from study design and feasibility testing to data analysis and reporting. The problem is now a shortage of biostatisticians appropriately trained for clinical trials statistical methodology. As the statistician's role is of great importance, more graduate training programs in statistics should prepare statisticians for clinical trials work. This would pave the way to the many exciting and rewarding career opportunities which are available for statisticians in the area of clinical trails. PMID- 7248438 TI - The training of statisticians for cooperative clinical trials: a working statistician's viewpoint. AB - The methods of training statisticians for clinical trials can take diverse forms: attendance at courses and lectures, personal study, observing and doing, or working as an apprentice. Desirable qualifications for an effective working statistician are: adequate knowledge of biostatistics and the field of application for the clinical trial, an ability to communicate statistical ideas verbally at meetings and in the writing of reports and collaborative research papers, an awareness of potential sources of bias, an understanding of ethical issues, and an ability to set priorities for projects. These issues are discussed in the context of training, and personal comments are made from the viewpoint of a statistician with substantial experience of clinical trials in cancer. PMID- 7248437 TI - Teaching the principles of clinical trials design and management. AB - This paper presents the aims, conduct and references that we feel would be appropriate for a formal interdisciplinary graduate course in the design and management of clinical trails. Recent papers in the medical and statistical literature, accompanied by in-class discussion, constitute a good "text". Opportunity to gain "experience" can be provided by assignments to review and critique clinical trials reported in the literature, and especially by an assignment to design "from scratch" a clinical trial. Practice in interdisciplinary discussions and decision-making is afforded when biostatistics students and other research-oriented students take the course together. PMID- 7248439 TI - A new approach to the analysis of clinical drug trials with withdrawals. AB - In clinical drug trials which require observation of patients for more than a few days or weeks, some patients may withdraw before completing the planned course of the trial for reasons that are related to the therapy, for example adverse experiences or lack of therapeutic effect. If the number of such withdrawals is material, then analysis of the data from these trials should account for these withdrawals. Ignoring them in the analyses or using the last recorded value before withdrawl can lead to misleading conclusions. If the response outcomes can be ordered so that, for instance, adverse withdrawals can be regarded as "bad" outcomes, then the withdrawals can be incorporated into the analyses straightforwardly. The method is described and illustrated, and several issues arising in its application are discussed. PMID- 7248441 TI - The height and weight of Nigerian children: the fit of Ehrenberg's equation. AB - Ehrenberg's lawlike equation has been fitted to data from many countries. Here, results for Nigerian children are discussed. They fall within the range observed for other countries. PMID- 7248442 TI - Monotonic dichotomous regression estimates: a burn care example. AB - Methods for estimating a dichotomous response regression function are discussed. A smoothed nonparametric monotonic estimator is developed and a procedure for estimating its variance is given. In an institutional differences study, the probability of death from a burn injury is related to the severity of the burn injury for patients treated at several specialized burn care units. PMID- 7248440 TI - On the Colton model for clinical trials with delayed observations -- normally distributed responses. AB - The Colton model for the choice between two medical treatments is studied, with the additional assumption that there is a time lag between the administration of the treatments and the availability of the responses. Two simple procedures are suggested for dealing with patients who arrive during the waiting period, caused by the lag, between the trial and treatment stages of the model. The relative performance of the procedures in the Bayesian framework is discussed when the responses to the treatments are normally distributed with unknown means and a common known variance. PMID- 7248443 TI - Optimal designs for the analysis of interactive effects of two carcinogens or other toxicants. AB - In this paper we consider the design of animal experiments conducted to test for interaction between two carcinogens or other toxicants. We examine 2 x 2 designs which contain an untreated control group, two groups treated with a single dose of each toxic agent alone, and one group treated with both agents together. Optimal rules for allocating animals to the experimental groups are derived on the basis of expected response rates for acute toxicity studies and these rules are then extended to long-term carcinogenesis studies by considering times-to tumor under an assumption of proportional hazards. Unbalanced designs with more animals in the combination group than in the control group are shown to provide a gain in efficacy of about 20% over balanced designs. PMID- 7248444 TI - Evaluating serial cancer marker studies in patients at risk of recurrent disease. AB - The proportional hazards model of Cox (1972, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 34, 187--220), with a time-dependent covariate, is used to analyze serial cancer marker data. A particular advantage of this method is the case with which missing marker data are handled. Analysis of a real data set shows that high levels of the cancer marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are associated with increased risk of death in patients with resected colorectal cancer. Several aspects of CEA marker history are analyzed, including CEA level at death time t, CEA level 200 days prior to time t, and whether or not CEA exceeded 5 ng/ml prior to t. Methods to test the hypothesis of no marker effect and to give estimates and confidence intervals for model parameters are outlined both for continuous and for grouped time-to-response data. For grouped data a likelihood ratio test of the proportional hazards assumption is suggested. PMID- 7248445 TI - Sequential clinical trials for normal variates using interval composite hypotheses. AB - Sequential methods have become increasingly important for the monitoring of patient safety during clinical trials. However, the typical Wald sequential probability ratio test (SPRT), which compares two simple hypotheses, often presents anomalies which can be attributed to an inadequate representation of the parameter space. The use of composite null and alternative hypothesis in sequential clinical trials is explored and the resulting sequential rules are examined. It is shown that the SPRT and the Bayes formulations using Bayes odds ratios are equivalent in terms of the weighted likelihood ratio (WLR). The WLR is obtained for normal variates when the null hypothesis restricts the mean to (i) an interval and (ii) a point, in each case with complementary alternatives, as well as the one-sided formulation with a half-open interval. Applications to clinical trials include large-samples procedures, the comparative binomial trial and the comparison of survival distributions. Illustrative sequential boundaries are presented and the features of these different formulations are compared and discussed. Mixed sequential rules are considered within the framework for ethical stopping rules proposed by Meier (1979, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 25, 633--640). PMID- 7248446 TI - Protein interfaces and intersubunit bonding. The case of tomato bushy stunt virus. AB - An atomic model of the subunit of tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) has been constructed to fit an electron density map at 2.9 A resolution. Subunit interfaces show networks of polar residues forming H-bonds and salt bridges. The way in which alternative specific bonding geometries are built into a contact are described. PMID- 7248447 TI - Solvent effects and polar interactions in the structural stability and dynamics of globular proteins. AB - Using detailed hydrogen bonding, surface exposure, internal environment, and solvent interaction calculations on several proteins, in conjunction wit data from quantum mechanical hydrogen-bonding studies, various contributions to the free energy of globular estimated and their likely relative significance discussed. A picture emerges of globular proteins as extremely well-fitting jigsaw-puzzles, in which no single driving force dominates the marginal stability of the native conformation. Rather, the folded structure is seen as the result of a complex global maximization of several strongly-interacting driving forces. In particular, the necessity to maintain very efficient internal hydrogen-bonding, and the role of the solvent as a hydrogen-bond sink, are stressed as strong constraints on the (incomplete) maximization of hydrophobic effects. The possible significance of internal dipole-induced dipole interactions is discussed tentatively. Although quantitative estimates of the various contributions remain uncertain, consideration of effective force constants suggests that polar, including solvent, interactions may largely determine the overall curvatures of the native conformation's potential well, and be important in controlling the flexibility of local regions which are important for the exact positioning of groups during enzyme catalysis, as well as the molecule's overall dynamics. In contrast, hydrophobic interactions change less for small geometrical perturbations, and seem more relevant to directing the folding protein. along a path to a region in configurational space where the polar interactions can switch on for the final "docking". PMID- 7248449 TI - RNA-protein interactions in the assembly of tobacco mosaic virus. AB - Assembly of tobacco mosaic virus is initiated by the binding of a specific loop of the RNA into the central hole of the disk aggregate of protein subunits. Since the nucleation loop is located about five-sixths along the RNA molecule, subsequent elongation must be bidirectional. We have now measured the rates of elongation in the two directions by determining the lengths of RNA protected from nuclease digestion at different times and using either intact TMV rNA, or RNA with most of the longer tail removed. Comparison of the rates with the protein supplied as either a mixture of disks with A-protein (a mixture of less aggregated states) or just A-protein, shows that different mechanisms and protein aggregates are used for the most rapid growth. When disks are present, they add more rapidly along the longer RNA tail but do not appear to add directly on the shorter tail. In contrast, smaller aggregates (A-protein) can add at both ends of the rod, but do so more slowly. Mechanisms for these processes are discussed. Preliminary results on the binding of the specific hexanucleotide AAGAAG to the disk are given and compared with the known changes on binding nonspecific hexanucleotides or the trinucleotide AAG. PMID- 7248448 TI - Strategies for the uses of lanthanide NMR shift probes in the determination of protein structure in solutio. Application to the EF calcium binding site of carp parvalbumin. AB - The homologous sequences observed for many calcium binding proteins such as parvalbumin, troponin C, the myosin light chains, and calmodulin has lead to the hypothesis that these proteins have homologous structures at the level of their calcium binding sites. This paper discusses the development of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique which will enable us to test this structural hypothesis in solution. The technique involves the substitution of a paramagnetic lanthanide ion for the calcium ion which results in lanthanide induced shifts and broadening in the 1H NMR spectrum of the protein. These shifts are sensitive monitors of the precise geometrical orientation of each proton nucleus relative to the metal. The values of several parameters in the equation relating the NMR shifts to the structure are however known as priori. We have attempted to determine these parameters, the orientation and principal elements of the magnetic susceptibility tensor of the protein bound metal, by studying the lanthanide induced shifts for the protein parvalbumin whose structure has been determined by x-ray crystallographic techniques. The interaction of the lanthanide ytterbium with parvalbumin results in high resolution NMR spectra exhibiting a series of resonances with shifts spread over the range 32 to -19 ppm. The orientation and principal elements of the ytterbium magnetic susceptibility tensor have been determined using three assigned NMR resonances, the His-26 C2 and C4 protons and the amino terminal acetyl protons, and seven methyl groups; all with known geometry relative to the EF calcium binding site. The elucidation of these parameters has allowed us to compare the observed spectrum of the nuclei surrounding the EF calcium binding site of parvalbumin with that calculated from the x-ray structure. A significant number of the calculated shifts are larger than any of the observed shifts. We feel that a refinement of the x-ray based proton coordinates will be possible utilizing the geometric information contained in the lanthanide shifted NMR spectrum. PMID- 7248450 TI - Dynamical deductions from nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation measurements at the water-protein interface. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements provide both structural and dynamical information about the molecules in which nuclear resonances are observed. This manuscript addresses NMR relaxation of water protons in protein powder systems. Inclusion of magnetic communication between the water proton spins and protein proton spins leads to a clearer view of water molecule dynamics at the protein surface than has been previously available. We conclude that water molecule motion at the protein surface is somewhat slower than in the solute free solvent, but it is orders of magnitude faster than motions in a rigid ice lattice even in samples hydrated to levels well below what is generally thought to be the full hydration complement of the protein. The NMR relaxation data on lysozyme powders support a model that leaves adsorbed water very fluid at the protein surface with reorientational correlation times for the water shorter than nanoseconds. PMID- 7248451 TI - Studies on the mechanism of assembly of tobacco mosaic virus. AB - Sedimentation and proton binding studies on the endothermic self-association of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) protein indicate that the so-called "20S" sedimenting protein is an interaction system involving at least the 34-subunit two-turn yield cylindrical disk aggregate and the 49-subunit three-turn helical rod. The pH dependence of this overall equilibrium suggests that disk formation is proton linked through the binding of protons to the two-turn helix which is not present as significant concentrations near pH 7. There is a temperature-induced intramolecular conformation change in the protein leading to a difference spectrum which is complete in 5 x 10(-6) s at pH 7 and 20 degrees C and is dominated at 300 nm by tryptophan residues. Kinetics measurements of protein polymerization, from 10(-6) to 10(3) s, reveal three relaxation processes at pH 7.0, 20 degrees C, 0.10 M ionic strength K (H) PO4. The fastest relaxation time is a few milliseconds and represents reactions within the 4S protein distribution. The second fastest relaxation is 50-100 x 10(-3) s and represents elementary polymerization steps involved in the formation of the approximately 20 S protein. Analysis of the slowest relaxation, approximately 5 x 10(4) s, suggests that this very slow formation of approximately 20 S protein may be dominated by some first order process in the overall dissociation of approximately 20S protein. Sedimentation measurements of the rate of TMV reconstitution, under the same conditions, show by direct measurements of 4S and approximately 20S incorporation at various 4S to approximately 20S weight ratios that the relative rate of approximately 20S incorporation decreases almost linearly, from 0 to 50% 4S. There appears to be one or more regions of TMV-RNA, approximately 1-1.5 kilobases long, which incorporates approximately 20S protein exclusively. Solutions of approximately 95-100% approximately 20S protein have been prepared for the first time and used for reconstitution with RNA. Such protein solutions yield full size TMV, but at a slower rate than if 4S protein is added. Thus the elongation reaction in TMV assembly, following nucleation with approximately 20S protein, is not exclusively dependent upon the presence of either 4S or approximately 20S protein aggregates. The initial, maximum, rate of reconstitution increases about threefold when the protein composition is changed from 5% to 30% 4S protein, at constant total protein concentration at pH 7.0, 20 degrees C in 0.10 M ionic strength K (H)PO4. The probable binding frame at the internal assembly nucleation site of TMV-RNA has been determined by measuring the association constants for the binding of various trinucleoside diphosphates to helical TMV protein rods. The -CAG-AAG-AAG-sequence at the nucleation site is capable of providing at least 10-14 kcal/mol of sites of binding free energy for the nucleation event in TMV self-assembly. PMID- 7248452 TI - Energetics of subunit assembly and ligand binding in human hemoglobin. AB - An extensive and self-consistent set of thermodynamic properties has recently been established for the coupled processes of subunit assembly and ligand binding (oxygen and protons) in human hemoglobin. The resulting thermodynamic values permit a consideration of the possible sources of energetic terms accounting for stability of the tetrameric quaternary structures at different stages of ligation, and of the possible sources of cooperative energy. The analysis indicates that: (a) The change in buried surface ara upon oxygenation (i.e., hydrophobic stabilization) does not play a dominant role in stabilizing the unliganded tetramer relative to the liganded tetramer. (b) The pattern of enthalpic and entropic contributions to the free energies of dimer-tetramer. (c) The thermodynamic results are consistent with a dominant role of increased hydrogen bond formation in the deoxy quaternary structure. (d) Within tetramers the variation in free energy for successive oxygenation steps arises from both enthalpic and entropic contributions and the enthalpic contributions are almost entirely attributable to the heats of Bohr proton release. At pH 7.4 the pattern of thermodynamic values suggests that a large contribution to the free energy of cooperativity may arise from the energetics of Bohr proton release. It is suggested that a combination of proton ionization and hydrogen bonding may account for the main energetic features of cooperativity. Possible contributions from fluctuation behavior cannot presently be evaluated. PMID- 7248453 TI - Patterns in the quinary structures of proteins. Plasticity and inequivalence of individual molecules in helical arrays of sickle cell hemoglobin and tubulin. AB - The four recognized levels of organization of protein structure (primary through quaternary) are extended to add the designation quinary structure for the interactions within helical arrays, such as found for sickle cell hemoglobin fibers or tubulin units in microtubules. For sickle cell hemoglobin the main quinary structure is a 14-filament fiber, with a number of other minor forms also encountered. Degenerate forms of the 14-filament fibers can be characterized that lack specific pairs of filaments; evidence is presented which suggests an overall organization of the 14 filaments in pairs, with particular pairs aligned in an antiparallel orientation. For tubulin, a range of quinary structures can be detected depending on the number of protofilaments and whether adjacent protofilaments composed of alternating alpha- and beta-subunits are aligned with contacts between like or unlike subunits and with parallel or antiparallel polarity. Thus, in contrast to quarternary structure, which generally involves a fixed number of subunits, the quinary structures of proteins can exhibit marked plasticity and inequivalence in the juxtaposition of constituent molecules. PMID- 7248454 TI - Solvent accessibility, protein surfaces, and protein folding. AB - Studies of the native structures of proteins, together with measurements of the thermodynamic properties of the transition between unfolded and native states, have defined the major components of the forces that stabilize native protein structures. However, the nature of the intermediates in the folding process remains largely hypothetical. It is a fairly widespread and not implausible assumption that the intermediates in the folding of a monomeric protein contain the same kinds of secondary and tertiary structures that appear in the native conformation, and that, although unstable, their lifetimes are prolonged by forces similar to those that stabilize the native structure. We wished to examine what happens if, during the folding of a monomeric protein, regions of secondary structure come together to form an intermediate of reduced instability. We applied calculations of accessible surface area (a measure of hydrophobic stabilization) and parameterized nonbonded energy calculations (measuring the strengths of van der Waals forces) to identify the kinds of stabilizing interactions that might be available to such an intermediate. First, we analyzed the total buried surface area of two types of proteins into contributions from formation of secondary structure alone, interaction of pairs of secondary structural elements, the formation of the structure alone, interaction of pairs of secondary-structural elements, the formation of the complete secondary structure without the turns, and the complete native structure. The formation of secondary structure alone, without tertiary-structural interactions, buries roughly half the surface that the complete structure does. We then analyzed in more detail the approach of two alpha-helices to form a complex, as an illustrative example of the nature of the interaction between compact structural units which remain fairly rigid during their interaction. Many features of the results are not limited to the interaction of alpha-helices. (The results therefore neither confirm nor refute the hypothesis that alpha-helices are intermediates in the folding proteins). We find that the first forces to be felt upon approach arise from solvent conditions on the relative position and orientation of the two helices as does the close packing which optimizes the van der Waals interactions at shorter distances apart. Therefore there appears to be a range of distances in which hydrophobic interactions could create a nonspecific complex between two helices in which the side chains might have sufficient time to seek the proper interdigitation observed in the native structure, where the two helices are in intimate contact. Indeed, we find that only in the final stages of approach is the native geometry the most stable; in the region in which solvent-exclusion forces predominate, the conformation with helix axes parallel is more stable than the native conformation, in the cases we examined... PMID- 7248455 TI - Kinetic studies on photolysis-induced gelation of sickle cell hemoglobin suggest a new mechanism. AB - The kinetics of deoxyhemoglobin S gelation have been investigated using photolytic dissociation of the carbon monoxide complex to initiate the process. Measurements over a wide range of times, 10(-3)-10(4) show that both the concentration dependence of the tenth-time (i.e., the time required to complete one-tenth the reaction) and the time dependence of the process decrease as gelation speeds up. In slowly gelling samples, where single domains of polymers are formed in the small sample volumes employed with this technique (1-2 x 10(-9) cm3), there is a marked increase in the variability of the tenth-times. These results are explained by a mechanism in which gelation is initiated by homogeneous nucleation of polymers in the bulk solution phase, followed by heterogeneous nucleation on the surface of existing polymers. At the lowest concentrations, homogeneous nucleation is so improbable that stochastic behavior is observed in the small sample volumes, and heterogeneous nucleation is the dominant pathway for polymer formation, thereby accounting for the high time dependence. At the highest concentrations homogeneous nucleation becomes much more probable, and the time dependence decreases. The decrease in concentration dependence of the tenth-time with increasing concentration results from a decrease in size of both the homogeneous and heterogeneous critical nuclei. The model rationalizes the major observations on the kinetics of gelation of deoxyhemoglobin S, and is readily testable by further experiments. PMID- 7248457 TI - Motions of tropomyosin. Crystal as metaphor. AB - Movements of tropomyosin play an essential role in muscle regulation. This fibrous protein is a two-chain alpha-helical coiled coil that bonds head to tail to form cables wound in the two long grooves of the actin helix. The regulatory switch consists of tropomyosin and a "globular" Ca2+-sensitive protein complex called troponin. The structure of the tropomyosin filaments has now been determined by x-ray crystallography to approximately 15 A resolution. The complete sequence of alpha-tropomyosin is known; by using mercury markers on the cysteine residues the ends of the molecules in the filaments have been identified. Details of the coiled-coil structure have also been visualized by refinement of models against the diffraction data. The average pitch of the coiled coil is approximately 137 A, so that each tropomyosin molecule can make similar contacts with seven actin monomers. The electron density map also indicates that departures from the alpha-helical coiled coil occur in a few localized regions of the molecule, especially at the overlapping ends. Motions of tropomyosin in the crystal lattice are displaced by the character of the Bragg reflections and the strong diffuse scatter. These effects depend markedly on temperature. It appears that the molecular filaments fluctuate freely in a direction perpendicular to their axes. Moreover, the C-terminal half of the molecule "unfolds" to some degree at less than physiological temperatures. Crystallographic results on co-crystals of tropomyosin and a component of troponin (TnT) suggest that this subunit consists of structurally distinct domains, so that the troponin complex is not in fact simply "globular". The interactions of the extended alpha-helical region of TnT may "stiffen" tropomyosin and influence its motions. We picture the tropomyosin/troponin switch in muscle as a restless cable, perpetually making and breaking bonds as it vibrates on the thin filament. These movements of tropomyosin probably depend on two aspects of its design: the regular pattern of coiled-coil linkages with actin; and the aperiodic features that allow flexibility and motion. PMID- 7248458 TI - Electrostatic forces in muscle and cylindrical gel systems. AB - Repulsive pressure has been measured as a function of lattice spacing in gels of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and in the filament lattice of vertebrate striated muscle. External pressures up to ten atm have been applied to these lattices by an osmotic stress method. Numerical solutions to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation in hexagonal lattices have been obtained and compared to the TMV and muscle data. The theoretical curves using values for k calculated from the ionic strength give a good fit to experimental data from TMV gels, and an approximate fit to that from the muscle lattice, provided that a charge radius for the muscle thick filaments of approximately 16 nm is assumed. Variations in ionic strength, sarcomere length and state of the muscle give results which agree qualitatively with the theory, though a good fit between experiment and theory in the muscle case will clearly require consideration of other types of forces. We conclude that Poisson-Boltzmann theory can provide a good first approximation to the long range electrostatic forces operating in such biological gel systems. PMID- 7248459 TI - Deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance of specifically labeled native collagen. Investigation of protein molecular dynamics using the quadrupolar echo technique. AB - Collagen was labeled with [3,3,3-d3]alanine and with [d10]leucine via tissue culture. 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were obtained of collagen in solution and as fibrils using the quadrupolar echo technique. The 2H NMR data for [3,3,3-d3]alanine-labeled collagen fibrils were analyzed in terms of a model for motion in which the molecule is considered to jump between two sites, separated azimuthally by an angle 2 delta, in a time which is rapid compared with the residence time in both sites. The data suggest that the molecule undergoes reorientation over an angle, 2 delta, of approximately 30 degrees in the fibrils, and that the average angle between the alanine C alpha--C beta bond axis and the long axis of the helix is approximately 75 degrees. Reorientation is possibly segmental. The T2 for [3,3,3-d3]alanine-labeled collagen fibrils was estimated to be 105 mus. The 2H NMR data for the methyl groups of [d10]leucine-labeled collagen were analyzed qualitatively. These data established that for collagen in solution and as fibrils, rotation occurs about the leucine side-chain bonds, in addition to threefold methyl rotation and reorientation of the peptide backbone. The T2 for the methyl groups of leucine-labeled collagen is estimated to be approximately 130 mus. Taken together, these data provide strong evidence that both polypeptide backbone reorientation and amino acid side-chain motion occur in collagen molecules in the fibrils. Stabilizing interactions that determine fibril structure must therefore depend upon at least two sets of contacts in any given local region. PMID- 7248456 TI - Structural dynamics of liganded myoglobin. AB - X-ray crystallography can reveal the magnitudes and principal directions of the mean-square displacements of every atom in a protein. This structural information is complementary to the temporal information obtainable by spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance. Determination of the temperature dependence of the mean-square displacements makes it possible to separate large conformational motions from simple thermal vibrations. The contribution of crystal lattice disorder to the overall apparent displacement can be estimated by Mossbauer spectroscopy. This technique has been applied to high resolution x-ray diffraction data from sperm whale myoglobin in its Met iron and oxy cobalt forms. Both crystal structures display regions of large conformational motions, particularly at the chain termini and in the region of the proximal histidine. Overall, the mean-square displacement increases with increasing distance from the center of gravity of the molecule. Some regions of the heme pocket in oxy cobalt myoglobin are more rigid than the corresponding regions in Met myoglobin. PMID- 7248460 TI - Correlations between internal mobility and stability of globular proteins. AB - The recent work is surveyed which leads to the suggestions that the conformation of globular proteins in solution corresponds to a dynamic ensemble of rapidly interconverting spatial structures, that clusters of hydrophobic amino acid side chains have an important role in the architecture of protein molecules, and that mechanistic aspects of protein denaturation can be correlated with internal mobility seen in the native conformation. These conclusions resulted originally from high resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of aromatic ring mobility, exchange of interior amide protons and thermal denaturation of the basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and a group of related proteins. Various new approaches to further characterize proteins in solution have now been taken and preliminary data are presented. These include computer graphics to outline hydrophobic clusters in globular protein structures, high resolution 1H-NMR experiments at variable hydrostatic pressure and 13C-NMR relaxation measurements. At the present early stage of these new investigations it appears that the hydrophobic cluster model for globular proteins is compatible with the data obtained. PMID- 7248461 TI - Hydrogen isotope exchange kinetics of single protons in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. AB - The exchange kinetics of the slowest exchanging BPTI beta-sheet protons are complex compared to model peptides; the activation energy, E alpha, and the pH dependence are temperature dependent. We have measured the exchange kinetics in the range pH 1--11, 33--71 degrees C, particularly the temperature dependence. The data are fit to a model in which exchange of each proton is determined by two discrete dynamical processes, one with E alpha approximately 65 kcal/mol and less than first order dependence on catalyst ion, and one with E alpha 20--30 kcal/mol and approaching first order in catalyst ion. The low activation energy process is the mechanism of interest in the native conformation of globular proteins and involves low energy, small amplitude fluctuations; the high activation energy process involves major unfolding. The model is simple, has a precedent in the hydrogen exchange literature, and explains quantitatively the complex feature of the exchange kinetics of single protons in BPTI, including the following. For the slowest exchanging protons, in the range 36 degrees--68 degrees C, E alpha is approximately 65 kcal/mol at pH approximately 4, 20--30 kcal/mol at pH greater than 10, and rises to approximately 65 kcal/mol with increasing temperature at pH 6--10; the Arrhenius plots converge around 70 degrees C; the pH of minimum rate, pHmin, is greater than 1 pH unit higher at 68 degrees C than for model compounds; and at high pH, the pH-rate profiles shift to steeper slope; the exchange rates around pHmin are correlated to the thermal unfolding temperature in BPTI derivatives (Wagner and Wuthrich, 1979, J. Mol. Biol. 130:31). For the more rapidly exchanging protons in BPTI the model accounts for the observation of normal pHmin and E alpha of 20--30 kcal/mol at all pH's. The important results of our analysis are (a) rates for exchange from the folded state of proteins are not correlated to thermal lability, as proposed by Wuthrich et al. (1979, J. Mol. Biol. 134:75); (b) the unfolding rate for the BPTI cooperative thermal transition is equal to the observed exchange rates of the slowest exchanging protons between pH 8.4--9.6, 51 degrees C; (c) the rates for exchange of single protons from folded BPTI are consistent with our previous hydrogen-tritium exchange results and with a penetration model of the dynamic processes limiting hydrogen exchange. PMID- 7248462 TI - Individual breathing reactions measured in hemoglobin by hydrogen exchange methods. AB - Protein hydrogen exchange is generally believed to register some aspects of internal protein dynamics, but the kind of motion at work is not clear. Experiments are being done to identify the determinants of protein hydrogen exchange and to distinguish between local unfolding and accessibility-penetration mechanisms. Results with small molecules, polynucleotides, and proteins demonstrate that solvent accessibility is by no means sufficient for fast exchange. H-exchange slowing is quite generally connected with intramolecular H bonding, and the exchange process depends pivotally on transient H-bond cleavage. At least in alpha-helical structures, the cooperative aspect of H-bond cleavage must be expressed in local unfolding reactions. Results obtained by use of a difference hydrogen exchange method appear to provide a direct measurement of transient, cooperative, local unfolding reactions in hemoglobin. The reality of these supposed coherent breathing units is being tested by using the difference H exchange approach to tritium label the units one at a time and then attempting to locate the tritium by fragmenting the protein, separating the fragments, and testing them for label. Early results demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. PMID- 7248463 TI - Nanosecond segmental mobilities of tryptophan residues in proteins observed by lifetime-resolved fluorescence anisotropies. AB - Steady-state and lifetime-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements of protein fluorescence were used to investigate the depolarizing motions of tryptophan residues in proteins. Lifetime resolution was achieved by oxygen quenching. The proteins investigated were carbonic anhydrase, carboxypeptidase A, alpha-chymotrypsin, trypsin, pepsin, and bovine and human serum albumin. When corrected for overall protein rotation, the steady state anisotropies indicate that, on the average, the tryptophan residues in these proteins rotate 29 degrees +/- 6 degrees during the unquenched excited state lifetimes of these proteins, which range from 1.7 to 6.1 ns. The lifetime-resolved anisotropies reveal correlation times for these displacements ranging from 1 to 12 ns. On the average these correlation times are tenfold shorter than that expected for overall protein rotation. We conclude that the tryptophan residues in these proteins display remarkable freedom of motion within the protein matrix, which implies that these matrices are highly flexible on the nanosecond time scale. PMID- 7248464 TI - Internal dynamics of proteins. Short time and long time motions of aromatic sidechains in PTI. AB - Theoretical approaches to the internal dynamics of proteins are outlined and illustrated by application to the aromatic sidechain motions of tyrosines in the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. High frequency torsional oscillations are obtained from a molecular dynamics simulation, while the longer time ring rotations are analyzed by use of adiabatic energy minimization and special transition-state trajectory techniques. PMID- 7248465 TI - Electrostatic stabilization in sperm whale and harbor seal myoglobins. Identification of groups primarily responsible for changes in anchoring of the A helix. AB - The compact, largely helical structure of sperm whale and harbor seal myoglobins undergoes an abrupt one-step transition between pH 4.5 and 3.5 as monitored by changes in either the heme Soret band absorbance or circular dichroism probes of secondary structure, for which a modified Tanford-Kirkwood theory provides identification of certain dominant electrostatic interactions responsible for the loss of stability. A similar treatment permits identification of the electrostatic interactions primarily responsible for a process in which the anchoring of the A helix to other parts of the molecule is weakened. This process is detected with both myoglobins, in a pH range approximately 1 unit higher than the onset of the overall unfolding process, through changes in the circular dichroic spectra near 295 nm which correspond to the L1 O-O band of the only two tryptophan residues in these proteins, residues 7 and 14. In each case protonation of certain sites in neighboring parts of the molecule can be identified as producing destabilizing interactions with components of the A helix, particularly with lysine 6. PMID- 7248466 TI - Charge-shift probes of membrane potential: a probable electrochromic mechanism for p-aminostyrylpyridinium probes on a hemispherical lipid bilayer. AB - The characteristics of the spectroscopic responses to membrane potential are examined for a series of dyes based on the 4-(p-aminostyryl)-1-pyridinium chromophore. An apparatus using an oxidized cholesterol hemispherical bilayer and phase-sensitive detection provides response spectra in either transmission or fluorescence excitation modes. All the probes with good binding properties display biphasic response spectra that are similar in both shape and magnitude. Detailed analysis of the response spectra allows all the previously discovered mechanisms for extrinsic potential sensitive molecular probes, which require a change in the probe's chemical environment, to be ruled out. The data are consistent with an electrochromic mechanism. Polarized fluorescence intensities from the membrane-bound probes indicate that the chromophore is optimally oriented for an electrochromic response. PMID- 7248467 TI - Recovery after exposure to near-ultraviolet light of cells containing 5 bromodeoxyuridine. AB - The survival of synchronized V79 Chinese hamster cells irradiated with near ultraviolet light after a 1-h labeling with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) is highly dependent upon the cell's position in the cell cycle at the time of irradiation (Hagan, M., and M. M. Elkind. Biophys. J. 1979. 27:75-86). In this report, we show that cells irradiated in the same S phase after BrdUrd incorporation demonstrate an ability to repair sublethal damage, in contrast to the lack of an increase in survival with dose fractionation in template-labeled cells (Ben-Hur, E., and M. M. Elkind. Mutat. Res. 1972. 14:236-245). In addition, we show that pulse-labeled cells in S phase can repair potentially lethal damage expressed by caffeine. The kinetics of these recovery processes and the absence of a caffeine effect on the repair of sublethal damage indicate that these two processes are to a large degree unrelated. We conclude that in template-labeled cells inadequate time to effect prereplicational repair precludes effective contributions to cell survival from other kinds of DNa repair processes. PMID- 7248468 TI - Diffusion coefficient measurement by the "stop-flow" method in a 5% collagen gel. AB - We measured the translational bulk diffusion coefficient (D) of solute in a collagen gel column of 5% concentration (wt/wt) by a new, noninvasive method applicable to a wide range of solutes and gels. The system also enabled measurement of solute partition coefficients and convective flow velocity since the gel was contained within a chromatography column. The spread of diffusing solute in the gel column is measured during an interval of stopped flow in this method. Experimentally determined values of D/D degrees (free aqueous diffusion coefficient) ranged from 0.24 (3H2O) to 0.13 (ovalbumin) as anticipated by observations of other investigators from interstitium in heart and mesentery, but were significantly smaller than predicted by the widely used Ogston gel model with parameters extracted from partition coefficient data. PMID- 7248470 TI - Orientation of emitting dipoles of chlorophyll A in thylakoids: considerations on the orientation factor in vivo. AB - Orientation angles of five emitting dipoles of chlorophyll a in thylakoids were estimated from low temperature fluorescence polarization ratio spectra of magnetically oriented chloroplasts. A simple expression is given also for the evaluation of data from linear dichroism measurements. It is shown that the Qy dipoles of chlorophylls lie more in the plane of the membranes and span a larger angular interval than was previously thought. Values for the orientation factor are calculated using various models corresponding to different degrees of local order of the Qy dipoles of chlorophylls in the thylakoid. We show that the characteristic orientation pattern of the Qy dipoles of chlorophylls in the membrane, i.e., increasing dichroism toward longer wavelengths, may favour energy transfer between the antenna chlorophylls as well as funnel the excitation energy into the reaction centers. PMID- 7248469 TI - The stress-free shape of the red blood cell membrane. AB - The two main proposals found in the literature for the stress-free shape of the red cell membrane are (a) the bioconcave shape and (b) the sphere of the same surface area. These possibilities are evaluated in this paper using theoretical modeling of equilibrium membrane shapes according to Zarda et al. (1977. J. Biomech. 10:211-221) and by comparison to experiments on red cells whose membrane shear modulus has been increased by treatment with diamide. Neither proposal is found to be compatible with all the experimental behaviour of native red cells. Neither proposal is found to be compatible with all the experimental behaviour of native red cells. To account for this discrepancy we propose that either the shear modulus of the native membrane is dependent on the membrane strain or that the bending stiffness is higher than estimated by Evans (1980. Biophys. J. 30:265 286). These studies suggest that the bioconcave disk is the more likely possibility for the stress-free shape. PMID- 7248473 TI - Transport across homoporous and heteroporous membranes in nonideal, nondilute solutions. I. Inequality of reflection coefficients for volume flow and solute flow. AB - The Kirkwood formulation of the Stefan-Maxwell equations is used to develop the transport equations for a membrane bounded by nonideal, nondilute solutions. The reflection coefficients for volume flow and solute flow are not equal but are related by a simple expression that depends on the concentration of the bounding solutions. The ratio of the two coefficients is independent of heteroporous membrane structure and the thickness of adjacent boundary layers. Experimental measurements of these reflection coefficients for sucrose transport across Cuprophan verify this relationship; this indicates that the Onsager reciprocal relation, which is assumed by the theory, holds for nonideal, nondilute solutions. The two reflection coefficients may be made operationally identical by a simple redefination of the osmotic driving force. PMID- 7248472 TI - Molecular dynamics of trans-cis isomerization in bathorhodopsin. AB - Semiempirical molecular dynamics procedures are used to theoretically investigate the trajectories and quantum yields of the rhodopsin leads to bathorhodopsin and bathorhodopsin leads to rhodopsin photoisomerizations. The calculations are based on the semiclassical trajectory formalism and rhodopsin binding site model proposed by Birge and Hubbard (1980. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102: 2195-2205). The rhodopsin leads to bathorhodopsin photoisomerization is predicted to occur in approximately 2.2 ps with a quantum yield of 0.62 in reasonable agreement with experiment (less than 6 ps, phi = 0.67). The bathorhodopsin leads to rhodopsin photoisomerization is predicted to occur in approximately 1.8 ps with a quantum yield of 0.48. The latter number is in good agreement with the observed quantum yield for cattle bathorhodopsin (phi = 0.5) but in poor agreement with the observed value for squid bathorhodopsin (phi = 0.36). Our calculations suggest that the observed photochemical preference of the chromophore in cattle bathorhodopsin to isomerize to form rhodopsin (phi = 0.5), instead of isorhodopsin (phi - 0.054), is associated with a significant out-of-plane distortion (9-17 degrees) of the 11,12-trans dihedral angle in the batho chromophore. PMID- 7248471 TI - Use of fluorescent probes that form intramolecular excimers to monitor structural changes in model and biological membranes. AB - 1,3-dipyrenylpropane (PC3P) and bis(4-biphenylmethyl)ether, two molecules that form intramolecular excimers, were embedded in phospholipid vesicles and biological membranes to monitor dynamic properties of membrane lipids. Excimer formation was evaluated from determinations of excimer to monomer emission intensity ratios (ID/IM). ID/IM values of PC3P and bis(4-biphenylmethyl)ether were reduced when cholesterol was added to egg lecithin vesicles. PC3P was sensitive to the temperature-induced crystalline to liquid-crystalline phase transition in dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles. For studies of cellular membranes, membranes, PC3P was used exclusively, because of the fluorescence of tryptophan residues of membrane proteins interferes with the responses bis(4 biphenylmethyl)ether. Microviscosities of membrane interiors were calculated from standard curves of IM/ID plotted against solvent viscosity. Microviscosity values of egg lecithin vesicles and biological membranes, especially those obtained with PC3P, were more than an order of magnitude lower than values obtained by other techniques. We concluded that the intramolecular process leading to the formation of the excimer is influenced differently in isotropic solvents than in anisotropic environments, such as lipid bilayers. Although distinguishable ID/IM ratios can be obtained for different biological membranes (mitochondrial, microsomal, and plasma membranes were studied), this parameter may be phenomenological and not simply related to membrane microviscosity. As such, fluorescent probes that form intramolecular excimers are of value in making qualitative comparisons of different membranes and in studying the relative effects of physical changes and chemical agents on membrane structure. These probes may also be valuable for studying structural anisotropy of biological membranes. PMID- 7248474 TI - Transport across homoporous and heteroporous membranes in nonideal, nondilute solutions. II. Inequality of phenomenological and tracer solute permeabilities. AB - The phenomenological solute permeability (omega p) of a membrane measures the flux of solute across it when the concentrations of the solutions on the two sides of the membrane differ. The relationship between omega p and the the conventionally measured tracer permeability (omega T) is examined for homoporous and heteroporous (parallel path) membranes in nonideal, nondilute solutions and in the presence of boundary layers. In general, omega p and omega T are not equal; therefore, predictions of transmembrane solute flux based on omega T are always subject to error. For a homoporous membrane, the two permeabilities become equal as the solutions become ideal and dilute. For heteroporous membranes, omega p is always greater than omega T. An upper bound on omega p- omega T is derived to provide an estimate of the maximum error in predicted solute flux. This bound is also used to show that the difference between omega P and omega T demonstrated earlier for the sucrose-Cuprophan system can be explained if the membrane is heteroporous. The expressions for omega P developed here support the use of a modified osmotic driving force to describe membrane transport in nonideal, nondilute solutions. PMID- 7248475 TI - The pharmacokinetics of acebutolol in man, following the oral administration of acebutolol HCl as a single dose (400 mg), and during and after repeated oral dosing (400 mg, b.d.). AB - The pharmacokinetics of acebutolol have been studied in eight healthy male volunteers following the oral administration of acebutolol hydrochloride ('Sectral', May & Baker) as a single dose (400 mg), and during and after repeated oral dosing (400 mg, b.d. for 56 days). Following single dose administration, considerable inter-subject variation in plasma levels of parent drug and the major metabolite, diacetolol, was evident. Acebutolol appeared to be eliminated from plasma in a bi-phasic manner, and this was confirmed from urinary excretion rate data. Mean initial and terminal half-lives of about 2 and 11 h, respectively, were determined. Plasma levels of diacetolol were greater than those of parent drug from 3 to 4 h following dose administration. Total urinary excretion of diacetolol was generally greater than that of acebutolol. During repeated dosing, steady-state plasma levels of acebutolol and diacetolol were achieved in 6 volunteers. Acebutolol did not appear to stimulate or inhibit its metabolism. PMID- 7248476 TI - Theoretical considerations in calculation of terminal phase half-times following oral doses, illustrated with model data. AB - Concentrations of drugs in plasma following oral doses, when plotted as a function of time, invariably display a growth and decay curve. the terminal phase of this curve is commonly used for calculation of a half-time (sometimes designated the 'half-life') of the drug concentration in plasma. However, difficulty is often experienced in assigning a suitable time point as that of commencement of the terminal phase. This paper examines theoretically and with model data the issue of whether there is a useful systematic relation between this time and other identifiable times such as that of maximum concentration. The conclusion is reached that no rule of thumb can be applied. It is stressed that computer simulation, statistical testing for linearity, and comparison with data obtained following intravenous doses are all necessary before a conclusion can be reached that a particular half-time has been validly assessed. PMID- 7248477 TI - Rectal infusion of the model drug antipyrine with an osmotic delivery system. AB - An osmotically-powered rectal drug delivery system, was used for the rectal infusion of the model drug antipyrine. The system, which is slightly larger than a normal suppository, has a nominal pumping rate of 43 microliter h-1 over at least 30 h. Four healthy volunteers kept two such systems in their rectum for a sum total of 98 h. Saliva and plasma concentrations were determined at regular intervals and in all cases a very constant steady-state saliva and plasma concentration was reached and maintained. Defecation and reinsertion of the drug delivery system did not cause any irregularities in the concentration profile. The system was very well tolerated by the volunteers. PMID- 7248478 TI - Bioavailability in man of atenolol and chlorthalidone from a combination formulation. AB - In this comparative bioavailability study in 12 healthy volunteers the blood level profiles and urinary recoveries of both atenolol and chlorthalidone were studied following the administration of the drug as a fixed combination ('Tenoretic'), as a free combination, and individually, at doses of 100 mg atenolol, and 25 mg chlorthalidone. There were no statistically significant differences between the three formulations of atenolol in terms of individual blood levels, half-life, area-under-the-curve, and urinary excretion. The half lives were between 5 and 6 h in agreement with other published data. Thus the bioavailability of atenolol from the fixed combination is equivalent to that from the free combination and from the atenolol tablet. The chlorthalidone blood levels were slightly higher following the administration of the fixed combination when compared with the free combination or the chlorthalidone tablet. This observation was reflected in estimates of the area under the curves and the urinary recoveries. The half-lives of all three formulations were similar at about 60 h. It is concluded that combining chlorthalidone and atenolol in a single tablet does not reduce the systemic bioavailability of either component. PMID- 7248479 TI - Rifaprim (rifampicin plus trimethoprim): pharmacokinetics and effects on the normal flora of man. AB - Ten healthy volunteers were given 'Rifaprim' in the dosage recommended for the treatment of urinary infections in man (rifampicin 300 mg + trimethoprim 80 mg in the morning and double these amounts at night, for 7 days). Levels of both drugs in the serum and urine were determined on the first and last days. The results show that trimethoprim was always present in the serum in amounts sufficient to suppress the emergence of resistance to rifampicin. In the urine, inhibitory concentrations of each drug were present throughout the course of treatment. Aerobic organisms were largely eliminated from the gut and reappeared after treatment still sensitive to both antibiotics: the anaerobic moiety persisted and became resistant to rifampicin. Changes in nasopharyngeal flora were relatively minor. Thus, this dosage regimen of "Rifaprim' contains enough trimethoprim to prevent the emergence of resistance to rifampicin among urinary pathogens under normal circumstances (i.e. provided the organisms are initially sensitive to trimethoprim). PMID- 7248480 TI - Bioavailability of propranolol and bendrofluazide formulations. AB - In this comparative bioavailability study in 12 healthy volunteers the blood level profiles of both propranolol and bendrofluazide were studied following the multiple oral administration of the drugs as a fixed combination (Inderetic) and as a free combination at doses of 80 mg propranolol twice daily and 2.5 mg bendrofluazide twice daily. There were no statistically significant differences between the two regimens in terms of individual propranolol blood levels, half lives and areas under the curve. The half-lives were between 5 and 8 h. Thus the bioavailability of propranolol from the fixed combination is equivalent to that from the free combination. The mean peak bendrofluazide blood levels were slightly higher following the administration of the fixed combination. This difference was statistically significant only at 1 and 2 h after the first dose. There were no statistically significant differences between these two bendrofluazide regimens in terms of half-life and area under the curve. Thus the bioavailability of bendrofluazide from the fixed combination is equivalent to that from the free combination. It is concluded therefore that by combining bendrofluazide and propranolol in a fixed capsule formulation does not affect significantly the systemic bioavailability of either component. PMID- 7248481 TI - The assay and absorption kinetics of oral theophylline-7-acetic acid in the human. AB - A sensitive and specific method for the estimation of theophylline-7-acetic acid in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography is described. Acidified plasma is extracted with chloroform-n-butanol (85: 15), back extracted with phosphate buffer (0.5 mmol-1, pH 6.5), and finally the acidified aqueous phase extracted again with chloroform-butanol. After evaporation of the extract the residue is redissolved in the chromatographic mobile phase (hexane dichloromethane-ethanol-acetic acid, 10 : 86 : 3 : 1) and chromatographed on silica gel. The method was used to follow the plasma theophylline-7-acetic acid concentrations in two volunteers after single oral doses of 1.0 g of the drug. The results confirm previous reports, based on urine data and on plasma data following intravenous administration, that the drug is poorly absorbed (apparent bioavailability of 1 and 2 per cent), rapidly eliminated (half-life of 1.0 and 2.4 h) and not converted to theophylline. PMID- 7248482 TI - Interrelation between plasma protein binding, rate of injection and the anaesthetic effect of thiopental. AB - 1. Following thiopental injection to rabbits in doses of 5 mg kg-1 intravenously (i.v.) the sleeping time lasted longer after injection by bolus than after administration made more slowly over 30 or 60s, respectively. 2. Peak concentration in the blood of the animals after bolus injection was about four time higher than after slow injection. 3. The determination of protein binding showed that the unbound fraction of thiopental at the high concentration following bolus injection is almost doubled compared with the unbound concentration following the slow injections. Therefore it is concluded that this contributes to an increased concentration of thiopental in the brain during the initial phase of distribution thus extending the sleeping time. 4. The results from experiments using a distribution model give additional evidence supporting this conception. PMID- 7248483 TI - Estimation of the systemic bioavailability of timolol in man. AB - The systemic bioavailability of timolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, was calculated from published data in normal volunteers and uremic patients after oral doses. Equations based on the perfusion limited model that account for the biological determinants affecting drug disposition were derived and applied to calculate systemic bioavailability. The means of the fraction of the administered oral dose reaching the systemic circulations intact drug were calculated to be 0.58 and 0.60 for normal volunteers and uremic patients, respectively. Minimal first pass biotransformation during absorption was inferred from these figures for timolol when compared with other analogs such as propranolol and alprenolol, each of which undergoes an extensive first pass effect. PMID- 7248484 TI - Growth of a hypercycle and comparison with conventional autocatalysis. AB - The hypercycle is a chemical model for reproduction which has been advocated for early stages of biological evolution. Its advantage is thought to lie in the high rate of growth conferred by hyperbolic kinetics. Earlier work has also indicated a saturation phase at large constituent concentrations. The present paper shows that both the saturation phase and the phase of hyperbolic growth have been introduced into the kinetics by making some of the reactions reversible. Reversibility is not essential to the operation of the hypercycle and the system with irreversible reactions grows faster. However, even the fastest hypercycle does not grow as fast as the simple autocatalyst obtained by removing that reaction which is characteristic of the hypercycle. Also, both because the hypercycle is not a coherent system and because its growth requires reactions among separated constituents in the medium, it is more subject to decay than a simple autocatalytic particle. With greater complexity, slower growth, and more severe decay, the hypercycle is not a satisfactory alternative to conventional models of reproduction. PMID- 7248485 TI - Comments on "growth of a hypercycle" by King (1981). AB - The notion of hypercycles has been introduced (Eigen, 1971) in order to characterize a functional entity which integrates information stored in individual self-replicating elements. Commonly, these self-replicating elements compete, like polynucleotides do in test tube experiments (Spiegelman, 1971; Biebricher et al., 1981) or, like species do in nature. A single species is selected eventually together with its most frequent mutants and the less efficient competitors disappear. In order to suppress competition, specific coupling terms of second order - these are coupling terms which are proportional to the product of two population numbers or concentration - have to be introduced into the kinetic equations such a link has to extend to all members, requiring the formation of a closed catalytic cycle (Eigen and Schuster, 1979). The copying of polynucleotide sequences, like every transfer of information, can only occur with finite accuracy (Eigen et al., 1981). This physical restriction imposes a limit upon the content of information that can be transmitted. A higher content of information requires more precise replication. A more involved replication machinery, however, presupposes more information to build it. Thus, a single autocatalyst will not be able to increase its content of information over the given threshold. How does one escape from this vicious circle? Hypercycles present a solution to the problem: many information carriers coexist and may cooperate to build a more sophisticated and more precisely copying replication machinery. Optimization of growth rates has never been the goal for which hypercycles were conceived. Any first order process can proceed at a higher rate than a second order process if low enough concentrations are chosen. On the other hand, any realistic hypercycle involves both first and second order terms. At low concentrations first order terms provide for accumulation of material while at higher concentration second order terms stabilize cooperation. At which concentration level such a prevalence changes is a matter of quantitative values of rate parameters rather than of basic principle. An autocatalyst may outgrow a hypercycle under certain conditions but it can never solve the problem of integrating information. PMID- 7248486 TI - Material self-assembly as a physicochemical process. AB - Material self-assembly as exemplified in protobiogeneses is shown to be result of molecular exchange interaction in reacting chemicals. Temporally and spatially correlated aggregates of reacting chemicals work as vertices of molecular exchange interaction. If the material accumulation rate at a locally correlated aggregate spontaneously happens to become positive at a certain time, the material accumulation due to self-assembly will increase with time afterward. A spontaneous formation of looped reaction at locally correlated aggregates of reacting chemicals can initiate a material self-assembly at succeeding times. PMID- 7248487 TI - Electrical membrane phenomena in spherules from proteinoid and lecithin. AB - Spontaneous and induced electrical phenomena resembling membrane and action potentials in natural excitable cells have been observed in artificial cells. These artificial cells were made from thermal proteinoid and lecithin in a solution of potassium acid phosphate with glycerol. PMID- 7248488 TI - Ernst Haeckel's concept of an evolutionary origin of life. AB - In 1865/66 E. Haeckel for the first time suggested an evolutionary sequence in order to explain the origin of the first living cell. Haeckel's concept is compared with modern theories of the origin of life. It is evident that Haeckel has not as yet received the credit that he deserves for his evolutionary concept. PMID- 7248489 TI - Algorithmic specification as a technique for computing with informal biological models. AB - Conceptual biological models can sometimes be usefully expressed in algorithmic form. Models expressed in this way are often capable of capturing more aspects of the complete system than could be captured by other modeling approaches, though in general each aspect is captured in a highly simplified way. Two examples are given. The first involves algorithmic specification of the theory of evolution. The second involves a recently implemented computational model of the brain. Work with such models has, to some extent, the style of experimental work. It often suggests interesting problems or exposes subtle features of the system whose importance has been overlooked. PMID- 7248490 TI - "Cilium" and "flagellum". PMID- 7248491 TI - [Disruption of the morphofunctional state of hepatocytes and microcirculation in the liver during prolonged artificial circulation in dogs]. AB - Qualitative and quantitative analysis was made of morpho-functional and enzymatic changes in the dog liver during long-term extracorporeal circulation. Pronounced necrotic alterations of hepatocytes and microcirculatory disorders were detected by the end of 3-hour extracorporeal circulation. The data obtained indicate the need for correction of circulation in the terminal parts of the vascular bed. PMID- 7248492 TI - [Biological significance of physiologic hypoxemia]. AB - Preliminary inhalation of oxygen in conscious rabbits prevents increased respiratory muscle activity caused by airway occlusion. This is accounted for by hyperoxia that removes physiological hypoxemia and therefore depresses the sensitivity of the respiratory center which is needed to perform the reflex caused by airway occlusion. This also explains that hyperoxia prevents respiratory discomfort caused by temporary stoppage of artificial respiration in persons with respiratory paralysis. PMID- 7248493 TI - [Effect of L-DOPA on the development of experimental hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7248494 TI - [Pathogenetic role of lipid peroxidation and the protective role of sodium selenite in ischemia and myocardial reperfusion]. AB - The data obtained in experiments on 89 random bred male white rats indicate an important pathogenetic role of lipid peroxidation activation during ischemia of the myocardium and its further reperfusion. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by sodium selenite was accompanied by increased resistance of the heart to its reversible ischemia. The evidence obtained documents a new principle of pathogenetic therapy of transitory coronary insufficiency with lipid peroxidation inhibitors, particularly sodium selenite. The data presented may be of importance for clinical practice since transitory myocardial ischemia in animals represents an experimental model of the forms of coronary heart disease of man which are accompanied by transient reduction of the coronary blood flow. PMID- 7248495 TI - [Concentration of water, sodium, and potassium in the tissues of rats with circulatory insufficiency caused by constriction of the thoracic portion of the inferior vena cava]. AB - In edematous rats with circulatory insufficiency, the content of water and sodium in the muscle and liver rises while that of potassium declines per 1 g wet weight. The increased sodium and decreased potassium content in the tissues cannot be accounted for only by enlargement of the extracellular volume. In contrast to normal rats, the edematous ones show a negative linear correlation between the content of sodium and potassium in the muscle and liver. The total content of sodium and potassium in the tissues increases. It is assumed that part of intracellular potassium in the test tissues of rats with circulatory insufficiency is replaced by sodium. The proportion of sodium bound to structural components of the cell increases. PMID- 7248496 TI - [Plasma protein spectrum of dog blood during treatment of hypoxia with a Sever OMR membrane oxygenator]. AB - A Sever-OMP membrane oxygenator (MO) was applied in experiments on 12 dogs to the treatment of a severe hypoventilation hypoxia (over 3 hours). The MO was connected to the arteriovenous shunt established on the femoral vessels. The blood plasma protein spectrum (BPPS) was determined electrophoretically before and after MO connection. BPPS of dogs is characterized by a number of specific features. No signs of blood plasma protein denaturation were found during operation of the Sever-OMP MO that ensures adequate conditions for body existence under hyperventilation. Studies on BPPS facilitate the appraisal of the MO and perfusion conditions. PMID- 7248498 TI - [Lymph circulation dynamics and protein-cellular responses of central lymph during the early postresuscitation period]. AB - Lymph circulation, the biochemical and cytologic composition of thoracic duct lymph were studied in experiments on dogs in the early postresuscitation period. In the course of rehabilitation of vital functions, the experimental animals manifested a considerable increase in the lymph flow rate in the thoracic ducts. Concurrently there was a significant rise, seen immediately after the postresuscitation period, in the absolute amount of protein and lymphoid cells transported by the lymphatic system into the general protein circulation. A conclusion is made that the lymphatic system plays an important role in the compensation of deranged homeostasis in the maintenance of optimal conditions for the metabolic processes in the intertissue space as well as in the mobilization and redistribution of body lymphoid cells in the postresuscitation period. PMID- 7248497 TI - [Colony-forming activity of stromal precursors of bone marrow mechanocytes in leukemia and hematopoietic hypoplasia]. AB - The colony-forming precursors of stromal mechanocytes do not remain intact in blood diseases affecting hemopoietic stem cells (acute leukemia and hemopoiesis hypoplasia). These cells are deranged to the greatest degree in hemopoiesis hypoplasia. The drug-induced hempoiesis hypoplasia (cytostatic therapy) is characterized by a greater inhibition of the stromal precursors of mechanocytes with the same degree of myeloid hemopoiesis inhibition as in an idiopathic one. PMID- 7248499 TI - [Changes in vascular permeability and the state of mesenteric mast cells in acute experimental pancreatitis and following treatment with sodium thiosulfate]. AB - Increased vascular permeability of the mesentery was revealed in rats with experimental pancreatitis in the stage of pancreonecrosis with hemorrhagic component. This circumstance is related to a great extent to the release of biogenic amines, histamine and serotonine, from mast cells of the "microregion" and to the diminution of the amount of tissue eosinophils, an antihistamine link in the permeability control. Application of sodium thiosulfate improved vascular permeability, normalized the content of biogenic amines in mast cells and preserved the amount of eosinophils in the mesentery because of the protective effect of the drug on the pancreas. PMID- 7248500 TI - [Experimental basis fur using D-penicillamine in liver cirrhosis]. AB - The therapeutic action of D-penicillamine (D-PA) in experimental liver cirrhosis was examined comprehensively and compared to that of prednisolone. D-RA primarily depressed fibrillogenesis, preventing the appearance of scar lesions in liver tissue. The drug exerted a beneficial effect on excretory and albumin synthetizing function of the liver and had a protective action of oxidation function of liver mitochondria and the content of cytochromes. Unlike D-PA, prednisolone primarily reduced the manifestations of auto-immunization. The remainder of the tests have revealed no essential differences in the action of the drugs. The risk of prednisolone overdosage and side effects it produces have been recorded. PMID- 7248501 TI - [Functional state of the cerebral cortex and midbrain reticular formation during traumatic shock]. AB - Acute experiments on cats were carried out during traumatic shock to study evoked potentials in the sensorimotor cortex and reticular formation (RF) of the midbrain in response to electrodermal irritation of the contralateral paw. The cortical function was judged by thresholds of convulsant reaction while function of RF by thresholds of activation reaction in the cortex of the course of high frequency electrical stimulation of the structures under study. It was shown that in traumatic shock, initial and pronounced depression of the cortical function paralleled long enough stability of RF functional activity. PMID- 7248502 TI - [Ionic composition and potassium ion permeability of the erythrocyte membranes of patients with the inflammatory-dystrophic form of parodontosis]. AB - The content of K+ was evaluated in erythrocytes of the blood collected from the finger and gingiva of normal people and patients with parodontosis. The content of K+ in erythrocytes of the capillary blood was discovered to increase with the enhancement of the disease severity. The permeability ratio for K+ did not essentially change. The data obtained confirm the suggestion that parodontosis is a systemic disease rather than a local affection. PMID- 7248503 TI - [Effect of hirudin-thrombin and phenylmethylsulfonyl-thrombin on various blood clotting indices]. AB - Some characteristics of the blood coagulation system were analyzed after injection to rats of hirudin-thrombin and phenylmethylsulfonyl-thrombin devoid of clotting and esterase activities because of the blocking of the substrate binding or catalytic site of the active center. Unlike native thrombin, both forms of modified thrombin did not activate the anticoagulation system. PMID- 7248504 TI - [Polyhemoglobin-based model of an artificial oxygen carrier with functional properties similar to blood]. AB - The principal physicochemical and biochemical characteristics are described of a new artificial oxygen carrier model that represents polyhemoglobin (polyHb) with chemically attached pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), regulator of reversible hemoglobin (Hb) oxygenation. Owing to PLP attachment, the compound obtained (poly Hb-PLP) possesses the oxygen dissociation properties similar to those of blood thereby eliminating one of the main faults of exoerythrocytic Hb and of its high molecular-weight derivatives, namely high affinity for oxygen. P50 of polyHb-PLP is shown to be 26-28 mm Hg; the oxygen dissociation curve of a mixture of blood and 12% polyHb-PLP (1 : 1) virtually coincides with the blood curve. The data are presented on autooxidation of polyHb-PLP solutions and its mixtures with plasma and blood under physiological conditions. The weight average and number average molecular masses of polyHb-PLP are 172000 +/- 16000 and 120000 +/- 11000, respectively. The width of the polydisperse model amounts to 1.4 +/0 0.3. The relative viscosity of 11-12% polyHb-PLP is about 2. The model is not toxic when injected to mice and rats in a dose of 3 g/kg bw. The evidence presented indicates that polyHb-PLP holds promise as a prospective blood substitute. PMID- 7248505 TI - [Peptide mapping of the hexon and internal protein of type 6 human and type 7 simian adenoviruses]. AB - Hexons (polypeptide 11) and core proteins (polypeptide V) of human adenovirus type 6 and simian adenovirus type 7 were isolated using electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. Tryptic peptide maps showed the similarity but not identify in the structure of proteins studied. This method seems to be the most suitable for comparison of relative viral proteins. PMID- 7248506 TI - [State of cardiac pyridine nucleotides and flavoproteins during preservation with a 0.5% formalin solution]. AB - Possibilities of formaldehyde interaction with the respiratory link of mitochondria were studied. For this purpose the fluorescent technique was used to examine pyridine nucleotides and flavoproteins of the conserved heart. The data obtained indicate that the action of formaldehyde on oxidation myocardial cell metabolism appears to be related to the inhibition of the glycolytic apparatus. PMID- 7248508 TI - [Components of the prothrombin molecule during development of avitaminosis K]. AB - Components of the blood plasma prothrombin molecule were studied in the course of alimentary K avitaminosis development in pigeons and rats. A gradual decrease in the content of hexosamines in the prothrombin molecule was observed when vitamin K was excluded from the animals' diet. This decrease may be associated with inhibition of glucosamine biosynthesis. PMID- 7248507 TI - [Possibility of studying lipoperoxidation processes in surviving tissues]. AB - A study was made of postmortem changes in the activity of "antioxidative" enzymes and in the content of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation in rabbit tissues (aorta, liver). It was found that the content of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation in the liver sharply rises already 1.5 h after the animals were sacrificed whereas no significant changes developed in the aorta over 9 hours. The activity of the "antioxidative" enzymes in the aorta or liver remains unchanged during these hours. Possibilities are discussed of studying the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathion peroxidase, and the products of lipid peroxidation in cadaveric material obtained on rapid autopsy of suddenly deceased people. PMID- 7248509 TI - [Isolation of cholesterol esterase from the pancreatic juice of dogs]. AB - Cholesterol esterase was isolated from canine pancreatic juice by DEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The preparation obtained was free from detectable proteinase and lipase activity. The cholesterol esterase activity was increased by adding boiled pancreatic juice. This fact allowed a preliminary conclusion that pancreatic juice contains an activator of cholesterol esterase. PMID- 7248510 TI - [Characteristics of soluble proteins of Pacinian corpuscles]. AB - The paper describes some characteristics of water- and salt-soluble proteins from tissue mechanoreceptors (Pacini's corpuscles). The proteins were divided into fractions with different molecular weights with a purpose of determining fraction wise the content of nucleotides and protein-carbohydrate complexes. Possibilities of performing metabolic functions by soluble proteins and of creating a specific tissue mechanoreceptor microenvironment are discussed. PMID- 7248511 TI - [Endodermal antigen in the oral mucosa, organs and secretions of humans]. AB - Immunologic analysis of the antigenic spectrum of the oral mucosa of man has shown a correlation between the properties as well as distribution pattern in the body of entodermal antigen of man and animals (dogs). This formed a basis for an assumption about the existence in at least two representatives of mammals of an antigen with similar properties discovered by the authors. PMID- 7248512 TI - [Effect of imidazole on collagenogenesis in granulation tissue of experimental wounds]. AB - A study was made of the effect of imidazole on wound healing. The duration of wound healing was 2 days less in animals given imidazole as compared to controls, with the rate of prolin-containing protein synthesis by fibroblast and the rate of their egress into the intercellular space being increased. No excess fibrillogenesis was noted. Hydroxyproline content in the granulation tissue of wounds differed little in control and in experimental animals. PMID- 7248514 TI - [Formation of a regeneration stimulus following after submandibular gland and liver injury in the presence of total sympathetic nervous system suppression]. AB - Resection of the submandibular gland or liver in Wistar rats leads to the increased proliferation of the retinal epithelium 72 hours after operation. This phenomenon is not connected with post-traumatic hemorrhage. Preliminary total inhibition of the sympathoadrenal system by diphtheria toxin abolishes the proliferation stimulus to regeneration. Participation of catecholamines in post traumatic cell proliferation is suggested. PMID- 7248513 TI - [Mitotic activity and chromosome aberrations in regenerating rat liver following x-ray irradiation]. AB - Changes in the mitotic index (MI), the ratio of the metaphase to prophase number (M/P) and the chromosome aberration frequency in the regenerating rat liver were followed after single irradiation with exposures 77.4; 154.8 and 258 mC/kg (300, 600, 1000 R). The animals were partially hepatectomized immediately after irradiation and from the 18th hour to the 21st day after the treatment they were tested simultaneously with non-irradiated control animals. Irradiation resulted in approximately 6-hour delay in initiation of the mitotic activity in the regenerating liver. The inhibition extent depended on the magnitude of the exposure. A single exposure 77.4 mC/kg caused a 15% decrease in the mitotic activity, exposures 154.8 mC/kg and 258 mC/kg a 39% and 76% decrease, respectively, compared with control animals. M/P ratio in the regenerating liver in control and irradiated animals (77.4 and 154.8 mC/kg) manifested cyclic changes during the first 3 days. M/P values were about the highest level in irradiated animals depending on the exposure. postmetaphase figures in animals exposed to 77.4 mC/kg were aberrant in 50%. In animals exposed to 154.8 and 258 mC/kg, the percentage of chromosome aberrations ranged within 80-100%. PMID- 7248515 TI - [Effect of light schedule inversion on mitotic cycle parameters in the esophageal epithelium of mice]. AB - Parameters of the cell mitotic cycle (MC) in the esophageal epithelium of mice were studied 5, 10 and 17 days after inverting the light schedule (light from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m. in the control group, L : D = 12:12, and light from 8 p. m. to 8 a. m. in the experimental one., L : D = 12:12). The duration of different MC periods is similar in the control and experimental animals at varying time after inversion of the light schedule: G2min- 1.0-2.0 h, G2 + 1/2M = 2.0 -2.7 h, S = 7.1-7.7 h, G1 + 1/2M = 14.0-15.5 h. The total MC duration is 24-25 h. The pattern of the labeled mitotic curves after inversion only slightly differs from the control. This is evidence of stability of MC cell kinetics after inversion of the light schedule. The intracyclic regulatory mechanisms appear not to be affected essentially by this inversion. PMID- 7248517 TI - [Ultrastructure of axosomatic contacts on sensomotor cortex neurons and celiac ganglia in rats in relation to age]. AB - Axosomatic contacts of pyramidal neurons and those of neurones of celiac ganglia in rats are characterized by diverse types of relationships and by many-component complexes. The metric parameters of axosomatic contacts of pyramidal neurons do not change with age but the proportion of active contacts increases. With age, the celiac ganglia show an increase in the diameter of contact axons and in the number of deeply invaginated contacts. Meanwhile the proportion of active contacts diminishes. These changes within the system of axosomatic contacts appear to develop in response to subsidence of neurons and their contacts with age and thus have a compensatory-adaptive significance. PMID- 7248516 TI - [Role of the venule and lymphatic links of microcirculation in transcapillary exchange at the level of the functional unit of an organ]. AB - Fluorescent contact biomicroscopy has shown the presence of the protein permeability gradient in postcapillary and venular parts of the microvascular bed of the rat mesentery and stomach. Albumin and globulin that egressed into extravascular spaces were reabsorbed by lymphatic microvessels. Fluorescent protein was also detected in the form of golden granules in the endothelium of venules and in pericytes adjacent to the venular parts. The data obtained are discussed in the light of the role of venular and lymphatic microvessels in transcapillary exchange at the level of the functional organ element. PMID- 7248518 TI - [Morphologic criteria for kidney preservation]. AB - Comparative histoenzymatic, electron microscopic and histologic studies of kidney preservation without perfusion have shown that the pattern of precipitation of tetrazolium reaction products correlates with the degree of ultrastructural damage to the epithelium of renal tubules. A previously made suggestion on the possibility of using the tetrazolium reactions for estimating the degree of preservation of ischemized organs and tissues has been confirmed. PMID- 7248519 TI - [Recovery of a population of Kupffer cells after loading them with an inert colloid]. PMID- 7248520 TI - [Technic for simultaneous recording of the uptake and secretion of 14C noradrenaline by rat brain synaptosomes]. AB - A procedure has been suggested for simultaneous recording of 14C-noradrenaline active uptake and induced secretion by rat brain synaptosomes. Active noradrenaline uptake was shown to depend on the presence in the incubation medium of Ca2+. Removal of Ca2+ from the incubation medium considerably reduces the intensity of noradrenaline uptake by the synaptosomes. Unlike the induced secretion in potassium depolarization of synaptosomal membranes, spontaneous release of noradrenaline does not depend on the presence of Ca2+ in the incubation medium. PMID- 7248521 TI - Biochemical and biophysical characterization of glucocorticoid receptors in normal lymphoid tissue. AB - 3H-triamcinolone acetonide labeled glucocorticoid receptors in normal lymphoid tissues can be resolved into two component by DEAE chromatography: peak I elutes at 0.04 M salt and peak II is 0.22 M salt. By glycerol gradient centrifugation, peak I is 3.5S and peak II 8.5S. Peak I binds to DNA and chromatin, while peak II binds to neither. After heat activation, peak II alters its coefficient of sedimentation to 3.5S and on DEAE rechromatography changes its elution position to 0.04 M salt (peak I area) and acquires affinity for DNA. Glucocorticoid receptors in lymphoblastic leukemia cells can now be characterized using these techniques and compared to receptors in normal lymphoid cells. PMID- 7248522 TI - Platelet membrane studies in the May-Hegglin anomaly. AB - Since studies of the giant platelets in the Bernard-Soulier syndrome have shown decreased electrophoretic mobility, decreased sialic acid, and an abnormality in a membrane glycoprotein, we performed similar studies on the giant platelets from two patients with the May-Hegglin anomaly. The patients' platelet electrophoretic mobilities did not differ from control. Although the total sialic acid contents of the patients' platelets were greater than control when calculated per platelet, they were very similar to control when normalized for differences in platelet volume and surface area. When platelet proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis there were no differences between the glycoproteins of control and patient platelets as judged by the patterns of periodic acid Schiff staining and fluorescein-labeled concanavalin A binding. Similarly, patterns of surface glycoprotein labeling by neuraminidase/galactose oxidase/KB3H4 were identical. We conclude that unlike the giant platelets in the Bernard-Soulier syndrome, those of the May-Hegglin anomaly are not associated with a membrane abnormality detectable by these techniques. PMID- 7248523 TI - Chemical modification of human hemoglobin by antisickling concentrations of nitrogen mustard. PMID- 7248524 TI - Studies of human pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-GEMM) in vitro. AB - An in vitro clonal assay for a class of human hemopoietic progenitors (CFU-GEMM) with several characteristics of pluripotential stem cells has been previously described. In the presence of medium conditioned by leukocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA-LCM) and erythropoietin (Ep), CFU-GEMM give rise to mixed hemopoietic colonies containing granulocytic, erythroid, monocyte-macrophage, and megakaryocytic elements. In initial studies we found that CFU-GEMM were present in equal but low frequencies in blood (B) and bone marrow (M) mononuclear cell populations. However, when the culture system was modified by the substitution of Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium for alpha-MEM and the addition of mercaptoethanol, a significant enhancement of mixed colony formation occurred, and an approximately 3-4-fold difference in the frequency of CFU-GEMM between B and M emerged. Replating studies showed the formation of secondary differentiated hemopoietic colonies and at least a limited capacity for self-renewal of CFU GEMM. The in vitro growth of normal CFU-GEMM was highly dependent on hemopoietin(s) present in PHA-LCM. In vitro detection of CFU-GEMM, however, requires only relatively low permissive concentrations of Ep, in contrast to the high Ep requirement for optimal BFU-E growth in vitro. These and other data described demonstrate CFU-GEMM to be a distinct multipotential stem cell class whose assay may prove useful in the study of human blood dyscrasias. PMID- 7248525 TI - Diminished osmotic fragility of human erythrocytes following the membrane insertion of oxygenated sterol compounds. AB - Oxygenated sterol compounds (OSC), when incubated for 1 hr with human erythrocytes in lipoprotein-depleted medium at concentrations of 0.625-5 X 10(-5) M, are inserted into the cell membrane and remain there despite subsequent washing of the cells. The insertion results in expansion of the surface area of the red cell ghost membrane, an increase in critical hemolytic volume, and as a consequence, in diminished osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes. This effect is seen with echinocyte-forming as well as with non-echinocyte-forming OSC. Erythrocytes treated with OSC do not differ from control cells with respect to their mean cell volume (MCV) in isotonic solution, water content, ion fluxes, and filterability through polycarbonate filters. The shift of the osmotic fragility curve toward lower NaCl concentrations is proportional to the amount of OSC inserted into the red cell membrane. 7 beta-Hydroxycholesterol, 22 ketocholesterol, and 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol are the most potent inhibitors of osmotic lysis. The effect of OSC on osmotic fragility is diminished if the erythrocytes are incubated in a lipoprotein-containing medium; free cholesterol, however, does not change this effect. Various progesterones also protect red cell from osmotic lysis, but only if the erythrocytes are directly exposed to the compounds present in the hypotonic NaCl solutions used for measurement of their osmotic fragility. Progesterones do not remain in the membrane after the cells have been washed. The OSC are also capable of correcting the osmotic fragility curve of red cells from patients with hereditary spherocytosis. These experiments may suggest an approach to the pharmacologic treatment of hereditary spherocytosis. PMID- 7248526 TI - Loss of 111Indium as indicator of platelet injury. AB - We previously demonstrated that platelets can be labeled with 111Inoxine with high labeling efficiency and that 111In is not liberated from labeled platelets during the platelet release reaction or prolonged in vitro storage. In view of these findings, we examined the potential usefulness of loss of 111In from labeled platelets as an indicator or platelet damage by comparing the loss of 111In with that of 51Cr and LDH (in some experiments also with platelet factor 3 availability) under different conditions of platelet injury. When washed human platelets labeled with either 51Cr-chromate or 111In-oxine were exposed to increasing concentrations of detergents (Triton X-100, lysolecithin), threshold, rate, and extent of loss of 111In, 51Cr and, LDH were similar. In contrast, when labeled platelets were depleted of metabolic energy by incubation in glucose-free Tyrode albumin solution or glucose-depleted plasma in the presence of antimycin A and 2-deoxy-D-glucose, loss of 51Cr (and PF3a) occurred earlier and progressed at a faster rate than that of 111In or LDH. Similar results were obtained when platelets were exposed to increasing concentrations of PlA1 antibody, causing complement-mediated immune injury. The findings indicate that with certain agents that cause rapid platelet disruption (lysis), different platelet constituents are lost at similar rates. However, under conditions of more subtle or slowly progressive platelet injury, small molecules such as adenine nucleotides (51Cr) may escape earlier and at faster rates than larger molecules such as LDH or 111In binding platelet protein. Thus, neither 111In loss nor LDH loss appear to be suitable indicators for sublytic or prelytic platelet injury. PMID- 7248527 TI - Sickled erythrocytes accelerate clotting in vitro: an effect of abnormal membrane lipid asymmetry. AB - A membrane lipid abnormality induced by sickling and found as a permanent alteration in the irreversibly sickled cell (ISC) is the rearrangement of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidyl serine (PS) from the inner to the exterior side of the lipid bilayer. Since PS can provide a catalytic surface for the binding of blood coagulation factors and thus can exhibit procoagulant activity, we investigated the influence of oxy and deoxy reversibly sickled cells (RSC) ass well as ISC on clotting in vitro. Red blood cells (RBC), as the source of phospholipid, were added to platelet-poor citrated plasma containing Russell's viper venom (RVV) and clotting time was measured after recalcification. The clotting time after addition of normal RBC and oxy-RSC was similar to the saline blank (100 sec). In contrast, both oxy-ISC and deoxy completely sickled RSC shortened clotting time by 30%. Using liposomes prepared with identical phospholipid composition to the outer lipid leaflet of either normal RBC, RSC or ISC clotting times similar to those with intact cells were achieved. Since the liposomes did not contain protein, accentuation of clotting appears to be related to abnormal phospholipid organization, in particular to the abnormal exposure to aminophospholipids on the outer surface of the membrane. This abnormality may contribute to the pathogenesis of the vaso-occlusive episode in sickle cell anemia. PMID- 7248529 TI - Evaluation of the indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) in diagnosis of Taenia saginata cysticercosis (Cysticercus bovis) infection in cattle. PMID- 7248528 TI - [Chronic lymphoproliferative disorder resembling hairy-cell leukemia (author's transl)]. AB - Seven patients are presented with a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized clinically by splenomegaly, no or discrete lymphnode enlargement, and a varying degree of cytopenia. In blood and bone-marrow smears lymphoid cells of "hairy" appearance are demonstrable which may contain tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. The finding of a nodular bone-marrow infiltration without fibrosis as well as that of a nodular infiltration of the spleen originating in the white pulp are incompatible with the diagnosis hairy-cell leukemia and place the disease near to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or leukemic immunocytoma respectively. A detailed cytologic and cytochemical examination of the infiltrating cells shows deviations from the typical enzymatic pattern of hairy cells and from known enzymatic constellations in CLL and related lymphoproliferative disorders. Thus, we are dealing with an intermediate form, difficult to classify, the separation of which nevertheless seems to be important for therapeutical reasons. PMID- 7248532 TI - Survey of lice infesting domestic fowl on the Jos Plateau, northern Nigeria. PMID- 7248530 TI - Gastro-intestinal helminthiasis in young cattle in the Central African Republic. PMID- 7248531 TI - Control of arthropod vectors of disease in Nigeria - a review. PMID- 7248533 TI - Preservation of Borrelia anserina at different temperatures. PMID- 7248534 TI - A survey of causes of organ condemnation in slaughtered cattle at Zaria, Nigeria. PMID- 7248535 TI - A rapid biochemical test for measuring chemical toxicity. PMID- 7248536 TI - Use of the Microtox assay system for environmental samples. PMID- 7248537 TI - Free amino acids in mantle tissues of the bivalve Amblema plicata: possible relation to environmental stress. PMID- 7248539 TI - Toxicity of Ozonated estuarine water to juvenile blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) and Juvenile Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus). PMID- 7248538 TI - Effects of intermittent chlorination on plasma proteins of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). PMID- 7248540 TI - Seasonal variation of mutagenic activity in drinking water. PMID- 7248542 TI - Levels of hydrocarbons in mussels, Mytilus edulis, and surface sediments from Danish coastal areas. PMID- 7248541 TI - Distribution and elimination of [9-14C]phenanthrene in the horse mussel (Modiola modiolus). PMID- 7248544 TI - A laboratory investigation of heavy metal adsorption on marine dredge spoils. PMID- 7248545 TI - Nearshore dredge-spoil dumping and cadmium, copper, and zinc levels in a dermestid shrimp. PMID- 7248546 TI - Determination of vanadium in a marine mollusc using a chelating ion exchange resin and neutron activation. PMID- 7248543 TI - Effects of a drilling fluid on the development of a teleost and an echinoderm. PMID- 7248547 TI - Influence of chromium (VI) upon stream Ephemeroptera in the pre-Alps. PMID- 7248548 TI - Cadmium toxicity and its effect on the testes of an Australian marsupial (Trichosurus vulpecula). PMID- 7248550 TI - Chlorothalonil equivalents in the blood and urine of rats following oral, endotracheal, and dermal administration of 14C-chlorothalonil. PMID- 7248549 TI - Identification of gamma-chlordene in freshwater fish from the Tama River (Japan). PMID- 7248551 TI - Studies of possible bovine urinary excretion and rumen decomposition of fenvalerate insecticide and metabolite. PMID- 7248552 TI - Disappearance of acephate, methamidophos, and malathion from citrus foliage. PMID- 7248553 TI - Effect of in vivo ozone exposure to dorset sheep, an animal model with low levels of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 7248554 TI - Protocol for measuring the relative toxicity of substance of plant foliage. PMID- 7248555 TI - [Dose response relationships and pharmacologic bronchial challenges (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248556 TI - [Theophylline: pharmacokinetic parameters and determination of an efficient individual dosage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248557 TI - The arousal threshold: sleep deprivation, sleep fragmentation, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. PMID- 7248558 TI - [Pulmonary haemodynamics in chronic bronchitis with little functional impairment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248559 TI - Graphical analysis of the effects of changes in hemoglobin oxygen affinity on myocardial oxygen supply. PMID- 7248561 TI - Towards identifying the susceptible smoker. PMID- 7248560 TI - The single breath nitrogen test in epidemiological surveys; an appraisal. PMID- 7248562 TI - [Measurement of electrical impedances of each lung. Assessment of the technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248563 TI - Enzyme response of cultured endothelial cells to hyperoxia. PMID- 7248564 TI - [Normobaric oxygen toxicity in the adult rat lung: evidence for a non hypoxaemic pulmonary oedema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248565 TI - Natural factors modulating the intervention of activated oxygen in the biosynthesis of prostanoids. PMID- 7248566 TI - Generation and reactivities of various types of oxygen radicals. PMID- 7248567 TI - In vitro toxicity of oxygen and oxygen-paraquat association on alveolar macrophages surviving in gas phase. PMID- 7248568 TI - Activation of oxygen metabolism in polymorphonuclear leucocytes : activity of soluble and membrane bound NADPH and NADH oxidases. PMID- 7248570 TI - Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in conditions of augmented oxidant stress. PMID- 7248569 TI - The nature and function of the microbicidal oxidase system of neutrophils. PMID- 7248571 TI - Intravascular hemolysis in patients with erythrocyte superoxide dismutase deficiency: further evidence for the protective role of superoxide dismutase in aerobic cells. PMID- 7248572 TI - Antioxidant enzymes in platelets of normal and arteriopathic subjects. PMID- 7248573 TI - Cellular hydroperoxide metabolism: the roles of glutathione peroxidases and of catalase in liver. PMID- 7248575 TI - Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in degenerative diseases. PMID- 7248574 TI - Hydroperoxide metabolism in non parenchymal and parenchymal liver cells. PMID- 7248576 TI - Oxygen cytotoxicity in tumour cells. PMID- 7248577 TI - Superoxide dismutase in the treatment of post-radiotherapeutic necrosis and of Crohn's disease. PMID- 7248578 TI - Reactivity of chelated copper with superoxide. PMID- 7248579 TI - Superoxide dismutase and oxygen toxicity. PMID- 7248580 TI - Activities of WHO Pilot Health Centre for Seafarers in Gdynia. PMID- 7248581 TI - Choice of candidates for saturated diving in the light of psychophysiological and psychiatric-neurological examinations. PMID- 7248583 TI - Evaluation of working positions in industrial work by means of electromyography. Part I. Methods. PMID- 7248582 TI - Acoustic and vibrational media aboard ship type B-516 and the state of hearing in the crew. PMID- 7248584 TI - An analysis of the relation between dysphonia in shipyard workers and working in noise. PMID- 7248585 TI - Haemodynamic and humoral diagnostics of arterial hypertension in a dispensatory group of a ship repair yard. PMID- 7248586 TI - Chronic nonspecific diseases of the lungs in grain elevator workers. PMID- 7248587 TI - Alcoholic psychoses in the extreme North area. PMID- 7248589 TI - Survival of Vibrio cholerae in water. PMID- 7248588 TI - Effect in rats of 6-months exposure to formaldehyde, methanol, phenol, ammonium emitted from woodlike set. PMID- 7248590 TI - Resistance of Giardia cysts to physical and chemical agents. PMID- 7248591 TI - Proposed standards for professional health sciences library services in hospitals of New York State. AB - Hospital libraries are considered to be the basic unit of the medical information system. A major statewide effort was begun in 1978 to introduce and support legislation in the New York State Legislature which would encourage hospitals to establish and maintain libraries that meet minimum services standards. Included in this legislation is the concept that the Commissioner of Education in consultation with the Commissioner of Health shall have the power to establish standards for hospital libraries. The Ad Hoc Committee for the Promotion of Hospital Library Services, Western New York Library Resources Council, proposes The Standards for Professional Health Sciences Library Services in Hospitals of New York State to clarify and to strengthen existing hospital library standards. These standards differ specifically from the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals standards in that they place equal and specific emphasis on eleven points: administration, qualifications of library staff, continuing education of library staff, requirement for a library advisory committee, required library services, required library resources, library space requirements, library budget, library network and consortium membership, documentation of library policy, and continued evaluation of the needs of the hospital for library service. Detailed interpretations are provided. An appendix describes the qualifications of a hospital library consultant. PMID- 7248592 TI - National rankings as a means of evaluating medical school library programs: a comparative study. AB - A comparative study was undertaken to assess the reasons for the low rankings received by George Washington University Medical Center library in the Annual Statistics for Medical School Libraries in the United States and Canada. Although internal studies showed the library was successfully satisfying user needs and meeting its primary objectives, the rankings, which include the traditional measures of quality used by accrediting bodies, indicated the contrary. Three hypotheses were postulated to account for the discrepancy. In a matched group of similar libraries: (1) the rankings of an individual library would differ from the national rankings; (2) clustering the variables would change the rankings; and (3) libraries with similar staff size would tend to rank in the same quartile in service and resource variables. All hypotheses were invalidated. Further tests led to the conclusion that the Annual Statistics and other traditional measures of quality are inappropriate and inaccurate methods for evaluating library programs, since they only measure resource allocations and not the effectiveness of those allocations. Alternative evaluation methods are suggested. PMID- 7248593 TI - A study of the health sciences library: its roles in education for the health sciences. AB - The Association of American Medical Colleges, under National Library of Medicine sponsorship, is conducting a study of the academic health sciences library's roles in education for the health professions as these may be affected by changes in health information handling and management. The study's aims, objectives, and methods are described. The study aims to develop guiding principles for the use of academic health center administrators, library administrators, federal agency personnel, and others involved in planning and policy decision making for health sciences libraries. PMID- 7248594 TI - A study of weeding policies in eleven TALON resource libraries. AB - A study was made of the weeding policies and practices of eleven TALON resource libraries. The results indicated that although weeding, or collection evaluation as it is also known, was performed by most of the libraries, few had a written policy. The reasons for weeding and the types of weeding done by the libraries are described. A discussion of the prevalent means of disposition of withdrawn materials and of the obstacles to cooperative weeding is included. PMID- 7248595 TI - Library staff development course. AB - The Moody Medical Library at the University of Texas Medical Branch plans, presents, and evaluates regularly a staff development program for its employees, including librarians and clerical and technical staff. The program's purpose is to provide continuing education for the library staff while concurrently: (1) providing information concerning specific library services and programs; (2) illustrating the interrelationship of the departments and divisions within the library; (3) developing a sense of teamwork and loyalty; and (4) developing job pride. Staff member volunteers teach the various courses. An integral part of the program is an evaluation of the efficacy of its various components using a form developed specifically for this purpose. Participants give the majority of courses an effectiveness rating of 90% or above. PMID- 7248598 TI - Circulation policies, overdues, and fines: results of a survey of academic health sciences libraries. PMID- 7248597 TI - Teaching residents a personal filing system. PMID- 7248596 TI - Evaluating printed health information for consumers. PMID- 7248599 TI - Survey of normal work week, vacation leave, and holiday leave in medical school libraries in the United States. PMID- 7248600 TI - A comparison of two methods of requesting reprints in the behavioral sciences: Request-A-Print and the traditional letter. PMID- 7248601 TI - [How should one understand the concept of atopy today?]. PMID- 7248602 TI - [Therapeutic oncology in Europe: principles of organization and results]. PMID- 7248603 TI - Studies on hysteria-Frau Emmy von N. PMID- 7248604 TI - Transference and countertransference in the analysis of developmental arrests. PMID- 7248606 TI - Inferring object relations from human figure drawings. PMID- 7248605 TI - A sick father and his son. A clinical case and some therapeutic considerations. PMID- 7248608 TI - Music composition. A psychological view. PMID- 7248607 TI - Issues in the supervision of diagnostic testing. PMID- 7248609 TI - Total fitness as a psychiatric hospital program. PMID- 7248612 TI - [Biochemical values in serum of laboratory animals IV. Variation of the biochemical values of rat serum due to the differences of the pretreatments (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248610 TI - [Hygienic chemical studies on plastics (IV). Analysis of 2,4-toluene diamine by high performance liquid chromatography with volutanmetry detector and gas-liquid chromatography wit nitrogen-phosphorus detector (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248611 TI - [Hygienic chemical studies on plastics (V). Migration of acrylonitrile from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer and acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer into various food simulating solvents in long period (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248613 TI - [Antitumor effect of compounds synthesized in the Division of Synthetic Chemistry (IV) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248614 TI - [On the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences standard (Japanese Pharmacopoeia standard) "Cortisone Acetate Reference Standard (control 741)" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248615 TI - [On the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences standard (the Japanese Pharmacopoeia standard) "Ergometrine Maleate Reference Standard (control 751)" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248616 TI - [On the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences standard (the Japanese Pharmacopoeia standard) "Reserpine Reference Standard (control 761)" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248617 TI - [Phthalic acid esters in imported bourbon whisky (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248618 TI - [Studies on the valuation of peroxide value and acid value of mayonnaise, margarine and shortening for establishing food standards (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248620 TI - [On the antibiotic-sensitivity in vitro of Salmonellae isolated from imported meats (III). Results of the isolates in 1976 to 1978 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248621 TI - [Studies on the dissolution test of drugs IV. Results of the dissolution on the commercial preparations of cinnarizine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248619 TI - [Studies on analysis of pesticide residues in foods. XXX. Identification of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) residue in foods and drinking water by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248624 TI - [Studies on indoor air pollution I. The concentration of nitrogen oxides in air in large buildings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248622 TI - [Flora of Tanegashima (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248623 TI - [Radiosterilization of medical products VI. Studies on changes of chemical properties and dialysance of hemodialyzers irradiated by the gamma ray of 60Co, and on the sterilization effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248625 TI - [Experimental study on photosensitized skin lesions to ingestion of chlorella tablet (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248626 TI - [Effects of tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate on the prenatal and postnatal developments of the rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248627 TI - [Oral acute and subchronic toxicity studies for sodium hypochlorite in F-344 rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248628 TI - [Oral subchronic toxicity test for tetramethylthiuram disulfide (Thiram) in F344/DuCrj rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248629 TI - [Studies on the relationship between the pyrogen test and limulus test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248630 TI - [Effect of bacterial pyrogen on plasma concentrations of sulfonamides in rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248631 TI - [Assay of enzyme preparations (I) lysozyme preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248632 TI - [Assay of enzyme preparations (II). Bromelain preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248633 TI - [Alterations of lipid peroxidation and fatty acid composition of liver mitochondria and microsomes from rats in various age groups and carbon tetrachloride-intoxication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248634 TI - [Investigation of the quantitative analytical method for total bromide in cherry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7248635 TI - A multidisciplinary program of infectious disease surveillance along the Transamazon highway in Brazil: epidemiology of arbovirus infections. PMID- 7248638 TI - Animals for medical research and testing. PMID- 7248636 TI - Anthropophilic black flies (diptera:Simuliidae) in the Amazon national park (Tapajos) and their effects on man. PMID- 7248639 TI - Deep mycoses in patients with abnormal chest X ray findings. PMID- 7248637 TI - Family practice in Barbados. PMID- 7248640 TI - Recent developments in the therapy of chromoblastomycosis. PMID- 7248641 TI - Biological insecticides: new weapons against vector-borne diseases. PMID- 7248643 TI - Infant mortality in the Americas. PMID- 7248642 TI - Antibiotic treatment of diarrhea. PMID- 7248646 TI - Atrioventricular block and intraventricular block; analysis by His bundle electrogram and myocardial biopsy. PMID- 7248650 TI - [Electrophysiology of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 7248645 TI - An autopsy case of incomplete acardius acephalus. PMID- 7248644 TI - Simultaneous determination of gallstone structure and composition by using an electron probe X-ray microanalyser. PMID- 7248647 TI - Comparative sensitivity evaluation of AVSEP electrocardiographic monitoring check and Master's double 2 step test in patients with ischemic heart disease and arrhythmias. PMID- 7248649 TI - Elemental distribution in the human colonic epithelial cell as determined by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. PMID- 7248648 TI - The clinical significance of galactose metabolism in the oral galactose tolerance test. PMID- 7248651 TI - [Treatment of chalazion with local corticoid injections]. PMID- 7248652 TI - [Comparative study of mean evoked visual potentials in normal and amblyopic subjects]. PMID- 7248653 TI - [The place of hypophysectomy in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 7248654 TI - [Ophthalmoscopic changes in a patient with Lawrence-Seip syndrome]. PMID- 7248656 TI - [Pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 7248655 TI - [Ophthalmoscopic aspects of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 7248657 TI - Perivascular action of the local anaesthetic, lidocaine, on pial terminal arterioles: direct observations on the microcirculation. AB - Considerable controversy currently exists with respect to whether or not local anaesthetics exert direct action on cerebral arteriolar tone. In situ experiments were therefore undertaken on pial terminal arterioles of rats to determine whether or not perivascular application of lidocaine exerts any action on such cerebral vessels. Vessel size was assessed with an image-splitting television microscope recording system. The vessels studied ranged in size from 25 to 30 micron. Lidocaine was applied in artificial CSF in dosages of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg. Significant dose-dependent dilatation (i.e., 15.7-45.3% increases in lumen sizes) of the pial terminal arterioles was observed. The results are discussed in light of current developments concerning the mechanism whereby local anaesthetics alleviate increased intracranial pressure and cerebral vasospasm. PMID- 7248658 TI - Failure of acetaldehyde or acetate to mimic the splanchnic arteriolar or venular dilator actions of ethanol: direct in situ studies on the microcirculation. AB - The effects of acetaldehyde and sodium acetate on rat mesenteric arterioles (17 25 micron i.d.) and muscular venules (35-50 micron i.d.) were examined in situ, at the microcirculatory level, by use of a high-resolution closed circuit television microscope recording system. Local, intravenous or intra-arterial administration of acetaldehyde (1.8-3600 mumol) and sodium acetate (0.25-250 mumol) to mesenteric arterioles and muscular venules of the anaesthetized rat induced dose-dependent vasoconstriction. Systemic administration of a variety of pharmacological antagonists (i.e., phentolamine, diphenhydramine, methysergide, atropine and indomethacin) did not attenuate or prevent the dose-dependent vasoconstrictor actions of these metabolites of ethanol. Our findings do not support the concept that some or all of the peripheral vasodilator actions of ethanol can be attributed to its metabolites, acetaldehyde and acetate. PMID- 7248659 TI - Biphasic mechanical responses of the guinea-pig isolated ileum to the venom of the marine snail Conus striatus. AB - Venom extract of Conus striatus elicited a rhythmic, transient contraction of the guinea-pig isolated ileum followed by a relaxation at concentrations greater than 1 microgram/ml, which was abolished by tetrodotoxin and a low-Na medium. The contraction induced by the venom was inhibited by atropine but not mecamylamine, whereas the relaxation was not affected by bretylium, guanethidine or phentolamine. These results suggest that the contraction of the ileum induced by the venom is due to the excitation of cholinergic nerves, while the relaxation is mediated through non-adrenergic inhibitory nerves. PMID- 7248660 TI - Mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids: re-evaluation of vascular constriction hypothesis. AB - 1 The question whether constriction of local vessels is essential for the anti inflammatory action of glucocorticoids in carrageenin-induced granulomatous inflammation was studied. 2 The vasodilator prostaglandin E1 injection into the granuloma pouch fluid increased the exudation of plasma protein into the granuloma tissue. 3 Noradrenaline significantly reduced plasma exudation, possibly through alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation. 4 Cortisol and dexamethasone in doses sufficient to inhibit vascular permeability were without effect on the blood content in the granuloma tissue. 5 The results suggest that constriction of local vessels does not play an essential role in the anti-exudative effect of glucocorticoids in chronic proliferation inflammation. PMID- 7248661 TI - The effects of atenolol on spontaneous and reflex activity of the sympathetic nerves in the anaesthetized cat. AB - 1 The reduction in the sympathetic efferent discharge observed after propranolol may be due to either a central or a peripheral effect. The beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, atenolol, is not thought to enter the brain and therefore any reduction in the level of sympathetic efferent discharge observed after atenolol is likely to be mediated peripherally rather than centrally. 2 Cats were anaesthetized with alpha-chloralose and artificially ventilated and a number of variables known to affect the sympathetic nerves were monitored throughout the experiment and maintained within normal limits. Recordings were made from few fibre preparations from the lumber trunk and the renal nerves. Blood pressure was either raised or lowered by the injection of phenylephrine (1-4 microgram/kg) or glyceryl trinitrate (2-20 microgram/kg) and the sympathetic efferent discharge was recorded over a range of blood pressures when the blood pressure was steady. 3 Thirty min after giving atenolol (3 mg/kg) the blood pressure, heart rate and sympathetic efferent discharge were significantly reduced. Atenolol also attenuated the reflex responses of the sympathetic nerves to changes in the blood pressure. 4 It is suggested tht atenolol has its actions on sympathetic nerves at a site outside the CNS and some possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7248662 TI - Effects of divalent and lanthanide ions on motility initiation in rat caudal epididymal spermatozoa. AB - 1 Sperm motility initiation of rat caudal epididymal spermatozoa in vitro has been studied.2 Spermatozoa flushed out from the cauda epididymis with a sodium free medium exhibited a transient motility which decreased progressively. At 40 min, the forward motility was completely suppressed. However, if they were resuspended in a sodium containing medium their motility was completely restored to normal within 15 min.3 This initiation of sperm motility required the presence of extracellular calcium. Maximal stimulation was obtained at a calcium concentration of 10(-3)M. Above this concentration, further increase in calcium produced a fall in motility and at 10(-2)M, motility initiation was completely suppressed.4 The initiation of sperm motility has been shown to depend closely on sodium. Sperm motility initiation alters in a curvilinear fashion with extracellular sodium concentration showing saturation kinetics. High calcium (above 10(-3)M) was found to depress motility initiation induced by sodium, without affecting the apparent affinity constant for sodium.5 The effect of Ca(2+) on sperm motility initiation could be mimicked by Sr(2+) but not by Mg(2+), La(3+) or Eu(3+).6 In the presence of extracellular calcium (1.27 or 2.54 mM), La(3+) and Eu(3+) exerted a dose-dependent inhibition of sperm motility initiation. The IC(50) values for both ions were about 5 x 10(-5)M.7 The possible mechanism of inhibition by lanthanide ions is discussed. PMID- 7248663 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin E1-responsive platelet adenylate cyclase by heparin: a study of the mechanism of inhibition and its relevance to platelet aggregation. AB - 1 Heparin can produce platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo; it has been proposed that this may be due to the reported inhibition of the prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1))-stimulated adenylate cyclase of the platelet by heparin.2 The effect of heparin on the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) response to PGE(1) was measured in intact and broken platelets both in vitro and in platelets obtained from normal subjects during intravenous infusion with herapin.3 In platelet lysates, heparin produced a dose-related inhibition of PGE(1)-stimulated adenylate cyclase. The maximum response to PGE(1) was reduced, with half-maximal inhibition occurring at 3 mug/ml heparin. This inhibition could be prevented by protamine sulphate.4 Heparin did not affect PGE(1)-stimulated cyclic AMP production in intact platelets either in vitro or in platelets taken during the infusion of 5,000iu heparin over 2h to 2 normal volunteers. Similarly, preincubation of platelets with heparin for up to 3h at 37 degrees C did not affect platelet adenylate cyclase.5 The effects of heparin were very similar to those of fluoride on the platelet adenylate cyclase: heparin and fluoride increased basal enzyme activity slightly (3-4 fold) but their effects were not additive; both inhibited the response to PGE(1) by approximately 50% when added directly to the assay and the inhibitory effects of the two were not additive; preincubation of membranes with either heparin or fluoride produced an irreversible state of inhibition.6 As heparin inhibits PGE(1)-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity only in broken platelets, we suggest that the aggregatory effects of heparin are probably independent of any action on cyclic AMP production. PMID- 7248664 TI - Choline acetyltransferase activity in the sympathetic nerves of the rabbit ear artery. AB - 1 No statistically significant difference in the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was detected between sympathetically denervated and control rabbit ear artery (REA) tissue. This was interpreted as evidence against the hypothesis that endogenous acetylcholine plays an obligatory role in sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmission. 2 The values obtained for ChAT activity in the extraneuronal REA tissue were very low, but were greater than the boiled blank values. 3 Treatment with a specific inhibitor of ChAT did not reduce the REA values, while it did for rabbit iris. Addition of acetylcholinesterase to the REA assay reduced the activity of the collectable product to a markedly lesser degree than was observed with other tissues. 4 The specificity of the enzyme assay at the very low yield levels observed in the extraneuronal REA tissue was therefore questioned. PMID- 7248665 TI - Comparison of the actions of U-46619, a prostaglandin H2-analogue, with those of prostaglandin H2 and thromboxane A2 on some isolated smooth muscle preparations. AB - 1 The actions of the prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) analogue, U-46619, have been compared with those of PGH2 on thromboxane A2 (TxA2) on a range of isolated smooth muscle preparations in a superfusion cascade system. 2 U-46619 was a potent agonist on guinea-pig lung strip, dog saphenous vein and rat and rabbit aortae. In contrast, U-46619 was weak or inactive on guinea-pig ileum and fundic strip, cat trachea and dog and cat iris sphincter muscles, preparations on which either PGE2 or PGF2 alpha was the most potent agonist studied. 3 PGH2 was active on all of the preparations and displayed little selectivity. On some of the preparations, the actions of PGH2 may have been mediated indirectly by conversion to other prostanoids. 4 In contrast, TxA2 displayed the same pattern of selectivity as U-46619, being a potent agonist on the lung strip and vascular preparations but weak or inactive on the others. 5 It is suggested that U-46619 is a selective TxA2-mimetic and that it should therefore be a valuable tool in the study of the actions of TxA2. PMID- 7248666 TI - Site of analgesic action of a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug, tolmetin sodium, in rats. AB - 1 The site of the analgesic action of tolmetin sodium was investigated by use of the acetic acid writhing test in rats. 2 Tolmetin sodium was administered to the rat between 15 and 60 min after intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml of a 1% acetic acid aqueous solution. Number of writhing was counted for 20 min beginning from 60 min after acetic acid injection. 3 When the rat was given tolmetin sodium 5 mg/kg orally, a relatively large quantity of tolmetin was found in the peritoneal exudate and there was a rough correlation between anti-writhing activity and the exudate tolmetin content. 4 Anti-writhing ED50 of tolmetin sodium was 1.42 (0.82 2.91) and 92.0 (57.0-140) microgram/kg when given intraperitoneally and intravenously, respectively, and the potency ratio of intraperitoneal to intravenous tolmetin sodium was 40.0 (18.5-80.2). This potency ratio for salicylic acid and morphine hydrochloride was 19.4 and 1.0, respectively. 5 When equipotent doses ( 5 microgram/kg i.p.; 200 microgram/kg i.v.) of tolmetin sodium were administered to the rat, the plasma tolmetin level after the intraperitoneal administration was less than one-fortieth that after the intravenous administration during the counting time of 20 min, while both the peritoneal exudate contents of tolmetin were nearly equal. 6 From these results, it is concluded that the site of anti-writhing action of tolmetin sodium is in the peritoneum and that tolmetin sodium produces its anti-writhing action mainly by a peripheral mechanism in the rat. PMID- 7248669 TI - Constructs and 'conflict' in depression. AB - The relationship between the nature of self-constructs and the level of 'conflict' in depression was discussed. It was hypothesized that depressed patients would have lower self-esteem and a less differentiated self-construct system characterized by a higher level of intensity and a lower percentage of 'conflict' than non-depressed individuals. After drug therapy, it was expected that these differences would diminish - although not entirely - on the grounds that the differences are a more permanent feature of the self-construct system of the depressed-prone individual. A sample of 16 depressed patients (13 in-patients and three out-patients) were given a 'Multiple Perception of the Self' grid at the start of drug therapy. After six/eight weeks of treatment, a further grid was administered and new constructs elicited. A retest grid was administered after a short interval of 12-24 hours. The same procedure was carried out with a group of 16 non-depressed individuals - matched as far as possible for age, sex, intelligence and social class. The results offered strong support for the hypotheses. PMID- 7248667 TI - Theophylline does not affect morphine inhibition of the isolated vas deferens. AB - 1 Adenosine and morphine both produced an inhibition of the electrically-evoked twitch of the isolated superfused vas deferens of the mouse. 2 Theophylline, 10 or 100 muM, reduced the inhibitory action of adenosine but did not change inhibition by morphine. 3 It is suggested that adenosine release is not a necessary prerequisite for morphine inhibition of transmitter release. It is also suggested that the involvement of adenosine may follow activation only by opiate mu-receptors. PMID- 7248670 TI - Immediate free recall in early childhood autism: another point of behavioural similarity with the amnesic syndrome. AB - Autistic children were compared with age and ability matched controls on a test of immediate recall of word lists. Overall performance in the two groups was very similar. However, the overall recall scores were achieved differently by the two groups, the autistic subjects recalled significantly fewer earlier presented items and more later presented items than did controls. This finding is discussed in relation to the memory disabilities of adults suffering from the amnesic syndrome. PMID- 7248671 TI - Left and wrong in adverts: Neuropsychological correlates of aesthetic preference. AB - Twenty left-handed and 20 right-handed subjects were found to differ significantly in their preferences for the left-right arrangement of words and pictures in advertisements. The right-handers preferred the picture to the left of the text, while left-handers had no overall preference, but showed a wider range of individual variation. The results are interpreted as demonstrating an influence of hemispheric specialization on everyday aesthetic preferences. PMID- 7248668 TI - The effects of 4-aminopyridine on the isolated vas deferens and its effects on the inhibitory properties of adenosine, morphine, noradrenaline and gamma aminobutyric acid. AB - 1 Adenosine, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), morphine, noradrenaline, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) phentolamine and amyl nitrite were used to inhibit electrically-evoked contractions of the isolated superfused vas deferens of the mouse. 2 The inhibitory effects of adenosine ATP, morphine, noradrenaline and GABA, which are thought to be due to presynaptic action, were reduced by perfusion with media containing 4-aminopyridine (4AP) or tetraethylammonium (TEA) ions. The inhibitory effects of phentolamine and amyl nitrite were unaffected by 4AP or TEA. 3 Quinidine, which like 4AP and TEA produced some increase to twitch height, did not reduce responses to the various agonists, indicating that an increased muscle contraction was not itself responsible for the reduced responses. 4 It is concluded that antagonism between 4AP and adenosine is not a specific interaction, as had been suggested, but probably reflects an interaction with Ca2+ requiring processes in the presynaptic terminal. PMID- 7248672 TI - Relationships among cognitive complexity, sex, and spatial task performance in college students. AB - This study examined the relationship between object differentiation (spatial ability) and social differentiation (cognitive complexity). Prior research had demonstrated a link between field independence and cognitive complexity, and between field independence and spatial ability. This raises the question whether some unitary cognitive style is involved in both spatial ability and cognitive complexity. The present study used a spatial task (a variation of Piaget & Inhelder's water level task) and several measures of cognitive complexity (the Barron Complexity scale, Intolerance of Ambiguity scale, and measures of self differentiation and differentiation of other persons) to test the prediction that complexity will be positively related to performance on the water level task. On the basis of earlier findings, we also predicted that males would outperform females on the water level task. Thirty-eight male and 98 female undergraduates completed the water level task and the complexity measures. Results confirmed the predictions, except that the relationship between cognitive complexity and performance was different for males than for females. For males, the correlations between scores on the water level task and the several measures of complexity were considerably higher than for females. Such results suggest that for males spatial task performance can be related to a general construct such as cognitive style; for females, this does not appear to be the case. PMID- 7248673 TI - Neuropsychological approaches to the study of reading. AB - This paper describes four syndromes of acquired dyslexia (that is, reading deficits in previously literate adults who have suffered neurological damage); deep dyslexia, surface dyslexia, phonological dyslexia and letter-by-letter reading. The format of the description inquires whether reading performance in each syndrome is (1) sensitive to dimensions of words (such as word length or part of speech), (2) affected by experimental manipulations (such as exposure duration), and (3) relevant to theorectical issues (such as the nature of codes for word recognition in reading). The four patterns of reading impairment seem to relate in an orderly way to these dimensions, manipulations and issues drawn from the literature on normal word recognition and production. Such orderly relationships, it is claimed, favour the position that neuropsychological observations are germane to conceptions of normal reading. PMID- 7248674 TI - Concrete word dyslexia. AB - An experimental investigation of a single patient, CAV, with an acquired dyslexia in which there was a significant impairment in his ability to read concrete words compared with abstract words is reported. CAV's ability to identify single letters and non-words was very impaired. His comprehension of words he could not read was poor and semantic primary effects were demonstrated. His concrete word dyslexia was characterized by a lack of consistency and by a high incidence of visual errors. Both quantitative and qualitative aspects of this hitherto undescribed syndrome are in some respects similar to those described in patients with the complementary syndrome of relative impairment of abstract word reading. It is argued that this concrete word reading deficit provides a further example of category specificity in the organization of the semantic systems subserving reading. PMID- 7248675 TI - Post traumatic ligamentous instability of the wrist. PMID- 7248676 TI - An ergometric analysis of age group swimmers. AB - Thirteen male competitive swimmers (mean age 14.7 years) were studied during maximal exercise on a treadmill, cycle ergometer and biokinetic swim bench. The mean maximal oxygen uptake values elicited (treadmill = 66.5 ml.kg-1 min.-1; cycle ergometer = 61.0 ml.kg.-1 min.-1; biokinetic swimbench = 44.5 ml.kg.-1 min. 1) were higher than those reported elsewhere for children not engaged in intensive training and even when compared with other groups of similarly aged swimmers the values exhibited were some of the highest recorded. The results were directionally similar to those of other studies comparing treadmill and cycle ergometer exercise with the mean maximal oxygen uptake on the cycle ergometer 9% lower than that on the treadmill. There is no other study with which to compare swim bench values but the majority of maximal values were consistently and significantly lower than those achieved on the other ergometers. The swimmers rank within the group was minimally affected by the type of ergometer on which the measurement was made. PMID- 7248677 TI - The effect of pure aerobic training on aerobic and anaerobic capacity. AB - Twenty men (Group I) and twenty-seven men (group II) took part in a 3-week training course. The training was aerobic and consisted of marching and hiking. The intensity of the training regimen in Group II was greater than for Group I. The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) increased significantly in both groups, more in Group II than in Group I, though no significant change was found in anaerobic capacity. It can be concluded that aerobic training cannot induce improvement in anaerobic capacity. PMID- 7248681 TI - Financing a sports injuries service. PMID- 7248683 TI - Medical aspects of sports injuries. AB - The aims of medicine in sport--treatment and prevention of injury of high performance athletes, rehabilitation--and its beneficial effects are considered. The types of sporting injuries are described. Collision and contact sports tend to be characterised by injuries caused by direct or indirect trauma, while athletic injuries tend to result from a variety of factors that, instead of producing excellence as intended, produce injury. The physiological changes in a top-class sportsman may also be characteristic of disease, making diagnosis of injury difficult. The importance of the sportsman's mental attitude is stressed. PMID- 7248680 TI - The injuries service at the Crystal Palace. PMID- 7248678 TI - Half a million hours of rugby football. The injuries. AB - In 30 seasons at Rugby School half a million hours of Rugby football have led to 9,885 injuries, an incidence of 197.7 injuries per 10.000 player hours. This incidence is compared with those from other school games, and with those of other series of Rugby football injuries. The injuries are compared regionally with those of other series, and the more important are listed. PMID- 7248679 TI - Experimental random spot testing for drugs in sportsmen. AB - Twenty-eight active international athletes agreed to be available for random spot urine collections at their homes, places of work and training. Suitable briefed collectors were arranged to conduct the spot collections and forward the specimens for analysis. An average number of 3.4 collections per athlete was made in the 9 month period of the trial. Overall there was a "failure to collect" percentage of 14 during the winter months and 54 during the summer months. The average time interval between initial contact with the athlete and collection was 11 hours 50 minutes. It is concluded that random spot collections of urine from active athletes in training is possible and practical. Improved collection rates could be achieved by additional spot collection at athletic events during the summer and by using regionally based mobile collectors responsible for several athletes. PMID- 7248682 TI - Avulsion fracture of the medical epicondyle of the elbow in a young javelin thrower. PMID- 7248685 TI - Cervical injury in rugby football--a New Zealand survey. AB - In a study of cervical injury in New Zealand rugby football in the years 1973 to 1978 inclusive, 54 cases of injury were identified of which five were fatal. There is no evidence that the incidence of these injuries is increasing. Incomplete figures for the season of 1979/80 include two deaths and 14 cases of permanent cord compression or temporary quadriplegia. The scrum is confirmed as a danger area but the danger occurring during the formation of the scrum is seen to be greater than was previously thought. Young players appear to be particularly vulnerable in scrums. The ruck and maul are danger areas. One-third of the accidents occurred during training or social games. It is concluded that the incidence of injury could be reduced by appropriate player selection, better coaching and amendment of the laws. Since only one player was aware of his danger at the time of his accident, it would seem that coaching with an emphasis on awareness and precautionary measures would be effective in prevention of cervical injury. PMID- 7248684 TI - Sleep and the athlete. AB - Sleep is generally considered to be restorative and the notion of exercise being associated with the changes in subsequent sleep is popular but has only recently been demonstrated. There are several facets of exercise performed that have an influence on sleep. These include the intensity and duration of the exercise, and the interval between the cessation of exercise and sleep onset. Other factors that may alter sleep after exercise are the age and fitness of the subject, and his lean body mass. Most studies on the effect of exercise on sleep can be interpreted as being partially or totally supportive of the restorative theory of sleep function. PMID- 7248687 TI - The contribution of clinical psychology to sports medicine. PMID- 7248688 TI - Glycogen loading: advantages but possible disadvantages. AB - Carbohydrate loading enables an athlete to build up stores of muscle glycogen. Such raised levels increase work times and are therefore of real benefit to long distance runners. It is unclear how frequently the regimen can be repeated with the same advantageous results. There are possible disadvantages in the regimen, and even dangers in older subjects. PMID- 7248689 TI - Immediate management of injuries. AB - Specific injuries are not confined to any particular sport, but regular injury patterns will occur among the players of any given sport. Emphasis is placed on the need for primary treatment facilities, the experience of the attendant, and the importance of a working knowledge of the sport involved. Diagnostic difficulties are described with reference to cervical oral, ocular and other injuries. Immediate and long-term management of injuries to the lower limbs is considered. PMID- 7248686 TI - Prognosis in myocardial infarction--the benefits of exercise as seen in non randomised trials. AB - Previous uncontrolled studies suggest that exercise rehabilitation reduces recurrence rates in post-myocardial infarction patients. Six hundred and ten consecutive post-coronary patients referred to an exercise rehabilitation programme have been followed for an average of 36.5 months (1-8 years). Total deaths amounted to 36 (1.89% p.a.) of which 23 were cardiac deaths, with an annual death rate averaging only 0.85% after the first year of conditioning had been completed. There were also a total of 21 non-fatal recurrences of infarction. comparison has been made with 700 patients enrolled in the Health Insurance Plan of New York. On the basis of smoothed probabilities for the risk factors reported in the New York series, we should have seen 89 deaths (P less than 0.001). Correcting for differences between the two groups (age and number of diabetics) gives a predicted mortality for the Toronto series of 63.5 deaths (3.42% p.a.). This discrepancy in favour of the exercised group is significant in terms of an infinitely large control population (P less than 0.001) and also sample sizes of 610 exercised and 700 control patients (0.01 greater than P greater than 0.001). Unfortunately, formally to prove such a 45% reduction in mortality by way of a randomised control trial would be extremely costly, possibly prohibitively so. PMID- 7248690 TI - The treatment of sports injuries by local injection. AB - Local injections of corticosteroids are frequently employed in the management of soft-tissue injuries. Side effects and contraindications of this treatment are discussed with reference to relevant literature. Indications for steroid therapy are described. PMID- 7248691 TI - Sports injuries and society. AB - Injuries are classified and examples of the ways in which they can arise are given. Treatment, rehabilitation and the value of exercise are considered. A review of the effects of increasing leisure time and sports have been given, the value of legislation, education, protective clothing and close supervision in preventing the occurrence of injuries in sport is discussed. PMID- 7248692 TI - Karate and karate injuries. AB - The origins of karate and its evolution as a sport are described. Karate injuries tend to occur in three main areas: the head and neck, the viscera, and the limbs. Effective legislation controlling karate, which could help prevent injuries, is lacking at the moment and should be established. Recommendations for the prevention of injury include the introduction of weight classes, mandatory provision of protective equipment such as padded flooring, and the outlawing of certain uncontrollable methods of attack. PMID- 7248693 TI - Anterior transperitoneal approach for stone removal in horseshoe kidneys (its advantage for bilateral stones). AB - The anterior transperitoneal approach for removal of stone from a horseshoe kidney is described. The valuable advantages inherent in this technique have been shown in 13 patients, 7 with unilateral calculus and 6 with bilateral calculi, and all with horseshoe kidneys. No urinary leak occurred and the post-operative course was uneventful. The operative field is extensive and a good exposure of both sides of the horseshoe kidney can be obtained, enabling bilateral pyelolithotomy or other conservative renal procedures to be performed. PMID- 7248694 TI - The dilated non-obstructed renal pelvis. AB - This paper discusses 28 patients with renal pelvic dilatation in whom obstruction was excluded by excretion urography and diuresis renography. The clinical presentation and progress of the patients over a follow-up period of 1 to 5 years are presented. One patient required pyeloplasty, one developed 2 asymptomatic pelvic calculi and one showed some deterioration in function on the affected side. The remaining 25 patients remain well and their follow-up renograms show satisfactory renal function and excretion. Before the advent of objective means of assessing renal function and urodynamics, these patients would probably have been subjected to pyeloplasty. The present study confirms that the correct management of the dilated non-obstructed renal pelvis is conservative. PMID- 7248695 TI - Safeguarding the kidney after non-traumatic perirenal haemorrhage. AB - Three cases reports of the unusual condition of spontaneous perirenal haemorrhage are presented and their management discussed. An early accurate diagnosis and a trial of conservative management is suggested rather than emergency surgery which usually results in nephrectomy. PMID- 7248697 TI - Chemical test of phosphates in urinary stones by means of the chromatographic contact print method. AB - The chromatographic contact print method, making use of the ammonium phosphomolybdate-ascorbic acid reaction, is used to detect phosphates and to view their distribution in urinary stones. This sensitive reaction may take place even if phosphates, especially apatite, are present in such small amounts as to be under the confirmation limits of microscopic observation, and X-ray and infrared analyses. PMID- 7248696 TI - Symptomatic renal angiomyolipoma. AB - Two cases of symptomatic renal angiomyolipoma not associated with tuberous sclerosis are presented. The clinical and radiological features, the pathology and the management of these rare but well documented tumours are briefly discussed. They pose problems in diagnosis and controversy still exists regarding their management. Recent radiological techniques such as CT may help in the diagnosis. When conservative surgery is not possible, or when an adenocarcinoma cannot be confidently excluded, nephrectomy should be performed. PMID- 7248698 TI - Carcinoma of the bladder treated by interstitial irradiation. AB - A retrospective study is presented of 180 patients with clinically infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated by interstitial irradiation. The cases were re-classified by clinical tumour extent and histopathological grace according to the UICC (1978) classification. The actuarial survival rates and complications are presented and treatment policy reviewed. PMID- 7248700 TI - Microangiography of the bladder in health. PMID- 7248699 TI - Genesis of papillary tumours: histological and microangiographic study. AB - The technique developed to study the microangiography of healthy bladders has been applied to study the known vagaries of papillary tumours their associated changes and their genesis. Epithelial hyperplasia (reactive hyperplasia), which develops as a from mucosal self-defence, is a general, non-specific tissue response to an adverse environment. The conversion of reactive hyperplasia into reactive autonomy represents the neoplastic process. The growth of abnormal arteries precedes the development of tumours. A papillary tumour results from a symbiotic growth relationship between such an abnormal artery and the overlying normal or hyperplastic epithelium. All known vagaries of papillary tumours have been studied. PMID- 7248702 TI - Intravenous urography in the follow-up of carcinoma of the bladder. AB - A urographic survey of 250 patients being followed for bladder cancer revealed 3 unsuspected ureteric tumours and 18 cases of ureteric obstruction. The tumours occurred in patients always affected by bladder recurrence and the obstructions were largely due to treatment of paraureteric bladder tumours by cystodiathermy or radiotherapy. Regular follow-up intravenous urography is therefore unnecessary except in patients with frequent recurrences, but we advocate radionuclide renography as an essential, inexpensive screening test to rule out ureteric obstruction following the treatment of paraureteric tumours. PMID- 7248703 TI - Hyperoxaluria following glycine irrigation for transurethral prostatectomy. AB - Thirty-four patients were studied following transurethral prostatectomy with glycine irrigation during and soon after the operation. Three cases developed hyponatraemia and this was accompanied by severe hyperoxaluria with raised urinary glycolate. This could be a hazard if urinary volume were allowed to fall. PMID- 7248701 TI - Urinary continence in children with neurogenic bladders. AB - Seventy-three children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction were assessed for urinary continence over periods ranging from 6 months to 4 years. Acceptable continence was achieved in 35 (48%), the majority by means of intermittent clean catheterisation, usually with drug manipulation. Two children had tobe diverted purely for intractable incontinence. A plan of management for children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction is described. PMID- 7248704 TI - The management of transitional cell carcinoma in the prostate. AB - Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare tumour. A review of 318 patients with carcinoma of the prostate presenting to this hospital in the 5 years between April 1974 and April 1979 revealed 7 patients with transitional cell carcinoma arising within the prostate. Two of these had previously been treated for a transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. These prostatic tumours are usually poorly differentiated and carry a poor prognosis. Early radical surgery, however, achieved a good result in one of our patients. Other forms of treatment were ineffective and a review of the literature revealed that this was also the experience of others. We suggest that cystoprostatectomy should be considered as an early form of treatment. PMID- 7248706 TI - Radionuclide studies of the lower urinary tract. AB - The results of prospective experimental and clinical studies into the use of radionuclides in the evaluation of urinary flow rates and residual urine volume estimations are presented. The results indicate that the radionuclide estimation of flow rates is accurate, but complex and time-consuming compared with other available methods. The calculation of residual urine is simple and accurate where residual volumes are not extremely large. The opportunity for such lower tract studies after renography should not be missed where clinically appropriate, and the combined upper and lower tract studies provide a useful quantitative urological profile. PMID- 7248705 TI - The use of cooled irrigating fluid for transurethral prostatic resection. AB - Forty patients selected for transurethral prostatic resection (TUR) were randomly allocated to one of 2 groups. Irrigating fluid used in the first group of 20 patients was cooled to a constant 8 degrees C; in the second group fluid at ambient temperature was used. Measurements were made of the volume of irrigating fluid used and haemoglobin loss during and after operation; the weight of resected tissue and its histological appearance were also studied. The core temperature of each patient was monitored throughout the operation. Significantly less irrigating fluid was used in the group receiving cooled fluid. Although per operative and post-operative haemoglobin loss was also markedly reduced in this group, the difference failed to achieve statistical significance. The clarity of the operative field was considerably improved by the use of cooled fluid. PMID- 7248707 TI - Unheralded urinary tract infection in the male. A clinical and urodynamic assessment. AB - Fifty adult males presenting with unheralded single or recurrent urinary tract infections, but without prior urinary symptoms or disorders, were investigated by appropriate urodynamic techniques. Pressure/flow videocystography revealed significant underlying lower urinary tract abnormalities in 40 cases (80%) compared with only 11 (22%) whose abnormalities were also demonstrated by standard intravenous urography or endoscopy. We suggest that videocystography is the most efficient diagnostic procedure for these cases in a specialist unit but recommended the intravenous urodynamogram as a simpler screening test for general use. PMID- 7248709 TI - Capillary haemangioma of male urethra. PMID- 7248710 TI - Three polypoid colorectal tumours associated with different types of ureterocolic implantation. PMID- 7248708 TI - An evaluation of the HCG stimulation test in the investigation of male infertility. AB - Of 159 patients being investigated at the infertility clinic during 1978, 31 agreed to undergo than human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) stimulation test. Twenty-one of these patients exhibited varying degrees of oligozoospermia and their response to HCG, measured by a rise in serum testosterone, was not significantly different from that of the remaining patients who had normal sperm counts. Endocrine function of the testes appears to be unaltered even in patients with severely impaired tubular function. It is concluded that assessment of Leydig cell function is of no value in the routine investigation of male fertility. PMID- 7248712 TI - Contrast filling of cysts in Potter type III adult polycystic kidney disease by retrograde pyelography. PMID- 7248711 TI - Bilateral retroperitoneal xanthogranuloma. PMID- 7248713 TI - The place of prolonged bladder distension in the treatment of bladder instability and other disorders. A review after 7 years. PMID- 7248714 TI - Proximal gastric vagotomy in stenosed or perforated duodenal ulcer. AB - Thirty-five patients suffering from stenosed or perforated duodenal ulcer, who were submitted to surgical treatment in the form of proximal gastric vagotomy, are presented. There were no deaths in the series and the results were considered to be very good in the cases of perforation, whereas a high incidence of poor results (27 per cent) occurred in the cases of stenosis submitted to a proximal gastric vagotomy combined with digital dilatation of the pylorus. PMID- 7248715 TI - Hyperparathyroidism in peptic ulcer patients. AB - The high incidence of peptic ulcers and abdominal pain from other causes in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism has been recognized for many years. This paper reports 20 patients with hyperparathyroidism: 12 with peptic ulcers and 8 with abdominal pain from other causes. Only in a minority of these was the diagnosis of hypercalcaemia made as a result of a deliberately sought assay; in most the plasma calcium had been measured as part of a 'screening' procedure with a multichannel analyser. In almost all of the patients who had parathyroid surgery the abdominal symptoms were completely relieved. We urge that plasma calcium assays should be made in all patients with dyspepsia particularly those with recurrent symptoms. PMID- 7248716 TI - High bile duct cancer: incidence and pattern of investigation in the General Hospital setting. AB - Between 1 April 1977 and 30 November 1979, 16 cases of high bile duct carcinoma presented at North Tees District Hospital, giving an incidence of one per 40000 population per annum for Teesside. Results of this prospective study emphasize the potential accuracy of preoperative assessment using techniques which should be available in a district general hospital. Ultrasound revealed the site of obstruction in every patient in whom it was used (n = 13), and often indicated a neoplastic aetiology (n = 10). Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) correctly demonstrated the site of obstruction in each patient and suggested a primary bile duct carcinoma in 12 patients. Although intraoperative cholangiography gave additional information in some patients, it was not sufficiently reliable to dispense with either PTC or ERC. Histological proof of a primary bile duct carcinoma was obtained in 15 patients. In the 10 patients without obvious metastatic disease frozen section analysis was positive in 7, but was negative in 3 patients with multiple strictures where malignant cells were relatively infrequent and were found in the perineural lymphatics on paraffin sections. In this difficult group of patients the approach described eliminates the possibility of a false negative laparotomy, enables careful planning of the necessary surgical technique and also the consideration of nonoperative management. PMID- 7248717 TI - Identification of risk factors for acute pancreatitis from routine radiological investigation of the biliary tract. AB - The size and shape of gallstones, the diameter of the common bile duct and the presence of reflux into the pancreatic duct were studied by examining routine contrast investigations of the biliary tract in 174 patients with gallstones. Patients were divided into two groups: 69 who had been admitted to hospital with an attack of acute pancreatitis (group 1) and 105 patients with gallstones who had not had a known attack of pancreatitis (group 2). Four or more gallstones were present in 38 (78 per cent) of 49 visualized gallbladders in group 1 compared with 45 (52 per cent) of 87 in group 2 (P less than 0.005). The smallest gallbladder stone was less than 4 mm in diameter in 69 per cent of group 1 and 44 per cent of group 2 gallbladders (P less than 0.005). Twenty-nine per cent of gallbladder stones in group 1 were clearly faceted compared with 20 per cent in group 2. There were no significant differences in the diameter of the common bile duct or the presence of stones in the common bile duct, although the latter were more common in group 1. Reflux of contrast into the pancreatic duct (on operative or T tube cholangiogram) was more common in group 1 (50 per cent) than group 2 (25 per cent) (P less than 0.025). This study supports the role of numerous small stones and a 'common channel' at the ampulla as aetiological factors in patients who develop acute pancreatitis as a complication of gallstones. PMID- 7248718 TI - Massive hepatobiliary ascariasis in childhood. AB - Migration of one or two worms into the biliary tree is a well-known complication of Ascaris lumbricoides infestation of the intestine. Massive infestation of the bile ducts and liver is uncommon, often difficult to diagnose and leads to complications if not promptly and effectively treated. PMID- 7248719 TI - Obstructive jaundice caused by an intrapancreatic hydatid cyst. PMID- 7248720 TI - The surgical treatment of the radiation-damaged rectum. AB - Details are given of 37 consecutive patients with radiation damage to the rectum. Twenty-eight presented with rectovaginal fistulas, 3 with haemorrhage from ulcerative proctitis, 3 with low rectal strictures, 2 with a painful rectal ulcer and 1 with a rectal carcinoma. Thirty-five of the 37 had been treated for carcinoma of the cervix, and of these, 30 were Black South African women in whom this disease forms approximately 70 per cent of all malignancies. Associated pathology in these patients included urinary fistulas, small bowel fistulas or stenoses and a variable degree of fibrosis of the pelvic cellular tissue. Treatment involved subtotal rectal resection with restoration of continuity by means of a peranal sleeve anastomosis between healthy colon and the rectal stump denuded of its mucosa. Technical success was achieved in 35 of the 37 patients, with no mortality. The functional results were assessed both subjectively and objectively in 31 patients followed up for more than 6 months. Full continence was achieved in 54 per cent initially, improving to 75 per cent (21 of 28) at 1 year postoperatively. At 1 year, variable degrees of incontinence for a liquid stool persisted in 7 of 9 patients who had low fistulas with a low anastomosis at dentate line level. Where anastomosis was possible at a higher level, all 19 patients cured of fistula, ulcer, stenosis or haemorrhagic proctitis were fully continent at 1 year. PMID- 7248721 TI - Kimura's disease with salivary gland involvement. AB - Fourteen cases of Kimura's disease involving parotid and submandibular glands in Chinese patients are described to draw attention to this unique lesion which has been reported mainly in the Chinese and Japanese literature. Blood eosinophilia is almost always present, there is a male preponderance and the aetiology is unknown. Surgical excision is recommended though irradiation and steroid therapy have also been used. PMID- 7248722 TI - Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of subcutaneous abscesses. AB - Pus from 84 patients with subcutaneous abscesses was examined for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria: organisms were recovered from 70 (83.3 per cent). In 13 no organisms were seen in the Gram-stained smears and the cultures showed no bacterial growth. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent organism (n = 44), isolated in 43 in pure culture, in marked contrast to the anaerobic organisms which almost invariably were associated with mixed cultures. All patients were treated by the primary suture method. Half of them were not given preoperative antibiotics and 3 developed bacteraemia and 1 septicaemia. Blood isolates were of S. aureus of the same phage type as pus isolates. The other patients received one infection of 300 mg of clindamycin phosphate 30 min to 1 h before surgery. From this group only one patient, with a perianal abscess, developed Escherichia coli bacteraemia. The levels of clindamycin in the abscess aspirate were inhibitory for S. aureus, bacteroides, streptococci and other Gram-positive bacteria but not for E. coli. PMID- 7248723 TI - Muscular abnormalities affecting the popliteal vessels. AB - Forty-five cases in 33 patients of congenital muscular abnormalities causing vascular compression in the popliteal fossa are reported. Three main types of abnormality were distinguished. In the first, one muscle, either the medial head of gastrocnemius or the plantaris, is abnormal. In the second, both these muscles contribute to the problem, whereas in the third type, the semi-membranosus also is abnormal. In some cases an abnormal course of the popliteal vessel(s) is also found. With only a few exceptions, cases reported in the literature fit into this classification. Twelve patients in this series were affected bilaterally but only 5 had the same anatomy in both legs. In only 14 instances, either with thrombosis or with characteristic shifting of the artery, was routine arteriography sufficient for diagnosis; loss of distal pulses during active plantar flexion was necessary in the majority to demonstrate the abnormality. It is suggested that the condition is more common than has been thought. PMID- 7248724 TI - High colloidal uptake in axillary nodes with metastatic disease. AB - Axillary lymphoscintigraphy using 99Tcm antimony sulphide colloid has been carried out in 29 patients with suspected breast cancer and was correlated with histology. Of the 23 with proved tumour, axillary node metastases were found in 19 and, although 10 did have diminished uptake on the side of the lesion, 5 had an equal uptake in both sides and 4 had an increased uptake on the side of the lesion. Further, some of the nodes in which the high uptake had occurred were those heavily infiltrated by tumour. It is concluded that: a, lymphoscintigraphy with antimony sulphide colloid is not a reliable technique for the detection of metastatic disease in the regional nodes; b, any lymphoscintigraphy with this or any other agent requires more meticulous histological correlation than hitherto before it can be assumed to have any proved clinical value. PMID- 7248725 TI - The solitary thyroid nodule. AB - In a 4-year period the solitary thyroid nodule was the most common form of thyroid pathology seen in the surgical section of a thyroid clinic. The cold thyroid nodule was the most frequent type of solitary nodule and half of these were unilocular cysts which were treated by aspiration and sclerotherapy. Cytological examination of the aspirated fluid revealed no evidence of malignant cells. Emphasis is placed on recommending operation if aspiration fails to cause the mass to disappear. PMID- 7248726 TI - Accuracy of oesophageal brush cytology: results of a prospective study and multicentre slide exchange. AB - The value of brush cytology has been assessed in the diagnosis of 101 oesophageal strictures in a department with no previous experience of oesophageal cytology. Cytological specimens obtained using a brush gave a correct diagnosis in 86 per cent of 36 malignant strictures with only 2 false negatives; when combined with biopsy, accuracy rose to 92 per cent. Of 65 benign strictures examined there were 3 false positives. In a series of test slides sent to 11 other hospitals the average false negative diagnosis was 4 per cent and false positive 3 per cent. Four of the centres had little previous experience and only two had extensive experience in oesophageal cytology. Therefore, brush cytology as a proved aid to the accurate diagnosis of oesophageal malignancy is within the capability of most pathology departments and should be used more widely. PMID- 7248727 TI - Operative cholangiography or extraductal palpation: an analysis of 418 cholecystectomies. PMID- 7248728 TI - A slowly growing poorly differentiated carcinoma of the caecum. PMID- 7248730 TI - Raynaud's phenomenon and blood viscosity. PMID- 7248729 TI - A modified cutting loop for electroresection of rectal tumours. PMID- 7248731 TI - The use of blood chemistry in monitoring the health of farm livestock. PMID- 7248732 TI - Plasma biochemical parameters in castrated rams on testosterone. PMID- 7248733 TI - Accidental introduction of porcine parvovirus and Talfan virus into a group of minimal disease gilts and their effects on reproduction. PMID- 7248734 TI - The feeding of stored bovine colostrum to calves. PMID- 7248736 TI - Relationship of prostaglandin F2 alpha to cystic ovarian follicles in the sow. PMID- 7248737 TI - Thoughts on the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease. PMID- 7248735 TI - Colostrum and serum immunoglobulin levels in Jersey cattle. PMID- 7248738 TI - Has it been poisoned? PMID- 7248739 TI - Methods of approach to the diagnosis and resolution of pig health problems. PMID- 7248740 TI - Thalamic afferents to the visual cortex in the cat studied by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - Thalamic projections to visual areas 17, 18 and 19, neighboring suprasylvian cortex have been studied using the HRP method. Area 17 receives fibers mostly from the main laminae of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (GLd). Area 18 receives inputs mainly from the central and medial interlaminar nuclei (NIC, NIM), and partly from laminae of GLd. Area 19 receives fibers principally from lamina B (C1-C2) and NIM of GLd. In addition, areas 17, 18 and 19 receive a few fibers from extrageniculate thalamic nuclei, particularly the pulvinar and intralaminar nuclei. PMID- 7248742 TI - Coincidental relationship of activity in the sympathetic ganglioglomerular nerve innervating the carotid bifurcation with the intracarotid systolic pulses. AB - The innervation of the carotid bifurcation by the ganglioglomerular nerve originating from the superior cervical ganglion has brought about the idea that the baroreceptor function is under efferent control. Provided that the efferent activity coincides with the systolic pulse, the receptor elements may be influenced at this critical moment. Therefore, the coincidental relationship was investigated between the efferent sympathetic bursts of the ganglioglomerular nerve and the intracarotid systolic pressure rise. It was found that the bursts appear regularly before pressure rises and continue for the ensuing 160-220 msec. The bursts onset varied greatly depending on the R-R interval. On the contrary, the burst cessation occurred with a constant delay following systolic pressure rise. The single burst duration was found to be modulated by the rhythm of respiration and altered by hemorrhage, but the coincidence remained consistent. It is, therefore, concluded that the temporal prerequisite exists which enables the baroreceptor to be influenced by sympathetic control just at the moment when systolic pulse affects the carotid baroreceptor. PMID- 7248741 TI - Localization of cutaneously elicited climbing fiber responses in lobule V of the monkey cerebellum. AB - The somatotopic organization of climbing fibers (CF) elicited by natural stimulation was determined for the intermediate zone of lobule V of Macaca fascicularis. In monkeys anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, extracellular recordings of single Purkinje cells with CF responses were evaluated by gentle taps to the body and by computer-controlled punctate stimuli. Of the 311 Purkinje cells studied, 53% had CF responses elicited by cutaneous stimulation whereas the remaining cells were unresponsive. The entire ipsilateral, dorsal surface of the forelimb, face, and the oral cavity were represented in the intermediate zone. The topographic organization consisted of three 1.5-3 mm wide parasagittal bands of cells: a forelimb band medially, then a face band, and an unresponsive zone laterally. Most receptive fields in the forelimb band involved portions of the wrist, hand, and digits, although shoulder, arm, and forearm were also represented. The receptive fields of the hand usually included more than 1 digit and only a few fields contained the thumb. Most responses in the face band were elicited by stimulation of areas innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, although some responses were produced by stimulating areas related to the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions and to the anterior cutaneous nerve. Cells with similar receptive fields tended to be grouped together. The somatotopic CF organization of the monkey differed in many ways from the arrangement in the cat. PMID- 7248743 TI - Methysergide and supraspinal inhibition of the spinal transmission of nociceptive information in the anaesthetized cat. PMID- 7248744 TI - Postsynaptic inhibition of primate spinothalamic neurons by stimulation in nucleus raphe magnus. PMID- 7248746 TI - Lateral spread of adaptation in the receptive field surrounds of cat retinal ganglion cells. PMID- 7248747 TI - Simulation of the neural activity underlying a short-term modification of inking behavior in aplysia. AB - Carew and Kandel (1977) found that weak stimuli to the head or siphon fail to elicit the release of ink. When paired with each other, however, the second of the two leads to the release of ink. The present paper quantifies and simulates the neural events which underlie this short-term modification of the behavior. Noxious stimuli to the intact animal were mimicked by delivering trains of electrical stimuli to the connectives (conditioning input) and siphon nerve (test input) which drive the ink gland motor neurons located within the abdominal ganglion. Estimates of the synaptic conductance and equilibrium potential during the conditioning and test inputs were made and used to drive a previously developed Hodgkin-Huxley model of the ink motor neurons. The experimental and simulated results are in good agreement. Activation of one stimulus pathway augments or facilitates the ability of the other pathway to fire the ink motor neurons. The behavioral modification is causally related to a sustained synaptic current activated by the conditioning stimulus. PMID- 7248745 TI - Late spreading of excitation in the lateral geniculate nucleus following visual deafferentation is independent of the size of retinal lesions. AB - Late spreading of excitation occurs in the lateral geniculate nucleus following partial retinal lesions. The extent of spreading remained the same when reducing the size of the lesions to one fifth. This is incompatible with the idea that the spreading could be caused by displacement of normal cells into the deafferented area as a consequence of transneuronal volume reduction. PMID- 7248748 TI - Do spindle afferents monitor joint position in man? A study with active position holding. AB - The activity of human spindle afferents from finger extensor muscles has been studied during voluntary position holding at two finger positions, to disclose any explicit monitoring of muscle length. The results indicate that, taken as groups, neither primary nor secondary afferents show explicit position responses during active position tracking. Thus any contribution from muscle spindle to position sense must be derived from other components in spindle afferent discharge. PMID- 7248749 TI - The magnitude of post-reinforcement EEG synchronization (PRS) in cats reflects learning ability. AB - Electrocortical alpha-like activity, termed post-reinforcement synchronization (PRS), observed during operantly behavior, was quantified in 25 cats and plotted against the number of training sessions required for each to learn to press a lever for milk reward. A significant correlation (r = 0.77; P less than 0.001) was found between PRS magnitude and learning ability. The time required for learning correlated with the amount of perseveration in partially reinforced, i.e. ineffective, behavioral modes. PMID- 7248750 TI - Local cerebral blood flow after microwave exposure. AB - Experiments were performed which demonstrate that low power, pulsed microwave exposure induces a significant increase in local cerebral blood flow within the brain of the conscious rat. Previous studies purporting to examine changes in brain vascular permeability induced by microwave radiation must be re-evaluated in the light of these observed changes in blood flow. PMID- 7248752 TI - Effects of an epinephrine synthesis inhibitor, SKF64139, on the secretion of luteinizing hormone in ovariectomized female rats. AB - In order to test the involvement of central epinephrine systems in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, the epinephrine synthesis inhibitor. SKF64139, was administered to ovariectomized rats treated with ovarian hormones. This agent significantly decreased resting LH concentrations in ovariectomized, hormonally untreated rats and completely suppressed the stimulatory feedback effects of estrogen plus progesterone. In these animals, hypothalamic concentrations of epinephrine, but not norepinephrine or dopamine, were significantly decreased. It is suggested that brain epinephrine may participate in the neural control of LH secretion in rats. PMID- 7248751 TI - Voltage clamp study of cat spinal motoneurons during strychnine-induced seizures. AB - Cat spinal motoneurons were examined by the technique of somatic voltage clamp during strychnine-induced spinal seizures. No clear alteration of voltage dependent ionic currents was required in order for typical strychnine-induced paroxysmal depolarization shifts (PDSs) to develop in contrast to results previously obtained during penicillin-induced spinal seizures. Voltage clamp of evoked and spontaneous PDSs indicates these are generated by a synchronized mixture of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents wih excitation predominating. PMID- 7248753 TI - beta-Endorphin-induced hyperglycemia is mediated by increased central sympathetic outflow to adrenal medulla. AB - Synthetic human beta-endorphin increased plasma glucose concentration when administered intracisternally in chronically cannulated, conscious, unrestrained, adult male rats. This hyperglycemic effect of beta-endorphin was blocked by prior systemic administration of naloxone, supporting mediation of the effect at opioid receptors in brain. Adrenal denervation blocked the beta-endorphin-induced increase in plasma glucose, supporting a thesis that this effect is mediated at least in part by increased epinephrine secretion. The hyperglycemic response to intracerebral beta-endorphin was also blocked by either intracerebral hemicholinium-3 or somatostatin, supporting both a cholinergic link and a somatostatin neuron in the brain mechanism regulating endorphin-induced stimulation of sympathetic outflow. PMID- 7248754 TI - In vitro cellular adaptation of serotonergic processes after chronic central phenobarbital administration. PMID- 7248755 TI - Characteristics of the ipsilateral movement-related neuron in the motor cortex of the monkey. AB - The characteristics of the precentral neuron activity related to ipsilateral movements were studied while the monkey was performing finger, wrist and arm movements on either side. Out of 197 task-related neurons, 134 discharged in association with contralateral movements, but not with any one of 3 ipsilateral movements. Fifty neurons discharged with bilateral movements. Thirteen neurons discharged in association with ipsilateral movements (ipsi-neurons). Ten were recorded from the trunk or shoulder area of the motor cortex and were accompanied by contraction of those muscles by intracortical stimulation (ICS). The remaining 3 were related to elbow or wrist, but no ipsi-neurons were related to finger muscle contractions. In ipsilateral task performance, 7 ipsi-neurons discharged in association with finger and/or wrist movements in addition to arm movement. Five others were associated with arm movement. The last one discharged with wrist movement. Most of the units showed similar response to contralateral movement. Ipsi-neurons were classified into two groups. One group was recorded around the sulcus precentralis superior, had the lower threshold current and was mostly associated with finger, wrist and arm movements. The other was recorded in the rostral motor cortex, and had the higher threshold current and was related to arm movement. Among 185 neurons to which pyramidal tract stimulation was delivered, 2 out of the 80 PTNs and 11 out of the 105 non-PTNs were ipsi-neurons. EMGs were recorded from various muscles involved in the forelimb movements. Arm and finger muscles showed no activity when the monkey used the ipsilateral hand, while most of the shoulder and trunk muscles showed tonic or moderate transient changes in the activity during the ipsilateral tasks. The ipsi-neuron activity was discussed in consideration with EMGs. PMID- 7248757 TI - The nigro-tectal pathway. An electrophysiological reinvestigation in the rat. AB - Controversial data have been reported concerning the effect induced by stimulation of substantia nigra (SN) on the cells of the ipsilateral superior colliculus (SC) in the rat. Stimulation applied within SN activates not only the nigral neurons but also fibers passing through and in the vicinity of SN, especially those of cerebral peduncle (Ped) and optic tract (OT). The effect of SN stimulation has therefore been reinvestigated on two types of preparation: firstly in animals whose Ped--OT fibers were transected rostral to SN; and secondly in rats whose nigral cells destroyed by kainic acid injection. In normal animals, SN stimulation induced both inhibitory and excitatory responses in SC cells. After transection of Ped--OT fibers, SN stimulation no longer induced excitatory but only inhibitory effects. This observation clearly demonstrates that the nigro-tectal pathway is inhibitory. The excitatory responses observed in normal rats are related to activation of Ped--OT fibers at the level of SN. Indeed these excitations induced by SN stimulation still persist in kainic acid lesioned animals. Moreover, stimulation of Ped--OT fibers applied rostral to SN also produce these excitatory effects on SC cells. On the other hand, Ped--OT stimulation not only induces excitations but also inhibitory responses. These latter effects can still be evoked by SN stimulation after kainic acid induced loss of nigral cells. In conclusion the SC receives both excitatory and inhibitory input from Ped--OT fibers and only inhibitory input from nigral cells. This inhibitory nigral control is mainly exerted on cells of intermediate and deep collicular layers. PMID- 7248756 TI - The direct effect of reserpine in vitro on prolactin release from rat anterior pituitary glands. AB - Anterior pituitary glands from normal untreated rats synthesize and release the hormone prolactin (Prl) during incubation under in vitro conditions. Addition of dopamine (DA) greatly inhibits the release of Prl and to a lesser extent reduces Prl synthesis. When pituitary glands are incubated in the presence of reserpine, there is a similar significant dose-related inhibition of Prl release. This effect persists even in the presence of a DA antagonist (haloperidol) and after the depletion of hypothalamic amines by in vivo treatment with reserpine. Reserpine in vitro also inhibits release of newly synthesized growth hormone from the pituitary glands of male rats; however, this is not observed when female rats are studied. We conclude that the direct effect of reserpine to inhibit Prl release is apparently independent of any interaction with catecholamine systems and is mediated by other, presently undefined mechanisms. PMID- 7248758 TI - High resolution radioautography of central dopaminergic fibers labelled in vitro with [3H]dopamine or [3H]norepinephrine. AB - An original method is reported for the radioautographic visualizing of dopaminergic axons terminals in the rat central nervous system. This method is based on an in vitro labelling with either tritiated norepinephrine or dopamine under conditions of specificity previously established by fluorescence histochemistry. The immobilization of [3H]catecholamines in their sites of uptake and storage during post-fixation for electron microscopic processing was ensured by the use of osmic acid vapours instead of osmic acid solution. Selective labelling of the dopaminergic fibers may be achieved throughout large brain sections and the technique should be applicable to human biopsy material. PMID- 7248759 TI - [3H]Spiperone binding sites in brain: autoradiographic localization of multiple receptors. AB - [3H]Spiperone ([3H]SP) binding sites were localized by light microscopic autoradiography, after in vitro labeling. The kinetic and pharmacological characteristics of these binding sites were studied in slide-mounted sections of rat forebrain, and optimal labeling conditions were defined. Autoradiograms were obtained by apposing emulsion-coated coverslips to labeled sections. Differential drug sensitivity allowed the selective displacement of [3H]SP from dopamine receptors by ADTN, from serotonin receptors by cinanserin, from both by haloperidol and from unique spiperone sites by unlabeled spiperone. The various sites presented a differential anatomical localization. For example, only dopaminergic sites were found in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb; only serotonergic sites were found in lamina IV of the neocortex, and a high concentration of unique spiperone sites was found in parts of the hippocampus. PMID- 7248760 TI - Non-dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. AB - The nigrostriatal projection was studied with a retrograde tracing method (Evans blue, EB) combined with a technique for dopamine histofluorescence. The study, realized in control rats and in animals with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the dopaminergic pathway, yielded the following results. (1) In 3 control rats injected with 0.1 microliter of a 10% solution of EB in the center of the caudate putamen 1 mm anterior to the globus pallidus, 96% of all substantia nigra neurons retrogradely labelled with the dye contained dopamine fluorescence. The remaining ones (average 350 per brain) were devoid of dopamine fluorescence and predominantly found in the posterior 75% of the substantia nigra. These last cells were confined to the upper-half of the pars reticulata. (2) In a series of 6 animals, the cytotoxic agent 6-hydroxydopamine was injected in various locations in the vicinity of either the substantia nigra or the nigrostriatal tract 12--15 days prior to the injections of 0.1 microliter of EB in the same striatal locations as in the controls. Despite a reduction of up to 85% in the number of dopaminergic cell bodies, the substantia nigra of these rats contained the same average number of EB-labelled neurons devoid of dopamine fluorescence. (3) Eight rats received smaller injections (0.1 microliter) of EB in various striatal sites and in two further cases such injections were placed in the globus pallidus to determine more accurately the anatomical location of the dopamine negative nigral neurons retrogradely labelled with the dye. Following the striatal injections, these cells were found mostly in the upper-half of the pars reticulata and were arranged in longitudinal oriented clusters whose mediolateral location depended on the striatal injection site. Following the pallidal injections, retrogradely labelled neurons devoid of dopamine fluorescence were found in greater numbers and were located in all areas of the pars reticulata. The possibility of retrograde labelling of some nigrothalamic neurons was not entirely ruled out in these two cases. (4) Finally 6 rats received 0.1 microliter injections of EB in various parts of the parietal cortex. In these cases the substantia nigra did not contain any EB-positive dopamine-negative neurons. These results are interpreted as evidence in support of the existence of a topographically organized non-dopaminergic nigrostriatal projection. PMID- 7248761 TI - Vasopressin may mediate febrile convulsions. AB - The possibility that arginine vasopressin (AVP) is involved in the etiology of febrile convulsions was investigated by experiments on hyperthermia-induced convulsions in rats. Homozygous Brattleboro rats, which genetically lack AVP, and Long Evans rats, which were passively immunized by intracerebroventricular anti AVP antiserum, either convulsed at higher body temperatures than untreated Long Evans rats or did not convulse at all. This indicates that a lack of AVP increases the threshold for the convulsions. High blood levels of AVP in hyperthermic convulsing rats compared to hyperthermic non-convulsive rats support the hypothesis that AVP may mediate febrile convulsions. PMID- 7248762 TI - Conspecific odor preferences of male albino rats are reversed by intracerebral 6 hydroxydopamine. AB - The odor of pine shavings from the nest of a female and her litter attracted sexually experienced male Sprague-Dawley rats tested in a two-choice situation. The preference persisted after surgery in controls treated with bilateral intracerebral injections of saline-ascorbic vehicle into the vicinity of the ascending noradrenergic bundle. In contrast, 7 out of 8 animals receiving bilateral injections of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), preferred the odor of clean pine to pine nest odor after surgery, indicating preference reversal. 6-hydroxydopamine also reduced olfactory cortex norepinephrine (NE) concentrations by 85%. Pretreatment with intracerebral injection of amphetamine, a catecholamine uptake inhibitor and releaser, prevented 6-OHDA-induced preference reversal in 7 out of 8 animals and limited NE reduction to 38% of concentrations measured in amphetamine-pretreated vehicle-injected controls. The data implicate central NE in the modulation of responses to conspecific odors. PMID- 7248763 TI - Chronic lead treatment induces in rat a specific and differential effect on dopamine receptors in different brain areas. AB - There is now evidence that two classes of dopaminergic receptors are present in CNS of the rat: D1, associated, and D2, not associated with adenylate cyclase activity. Drugs which interact specifically with D2 receptor are more capable of antagonizing the hyperkinetic behavior induced by lead exposure in rat. They also have a beneficial effect in children with hyperkinetic disorders. We found that the dose (-)sulpiride which causes sedation is lower in lead intoxicated animals than in controls. On the contrary, haloperidol produces sedation with the same potency in lead-treated and in control rats. The reported behavioral effects were found to be correlated with biochemical changes. In fact, in lead exposed rats D2 receptors, measured by (-)-[3H]sulpiride stereospecific binding, are altered, while D1 receptors seem not to be affected. The alterations are different according to the area examined: D2 receptor function is increased in the striatum and decreased in the nucleus accumbens. The impairment of D2 receptor might explain the better capacity of substituted benzamides to improve the hyperkinetic behavior observed in lead exposed rats. PMID- 7248764 TI - Dopamine partially mediates the cardiovascular effects of naloxone after spinal injury. AB - Following spinal injury, the opiate antagonist naloxone selectively elevates plasma dopamine levels, with the dopamine changes significantly correlated with improved cardiovascular function. Moreover, the cardiovascular effects of naloxone are significantly attenuated by pretreatment with the dopamine antagonist domperidone. From these data, it is concluded that the cardiovascular effects of naloxone after spinal injury are in part dopamine mediated. PMID- 7248765 TI - Organizational action of estrogen on synaptic pattern in the amygdala: implications for sexual differentiation of the brain. AB - Estrogen markedly promotes the specific formation of dendritic shaft synapses in the medial amygdaloid nucleus (AMN) of the rat when given in early postnatal days. The high incidence of this type of synapse permanently persists until sacrifice at adult ages. The data provide evidence for the synaptic plasticity of the developing amygdala to estrogen and suggest a possible morphological mechanism for sexual differentiation of the brain. PMID- 7248766 TI - Attenuation of the central hypertonic NaCl pressor response by angiotensin II inhibition. PMID- 7248768 TI - Injection of alpha-bungarotoxin near the suprachiasmatic nucleus blocks the effects of light on nocturnal pineal enzyme activity. AB - Environmental lighting can prevent or quickly reverse the nocturnal elevation of serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity in the rat pineal gland. Intraventricular injections of carbachol, acting via a 'nicotonic' cholinergic receptor, mimic the acute effect of light. Injections of alpha-bungarotoxin near the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus prevent the effects of light. These results suggest that acetylcholine is involved in the effects of light on the rat pineal's circadian rhythm. PMID- 7248767 TI - Sexual dimorphism in alpha-bungarotoxin binding capacity in the mouse amygdala. AB - A sex difference in alpha-bungarotoxin binding capacity in the mouse amygdala has been demonstrated by quantitative light microscopic autoradiography. The difference persisted even under widely different steroid-hormonal environment. In addition, it was observed that the binding capacities in both sexes were reversibly activated by administration of either testosterone or estradiol. Neonatal castration, on the other hand, permanently altered the toxin binding capacity in the adult male mouse. These data suggest the possibility that neonatal sex steroids irreversibly modify the cholinergic nicotinic mechanism in the developing mouse amygdala, while the hormones reversibly modulate the mechanism when applied in adulthood. PMID- 7248769 TI - Histamine modulates reactivity of hippocampal CA3 neurons to afferent stimulation in vitro. AB - Intracellular activity was recorded from hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells maintained in vitro. Histamine (HA) produced a slow depolarization associated with minimal conductance changes. In addition, there was an increase in action potential discharge rates and the emergence of bursting firing patterns. EPSP size increased by about 50% and spontaneous dendritic spikes were observed. These effects were markedly reduced by tetrodotoxin. Extracellular recording of population spikes revealed a marked difference between CA1 and CA3 regions; in the former HA produced an increase in population spike size whereas in the latter this increase was larger and was associated with the appearance of secondary and tertiary population spikes. It is suggested that HA produces its effects by enhancing release of neurotransmitters from excitatory synapses on the recorded neurons. PMID- 7248770 TI - Distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in intact, stria terminalis transected and cerebral cortex isolated rats. PMID- 7248771 TI - Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity in the rat substantia nigra after discrete bilateral kainic acid-induced lesions of the caudate-putamen and globus pallidus: correlation with locomotor activity. AB - Bilateral injections of kainic acid into the head (both anterior and posterior positions) of the caudate nucleus, the body of the caudate and the globus pallidus showed that the descending GABAergic innervation to the substantia nigra originates predominantly from the body of the caudate nucleus. Locomotor activity was enhanced following the lesions but there was no correlation with the severity of nigral GAD depletion. PMID- 7248773 TI - Dye-coupling between glial cells in the guinea pig neocortical slice. AB - Physiologically identified glial cells in guinea pig neocortical slices were injected with the low molecular weight, fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow CH. The stained aggregates which resulted consisted of one brightly stained, central cell surrounded by numerous lightly stained cells. The central cell had well defined feathery processes and resembled a protoplasmic astrocyte. The surrounding cells appeared also to be glial cells but lacked sufficient detail to be further categorized. This first demonstration of dye-coupling between neocortical glial cells strongly suggests that these cells are connected together via low resistance junctions capable of passing ionic current as well as dye. PMID- 7248772 TI - A possible effect of the methylxanthines caffeine, theophylline and aminophylline on postnatal myelination of the rat brain. AB - A double isotope methodology was used to assess the effect of methylxanthine administration on membrane protein synthesis in developing rat brain. Rat pups were given either aminophylline, theophylline, or caffeine in a dosage of 40 mg/kg or 80 mg/kg daily from the second postnatal day through 20 days of age. Results show depressed myelin protein synthesis at 21.24 days by theophylline (80 mg/kg) and caffeine (40 and 80 mg/kg). Synthesis was essentially normal at 27-28 days of age, indicating a possible delay in development followed by a 'catch-up' phenomenon. PMID- 7248774 TI - Positional specificity tests in co-cultures of retinal and tectal explants. AB - In previous studies we demonstrated that HRP-labeled ganglion-cell axons arising from fetal mouse retinal explants can distinguish appropriate (tectum) from inappropriate (spinal cord) CNS target regions in vitro. Retinal fibers preferentially invade the tectum where they ramify, develop terminal arbors, and make functional connections. The present study attempts to determine if fibers from a half-retina prefer the 'appropriate' half-region of a tectal explant. In one series, nasal or temporal halves were placed near the medial edge of the tectum, to test turning toward or away from the appropriate (posterior or anterior) half-tectal region. Several co-cultures showed apparent preferences, especially those with many ingrowing retinal fibers; but in other co-cultures the data were equivocal. A second paradigm placed the half-retinas near anterior or posterior tectal edges, and simply scored presence vs absence of retinal fiber ramifications within the nearest tectal half-region. This identified entry of retinal fibers into appropriate vs inappropriate half-tectal regions in 8 out of 8 blind scorings. These data encourage further, more critical analyses of retinotectal co-cultures to explore the basis of the specific neuritic connections which form in situ. PMID- 7248775 TI - Axonal growth by newly-formed vomeronasal neurosensory cells in the normal adult mouse. AB - Vomeronasal neurosensory cells which are continuously formed in adult mice have been shown to possess axons running in the vomeronasal nerves, since they undergo a reaction of retrograde cell death after vomeronasal nerve transection. Retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase has been combined with [3H]thymidine labelling of dividing cells to show that the axons of the newly formed neurosensory cells reach their appropriate target, the accessory olfactory bulb. PMID- 7248776 TI - Regeneration of vomeronasal nerves into the main olfactory bulb in the mouse. AB - After surgical section of the vomeronasal nerves the neurosensory cells in the vomeronasal epithelium die. Electron microscopy has been used to demonstrate that their axons, and synaptic terminals in the accessory olfactory bulb degenerate and are removed by phagocytic astroglia. The vacated postsynaptic sites in the accessory bulb persist, and are not re-innervated, either by vomeronasal or olfactory axons, as long as 150 days post-operatively. However, new neurosensory cells which are produced in the vomeronasal epithelium after vomeronasal nerve section do form axons. Light and electron microscope autoradiography of axonally transported material has been used to show that some of these axons grow back into the cranial cavity and form glomeruli in the main olfactory bulb, in regions where it is damaged or de-afferented. The regenerated vomeronasal glomeruli contain synapses between vomeronasal nerve terminals and dendrites of main bulb neurons. PMID- 7248777 TI - Effect of a conditioning lesion on optic nerve regeneration in goldfish. AB - Following a 'test lesion' (crush) of the optic nerve in goldfish, histological study of axons in silver-stained sections showed that outgrowth of the leading axons began after an initial delay of 4.3 days and proceeded at 0.34 +/- 0.03 mm/day. When a 'conditioning lesion' (crush at the same site) preceded the testing lesion by 2 weeks, the initial delay was 2.5 days and the outgrowth rate was 0.74 +/- 0.13 mm/day (P less than 0.01). Two additional methods, utilizing intraocular injections of tritiated proline or fucose to label axonally transported proteins, were used to examine the outgrowth of leading optic axons. (a) Measurement of the distances reached by labeled axons in the nerve at 6 and 10 days after a testing lesion alone yielded an initial delay of 4.6 days and an outgrowth rate of 0.41 +/- 0.04 mm/day. However, when a conditioning lesion preceded the testing lesion, labeled optic axons were already found to have reached the optic tectum by 10 days after the testing lesion, indicating an outgrowth rate in excess of 0.64 mm/day. (b) Determination of the times at which labeled axons arrived at the optic tectum showed that the outgrowth rate after a testing lesion along was 0.40 mm/day whereas when the testing lesion was preceded by a conditioning lesion it was 0.74 mm/day. Thus, as a result of a conditioning lesion the initial delay was reduced by nearly half and the outgrowth rate was nearly doubled. PMID- 7248778 TI - Ablation of the area postrema causes exaggerated consumption of preferred foods in the rat. AB - The area postrema (AP) is a hindbrain circumventricular organ (CVO) with apparent chemoreceptive function. The AP has demonstrated neural and vascular connections with the nucleus of the solitary tract (SOL), a structure which receives the primary visceral afferents from the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. The anatomical structure and connections of the AP suggests a potential role for this CVO in the control of feeding behavior. We have found that rats with surgically produced AP lesions consumed the same amounts of pelleted food ad libitum as control rats. Lesioned and control rats also consumed equal amounts of lab chow after 21 h food deprivation. However, when presented with a preferred food (instant breakfast or cookies), AP-lesioned rats consumed at least double the amount consumed by control rats. It is possible that AP lesions impair sensitivity to satiety cues. However, lesion rats did decrease their instant breakfast intake in response to cholecystokinin injections or gastric preloads. Furthermore, overingestion by AP-lesioned rats occurred only in response to preferred (highly palatable) foods and not in response to lab chow. Lesioned rats rejected quinine-adulterated instant breakfast at the same adulterant concentration as controls. Therefore, the lesioned rats do not suffer from ageusia or from enhanced responsiveness to bitter taste. Rather, the selective overeating by AP-lesioned rats may reflect an enhanced behavioral response to the sensory qualities of normally preferred foods. The close association of the AP with the SOL provides a neuroanatomical avenue by which a putative AP chemoreceptor could alter the quality or intensity of information arriving via the taste afferents. Such tuning of gustatory mechanisms could be an important component of ingestive control. PMID- 7248779 TI - Synaptic junctions in the cat spinal ganglion. AB - The cervical dorsal root ganglia (C5-C8) of the cat were examined in vivo with an electron microscope. Cell processes of unknown origin were observed to invade the area between the satellite cell sheaths and the ganglion cells, and their terminals were found to be in synaptic contact with the soma of the ganglion cells. Like chemical synapses, these synapses are numerous, containing small and round vesicles and mitochondria in the presynaptic terminals and the asymmetrical membrane thickening. The postsynaptic membrane was thicker than the presynaptic one. These presynaptic terminals were surrounded by the satellite cell sheaths. The present study strongly suggested the presence of at least a few chemical synapses, especially axosomatic synapses, in the cat spinal ganglion. PMID- 7248780 TI - Stimulation of the rat dorsal raphe in vivo releases labeled serotonin from the parietal cortex. AB - In vivo release of labeled serotonin ([3H]5-HT) from the parietal cortex was investigated by cortical cup technique and electrical stimulation of midbrain raphe in rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The spontaneous efflux of tritium from the parietal cortex preload with [3H]5-HT followed a multiphasic exponential course. After 120 min, the rate of efflux appeared to fit the single exponential function (slow phase). Imipramine (10(-6)-10(-3) M) produced a dose dependent increase in the spontaneous release. When pargyline in concentrations ranging from 10(-4) to 10(-3) M were added to the medium in the cup, the unchanged [3H]5-HT significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner and the slow declining coefficient of tritium efflux significantly decreased in the presence of 10(-4) pargyline. Stimulation of the rostral two-thirds of the dorsal raphe and the lateral 5-HT bundle originating from the dorsal raphe significantly increased the release of [3H]5-HT and its metabolites while stimulation of the caudal one-third of the dorsal raphe did not produce a significant increase in the release of [3H]5-HT and its metabolites. Stimulation of the medium raphe produced no or only a slight increase in the release of [3H]5-HT and its metabolites. These findings are a direct demonstration of the in vivo release of [3H]5-HT from the parietal cortex with stimulation of the dorsal raphe, particularly the rostral two-thirds of the nucleus and provide the neurochemical evidence for the dorsal raphe-cortical 5-HT pathway via the lateral 5-HT bundle. PMID- 7248781 TI - Similarity in number of neurons through the depth of the cortex in the binocular and monocular parts of area 17 of the monkey. AB - In frozen sections of the occipital lobes of a brain of Macaca fascicularis after injection of [3H]proline and [3H]fucose into one eye it was possible to distinguish the monocular segment from the binocular region of area 17. The number of nerve cells in a narrow 30 micron wide strip through the depth of cortex has been found to be the same in the monocular and binocular regions, and the number is more than twice that in the cortex of the adjoining area 18. PMID- 7248782 TI - Afferents to the central superior raphe nucleus in the cat. PMID- 7248783 TI - Opposite changes in dopamine utilization in the nucleus accumbens and the frontal cortex after electrolytic lesion of the median raphe in the rat. AB - As revealed by the changes in dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels and in the DOPAC/Dopamine (DA) ratio, DA utilization was markedly enhanced in the nucleus accumbens and reduced in the prefrontal cortex of rats five days after the electrolytic lesions of the median raphe. These opposite effects were not seen any more seventeen days after the injection. These results suggest that neurones originating from the median raphe and projecting to the ventral tegmental area exert an opposite effect on the activity of DA cells innervating the nucleus accumbens and on those projecting to the prefrontal cortex. PMID- 7248785 TI - Mechanism of participation of medial preoptic area in the hippocampal inhibition of ovulation. AB - Bilateral hippocampal (HPC) stimulation with anodal direct current on the afternoon of proestrus blocked spontaneous ovulation in 87.5% of the Wistar rats subjected to the experiments. The incidence of the ovulation block by this procedure was reduced to 16.7% on bilateral injection of 0.25 microgram picrotoxin into the medial preoptic area (mPOA) preceding as well as following the stimulation. Ovulation was also blocked in 53.8% of the animals by bilateral injection of 50.0 microgram GABA into mPOA, while only 20.0% animals showed a blockade of ovulation by saline injection into mPOA. These observations indicate that blockade of ovulation by HPC stimulation can be simulated by local injection of GABA into mPOA while the effect of stimulation can be blocked by local injection of picrotoxin. Thus, indicating the possibility of GABA being neurotransmitter involved at the level of mPOA for mediating the inhibitory hippocampal influence on ovulation. PMID- 7248787 TI - Selective activation of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons in the chronically restrained rat. PMID- 7248786 TI - Postmortem stability of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in mouse and human brain. AB - The postmortem stability of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites was examined in the brains of mice handled under conditions designed to simulate the handling of human autopsy material. No significant changes in the concentration of binding sites were evident up to 24 h after death. No correlation between the number of binding sites and the delay period between death and autopsy was found in studies of frontal cortex or mid-temporal gyrus from normal humans or cases of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Samples of mid-temporal gyrus from demented patients show a significant reduction in the number of binding sites. PMID- 7248784 TI - Cerebellar gangliosides and phospholipids in mutant mice with ataxia and epilepsy: the Tottering/Leaner syndrome. PMID- 7248790 TI - The effects of stimulation and lesion of raphe nuclei on luteinizing hormone release in estrogen-progesterone-treated ovariectomized rats. AB - A study was made of the effects of electrochemically stimulating (ECS) and destroying the midbrain dorsal and median raphe nuclei on the estrogen progesterone- (EP) induced surge of pituitary LH release in ovariectomized rats. ECS and lesions were produced simultaneously with anodal direct current through a chronically implanted stimulation-lesion electrode. Blood for LH assay was collected through a chronic intra-atrial cannula positioned on the day of first treatment with progesterone. ECS of the raphe nuclei exerted a strong inhibition of the LH surge when compared with sham stimulation. On the second EP treatment the onset of the LH surge was advanced both in sham-stimulated animals and in rats with raphe lesions resulting from the anodal direct current of the initial ECS. It was suggested that this apparent facilitation of the LH surge on the second EP treatment was the results of reduced stress or an altered hormonal milieu and not a consequence of destroying the raphe nuclei. The results confirm in a chronic preparation that stimulation of raphe nuclei depresses the EP induced LH surge and that subsequently in the absence of the raphe nuclei the LH response to EP treatment is apparently normal. PMID- 7248788 TI - The retinofugal pathways in the primitive African bony fish Polypterus senegalus (Cuvier, 1829). AB - Retinal projections were studied using Fink-Heimer and radioautographic methods in Polypterus senegalus, a species which is representative of a small group of African fresh-water bony fish often considered to be very primitive. The large optic nerve showed partial decussation at the chiasm. Two major contralateral tracts were observed: the axillary and marginal optic tracts, with the latter being subdivided posteriorly into the tractus opticus medialis and tractus opticus lateralis. The retina projected onto the: (1) hypothalamus (area optica postoptica); (2) thalamus (nucleus opticus dorsolateralis thalimi, nucleus dorsomedialis thalami, corpus geniculatum laterale, area optica dorsolateralis thalami, area optica ventrolateralis thalami); (3) pretectum (nuclei commissurae posterioris, pretectalis ventralis, pretectalis dorsalis); and (4) optic tectum (stratum marginale, stratum opticum, stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale, stratum griseum et album centrale, stratum griseum et fibrosum periventriculare). Ipsilateral retinal projections were demonstrated to the same 4 levels and more precisely to the nucleus opticus dorsolateralis thalami, area optica dorsolaterale thalami, nucleus commissurae posterioris, stratum marginale and stratum griseum et album centrale. The existence of a retinal projection to the mesencephalic tegmentum is discussed. Comparing the primary optic system of Polypterus with that of other jawed vertebrates, and particularly with that of other bony fish, indicated that this species possesses a combination of characteristics which are both actinopterygian and sarcopterygian. The phylogenetic significance of this mozaic anatomical arrangement is discussed. PMID- 7248789 TI - Monosynaptic input from the nucleus accumbens--ventral striatum region to retrogradely labelled nigrostriatal neurones. AB - After placement of lesions (either electrolytic or by injection of kainic acid) in an area including the nucleus accumbens and part of the ventral striatum in the rat, the ipsilateral substantia nigra was studied in the electron microscope. Degenerating axons and nerve terminals were found mainly in the zona reticulata and in the ventral layer of the zona compacta. Degenerating synaptic boutons were found in contact with cell bodies (symmetric synapses) and dendrites (mainly symmetric, but a few asymmetric). The postsynaptic target of some of the afferent fibres from the accumbens-ventral striatum was established by demonstrating degenerating synaptic boutons of the above types in contact with nigrostriatal neurones which had been identified by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from the main body of the striatum. Some of the HRP-labelled cells were also impregnated by the Golgi stain and degenerating boutons were found in contact with their distal dendrites. We also observed two types of HRP containing boutons (presumably labelled anterogradely) in the subsantia nigra after injection of HRP into the main body of the striatum : type 1 boutons contained large spherical vesicles, and formed symmetrical synapses mainly on dendritic shafts in the zona reticulata and in one case the dendrite was from a nigrostriatal neurone; type 2 boutons had pleomorphic and flattened vesicles and formed symmetrical synapses with perikarya and proximal dendrites, especially in the zona compacta. The latter type of HRP-labelled bouton was frequently found in synaptic contact with the cell bodies of nigrostriatal neurones and the same neurones sometimes also received degenerating boutons originating from neurones in the nucleus accumbens-ventral striatum. It is concluded that part of the striato-nigro-striatal circuit includes a monosynaptic link between neurones in the ventral striatum-accumbens and some nigrostriatal neurones. The possible convergence of input from different regions of the striatum on to single nigrostriatal neurones is also suggested. PMID- 7248793 TI - Reciprocal connections between the striate cortex and extrastriate cortical visual areas in the rat. AB - Following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the striate cortex of rats, a precise topographical correspondence between extrastriate cortical fields of anterograde and retrograde label was observed. The arrangement of these extrastriate labeled fields corresponds closely to the previously reported division of the peristriate cortex into multiple visual areas, suggesting that each of these areas is reciprocally connected to striate cortex. Cortical layers II--VI participate in this reciprocal connection. PMID- 7248791 TI - Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats. AB - The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K+. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K+ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K+-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release. PMID- 7248792 TI - Organization of some brain stem afferents to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rat. AB - Brain stem afferents to subnuclei of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus were studied by the anterograde autoradiographic technique in the rat. The parabrachial nuclei and locus coeruleus project to the posterior, periventricular, parvocellular and dorsal divisions. The ventral medulla projects to the posterior, medial, lateral, parvocellular and dorsal divisions. The A1 catecholamine cell group projects to the posterior, medial, lateral, parvocellular and dorsal divisions, and the nucleus of the solitary tract to the parvocellular and dorsal divisions. The A1 region and the ventral medulla also project to the supraoptic nucleus. PMID- 7248796 TI - The measurement of motor cell volumes in rats. AB - The volumes of cell bodies and nuclei of rat motoneurons were calculated from reconstruction in araldite embedded spinal cord. The results were compared with those obtained by applying formulae to two-dimensional measurements. The results show that the volumes of reconstructed cells have comparable values when derived from transverse and longitudinal sections. These values differ quite remarkably from those obtained by applying the formulae of the sphere and of a non rotational ellipsoid. The difference is thought to reflect shape and orientation of the cells in the spinal cord. Nuclei were found to have a spheroidal shape, with the major diameter parallel to the axis of the spinal cord. There is also a linear relationship between cells and nuclear volume (with values varying between 5 and 15). The results of this study suggest that once reconstruction studies have shown the basic parameters of the cells, a graphical method for cell volumes from equatorial area measurements gives more satisfactory results than other proposed methods. PMID- 7248795 TI - Entrainment of the spinal pattern generators for swimming by mechano-sensitive elements in the lamprey spinal cord in vitro. AB - Imposed sinusoidal bending of a mobile region of the curarized spinal cord/notochord preparation of the lamprey results in phase-locking (i.e. 'entrainment') of the 'fictive swimming' motor pattern (recording in ventral roots) to the bending movements. This entrainment phenomenon occurs both with intact ventral and dorsal roots and with all roots cut (i.e. a completely isolated spinal cord). It is proposed that mechano-sensitive elements within the spinal cord contribute in part to the entrainment. PMID- 7248794 TI - The development of glutamic acid decarboxylase in the visual cortex and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat. AB - The activity of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase was measured in the visual cortex and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat at several postnatal ages. The results suggest that the developmental pattern of glutamic acid decarboxylase is reflected in the morphology of the neurons which presumably contain the enzyme. PMID- 7248798 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors in the spinal cord. PMID- 7248799 TI - Thiamine deficiency: effect on serotonin binding protein in rat hypothalamus. PMID- 7248800 TI - Amphetamine abolishes REM sleep rebound in rats: effect of single injection. PMID- 7248801 TI - Strychnine sensitive inhibition in the dorsal horn of mammalian spinal cord. PMID- 7248797 TI - Localization of immunoreactive angiotensin II in the hippocampus and striatum of rat brain. AB - Angiotensin II (ANG II) was estimated by radioimmunoassay in extracts of rat brain. In extracts of whole brain the mean content was 108 +/- 16 fmol/g and estimates of ANG II in kidney and plasma were similar to previous reports. A regional distribution of ANG II was determined. Hippocampus had the highest concentration and cortex the lowest. The concentrations relative to cortex were: hippocampus, 8; striatum, 5; cerebellum, 4; hypothalamus:thalamus:septum:midbrain (HTSM), 3; and medulla, 3. PMID- 7248802 TI - Patterns of habituation to electrical stimulation of reticular and auditory pathways. AB - Patterns of habituation of the orienting response to electrical stimulation of midbrain, thalamus, and cortical components of the primary auditory pathway and the ascending reticular system were studied in awake, freely mobile cats. Individual orienting responses to high-frequency stimulation of structures in the auditory pathway could not be distinguished from orienting responses to stimulation of reticular structures. However, with repeated presentations of the stimulus, the orienting response to auditory pathway stimulation habituated significantly faster than did the orienting response to stimulation of structures in the ascending reticular system. Within the auditory pathway, orienting to stimulation of the inferior colliculus, the medial geniculate body, or primary auditory cortex did not result in distinguishable patterns of habituation. Stimulation of parietal cortex resulted in habituation that occurred significantly slower than habituation to auditory cortex stimulation, and significantly faster than habituation to stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation or the centre median nucleus of the thalamus. These results are discussed with regard to a hypothetical arousal system that includes the brain stem reticular formation, the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, and parts of the parietal cortex. PMID- 7248803 TI - Effect of slow and rapid skin heating on the activity of single neurons in the preoptic area of unanesthetized rabbits. AB - Skin temperature was increased at slow and rapid rates while single unit activity was recorded in the medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamus (POAH) of the unanesthetized rabbit. Of 69 units tested with slow skin heating, activity increased in 14, decreased in 38, and was unchanged in 17. The responsive units exhibited either an immediate or delayed change in firing rate during skin heating. During rapid skin heating, 6 of 19 units which could be tested underwent a qualitative change from their thermal responsiveness during slow skin heating. Rapidly responding neurons could provide an instantaneous indication of changes in skin temperature, whereas the activation of slowly responding units requires a relatively long period of skin heating. Qualitative shifts in thermal responsiveness during rapid skin heating could provide an additional mechanism for detecting abrupt changes in ambient temperature. Thus, POAH thermal responsive neurons provide input regarding both steady state and rapid changes in skin temperature. PMID- 7248804 TI - Learning improvement of appetitively or aversively reinforced light-dark discrimination and reversal four weeks after electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus of the rat. AB - The experiments reported here point out the effect of electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus on the acquisition and reversal of a simultaneous light dark discrimination performed 4 weeks later. The stimulation was applied on 15 day-old rats. There were two control groups, implanted but not stimulated and non implanted rats. In the first experiment, the light-dark discrimination task was food-reinforced. As already reported in the case of an appetitively reinforced operant task, stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus induced an important improvement of performance in discrimination and reversal. This improvement was already apparent at the beginning of acquisition. In the reversal task the mean response latency of stimulated rats was greater than tht of control animals. In the second experiment with naive rats we used the same discrimination but the task was aversively reinforced by an electric foot-shock. In spite of the different type of reinforcement used, the stimulated rats performed better than the control rats in the three behavioral situations studied: avoidance, discrimination and reversal. As in the first experiment the improvement appeared at the onset of acquisition in the three situations. Thus the long-term effect of lateral hypothalamic stimulation does not depend on the type of reinforcement, nor the behavioral task. These results are briefly discussed. PMID- 7248805 TI - Aortic nerve stimulation in the rat: cardiovascular and respiratory responses. AB - Cardiovascular response and changes in the phrenic and recurrent laryngeal nerve activities to the electrical stimulation of the aortic nerves were studied in the decerebrate male Wistar rats. Stimulus parameters were varied over a wide range (intensities 0.1-10 volts, frequencies 2-150 pulses per sec, durations 0.01-10 msec) and stimulation was continued for 1 min to ensure that steady state was reached. Stimulation of the aortic nerves consistently produced decreases in blood pressure and heart rate (baroceptor responses) while increase in blood pressure and heart rate (chemoreceptor responses) were never obtained. Inhibition of phrenic and recurrent laryngeal nerve activities (baroceptor responses) always followed stimulation of aortic nerves while facilitation of these nerve activities (chemoreceptor responses) was never observed. These results indicate that the aortic nerves of the rat contain mainly baroceptor afferent fibers and there are few, if any, functional chemoreceptor fibers in these nerves. PMID- 7248806 TI - Spatial discrimination, reversal and active or passive avoidance learning in rats with KA-induced neuronal depletions in dorsal hippocampus. AB - The neurotoxin kainic acid (KA) was iontophoretically administered to the dorsal hippocampus of female rats. Depending upon the diameter of the micropipette used to administered KA, this treatment completely depleted the dorsal hippocampus of nerve cell bodies (group LHC, N = 8) or selectively depleted CA4 (group SHC, N = 7) while sparing significant numbers of cells in CA1-CA3, and the fascia dentata. In both experimental groups, there was no apparent damage to the fimbria/fornix system, the ventral hippocampus and subiculum or neocortex adjacent to the injection site. The extensive neuron depletion (group LHC) sharply impaired the acquisition of a CAR in a shuttle box, produced a passive avoidance deficit in a step-through situation (but not in a punished-licking test), facilitated acquisition of a brightness discrimination in a T-maze, but had no significant effect on reversal learning in this situation. The more limited neuron depletions produced in group SHC produced no effect on CAR acquisition in the shuttle box but resulted in similar, though typically smaller effects in all other situations. The pronounced differences between this pattern of behavior change and that consistently reported after traditional lesions of the dorsal hippocampus indicate that damage to fibers of passage may contribute significantly to the classic hippocampal lesion syndrome. PMID- 7248807 TI - Ontogeny of medullary raphe nuclei in the rabbit brain stem: a Golgi study. AB - Nuclei raphe obscurus, pallidus, and magnus, found in the midline and paramedian regions of the medulla, were examined in rabbits between day 22 of gestation and adulthood. At day 22 of gestation (total gestation period of 32 days), the neurons were small with sparsely branched processes. Between day 26 of gestation and 6 days of age, the dendrites expanded, increased the number and length of their branches, and developed abundant spines. During this period, the cell bodies grew in size. From postnatal day 6 to adulthood, a mature pattern of dendritic branching was achieved, and the number of spines on the dendrites was reduced. Nuclei raphe obscurus, pallidus and magnus each possessed cells with unique morphological appearances early in ontogeny, but showed a similar pattern of enhanced dendritic branching with numerous spines through early neonatal development, followed by a reduction in the number and size of the spines. Despite the morphological heterogeneity of the medullary raphe nuclei, their general pattern of dendritic development is similar, suggesting that afferent connections to these nuclei may be formed during cellular maturation by a process similar to that described for the reticular formation and other central neurons. PMID- 7248808 TI - Diencephalic and brainstem afferents to the hippocampal formation of the rat. PMID- 7248809 TI - Spontaneous gastric ulcers in a rhesus monkey. AB - Spontaneous gastric ulcers and erosions were seen at necropsy of an adult male rhesus monkey from a laboratory colony. Antemortem findings include progressive weight loss, anorexia, and microcytic, hypochromic anemia. It is suggested that spontaneous gastric ulceration is not uncommon in nonhuman primate that are held in laboratory animal colonies. This observation indicates that "experimental" production of gastric ulcers in rhesus monkeys may in fact be unrelated to the experimental procedure. On the other hand, these animals may represent a source of naturally occurring models of human gastric ulceration. PMID- 7248810 TI - Simple method for rapid removal of rat spinal cord. PMID- 7248811 TI - Inhibition by morphine and morphine-like drugs of nicotine-induced emesis in cats. AB - The effect of morphine, methadone and pethidine injected into the cerebral ventricle of the unanesthetized cat upon emesis produced by nicotine induced similarly was investigated. Morphine and morphine-like drugs depress or abolish the emetic effect of nicotine. The inhibitory effect of morphine, methadone and pethidine is observed after a transient emetic action of these drugs. The emetic and anti-emetic action of morphine, methadone and pethidine can perhaps be ascribed to an agonist/antagonist activity. Further, the possible site of inhibitory action of morphine and morphine-like drugs on the emesis produced by nicotine may be the area postrema of fourth ventricle. PMID- 7248812 TI - Forebrain norepinephrine and serotonin concentrations and cardiac conditioning in normal rabbits and rabbits with septal lesions. AB - Septal lesioned or sham operated rabbits were subjected to two days of differential Pavlovian (classical) heart rate (HR) conditioning in which tones served as the conditioned stimuli and paraorbital electric shock served as the unconditioned stimulus. After completion of training, norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) concentrations were determined in the hippocampus and neocortex to determine if lesion-induced amine depletion was related to changes in HR conditioned response (CR). The magnitude of the bradycardiac CR was increased by septal lesions during the initial session but during the second session. several lesioned animals revealed accelerative HR changes resulting in an attenuated HR CR in the septal damaged group. The more accelerative HR responding in the septal lesioned animals was accompanied by increased EMG activity which appeared to be related to damage to more posteroventral areas of the septum. Septal lesions produced a depletion of forebrain NE of approximately 30%, but NE concentrations did not appear to be specifically related to lesion-induced changes in the HR CR. However, both NE and 5-HT concentrations were correlated with the magnitude of the HR CR in intact, but not in lesioned, animals. PMID- 7248814 TI - Mapping of forelimb afferents to the cuneate nuclei of the rat. AB - Stumps of rat forelimb peripheral nerves were soaked in horseradish peroxidase solution. Impregnation of the median, ulnar, radial, and musculocutaneous nerves revealed that each nerve had definite projection zones in the cuneate nuclei. The radial nerve projected quite heavily to the lateral cuneate nucleus and to a narrow band along the dorsal edge of the main cuneate nucleus. Staining of the deep radial and superficial radial nerves showed that they projected heavily to the lateral and main cuneate respectively. The ulnar and median nerves projected primarily to medial and lateral portions of the main cuneate nucleus, ventral to the terminal field of the radial nerve. The rostral and caudal portions of the main cuneate nucleus were discriminable by cytoarchitectural characteristics and by terminal fibre orientation. PMID- 7248813 TI - Brain functional activity during PAG stimulation-produced analgesia: a 2-DG study. AB - The autoradiographic 2-deoxyglucose method for regional cerebral metabolic activity was modified for use with tritium label to determine which brain stem and spinal cord nuclei changed their functional neural activity during periaqueductal gray stimulation-produced analgesia. The greatest changes in activity during electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray occurred in nucleus paragigantocellularis, the ventral portion of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, and the nucleus cuneiformis. Substantial increases in metabolic activity were also evident in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and the substantia gelatinosa. Many of the regions which displayed increased functional activity in the present study have been shown to possess substantial enkephalin immunoreactivity. While several of these structures have previously been implicated in modulation of nociceptive transmission, this study raises the possibility that other brain stem nuclei may also participate in analgesic mechanisms. PMID- 7248816 TI - Neurochemical identification of cholinergic forebrain projection sites of the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis lateralis. AB - The projection sites of the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis lateralis (ntdl) were examined in rats by a biochemical technique. The ntdl was destroyed unilaterally and brains were assayed after 14 days survival for changes in choline acetyltransferase activity in discrete brain areas. A bilateral projection appears to exist to the anteroventral and the posterior nucleus of the thalamus. An ipsilateral projection to the lateral portion of the medial thalamic nucleus and the ventral geniculate was found. It is suggested that the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis lateralis may play a role in the modulation forebrain areas. PMID- 7248815 TI - Emergence of supraependymal cells in rat third ventricle after administration of p-chloroamphetamine. AB - Administration of single or multiple 10 mg/kg doses of parachloroamphetamine hydrochloride, a serotonin-neurotoxic drug, to adult male rats, leads to emergence of clusters of supraependymal cells in the third ventricle above the median eminence. Transmission EM of specimens previously examined with scanning electron optics reveals that the cell clusters have characteristics of neurons. Two weeks after the initial drug injection, the ventricular surfaces of some animals lack the cell clusters, suggesting a "transience" in their appearance. The neuron-like elements may appear in response to alterations in brain serotonin levels, and their presence suggests an ability of adult nerve cells to migrate in response to chemical changes in neural tissue or cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7248818 TI - A flexible high density multi-channel electrode array for long-term chronic implantation. AB - The construction of a high density multi-channel fluid potential electrode array is described. The resulting electrode array which is flat, flexible and non irritating, is designed for long-term chronic implantation over cortical surfaces of compound curvature, as well as over restricted regions, such as the visual areas located along the medial bank of the occipital cortex. Electrophysiological data and gross anatomy obtained from animals with implantation times of up to one year are displayed. PMID- 7248817 TI - Carotid sinus nerve projections to the brain stem in the cat. AB - The distribution of carotid sinus nerve (CNS) afferent and efferent fibers in the brain stem was examined in eight cats using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) neurohistochemistry. The transganglionic transport of HRP yielded dense extraperikaryal labeling within the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (nTS). Labeling was also present in the area postrema (ap) and in the region of the nucleus ambiguus (nA). The nTS labeling was bilateral, the ipsilateral side being more intense. Within the nTS, the labeling was not uniform, being heaviest in the dorsal, dorsolateral and commissural subnuclei. Moderate labeling was seen in the ventrolateral nTS. In the region of the obex, HRP labeled fibers could be followed from the nTS to the region of the nA, where extraperikaryal labeling could be seen. HRP labeled perikarya were found in the rostral pole of nA. In two controls, the CSN was sectioned close to its junction to the glossopharyngeal nerve just prior to HRP injection. In both cases, no labeling was found in either the petrosal ganglion or brain stem. PMID- 7248819 TI - Presence of immunoreactive calcitonin in the hypothalamus and pituitary lobes of rats. AB - We have found calcitonin-like immunoreactive material in extracts of hypothalami from six-month old, male rats. The level of this immunoreactivity, 0.21 ng/hypothalamus, is substantial considering out lower limit of detection of 0.006 ng of rat calcitonin. However, the hypothalamus contains less calcitonin-like immunoreactive material than either the anterior lobe (1.16 ng) or neurointermediate lobe (0.81 ng) of the pituitary. Taken together these three sources of calcitonin-like immunoreactive material contain less than one thousandth the immunoreactivity found in the thyroid. The exact nature of the calcitonin-like immunoreactive material found in these extrathyroidal sites and its physiological role, if any, remain to be discovered. The recent report of the occurrence of calcitonin receptors in the hypothalamus and other brain regions in conjunction with our finding of calcitonin-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus suggests that calcitonin-like molecules may be active within the brain. PMID- 7248820 TI - Effect of 4-aminopyridine on cardiovascular functions in the dog. AB - The drug 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) at a dose of 0.2 mg . kg-1 body weight intravenously is an effective antagonist of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade. We studied its cardiovascular effects in the canine heart using a right heart bypass with extracorporeal circulation in seven dogs. This study demonstrates that 4-aminopyridine significantly augments arterial blood pressure, left ventricular dp/dt maximum, as well as left ventricular pressure at dp/dt mx. The highest values were obtained between two and 20 minutes after administration of 4-AP. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure diminished slightly, but this was not statistically significant. Although the exact mechanism of action of 4-AP is not known, its positive inotropic effects may be of value in the reversal of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade in patients with impaired myocardial function of diverse aetiologies and it would be contra-indicated in patients with arterial hypertension and/or coronary artery disease. PMID- 7248824 TI - [Gas diffusion in the middle ear during anesthesia for tympanoplasty]. AB - The problems of diffusion of gas into the middle ear during anaesthesia have been described by several authors since 1965. The administration of anaesthetic concentrations of nitrous oxide raises middle ear pressure in the order of 3.43 to 3.92 kPa (350 to 400 mm H2O). This phenomenon disappears spontaneously after cessation of nitrous oxide anaesthesia and causes no trouble except a few cases of deafness and some rare tympanic ruptures. We have tried to solve this problem during anaesthesia for tympanoplasty by substituting air for nitrous oxide and by the use of ethrane as basic anaesthetic agent. Anaesthesia was potentiated by narcotics and the patients were adequately curarized. The results showed that this technique greatly reduced diffusion of gases if we kept the PaO2 under 17.9 kPa (135 mm Hg) and the PaCO2 at 3.9 kPa (30 mm Hg). Controls have shown that diffusion is greater with higher PaCO2. Middle ear pressure, measured with Madsen impedence-meter, was not higher than 0.68 kPa (70 mmn H2O). PMID- 7248822 TI - Electro-acupuncture modification of halothane anaesthesia in the dog. AB - The effects of electro-acupuncture on minimum alveolar anaesthetic concentration (MAC) was studied during halothane anaesthesia in the dog. Following induction of anaesthesia, MAC was determined in duplicate. Ten dogs then received electro acupuncture bilaterally at San Yin Chiao for 30 minutes. MAC was determined in duplicate while electro-acupuncture was continued. Electro-acupuncture significantly lowered MAC from 1.2 per cent to 1.0 per cent (p less than 0.01). A crossover experimental design was used in an additional eleven dogs. Here MAC was lowered from 1.17 per cent to 1.04 per cent (p less than 0.05). Electro acupuncture produces a small but statistically significant reduction in halothane MAC. PMID- 7248821 TI - The effect of dopamine, atropine, phenylephrine and cardiac pacing on oxygen consumption during fentanyl-nitrous oxide anaesthesia in the dog. AB - In animals deeply anaesthetized with fentanyl and nitrous oxide the arterial blood pressure and heart rate were increased using dopamine, atropine, electrical pacing and phenylephrine in order to study the accompanying change in whole body oxygen consumption. Seven dogs (16-24 kg) were anaesthetized with fentanyl 1 microgram . kg-1 . min-1. After completing instrumentation a dopamine infusion was started at a rate of 39 micrograms . kg-1 .min-1. After the mean blood pressure reached 18.6 kPa the infusion was reduced to 10 micrograms . kg-1 . min 1 and maintained for 10 minutes. After waiting 45 minutes an infusion of atropine 20 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 was started and when the heart rate reached 120 b/min the infusion was slowed to 1.25 micrograms . kg-1. min-1 and maintained for 10 minutes. Twenty-five minutes later the heart rate was increased to 150 beats/min and maintained at that level for 10 minutes using electrical pacing. The pacing was removed and an infusion of phenylephrine 5 micrograms . kg-1 . min 1 was started. When the blood pressure reached 21.3 kPa the infusion was reduced to 2.5 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 and maintained for 10 minutes. The results show increases in oxygen consumption of 14 per cent with dopamine, 19 per cent with atropine, 16 per cent, and 14 per cent with phenylephrine. All changes were significantly different from the control values. The magnitude of change in whole body oxygen consumption was best predicted by either the cardiac output X blood pressure product or by the cardiac output alone. PMID- 7248823 TI - Reversal by acupuncture of cardiovascular depression induced with morphine during halothane anaesthesia in dogs. AB - The cardiovascular effects of morphine sulphate and/or acupuncture by means of electrocautery at Jen Chung (Go-26) were studied in 35 dogs. All animals were maintained under anaesthesia with halothane 0.75 per cent supplemented by the intravenous administration of succinylcholine to allow controlled ventilation during a two hour period of monitoring. Cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, [H+] (pH) PaCO2, PaO2 and base deficit were measured in each dog. Morphine 0.5 mg . kg-1, administered alone as a single bolus, significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased cardiac output, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and significantly increased stroke volume and pulse pressure in dogs under halothane anaesthesia. Acupuncture by electrocautery alone induced a significant increase in cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure with a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance following halothane. Acupuncture at Jen Chung (Go-26) for 10 minutes following the intravenous administration of morphine caused a significant increase in cardiac output, heart rate and mean arterial pressure with a significant decrease in central venous pressure and total peripheral resistance during halothane anaesthesia. The depressant effect of morphine on cardiac output, heart rate and mean arterial pressure in dogs under halothane anaesthesia appears to be reversed by acupuncture by electrocautery at Jen Chung (Go-26). Stimulation of this acupuncture locus could be helpful in resuscitating patients whose cardiovascular system is depressed by morphine and/or halothane anaesthesia. PMID- 7248830 TI - Comparison of two in-line blood warmers. AB - We compared a new blood warmer, the Gorman-Rupp DW-1000A Blood Fluid Warmer, with the blood warmer currently being used at our hospital (the Hemokinetitherm). Using dated stored whole blood, we compared the heating capacities of the two blood warmers at varying flow rates. We found that the Gorman-Rupp (DW-1000A) was capable of faster infusion rates than the Hemokinetitherm and could consistently heat the blood to a higher temperature. Maximum flow rates of the Hemokinetitherm using a pressure bag at 79.8 kPa (600 mm Hg) was 125 ml/min compared to a maximum infusion rate of 166 ml/min with the DW-1000A. The extent of blood warming at the maximum infusion rate was from 10.6 degrees C to 28.5 degrees C for Hemokinetitherm, compared with 10.6 degrees C to 32.5 degrees C for the DW-1000A. We conclude that the DW-1000A is superior to the blood warmer we have been currently using both heating capabilities and maximum possible infusion rate. PMID- 7248829 TI - Inflatable bath for external cooling. AB - The authors describe an inflatable bath which can be used rapidly and safely, with a minimum of patient manipulation, for external cooling of hyperthermic patients or in the elective induction of hypothermia. This device permits ready access to the patient so that monitoring and treatment can be carried on while cooling is in progress and is particularly adopted to use in the operating room. PMID- 7248827 TI - Metastatic myocardial calcification. AB - A case of metastatic myocardial calcification is reported in a patient with chronic renal failure. The characteristic features are failure to take phosphate binding antacids on a regular basis, intractable congestive heart failure, atrioventricular block, a calcium phosphate product consistently greater than 60, and sudden irreversible cardia arrest. Arteriovenous fistulae created for haemodialysis appear to be an unlikely cause of cardiac failure. PMID- 7248828 TI - A circle system with a rotating wick vaporizer. AB - The humidity output of a circle system was raised to 28 mg H2O/l by the use of a modified rotating wick vaporizer placed in the center of the soda lime canister and coaxial inspiratory and expiratory limbs. Both the fresh gas inflow and the expired gases passed through the lime and reached a compartment below it. The bag/ventilator connector, bearing a pressure relief valve, opened on the lateral wall of that compartment. Gases returning to the inspiratory valve passed: (1) through a tube in the canister connecting the inferior compartment to the vaporizer above water level, (2) through the upper portion of the vaporizer and around the rotating wick, and (3) through a tube emerging from the top of the vaporizer to reach the inspiratory valve. Thus inspired gases were humidified by the rotating wick constantly replenishing its water content warmed by the reaction of neutralization. The use of coaxial inspiratory and expiratory limbs reduced water condensation outside the canister. PMID- 7248826 TI - Obstetrical anaesthesia practice in the University of Toronto affiliated hospitals and some randomly selected community hospitals. AB - A questionnaire was designed to determine the type of personnel that provide obstetrical anaesthesia care and the techniques used in the provision of this care. All seven hospitals with an obstetrical unit affiliated with the University of Toronto and seven community hospitals responded. All anaesthetics were given by physicians. Ninety-two per cent of those in University affiliated hospitals and 63 per cent of those in the community hospitals had obtained their specialty qualification. Standards for preoperative assessment and communication with the patients should be similar to those applied to patients receiving anaesthesia for other reasons. It was clear from our survey that pre-anaesthetic assessment of obstetrical patients differs from that advocated for other surgical patients. For vaginal deliveries, epidural analgesia was clearly the preferred choice, Subarachnoid block was rarely used. The majority of anaesthetists did not use a test dose. Eleven per cent in University-affiliated hospitals and 50 per cent in community hospitals sometimes conducted surgical anaesthesia without tracheal intubation for vaginal delivery. More than 60 per cent routinely encouraged their patients to accept general anaesthesia for Caesarean section. The doctors providing neonatal resuscitation may require further training. Surveys such as this are important if standards of anaesthetic practice are to be established. PMID- 7248825 TI - Anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy: a psychiatric viewpoint. AB - Brief general anaesthesia has added to the safety and comfort of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). While usually a simple procedure, there are several areas in which ECT differs from other procedures requiring brief anaesthesia. These differences call for even more collaboration between psychiatrist and anaesthetist than is customary. This review details the areas where the anaesthetic management may affect the outcome of ECT for both an individual treatment and a treatment series. These include the patient evaluation, the patient preparation, the sequence and doses of anaesthetic agents, and the recovery period. Because each patient receives a series of treatments, an optimum regimen from both the psychiatric and anaesthetic standpoints can ultimately be achieved. PMID- 7248831 TI - Comparison of cost of high and low flows of anaesthetic agents. PMID- 7248832 TI - Epidural test dose. PMID- 7248833 TI - Seizure activity associated with enflurane. PMID- 7248835 TI - Lectin pulses as determinants of lymphocyte activation and inactivation during the first six hours of culture: sequential action of concanavalin A and complement cause cell lysis. PMID- 7248834 TI - Jack bean urease (EC 3.5.1.5). IV. The molecular size and the mechanism of inhibition by hydroxamic acids. Spectrophotometric titration of enzymes with reversible inhibitors. AB - Kinetic, spectral, and other studies establish that hydroxamic acids bind reversibly to active-site nickel ion in jack bean urease. Equilibrium ultracentrifugation studies establish that the molecular weight of native urease is 590 000 +/- 30 000 while that of the subunit formed in 6 M guanidinium chloride in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol is approximately 95 000. Essentially the same subunit molecular weight (approximately 93 000) is found by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, subsequent to denaturation in a guanidinium chloride - beta-mercaptoethanol system at various temperatures. Coupled with an equivalent weight of 96 600 for binding of the inhibitors acetohydroxamic acid and phosphoramidate, these results establish securely that urease is a hexamer with one active site per 96 600 dalton subunit. Consistent values for the equivalent weight are obtained by a routine spectrophotometric titration of the active site of freshly prepared urease with trans-cinnamoylhydroxamic acid. General equations are derived which describe spectrophotometric titrations of binding sites of any enzyme with a reversible inhibitor. These equations allow the evaluation of the difference spectrum of the protein-inhibitor complex even when the binding sites cannot readily be saturated with the inhibitor or vice versa. PMID- 7248838 TI - Binding of protoporphyrin to melanin and oxidation-reduction properties of melanin-protoporphyrin complex. AB - The binding of protoporphyrin to melanin and the effect of the binding of protoporphyrin to melanin on the oxidation-reduction properties of melanin were studied. Various concentrations of protoporphyrin were incubated with melanin suspensions. The amounts of protoporphyrin remaining in the supernatant after sedimentation of the melanin were determined. The amount of bound protoporphyrin was determined by extraction with 3 M HCl. The results showed that when the initial concentration of protoporphyrin was varied, the amounts of protoporphyrin bound were in accordance with Langmuir's isotherm. From these results it was calculated that at infinite concentration of protoporphyrin 7.62 +/- 0.38 microgram protoporphyrin would be bound to 1 mg melanin. The activity to catalyze the coupled oxidation of NADH and reduction of ferricyanide was less in the case of the melanin-protoporphyrin complex than the free melanin. It is suggested that the binding of a naturally occurring photosensitizer such as protoporphyrin to melanin may have significant biological effects viz (i) photosensitivity due to protoporphyrin, (ii) the chemical reactivity of melanin in internal organs, and (iii) protective action of melanin in skin against ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 7248836 TI - D-glucose and D-gluconate transport in vesicles from Pseudomonas putida. AB - Vesicles prepared from glucose-grown cells of Pseudomonas putida (ATCC, 12633) retain glucose oxidase (GOX) and gluconate dehydrogenase (GADH) activity and actively transport D-glucose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DOG), 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D glucose (3FG), and D-gluconate by saturable processes. The transport of these substrates is stimulated by the addition of L-malate or reduced phenazine methosulphate (PMS). Vesicles prepared from succinate-grown cells of P. putida lose their capacity to transport D-glucose, 2DOG, and 3FG by a saturable process. The transport and accumulation of D-gluconate, however, is retained with a KX value of 65 microM and a Vmax of 1.0 nmol . mg protein-1 . min-1. The rate of D gluconate transport is stimulated by the addition of reduced PMS of L-malate with a reduction in the KX value to 42.0 microM. Respirometric studies with these vesicles indicate the presence of an active GOX and L-malate dehydrogenase but a defective GADH. Thus a reductase activity is detected in the presence of D gluconate and either 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP) or ferricyanide, as measured by a decrease in absorbance at 500 and 420 nm, respectively. Measurements on these vesicles with the oxygen electrode, however, indicate that no electron transfer from GADH to oxygen occurs. This is in contrast to the results with glucose-grown vesicles or with L-malate or D-glucose as substrates in the succinate-grown vesicles. A comparison between glucose and gluconate oxidase activity in native and detergent-treated vesicles is made. The significance of these results in relation to the presence of a glucose carrier in P. putida and other pseudomonads is presented. PMID- 7248839 TI - The similarity of histones from turtle erythrocytes and liver. AB - Using the fresh-water "red-eared turtle" Pseudomys scriptans elegans, we have confirmed the existence of a minor component H1s among the lysine-rich histones of turtle erythrocytes by three forms of gel electrophoresis and two forms of chromatography. It was separated from the major components by both cation exchange chromatography and molecular-exclusion chromatography and shown to differ slightly but significantly in content of several amino acids as well as being shorter than the other lysine-rich histones. Although its composition is close to that of the "tissue-specific" F1b of sea turtle erythrocytes, it is present in even greater relative amount in red-eared turtle livers. In most respects it resembles the satellite histone H10 of mammalian tissues. No unusual histones were observed among the perchloric acid insoluble histones of turtle erythrocytes. PMID- 7248840 TI - Comparison of the structure and function of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase- oxygenase from a cold-hardy and nonhardy potato species. AB - A comparison of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase from the leaves of the nonacclimated, cold-hardy species, Solanum commersonii, and the nonacclimated, nonhardy species, Solanum tuberosum showed that this enzyme from the two species differed in structure and function. The results of sulfhydryl group titration with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) indicated that the kinetics of titration and the number of accessible sulfhydryl groups in the native enzymes were different. After 30 min, the enzyme from the hardy species had 1.7 times fewer sulfhydryl groups titrated than that from the nonhardy species. In the presence of 1% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate, the total number of sulfhydryl groups titratable with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) was the same for both species. However, this denaturant had a differential effect on the kinetics of titration with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Both enzymes had a native molecular weight of about 550 000. The quaternary structures of the two enzymes were similar with the presence of large and small subunits of 54 000 and 14 000, respectively. However, there was more polypeptide of 108 000--110 000 present in preparations of the enzyme from S. tuberosum than from S. commersonii. This polypeptide is an apparent dimer of the large subunit on a relative mass basis. The large subunit of the enzyme from S. tuberosum was more sensitive to the absence of reducing agent and was more sensitive to freezing and thawing than the large subunit of the enzyme from S. commersonii. Catalytic properties of both enzymes at 5 and 25 degrees C indicated no significant difference in the Km, CO2 at either temperature. However, the Vmax at 5 degrees C for the enzyme from S. commersonii was 35% higher than that of the enzyme from S. tuberosum. In contrast, the Vmax at 25 degrees C for the enzyme of the hardy species was 250% lower than that of the enzyme from the nonhardy species. PMID- 7248837 TI - Plasma membrane mediated thymidine transport in AKR spleen cells. AB - In this paper we characterize the thymidine transport systems in nonadherent spleen cells from normal leukemic (AKR) mice and from AKR mice which have been stimulated in vivo with concanavalin A (Con A). We have shown that splenic lymphocytes from normal AKR mice transport thymidine (two kinetic components, Km values of 34 microM and 1.6 mM) whereas lymphoid cells from C57L/J and outbred (CD-1) mice do not. Following Con A stimulation of AKR mice, three components (Km values of 6 microM, 212 microM, and millimolar range) were observed. The current data should be compared with previously published results for splenocytes from Con A stimulated CD-1 mice. Although those cells transport thymidine with two kinetic components (Km values of 160 microM), they lacked the lowest Km system present in AKR splenocytes. Thymidine transport was also examined in lymphocytes from several AK x L recombinant inbred mouse strains derived from the cross AKR/J x C57L/J. Two strains which lacked MuLV did not show time-dependent thymidine translocation whereas two strains which possessed MuLV demonstrated time dependent thymidine translocation. Moreover, cells from the congenic strain L.AKR Akv-2, which carried the Akv-2 genome on a C57L background, also showed thymidine transport. Thus a unique ability to transport thymidine can be correlated with the presence of the murine leukemia virus genome. PMID- 7248841 TI - Extracellular alkaline phosphatase from alveolar secretions of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. AB - Alkaline phosphatases in alveolar secretions from the lungs of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis have been studied. A soluble form of alkaline phosphatase was isolated from the secretions and characterized. The extracellular enzyme had a pH optimum at 9.95; was stimulated by Mg2+, Ni2+, and Mn2+; was inhibited by Zn2+, Be2+, Cu2+, and low concentrations (8 mM) of L-homoarginine and imidazole; and was heat-stable at 55 degrees C. The soluble phosphatase existed primarily as a high molecular weight complex (excluded from Sepharose 4B) and could be dispersed into low molecular weight forms (205 000--285 000) by treatment with n-butanol. Following butanol treatment, the thermostability of the enzyme was markedly decreased but the kinetic properties such as the Km values, activation energies, and responses to various inhibitors were unchanged. The alkaline phosphatase may originate from unusual type 2 cells present in the alveoli of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. PMID- 7248843 TI - Asymmetric identification of parafoveal stimulus pairs: feature perturbations on failure in feature extraction? PMID- 7248847 TI - Interpretation of evoked potentials: a neurophysiological perspective. PMID- 7248845 TI - Life-span age trends in the perception of the Mueller-Lyer: additional evidence for the existence of two illusions. PMID- 7248842 TI - Site of synthesis of metallothionein in rat liver. AB - Free and membrane-attached polysomes were isolated from the liver of normal and cadmium-treated rats, and were translated using L-[35S]cysteine and a nuclease treated reticulocyte lysate system. The translation products were analyzed for radioactive metallothionein by immunoprecipitation with antibodies to rat cadmium metallothionein followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In both normal and cadmium-treated rats, radioactive metallothionein was produced by free polysomes but not by membrane-attached polysomes. Cadmium treatment did not increase the in vitro ability of polysomes to synthesize metallothionein. As a control, the translation products of these two classes of polysomes were also analyzed for radioactive albumin and it was confirmed that membrane-attached polysomes produce albumin but do not synthesize metallothionein. The cell-free synthesis of metallothionein by free polysomes was also demonstrated by isolation of nascent metallothionein by Sephadex gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. In adult rat liver there are two forms of metallothionein and both were produced in vitro by free polysomes. PMID- 7248846 TI - Spatial compatibility effects with hemifield presentation in a unimanual two finger task. PMID- 7248844 TI - Identification and localization in tachistoscopic recognition: the effects of data- and resource-limitations. PMID- 7248848 TI - Scalp and direct cortical recordings of somatosensory evoked potentials in man (circa 1967). PMID- 7248849 TI - Selective auditory attention and early event-related potentials: a rejoinder. PMID- 7248850 TI - The analysis of stimulus probability inside and outside the focus of attention, as reflected by the auditory N1 and P3 components. PMID- 7248851 TI - Temporal and sequential probability in evoked potential studies. PMID- 7248853 TI - Evoked potential studies of visual perception. PMID- 7248852 TI - Memory processes and evoked potentials. PMID- 7248854 TI - A new temperate phage of streptomyces venezuelae: morphology, DNA molecular weight and host range of SV2. AB - A new, narrow host range temperate phage, SV2, was isolated from soil. It lysogenized and lysed strains of Streptomyces venezuelae and seemed to be specific for this species. In general morphology, the virions were typically lambdoid, but had unusually ringed tails similar to those of some rare phages isolated from hosts belonging to different bacterial genera. The molecular weight of double-stranded linear SV2 DNA, estimated at about 24 X 10(6), was lower than the published values for other Streptomyces phages. PMID- 7248855 TI - Importation of salmonellae with aquarium species. AB - An examination of shipments of aquarium species arriving in Canada over a 2-year period revealed that one-third of the shipments of aquarium snails and aquarium frogs were contaminated with Salmonella. Salmonella were also isolated from a shipment of aquarium newts but were not recovered from goldfish. Included among these salmonellae were four of the serovars most commonly associated with human salmonellosis in Canada. Several unusual salmonellae were also isolated including a Salmonella florida that produced a delayed, weakly positive o-nitrophenyl-beta D-galactosidase reaction, and a bacteriophage 14 lysogenized Salmonella mbandaka. The association of salmonellae with aquarium species is clearly adding to the pool of this human pathogen in Canada, and may contribute to human infections. PMID- 7248856 TI - Nitrogen fixation and methane metabolism in a stream sediment-water system amended with leaf material. AB - The reduction of acetylene and the production and oxidation of methane in a stream sediment--water system amended with either fresh leaves or autumn-shed leaves in the presence and absence of air were studied. Net methane production by the sediment--water system occurred only when leaf material was added, with fresh leaves giving 2.2 times the methane accumulation as autumn-shed leaves. Static incubation in the presence of air had little effect on net methane production, with such production being about the same as (with fresh leaves) or 79% of (with autumn-shed leaves) the anaerobic rates. Acetylene reduction was more affected by the presence of air, with anaerobic rates being at very low levels. The presence of fresh leaves was again stimulatory, with the acetylene reduction rate being 5.5-fold greater than that occurring with autumn-shed leaves. PMID- 7248858 TI - Production of protoplasts in different yeasts by mutanase. AB - Mutanase (Mutanase Novo) affects the high frequency production of protoplasts in the following strains of yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Kluyveromyces lactis, Trichosporon pullulans, and Schwanniomyces alluvius. Regeneration frequencies varied with the strain used and ranged between 10 and 18%. This enzyme preparation appears to be a very useful means of obtaining protoplasts from a wide variety of yeasts currently being used for experimental purposes. PMID- 7248857 TI - Changes in the chemical composition of oospores of Pythium aphanidermatum during bimodal germination. AB - The developmental mode by which oospores of Pythium aphanidermatum germinate may be controlled by the concentration of glucose present in the germination medium. When incubated in a liquid medium containing emulsified lecithin without added glucose (S + L), oospores germinated indirectly, with zoospore release occurring during the 10th to 13th h. A decrease in dry weight of the fungus took place by the 13th h of indirect germination. When 0.2 mM glucose was added to S + L, the dry weight of germlings increased and direct germination occurred without zoospore formation. Polar lipid comprised the bulk of total acylglycerides of dormant oospores. A greater decrease in total fatty acid content took place during direct germination than during indirect germination. During both developmental modes of germination, polar lipid content decreased considerably; neutral lipids, however, increased during indirect germination and decreased during direct germination. Protein content of the fungus increased in both developmental modes of germination, being initially 9.7% of the dry weight of dormant oospores. After 13 h of incubation, KOH-soluble polysaccharide decreased by 35% during direct germination and by 48% during indirect germination. PMID- 7248859 TI - Ampicillin resistance in Neisseria denitrificans: studies on ampicillin-sensitive enzymes. AB - The beta-lactam sensitivities of enzymes involved in peptidoglycan synthesis were examined in two strains of Neisseria denitrificans having widely disparate degrees of ampicillin sensitivity. One strain of n. denitrificans was 400 times more resistant to ampicillin than the other; the former is known to have altered penicillin-binding proteins. No differences in the levels of sensitivities of total peptidoglycan synthesis as measured by the incorporation of glutamate into peptidoglycan, or of D-alanine carboxypeptidase, were observed between the two strains. However, the rate of glutamate incorporation into peptidoglycan by logarithmic growth phase cells was somewhat less for the ampicillin-resistant cells than for the parent cells. PMID- 7248860 TI - How to select the right margarine for your patients. PMID- 7248861 TI - Amantadine for influenza A. PMID- 7248862 TI - Triamterene urolithiasis. PMID- 7248864 TI - Ocular toxocariasis. PMID- 7248863 TI - Late local allergic response to insect sting. PMID- 7248865 TI - Role of the family physician in the management of psychologic crises in children and their families. PMID- 7248866 TI - Wood exposure and smoking: association with cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in British Columbia. AB - A case-control study of 121 men seen for cancer of the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses in British Columbia between 1939 and 1977 showed increased relative risks associated with occupations involving exposure to wood (2.5) and with smoking (4.9). The occupations involved were chiefly forestry and carpentry. Both risk factors appeared to be associated with the principal sites within the nasal cavity paranasal sinuses and with most histologic subtypes of cancer. PMID- 7248867 TI - Use of cimetidine in hospital patients. AB - The use of cimetidine in 137 patients in a large Canadian teaching hospital was assessed prospectively. About 80% of the patients received the drug for treatment and 20% received it for prophylaxis. All of the prophylactic indications as well as some of the treatment indications have not been approved by the health protection branch of the Department of National Health and Welfare, nor do most have adequate literature documentation. The duration of therapy varied from less than 3 days to more than 2 months. The average cost of cimetidine therapy was $40.71. The dosage was not adjusted in over 50% of the patients in whom impairment of renal function was serious enough to warrant consideration of a dosage reduction. Approximately half of the patients received concurrent antacid therapy. Although cimetidine is relatively safe, its use in this institution was less than optimal. PMID- 7248868 TI - Radioimmunoassay of serum myoglobin in screening for acute myocardial infarction. AB - Over an 8-month period 289 patients consecutively admitted to a coronary care unit were studied to assess the value of serum myoglobin determinations by radioimmunoassay in screening for acute myocardial infarction. Of the 289 patients 127 (44%) had an infarction. It was found that when blood sampling was done within 5 to 15 hours after the onset of chest pain this assay had a sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of more than 97%. In this study healthy young adults had a mean serum myoglobin level of 37 +/- 11 (standard deviation) ng/ml, and values above 80 ng/ml were considered positive for acute myocardial infarction. False-positive results can be due to stock, vigorous exercise, skeletal muscle damage and several renal failure, but, except for the last one, these conditions also caused an increase in the serum level of the creatine kinase isoenzyme CK-MB. PMID- 7248871 TI - How community doctors can have easy access to the medical literature. PMID- 7248869 TI - Survival after recurrence of breast cancer. AB - A series of 456 patients with cancer of the breast that was first diagnosed between 1961 and 1970 were studied to determine the effect of certain prognostic factors on survival after recurrence. The prognostic factors studied included those recorded at the time of initial diagnosis and at the time of recurrence. Life-table and log-rank methods were used to analyse the influence of individual prognostic factors, and the simultaneous effects of multiple factors were assessed with Cox's proportional hazards model. The analysis indicated that, in addition to the strong effect of the length of the free interval and the nature and number of sites of recurrence, variables assessed at the time of initial diagnosis -- stage and histologic subtypes of the tumour -- also influenced survival after recurrence. This supports the contention that the presenting characteristics of breast cancer reflect the underlying biologic aggressiveness of the tumour as much as the length of time the tumour has been present. PMID- 7248870 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis: multiple relapses after treatment with metronidazole. PMID- 7248873 TI - [A case of thrombocytopenia in a Collie dog (author's transl)]. AB - A case of thrombocytopenia in a Collie dogIdiopathic thrombocytopenia, the most common cause of the hemorrhagic syndrome in the dog, was diagnosed in an adult male Collie. The bleeding tendency was manifested by anemia, ecchymotic hemorrhages, melena and bilateral epistaxis. Hook-worms increased the anemia. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by a reduced platelet count. Prednisone was the specific treatment. PMID- 7248872 TI - Mineralized onchocercal lesions resembling tuberculosis in cattle. Report of cases from meat inspection. AB - Nematodes of the genus Onchocerca were found in mineralized foci in subcutaneous tissues near the stifle joint in several animals and in the gastrosplenic ligament in one case. These tissues were submitted to this laboratory by veterinary meat inspectors suspecting lesions of bovine tuberculosis. PMID- 7248874 TI - Possible fenthion toxicity in magpies (Pica pica). AB - Unusual mortality in magpies (Pica pica) is described. Dead or sick birds were discovered in proximity to cattle in Alberta feedlots. Subsequent examinations indicated magpies were being exposed to fenthion, an organophosphate used on cattle for control of warble larvae and lice. The possibility of toxicity with fenthion is suggested. PMID- 7248875 TI - Hemophilus pneumonia in B.C. swine. PMID- 7248877 TI - Basic canine and feline electrocardiography. PMID- 7248876 TI - Monensin toxicity in broiler chickens. PMID- 7248878 TI - Relationship of peripheral estrogens and testosterone concentrations to sexual behavior in normal and cystic cows. AB - Peripheral estrogens and testosterone values on each day of the estrous cycle in the plasma of normal cows (n=6) were compared to those in single serum samples from cystic animals. The highest plasma testosterone was detected on the day before estrus (day 20), and estrogen peaks were observed on days 16 and 20. Serum from cows (n=125) with cystic ovarian degeneration, previously classified as either anestrous or nymphomaniac, was assayed only for either estrogens or testosterone. Additional serum samples were collected from 39 cystic cows to measure both steroids. Almost all of the results from cystic animals were within or below the ranges recorded in the normal cows. No significant differences for either steroid was found between the anestrous or nymphomaniac groups (P>.05). Therefore, it was not possible to demonstrate any relationship between either hormone or behavioral pattern. PMID- 7248879 TI - Taste preferences and their relation to obesity in dogs and cats. AB - In the laboratory situation the preferences of dogs and cats for food seem to be relatively uniform. Cats prefer fish and commercial cat food to rats. Dogs prefer beef, pork and lamb to chicken, liver and horsemeat and strongly prefer meat to cereal diets. They prefer canned meat to fresh meat, ground meat to cubed meat and cooked meat to raw meat. Canned or semimoist preparations are preferred to dry ones. Pet dogs have much more variable preferences according to their owner's subjective evaluation. A variety of factors seem to be related in an as yet unknown way to some flavor preferences of pet dogs, i.e. the dog's sex/reproductive status, weight and relationship to owners and the content of the dog's meals. The complicated interaction between (a) a pet's taste, texture and olfactory sensation, (b) its owner's perception of the pet and its preferences and (c) its physical and social environment deserves further investigation. Obesity can result from endocrinological causes such as those following ovariohysterectomy, but most cases appear to be related to owner-induced variables. In a kennel situation most, but not all, dogs can be allowed free access to palatable food without becoming obese. PMID- 7248881 TI - Conjunctival pedicle grafts used to repair corneal perforations in the horse. AB - Four horses with corneal perforations of various etiologies were presented for surgical correction. Pedicle grafts taken from the bulbar or palpebral conjunctiva were used to repair the defects. Two horses regained functional vision in the affected eyes while a third had significant impairment. The fourth eye, which had an intense uveitis pre and postoperative, became phthisic and blind. PMID- 7248882 TI - Closed pyometra in a bitch treated by a marsupialization technique. PMID- 7248880 TI - An abattoir survey of the incidence of pneumonia in Saskatchewan swine and an investigation of the microbiology of affected lungs. AB - The lungs of 15 409 pigs, mostly from Saskatchewan, slaughtered at an abattoir were examined over a one year period. The incidence of lesions was 36.7% for "enzootic" pneumonia and 2.1% for pleurisy unassociated with pneumonia. Seasonal variations were recorded and compared with the results of similar surveys carried out in Australia, Belgium and England. Mycoplasmological examination of lungs from 347 animals was consistently negative for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Pasteurella multocida was the commonest bacterial isolate, a result which agrees with those of other workers. PMID- 7248883 TI - Income splitting--a facet of tax planning. PMID- 7248884 TI - Abortion due to Pasteurella haemolytica in a cow. PMID- 7248885 TI - Possible monensin poisoning in a group of bulls. AB - Apparent monensin toxicity was diagnosed in a group of Maine Anjou bulls placed on a performance test in a commercial feedyard in east central Saskatchewan. The clinical, hematological and pathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure. The suspected dose ingested by the bulls was based on a mixing error evident from the feedlot's daily feed journal. When deaths in the group of bulls began to occur, the intoxicating feedstuff was no longer available for confirmation of the diagnosis. PMID- 7248886 TI - Unusual skeletal deformities in calves in a Saskatchewan beef herd. AB - A very high incidence of posterior paresis in growing calves was casued by abnormal development of the vertebral column. The pathological changes were focal premature synostoses of vertebral growth plates with resulting reduction in size of the vertebral canal. Malacic changes were seen in sections from all areas of the spinal cord. Abnormalities in growth of the cranium and appendicular skeleton were also present. The growth plates in the cranial base were prematurely closed and the cranial cavity was shortened. Long bones were shortened and distorted. Possible causes include teratogenic plants or chemicals, mineral deficiencies, and hypervitaminosis A. PMID- 7248887 TI - Adamantinoma--histogenesis and differentiation from the periodontal fibromatous epulis and squamous cell carcinoma. AB - Six cases of oral adamantinoma, four in dogs, two in cats, are described. This is a rare tumor which arises from vestigial layers of the dental laminae in the gingiva, particularly of the mandible. Care must be exercised in not confusing this locally aggressive lesion with the much more common squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 7248891 TI - Two cases of mycobacteriosis in psittacine birds. AB - Two cases of mycobacteriosis in individual psittacine birds from two separate small aviaries are described. The lesions consisted of infiltration of organs with large macrophages, containing numerous acidfast organisms. There was no caseation or encapsulation of the lesions. No microbiological studies were conducted as mycobacteriosis was not suspected at the time of necropsy. PMID- 7248890 TI - Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis: a report of two cases from Western Canada. AB - Two cases of nonsuppurative myeloencephalitis are reported which clinically and pathologically resemble equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. Lesions in both horses were associated with Toxoplasma-like organisms visible in microscopic sections. Clinical signs and lesions in one case primarily involved the brain and in the other case principally involved the spinal cord and associated meninges. Positive identification of the organisms was not achieved; however, the etiological agent is unlikely to be a species of Toxoplasma. Recently published studies suggest a species of Sarcocystis is involved. PMID- 7248888 TI - Congenital musculosketal lesions and hyperplastic goitre in foals. AB - Seven foals with multiple congenital musculoskeletal abnormalities are described. Rupture of common digital extensor tendons, forelimb contracture, and mandibular prognathism were common findings. Severe hyperplastic goitre was consistently present. PMID- 7248889 TI - Alleged mycotoxicosis in swine: review of a court case. AB - Vomition and diarrhea in feeder pigs, and signs of hyperestrogenism in sows and pregnant gilts in a large swine operation were thought to be caused by mycotoxins. Various toxicoanalytical tests performed were negative and the cause of the disease was never clearly established. On the basis of the Sale of Goods legislation, a court ruled that the company supplying the feed was responsible for the losses that occurred. The veterinary and legal aspects of the case are reviewed, and it is concluded that there is a need for reliable and readily available laboratory diagnosis of toxins in feedstuff. The importance of gathering whatever evidence is available and of conducting whatever tests are capable of being conducted, is stressed. PMID- 7248893 TI - Fusobacteremia in a calf with necrotic stomatitis, enteritis and granulocytopenia. AB - This case of fusobacteremia appears to be identical to an interesting and unusual syndrome previously reported. We wish to bring the syndrome to the attention of others who may be able to elucidate the etiology further. Because hematological examinations are frequently not done on calves, this condition may be more common than reports suggest. Perhaps others who observe this syndrome in calves may be able to investigate the role of other agents such as viruses or mycotoxins. Experimental work may be able to establish whether or not the exotoxins of Fusobacterium necrophorum can suppress granulopoiesis. PMID- 7248892 TI - Klossiella equi in the kidneys of a horse. AB - The protozoan, Klossiella equi was found in the kidneys of an aged Shetland mare raised in the Fredericton area of New Brunswick. This is the first published report of K. equi in a horse in Canada. The microscopic appearance of the parasite in the kidney is described. A brief discussion of other conditions seen in the horse is also presented. PMID- 7248895 TI - Invasive carcinoma of the renal pelvis following cyclophosphamide therapy for nonmalignant disease. AB - A 47-year-old woman with right hydroureteronephrosis due to ureterovesical junction obstruction had gross hematuria after being treated for five years wtih cyclophosphamide for cerebral vasculitis. A right nephroureterectomy was required for control of bleeding. The pathology specimen contained clinically occult invasive carcinoma of the renal pelvis. Although the ability of cyclophosphamide to cause hemorrhagic cystitis and urine cytologic abnormalities indistinguishable from high grade carcinoma is well known, it is less widely appreciated that it is also associated with carcinoma of the urinary tract. Twenty carcinomas of the urinary bladder and one carcinoma of the prostate have been reported in association with its use. The present case is the first carcinoma of the renal pelvis reported in association with cyclophosphamide treatment. It is the third urinary tract cancer reported in association with cyclophosphamide treatment for nonmalignant disease. The association of the tumor with preexisting hydroureteronephrosis suggests that stasis prolonged and intensified exposure of upper urinary tract epithelium to cyclophosphamide. Patients who are candidates for long-term cyclophosphamide treatment should be routinely evaluated for obstructive uropathy. PMID- 7248894 TI - Cytogenetic studies of bone marrow in breast cancer patients after adjuvant chemotherapy. AB - Bone marrow chromosome studies were done on three patients who developed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia 5 to 19 months after completion of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, and on 17 breast cancer patients without hematologic disease 2 to 30 months after similar adjuvant therapy. Clones of cells with multiple cytogenetic abnormalities were demonstrated in two of the three leukemic patients. No chromosomally abnormal clones or evidence of increased chromosome damage was found in the 17 nonleukemic individuals. Although leukemias induced by chemotherapy, and particularly by alkylating agents, typically show multiple cytogenetic alterations, it appears that patients recently exposed to these agents, but without obvious hematopoietic disorders, do not have a high frequency of aberrant marrow clones. Additional approaches may be needed for early identification of patients at increased risk for chemotherapy-induced leukemia. PMID- 7248896 TI - Pineal and ectopic pineal tumors: the role of radiation therapy. AB - Seventeen patients wih pineal tumors and one ectopic (suprasellar) germinoma were treated with radiation therapy. Surgery was restricted to decompression in 16 patients, and only two patients had resection of the tumor. Thirteen of 18 patients are alive without evidence for disease with a ten-year survival rate of 88%. The tumor dose ranged from 4000 rads to 6000 rads. No age or dose dependence in survival was noted, but patients with whole brain irradiation or generous volume to include ventricular system had better survival. No case of spinal metastasis was noted. The possibility of increased incidence of meningeal seeding following surgical intervention is considered. From their data, the authors feel that radiation therapy with or without surgical decompression should be the primary treatment for pinealoma. Surgery can be used for diagnosis and/or treatment of patients who show delayed response to radiation. Recommendation is made for the use of whole brain irradiation to 4000 rads followed by a boost to the tumor area to 5000 rads. PMID- 7248897 TI - Iodocholesterol adrenal scanning for the detection of adrenal metastases in lung cancer and its clinical significance. AB - Detection of adrenal metastases is difficult. Since metastatic growth fails to destroy sufficient adrenal tissue to produce clinical symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, and since adrenal metastases have been reported in 28--36% of autopsied patients with primary lung cancer, the authors studied 25 patients with lung cancer by using iodocholesterol adrenal scans. Six patients (24%) were found to have abnormal scans suggestive of adrenal metastases by this technique. Two of these patients were confirmed by biopsy to have adrenal metastases. Four of the six patients died within a mean of six weeks of the positive scan. Iodocholesterol adrenal scanning appears to be a promising noninvasive technique in the detection of adrenal metastases. The prognostic significance of adrenal metastases is discussed. PMID- 7248899 TI - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and ovarian dermoid cysts: case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) associated with an ovarian dermoid cyst is presented. Early recognition and specific therapy for this entity is stressed for optimal results since conventional forms of therapy of AIHA are ineffectual. Unusual features of the case are discussed. The literature is reviewed and possible mechanisms of the hemolytic process are discussed. PMID- 7248898 TI - The development of metastases within a field of previous irradiation: a case report. AB - The development of metastatic chest wall growths from a primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma is described. The growths developed only in areas previously irradiated prophylactically and sharply outlined the treatment portals. The adjacent skin appeared completely normal. The possible mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are reviewed. PMID- 7248900 TI - Ultrastructural characteristics of therapy-related acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: evidence for a panmyelosis. AB - Leukemic cells from 13 patients with therapy-related acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were studied by electron microscopy. All of the patients had radiotherapy, and/or alkylating agent chemotherapy for other neoplastic disease 25 to 182 months prior to the diagnosis of ANLL. All cases manifested ultrastructural evidence of a panmyelopathy. All marrow cell lines exhibited nuclear--cytoplasmic asynchrony and abnormalities of cell size. Developing granulocytes exhibited decreased primary and/or secondary granule formation and abnormal granules characterized by irregular shape, large size and internal membranous lamellae. Monocytes showed perinuclear bundles of microfilaments. In some cases, the predominant leukemic blasts showed evidence of early basophil granule development which was not appreciated in light microscopy. Abnormalities in erythroid cells included abundant intracristal mitochondrial iron, large vacuoles, infoldings of redundant membrane and membrane-bound nuclear blebs and intranuclear clefts. Megakaryocytes manifested decreased numbers of granules and demarcation membranes. Excessively large platelets with decreased or abnormal granules were identified; giant compound granules with irregular contour and variable electron density were present. Several of the changes in the developing hematopoietic cells were similar to those described in preleukemia and in certain nonneoplastic disorders. The consistent panmyelosis in therapy-related ANLL together with several uniform clinical features defines a specific clinicopathologic entity. PMID- 7248901 TI - A neoplastic epithelial duct cell line established from an irradiated human salivary gland. AB - Transformed epithelial cells were isolated by using tissue culture techniques from an irradiated human submandibular salivary gland which showed no neoplastic lesion. These cells, carrying colony-forming ability in semisolid agar, formed a semiconfluent monolayer with occasional tubular arrangement. All transformed clones were demonstrated by electron microscopic examination to be only one type of cells having fine structure similar to intercalated duct cells. Of six clones isolated, one clone with stable growth was cultured within the sponge matrix, resulting in formation of duct-like structure with mucinous eosinophilic substance. Moreover, inoculation of the cloned cells into nude mice resulted in a production of adenocarcinoma with solid and trabecular pattern. These findings indicate that a human intercalated duct cell line carrying tumorigenicity is established from a human submandibular salivary gland with an exposure to irradiation. PMID- 7248902 TI - Sideroblastic anemia associated wtih hairy cell leukemia. AB - A patient with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis ("hairy cell" leukemia) with sideroblastic anemia and an epinephrine-induced platelet-aggregation abnormality is presented. Immunologic membrane marker studies supported a B-lymphocyte origin of the hairy cells. It is hypothesized that a defect in the pluripotent marrow stem cell may be responsible for the hairy cell leukemia and for the intrinsic abnormalities in erythrocytes and platelets. PMID- 7248903 TI - Adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix: an underdiagnosed lesion. AB - Although invasive adenocarcinoma of the cervix constitutes 5--15% of all cervical cancers, the in situ counterpart is underrepresented in the published series of percursor lesions of cervical cancer. Moreover, no cases are known to have been published in which in situ adenocarcinoma preceded invasive cancer. Partly, this can be explained by the fact that in situ adenocarcinoma is an underdiagnosed lesion. In a series of 52 cases of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix, 18 "negative" endocervical biopsies, taken 3--7 years prior to the clinical presentation of cancer, were available for study. In five of these cases, areas of adenocarcinoma in situ were found. The quantitative parameters of these "missed" adenocarcinomas in situ and adenocarcinomas in situ adjacent to invasive cancer were the same. The in situ lesions differed significantly from benign endocervical epithelium. This study strongly suggests that these lesions may progress to invasive cancer. With the acquired information on the quantitative features of adenocarcinoma in situ cells, the most significant criteria for routine diagnostic practice can be identified. PMID- 7248904 TI - Causes of death in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - The causes of death and postmortem findings in patients treated for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at a single institution over a 13-year period were reviewed. Postmortem examination (70% of the entire sample) revealed evidence of lymphoma in 67 of 80 patients. The most frequent extranodal sites of involvement were the respiratory tract, bone marrow, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract in that order. The most common cause of death was infection (33% of cases). Predisposing factors for infection included the underlying disease, (i.e., lymphomatous infiltration of organ systems) and granulocytopenia secondary to combination chemotherapy. Other causes of death included hemorrhage and respiratory failure secondary to lymphomatous infiltration of the lung. Despite advances in therapy and supportive care of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, many patients still die of this disease or of sequelae related to its treatment. PMID- 7248905 TI - The postabsorptive urinary hydroxyproline (spot-HYPRO) in patients with multiple myeloma. AB - The simple postabsorptive urine hydroxyproline (Spot-HYPRO) with dialyzable and non-dialyzable (ND) fractions was measured in 28 patients with multiple myeloma. Myeloma patients with bone disease had higher total Spot-HYPRO and dialyzable fractions (P less than 0.001) than myeloma patients without bone disease or controls. The ND fraction of the Spot-HYPRO was elevated in myeloma patients with renal disease as compared with myeloma patients without renal disease and controls (P less than 0.01). Follow-up studies of ten myeloma patients demonstrated a close correlation between Spot-HYPRO and the dialyzable fraction and the evolution of bone disease. The Spot-HYPRO and its dialyzable fraction constitute a simple, inexpensive, and accurate test for the diagnosis and follow up of the skeletal disease in patients with multiple myeloma. PMID- 7248906 TI - Monoclonal gammopathies in Sezary syndrome: a report of four new cases and a review of the literature. AB - Clinical and laboratory findings of four patients with Sezary syndrome and monoclonal gammopathy are presented. In the literature five cases with the association of these symptoms have been reported. Among the authors' series of 13 patients with Sezary syndrome, monoclonal gammopathy was observed far more often than could be expected from its natural incidence. It appears likely that monoclonal gammopathy is related to Sezary syndrome. PMID- 7248907 TI - Serum protein changes in women with early breast cancer. AB - Lowered serum concentrations of albumin, IgG, IgM, and transferrin have been identified preoperatively in a population of otherwise healthy white women over age 40 with early stage breast cancer. Definition of low values for each of the four serum proteins has been arrived at via comparison with age-matched controls, consisting of disease-free women and women with benign breast lesions. Thus defined, low values for the individual serum proteins have been found to occur in malignant/control study subjects at the following frequencies: albumin 68%/4.7% (P less than 0.0001); IgG 56%/21% (P less than 0.02); IgM 59%/19% (P less than 0.001), and transferrin 50%/4.7% (P less than 0.0001). Among the relevant historical and pathologic data evaluated in addition to the presence or absence of malignancy, only age has been found significant in influencing serum protein concentrations, and this has been taken into account in analyzing results. Forty four percent of study subjects subsequently found to have breast cancer have low concentrations of at least three of the four discriminant proteins simultaneously in the pre-operative sample. None of the controls have these findings. Twenty nine percent of women with a malignant breast lesion and 9% of controls have simultaneously low concentrations of two of the four discriminant proteins. Using these measurements of serum proteins it thus becomes possible to assign risk of malignancy when a woman is found to have a breast mass. PMID- 7248908 TI - Adenomas of the small intestine: a clinicopathologic review of 51 cases and a study of their relationship to carcinoma. AB - The authors studied 51 patients who had small bowel tumors that contained adenomatous epithelium. These rare lesions were identified among 392,000 surgical pathology cases seen during a 62-year period. Grossly and histologically, adenomas arising in the mucosa of the small intestine are similar to the adenomas found in the colon. Of the 51 patients, 18 had adenomas, and 33 had tumors that contained both adenoma and carcinoma in the same lesion, including five intramucosal and 28 invasive carcinomas. The location of the tumor usually determined which clinical problems were produced. The data indicate that adenomas originating in the small bowel mucosa probably are premalignant lesions and that many primary adenocarcinomas of the small intestine arise in adenomas. Of the authors' 130 apparently primary small bowel carcinomas (including the papilla of Vater), 33 (25%) histologically demonstrated adenomatous epithelium in the same lesion. Factors associated with an increased chance of finding carcinoma in an adenoma include adenoma type, size of lesion, location, and multicentricity. Carcinomas appear to develop more frequently in papillary (villous) adenomas than in ordinary adenomas. The larger the lesion is, the more likely carcinoma will be identified. Adenomas involving the ampulla contain carcinoma more often than do lesions found elsewhere in the duodenum and small intestine. Three patients had multiple adenomatous polyps of the small bowel; two of these individuals also had duodenal carcinomas. Various problems in pathologic diagnosis and clinical management are discussed. PMID- 7248909 TI - Transformation of the common wart into squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with primary lymphedema. AB - A patient is reported in whom treatment-resistant periungual and subungual warts underwent malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma. Similar changes were observed in multiple warts of the vulvar, perianal, and intravaginal as well as cervical area. The tumors that develop were in many instances microinvasive but did not metastasize. The remarkable conversion of a common wart into a squamous cell carcinoma further implicates the human papovavirus in oncogenesis. The specific factors accountable for the malignant change remain completely unknown, but the patient's lymphedema praecox, as well as her severe reaction to vaccinia, and her development of a disseminate systemic Mycobacterium scrofulaceum infection suggest that the critical factor may be one of immunity. PMID- 7248910 TI - Adenocarcinoid tumor of the colon arising in preexisting ulcerative colitis. AB - Patients with ulcerative colitis are at increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the colon. The authors describe a patient whose colonic neoplasm demonstrated histologic characteristics of both an adenocarcinoma and a carcinoid tumor and which was pathologically identical to a appendiceal adenocarcinoid. Because individual tumor cells stained positively for both mucin and argentaffin granules, the histologic picture is unique among the malignancies seen in patients with ulcerative colitis and cannot be explained as a composite of two independent neoplasms that have grown together. Since the tumor discussed seems to have originated from a single cell line, the theory that carcinoids develop from neural crest cells which have migrated to embryonic gut endoderm must be regarded with considerable doubt. PMID- 7248911 TI - Solitary myeloma: clinical and prognostic features of a review of 114 cases. AB - Within plasma cell disorders, solitary myeloma is rare as compared with multiple myeloma. In order to evaluate their relationship, the clinical findings for 114 patients with solitary myeloma were compared with those for 70 patients having classic multiple myeloma. The period of follow up ranged from a few weeks to twenty-four years, and 68.5% of those with solitary myeloma alive at ten years. Although only 23% of patients with solitary myeloma had local or widespread recurrence after two years, at ten years 85% had experienced disease progression. Comparison of the 85% with disease progression with patients with multiple myeloma revealed that solitary myeloma occurred at a younger age (mean 52.1 years), more frequently in men (60.5%), less commonly with initial spinal involvement (61.8%), but more commonly with neurologic problems associated with spinal involvement (25%), and that much more commonly, no monoclonal component was detectable in serum and/or urine at the time of initial diagnosis (82.5%). There were only two significant differences between those patients with (85%) and without (15%) progression at ten years; the patients were younger (mean, 45.7 years) and spinal involvement (26.7%). However, was less common among patients without progression, and component monoclonal always disappeared following treatment with surgery and/or radiation therapy. It is thus concluded that solitary myeloma and multiple myeloma are clearly different clinical entities; however, most patients with solitary myeloma do eventually have multiple myeloma. PMID- 7248912 TI - Early distant metastases from epithelioid sarcoma of the hand. AB - The authors describe a patient with epithelioid sarcoma in whom the presenting lesion was cervical lymph node metastasis. This proved to be a difficult diagnostic problem, until the occult primary tumor was discovered in the ipsilateral hand. A cerebral metastasis became evident early in the course of the disease. The authors believe this to be the first case reported in whom the presenting lesion was a nonregional metastasis. The rapid clinical progression of this patient's malignancy is of interest and illustrates the need for early intervention in patients with an epithelioid sarcoma, since the clinical course is not always indolent. PMID- 7248913 TI - Patterns of other neoplasia in patients with endometrial carcinoma. AB - A cohort of 1192 patients with endometrial carcinoma were followed up to determine the frequency of other malignancies among them. The incidence rate of all types of cancer was not greater than in the general population. The relative risk of breast cancer after endometrial carcinoma was 1.3 times population rates. This increase, however, was confined to those who shared risk factors common to breast cancer--that is, nulliparity and, to a lesser extent, obesity. The parous, nonobese patient with endometrial carcinoma was not found to be at increased risk of subsequent breast cancer. An unusual occurrence of primary adenocarcinoma of the lung was found ten or more years after treatment for endometrial carcinoma. This increase was not associated with cigarette smoking. PMID- 7248915 TI - The effect of diagnostic review on the estimated incidence of lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms in Western Australia. AB - Diagnoses of 1443 patients from a population-based leukemia and allied disorders registry in Western Australia were subjected to diagnostic review, resulting in 235 deletions, 120 changes in diagnosis, and 23 undecided diagnoses. Deletions occurred mainly in lymphoma registrations, most of these being reclassified as other cancers. Among the patients whose names were deleted, 196 deaths occurred of whom 67 had leukemia or an allied disorder as the certified cause of death. Lymphoma incidence rates in Western Australia were lower than those reported from another Australian registry. Quality control of registration and special interests in diagnosis or classification of particular tumors may affect their reported incidence rates. PMID- 7248916 TI - Quasifree electron attachment to carcinogens in liquid cyclohexane. AB - The quasifree electron attachment rate constant, kappa e, was measured in liquid cyclohexane at 20 degrees C for 76 chemicals that had been tested for bacterial mutagenicity in at least one of five earlier studies designed to determine the correlation between bacterial mutagenicity and animal carcinogenicity. A millionfold range of kappa e's was observed with the kappa e of 37 of 42 carcinogens being equal to or greater than the diffusion-controlled electron attachment rate constant, kappa d, of 2.9 x 10(12) M-1 s-1, whereas kappa e was less than kappa d for 30 of 34 noncarcinogens. These results yield a sensitivity of 88 percent for kappa e greater than or equal to kappa d indicating a chemical's carcinogenicity and a specificity also of 88% for kappa less than kappa d indicating a noncarcinogenic chemical. The observed quasifree electron attachment sensitivity and specificity compare favorably with previously observed Ames-test mutagenicity/carcinogenicity correlations which suggests that kappa e measurements also may be of value in a carcinogen-screening program. PMID- 7248914 TI - Metastasizing malignant juxtaovarian tumor with terminal hypercalcemia: a case report. AB - A juxtaovarian tumor of probable mesonephric origin in an 18-year-old white woman recurred six years later with a pelvic mass and widespread peritoneal metastases. Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, and cis-platinum induced a partial response of approximately one year duration. The terminal disease course was associated with hypercalcemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. At autopsy, there were extensive abdominopelvic tumor masses with pleural deposits. PMID- 7248917 TI - Uptake and oxidation of elaidic acid by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - The present studies were designed to investigate some aspects of trans fatty acid metabolism by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, i.e., uptake, oxidation and incorporation into cellular lipids. Elaidic acid (18:1delta9, trans) was compared with its cis counterpart (oleic acid) and with stearic acid (18:0) in its metabolism. These studies indicate that tumor cells take up elaidic acid at the same rate as stearic acids. Stearic acid is taken up at a higher rate than oleic acid. The oxidation of these fatty acids to CO2 by tumor cells followed the same pattern of uptake, i.e., elaidic acid was oxidized at the same rate as stearic acid but at a higher rate than oleic acid. In that tumor cells are different from the normal cells that are known to oxidize trans fatty acids at a slower rate as compared with their cis counterparts. The incorporation of these fatty acids into tumor cell lipids was found to be different. These data indicate that tumor cells handle elaidic acid differently than normal cells in some aspects of its metabolism. PMID- 7248918 TI - Modeling the metabolic pathways of methylazoxymethanol: a semiempirical molecular orbital study. AB - The NDDO semiempirical molecular orbital method (Kikuchi, 1977; Kikuchi and Maeda, 1977) was used to model proposed nonenzymatic metabolic pathways for the decomposition of methazoxymethanol (MAM) to a methyldiazonium ion. It was found that the lowest transition path involved protonation of the azoxy oxygen atom to form a six-membered transition state structure which decomposes to the methyldiazonium ion, CH2O, and a hydroxyl ion. This metabolic pathway is consistent with models proposed by Druckrey and Lange (1972) and Miyadera (1975). The calculations also suggest that methylazoxyformaldehyde, an enzymatic product of MAM, may directly alkylate to nucleic acid base sites. PMID- 7248919 TI - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I from hepatomas: comparison of activity levels and properties. AB - Activity levels of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I (Pol I; ribonucleoside triphosphate: RNA ribonucleotidyl transferase, E.C. 2.7.7.6, eucaryotic type I) have been compared in five transplantable murine hepatomas and livers of three inbred mouse host strains. Three tumors (H6, H4 and H134) contained about 350-450 units of Pol I activity/g of tissue. Two hepatomas (H129 and BW7756) contained about 120-150 units of activity/g of tissue. Livers contained about 100-150 units/g of tissue. Chromatographic comparisons revealed that hepatoma Pol I is slightly less anionic than the liver enzyme. Thermal denaturation studies were carried out using Pol I partially purified from a high-activity line hepatoma (H6), a low-activity line hepatoma (H129) and livers of the appropriate host strains. Pol I from H6 tumors was denatured at 40 degrees C with a half-time of 2 min. The enzyme from H129 tumors and host livers was denaturated with a half-time of 7 min. These data indicate that hepatoma H6 expressed a structural variant of Pol I. This is the first Pol I variant ever reported. PMID- 7248920 TI - Quantum chemical studies of methyl and fluoro analogs of chrysene: metabolic activation and correlation with carcinogenic activity. AB - Specific electronic properties related to metabolic transformation and adduct formation by DNA were calculated for a series of methyl, dimethyl and n-fluoro-5 methyl derivatives of chrysene with the aim of identifying molecular properties which could be used as reliable indicators of their relative carcinogenic behavior. Using the semiempirical all valence electron IEHT method, the bay region bonds of 5MC were found to have enhanced nucleophilic reactivity to epoxide formation relative to chrysene. In addition, in one of the nonequivalent bay regions, the 1, 2, 3, 4 region, the distal (1, 2) bond was found to be more reactive than the proximal (3, 4) bond. This reactivity pattern leads to an easily formed diol epoxide carbocation, the postulated ultimate carcinogen. By contrast, in the other (7, 8, 9, 10) bay region, the proximal (9, 10) bond is the more reactive, suggesting formation of the "wrong," i.e., less stable diol epoxide carbocation. Consistent with earlier studies of other PAH, calculations by the INDO method of the ease of carbon cation formation from a bay region diol epoxide yielded a set of values which gave a good correlation with carcinogenicity. PMID- 7248922 TI - The effects of modulation of microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity on microsome catalyzed activation of benzo[alpha]pyrene and its covalent binding to DNA. AB - The effects of modulation of microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity on the binding of calf thymus DNA of benzo[alpha]pyrene metabolically activated by rat liver microsomes were investigated. In systems where microsomal epoxide hydrolase levels were not manipulated, 2 major bound species, one derived from 9 hydroxybenzo[alpha]pyrene and the other derived from benzo[alpha]pyrene 7,8 dihydrodiol, were found in approximately equivalent amounts. When epoxide hydrolase levels were increased, either by addition in vitro of purified enzyme or by induction in vivo by trans-stilbene oxide, the binding of the benzo[alpha]pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol product was increased, while the binding of the 9-hydroxybenzo[alpha]pyrene product was practically eliminated. When microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity was decreased by selective inhibition with low concentrations of 1,1,1-trichloropropene 2,3-oxide, the binding of the species derived from 9-hydroxybenzo[alpha]pyrene was increased several-fold, while that of the species derived from benzo[alpha]pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol was greatly decreased. The results indicate that the binding species derived from 9 hydroxybenzo[alpha]pyrene is formed through a metabolic pathway leading to an epoxide which is a substrate of microsomal epoxide hydrolase and that microsomal epoxide hydrolase is important in regulating the pattern of binding of individual microsomally-formed benzo[alpha]pyrene metabolites to DNA. PMID- 7248924 TI - Persistence and accumulation of (potential) single-strand breaks in liver DNA of rats treated with ethyl methanesulphonate. AB - In vivo alkylation of DNA leads to DNA fragmentation in alkaline sucrose gradients. In a previous paper (Chem.-Biol. Interact., 19 (1977) 111) we presented evidence that, depending on the experimental conditions, a major fraction of the single-stranded breaks observed might be derived from alkali labile alkylphosphotriesters. Using alkaline gradients the present paper shows that injection of ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) into Sprague-Dawley female rats results in significantly increased liver DNA fragmentation up to at least 56 days after injection. Accumulation of single-strand breaks was indicated by experiments in which at 6 days after the last of a series of 5 weekly EMS injections (5 X 110 mg/kg) 11.4 breaks/10(9) Dalton were found, being 3 times more than the number of breaks observed at 6 days after a single injection of 110 mg/kg EMS (3.8 breaks/10(9) Dalton). In animals treated with methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) single-strand breaks were observed at 4 h, 1 day and 2 days, but not at 6 days after injection (40 mg/kg). Repeated weekly injections of MMS (5 X 40 mg/kg) did not result in increased numbers of breaks when compared with animals receiving a single injection of this agent (1 X 40 mg/kg; animals were killed 1 day after (the last) injection). It is suggested that MMS-induced breaks are derived, either on the gradient or in situ, from apurinic sites, whereas persistent EMS-induced breaks reflect the presence of ethylphosphotriesters. The results are discussed in relation to the lacking capacity of EMS to induce foci of precancerous lesions in rat liver and the non hepatocarcinogenic properties of both MMS and EMS. PMID- 7248921 TI - Feedback control of cholesterol biosynthesis in rats fed the liver carcinogens benzidine and 2-acetylaminofluorene. AB - Dietary feedback control (DFC) of hepatic cholesterol synthesis is absent in hepatomas of trout, mouse, rat and man. DFC has also been shown to be defective in rats fed several liver carcinogens, including 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). These studies have led to the hypothesis that loss of normal DFC is an early and necessary event in the development of liver cancer. To test this hypothesis, we fed the liver carcinogens benzidine (0.006% in drinking water) or AAF (0.05% in chow) to male Sprague-Dawley rats for either 3 or 6 weeks. We measured cholesterol synthesis as the incorporation of 2-14C-acetate into digitonin precipitable sterols by liver slices. DFC was tested by adding 2% cholesterol to the diet for 3 days prior to sacrifice. DFC was defective in the AAF-fed rats but was normal in the benzidine-treated rats. These results are at variance with the previously stated hypothesis and, for the first time, suggest that defective DFC is not a consistent finding in the early stages of liver carcinogenesis. Additional research is necessary to explain why DFC is altered by exposure to some liver carcinogens such as AAF but unaffected by exposure to others such as benzidine. PMID- 7248923 TI - Arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 release and enhanced cell proliferation induced by the phorbol ester TPA in a murine epidermal cell line. AB - Addition of the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to a murine epidermal cell line leads to an early induction of the arachidonic acid cascade as measured by the release of [14C]arachidonic acid and [14C]prostaglandin E2 into the medium, to an induction of the ornithine decarboxylase and finally to cell proliferation. The results show that TPA induces the same sequence of biochemical events in vitro as in mouse epidermis in vivo. Thus, the in vitro system seems to be suitable to study the role of early membrane effects and membrane lipid turnover in the induction of cell proliferation and hyperplasia by TPA. PMID- 7248925 TI - Photodynamic effects on human cells exposed to light in the presence of hematoporphyrin. Localization of the active dye. AB - Human cells of the line NHIK 3025 were exposed to light in the presence of hematoporphyrin. Cellular inactivation, induction of single-strand breaks in the DNA and cellular uptake of hematoporphyrin were measured under different conditions. It was concluded that hematoporphyrin bound to or taken up by the cells leads to photoinactivation and photoinduction of single-strand breaks in the DAN, while hematoporphyrin present in the medium outside the cells is of no significant importance. PMID- 7248926 TI - The failure of chronically administered saccharin to stimulate bladder epithelial DNA synthesis in F0 rats. PMID- 7248927 TI - A source of error in mutagen testing of foods. AB - Mutagenic compounds reported to be present in foods may be forming during the extraction process rather than during cooking or baking. In this study, the formation of mutagenic substances in biscuits was examined using in the extraction procedure either ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydroxide or sodium sulfate and sodium hydroxide. Compounds producing high mutagenic activity in Salmonella strains 1538 and TA 98 obtained from aqueous biscuit extracts containing ammonium ions. No mutagenic activity was observed in extracts from aqueous biscuit extracts containing sodium ions until some ammonium ions (NH4OH) were added. We suggest that ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydroxide not be used in the extraction procedure of food when studying mutagen formation. PMID- 7248928 TI - Vitamin C acts as a cocarcinogen to methylcholanthrene in guinea-pigs. AB - Large doses of vitamin C were found to promote the induction of sarcomas by methylcholanthrene. The tumours appeared earlier in the group of guinea-pigs treated with vitamin C after injection of methylcholanthrene than in the control group injected with methylcholanthrene. The treatment of guinea-pigs with vitamin C after induction of tumours thus did not inhibit the growth of tumours. PMID- 7248930 TI - Methylation of hamster DNA by the carcinogen N-nitroso-bis (2-oxopropyl)amine. AB - The alkylation of hamster liver, lung and pancreas DNA by [1-14C]- and [2,3-14C]N nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine (BOP) has been examined. The specific activity of pancreas DNA after [2,3-14C]BOP administration was only 2% of that when [1 14C]BOP was given. 7-Methylguanine, but not O-6-methylguanine, was found in hydrolysates of liver and pancreas DNA. Nearly equal amount of alkylation were produced in the liver when [1-14C]- and [2,3-14C]BOP were given. At least one half of the radioactivity in the liver was associated with N-alkylated purines, whereas only 20% was in this form in the pancreas. PMID- 7248929 TI - The metabolic activation of benz[alpha]anthracene in three biological systems. AB - The 3,4- and 8,9-dihydrodiols of benz[alpha]anthracene (BA) are formed as metabolites of the parent hydrocarbon by rat-liver microsomes, by mouse skin and by hamster embryo cells. In incubations with rat-liver microsomal fractions, only small amounts of the 3,4-dihydrodiol of BA were detected relative to other dihydrodiol metabolites and only small amounts of BA-deoxyribonucleoside adducts derived from the related diol-epoxide, t-3, r-4-dihydroxy-t-1,2-oxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydrobenz[alpha]anthracene (anti-BA-3,4-diol 1,2-oxide), were detected relative to adducts derived from r-8,t-9-dihydroxy-t-10,11-oxy-8,9,10,11 tetrahydrobenz[alpha]anthracene (anti-BA-8,9-diol 10,11-oxide). However, in studies with mouse skin and hamster embryo cells, larger amounts of free 3,4 dihydrodiol were detected and a larger proportion of the hydrocarbon deoxyribonucleoside adducts resulted from the reaction of anti-BA-3,4-diol 1,2 oxide with DNA. PMID- 7248931 TI - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity in hydatidiform mole tissue and choriocarcinoma cells. AB - Prostaglandins may occupy an important role in viral and chemical carcinogen induced neoplasia. To evaluate the possible role of prostaglandin catabolism in neoplastic cells, we measured nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent 15 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity in hydatidiform mole tissue and in choriocarcinoma cells maintained in monolayer culture. The specific activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in hydatidiform mole tissue (0 to 1.2 nmol 15-ketoprostaglandin E2 formed x min-1 x mg-1 cytosolic protein) and in choriocarcinoma cells (1.0 nmol 15 ketoprostaglandin E2 x min-1 x mg-1 protein) was strikingly less than that found in normal placental tissue [11.4 +/- 2.3 (S.E.) nmol 15-ketoprostaglandin x min-1 x mg-1 protein]. PMID- 7248932 TI - Protective effect of an interspecies hybridoma on the tumorigenicity of mouse myeloma cells. AB - A rabbit lymphocyte-mouse myeloma hybridoma (RX54-3) was administered to BALB/c mice, in order to determine whether hybridoma cells have any protective effect on the tumorigenicity of the P3X63/Ag8 mouse myeloma cell line, one of the parents of this hybridoma. Two sublines of RX54-3 were studied. (a) "new" cells, which produce rabbit light chains and mouse immunoglobulin, are killed by anti-myeloma cell antiserum and complement and possess a high chromosome count. And (b) "old" cells, which have lost all immunoglobulin-producing capacity, are no longer killed by anti-myeloma cell antiserum and complement and possess a low chromosome count. In contrast to myeloma cells, the hybridoma cells were nontumorigenic in normal BALB/c mice, even at very high cell doses. When hybridoma cells were administered prior to challenge with P3X63/Ag8 myeloma cells, protection against development of myeloma tumors was much more effective with new cells than with old cells. Development of protection was dependent on the dose of hybridoma cells, their route of administration, their viability and ability to divide, and the time interval between administration of the hybridoma and myeloma cells. The protection produced by the new hybridoma cells was comparable to that seen after administration of a subtumorigenic dose of living myeloma cells. With both the hybridoma and myeloma cells, protection was seen only against challenge with P3X63/Ag8 myeloma cells but not against another myeloma tumor. These studies indicate that administration of somatic cell hybrids is an effective method of protecting syngeneic hosts against challenge with mouse myeloma tumor cells. PMID- 7248933 TI - Relationship of colonic mucosal background to neoplastic proliferative activity in dimethylhydrazine-treated mice. AB - Proliferative activity of background and neoplastic colonic mucosa was examined following five months of weekly injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (20 mg/kg) and one or four months of rest to determine whether previously reported changes may result from an acute or chronic effect of dimethylhydrazine and whether differences exist between stages of neoplasia. To determine whether neoplasia is responsive to a proliferative stimulus, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride treated mice were inoculated with Citrobacter freundii. The labeling index and the proliferative zone increased in background mucosa after one month; whereas after four months labeling index, proliferative zone and crypt heights increased, but the mitotic index decreased. There was a positive linear correlation between advancing tumor grade and increasing tumor labeling index and mitotic index. Background labeling index, even when elevated by C. freundii inoculation, had no effect upon tumor labeling index. Mitotic index diminished in background and neoplastic mucosa following prolonged rest and increased in both following C. freundii inoculation. These studies show that 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride causes long-term changes in background mucosa that are apart from a reparative response to cytotoxicity. As tumors progress, labeling index and mitotic index increase, suggesting a multistage process of evolution. PMID- 7248934 TI - Metabolism of alpha-naphthoflavone by rat liver microsomes. AB - alpha-Naphthoflavone (ANF) or 7,8-benzoflavone, a synthetic flavonoid, has been widely used in biochemical and biological studies concerning the mechanisms of action of chemical carcinogens. It has been shown previously that ANF inhibits benzo(a)pyrene metabolism by beta-naphthoflavone (BNF)-induced rat liver microsomes but has no inhibitory effects on benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in phenobarbital (PB)-induced rat liver microsomes. This study shows that ANF gives type 1 binding spectra with and is metabolized by both BNF- and PB-induced rat liver microsomes. Specific metabolites identified by ultraviolet and mass spectra and in some cases by cochromatography with authentic standards were: 6-hydroxy alpha-naphthoflavone, 9-hydroxy-alpha-naphthoflavone, alpha-naphthoflavone-5,6 oxide, and 5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxy-alpha-naphthoflavone. Metabolism at the 5,6 bond of ANF accounted for 73 and 86% of the total organic soluble metabolites produced by PB- and BNF-induced microsomes, respectively. This result is in concert with previous observations on the role of 6 substitution and the loss of inhibitory activity of ANF in BNF-induced rat liver microsomes. Metabolism of ANF is mediated by the cytochrome P-450 mixed-function oxidases, because it is dependent on NADPH and inhibited by carbon monoxide and other cytochrome P-450 inhibitors. BNF-induced microsomes metabolize ANF to 5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxy alpha-naphthoflavone to a much greater extent than do PB-induced microsomes. PMID- 7248936 TI - N2 atom of guanine and N6 atom of adenine residues as sites for covalent binding of metabolically activated 1'-hydroxysafrole to mouse liver DNA in vivo. AB - Administration of 1'-[2'-3'-3H]hydroxysafrole to adult female mice resulted in the formation of DNA-, ribosomal RNA-, and protein-bound adducts in the liver that reached maximum levels within 24 hr. The levels of all three macromolecule bound adducts decreased rapidly between 1 and 3 days after injection, at which time the amounts of the DNA-bound adducts essentially plateaued at approximately 15% of the maximum level. The amounts of the protein and ribosomal RNA adducts were very low by 20 days. Comparison by high-performance liquid chromatography of the deoxyribonucleoside adducts obtained from the hepatic DNA with those formed by reaction of deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine with 1'-acetoxysafrole, 1' hydroxysafrole-2',3'-oxide, and 1'-oxosafrole indicated that the four in vivo adducts studied were derived from an ester of 1'-hydroxysafrole. Three of the four in vivo adducts comigrated with adducts formed by reaction of 1' acetoxysafrole with deoxyguanosine; the fourth adduct comigrated with the major product of the reaction of this ester with deoxyadenosine. Adduct formation in vivo at low levels by the other two electrophilic metabolites was not excluded. The three adducts obtained by reaction of 1'-acetoxysafrole with deoxyguanosine appeared to be substituted on the 2-amino group of the guanine residue on the basis of their partitions between aqueous buffer solutions and 1-butanol:ethyl ether as a function of pH and their retention of 3H from [8-3H]deoxyguanosine. The corresponding three adducts derived from the hepatic DNA of mice given 1' [2',3'-3H]hydroxysafrole had pH partition patterns not significantly different from the three adducts formed in vitro. Adduct II was further characterized from its nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum as N2-(trans-isosafrol-3' yl)deoxyguanosine. Adduct IV, derived from the reaction of 1'-acetoxysafrole with deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate, was characterized in the same manner as N6-(trans isosafrol-3'-yl)deoxyadenosine. PMID- 7248935 TI - Cytotoxic and cytokinetic effects of thymidine, 5-fluorouracil, and deoxycytidine on HeLa cells in culture. AB - Exponentially growing HeLa cells were exposed to thymidine (dThd), 5-fluorouracil (FUra), and deoxycytidine (dCyd) singly and in combination for up to 3 days. Survivals were measured using a colony forming assay, and cytokinetic effects of the drugs were evaluated by flow cytometry and by determination of population growth rates. Increasing concentrations of dThd alone (up to 4 mM) progressively slowed the movement of cells through the cycle; dThd was toxic above 1 mM. Nontoxic levels of FUra (10(-5) M) inhibited cell progression, but this was abolished by very low concentrations (3 microM) of dThd. The cytotoxic effects of FUra were not reversed by dThd; in fact, the lethality of FUra was enhanced in some cases. dCyd alone had neither cytotoxic nor cytokinetic effects on HeLa cells up to 4 mM, but low concentrations reversed the cytotoxic effects of 4 mM dThd and high concentrations reversed its cytokinetic effects. When dCyd was added to the combination of dThd and FUra, synergistic lethality resulted even at 10(-5) M FUra. The mechanism by which this synergism was achieved was not simply increased incorporation of FUra into RNA since, while dThd did enhance this incorporation, dCyd did not further increase it. Our results suggest instead that dCyd either directly or indirectly inhibited the repair of FUra-associated damage or else enabled the cells to progress into a more sensitive phase of the cell cycle during exposure. PMID- 7248938 TI - Covalent binding of methotrexate to immunoglobulins and the effect of antibody linked drug on tumor growth in vivo. PMID- 7248937 TI - Glucocorticoid effects on HeLa S3 cell growth and thymidine incorporation. AB - Growth of HeLa S3 cells in monolayer cultures of Joklik's minimum essential medium, 5% fetal calf serum, and 2 mM glutamine in the presence of 10(-6) M dexamethasone results in an approximately 70% inhibition of exogenously added [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. In marked contrast, dexamethasone does not alter HeLa S3 cell growth rate under these conditions. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of dexamethasone is approximately 10(-9) M which correlates well with the dissociation constant of the nuclear glucocorticoid receptor at 37 degrees. Only active glucocorticoids, e.g., dexamethasone and cortisol, inhibit [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. 17 beta-Estradiol, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, and cortisone are ineffective. A measurable effect of dexamethasone at 10(-8) M occurs within 3 to 4 hr after hormone administration. The presence of transcriptional and translational inhibitors during exposure of the HeLa S3 cells to glucocorticoids blocks the accumulation of the hormone effect. Dexamethasone has little or no effect on uridine and leucine incorporation into RNA and protein, respectively, under these conditions. These results demonstrate that the incorporation of a DNA precursor is regulated by glucocorticoid hormones in HeLa S3 cells. This effect is most likely mediated via an alteration in the thymidine precursor pool specific activity. PMID- 7248939 TI - Phospholipid derivatives of nucleoside analogs as prodrugs with enhanced catabolic stability. AB - The nucleoside 5'-diphosphate-L-1,2-dipalmitin derivatives of 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C), 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A), and tubercidin have been synthesized, and their cytotoxicity has been evaluated against a mouse myeloma cell line (MPC-11) in vitro and against L1210 lymphoid leukemia both in vitro and in vivo. Sonication methods were utilized to solubilize these lipophilic derivatives in aqueous solution in order to facilitate such biological evaluation; the ara-A derivative resisted solubilization by several techniques. The nucleoside:phospholipid conjugates of ara-C and tubercidin both were cytotoxic towards the two cell lines, and detailed experiments were cytotoxic towards the two cell lines, and detailed experiments were carried out to show that the new derivatives (a) were not degraded in the medium prior to cellular uptake and (b) acted as prodrugs or molecular depots of the parent nucleoside analog. In addition, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5' diphosphate'5'-L-1,2-dipalmitin was not a substrate for cytidine deaminase (cytidine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.5), the primary enzyme responsible for the rapid catabolism of ara-C. In in vivo studies against L1210 lymphoid leukemia in mice, the 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-diphosphate-5'-L-1,2-dipalmitin showed an increased efficacy (increased life span, 260%) relative to the parent ara-C (increased life span, 89%) regardless of treatment schedule used, whereas the tubercidin 5'-diphosphate-5'-L-1,2-dipalmitin appeared extremely toxic even at low dosages. That 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-diphosphate-5'-L-1,2 dipalmitin was acting as a sustained release drug in vivo was demonstrated by utilizing a single dose administered on Days -1, 0, +1, and +2 relative to inoculation of the L1210 lymphoid leukemia cells on Day 0. Again, a much increased efficacy relative to the best treatment using ara-C was apparent. The potential advantages and the biochemical rationale for the development of these novel prodrugs are discussed. PMID- 7248940 TI - Release of monoclonal antibody-defined antigens by human colorectal carcinoma and melanoma cells. AB - Many but not all of the cell surface antigens studied were released into tissue culture medium of human colorectal carcinoma and melanoma cells maintained in vitro. Two groups of monoclonal antibody-defined antigens are described. One group is composed of molecules that are released easily and in large quantitites into the tissue culture milieu. In this group, four glycolipid antigens of colon carcinoma, including a monosialoganglioside, and five glycoproteins of melanoma were detected in tissue culture supernatants. Antigens of the second group could not be detected in tissue culture supernatants. This group included one colorectal carcinoma antigen, the nature of which is unknown, and a glycoprotein of melanoma cells. PMID- 7248941 TI - Seasonal variation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in human lymphocytes. AB - A seasonal variation was observed when aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity was measured in the cultured lymphocytes of 977 donors over a period of 2 1/2 years. The variation was strongest in AHH activity induced by 3 methylcholanthrene and was less apparent for AHH activity in lymphocytes grown without any inducer. The period of the seasonal variation is 1 year, and maximal induced AHH activity occurs during late summer and early fall with minimal activity 6 months later. Based on the average of all individuals tested during the highest and lowest weeks, induced AHH activity can be as much as 10-fold higher during the peak season. It is not possible to tell from these experiments whether the seasonal variation is tissue specific, occurring only in lymphocytes, or characteristic of microsomal oxidases in other tissues as well. PMID- 7248942 TI - Regulation of energy metabolism in Morris hepatoma 7777 and 7800. AB - The pathway of fat oxidation in two experimental hepatomas was studied in order to demonstrate that a specific deficit in the energy metabolism of a tumor might contribute to the cachexia of the host. Forty-eight male Buffalo rats were divided into four groups of 12 each. One group was implanted s.c. with Morris hepatoma 7777 and one group was implanted with Morris hepatoma 7800, whereas the other two groups served as controls. All groups were fed standard rat chow diet ad libitum until the tumors reached 2 cm in diameter. The animals were then fasted for 24 hr prior to sacrifice and excision of tumor and liver for assays. During the period of tumor growth, the animals bearing the 7777 hepatoma lost weight, but the weight of the 7800 hepatoma-bearing rats did not differ significantly from that of the control animals. The livers of both groups of animals showed evidence of fatty acid oxidation in vivo and in vitro, and, as expected, during fasting, pyruvate dehydrogenase was inactivated and the rate of fatty acid synthesis was low. A qualitatively similar picture was seen with the better-differentiated 7800 hepatoma. In contrast, the 7777 hepatoma exhibited low levels of fatty acyl coenzyme CoA, no appreciable activity of carnitine palmitoyl transferase and fortified homogenates of the tumor were unable to oxidize palmitate. In keeping with these observations, pyruvate dehydrogenase remained in the active form, and fatty acid synthesis continued unabated in the fasted state in these tumors. Ketone bodies could not be oxidized by fortified homogenates of the liver or by either tumor, probably due to the lack of 3-ketoacid thiotransferase, which was undetectable in these tissues. We hypothesize that flow-through pyruvate dehydrogenase during fasting in Morris hepatoma 7777, occurring as a result of the defect in fat oxidation, contributes to the weight loss of these animals. PMID- 7248943 TI - Circadian rhythmicity in DNA synthesis in untreated and saline-treated mice as a basis for improved chronochemotherapy. AB - DNA-synthetic activity (DNA-SA) was measured by liquid scintillation counting of the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into chemically isolated DNA from the tongue, stomach, terminal ileum, rectum, spleen, and bone marrow in mice standardized to a 12-hr light-12-hr dark cycle with light from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. Central Standard Time. One group of 200 mice was not treated or not touched (NT). A second group of 200 mice ws given an injection of 0.9% NaCl solution (SAL) at 5 a.m. Beginning at 8 a.m., or 3 hr after treatment with SAL, 10 mice from both the NT and SAL groups were killed every 3 hr for 60 hr. Statistically significant circadian rhythms in DNA-SA were found in all organs in the NT group when the data were analyzed by the single-cosinor rhythmometric method. The amount of statistical error encountered in fitting a 24-hr cosine curve to the original data was smallest in tongue and progressively increased in stomach, rectum, spleen, ileum, and bone marrow. An explanation for this finding is presented which involves the histokinetic architecture of these organs. Treatment with SAL at 5 a.m. abolished the circadian rhythms in DNA-SA in spleen, bone marrow, and ileum, increased the overall level of DNA-SA in the rectum, and decreased the overall level of DNA-SA in ileum and spleen. The circadian rhythmicity of DNA-SA in all of the organs studied in the NT group, in general, attained peak activity sometime during the nocturnal period (active phase for mice). Trough levels of DNA-SA occurred during the diurnal or rest period. This observation is correlated with the known circadian rhythms in susceptibility-resistance to drugs which primarily or exclusively effect DNA-SA; i.e., the circadian rhythms in mortality to these drugs attain peak levels during the nocturnal period. This information forms the basis for a hypothesis which states that the most therapeutically advantageous situation would be to induce a significant circadian phase difference in the rhythms in DNA-SA between the normal and the neoplastic cell populations of a tumor-bearing host. Anti-DNA-SA therapy could then be given at a specific point in time when DNA-SA of the host was at or near trough levels and, concomitantly, DNA-SA of the tumor was at or near peak levels. This should result in maximal or selective toxicity to the tumor and, concomitantly, minimal toxicity or maximal protection of the normal tissues of the host. PMID- 7248945 TI - Differential effect of chronic ethanol consumption on the carcinogenicity of N nitrosopyrrolidine and N'-nitrosonornicotine in male Syrian golden hamsters. AB - The effect of chronic ethanol consumption on the carcinogenicity of N' nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) in male Syrian golden hamsters has been investigated. Groups of hamsters were maintained on either ethanol-containing or control liquid diets for 4 weeks prior to and during carcinogen treatment. NPYR or NNN was administered to ethanol-consuming or control hamsters by i.p. injection over a 25-week period in total doses of either 1 or 2 mmol. In the group treated with 1 mmol of NPYR and maintained on a control diet, we observed 1 of 20 hamsters with a nasal cavity tumor and 4 of 20 hamsters with tracheal tumors. In the group treated with 1 mmol of NPYR and maintained on the ethanol-containing diet, we observed 8 of 18 hamsters with nasal cavity tumors and 9 of 18 hamsters with tracheal tumors. The corresponding results in hamsters given 2 mmol of NPYR were: nasal cavity tumors, 14 of 21 (control) and 16 of 17 (ethanol); tracheal tumors, 8 of 21 (control) and 11 of 17 (ethanol). These results demonstrate that the carcinogenicity of NPYR is enhanced in ethanol treated Syrian golden hamsters, particularly at the lower dose. In the groups treated with 1 mmol of NN and a control diet, we observed 1 of 21 hamsters with a nasal cavity tumor and 4 of 21 with tracheal tumors. In the corresponding ethanol treated groups, we observed 1 of 17 hamsters with a nasal tumor and 5 of 17 with tracheal tumors. In the hamsters given 2 mmol of NNN, the results were: nasal cavity tumors, 5 of 21 (control) and 4 of 21 (ethanol); tracheal tumors, 9 of 21 (control) and 7 of 21 (ethanol). Thus, the carcinogenicity of NNN in the Syrian golden hamster was not affected by ethanol treatment. These results suggest that the metabolic activation of NPYR, but not that of NNN, may be enhanced by chronic ethanol consumption in the Syrian golden hamster. PMID- 7248944 TI - Active tumor cell resistance to human natural killer lymphocyte attack. AB - Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide, puromycin, or emetine increased tumor lysis mediated by human natural killer (NK) cells to "slow" but not "fast" tumor targets. Human T24 bladder carcinoma cells were used as slow targets which are killed after a approximately 3-hr lag period, and K562 cells derived from a patient with myelogenous leukemia were used as fast targets which are killed without a lag period. This enhancement of killing exceeded that which would have been expected simply from a reduction of tumor cell growth during the time of assay. Pretreatment of the NK effector cells and the tumor cells separately showed that the effect was on the tumor cells and not due to enhancement of NK cell activity. These observations imply that some tumor cells can actively resist NK attack. The discovery that some but not all human tumor cells actively resist cellular immune attack, perhaps by repair mechanisms dependent upon protein synthesis, provides a new model for evaluation of tumor cells in their resistance to host defenses. PMID- 7248946 TI - Lack of a specific ribose methylation at guanosine 17 in Morris hepatoma 5123D tRNASer1IGA. AB - Tumor transfer RNA's (tRNA's) frequently exhibit alterations in column chromatographic profiles and in base compositions when compared to their normal counterparts. Because such alterations may be involved in the dedifferentiated state of cancer cells, it is of interest to determine their structural basis and functional significance. The recent development of highly sensitive postlabeling methods has now made possible sequence analysis of tRNA's from neoplastic tissues available only in limited amounts. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of Morris hepatoma serine tRNA (anticodon IGA) and compared it with its normal counterpart in rat liver. The tumor serine tRNA was found to lack the ribose methylation of guanosine in position 17 of the dihydrouridine loop present in the liver RNA. This result explains the column chromatographic shifts of Morris hepatoma 5123D seryl-tRNA isoacceptors, suggesting that all seryl-tRNA isoacceptors may lack this modification. PMID- 7248948 TI - In vitro transformation of primary cultures of neonatal BALB/c mouse epidermal cells with ultraviolet-B radiation. AB - Primary epidermal cultures from neonatal BALB/c mice were used to study the carcinogenic effects of ultraviolet radiation in vitro. These cultures were irradiated once through a Falcon plastic dish cover with an FS40 sunlamp [ultraviolet B, lambda approximately 290 to 400 nm] for various lengths of time and maintained for 8 to 12 weeks without subculturing. During this period, most of the cells in the untreated control showed signs of morphological differentiation and eventually died. The cultures irradiated with ultraviolet B radiation also behaved in the same manner except that, in some dishes, small populations of surviving cells began to proliferate and developed into morphologically distinct foci. Seven long-term cell lines were derived from these ultraviolet-irradiated primary epidermal cell cultures. Six of these cell lines produced tumors when injected s.c. into normal and/or immunosuppressed syngeneic recipients. These tumorigenic cell lines lacked definitive characteristics of differentiated epidermal cells, but the cells possessed intermediate junctions, suggesting that they were of epithelial origin. Some of these in vitro transformed cell lines appeared to be highly antigenic inasmuch as they grew preferentially in immunosuppressed BALB/c mice as compared to their growth in normal syngeneic recipients. PMID- 7248947 TI - Phagocytosis, cellular distribution, and carcinogenic activity of particulate nickel compounds in tissue culture. AB - The uptake, toxicity, and morphological transformation efficacy of various water insoluble nickel compounds were examined in tissue culture. Particles (2.2 to 4.8 micrometers) of crystalline Ni3S2, crystalline NiS, and crystalline Ni3Se2 were actively phagocytized by cultured cells as determined by light and electron microscopy. However, particles of similar size consisting of amorphous NiS and metallic nickel were not significantly phagocytized despite long exposure periods to high concentrations. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry measurements of metal levels in subcellular fractions isolated from cells treated with crystalline Ni3S2, crystalline NiS, or amorphous NiS confirmed that amorphous NiS did not significantly enter the cells, either as a phagocytized particle or in a solubilized form, while the other two crystalline nickel compounds were actively taken up. Cells treated with amorphous NiS contained nickel levels generally less than 10% of the nickel levels in whole cells and in cytoplasmic fractions, or nuclear fractions of cells treated with either crystalline NiS or crystalline Ni3S2. The phagocytized nickel particles were always observed in the cytoplasm with light and electron microscopy, but substantial nickel levels were measured in the nuclear fraction. These and other results suggest that the nickel particles were broken down in the cytoplasm to a size range no longer detectable with the electron microscope and then subsequently entered the nucleus. Control experiments suggest that at least 20% of the nickel measured in the nucleus isolated from cells treated with Ni3S2 is no longer part of a sedimentable particle with the same particle size and/or solubility properties of the parent compound. A substantial portion of the nickel associated with the nuclear fraction coprecipitated with trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material, suggesting that nickel binds strongly to cellular macromolecules. The phagocytized particulate nickel compounds were more cytotoxic as determined by reduction of cell-plating efficiency and induced more morphological transformations in the Syrian hamster embryo cell transformation assay than did the particulate nickel compounds which were not phagocytized. Manganese dust inhibited the morphological transformation induced by Ni3S2 and also reduced the phagocytosis of Ni3S2 particles. PMID- 7248949 TI - Differentiation of fibroblast-like cells into macrophages. AB - Differentiated cells with the morphological, enzymatic, antigenic, and functional characteristics of macrophages formed when a variety of nontransformed and transformed fibroblast-like mouse embryo cell lines were grown in a medium supplemented only with human plasma. Differentiated cells contained numerous lysosomes and phagosomes, nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase activities, and cell surface la antigens and were capable of phagocytosis of iron particles. Differentiated cells were also growth arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, but both growth arrest and differentiation were reversible processes. These observations suggest that cells with the morphology of fibroblasts have the capacity to undergo nonterminal differentiation into macrophages. PMID- 7248950 TI - Effects of 1,2-symmetrical dimethylhydrazine on jejunocolic transposition in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - In this experiment, a segment of the left colon including the upper part of the rectum was transposed to the upper jejunum, and a segment of upper jejunum was transposed to the left colon of the same animal. In another group, the same colon and jejunum segments were transsected and reanastomosed in place. A third group served as a normal control. After a recovery period, weekly s.c. 1,2-symmetrical dimethylhydrazine injections were begun. Each animal received a total of 20 injections at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Five weeks after the last 1,2-symmetrical dimethylhydrazine injection, 15 of 19 (79%) of the animals had one or more tumor(s) in the transposed colon segment, while none had tumor in the transposed jejunal segment. Transsected and reanastomosed animals showed the same distribution of tumors as did the normal control animals. All three groups had tumors at other sites in the colon and rectum. In addition, about 20% had tumors of the duodenojejunal area. These data indicate that the colonic mucosa is the primary target for the carcinogenic effect of 1,2-symmetrical dimethylhydrazine, independent of other variables such as the fecal stream. PMID- 7248951 TI - Serum sialyltransferase and liver catalase activity in cachectic nude mice bearing a human malignant melanoma. AB - Cachexia is rare in nude mice bearing human malignant tumors even when the transplanted tumors become as large as the body size of the host. In our series on heterotransplantation of a variety of human malignant tumors into nude mice, a malignant melanoma (SEKI) was found to induce severe body weight loss in the host at the early stage of transplantation. There was no electrolyte disturbance, hyper- or hypoadrenocorticism, hyperthyroidism, or destruction of cells of vital organs to account for the weight loss. Moreover, no evidence was obtained for concomitant infection with bacteria, Mycoplasma or fungi. These cachectic mice revealed remarkably increased levels of serum sialyltransferase and decreased liver catalase activity. The removal of tumor tissues from these mice resulted in prompt recovery of body weight, serum sialyltransferase, and liver catalase activity within 1 to 2 weeks. On the basis of the results obtained, the SEKI melanoma was thought to have produced a pathophysiological state in host nude mice which was very similar to that of cachexia in cancer patients. Nude mice bearing transplants of SEKI melanoma may provide a useful system for the study of cancer cachexia in humans. PMID- 7248953 TI - Effect of a chemical carcinogen and phorbol esters on sterol metabolism of mouse skin. AB - The effect of 20-methylcholanthrene and phorbol esters on sterol metabolism of mouse skin was studied. When 4 beta-phorbol esters were administered to mice that were previously painted once with 20-methylcholanthrene, a depression of some sterols in skin occurred, of which that of lathosterol was most marked. This effect was not observed when the order of application was reversed. Using a metabolic inhibitor, diazacholesterol, it was shown that sterols which reduce in mouse skin by administration of carcinogen and promoters were similar to those which reduce by administration of carcinogen only and are the members of one of the two cholesterol-biosynthetic pathways, i.e., a pathway which proceeds through intermediates with a saturated side chain. The intensity of the lathosterol depressing effect of phorbol esters depends on the order of application of 20 methylcholanthrene and promoters, the amount of promoters, molecular species of alcoholic moiety of esters, and configuration at C-4 of phorbol moiety. Of the phorbol esters tested, 4 beta-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate revealed the highest activity, which was followed by 4 beta-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, 4 beta phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate, 4 beta-phorbol-12,13-dibenzoate, 4 beta-phorbol-12,13 diacetate, 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, and 4 alpha-phorbol. 4 alpha Phorbol was practically inactive. When beta-naphthoflavone was substituted for 20 methylcholanthrene, little effect was observed except in TPA, which revealed a rather marked lathosterol-depressing activity. Phorbol esters themselves did show some activity of lathosterol depression without prior application of 20 methylcholanthrene, but the effects were much weaker. When anthralin was applied to mouse skin after the painting of 20-methylcholanthrene, a low but definite lathosterol-depressing effect was observed. PMID- 7248952 TI - Killing of tumor cells in vitro by macrophages from mice given injections of squalene-treated cell wall skeleton of Nocardia rubra. AB - Peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) harvested from mice after i.p. injection of squalene-treated cell wall skeleton of Nocardia rubra (N. rubra-CWS) demonstrated vigorous cytolytic activity in vitro toward tumor target cells. Fractionation of these PEC by adherence to plastic dishes showed that the cytolytic activity in PEC was associated with an adherent phagocytic cell. Induction of the cytolytic adherent PEC required an optimal dose of 50 micrograms N. rubra-CWS and i.p. injection. Cytolytic activity of N. rubra-CWS-induced adherent PEC was maximal after 5 days and fell steadily thereafter. Susceptible tumor targets included cells syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic to the effector cell source. In contrast, nonneoplastic xenogeneic cells were not affected by N. rubra-CWS induced adherent PEC. The effector cells were not found in the spleen or peripheral lymph nodes. In addition, the cytolytic activity of N. rubra-CWS induced adherent PEC was completely inhibited by treatment with antimacrophage serum and complement or carrageenan. Treatment with monoclonal anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement, however, did not affect the cytolytic activity of the adherent PEC. These features make it likely that N. rubra-CWS-induced cytolytic effector cells are macrophages. PMID- 7248954 TI - Copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase and manganese-containing superoxide dismutase in human tissues and human malignant tumors. AB - Superoxide dismutases might conceivably protect against both ionizing radiation and free radical-producing antibiotic antitumor drugs. Copper- and zinc containing superoxide dismutase (CuZn superoxide dismutase) and manganese containing superoxide dismutase (Mn superoxide dismutase) were specifically assayed in human malignant tumors and for comparison in human tissues. The tumors possessed less CuZn superoxide dismutase than did the more metabolically active tissues, but there was a large overlap between the tissue and the tumor levels. Mn superoxide dismutase was found in all tumors, and the ratio between the activities of CuZn superoxide dismutase and Mn superoxide dismutase was not different from that of the normal tissues. Human tumors are thus different from tumors from other species which have been reported to be deficient or very low in Mn superoxide dismutase. There was no obvious relation between sensitivity to ionizing radiation and content of the enzymes among the tumors and the tissues, nor did tumor types known to be responsive to radical-producing drugs possess less CuZn superoxide dismutase or Mn superoxide dismutase than other tumors. PMID- 7248956 TI - Ploidy and DNA distribution analysis of spontaneous dog tumors by flow cytometry. AB - Ploidy and DNA content distributions were measured for 68 biopsy specimens of spontaneous (solid) dog tumors using flow cytometry analysis of mithramycin stained cells. The tumor ploidy (i.e., DNA index values) ranged from 1.0 to 4.0 (diploid = 1.0), with a mean of 1.4. More than 80% of the tumors had elevated G0 G1 peak DNA contents and were classified heteroploid, similar to human solid tumors. Six mammary carcinomas and osteosarcomas had bimodal G0-G1 peaks. Based on flow cytometric data and pathology criteria, it was observed that: (a) the percentage of tumor S-phase cells tended to increase with increasing DNA index; and (b) for a given DNA index, the percentage of S-phase cells was lower for well differentiated tumors and higher for poorly differentiated tumors. The inherent scattering of the DNA content and DNA distribution data between different tumor types limited the usefulness of these data for classifying tumors. The results suggest that improved classification of cytologically different tumors and tumor subsets might be achieved by simultaneous flow measurement of DNA content and DNA distribution information with an additional parameter that detects the cytological differentiation state. PMID- 7248955 TI - Chromosome analysis of a human neuroblastoma. AB - Samplings of tumor cells from a patient with Stage IV neuroblastoma were analyzed for chromosome constitution. Chromosome preparations of the tumor cells from a bone marrow sample were compared to preparations of a solid metastatic tumor after growth in the nude mouse host or followed by culture. Six separate chromosome studies were done. The tumor karyotype demonstrated an overall stability, maintaining the consistent abnormalities of a 1p-, +17, and -22. Chromosomes 5 and 9 were also involved in structural abnormalities in sublines of the tumor cells. Double minutes were seen in all preparations. PMID- 7248957 TI - Salvage of circulating pyrimidine nucleosides in the rat. AB - A new procedure was developed to measure uridine and cytidine in plasma. These nucleosides are present in micromolar concentrations in the plasma of rats, mice, and humans. Inhibitors of pyrimidine synthesis de novo (pyrazofurin or N phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate) produce only modest decreases in the concentration of circulating uridine or cytidine in the rat. Since both uridine and cytidine are rapidly cleared from the circulation of the rat, constant infusions of radiolabeled uridine and cytidine were used to establish a steady-state specific activity of circulating nucleoside without altering the normal endogenous concentration. These studies permitted an estimation of the contribution of circulating pyrimidine nucleoside to the nucleotide pools of various rat tissues. Most of the uridine entering the circulation (greater than 70%) is catabolized rather than salvaged by formation of nucleotides. Cytidine in the circulation is much more efficiently utilized and is predominantly salvaged. The implication of these results for chemotherapy based on inhibition of pyrimidine synthesis de novo is discussed. PMID- 7248959 TI - Prediction of food intakes, weight gains, organ weights, and tumor size in tumor bearing rats by the four-parameter mathematical model for physiological responses. AB - Groups of male weanling rats bearing the transplantable Novikoff ascites hepatoma were fed diets containing graded levels of protein. The food intakes and weight gains were recorded daily. Seven days after inoculation of the rats with the tumor (6 days in Experiment 2), the rats were sacrificed, their organs were weighed, and the tumor and ascites fluid volumes were determined. These results were analyzed by the four-parameter mathematical model for physiological responses. It was found that tumor-bearing rats eat and gain weight at the same rates as control rats fed identical diets, implying that this rapidly growing tumor does not interfere with the normal food intake and growth control mechanisms and that food intakes and weight gains are predictable by the four parameter model. Organ growth was regulated in both normal and tumor-bearing rats but some actual organ weights in tumor-bearing rats were smaller than in control rats due to the presence of the tumor. However, other organs (spleen, lung, kidneys, and small intestine) of the tumor-bearing rats showed significant differences (p less than 0.01, Student's t test) from control rats. It was also possible to predict the growth of the tumor on the basis of the casein content of the diet. PMID- 7248961 TI - Comparison of the degree of contact guidance between tumor cells and normal cells in vitro. AB - A comparison was made between the degree of contact guidance produced by grooved or ridged substrata in cultures of normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts and in fibrosarcoma EMT6 cells or cells of a dibenzanthracene-induced fibrosarcoma. Normal mouse mammary epithelial cells were also compared with cells of C3HBA mammary tumor. All types of cell showed a highly significant orientation in the direction of the grooves or ridges, but there were significantly lower proportions of aligned tumor cells than of their normal counterparts. Fibroblasts showed more alignment than did normal mammary epithelial cells, and the sarcoma cells showed more alignment than did the C3HBA tumor cells. Scanning electron microscopy of cells growing on ridged substrata revealed that all types of cells adhere to the ridges rather than to flat areas between ridges. The difference between normal and malignant cells appears to indicate a real difference in a behavioral characteristic, namely, that tumor cells are less responsive to the topographical features of the substratum that are their normal counterparts. The local infiltration of tissues by tumor cells is due to factors other than contact guidance, for it occurs in spite of their lower contact guidance compared to that of normal cells. PMID- 7248962 TI - Differences in drug sensitivity among tumor cells from parental tumors, selected variants, and spontaneous metastases. AB - Eradication of drug-resistant tumor foci is essential to the successful treatment of metastasis with chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we examined the in vitro sensitivity to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents of tumor cells from parental tumors, from their in vitro-cloned populations, and from their spontaneous metastases. Three murine tumors were studied: the B16 melanoma; the K 1735 melanoma; and the UV-2237 fibrosarcoma. In addition, we also examined the in vitro drug sensitivity of cells from the A-375 human melanoma and its various subpopulations. The drugs used in these studies were Adriamycin, 4'-(9 acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidine, bleomycin, 5-)3,3-dimethyl-1 triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide, vincristine, and vindesine. The growth inhibiting activity of the drugs was recorded in values which were derived from plotting the logarithm of the drug concentration versus the growth rate (percentage of control) of the treated cells and which determined the molar concentration of drugs necessary to reduce doubling by 50%. Our results demonstrate that differences in drug response exist among cells populating a parental tumor (in vitro cloned), between the parental line and its metastatic subpopulations (in vivo-selected lines), and among the various spontaneous metastases. These extensive differences in drug sensitivity could have profound implications for the treatment of metastases with cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 7248960 TI - Inhibition of local and metastatic hepatoma growth and prolongation of survival after induction of hypothyroidism. AB - The local growth rate of Morris Hepatoma 44 (generation time, 6 months) was inhibited by 66 to 87%, and host survival was prolonged by 36 to 78% after the induction of hypothyroidism within 2 weeks of tumor implantation by propylthiouracil (0.1% in Purina chow), 131I(1 mCi/100 g body weight i.p.), or surgical thyroidectomy. In additional experiments, we studied the effects of inducing hypothyroidism (131I) at different stages in the natural history of Morris Hepatoma 44 on local and metastatic growth as well as on host survival. Induction of hypothyroidism within 2 weeks of tumor implantation (Group I) reduced local tumor growth as well as the number and size of pulmonary metastases, and prolonged survival by 70 to 80%. Induction of hypothyroidism at 6 weeks postimplantation when tumors were palpable (Group II) inhibited local growth by 39%, reduced the number and size of pulmonary metastases by approximately 80%, and prolonged host survival by 35%. Initiation of 131I treatment at 11 weeks when microscopic pulmonary emboli were present in most animals (Group III) reduced local growth by 19% and the number and size of pulmonary metastases by 72 and 50%, respectively. In this case, survival was prolonged by 17%. We conclude from these results that the local and metastatic growth of Morris hepatoma 44 as well as host survival are thyroid hormone dependent processes. The mechanisms responsible for these observations remain to be explained. PMID- 7248958 TI - Enhanced metastatic potential of murine fibrosarcomas treated in vitro with ultraviolet radiation. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether repeated treatment of tumor cells in vitro with mutagenic doses of ultraviolet (UV) radiation could influence the metastatic behavior of these cells in vivo. Three cloned lines of UV-2237, a fibrosarcoma induced in a C3H- mouse by chronic irradiation with UV, and SF-19, a spontaneous C3H- fibrosarcoma, were grown in culture. These cell lines varied from low to high metastatic potential as determined by in vivo tests. The cultures were exposed to UV radiation from an FS40 sunlamp at a dose that killed 40% of the cells. These UV radiation exposures were repeated at 3- to 5-day intervals for a total of 5 treatments. The mutation frequency was analyzed by monitoring the appearance of ouabain-resistant colonies following UV irradiation. With all four tumor lines, the frequency of conversion to ouabain resistance was increased more than 10-fold. Tumor cells given 5 UV radiation treatments and control cultures carried in parallel without exposure to UV radiation were tested for metastatic potential in an in vivo lung colony assay. Cell lines treated in vitro with UV radiation produced more experimental metastases than the counterpart unirradiated cultures. We conclude that, in all four tumor lines, exposure of tumorigenic cells to mutagenic doses of UV radiation can alter their biological behavior and that this may contribute to the progression of tumors from low to high metastatic capability. PMID- 7248963 TI - Uptake of 14C-labeled dicarboxylic amino acids in hepatocytes and hepatoma cells. AB - In previous studies, we observed decreased uptake of 14C-labeled L-aspartate and L-glutamate in s.c. transplants of several rapidly growing hepatomas relative to that in normal liver. The present report extends these observations to isolated cells and indicates that circulation differences cannot be the major factor. Mean net uptakes for the two dicarboxylic amino acids in cells from the rapidly growing Morris Hepatomas 7288ctc and 7777 were 5 to 26% of corresponding values for normal hepatocytes. Rates for net uptake in Hepatoma 7787 cells were intermediate between those of the rapidly growing hepatomas and hepatocytes, while the rates for Hepatoma 5123C cells and hepatocytes were similar. The contribution of sodium-dependent uptake to the mean total net uptake of [14C]aspartate and [14C]glutamate tended to be higher in hepatoma cells than in hepatocytes. Studies with isolated hepatocytes and Hepatoma 5123C cells showed no significant effect on uptake by 10 mM alpha-(methylamino)isobutyric acid and 10 mM 2-amino-2-carboxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptane. On the other hand, L-cysteic acid, L alanosine, and N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid were shown to be effective inhibitors of sodium-dependent uptake in Hepatoma 5123C cells. The data suggest that the A and L systems are not major contributors to the uptake of dicarboxylic amino acids in hepatic cells. It was concluded that decreased uptake of dicarboxylic amino acids in rapidly growing hepatomas may accompany decreased metabolism of these dietary nonessential amino acids. PMID- 7248965 TI - Immunotherapy of L1210 leukemia using neuraminidase-modified plasma membranes combined with chemotherapy. AB - Purified L1210 plasma membranes treated with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) were used for active immunotherapy of L1210 tumors in DBA/2J mice. Immunotherapy with VCN-treated membranes was effective only when combined with 1-(2 chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU). Successful therapy was a function of the dose of MeCCNU, the dose of VCN-treated membranes, and the time after MeCCNU treatment when VCN-treated membranes were administered. Optimum conditions for treating animals with tumors initiated with 10(4) cells were MeCCNU (20/kg) given 3 days after tumor inoculation and 0.25 mg VCN-treated membranes given 1 day after chemotherapy. Control membranes, not treated with VCN, that were administered 1 day after MeCCNU were ineffective; when given 4 days after chemotherapy, the caused accelerated mortality, suggesting immunological enhancement of tumor growth. Our results indicate that VCN-treated plasma membranes can be used for active immunotherapy of established tumors and underscore the importance of carefully designing immunotherapy protocols to achieve optimum desirable effects. PMID- 7248964 TI - Characterization and use of neuraminidase-modified L1210 plasma membranes for protection against tumor growth. AB - Purified plasma membranes were prepared from L1210 ascites tumor cells and analyzed for their protein and carbohydrate composition. Conditions were developed for treating the isolated plasma membranes with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) so that 88% of the N-acetylneuraminic acid was removed without changing membrane proteins or other membrane carbohydrate constituents. The VCN-induced modifications were characterized by labeling VCN-treated and untreated L1210 cells by the galactose oxidase:sodium [3H]borohydride procedure. This showed that N-acetylneuraminic acid is the predominant saccharide at the nonreducing terminus of plasma membrane glycoproteins and that galactose and/or N acetylgalactosamine residues are penultimate to these. VCN modification exposed the penultimate residues and was not limited to any single plasma membrane glycoprotein. DBA/2J mice were given i.p. injections of VCN-treated or untreated membranes and were challenged 3 weeks later with 10(4) viable L1210 cells. Mice pretreated with VCN-treated membranes resisted the tumor challenge; those receiving untreated membranes or no treatment succumbed to the tumor. Our results demonstrate that appropriately modified plasma membranes can be used to induce resistance to tumor growth. They also suggest that tumor cell membrane carbohydrate structures have an important role in this phenomenon. PMID- 7248966 TI - Glycosylation of the chorionic gonadotropin alpha subunit synthesized by HeLa cells. AB - The glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit secreted by HeLa cells was retained by concanavalin A:Sepharose and by ricin:agarose, indicating, that the tumor protein has carbohydrate side chains containing both mannose and galactose residues. Lectin chromatography of the intracellular hormone suggests it is probably a precursor to the secreted protein, it was bound by concanavalin A but not by ricin, suggesting the presence of a high mannose core oligosaccharide but the absence of terminal sugar residues. The glycosylation inhibitors tunicamycin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose caused a reduction in alpha subunit secretion comparable to their reduction of general protein synthesis but considerably less than their inhibition of protein glycosylation. Various HeLa lines secreted alpha subunit at widely different rates, with HeLa CCL 2.2 having the highest rate of production, HeLa CCL 2.1 having the lowest, and HeLa CCL 2 being intermediate. Dose-response curves for alpha subunit from the different HeLa lines and from tunicamycin- and deoxyglucose-treated cells were sufficiently parallel to indicate similar immunological characteristics. The incorporation of radiolabeled glucosamine and N-acetylmannosamine into secreted proteins varied among the cell lines examined and was generally comparable to their hormone production rates. Concanavalin A:Sepharose chromatography of the alpha subunit secreted by HeLa CCL 2.2 and CCL 2.1 indicated that both proteins possess oligosaccharide side chains containing mannose while chromatography of these proteins on ricin:agarose suggested that less of the alpha subunit from CCL 2.1 contains galactose than that from CCL 2.2. PMID- 7248967 TI - Oncogenic transformation and mutation of C3H/10T 1/2 clone 8 mouse embryo fibroblasts by alkylating agents. AB - Two-hr treatments with N-methyl- and N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidines and ethyl methanesulfonate induced ouabain-resistant mutants in C3H/10T 1/2 cells. The alkylnitronitroso-guanidines gave linear dose-response curves and were more potent mutagens than were ethyl methanesulfonate and methyl methanesulfonate. These differences in potency were largely due to differences in the half-lives of the alkylating agents in culture medium. Differences in mutation frequencies at equitoxic concentrations of the alkylating agents are considered to reflect differences in the chemical mechanisms of alkylation and mutagenesis by the compounds. However, the frequencies of mutations produced at equitoxic concentrations were not uniformly associated with the nucleophilic selectivities of the compounds as expressed by their published Swain-Scott substrate constants. Whether or not followed by repeated replating, the yield of oncogenically transformed foci of asynchronous cells after treatment with the alkylating agents was so low that we could not obtain dose-response curves, and the yield may not be significant. By contrast, in previous experiments with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidines and polycyclic hydrocarbons in Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts and with ultraviolet light and polycyclic hydrocarbons in C3H/10T 1/2 cells, transformation occurred to an equal or greater extent than mutation measured in the same cells. PMID- 7248969 TI - Alkylation of nucleic acids and metabolism of small doses of dimethylnitrosamine in the rat. PMID- 7248968 TI - Effect of L-tryptophan and sodium saccharin on urinary tract carcinogenesis initiated by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide. AB - The effect of sodium saccharin (SAC) or L-tryptophan (LT) on urinary bladder carcinogenesis initiated by feeding N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) for 4 weeks as 0.2% of the diet to male F344 weanling rats was evaluated. SAC was fed as 5% of the diet, and LT was 2% of the diet. FANFT fed for 4 weeks followed by 100 weeks of control diet did not produce any carcinomas; one of 25 rats developed a bladder papilloma. Of 26 rats fed SAC for 100 weeks after FANFT, two developed papillomas, and five developed carcinomas (p less than 0.03). Of 26 rats fed LT for 100 weeks after FANFT, three developed papillomas, and two developed carcinomas (p greater than 0.1) Eight rats fed FANFT for 72 weeks all developed bladder carcinomas, but rats fed control diet alone, control diet with SAC, or control diet with LT did not develop any bladder tumors. Scanning electron microscopic examination of Week 104 of the experiment showed the presence of pleomorphic microvilli on the bladder surface of some rats fed SAC of LT whether following 4 weeks of control diet alone or 4 weeks of FANFT. Four weeks of FANFT feeding, a lower dose than used previously in our studies, appears to be a subcarcinogenic level. Under these experimental conditions, the promoting activity of SAC is demonstrated with statistical significance. The results with LT were not statistically significant. PMID- 7248970 TI - Stimulation of the nuclear uracil DNA glycosylase in proliferating human fibroblasts. AB - The cell cycle stimulation of individual species of the uracil DNA glycosylase was examined in WI-38 normal diploid fibroblasts. The nuclear uracil DNA glycosylase was induced as WI-38 cells traversed the cell cycle. In contrast, the specific activity of the mitochondrial glycosylase remained constant during cell proliferation. The two enzyme activities can be further distinguished by their elution patterns on DNA-cellulose, by differential cation sensitivity, and by kinetic differences. The singular stimulation of the nuclear glycosylase in the cell cycle is a further suggestion that normal human cells actively regulate excision repair pathways. PMID- 7248971 TI - Biological and biochemical effects of 2'-azido-2'-deoxyarabinofuranosylcytosine on human tumor cells in vitro. AB - 2-azido-2'-deoxyarabinofuranosylcytosine (Cytarazid), recently synthesized, was found to inhibit the in vitro growth of several human cell lines by 50% at concentrations ranging from 0.06 to 0.2 microM and to prevent the replication of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 by 98% at 50 microM. As determined with HeLa cells, the inhibition of cell growth was partially prevented by 2'-deoxycytidine (dCyd) and cytidine but not by uridine or thymidine. Cytarazid proved resistant to deamination by human cytidine/dCyd deaminases purified from acute myelocytic leukemia blast cells and from liver, a property reflected in the inability of tetrahydrouridine to enhance the cytotoxicity of the compound. Cytarazid served as a substrate for cytoplasmic dCyd kinase partially purified from human peripheral chronic lymphocytic leukemia blast cells. At a concentration of 0.4 mM, the nucleoside analog was phosphorylated 2.6 times more effectively by this enzyme than was dCyd, the Km for Cytarazid being 250 microM. In intact HeLa cells, the triphosphate derivative of Cytarazid was the major drug metabolite formed. In these cells, the analog interfered with the incorporation of radiolabeled thymidine into DNA at a concentration and a time interval at which the incorporation of uridine into RNA and amino acids into protein was not inhibited, suggesting that interference with DNA synthesis is a primary drug effect. Further analysis showed that Cytarazid triphosphate interferes with DNA synthesis in intact HeLa cell nuclei and that it inhibits both the alpha- and beta-DNA polymerases purified from HeLa cells in a manner competitive with deoxycytidine triphosphate, with Ki's of 0.6 and 0.7 microM, respectively. Cytarazid triphosphate was not able to replace deoxycytidine triphosphate for the synthesis of DNA in either intact nuclei or in cell-free preparations; but, in the cell-free assay system, the compound was found to interfere with primer template activity. PMID- 7248972 TI - Specific estrogen receptor binding and biological effects of 16 alpha iodoestradiol on human breast cancer cells. AB - 16 alpha-Iodoestradiol was evaluated as an estrogen in MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells. 16 alpha-[125I]Iodoestradiol binds to equivalent numbers of specific estrogen receptors with a comparable binding affinity and similar sucrose density gradient behavior. 16 alpha-Iodoestradiol translocates receptor sites to the nucleus and induces a full range of estrogenic effects including thymidine incorporation, cell growth, and progesterone receptor. Because of its high specific activity, this compound may have unique applications on imaging of estrogen receptor-containing cells and specific receptor-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 7248973 TI - Growth inhibition by glucocorticoids in RPMI 3460 melanoma cells. AB - We have shown previously that dexamethasone inhibits the growth of RPMI 3460 melanoma cells and that cytosols of these cells contain a dexamethasone-binding macromolecule which has properties expected for a glucocorticoid receptor. In this paper, we show that two other glucocorticoids, triamcinolone acetonide and hydrocortisone, also cause growth inhibition in RPMI 3460 cells and that progesterone can block this response. The biological effect of these steroids correlates well with their previously reported ability to bind receptor, a result consistent with the concept that the glucocorticoid-induced growth inhibition is a receptor-mediated event. We have also investigated the nature of the growth response and shown that glucocorticoids inhibit growth in these melanoma cells by increasing the population-doubling time rather than by cytolytic effects. Moreover, a limited exposure to dexamethasone fails to trigger the growth inhibition, suggesting that the continued presence of steroid is necessary for growth inhibition to occur. Since serum-free medium and medium conditioned by exposure to cells do not affect the glucocorticoid-induced growth inhibition, we have obtained no evidence that either the interaction of glucocorticoids with serum factors or cell-induced changes in medium components are involved in the response. In addition to the effect on growth, we have also described morphological alterations which occur in the presence of dexamethasone. PMID- 7248975 TI - Treatment of mouse neoplasms with high doses of tubercidin. AB - Previous studies from this laboratory demonstrated that a potent inhibitor of nucleoside transport, nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), protected cultured cells against cytotoxic nucleosides (nebularine, tubercidin, and toyocamycin). NBMPR and its 5'-monophosphate (NBMPR-P) also protected mice against potentially lethal dosage of these agents. This report describes protection of mice from potentially lethal dosages of tubercidin by administration of NBMPR-P and the use of combinations of these agents in treatments of mice bearing transplanted neoplasms. Treatment of mice bearing i.p. implants of the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, leukemia L1210/TG8, and colon carcinoma 26 with potentially lethal dosages of tubercidin administered together with host-protecting dosages of NBMPR P resulted in substantial kill of neoplastic cells and long-term survivors. In these experiments, therapeutic effects were achieved at optimal dosages of NBMPR P, which protected host vital tissues but did not protect neoplastic cells in ascitic fluids (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and leukemia L1210/TG8 cells). However, at supraoptimal dosages of NBMPR-P, the occurrence of therapeutic failures which were neoplastic deaths indicated that NBMPR-P also protected the neoplastic ascites cells against tubercidin cytotoxicity. Thus, the selectivity of tubercidin toxicity toward cells of the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and leukemia L1210/TG8 was modified by NBMPR-P dosage. PMID- 7248974 TI - Metabolism of xylitol and glucose in rats bearing hepatocellular. AB - The variation in metabolism of glucose and xylitol by diverse rat hepatocellular carcinomas and partially hepatectomized rat livers was studied. The AS-30D and FB56 tumors demonstrated a significantly different degree of utilization of glucose and xylitol in vitro. This correlated partially with the low activity of polyol dehydrogenase when xylitol was used as a substrate. The activity ofa nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent polyol dehydrogenase in various hepatomas ranged from nondetectable to 30 nmol/min/mg protein, with the lower activities in FB56 and AS-30D tumors at 0 and 0.22 nmol/min/mg, respectively; while nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase activities ranged from 0 to FB56 to 3.31 nmol/min/mg protein in liver regenerated for 1 week. The activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dependent enzyme for normal liver and AS-30D tumors measured 2.2 and 0.14 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Although only the 311C tumor had an activity equivalent to that of normal liver, the range of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent polyol dehydrogenase activities among the cell lines studies is narrow. The ratios of metabolites of [14C]glucose or [14C]xylitol were determined in rats bearing AS-30D tumors. Animals were given i.v. injections of a 10% solution of [14C]glucose or [14C]xylitol, 2 g/kg body weight. Assays of neutral sugar metabolites from each substrate in the acid soluble fraction of liver or AS-30D tumor showed that xylitol in the liver was converted primarily into glucose while in the tumor 80 to 90% of the xylitol remained unchanged. This hepatocellular carcinoma is also markedly deficient in the ability to synthesize acid-insoluble glycogen and glycoprotein from xylitol as compared to the liver. PMID- 7248976 TI - Effect of the thymic factor, thymostimulin (TP-1), on the survival rate of tumor bearing mice. AB - The effect of treatment with the thymic factor thymostimulin (TP-1) on the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice was studied, using C57BL/6 mice inoculated with 1 x 10(5) Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) cells. TP-1 given from inoculation day (4 mg/kg, twice weekly) caused a delay in the appearance of primary tumor [14.4 +/- 1.1 (S.E.) days in control; 18.5 +/- 1.4 days in TP-1-treated animals; p less than 0.05], without changing ultimate survival rate. When primary tumor was resected, the incidence of fatal lung metastasis increased as a function of tumor size on resection day. TP-1 given after resection (same dose schedule) significantly increased survival rate as compared to resection only, provided that resected tumor diameter was less than 1.7 mm. The combination of TP-1 and 1 (2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU; single i.p. injection, 50 mg/kg) was effective in either resected or nonresected primary tumor. Without resection, TP-1 with CCNU cured (more than 6 months free of tumor; untreated animals died within 30 to 44 days) 55% of the animals, as compared to 23% cured by CCNU alone (p less than 0.01). With resection animal cure rates were: resection (resected tumor diameter, 0.7 to 1.7 mm) alone, 42% cured; resection with CCNU, 47% cured; resection with TP-1, 70% cured; resection with CCNU and TP 1, 100% cured (last two groups significantly different from resection only). The results indicate a profound effect of TP-1 in prolonging life and increasing cure of tumor-bearing mice. This effect was manifested when tumor load was small and was apparently more pronounced on metastatic than on primary tumor. PMID- 7248977 TI - Modified lipoprotein lipase activities, rates of lipogenesis, and lipolysis as factors leading to lipid depletion in C57BL mice bearing the preputial gland tumor, ESR-586. AB - The biochemical basis for the observed depletion of adipose tissue in C57BL mice bearing a transplantable nonmetastasizing preputial gland tumor, ESR-586, has been investigated. The results have shown that there are a number of significant changes in both deposition and mobilization of lipid as the tumor grows. The first change, before the tumor reached 2 g, was a decline in the activity of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase to levels normally found in starved animals. This was accompanied by a slight increase in lipoprotein lipase activity in heart and appearance of substantial activity in large tumors. Together, these would result in impaired uptake of exogenous fatty acids by adipose tissue, and dietary lipid would be directed away from storage. This was followed by a marked decline in endogenous lipid synthesis in adipose tissue which commenced when the tumor weighed between 2 and 3 g, as measured in vivo by the incorporation of radioactivity into lipid from tritiated water. The basal rate of lipolysis was enhanced 2-fold in epididymal fat pads from mice bearing tumors that weighed between 2 and 4 g, although there was no difference in the epinephrine-stimulated activity. PMID- 7248978 TI - Generation and persistence of carcinogen-induced repair intermediates in rat liver DNA in vivo. AB - Chromatographic separation of native DNA from DNA containing single-stranded regions has been used to determine the relative concentrations of structural intermediates generated during chemically induced DNA repair. Single doses of each of ten compounds were administered to rats. After periods ranging from 90 min to 13 days, hepatic DNA was isolated and analyzed by stepwise elution from benzoylated diethylaminoethyl cellulose with 1.0 M NaCl followed by caffeine solution. The compounds used were benzo(a)pyrene, carbon tetrachloride, diethylnitrosamine, dimethylnitrosamine, ethyl methanesulfonate, galactosamine, N hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, methyl methanesulfonate, nitrosomorpholine, and beta-propiolactone. Doses of the various agents and/or treatment times were restricted such that hepatic necrosis did not occur. No increase in the amount of caffeine-eluted DNA occurred after administration of carbon tetrachloride or galactosamine. All the remaining chemicals caused a dose-dependent increase in the proportion of hepatic DNA eluted from benzoylated diethylaminoethyl cellulose with caffeine. In most cases, the varying times required to produce maximal increase in the proportion of caffeine-eluted DNA could be related to the rate of metabolism of the carcinogens. A distinction could be made according to whether repair intermediates were detected only within 24 hr of administration (ethyl methanesulfonate, methyl methanesulfonate, and beta-propiolactone) or were present for at least 3 days after treatment (diethylnitrosamine, dimethylnitrosamine, benzo(a)pyrene, N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, and nitrosomorpholine). The data, considered with reference to previously ascribed modes of DNA repair for the respective adducts, suggest that base excision repair is immediately operative and rapidly completed in rat liver. However, reactions involved in the completion of nucleotide excision repair may be rate limiting, resulting in persistent structural damage to DNA. Implications of these findings for the use of benzoylated diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography as a carcinogen bioassay are considered. PMID- 7248979 TI - Biological and experimental consequences of the zonal composition of solid tumors. AB - The K-1735 melanoma is a transplantable murine tumor which, when growing s.c., is composed of melanotic and amelanotic areas. Results from trocar transplantation studies of tumor fragments show that expression of this phenotypic diversity can be terminated within very few passages. In parallel experiments, passage of cell suspensions derived from the whole tumor maintains this heterogeneity of melanin production. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7248980 TI - Differential pulse polarographic determination of BCNU pharmacokinetics in patients with lung cancer. AB - BCNU levels were determined by differential pulse polarography in 12 patients with lung cancer. A simple assay method for submicrogram quantities of nitrosoureas is described. The half-life of BCNU added to plasma in vitro was 1413 mins at 0 degrees C and 12 mins at 37 degrees C during incubation. BCNU kinetics in blood of treated patients was calculated using the two-compartment open model; the half-life of the drug was 1.4 mins in the first phase and 17.8 mins in the second. Mean distribution volume was 2.59 liters/kg and plasma clearance was 16.7 ml/min/kg. PMID- 7248981 TI - Chromosome analyses of nurses handling cytostatic agents. AB - A cytogenetic study of ten nurses handling cytostatic agents (average exposure, 2150 hours) and ten female hospital clerks revealed an increased frequency of chromosome gaps and a slight increase in sister chromatid exchange frequency among the nurses. The increase may be due to exposure to cytostatic drugs and points to these agents as a possible occupational health hazard. A second group of 11 nurses handling cytostatic agents for a shorter period of time (average exposure, 1078 hours), and three other groups (eight nurses engaged in therapeutic and diagnostic radiology, nine nurses engaged in anesthesiology, and seven nurses in postoperative ward) did not differ from the office personnel, except for an increased frequency of chromosome gaps in the radiology group. PMID- 7248982 TI - Radionuclide ejection fraction in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. AB - Serial assessment of cardiac function by radionuclide ejection fraction (EF), using a "first-pass" technique, was performed prior to each dose in 292 patients receiving doxorubicin. Detailed analysis was undertaken in 98 patients, consisting of all 91 patients who had received greater than 200 mg/m2 and seven with risk factors (RFs) who had received between 100 and 200 mg/m2. Thirty-two patients had RFs and 66 had no risk factors (NRFs). RFs were: (a) cardiovascular disease, (b) mediastinal irradiation within 6 months of starting doxorubicin treatment, and (c) total doxorubicin dose greater than 550 mg/m2. The criteria for discontinuing doxorubicin were EF less than 0.40 in RF patients or less than 0.35 in NRF patients or decrease in EF of greater than or equal to 0.14 over three successive readings. In the NRF group, no patient met these criteria nor did any develop cardiac failure. In the RF group, discontinuation was indicated in eight patients: two stopped receiving doxorubicin at total doses of 730 mg/m2 and 680 mg/m2, respectively, and it was discontinued in the other six at total doses ranging from 120 to 420 mg/m2. Prior to the first dose of doxorubicin, all patients should have a baseline EF and assessment of RFs. An EF study is required before each subsequent dose in patients with RFs or with initial EF less than 0.45, but in the remaining patients, serial studies are not required until there is a cumulative dose of 450 mg/m2. Use of these guidelines and our criteria for discontinuation may prevent development of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. PMID- 7248983 TI - Phase II study of vindesine in patients with metastatic breast cancer. AB - Twenty-six patients with far-advanced, refractory breast cancer were treated iv with vindesine (DVA) at a dose of 3 mg/m2/week. In 21 evaluable patients there were six partial remissions. Four patients who did not respond after at least four doses of intermittent DVA received continuous-infusion DVA at a dose of 1.5 mg/m2/day X 2 every other week; none responded. Five of the six responders had had disease progression on other vinca alkaloids. Leukopenia and neuromuscular toxicity were dose-limiting. PMID- 7248984 TI - Venous thrombosis during multimodal treatment of primary breast carcinoma. AB - In a cooperative group study of 433 breast cancer patients treated with 2 years of postmastectomy chemotherapy, 22 (5%) developed venous thromboses of various types. Two patients died. None of the patients had demonstrable tumor metastases at the time of the venous thrombosis, although seven had metastases a median of 11 months after the thromboses. Thirteen living patients have not had tumor recurrences. No patient developed thrombosis after the chemotherapy was completed. It is possible that one or more of the chemotherapeutic agents initiated the clotting problems. Thrombophlebitis is a possible problem occurring during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer and requires prompt treatment. PMID- 7248986 TI - Laparotomy in the re-evaluation of patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. AB - Twelve patients with advanced nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease were extensively reassessed following the completion of planned chemotherapy. The evaluation culminated in an exploratory laparotomy. Eight patients with no evidence of abdominal involvement on noninvasive tests also had no Hodgkin's disease found during laparotomy. Four patients had intra-abdominal Hodgkin's disease suspected prior to laparotomy based on the results of the noninvasive procedures. At laparotomy, benign abnormalities were present in three patients; only one had residual Hodgkin's disease. No patient with a negative laparotomy has developed recurrent abdominal Hodgkin's disease, but two patients developed supradiaphragmatic recurrences. The patient with persistent Hodgkin's disease had his treatment regimen successfully altered. These data suggest that patients with negative preoperative findings do not benefit further from a laparotomy. However, in selected patients with suspicious intra-abdominal findings, the results of laparotomy may alter future management. PMID- 7248987 TI - Oral VP-16-213 in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a phase II study. PMID- 7248985 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy for medulloblastoma and ependymoma using iv vincristine, intrathecal methotrexate, and intrathecal hydrocortisone: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - In a prospective, randomized, cooperative group trial, the value of iv vincristine and intrathecal methotrexate and hydrocortisone as adjuvant therapy to radiotherapy in children with medulloblastoma and ependymoma was evaluated. The data showed no improvement in the survival of such children when adjuvant therapy was given. PMID- 7248988 TI - Phase I study with cell wall skeleton of Nocardia rubra. AB - Toxicity of the cell wall skeleton of Nocardia rubra (N-CWS) was evaluated in 60 patients with lung cancer, leukemia, and malignant melanoma who were given the agent intratumorally, intrapleurally, and intradermally in doses of 100-2000 micrograms. Fever was the most common toxic effect and was more frequent after intratumoral and intrapleural doses than after intradermal doses. The other predominant reaction was skin lesions such as erythema, induration, and abscess at the injection sites. PMID- 7248989 TI - Working conference on neuroblastoma treatment trials. PMID- 7248990 TI - Baker's antifol in children with therapy-resistant solid tumors: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. PMID- 7248991 TI - Effect of tamoxifen in premenopausal Japanese women with advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7248992 TI - Sequential combination chemotherapy for disseminated melanoma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. PMID- 7248994 TI - A Clinical integrated therapeutic index (CITI) for the comparative evaluation of clinical trials. PMID- 7248993 TI - Phase II trial of 5-FU melphalan in advanced colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 7248995 TI - New antitumor substances of natural origin. PMID- 7248996 TI - Multiple daily fractions in radiotherapy. PMID- 7248997 TI - Ventricular aneurysm: pressure-volume relationships of a physical model. AB - Static pressure-volume characteristics were determined in elastic sacs with aneurysms of varying radius and wall thickness. Increasing the radius of an aneurysm lowered the maximal pressure (Pmax) which could be generated by contraction and deformed the pressure-volume curves compared with an intact sac of the same thickness. Progressive decrease in the wall thickness of an aneurysm of a given size resulted in progressive loss of pressure generated by any degree of filling. The present results suggest that shape, size and structure of the aneurysm and of the boundary between the normal myocardium and the aneurysm may contribute significantly to the impairment of the development of intraventricular pressure, and hence affect the contractile dynamics of the heart. PMID- 7248999 TI - Assessment of left ventricular contractile performance from isovolumic relaxation phase in man. AB - The rate of left ventricular (LV) pressure fall (dP/dtmin) is reportedly altered by contractility and LV stress. To explore the possibility that the ratio of dP/dtmin to dicrotic notch pressure (DTES) measures contractility, 243 subjects including 23 normals (group I) were studied. In 35 patients of group II (16 with mitral stenosis, 7 with atrial septal defect, and 12 with cor pulmonale) DTES, as an index of contractility (Cy Ix) measuring force-velocity-length relationship, was insignificantly different from group I (DTES and Cy Ix in group I = 21.6 +/- 0.6 s-1 and 1.34 +/- 0.04 muscle lengths/s/cm and 18.8 +/- 1.8 s-1 and 1.55 +/- 0.24 muscle lengths/s/cm in group II, respectively). With significantly reduced Cy Ix (1.05 +/- 0.04, p less than 0.01), DTES was likewise reduced (19.0 +/- 0.5, p less than 0.01) in 163 patients with compensated LV disease (47 with alcoholic cardiomyopathy, 24 coronary artery disease, 48 valve disease, 10 hypertensives and 34 with other heart muscle diseases). Like the Cy Ix (0.70 +/- 0.05, p less than 0.001), DTES was even lower (13.3 +/- 0.6, p less than 0.001) in 15 patients with decompensated LV (group IV). Like Cy Ix, this ratio changed significantly with acute changes in inotropy (exercise and pacing), but not with preload (dextran infusion). Basal heart rate, preload and afterload did not influence DTES. Furthermore, DTES correlated significantly in all groups and subgroups with two indices of contractility, VCE (velocity of contractile element) at peak isometric stress, and Cy Ix (r = 0.68 and 0.70, respectively, each p less than 0.001) measured in this study. These results indicate that DTES provides a simple, reliable, and useful measure of the contractile state of LV myocardium in man, independent of preload and afterload. PMID- 7248998 TI - Physical training program in arterial hypertension. A long-term prospective follow-up. AB - A long-term training program was performed on 30 chronic hypertensive female patients, stages I-II, WHO criteria. The effect on blood pressure (BP) and other physiological parameters, as exercise BP, heart rate, physical working capacity, VO2max, double product, were studied. Four phases were outlined throughout the trial: (1) 3 months training at 70% of the maximal heart rate; (2) 3 months without training; (3) 1 year training at the same level as phase I, and (4) 12 or more months with increasing intensity training over 70% of the maximal heart rate. Serial ergometric work tests were performed every 3 months. We observed a close relationship between physical working capacity and VO2max increases with training intensity. Resting BP fell significantly with training (182/114-161/97 mm Hg; p less than 0.001) but increased again when training was discontinued (161/97-179/115 mm Hg; p less than 0.001). BP persisted low throughout the trial, but there was a tendency to a further but not significant decrease when training intensity was raised over 70% of the maximal heart rate. Both the submaximal and maximal exercise BP showed similar changes to those found in the resting BP throughout the trial. The submaximal heart rate and the double product (BP X heart rate) also fell significantly with training but with maximal values not changing significantly throughout the whole follow-up period. PMID- 7249000 TI - Systolic time intervals in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - The systolic time intervals (STI) were used to study the left ventricular performance in 51 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in 24 normal subjects and in 13 patients with both COPD and coronary heart disease (CHD). Our study shows that resting spine STI are abnormal in patients with COPD and that the STI in the sitting position and after exercise in these patients are changing in a similar way to those of normal subjects. In patients with both COPD and CHD we found the resting supine STI and the postexercise left ventricular ejection time index (LVETI) to differ from both normals and patients with COPD alone. When these same patients were sitting the STI failed to change, in striking contrast to the normal subjects and to the patients with COPD alone. The similar responses of normal subjects and of patients with COPD in the two stress conditions as well as the different postural and postexercise responses of patients with both COPD and CHD suggest a normal left ventricular function in patients with COPD. PMID- 7249001 TI - Electrocardiographic abnormalities of congestive cardiac failure due to lightning stroke. PMID- 7249002 TI - Relative cardiac efficiency and ST depression during progressive exercise test. AB - The ratio of calculated myocardial oxygen consumption to estimated oxygen uptake of the body of (MVO2/VO2) provides insight into relative cardiac efficiency. The authors investigated the relation of ST depression to the calculated MVO2/VO2 ratio during a progressive bicycle exercise test in 23 patients with good chronotropic capacity after acute myocardial infarction. ST depression of 0.2 mV or more was required at the highest exercise level. In each case, the lowest MVO2/VO2 value was, on an average, at 60.5% (SD 12.7) of the maximally tolerated work load. The magnitude (mV) and the velocity (micro V/min of ST depression measured at the exercise level after the lowest MVO2/VO2 value were significantly higher than the same parameters at the exercise level corresponding to the lowest MVO2/VO/ value. The authors believe that the lowest value of the calculated MVO2/V.O2 ratio can be regarded as a critical point which is followed by the acceleration of ST depression. PMID- 7249003 TI - Transcatheter obliteration of the renal artery by ethanol injection: experimental results. AB - The sclerosing effect of the introduction of 95% ethanol into the renal artery was evaluated in eight rabbits and one pig. Longterm occlusion of the renal artery with ensuing infarction of the kidney could be produced by a small, easily tolerated dose. Several inherent drawbacks of currently used embolic sgents may be avoided with this technique, which is suggested for clinical trial. PMID- 7249006 TI - Superior vena cava obstruction: complication of pulmonary artery ectasia in levo transposition of the great arteries. AB - Obstruction of the superior vena cava developed in a 13-year-old child with levo transposition of the great arteries and pulmonary artery hypertension. Obstruction was due to extrinsic compression of the superior vena cava by an ectatic mainpulmonary artery. PMID- 7249005 TI - Intralobar pulmonary sequestration: value of aortography and pulmonary arteriography. AB - Twelve patients with plain roentgenographic findings of intralobar pulmonary sequestration were evaluated with aortography and, in most instances, pulmonary arteriography. Correlative criteria from aortography and pulmonary arteriography permit a precise diagnosis to be made. Pulmonary infections must be differentiated from intralobar pulmonary sequestration because treatment for the latter should be surgical. PMID- 7249004 TI - Complications secondary to thrombectomy with the Fogarty balloon catheter. AB - Thrombectomy performed with the Fogarty balloon catheter may, in a small percentage of cases, give rise to complications. In four cases reviewed, this procedure was associated with aneurysms or arteriovenous fistulae. Careful catheter manipulation and a judicious use of fluoroscopy or angiography during the procedure can reduce the number of such complications. PMID- 7249008 TI - Ultrasonically guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of solid masses. AB - Fine needle aspiration biopsy is a highly accurate cytologic technique in the differentiation of benign vs. malignant disease. After careful localization with the ultrasound beam, a 22 gauge 0.6 mm needle is used to obtain four to five cell samples. Seventy percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsies were performed on pancreatic, liver, renal, chest, pelvic, pancreatic nodes, subcutaneous nodules, and other retroperitoneal masses. Ninety-three percent accuracy was obtained with no complications. Studies in four patients with carcinoma of the tail of the pancreas were falsely negative for malignant cells; all four patients had desmoplastic tumors. Complications of hemorrhage, tumor seeding, infection, fistula formation, and pain encountered with other methods and using larger bore needles have not been found with the fine needle technique. It is a safe, accurate method that can be performed as an out-patient procedure. PMID- 7249009 TI - Femoral vein pressure measurements for evaluation of venous function in patients with postthrombotic iliac veins. AB - Fifty patients with postthrombotic disease were examined by phlebography and by bilateral femoral vein pressure measurements. The degree of obstruction to venous flow was best evaluated by measuring the pressure elevation and pressure difference after exercise and the time required for these parameters to return to pre-exercise levels; pressures during rest and exercise were less conclusive indicators of obstruction. Good correspondence was found between femoral vein pressure and the severity of postthrombotic symptoms, while phleboraphy provided largely morphologic, rather than functional, information. We, therefore, consider it important to determine femoral vein pressure during and after exercise to evaluate the significance of postthrombotic iliac vein disease. PMID- 7249007 TI - Utility of computed tomography in the diagnosis of thoracic aneurysm in childhood. AB - For an unusual case of saccular aneurysm of the thoracic aorta in a child, the computed tomographic demonstration of a totally vascular mass led directly to the definitive diagnosis by angiocardiography and eliminated the need for many additional imaging or chemical tests. This case illustrates how computed tomography can be beneficial in the potentially difficult diagnostic evaluation of pediatric medistinal masses. PMID- 7249010 TI - Timing of exposure in angiographic computed tomography. PMID- 7249011 TI - Roll-film changer for whole-limb angiography: a trial production and its clinical application. AB - We have developed an automatic roll-film changer (25 X 90 cm) for whole limb angiography that is equipped with a pair of graduated intensifying screens and a stationary grid. Satisfactory intermittent closure of the screens is achieved by mechanical means. The filming program can be set at one exposure every one to five seconds. A total of 20 serial angiograms can be obtained. In both experimental studies and clinical series, the roll-film changer has proved to be a valuable asset in angiographic evaluation of occlusive arterial diseases of the lower extremities. PMID- 7249012 TI - Influence of arteriographic contrast media on the Na+/Ca++-ratio in blood. AB - To investigate the basis of cardiodepressive side effects in coronary arteriography, the isolated effects of different contrast media on electrolyte levels in blood (and blood fractions) were quantified in vitro. Due to their sodium content and calcium chelation, ionic media cause an imbalance in the extracellar Na+/Ca++-ratio that determines myocardial contractility. Ca++ chelation exceeded that due to stabilizing additives indicating a binding by the contrast agents themselves. The amount of calcium bound varied with different media and was greatest with Renografin. It is suggested that the degree of Na+/Ca++-imbalance in blood explains the extent of acute cardiodepression. PMID- 7249013 TI - An anatomic consideration in angiography of the neck: replacement of part of the costocervical trunk to the inferior thyroid artery. PMID- 7249014 TI - Acute fulminant pancreatitis following ventriculography. PMID- 7249015 TI - Effects of intracoronary administration of contrast materials on left ventricular function in the presence of severe coronary artery stenosis. AB - The effects of intracoronary administration of contrast materials on regional and global left ventricular (LV) function were assessed in anesthetized dogs with segmental myocardial ischemia produced by critical stenosis of the circumflex coronary artery. Effects caused by sodium meglumine diatrizoate (R76), sodium meglumine calcium metrizoate (ISO), and metrizamide were evaluated. In the nonischemic state R76 produced an early (0-10 seconds) decrease in LV contractility followed by a late (10-20 seconds) positive inotropic effect. In the presence of regional ischemia there was prolongation of the negative inotropic effect. ISO produced only positive inotropic effects without significant differences between responses in the nonischemic and ischemic states. Metrizamide produced almost no alterations in LV function. PMID- 7249016 TI - A fully automated determination of the left ventricular region of interest in nuclear angiocardiography. AB - The precise delineation of the left ventricular projection area is an essential part in the quantitative analysis of nuclear angiocardiograms. We have devised an algorithm that permits automation of this step, based on a one-dimensional Laplace operator whose kernel is 2, 2, -2, -4, -2, 2, 2. The operator characteristically enhances "valleys" more than edges and, therefore, favors septal and the valve plane detection. The operator is applied vertically, horizontally, and along both diagonals. Each pass is immediately followed by a local maximum search during which the image resulting from the Laplacian operator is reduced to a binary one, with zeros everywhere except where a local maximum was found along the path of the operator. This resultant image yields a closed "edge" around the left ventricle, even though many structures outside the left ventricle are also delineated. However, the centroid of the ventricle is defined from functional criteria and the region of interest is defined from centroid to first edge. The method has been applied to first-pass and gated studies in anterior and 45 degree left anterior oblique views. In 100 successive cases the ejection fraction obtained automatically was compared to the manual result. The regression equation yielded the relation: automatic method (%) = 1.7 + 1.0 manual method (%) +/-2% (r = 0.995), which is not significantly different from the identity relation. The failure rate was low (13%) but varied from 28% in the first-pass studies in the anterior view, to less than 8% in gated studies in the left ventricular oblique projection. PMID- 7249017 TI - Accessory mitral valve tissue causing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in D-transposition of the great arteries. AB - Two patients with D-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) were found to have an unusual form of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Both had ball like accessory mitral valve tissue that partially occluded the outflow tract. In one patient there was an intact septum, while in the other there were ventricular septal defects. The appearances have been described previously, although not in D TGA. Recognition of accessory mitral valve tissue may allow resection of the tissue at the time of repair of the transposition complex. PMID- 7249018 TI - Massive calcification of the mitral annulus in a 17-year-old patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosis. AB - Mitral annulus calcification (MAC), while a relatively frequent autopsy finding in older patients, is rare in childhood. Such calcification has generally been regarded as a degenerative change and of no clinical significance. Recent studies have shown that MAC may be associated with hemodynamically significant lesions including mitral insufficiency, arrhythmias, heart block, and, rarely, mitral stenosis. We have studied a case of massive calcification in the mitral annulus in a 17-year-old girl with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosis. In this case, the MAC was considered secondary to the rheumatoid disease. MAC in younger patients with no history of rheumatic fever or bacterial endocarditis suggests an associated connective tissue disorder. PMID- 7249020 TI - Congenital subclavian steal associated with an unusual type of right aortic arch. PMID- 7249019 TI - Congenital extracardiac shunts with tetralogy of Fallot. AB - Congenital extracardiac shunts in tetralogy of Fallot may significantly alter the history and clinical findings and also have significant management implications. An unusual variant of severe tetralogy of Fallot in a 54-year-old man enabled long survival with minimal symptoms. The patient had pulmonary valvular and infundibular stenosis, a large ventricular septal defect, an overriding aorta, and large volume systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunting from his right internal mammary and accessory internal mammary arteries to his right pulmonary artery. PMID- 7249021 TI - Direct measured systolic pressure gradients across the aorto-iliac segment in multiple-level-obstruction arteriosclerosis. AB - Patients with severe ischemia due to multi-level obstructions in the leg arteries both above and below the region were assessed preoperatively by intraarterial brachial and femoral artery pressure measurements. The systolic pressure drop along aorto-iliac obstructions was compared to the angiographic findings. A consistent pressure gradient was found in the various types of arterial occlusions. In patients with occlusion of both the aorta and the iliac arteries, the systolic pressure drop was about 60% (range, 50-78%, SD 9%). The various types of iliac artery occlusions resulted in quite uniform systolic pressure drops of about 50% (range 35-68%, SD 9%). In contrast, the systolic pressure drop along different types of iliac stenoses showed a wide variation, ranging from a minimal drop to about 60%. The degree of stenosis on the angiogram was correlated significantly with the pressure drop. Due to large variations, however, the angiographic information was found to be useless in the individual patient. No difference in the pressure drop was found between cases in which rich and poor collateral networks were visualized. PMID- 7249022 TI - Supplementary angiography when lumbar angiograms fail to demonstrate the vessels to the leg. AB - The peripheral run-off arteries were insufficiently visualized due to occlusions in the aorto-iliac segments in studies of 10 patients (15 legs) in 183 consecutive aorto-femoral angiograms. Guided by a combination of the Doppler technique and fluoroscopy, the non-opacified and pulseless common femoral artery was catheterized. Angiography through this catheter usually showed patency of a part of the common femoral artery but occlusion of the superficial femoral artery. The deep femoral and crural arteries were well preserved. Intra-arterial pressure measurements showed larger pressure gradients along the occluded aorto iliac segments in one-third of the patients with non-visualized leg arteries as compared with gradients in patients with similar proximal and distal occlusions but with good opacification of the leg arteries. In previous cases, non visualization of the leg arteries was considered as representing non reconstructable lesions by our vascular surgeons. The findings in the present study showed that in these patients surgical reconstruction of only the aorto iliac segments will suffice to save the limb from amputation. PMID- 7249023 TI - Femoral artery catheterization and vessel tortuosity. AB - In the era of selective and superselective arteriography, vessel tortuosity, even in the presence of good pulses, can impede catheterization of the aorta and its branches. We assessed 101 patients who had femoral arteriography to determine whether there was a significant difference in tortuosity between the right and left sides and to define the degree to which significant tortuosity was bilateral. Fourteen and 21 patients had tortuosity greater than 1 standard deviation above the mean of the population on the right and left sides, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant. Twenty-three of the 29 patients with tortuosity greater than 1 standard deviation above the mean had this finding unilaterally. There is no advantage to preferentially beginning catheterization on a particular side. Furthermore, since 80% of significant tortuosity is unilateral, the contralateral femoral artery should be approached with only minimal delay when tortuosity that impedes catheterization is encountered. PMID- 7249024 TI - Abdominal angiography with stereoscopic magnification. AB - A new technique for stereoscopic magnification angiography has been developed and combined with routine abdominal angiography. The technique utilizes two divergent x-ray beams at a 34 degree angle, with a 3.5 cm focal spot separation at a 94 cm focal-film distance, produced by a synchronous arc rotation of a microfocus x-ray tube. The synchronous motion of the tube is maintained by using an electromechanical device. A magnification factor of 2.0 to 3.0 is used, and 12 films are exposed in a series, the fastest sequence being 1.5 films per second. This technique provides the advantages of magnification and stereoscopic angiography, with excellent demonstration of small arterial branches and abnormal vascularity in three dimensions. PMID- 7249026 TI - Removal of large and small biliary duct stones. PMID- 7249025 TI - Transcatheter embolic control of iatrogenic hematobilia. AB - For the patient with hematobilia, a serious complication of liver injury, angiography is the definitive diagnostic procedure. In addition to localizing precisely the source of the hemorrhage, angiography also provides an effective alternative to surgery for the control of hemorrhage. In two cases of iatrogenic hematobilia discussed, the bleeding sites were identified by angiography, and the bleeding was controlled by transcatheter embolization. PMID- 7249027 TI - The value of abdominal angiography in Turner's syndrome: a case report. PMID- 7249028 TI - [26th congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the 16th congress of the Czechoslovak Community Party. Developments and additional tasks of internal foreign politics]. PMID- 7249029 TI - [On the possibilities of therapeutical result improvement in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249030 TI - [Toxoplasmosis as a differential diagnostic and therapeutic problem (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249031 TI - [Questionnaire of the functionality of the family (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249033 TI - [Activity of nucleoli in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249032 TI - [Epiglottic plasmacytoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249034 TI - [Significance of sodium excretion fraction determination with a view to heavy doses of furosemide in patients with chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249035 TI - [Urolithiasis in children and adolescents--epidemiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249037 TI - [Computer programme for monitoring the metabolic turnover of patients subjected to resuscitation and intensive care treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249036 TI - [Which hemodialyzer?]. PMID- 7249038 TI - Stereological studies on the small intestinal epithelium of the rat. 1. The absorptive cells of the normal duodenum and jejunum. AB - Quantitative macroscopic, light-microscopic and electron-microscopic studies were performed on the small intestine of fasted and non-fasted adult, male Sprague Dawley rats. In non-fasted rats the small intestine was longer than in fasted rats. Due to the presence of villi the surface area in the duodenum and the jejunum was enlarged about six times. The microvilli on the villous crests caused a surface enlargement by 13 times in the duodenum (value corrected for overestimation due to section thickness), and 19 times in the jejunum of the fasted rats. At the base of the villi these values were about 50% lower. It was calculated that, in the fasted rats, the total enlargement of the luminal surface area--due to villi and microvilli--was 63 times in the duodenum and 81 times in the jejunum (corrected for section thickness). Differences between the villous crest epithelium and the villous base epithelium were also found with regard to the mean cell height, and the volume densities of the absorptive cell nuclei, the mitochondria, and the paracellular channels. PMID- 7249039 TI - Palate morphogenesis. VI. Identification of stellate cells in culture. AB - Mesenchymal cells from the palate of mouse embryos at day 14.5 of gestation produce a minor population of stellate cells in culture. These cells are often bipolar and spindle-shaped with long cytoplasmic processes similar to neural crest cells. Culturing of explants of palatal mesenchyme enriched for this type of cell. Stellate cells were the first to migrate from explants, followed by fibroblast-like cells and then by squamous cells. The majority of the cells in the explant were fibroblast-like. Squamous cells were present mostly in the anterior and mid-palate and least frequently in those from the posterior palate. They may represent tooth-germ epithelium. When pieces of palate were dissected out and cultured for enrichment of non-muscle contractile systems, most of the migrating cells were stellate. These may represent the highly migratory cells that are, in part, responsible for elevation of the palate shelf. Serotonin was measured in cultured mesenchymal cells from the palate. Its occurrence is consistent with regulation of movement of palate cells. PMID- 7249040 TI - Catecholamine-storing cells in the adrenal medulla of the pre- and postnatal rat. Acetylcholinesterase as a means for early discrimination of cell types. AB - The development of the rat adrenal medulla was studied at the ultrastructural level with particular emphasis placed on early discrimination of different catecholamine-storing cells. The first granule-containing cells, phaeochromoblasts, were seen at day 15 of gestation migrating into the anlage of the cortex. These cells were characterized by a few small granules (80-120 nm in diameter) and a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio. Presumably due to differentiation into chromaffin cells, they were no longer present after the eight postnatal day. Maturation of phaeochromoblasts was indicated by an increase in number and size of their storage granules and a decrease in the nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio. Noradrenaline and adrenaline cell types were first clearly discernible at day 21 of gestation. Another cell type, a giant cell, was also recognized at this stage. In the adult animal, noradrenaline, two morphologically different types of adrenaline, and small granule-containing cells were observed. By applying acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, it was found that at day 17 of gestation a small population of granule-storing cells showed strong positive staining in the endoplasmic reticulum. In the adult animal this cell type was further characterized by small-storage granules. Other chromaffin cells began to show weak staining with the endoplasmic reticulum at day 19 of gestation. This staining appeared more frequently within adrenaline than noradrenaline cells. However, even in the adult animal many cells of both types were completely negative. It is concluded that acetylcholinesterase histochemistry is a useful method for early discrimination of small granule-containing cells in the developing rat adrenal medulla. PMID- 7249041 TI - The structure of the cercal sensory system and ventral nerve cord of Grylloblatta. A comparative study. AB - The structure of cercal sensilla, the cercal nerve and the central projections of the cercal sensory nerve of a notopteran (Grylloblatta sp.) are described and compared with other orthopteroid insects in which the cercal sensory system and central connections are well known. The cercal sensilla are similar to those of gryllids and blattids, but the gross structure of the cerci and distribution of cercal sensilla more closely resemble those of the Thysanura. The elements of the cercal sensory nerves and the central nervous system are similar to those of other orthopteroid insects, but extracellular material is present in greater quantity, and more extensive glial bundling of axons occurs in both the cercal nerve and central connectives. Glial structure, extracellular material and large multicristate mitochondria may be adaptations to life near O degrees C. The form of central projections of the cercal nerve and the configuration of the largest abdominal interneurons are unlike those of gryllids and Dictyoptera; they are similar to those of Dermaptera. PMID- 7249042 TI - Terminal sprouting in rat sternocostalis muscle following partial denervation. AB - The sternocostalis muscle of the rat was examined at one to five days after partial denervation and levels of terminal sprouting were assessed. The removal of one intercostal nerve caused localised degeneration which did not extend more than a few muscle fibres deep into the field of distribution of the adjacent nerve. Terminal sprouting was clearly seen at 24 h after operation and did not appear to develop further up to five days. There was no difference in the sprouting responses to section of either intercostal nerve 2, 4 or 5. There was, however, a decrease in the response with increasing distance from the cut nerve. No sprouting response was observed in the contralateral muscle. Comparison of sprouting levels of B and C type end plates revealed a greater percentage of C type end plates with sprouts. However, the response of B type end plates, considered in relation to the levels of spontaneous sprouting, was greater than that of C type end plates. PMID- 7249044 TI - Ultrastructure of the pars intermedia of the adult sheep hypophysis. AB - Light microscopy of coronal sections of the sheep pars intermedia revealed a compact, incompletely lobulated V-shaped region about 15-20 cells thick, situated between the pars distalis and the pars nervosa. A prominent hypophysial cleft and follicles containing a colloid-like substance were seen. Using electron microscopy, five cell types could be distinguished: pars intermedia glandular cells, pars distalis-like glandular cells, interstitial cells, follicular cells and cleft lining cells. The polyhedral to pear-shaped pars intermedia glandular cells predominated. They contained dense-cored, membrane-bound granules near the Golgi complex, and larger, irregular vesicles with finely granular contents of varying electron density throughout the remaining cytoplasm; exocytotic release of granules was occasionally observed. Smaller numbers of cells resembling those seen in the pars distalis were scattered throughout the pars intermedia. Interstitial cells usually possessed elongated cytoplasmic processes which extended between the glandular cells, and were characterized by deeply indented nuclei, elaborate junctional complexes and an absence of cytoplasmic granules. Cells lining the follicles resembled the interstitial cells. The major cells bordering the hypophysial cleft were triangular in section and bore irregular microvilli on their free surface. The pars intermedia appeared to be less vascular than the remainder of the hypophysis and only occasional fenestrated capillaries were seen. Nerve profiles were rare. PMID- 7249046 TI - Destruction of Hassall's corpuscles by macrophages in the sheep thymus. AB - The dissolution of Hassall's corpuscles by macrophages has been demonstrated in the sheep thymus. The findings indicate that enlarged Hassall's corpuscles are rapidly broken down by macrophages at the end of gestation or immediately after birth and replaced by newly formed corpuscles, and that these cyclic changes in Hassall's corpuscles persist, under normal physiological conditions, throughout life. PMID- 7249045 TI - Fine structure of the stretch receptor in the bursa copulatrix of the butterfly, Pieris rapae crucivora. AB - A pair of multipolar stretch-receptive neurons were found in the bursa copulatrix of the female cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae crucivora. The cell body of each neuron, about 10 micrometers in diameter, lies on the edge of the muscular region in the antero-lateral wall of the corpus bursae. No special accessory structure, and as a receptor muscle, is associated with the neuron. The several dendrites extend radially into the muscle layer. The dendrites are ensheathed except for their terminal tips, and, on their course, they anchor repeatedly on the epithelial cells or the muscle fibers in such a manner that their basement membranes fuse together. While the ensheathed dendrite is usually 0.1-0.2 micrometer in diameter, it often forms 1-2 micrometers varicosities especially at anchor sites, so that it looks like a varicose, or beaded, chain. The varicosities contain a number of mitochondria, but only microtubules are found in the fine interconnecting parts of the dendrite. The naked dendritic tips terminate in the basement membrane of the epithelial cell. The varicosities, as well as naked tips, seem to be important for stimulus transduction in the sensory cell of this type. PMID- 7249043 TI - Effects of tunicamycin on the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the rat. AB - Intracisternal injections of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of glycosylation, decreased the incorporation of [35S]cysteine into the neurophysins in the rat neurohypophysis. Histochemical and immunocytochemical studies showed that there was no concomitant decrease in the amount of secretory product in the perikarya of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neurones. Indeed there was an increase, although this was not associated with neurosecretory granules as judged electron microscopically. Tunicamycin led to the formation of so-called "colloid droplets" which were immunopositive and of which the ultrastructural correlates appeared to be product-filled dilatations of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The observations are interpreted to suggest that glycosylation plays a role in the packaging of secretory material in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. PMID- 7249049 TI - Correlative light-, fluorescence- and electron-microscopic studies of catecholamine-storing cells in the adrenal medulla of the domestic fowl. PMID- 7249050 TI - Synaptic input to the axon hillock and initial segment of inhibitory interneurons in the cerebellar cortex of the rat. An electron microscopic study. AB - The axon hillock (AH) and initial segment (IS) of 10 Golgi neurons and 6 basket cells in the cerebellar cortex of the rat were investigated by electron microscopy using serial sections. An average of 10.4 and 11.3 synaptic terminals were observed to establish synaptic contact with the axon hillock region of Golgi and basket cells, respectively. Most of these terminals were identified as the varicosities of the ascending parallel fibers. It is suggested that the focal innervation of AH regions represents an excitatory input pattern which is basically different from the randomly distributed, huge, parallel-fiber input onto the dendritic trees of Golgi and basket cells. In contrast to Golgi and basket neurons, no accumulation of parallel-fiber synapses was observed around the AH of stellate cell. The IS proper of the three neuronal types were devoid of true axo-axonal synapses. PMID- 7249047 TI - A histochemical study on the innervation of the cerebral blood vessels in bats. AB - The adrenergic and cholinergic nerves innervating the cerebral blood vessels of four species of Japanese chiropterids (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Murina leucogaster, Vespertilio superans and Miniopterus schreibersi) have been investigated using specific histochemical techniques. In all these species of bats arteries of the internal carotid system are poorly developed, whereas those of the vertebro-basilar system are well developed. The adrenergic and cholinergic nerves innervating these cerebral arteries, however, all originate from the stem nerve bundles entering the cranial cavity along the internal carotid artery. Both nerve plexuses are among the densest of any vertebrate species so far investigated. Adrenergic nerve plexuses are usually composed of complicated meshworks of fine fibres, while cholinergic ones are composed of rather longitudinally arranging meshworks of both thick and thin fibres, exhibiting a very high acetylcholinesterase activity. Small parenchymal arteries and arterioles are also dually innervated by adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibres of peripheral origin. Intracerebral capillaries, on the other hand, are in several places directly connected with both adrenergic and cholinergic fibres of parenchymal origin. Capillaries in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, diencephalon and cochlear nucleus in v. superans exhibit a heavy non-nervous acetylcholinesterase activity in their walls, but in R. ferrumequinum and M. schreibersi, the response is weak or negative, except for that in the cochlear nucleus. PMID- 7249048 TI - The occluding junctions of mouse duodenal enterocytes during development. A freeze-fracture study. AB - The architecture of occluding junctions during the differentiation of the mouse duodenum was studied in freeze-fractured material. Irregular zonulae occludentes (ZO) (Type I) are numerous during fetal life, and are characterized by their irregular width, and by the presence of basal open-ended extensions fused with the discontinuous basal strand of the ZO. Regular ZOs (Type II), typical of the adult villous epithelium, appear after Type I junctions by day 16 of gestation. Two patterns are distinguishable: in the first, parallel strands of ridges and furrows are found without crossing branches; in the second pattern, the junction zone is organized like a network of short branches forming various types of polygons. In fetal and adult mice fasciae occludentes (FO) (Type III) are presented on the lateral cell membranes: in unfixed specimens particles are found in the furrows of the E-face and pits on the ridges of the P-face. In fixed tissues, the particles are aligned on the ridges of the P-face. These results indicate that fixation with glutaraldehyde modifies considerably the affinity of junctional particles toward the P-face during the fracture process. Moreover, the presence of numerous large FOs on the lateral cell membranes of enterocytes during late fetal life and in the adult, is possible related to cell movement along the intestinal villi. PMID- 7249052 TI - Anatomy of the ovaries of the starfish Asterias rubens (Echinodermata). A histological and ultrastructural study. AB - The ovaries of the starfish Asterias rubens were studied histologically and ultrastructurally. The reproductive system in female specimens consists of ten separate ovaries, two in each ray. Each ovary is made up of a rachis with lateral primary and secondary folds: the acini maiores and acini minores. The ovarian wall is composed of an outer and in inner part, separated by the genital coelomic sinus. The ovarian lumen contains oocytes in various phases of oogenesis, follicle cells, phagocytosing cells and steroid-synthesizing cells. Oogenesis is divided into four phases: (i) multiplication phase of oogonia, (ii) initial growth phase of oocytes I, (iii) growth phase proper of oocytes I, and (iv) post growth phase of oocytes I. The granules endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex of the oocytes appear to be involved in yolk formation, while the haemal system, haemal fluid and nurse cells may also be important for vitellogenesis. The haemal system is discussed as most likely being involved in synchronizing the development of the ovaries during the annual reproductive cycle and in inducing, stimulating and regulating the function of the ovaries. Steroid-synthesizing cells are present during vitellogenesis; a correlation between the presence of these cells and vitellogenesis is discussed. PMID- 7249053 TI - Twisted rhabdomeres in the compound eye of a tipulid fly (Diptera). AB - The individual rhabdomeres of the outer retinular cells (R 1-6) in the tipulid fly, Ptilogyna, twist about their long axes. Proximally, the rhabdoms become partitioned off by processes from the retinular cells, so that the basal region of each rhabdomere is enclosed in a "pocket" formed by its own cell (Fig. 2). This organisation of the rhabdom enables each rhabdomere to twist while supported within its own retinular cell, and while the cell itself maintains its orientation with respect to the entire ommatidium. Theory predicts that the rhabdomeral twisting should significantly reduce the polarisation sensitivity of R 1-6, but have little effect on the efficiency with which unpolarized light is absorbed. PMID- 7249051 TI - Evaluation of the effects of sensory denervation on osteoblasts by 3H-proline autoradiography. AB - The inferior alveolar nerve was unilaterally resected in 30-day-old mice; other animals were unilaterally sham-operated. At 15, 30, 60, 90, or 150 days after surgery, the mice wee injected with 2 muCi of 3H-proline (sp. act. 1.0Ci/mM) per g of body weight and killed 15, 30, or 60 min later. Autoradiographs were prepared from 5 micron decalcified sagittal sections of mandibles and grain counts made over periosteal osteoblasts mesial to the first molar. In denervated mandibles, osteoblasts incorporated less isotope compared to controls with differences being maximal at the early intervals. These differences became attenuated with time, possibly due to an intrinsic compensatory mechanism, secondary to neurotrophic regulation. PMID- 7249054 TI - Electron-microscopic microprobe analysis on the initial stages of mineral formation in the epiphyseal growth plate. AB - Dry thin sections (300-500 nm thick) of shock-frozen, freeze-dried and embedded epiphyseal growth plates from the proximal tibia of guinea pigs were cut longitudinally from the plate. Dark round bodies (phi less than 0.5 micron) were observed using the scanning transmission mode of the electron microscope initially directly in the vicinity of the chondrocytes. They gradually spread out in the direction of the metaphysis to the center of the longitudinal septum and represent most probably the matrix vesicles. By use of a microscan of 0.25 X 0.25 micron the element-concentrations of these bodies were measured. The measurements started on those bodies that could be clearly recognized and were extended to a length of 30-40 micron in the metaphyseal direction. To obtain approximate quantitative results the registered CaK alpha and PK alpha x-ray counts were directly compared with counts of fully mineralized regions, the Ca and P contents of which are known. Ca as well as p could be detected in the first visible vesicle-like structures (Ca approximately 0.2%, P approximately 0.4%) and increased steeply in the metaphyseal direction, amounting to approximately 6% Ca and 3% P. These results may lead to the conclusion that Pi becomes split from phosphate esters and transformed into the matrix vesicles already in a very early stage of enrichment. Incorporation of Ca may be coupled with this process. PMID- 7249055 TI - Junction-like structure appearing at apposing membranes in the double cone of chick retina. AB - No type of junction has yet been recognized between the two entities of the retinal double cone. In the present study, a junction-like structure was observed in serial sections of the double cone of the chick retina. It is recognized from the slightly outer part of the double cone to the outer limiting membrane. The apposing membranes are virtually parallel and separated by 5 to 7 nm of extracellular space. Dense material is associated on the cytoplasmic side of the opposing membranes. The structure resembles a gap junction, but there are no cross striations between the two membranes. Further experiments are required to establish this as a new type of junction. PMID- 7249056 TI - B-cells of the synovial membrane. III. Relationship with the specific collagenous structure of the intimal interstitium in the mouse. AB - An ultrastructural study of the synovial membrane in mice revealed that, in addition to specific polypeptide-producing secretory cells (B-cells), the intima is characterized by a specific differentiation of the interstitium adjacent to the synovial cavity. Scattered collagen fibrils are embedded in a fine fibrillar material, which often appears as cross-striated strands resembling long-spacing collagen (periodicity from 90 to 120 nm). Similar material was found along the synovial cavity in the rat, guinea pig, rabbit and man. The close relationship between this material and B-cells observed in the mouse suggests that the maintenance of the specialized intimal interstitium may depend on the secretory function of B-cells. PMID- 7249057 TI - B-cells of the synovial membrane. IV. Ultrastructural evidence of secretory variations in hypophysectomized or propylthiouracyl-treated mice. PMID- 7249059 TI - Surface morphology of peritrophic membrane formation in the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni. AB - The development of the peritrophic membrane in the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The development of this membrane is characterized by a series of events suggested by the observations to be (1) secretion of material among and above the microvilli of the midgut epithelial cells, (2) maturation of this material into a randomly cross-linked fibrous matrix, and (3) aggregation of amorphous materials in and within the matrix. The membrane, possessing small discontinuities, remains intact in the midgut, but shows gross damage by the time it is passed from the insect, surrounding the feces. PMID- 7249060 TI - The mature mesonephric nephron of the rabbit embryo. II. TEM-studies. AB - Transmission electron micrographs of the mesonephric nephron in 18 day rabbit embryos reveal major cytological structures reappearing in the nephron of the definitive rabbit kidney. The initial segment of the proximal tubule resembles (despite quite different cell proportions) the cell picture of the metanephric S2 segment. The changes occurring at the end of the terminal proximal segment, the decrease in cell size, flattening of the nuclei, shortening of the brush border and reduction of Golgi profiles and endocytotic organelles largely parallel those between S2 and S3. The type of increased basolateral cell face of the proximal and distal tubule cells shows only quantitative differences to their metanephric counterparts. The distal tubule, which cannot be further subdivided (except the macula densa-region) exhibits varying degrees of cell interdigitations with vertically arranged and partially arching lateral ridges. This tubule matches closely the metanephric medullary straight part of the distal tubule, so that the sequence of the first mesonephric nephron segments is similar to the metanephric ones with the exception that the thin limb of Henle is absent. The large macula densa-region is characterized by its cell height and distended infranuclear spaces. The principal cells of the collecting tubule, with a few basal infoldings and intense short lateral interlockings resemble metanephric cells of the outer medullary collecting duct. The mitochondria-rich intercalated cells occur in dark and light contrasting forms and are more frequent than was evident from our SEM study. The homogenous cell population of the Wolffian duct is characterized by large glycogen deposits and comparatively smooth cell faces. PMID- 7249058 TI - Isolation and primary culture of adult human hepatocytes. Ultrastructural and functional studies. AB - Biopsy tissue of adult human liver was gently dissociated with collagenase followed by Dispase. By repeated low g centrifugation, a large number of almost pure, viable hepatocytes was obtained. This is the first report of a successful procedure for obtaining adult human hepatocytes for study in tissue culture. The isolated cells have the typical morphology of liver parenchyma, and these characteristics persist throughout the period of culturing. Evidence of their function is indicated by albumin synthesis. This procedure is now being used to study human hepatocyte functions in vitro and the effects of a variety of agents including carcinogens and viruses. PMID- 7249061 TI - Innervation of the intestine in the bivalve mollusc Chione stutchburyi. AB - The innervation of the gut of the venerid bivalve mollusc, Chione stutchburyi, has been examined by fluorescence histochemistry, electron microscopy and autoradiography. Specific green and yellow varicose fluorescent fibres indicate the presence of dopaminergic and serotonergic axons, respectively. Three different types of axons can be distinguished by the morphological characteristics of their vesicles. Type I axons contain predominantly small granular vesicles (average diameter 65 nm), Type II axons possess large granular vesicles (average diameter 100 nm) and Type III axons contain large opaque vesicles (average diameter 150 nm). The granular vesicles in both Types I and II axons react positively to dichromate, and their granularity is reduced by reserpine indicating that they are monoaminergic. Only Type I axons accumulate tritiated dopamine and are selectively damaged by 6-hydroxydopamine. It is concluded that Type I axons are dopaminergic. Type II axons are serotonergic: they alone take up tritiated 5-hydroxytryptamine, and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine selectively causes degenerative changes in these axons. Type III axons contain an unidentified neurotransmitter substance. The large opaque vesicles of these axons do not react to dichromate and are unaffected by reserpine, 6-hydroxydopamine or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. PMID- 7249062 TI - Fine-structural characteristics of the antennal sensilla of Agrotis segetum (Insecta: Lepidoptera). AB - The turnip moth Agrotis segetum possesses seven different types of sensilla: four single-walled (SW), one double-walled (DW), one terminal-pore (TP), and one poreless sensilla (NP). The SW 1 and SW 2 sensilla have the same external appearance, being long and slender, but differ in the branching pattern of the sensory processes: unbranched and branched in SW 1 and SW 2, respectively. The SW 3 sensilla are shorter, sickle-shaped, and contain a large number of branches from the sensory processes. These three sensillar types are innervated by 2--3 sensory cells. The SW 4 sensilla are raisin-shaped and possess three profusely branched sensory processes. The DW sensilla are short and have apical slit-like pores. This sensillar type has 5--6 sensory processes. The TP sensilla possess five sensory processes, one of them terminates basally in a tubular body, the others in the apical part of the long cuticular bristle. The NP sensilla are stout and have apical conelike structures. Two of the sensory processes terminate in the apical part, the third proximally. The third sensory process has a lamellar pattern. The fine structure indicates the following functions: SW and DW sensilla: chemoreception; TP sensillum: chemoreception and mechanoreception; NP sensillum: thermoreception and hygroreception. PMID- 7249063 TI - Ultrastructure of myocardial widened Z bands and endocardial cells in two teleostean species. AB - Widened myocardial Z bands and endocardial cells are described in two teleostean species Cichlasoma meeki and Corydoras aeneus. Widened Z bands containing mainly amorphous and electron-dense material were seen in a number of myocardial cells. Further, similar material may occur in large amounts beneath the sarcolemma and at intercellular junctions. Occasionally, we observed continuity between the latter material and that in expanded Z bands. In C. meeki the ventricular endocardial layer consists of two structurally different cell types, whereas in C. aeneus only one cell type was seen. The functional aspects of widened Z bands are discussed. PMID- 7249064 TI - Supraependymal cell clusters in the rat brain. AB - The histological patterns of supraependymal cell clusters (CC) in rats of different ages (untreated, androgenized, and treated with monosodium glutamate) were investigated with light (LM)-, scanning- and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM). These clusters were a frequent but not a constant finding. In 18 day- and older embryos, CC were always found in the recess of the olfactory bulb immediately prior to its obliteration. All other CC appear in the infundibular recess between the 3rd and the 6th postnatal day. Independent of age, all cell clusters exhibit small aggregates of subependymal tissue protruding through the ependyma. Both neurons (light cells) and neuroglia (dark cells) were found in the CC. By use of SEM, in the region of the infundibular recess it is possible to distinguish four forms of supraependymal cell clusters according to localization, size, number of cells, and presence of intraventricular axons. CC may be 1) receptors or have an additional secretory function; 2) Manifestations of a pathological type of reaction of the ventricular wall; 3) possible excrescences of the neural matrix, or 4) modifications of the ventricular wall in relation to the obliteration of the ventricular recesses. The first two interpretations are not tenable based on the present observations. PMID- 7249065 TI - Morphological studies on neuroglia. III. Macrophage response and "microgliocytosis" in kainic acid-induced lesions. AB - Light- and electron-microscopic investigations of kainic acid-induced lesions revealed a marked macrophage response and "microgliocytosis". The hematogenous origin of reactive elements, such as brain macrophages and "'microglia-like reactive cells", was demonstrated when blood phagocytes were labeled with carbon particles or horseradish peroxidase prior to induction of the kainic acid-lesion. The induced lesion showed a proliferation of microglial cells, which led to a state of "microgliocytosis" in the later stage of lesioning. Since it is now generally accepted that microglial cells in the state of "microgliocytosis" are derived from the "microglia-like reactive cells", proliferated microglial cells in the brain lesions are probably of hematogenous origin. The relationships among the brain macrophages, the "microglia-like reactive cells" and the intrinsic microglial cells are discussed. PMID- 7249066 TI - Amine-containing peptidergic synapses in a parasympathetic ganglion? AB - Following fixation with the modified chromaffin reaction of Tranzer and Richards (1976) unusual nerve profiles were found forming synapses on neurons in a parasympathetic ganglion intrinsic to the rabbit rectococcygeus muscle. Synaptic profiles were remarkable in having very high proportions of large filled vesicles. In addition to numerous large filled vesicles, many of these profiles contained a few chromaffin-reactive small granular vesicles. It is suggested that these profiles contain and may release both peptides and amines or amine-like substances which could mediate or modulate synpatic transmission in the ganglion. PMID- 7249068 TI - Microbiological study of sexually transmitted diseases among out-patients in a Nigerian hospital. PMID- 7249067 TI - Perspectives in obstetric care for Zimbabwe. PMID- 7249070 TI - The decompensation syndrome in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7249069 TI - The incidence of gall-stones in Zimbabwe. PMID- 7249071 TI - Medicinal plant use. A survey. PMID- 7249072 TI - Glomerulonephritis in Zimbabwe: experience of Harare Hospital during 1978. PMID- 7249073 TI - Pulmonary embolism. A hazard of air travel. PMID- 7249074 TI - The health status of farmworker communities in Zimbabwe. PMID- 7249075 TI - The urban n'anga in practice. PMID- 7249076 TI - Need to follow W.H.O. recommendations in treatment of rabid animal bites. PMID- 7249077 TI - Histone gene clusters of the newt notophthalmus are separated by long tracts of satellite DNA. AB - The genomic organization of the histone genes of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens is described. Genes for the five proteins are clustered on a 9.0 kb segment of cloned DNA which is part of a homogeneous family of sequences containing 600--800 members per haploid genome. The 9.0 kb histone gene clusters are not adjacent in the genome, but are separated from neighboring clusters by up to 50 kb or more of cluster spacer sequences; some or all of these spacer sequences are members of a predominantly centromeric satellite DNA with a 2235 bp repeating unit. PMID- 7249078 TI - Chromosomal arrangement of the chicken beta-type globin genes. AB - We have isolated the chicken beta-type globin genes from a library of chicken DNA -lambda Charon 4A recombinant bacteriophage. There are four beta-type genes within this segment of the genome; we believe this represents all of the beta type genes of the chicken. The recombinant lambda C beta G1 contains the embryonic epsilon- and adult beta-globin genes. The hatching beta H- and embryonic rho-globin genes are found in the recombinant lambda C beta G2. Although lambda C beta G1 and lambda C beta G2 do not physically overlap, we present evidence that all four genes are closely linked and transcribed from the same DNA strand. These experiments demonstrate that the chromosomal regions represented by lambda C beta G1 and lambda C beta G2 lie approximately 1.6 kb apart in the chicken genome. A third recombinant lambda C beta G3 extends the genomic locus studied in the vicinity of the beta-type globin genes to approximately 39 kb. The physical order of the chicken beta-type globin genes within this segment of the chromosome is 5' ... rho--beta H--beta--epsilon ... 3'. This arrangement is unique among the vertebrate beta-type globin gene clusters thus far examined, in that embryonic genes are located at the 5' and 3' ends of the cluster while the hatching and adult genes occupy central positions. PMID- 7249079 TI - Retention of tumor markers in F1 progeny plants from in vitro induced octopine and nopaline tumor tissues. AB - Tumorous tobacco shoots have been derived from callus tissues produced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens--induced transformation of tobacco protoplasts and by fusion of normal protoplasts with those from crown gall tumors. The continued presence of T-DNA sequences in shoots is directly demonstrated by Southern blotting and is also revealed by the presence of the tumor markers octopine and nopaline. When grafted onto normal tobacco plants, both octopine- and nopaline type shoots (including those from somatic hybrids) produced flowers and set seed. Germination of these seeds gave F1 progeny that showed retention of morphological markers of their parental shoots, and one seedling retained the ability to synthesize nopaline. The data demonstrate that T-DNA markers can be retained during meiosis and are expressed in F1 plants. PMID- 7249083 TI - Growth of adult human cells in culture at clonal densities. AB - The effect of varying medium concentrations of fetal calf serum (FCS), horse serum (HS) and chicken embryo extract (EE) on the growth capacity of adult human cells cultured at clonal densities was investigated. The best growth was consistently obtained with medium containing 20 parts FCS and 2 parts heat treated commercial EE. The growth potential of human muscle cells was not related to the age of the patient from which the biopsy was taken, but was dependent on the microenvironment of the culture and the cell density. PMID- 7249081 TI - Proteins associated with poly(A) and other regions of mRNA and hnRNA molecules as investigated by crosslinking. AB - The proteins associated with poly(A) and other regions of mRNA and hnRNA molecules in mouse L cells were investigated with the aid of ultraviolet light induced crosslinking of proteins to RNA. The poly(A)s of polyribosomal and free cytoplasmic mRNAs are associated with a protein, p78A. In contrast, the poly(A) of hnRNA is associated with a smaller protein, p60A, that differs from p78A in its partial peptide map. p78A occurs free in the cytoplasm, but p60A does not. There is a second 78 kd protein, p78X, associated with mRNA sequences other than poly(A). p78X differs from p78A in its partial peptide map. The total proteins crosslinked to polyribosomal and free cytoplasmic mRNAs are similar. However, the total proteins crosslinked to hnRNA are quite different from those crosslinked to mRNA. We suggest that newly synthesized mRNA molecules emerging from the nucleus into the cytoplasm shed the proteins with which they were associated in the nucleus and become associated with a new set of proteins derived from the cytosol. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic mRNA-associated proteins continue to exchange with free proteins. PMID- 7249082 TI - Mutant cells that abnormally process plasma membrane glycoproteins encoded by murine leukemia virus. AB - Wild-type normal rat kidney fibroblasts infected with the Friend strain of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) contain two virus-encoded glycoproteins on the outer surfaces of their plasma membranes: an envelope glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 70,000 (gp70), and a glycoprotein that reacts with antisera to the major virion internal core proteins p30, p15, p12 and p10 and has an apparent molecular weight of 93,000 (gp93gag). To analyze the functions of these glycoproteins and to develop a model system for studying genetics of membrane synthesis, we used an immunoselection method to isolate variant cell clones defective in processing these glycoproteins into their plasma membranes. Several lines of evidence, including complementation of glycoprotein processing defects by fusion with uninfected wild-type cells, indicate that the immunoselected variants have stably inherited membrane synthesis abnormalities that are encoded by cellular rather than by viral genes. The H-4 cell line, which was selected by use of antiserum to gp70, has metabolic defects that interfere with processing of both gp70 and gp93gag into its plasma membranes. Nevertheless, this cell line releases noninfectious MuLV. Furthermore, two cell lines (2 and 5), which were selected by use of antiserum to the virion core protein p30, specifically lack detectable cell surface or intracellular gp93gag but contain cell surface gp70 and release infectious MuLV. These results suggest that MuLV particles can bud efficiently from cells that lack known virus-encoded plasma membrane constituents. PMID- 7249084 TI - Motile components in early rat spermatids. AB - In early rat spermatids, two distinctly different kinds of movements of cell components were detected by video-analysis. The primary flagellum, a typical 9 + 2 axonema, is capable of inducing wave-like movements in three dimensions, unlike late spermatid forms, which display motility of the now thickened flagellum only by repeated bending of its extreme part. Additionally, at the apical regions of spermatids of the same early stage, cytoplasmic protrusions executed rhythmic movements at a frequency of almost three times per second. The two kinds of motility of the different components in the same type are thought to be involved in normal orientation and transfer of spermatids in the tubulus seminiferous during their differentiation to sperm. PMID- 7249085 TI - Cell-surface glycoprotein synthesis during differentiation of chicken erythroblasts transformed by temperature-sensitive avian erythroblastosis virus. AB - Chicken erythroblasts transformed by a temperature-sensitive mutant of avian erythroblastosis virus (ts34 AEV) have a greatly increased haemoglobin content (Graf, T., N. Ade and H. Beug: Nature 275, 496-501 (1978)) if allowed to grow for 3-5 days at the non-permissive temperature (41 degrees C), instead of the permissive temperature (35 degrees C) of the virus. Cell-surface molecular changes during this differentiation were investigated by examining the glycoproteins synthesized by a ts34-transformed erythroblast cell line. These cells synthesized a greatly increased amount of a 94,000 molecular weight erythrocyte cell-surface glycoprotein beginning 2-6 h after a shift in growth temperature from 35 degrees to 41 degrees C, consistent with the proposal that such a shift releases these transformed cells from a differentiation block. PMID- 7249080 TI - M-MuLV-induced leukemogenesis: integration and structure of recombinant proviruses in tumors. AB - M-MuLV-specific DNA probes were used to establish the state of integration and amplification of recombinant proviral sequences in Moloney virus-induced tumors of Balb/Mo, Balb/c and 129 mice. The somatically acquired viral sequences contain both authentic M-MuLV genomes and recombinants of M-MuLV with endogenous viral sequences. All reintegrated genomes carry long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences at both termini of their genome. In the preleukemic stage a large population of cells exhibiting a random distribution of reintegrated M-MuLV genomes are seen, but during outgrowth of the tumor, selection of cells occurs leaving one or a few clonal descendants in the outgrown tumor. In this latter stage recombinant genomes can be detected. Although these recombinants constitute a heterogeneous group of proviruses, characteristic molecular markers are conserved among many individual proviral recombinants, lending credence to the notion that a certain recombinant structure is a prerequisite for the onset of neoplasia. The structure of these recombinants shows close structural similarities to the previously described mink cell focus-inducing (MCF)-type viruses. PMID- 7249087 TI - Density gradient fractionation of effector cells in human natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 7249086 TI - Analysis of developmentally homogeneous neural crest cell populations in vitro. IV. Cell proliferation and synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. AB - Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) have been implicated as regulators of morphogenesis and differentiation. We have cultured two different homogeneous populations of quail trunk neural crest cell with different predictable phenotypes after equivalent times in culture, and used these populations to distinguish changes in GAG synthesis before and after cell differentiation from changes that depend on time in culture, and that thus may reflect a non-specific response to in vitro culture conditions. Cells derived from the outgrowths surrounding explanted neural tubes remained undifferentiated. These crest cells showed a decrease in [3H]glucosamine incorporation into total GAG with time in culture. A similar decrease in total GAG, and, in addition, a slight decrease in the proportion of hyaluronic acid (HA) was observed in cultures of cluster-derived cells that homogeneously differentiated into melanocytes. Putative mouse neural crest cells that did not form melanin under the present culture conditions showed, similarly to the quail neural crest cells, a high incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into HA relative to sulfated GAG. The proportion of HA did not decrease with time in culture in these mouse crest cells. When pigment granules appeared in avian crest cells, the proliferation rate decreased drastically, whereas the proliferation rate of cells that did not form pigment granules remained constant. The results indicate that time in culture rather than either a differentiation per se or a change in the rate of proliferation, is largely responsible for the observed changes in GAG synthesis. PMID- 7249088 TI - Cell biology international reports, vol. 5, no. 6, June 1981. PMID- 7249089 TI - The oxygen susceptibility of cultured HeLa cells and the cell cycle. PMID- 7249090 TI - Effect of hypothermia (20-25 degrees C) on mitosis in PtK1 cells. AB - PtK1 cells enter prophase and complete mitosis at 24-25 degrees C but are inhibited from entering prophase at 20-21 degrees C. Cells which have progressed up to midprophase at 24-37 degrees C return to interphase when cooled to 20-21 degrees C, but those in late prophase complete a normal, although prolonged mitosis. If prophase cells which have reverted to interphase at 20-21 degrees C are incubated at 24-37 degrees C they reenter prophase and complete mitosis. This temperature-induced prophase-interphase-prophase transition can be repeated several times on the same cell. At 24-25 degrees C the process of spindle formation (i.e. prometaphase to the initiation of anaphase) encompasses approximately 75% of the total mitotic interval, with a duration of 8-12 h, compared to about 50% of the mitotic interval and a duration of 0.5 to 1.0 h at 37 degrees C. PMID- 7249091 TI - External manifestation of plate-like particle arrays in the plasma membrane of Tetrahymena. AB - Plate-like arrays of 3-4 nm particles were previously reported to occur on the P face of the plasma membrane of Tetrahymena. Surface replicas have now been prepared from frozen, deep-etched cells. These replicas demonstrate that plate like arrays are manifested on the external surface of the plasma membrane. This observation lends support to the idea that the plate-like arrays have a receptor function related either to feeding or to mating behavior in Tetrahymena. PMID- 7249092 TI - Testing motor functions of the frontal zone in the locomotion of Amoeba proteus. AB - The hypothesis which attributes the motive power to the frontal zone has been tested by cinematographic analysis of the movements of amoeba, in which the front was either blocked by negative stimuli or destroyed. Partial inhibition and consecutive reorganization of the frontal activity by a beam of light had minor effect on the retraction of other body parts. Microsurgical destruction of the whole frontal zone had no effect on the functions of more posteriorly situated cell regions, which continue to contract and squeeze the endoplasm out into the external medium. PMID- 7249093 TI - Testing steering functions of the frontal zone in the locomotion of Amoeba proteus. AB - Light and chemical stimuli were asymmetrically applied to the advancing front of amoeba without affecting any body region behind the frontal zone. Stimulation limited to the front alone was sufficient to control the frontal expansion and, as a further consequence, the locomotion and shape of the whole cell. Contracting factors applied locally to the front inhibited it, whereas the relaxing agents activated its expansion. PMID- 7249094 TI - The influence of hydroxyurea on the incorporation of exogenous DNA into host cells. AB - The incorporation of exogenous isologous DNA into nuclei was studied in L-cells of replicating and non-replicating DNA. Hydroxyurea was used to inhibit DNA replication. The amount of exogenous DNA incorporated into cells decreased after the application of hydroxyurea by about a third. In the course of a 60-minute incubation exogenous DNA was incorporated into 75% of non-replicating DNA cells. PMID- 7249099 TI - [Contraception with Monogest in young women]. PMID- 7249098 TI - [C-reactive protein in the serum of pregnant women (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249095 TI - A three-dimensional study of organelle interrelationships in regenerating rat liver. 7. Size, shape and dynamism of secondary lysosomes. AB - Digestion of macromolecules inside secondary lysosomes results in small molecules leaving the lysosome by permeation. This may cause a drop in osmotic pressure and a consequent shrinkage of the lysosome. A membrane invagination may be formed which becomes internalized and then digested. This digestion causes new shrinkage. Minimal-sized lysosomes may ensue. The later are again engaged in digestive events when fusing with larger lysosomes. Through consecutive shrinkage and fusion cycles of many lysosomes residues slowly accumulate. Shrinkage may be counteracted by adding digestible material without increasing the lysosomal membrane surface. Transfer tubules can do so. They deliver their content to multivesicular bodies. The other lysosome types, however, are subject to shrinkage since they fuse with organelles (phagosomes, primary lysosomes) which insert at least part of their membrane. PMID- 7249096 TI - [Hormonal contraception after evacuation of hydatid mole (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249097 TI - [Pregnancy associated protein in women using hormonal contraception (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249100 TI - [Venous thrombosis of the upper extremity after hormonal contraception]. PMID- 7249101 TI - [Is infection of the fetal membranes a cause of premature labor?]. PMID- 7249102 TI - [Use of the gravidogram in the prenatal care and diagnosis of pathological states in pregnancy]. PMID- 7249103 TI - [Transfer of the in vitro fertilized oocyte in the treatment of tubal sterility]. PMID- 7249104 TI - [Juvenile metrorrhagia and its treatment]. PMID- 7249105 TI - [Trabeculectomy with implanted scleral strip (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249106 TI - [Our experiences with sinusectomy with iridoretraction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249107 TI - [Emmetropic eye - an ultrasonographic study. I. Historical development and present state of ultrasonic ocular biometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249108 TI - [Emmetropic eye - an ultrasonographic study. II. Methods of ultrasonic biometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249109 TI - [Strabismus in children with low birth weight and affected by various neurologic disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249110 TI - [Therapy of amblyopia with eccentric fixation by means of a vertical prism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249111 TI - [Prevention of amblyopia and strabismus in an outpatient department (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249112 TI - [Rationalization of working activities in ophthalmic departments and manufacturing of orthoptic instruments (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249113 TI - [Clinical remarks to the application of hydrophilic contact lenses in the medical practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249114 TI - [Further experiences with the microbial contamination of the conjunctival sac before intraocular operations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249115 TI - [Potential factors in the development of vascular spasm in intracranial aneurysm surgery]. PMID- 7249116 TI - [Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas - their diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7249117 TI - [Surgical treatment of multifocal and complicated cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 7249121 TI - [Consequences of corpus callosum transection]. PMID- 7249120 TI - [Morphogenesis of interhemispheric subdural empyemas]. PMID- 7249119 TI - [Changes in lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme levels in tumorous cysts and expansive processes in the central nervous system]. PMID- 7249118 TI - [Surgery of the cubital canal denervation syndrome]. PMID- 7249122 TI - [Notes on instruction in medical psychology at medical faculties (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249123 TI - [Psychoses endangering life (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249124 TI - [CAre for mental health in the year 2000 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249125 TI - [Criteria of success of treatment from a sociopsychiatric point of view (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249126 TI - [Medical and economic analysis of the treatment of advanced cancer of the ovaries]. PMID- 7249127 TI - [Contribution of Czechoslovak health services to the world-wide eradication of smallpox]. PMID- 7249128 TI - [Organization, results and significance of preventive follow-up examinations of former uranium miners]. PMID- 7249131 TI - [The place and role of social analysis in planning personnel development]. PMID- 7249129 TI - [Factors affecting productivity and work efficiency in clinical biochemistry laboratories]. PMID- 7249130 TI - [Economic aspects of the long-term development of a variety of drugs in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7249132 TI - [Heterogenity of tumour cell population and its changes during radiation treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249134 TI - [Basilar impressions and associated dysplasias of the upper cervical backbone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249133 TI - [Developmental anomalies of the cochlea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249136 TI - [Hypochondroplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249135 TI - [Tabetic osteoarthropathies of the backbone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249137 TI - [Sacral ribs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249138 TI - [Carcinoma of the stomach in a child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249140 TI - [Notes on Crohn's disease and its less usual roentgenological manifestations]. PMID- 7249139 TI - [Our experience with Telebrix 300 in brain arteriographies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249141 TI - [Lymphographic diagnosis of non-malignant nodular processes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249142 TI - [On the importance of angiography in the kidney injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249144 TI - [Instrumental cholangiography in the diagnosis of jaundice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249143 TI - [The collateral circulation of the kidneys as a manifestation of a serious obstruction of the renal artery in patients with renovascular hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249145 TI - [The contribution of representation of arteria ovarica in the angiogram in differential diagnosis of tumours on the pelvis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249146 TI - The interaction of nogalamycin and analogs with DNA and other biopolymers. PMID- 7249147 TI - The effect of caffeine upon cell survival and post-replication repair of DNA after treatment of BHK 21 cells with either UV irradiation or N-methyl-n nitrosoguanidine. AB - It has been found that in BHK 21 cells caffeine potentiates cell killing by both UV irradiation and N-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). The potentiating effect is greater with UV than with MNNG. While non-toxic concentrations of caffeine inhibit the joining of newly-replicated DNA fragments into large molecular weight DNA (post-replication repair) after UV irradiation, they have no such effect after MNNG treatment. Furthermore, the joining of DNA fragments continues in the cells treated with 3 microgram/ml of MNNG, a dose which leads to less than 5% cell survival. While inhibition of the synthesis of large molecular weight DNA can explain the synergistic effect of caffeine upon cell survival after UV irradiation, it cannot explain the similar effect after MNNG treatment. PMID- 7249148 TI - Association of elongation factor 2 with layer ribosomes of dimethylnitrosamine treated mice. PMID- 7249149 TI - Cell cycle regulation of DNA repair in normal and repair deficient human cells. AB - The regulation of nucleotide excision repair and base excision repair by normal and repair deficient human cells was determined. Synchronous cultures of WI-38 normal diploid fibroblasts and Xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts (complementation group D) (XP-D) were used to investigate whether DNA repair pathways were modulated during the cell cycle. Two criteria were used: (1) unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in the presence of hydroxyurea (HU) after exposure to UV light or after exposure to N-acetoxy-acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO-AAF) to quantitate nucleotide excision repair or UDS after exposure to methylethane sulfonate (MMS) to measure base excision repair; (2) repair replication into parental DNA in the absence of HU after exposure to UV light. Nucleotide excision repair after UV irradiation was induced in WI-38 fibroblasts during the cell cycle reaching a maximum in cultures exposed 14--15 h after cell stimulation. Similar results were observed after exposure to N-AcO-AAF. DNA repair was increased 2--4-fold after UV exposure and was increased 3-fold after N-AcO-AAF exposure. In either instance nucleotide excision repair was sequentially stimulated prior to the enhancement of base excision repair which was stimulated prior to the induction of DNA replication. In contrast XP-D failed to induce nucleotide excision repair after UV irradiation at any interval in the cell cycle. However, base excision repair and DNA replication were stimulated comparable to that enhancement observed in WI 38 cells. The distinctive induction of nucleotide excision repair and base excision repair prior to the onset of DNA replication suggests that separate DNA repair complexes may be formed during the eucaryotic cell cycle. PMID- 7249151 TI - Effects of metabolic inhibitors on cell lethality and mutation induction in Chinese hamster cells. I. Inhibitors of de novo purine synthesis and a comparison with the effects of caffeine. AB - The effect of pre- and posttreatment incubation of UV-irradiated and ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) treated cells with non-toxic concentrations of inhibitors of de novo purine synthesis (dnPS) on expression of potentially lethal and premutational damage at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus in V79 cells has been examined. The concentrations of inhibitors used were shown to profoundly perturb de novo DNA synthesis, by measurements of [14C]formate uptake, and cell cycle progression by flow cytofluorimetry. Postincubation in 6-methyl mercapto-purine ribonucleoside (MMPR) usually but not invariably potentiated the cytotoxic effect of UV and EMS but azaserine (AZS) and methotrexate (MTX) were without effect. No effects on mutant frequencies were observed on posttreatment with any of these agents. Caffeine produced the least effect on dnPS, but invariably potentiated lethal damage. This potentiation of lethal damage is not mediated by dnPS inhibition as has been suggested for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. PMID- 7249150 TI - Ultraviolet radiation-induced neoplastic transformation of normal human cells, in vitro. AB - Human foreskin cell cultures in scheduled DNA synthesis (S phase) of the cell cycle were exposed to UV irradiation at a dose of 10 J . m-1 in the presence of insulin. These treated cell populations, when selectively passaged in a high amino acid supplemented complete growth medium (CM) after 20 Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (pH 6.8) (PDL), were able to be grown in soft agar. These treated cell populations were also grown in 1% serum supplemented growth medium and at 41 degrees C in 10% serum supplemented growth medium. Cell populations 4--5 PDL after treatment exhibited altered colony morphology and altered lectin agglutination profiles but would not grow in soft agar. These events appeared to be associated with the early stages in the expression phase of the transformed phenotype. After 20 PDL, we observed that these cells would grow in soft agar at a frequency of 20 colonies/10(5) cells seeded in soft agar. The cell populations derived from these colonies, when propagated and injected into the nude mice, formed myxofibromas at the injection sites rather than the type of tumor (fibrosarcoma) previously described for chemical carcinogen-induced neoplasms. PMID- 7249152 TI - Effects of metabolic inhibitors on cel lethality and mutation induction in Chinese hamster cells. II. The effect of posttreatment with non-toxic concentrations of thymidine. AB - The ability of posttreatment exposure to non-toxic concentrations of thymidine (TdR) to enhance the lethal effects of a number of alkylating agents, X-rays and UV and the lethal and mutagenic effects of N'-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and N methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) has been examined in V79 cell lines. TdR posttreatment enhanced the cytotoxic effects of ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS), MNU and ENU but not of UV or X-rays and increased both the spontaneous and MNU- and ENU-induced frequencies of azaguanine resistant (AZR) mutants. No significant effect of TdR on the spontaneous frequency of thioguanine resistant (TGR) mutants was demonstrated but the frequency of MNU-induced mutants to TGR premutagenic was enhanced. The effects on expression of both potentially lethal and premutagenic damage were reversed by addition of an equimolar concentration of deoxycytidine (dCdR). The enhancement in spontaneous and induced mutant frequency (IMF) at the HGPRT locus appears to be due to an alteration in the selective efficiency of urine analogous due to alteration in growth kinetics of cells exposed to TdR or treated with alkylated agents or posttreated with thymidine after alkylation damage and not to an alteration in the miscoding potential of alkylated bases. PMID- 7249153 TI - Synthesis and antimicrobial Activity of methyl 5-nitro-3,4-diphenylfuran-2 carboxylate and related compounds. PMID- 7249154 TI - Syntheses and antitumor activities of 5-(substituted-methyl)-6-carbamoyluracils. PMID- 7249155 TI - Studies on antitumor-active 2,3-dioxopiperazine derivatives. II. Synthesis and structure-antitumor activity relationship of 1-benzyl-2,3-dioxopiperazine derivatives. PMID- 7249156 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of L-3,4-dihydroxy phenylalanine (L-DOPA) and its metabolites in the urine of patients with Parkinson's disease, control patients and normal subjects after oral administration of L-DOPA. PMID- 7249157 TI - Studies on the absorption of practically water-insoluble drugs following injection. II. Intramuscular absorption from aqueous suspensions in rats. PMID- 7249158 TI - Studies on the absorption of practically water-insoluble drugs following injection. III. Intramuscular absorption from aqueous nonionic surfactant solutions in rats. PMID- 7249159 TI - Degradation of nucleic acids with ozone. I. Degradation of nucleobases, ribonucleosides and ribonucleoside-5'-monophosphates. PMID- 7249162 TI - Effect of simultaneous administration of drugs on absorption and excretion. XI. Effect of diphenhydramine on sulfisomidine absorption in rabbits. PMID- 7249161 TI - Chemical and biochemical studies on carbohydrate esters. XI. Antitumor effects of fatty acid monoesters of D-glucose. PMID- 7249163 TI - Some structure-activity relationships for bactobolin analogs in the treatment of mouse leukemia P388. PMID- 7249160 TI - Effect of extract from Paeoniae Radix on urea-nitrogen concentration in rat serum. I. PMID- 7249164 TI - [Benign cancers of the stomach: radiological and endoscopic correlation on ten cases (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors refer to their experience on 10 cases of benign cancer of the stomach studied either radiologically or endoscopically before the surgery intervention. Moreover the authors emphasize the importance of the association between the radiological investigation and the fibroscope in the determination of the benign characters of the gastric neoplasm and the possibility given by the endoscope to effect an extemporaneous biopsy in the cases of uncertain interpretation. PMID- 7249165 TI - [The stenosis of large intestine as complication of pancreatitis: statistical contribution (author's transl)]. AB - After a careful examination of literature, the AA. report a case of left flexure stenosis of colon after pancreatitis and with abscess-fistula after cholecystectomy. The diagnosis supported by laboratory, radiological and endoscopic examination, has suggested to effect a derivative colostomy on transverse and the total parenteral feeding. The spontaneous resolution of lesion, radiologically documented after 5 months from the first operation, permitted, in a second time, the closing of stoma and the following removal of patient in satisfactory conditions. PMID- 7249167 TI - [2 cases of primary malignant tumors of the duodenum]. AB - Two cases of primitive malignant tumour of the duodenum are reported, with exclusion of neoplasias of the periampullar region. Such restriction makes this pathology rather rare. The clinico-diagnostic aspects are analysed and, for purpose of radicality, a comparison is made between two surgical techniques: duodenocephalopancreatectomy, possible for any localisation, and intestinal shortening with duodenal-jejunal resection for tumours of the 3rd and 4th portions. PMID- 7249166 TI - [Assessment of the surgical risk by skin tests of cell-mediated reactivity and other methods]. AB - In examining some procedures of general evaluation of the operative risk the Authors direct their attention to the performance of cell-mediate reactivity skin tests and consider a set of 42 patients (of whom 11 as controls, and 31 "high risk"). The results obtained are interesting and evidence the high reliability of these tests in evaluation of infective morbidity and mortality in neoplastic and non-neoplastic patients: in fact a negative response means high morbidity and mortality while a positive response corresponds to normal surgical healing. In tumoral patients, moreover a relationship between skin tests and clinical stage of the disease is observed: negativity of the test means a terminal stage and hence absolute inoperability: positivity corresponds to an advanced stage and hence relative operability (exploratory laparatomy and thoracotomy). The Authors conclude by stressing that the tests have a practical utility and prognostic value higher than those of other methods. PMID- 7249168 TI - [Chronic duodenal stasis after gastric resection. Clinical contribution (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of two cases of chronic duodenal stasis following Billroth I and Billroth II the Authors analyse this syndrome not very frequently described in literature. They disagree with those who state that chronic duodenal stasis after gastric-resection is to be considered solely as a complication of gastric surgery, but rather tend to think that is misunderstanding may be a cause of considerable therapeutic failures. PMID- 7249169 TI - [Correlations between diabetes insipidus and cranial injury]. PMID- 7249170 TI - [Surgical treatment of fractures in cranial injuries]. PMID- 7249171 TI - [The surgical exploration of the spermatic cord and testis with deferento vesiculography (DVG) in the study of azoospermias (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors refer about their investigation of the azoospermias with surgical exploration of the spermatic cord and testis with deferento-vesiculography (DVG). Thirty-three patients were examined with DVG from a total of 50 observations. The Authors conclude that such investigation, associated to the study of others parameters in the male sterility, reveals itself very useful to provide information about azoospermias. Therefore, while testicular biopsy informs on the histomorfologic aspect of the testis, the DVG provides the best investigation of the morphology of the seminal ducts. PMID- 7249173 TI - [Portal hypertension due to hyperafflux: presentation of a case of ileocecocolic arteriovenous angiodysplasia (author's transl)]. AB - A rare case of arteriovenous angiodysplasia leading to portal hypertension due to absolute hyperafflux is reported. After a note on the singularity and rarity of the case, the importance of hepatic manometric, oxymetric and fluximetric observations in diagnosis of hyperafflux is stressed. In the case described, in particular, the pre-operative hemodynamic examinations, although they did not lead to certain diagnosis, served to demonstrate the excellent perfusion capacity a histologically healthy liver can have, even in conditions of pure portal hyperafflux lasting for a long time. PMID- 7249174 TI - [Repair of large vesical wall defects with lyophilized dura mater. Experimental research (author's transl)]. AB - In order to evaluate whether and how far a fuller case documentation can contribute to a better knowledge of the real possibilities of the lyophilised human dura mater in the field of vesical alloplastic surgery, the Authors present and discuss the results they obtained during the course of experimental research. In the light of personal histological documents, they stress the absence of reject phenomena, a property which, together with the absence of precipitates, the complete re-epithelialisation of the transition epithelium and the possibility of ensuring good vesical capacity, evidence that lyophilised human dura mater has full rights to a place in repair surgery of large vesical wall defects. PMID- 7249175 TI - [Partial replacement of the ureter with lyophilized human dura mater. Experimental research (author's transl)]. AB - In order to evaluate whether and how for lyophilized human dura mater deserves to be used in the field of ureteral alloplastic surgery, the authors present and discuss the results they obtained during the course of experimental research. In the light of their personal histological documents, they stress the absence of reject phenomena, a property which, together with the absence of precipitates, the complete reepithelialisation of the transition epithelium and the ability to ensure normal ureteral perviousness, evidences that lyophilised human dura mater has full rights to a place in substitutive surgery of a segment of ureter, in particular the lumbo-liiac segment. PMID- 7249176 TI - [Thoughts on a case of Alfidi's syndrome]. PMID- 7249177 TI - [Geriatric surgery: a clinical and statistical contribution based on five years' experience (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors offer a critical review of their own five-year experience in the field of geriatric surgery, with special attention to actual results obtained. From these data they conclude that the progressive improvement of said results, such as it emerges from the documentation, owes partly to the surgeon's greater ability to cope with geriatric problems in his domain, and partly to increased awareness of the resources of geriatric surgery by the lay population. PMID- 7249172 TI - [A rare case of esophageal pathology: leiomyosarcoma (author's transl)]. AB - The AA. report a clinical case of rare oesophageal pathology: the leioomyosarcoma sole case on 200 oesophageal neoplasms that they have observed. The clinical likeness with oesophageal carcinoma and the complete superimposition of reports that have been obtained in this case with instrumental examinations respect to the oesophageal carcinoma, didn't permit to do the diagnosis of histotype, while this diagnosis could be done only after the preparation of an histopathologic preparation. The patient who was operated on for superior polar esophago gastrectomy, after 18 months is in good general conditions. THe AA. draw their conclusions after a short discussion. We must show in these paragraphs the particular macroscopic form of neoplasm that they have observed and the great difficulty of a diagnosis of leimyosarcoma without an histopathologic preparation. Agreeing with the most part of other Authors, they point out that the best therapy for these forms is surgical therapy. PMID- 7249178 TI - [Crohn's disease in the adult (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249179 TI - [The utility of angiography in the diagnosis and localisation of hepatic angiomas (author's transl)]. AB - In the study of benign hepatic tumours, angiography of the coeliac tripod is a fundamental step in the diagnostic course, allowing them to be characterised in detail; within the framework of evaluation of the said expansive forms, particular attention has been directed to differential diagnosis in relation to those malignant lesions that can simulate a benign process. PMID- 7249180 TI - [Description of two clinical cases of Cushing's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249181 TI - [Needle aspiration biopsy of a thyroid fibrosarcoma suspected cytologically and confirmed histologically]. PMID- 7249182 TI - [Significance of serum alkaline phosphatase in secondary hepatic localizations (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors analysed 292 patients with tumours particularly liable to hepatic metastatization, excluding from a wider set of cases all those which on grounds of age, bone localisations and other kinds of hepatic disease might have falsified the serum A. Ph. values. Analysis of their results led to exclusion of any direct relationship between hyperphosphatemia and degree of hepatic metastatization. It is also concluded that pathological observation of this enzyme, in the absence of semeiological data indicating secondary hepatic pathology, must be considered as grounds for fuller diagnostic investigation. PMID- 7249183 TI - [Trial of antiseptic methods for disinfecting the hands in surgery (a study of 300 cases)]. PMID- 7249184 TI - [Portal cavernoma. Observation of a case and clinico-nosographic considerations (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical case of a sixty-two year old woman suffering for about six years from rare episodes of cramplike pains in the right hypochondriac region, radiated to the homolateral scapula, is described. After diagnosis of biliary calculosis, the patient was admitted to hospital and her gallbladder removed. During the operation a number of venous ectasias of the portal system were evidenced at the hepatic hilus, and their biopsy led to a diagnosis of portal cavernoma. The possible part played by the cavernoma in producing the patient's clinical picture is discussed, with reference also to other cases of cavernoma of varying location. This is followed by a review of the literature, in which stress is placed on the different aetiopathogenetic interpretations of angiomas and in particular of portal cavernomas. The possible evolution of angiomas and present treatment trends are also mentioned. PMID- 7249185 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the ileum. Presentation of a clinical case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249186 TI - [Caroli's disease: a clinical case]. PMID- 7249187 TI - [Indications for cerebral revascularization surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebrovascular diseases are among the most widespread. In the USA alone there is at any time a population of 1.6 million people with current stroke syndrome or the sequelae thereof. The most effective weapon to combat this disease is prevention, and here reference is made in particular to surgical prevention, especially through endoarterectomy of the extracranial internal carotid, and to vertebrobasilar circulatory failure. PMID- 7249188 TI - [Present criteria of myelomeningocele (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249189 TI - [Modification of an experimental model of chronic pancreatic and biliary fistula in the minipig (author's transl)]. AB - An improvement in Corring's experimental model in the minipig is described. The model requires: -- a complete diversion of the biliopancreatic secretion and the possibility of its reintroduction into the duodenum; -- a particular anaesthesiological, technical and management problems taken up during the course of the research. Data are also given about basal pancreatic and biliary secretions in this particular experimental model. PMID- 7249190 TI - [Exocrine pancreas cancers: our experience (author's transl)]. AB - The AA. report 136 cases of exocrine pancreas carcinomata that they have observed in 8 years in Surgical Hospital in Verona and they tackle diagnostic problems and surgical therapy. They confirmed the utility for the diagnosis of echotomography (ECO), computerizing axial tomography (T.A.C.), retrograde-endoscopic-cholangio pancreatography (PTC). Considering the survival, at a distance of the cases that had an operation and life quality, the AA. incline, if possible, for a destroying surgical operation. PMID- 7249191 TI - [Cystic lymphangioma of the mediastinum. (presentation of 5 personal cases) (author's transl)]. AB - 168 mediastinal masses, 4 of which were cystic lymphangiomas, were operated in the Thoracic Surgery Department of 1st Surgical Special Pathology. After an analysis of the frequently and the pathogenetic theories of this rare disease, the Authors, with the aid of clinical cases, illustrate the clinical procedures and instrumental semeiotics which may sometimes lead to suspicion of this pathology, with particular regard to Computerised Axial Tomography (C.A.T.). PMID- 7249192 TI - [Changes in circulatory indices in hepatopathic patients (author's transl)]. AB - In more than 70% of subjects suffering from chronic liver disease of varying gravity without presenting signs of renal failure, a haemodynamic situation of hyperkinetic type was evidenced. The increase in flow is linked to the reduction of vascular resistances. A hemodynamic classification is proposed in order to evidence relationships between physical and mechanical adaptation and the mechanisms of regulation and counter-regulation, and within which the test case may find a possible interpretation. PMID- 7249193 TI - [Cirrhosis of the liver without portal hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - A group of patients with "cirrhosis of the liver", confirmed by biotic examination, were first subjected to radiographic examination of the coeliac tripod so as to confirm the presence of porto-hepatic or portocaval shunts; the blocked suprahepatic pressure and the porto-hepatic gradient were then determined. The porto-hepatic gradient values showed high variability, ranging from normal values (4 mm Hg) to values of 24 or more mm Hg, characteristic of portal hypertension of high severity. This is confirmation of the possibility that a cirrhosis, even though with presence of collateral circulations, need not necessarily be linked to a hemodynamic situation of portal hypertension. The observation, then, of normal portal pressure in the most advanced stages of cirrhosis (3rd stage according to the ALPERT and MITRA classification) seems to indicate the tendency to normalization of the portal pressure values in evolution of the disease. PMID- 7249194 TI - [Major hepatic resections for angioma]. AB - 6 cases of solitary angioma of the liver, treated with major hepatic resections, are presented (2 rt hemihepatectomies - 2 lt hemihepatectomies - 1 lt lateral sect. and 1 segmentectomy of the VIth). Their anatomopathological definition (solitary angioma, multiple angiomas, hemangiomatosis) is discussed in relation to the various therapeutic possibilities. From the diagnostic standpoint, an outstanding part is played by angiography. In addition to demonstrating the presence of hepatic mass, C.A.T. can, according to their experience, also allow diagnosis of quality on the basis of demonstration of vascular lacunae. It is considered that the treatment of choice of for solitary angiomas is surgery, which must be performed by skilled surgeons and consist in hepatic resections conduced by typical route. This is especially true for the giant forms, owing to their particular tendency to growth and spontaneous rupture. For small angiomas it is considered better in principle to remove them, generally by small cuneiform resections, unless they are situated in sites difficult to attack surgically and with high risk. In this case frequent check-up is necessary since, although they are sometimes found to be stationary and even in exceptional cases regressive, personal experience (2 cases) has demonstrated a tendency to expansion. PMID- 7249195 TI - [Major hepatic resections for carcinoma of the biliary tract]. AB - The Authors report their experience regarding two primitive tumours of the confluent and one tumour of the gall bladder involving the biliary confluent, all treated by major hepatic demolitions--one left hemihepatectomy and two extended right hemihepatectomies--with removal of the biliary tree en bloc and appropriate reconstruction. These highly demolitionary operations were performed with the aim of achieving greater radicality. The indications for such type of operation, dictated by notions of tumoral biology and reasons of surgical technique, are discussed. The Authors make a comparison of their experience with the data obtained from literature, which up to now reports only twenty-two; no statistical judgment on the effectiveness of the method is therefore possible, even if the results obtained and the theoretical presuppositions would seem to confirm its validity. PMID- 7249196 TI - [Syndrome caused by extrinsic compression of the celiac trunk (apropos of 4 cases)]. AB - On the basis of angiographic documentations the Authors report on 4 observations (3 men and 1 woman) of extrinsic compression of the coeliac trunk symptomatologically evidenced through abdominal pain attacks. All the patients were treated surgically by resection of the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm. In one case distal pancreatic resection was also performed on account of accompanying chronic pancreatitis. The long-term results were excellent in 3 cases, and good in 1. The diagnosis and surgical indication were made possible after repeated biochemical and instrumental investigations in order to exclude different pathologies (vascular, biliary, pancreatic, gastrointestinal) which might account for the reported symptoms. There is still discussion on the unresolved problem of the pathogenesis of the pain, as well as on surgical tactic and the advisability of completing resection of the arcuate ligament by sympathicectomy or coeliac ganglionectomy. PMID- 7249197 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic trends in the use of on an easily executed method of blood volume determination]. AB - In 59 subjects with varying pathology--mainly hepatic, cardiac and digestive diseases--the plasmatic, corpuscular and total blood volume was calculated by means of a colorimetric method: BSP clearance. The normal values compared with those obtained by other colorimetric methods give a slight overestimation. On the basis of the Ht the subjects are divided into three groups. In each group, subgroups are recognised with reference to total and fractional blood volume changes. The analysis evidences that a normal Ht is often present in pathological states, with variations in the two consensual blood volume components. In other situations in which the Ht is impaired, the degree of variation may be over or underestimated through inverse variation of the two components. PMID- 7249199 TI - [Pseudocystic pleural fistula documented by retrograde cholangiopancreatography]. AB - The use of recently introduced methods such as computerised axial tomography (CAT), in addition to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), has in recent years led to attainment of new targets in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. The Authors present a clinical case of massive and recurring left pleural effusion in a patient with a pseudocyst at the level of the cauda pancreatis. They report the clinico-diagnostico-instrumental factors leading to pre-operative diagnosis of pseudocystic-pleural fistula. PMID- 7249200 TI - [Cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Considerations on a clinical case]. AB - A case of pancreatic cystoadenocarcinoma treated surgically four years earlier as a pancreatic pseudocyst is reported. The problems of differential diagnosis between cystic tumours (cystoadenoma and cystoadenocarcinoma) and the more common pseudocystic lesions are analysed. Stress is laid on the importance of correct intra-operative diagnosis, mainly based on multiple biopsy of the cyst wall, and the need for radical exeresis. PMID- 7249198 TI - [Anesthesiological and urological considerations on access routes to the kidney based on our experience]. PMID- 7249201 TI - [Our experience in the field of splenic injuries]. PMID- 7249202 TI - [Cavitary carcinomas of the lung with a pseudocystic aspect. Description of 2 clinical cases]. AB - In this paper the Authors describe two cases of carcinoma of the lung with cavitary aspects that came under their observation. There are various hypotheses on the formation of such cavities: it is possible that the neoplastic cells may have a growth trend in a centrifugal direction, or that the cavity is due to a necroic-colliquaive process of the mass itself or to extensive phenomena of autophagism. In other cases the neoplastic cells carpet already existing air cysts, giving the appearance of thin wall cavitation. It is precisely this type of cavitation that poses problems of differential diagnosis. In fact, when other instrumental investigations such as bronchoscopy or needle biopsy, always combined with cytology of the sputum, are not decisive, a relatively certain diagnosis can be obtained only by observing the evolution of the picture for some time, as was the case in the patients referred to above. PMID- 7249203 TI - [Hormonal physiopathology and therapeutic implications in breast pathology]. PMID- 7249205 TI - [Clinico-diaphanoscopic diagnosis]. PMID- 7249206 TI - [Clinico-pathological nosology of malignant tumors of the breast]. PMID- 7249204 TI - [Gonado-mammary endocrine physiology]. PMID- 7249207 TI - [Critical review of the possible etiological factors in breast carcinoma]. PMID- 7249209 TI - [Criteria of the therapeutic evaluation of breast cancer]. PMID- 7249208 TI - [Clinical significance of epidemiology in the study of malignant breast pathology]. PMID- 7249210 TI - [Loco-regional therapy of breast cancer]. PMID- 7249211 TI - [Indications and limitations of quadrantectomy and conservative operations in malignant breast pathology]. PMID- 7249212 TI - [Systematic therapy of breast carcinoma: hormone therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy]. PMID- 7249217 TI - [Surgical treatment of anal fistulas by syringotomy using the Simonetti method]. PMID- 7249218 TI - [Squamous carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Note on a personal case]. PMID- 7249214 TI - [Cancer of the breast in pregnancy]. AB - The Authors discuss the incidence of mammary carcinoma in the course of pregnancy and its treatment. On the strength of their own experience as well as in the light of published data, they advocate prompt and complete local and regional treatment by surgery and irradiation whenever possible. In their opinion, the concomitant pregnancy does not constitute a contraindication. PMID- 7249213 TI - [Bilaterality of breast tumors]. PMID- 7249215 TI - [Breast carcinoma in the male]. PMID- 7249216 TI - [Surgical treatment of the postphlebitis syndrome and its complications]. PMID- 7249219 TI - [Conservative treatment of laryngo-tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 7249220 TI - [The isolated thyroid nodule: notes on our personal experience]. AB - An analysis of 255 patients operated for isolated thyroid nodes is made. Of these, 81% were cold nodes and 19% hot. Carcinomas were present in 21 cases. One carcinoma appeared as a scintigraphically hot node. The frequency of carcinomas, in relation to the nodules observed, was roughly the same in the two sexes. There is parallelism in behaviour of the rate in the two sexes as regards cold nodes, while this is not true for hot nodes. The importance of some recent diagnostic techniques is briefly discussed. PMID- 7249222 TI - [Decompressive transversotomy. Technic of performance and closure]. AB - The routine technique used by the Authors for performance of decompressive transversotomy in operations on the left colon and the rectum is described. The technique for extraperitoneal closure of the stoma is described in detail: the method is easy to perform and does not involve any noteworthy postoperative complications. Long-term follow-ups demonstrate that there are no functional disorders connected with adhesion of the organ to the abdominal wall. PMID- 7249221 TI - [The role of decompressive transversotomy in surgery of the left colon and rectum (personal experience)]. AB - Personal experience of 135 operations on the left colon and the rectum, with simultaneous formation of decompressive transversotomy, is presented. According to the Authors, decompressive transversotomy is the sole method capable not of avoiding anastomotic dehiscences, but of ensuring that they do not become clinically manifest, and hence of reducing the mortality connected therewith. The doubts sometimes raised with regard to the method seem in the Authors' opinion to be linked to technical shortcomings in performance of the transversotomy itself. PMID- 7249223 TI - [Our experience in the surgical treatment of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7249224 TI - [Supervision of the postoperative period in biliary shunt operations: validity of sequential hepato-biliary scintiphotography with 99mTc-HIDA]. AB - The Authors' aim was to assess the effectiveness of Sequential Scintiphotography of the Liver with 99mTc-HIDA (SSFH) in the evaluation of post operative jaundice, in operations of biliary derivation (43 observations in 28 patients). SSFH proved to be highly reliable even in comparison with more laborious procedures (such as Transhepatic Cholangiography), and superior to equally simple procedures such as Echo Tomography and Computerised Tomography, evidencing itself as the investigation of choice for the study of this pathology, especially in long-term follow-ups. PMID- 7249225 TI - [Therapeutic possibilities in advanced thyroid carcinoma]. PMID- 7249226 TI - [A case of suppurated urachal cyst (clinical study)]. PMID- 7249229 TI - [Anatomical data on arterial vascularization of the jejunum]. PMID- 7249228 TI - [The portal venous bed]. AB - The AA. give description of the anatomical bases of the venous system of compensation in the syndrome of portal hypertension giving iconographic pictures. They describe the major characteristic features of the portal vein circulation with particular attention to the main variations, their forms, site and particularly with reference to the surgical operations they necessitate. PMID- 7249227 TI - [Radical mastectomy, electron radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy as our rationalized tactical orientation in the treatment of breast cancer]. PMID- 7249230 TI - [Tuberculosis of the hernial sack (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 7249231 TI - [Traumatic children's emergencies. An analytical and statistical study spreading over 6 years (author's transl)]. AB - A study has been made of over 3800 children to determine the preventive measures and the possible prophylaxy of accidents by children. The traumatological emergencies are concerned. The study shows, by means of histograms, an increase of their frequency not withstanding the security measures which have been taken. Every kind of emergency is studied, with emphasis upon the fractures of pediatric surgery. PMID- 7249232 TI - [Traumatic displacement of the upper femoral epiphysis (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of traumatic displacement of the upper femoral epiphysis in young children are presented. The authors emphasized that these lesions are very rare (about fifty cases in the literature) and that the incidence of major complications including avascular necrosis of the proximal fragment, coxa magna and premature epiphyseal fusion is very high. However, an early orthopedic management including soft reduction with X-ray control and fixation by percutaneous kirschner pinning give the best chance for these complications not to occur. Two of the three described in this paper can be considered as a good result after a course of four years. The third case including traumatic separation through the epiphyseal plate with dislocation of the hip and fracture of the femoral head needed a surgical ablation with poor result. PMID- 7249233 TI - [Arteriovenous fistula for vascular access in childhood leukemia. Value of microsurgical technique (author's transl)]. AB - Acute leukemia are now in progress with intensive and prolonged polychimiotherapy but such medicine is difficult to manage because veins are rapidly unserviceable. In order to simplify hematological treatment and psychological approach of this patients we have constructed arterio-venous fistula in children with malignancy. The operation of choice is a subcutaneous cephalic-vein to-radial-artery arterio venous fistula on the fore arm at the distal part. 103 of this vascular access procedures are performed in 93 children and in infants weighing less than 10 kg: 57 are performed without magnification, 46 with the aid of operative microscope. The comparative study of this two procedures show that microsurgical technique is necessary to improve results, especially in the youngest patients. This vascular access are well accepted by the children and his families, and very useful for the medical staff. PMID- 7249234 TI - [Peritoneal pseudocyst, a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (case report) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report an observation of peritoneal pseudocyst, complication of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a six month infant hydrocephalus, with spinal bifida. The literature review confirms the rarity of that complication (25 observations), always preceded by incidents of the shunt function, be it mechanical or infection. The pathogeny remains mysterious. It is probably a peritoneal reaction to infectious problems or stranger body reject. In therapeutic, except the evacuation of the pseudocyst by puncture or drainage by laparotomy, you must change the shunt utilizing the ventriculo-atrial shunt. It is necessary to keep obsession of an often latent infection that compels an external drain unit suitable antibiotics. PMID- 7249235 TI - [Pseudo-surgical aspects of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The hemolytic-uremic syndrome consists of hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia. In childhood, some hemolytic-uremic syndrome can take the mask of a pseudo-surgical crisis mimicking intussusception or ulcerative colitis. Two cases are reported in children with abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, anomalies on the barium enema and in one case histologic features of ulcerative colitis. In the two cases, the biological disturbance of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome appeared with delay after the onset of the abdominal syndrome making the diagnosis difficult. Typical findings on the barium enema must evoke the hemolytic-uremic syndrome before renal failure: narrowing of the lumen of the colon, "thumbprinting", spasms and ulceration. But sometimes the diagnosis is more complicated because of the possibility of true surgical complications of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. PMID- 7249236 TI - [Duhamel operation for Hirschsprung disease (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty six patients with Hirschsprung's disease were treated with a Duhamel pull through procedure. Of the patients 32 were boys, 31 were diagnosed in the first three months of life, 30 had aganglionosis restricted to the rectum and to the sigmoid colon. The absence of mortality and the low complication rate confirmed that the Duhamel operation is a benign procedure. Highly satisfactory clinical and radiological results were observed during the follow-up period. Some patients presented a clear pressure fall of anal tonus with inflation of the pelvic digestive tract balloon. The sensing capabilities and the efficacy of this reflex were not so high than in normals controls. The relationship between the existence of this reflex and the clinical story of the patients might be interesting to follow-up in the future. PMID- 7249237 TI - [Interest of the sphincteromyectomy in the treatment of idiopathic constipation and short-segment Hirschsprung's disease (author's transl)]. AB - During last 10 years, 33 children presenting with a severe constipation (19 of them with subobstruction episodes) have been treated with sphincteromyectomy at ages varying from 3 m. to 13 y. The aetiologic study of the constipation includes a barium enema, a manometric study (for the cases treated since 1975) and a histologic study of the muscular strip obtained during the sphincteromyectomy. The barium enema does not show any specific pattern of Hirschsprung's disease, on the other hand, the manometric study brings more constant arguments to distinguish the idiopathic constipation from the short-segment Hirschsprung's disease. The sphincteromyectomy is done by anal approach (28 times) or by posterior approach (6 times). One patient has had 2 sphincteromyectomies. 14 patients had a Hirschsprung's disease and we find among them 9 very good or good results. 5 failures needed a rectal resection by the Swenson's technique. 19 children had an idiopathic constipation. 2 have not been reviewed. Among the 17 others, we find 11 very good results. No postoperative complications have been observed particularly not any incontinence. PMID- 7249238 TI - [Ultrasonography before surgical operation of retroperitoneal malignant tumors in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Abdominal tumors in childhood are diagnosed almost always by palpation only, the retroperitoneal localization of these are confirmed by I.V.P. The new gray scale ultrasound machine seem to be very useful in the staging of the masses before the surgical operation. For the correct appreciation of the sensibility of gray-scale ultrasound, 6 Wilm's tumors, 6 neuroblastoma and 1 malignant retroperitoneal fibroma were reviewed. These children were echographied just before the surgical procedure and the surgeon's reports were compared with ultrasonics findings. If the sensibility is good to give measurement of the masse and to establish the situation of the tumor toward the midline of the abdominal cavity, the visualisation of the great vessels was not so obvious. However these hepatic structures were well established in all cases. The renal vein was never seen. At the end of this report it's possible to describe differential echographic findings between Wilm's tumor and neuroblastoma. --A Wilm's tumor is a mass well limited in periphery, confused with the kidney and with a frequent sonolucent rim sign. --A Neuroblastoma is a very irregular tumor well separated of the kidney without sonolucent area in its limit. U.S. made after an I.V.P. is in all cases very useful to surgeons. The two methods with their additional findings make almost always arteriography without interest. PMID- 7249239 TI - [Trans-vesical approach to surgery on the prostatic utricle (author's transl)]. AB - The authors presented herein three cases of utricular diverticuli in children. With a brief survey of anatomy and classification as well as the pathology they provoked: urinary infection and incontinence. Endoscopic and perineal approach have been proposed in the past when ablation of the cyst is considered to be necessary. In two cases, trans vesical surgery has proved to be a carry, safe and reliable method in this age group. PMID- 7249240 TI - [Van der Meulen urethroplasty. Some technical details, results and commentary (author's transl)]. AB - Nineteen cases of anterior hypospadias corrected by Van der Meulen's operation are reviewed. Principle of this procedure is presented, pointing out some important details for successful results. Rare complications were observed and in all cases the final aspects of the penis is good, and the meatus can be made as near the tip as possible. This technique is very easy, urinary diversion is not used, and hypospadias may be repaired in pre-school time. Chordee is unnecessary cured before urethroplasty. A post-operative rotation of the penis can occur, but generally disappears in some months. PMID- 7249241 TI - [9 new Salmonella serotypes isolated in Africa and the Antilles]. AB - Description of nine new serotypes of Salmonella, three isolated in Senegal: S. tambacounda (I,3,I9:b:e,n,x) from Chiroptera, S. bargny (8,20:i:I,5) and S. fass (50:l,v:I,2) from horse; two recovered in Haute-Volta from patients with diarrhoea: S. tounouma (8,20:b:z6) and S. sya (47:b:z6); one isolated from a carrier in Antilles: S. gustavia (II:d:I,5); one from a snake in Tunisia: S. gafsa (I6:c:I,6); two from Madagascar: S. II I8:z4,z23:- isolated from a wild mammalian and S. III arizonae 6I:z52:z from a patient with diarrhoea. PMID- 7249243 TI - [Features of malaria in Guyana]. AB - A paludometric study of the 1970-1979 decade in French Guyana, shows a 2.7% plasmodic index, with a mean incidence of 6.4 per 1,000 habitants and a very high prevalence of P. falciparum (84%). Anopheles darlingi, the principal vector, still remains sensitive to DDT after 30 years of insecticide utilisation. The autochthonous malaria occurs permanently in the bordering areas between Guyana and Brasil at the East and between Guyana and Surinam at the West. In the other parts of the country, in the Island of Cayenne particularly, seasonal epidemics appear during the dry months and are due to imported Plasmodium. Sanitary reglementation of immigration and an actualisation of the anti-vectorial programme control are proposed as prophylactic measures. PMID- 7249242 TI - [Red grain mycetomas (A. pelletieri). Apropos of 20 new cases in Dakar]. AB - 20 cases of mycetoma A. pelletieri coming from Senegal are reported. This series confirms the peculiar localisation, extension and severity of this type of mycetoma: 14 cases located outside the foot (buttock, perineum, scrotum, inguinocrural area, abdominal and chest wall); frequency of lymph node involvement; importance of superficial extension; surgical possibilities overreached in more than 1/3 of the cases. Effectiveness of sulfa-methoxy trimethoprime in the medical management is outlined. PMID- 7249244 TI - [A Gabonese case of paragonimiasis in a child]. AB - We observed a case of lung infection with Paragonimus for a 4 year old child in Gabon. The treatment with bithionol was partially uneffective. Indeed, after the end of this treatment we observed hypereosinophilia, hyper IgG and X Rays pulmonary opacities but without eggs in stools of sputum. PMID- 7249245 TI - [Epidemiologic study of onchocerciasis in the Matakams of the Mandara Mountains (North Cameroon)]. AB - The epidemiological study of onchocerciasis performed in the area, where a certain number of dams are already build, shows that the prevalence of the disease varies in the different villages. The variations observed are probably in relation with the distance separating the villages from the temporary breeding sites of S. damnosum. The onchocerciasis is of the savannah type. The visual acuity is low and blinds are frequently seen in the villages where the prevalence of the disease is high. PMID- 7249246 TI - [Specificity and active principle of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis]. AB - Bio-assays of B. thuringiensis var. israelensis on larvae of Drosophila melanogaster, Musca domestica, Culicoides sp. and Chironomus plumosus are negative except in the last case, but only with doses much higher than those which are lethal for mosquito larvae. Tests on mollusks (Biomphalaria glabrata) and golden fishes are also negative. The specificity of action of the H 14 serotype, limited to a few Diptera families, should be mainly related to the special characteristics of its crystals, which are proved to be the only active material by studying the larvicidal power of isolated crystals and of spore-free or crystal-free mutants. The amino-acid composition is one of these characteristics, being similar qualitatively but different quantitatively, when compared with the composition of the other studied H serotypes. PMID- 7249248 TI - Nodular lymphoma. Prolongation of survival by complete remission. AB - Forty previously untreated patients with either nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic or nodular mixed lymphocytic/histiocytic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were evaluated for length of survival from the onset of combination chemotherapy. Complete remissions from initial therapy were achieved in 27/40 patients (67.5%). Actuarial analysis of survival shows that 83% of the complete responders from initial treatment are expected to be living at 7 years in contrast to a less than 2-year median survival of those who failed to reach complete remission with initial therapy when deaths from nonlymphomatous causes are excluded. Wilcoxon comparison of these curves shows a significant (p = 0.0001) advantage for those who are able to attain a complete remission. Treatment was not implicated in any death. Of those patients not reaching complete remission from initial therapy, 80% of the survivors attained a complete response from other therapy. It is concluded that complete remission attainment from initial chemotherapy significantly prolongs survival for patients with nodular lymphoma. Therefore, since combination chemotherapy has given higher complete remission rates than have single agents, such therapy offers the patient with nodular lymphoma the greatest chance for prolonged survival. PMID- 7249247 TI - [Assay for detection of ciguatoxin using an immunoenzyme technic]. AB - The ELISA method has been used to detect possible anticiguatoxin antibodies in the tissues of toxic fishes. Thin lamellae of toxic fish muscles have been brought into contact on the one hand with antibodies obtained after immunization of the rabbit and the mouse by a human serumalbumine ciguatoxin conjugate and on the other hand with human sera of ciguatera convalescent. These various antibodies have been recognized by peroxydase labelled anti-rabbit, -mouse and human antibodies. It has been not possible to show off specific antibodies of the ciguatoxin in the various immune sera tested by this immuno-enzymatic method. PMID- 7249249 TI - Maintenance management of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - The necessity of intensive maintenance chemotherapy in enhancing the duration of life in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) in remission has been evaluated. Twenty-four patients were managed with maintenance chemotherapy and 24 were not. In patients under 50, there was no evidence that maintenance prolonged survival. In patients over the age of 50, maintenance chemotherapy prolonged survival (p = 0.03). In both groups the duration of first remission appeared to be lengthened in patients on maintenance chemotherapy (p = 0.09). Since patients 50 and older were difficult to reinduce, it appears that the greatest prolongation of life for them is afforded by continuous maintenance chemotherapy which may forestall relapse. On the other hand, patients less than 50 years of age have a high likelihood of achieving a second complete remission; it is in this group that maintenance chemotherapy adds only to morbidity. PMID- 7249253 TI - Combination of dihydroxyanthraquinone and radiation on L1210 murine leukemia. AB - A new synthetic anthraquinone, dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHAQ), was tested as a single agent and in combination with whole-body x-irradiation in mice bearing L1210 leukemia in the ascites form. DHAQ alone had significant antitumor activity as evidenced by prolonged mean survival times; radiation was ineffective. The combination of the two modalities produced a therapeutic benefits greater than that produced by either agent alone: mean survival times were increased and a number of cures (animals alive at 30 days) produced. These results suggest the potential of using DHAQ and radiation in a combined modality therapeutic approach. PMID- 7249250 TI - Induction therapy and intensive consolidation with daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, and 6-thioguanine in adult acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Twenty-one patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were treated with a regimen including daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, and 6-thioguanine and 15 patients (71%) achieved a complete remission. Thirteen of the 15 remissions occurred after a single course of therapy and two after two courses of treatment resulting in a rapid time to complete remission. The time from treatment initiation to complete remission was 21-82 days with a median of 29 days. Nine of the 15 patients who gained a complete remission were then treated with two cycles of consolidation therapy utilizing the three induction drugs in modified dosages to determine the toxicity of a consolidation program. With the doses used in consolidation, pancytopenia regularly occurred but only 5/15 courses were associated with complications of bleeding or infection that required hospitalization. No patient died as a result of consolidation therapy. This study confirms the rapid effectiveness of the induction program which provided equivalent complete remission rates for adults at any age (up to 66 years). The consolidation regimen is now being used in a randomized study to determine whether it contributes to the duration of complete remission. PMID- 7249251 TI - Assessment of myeloma maintenance regimen of prednisone. Adriamycin, imuran, and vincristine in a murine plasmacytoma model. AB - A current southeastern cancer study group protocol for the treatment of multiple myeloma involves induction with BCNU, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone (BCP) and maintenance with either melphalan and prednisone (MP), prednisone, Adriamycin, imuran, and vincristine (PAIV), or delayed treatment of relapsed cases following induction. These combinations of drugs are used as induction regimens to establish their chemotherapeutic effects and hematological toxicity in the murine MOPC 104E plasmacytoma model. The three combinations of drugs produce rapid, reliable, and reproducible tumor regressions. However, MP is the only combination which consistently gives long-term disease-free survivors. This particular regimen has least toxicity and is considered to be most effective. BCP produces complete remission with no relapses; however, long-term survivors are not observed with this combination due to early deaths because of drug toxicity. Most of the mice on the PAIV regimen die due to drug toxicity. This combination is considered least effective. With the different drug regimens, toxic events and regressions are noted to occur at different time periods, indicating that perhaps tumor cells in different stages are being destroyed. Toxic events as measured by hematocrit and body weight changes always precede regression by several days. This disparity between rapid drug effects on the host and a delayed effect on the tumor remains unexplained but may possibly be used to advantage in designing future trials. PMID- 7249252 TI - Cyclical combination chemotherapeutic regimen in adult soft tissue sarcoma. AB - A cyclical combination chemotherapeutic regimen of Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide alternating with actinomycin D and DTIC was administered to 20 evaluable patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma. Responses included four (20%) partial remissions and five (25%) patients with stable disease. There was a significant prolongation of survival for responding patients (median 42.5+ weeks) compared to patients with progressive disease (median 17.5 weeks). Principal toxicity was nausea and vomiting particularly with the actinomycin D/DTIC combination and four patients found this so intolerable they withdrew from study. These results are inferior to those reported for Adriamycin alone and other combinations. Further evaluation of the concept of sequential non-cross-resistant combinations would only seem appropriate if newer more active agents are identified and each combination is administered for a set duration before crossing over to the alternative regimen. PMID- 7249254 TI - Radiation sensitivity modification by chemotherapeutic agents. AB - Three chemotherapeutic agents, chlorambucil, mustargen, and BCNU-409962, being investigated for their possible clinical use in conjunction with radiation therapy have been shown in vitro to dramatically affect the characteristics of standard radiation survival curves (in V79 cells and spheroids). The agent mustargen, at a concentration of 0.25 microgram/ml administered 1 hour prior to 9 MeV-electron exposure, had a significant effect in reducing D0. The 165-rad D0 observed in control curves was reduced to 105 rads in the presence of drug. One hour preincubation with BCNU (prior to radiation exposure) at a concentration of 3.0 microgram/ml was found to dramatically reduce the initial shoulder region with n number values for drug curves approximately one-half those seen for controls. No effect is seen when chlorambucil is combined with radiation in exponential or confluent cultures but an enhancement ratio of 1.8 is found when intact spheroids are pretreated with this drug. PMID- 7249255 TI - Management of carcinoma of the uterus stage II. AB - A total of 34 patients with Stage II endometrial carcinoma were evaluated for treatment in the department of Radiation Therapy at Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital from January 1958 to December 1977. Nineteen patients were treated by a standard radiation therapy technique using two radium placements and external beam therapy designed to give a high central tumor dose and also to give adequate radiation to the pelvic lymph nodes. A second group of 15 patients was treated by a wide variety of treatment programs, in most cases a combination of radiation and surgery. No significant difference can be seen between the results in the two groups. Excellent local control was obtained with one failure in each group. The high rate of distant failure indicates inaccuracies in the clinical staging and the diagnostic work-up methods available during this time. A more extensive pretreatment work-up utilizing computerized tomography, lymphangiography, or surgical exploration might improve the clinical staging and allow individualization of the treatment program. PMID- 7249256 TI - Tamoxifen in unresectable hypernephroma. A phase II trial and review of the literature. AB - Estrogen receptors have been demonstrated in human hypernephroma (renal cell carcinoma). Antiestrogens have been demonstrated to have antitumor activity in animal models of this disease. A prospective trial of tamoxifen therapy was undertaken in 10 consecutive patients with unresectable hypernephroma. No major responses to tamoxifen were observed. A review of the literature on antiestrogen therapy for this tumor reveals 148 published cases of hypernephroma treated with tamoxifen or nafoxidine. The overall response rate was 7.4%. Antiestrogens appear to have little clinical usefulness in the treatment of advanced hypernephroma. PMID- 7249257 TI - A system for determining the pharmacology of indirect radiation sensitizer drugs on multicellular spheroids. AB - We have characterized some of the physiology of multicellular spheroids of different sizes grown from Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cells. Among the parameters studied were oxygen tension distributions within the spheroid. This was achieved using ultramicroelectrodes with tip diameters of 1-5 mu and a perfusion system whereby environmental conditions such as flow, temperature, and chemical makeup of the milieu could be measured and controlled. Plateau pO2 values of less than 10 mm Hg were consistently obtained from spheroids under various conditions. We were able to modify these distributions by use of indirect radiation sensitizer drugs such as mechlorethamine HCl (mustargen) at nontoxic doses. We have also made determinations of the inhibitory capacities of several other drugs on the respiration rate of constituent cells of multicellular spheroids in single-cell suspensions. We have concluded that there are indeed hypoxic cells in spheroids whose radioresistance may be modified by essentially nontoxic levels of indirect radiosensitizer drugs and that the system described shows great promise for screening agents which may modify radiation response. PMID- 7249258 TI - Are all stage III cancers of the ovary really cancers of the ovary? AB - A recent chemotherapy trial in ovarian carcinoma raised questions about the diagnosis and staging of this disease. Review of the protocol records indicated that all 45 patients had a histologic or cytologic diagnosis of carcinoma. However, in three cases it was not stated how the primary site was determined. Another four cases were not explored, while eight others were explored, but the primary was not identified; the pathologic material was "consistent" with ovarian adenocarcinoma. Thus, one-third (15) of the patients had not had their primary adequately demonstrated. Published studies of advanced ovarian cancer typically refer to the FIGO staging system and imply that the primary lesion was actually identified, but review of the operative report and slide review of the primary lesion are not always described or required. Casually diagnosed cases should be labeled as such and evaluated separately. PMID- 7249261 TI - Adrenergic responsiveness of isolated saphenous arterial segments during hypovolemic hypotension and shock. AB - Previous studies from this laboratory suggest that cutaneous vasculature responds to hypovolemic hypotension by constriction as a direct result of catecholamine interaction with alpha-receptors (A.J.P. 212:488, 1967; A.J.P. 219:1210, 1970). The objectives of the present study were to determine if the effective smooth muscle population or adrenergic innervation densities varied as the dog progressively moves from reversible to irreversible hemorrhagic shock. Saphenous arteries were removed with adventitia intact during various stages of shock and placed in an isolated tissue chamber filled with warm (37 degrees C) Krebs Henseleit solution bubbled with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Norepinephrine (NE) dose response curves and periarterial electrical stimulation (ES) response studies were conducted. The maximum responses to NE which we consider to represent an index of effective physiological smooth muscle population and ES (ie, effective physiological innervation density) decreased slightly during the progression from control Stage I to Stage III shock. The sensitivity of the innervated alpha receptors as measured by the ES necessary to obtain a 50% maximal response (ES50) did not change during any stage of shock, indicating normal neural function. However, a significant reduction in NE ED50 from a control of 1.9 +/- 0.3 microM to 1.2 +/- 0.1 microM during early compensatory shock which persisted through early normovolemic shock indicated augmentation of alpha-receptor sensitivity. Signs of alpha-receptor desensitivation did not appear until late in the irreversible shock process when the NE ED50 increased to 3.9 +/- 1.1 microM. PMID- 7249260 TI - Evidence for an early lipid soluble cardiodepressant factor in rat serum after a sublethal dose of endotoxin. AB - The administration of a sublethal dose of E coli endotoxin (2 mg/kg) has been found to induce in the intact rat a slight decrease in mean carotid arterial pressure only 16 hours later. No death occurred whereas the same dose injected in the adrenalectomized rat caused lethality, and so did the higher dose (3 mg/kg) in the intact rat. Sera sampled two, four and 16 hours after administration of endotoxin (2 mg/kg) depressed contractile activity and the chronotropic response of isoproterenol in cultured rat heart cells. Such properties were not noted with sera sampled one or 24 hours after endotoxin administration. These cardiodepressant effects were localized in the lipid soluble fraction of endotoxin serum and absent in the fat-free portion. And yet neither endotoxin nor nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) serum fraction was involved, since they did not alter cell culture activity. Moreover, though total or individual NEFA levels in endotoxic serum were higher than those of control rat serum four hours after endotoxin injection, they were not significantly different from control 16 hours later. It is concluded that the administration of a sublethal dose of endotoxin to the intact rat induces early and prolonged (up to 14-16 hours) release of one or more humoral lipid soluble cardiodepressant factor(s), even in the absence of systemic hypotension. PMID- 7249259 TI - Beneficial actions of a free radical scavenger in traumatic shock and myocardial ischemia. AB - The role of prostanoids in shock states is complex because beneficial as well as deleterious prostanoids are formed during circulatory shock. Recent attention has focused on free radicals formed in the arachidonic acid cascade. MK-447, a free radical scavenger, at 1-4 mg/kg, was found to prolong survival in traumatic shock and to prevent the plasma appearance of a myocardial depressant factor (MDF) in shock rats. In the isolated cat heart perfused under ischemic conditions (ie, coronary flow less than 0.7 ml/min for 2 hours), MK-447 partially restored contractile performance after reestablishment of normal flow and partially prevented cardiac edema. In combination with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, meclofenamate, MK-447 dramatically restored mechanical performance, prevented leakage of myocardial creatine kinase activity, and cardiac edema. It appears that MK-447 protects in traumatic shock and in myocardial ischemia by a mechanism related to removal of free radicals formed in arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 7249263 TI - Endotoxin-induced lung injury in unanesthetized sheep: effect of methylprednisolone. AB - Our purpose was to study the effect of methylprednisolone (MPS) on endotoxin induced lung injury. We used lung lymph flow and lymph protein content at sensitive indicators of pulmonary microvascular integrity in unanesthetized sheep. Seven animals were given E coli endotoxin (2 micrograms/kg) alone and also endotoxin with MPS pretreatment (30 mg/kg) in paired separate studies. The endotoxin injury was divided into an early hypertensive phase (30-90 minutes) characterized by a significant increase in pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) and lymph flow, QL. This was followed later (3-5 hours) by a significant increase in protein-rich QL with normal pressures. MPS pretreatment significantly increased both injury phases in all animals. White cell count decreased in both groups; however, lymph beta-glucuronidase increased only in the nontreated group. Platelet count decreased in the nontreated group. Seven animals were then compared using endotoxin alone or with MPS treatment one hour after endotoxin. Only four of seven animals had a decrease in the lung injury after MPS treatment. We conclude that methylprednisolone is very effective in preventing lung injury, but only minimally effective in reversing the injury from endotoxin. PMID- 7249262 TI - Graded intestinal vascular obstruction. III. An analysis of pathogenic mechanisms. AB - A standardized model allowing graded obstruction of the intestine and its vascular supply was used in rats. Application of high pressures (100 and 120 cm of water) has previously been found to induce high mortality and intestinal mucosal lesions. This study was performed to elucidate the possible importance of nervous depressor reflexes and release of cardiotoxic material in the pathogenesis of the induced circulatory collapse. Denervation of the intestines made the blood pressure reduction during the period of obstruction less pronounced. Intestinal venous plasma obtained following one hour of obstruction with high pressure had a significant inhibitory effect when tested on isolated rabbit papillary muscles as compared to plasma obtained following obstruction with lower pressure. Pretreatment with clindamycin had no effect on this variable. It is suggested that the release of cardiotoxic factors is one pathogenetic factor in the development of the circulatory collapse following intestinal shock. PMID- 7249264 TI - Effects of methysergide or phenoxybenzamine on the renal and cardiovascular responses to endotoxin in rats. AB - Renal and cardiovascular responses to an intravenous infusion of endotoxin (2.5 mg/kg/hr for four hours) were studied in unanesthetized rats. Cardiac output was reduced while total body and renal vascular resistance increased. Mean systemic blood pressure was only slightly reduced. The renal excretion of sodium, potassium, and water were reduced with no significant effect on urine concentration. Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, and filtration fraction were also reduced. alpha-Adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine did not prevent any of the above changes, but a 5-HT blocking agent, methysergide, greatly reduced the effect of endotoxin on total peripheral resistance and blocked the effect of endotoxin on renal vascular resistance and renal blood flow. In rats treated with phenoxybenzamine or methysergide, endotoxin caused a large fall in the filtration fraction and extreme reduction in the rate of sodium excretion. These changes possibly resulted from decreases in the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient or in capillary hydrostatic pressure. PMID- 7249265 TI - Depression of myocardial function during acute pancreatitis. AB - The left ventricular function of 24 patients with acute pancreatitis was studied noninvasively using systolic time intervals. Seven of the 24 patients were reevaluated 4-40 days following the onset of acute symptoms. During the acute phase the PEP/LVET ratio was significantly prolonged to 0.470 +/- 0.031 and later declined to 0.376 +/- 0.017 (P less than 0.01). The convalescent value is similar to the low grade abnormality found in noncardiac alcoholics without pancreatitis (0.381 vs 0.312 in age-matched normals). Since serum electrolytes were normal, serum cardiac isoenzymes were not elevated and there was no evidence of volume depletion in the initial stages, the transient cardiac depression produced by acute pancreatitis may be mediated by the postulated myocardial depressant factor from the pancreas. PMID- 7249266 TI - Disturbances in the glucose metabolism in intestinal ischemia shock. AB - Intestinal ischemia shock is obtained in fasted rats by 40-minute splanchnic arterial occlusion (SAO) or by 35-minute portal vein occlusion (PVO). Survival is prolonged by plasma treatment; further prolongation is obtained by additional administration of glucose. After SAO early hyperglycemia is marked. Plasma adrenaline rises steeply after opening of the arteries and remains high, while plasma insulin remains unaltered. The hyperglycemia is abolished by adrenalectomy and section of the major splanchnic nerves (MSN) proximal to the adrenals but not by section of the MSN distal from the adrenals or by vagotomy. It is concluded that the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated by a substance, possibly related to VIP, released from the intestines. After PVO hyperglycemia is less marked. Plasma adrenaline as well as insulin are increased. During late and fatal hypoglycemia after PVO plus plasma treatment, the liver still appears to be functionally intact. It is assumed that gluconeogenesis is reversibly inhibited by as yet unknown factors. The hypoglycemia cannot be abolished by injection of common substrates of gluconeogenesis but the combination fructose plus glucagon plus NAD is highly effective. PMID- 7249267 TI - Interactions among inflammatory mediators on edema formation in the canine forelimb. AB - Prostaglandin E1, 4 microgram/min, infused locally intra-arterially (ia) for 60 minutes into forelimbs perfused at constant pump controlled inflow produced decreases in perfusion pressure, increases in lymph total protein concentration (approximately equal to g/100 ml), and small increases in weight (23 g) owing to edema formation. Histamine, 16 microgram base/min, or bradykinin, 10 microgram base/min, infused locally ia for 60 minutes produced large increases in lymph flow, lymph total protein concentration, total protein transport, and weight (70 g and 130 g, respectively). However, the local ia infusion of prostaglandin E1, 4 microgram/min, together with histamine, 16 microgram base/min, or bradykinin, 10 microgram base/min, produced weight increases of 180 g and 236 g, respectively, and the rate of weight gain during the combination infusions greatly exceeded that produced by infusions of histamine or bradykinin alone. Moreover, the increases in lymph flow and in total protein transport far exceeded those produced by infusions of prostaglandin E1 and histamine or bradykinin alone or additively. The edema produced by the local ia infusion of prostaglandin E1, 4 microgram/min, together with bradykinin, 10 microgram base/min, was even more more marked in naturally perfused forelimbs. Similarly, the local ia infusion of histamine, 4 microgram base/min, or bradykinin, 0.8 microgram base/min, for 60 minutes into forelimbs perfused at constant inflow produced increases in lymph flow, lymph total protein concentration, total protein transport, and weight (38 g and 14 g, respectively). In contrast, histamine, 4 microgram base/min, and bradykinin, 0.8 microgram base/min, infused together locally ia for 60 minutes produced increases in weight of 118 g. The increase in lymph flow and total protein transport was considerably more marked during the combined infusions than during the infusions of histamine or bradykinin alone or additively. PMID- 7249268 TI - Response of isolated rat heart cells to hypoxia, re-oxygenation, and acidosis. AB - Responses of isolated adult rat heart cells to conditions that emphasize various aspects of ischemia have been evaluated. Cells maintained in hypoxic media with limited substrate deteriorate more rapidly than aerobic controls supplemented with glucose. Two distinct irreversible pathways for cell alteration can be distinguished as follows: (1) continued anaerobic aging in the absence of glucose results in the production of large numbers of cells which retain the rod-shaped morphology of heart cells in situ, but which have lost sarcolemmal integrity, and (2) after a period of anaerobic aging, reaeration of the cells produces large numbers of rounded cells in irreversible contracture. These cells maintain an intact sarcolemma and are indistinguishable from those produced by addition of 1 mM Ca2+ to Na+-loaded, aerobic cells. Contracture of isolated cells on re aeration is at least superficially analogous to the oxygen paradox in situ, but since the isolated cells maintain an intact sarcolemma, there is no loss of creatine phosphokinase or other components of the cytosol. Incubation of isolated heart cells at acid pH (pH 6.8 to 6.2) largely prevents both Ca2+-dependent contracture and a Ca2+- dependent loss of respiratory capacity. The acidic conditions virtually eliminate the net influx of 45Ca2+ into isolated cells that occurs at neutral pH, and the inhibition appears to be localized at the sarcolemma. PMID- 7249269 TI - Time course of changes in porcine myocardial phospholipid levels during ischemia. A reassessment of the lysolipid hypothesis. AB - This study was performed to determine the early and delayed metabolic effects of myocardial ischemia on the major membrane phospholipids and to reassess the potential role of lysophospholipids in the genesis of malignant dysrhythmias induced by ischemia. Samples taken from in situ hearts before ant at various intervals up to 40 minutes after abrupt ligation of LAD were extracted by the classical Folch technique with modifications to avoid artifactual lysophospholipid production and losses. Following thin layer chromatography of lipid extracts, phospholipid fractions were quantified by phosphorus estimation and lysophospholipids by a more sensitive method employing gas liquid chromatography. The total phospholipid content with the exception of lysophospholipids remained essentially constant throughout the early phases of acute ischemia, but fell by 6 and 14% after 8 and 24 ours, respectively. At 8 minutes, lysophospholipid levels n ischemic myocardium were significantly increased by 60% compared to pre-occlusion controls in the ischemic zone and by 25% in post-occlusion controls. They changed little thereafter. The molecular species of lysophospholipids remained unchanged throughout the period of ischemia studied. The mole fraction of other phospholipids as well as their fatty acyl and aldehyde profiles also were unchanged. Despite significant elevations in lysophospholipids levels, their absolute quantities were very small (0.6% of total phospholipid P) and 15-fold smaller than that reported in vitro to simulate electrophysiological manifestation of ischemia. However, such small amounts in vivo, if produced in the microenvironment of certain membrane-bound enzymes along with acidosis, hypoxia, and fatty acids, could be potentially deleterious to cell functions. PMID- 7249271 TI - Small coronary vessel pressure and diameter in an intact beating rabbit heart using fixed-position and free-motion techniques. PMID- 7249272 TI - Electrophysiological effects of amphiphiles on canine purkinje fibers. Implications for dysrhythmia secondary to ischemia. PMID- 7249273 TI - Tissue osmolality, cell swelling, and reperfusion in acute regional myocardial ischemia in the isolated porcine heart. PMID- 7249275 TI - "Pressure-volume" relations in isolated cat trabecula. AB - We studied isolated cat trabecula under conditions closely resembling those present for muscle fibers in the left ventricular wall. The purpose of the study was to see if muscle contraction under those circumstances could be described by a time-varying compliance as reported for intact canine left ventricle. We found the time of the end of systole to depend on the history of contraction. This time varied between 100 and 160 msec as measured from the onset of contraction. Similar dependency, although less percentage-wise, was found by reanalysis for intact feline left ventricles. We conclude that the behavior of the canine left ventricle as a time-varying compliance may be related to the complex organization of the cardiac muscle fibers in the wall of the heart rather than to muscle properties. PMID- 7249274 TI - The effect of right ventricular filling on the pressure-volume relationship of ejecting canine left ventricle. AB - Acute shifts in the pressure-volume relationship of the left ventricle occur under several conditions. One potential mechanism for this phenomenon is ventricular interdependence, that is, the influence of right ventricular filling on the left ventricle. This mechanism was studied in an isolated cross-circulated ejecting canine heart preparation with balloons sewn into both right and left ventricles and connected to volumetric chambers allowing continuous and accurate simultaneous measurement of right and left ventricular pressures and volume. Sets of left ventricular pressure-volume loops were obtained under a variety of right ventricular volumes. Experiments were repeated with and without the pericardium. Both diastole and systole were studied. We show that in the pericardium-free heart working over a normal range of volumes, the right ventricle exerts little influence on left ventricular pressure. With the pericardium present, there is a small but significant effect of right ventricular volume on left ventricular pressure during systole and diastole. Over a wider range of volumes imposed in the arrested heart, the right ventricle does influence left ventricular pressure even without the pericardium. Thus we have demonstrated that ventricular interdependence is not likely to lead to large acute pressure-volume shifts, either during diastole or systole, except in the presence of considerably above normal right ventricular volumes. PMID- 7249270 TI - Prejunctional inhibition of norepinephrine release caused by acetylcholine in the human saphenous vein. AB - We performed experiments to determine whether or not acetylcholine exerts a prejunctional inhibitory effect on adrenergic neurotransmission in the human blood vessel wall. Rings of human greater saphenous veins were prepared 2 to 15 hours after death and mounted for isometric tension recording in organ chambers filled with Krebs-Ringer solution. Acetylcholine depressed contractile responses to electric activation of the sympathetic nerve endings significantly more than those to exogenous norepinephrine; the relaxations caused by the cholinergic transmitter were antagonized by atropine. Helical strips were incubated with [3H]norepinephrine and mounted for superfusion. Electric stimulation augmented the fractional release of labeled norepinephrine. Acetylcholine caused a depression of the evoked 3H release which was antagonized by atropine but not by hexamethonium. These experiments demonstrate that, as in animal cutaneous veins, there are prejunctional inhibitory muscarinic receptors on the adrenergic nerve endings in the human saphenous vein. By contrast, the human vein also contains postjunctional inhibitory muscarinic receptors. PMID- 7249277 TI - Liposome concentration in canine ischemic myocardium and depolarized myocardial cells. AB - To determine whether liposomes (microscopic phospholipid vesicles) may be useful in delivering drugs to a region of myocardial ischemia, we studied the concentration of positively charged and neutral liposomes containing 131I-albumin and horseradish peroxidase in ischemic myocardium of 20 dogs during the first 4 hours of experimental myocardial infarction. We studied the interaction of liposomes containing fluorescent dyes and horseradish peroxidase with isolated contracting cardiac myocytes. We found that positively charged and neutral liposomes accumulated in poorly perfused myocardium and that positively charged liposomes accumulated in the ischemic region to a greater extent than neutral liposomes [138 +/- 21 vs. 81 +/- 9% (mean +/- SE) of the concentration of liposomes in uninvolved myocardium]. Electron microscopic examination of this myocardium showed liposome contents to be located in the vascular space, in endothelial cells, and in ischemic myocytes. We found high potassium environment and that liposomal contents were scattered throughout the interior of the cells in the electron micrographs of some of the isolated myocytes. Anoxia alone for 20 30 minutes did not modify the liposome-isolated myocyte interaction or cause depolarization of the cells. We conclude that liposomes may be useful as drug carriers to depolarized ischemic myocardium, although significant uptake by normal myocardial cells cannot be expected with lecithin, cholesterol, and octadecylamine liposomes we used. PMID- 7249276 TI - Improvement in the relationship between flow to ischemic myocardium and the extent of necrosis with glycolytic intermediates that decrease blood oxygen affinity in dogs. AB - Reducing blood oxygen affinity may enhance myocardial oxygen delivery during ischemia. We evaluated this hypothesis in awake, previously instrumented dogs that received a 20 ml/kg infusion of a solution of dihydroxyacetone, phosphate, and pyruvate after acute occlusion of either the left anterior descending or circumflex coronary artery. This infusion reduced blood oxygen affinity (BOA) after 2 hours; the P50 increased from 29.9 +/- 0.7 torr (mean +/- SD) to 32.1 +/- 0.6 torr; P less than 0.01 (BOA group). Four dogs received 20 ml/kg of phosphate and pyruvate solution to assess volume effects (V group), and five dogs were controls (C group). The 2-hour P50 values in V and C were unchanged. Regional flow (15-mum spheres) reduction 2 hours postocclusion was compared to the percent tissue infarcted determined by histology 7-9 days after occlusion for multiple samples from the endocardial layer of the left ventricle. When flow was less than 40% of normal, V and C had 55% infarction while BOA had 37% (P less than 0.05); at flow less than 20% of normal, V and C had 79% infarction while BOA had 38% (P less than 0.001); and at less than 10% of normal, V and C 87% and 94% infarction, respectively, while BOA had 56% (P less than 0.001). Reducing blood oxygen affinity after coronary artery occlusion significantly decreased the extent of myocardial necrosis for the same degree of ischemia. Reducing BOA may increase oxygen delivery to ischemic myocardium when flow is restricted. PMID- 7249278 TI - Influence of length changes on myocardial metabolism in the cat papillary muscle. PMID- 7249279 TI - Myocardial morphometric characteristics in swine. AB - We have quantified the ultrastructure of myocardial cells in tissue samples obtained from six adult normal Yucatan swine. Tissue samples were obtained from 20 different sites in the left ventricle, right ventricle, and interventricular septum. The samples were processed for electron microscopy and quantitative morphometric analysis. The percent relative volumes of myofibrils, mitochondria, transverse tubular system, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and clear intracellular space were determined using stereological morphometric methods. Overall, the data were distributed homogeneously among the 20 individual sites. However, when certain subcellular components were examined regionally, some differences appeared. The mitochondrial:myofibril volume ratios were significantly increased in the left ventricle and interventricular septum compared to the right ventricle. They also were greater in the endocardial region compared to the epicardium, which is consistent with higher metabolic activity of these zones. Similarly, the sarcoplasmic reticulum:myofibril ratio was greater in the endocardial region vs. the epicardial region and the basal layer compared to the mid-layer, suggesting the greater need for provision of calcium ions in these particular zones. Since the swine is a convenient large animal for physiological studies, the results indicate that swine can also be used for quantitative morphometric measurements of myocardial changes in normal and pathologic hearts, and for the study of regional changes in various layers and regions of heart walls. PMID- 7249280 TI - Pulse wave propagation. AB - This report evaluates pulse wave propagation with respect to contributions by vascular wall elastic and geometric properties, vessel wall and blood viscosity, and nonlinearities in system parameters and in the equations of motion. Discrepancies in results obtained with different experimental methods and theory are discussed and resolved. A three-point pressure technique was used to obtain measurements from the abdominal aorta, carotid, iliac, and femoral arteries of dogs. Computations involved linear, as well as nonlinear methods. Results are presented along a continuous path of transmission (abdominal aorta, iliac, femoral), and it is shown that variations in phase velocity can be explained entirely by the geometric variation of these vessels. Phase velocities are shown to be frequency independent at approximately greater than 4 Hz whereas attenuation increases progressively for higher frequencies. Determination of propagation coefficients using maximal, compounded values of reported viscoelastic and geometric properties just manages to span the range of phase velocities, determined in different laboratories, but does not do so for attenuation. Also, differences in experimental techniques cannot explain these discrepancies. Consideration of geometric taper, nonlinear compliance, all the terms in the equation of motion, and the effect of wall and blood viscosity resolves discrepancies between theoretical and experimentally derived phenomena. PMID- 7249282 TI - Capillary growth and changes in heart performance induced by chronic bradycardial pacing in the rabbit. PMID- 7249281 TI - Preservation of platelets during extracorporeal circulation in sheep. A comparison between aspirin and sulfinpyrazone. AB - We studied the effect of aspirin and sulfinpyrazone on changes in platelet count, thromboxane B2 production, and pulmonary vascular resistance following the onset of veno-venous membrane oxygenator perfusion in sheep. Perfusion under identical circumstances was performed in three groups of animals, with one group serving as controls, one group receiving pretreatment with 1.5 grams of sulfinpyrazone iv, and one group receiving pretreatment with aspirin 50 mg/kg, iv. Both aspirin and sulfinpyrazone eliminated the rise in thromboxane B2 and the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance seen in control animals. Platelet preservation was improved significantly with sulfinpyrazone pretreatment, but not affected by aspirin. We conclude that sulfinpyrazone and aspirin have different mechanisms of action as far as platelet preservation during extracorporeal perfusion is concerned. The major difference may be sulfinpyrazone's ability to reduce platelet adhesion to the membrane surface. Since both aspirin and sulfinpyrazone eliminated the pulmonary vascular-response, but only sulfinpyrazone preserved platelets, it is apparent that the pulmonary vascular response is more closely related to thromboxane synthesis than to platelet disappearance. PMID- 7249284 TI - In vivo characterization of the adrenergic receptors in the working canine heart. PMID- 7249283 TI - Functional and structural changes in the rabbit ear artery after sympathetic denervation. AB - We studied the tissue weight, dimensions, contractility, elasticity, and sensitivity to exogenous norepinephrine (NE) of denervated and innervated segments of the central ear arteries of white New Zealand rabbits. Three different age groups received unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomies, "growing" at 3-4 weeks, "young adult" at 9-11 weeks, and "mature" at 16-20 weeks. In the growing group, 8 weeks after ganglionectomy, the denervated arteries showed mean decreases in tissue weight (11%), total wall thickness (12+), cross sectional area of media (17%), contractility (16%), and increases in the tangential modulus of elasticity and sensitivity to NE (2.3-fold) compared to the contralateral control vessels. The change in medial cross-sectional area was significant in the growing and young adult but not the mature animals. The other changes, however, although consistently seen, differed quantitatively among the groups. These results indicate that an intact innervation is necessary for normal development and maintenance of the artery wall. However, the precise consequences of this influence vary at different ages. Whether this influence involves a special trophic factor is not known. PMID- 7249285 TI - Effect of autonomic blockade on ventricular refractoriness and atrioventricular nodal conduction in humans. Evidence supporting a direct cholinergic action on ventricular muscle refractoriness. PMID- 7249286 TI - Blood pressure response to central and/or peripheral inhibition of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in normotensive and hypertensive rats. AB - We studied the effects on blood pressure and heart rate of two different phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) inhibitors in normotensive, in two kidney renal hypertensive, and in deoxycorticosterone-salt (DOC-salt) hypertensive rats. One compound (SK&F 64139) blocks the conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine in both the central and the peripheral nervous system, whereas the other (SK&F 29661) does not cross the blood-brain barrier and therefore is active mostly in the adrenal glands. In the rats given SK&F 29661, practically no acute blood pressure changes were in the adrenal glands. In the rats given SK&F 64139 induced only a minor blood pressure and heart rate response in normotensive and two-kidney renal hypertensive rats. However, in DOC-salt hypertensive rats, it reduced arterial pressure to approximately normal levels and concomitantly slowed pulse rate. There was a close correlation between the magnitude of the blood pressure response observed in all SK&F 64139-treated animals and the control plasma norepinephrine (4 = -0.795, P less than 0.001) and epinephrine (r = -0.789, P less than 0.001) levels. These results suggest an important role for central epinephrine in regulating the peripheral sympathoadrenomedullary and the baroreceptor reflex activity, particularly when the maintenance of the high blood pressure is not renin-dependent. PMID- 7249287 TI - Tissue mechanics of canine pericardium in different test environments. Evidence for time-dependent accommodation, absence of plasticity, and new roles for collagen and elastin. PMID- 7249288 TI - The arrhythmogenic actions of histamine on human atrial fibers. AB - We used standard microelectrode techniques to study the effects of histamine on right atrial tissues from patients undergoing corrective cardiac surgery. In the 10(-6) to 10(-4) M range, histamine increased maximum diastolic potential, action potential amplitude, and automaticity. In some preparations, histamine also induced delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity. The potency of histamine in increasing automaticity was about 10 times less than that of epinephrine. Propranolol (2 x 10(-7)M), which abolished the chronotropic effect of epinephrine, did not alter the effect of histamine. Conversely, the effect of histamine but not that of epinephrine was antagonized by cimetidine (3 x 10(-6) to 1 x 10(-5) M). This suggests that H2 receptors mediate the chronotropic effects of histamine on the human heart. The slow channel blocker verapamil (2 x 10(-8) to 2 x 10(-6) M) counteracted the effects of histamine on automaticity, delayed afterdepolarizations, and triggered activity, suggesting that in human atrium histamine may act by increasing slow inward (presumably Ca2+) current. If one considers these arrhythmogenic effects of histamine and the fact that human cardiac tissue contains large amounts of histamine, our experiments lend further support to the concept that histamine release can induce arrhythmias. PMID- 7249289 TI - Electrophysiologic and histologic correlations in chronic complete atrioventricular block. AB - Electrophysiologic studies using the His bundle electrogram (HBE) and histologic studies of serial sections of the conduction system were correlated in two groups of deceased patients. Group 1 consisted of five patients with chronic complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) who had narrow QRS complexes and AH block (block proximal to the His bundle deflection). Group 2 consisted of four patients with chronic CAVB who had wide QRS complexes and HV block (block distal to the His bundle deflection). In group 1, the sites of the main lesion were not located in the approaches to the atrioventricular (AV) node or the AV node, but were found in the penetrating portion of the His bundle in one patient and in the branching portion of the His bundle in three patients. In the remaining patient, the main site of block could not be demonstrated histologically in the AV conduction system, but marked fibrosis of the approaches to the sinoatrial node and surrounding atrial muscle was found. In all patients of group 2, the site of the main lesion was located in the bilateral bundle branches, and thus was compatible with so-called trifascicular block. This correlation study between the His bundle electrogram and histologic findings of the AV conduction system showed that in some cases, CAVB presenting as AH block on the HBE can be associated with a lesion in the branching portion of the His bundle (distal His), and that CAVB presenting as HV block on the HBE is associated with a bilateral lesion of the bundle branches. PMID- 7249290 TI - The indeterminate representation of disorders of conduction and dysrhythmias on the surface electrocardiogram: some practical consequences. PMID- 7249291 TI - Use of signals in the terminal QRS complex to identify patients with ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction. AB - Small, high-frequency electrocardiographic signals were recorded from the body surface in 39 patients with and 27 patients without ventricular tachycardia (VT). All patients were in normal sinus rhythm, had a previous myocardial infarction, were not taking antiarrhythmic drugs, and did not have bundle branch block. Bipolar X, Y, Z leads were signal averaged and processed by a bidirectional digital filter that allowed low-amplitude signals to be detected in the terminal QRS complex and ST segment. The high-pass filter frequency was 25 Hz. Patients with VT had a lower amplitude of high-frequency signal in the late QRS complex. In the last 40 msec of the filtered QRS complex, the patients with VT had 14.9 +/ 14.4 microV of high-frequency signal; patients without VT had 73.8 +/- 47.7 microV (p less than 0.0001). Ninety-two percent of the patients with VT had less than 25 microV of high-frequency voltage; only 7% of patients without VT had less than 25 microV (p less than 0.0001). Patients with VT had a longer QRS duration than those without VT, 139 +/- 26 vs 95 +/- 10 msec (p less than 0.0001). The QRS duration was longer than 120 msec in 72% of the patients with VT but in none of the patients without VT (p less than 0.0001). In all patients there was no separate and discrete high-frequency signal in the ST segment. Advanced signal processing of the ECG accurately identified the patients in the study with VT after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7249292 TI - Lead systems for internal ventricular fibrillation. AB - We examined the feasibility of using a standby automatic implantable defibrillator and established thresholds for internal defibrillation. The implantable defibrillator senses ventricular fibrillation and delivers an electrical impulse for defibrillation. Two lead systems for the device have been investigated. System I consists of two 12-cm2 silicone-covered titanium mesh patches attached to the atrial and diaphragmatic pericardial surfaces. System II has an identical diaphragmatic patch and a titanium spring catheter, with a 12 cm2 surface area of conductivity, placed transvenously in the right atrium. Both systems were implanted by thoracotomy in 12 dogs (mean weight 20 kg) and by a subxiphoid approach in 10 pigs (mean weight 20 kg). The defibrillation threshold (lowest energy required for 80% success) was determined periodically for 54 weeks in the dogs (615 trials) and at 6 weeks for the pigs (100 trials). In dogs, the mean defibrillation threshold with system I leads at 4 weeks was 10.5 J and did not change significantly over a 54-week period (p greater than 0.05). Similar results were obtained in the pig at 4 weeks. The defibrillation thresholds for both lead systems in dogs and pigs using a transpleural thoracotomy or a subxiphoid approach are satisfactory for an implantable defibrillator that produces 20-35 J. PMID- 7249293 TI - Effects of sudden change in cycle length on human atrial, atrioventricular nodal and ventricular refractory periods. PMID- 7249294 TI - Cardiac infarction injury score: an electrocardiographic coding scheme for ischemic heart disease. AB - A multivariate decision-theoretic electrocardiogram (ECG) classification scheme called Cardiac Infarction Injury Score (CIIS) was developed using ECGs of 387 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and 320 subjects without infarction. The most accurate and stable classification was achieved by using a combination of eight binary (single threshold), three ternary (two thresholds), and four ECG features measured on a continuous scale. For practical visual coding of ECGs, the CIIS coding procedure uses a checklist containing 12 items measured from the conventional 12-lead ECG. The CIIS test results indicate that, in comparison with conventional ECG criteria for MI used in clinical trials, the diagnostic accuracy can be considerably improved by optimizing feature and threshold selection and by multivariate analysis. The CIIS detected MI with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 95%. Using a higher severity level, a specificity of 99% was achieved, with a sensitivity of 71%. One of the primary uses of the CIIS is coding of significant worsening of the ECG with new coronary events from annually recorded ECGs in clinical trials and epidemiologic studies. PMID- 7249295 TI - Sustained ventricular tachycardia: role of the 12-lead electrocardiogram in localizing site of origin. PMID- 7249297 TI - Ventricular premature complexes and sudden death after myocardial infarction. AB - Among 1739 male survivors of myocardial infarction, mortality over 5 years was examined in relation to presence of complex ventricular premature complexes (R on T, runs of two or more, multiform or bigeminal complexes) identified during 1 hour of monitoring. Such arrhythmia was associated with excess risk of death over the entire period. Men with R on T or runs during the hour show a 5-year sudden coronary death rate of 25%, compared with 6% of men free of premature complexes. Men with complex ventricular premature complexes are also at relatively higher risk for nonsudden cardiac death than the other men (5-year mortality 15% and 7%, respectively), but no additional disadvantage was associated with the presence of R on T or runs. Multivariate survival analyses, controlling simultaneously for other important clinical factors, identify complex ventricular premature complexes as the strongest influence on risk of sudden coronary death and congestive heart failure as the strongest influence on risk of other cardiac death. PMID- 7249296 TI - Relationship between plasma levels of procainamide, suppression of premature ventricular complexes and prevention of recurrent ventricular tachycardia. AB - We compared the relationship between plasma levels of procainamide and suppression or prevention of various forms of ventricular arrhythmias in 18 patients, six of whom had premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) during acute myocardial infarction (AMI), six of whom had PVCs in the setting of stable chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD), and six of whom had recurrent symptomatic ventricular tachycardia (VT) with chronic PVCs between episodes of VT. The mean plasma level of procainamide required for 85% suppression of PVCs in the AMI patients was 5.0 +/- 0.5 micrograms/ml, while that required for the CIHD patients was 9.3 +/- 0.7 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.05). The mean plasma level required for prevention of spontaneous episodes of symptomatic sustained tachycardia in the VT group was 9.1 +/- 3.4 micrograms/ml, while the mean level required for 85% suppression of PVCs in the same patients was 14.9 +/- 3.8 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.01). In the VT group, PVC frequency was decreased by a mean of only 36% (range 11-63%) at plasma levels of procainamide sufficient to prevent spontaneous VT. The relationship between plasma levels of procainamide and PVC suppression appears to be different in AMI and CIHD patients; furthermore, a high degree of PVC suppression is not a necessary endpoint of antiarrhythmic therapy when attempting to protect patients against recurrent symptomatic VT. PMID- 7249298 TI - Risk stratification with low-level exercise testing 2 weeks after acute myocardial infarction. AB - We enrolled 250 patients with acute myocardial infarction after they had been discharged from the cardiac intensive care unit. Among 236 patients who performed a low-level exercise test just before hospital discharge, 52 (22%) had exercise induced ST depression of at least 0.1 mV in ECG lead V5, 102 (43%) had ventricular arrhythmias, and 121 (51%) had an exercise capacity of shorter than 6 minutes. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to investigate the association of exercise variables with 1-year cardiac mortality. Exercise duration and ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs) were significantly associated with 1-year mortality after acute myocardial infarction, both with and without control of the influence of other exercise variables statistically; the association of exercise-induced ST depression with 1-year cardiac mortality was not statistically significant. Standardized regression coefficients showed that the variables ranked in the following order in terms of predictive value: exercise duration, VPD frequency and ST depression. Jackknife techniques showed that multiple logistic regression using the three exercise variables was highly accurate in predicting 1-year mortality. PMID- 7249299 TI - Impaired left ventricular diastolic filling in patients with coronary artery disease: assessment with radionuclide angiography. AB - To assess left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling at rest in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), we analyzed high-resolution time-activity curves (10-20 msec/frame) obtained from gated radionuclide angiograms in 231 patients. Peak LV filling rate (PFR), expressed in end-diastolic volumes per second (EDV/sec), was subnormal in CAD patients (1.8 +/- 0.6 [+/- SD] vs normal mean of 3.3 +/- 0.6, p les than 0.001) and time to PFR (TPFR), measured from end-systole to PFR, was prolonged (171 +/- 41 msec vs normal mean of 136 +/- 23 msec, p less than 0.001). These indexes were also abnormal in the 141 patients with normal resting LV ejection fraction (PFR = 2.1 +/- 0.5 EDV/sec; TPFR = 175 +/- 36 msec) and in 123 patients without Q waves on the ECG (PFR = 2.1 +/- 0.5 EDV/sec; TPFR = 168 +/- 38 msec). Abnormal LV filling at rest (PFR less than 2.5 EDV/sec or TPFR greater than 180 msec) was found in 91% of all patients with CAD, 86% of patients with normal resting LV ejection fractions, 85% of patients without Q waves, and 82% of patients with normal resting LV ejection fraction, no resting regional wall motion abnormalities and no Q waves. Thus, LV diastolic filling, evaluated noninvasively by radionuclide angiography, is abnormal in a high percentage of patients with CAD at rest independent of LV systolic function or previous myocardial infarction. PMID- 7249300 TI - Acute effect of intravenous dipyridamole on regional coronary hemodynamics and metabolism. AB - The acute coronary hemodynamic and metabolic effects of intravenous dipyridamole were studied in 13 patients. Total left ventricular (LV), anterior (supplied by the left anterior descending coronary artery) and inferior (supplied by circumflex and right coronary arteries) regional flows and metabolic responses were assessed from the coronary sinus and great cardiac vein. Perfusion to LV regions was classified as potentially "normal" or "abnormal," based on coronary angiographic findings. Before dipyridamole, coronary flow, LV oxygen delivery and lactate extraction in both the normal and abnormal regions were similar. Within 1 minute after injection of 20 mg of dipyridamole by i.v. bolus, total coronary flow increased 51% (p less than 0.05). Fifteen minutes after injection the flow increase persisted. Flow decreased to approximately control level by 20 minutes. The major component of this increased total coronary flow resulted from increased flow in normal regions (75% at 1 minute, p less than 0.05). Mean regional LV oxygen delivery and lactate extraction were not changed significantly in either normal or abnormal regions. However, lactate production occurred more often after dipyridamole in abnormal regions. These results suggest that during dipyridamole induced hyperemia, regional coronary flow and metabolic responses depend upon the status of the arteries supplying the LV region. Regional differences in flow and metabolism occur independent of major changes in heart rate and aortic and LV pressures. PMID- 7249301 TI - Myocardial relaxation. V. Postextrasystolic contraction-relaxation in the intact dog heart. AB - Postextrasystolic (PES) relaxation of the left ventricle was studied in 24 anesthetized dogs using the time constant (tau) of the left ventricular isovolumic pressure decline as an index of global relaxation velocity. Using programmed atrial stimulation and a control RR interval of 500 msec, the "coupling interval/compensatory pause" was varied from 400/600 msec to 250/750 msec, and left ventricular pressure-segment length data from control beats were compared with data from PES beats. Contractile state and fractional shortening increased in the PES beat, but the relaxation time constant remained unchanged (control, 35 +/- 3 msec; PES at 250/750 msec, 36 +/- 3 msec) (p = NS). Pretreatment with propranolol did not qualitatively influence these results. Isoproterenol and calcium were given in doses sufficient to increase the time derivative of isovolumic pressure (maximal positive dP/dt) by an amount equal to that obtained with PES potentiation (approximately 50%); isoproterenol produced a substantial decrease in the relaxation time constant (38 +/- 4 to 30 +/- 6 msec, p less than 0.01), whereas calcium administration produced only a small decrease in the time constant (30 +/- 5 to 27 +/- 5 msec, p less than 0.05). Thus, in the intact dog heart, some positive inotropic interventions augment contraction and speed relaxation, but PES potentiation of contraction is not associated with a change in relaxation velocity. PMID- 7249302 TI - Angiographic anatomy of the normal heart through axial angiography. AB - We sectioned a series of hearts in a manner similar to that seen on angiographic axial views. A correlation with normal angiograms to identify the anatomic components of the four cardiac chambers showed that the components of the normal cardiac anatomy can be identified accurately through axial angiography in a manner not show previously. PMID- 7249303 TI - Angiographic prevalence of high-risk coronary artery disease in patient subsets (CASS). AB - The prevalence of coronary artery stenoses greater than or equal to 70% or left main stenosis greater than or equal to 50% was evaluated in 20,391 patients who underwent angiography in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study from 1975-1979. After the patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction were excluded, the disease prevalence in the 8157 patients with definite angina, probable angina, and nonspecific chest pain was 93%, 66% and 14% in men and 72%, 36% and 6% in women (p less than 0.001). The age and sex of the patients and character of chest pain were important determinants of disease prevalence and severity. Left main or three-vessel coronary disease occurred in more than 50% of middle-aged men and older women with definite angina and in more than 50% of men who had probable angina and were older than 60 years of age. In contrast, left main coronary disease occurred in less than 2% of 1282 men and less than 1% of 1397 women with nonspecific chest pain regardless of age. In this latter patient subset, less than 5% of men and less than 1% of women in each decade under 60 years had left main or three-vessel coronary artery disease. Thus, high-risk coronary disease is common in middle-aged patients with definite angina and older patients with probable angina, but is rare in patients with nonspecific chest pain. Indications and guidelines for diagnostic noninvasive tests and coronary angiography could be based on these results. PMID- 7249304 TI - Clinical evaluation of atenolol in hypertensive patients. AB - Atenolol, a cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, was given as the sole hypotensive drug for 8-12 weeks to 20 patients with hypertension of varying degrees of severity. Initial systolic blood pressure ranged from 162-238 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM 196 +/- 5.5 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure ranged from 105-143 mm Hg (118 +/- 2.5 mm Hg). Three patients had accelerated hypertension, six had cardiomegaly with recent exertional dyspnea and three were diabetics. Atenolol, 100-300 mg once daily, controlled both the supine and standing blood pressure and markedly attenuated the initial hypertensive response to severe exercise. In 17 patients (85%), atenolol therapy reduced blood pressure more than 20/10 mm Hg; however, adequate blood pressure control was not achieved in severe hypertension. A significant hypotensive action developed within 2 weeks of treatment, and control of hypertension was maintained for 2 weeks after sudden interruption of therapy. No patient had postural or postexercise hypotension. The drug appeared to exert its maximum hypotensive effect at the 100-mg dosage. The magnitude of the hypotensive response was related to the initial systolic blood pressure (r = 0.77, p less than 0.01) and the degree of inhibition of exercise tachycardia (r = 0.66, p less than 0.01). The atenolol plasma level and its hypotensive action were not related. Except for impairment of glucose tolerance in diabetic patients, atenolol had minimal side effects. PMID- 7249305 TI - Quantitation of aortic insufficiency using a catheter-tip velocity transducer. AB - Bidirectional instantaneous aortic root blood flow was measured in 18 patients with aortic insufficiency (AI) using a catheter-tip velocity transducer. The magnitude of AI was quantitated by determining total forward systolic flow from the area of the flow velocity curve above the zero baseline and regurgitant diastolic flow from the curve area below the baseline. Effective forward flow (stroke volume) was calculated as the difference between total forward systolic flow and regurgitant diastolic flow. Regurgitant fraction was determined as the ratio of regurgitant flow to total forward flow. These data were compared with conventional angiographic estimates (1+ to 4+) of the degree of insufficiency. Velocity transducer determination of regurgitant fraction was 26% in the patient with 1+ AI, 37% (31-48%) in 2+ AI, 49% (35-61%) in 3+ AI and 72% in 4+ AI (regurgitant fraction vs angiographic grade, r = 0.84). Regurgitant flow per diastole was 9 ml in the patient with 1+ AI, 39 ml (20-49 ml) in 2+ AI, 57 ml (31 102 ml) in 3+ AI and 183 ml (143 and 223 ml) in 4+ AI (regurgitant diastolic flow vs angiographic grade, r = 0.73). Good correlation (r = 0.90) was found between values of regurgitant flow obtained from the left ventriculogram and those obtained using the velocity transducer. Although the overall association was good, wide, variability in regurgitant fraction and regurgitant flow was found in the 15 patients with 2+ to 3+ AI. These results suggest that the electromagnetic velocity catheter offers a simple technique for quantitating AI. PMID- 7249307 TI - The serum digoxin test and digoxin toxicity: a Bayesian approach to decision making. AB - The clinician may often be uncertain about the presence of digoxin toxicity. This uncertainty is particularly important when the clinician must make initial therapeutic decisions about continuing or discontinuing digoxin. We describe a method that helps to clarify the role of the serum digoxin test in decreasing the uncertainty surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of toxicity. The relation between the test and toxicity was first determined in our patient population. An approach to the interpretation of the test based on the likelihood ratio was then developed by combining our data with selected data from the literature. The relation between the pretest risk of toxicity (the estimated risk of toxicity in the population under investigation before the test result is known) and the predictive value of the test was established. This relation was also used to analyze the importance of the degree of elevation of the test. The appropriate threshold probability for institution of treatment of toxicity was then determined by an interview technique. The test was able to make the patient's probability of toxicity cross the threshold probability for treatment of toxicity for an intermediate range of pretest risk. Our analysis suggests that the serum digoxin test may have a critical effect on therapeutic decisions and can be best considered as contributing to the spectrum of risk. PMID- 7249306 TI - Superior vena caval obstruction after Mustard's operation: detection by two dimensional contrast echocardiography. AB - To assess superior vena caval (SVC) obstruction after the Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries, we performed two-dimensional contrast echocardiography (2-D contrast echo) in 18 patients, ages 1-9 years. Sterile saline was injected into a peripheral scalp or arm vein while the junction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the systemic venous atrium (SVA) was imaged from the subcostal long-axis plane. The results of 2-D contrast echo were compared with those obtained at cardiac catheterization. In nine patients, contrast passed from the SVC to the SVA and the IVC remained free of contrast echoes. At catheterization, these patients had no SVC obstruction by angiography and minor SVC-SVA mean pressure differences (0-4 mm Hg). In five patients, contrast passed from the SVC into the SVA. Within a few cardiac cycles, contrast from azygos-IVC collateral vessels flowed in the IVC toward the SVA. At catheterization, these patients had partial SVC obstruction by angiography and SVC-SVA mean pressure differences of 9-13 mm Hg. In four patients, the SVA was filled only by contrast arriving from the IVC by way of azygos-IVC collateral vessels. At catheterization, these patients had complete SVC obstruction and SVC-SVA mean pressure differences of 14-20 mm Hg. Two-dimensional contrast echocardiography is a simple, accurate, noninvasive method for detecting SVC obstruction after Mustard's operation and allows differentiation of complete from partial SVC obstruction. PMID- 7249309 TI - Effects of isoproterenol on bradycardia-dependent intra-His and left bundle branch blocks. AB - The electrophysiologic study of a patient with a history of fainting showed first and second-degree Mobitz type I intraatrial and intra-His (IH) bundle blocks. Tachycardia and bradycardia-dependent IH block and bradycardia-dependent left bundle branch block were also present. Bradycardia-dependent block was probably caused by slight hypopolarization plus a slow rising slope of phase 4 depolarization and a shift of the threshold potential toward zero. Two months later a second electrophysiologic study was performed before, during and after administration of i.v. isoproterenol (IP). Shortening of atrium-His (AH1) and IH (H1H2) conduction time during faster heart rates caused by IP infusion may be related to its hyperpolarizing effect. Simultaneously, a shifting to the left of both bradycardia-dependent IH and left bundle branch block ranges was recorded during vagally induced cardiac slowing. These findings suggest that IP produces an increase in the slope of phase 4 depolarization of the His bundle and left bundle branch fibers and a simultaneous and concordant effect at both levels of the intraventricular conduction system. PMID- 7249308 TI - Myocardial dysfunction during paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. AB - Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is associated with altered hemodynamics. We describe the echocardiographic features of myocardial dysfunction during a prolonged episode of PSVT in an 11-year-old male. The abnormality of the phases of cardiac activity presented as a markedly prolonged left ventricular systole (320 msec) and isovolumic relaxation phase (220 msec) and a shortened and delayed diastolic filling period (140 msec). These abnormalities reverted to normal immediately after spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm. Propranolol, which was used to prevent PSVT in this child, may have been involved in the mechanism of the altered mechanical events. PMID- 7249310 TI - Protection of endothelium in vessel segments excised for grafting. AB - Contracture and collapse often complicate dissection and excision of blood vessels for grafting. Subsequent forceful redilatation and leak checking with cold saline almost always lead to partial or total denudation of endothelium, which increases the risk of early occlusion by thrombi or late occlusion by fibrocellular initimal thickening. To prevent endothelial damage, we used three major modifications of the excision and extracorporeal maintenance procedures: (1) adventitial application of the smooth-muscle relaxant papaverine in situ to avoid contracture and to allow subsequent gentle, gradual redilatation at low pressure; (2) balanced perfusion and maintenance fluid containing 10% protein (serum of albumin); and (3) extracorporeal maintenance of the vessel at body temperature. In an experimental extracorporeal vascular perfusion system, we could preserve morphologically intact endothelium of rabbit carotid arteries for over 3 hours, as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Applying the same principles to canine cephalic and saphenous veins, we gradually dilated the vessels at pressures as low as 100 mm Hg and obtained a morphologically intact endothelium after 1 hour of extracorporeal maintenance. PMID- 7249311 TI - Complications of percutaneous intraaortic balloon pumping. AB - Eight-nine consecutive patients who were considered candidates for counterpulsation were reviewed for complications of the percutaneous intraaortic balloon pump (PIABP). Indications for counterpulsation were cardiogenic shock in 37 patients, refractory ischemia in 35, postcardiotomy shock in nine, acute infarction with threatened extension in four, septic shock in three and elective preoperative use in one patient. In 67 patients (75.3%), successful passage of the balloon was accomplished in a single attempt; the opposite-side attempt was successful in 10 patients (11.2%) and neither attempt was successful in 12 (13.5%). Seventy-seven patients who underwent PIABP had major complications, including limb ischemia in 12, bleeding at the puncture site in three, permanent foot drop in three, aortic dissection in three, renal embolism in one and false aneurysm at the puncture site in one. Fourteen patients had minor complications: asymptomatic loss of pedal pulses in eight, transient bacteremia in two, parasthesias in two and wound hematoma in two. No patient had free perforation, balloon rupture or wound infection. The rate and severity of complications of PIABP are similar to those with conventional IABP insertion. Ease of insertion alone should not be grounds for using PIABP in patients who can be managed without counterpulsation. PMID- 7249312 TI - Assisted circulation by phasic external lower body compression. AB - Assistance to the systemic venous circulation after experimental acute bypass of the right heart was provided by phasic external compression of the body. Pressure to 60 mm Hg administered to the body below the costal margin at 6--8 cycles/min augmented the circulation by translocation of blood volume from the peripheral to the central circulation, which increased right atrial pressure by 44%, mean cardiac index (61 to 74 m/kg/min) and mean arterial pressure (79 to 100 mm Hg) by 21%. The experimental study was followed by clinical trial of this method of circulatory support after anastomosis of the right atrium to the pulmonary artery (Fontan operations) in nine patients. One-minute cycles of phasic external compression of 45--50 mm Hg for 45 seconds followed by decompression for 15 seconds in patients increased right atrial pressure by 44% (mean increase 7 mm Hg) and systolic arterial pressure by 30% (average 20 mm Hg, range 13--28 mm Hg). Only two patients required inotropic medications; the others received either no medications or nitroprusside during the first 24 hours after surgery. Phasic external compression of the lower body is a simple and effective means of assisting the circulation after the Fontan operation. PMID- 7249313 TI - Subclavian--left coronary artery anastomosis (Meyer operation) for anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. AB - Six patients, ages 2--76 months, had subclavian--coronary artery anastomosis (the Meyer operation) through a left thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass for anomalous origin of the left coronary artery. Five of the six had congestive heart failure and ischemic abnormalities on the ECG. All six had cardiomegaly by chest x-ray. Preoperative left ventricular rejection reactions averaged 0.46 +/- 0.171. In three patients in whom peak systolic pressure was measured in the left coronary artery at operation, pressure increased by a mean of 26 mm Hg when the anastomosis was unclamped. One patient died. Five patients are alive 8--92 months postoperatively and four of the five anastomoses were patent at postoperative cardiac catheterization. Postoperative ECGs were normal or showed reduced T-wave abnormalities in all patients, and heart size by chest x-ray has decreased or is normal. Postoperative ejection fractions increased by a mean of 0.12 in four of the five patients (p = 0.01). On patient had a normal ejection fraction preoperatively and it remained unchanged postoperatively. No patient receives cardiac medications or is symptomatic at late follow-up. The Meyer operation can be performed at an early age, establishes a two-coronary-artery system, has growth potential, requires one vascular anastomosis, and in this series, resulted in reversal of left ventricular ischemic changes and improvement in left ventricular contractility. PMID- 7249314 TI - The use of tolazoline hydrochloride as a pulmonary vasodilator in potentially fatal episodes of pulmonary vasoconstriction after cardiac surgery in children. AB - Infants and children with highly reactive pulmonary vasculature may die of an acutely increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) during or after correction of congenital heart defects. Fifteen patients, 11 infants ages 2--12 months (mean 5.3 months) and 4 children ages 2--10 years (mean 5.8 years), were treated with tolazoline to reduce an acutely elevated PVR during or after operation. Five patients had total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, six had ventricular septal defect and four had truncus arteriosus. Preoperatively, the ratio of systolic pulmonary artery pressure to systemic artery pressure (PAP/SAP) was 0.57 -1.54 (mean 0.93), and PVR was 1.8--20 units/m2 (mean 6.2 units/m2). The pulmonary artery pressure was monitored postoperatively by pulmonary artery lines placed at surgery (12 patients) or by balloon flotation catheters (two patients). Acute elevations in PAP/SAP accompanied by clinical deterioration occurred during attempted withdrawal from cardiopulmonary bypass in three patients, during apparently optimal ventilation postoperatively in eight patients, and after withdrawal of ventilatory support in four patients. Administration of tolazoline as a bolus (1--2 mg/kg) followed by infusion of 1--2 mg/kg/hour resulted in a rapid and sustained decrease in PAP/SAP, from 1.00 +/- 0.18 (mean +/- SD) to 0.40 +/- 0.09 (p less than 0.001), and was effective management for all these clinical crises. The use of tolazoline may prevent a fatal outcome from acute elevation of PVR in the perioperative period. PMID- 7249315 TI - The fontan procedure for tricuspid atresia. AB - A modified Fontan operation was performed on nine patients, ages 8--24 years (mean 14 years), with tricuspid atresia. The right atrium and right ventricle were connected with a valved conduit in five patients and directly in four. A porcine inferior vena caval valve was used in two patients. Prior operations had been performed in eight patients. There were no surgical deaths. Complications included pleural effusions, low-output syndrome, renal failure and atrioventricular block. There were two late deaths, only one of which was of cardiac origin. One patients required reoperation because of residual atrial septal defect at 1 month and again at 56 months for conduit stenosis. One patient required a pacemaker. Follow-up extends 6--65 months (mean 34 months). Survivors are clinically well and active, although four are taking medications. Postoperative cardiac catheterizations were done in six patients. Right atrial pressures were elevated in each, with no gradients across the conduit or pulmonary valve except in the one patient with conduit obstruction. Three patients had small residual ventricular septal defects and one a residual Blalock anastomosis. The Fontan procedure is an effective operation for tricuspid atresia. It may be further modified by establishing direct continuity between right atrium and right ventricle without a valve conduit in patients with a functioning pulmonary valve. The long-term ability of the right atrium to maintain adequate pulmonary flow and the effects of chronically elevated right atrial pressure on hepatic function and the cardiac conduction system must still be examined. PMID- 7249316 TI - Corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot without or with minimal right ventriculotomy and with repair of the pulmonary valve. AB - Thirty-six of 42 consecutive patients who underwent corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot were operated upon without or with minimum right ventriculotomy and with repair of the pulmonary valve. The other six patients underwent conventional right ventriculotomy primarily because they required external valved conduits for repair. One of the 36 patients (2.8%) died 11 days postoperatively. Postoperative hemodynamic and angiocardiographic studies were performed randomly in eight patients. The results were compared with those obtained from 21 control patients who underwent conventional corrective surgery with right ventriculotomy and without repair of pulmonary valve. There were no differences in the degree of residual pulmonary stenosis. Moderate-to-severe pulmonary regurgitation occurred in none of the patients who underwent the new procedures and in 24% of the controls. Cardiac and stroke volume indexes at rest measured postoperatively did not differ significantly between the two series of patients. The cardiac index for both series of patients increased significantly during isoproterenol infusion, measuring 7.29 +/- 1.97 l/min/m2 for the present series of patients (p less than 0.005) and 5.76 +/- 1.64 l/min/m2 for the controls (p less than 0.001). These two values were significntly different (p less than 0.05). Stroke volume index in the present series of patients increased significantly during isoproterenol infusions., from 37 +/- 5 ml/m2 to 45 +/- 15 ml/m2 (p less than 0.05), whereas that for the controls decreased significantly, from 43 +/- 10 ml/m2 to 38 +/- 12 ml/m2 (p less than 0.01). These differences in the response to isoproterenol infusion in the two series of patients indicated that right ventricular function after corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot was well maintained in patients who underwent the new method of operation. The two series of patients did not differ with respect to the development of right bundle branch block. PMID- 7249317 TI - Patch reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract with pulmonary valve insertion. AB - Although pulmonary regurgitation is generally well tolerated, reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract and insertion of a pulmonary valve are indicated in some patients. This procedure was performed in 12 patients, ages 1 1/2-17 years (mean 10 years). Seven had tetralogy of Fallot; of these, one underwent primary repair with Glenn shunt takedown and six underwent repeat operations after previous repairs. Of these six, the major indication for reoperation was right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in four, tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation in one, and a residual ventricular septal defect and patent shunt in one. Three had absent pulmonary valve syndrome and two had pulmonary atresia. There were no early complications or deaths in this series during a mean follow-up of 28 months. Repeat cardiac catheterization was performed in eight patients and revealed that the preoperative right ventricular pulmonary artery gradient was reduced from 58 +/- 25 mm Hg to 11.6 +/- 7 mm Hg at rest postoperatively and was located at the level of the valve. This gradient increased with exercise or isoproterenol infusion to 31 +/- 9 mm Hg. Our experience suggests that right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with porcine valve insertion can be safely performed with good hemodynamic results. This technique allows insertion of a larger porcine valve and avoids kinking and compression of a conduit behind the sternum. PMID- 7249318 TI - Porcine xenograft valve failure in children: an immunologic response. AB - Thirty-six children underwent placement of either an intracardiac porcine xenograft valve (n = 17) or an extracardiac porcine xenograft-valve conduit (n = 20). Eleven of 17 patients with intracardiac porcine valves and only one of patients with 20 extracardiac porcine valved conduits had severe hemodynamic valvular changes (p less than 0.01). Twelve of 17 of the intracardiac xenograft patients had symptoms: eight had congestive heart failure, one had angina and three had exercise intolerance. The only extracardiac conduit patient with hemodynamic changes had congestive heart failure. Calcification was noted in 11 of 18 intracardiac porcine valves and in none of the extracardiac valved conduits. Pathologic valve material was available in nine of 18 intracardiac porcine valve patients and disclosed extensive ingrowth of host tissue in eight valves, histiocytic infiltrates in all nine valves, plasma cell infiltrates in three valves and positive immunofluorescence for immunoglobulin in all three valves. Three of 17 patients with intracardiac porcine xenograft valves had increased plasma immunoglobulins and one patient had bone marrow plasmocytosis. Our data suggest that children have a high incidence of early xenograft dysfunction only when intracardiac porcine valve replacement is performed. The infiltration of plasma cells and histiocytes and the immunoglobulin response in children with intracardiac glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine valves suggest the xenograft dysfunction may in part be due to an immunologic reaction. PMID- 7249319 TI - Dysfunction and thromboembolism associated with cardiac valve xenografts in adults. AB - Cardiac valve xenografts often fail relatively early in children. We analyzed the incidence of valve dysfunction and thromboembolism in 253 consecutive adult survivors who received 294 porcine xenograft valves (150 aortic, 125 mitral and 19 tricuspid) from June 1974 to December 1979 (41% of all adult valve replacements). Mean follow-up was 25.6 months (range 9-75 months). Valve dysfunction occurred in four of 294 xenografts (three in mitral position and one in tricuspid position), all four caused by recurrent endocarditis; these four patients survived reoperation and are doing well. Thromboembolism occurred in six of 294 xenografts, none in aortic or tricuspid positions of rhythm or anticoagulation. Four of the six mitral xenografts associated with thromboembolism were in the 16 patients who had atrial fibrillation and received aspirin and dipyridamole but no warfarin (12% per patient-year), and two were in the 14 patients who were in sinus rhythm and were not taking medication, one of whom had recurrent Candida endocarditis. No thromboembolism occurred in mitral xenografts with sinus rhythm and antiplatelet agents. Thromboembolism did not occur in patients who were in atrial fibrillation and receiving warfarin anticoagulation. Late death (30 of 253) was unrelated to valve dysfunction, and only one death resulted from thromboembolism. This study showed excellent xenograft performance for as long as 75 months. Valve dysfunction occurred only with recurrent endocarditis, and thromboembolism occurred after mitral replacement, especially in patients who were in atrial fibrillation and were not receiving anticoagulants. PMID- 7249320 TI - Severe aortic stenosis in patients 60 years of age or older: left ventricular function and 10-year survival after valve replacement. AB - From 1962-1977, 99 patients, mean age 65 +/- 0.5 years (range 60-81 years) underwent valve replacement for severe calcific aortic valve stenosis. Ninety three percent of the patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV. The aortic valve gradient was 76 +/- 3 mm Hg and the aortic valve area index was 0.34 +/- 0.01 cm2/m2. Left ventricular systolic pressure was 207 +/- 4 mm Hg, cardiac index was 2.5 +/- 0.1 l/min/m2, left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.57 +/- 0.02 and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index was 108 +/- 60 ml/m2; left ventricular ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume were normal in 63% of the patients. The operative mortality was 16%. Mean follow-up is 55 +/- 4 months. Using life-table analysis, the 10-year survival, excluding cardiac deaths, is 57.5 +/- 7%. Ninety-one percent of the survivors are in functional class I or II. We conclude that the left ventricular function is normal in two thirds of elderly patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. After valve replacement, the 10-year survival is most encouraging and most of the survivors are functionally improved. PMID- 7249321 TI - Hemodynamic and clinical evaluation of the Hancock modified-orifice aortic bioprosthesis. AB - Clinical experience with the Hancock porcine bioprosthetic heart valve was reviewed in 150 consecutive patients (82 men and 69 women), 13-83 years of age (mean 65 years and 65% older than 60 years), who underwent aortic valve replacement from February 1977 to December 1979. Thirty-eight percent of the patients had associated procedures, including aortocoronary bypass grafting (CABG), valvuloplasty and multiple valve replacement. Overall early mortality was 5% (eight of 150 patients): three of 98 who had isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR), two of 21 who had aortic and mitral valve replacement (AVR/MVR), one of 26 who had AVR/CABG and two four who had AVR/MVR/CABG. In a follow-up period of 6-42 months (mean 26 months), 10 patients have died. Predicted 3-year survival for the study population was 80%. Ninety percent of surviving patients in New York Heart Association functional class I. Incidence of emboli has been 1.5/100 patient years. Of the five cases of endocarditis, three were fatal and all required reoperation. There have been no primary valve failures. In 43 patients, transvalvular intraoperative peak systolic gradients (left ventricular to aorta) were measured. In those with 19-mm valves (two patients), the gradient was 12.5 +/- 3.5 mm Hg; in those with 21-mm valves (16 patients), it was 10.0 +/- 6.5 mm Hg; in those with 23-mm valves (18 patients), it was 10.8 +/- 5.9 mm Hg; and in those with 25-mm valves (seven patients), it was 9.8 +/- 5.8 mm Hg. Thus, the Hancock modified orifice valve has good hydraulic performance and a low embolic rate without the need for anticoagulation, so it is acceptable for the elderly patient with a small aortic root. PMID- 7249322 TI - Hemodynamic evaluation of Hancock and Carpentier-Edwards bioprostheses. AB - The Hancock (H) and Carpentier-Edwards (CE) porcine xenografts are the most commonly used bioprostheses hemodynamic performance of these valves at each valve size was assessed by intraoperative measurement of transvalvular gradients and cardiac outputs in 122 patients undergoing aortic or mitral valve replacement. At comparable cardiac outputs, peak aortic valve gradients (+/- DS) were: 23-mm valve - H (modified orifice) 10.8 +/- 5.9 mm Hg, CE 7.6 +/- 6.2 mm Hg; 25-mm valve - H 11.9 +/- 5.5 mm Hg, CE 8.3 +/- 5.9 mm Hg; 27/29-mm valve - H 11.0 +/- 6.0 mm Hg, CE 6.6 +/- 5.0 mm Hg. Mitral valve gradients were: 29-mm valve - H 3.7 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, CE 2.8 +/- 1.1 mm Hg; 31-mm valve - H 3.5 +/- 1.0 mm Hg, CE 2.6 +/ 0.7 mm Hg, 33/35-mm valve - H 3.2 +/- 1.9 mm Hg. In both the mitral and aortic positions, Carpentier-Edwards porcine bioprostheses had significantly lower (p less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively) transvalvular gradients than Hancock porcine xenografts. PMID- 7249323 TI - Hemodynamic and cineangiographic study before and after mitral valvuloplasty (Carpentier's technique). AB - Hemodynamic studies were performed in 26 patients 2-60 months after mitral valvuloplasty (average 14 months). All patients but one had an annular deformity requiring prosthetic ring annuloplasty. In addition, 25 patients had prolapsed leaflet or restricted leaflet motion requiring specific techniques of repair. All patients were asymptomatic after operation. Significant residual mitral insufficiency was present in only five patients. Roentgenograms showed a reduction in cardiothoracic ratio, from 0.62 +/- 0.07 preoperatively to 0.53 +/- 0.06 postoperatively (p less than 0.001). Mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 30 +/- 12 mm Hg to 18 +/- 6 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) and cardiac index returned to normal (2.7 +/- 0.7 1/min/m2 vs 3.1 +/- 0.7 1/min/m2, p less than 0.02). Angiocardiographic studies showed that end-diastolic volume index returned to normal (148 +/- 41 cm3/m2 vs 89 +/- 23 cm3/m2, p less than 0.001), with significant decreases in end-systolic volume index ( 63 +/- 27 cm3/m2 vs 43 +/- 16 cm3/m2, p less than 0.001), left ventricular mass (114 +/- 28 g/m2 vs 88 +/- 20 g/m2, p less than 0.001), ejection fraction (58 +/- 11% vs 52 +/- 11%, p less than 0.02) and mean velocity of fiber shortening (1.19 +/- 0.36 circ/sec vs 1.01 +/- 0.24 circ/sec, p less than 0.05). We conclude that mitral valvuloplasty provides good and stable midterm results and that the operation should be performed before irreversible myocardial lesions occur. PMID- 7249324 TI - Preliminary results in mitral valve replacement with St. Jude medical prosthesis: comparison with the Bjork-Shiley valve. AB - The clinical improvement and the hemodynamic performance at rest and during bicycle exercise in 22 patients 1 year after implantation of a St. Jude Medical mitral valve (SJMM) were compared with the results of 40 patients after implantation of a Bjork-Shiley mitral valve (BSM). In both subjective and functional improvement were significant. In the SJMM group no thromboembolic event occurred, while five patients in the BSM group suffered from embolism during the first year postoperative year (12.5%). Hemolysis was significantly lower in the BSM group but remained subclinical in the SJMM group. This may be explained by a premature backward movement of the posterior leaflet of the SJMM prosthesis in the late diastole, which resulted in a change of flow pattern. Low resistance to blood flow in the SJMM prosthesis could be verified by a small diastolic transvalvular gradient. In valves with equal tissue annulus diameters (29 mm), the calculated effective valve orifices were significantly different (3.07 +/- 1.36 cm2 in SJMM, 1.85 +/- 0.53 cm2 in BSM). In both groups, the mean pulmonary artery pressure was significantly reduced at the time of reinvestigation but increased during exercise. Durability may become a problem because of the two moving parts of SJMM, but we have observed no malfunction. The SJMM appears to be a good alternative in mitral valve replacement. PMID- 7249325 TI - Surgical treatment of mitral regurgitation caused by floppy valves: repair versus replacement. AB - Between October 1969 and April 1980, 132 patients underwent operation for floppy mitral valve. The 46 patients in group A underwent valve replacement using an inverted, fresh, unstented, antibiotic-sterilized aortic homograft and the 86 patients in group B underwent valve repair. The onset of symptoms was sudden. More than 80% of the patients in both groups were in New York Association functional class III or IV. The dominant lesion in both groups was ruptured chordae to the posterior cusp (72% in group A and 58% in group B). There were five early deaths (11%) and 15 late deaths (32%) in group A and four early deaths (5%) and five late deaths (7%) in group B. The actuarial survival rate at 5 years was 62% in group A and 90% in group B. In group A, five patients (11%) had valve failure, which led to late death in two. Four patients (8%) in group A required reoperation. Two patients in group B developed a loud mitral systolic murmur soon after operation and required reoperation. Two patients in group B had thromboembolism before routine anticoagulation. Sixteen patients (61%) in group A and 56 (76%) in group B were functional class I after operation. PMID- 7249327 TI - Surgical treatment of occlusive subclavian artery disease. AB - Thirty-eight patients underwent operations for subclavian artery stenosis over a 12-year period. Nineteen patients had neurologic symptoms and 12 had claudication or ischemia. The classic subclavian steal syndrome was rare. Twenty patients underwent carotid subclavian bypass and 14 underwent subclavian endarterectomy using a cervical or thoracic approach. Follow-up data were available in 35 of 38 patients (average follow-up 36 months). Thirteen of the 14 patients who underwent endarterectomy remained asymptomatic and showed no evidence of restenosis (average follow-up 53 months). Of the 20 patients who had carotid subclavian bypass, Dacron was the graft material used in eight patients and autogenous saphenous vein was used in 12. Thrombosis occurred in five of 12 saphenous vein grafts, two immediately after operation, one at 2 months and two at 10 months. An anastomotic stenosis was identified and corrected in one patient 38 months postoperatively. Recurrent or persistence of symptoms was directly related to graft failure. Thrombosis or stenosis did not occur in any of the Dacron grafts. All patients had some relief of symptoms. Subclavian endarterectomy or carotid subclavian bypass with Dacron gave excellent long-term results. Autogenous saphenous vein were unsatisfactory for these short bypasses. PMID- 7249326 TI - Local effects of stenoses: increased flow velocity inhibits atherogenesis. AB - Thoracic aortic coarctations were produced in cynomolgus monkeys by one of three methods: circumferential banding to produce a symmetric channel with a rigid wall, lateral plication to provide an asymmetric channel with splitting on one side, and lateral plication plus banding to provide a rigid asymmetric channel. The degree of luminal constriction was 58 +/- 12%, with no significant difference among groups. After 3-12 months on an atherogenic diet, the coarctation channels were remarkably free of lesions compared with the aorta immediately proximal to the coarctation (p less than 0.001). Banding resulted in sharp circumferential termination of the lesions just proximal to constriction. Lateral plication resulted in an oblique termination of proximal disease wtih sparing opposite the plication. Lesions distal to coarctations occurred in a pattern related to the configuration of the coarctation channel and tended to form immediately below the plication. Sparing in and immediately beyond the constriction was independent of the rigidity of the aortic wall or of previous disruptive endothelial or medial injury associated with the operative procedure. Endothelium was preserved within the coarctation channel and over all lesions and distal to the constriction. The findings suggest that flow separation and instability tend to favor atherogenesis, whereas increased flow velocity per se may exert a protective effect. PMID- 7249328 TI - Acute ascending aortic dissection: surgical management. AB - The success of total aortic root replacement in conditions such as annuloaortic ectasia and complicated redo surgery has stimulated its use in acute dissection of the ascending aorta. We believe this radical approach is, in most cases, unwarranted, considering the excellent results with valve conservation. From 1970 1978, 20 consecutive patients with acute anterior aortic dissection and aortic insufficiency were operated at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center. Only one patient (5%) required reoperation for hemorrhage. The three operative deaths (15%) were associated with right coronary artery disruption, aortic-right atrial fistula and preoperative intrapericardial false lumen rupture. In eight patients, valve resuspension was combined with primary aortic repair and nine with ascending graft interposition, but aortic valve replacement was required in three because of annuloaortic ectasia or tissue friability. One patient treated by primary repair in 1971 underwent successful reoperation for redissection 7 years later (1.4% per patient-year risk of late reoperation), but the remaining 16 patients, followed 2-10 years, remain free of aortic insufficiency or recurrent aneurysm. This experience supports the use of valve reconstruction rather than replacement in most cases of acute anterior dissection of the aorta. PMID- 7249330 TI - Postpericardiotomy syndrome in adults: incidence, autoimmunity and virology. AB - While continuing a study of immunologic and virologic aspects of the postpericardiotomy syndrome (PPS) in infants and children, we undertook a companion study in adults. Whereas the incidence in 119 children was 27.8%, as is usual for our hospital, the incidence in 142 adults was 17.6%. Most of the operations (95 of 142) were performed on patients who were 50-69 years old. Incidence decreased as age increased: 28.5% for ages less than 40 years, 19.7% for ages 40--59 years, 14.2% for ages 60--69 years, and 10% for ages 70 years and older. Heart-reactive antibody in high titer was found in all patients with PPS; a rise in antiviral antibody to one or more of a battery of eight common viruses (adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and coxsackie-virus B 1 to 6) was identified in 68% of these with PPS but in only 5% of those without clinical manifestations. We conclude that in adults, as in children, PPS may be an autoimmune phenomenon triggered by viral illness. PMID- 7249329 TI - Pulmonary dysfunction associated with cardiopulmonary bypass: a comparison of bubble and membrane oxygenators. AB - Intrapulmonary shunting and white cell sequestration in the lungs were compared prospectively in patients who underwent coronary artery grafting using either bubble or membrane oxygenators. Bubble oxygenators caused more sequestration of white cells, but this was not reflected in any detectable increase in pulmonary shunting. Postoperative blood loss was less in those patients who had been on membrane oxygenators. We conclude that there is little advantage in using the membrane oxygenator for uncomplicated short-term perfusions. PMID- 7249331 TI - Left main equivalent: results of medical and surgical therapy. AB - Stenosis of at least 50% of both the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries proximal to their major branches has sometimes been called left main equivalent (LME) disease. During a 4-year interval, 189 LME patients were identified as surgical candidates by angiographic criteria. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed in 119 patients; 70 patients were managed nonoperatively. Treatment assignment was nonrandom. During the same interval, 203 patients with significant left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis and 742 patients with three-vessel disease without LMCA or LME stenosis underwent CABG. Follow-up is 99.2% complete at an average of 48 months (range 24--73 months). Operative mortality was significantly higher among LMCA patients (4.0%) than among LME surgical patients (0.8%) (p less than 0.05). Cumulative 5-year survival was better among LME surgical patients (98.2 +/- 1.3%) than among LME medical patients (75.9 +/- 5.7%) (p less than 0.0001) or LMCA surgical patients (92.8 +/- 2.1%) (p less than 0.03). All operative patient groups had a significantly lower incidence of myocardial infarction (10.3--13.4%) than the LME medical patients (25.7%) (p less than 0.05). Relief of angina was also significantly better in the operative groups (61--67.6%) than in LME medical patients (36%) (p less than 0.005). Major differences exist between LME and LMCA patients; LME is more properly considered a variant of multivessel coronary artery disease. Results of medical and surgical therapy suggest that patients with LME disease should be strongly considered for early operative therapy. PMID- 7249333 TI - In vitro comparison of oxygen availability from asanguinous and sanguinous cardioplegic media. AB - Repayment of oxygen debt by periodic reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium is determined in part by the oxygen deliverability of the infusate. Total oxygen content of the infusate may not reflect what is available to the tissue. Available oxygen was measured at 10 degrees C and 20 degrees C by equilibrating 0.05 ml of infusate with 2.85 ml of deoxygenated normal saline; an oxygen electrode quantitated its release into the saline. Sanguinous cardioplegic media at 10 degrees C released 2.41 +/- 0.15 ml O2/100 ml, representing only 37--38% of their total oxygen content, and 3.12 +/- 0.17 ml O2/100 ml at 20 degrees C, representing 50% of their total content. Oxygenated asanguinous media released 4.06 +/- 0.10 ml O2/100 ml at 10 degrees C and 4.00 +/- 0.09 at 20 degrees C, representing their total oxygen content. Thus, oxygenated crystalloid media can deliver as much oxygen as sanguinous media at these low temperatures. PMID- 7249332 TI - Superiority of perfluorocarbon cardioplegia over blood or crystalloid cardioplegia. AB - Oxygenated Fluosol-43 cardioplegia (CP), a perfluorocarbon with high oxygen solubility, was compared with crystalloid and oxygenated blood cardioplegia. Potassium in each CP was 25 mEq/l. Thirty perfused rabbit hearts in three groups of 10 hearts each underwent 100 minutes of global ischemia at 20 degrees C, followed by 45 minutes of reperfusion at 37 degrees C. During ischemia, CP was given every 20 minutes. With each CP injection, increases in myocardial oxygen tension were recorded using mass spectrometry and oxygen consumption (MVO2) was calculated. Left ventricular function was assessed before and after ischemia by measuring isovolumic developed pressure and dP/dt with an intraventricular balloon. Intramyocardial PO2 increased by 19.6 +/- 1.8 mm Hg in the Fluosol CP group, 0.4 +/- 0.1 mm Hg in the crystalloid CP group and 1.5 +/- 0.3 mm Hg in the blood CP group (p less than 0.001, Fluosol CP vs crystalloid CP and blood CP). MVO2 with each CP injection, expressed as ml O2/100 g dry weight, was 203.8 +/- 7.0 for Fluosol CP, 20.4 +/- 1.2 for crystalloid CP and 39.2 +/- 4.3 for blood CP (p less than 0.001 Fluosol CP vs crystalloid CP and blood CP). Recovery of maximal dP/dt after 45 minutes of reperfusion, expressed as a percentage of preischemic control, was 75.6 +/- 4.0% for Fluosol CP, 60.9 +/- 5.5% for crystalloid CP and 53.4 +/- 3.7% for blood CP (p less than 0.02 Fluosol CP vs blood CP and crystalloid CP). These data clearly show that the use of Fluosol cardioplegic solution enhanced oxygen delivery and use compared with blood and crystalloid cardioplegic solutions. The marked increase in intramyocardial oxygen and MVO2 with each injection of Fluosol CP shows that there is effective aerobic metabolic activity during ischemia, which may explain the improved functional recovery. The failure of blood CP to afford similar protection can be explained by a decreased oxygen release from hemoglobin due to the leftward shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve with hypothermia. PMID- 7249334 TI - Beneficial effects of adding propranolol to multidose potassium cardioplegia. AB - The use of propranolol with multidose potassium cardioplegia was studied in 32 in situ canine hearts subjected to 90 minutes of global ischemia at 15 degrees C and 60 minutes of reperfusion at 37 degrees C. All hearts received potassium (37 mEq/l) every 30 minutes during ischemia. There were four groups of equal size: group 1 received no propranolol, group 2 received low-dose propranolol and group 3 received high-dose propranolol. Group 4 received high-dose propranolol only with the initial potassium infusion. Myocardial CO2 (PmCO2) was monitored by mass spectrometry as an indicator of metabolic activity. An intraventricular balloon was used to measure isovolumic developed pressure, maximal dP/dt and end diastolic pressure (EDP) before and after ischemia. During ischemia, peak PmCO2 was significantly higher in group 1 (45.6 +/- 2.8 mm Hg) than in groups 2, 3 and 4 (35.2 +/- 2.8 mm Hg, 33.4 +/- 2.8 mm Hg and 30.4 +/0 2.8 mm Hg, respectively) (p less than 0.05). There were no differences between the four groups in systolic ventricular function assessed by developed pressure and dP/dt. Hearts that received high-dose propranolol had significantly lower EDP after 60 minutes of reperfusion (group 3 13.3 +/- 1.5 mm Hg, group 4 10.4 +/0 1.5 mm Hg) compared with group 1 hearts (25.3 +/- 3.8 mm Hg, p less than 0.05). Hearts in groups 3 and 4 exhibited less ischemic injury as assessed by electron microscopy than hearts in groups 1 and 2. These data show that propranolol added to multidose potassium cardioplegia reduced metabolic activity during ischemia and improved ventricular compliance during reperfusion without depressing systolic function. Because left ventricular compliance and morphologic preservation were similar in groups 3 and 4, it appears that a single high dose of propranolol is sufficient and that subsequent doses do not further enhance the beneficial effects. PMID- 7249335 TI - Cytotoxicity of cardioplegic solutions: evaluation by tissue culture. AB - Numerous cardioplegic solutions have been proposed for myocardial protection during open heart surgery. Their effectiveness has been evaluated by hemodynamic, enzymatic and histologic studies, but the cytotoxicity of these solutions has never been assessed. Human fibroblasts and endothelial cells in tissue culture were incubated for 3 hours at 19 degrees C in 12 of the most commonly used cardioplegic solutions. The solutions were then removed and replaced by tissue culture medium at 37 degrees C. The cytotoxicity of the solution was evaluated by staining the cells with trypan blue after 3 hours and 24 hours. The percentage of dead cells varied from 2--21%. Temperature and addition of blood to the various solutions significantly influenced cytotoxicity. Cardioplegic solutions appear to have different toxicity levels when tested in tissue culture. PMID- 7249336 TI - A study of immunoglobulin G subclasses in patients with farmer's lung. AB - A quantitative estimate of the IgG subclasses in patients with farmer's lung has revealed significantly higher IgG3 levels in patients with this condition compared to an age-matched group of control farmers similarly exposed to Micropolyspora faeni (P less than 0.01) and a group of normal blood bank donors (P less than 0.001). The IgG1 and total IgG levels were significantly higher in both groups of farmers compared to blood bank controls (P less than 0.001). The possible significance of these observations is discussed in relation to susceptibility to the disease and its pathogenesis. PMID- 7249337 TI - The incidence and causative factors of atopic asthma and rhinitis in an Orkney farming community. AB - Fifty farming families on the mainland (the largest island) or Orkney were surveyed to assess the amount of allergic respiratory disease and the principal causative factor. This account deals with only type I allergy and demonstrates a prevalence of asthma and rhinitis of 17.3% and of extrinsic asthma and rhinitis, in which definite allergic causes can be identified, of 12.7%. In addition it is shown that over one-fifth of the farming community are 'atopic' in that they demonstrate positive prick tests to one or more allergens. Less than 50% of those with allergic respiratory disease have attended the doctor with their complaint, a fact which calls in question the validity of epidemiological studies of allergic disease based on hospital and clinic attendances. Sex distribution confirms the finding that males suffer from asthma more frequently than females, however more females than males give positive skin tests without exhibiting symptoms of allergy. Pollens, animal danders and fungi all have a part to play in the aetiology of asthma and rhinitis among Orkney farmers, although the incidence of grass pollenosis is well below average. The two commonest allergens are hay dust and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus which are found frequently to affect the same subject. PMID- 7249338 TI - Inhalation challenge in humidifier fever. AB - When exposed to an amount of contaminated humidifier water roughly equivalent to that inhaled over an 8-hour period at their work place, four out of six subjects developed symptoms of humidifier fever. Two non-exposed subjects failed to react to the same challenge. Characteristic lung function, temperature and leucocyte changes were recorded; however, a fall in gas transfer previously reported was not seen. That the reaction was immunologically mediated and not due to endotoxin activity was shown by a negative pyrogen response in rabbits inoculated intravenously with concentrated humidifier water. The nature of the immune response has not as yet been evaluated but it does not reside with the ability of humidifier fever antigens to activate complement. Skin testing produced an immediate weal and flare in the four subjects with precipitins and may reflect the presence of short-term anaphylactic IgG antibody. PMID- 7249339 TI - Lung function changes by ethanol inhalation. AB - The acute effect of ethanol inhalation on ventilatory capacity was studied in a group of six healthy volunteers and the results were compared to those obtained after the inhalation of a saline solution. There was a significant decrease in flow rates on partial expiratory flow-volume (PEFV) curves up to 90 min after ethanol inhalation. FEV1 values did not change significantly, either after ethanol or saline aerosol. Pretreatment with atropine did not prevent the acute reductions in flow rates in comparison with the reductions without atropine. Pretreatment with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) considerably diminished the acute reductions of flow rates caused by ethanol inhalation. These results suggest that ethanol in some persons may act, at least partly, through releasing mediators with bronchoconstrictive action. PMID- 7249340 TI - Correlation of the specific IgE in serum and nasal secretions with clinical symptoms in atopics. AB - In a unselected population of 133 young adults studied by prick testing to common allergens three groups were identified: eleven subjects with positive skin test responses and clinical symptoms of allergy; ten subjects only with psitive skin tests and the remainder with negative skin tests. All subjects with positive skin tests (with an without symptoms) were studied by RAST on the serum and nasal secretions. Specific and non-specific bronchial provocation tests (BPT) were also carried out. The serum RAST was positive in all subjects with positive skin tests, and there was good correlation between high levels of circulating specific IgE and the presence of clinical symptoms. The RAST of nasal secretions was negative in most symptom-free subjects and as a diagnostic test it was slightly better than the serum RAST. BPTs with extracts of the relevant allergens caused bronchospasm in every subject with a positive nasal secretion RAST. Only two subjects out of fifteen with a positive response were clinical asthmatics. Our results cast doubt on the clinical relevance of the BPT as it is usually conducted. PMID- 7249341 TI - The prevalence of immediate positive skin tests in Nepalese children. AB - Two hundred and ninety-three normal schoolchildren between 5 and 15 years old living in the hills of Eastern Nepal were tested by the skin prick method for sensitivity to six allergens: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Aspergillus fumigatus. Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium notatum, mixed pollens and mixed threshings. These children were also questioned and examined for symptoms and signs relating to allergic disease. Of the children, 20% were skin-prick positive to at least one of the allergens, and 20% had symptoms of allergic disease, but there was no relationship between the symptoms and the prick test results. No relationship was found between the prick test results and any of the following: the length of time a child was breast-fed; the age of the child and his month of birth. Of the boys, 19% admitted to smoking cigarettes, as did 11% of the girls. PMID- 7249342 TI - Exercise-induced asthma in Nepalese children. AB - Three hundred and one children between 5 and 15 years old in the hills of east Nepal were studied to determine the prevalence and the main causes of asthma and atopy. Asthma was diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical examination and the results of a 6-min exercise test (step test). Asthma was diagnosed in six children, none of whom was skin prick test positive. We present here normal values of baseline peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and the exercise-induced changes in PEFR in normals, asthmatics, other wheezy children and others with atopic histories. The results of the skin prick tests are presented with the atopic histories in another paper. PMID- 7249343 TI - Allergenic activity of fractions of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) pollen. Definition of active components by skin testing, and inhibition RAST. AB - With the combined use of skin tests, RAST and isoelectric focusing, a potency profile of a cocksfoot ((Dactylis glomerata) pollen extract was prepared. It was found that two fractions with pI 4.5 and 6.0 were the most allergenic, had the highest protein concentration and were also the most easily extracted. The importance of converting mean weal sizes into potency units when comparing the allergenicity of pollen fractions is emphasized. PMID- 7249345 TI - An open comparison of dosage frequencies of beclomethasone dipropionate in seasonal allergic rhinitis. AB - In an open group-comparative study, 123 adult patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were allocated at random to one of three treatment groups; each of which received a daily dose of 400 micrograms beclomethasone dipropionate as (1) one puff in each nostril four times daily, (2) two puffs in each nostril twice daily and (3) four puffs in each nostril once per day. The result of treatment was assessed on daily symptom scores and the use of antihistamine tablets. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups. The results indicate that it is unnecessary to give beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray four times daily, and treatment in the morning and in the evening is recommended. PMID- 7249344 TI - Nasal provocation and passive anterior rhinomanometry (PAR). AB - A rapid and convenient method of nasal provocation (aerosol provocation combined with passive anterior rhinomanometry) is described. A comparative study between skin tests, bronchial provocations and nasal provocations highlights the usefulness of this method. PMID- 7249346 TI - Accelerations in "intra-partum" cardiotocographic recording II. Present contemporaneously to prognostically unfavourable cardiotocographic aspects. AB - The Authors examine 1994 cardiotocographic recordings during labour, equivalent to 89% of all deliveries of the same period. They evaluate the acceleratory activity in the tract of recording presenting alterations considered expression of foetal distress (bradycardia, severe tachycardia, loss of cyclic variations, variable and late decelerations), and compare both parameters with the perinatal outcome. The presence of accelerations seems to allow a more oculate evaluation of the cardiotocogram and, in particular, a decreased incidence of hurried instrumental foetal extractions. PMID- 7249348 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of intrauterine foetal growth retardation. AB - The intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a very frequent pathological entity. After a brief review of the literature of this problem, the AA. expose the ultrasonic techniques that put in evidence the IUGR, and the results obtained. In relation to this diagnosis, the AA. underline the importance of the abdominal diameter (AD) measurement. It is also very important to begin this control from the 28th week on. PMID- 7249347 TI - Modifications of the coagulation factors during normal and pathological pregnancies. AB - Levels of fibrinogen and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (F.D.P.) have been mesurated respectively by thrombin time and by staphylococcus clumping test in 33 pregnant patients, recovered in the Obstetric and Gynaecological Clinic - University of Padua, during the ninth month of pregnancy. A control group of 16 normal pregnancies, a second group of 12 hypertensive patients, and a third group of 15 pregnancies who had given birth to rather small babies for date, were considered. A significative increase (p less than 0,001) of the F.D.P. values was found both in the pregnant women with hypertension and in those with foetal insufficiency respect to the control group. The fibrinogen levels did not vary in any of the three groups. PMID- 7249349 TI - Estrogen therapy in menopause and endometrial cancer. AB - The hormone dependency of endometrial cancer and the increase of its incidence seem to be generally accepted. The Authors expose the results of a four year retrospective epidemiological research aiming at verifying the possible role of menopausal estrogen assumption in the etiopathogenesis of the above mentioned disease. Two groups of post-menopausal patients were examined, who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy: 168 were endometrial cancer free, 50 were affected. The percentages of estrogen users, the exposition time and type of therapy were carefully analyzed in them. No correlation could be found between estrogen consumption, which resulted much lower than in the U.S.A., and endometrial cancer incidence. The relatively short assumption times, the different drug associations, and the hypoestrogenic origin of the most disturbing menopausal symptoms can help to explain this finding which is however, in agreement with what emerges from studies carried out in different countries by several Authors. PMID- 7249350 TI - Serum prolactin levels during inhibition of lactation by cyclofenil. AB - Inhibition of lactation is now usually achieved by the use of dopaminergic or antiserotoninergic drugs. An interesting, alternative approach, however, is represented by the use of antiestrogenic agents, though their mechanism of action is still uncertain. We have given cyclofenil at daily doses of 1200, 800 and 600 mg to a total of 100 post-partum women who required not to lactate. The clinical results were excellent or good in 83 women, fair in 9 and poor in 8. After 3, 5, and 7 days of treatment serum prolactin levels of treated women, if compared with those of control group, showed a decrease ranging from 25 to 27%, from 42 to 44%, and from 60 to 64% respectively. Blood coagulation, as judged by several laboratory parameters, did not show abnormal changes in any subject treated with cyclofenil. PMID- 7249352 TI - Congenital malformations observed at the obstetric department of Ferrara from 1973 to 1978. AB - The Authors illustrate the results of a clinicostatistical research conducted on 139 cases of malformations corresponding to 13.07% of 10.633 births of the Obstetric Clinic of Ferrara during the period 1973-1978. The following variables were examined: type of malformation, sex, wight, duration of pregnancy, type of delivery, mother's age and order of birth. PMID- 7249351 TI - An unusual case of intermittent atrial parasystole in the fetus during labor. AB - An unusual fetal arrhythmia, detected during labor by continuous monitoring of fetal heart rate, is here described. This event was characterized by a double rhythm, one at high rate (137 bpm) and the other at low rate (127 bpm). An ECG simultaneously recorded, allowed the measurement of the P-P intervals, which were 438 and 424 msec, alternatively. Meanwhile, the P-Q intervals were of 84 and 75 msec, respectively. On the basis of the ECG waves morphology as well as of the different P-Q intervals, the diagnosis of intermittent atrial parasystole was posed. While the high rate rhythm seems to originate from the sinus node, the low rate rhythm seems to be parasystolic and to arise from an ectopic pace-maker, situated in the atrium in an intermediate location between sinus node and the A-V node. PMID- 7249353 TI - The role of echography in the evaluation of gynecological neoplasia. AB - Physiological and pathological echograms of the female genital tract are examined. Following a rapid review of the literature, the role of echography in gynecology is evaluated on their decennial experience. PMID- 7249357 TI - Neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis, using immunoreactive trypsin assay in dried blood spots. AB - Our previous studies suggested that assay of immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) in dried blood spots might be a valuable neonatal screening test for cystic fibrosis (CF). We have developed a convenient, sensitive, human trypsin radioimmunoassay, which uses a 3-mm diameter disc of dried blood. The molecular species assayed in blood is trypsinogen. A retrospective study of 24 known cases of CF and appropriate controls confirmed that an elevated blood level of IRT is characteristic of all newborn CF infants, whether or not they have residual exocrine pancreatic function. IRT levels did, however, decline with time of sample storage. Guthrie cards from 5040 newborns were prospectively assayed: 2% of tests were reassayed because of elevated IRT. Thirty-three second samples (0.67% of the total) were requested, 32 were received, and 31 had normal IRT values. The baby with an elevated result had no clinical symptoms of CF at one month of age, normal stool trypsin activity, but 2 sweat tests gave grossly abnormal results. In contrast, a second infant in whom CF was diagnosed around the same time, had a similar 5-day blood spot IRT value, but severe clinical symptoms of CF and no stool trypsin activity. No false negatives are yet known. We conclude that blood spot IRT assay is a reliable and convenient neonatal screening test for CF. PMID- 7249356 TI - Accelerations in greater than intra-partum greater than cardiotocographic recording I. Correlation with perinatal outcome. AB - The authors examine 1994 cardiotocographic recordings during labour, equivalent to 89% of all deliveries of the same period. They evaluate the tendency of the acceleratory activity in the single recordings during their whole lenght, comparing it with the perinatal outcome, evaluated by the perinatal mortality and the Apgar score at 1' and 5'. They conclude that the presence of accelerations could be considered, when present in a certain degree, a sure index of foetal well-being or of good possibility of foetal reactions to hypoxic stimuli, allowing a more cautious evaluation of the cardiotocogram. PMID- 7249355 TI - Serial plasma levels of oestriol and HPL in high risk pregnancies. AB - Authors have studied plasma human placental lactogen (HPL) an oestriol levels in 37 pregnant women affected by severe hypertensive disorders, diabetes mellitus, bad obstetric history, intrauterine growth retardation. They point out validity of associated and seriated dosages of these hormones because they are expression of foetus wellbeing and of placental function to survey high risk pregnancies. PMID- 7249358 TI - Determination of N tau-methylhistamine in plasma and urine by isotope dilution mass fragmentography. AB - The determination in N tau-methylhistamine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is described using bis-heptafluorobutyryl derivatives and deuterium labelled N tau-methylhistamine as internal standard. A description of the synthesis of the internal standard, N tau-trideuteromethylhistamine, is given. Normal concentrations for plasma were 1.4 +/- 0.4 microgram/l (mean +/- 1 S.D., n = 10). The normal values for urine ranged from 60 to 280 microgram/24 h (n = 20). Five asthmatic patients showed above-normal plasma concentrations. PMID- 7249359 TI - Use of solid phase biochemistry for potentiometric enzyme immunoassay of oestradiol-17 beta - preliminary report. AB - The present report gives preliminary results of a new sensitive method for potentiometric determination of oestradiol-17 beta in solution, as an application of the competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay technique. Anti-oestradiol-17 beta antibodies are immobilized on a pig skin gelatin membrane, which is incubated with peroxidase-labelled steroid and oestradiol. After fixation of the membrane onto the sensor of an iodide sensitive electrode, the enzymatic activity was evaluated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and iodides, the electrode potential being a function of hapten concentration in the solution. The purpose of this preliminary work was to determine the optimized conditions for specificity and sensitivity of the antibody-coated membrane in the presence of peroxidase-labelled oestradiol and oestradiol, and to eliminate possible interferences due to adsorption or ionic fixation of enzyme-labelled steroid. The first tests carried out with oestradiol standard solutions gave satisfactory results at levels ranging from 57 pmol/l to 9.2 nmol/l, suggesting that this new procedure should find application in the determination of oestradiol-17 beta in biological fluids. PMID- 7249360 TI - Effects of delipidated serum and lipoprotein-deficient serum on sterol biosynthesis and efflux in cultured skin fibroblasts - a comparison of the behaviour of cells from a control with those from a heterozygote and homozygote for familial hypercholesterolaemia. AB - The biosynthesis and efflux of sterols from cells into the medium were investigated in skin fibroblasts from a control, a patient with obligate heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and a patient with the homozygous condition. The behaviour of the cells was studied in two lipid free media (lipoprotein deficient and delipidated serum), with and without the addition of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in order to find experimental conditions which showed maximum differences between the three cell lines. Incorporation of [14C]acetate into sterols in the presence (repression) and absence (induction) of LDL was similar in the normal and heterozygous cells, whereas the homozygous cells showed reduced repression and increased induction. In all three cell lines induction of sterol synthesis was greater with delipidated than lipoprotein deficient serum. The efflux of sterols in both the presence and absence of LDL did not differ between the three cell lines, but it was greater when LDL was added to the medium and when delipidated serum was used. Sterol biosynthesis and efflux from the cells of the heterozygote did not differ significantly from those of the control. PMID- 7249354 TI - Serum levels of benzydamine following the topical use of this drug in gynecology. AB - The serum levels of benzydamine were studied after administration by vaginal douching (at a concentration of 0.0%) to patients with and without vaginal inflammation. In both experimental groups benzydamine produced similar serum concentrations which were lower than those obtained by other administration routes, excluding the possibillity of eventual systemic effects. These data are a further confirmation that, whenever possible, topical use is preferable to systemic use in order to reduce the incidence of systemic side effects to a minimum and to obtain a more selective therapy. PMID- 7249361 TI - Plasma lysozyme level and reticuloendothelial system function in human liver disease. AB - Plasma lysozyme levels have been reported to reflect the functional status of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). We measured plasma lysozyme levels in 22 patients with acute hepatitis and 21 patients with cirrhosis and a mesocaval shunt. In 17 of these patients RES function was assessed by measuring the disappearance rate (t/2) of radio-labelled sulphur colloid. In acute hepatitis plasma lysozyme levels and colloid t/2 were significantly lower than in health controls and cirrhotics. In the acute hepatitis patients, the plasma lysozyme levels rose significantly two weeks after admission as the hepatitis improved. The colloid t/2 of the 17 patients with liver disease was significantly correlated with the plasma lysozyme level (r = +0.66, p = 0.005). These results suggest that in human liver disease, in comparison with animal experiments, plasma lysozyme is dependent on RES functional status in the sense that a more active RES will result in a lower lysozyme level. PMID- 7249363 TI - Laser nephelometric quantitation of fibronectin (cold-insoluble globulin) in human cerebrospinal fluid and seminal plasma. PMID- 7249364 TI - L-Ornithine ketoacid-transaminase assay in hair roots of homozygotes and heterozygotes for gyrate atrophy. PMID- 7249365 TI - Determination of urate concentration by ultraviolet light absorbance change produced on oxidation with alkaline ferricyanide. PMID- 7249362 TI - An enzymatic assay for available zinc in plasma and serum. AB - A convenient enzymatic assay for available zinc in plasma and serum was developed. The assay is based upon the reactivation of the zinc metalloenzyme alkaline phosphatase which had been previously inactivated by nitrilotriacetic acid. The enzymatic assay was applied to serum samples from human subjects in a study of zinc utilization in pregnancy and to plasma samples from rats in a zinc deficiency study. Most plasma samples with low zinc levels (less than 70 microgram/dl) reactivated the enzyme to less than 30% of control activity. Most samples with normal zinc levels (70-120 microgram/dl) reactivated the enzyme 30 65%. Samples with elevated zinc levels (greater than 120 microgram/dl) reactivated the enzyme over 70%. The assay is quick, convenient, and in principle measures functionally available zinc. PMID- 7249366 TI - Trypsin plasma-urine transfer--a preliminary study. PMID- 7249367 TI - A new method for the determination of 6-beta-OH-cortisol in human urine. PMID- 7249369 TI - The effect of storage on the fatty acid composition of human serum. PMID- 7249370 TI - Serum and plasma zinc concentrations with special reference to standardized sampling procedure and protein status. PMID- 7249371 TI - Determination of copper in urine by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. AB - Two methods are described for the determination of copper in urine by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The first, suitable for spectrometers capable of making good background correction at 325 nm, involves a direct determination against simple aqueous standards after 2 X dilution of the sample. The second requires no background correction and can be used when background correction is not available or is inadequate. The copper is extracted from the urine with ammonium tetramethylenedithiocarbamate into methylisobutylketone and the extract is analysed for copper. No significant matrix effect was observed for either method. Analysis of random urine samples from 16 normal subjects gave a mean concentration of 0.42 mumol/l with a range of 0.06--1.04 mumol/l. PMID- 7249372 TI - Problems associated with the radioimmunoassay of serum trypsin. AB - A commercial trypsin radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit was used for its ability to measure trypsin bound to the serum protease inhibitors, alpha 2 macroglobulin (alpha 2 M) and alpha 1 anti-trypsin (alpha 1 AT). Only 20% of trypsin bound to alpha 2 M and 70% bound to alpha 1 AT was detected by the assay system. Recovery of trypsin added to human serum varied from 0 to 20%. Standard curves prepared from purified human cationic trypsin did not exhibit parallelism with the kit standard curves. Inclusion of horse serum in the standard solutions improved the parallelism observed. Immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) levels obtained for serum samples were found to vary considerably depending on the standard curve used to calculate the assay results. Lower IRT levels were observed when trypsin standards prepared in the absence of horse serum were used as reference. PMID- 7249368 TI - Urinary levels of blood group A trisaccharide: observations in two siblings with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. AB - A readily detectable carbohydrate in the urine of two siblings with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis was found to be the blood group A trisaccharide. One child expired before blood typing was done while the other sibling was AB. This latter child excreted greater amounts of the trisaccharide than a group of blood type A subjects with different diagnoses when all the subjects were receiving whole or skim milk by nasogastric feedings. While the relevance of this observation to neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is unknown, it has been shown that the trisaccharide may be a major urinary carbohydrate depending on diet and blood type. PMID- 7249374 TI - Familial hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia. AB - A familial syndrome with hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia is described. The affected propositus and his relatives have low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A, without any other lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities. Lipase activity and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity are also normal. A high prevalence of premature cardiac events was observed in this kindred, without any other established coronary risk factors present. The longevity analyses showed a shortening of life expectancy. The biochemical data and the pedigree are compatible with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. PMID- 7249373 TI - Deficiency of fumarylacetoacetase in a patient with hereditary tyrosinemia. AB - A patient is described with type I tyrosinemia characterized by urinary excretion of succinylacetone together with increased excretion of tyrosine, p hydroxyphenyllactic, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acids. Fumarylacetoacetase was measured in a liver biopsy and found to be very low compared to control liver. Furthermore the mass spectra of succinylacetone and fumarylacetoacetate (methoxime-TMS derivatives) are reported. Control jejunal mucosa, leucocytes and fibroblasts showed no enzyme activity; hence the prenatal diagnosis of this disease by measuring the fumarylacetoacetase activity in cultured amniotic fluid cells is not possible at present. PMID- 7249375 TI - The aluminium content of human serum determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy with a graphite furnace. AB - A method is described for the determination of aluminium in serum by atomic absorption spectroscopy with a graphite furnace. The serum sample is diluted with a diluent of Triton X-100 and HNO3. The dilution enables shorter drying and charring times and a lower charring temperature. The detection limit of the method is 2.5 microgram Al/l serum. Precautions for sample handling are discussed and instrument settings are defined. The direct determination of aluminium in serum is compared with the standard addition method. A good correlation between the two methods was found. Serum from 37 healthy persons was investigated. The serum contained less than 4 microgram Al/l with a range of less than 2.5 microgram to 7 microgram Al/l. The aluminium content of 50 serum samples from hemodialysis patients was determined. The aluminium content of the serum of the hemodialysis patients was in the range of 8 to 713 microgram Al/l. A mean value of 87.7 microgram Al/l (S.D. 122.8) was found. PMID- 7249376 TI - Serum "prealbumin" as an index of liver function in human hepatobiliary disease. AB - Serum prealbumin concentrations have been studied, by a quantitative immunological procedure, in patients with secondary carcinoma of the liver, chronic active hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, cryptogenic cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice, inflammatory bowel disease, and myocardial infarction. The results showed that prealbumin concentration is significantly decreased when liver function is impaired. In diseases not associated with liver damage the concentrations of prealbumin were within the normal range. The advantage of this biochemical procedure is that serum prealbumin concentration is a true index of liver function, whereas serum enzyme activities signify only the degree of hepatocellular damage, which may not always quantitatively reflect liver function. Determination of serum prealbumin is therefore valuable in the diagnosis of liver disease and in the monitoring of treatment. PMID- 7249378 TI - Gastrointestinal emergencies. PMID- 7249377 TI - Specific interaction between placental protein 5 and thrombin. AB - The affinity of placental protein 5 (PP5) for thrombin was examined by the application of placental homogenate, late pregnancy serum, plasma and amniotic fluid to thrombin-Sepharose column chromatography. A specific interaction between PP5 in these fluids and thrombin was seen, revealing heterogeneity of PP5 with respect to thrombin affinity. Placental homogenate contained non-binding (species I), interacting (species II) and strongly binding (species III) subpopulations of PP5. By contrast, serum contained predominantly the strongly binding form (species III) and a minor proportion of the non-binding form (species I). The interacting form (species II) was the major form in plasma and amniotic fluid. These observations imply that the interacting form (species II) is the dominant form produced by the placenta and secreted into the circulation, but is converted to species III, i.e. high affinity for thrombin during coagulation. These results suggest that PP5 may be involved locally in the regulation of the coagulation system during pregnancy. PMID- 7249379 TI - Toxic megacolon. Part II: Prevention. PMID- 7249380 TI - The acute abdomen. Part I: Differential diagnosis. PMID- 7249382 TI - Recurrent or chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. AB - Recurrent or chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction is not a rare problem. More cases will be recognized and diagnosed when clinicians are more aware of this problem. Medical treatment is unsatisfactory in most cases unless the patients have such treatable associated systemic diseases as myxoedema, hypoparathyroidism or phaeochromocytoma. Intermittent antibiotic therapy may be needed to alleviate diarrhoea or steatorrhoea due to bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine. Surgery may help to relieve the symptoms in those cases with short segmental dilatation of the bowel. Most patients will have an exploratory laparotomy to rule out an organic obstructing lesion. Either a drainage procedure or resection of a short dilated segment should be carried out. Once the diagnosis of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction is made, repeated exploratory operations must be avoided. Preoperative antibiotic therapy to treat bacterial overgrowth in the small bowel will reduce postoperative peritonitis from peritoneal soiling by septic small bowel contents. PMID- 7249383 TI - Fulminant hepatic failure. PMID- 7249381 TI - The acute abdomen. Part II: Acute abdomen arising from vascular disorders in the elderly. AB - The frequency of the "acute abdomen" has increased with the ageing of the population. In this chapter, we have examined syndromes of primary vascular origin, caused by vascular dysfunction, such as alterations in the vascular walls or haemodynamic disorders. We have left aside secondary vascular problems such as strangulation, obstruction or compression of vessels by tumours, which are easier to treat and diagnose and have a better prognosis. The symptoms of acute ischaemia caused by intrinsic vascular deficiency are not specific and clinical tests are untrustworthy. Despite progress in our knowledge of splanchnic haemodynamics, in radiology, vascular surgery and endoscopy, the prognosis remains poor. In view of the cataclysmic nature of the haemorrhage or the damage to the intestinal walls which evolves swiftly towards gangrenous necrosis, very rapid diagnosis of any of these various syndromes is essential if the patient is to be saved. PMID- 7249385 TI - Acute septic complications in gastrointestinal emergencies. AB - Gastrointestinal emergencies associated with sepsis require early decisions concerning antimicrobial drugs. Empirical selection should not be random, but rather based on a reasonable assessment of the pathogenesis and microbiology. Most bacterial pathogens have predictable antimicrobial susceptibilities. Such knowledge can guide the initial therapy, to be modified by laboratory results in the form of culture reports and antibiotic testing. PMID- 7249384 TI - Body fluids: physiology and its alterations. PMID- 7249387 TI - Ethanol, immune reactions and the digestive system. PMID- 7249386 TI - Alcohol and the GI tract. PMID- 7249389 TI - Alcoholic gastritis. PMID- 7249388 TI - Ethanol and cell replication in the digestive tract. AB - Ethanol-induced injury of the intestines, liver and pancreas evokes a regenerative response which is characterized by a series of morphological and biochemical adaptive responses in subcellular organelles, and an increase in chromosomal protein and DNA replication. Patterns of cell replication vary with the system involved, the amount of injury and the presence of essential precursors or catalysts needed for cell replication. Maintenance of normal cell replacement patterns in the digestive tract of the alcoholic requires correction of deficits and interruption of alcohol intake. An inadequate or excessive regenerative response is of key importance in perpetuating tissue injury in the alcoholic. Regenerative capacity has been evaluated in man by measurement of circulating levels of CEA and alpha-fetoprotein; unfortunately, there is often no correlation between cell replication and these parameters in the malnourished alcoholic. Studies of mitoses or organelle changes in biopsies of intestines and liver are valuable; however, accurate monitoring of regeneration is possible only by kinetic studies utilizing incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA. PMID- 7249390 TI - Antibodies selectively reactive to autologous and host-type platelets are obtained following interspecies immunizations in marmosets. AB - Interspecies immunization of marmosets with platelets leads to an acute thrombocytopenia which appears to be immunologically mediated. The thrombocytopenia is preceded by the formation of antibodies to the donor platelet antigen and deposition of IgG on the host's platelets. Examination of sera obtained from these animals during the course of the disease has revealed the presence of antibodies towards autologous and host-type platelets. Autologous antibody was found when thrombocytopenia was severe; upon platelet recovery, this antibody was absent or reduced in titre. This in vivo absorption of host-specific (autologous) antibody led to detection in the serum of antibodies reactive to other members of the host species. The presence of such host-type antibodies appeared to be related to the intensity of antigenic stimulation, the amount of antibody formed and the degree of thrombocytopenia. Deposition of IgG on the host's platelets coincided with the appearance of the anti-host antibodies; whether the IgG detected on the host's platelets is exclusively cross-reactive antibody or includes also an immune complex is not yet known. Finally, the data have identified potential immunogenetic differences among members of two marmoset species with respect to platelet antigens. PMID- 7249392 TI - Abrogation of the non-specific toxicity of abrin conjugated to anti-lymphocyte globulin. AB - A covalent conjugate of abrin and anti-human lymphocyte globulin (AHLG) was prepared in an endeavour to create a cytotoxic agent with specificity for human lymphoid cells. The AHLG--abrin conjugate was found to be around 10-fold better able to inhibit 3H-leucine uptake by the human lymphoblastoid cell line, Daudi, in tissue culture than was the control conjugate comprising abrin and normal IgG (nIgG). Both materials were less potent than native abrin. Galactose, which is known competitively to antagonize the binding of abrin to cells, strongly inhibited the toxicities of abrin and the nIgG--abrin conjugate whereas that of ALG--abrin was unimpaired. Thus, at least for Daudi cells in tissue culture, abrin can be made selectively toxic, by linkage to AHLG, towards cells bearing antigens to which the antibody moiety of the conjugate can attach. PMID- 7249393 TI - Correlation if circulating immune complexes and disease status in patients with leukaemia. AB - The occurrence of soluble immune complexes (IC) was investigated in 177 serum samples from 92 patients with various leukaemias using the Raji cell immunoassay. In general, patients with myeloproliferative diseases had a higher incidence and higher quantities of IC than did patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Elevated levels of IC were found in the sera of patients as follows: 17% with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (mean value of 13.1 microgram/ml), 67% with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (54.1 microgram/ml), 65% with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (86.7 microgram/ml), 70% with acute myelocytic leukaemia (202.5 microgram/ml) and 56% with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia (41.9 microgram/ml). Patients in terminal blastic crisis of chronic myelocytic leukaemia had the highest levels, with a mean level of 1,364.1 microgram/ml. Serial samples were obtained, as available, from individual patients during the course of the disease in an attempt to relate severity with the incidence and quantity of IC. No significant correlation could be made between the occurrence or levels of IC and the presence of absence of systemic symptoms. Similarly, no correlations could be made between levels of IC and haematological parameters, infection, or therapy. However, the data does indicate a positive relationship between the levels of IC and the progressive state of the leukaemia, especially, the myelocytic leukaemias. PMID- 7249391 TI - Platelet activating factor: an inhibitor of neutrophil activation? AB - Preparations of platelet activating factor (PAF) derived by methanolic extraction of supernatants from antigen-challenged rabbit basophils proved capable of activating platelets while concurrently inhibiting neutrophil aggregation/secretion stimulated by biologically active F-Met peptides, ionophore A23187, or zymosan-treated serum. This inhibition was non-cytotoxic and species non-specific. When these PAF preparations were analysed using thin-layer chromatography, multiple lipids were detected. Both platelet-stimulating as well as neutrophil-inhibitory activity was present in a lipid component migrating at an RF consistent with native PAF; however, these biological activities were not limited only to PAF and, indeed, could also be detected in lipid with solubility characteristics more closely related to a lysophosphatide than to native PAF. These data are compatible with the belief that native PAF may belong to a family of biologically active lipids differing somewhat in physico-chemical properties. Moreover, these data illustrate that PAF and/or PAF-like molecules may also demonstrate a biological activity distinct from their effects upon the platelet. PMID- 7249394 TI - IgG rheumatoid factor, complement and immune complexes in rheumatoid synovitis and vasculitis: comparative and serial studies during cytotoxic therapy. AB - IgG and IgM rheumatoid factors (IgG-RF and IgM-RF), complement and three assays for immune complexes were measured in 22 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complicated by either chronic active synovitis or vasculitis. Patients with vasculitis had relatively inactive arthritis but had higher titres of rheumatoid factors, especially IgG-RF, anticomplementary activity (ACA) and lower levels of C4 than those with synovitis. Clq-binding and platelet aggregation (PA) levels were similar in both groups. Serial measurements during cytotoxic therapy showed a close temporal relationship between the clinical features of vasculitis and levels of IgG-RF, ACA and C4 both with remission and with relapse. We suggest that immune complexes containing IgG-RF which activate complement and are detected by ACA are useful markers of rheumatoid vasculitis and may be important in its pathogenesis. PMID- 7249395 TI - Platelet-aggregating immune complexes and intraplatelet serotonin in idiopathic glomerulonephritis and systemic lupus. AB - Immune complex-like material was studied using the platelet-aggregation test (PAT) in 114 patients with idiopathic glomerulonephritis and 55 patients with SLE nephritis, and the results obtained compared with Raji cell and Clq-binding assays. The platelet-aggregating material was not thrombin, and eluted from Sepharose CL/6B columns with a molecular weight of greater than 500,000 daltons. Sera from 17 of 55 patients with SLE nephritis were positive in all three assays, 50/55 in at least one assay. No circulating material was detected by the Raji cell assay in idiopathic glomerulonephritis patients, but both the Clq-binding and PAT assays detected material in patients with acute post-infectious nephritis and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis. Patients with membranous nephropathy and Henoch-Schonlein purpura were positive in the PAT, although generally negative in the other assays of immune complexes. The amount of platelet aggregating material (PAM) found in the sera of patients with both idiopathic glomerulonephritis and SLE nephritis correlated closely with the depletion of intraplatelet serotonin, suggesting that this material is a major mechanism of in vivo platelet activation in these patients. PMID- 7249396 TI - Antibodies to polyadenylic acid in patients with myasthenia gravis. AB - Sera from 100 patients with myasthenia gravis and 45 patients with non-myasthenia gravis neuromuscular diseases were studied for antibodies to poly rA, poly rA-rU, native and denatured DNA. All patients with myasthenia gravis had significant anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies with a mean titre of 1.2 X 10(-7)M. Forty eight per cent of the myasthenia gravis patients had anti-poly rA antibody levels which were greater than 3 standard deviations from the mean of 65 control patients by Millipore filter radioimmunoassay. The antibody was specific for poly rA and present in a much higher frequency than antibodies to the other nucleic acids tested. Sucrose-gradient ultracentrifugation demonstrated that the antibody was limited to the IgM class alone. Mechanisms relating these findings to a more generalized immunological dysfunction are discussed. PMID- 7249398 TI - Absence of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis. AB - It has been suggested in the past that Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis might be an animal model for human myasthenia gravis. This suggestion was based on the occurrence of thymomas and autoantibody to striated muscle in this animal species. Myasthenia gravis in man is associated with anti-striated muscle antibody and thymoma as well as antiacetylcholine receptor antibody. This prompted us to search for such autoantibodies in Mastomys. There was no evidence of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody in any of the serum samples tested. The titres found in Mastomys correspond to those observed in human control sera. No difference was found in the number of alpha-bungarotoxin-binding sites at the motor endplate and in muscle extracts between animals with and without thymoma and with and without anti-striated muscle antibody. These findings lead to the conclusion that it is very unlikely that myasthenia gravis occurs with any frequency in Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis. PMID- 7249399 TI - Effects of mexiletine on transmembrane action potentials as affected by external potassium concentration and by rate of stimulation in guinea-pig papillary muscles. AB - 1. The effects of mexiletine and quinidine were compared on transmembrane potentials in guinea-pig papillary muscles, using conventional microelectrode techniques. 2. Mexiletine (23.1 mumol/l) decreased the maximum rate of rise of the action potential (Vmax) and increased the ratio of the effective refractory period to the action potential duration at 90% repolarization level (ERP/APD90); these effects were prominent with elevation of the external potassium concentration ([K]o) from 2.7 to 5.4, 8.1 and 10.0 mmol/l. 3. The percentage decrease in Vmax induced by 5 and 10 mumol/l of quinidine was approximately constant in 2.7, 5.4 and 10.0 mmol/l [K]o solutions. 4. The decrease in Vmax produced by mexiletine was progressively increased as the driving rate was raised from 0.25 to 5Hz. This rate-dependent change was pronounced when the concentration was raised from 23.1 to 46.2 and 92.4 mumol/l. 5. Mexiletine in concentrations of 23.1 and 92.4 mumol/l delayed the recovery of Vmax in a premature action potential to the level of Vmax in the conditioning action potentials at the driving rate of 0.25 Hz. 6. It appears that mexiletine exerts its anti-arrhythmic action by a selective depressant effect on depolarized cells (high [K]0) and cells with high frequency discharges, as is the case with lignocaine. PMID- 7249397 TI - Interaction of HLA and Gm in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. AB - An immunogenetic study of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (CAH) showed the relative risk (RR) for this disease was 11.6 for patients who were HLA-B8, 11.7 for patients who were DR3 and 2.3 for patients who were Gma+x+. Moreover, the Gm haplotype Gma+x+ was present in 18 of 40 (45%) patients with HLA-B8, but in none of 10 patients negative for HLA-B8, whereas in 180 healthy controls Gma+x+ was evenly distributed among those positive (24%) and negative (18%) for HLA-B8. The RR was lowest in patients lacking HLA-B8 but positive for Gma+x+. Relative to this low-risk group, the risk was increased 39 times in subjects with both HLA-B8 and Gma+x+, 15 times in subjects with HLA-B8 who were not Gma+x+ and twice in subjects who were neither HLA-B8 nor Gma+x+. Statistical analysis indicated that the three-factor effect (disease risk affected by non-additive effects of HLA-B8 and Gma+x+) was significant (P less than 0.01), as were the main effects of HLA B8 (P less than 0.001) and Gma+x+ (P less than 0.02). Thus in the presence of HLA B8, genes linked to Gma+x+, an immunoglobulin CH allotype, may contribute to the development of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis; in the absence of HLA-B8 these same genes appear to be inactive. This may indicate interactions between MHC gene products and VH gene products in the presentation and recognition of autoantigen(s) in autoimmune hepatitis. PMID- 7249400 TI - The influence of diethylmaleate on the biliary excretion of infused sulphobromophthalein sodium and its glutathione conjugate in guinea-pigs. AB - 1. Hepatic sulphobromophthalein (BSP) transport was studied in guinea-pigs pretreated intraperitoneally with 0.7 ml of diethyl maleate to depress hepatic glutathione levels. 2. Diethyl maleate depressed the hepatic transport of infused conjugated BSP from hepatocytes into bile without influencing hepatic uptake. 3. Unconjugated BSP transport was also depressed markedly as a result of (a) a reduction in the intrahepatic conjugation of BSP with glutathione and (b) suppression of conjugated BSP excretion. PMID- 7249401 TI - Testosterone-antibiotic effectiveness on staphylococcus aureus infected rats. AB - (1) Male castrated rats (testosterone-free) inoculated intraperitoneally with Staph. aureus showed severe damage in their internal organs as determined by pathological examination of the killed animals. (2) Penicillin-G, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol treatment 24 h after injection markedly decreased the extent of damage. (3) Pretreatment of castrated rats with testosterone propionate for 3 successive days before infection had a protective influence on the internal organs. (4) Testosterone-injected rats when treated with different antibiotics, showed a clear synergistic action with penicillin-G and oxytetracycline but not chloramphenicol. PMID- 7249402 TI - Tobacco smoking and cortical evoked potentials: an opposite effect on auditory and visual systems. AB - 1. Auditory and visual evoked potentials produced by five intensities of tones and light flashes were recorded in twelve young men who were habitual smokers. 2. The subjects attended the laboratory on four occasions. Two recordings were made on each of the last three of these visits. They were made (i) before and after smoking, (ii) without smoking, (iii) before and after smoking after 12 h abstinence from smoking. 3. Smoking was associated with increases in the amplitudes of the components V-VI, VI-VII in the visual system and a decrease in the amplitude of N2P2 in the auditory system. Abstinence from smoking produced effects in the opposite direction. 4. These findings are consistent with the possibility that smoking has different and perhaps opposite effects on the visual and auditory system. 5. The findings may be helpful in re-evaluating some of the apparently conflicting reports on the effects of smoking on perceptual processes. PMID- 7249403 TI - The cardiac and vascular effects of sodium glutamate. AB - 1. The cardiovascular effects of sodium glutamate were investigated in anaesthetized dogs with bolus injections, intravenous infusions and rabbit isolated papillary muscles. 2. The intravenous bolus injections of sodium glutamate resulted in slight, transient decreases in contractile force at doses of 58 and 117 mg/kg, which were followed by brief increases in blood pressure. 3. Sodium glutamate had no effect on contractile responses of isolated papillary muscles at any of the concentrations used. 4. Infusions of glutamate produced no change in blood pressure, an increase in cardiac output, and a decrease in heart rate, total peripheral resistance and femoral vascular resistance. 5. The infusion of sodium glutamate into animals with no renal function resulted in an increased plasma osmolality and a decreased haematocrit. 6. The results from this study show that sodium glutamate had minimal cardiovascular effects. The results from the infusion data suggest that glutamate increases intravascular volume by an osmotic effect. PMID- 7249404 TI - Systemic and regional haemodynamics in experimental renal hypertension in conscious rabbits. AB - 1. The radioactive microsphere method was used to measure the distribution of cardiac output, regional flows and resistances in conscious normotensive and hypertensive rabbits implanted with an electromagnetic flow probe on the ascending aorta or pulmonary artery. Hypertension was induced by wrapping one kidney with cellophane and removing the other, and studies were performed about 5 weeks later. 2. Heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and total renal mass were reduced in the hypertensive animals, while the weight of, and the cardiac output distribution to left ventricle and the remaining kidney were increased. 3. In renal hypertensive rabbits, the weight normalized regional blood flow was diminished in a number of tissues, including the kidney, and, except for some organs in the splanchnic area (stomach, small intestine, mesentery and pancreas) and the fat, there was a rather uniform increase in tissue vascular resistance. PMID- 7249405 TI - A study of the thermogenic effect of ethanol in the hypothermic rat. AB - 1. The hypothesis that ethanol may exert a thermogenic effect in cold environments was studied by infusing ethanol, dextrose or saline into hypothermic rats and observing the rate of rewarming in each group. 2. No difference was found in the rate of heat gain in any of the three groups. PMID- 7249406 TI - Circulating hypotensive factor in pregnant spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 1. Blood pressure decreased significantly at a late stage of pregnancy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) but this reduction tended to disappear shortly after delivery. Since acute and chronic administration of progesterone, prolactin and estrone failed to reduce blood pressure, these hormones were not responsible for a fall of blood pressure at a late stage of pregnancy in SHRs. Exogenous administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) significantly reduced blood pressure, but endogenous prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), PGE2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in plasma did not increase at a late stage of pregnancy. 2. Plasma from pregnant SHRs produced a significant reduction of blood pressure in male and female SHRs, but the plasma from male and non-pregnant female SHRs failed to reduce blood pressure. Plasmas from pregnant SHRs were less effective in reducing blood pressure when tested in Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs). 3. It is concluded that a hypotensive factor is circulating at a late stage of pregnancy in SHRs. PMID- 7249407 TI - A study of the effects of hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil on adrenoceptors and noradrenaline levels in the vas deferens of the rat. PMID- 7249408 TI - Inotropic responses of isolated atrial and ventricular muscle from the dog heart to inosine, guanosine and adenosine. AB - 1. The inotropic effects of inosine, adenosine and guanosine were compared in isolated and blood-perfused canine atrial and ventricular muscle preparations paced at 1.5-2.5 Hz. 2. In isolated atria, guanosine and inosine usually had positive inotropic effects, but adenosine consistently had a marked negative inotropic effect. 3. In ventricular muscles, the three purine compounds examined produced dose-related positive inotropic responses, but adenosine also produced a slight negative inotropic response which preceded the positive inotropic response. PMID- 7249409 TI - Sodium-dependent relaxation in arterial smooth muscle. AB - 1. The effects of isosmotic substitution of choline for sodium on resting tension and on relaxation after noradrenaline-induced contraction was studied in rabbit isolated aortic strips immersed in Hepes-buffered physiologic salt solution (PSS) warmed to 37 degrees C and gassed with 100% O2. 2. Isosmotic substitution of choline for sodium produced a sustained increase in resting tension which effectively prevented any evaluation of the influence of sodium on relaxation. The increase in resting tension was insensitive to 10(-8) mol/l atropine but was abolished by 10 min exposure to calcium-free PSS prior to replacement of sodium. 3. Under sodium-calcium free conditions which eliminated the increase in resting tension observed in sodium-free PSS, stimulation with 10(-5) mol/l noradrenaline initiated contractions that were 55 +/- 7.5% of the control response in normal PSS. Washout of noradrenaline with sodium-calcium-free PSS failed to produce any decrement in tension. However, restoration of the normal sodium resulted in gradual relaxation. 4. These results suggest that sodium is required for relaxation after noradrenaline-induce contraction of arterial smooth muscle. PMID- 7249410 TI - Systemic and regional haemodynamic responses to isoprenaline in conscious renal hypertensive rabbits. AB - 1. Using the electromagnetic flow probe and the radioactive microsphere technique, systemic and regional haemodynamic variables were measured in conscious normotensive and hypertensive rabbits. The rabbits were made hypertensive by unilateral nephrectomy combined with cellophane-wrapping of the remaining kidney and systemic and regional haemodynamic effects of isoprenaline infusions (0.5 micrograms.kg-1 .min-1) were compared in the two groups of animals. 2. Isoprenaline evoked increases in heart rate and cardiac index while the total peripheral resistance decreased. In the hypertensive rabbits the effects were similar, except for a significantly more pronounced decrease in blood pressure. 3. Isoprenaline increased the fraction of the cardiac output delivered to the heart, skin and fat, at the expense of the fractions to the brain, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver and kidney(s) in both normotensive and hypertensive animals. Local peripheral resistance was decreased, most prominently, in the heart, skin, skeletal muscle and fat. 4. In the normotensive rabbits pretreatment with propranolol (4 mg.kg-1 infused in 1 h) effectively blocked the cardiovascular responses following isoprenaline infusion. 4. Since the systemic and regional haemodynamic effects of isoprenaline were not less (if anything, slightly more) in the hypertensive than in the normotensive rabbits, our results provide no evidence for subsensitivity of beta-adrenoceptors as a contributory factor in the development of hypertension in this model. PMID- 7249412 TI - Serum concentrations of digoxin entrapped in liposomes after intravenous administration in dogs. AB - 1. Digoxin was associated into phosphotidylcholine liposomes at concentrations of 28-33 mol% in Hank's Buffer, pH 7.4 at 28 degrees C. 2. Digoxin-liposomes (digoxin concentration 0.022 mg/kg per dog per day) administered intravenously in five adult male dogs attained therapeutic serum concentrations (0.7-3.0 ng/ml) beginning with day 1 of administration. 3. Digoxin serum concentrations obtained by intravenous digoxin-liposomes compared favorably with normal oral digoxin administration (0.022 mg/kg per dog per day) in all 5 dogs monitoring serum digoxin levels for 7 days showed no significant (P < 0.05) differences in mean serum digoxin concentrations +/- s.e.m. on 6 of 7 days of treatments. PMID- 7249411 TI - Direct vasodilator activity of atropine in the rat perfused hindlimb preparation. AB - 1. The autoperfused hindlimb technique in the rat was used to determine the effects of atropine upon the peripheral vasculature. 2. Injection of atropine (0.1-0.8 mumoles) into the hindlimb perfusion circuit resulted in a dose dependent decrease in perfusion pressure which was immediate in onset and always preceded systemic pressure changes. The duration of vasodilation lengthened with increasing doses of atropine and ranged from 1.5 to 9 min. 3. During atropine induced vasodilation, challenging doses of acetylcholine did not alter the perfusion pressure. 4. These experiments suggest that atropine is capable of direct vasodilator activity upon the peripheral vasculature in which a muscarinic mechanism appears unlikely. PMID- 7249413 TI - Differentiation of lymphocyte function in vivo following transplantation of thymic epithelial monolayers. PMID- 7249414 TI - A diffuse cutaneous lymphoma secreting a potent immunosuppressant. PMID- 7249415 TI - Report of a case of Goodpasture's syndrome with unusual immunohistology and antibody reactivity. PMID- 7249416 TI - Lymphocyte adherence in multiple sclerosis. Role of monocytes and increased sensitivity of MS lymphocytes to prostaglandin E. PMID- 7249417 TI - Dialyzable leukocyte extract therapy in immunodepressed patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 7249418 TI - Response of normal subjects to mitogens. I. Influence of adherent cells. PMID- 7249419 TI - Direct migration inhibition with measles antigen: effect of measles vaccination. PMID- 7249420 TI - Acceleration of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in hamsters with antecedent virus infection. PMID- 7249421 TI - Dialysis encephalopathy: precipitating factors and improvement in prognosis. AB - The course of typical dialysis encephalopathy (D.E.) in 12 patients is described. Five patients are still alive from 31 to 57 months after the onset of the disease. Their mental state has improved, but 3 have severe, residual paraplegia. Improvement was associated with the presence of a well functioning renal transplant or dialysis with deionized water. Only one case has developed since deionization of water containing more than 50/micrograms/l of aluminium has been routine. The patients' histories suggest that immobilization, surgery, administration of corticosteroids and hypophosphatemia, all of which induce a negative calcium balance, may release aluminium or another toxic substance from bone and precipitate the onset of D.E. PMID- 7249423 TI - CAPD--a scheme to allow reduction of dialy bag exchange. PMID- 7249422 TI - Measurement of fibrinopeptide A in the evaluation of heparin activity and fibrin formation during hemodialysis. AB - In order to monitor heparin activity during hemodialysis, were evaluated three commonly used methods; measurement of whole blood activated coagulation time (WBACT), whole blood thrombin time (WBTT) and heparin concentration in plasma, determined with a chromogenic substrate. Studies were performed on six regular dialysis patients during 4-hour dialysis sessions, employing three different heparin regimens; a single intravenous loading dose only, priming of the dialyzer with heparin followed by a heparin infusion and a pharmaco-kinetic model. Efficacy of heparinization was assessed by determination of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) which is a peptide split product of the fibrinogen molecule formed during thrombin-induced conversion to fibrin. There was a linear correlation (r = 0.95) between FPA-production in the dialyzer and the FPA content of the blood at the inlet to the dialyzer; the slope of the correlation line indicates that at least 65% of FPA formed in the dialyzer is disposed during passage through the patient. Considerably higher production of FPA was noted when the heparin concentration was below 0.5 IU/ml than at a higher level. This was a common finding at the end of a dialysis, regardless of regimen. No consumption of antithrombin (AT III) occurred during a dialysis with any of the heparin regimens. Good correlations were found between WBACT, WBTT and heparin concentration. Heparin activity during a dialysis may be monitored with any of these three methods with equal reliability. However, from a practical point of view, WBACT appears most attractive because of its simplicity. FPA generation, frequency of visible clots in the dialyzer and hemorrhagic manifestations were essentially the same for each of the heparin dose regimens. The simple administration of a single loading dose was as safe as the more complicated infusion technique. PMID- 7249424 TI - Nephrotic syndrome associated with lithium therapy. AB - Two patients on long-term lithium therapy developed the nephrotic syndrome. Ultrastructural study of a renal biopsy in each case showed extensive glomerular epithelial cell foot process fusion. Lithium was withdrawn in each case. The nephrotic syndrome cleared without steroid therapy and has not recurred 18 months later in one patient. The other patient required a further course of treatment with lithium and the nephrotic syndrome returned. Further biopsy revealed a more severe glomerular lesion. The nephrotic syndrome responded again to withdrawal of lithium and institution of steroid therapy. Lithium is known to cause acute renal failure and tubulo-interstitial disease, but the recently described association with proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome is little recognized. PMID- 7249425 TI - Depression of endostreptosin, streptolysin O and streptozyme antibodies in patients with idiopathic nephrosis with and without a nephrotic syndrome. AB - We determined antibody titers to Endostreptosin (ESS), a recently described protein antigen in the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of Group A streptococci in 286 normals of different age groups and in 34 children and 19 adults who had or had had at one time a nephrotic syndrome due to idiopathic nephrosis. Antistreptolysin O titers were also determined in 33 of the idiopathic nephrotics. Similarly, antibody titers to Streptozyme were determined in 21 patients with idiopathic nephrosis and 61 normals with a similar age distribution. Severe depression of these antibody titers was found in almost all patients with this disease not only during the presence of a nephrotic syndrome but for long periods up to 20 years following an episode of a nephrotic syndrome when the patients were in complete remission. Patients with a nephrotic syndrome due to chronic glomerulonephritis (5), S.L.E. (4), membranous nephropathy (5), diabetes mellitus (1) or amyloidosis (1) did not show abnormally low values for antibodies to Endostreptosin, Streptolysin O or Streptozyme. High-dose steroid medication as such for prolonged periods of time does not depress Endostreptosin or Streptolysin O antibody titers below the expected mean, as demonstrated in 15 patients with S.L.E. PMID- 7249426 TI - Depression of normal lymphocyte transformation by sera of patients with minimal change nephropathy and other forms of nephrotic syndrome. AB - Sera from patients with the nephrotic syndrome due to minimal change nephropathy (11 patients), membranous nephropathy (14 patients) and focal glomerulosclerosis (15 patients) inhibited the response of normal lymphocytes to the mitogen Concanavalin A. Although there was a tendency for the sera of patients with minimal change nephropathy to be more inhibitory than sera from the other two forms of nephrotic syndrome, this effect of nephrotic sera on normal lymphocytes is not confined to minimal change nephropathy. Until the exact nature of the inhibitor(s) is established, it is therefore not possible to state that impaired lymphocyte transformation by serum plays a pathogenetic role specifically in minimal change nephropathy. The susceptibility of nephrotic patients to infection may be due in part to the sera of the patients causing reduced lymphocyte function in vivo which leads to a defective immune response. PMID- 7249428 TI - Hematologic studies during isolated ultrafiltration. AB - The effect of negative-pressure isolated ultrafiltration on leucocytes, platelets, and clotting factors was evaluated in maintenance hemodialysis patients. A significant decrease in the number of leucocytes was observed during the first 45 minutes of ultrafiltration. However, by one hour, leucocyte counts had returned to pre-ultrafiltration values. A slight, of haptoglobin, free hemoglobin, or fibrinogen after one hour of isolated ultrafiltration. Levels of fibrin degradation products and fibrin monomers similarly showed no change. Heparin administration alone had no effect on the above hematologic values. We suggest that isolated ultrafiltration, as clinically practised, has little acute effect on the coagulation system, and does not cause detectable hemolysis. The transient decrease in leucocyte count, and the modest fall in platelet count that were found are in keeping with changes previously reported to occur during hemodialysis. PMID- 7249427 TI - Long-term prognosis of epidemic poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in Maracaibo: follow-up studies 11-12 years after the acute episode. AB - In 1968 there was an epidemic outbreak of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in Maracaibo during which 384 cases were hospitalized. Of these cases, 120 were recalled in 1974 and the results of their investigations were reported. The present work concerns 71 patients from this group followed for 11-12 years and studied with measurement of creatinine clearance (CCr), protein excretion and urine sediment analyses. Measurements of serum immunoglobulins, cryoglobulins, C3 levels and rheumatoid factor titers were also made. One patient developed uremia and is in chronic dialysis. Persistent abnormalities were detected in 21.1% of the patients. Depressed creatinine clearance was found in 12.6% of the patients and proteinuria (0.5-2.0 g/day) in 11.2%. Microscopic hematuria occurred in 4.1%. Only 2 patients wer hypertensive. Transient serological abnormalities were seen in 36 patients: elevated IgG levels in 27, serum cryoglobulins in 17 and a low C3 level in 1 patient. Cryoglobulins were found in 50% of the patients with abnormal renal findings and in 22.9% of the patients with normal renal function and urine sediment. Children (at the time of the epidemic) had urinary abnormalities less frequently (16.1%) than did adults (55.5%). Of 9 patients who had been found abnormal five years before, 3 were improved or normal, 3 were stable and 3 showed progressive disease. our studies indicate that uremia is rare in the first decade after epidemic poststeptococcal glomerulonephritis. Nevertheless, the increasing incidence of depressed renal function dictates the need for continued follow-up of this group of patients. PMID- 7249430 TI - The effect of hemodialysis on cardiac rhythm and performance. AB - The effects of hemodialysis on cardiac rhythm and left ventricular function were evaluated by Holter electrocardiographic monitoring and M-mode echocardiography in 22 stable patients on regular hemodialysis in hospital. Significant ventricular arrhythmias occurred in 9%. Mean left ventricular volume in diastole (LVVd) decreased significantly after dialysis from 156 +/- 12 ml to 135 +/- 9 ml (P less than 0.001). Similarly, mean left ventricular volume in systole (LVVs) decreased from 51 +/- 9 ml to 42 +/- 6 ml (P less than 0.025). Left ventricular function, as measured by mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF), increased significantly for the entire group from 1.25 +/- 0.06 circ/sec to 1.38 +/- 0.06 circ/sec (P less than 0.05). Pre-dialysis VCF was normal in 15 patients (Group 1) and abnormal (less than 1.10 circ/sec) in 7 patients (Group 2). The mean VCF after VCF after dialysis did not change in Group 1 (1.40 +/- 0.05 circ/sec to 1.42 +/- 0.06 circ/sec, P = NS) but increased significantly in Group 2 (0.92 +/- 0.06 circ/sec to 1.29 +/- 0.12 circ/sec, P less than 0.005). There was no significant change in cardiac output or peripheral vascular resistance. Hemodialysis, when performed with careful potassium monitoring, has a low incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. In addition, hemodialysis reduces left ventricular volumes and improves overall cardiac performance in patients with abnormal left ventricular function predialysis. PMID- 7249431 TI - "Eosinophilic" peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). AB - Three cases of "sterile" peritonitis in CAPD patients are discussed, where the predominant white cell type in the peritoneal dialysis fluid was the eosinophil. No bacterial or fungal organism was isolated on repeated culture of the dialysis fluid and all had a benign course. The eosinophilic response appears to occur very soon after starting CAPD, is relatively asymptomatic and does not require antibiotic therapy. It is suggested that the eosinophilia is related to allergy to some constituent of the peritoneal dialysis system. PMID- 7249429 TI - No-needle dialysis (NND): experience with the new carbon transcutaneous hemodialysis (HD) access device (CTAD). AB - A new carbon transcutaneous access device (CTAD) for hemodialysis id described the precludes the need for needle puncture. The device consists of a vitreous carbon access port attached to a PTFE graft. A disposable connector provides for movement of blood from the device into and out of the dialyzer. Twenty-one of the devices have been implanted in 18 patients. Overall 9 month patency rate is 64.3%, comparing favorably with conventional PTFE grafts. The incidence of infection (1 per .05 patient months) and thrombosis (28.6% at 9 months) similarly compare favorably with other forms of vascular access. The CTAD provides a unique opportunity by permitting hemodialysis without the pain or risk of needle punctures. PMID- 7249432 TI - Infection complicating intrapericardial steroid instillation in uremic pericarditis. AB - Short-term, indwelling, percutaneous pericardiocentesis for drainage with local steroid instillation has been advocated for refractive uremic pericarditis. It is reported to be almost universally successful and to cause only minor complications. We describe a patient in whom this technique lead to purulent pericarditis (Staphylococcus aureus) requiring pericardiectomy. PMID- 7249434 TI - Prognostic factors in gastro-intestinal lymphoma. PMID- 7249433 TI - The value of staging laparotomy in Hodgkin's disease-3 year experience of Edinburgh Lymphoma Group. PMID- 7249435 TI - The Ommaya reservoir in chemotherapy for malignant disease in the CNS. PMID- 7249437 TI - Male breast cancer. PMID- 7249438 TI - Paraffinoma of the breast. PMID- 7249436 TI - Immune status in patients cured of breast and gynaecological cancer. PMID- 7249439 TI - Treatment of advanced oestrogen-resistant prostatic carcinoma with estramustine phosphate. PMID- 7249441 TI - The great toe. PMID- 7249440 TI - The timing of liver biopsy during staging laparatomy for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7249442 TI - Modified chevron osteotomy of the first metatarsal. AB - Twenty-nine modified chevron ostetotomies for symptomatic hallux valgus were performed in 17 patients, all of whom had excellent pain relief and acceptable cosmesis, with occasional discomfort persisting in only two of 29 feet. The average postoperative decrease in the intermetatarsal angle was 4 degrees, and in the metatarsophalangeal angle 13 degrees. Overall results were similar to those obtained with the Mitchell and chevron metatarsal osteotomies, but the increased mechanical stability afforded by the modified procedure permitted shorter periods of postoperative immobilization and a return to normal footwear by four weeks. PMID- 7249444 TI - Deformities of the great toe in Apert's syndrome. AB - Complex syndactyly of the hands and feet is a major deformity seen in children with Apert's syndrome. Also observed in the three patients presented in this paper was severe hallux valgus, which caused significant shoeing difficulties in two patients, for whom surgical correction was necessary. The two operative plans were based on the different underlying osseous abnormalities: (1) removal of the great toe with transposition of the second toe; (2) resection of the second ray with realignment of the great toe. Both procedures were successful from a functional and aesthetic viewpoint. When confronted with a child with Apert's syndrome who is having shoeing difficulty, assessment of the underlying osseous pathology is a mandatory step in the preoperative planning of surgical intervention. PMID- 7249443 TI - Irreducible dorsal dislocation of the interphalangeal joint of the great toe. AB - A 54-year-old man had an irreducible dorsal dislocation of the interphalangeal (IP) joint of the great toe, and injury that seems not to have been previously reported in the literature. The stability at the IP joint afforded by collateral ligaments, tendons, and plantar accessory ligament along with the short level arm of the distal phalanx normally resists dislocation. A strong dorsiflexion force to this joint with the foot and metatarsophalangeal joint fixed in a weight bearing position is necessary to produce this injury. Treatment should begin with attempted closed reduction, but if this proves unsuccessful, an invaginated volar plate may be preventing reduction, in which case open reduction will be required. A dorsal approach affords easy exposure. Once the volar plate is reflected plantarward, the joint is easily reduced. Neither repair of the volar plate nor prolonged immobilization is necessary. At 15-month follow-up, our patient had no residual instability. PMID- 7249445 TI - Joint function after total hip arthroplasty: a four-year follow-up of 72 cases with Charnley and Muller replacements. AB - To help determine the duration of benefits in functional performance resulting from total hip arthroplasty (THA), multiple kinesiologic measurements were made before surgery and two and four years after 32 Charnley and 40 Muller THA procedures were done in 58 patients. There were no complications of loosening or infection, nor was there additional disability in other joints of the lower extremities. Measurements of functional performance included range of hip motion, hip abductor and adductor muscle strength, weight distribution between the feet during standing, forces applied to canes or crutches, and multiple components of free-speed and fast-walking performance. The average measurements showed significant improvement in almost all components of function from the time preceding surgery to two years afterward. The two-year level of function was then maintained without significant improvement or decline in function four years postoperation. PMID- 7249446 TI - Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis: Hangman's fracture. AB - Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis is classified either as Type 1, an undisplaced fracture involving the posterior elements only, or Type 2, a displaced fracture involving the posterior elements plus the anterior structures. This classification is the basis of a rational treatment program. Neurologically, not one in a series of 42 patients was made worse by the proposed program of treatment. All fractures healed per primam without operative intervention. There was no evidence of late instability. The incidence of spinal cord and nerve root involvement was low although the incidence of associated trauma, particularly head trauma, was extremely high. PMID- 7249448 TI - Hallux disorder and metatarsal alignment. AB - The results of surgical procedures to correct hallux valgus have thus far been unpredictable. Hitherto the problem has been approached on the horizontal plane (i.e., from the dorsoplantar point of view), but the author has devised a new apparatus for measuring and recording the weight-bearing frontal alignment (WFA). Abnormal positions of the metatarsal heads, observed from the front, may cause pain in the forefoot, and hallux valgus may contribute to the problem. Analysis of the WFA before a surgical operation enables the surgeon to select the proper procedure for each foot and simultaneously to correct the defects in the horizontal and frontal planes. WFA analysis also enables the surgeon to avoid grave errors in choosing a surgical procedure. After hallux rigidus surgery, the forefoot tends to be more pronated than before and although painless, is predisposed to metatarsalgia. if the WFA is known, this can be avoided. PMID- 7249447 TI - Volar perilunar dislocation of the wrist. PMID- 7249449 TI - Patellar tracking. AB - Patellar tracking patterns were studied in 20 cadaver knees. The predominant pattern (Type 1) found in 17 knees included medial shift and medial tilt of the patella with respect to the tibial tubercle during extension of the knee. The remaining three knees (Type 2) showed a tendency toward lateral shift and tilt. Release of the lateral retinaculum had no effect on patellar tracking in most knees, while release of the medial retinaculum produced abnormal tracking in many Type 1 knees and all Type 2 knees. The "proximal realignment" (medial imbrication lateral release) procedure increased the tendency of the patella to tilt and shift medially during extension. PMID- 7249450 TI - Extruded osteochondral nail: an interesting cause of knee locking. PMID- 7249451 TI - Regional migratory osteoporosis and tarsal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 7249452 TI - The traumatic lesions in fatal acute spinal column injuries. PMID- 7249453 TI - Causes of failure of surgery on the lumbar spine. AB - An interinstitutional study on the failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) has determined that failure to recognize or adequately treat lateral stenosis of the lumbar spine with resultant nerve irritation and/or compression comprised the primary etiology in 57% to 58% of patients. Other common causes were recurrent or persistent disk herniation and lumbosacral adhesive arachnoiditis. The diagnosis of stenosis was made either by high-resolution CT scan of the lumbar spine or by directly testing lateral canal and for animal patency at the time of surgery. It is now appreciated that the process of degenerative disk disease, particularly when enhanced by diskectomy, results in progressive loss of intervertebral disk volume and predisposes to future ipsilateral or contralateral lateral spinal stenosis. Degenerative disk disease is ultimately a bilateral process and therefore surgical exposure should be bilateral. The direct and indirect costs of FBSS to patients and to society as well as the toll in human suffering are very high. This is particularly a matter of concern when it is realized that for many FBSS patients, surgery could have been avoided in the first place by preventive care or by innovative conservative treatment. When surgery is indicated, adequate diagnostic tests and the execution of appropriate procedures based upon this information should largely prevent the failed back surgery syndrome. PMID- 7249454 TI - Surgical approaches to the great toe. PMID- 7249455 TI - An effective method of skin traction in A-K guillotine amputation. AB - In modern orthopedic surgery, there are still indications for the guillotine amputation of the thigh. Immediate postoperative management by effective skin traction can promote rapid healing and eliminate the need for revision surgery. Revision surgery necessitates further shortening of the stump; skin grafting likewise can be avoided as a secondary procedure. Most skin tractions for above the-knee amputations loosen within 24 hours. The suggested method of applying skin traction on A-K amputations, if applied properly, will be effective for periods ranging from five to seven days. PMID- 7249456 TI - A new osteotomy for hallux valgus: a horizontally directed "V" displacement osteotomy of the metatarsal head for hallux valgus and primus varus. AB - A new operation for hallux valgus consists of a horizontally directed "V" displacement osteotomy done in the head of the first metatarsal. This procedure corrects most of the primus varus, the valgus tilt of the articular surface of the first metatarsal and, if present, the axial rotation of the great toe. The osteotomy is combined with a release and balancing of soft-tissue structures on both sides of the joint. No casting and usually no internal fixation is necessary. Ambulation is generally recommended on the third postoperative day. The operative techniques, indications for surgery, clinical material, and postoperative care are discussed. The operation, when done correctly, does not result in recurrence of the deformity. Significant complications are rare. PMID- 7249457 TI - In vitro evaluation of the loosening characteristics of self-tapped and non-self tapped cortical bone screws. AB - The heads of self-tapping and non-self-tapping screws in dog femurs were exposed to a cyclic shearing force of 110 N for 200 loading cycles. This cyclic shear loading created a decrease in pull-out strength for both screw types of approximately 11% (p less than 0.01). No statistically significant difference in pull-out strength was found between screw types either before or after cyclic loading. A linear relationship between pull-out force and cortical thickness was observed for both screw types. These tests corroborated past work which showed equal holding power for the self-tapping and non-self-tapping screw. The progressive loosening of the screws with cyclic shear loading was accompanied by increasing load-displacement hysteresis and screw head migration. Greater hysteresis suggested that the non-self-tapping screw might have loosened more than the self-tapping screw from this applied loading schedule. Bone microcracking around screw threads before and after cyclic loading was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Photomicrographs of one non-self-tapping screw type and two self-tapping screw types showed microcracks at the tip of the outer diameter of the screw thread. More microcracks were observed after application of cyclic shear loading. PMID- 7249458 TI - Legg-Calve-Perthes disease in dogs: a comparison to human Legg-Culve-Perthes disease. AB - The femoral heads of 12 dogs with naturally occurring Legg-Calve-Perthes disease were studied by light and electron microscopic techniques. In the early stages of the disease, the bony capital femoral epiphysis was necrotic, but the articular cartilage and growth plate cartilage were not affected. By the early stages of repair, the femoral head had collapsed. the articular cartilage was thickened and furrowed at the sites of collapse, and the chondrocytes appeared more metabolically active. Sites of bone resorption were associated with osteoclasts and macrophages. In some specimens there were areas of necrosis in the metaphysis which interrupted normal enchondral ossification in the growth plate. By the final stages of repair, the epiphysis was almost completely revascularized with the exception of the central proximal segment. In some areas, repair tissue had penetrated into the deeper layers of the articular cartilage. The flattening of the femoral head in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease appears to be the result of several processes: mechanical collapse, asymmetric growth, and disturbed enchondral ossification at the growth plate. PMID- 7249459 TI - Adjunctive fixation in flexible intramedullary nailing of femoral fractures: a study of twenty-six cases. AB - Flexible intramedullary nailing has been shown previously to be an effective method of fixation of simple transverse fractures and those with unicortical comminution. Long oblique fractures and those with bicortical comminution had a tendency to shorten after simple nailing, usually requiring additional measures to prevent it. Preliminary cerclage wiring of long oblique components, screw fixation of supracondylar fragments, and limited plating of very comminuted cortex were successfully performed in 22 cases, and external fixation was successful following nailing in four cases of highly comminuted fractures. Adjunctive fixation in these cases could not itself provide stability at the fracture site, but simply converted an unstable fracture to a stable one; flexible intramedullary nailing provided further necessary fixation until the fracture healed, while allowing the patient's early mobility and ambulation. PMID- 7249460 TI - Hallux valgus--etiology, anatomy, treatment and surgical considerations. AB - The etiology of hallux valgus, method of patient selection, technique of carrying out a modified McBride procedure, and possible surgical pitfalls associated with the procedure are discussed. The results of the McBride procedure and the limitations that the authors feel should be placed upon the procedure were stressed. The authors believe that the modified McBride procedures is biomechanically sound and offers patients a most satisfactory correction of their deformity. The procedure has a very low incidence or postoperative complications, and if a complication arises, the surgeon has many good alternatives with which to correct the problem. PMID- 7249461 TI - Osteotomy and fixation for hallux valgus. AB - Osteotomy is a good method for correcting a metatarsus varus and a hallux valgus if the first metatarsophalangeal joint has little or no arthritis, no luxation and is mobile. Osteotomy of the neck of the first metatarsal is recommended when the articular surface of the first metatarsophalangeal joint has a certain lateral obliquity. In these cases osteotomy of the base of the metatarsal, which exaggerates this obliquity, should be avoided. Osteotomy allows correction in all planes. As osteotomy of the diaphysis of the proximal phalanx is indicated in cases where the hallux is too long, is pronated, or if there is a phalanx valga. Internal fixation of these osteotomies with a lag screw has the advantage of maintaining the correction and allowing early mobilization. With the above described technique, a physiologic as well as an aesthetic reconstruction may be obtained. The osteotomy must be performed very carefully in order to avoid the complications of recurrence of deformity, joint stiffness and pain. PMID- 7249462 TI - Hallux valgus--the akin procedure. PMID- 7249463 TI - The hallux. PMID- 7249465 TI - The mechanics of normal and hallux valgus feet--a quantitative study. AB - Accurate measurements of the vertical load under areas of the foot were made with a computerized instrumentation system. In a study of 148 normal feet, the normal force distribution and its variation with age was quantified. This showed the hallux to be important in sharing the load on the first ray. comparative studies of feet with hallux valgus before and after Keller's operation showed the changes that accompany reduced hallux loading. A model of the foot was used to calculate the force across the metatarsophalangeal joint and the forces and moments acting on the metatarsals. PMID- 7249466 TI - The etiology of hallux valgus in Japan. AB - Until recent years, hallux valgus did not exist in Japan. Changing customs and styles of footwear during the past ten years have led to an increasing number of patients with the classic hallux valgus deformity. These are not mild deformities, but are painful and require surgical correction. The ratio of the width to the length of the foot is similar in both sexes and was measured in children up to the age of 14. Coincidentally, at about that time students may freely wear any type of fashionable shoe. We conclude, therefore, that the hallux valgus deformities we are now seeing with greater frequency are caused, at least in part, by the change in footwear. PMID- 7249464 TI - The great toe. PMID- 7249467 TI - The great toe sesamoid bones: the lus or lost souls of Ushaia. PMID- 7249468 TI - The sesamoids of the hallux. AB - The seemingly innocuous tiny sesamoids play an important role in the function and pathomechanics of the hallux. The recent active participation of people of all ages in jogging and long-distance running, activities introducing repetitive stressful forces on the forefoot, induces sesamoiditis. Bones normally asymptomatic, such as the sesamoids, require renewed interest in embryology, anatomy, congenital variations, infection, osteochondritis, trauma and effective treatment. PMID- 7249469 TI - Hallux valgus and hallux flexus associated with cerebral palsy: analysis and treatment. AB - Hallux valgus and hallux flexus associated with cerebral palsy foot deformity may be due to equinovalgus and/or metatarsus primus adductus or combinations of these. Occasionally the condition occurs in equinovarus feet. Hallux flexus or "dorsal bunion" is usually due to a weak extensor hallucis longus, overpull of the anterior tibial muscle on the first metatarsal and spasticity or contracture of the flexor hallucis longus or brevis. A weak peroneus longus muscle has not caused this deformity. The condition is usually predictable in the growing child if all factors related to gait, collagen stability and foot alignment are observed. Treatment includes soft-tissue and bone realignment. Release of the adductor hallucis, lateral collateral ligaments of the metatarsophalangeal joint, plication of the medial capsule and of the abductor hallucis and centralization of the extensor hallucis longus will realign the first ray. The flexor hallucis longus is transferred to athe extensor hallucis longus proximal to the metatarsophalangeal joint and the anterior tibial tendon is transferred to the second metatarsal. An osteotomy at the base of the first metatarsal and at the base of the proximal phalanx will realign the skeleton. Twenty-six great toes in 16 patients have been observed for two to 20 years. The correction has been maintained without arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint except where chondromalacia occurred. Once the pattern of deformity is evident, progression is unrelenting and treatment is indicated in order to prevent chondromalacia of the articular cartilage. PMID- 7249470 TI - [Peculiar type of congenital muscular dystrophy (Fukuyama type) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249471 TI - [Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis due to familial antithrombin III deficiency: case report of two families (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249472 TI - [A case of congenital polymyositis -- A possible pathogenesis of "Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249473 TI - [The distribution of manganese in the spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- determination of manganese by neutron activation analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249474 TI - [Disturbance of equilibrium in Parkinsonism -- analysis of response to pushing chest (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249475 TI - [The role of macrophage and serum factor in demyelination of experimental allergic neuritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249476 TI - [A case of voluntary nystagmus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249477 TI - [Polyradiculoneuropathy due to paraquat: A case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249479 TI - [Cyanide metabolism in the nervous disorders, with special reference to motor neuron disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249478 TI - [Physiology and biochemistry of extrapyramidal diseases]. PMID- 7249480 TI - [An unusual form of myotonia-like phenomenon associated with the lesions of cervical cord or roots (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249481 TI - [Recurrent ophthalmoplegia, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, amyotrophy, melanosis, apnea and tubular aggregates in muscle fibers--a case report and pathogenesis of tubular aggregates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249482 TI - [Auditory brainstem evoked response (ABSR) of Parkinson-dementia complex and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Guam and Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249483 TI - [Opsoclonus and ocular myoclonus. Two abnormal spontaneous eye movements occurring in the same patient--two case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249484 TI - [The pathology of peripheral nervous system of polyradiculoneuritis; using a teased fiber method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249485 TI - [Visual hallucination in the cerebro-vascular disorders--report of two cases and mechanism of visual hallucination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249486 TI - Rapid estimation of chloramphenicol clearance in infants and children. AB - A method is presented by which chloramphenicol clearance (CL) can be estimated from a single serum sample obtained 6 hours after the initial intravenous dose. The method was evaluated prospectively in 20 infants and children who received intravenous chloramphenicol sodium succinate. Agreement between predicted and observed clearance was excellent (r = 0.914, p less than 0.001). The equation of the observed regression line was: observed 0.886x predicted + 0.019. The method appears to provide reasonably accurate estimates of clearance which can be used for rapid clinical adjustment of dose. PMID- 7249487 TI - Clinical Pharmacokinetics of indomethacin. AB - Indomethacin (1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetic acid) is an anit-in-flammatory antipyretic drug commonly used for symptomatic relief of pain and stiffness in rheumatic diseases. Following oral administration the absorption of the drug is rapid and complete, but with important inter-and intraindividual variations. In general, peak plasma concentrations of 2 to 3 microgram/ml are achieved with 1 to 2 hours, but concomitant ingestion of food reduces and delays the peak concentrations without reducing the amount absorbed. Rectal administration is associated with earlier but lower peak plasma concentrations, incomplete absorption form suppositories, and offers no clinical advantages when compared with equivalent oral dosage. In plasma at 90% of indomethacin is bound to albumin at therapeutic plasma concentrations. Indomethacin is distributed into the synovial fluid, is excreted in human breast milk and crosses the placenta in significant amounts. It is metabolised to O-desmethylindomethacin, N deschlorobenzoylindomethacin and O-desmethy-N-deschlorobenzoylindomethacin, which are devoid of anti-inflammatory activity and are present in significant amount in the plasma. About 60% of an oral dose is excreted in the urine predominantly in glucuronidated form, while about 40% is excreted in the faeces after biliary secretion. A large amount of the dose undergoes biliary recycling. The biotransformation is independent of the route of administration. A 2-compartment open model with correction for biliary recycling can be used to describe the disposition of indomethacin. The drug has a biological half-life of about 5 to 10 hours and a plasma clearance of 1 to 2.5ml/kg/min. In premature infants the half life of indomethacin is inversely correlated with gestational age and is significantly prolonged as compared with adults. Renal failure does not affect the serum concentrations of indomethacin. Probenecid results in increased plasma concentrations of indomethacin with enhanced pain relief without increasing the incidence of side effects. There seem to be no significant pharmacokinetic interactions between indomethacin and aspirin or warfarin. To date it has not been possible to identify a relationship between the clinical effects and plasma concentration of indomethacin. PMID- 7249488 TI - Altered plasma protein binding of drugs in thyroid disease. AB - The plasma protein binding of propranolol and warfarin was studied in vitro by ultrafiltration in hyper- and hypothyroid patients both before and after treatment. The degree of binding of propranolol was significantly decreased in hyperthyroid patients and increased in hypothyroid patients, and was negatively correlated with serum thyroxine and the free thyroxine index. The plasma protein binding of warfarin was also decreased in hyperthyroid patients, but was unchanged in hypothyroid patients. These results suggest that the binding of both acidic and basic drugs may be altered by thyroid disease. PMID- 7249489 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine after single doses and during continuous treatment. AB - The plasma concentration-time curve and urinary excretion of cimetidine were followed in 10 patients after single 200mg doses given intravenously, in 9 patients after 400 and 800mg single oral doses, and in 10 patients over a 24-hour period during continuous oral treatment with 1000mg daily. The bioavailability of cimetidine measured as the ratio between the areas under the plasma concentration time curves (AUC) after oral and intravenous administration was 76%. The mean excretion of cimetidine in the urine as unchanged drug, expressed as a percentage of administered dose, was 58% after 200mg intravenously and between 37 and 41% after single oral doses of 200, 400 and 800mg and during continuous treatment with 1.0g/day. Since there were no significant differences between the oral doses, the relative bioavailability of cimetidine does not appear to be dose dependent. The AUC after the 800mg dose was 2.1 times that of the 400mg dose. No dose-dependent kinetics were observed. There were also no significant differences in the AUCs after 200 and 400mg doses during continuous treatment compared with the AUCs after the same single doses. Thus, cimetidine does not appear to induce or inhibit its own metabolism during treatment. Following intravenous administration, the mean volume of distribution was 1.39L/kg and the mean total body clearance and the mean plasma renal clearance of cimetidine were 655 and 375ml/min, respectively. A renal clearance of cimetidine more than 3 times higher than the creatinine clearance demonstrates that the renal excretion of cimetidine is mainly by tubular secretion. Plasma concentrations of cimetidine during continuous treatment with 1.0g/day were above 1.0 microgram/ml-the plasma concentration associated with 50% inhibition of stimulated acid secretion in peptic ulcer patients-for 9 out of the 24 hours. A morning plasma concentration above 0.6 microgram/ml before the next morning dose has been taken during treatment with cimetidine 1.0g/day is only seen in patients with some degree of renal failure. Measurement of plasma half-life during continuous treatment shows that the plasma half-life is longer than the mean 1.79 hours estimated after intravenous administration of a single dose. PMID- 7249490 TI - Steady-state kinetics and dosage requirements of cimetidine in renal failure. AB - 25 patients with different degrees of chronic stable renal failure received oral treatment with cimetidine over 6 days and a final dose in the morning of day 7. The doses of cimetidine were reduced according to the degree of renal failure. Plasma concentrations of cimetidine were determined before the morning dose on days 2,3,6 and before the final morning dose and during the day on day 7. 24-hour excretions of cimetidine were measured during the study and on day 7, 6 to 9 hours after the final morning dose. There were significant linear relationships between the values of creatinine clearance and plasma elimination rate constant of cimetidine (p less than 0.0025) and between the values of creatinine clearance and renal clearance of cimetidine (p less than 0.05). On the basis of the morning plasma concentrations before and the plasma concentration curve after the final morning dose on day 7 the following dose recommendations according to pretrial values of creatinine clearance are recommended for cimetidine treatment in renal failure: 5 to 15ml/min 200mg 2 or 3 times daily, 15 to 30ml/min 200mg 3 times daily and 30 to 75ml/min 200mg 4 times daily. PMID- 7249491 TI - Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. AB - The three forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa include the autosomal recessive form and two autosomal dominant variants, the Cockayne-Touraine and Pasini forms. Whereas all three forms are clinically characterized by milia, nail dystrophy, and scarring, the autosomal recessive form tends to be the most mutilating with frequent mucosal lesions. The Pasini variant often has generalized blistering commonly associated with mucosal involvement but to a lesser degree. The Cockayne-Touraine variant is usually localized to the extremities and tends to be the mildest form of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Ultrastructurally, the blister is located below the basal lamina in all three variants. The anchoring fibrils are either absent or hypoplastic in each condition. The autosomal recessive form alone also demonstrates dermal collagenolytic activity. The ultrastructural differentiation between the two forms of the dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa depends on a quantitative rather than qualitative assessment of the anchoring fibrils. PMID- 7249492 TI - Prolonged remission of Weber-Christian syndrome in an infant. PMID- 7249493 TI - Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and hypoglycemia in congenital hypopituitarism. PMID- 7249494 TI - Meningitis caused by a streptococcus of the viridans group. PMID- 7249495 TI - Partial trisomy 13: the myth of nonmongoloid trisomy G. AB - Reexamination of the chromosomes of a patient previously reported as having trisomy 22 yielded a partial trisomy of chromosome 13. Observations led to the conclusion that not every trisomy of a small acrocentric autosome in an individual without mongoloid features represents trisomy 22. Chromosomal analysis, preferably with a high resolution banding, of the parents may help in establishing the correct provenance of the extra chromosomal fragment. The clinical picture of partial trisomy of the proximal portion of chromosome 13 is fairly typical, yet by no means pathognomonic. PMID- 7249496 TI - Dopamine-induced paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in an infant. AB - Dopamine is an effective inotropic agent in the management of circulatory collapse. Ventricular dysrhythmias are reported to occur during dopamine infusion. The following report describes an infant with circulatory failure who experienced an episode of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia while receiving dopamine. Instability or immaturity of the cardiac conduction system during early infancy may contribute to the induction of an arrhythmia of supraventricular origin. PMID- 7249497 TI - Estrogen patient package insert: medication acceptance despite negative attitudes. AB - We surveyed 100 women receiving short courses of estrogen post partum to suppress lactation. Thirty six had significant apprehension about estrogens, but took them. These women were significantly older and better educated and 92% of them were married. In contrast, only one third of the "nonapprehensive" women were married and they had significantly lower family incomes. More of the apprehensive women read the estrogen patient package insert (PPI) and almost 30% developed negative attitudes toward estrogens. The major concerns of these women reflected information in the PPI about cancer and thromboembolism. The reasons given for taking estrogens despite apprehension included the lower risk of short courses, assurance from physicians, nurses, or family members, and the desired therapeutic effect. These women should not be given the current estrogen PPI, which was designed to warn women of the risks of long-term estrogen use; a PPI should be written specifically for patients receiving short courses. Similar problems will arise with the PPIs for other medications that have different risks for different therapeutic indications. PMID- 7249498 TI - Relationship between alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and lidocaine disposition in myocardial infarction. AB - The effects of myocardial infarction (MI) on lidocaine disposition were investigated in eight patients during a constant infusion of 2 mg/min. Plasma lidocaine binding and total plasma and free lidocaine concentrations were measured 12, 24, 36, and 48 hr after beginning therapy and were related to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) concentrations. By 48 hr total plasma lidocaine and AAG concentrations had risen, as had plasma lidocaine binding. Because of enhanced binding, free lidocaine concentrations did not change significantly over this time. There was a correlation between AAG and the binding ratio for lidocaine (r = 0.87) and between AAG and total plasma lidocaine concentrations (r = 0.81). The data suggest that the rise in AAG seen after MI is responsible for enhanced plasma lidocaine binding and may, at least in part, be related to lidocaine cumulation. PMID- 7249499 TI - Systemic and cardiac hemodynamic interactions between clonidine and minoxidil. AB - We examined the hemodynamic interaction between clonidine, a centrally acting antiadrenergic drug, and minoxidil, a potent antihypertensive vasodilator in 10 inpatients with refractory or accelerated hypertension or both. Clonidine in oral doses of 150 to 900 micrograms/day decreased average mean blood pressure 18.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), average heart rate 16.4 bpm (p less than 0.01), limb blood flow 1.63 ml/100 gm . min (p less than 0.05), and plasma renin activity 1.13 ng/ml . hr (p less than 0.025). It also increased the pre-ejection period index 12.4 msec (p less than 0.001), but did not alter the cardiac or total peripheral resistance indices. The addition of minoxidil in oral doses of 5 to 22.5 mg/day further decreased average mean blood pressure 24.2 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), preejection period index 20.6 msec (p less than 0.01), limb vascular resistance 13.2 mm Hg/min . 100 gm/ml (p less than 0.05), and total peripheral resistance 13.3 mm Hg/min . m2/l (p less than 0.01), pre-ejection period index 20.6 msec (p less than 0.01), limb vascular resistance 13.2 mm Hg/min . 100 gm/ml (p less than 0.05), and total peripheral resistance 13.3 mm Hg/min . m2/l concluded that clonidine can be used as an alternative to beta-adrenergic blockers to counteract the increased sympathetic nervous activity minoxidil induces. PMID- 7249500 TI - Norepinephrine release in essential hypertension. AB - Supine basal plasma norepinephrine was higher in a group of newly diagnosed patients with mild essential hypertension than in age- and sex-matched "laboratory-naive" volunteers. Sympathetic activation by exercise and change of posture increased plasma norepinephrine in both groups, with a tendency toward higher values in the hypertensive patients, but norepinephrine clearance was slower and half-life longer in these patients. Thus the estimate of neuronal norepinephrine release obtained by correction of plasma norepinephrine for individual values of clearance was in the same range in both groups. Plasma norepinephrine was lower in younger "laboratory-adapted" subjects than in the "laboratory-naive" normotensive subjects, but clearance was in the same range in both. Thus, variations in kinetics may contribute to differences in plasma norepinephrine between patients with essential hypertension and matched controls. In contrast, the lower plasma concentration of norepinephrine in "laboratory adapted" than in "laboratory-naive" controls appears to reflect a lower level of sympathetic activity in the former. PMID- 7249502 TI - Effect of furosemide in congestive heart failure. AB - The diuretic effect of furosemide was studied in 18 patients with congestive heart failure. Subjects were divided into two groups, group I consisting of eight patients with moderate and group II of 10 patients with advanced congestive heart failure. Six hours after bolus injection of furosemide (40 mg), mean urinary sodium was 120.5 +/- 36.7 mEq in group I and 68.2 +/- 25.8 mEq in group II (p less than 0.01), mean urine volume was 1,100 +/- 281 and 764 +/- 257 ml (p less than 0.05), mean urinary furosemide excretion was 28.08 +/- 2.60 and 24.00 +/- 0.74 mg (p less than 0.05), and mean furosemide renal clearance was 73.4 +/- 16.6 and 42.3 +/- 11.5 ml/min (p less than 0.001). Diuretic effect and furosemide renal clearance, as well as urinary furosemide excretion, correlated positively. The diuretic effect of furosemide with and without hydralazine (0.2 mg/kg) was compared in eight patients in group II. Urinary sodium excretion 6 hr after furosemide rose from 77.2 +/- 31.0 to 122.8 +/- 42.5 mEq after furosemide with hydralazine (p less than 0.01). Urine volume rose from 854 +/- 278 to 1,279 +/- 359 ml (p less than 0.001), urinary furosemide excretion rose from 23.64 +/- 2.03 to 26.94 +/- 2.30 mg (p less than 0.01), and furosemide renal clearance rose from 46.3 +/- 12.2 to 62.5 +/- 18.6 ml/min (p less than 0.01). PMID- 7249501 TI - Amiloride-induced changes in digoxin dynamics and kinetics: abolition of digoxin induced inotropism with amiloride. AB - Digoxin dynamics and kinetics were studied in six healthy subjects with and without amiloride. Amiloride increased mean renal digoxin clearance from 1.3 to 2.4 ml . kg-1 . min-1 (p less than 0.001) due to increased tubular secretion of digoxin, while the glomerular filtration rate was unchanged. This might be caused by an increase in intracellular potassium concentration in the tubular cells provoked by amiloride. In contrast, the extrarenal clearance of digoxin was almost blocked by amiloride; it fell from a mean of 2.1 to 0.2 ml . kg-1 . min-1 (p less than 0.025). Total body clearance tended to fall, but the decrease was not statistically significant. EValuation of myocardial contractility by systolic time intervals revealed a concentration-response relationship between digoxin and changes in preejection period index when digoxin was given alone (rs = 0.750, p less than 0.001). Pretreatment with amiloride abolished this relationship (rs = 0.307, p = NS). Blood pressure and echocardiographically determined left ventricular end-diastolic diameter measurements indicated no changes in the left ventricular post- and preload. It is concluded that amiloride suppressed digoxin induced inotropism. PMID- 7249503 TI - Presystemic metabolism of meperidine to normeperidine in normal and cirrhotic subjects. AB - Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of meperidine and its metabolite normeperidine were determined after intravenous and oral administration to 11 men; five men had hepatic cirrhosis and six were normal. Systemic clearance of meperidine was smaller and bioavailability and half-life greater in the cirrhotic patients than in the normal subjects. Plasma concentrations and 24-hr urinary excretion of normeperidine was lower and persistence of normeperidine in plasma longer in the patients with cirrhosis. The route of administration did not alter the fraction of normeperidine generated from meperidine. The results suggest that in patients requiring repeated meperidine dosage the drug should be taken parenterally rather than orally to allow maximal analgesia and minimal formation of normeperidine. Patients with cirrhosis may be relatively protected from normeperidine toxicity because of impaired formation, but the risk of cumulative toxicity may be greater than in normal subjects because of slower elimination of the metabolite and greater sensitivity to the effects of narcotics on the central nervous system. PMID- 7249504 TI - E- and Z-10-hydroxylation of nortriptyline: relationship to polymorphic debrisoquine hydroxylation. AB - Eight healthy subjects [who were phenotyped with a debrisoquine (D) hydroxylation test] were selected to cover a wide range in the ratio between D and 4 hydroxydebrisoquine (4-OH-D) in the urine. After a single oral dose of nortriptyline (NT) the metabolic clearance by 10-hydroxylation in the E-position, but not in the Z-position, correlated closely to the metabolic ratio D/4-OH-D (rs = -0.88, p less than 0.01). This indicates that common enzymatic mechanisms are involved in the hydroxylation of D and the E- but not the Z-10-hydroxylation of NT. Slow hydroxylators of NT and D excreted less 10-hydroxynortriptyline in urine and had lower plasma clearance of NT than the rapid hydroxylators. The strong correlation (r = 0.96) between the total plasma clearance of NT and the metabolic clearance by E-10-hydroxylation shows that this metabolic reaction is important in the disposition of the drug. PMID- 7249505 TI - Bioassay of a new aldosterone antagonist and evaluation of a simple method of quantitative comparison. AB - The renal antimineralocorticoid activity of single oral doses of a new aldosterone antagonist OH OPC(ME)-K was compared to that of spironolactone in two studies in healthy men. OH OPC(ME)-K reversed the urinary electrolyte response to fludrocortisone in the period up to 16 hr after treatment, but it was less potent than spironolactone on a weight basis. The best estimate of the relative potency of OH OPC(ME)-K: spironolactone (derived from a simple protocol using equal single doses of the two drugs) was 0.60:1 (95% confidence limits 0.24:1 to 1.42:1), in good agreement with the estimate from a more complex three-dose parallel-line bioassay (0.61:1, 95% confidence limits 0.48:1 to 0.79:1). The results of simple single-dose studies can be used, with certain assumptions, to provide a useful estimate of the relative potency of new aldosterone antagonists at an early stage of development. PMID- 7249506 TI - Ketoprofen-aspirin interactions. AB - To assess an interaction between ketoprofen and aspirin we gave both drugs orally, to steady state, to healthy men. Although ketoprofen did not alter salicylate absorption and disposition, we observed that concurrent administration of aspirin decreased ketoprofen protein binding and increased its plasma clearance. Salicylate also appeared to reduce metabolic ketoprofen conversion to conjugates and their renal elimination. The data suggested that salicylate also enhanced the metabolic conversion of ketoprofen to nonconjugate metabolites (p = 0.091). Our findings indicate that the drug-drug interaction between aspirin and ketoprofen is complex. PMID- 7249507 TI - Acetaminophen absorption and metabolism in celiac disease and Crohn's disease. AB - To investigate further the conflicting results in reports of drug absorption in patients with small intestinal mucosal disease, gastric emptying and the disposition of acetaminophen were assessed simultaneously in 41 subjects (13 controls, 12 patients with Crohn's disease, and 16 with celiac disease). Acetaminophen absorption as judged by plasma concentrations and gastric emptying were slower in patients with celiac disease and Crohn's disease. Total drug absorption as indicated by urinary recovery did not differ, but plasma acetaminophen half-life was shorter and glucuronide conjugation was enhanced in the patients with Crohn's disease. Contrary to expectation, the mean rate constant for acetaminophen absorption from the small intestine was not decreased in Crohn's disease and celiac disease. The abnormally slow acetaminophen absorption in the patients with Crohn's or celiac disease could be explained by slower gastric emptying of the drug solution. PMID- 7249508 TI - A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions. PMID- 7249510 TI - Isolation of peptides from uremic plasma that inhibit phenytoin binding to normal plasma proteins. AB - The binding of many drugs to plasma proteins is altered in renal disease. Explanations include hypoproteinemia, alterations in the native structure of the binding protein, and competitive or noncompetitive inhibition. The binding of phenytoin to proteins was studied in plasma from patients with chronic renal failure by equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees. Charcoal adsorption was used to normalize the binding. Substances that appeared to be peptides were isolated; they inhibited the binding of phenytoin to normal plasma proteins. The data suggest that the defect in phenytoin-protein binding in chronic renal failure may be due to competitive or noncompetitive inhibition by peptides. PMID- 7249509 TI - Salicylate metabolite kinetics after several salicylates. AB - Single oral doses of aspirin (ASA, 1,500 mg), sodium salicylate (NaSA, 1,500 mg, 1,200 mg), and salicyluric acid (SUA, 500 mg) were given to five subjects. Serial plasma and urine samples were collected for 24 hr (plasma) and up to 48 hr (urine); salicylic acid (SA), SUA, and gentisic acid (GA) were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. The plasma concentration/time profiles for SUA after ASA and NaSA were fitted to the empirical equation CpSUA = A-Bt-Ce-alpha t - (A-C)e-beta t. Michaelis constants (Vm and Km) for the conversion of SA to SUA were calculated from the equation (formula see text), where Cl is the renal clearance of SUA, ke is the rate constant of elimination of SUA, CpSA is the plasma concentration of salicylic acid. The term Cl (formula see text) is the estimated rate of formation of SUA from SA at any time (t). The calculated values (mean +/- SD) of Vm, Km, and Kmf (Km in terms of unbound SA) were 43.4 +/- 10.1 mg SA/hr, 14.3 +/- 3.4 mg SA/l plasma, and 0.75 +/- 0.15 mg unbound SA/l plasma. The Vm values were in accord with those reported, but the value for Km was considerably lower. Renal clearances of SUA and GA were 340 +/- 51 and 65 +/- 10 ml/min. PMID- 7249511 TI - Analysis of the chest radiograph in Legionnaires' disease. AB - The serial chest radiographic findings of 10 patients with Legionnaires' disease seen in Liverpool during 1980 are described. A unilateral lobar pneumonia was the commonest initial finding. Every lobe was involved, with the lower lobes being the most common. Pleural effusion was present in 30% of the cases. A comparison is made with previously reported series both in the United States and in England. Though no single feature is pathognomonic, the radiographic pattern may aid in early diagnosis. PMID- 7249514 TI - Angiography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of primary lymphoma of the brain. AB - Three patients with primary lymphomas of the brain are presented. The angiographic and computed tomographic (CT) appearances resembled the few cases reported previously. In all three cases angiography showed avascular tumours with little vessel displacement or involvement whereas the CT scans showed large strongly and homogeneously enhancing tumour masses. Neither method alone gives pathognomonic appearances, but taken together angiography and CT should suggest the diagnosis of this rare tumour. PMID- 7249513 TI - The role of computed tomography of the brain in the investigation of breast cancer patients with suspected intracranial metastases. AB - Computed tomography (CT) of the brain has been performed in 60 patients with breast cancer presenting with neurological symptoms suggestive of intracranial metastases, and the findings correlated with clinical features and Technetium (Tc) brain scan when available. Small size of the intracerebral metastases demonstrated by CT was clearly correlated with good clinical response to treatment, and CT was effective in detecting residual tumour. However, the varied CT appearance of intracerebral metastases did not allow differentiation from primary cerebral tumors in those patients with solitary lesions. Tc brain scan was abnormal in most patients with intracerebral metastases, but was less effective than CT in detecting multiple deposits; furthermore, skull deposits frequently made interpretation difficult. Neither test was effective in detecting meningeal infiltration. Careful CT examination of the skull overlying apparent superficial parenchymal lesions permitted the recognition of a group of patients with extradural extension of skull deposits. CT examination of brain increases diagnostic accuracy and provides important prognostic information in patients with intracranial metastases from breast cancer. PMID- 7249512 TI - Computed tomographic appearances in microgliomatosis. AB - The computed tomography (CT) appearances of 11 patients with microgliomatosis have been reviewed, and as a result it is possible to suggest that there may be typical features for the recognition of such tumours. In this series three fairly distinctive patterns were encountered. In view of their reputed response to radiotherapy, there is a strong case for making the diagnosis of such lesions, and CT has given the opportunity of alerting the surgeon and the pathologist to the likelihood of their presence at an early stage. PMID- 7249515 TI - Grey-white matter interface (G-WMI) displacement: a new sign in the computed tomographic diagnosis of subtle subdural haematomas. AB - Subtle and isodense subdural haematomas present difficult problems on computed tomography (CT). The diagnosis is based predominantly on secondary signs of mass effect. A new sign is described, based on the detection of medial displacement of the grey-white matter interface (G-WMI). The presence and validity of this sign was evaluated in 66 cases with surgically proven subdural haematomas (SDH). PMID- 7249517 TI - Cervical cord size in metrizamide myelography. PMID- 7249516 TI - Metrizamide cisternography with hypocycloid and computed tomography in sellar and suprasellar lesions. AB - Metrizamide cisternography with both hypocycloid and computed tomography was performed on 23 patients with a sellar or a suprasellar lesion. The degree of an extrasellar tumour extension or the presence of an empty sella was detected precisely. The procedure was easy to perform and the side-effects were mild to moderate in most patients. When used carefully this diagnostic method provides valuable information when choosing the appropriate treatment for patients with sellar or parasellar lesions. PMID- 7249518 TI - The two types of pyelosinus extravasation. AB - There are two types of extravasation into the renal sinus from the fornices of the calyces; one due to transudation through an intact mucosa and the other due to an actual defect in the calyx. It is suggested that extravasation from the fornices into the renal sinus can occur spontaneously in the absence of obstruction and without a rise in pressure. Truly spontaneous extravasation can occur whether ureteric compression is used or not. PMID- 7249519 TI - Chiba needle in renal puncture guided by real-time ultrasound. AB - A technique for renal cyst and renal pelvic puncture is presented using the Chiba needle guided by real-time ultrasound. Our experience in 10 cases is recorded. The advantages of real-time ultrasound guidance are described, and the value of the technique is illustrated. There were no complications in this small series. PMID- 7249521 TI - Urinary tract complications of total hip replacement. AB - Local complications from arthroplasty of the hip are infrequently reported. Two cases are described illustrating involvement of the urinary tract. PMID- 7249520 TI - Does inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis increase the diagnostic accuracy of the intravenous urogram in renal artery stenosis? AB - Intravenous urography is the standard screening test for renovascular hypertension but there is a significant incidence of false negative and false positive results. In an attempt to improve the detection rate, indomethacin was administered orally to nine patients with renal artery stenosis (proven by arteriography and by divided ureteric function studies) before rapid-series intravenous urography. This urogram was compared independently by two observers with prior similar-series urograms. Indomethacin did not alter diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 7249523 TI - Tuberculous aortoarteritis. AB - Tuberculous aortoarteritis is a distinct entity. Despite the still wide prevalence of active tuberculosis in developing countries, tuberculous aortoarteritis appears to be rare. The vessel is often involved by a direct extension of the disease from adjacent tuberculous tissue. Occasionally it may result from blood-borne seedlings from an active distant focus. True and false aneurysms are the common manifestations. Stenosing and/or constricting types of lesions and perivascular fibrosis have been encountered by us. The probable pathogenesis is discussed with illustrative cases. PMID- 7249522 TI - Gallium-67 scanning in the painful total hip replacement. AB - Pain following total hip replacement is a significant clinical and diagnostic problem. Technetium scanning has proved a sensitive indicator of infection or loosening but does not differentiate between them. This study assessed the value of gallium-67 to aid this differentiation. Thirty patients underwent revision surgery. Fourteen were proven to be infected and 13 had positive gallium scans as also did two patients without infection. The implications of these false interpretations are discussed. Increased gallium activity was correlated with the patterns of the 99mTc scans and arthrographic appearances. It is concluded that gallium-67 scanning is a valuable adjunct to the assessment of the painful hip replacement when infection is suspected. PMID- 7249524 TI - The radiological assessment of arm muscle and fat stores in normal and malnourished patients. AB - Radiological assessment of arm fat and muscle stores was performed in 46 controls and 10 malnourished patients. Values for arm fat and muscle thickness were obtained. In malnourished patients there was no significant correlation between fat estimation from the radiograph and measurement with skinfold calipers. Significant correlation between arm muscle circumference measurement and radiological muscle thickness however was found (P less than 0.05). Radiological assessment of arm muscle is a simple and useful test of muscle protein depletion in malnourished patients. PMID- 7249526 TI - Abscopal regression in lymphoma: a mechanism in common with total body irradiation? AB - The hospital records of 895 patients presenting to this centre with a diagnosis of Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been reviewed. In the records of 26 patients there was evidence for or against the occurrence of abscopal regression with radiotherapy. Attention is drawn to inevitable inaccuracy in a retrospective study of this type. Evidence of abscopal regression was seen in the records of 10 patients, four with Hodgkin's and six with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It appears to be associated with a more favourable prognosis in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is suggested that this phenomenon is elicitable in more patients than is commonly recognised, and that together with response to low dose total body irradiation, could be explained by radiation damage to normal lymphocytes. PMID- 7249525 TI - Ewing's sarcoma: A combined approach in the management. AB - Twenty-seven histologically confirmed cases of localised Ewing's sarcoma were treated by two different regimes. Radiotherapy alone was used in 13 cases and a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 14. Single agent chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide) was given sequentially in nine patients and cyclophosphamide and actinomycin-D in five. There is a significant difference in the response to these different regimes. Only 69.2% of patients treated by radiotherapy alone were disease-free, for a median period of 10.4 months and metastases were noticed in 53.8% of cases. The disease-free survival in patients treated by combination therapy (radiotherapy and chemotherapy) was 18.4 months and metastases were seen in only 42.9%. However, no metastases were seen in patients who received cyclophosphamide and actinomycin-D, during a period of 14 months and only one patient showed residual disease. It is concluded that the addition of cyclophosphamide alone is not adequate in the management of Ewing's sarcoma. Actinomycin-D in addition to cyclophosphamide has improved the disease-free survival period significantly. The optimum dose of radiotherapy and its combination with other chemotherapeutic agents needs further trials to find the best and most suitable schedule. PMID- 7249527 TI - Liver blood flow and oxygen consumption during metabolic acidosis and alkalosis in the greyhound. AB - 1. Hepatic arterial and portal venous blood flow and hepatic oxygen consumption were measured in two groups of greyhounds anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. Flows were measured with electromagnetic flowmeters. 2. In the first group the effects of metabolic acidosis produced by the infusion of a molar solution of lactic acid were studied. In the second group the effects of metabolic alkalosis produced by the infusion of a molar solution of sodium bicarbonate were studied. 3. In the acidotic group hepatic arterial blood flow decreased from 35.2 to 9.6 ml min-1 100 g-1 of liver whereas portal venous blood flow increased from 94.2 to 126.1 ml min-1 100g-1 of liver. Total liver blood flow was unchanged. Hepatic oxygen consumption increased, but not significantly, while hepatic venous oxygen content decreased significantly. Hepatic arterial resistance increased from 1.18 to 2.77 mmHg min-1 ml-1 while peripheral resistance was virtually unchanged. Portal venous pressure increased from 7.08 to 11.6 mmHg. 4. In the alkalotic group portal venous blood flow increased from 112 to 137 ml min-1 100 g-1 of liver. Hepatic arterial blood flow increased, but not significantly. Total liver blood flow increased from 151 to 185 ml min-1 100 mg-1 of liver. There were no significant changes in hepatic oxygen consumption. 5. It is concluded that metabolic acidosis reduces the supply of oxygen to the liver owing to the reduction in hepatic arterial blood flow and is therefore potentially harmful, whereas metabolic alkalosis probably has no biologically significant effect on liver blood flow. PMID- 7249528 TI - The role of histamine receptors in asthma. AB - 1. Eighteen non-asthmatic and 18 asthmatic subjects underwent challenge with increasing doses of histamine from a dosimeter-nebulizer system. Half the subjects in each group were atopic and half non-atopic. Bronchial response was monitored with serial measurements of specific airways conductance (sGaw) and a dose-response curve was constructed for each challenge. In addition, the nine atopic asthmatic patients underwent antigen challenges with a similar technique. In each subject the challenges were repeated, on separate days, after intravenous injections of either sodium chloride solution (150 nmol/l: saline) placebo, chlorpheniramine (an H1-receptor antagonist), cimetidine (an H2-receptor antagonist) or after both antagonists together. Baseline bronchial tone was always comparable within subjects immediately before challenge. 2. Cimetidine had no significant effect on baseline sGaw in any group, whereas chlorpheniramine raised baseline sGaw in the asthmatic subjects. Placebo did not alter the mean dose-response curves for histamine or antigen. However there was a small, but significant, shift of the curves to the right after cimetidine and a much larger shift to the right with chlorpheniramine, whether given alone or with cimetidine. The effect of the histamine antagonists on histamine and antigen responses was very similar and there was no difference in the pattern of response among normal subjects as compared with asthmatics or among atopic as compared with non-atopic subjects. 3. In conclusion, the same pattern of histamine receptors exists in the airways of asthmatic and normal subjects. Histamine-induced bronchoconstriction is mediated predominantly via the H1-receptors, with little, if any, contribution from the H2-receptors. Histamine appears to be an important mediator in the immediate allergic response in airways since this response is blocked by an H1 receptors antagonist. PMID- 7249529 TI - Cardiac function in chronic bronchitis: effects of pacing and plasma expansion. AB - 1. We have investigated left ventricular function in 25 selected patients with chronic bronchitis by use of atrial pacing and plasma volume expansion. Nine subjects had a past history of acute respiratory failure. None had either clinical or electrocardiographic signs of coronary heart disease. Paradoxical pulse was absent, since the difference between the highest and lowest systolic arterial pressure throughout the respiratory cycle was 5.4 +/- 1.5 mmHg. 2. During atrial pacing, at a mean rate of 145 +/- 15, about 80% of the predicted maximal rate, none of the patients showed anginal pain or ventricular repolarization abnormality. Cardiac output remained unchanged compared with control values. 3. Plasma volume expansion was achieved by intravenous injection of 1 litre of gelatin over 30 min. Cardiac output, pulmonary wedge pressure and right atrial pressure rose as reported in literature for normal subjects. In four patients cardiac output did not increase although wedge pressure and right atrial pressure did; two of these four patients also had an overshoot in pulmonary wedge pressure just after atrial pacing, suggesting left ventricular dysfunction. Three out of 25 patients had high control right atrial pressures, probably in relation to impaired right ventricular function. No paradoxical pulse occurred during plasma volume expansion. Therefore competition for space in the pericardium between ventricles was unlikely. 4. Our data suggest that left ventricular dysfunction is rare in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There was no significant difference between subjects with and without a past history of acute respiratory failure. PMID- 7249530 TI - Urine composition in normal subjects after oral ingestion of oxalate-rich foods. AB - 1. Urinary composition was studied in nine healthy adults on unrestricted diet and low-oxalate diet with and without individual oxalate-rich foods. 2. Urine oxalate was constant on the low-oxalate and constant high-oxalate diets and only fluctuated greatly on unrestricted diet. 3. Urine oxalate was mainly due to dietary oxalate which accounts for up to two-thirds of urinary oxalate. 4. Urine oxalate was unaffected by urine volume. 5. Varying percentages of dietary oxalate were absorbed depending on the nature of the foodstuff. 6. Although tea was the main source of dietary oxalate in some people it, like strawberries, did not represent a real risk factor. Chocolates, peanuts, beetroot, rhubarb and spinach were considered as high-risk foods. 7. Calcium oxalate crystalluria at 4 degrees C was increased significantly when the oxalate-rich foods were taken. When urine was examined at 37 degrees C no increase in crystalluria was found. PMID- 7249532 TI - The effect of respiratory muscle fatigue on respiratory sensations. AB - 1. Eight subjects maintained maximal inspiratory pressure as long as possible. The subjects accurately judged the pressure developed, but considered that the sense of effort or motor command increased progressively during the contraction as fatigue developed. 2. A reference inspiratory load was overestimated after maximal inspiratory contractions. 3. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that awareness of the motor command or effort contributes to the estimation of respiratory loads. PMID- 7249531 TI - Role of the malate--aspartate shuttle in renal sodium transport in the rat. AB - 1. Experiments were designed to establish the relationship between renal gluconeogenesis and sodium transport. Six inhibitors of gluconeogenesis, with different sites of action, were tested in the isolated perfused rat kidney in which renal function, and in particular Na+ reabsorption, was followed. 2. In kidneys from fed or starved rats specific inhibitors of gluconeogenesis neither inhibited nor stimulated Na+ reabsorption; gluconeogenesis and sodium reabsorption are therefore independent of one another under these conditions. 3. Inhibitors of transaminase or malic dehydrogenase inhibited gluconeogenesis from lactate and pyruvate respectively; the transaminase inhibitor significantly inhibited oxidation of lactate and glucose. 4. Sodium reabsorption was inhibited by a transaminase inhibitor when glucose or lactate was the sole substrate, and by inhibition of malic dehydrogenase when pyruvate was the substrate. 5. These results indicate that the malate--aspartate shuttle controls Na+ reabsorption in the intact kidney by regulating substrate oxidation (and the provision of energy) rather than by any direct involvement of gluconeogenesis in Na+ transport. PMID- 7249533 TI - Inner medullary osmolality and sodium concentration are decreased in rats during escape from DOCA-induced salt retention. AB - 1. Papillary osmolality and sodium and potassium concentrations were determined in rats during a control period and during escape from the sodium-retaining effect of deoxycorticosterone acetate and compared with the changes observed after acute frusemide injection. 2. During escape, papillary osmolality [554 +/- 36 vs 754 +/- 42 mmol/kg of papillary water (H2O), P less than 0.005] and papillary sodium concentration (131 +/- 7 vs 182 +/- 8 mmol/kg H2O, P less than 0.001) were significantly decreased as compared with the control values, while papillary potassium concentration remained unchanged. 3. Frusemide decreased papillary osmolality to 538 +/- 41 mmol/kg H2O (P less than 0.005), papillary sodium concentration to 125 +/- 9 mmol/kg H2O (P less than 0.001) and papillary potassium concentration from 80 +/- 2 to 69 +/- 3 mmol/kg H2O (P less than 0.05). 4. The present results suggest that medullary portions of the distal tubule (probably the ascending loop of Henle) may represent one site of tubular sodium chloride rejection during escape from the sodium-retaining effect of deoxy corticosterone acetate. PMID- 7249534 TI - Plasma noradrenaline concentration and alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction in normotensive and hypertensive man. AB - 1. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations and blood pressure were measured in 45 patients with essential hypertension and 34 matched normotensive subjects. Plasma noradrenaline was similar in both groups, but in the hypertensive patients plasma noradrenaline correlated with blood pressure. 2. The increase in forearm flow in response to an intra-arterial infusion of phentolamine was determined in 12 of the hypertensive and 14 of the normotensive subjects to assess the alpha adrenoceptor-mediated component of vascular resistance. Although the dilator response to phentolamine was similar in both groups, in the hypertensive patients it was correlated with the control plasma noradrenaline (r = 0.83, P less than 0.01) as well as the height of mean blood pressure (r = 0.73, P less than 0.01). 3. These results suggest that in hypertensive patients plasma noradrenaline can be a marker for both sympathetic activity and the alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated component of vascular resistance. PMID- 7249535 TI - Dependence of transcutaneous oxygen tension on local arteriovenous pressure gradient in normal subjects. AB - 1. We studied the relationship between transcutaneous oxygen tension at the foot and local arteriovenous pressure difference in 15 normal men and women; arteriovenous pressure difference was varied by changing the height of the foot with respect to the heart and by applying external pressure to the foot. 2. Control transcutaneous oxygen tension was 67 +/- 9 SD mmHg (8.9 +/- 1.2 kPa) at a control arteriovenous pressure difference of 80 +/- 6 SD mmHg (10.6 +/- 0.8 kPa). 3. In every subject transcutaneous oxygen tension fell non-linearly with a decrease in arteriovenous pressure difference; transcutaneous oxygen tension was relatively insensitive to changes in arteriovenous pressure difference when arteriovenous pressure difference was high, but always fell sharply to zero at some positive arteriovenous pressure difference [range 13-34 mmHg (1.7-4.5 kPa)]. 4. An analysis of the data indicated that transcutaneous oxygen tension varied with arteriovenous pressure difference approximately as the oxygen tension of cutaneous venous blood under the sensor varied (in the absence of changes in cutaneous vascular resistance and oxygen consumption). 5. This analysis was supported by studies in three subjects in whom the oxygen tension of superficial venous drainage from a warmed hand or foot was measured along with transcutaneous oxygen tension while arteriovenous pressure difference was varied. PMID- 7249536 TI - Serial estimations of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity in intrapulmonary haemorrhage. AB - 1. Serial estimations of the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, with a standard single-breath technique, were used to assist the monitoring of disease activity in patients at risk from intrapulmonary haemorrhage. 2. A reversible rise in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide per unit alveolar volume (DLCO/VA) of 50% or more above baseline values was detected on 61 occasions and in the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) alone on 45 occasions in 39 patients. 3. Concurrent with these rises in DLCO/VA or DLCO, two or more traditional indicators of intrapulmonary haemorrhage (haemoptysis, abrupt fall in haemoglobin concentration, chest X-ray opacities) were found on 47 occasions. 4. In the appropriate clinical context, acute reversible rises in DLCO/VA or DLCO reflect active intrapulmonary haemorrhage. PMID- 7249537 TI - The contribution of upper airway and inspiratory muscle mechanisms to the detection of pressure changes at the mouth in normal subjects. AB - 1. With standard psychophysical techniques the ability of normal subjects to detect negative pressures applied at the mouth was estimated. 2. The ability to detect changes in pressure when confined to the upper airway by closure of the glottis was less than when the pressures were transmitted below the glottis and were actively overcome by inspiratory muscle contraction. 3. The ability to detect changes in pressure with the glottis open was also impaired by passive ventilation and vibration of the chest. 4. Our results imply that the most sensitive mechanism for the detection of negative pressures applied at the mouth involves afferent information from active inspiratory muscle contraction. PMID- 7249538 TI - The effect of combined ischaemia and acidosis on lactate uptake and gluconeogenesis in the perfused rat liver. AB - 1. Perfused rat livers were subjected to an acid perfusate and varying degrees of ischaemia in an attempt to simulate the conditions of strenuous exercise or shock. 2. Lactate uptake and glucose output from the liver decreased during moderate ischaemia alone and more so when, in addition, the perfusate was made acidic. 3. Hepatic ATP and ADP content increased in the presence of an acid perfusate. 4. It is concluded that both ischaemia and acidosis may contribute to the diminished hepatic uptake of lactic acid in strenuous exercise and shock. PMID- 7249539 TI - The effect of adrenaline on hepatic lactate uptake in the acidotic partially ischaemic rat liver. AB - 1. The effect of adrenaline (7 X 10(-8) and 7 X 10(-7) mol/l) on lactate uptake and glucose output was studied in the perfused liver of starved rats under conditions of reduced flow and acid perfusate. 2. Adrenaline largely prevented the decrease in hepatic lactate uptake which would otherwise occur owing to reduced blood flow and acidosis and may, therefore, have a protective effect in strenuous exercise and shock. PMID- 7249540 TI - Effect of magnesium deficiency and excess on renal tubular potassium transport in the rat. AB - 1. Dietary magnesium deficiency is commonly associated with significant potassium depletion although the mechanisms responsible are unknown. Because the kidney has an important role in both magnesium and potassium homeostasis, clearance and micropuncture experiments were performed on thyroparathyroidectomized magnesium deficient, normal and hypermagnesaemic rats to study the effect of body magnesium status on renal potassium handling. 2. Dietary magnesium restriction that reduced total-body magnesium by 30% did not alter renal potassium excretion despite a 10% reduction in total-body potassium. Graded magnesium infusions increased the fractional excretion of potassium in both magnesium-depleted and normal rats. However, the increase in the dietary depleted group was significantly less than in the control group (5-10 and then 13% compared with 7-19 and then 28% respectively). These changes in urine potassium excretion followed alterations in distal-tubule function. Parathyroid hormone did not alter potassium excretion in any of the experimental groups in contrast with its effect on magnesium excretion. 3. These data support the concept of distal tubular control of renal potassium homeostasis. The body magnesium status appears to exert some control over cellular potassium content and to alter indirectly distal-tubule potassium excretion. PMID- 7249541 TI - Relations between sodium transport and sodium concentration in human erythrocytes in health and disease. AB - 1. We have examined the inter-relationships between erythrocyte sodium content and sodium transport in a group of healthy subjects and in groups of patients with disorders known to change the sodium content of erythrocytes. 2. In the healthy subjects the sodium content of erythrocytes was inversely related to both the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane to sodium (as measured by the unidirectional, ouabain-sensitive, sodium efflux) and the total activity of the sodium pumps (as measured by the rate constant of ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux). There was a correlation between the total activity of the sodium pumps and the membrane permeability to sodium. 3. Changes in the erythrocyte sodium content were due to a decrease in the activity of the sodium pumps (as in hypokalaemia and digoxin treatment), or a decrease in the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane to sodium (as in chronic renal failure) or a reduction of both the membrane permeability and the number of sodium pumps (as in hyperthyroidism or elderly patients). 4. One interpretation of the results in the healthy subjects is that there are two components of sodium influx; one associated with the sodium pumps in what we have called 'membrane-units' and the other determined by the ground permeability of the membrane. 5. On the basis of this model we suggest that in the geriatric and hyperthyroid patients there is a reduction in the number of 'membrane-units', that in hypokalaemia and during digoxin treatment there is inhibition of the sodium-pump component of the 'membrane-units' and that in chronic renal failure there is a decrease in the permeability of the membrane to sodium. PMID- 7249542 TI - Deamination of adenosine 5'-phosphate and adenosine as a possible source of ammonia in human and bovine parotid glands. AB - 1. The liberation of ammonia from adenosine 5'-phosphate (AMP) and adenosine and the release of inorganic phosphate from AMP were investigated in homogenates of bovine and human parotid glands. 2. Adenosine phosphate deaminase (AMP deaminase) was purified from bovine and human parotid glands. The enzyme preparations obtained were free from adenosine deaminase and 5'-nucleotidase activities. 3. AMP incubated with human parotid gland homogenate produced inosine 5'-phosphate, adenosine, inosine and ammonia. The amount of ammonia accumulating in the incubation mixture was equal to the sum of inosine 5'-phosphate plus inosine. 4. These results demonstrate the presence in human parotid of AMP deaminase and adenosine deaminase. PMID- 7249544 TI - Effects of rest, exercise and warming on serum creatine kinase levels in primary hypothyroidism. AB - 1. Serum creatine kinase and oral temperature were measured in 20 patients with primary hypothyroidism before and after 48 h bed rest. Fifteen of these patients were heated during the 48 h period. The remaining five acted as control subjects. In addition, creatine kinase and oral temperature were measured in five control subjects after a 30 min period of exercise and again after a 30 min period of resting. 2. The oral temperature rose and the serum creatine kinase levels fell only in those patients who were actively warmed. In the control subjects the period of exercise followed by resting caused no significant change in creatine kinase levels. 3. A subnormal body temperature appears to be an important determinant of the raised serum creatine kinase levels seen in patients with primary hypothyroidism. PMID- 7249545 TI - Regional blood flow in borderline and sustained essential hypertension. AB - 1. Cardiac output, lower-limb blood flow, hepatic and renal blood flows were studied in 16 patients with borderline and 16 patients with sustained essential hypertension and compared with 16 age-matched control subjects. 2. In borderline hypertension cardiac output and lower-limb blood flow were significantly elevated, while hepatic and renal blood flows were within the normal range. Cardiac output and lower-limb blood flow were positively correlated. 3. In sustained hypertension cardiac output, lower-limb blood flow and hepatic blood flow were within the normal range. Renal blood flow was significantly reduced. Lower-limb blood flow was negatively correlated with mean arterial pressure. 4. If borderline hypertension is an early stage of fixed hypertension, the present study suggests that the changes in cardiac output observed in hypertension are mainly related to lower-limb (and muscle) blood flow. PMID- 7249543 TI - Airway and metabolic responsiveness to intravenous salbutamol in asthma: effect of regular inhaled salbutamol. AB - 1. Airway, metabolic and cyclic nucleotide responses to intravenous salbutamol were measured in five patients with mild asthma who had taken no medication in the week before the study. The studies were repeated after the patient had taken regular inhaled salbutamol for 4 weeks, in doses increasing to 2000 micrograms daily in week 4. 2. The pretreatment airway, metabolic and cyclic nucleotide responses to salbutamol were similar to those previously reported in normal subjects. These patients therefore did not show evidence of partial beta adrenoceptor blockade. 3. After 4 weeks' salbutamol therapy the airway response to intravenous salbutamol was unchanged. 4. The glucose, pyruvate and adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) responses to intravenous salbutamol were depressed after regular salbutamol administration. The dose-response curve for non-esterified fatty acids and insulin, though displaced downwards, did not indicate an impaired response to salbutamol since the shape was unchanged. There was no significant change in the lactate, glycerol and total ketone response. 5. This study confirms that tissues differ in the ease with which they develop resistance to beta-adrenoceptor agonists. Asthmatic airways appear to be relatively protected from developing assistance when compared with other tissues in asthmatic patients and when compared with the airways of normal subjects. PMID- 7249546 TI - A method for assessing responses of small arteries in man: effect of physiological and pharmacological stimuli. AB - 1. A method has been developed for estimating resistance to blood flow in the collateral arteries around the elbow. Arterial pressure is recorded continuously from the radial artery and blood flow in the forearm and hand is measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. The brachial artery is occluded for short periods, and the pressure drop across the collaterals and the flow through them are determined. From these observations an index of resistance can be calculated. 2. During 2 min occlusions of the brachial artery, collateral arterial resistance fell progressively to reach a level that was on average 45% lower than the initial resistance (P less than 0.01). 3. There was an inverse relation between distending pressure in the collateral arteries and calculated resistance. 4. Ergotamine tartrate (0.25 mg intravenously) increased collateral resistance by an average of 135%. Glyceryl trinitrate (0.5 mg sublingually) reduced collateral resistance by an average of 45%. Hydrallazine and isoprenaline had an inconsistent dilator effect; the direct action of these drugs may have been offset by the reduction in distending pressure which they induced. 5. The elbow collateral arteries provide a useful model for studying physiological and pharmacological responses of small limb arteries in man. PMID- 7249547 TI - Systemic and forearm haemodynamic and metabolic effects of racemic propranolol or D-propranolol in healthy subjects. AB - 1. The immediate haemodynamic and metabolic effects of intravenous administration of DL-propranolol and D-propranolol were studied in healthy male subjects at rest and during dynamic forearm exercise. The dose of DL-propranolol and of D propranolol was 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg body weight respectively. 2. DL-Propranolol reduced heart rate significantly at rest, during forearm exercise and post exercise, whereas D-propranolol had a lesser effect on heart rate which was significant only at the end of the exercise period. Arterial blood pressure and forearm blood flow were unchanged after either drug. 3. Both drugs reduced the release of lactate from the exercising forearm. Forearm exchange of oxygen, glucose, free fatty acids and triglycerides remained unchanged. 4. The arterial blood glucose concentration increased after D-propranolol, but was unchanged after DL-propranolol. The arterial serum free fatty acid concentration decreased after DL-propranolol, but was not changed after D-propranolol. Arterial concentrations of lactate and triglycerides were not influenced by the drugs. 5. The chronotropic response to beta-adrenoceptor blockade appears to be stereoselective, suggesting specific blockade of beta-adrenoceptors. Metabolic responses to beta-adrenoceptor blockade are difficult to explain in terms of the known adrenoceptor system and may be due to non-specific actions of beta adrenoceptor antagonists. An exception is inhibition of lipolysis, which is probably mediated via beta-adrenoceptors. PMID- 7249548 TI - Normal urinary protein composition in the female Wistar rat and its relationship to the proteinuria induced by intraperitoneal bovine albumin. AB - 1. Normal female Wistar rats showed a wide range of baseline protein excretion and albuminuria and could be divided into two distinct groups: (a) low-to intermediate excretors, where daily baseline albumin excretion was below 1.8 mg/24 h and (b) high excretors, where daily baseline albumin excretion was 1.8-22 mg/24 h. 2. In low-to-intermediate excretors "sex-associated' by urinary specific proteins, supposedly present only in male rat urine, were excreted in larger quantities than albumin which constituted only 10-15% of the total urinary protein. 3. In high excretors up to 50% of the urinary protein was albumin and other serum proteins were also present in relatively larger quantities than the urinary specific proteins. 4. Baseline albumin excretion appeared to be a good indicator of the inherent efficiency of the glomerular filter and this was reflected in the response to intraperitoneal injection of heterologous serum albumin since, during periods where no significant glomerular epithelial cell foot-process loss had been incurred, the levels of proteinuria induced correlated well with baseline albuminuria. PMID- 7249549 TI - Differential toxicity and pharmacokinetics of sodium and Tris salts of 5 fluorouracil in the rat. AB - 1. Rats injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with the Tris salt of 5-fluorouracil (1.44 mmol/kg) showed severe toxic symptoms and a 15% mortality. No mortality and no obvious toxicity, apart from intestinal toxicity, resulted after injection of the sodium salt at equimolar dosage. 2. The plasma pharmacokinetics of the two salts of 5-fluorouracil (1.44 mmol/kg) were different after i.p. injection: higher plasma levels were achieved and were sustained for longer after the Tris salt than after the sodium salt. 3. No differences in plasma pharmacokinetics were observed after intra-arterial (i.a.) injection of the two salts of 5 fluorouracil (6.576 mmol/kg). 4. Thus there are fundamental (and potentially important) differences between the biological properties of the sodium and Tris salts of 5-fluorouracil. These cannot be explained at present. PMID- 7249550 TI - [Asp1, Val5] angiotensin-(1-8)octapeptide does not stimulate aldosterone secretion in sodium-depleted sheep. AB - 1. To test the hypothesis that [Asp1,Val5]-angiotensin-(1-8)octapeptide ([Asp1,Val5]ANG II) is a more potent agonist to aldosterone secretion in the sodium-depleted animal than is [Asn1,Val5]angiotensin-(1-8)octapeptide ([Asn1,Val5]ANG II), local adrenal arterial infusion of the two peptides has been carried out in sheep with cervical adrenal autotransplants. 2. Neither [Asp1,Val5]ANG II nor [Asn1,Val5]-ANG II further stimulated the increased level of aldosterone secretion in conscious moderately sodium-depleted sheep. Greater sodium deficiency further increased aldosterone secretion. 3. The conclusion of Campbell, Schmitz & Itskovitz [Clinical Science (1979), 56, 325-333] that the free acid form of angiotensin II was a more potent agonist of aldosterone secretion than was the amide form under conditions of reduced sodium status is not supported by studies in sodium-depleted sheep. PMID- 7249551 TI - Changes in vascular ionic composition at different stages of DOC-salt hypertension in the rat. AB - 1. Sequential changes in the ionic composition of the aorta and skeletal muscle were followed during 1, 2 and 4-6 weeks in 30 rats given deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and salt supplemented with potassium chloride. Twenty-one rats, drinking water, were used as controls. 2. Twenty-five per cent of the test rats were hypertensive after 1 week, 60% after 2 weeks and 100% after 4-6 weeks. 3. Muscle potassium fell in all test rats by an average of 15%. In contrast, aortic potassium fell by 19% only in those rats which did not develop hypertension after 1 week. 4. Total and non-inulin sodium and water of the aorta were normal in rats which remained normotensive after 1 or 2 weeks and high in those which became hypertensive during the same period. 5. Total sodium and water content of the aorta were also high in rats which were hypertensive at 4-6 weeks. However, because of simultaneous expansion of the inulin space, non-inulin fractions were normal in this group. 6. Results suggest that vascular ionic changes participate in the pathogenesis of DOC-salt hypertension through more than a single mechanism. PMID- 7249553 TI - Intestinal glucose transport in acute viral enteritis in piglets. AB - 1. We studied intestinal glucose transport in pigs during the acute and convalescent phases of an invasive viral enteritis, transmissible gastroenteritis. 2. When diarhoea was severe 40 h after experimental infection, net absorption of glucose, Na+ and water, measured by marker perfusion in the jejunum, was reduced; the enhancement of Na+ and water absorption in response to increasing perfusate glucose concentrations up to 120 mmol/l was diminished compared with the response observed in control and convalescent pigs. 3. Measured in vitro, 40 h after infection, unidirectional fluxes of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose across the jejunal epithelium were reduced and net absorption of the sugar was obliterated. Phlorizin (0.05 mmol/l), which completely inhibited net 3-O-methyl-D glucose absorption in control tissue, had no significant effect on transmissible gastroenteritis jejunum. 4. Our data suggest that in this invasive viral enteritis, which closely resembles human rotavirus enteritis, glucose absorption is impaired as a result of defects in both active and passive glucose flux. 5. Differences between the mechanisms of viral diarrhoea, demonstrated by our study and those of the enterotoxigenic diarrhoeas, should be taken into consideration in formulating active therapeutic measures for children with acute viral diarrhoea. PMID- 7249555 TI - Leucocyte ATP and renal failure. AB - 1. We have measured adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels in isolated leucocyte suspensions from patients with renal failure. 2. Leucocyte ATP is reduced in these patients, unlike erythrocyte ATP which is known to be elevated in uraemia. 3. The relevance of reduced leucocyte ATP to the abnormalities of cation transport and cell function which occur in uraemia is discussed. PMID- 7249554 TI - Glycogen-depletion patterns with isometric and isokinetic exercise in patients after leg injury. AB - 1. The glycogen-depletion patterns were studies as a measure of muscle-fibre recruitment in patients after leg injuries (fractures, ligament injuries). Intermittent isometric and dynamic isokinetic knee extension were performed with 30 and 50% of the maximal isometric torque of the injured leg. In a third group isokinetic and dynamic exercise with weights were compared by using maximal effort procedures. 2. The 30% maximal voluntary contraction programme, which corresponded to 16% of maximal voluntary contraction of the non-injured leg, resulted in glycogen depletion of type I fibres, which was significant only in the isometric exercise. In the 50% maximal voluntary contraction programme (41% of maximal voluntary contraction of the non-injured leg) depletion of type II fibres dominated and was significant with isometric exercises. In the maximal effort programmes there was a significant depletion of type II fibres. 3. Subjects with a relatively large reduction in strength or a small number of type I fibres demonstrated more depletion of these fibres than other subjects. 4. In patients with moderately reduced muscle strength and muscle fibre atrophy static or dynamic exercises using at least 50% of the actual maximal voluntary contraction can thus be used to recruit and train type II fibres. PMID- 7249552 TI - Urinary ligandin and glutathione-S-transferase in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat. AB - 1. Eight rats developed detectable glutathione-S-transferase activity in their urine after three daily injections of toxic doses of gentamicin. 2. Seven of the eight rats had immunodetectable ligandin in their urine at this time. 3. The level of enzyme activity correlated well with the degree of elevation of serum creatinine. 4. This confirms ligandinuria and urinary glutathione-S-transferase as markers of acute renal proximal tubular injury. PMID- 7249556 TI - Regulation of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D-1 alpha-hydroxylase in chick isolated renal tubules: effects of prostaglandin E2, frusemide and acetylsalicylic acid. AB - 1. Isolated renal tubules were prepared from vitamin D-deficient chicks. The effects of added prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and agents which modify prostaglandin metabolism on the metabolism of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 were studied. 2. Frusemide (0.1 mmol/l) raised the prostaglandin E (PGE) content of the tubule incubation medium; it significantly increased 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] production from 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 [25-(OH)D3] and significantly inhibited the net production of 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [24,25-(OH)2D3]. 3. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin; 0.1 mmol/l) decreased the PGE content of the tubule incubation medium and significantly inhibited 1,25-(OH)2D3 production. 4. In the presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3, 4 h exposure of tubules from vitamin D-deficient chicks to concentrations of PGE2 between 2.8 X 10(-6) and 2.8 X 10(-8) mol/l significantly enhanced 1,25-(OH)2D3 production. 5. It is concluded that, in view of the effects of modulation of endogenous prostaglandin levels by frusemide in aspirin, and the stimulatory effect of exogenous PGE2, prostaglandins should be considered potential regulators of the renal 25-hydroxy-vitamin D-1 alpha-hydroxylase [25 (OH)D-1 alpha-hydroxylase] enzyme. PMID- 7249557 TI - Pattern of breathing during cigarette smoking. AB - 1. Recordings were made of the pattern of breathing during and after smoking a cigarette in 14 smokers and nine non-smokers. 2. The most consistent effect was an increase in tidal volume during smoking which reverted to baseline over 1-2 min. Changes in breath times were smaller and less consistent. Similar effects were observed with intermittent inhalations of charcoal. 3 In four subjects the tidal volume response was significantly decreased by oropharyngeal and laryngeal anaesthesia with lignocaine. 4. Filtration of particulate matter from the cigarette smoke delayed the onset of changes in tidal volume. 5. The changes probably represent an irritant response with stimulation at laryngeal or oropharyngeal level. PMID- 7249558 TI - The influence of a combined oral contraceptive pill and menstrual cycle phase on digital microvascular haemodynamics. AB - 1. Nailfold capillary pressure, digital blood flow and skin temperature have been measured on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the menstrual cycle in 10 women on a combined oral contraceptive pill and 10 control subjects with normal menstrual cycles. 2. Capillary pressure and digital blood flow were statistically significantly higher in the group taking an oral contraceptive pill compared with control subjects. 3. Capillary pressure values for women failed to show the same positive correlation with skin temperature previously described in normal men. 4. The results are interpreted as evidence for a powerful modulating influence of sex steroids on digital microvascular haemodynamics. PMID- 7249559 TI - Cost-containment medical education: Colorado's strategy. PMID- 7249560 TI - Problematic skin cancer. Treatment by microscopically controlled excision. PMID- 7249561 TI - Critical care monitoring. PMID- 7249563 TI - Comparison of Channelyser and Model S Plus determined platelet size measurements. AB - A comparison has been made between Coulter Counter ZBI/Channelyser C1000 derived platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet crit (PCT) with similar measurements generated by the Coulter counter Model S Plus. Correlations of PDW and MPV from the two systems are poor; that for PCT is acceptable. The differing results can almost certainly be attributed to physical differences in the measurement systems. PMID- 7249562 TI - IgE lambda paraproteinaemia associated with a pleomorphic lymphoproliferative disorder. AB - A new case of IgE lambda paraproteinaemia is described in which the immunoproliferative disorder was lympho-plasmacytoid, rather than myelomatous in type. The patient, an 81-year-old woman, lacked both organomegaly and bone lesions. The peripheral white blood count was 30 X 10(9)/l (43% lymphocytes and 37% lymphoplasmacytoid cells) and the bone marrow was heavily infiltrated with mononuclear cells with 50% lymphocytes and 50% lymphoplasmacytoid cells). Detailed immunological marker analysis of both peripheral blood and marrow showed an increased population of morphologically normal T cells, together with neoplastic population of B cells. The neoplastic cells were shown to re-express surface immunoglobulin after stripping with anti-E anti-serum, and to synthesis Ig in radio-incorporation experiments. The immunological characteristics of the neoplastic cells are considered in relation to B-cell maturation and it is shown that the immunological phenotype was of the intermediate type to be expected in association with a lympho-plasmacytoid proliferation. PMID- 7249565 TI - A computerized thalassaemia service. PMID- 7249564 TI - Spontaneous remission following bone marrow necrosis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 7249566 TI - Polycythaemic discrepancy. PMID- 7249567 TI - The value of radioisotopic assays for "serum B12" in the diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency disorders. PMID- 7249568 TI - [Calcium-2,2'-disulfohexanoate in the treatment of liver diseases: study of a series of 15 patients]. PMID- 7249569 TI - [Carducci's fever: clinical and therapeutic study]. PMID- 7249571 TI - [The use of difenpiramide in local or circumscribed inflammation in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 7249570 TI - [Evaluation of the combination of atenolol and indapamide in the therapy of arterial hypertension (with data concerning toxicity and tolerance in the experimental animal)]. PMID- 7249572 TI - [Long-term effects of a glycosaminoglycan on plasma lipids]. PMID- 7249574 TI - Respiratory syncytial virus. PMID- 7249573 TI - [Cimetidine and primary hyperparathyroidism: failure of reduction of blood levels of parathyroid hormone in 5 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7249575 TI - Pulmonary edema. PMID- 7249576 TI - Ambiguities and inaccuracies in the notification system for tuberculosis in England and Wales. PMID- 7249578 TI - Small area analysis and health service research. PMID- 7249577 TI - Role of non-attendance statistics in assessing the efficiency of geriatric day hospitals. PMID- 7249580 TI - The future of community medicine. A report by a Working Party of the Welsh Affairs Committee of the Faculty of Community Medicine. PMID- 7249581 TI - Health economists and the NHS: a comment. PMID- 7249579 TI - Use of "interim results" files to facilitate analysis of large sets of data: with reference to Hospital Activity Analysis. PMID- 7249582 TI - Training: training in communicable disease epidemiology: the contribution of the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre of the Public Health Laboratory Service. PMID- 7249583 TI - Information sources for planning and evaluating adult psychiatric services. PMID- 7249585 TI - The impact of community care on the public response to the mentally handicapped. PMID- 7249584 TI - Inequalities in health. PMID- 7249586 TI - Control of routine radioimmunoassays: a computer program for calculation of control charts for precision and accuracy. PMID- 7249587 TI - Variance function estimation for immunoassays. AB - A computer program is described which implements a recently described [1], modified likelihood method of determining an appropriate weighting function to use when fitting immunoassay dose-response curves. The relationship between the variance of the response and its mean value is assumed to have an exponential form, and the best fit to this model is determined from the within-set variability of many small sets of repeated measurements. The program estimates the parameter of the exponential function with its estimated standard error, and tets the fit of the experimental data to the proposed model. Output options include a list of the actual and fitted standard deviation of the set of responses, a plot of actual and fitted standard deviation against the mean response, and an ordered list of the 10 sets of data with the largests ratios of actual to fitted standard deviation. The program has been designed for a laboratory user without computing or statistical expertise. The test-of-fit has proved valuable for identifying outlying responses, which may be excluded from further analysis by being set to negative values in the input file. PMID- 7249588 TI - A program for non-linear regression analysis to be used on desk-top computers. AB - A simple program for non-linear regression analysis, based upon the strategy of evolution, is described. It should run on any minicomputer (even on "personal computers') if a BASIC interpreter is available. It can easily be modified for the both the type of function and the "best fitting' condition. PMID- 7249589 TI - Two-compartment Markov regression analysis. AB - This paper presents a computer program for estimating transition rates between states in a two-compartment Markov process, where the rates are functions of covariates. Parameters are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood using the Newton-Raphson iterative procedure. The program provides statistics for testing hypotheses concerning regression coefficients and calculates observed versus expected values in order to assess the fit of the model to the data. PMID- 7249591 TI - A program for discrimination based on continuous variables. AB - Given independent sets of observations from each of two multivariate normal distributions and common covariance matrix, the program estimates: (1) the discriminating power of each variate in terms of its error rate; (2) the linear discriminant function (LDF): coefficients, error rate, allocation rule and test of goodness; (3) the quadratic discriminant function: allocation rule on the assumption of heterogeneity of dispersion matrices. PMID- 7249590 TI - Transfer function matrix of a compartmental model. A program for the rapid writing of its symbolic expression. AB - A method for the fast writing of the symbolic expression of the transfer function matrix of a compartmental model has been implemented on a FORTRAN G program. Special care has been devoted to the reduction of computations and memory by means of original subroutines. The program input is very simple and the output very clear to general users. The program may be employed for the study of all input-output relations of he considered compartmental model. Details on the computational methods adopted for its implementation are given. Application examples are reported. PMID- 7249592 TI - Discrimination and allocation using a mixture of discrete and continuous variables with some empty states. AB - The likelihood ratio classification rule based on the location mode is estimated given: (1) data consist of both binary and continuous variables; (2) some states have either zero frequency or too few observations, the case that usually happens the practice. An iterative proportional fitting of convenient approximation of the log-linear models as well as a linear additive model are utilized in estimating the rule's parameters. Performance of the obtained rule is then assessed by estimated error rates. PMID- 7249593 TI - REDCE: a computer program for the analysis of red cell survival data. AB - A computer program for the analysis of red cell survival data is described. Experimental data are used to estimate the parameters of seven models of derived from different hypotheses on the red cell destruction process. The program includes statistical tests for the reliability of the estimated parameter values and the bias due to the poor model. A set of criteria for selecting between models is given. The results obtained from simulated and red data are reported and discussed. PMID- 7249594 TI - A computer model for hydrodynamic shearing of DNA-further investigation on distribution of break lengths: Part III. AB - The distribution of breaks along The DNA strand in hydrodynamic shearing is unknown, and there is no real-world experiment which could directly determine this distribution. This paper presents an extension of the simulation model for hydrodynamic shearing of DNA reported in [1,2]. An empirical model is presented showing a good linear relationship between LAMBDA * and number of fragments from each original strand. The average strand length is directly proportional to the number of fragments per strand. The traditional assumption of uniform random breaks along the DNA strand is supported by this model. PMID- 7249595 TI - A new approach to the computation of indices of paternity. AB - This paper describes an algorithm to calculate several indices of paternity (combination frequency, paternity likelihood (Y/X) and paternity exclusion probability (E) for father-mother-child combination (trio) as well as father child combination (duo). This program is written in FORTRAN IV and applicable to any kinds of blood group systems such as Rh and HLA. The characteristic points of the present method are as follows: First, the relation between genotypes and phenotypes is given in a straightforward way by introducing a translational matrix. Secondly, by a unit run on a computer, several indices of paternity are tabulated for all kinds of combinations of trio as well as duo. Finally, the efficiency of diagnosis of a certain system is listed by calculating the distribution of log (Y/X). PMID- 7249596 TI - Using BMDP and SPSS for a Q factor analysis. AB - While Euclidean distances and Q factor analysis may sometimes be preferred to correlation coefficients and cluster analysis for developing a typology, commercially available software does not always facilitate their use. Commands are provided for using BMDP and SPSS in a Q factor analysis with Euclidean distances. PMID- 7249597 TI - Interactive display of molecular models using a microcomputer system. AB - An interactive graphics display system (IGDS) which presents perspective views of wire frame models is described. The display unit is a microprocessor driven TERAK 8510a system with a grid of 320 . 240 points. A brief discussion of the hardware is given. While the system is quite general - it can draw a perspective view of any type of wire frame model - emphasis here is on molecular models. The graphics software has been written in UCSD PASCAL. The program employs traditional computer graphics algorithms available in the literature, The data structure used by the program was designed to occupy minimal disk storage space. Data files can be constructed locally or can obtained through a communications link with with a central computer facility. Despite the inherent slowness (due to matrix operations being performed by the software calculations rather than hardware), the low cost of the system suggests general applicability. The program is easy to use, interactive, and produces good results from systems up to 200 points. PMID- 7249598 TI - Verification and standardization of cephalometric coordinate data. AB - This paper presents the details and logic of the FORTRAN computer programs designed to verify the accuracy of digitized coordinate data arising form cephalometric radiographs, prior to entry into a databank. In addition, the software accounts for varying magnifications of the radiographs which result from the use of different cephalometers, Finally, data from all records are oriented in the same coordinate system, thus standardization of the data has been accomplished. As a result of the two programs, the user may be guaranteed accurate and comparable data for any or all records contained in the databank. PMID- 7249599 TI - A computerized system for describing the tests offered by a clinical laboratory. AB - A system has been developed which allows for the easy display of information concerning tests performed in the clinical laboratory. The system is designed for use at nursing stations as well as in the clinical laboratory. The information which can be displayed includes: 1) general information, such as sample type, tube type and minimum sample volume; (2) price charged for the test; (3) special instructions, such as sample transportation, hours when test is available, and sample collection information; (4) normal or reference values for the results. The programs are written in FORTRAN IV and, together with the data files, require 422 kilobytes of storage space. PMID- 7249600 TI - Storage and retrieval of coded patient diagnoses and data on a clinical laboratory computer system. AB - A system has been developed which allows for easy storage and retrieval of patient diagnoses using ICD-9-CM codes. Entered codes are automatically interpreted by the computer and then both the code and the interpretation are stored as in integral part of the patient record. Teaching clinicians may use an automated, keyword-search algorithm to display the code for a diagnosis of interest and then use that code to find any hospitalized patient with such a primary or secondary diagnosis. Entered diagnoses automatically appear on worksheets in the clinical laboratory. Retrospective studies also may be performed whenever a pathologist wants to compare diagnoses with laboratory results. PMID- 7249601 TI - A fast microcomputer language for signal acquisition, processing and display. AB - Data Acquisition and Display (DAD) language was designed to facilitate the application of 8080- and Z80-based microcomputers to problems involving signal acquisition, processing and display. DAD supports instructions that are similar to those BASIC but also has instructions found in the structured programming languages. Implemented as an interactive compiler and designed around a hardware arithmetic processing unit interfaced to the S100 bus, DAD executes its instructions considerably faster than most high-level languages. DAD supports floating point, double-precision integer and an additional single-byte-integer data structure for the acquisition and processing of 8-bit resolution data. DAD interfaces with peripherals that use the unsigned-magnitude or 2'-s-complement data format. A hardware programmable interval timer supplies accurate timing for many of DAD's instructions. DAD operates under and relies upon the CP/M operating system for its console and disk file input/output. PMID- 7249602 TI - Data structures for medical documentation. AB - The paper describes a method to construct data base structures for patient related documentation. The data base structures are formed over suitable classes. Functional dependences are only investigated regarding these classes. Structuring items by means of arbitrary relations are possible, too. The results are well formed flexible data structures which can serve as a common functional basis for many documentation projects. PMID- 7249603 TI - A computerized data base system for medical diagnostic studies (Diastu). AB - A computerized database system (DIASTU) has been developed for the storage and selective retrieval of the results of medical diagnostic studies. The system is being used to analyze the disease process and the efficacy and yield of selected diagnostic studies. The system runs on a DEC PDP-11/60 computer. It consists of three FORTRAN IV programs linked to a general-purpose assembly language database handler. One program, DSENT, interactively modifies the information in the database. The second, DSLIST, prints all or portions of the database. The third program, DSTAT, interactively assembles the parameters for selective searches of the database and executes them. A query language is used that allows the use of time and size specifications and Boolean operators in nested loops. PMID- 7249604 TI - Interactive computer system for monitoring multiphasic health screening. AB - In an on-going population screening investigation at the Department of Preventive Medicine in Malmo, an interactive computer system has been developed for monitoring: (i) the electron and invitation of the health screening population; (ii) on-line registration and representation of demographic informations, test results and questionnaires; (iii) generation of the patient files and other listings; (iv) systems for diagnostic and statistical processing and representation. Ten thousand health screening investigations have now been monitored by the system, which is described in this report. PMID- 7249605 TI - A prospective health register for children 0-7 years of age. AB - This paper describes a computerized register for supervising the health of children under 8 years of age. The register also serves as a source of information for planning the work at the child health centers. Experiences from its use after its introduction in 1975 are discussed. The paper is written both from a computer-technical and a medical-administrative point of view. PMID- 7249606 TI - Computer programs for the radioactive microsphere technique. Determination of regional blood flows and other haemodynamic variables in different experimental circumstances. AB - Computer programs in FORTRAN IV have been designed to calculate regional blood flow values from injections of gamma radiation-emitting radioactive microspheres. The first program PRSO constitutes a file containing the names of organs, organ groups and systemic haemodynamic variables and data about the isotopes in use. The second program PRSI transfers the data of the particular experiment concerning protocol, systemic haemodynamic variables, organ weights, number of vials belonging to each organ and the radioactivity from each vial into a data file that is subsequently analyzed by the third program PRSII. One of 5 data conditions which later directs calculations in PRSII is determined by PRSI. PRSII deducts background radioactivity, decomposes the spectrum from the mixture of up to 6 nuclides using the "stripping' method, and corrects for isotope decay during the counting period. Depending upon the data condition, PRSII calculates one or more of the following variables: (i) cardiac output (CO); (ii) the distribution of CO; (iii) regional blood flow values and tissue vascular resistances; (iv) the distribution of blood flow within an arterial bed; (v) arteriovenous anastomotic blood flow; (vi) some specified systemic haemodynamic variables; and (vii) blood flow ratios. The systemic and regional haemodynamic data belonging to experiments are saved for later statistical analyses (e.g., mean, standard error of the variables, changes from the base line, comparison between two groups of experiments) by other programs. PRSO, PRSI and PRSII can be operated by investigators with little or no special training in computer use. PMID- 7249608 TI - Consecutive intravenous infusions: simulation of two compartment pharmacokinetic drugs. AB - A program is presented to simulate the blood concentrations which result from multiple, consecutive, constant rate intravenous infusions of drugs displaying two compartment kinetics. The program utilizes the principle of superposition and was developed for a Hewlett-Packard model 97 programmable calculator. The program can handle form 1-8 consecutive infusions, each with its own infusion rate and duration. Post-infusion blood concentrations can also be readily obtained A modification of the main program is also presented which enables the stimulation of blood concentration--time data pairs without operator assistance. A desired increment of time specified, and the program will provide concentration--time data pairs between specified starting and ending times. PMID- 7249607 TI - A package of computer programs designed to simulate pharmacokinetic monitoring of drug therapy. AB - Three programs are presented which have been developed to simulate conditions encountered in the pharmacokinetic adjustment of dosage regimens. The programs include a drug with one-compartment kinetics, whose elimination is dependent on renal function (gentamicin), a drug with two-compartment kinetics (theophylline), and a drug whose elimination follows non-linear Michaelis-Menten kinetics (phenytoin). The programs may be used as an aid to instruction in clinical pharmacokinetics and to develop and test new methods of pharmacokinetic adjustment of dosage regimens. PMID- 7249609 TI - The correlation between clinical symptomatology and computerized tomography in brain metastasis secondary to breast and lung neoplasias. PMID- 7249611 TI - Computed tomographic findings in carotid-cavernous fistula. PMID- 7249610 TI - Serial CT scans in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 7249613 TI - Computed body tomography in inflammatory disease of pancreas. PMID- 7249612 TI - Diagnostic testing for radiation treatment planning of malignant melanoma with special emphasis on CT scanning. PMID- 7249615 TI - Parathyroid adenomas: identified by CT scan. PMID- 7249614 TI - Perforated colon carcinoma presenting as a suprarenal mass. PMID- 7249616 TI - Postradiation-treated hemangioma of the liver seen on a computed tomogram scan. PMID- 7249618 TI - Noninvasive spleen scanning in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7249617 TI - CT findings in multiple tuberculomata. PMID- 7249619 TI - Congenital muscular dystrophy (Fukuyama type). Repeated CT studies in 19 children. PMID- 7249620 TI - Anatomic localization of radioactive gold seeds of the prostate by computer-aided tomography. PMID- 7249621 TI - Alexia without agraphia: localization of the lesion by computerized tomography. PMID- 7249622 TI - Irritant contact dermatitis from an ornamental Euphorbia. AB - An ornamental succulent plant sold in many plant stores in the Chicago area has been identified as Euphorbia hermentiana Lem. Open and closed patch testing using undiluted latex from this species was performed on five Caucasian volunteers. Open testing on flexor forearms resulted in irritant follicular dermatitis, while closed testing to the flexor surfaces of both upper arms in each subject produced bullae and vesiculation with residual desquamation and hyperpigmentation. Dermatological signs persisted for over a week following latex application. PMID- 7249623 TI - New results and some remarks to the "angry back syndrome". AB - Forty patients who showed more than two positive reactions to a standard patch test series of 26 substances were retested subsequently with the allergens that had given positive responses; 13 of 151 reactions were negative in the repetition, that is, 8.6% in comparison with 42% in the investigations of Mitchell (1977) in which 38 of 90 reactions could not be reproduced. Possible causes of this difference are discussed. PMID- 7249624 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis due to a wooden cross made of Dalbergia nigra. PMID- 7249625 TI - Persistent light reaction associated with sensitivity to Musk Ambrette. PMID- 7249626 TI - Leaves of Ginkgo biloba not allergenic for Toxicodendron-sensitive subjects. PMID- 7249627 TI - Oro-pharyngeal mucosal reaction to fenoterol. PMID- 7249628 TI - Allergy to pramoxine (pramocaine). PMID- 7249629 TI - Contact allergy to dithranol. AB - During treatment with a dithranol-containing collodion for common warts, a patient developed a eczematous reaction on the treated sites and the extremities. Patch testing revealed a contact allergy to dithranol. Two applications of the collodion cured the warts within 3 weeks. It is argued that contact allergy to dithranol occurs more frequently than is suspected. PMID- 7249631 TI - Lanolin labelling of cosmetics. PMID- 7249630 TI - Chlorocresol and chloracetamide: allergens in medications, glues, and cosmetics. PMID- 7249632 TI - Photosensitivity and allergy to cosmetics. PMID- 7249633 TI - Formaldehyde dermatitis from a gypsum-melamine resin mixture. PMID- 7249634 TI - Sorbic acid sensitivity from Unguentum Merck. PMID- 7249635 TI - Serologic assays for antibodies to HDI and MDI. PMID- 7249638 TI - User of gallium-67 in the diagnosis of occult infections. PMID- 7249637 TI - Real-time ultrasonographic evaluation of intracardiac infection. PMID- 7249636 TI - Ultrasound in the diagnosis of occult infection. PMID- 7249639 TI - Computed tomography evaluation of abscesses. PMID- 7249640 TI - New radionuclides in the diagnosis of obscure infections. PMID- 7249641 TI - Hospital of St. Raphael vs. Commission on Hospitals and Health Care. Decision of the Connecticut Supreme Court, November 11, 1980. PMID- 7249642 TI - Emergency room utilization: an initial look. PMID- 7249644 TI - Criteria for determining that death has occurred: III. PMID- 7249645 TI - The virus diagnostic laboratory: its function in a VA medical center. PMID- 7249643 TI - Time for change? PMID- 7249648 TI - An update: detection of congenital dysplasia of the hip. PMID- 7249647 TI - The treatment of aneurysm of the common carotid artery by resection and vein graft. PMID- 7249646 TI - Sulfinpyrazone induced uric acid urolithiasis with acute renal failure. PMID- 7249650 TI - Women psychiatrists in Connecticut. PMID- 7249649 TI - Dual biliary enteric fistulas. PMID- 7249652 TI - Improving quality assurance in hospitals. PMID- 7249651 TI - Holistic medicine. PMID- 7249653 TI - Brain death: a political process. PMID- 7249655 TI - Research by medical students. PMID- 7249654 TI - Abortion 1981: the search for perspective. PMID- 7249656 TI - The effect of tobacco smoke on the non-smoker. PMID- 7249657 TI - Aging--pilot safety. PMID- 7249658 TI - Possibilities and limitations of non-invasive techniques for the study of left ventricular function in chronic pulmonary disease. AB - The authors examined systolic time intervals, apexcardiograms and left ventricular echocardiograms in 151 patients with chronic disease of the airways. Their study showed that unlike apexcardiograms and echocardiograms, which can be performed in 33.8% and 56.7% of patients respectively, systolic time intervals can be assessed in 90.1% of patients. Pathological values of left ventricular function parameters were a comparatively common finding: 49.2% in systolic time intervals, 35.1% in apexcardiograms and 23.5 % in echocardiograms. There was no relation between the parameters of pulmonary function and those of left ventricular function. The authors hold that non-invasive examination of the left ventricular function in pulmonary disease is most valuable in long-term follow-up studies of the changes of the above parameters. PMID- 7249659 TI - Left ventricular overload caused by collateral pulmonary circulation in chronic pneumopathies-myth or reality? AB - The collateral pulmonary blood flow was measured by the dye dilution method in four patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in 16 patients with diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, in 15 patients with pulmonary embolism, and in three patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. The authors found that collateral pulmonary circulation was small in the first two groups (0.3 % and 1.7% of the pulmonary blood flow, respectively), absent in primary pulmonary hypertension, and high (14.0% of pulmonary flow) in pulmonary embolism. The magnitude of the bronchopulmonary collateral circulation did not correlate with degree of precapillary pulmonary hypertension, left atrial pressure and left ventricular enddiastolic pressure. It seems that the bronchopulmonary collateral flow does not produce diastolic left ventricular overload in chronic pneumopathies. PMID- 7249660 TI - Determination of aortic distensibility and its variations in arterial hypertension. AB - Aortic distensibility has been determined by non-invasive techniques: radioisotope measurement, quantitative radiocardiography and indirect arterial pressure measurement with calculation of the aortic rigidity index by the formula D = PP pulse (mm or mercury) / stroke volume (ml). The index value, equalling in normotensive subjects D = 0.55 was quite close to the value obtained in haemodynamic laboratories by invasive techniques (intracardiac stroke volume and arterial pressure measurements). Using the hereby determined aortic is rigidity index by non-invasive techniques, it was established that aortic distensibility is reduced since the early phases of arterial hypertension and in early age. Lowering of aortic distensibility correlates very well with diastolic pressure rise and with advancing age of patients with arterial hypertension. The aortic rigidity index, determined by non-invasive techniques, in suggested as an additional diagnostic and prognostic criterion in arterial hypertension. PMID- 7249661 TI - A comparison of the ABC orthogonal system with the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram. AB - Fifteen cases were taken at random from 200 cardiac patients on whom standard, Frank and ABC, ECG leads were taken synchronously. The ABC tracings were analysed without clinical or laboratory information being made available. Evidence is presented that ABC leads are superior to the 12-lead standard ECG system and show more significant changes than the Frank leads. It is suggested the ABC system should replace these 12-lead and Frank systems in clinical medicine owing to the much more sensitive analysis of the former and the ease of reading these leads. PMID- 7249662 TI - Mobile equivalent heart generator (migrating dipole). AB - The study is concerned with quantitative mapping of electrocardiographic potentials on the human body surface at various applications of equivalent multipole heart generators. The accuracy or reproduction of the electrical heart field with the application of mobile and immobile dipole and quadrupole generators is compared. The immobile equivalent generator (EG) is fixed in the geometrical centre of the trunk, whereas the mobile EG follows the path of the electrical heart centre during the heart cycle. Four healthy subjects and two patients with permanent postmyocardial ECG changes were examined. On transition from the immobile to the mobile model, in both groups of probands the relative contribution of the quadrupole component to the total potential of the body surface steeply diminished, with consequent substantial increase in accuracy of the dipole heart description. The dipole following the path of the electric heart centre during the heart cycle represents one of the most promising models, and deserves attentive clinical testing. PMID- 7249663 TI - Left ventricular volumetry and function in chronic cor pulmonale. AB - Nineteen patients with chronic cor pulmonale, in which the coincidence with other cardiovascular disease was excluded by cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriography, were examined. Left ventricular hypertrophy, elevated filling pressure and reduced compliance were found in a part of the patients. The left ventricular ejection fraction was normal and had no correlation with the elevated filling pressures. These abnormalities were related to the degree of pulmonary hypertension; furthermore, the correlation between the left ventricular hypertrophy and reduced compliance has been found. The author concludes that chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease is not accompanied by left ventricular contractile insufficiency; the left ventricle is able to develop a normal systolic performance at rest. In a part of patients, however, this systolic performance is developed at certain abnormal haemodynamic conditions, particularly at elevated left ventricular filling pressure. Possible mechanisms responsible for these alterations are discussed. PMID- 7249664 TI - The biological and clinical significance of Clostridium difficile. PMID- 7249665 TI - CT display of coronal and sagittal abdominal abnormalities. PMID- 7249666 TI - CT anatomy of the spine. PMID- 7249667 TI - Computed tomography of fluid collections within the abdomen. AB - Computed tomography is ideally suited for detecting mass lesions and for distinguishing "solid" from "cystic" masses. In the majority of cases, the recognition of fluid collections is unequivocal and lead to direct management decisions. Subphrenic, intrahepatic, and subhepatic abscesses can be recognized, aspirated, and drained. Using CT control, pancreatic pseudocysts can be managed similarly. Renal cysts can be accurately diagnosed with CT, especially with contrast enhancement, and then even the occasional case in which hydronephrosis may be a problem can be distinguished. Very occasionally, solid tumors containing mucinous material or lipoid can appear as cystic lesions, especially in the suprarenal, ovary, liver, or lymph nodes, and, conversely, abscesses may have higher tissue attenuation values, suggesting a solid lesion. It is most important to ensure that bowel is adequately labeled with contrast so that is is not misdiagnosed as a mass lesion. PMID- 7249668 TI - Computed tomography in primary craniosynostosis. AB - Computed tomography (CT) in primary craniosynostosis clearly demonstrated the superiority of CT in revealing the shape of the head, suture closure, and brain abnormalities and in follow-up after treatment. PMID- 7249670 TI - The resectability of primary lung carcinoma: a diagnostic staging review. PMID- 7249669 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of abdominal abscess. AB - The CT features in 30 cases of suspected intra-abdominal abscesses are reviewed. The cases were grouped into proven (24), probable (4), and possible (2) abscess on clinical grounds, and were analyzed according to site within the abdomen. Two cases of carcinoma with fluid collections mimicking abscesses are also discussed. In the appropriate clinical context, abdominal abscess is identified on CT as a circumscribed low-density region within the abdomen. Subphrenic, hepatic, and splenic abscesses were readily recognized without contrast enhancement inthe majority of cases, although contrast enhancement consistently rendered loculation within hepatic abscesses more obvious. Aspiration and drainage under CT control were invaluable in diagnosis, permitting the identification of the causative organism in 18 cases. The precise anatomical detail provided by CT was important in achieving successful catheter placement for drainage. PMID- 7249671 TI - Low-attenuation lesions in the middle cranial fossa: differential diagnosis. AB - The reliability of cranial computed tomography (CT) in detecting a broad range of intracerebral disorders has been well established (1) and its complementary role with other neuroradiologic procedures has been documented (2). Some attempts at inferring specific histologic diagnosis from static CT scans have been made (3,4). However, other investigators have demonstrated that it is difficult to separate cystic from noncystic, benign from malignant, and neoplastic from non neoplastic lesions by absorption coefficients alone (5,6). While initial studies utilizing dynamic CT scanning indicate that patterns of contrast accumulation may be helpful in distinguishing enhancing cerebral lesions (7,16), the differential diagnosis of the low-attenuation lesion remains difficult (17). We present a series of hypodense lesions in the middle cranial fossa that demonstrate a broad range of pathologic entities. Their CT features, differential diagnosis, and pathologic correlation are discussed. PMID- 7249672 TI - CT and ultrasound in the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma and lymphangioma of the orbit. AB - Eighteen cases of cavernous hemangioma and seven cases of lymphangioma of the orbit were evaluated with regard to contrast enhancement, hemogeneity, type of margin, anatomic location, and associated changes in he bone. Hemangiomas usually demonstrated homogeneous contrast enhancement, a relatively smooth margin, intraconal location, with occasional extension to the orbital apex, and focal bone expansion. Lymphangiomas showed either minimal heterogeneous or absence of contrast enhancement, irregular margins, and anterior and posterior locations. Ultrasonography of hemangiomas showed high amplitude and closely packed echoes from vessel walls adjacent to blood-filled spaces. Lymphangiomas had a similar ultrasound pattern, but with very wide separation of echoes due to larger fluid lakes. PMID- 7249673 TI - The meaning of nervios: a sociocultural analysis of symptom presentation in San Jose, Costa Rica. AB - The foundation of the symbolic tradition in medical anthropology is the examination of a patient's experience of a category of illness. The interpretation of folk explanations of etiology and nosology provides insight into the cultural definition of what constitutes an illness, how and why an illness is labeled, and how the afflicted individual should be treated. Further, the analysis of sociocultural meaning emerges as a critical theoretical contribution to our understanding of health and culture. Allen Young in his article "Some Implications of Medical Beliefs and Practices for Social Anthropology" suggests " that if we want to learn the social meaning of sickness, we must understand that 'signs,' whatever their genesis, become 'symptoms' because they are expressed, elicited, and perceived in socially acquired ways" (1976: 14). He further states that some categories of sickness are particularly interesting in that they enable people to organize the illness event into an episode that has form and meaning (1976: 19-20). Nervios is an example of a symptom that has acquired a special sociocultural pattern of expression, elicitation and perception in San Jose, Costa Rica. The empirical study of symptom presentation in general medicine and psychiatric outpatient clinics describes the patients who present the symptom and their associated attributes and explanations of the symptom's occurrence. The meaning of nervios is then discussed within a social interactional and symbolic framework. PMID- 7249677 TI - Nutrition and the killer diseases. PMID- 7249676 TI - Nutrition and the killer diseases. Introduction. PMID- 7249675 TI - Negotiation of the illness experience: Ayurvedic therapy and the psychosocial dimension of illness. AB - The negotiation of the illness experience by ayurvedic vaidya and South Kanarese patients suffering from specific sources of psychosocial distress is examined in light of the cultural patterning of illness and communication within the clinical context. The negotiation process is initiated by the posing of rhetorical questions about somatic and affective states and structured by a conceptual framework which relegates such states to humoral interrelationships. By establishing a humoral explanatory model for an illness episode or affective state which takes into account environmental and constitutional factors over which one has little control, responsibility is mollified and dialogue about personal problems eased. A comparison of the interaction between ayurvedic practitioners and patients and astrologers and clients is made in this regard. The socially integrative and adaptive consequences of ayurvedic therapy is considered vis a vis a portrayal of a popular vaidya therapy for a number of illnesses associated with the somatization of psychosocial stress. PMID- 7249674 TI - Sleeping blood, tremor and paralysis: a trans-cultural approach to an unusual conversion reaction. PMID- 7249679 TI - Nutritional determinants of hypertension. PMID- 7249680 TI - Sodium in hypertension: clinical aspects and dietary management. PMID- 7249681 TI - Preparation of low salt diets. PMID- 7249678 TI - Salt (NaCl) and hypertension: pathogenetic considerations. PMID- 7249682 TI - Diabetes mellitus-an overview. PMID- 7249683 TI - Diabetes mellitus-dietary management and prognosis. PMID- 7249684 TI - Exercise. PMID- 7249685 TI - Saturated fats and coronary heart disease. PMID- 7249686 TI - HDL-cholesterol as a negative risk factor. PMID- 7249687 TI - Early feeding patterns and atherosclerosis. PMID- 7249688 TI - Peritoneal lavage in blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. PMID- 7249690 TI - Pulmonary thromboembolism indicated by echocardiography. PMID- 7249689 TI - Amelanotic melanomas: an analysis of 77 patients. PMID- 7249691 TI - Drug consumption and age in a department of internal medicine. PMID- 7249692 TI - Kinetic studies on changes in the redox state of in vitro incubation of peripheral blood from multiple sclerosis patients under partial anaerobic conditions. PMID- 7249694 TI - Endotracheal tube lumen compromise from cuff overinflation. PMID- 7249695 TI - Pulmonary hemorrhage in systemic necrotizing vasculitis associated with hepatitis B. PMID- 7249693 TI - Exercise stress laboratories in the future. What should their capabilities be? PMID- 7249697 TI - Hemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with a probable primary dental focus of infection. AB - A case of Hemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis in association with a prosthetic valve is reported in which the organism was isolated from dental plaque as well as blood. We emphasize the need for treating the primary source of the infection; in this case, periodontal disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of H aphrophilus endocarditis in which an oral primary focus has been demonstrated. PMID- 7249696 TI - Chronic nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia. AB - We describe an adult with chronic (three years' duration) acquired nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia, a previously undescribed rhythm. Ambulatory monitoring revealed junctional rates ranging from 75 to 110 beats/min. Electrophysiologic studies demonstrated intact atrioventricular and ventriculoatrial conduction with a normal H-V interval (43 msec) and narrow QRS. Underlying sinus node function appeared to be normal (recovery time of 900 msec). Junctional rate increased with administration of atropine and isoproterenol, suggesting that the junctional pacemaker was located in the proximal His bundle. Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic observations suggested that this case of chronic nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia was benign, not necessitating therapy. PMID- 7249699 TI - Spirometric time base considerations. PMID- 7249700 TI - Calcification of porcine heterografts implanted in children. PMID- 7249701 TI - Marantic endocarditis: diagnosis by 2-D echocardiography. PMID- 7249698 TI - Uninterrupted inferior vena cava with azygos continuation. AB - Azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava is diagnosed in infants in the presence of obstruction to flow in the inferior vena cava due to infrahepatic interruption. Recently we studied in an infant complex congenital heart disease in which there was azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava without infrahepatic interruption or any other obstructive lesion of this vessel. The blood from the lower part of the body drained into the right atrium by two wide patent veins: the inferior vena cava and the azygos system. The angiocardiographic observations of this condition in an infant are reported for the first time to our knowledge, and the embryologic development is briefly reviewed. PMID- 7249702 TI - Delayed recovery from respiratory paralysis due to the Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 7249703 TI - Alcohol and the diffusing capacity. PMID- 7249704 TI - Low cardiac output states after open heart surgery. Comparative hemodynamic effects of dobutamine, dopamine, and norepinephrine plus phentolamine. AB - The hemodynamic effects of dobutamine, dopamine, and a combination of norepinephrine-phentolamine were compared in nine patients with low cardiac output state after open heart surgery. Using a Latin square design for drug sequence, each patient was given each drug at three levels by continuous intravenous infusion. For dobutamine and dopamine the doses were 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 microgram/kg/min; for norepinephrine, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.10 microgram/kg/min with phentolamine in the ratio of 1 (norepinephrine) to 2.5 (phentolamine). Dobutamine and dopamine both produced an increase in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, and stroke volume index. Both drugs reduced total pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance in the dose range of 5.0 to 10.0 microgram/kg/min. When the maximum tolerated doses were compared, the drugs equally increased cardiac index and stroke volume index, but dopamine did so at a smaller dose than dobutamine. At equivalent doses, dobutamine tended to produce less tachycardia and vasoconstriction than dopamine. The norepinephrine phentolamine combination resulted in increases in both systemic arterial pressure and vascular resistance with no significant increase in cardiac index. Its unique feature was its predictable vasopressor response with absence of chronotropic effects and ventricular irritability. PMID- 7249706 TI - It's not my fault-is it? PMID- 7249705 TI - The maximum expiratory flow-volume curve with air and a low-density gas misture. An analysis of subject and observer variability. AB - The subject and intra- and inter-observer variability of three measurements derived from the maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve with air and helium oxygen (HeO2) mixture was determined in ten normal subjects who produced curves in the morning and afternoon of three consecutive days and again on one day a month later. The measurements examined were the maximum flow at 50% vital capacity (V50), the percentage increases in V50 when breathing the He-O2 mixture (delta V50), and the volume at which the curves on air and He-O2 first meet or intersect (VisoV). The delta V50 and VisoV were shown to have a greater degree of variability than the V50 and, in the case of VisoV, this was contributed to significantly by the observer variability. The within-subject variability of the delta V50 and VisoV was so great that the usefulness of these tests in following changes in lung function of individual patients must be questioned. PMID- 7249708 TI - A pulse method of measuring respiratory system compliance in ventilated patients. AB - We describe a method of measuring total static respiratory system compliance (Crs) in ventilated patients during inflation, which appears to detect relaxation of respiratory muscles and does not require an end-inspiratory pause or disconnection of a constant-flow intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) circuit. Flow is measured with a pneumotachometer attached to the endotracheal tube. Transthoracic pressure is taken as the difference between mouth pressure measured at the proximal pneumotachometer port and body surface (atmospheric) pressure. Flow and transthoracic pressure are displayed on separate channels of a strip chart recorder. The ventilator is adjusted to deliver a constant rule of air flow. When inflation begins, the pressure tracing shows an initial step rise related to the flow resistance of the subject followed by a section with a slower rise and a constant slope. Respiratory system compliance is calculated by dividing the flow rate in L/sec by the slope of the pressure tracing in cm H2O/sec. Pulse Crs was compared with static Crs measured with an end-inspiratory pause in nine subjects receiving mechanical ventilation. Correlation between pulse Crs and static Crs in nine ventilated patients was highly significant (4 = .997, pulse Crs = 1.00 static Crs + 0.001). We conclude that with the pulse method, one can measure static Crs during inflation without an inspiratory pause and without disconnecting an IMV circuit. PMID- 7249709 TI - Nitrobule tetrazolium test in the diagnosis of pleural effusions. AB - This study evaluated the diagnostic utility of the nitroblue tetrazolium test on pleural fluid. Pleural fluids from 62 patients, including nine with congestive heart failure, 27 with malignant neoplasms, nine with tuberculosis, 14 with pneumonia, and three with collagen vascular disease, were studied. Results of nitrobule tetrazolium were tabulated for each patient for three different cellular types (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, small lymphocytes, and mononuclear cells other than small lymphocytes). The three patients with collagen vascular disease had very high scores on the nitrogen tetrazolium test for all three cellular types. Their average scores were higher than were those of 57 of the other 59 patients. The nitroblue tetrazolium test on pleural fluid was not useful in separating patients with congestive heart failure, pneumonia, malignant neoplasms, or tuberculosis. The results on the nitroblue tetrazolium test did not help to identify those patients with pneumonia who eventually required tube thoracostomy. From this study, we conclude that the nitroblue tetrazolium test on pleural fluid is of limited use diagnostically but may help to identify those individuals with collagen vascular disease involving the pleura. PMID- 7249707 TI - Pulmonary function in Klinefelter's syndrome. AB - We evaluated pulmonary function in 24 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome. Of these, two had an obstructive defect, nine had a restrictive defect, and 11 had a decreased functional residual capacity. Since none had evidence of lung parenchymal disease, the restrictive syndrome may be due to chest wall abnormality. PMID- 7249710 TI - Differentiation of false- from true-positive ECG responses to exercise stress by thallium 201 perfusion imaging. PMID- 7249711 TI - PHA and PPD reactivity of lymphocytes in pleural effusions. AB - The functional properties of lymphocytes in pleural fluid were studied in 23 patients admitted to the hospital for the diagnostic evaluation of a unilateral or bilateral pleural effusion. The in vitro reactivities of the patients' pleural fluid lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and to purified protein derivative (PPD) were compared. In most patients with pleural effusion, the function of pleural fluid lymphocytes was intact and comparable to that of lymphocytes from peripheral blood. The PHA- and PPD stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation by peripheral blood lymphocytes did not differ significantly from that by pleural fluid lymphocytes in any of the patient groups. Similarly, the comparison of PHA- and PPD-stimulated 3H-thymidine uptake by peripheral blood or pleural fluid lymphocytes from patients with pleural effusions of various causes revealed no significant differences. In vitro reactivity to PPD by peripheral blood and pleural fluid lymphocytes correlated positively with the in vivo intradermal reactivity to PPD. PMID- 7249712 TI - Transbronchial needle aspiration for diagnosis of lung cancer. AB - Thirty-two consecutive patients with mediastinal lesions suggestive of bronchogenic carcinoma underwent transbronchial needle aspiration. Eighteen of 20 patients (90 percent) with proved bronchogenic carcinoma had malignant cytology specimens or tissue fragments. Of 12 patients with normal cytology specimens, six were subsequently proved to have nonneoplastic disease. Transbronchial needle aspiration appears to offer a sensitive and specific alternative to more invasive surgical techniques used in the diagnosis of malignancies with mediastinal involvement. PMID- 7249713 TI - Noninvasive assessment of changes in left ventricular function induced by graded isometric exercise in healthy subjects. AB - This study was designed to characterize the changes in left ventricular performance induced by graded isometric exercise. Fourteen healthy subjects (12 men and 2 women), aged 19 to 27, performed handgrip isometric exercise at 20, 40, and 60 percent of their maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) with three minutes of rest interval between each contraction. Left ventricular performance was assessed by M-mode echocardiography at rest and during each isometric contraction. Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions did not change significantly. Heart rate and blood pressure increased significantly during each level of isometric contraction. Left ventricular posterior wall thickness fell from 8.6 +/- .4 (mean +/- SE) to 7.1 +/- .5 (P less than 0.01) and 6.5 +/- .4 mm (P less than 0.001) in response to 40 and 60 percent of MVC, respectively. Left ventricular wall thickness to radius ratio decreased progressively as systolic blood pressure increased which suggests increased wall tension. Fractional shortening remained unchanged during graded isometric exercise. However, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mVcf) increased from 1.08 +/- 0.4 to 1.24 +/- .05 circ/sec (P less than 0.005) in response to 60 percent of MVC. We conclude that the effect of isometric exercise on left ventricular performance depends, to some extent, on the relative strength of muscle contraction. In healthy subjects, isometric exercise of low intensity (less 40 percent of MVC) does not generally result in depression of left ventricular function. Higher levels of isometric exercise may modestly enhance left ventricular performance despite a sudden increase in blood pressure. PMID- 7249714 TI - Does mitral prolapse occur in mitral stenosis? Echocardiographic-angiographic observations. AB - An association between rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease and mitral prolapse has been suggested. Since mitral stenosis in adults is a reliable indicator of rheumatic heart disease, we undertook this study to define the association between rheumatic heart disease and prolapse by estimating the frequency with which mitral stenosis and mitral prolapse coexist in the same patient. A second purpose was to assess the usefulness of two-dimensional and standard M-mode echocardiograms in making the diagnosis of mitral prolapse in the presence of mitral stenosis. Twenty patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis were studied. Standard M-mode echocardiographic criteria for prolapse were used; in the two-dimensional echocardiograms, we searched for arching of the mitral leaflets cephaloposteriorly above the atrioventricular ring. Left ventricular angiograms were evaluated for prolapse both subjectively and objectively by using the posterior medial scallop length index criteria. We found that the majority of these mitral stenosis patients satisfied the M-mode criteria for prolapse, whereas movement of the mitral leaflets into the left atrium by two dimensional echocardiography and angiography occurred in fewer patients. Three patients met all echocardiographic and angiographic criteria for prolapse, but none had clinical evidence of prolapse. We conclude that the coexistence of mitral prolapse and mitral stenosis, if it occurs at all, is uncommon. M-mode echocardiography alone is unreliable to diagnose prolapse when mitral stenosis is present, since the M-mode criteria for prolapse are met by the majority of mitral stenosis patients. PMID- 7249715 TI - Evaluation of aortic valve endocarditis by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - Fourteen patients with aortic valve endocarditis were evaluated. Twelve patients had vegetations detected by two-dimensional echocardiography and two were diagnosed anatomically. M-mode echocardiography was positive in eight patients. Two-dimensional echocardiography was superior to M-mode in determining size, shape, and mobility of vegetations. The following three morphologic types of vegetative lesions were seen on two-dimensional echocardiogram: globular polypoid masses (seven); irregular, elongated lesions with chaotic movement (four); and a cord-like structure (one). Serial two-dimensional echocardiograms performed after completion of antibiotic therapy in seven patients revealed no change in appearance in five and complete disappearance in two patients. Among the 12 patients with vegetations visualized on the two-dimensional echocardiogram, seven responded to medical therapy, four required aortic valve replacement, and one patient died. One of the patients who initially responded to medical therapy eventually required aortic valve replacement following a second episode of aortic endocarditis. In those patients with negative two-dimensional echocardiograms, the vegetations were 3 mm in diameter or less at surgery or autopsy. Vegetations that were visualized on two-dimensional echocardiography were found to be at least 5 mm in diameter at the time of operation. Two-dimensional echocardiography is a valuable noninvasive tool in the evaluation of patients with aortic valve endocarditis. PMID- 7249716 TI - Sarcoidosis among Chinese. PMID- 7249717 TI - Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on the dynamics and coronary circulation of the normal heart. AB - This study observed the consequences of total normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on cardiac function, myocardial blood flow, and its regional distribution. To determine the potential effects of CPB per se on hemodynamic performance of the heart from the concomitant interfering influences of anesthesia, surgical procedure, and preexisting disease, myocardial function and blood flow were investigated in two groups of normal animals submitted to identical experimental conditions, except for two hours of total CPB, which was performed in only one group. Myocardial blood flow distribution was studied immediately before and after CPB, and the hemodynamic studies were performed 3, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively in the awake resting animal. Coronary blood flow and its distribution were similar before and after CPB. Three hours postoperatively, the hemodynamic status of the perfused dogs seemed to be slightly inferior compared with control subjects; however, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Twenty-four and 48 hours after surgery, the cardiovascular dynamics were similar in both groups. These results demonstrate that two hours of total normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass have no significant deleterious effect on the performance, coronary perfusion, and its regional distribution, of the normal beating empty heart. PMID- 7249718 TI - Fungal pneumonias. Part 3. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. AB - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is receiving increased recognition as a cause of respiratory disease. The clinical, immunologic, and radiologic features of this disease are reviewed with a discussion of possible pathophysiologic mechanisms. One approach to the diagnosis of this disorder incorporates the criteria of bronchospasm, pulmonary infiltrates, skin-test reactivity to and precipitating antibodies against Aspergillus antigen, eosinophilia, elevated IgE levels, and classic bronchographic findings. Steroids appear to be the drug of choice in ABPA, but specific therapeutic regimens will require further long-term studies. The IgE levels may prove to be useful in following the course of this disease and in aiding decisions regarding duration of therapy. PMID- 7249719 TI - Irregularity of the trachea and atelectasis in a middle-aged man. PMID- 7249720 TI - Changes in measured spirometric indices. What is significant? PMID- 7249721 TI - The environment and the lung. A brief synopsis for the clinician. PMID- 7249722 TI - Asbestos inhalation and the induction of splenic lymphocytic proliferation in the rat. PMID- 7249723 TI - The use of pulmonary washings as a probe to detect lung injury. PMID- 7249724 TI - Lung mechanics and a simultaneous comparison of alveolar, pleural and peritoneal phagocytic cells lavaged from fasted infection-free oxygen toxic rats. PMID- 7249725 TI - Observations on the lung retention of inhaled, relatively insoluble, environmentally-related particles. PMID- 7249726 TI - Epidemiology of environmentally-induced chronic respiratory disease. PMID- 7249727 TI - Longterm exposure to air pollution and decline in VC and FEV1. Recent results from a longitudinal epidemiologic study in the Netherlands. PMID- 7249728 TI - Air pollution and health effects in children residing in Akron, Ohio. PMID- 7249730 TI - Respiratory disease epidemiology in New Mexico. Host and environment factors. PMID- 7249729 TI - Respiratory effect of longterm exposure to two mixes of air pollutants in Los Angeles County. PMID- 7249732 TI - An epidemiologic study of workers exposed to western red cedar and other wood dusts. PMID- 7249731 TI - A novel mechanism for pulmonary oxygen toxicity: phagocyte mediated lung injury. PMID- 7249733 TI - Chronic bronchitis and decreased forced expiratory flow rates in lifetime nonsmoking grain workers. PMID- 7249734 TI - Pulmonary connective tissue and environmental lung disease. PMID- 7249735 TI - Asbestos stimulates alveolar macrophages to release a factor causing human lung fibroblasts to replicate. PMID- 7249736 TI - Comparison of phagocytosis of uncoated versus coated asbestos fibers by cultured human pulmonary alveolar macrophages. PMID- 7249738 TI - Hydrogen peroxide mediates the toxic effect of oxygen radicals on human fibroblasts. PMID- 7249739 TI - The effects of dietary antioxidants on NO2- induced injury to type 1 alveolar cells. PMID- 7249740 TI - Pulmonary effects of exposure to 20 ppm NO2. PMID- 7249737 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in pulmonary macrophages and blood lymphocytes. Asbestos-exposed cigarette smokers with and without lung cancer. PMID- 7249741 TI - Ozone toxicity as a model of lung fibrosis. PMID- 7249742 TI - Pulmonary reaction to grain dust and its constituents. PMID- 7249744 TI - Deposition pattern and clearance pathways of inhaled chrysotile asbestos. PMID- 7249743 TI - An epidemiologic study of respiratory disease in workers exposed to polyvinylchloride dust. PMID- 7249745 TI - Inorganic particulates associated with desquamative interstitial pneumonia. PMID- 7249746 TI - Inflammation and asbestosis: characterization and maintenance of alveolitis following acute asbestos exposure. PMID- 7249747 TI - Meat wrappers' asthma. PMID- 7249748 TI - The pathogenetic role of inhaled microbial material in pulmonary mycotoxicosis as demonstrated in an animal model. PMID- 7249749 TI - Sex differences in the decline of pulmonary function with age. PMID- 7249750 TI - Effects of contemporary filters on cigarette smoke. PMID- 7249752 TI - Mt. St. Helens: are volcanoes hazardous to your health? PMID- 7249751 TI - Silicate pneumoconiosis and pulmonary fibrosis in horses from the Monterey-Carmel peninsula. PMID- 7249753 TI - The 23d Aspen Lung Conference: The Environment and the Lung. Conference summary. PMID- 7249754 TI - New insights into tiny airways. PMID- 7249755 TI - Ban the boomerang. PMID- 7249756 TI - Effects of nitrates on R-wave variations after exercise in coronary heart disease: differences in patients with and without angina pectoris. AB - With the purpose of investigating the pathophysiology of changes in the R wave after exercise and its relationship with left ventricular function, we studied 44 patients with coronary heart disease. They were classified into the following three groups: group A, 11 patients with angina pectoris and no prior myocardial infarction; group B, 18 patients with angina pectoris and prior myocardial infarction; and group C, 15 patients with prior myocardial infarction but no angina. All patients performed two exercise tests; one was a control test, and the other was performed after the sublingual administration of 5 mg of isosorbide dinitrate. In group A, variations in the R-wave voltage in control test and in the test after isosorbide dinitrate were 1.5 +/- 0.8 mm and -1.2 +/- 0.9 mm (P less than 0.05), respectively. In group B, results were 1.2 +/- 0.7 mm on the control test and -0.7 +/- 0.6 mm after isosorbide dinitrate (P less than 0.002), and in group C were -1.6 +/- 1.2 mm on the control test and -0.7 +/- 0.7 mm after isosorbide dinitrate (not significant). Thus, the two groups of patients with angina showed an increase of the R-wave after exercise in the control test but a decrease after the administration of nitrates, whereas the patients without angina showed a reduced R-wave after exercise both before and after the administration of nitrates (like normal subjects). This study suggests that ischemic ventricular dysfunction with exercise results in an increase in the R wave, while exercise after nitrates results in a decrease in the R-wave consistent with less or no ventricular dysfunction due to nitrate therapy. PMID- 7249757 TI - Effects of treadmill exercise on total and myocardial creatine phosphokinase. AB - The percentage of increase in total and MB creatine phosphokinase (CPK) after treadmill exercise was determined in 29 patients--ten patients with ST segment depression greater than 1 mm (group 1) and 19 patients with no ST segment depression (group 2). Values were determined pretest and 6, 12, and 24 hours after exercise. The mean exercise duration was 8 min, 18 sec. Total CPK increased within the normal range 12 hours after exercise in group 1 patients exercising less than 8 min, 18 sec, and in all patients exercising longer. The MB CPK remained unchanged after exercise in all patients. These data suggest that while normal range variation of total CPK occurs after treadmill exercise testing, the myocardium does not release MB CPK, regardless of the level of treadmill exercise our patients performed or the development of presumed ischemic ST segment responses. Abnormal elevation of MB CPK suggests myocardial damage. PMID- 7249758 TI - Respiratory alkalemia during exercise reduces angina threshold. AB - The effect of hyperventilation-induced alkalemia on angina threshold was evaluated in nine subjects who had a consistent pattern of chest pain and ST segment depression during exercise. For this study, the subjects performed graded bicycle exercise to angina during normal breathing and during hyperventilation. The maximum workload achieved was not significantly different between normal breathing and hyperventilation exercise. However, in five subjects who had arterial alkalemia during hyperventilation exercise (mean pH = 7.52), the heart rate X blood pressure product (HR X BP) at angina was 224 X 10(2) compared with 240 X 10(2) during normal breathing exercise (P less than 0.05). Four subjects appeared to hyperventilate, but were not alkalemic (mean pH = 7.40). Their HR X BP at angina was not significantly different between the two exercise periods (288 X 10(2) vs 284 X 10(2). In conclusion, the threshold for angina during exercise fell in the five patients in whom hyperventilation caused alkalemia. This finding suggests that the alkalemia interfered with myocardial oxygen supply. PMID- 7249759 TI - Lobectomy with sleeve resection in the treatment of tumors of the bronchus. AB - We evaluated the results of right upper lobectomy with a sleeve resection of the right main bronchus in 50 patients with a bronchial neoplasm. Four patients (8 percent) died during surgery or postoperatively. Eight of the 22 patients who underwent surgery for carcinoma between the years 1960 and 1974 had tumor positive hilar lymph nodes. They died as a result of subsequent extension of the resected carcinoma. Fourteen of the 22 patients had no lymph node metastasis and nine of them (64 percent) were alive after five years without detectable recurrence. The finding of positive hilar lymph nodes contraindicates sleeve resection. In these cases, when pneumonectomy is impossible from a functional point of view, sleeve resection is to be regarded as a palliative procedure. PMID- 7249760 TI - Prospective evaluation for pneumonectomy using perfusion scanning: follow-up beyond one year. AB - Thirty-eight high-risk patients (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] less than 2.0L or maximum voluntary ventilation [MVV] less than 50 per cent of predicted) were observed for a minimum of one year after pneumonectomy for carcinoma of the lung. Operability was assessed by calculating a predicted postoperative FEV1 (based on the right-left fractional perfusion estimated by a perfusion lung scan) and requiring this predicted postoperative value to exceed 800 ml. No other invasive physiologic studies were performed before surgery. At one year, 23 of 38 patients were still alive, and 13 of 38 patients survived to the end of the second year. At five years, two of 15 patients were alive with no evidence of metastatic disease. This simple physiologic approach involves widely available techniques and, in patients with lung cancer who have compromised pulmonary function, appears to result in acceptable survival over a longer period. PMID- 7249761 TI - Alcohol-induced bronchospasm in an asthmatic patient: pharmacologic evaluation of the mechanism. AB - A 23-year-old Asian with histamine-reactive asthma complained of recurrent chest tightness, nasal congestion and flushing immediately after drinking minimal amounts of alcoholic beverages. He was extensively studied to determine the possible mechanism of his alcohol-induced respiratory symptoms. Drinking of either beer or 95 percent ethanol in apple juice immediately provoked vasomotor signs and moderately severe bronchospasm (54 percent and 73 percent decreases in specific airway conductance, respectively), which spontaneously improved over 30 minutes and two hours, respectively. Intravenous and inhaled ethanol caused less bronchospasm than observed with oral ethanol, and recovery was rapid. Pretreatment with cromolyn sodium (inhaled or oral) and isoproterenol had no inhibitory effect on the alcohol-induced bronchoconstriction, whereas atropine, acetylsalicylic acid, cyproheptadine, and chlorpheniramine appeared to have a partial inhibitory effect. Approximately 70 percent inhibition was observed after chlorpheniramine. Observations in this patient suggest that the bronchoconstriction induced by alcoholic beverages is related to their ethanol content and may be related to formation or release of one or more bronchoconstrictor and vasoactive compounds, including a stimulant of histamine1 receptors. The route of ethanol administration may also influence the bronchospastic response. PMID- 7249762 TI - The use of a new ultra-thin fiberoptic bronchoscope to determine endotracheal tube position in the sick newborn infant. AB - The various techniques available for determining endotracheal tube position after intubation of a newborn are auscultation of the chest, observation of distance rings on the endotracheal tube, and chest radiology. Radiology is considered to be the most reliable method. We evaluated the use of a new ultra-thin fiberoptic bronchoscope on 20 recently intubated newborn infants to determine the position of the endotracheal tube and compared the technique with radiology. The accuracy of the two methods was comparable (correlation 0.91, P less than 0.001). Adverse changes in transcutaneous PO2 were observed during both procedures but were more marked during radiology than bronchoscopy. We conclude that the bronchoscopic technique of determining endotracheal tube position is both as safe and as accurate as radiologic technique. PMID- 7249764 TI - Respiratory patterns associated with hemoglobin desaturation during sleep in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Respiration during sleep was monitored in ten patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and related to measures of hemoglobin saturation and intrathoracic pressure (ITP) or abdominal wall movement. Seven of the ten patients showed episodic hemoglobin desaturation of at least 5 percent during sleep. Two distinct patient groups could be distinguished on the basis of ITP measurements and breathing patterns. Desaturation was associated with reduced negative ITP or respiratory movement in three patients and with increased negative ITP or respiratory movement in four patients. These data suggest that desaturation may result from at least two distinct mechanisms, involving reduced respiratory effort in one group and increased upper airway occlusion in the other. Desaturation associated with reduced respiratory effort was primarily REM sleep related and consisted of a few sustained episodes. Desaturation episodes associated with upper airway occlusion occurred in all stages of sleep and were very frequent and of short duration. PMID- 7249763 TI - Transient pulmonary hypertension from the intravenous injection of crushed, suspended pentazocine tablets. AB - We describe a patient with biopsy-proven pulmonary talc granulomas (secondary to the long-term intravenous injection of crushed tablets of pentazocine) who had two episodes of transient pulmonary hypertension following the injection of this oral medication. We established a canine model and measured the right lymph duct flow, mean pulmonary arterial pressures, and pulmonary vascular resistance to determine the short-term effects on hemodynamics and the flow of lymph after intravenous administration of crushed pentazocine tablets (3 to 4 mg/kg of body weight) or pure talc (2.5 to 3 mg/kg). A typical response to both agents consisted of short-term elevations of mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance to approximately twice baseline values, with a slow decrement over 30 to 45 minutes. The average flow of lymph tripled, peaking at approximately two hours after injection. The lymph contained high levels of albumin. We concluded that the talc filler in oral tablets of pentazocine induces the pulmonary hypertension, probably by mechanical obstruction of the pulmonary vasculature. Association with this transient pulmonary hypertension is an increase in the permeability of the pulmonary microvasculature. PMID- 7249766 TI - The effect of congesting cuffs on the echo-phonocardiographic findings in mitral valve prolapse. AB - Changes in left ventricular volume appear to be important in changing the timing and duration of mitral valve prolapse. In this study, simultaneous phonocardiograms and echocardiograms were recorded in 16 patients with late systolic mitral valve prolapse before and after the inflation of congesting cuffs (tourniquets) on the upper and lower extremities. The tourniquet application, known to reduce the venous return, caused a statistically significant movement of the phonocardiographic recorded click toward the first heart sound, associated with reduction of the echocardiographic left and right ventricular and left atrial dimensions. These findings confirm the relationship between the mitral valve prolapse and left ventricular dimension and suggest that a decrease in left ventricular volume is a tenable explanation for the earlier onset of prolapse. PMID- 7249765 TI - The natural history of right bundle branch block and frontal plane QRS axis in apparently healthy men. AB - We examined the characteristics, long-term follow-up, and prognosis of right bundle branch block (RBBB) detected on a routine ECG in men with no apparent heart disease. During the 29-year period, 59 cases of RBBB were observed in men with a mean age of 44.4 +/- 1.9 years. Because marked right or left axis deviation may identify cases with concomitant involvement of the left bundle branch system, subsets of frontal plane QRS (A QRS) were examined. Comparisons were made with groups of similar ages who were free of RBBB. Cases with RBBB were observed for 936 person-years (mean 15.9 +/- 1.6 years per case), showing no excess ischemic heart disease incidence, no cases of progression to advanced AV block (second- or third-degree), or sudden death. Right bundle branch block was associated with a greater proportion of both right axis (greater than or equal to +90 degrees) and marked left axis (-45 degrees to -90 degrees) deviation compared with those of the same age without this conduction disturbance. In apparently healthy men, RBBB had no adverse long-term prognosis regardless of frontal plane QRS axis. PMID- 7249767 TI - Clinical significance of pulmonary function tests: upper airway obstruction. PMID- 7249768 TI - Structure--function correlations in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases (CPC): Ebstein's anomaly in the elderly. PMID- 7249770 TI - An unusual termination of a wide QRS tachycardia in a patient with the Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 7249769 TI - Spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient with honeycomb lung. PMID- 7249771 TI - Successful correction of a subendocardial hamartoma of the left ventricular free wall and mitral valve papillary muscles. AB - We describe a case of subendocardial hamartoma of the left ventricular free wall and mitral valve papillary muscles that resulted in a pseudoparachute mitral valve, a decrease in effective left ventricular cavity size, and the hemodynamic picture of a cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7249772 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiograms of a transvenous left ventricular pacing catheter. AB - A permanent transvenous pacemaker lead was placed across the atrial septum and retained in the left ventricle for eight years. M-mode echocardiograms showed a linear echocardiographic density in the left atrium and mitral valve. Cross sectional echocardiograms further defined the location and course of the pacing lead. PMID- 7249773 TI - Lung abscess complicating transbronchial biopsy of a mass lesion. AB - We report a rare complication of transbronchial lung biopsy. A lung abscess developed after transbronchial biopsy of a peripheral mass lesion. Persistent fever, leukocytosis, and roentgenographic evidence of increase in size of the biopsied mass are useful clues for the diagnosis of pneumonia surrounding a tumor. PMID- 7249774 TI - Preoperative and postoperative echocardiographic studies of pulmonic valvular endocarditis. AB - The echocardiographic manifestations of pulmonic valvular endocarditis in a patient with underlying heart disease consisting of a ventricular septal defect and infundibular stenosis are reported. The abnormal shaggy echoes observed on the pulmonic valve were confirmed to be vegetations based on surgical and pathologic findings. This was further proven by the disappearance of the shaggy echoes after surgical excision of the vegetations. We conclude that echocardiograms can detect the presence and disappearance of pulmonic valvular vegetations, which may be of aid in the diagnosis of pulmonic valvular endocarditis. PMID- 7249775 TI - Unsuspected esophageal foreign bodies in adults with upper airway obstruction. AB - Esophageal foreign bodies rarely cause respiratory distress in adults. While it is well known that upper airway obstruction can occur with esophageal foreign bodies in children, the otorlaryngologic literature mentions little of this problem in older patients. Two adults with airway obstruction from unsuspected esophageal foreign bodies are described, with emphasis on the problems of diagnosis and management. The possibility of an unsuspected esophageal foreign body should be kept in mind during the evaluation of respiratory distress in an adult, especially in one who is a poor historian or has a history of a psychiatric disorder. Early endoscopic removal in the treatment of choice, although esophagotomy may be required. PMID- 7249776 TI - One-to-two atrioventricular conduction in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: a mechanism of initiating supraventricular tachycardia. AB - A patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and recurrent supraventricular tachycardia manifested the unusual finding of two ventricular responses to a single atrial depolarization. The second response occurred due to delay in the His-Purkinje system (H-V prolongation). This phenomenon was a mechanism of initiation of supraventricular tachycardia, not previously described to our knowledge. PMID- 7249777 TI - Ultrasound visualization of aortic dissection by right parasternal scanning, including systolic flutter of the intimal flap. AB - Dilation of the ascending aorta and an intimal flap within it (indicating dissecting aneurysm) were visualized by M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiography, from the right but not from the left parasternal area. The diagnosis was confirmed by aortography and at surgery. Systolic flutter of the intimal flap, seen on M-mode echocardiography, was attributable to the jet from a mildly stenotic aortic valve impinging on it. PMID- 7249778 TI - Bronchopulmonary lavage in alveolar microlithiasis. AB - We describe the first known use of volume-controlled bronchopulmonary lavage in a case of alveolar microlithiasis. Although the procedure has often been discussed in the literature as theoretically useful in the therapy for this disease, in our case it showed no efficacy in clearing the alveolar spherules. PMID- 7249782 TI - Right middle lobe aspiration pneumonia following gasoline siphonage. PMID- 7249780 TI - Pulmonary function tests in sarcoidosis. PMID- 7249781 TI - Pseudo-pseudo tumor of the lung. PMID- 7249779 TI - Heat stroke related to psychotropic medications and prior history of heat stroke. PMID- 7249784 TI - Self-terminating torsades de pointes or Holter conversion? PMID- 7249783 TI - Preoperative evaluation of pulmonary function. PMID- 7249785 TI - Pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in patients with enteric disease compared to normal volunteers. AB - Tablets of 500 mg metronidazole were given to 24 patients with intestinal diseases and to 10 healthy volunteers. The diagnoses included coeliac disease, ulcerative colitis, jejunoileal shunt, ileostomy, and Crohn's disease. Both normal subjects and patients exhibited considerable variation in serum metronidazole concentrations. This applied particularly to the patients who had somewhat slower absorption and later occurrence of serum peaks than did the normal subjects. No major deviation occurred within any of the diagnostic groups. All but the ileostomy patients exhibited a lag before apparent absorption. The individual peaks occurred after 1.5-2.0 h and was 12.7 +/- 2.1 microgram/ml in all disease groups, except the ileostomy patients who exhibited a mean of 16.2 microgram/ml. In the healthy subjects, the mean peak was 12.1 +/- 4.6 microgram/ml. A major finding was the observation that the patients as a group had a higher total area under the serum curves (AUC) than the volunteers. The AUC of normal volunteers was 108.1 microgram . h . ml-1 compared to 260.5 microgram . h. ml-1 in the patients with ileostomy and 147.6 microgram . h . ml-1 for the others. The higher AUC values in the ileostomy group were associated with longer serum half-life values. The serum half-life was 8.3 in the normals, 11.9 with ileostomy and 7.2 h in the remainder. The normal individuals and the patients with ulcerative colitis had higher rates of absorption, those with coeliac disease or ileostomy lower absorption rates than was found elsewhere. The relative volume of distribution (the distribution coefficient) was the same in the healthy individuals as in each patients group, except for the ileostomy patients. The total body clearance was 1.94 liters/h in ileostomy, 3.68 liters/h in the other patients, and 5.43 liters/h in the normal subjects. PMID- 7249786 TI - A comparison of the in vitro activity of cefoxitin and cephalothin against 7,312 clinical isolates. AB - The antibacterial activity of cefoxitin and cephalothin was tested against 7,312 clinical isolates of aerobic pathogens. Cefoxitin was found to have a broad spectrum of activity. Among the gram-positive cocci, 99.1% of Staphylococcus aureus, 94.4% of Staphylococcus epidermidis and 98.1% of streptococci group B had a minimal inhibitory concentration of 16 microgram/ml or less, while only 4.6% of enterococci were sensitive to this concentration of cefoxitin. Among the gram negative rods 94.4% of Escherichia coli, 89.3% of Klebsiella spp., 97.3% of Proteus mirabilis, 97.4% of Proteus vulgaris and 79.3% of Proteus morganii were sensitive to 16 microgram/ml of cefoxitin or less. The effect of Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was negligible. Cefoxitin was less active than cephalothin against gram-positive cocci, the difference being most pronounced against enterococci. Cephalothin was also found to be more active than cefoxitin against P. mirabilis, while cefoxitin was superior to cephalothin against E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., P. vulgaris and P. morganii. PMID- 7249787 TI - Antimicrobial activity and synergism of cefuroxime on anaerobic bacteria. AB - In vitro efficacy of cefuroxime was tested against 333 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria, including 80 strains of Bacteroides fragilis. Its activity was compared with that of cefamandole and cefoxitin. In addition, the antimicrobial synergism of cefuroxime was tested in combination with either penicillin or carbenicillin against B. fragilis. At 16 microgram/ml, cefuroxime inhibited 70% of all anaerobic bacteria, but it was ineffective against 64% of B. fragilis strains tested. Cefuroxime in combination with penicillin or carbenicillin exerted excellent synergistic activity against two of the three isolates of B. fragilis tested and had an additive effect on the other. Although cefuroxime by itself is ineffective against B. fragilis, it acts synergistically with penicillin or carbenicillin. PMID- 7249788 TI - Use of the biophotometer in the evaluation of antibacterial compounds. PMID- 7249789 TI - Vapour phase activity of imazalil. AB - A series of in vitro experiments with imazalil is described. It is demonstrated that the compound has fungistatic, fungicidal and even sporocidal activity in the vapour phase against a wide variety of fungal species, e.g., dermatophytes, Candida albicans, and plant-pathogenic fungi. Possible practical applications are discussed. PMID- 7249791 TI - Reports on ceftriaxone (Rocephin). PMID- 7249792 TI - Clinical study of Rocephin, a 3d generation cephalosporin, in various septicaemias. AB - Rocephin (Ro 13-9904, ceftriaxone) is a new injectable 3d generation cephalosporin characterised by a high intrinsic activity, a high resistance to beta-lactamases and a half-life of 8 h which is 4-10 times as long as the half lives of the other cephalosporins. We administered Rocephin intravenously at a dosage of 2 x 1 g/day in 23 cases of septicaemia confirmed by positive blood cultures. The results achieved were good in 21 cases (cure of the infection episode), fair in 1 case (need to supplement Rocephin with ampicillin) and poor in 1 case of septicaemia due to resistant enterococci. The clinical and biological tolerance was excellent, and administration was particularly easy. PMID- 7249790 TI - Therapeutic activity of pretazettine on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma: adjuvant effect on standard drugs in ABC regimen. AB - A narcissus alkaloid, pretazettine hydrochloride (PTZ), has been shown to be active against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. The Ehrlich cells are more sensitive to PTZ in DBA/2 mice than in Swiss mice. The therapeutic activity of the individual standard drugs in ABC (adriamycin, BCNU, and cyclophosphamide) regimen against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma has been increased remarkably by the adjuvant therapy of PTZ following the preliminary use of standard drugs. The independent inhibitory action of PTZ on cellular protein synthesis in the presence of the DNA binding agent has been demonstrated in KB-cell cultures. Adriamycin-pretreated KB cells are found to be more sensitive to PTZ than nontreated cells. PMID- 7249794 TI - Pharmacokinetics of Rocephin, a highly active new cephalosporin with an exceptionally long biological half-life. AB - The total (bound and unbound) plasma concentration time profiles following the three intravenous doses of Rocephin (150, 500 and 1,500 mg) declined in a biphasic manner. A simple compartment analysis was inappropriate since a dose disproportional increase in the area under the total drug concentration time curve (AUCT,0(-8)) occurred. This resulted in unstable, dose-dependent total systemic clearance (9.7-13.0 ml/min) and volume of distribution (7.0-8.6 litres) values. The dose-dependent pharmacokinetic changes could be completely explained in terms of the concentration-dependent plasma protein binding (fp ranging from 0.04 to 0.17 in the concentration range from 0.5 to 300 micrograms/ml). Hence, the pharmacokinetics of free (unbound) Rocephin was linear and dose-independent. With reference to free (unbound) drug the mean total clearance was 255 ml/min and the mean renal clearance about 160 ml/min. The renal clearance was therewith slightly higher than the average glomerular filtration rate in man (approximately 125 ml/min). Consequently the coadministration of probenecid (1 g) had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of Rocephin. The mean plasma half-life of Rocephin was not influenced by dose and averaged 8 h. It was therewith the longest ever reported one for a cephalosporin in healthy volunteers. PMID- 7249793 TI - Penetration of 14C-Ro 13-9904 into tissue cage fluid in rabbits. AB - The pharmacokinetics of Ro 13-9904/001 following i.v. injection of 40 mg/kg was studied in a tissue cage model in rabbits. Binding to rabbit serum proteins was determined by ultrafiltration and found to be 98% at a concentration of 100 microgram/ml. In the early post-injection period concentrations of the drug in rabbit serum reached 500-900 microgram/ml, the antibiotic binding capacity of serum proteins was exceeded and the outflow of drug into the tissues was high. Tissue cage fluid (TCF) concentrations increased during 4h, such as to reach a maximum level of about 30 microgram/ml. After 8 h a t1/2 of 15 h was calculated both in serum and TCF. From 36 h onwards the t1/2 was 75 h. After a single injection of 14C-Ro 13-9904/001 radiological activity could be followed in serum and TCF for 7-10 days and in urine for more than 2 weeks. The results are discussed and compared to those from similar experiments with benzylpenicillin and flucloxacillin. PMID- 7249795 TI - Multiple intravenous dose pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in man. PMID- 7249796 TI - Treatment of purulent meningitis with a new cephalosporin-Rocephin (Ro 13-9904). Clinical, bacteriological and pharmacological observations in 24 cases. AB - In 21 of the 24 cases the diagnosis of purulent meningitis was confirmed by culturing the causal agent and/or by immunological diagnosis. The daily dosage of Rocephin ranged between 15 and 200 mg/kg administered in 2 i.m. injections. A cure was achieved in cases of meningococcal meningitis (1 case with sequelae: blindness in one eye), in 5 out of 6 cases of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis (1 case with severe neuropsychiatric sequelae), in 3 out of 9 cases of pneumococcal meningitis and in 2 out of 4 cases of enterobacterial meningitis. The tolerance was generally excellent. Sterilisation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was achieved in all 20 cases of meningitis confirmed by culture. The MIC levels are lower than the lowest CSF peak for Rocephin found in this study. The unusual pharmacological behavior of Rocephin makes it possible to achieve and to maintain for a long time highly satisfactory concentration levels in the CSF. These properties of Rocephin should lift the long-standing objections to the use of cephalosporins for the treatment of purulent meningitis. PMID- 7249797 TI - Antibacterial properties of Ro 13-99041, a long-acting new cephalosporin. AB - The antibacterial properties of the new cephalosporin RO 13-9904 were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The compound showed good activity against Entero-bacteriaceae and gram-positive cocci, except Streptococcus faecalis. Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis were extremely susceptible to Ro 13-9904. The bactericidal activity of Ro 13-9004 was comparable to that of cefotaxime. The new cephalosporin showed better therapeutic efficacy in mice against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than cefotaxime, cefoperazone, azlocillin, and piperacillin. Ro 13-9904 was highly effective in prophylactic studies, in contrast to cefotaxime, SCE-1365, cefoperazone and piperacillin. This indicates that Ro 13-9004 essentially differs from other beta-lactam compounds in showing unusually prolonged in vivo efficacy. PMID- 7249798 TI - Treatment of severe lower respiratory tract infections with ceftriaxone (Ro 13 9904). A pilot study. AB - Two pilot comparative trials in 29 patients suffering from severe lower respiratory tract infections are described. 15 patients received 7-10.5 g ceftriaxone as a total dose and 14 received 28 g amoxicillin, both antibiotics being given by intravenous route during 1 week. The local and systemic tolerance of the drugs were satisfactory; no adverse reactions or relevant laboratory changes were noticed. The clinical response was favourable in all patients. The mot relevant pathogens found in the sputum were Streptococcus pneumoniae in 11 cases and Haemophilus influenzae in 15 cases. Less relevant microorganisms such as Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia, Pseudomonas sp. and Streptococcus viridans were cultivated prior to therapy. The two main pathogens disappeared from the sputum after therapy in 11 of 13 patients treated with ceftriaxone and in 10 of 13 treated with amoxicillin. The results of these pilot studies indicate that 7 10.5 g ceftriaxone are as active as 28 g amoxicillin in the treatment of severe lower respiratory tract infections. PMID- 7249799 TI - Children and death: guidelines for grief work. AB - Many of the emotional and relational difficulties children face in successfully resolving grief work are correlated with their conceptual framework surrounding the meaning of death. Children's abilities to survive emotional crisis are strengthened by the parent or counselor who is able to address with the child possible conflicts of meaning and to confront paradoxes and problems which put the child's framework in jeopardy. PMID- 7249800 TI - Child abandonment: historical, sociological and psychological perspectives. AB - Even thought the act of physical abandonment is a relatively common occurrence, it remains an understudied social phenomena. It has been an act of parents since earliest times, but even in our modern enlightened society, children are still ejected from their homes and physically abandoned in frightening numbers. Even though attention has been directed toward the understanding and combating of the numerous variations of child abuse and neglect, the problem of physical abandonment is rarely discussed until sensationalistic news reports emerge to remind us that children are still left in parks or on street corners. To further understand this phenomena of child abandonment, this paper reviews the literature and examines the process from historical, sociological and psychological perspectives. This report looks to stimulate further interest in physical child abandonment and its precursor, psychological child rejection, as forms of child abuse and neglect which can and should be combated by proper psychiatric intervention. PMID- 7249801 TI - Medical histories of abused delinquents. AB - The medical histories of 12 abused and 69 nonabused incarcerated delinquent children from the same geographic area were compared. Children who were abused had significantly more hospital visits, emergency room visits, ward admissions, accidents, (especially head and face trauma), and respiratory illnesses through age 16. Perinatal difficulties and psychiatric symptoms were more prevalent in the histories of abused delinquents than in those of nonabused delinquents. The authors discuss the role of child abuse in the development of serious delinquent behaviors. PMID- 7249802 TI - Documentation of change in problem behaviors among anxious and hostile-aggressive children enrolled in a therapeutic preschool program. AB - A relatively simple, straightforward procedure is utilized to identify and document changes in problem behaviors among children enrolled in a therapeutic preschool program. Results of two outcome measures indicated a significant overall reduction in problem behaviors for the total group. When subgroups of anxious and hostile/aggressive children were considered, however, there was a significantly greater probability that anxious children would benefit more from the program than hostile/aggressive children. The need to consider subgroups of patients when documented treatment effectiveness is emphasized, and the advantage of building documentation techniques into the record-keeping system is discussed. PMID- 7249803 TI - Adult perception of infant appearance: a review. AB - Recent research is reviewed which deals with adult perception of variations in specific features of infant appearance. While there is relative consensus as to the general features which compose the "babyishness" ideal type, there is less work examining the representative variation of these specific features as a function of gestational age or infant population. An important distinction is made between behavioral expressivity and morphological appearance. Research on infant behavioral assessment and social expressiveness is assessed with regard to how well different studies account for the distinct influence of behavioral expressivity and morphological appearance. Several ways of accounting for the functional significance of infant appearance are presented and speculation is given as to the effect of infant appearance on the developing adult-infant relationship. PMID- 7249805 TI - Residential treatment for families of maltreated children. PMID- 7249804 TI - A clinical and EEG sleep study in the differential diagnosis of pre-pubertal depression: state of the art. AB - The diagnosis of depression in childhood and adolescence remains problematic. We present an overview of the literature on the diagnosis of childhood and adolescent depression with particular reference to the potential utility of EEG sleep studies. A case of a pre-pubertal boy with depressive symptomatology is presented to illustrate some of the diagnosis difficulties and the application of EEG sleep studies in their resolution. The need for further systematic investigation of EEG sleep correlation of depression in childhood and adolescence is emphasized. PMID- 7249806 TI - A developmental perspective on runaway behavior: its relationship to child abuse. PMID- 7249807 TI - The child victim's role in sexual assault by adults. PMID- 7249808 TI - Health care supervision of foster children. PMID- 7249809 TI - The homosexual adolescent: developmental issues and social bias. PMID- 7249810 TI - Reactive depression in youths experiencing emancipation. PMID- 7249811 TI - Antecedents and consequences of parental rights termination for abused and neglected children. PMID- 7249812 TI - Depression in middle and late childhood: implications for intervention. PMID- 7249813 TI - Infratentorial arachnoid cysts in children. AB - 8 Children surgically treated for posterior fossa arachnoid cyst are described. In all the cases an enlarging head was the presenting sign; intracranial hypertension was evident in 6 patients; 2 children were clinically regarded as being affected by 'arrested' hydrocephalus. Preoperative subarachnoid lumbar infusion tests (8 cases) and prolonged intraventricular CSF pressure recordings (2 cases) demonstrated abnormal CSF dynamics in 6 cases. Ultramicroscopic examinations of the cyst wall (4 cases) suggest alterations in the anatomical arrangement of the arachnoid membrane, which supports the hypothesis of maldevelopment as the origin of the lesion. PMID- 7249814 TI - Percutaneous choroid plexus coagulation in hydranencephaly. AB - Percutaneous intracranial endoscopy, performed on 3 infants with hydranencephaly and signs of intracranial hypertension, showed normal choroid plexus and choroid arteries in 2 patients. Transendoscopic coagulation of the arteries and plexus alleviated intracranial hypertension postoperatively. Minimal choroid plexus and no choroid arteries were present in the 3rd patient and coagulation did not alter the clinical course. Computerized tomography scans of the infants with normal choroid plexus demonstrated cerebral tissue in the region of the caudate nucleus; the child with minimal choroid plexus had tissue only in the region of the posterior thalamus. PMID- 7249815 TI - Anterior third ventricle meningioma in a child. PMID- 7249816 TI - Total craniopagus twins. PMID- 7249817 TI - Pinealoma (Germinoma) treated by direct surgery and postoperative irradiation. A long-term follow-up. PMID- 7249818 TI - Characteristics of intracranial meningiomas in childhood. AB - 18 cases of meningiomas in childhood below the age of 15 years at the onset of symptoms and signs were experienced in our clinic. They were studied as for the incidence, age and sex distributions, symptoms and signs at the onset, tumor locations, histological types, presence of cyst, dural attachments, and prognosis, in comparison with cases in adolescence (18 cases) and in adults (498 cases). Distinctive features in childhood meningiomas were: (1) relatively high incidence in the lateral ventricles (11.1%), (2) high incidence of cyst formation in the tumor (16.7%), and (3) of cases without any dural attachment (12.5%). These features were statistically significant as compared to adult cases (p less than 0.05). Features 1 and 2 were also true for adolescence cases. It was also revealed that male patients were predominant in childhood and adolescence (M:F = 10.8) in contrast to female predominance in adults (M:F = 1:1.6). The most frequent histological type was sarcomatous type (6 out of 18). It may be of interest that 3 cases of this malignant type have been alive for more than 10 years. PMID- 7249819 TI - An investigation of factors contributing to the apparent overselective responding of mentally retarded children. AB - 2 experiments are described in which the performances of younger MA and older MA retarded children are compared. The experiments were conducted in an attempt to explain why younger MA children appear to be overselective on discrimination tasks containing relevant redundant cues. In experiment 1, the younger MA children were more likely than the older MA children to learn the discrimination on a configurational basis. In experiment 2, the children experienced either a simultaneous or a successive version of the relevant redundant-cue problem. Only the older MA group of children who were presented with the simultaneous problem demonstrated learning of the individual relevant dimensions. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that younger MA children appear to be overselective because they tend to solve discriminations on a configurational, rather than on a dimensional, basis. It does not seem prudent to relate overselectivity to limited breadth of attention. PMID- 7249820 TI - The role of symmetry in infant form discrimination. AB - This study examined whether infants can discriminate form on the basis of symmetrical organization when other stimulus factors are equated. 48 4-month-olds were tested in a habituation-dishabituation discrimination paradigm using vertically symmetrical, horizontally symmetrical, and asymmetrical forms. Infants discriminated vertically symmetrical forms from asymmetrical and from horizontally symmetrical ones, but they did not discriminate horizontally symmetrical forms from asymmetrical ones, nor did they discriminate asymmetrical forms from one another. This pattern of results suggests that the global organization embodied in vertical symmetry promotes perceptual discrimination. 12 additional 4-month-olds were habituated and tested with 2 vertical patterns. Their failure to demonstrate a reliable pattern of dishabituation suggests that babies respond to goodness of organization rather than to details unique to particular symmetrical patterns. PMID- 7249821 TI - A longitudinal study of prism adaptation in infants from six to nine months of age. AB - This study replicated a previous demonstration of prism-induced aftereffects in 5 9-month-old infants. Aftereffects were considered to be changes in direction of reaching for visual targets following prism exposure. The present study employed a longitudinal design. In the experimental group, infants were exposed to 25 diopter lateral displacing prisms once each month from 5 to 9 months. Since many of the subjects were unable to complete testing at 5 months, data for that age level were not included in the main analyses. In a control group, infants were tested each month but were exposed to prisms only at 9 months of age. The magnitude of aftereffects for control subjects at 9 months was not significantly greater than aftereffects obtained for experimentals at 6 months, so there was little evidence of changes in adaptability due to age or repeated exposure to the prisms. The finding of an increase in the frequency of reaching with the left hand during exposure to leftward-deviating prisms was replicated. Such a shift in hand preference probably represents an alternative form of adaptation which for methodological reasons has not been observed in adults. The aftereffect and frequency results were complementary and provide a clear demonstration of adaptation to prismatic displacement between 6 and 9 months. PMID- 7249822 TI - Stability of behaviorally induced heart-rate changes in children after one week. AB - Examining the stability of individual differences in behaviorally induced heart rate reactivity in children, 34 boys having a mean age of 101.9 months were presented a cognitive task to perform "as rapidly and accurately as possible" at each of 2 experimental sessions scheduled 1 week apart, and recordings of heart rate were obtained during periods of rest and task performance on each occasion of testing. Task-related heart-rate reactivity across the 2 experimental sessions revealed substantial and highly reproducible individual differences, as evidenced (1) by subsets of subjects representing clearly differentiated groups of heart rate reactors and non-reactors, and (2) by correlation of subjects' mean heart rate responses between the first and second sessions. Individual differences in heart-rate reactivity were independent of subjects' task performance. PMID- 7249823 TI - The developmental course of behavioral states in preterm infants: a descriptive study. AB - This study describes longitudinal changes in observable states of 58 preterm infants, 29-40 weeks conceptional age, after various forms of stimulation were given during a standardized neurologic examination. The states used in this investigation were considered only in terms of observable behavior. The data indicate that regardless of conceptional age, the level of arousal increased as the examination progressed. Both the rapidity of change from lower to higher states and the predominant highest state reached were clearly dependent upon conceptional age. No relationship between length of extrauterine life with states at 40 weeks was found. PMID- 7249824 TI - Neglected children: mothers' report of child behavior problems and observed verbal behavior. AB - This laboratory investigation assessed situational differences in observed maternal verbal behavior and the report of child behavior problems between groups of low-income Caucasian mothers and their neglected, behavior problem, or nonproblem children. Relative to controls, the interactions of neglect mothers were most negative and controlling during child-directed play. Behavior-problem mothers were most negative and as controlling as neglect mothers during parent directed play. Both groups reported more difficult child behavior than controls. The results indicate the importance of considering situational variability and mode of analysis (i.e., frequency and/or percentage) when behavior differences between groups are being determined. PMID- 7249825 TI - Social interaction in hearing and deaf preschoolers: successes and failures in initiations. AB - Dyadic free play of 32 children (16 deaf, 16 hearing) who attended the same preschool was videotaped on 2 occasions, once with a hearing partner and once with a deaf partner. Each 15-min play session was analyzed in terms of the hearing and deaf children's initiation strategies, their responsiveness to one another's initiations, and the characteristics of successful and unsuccessful initiations. Results indicated that mean interaction duration and proportion of time spent in interaction were greater in "like" (hearing child and hearing partner or deaf child and deaf partner) as opposed to "mixed" dyads. Contrary to previous hypotheses about inadequate communication skills, deaf children were found to be persistent initiators who frequently combined social acts. Underlying similarities were also apparent in the types of initiating acts used by hearing and deaf children. At the same time, however, the deaf preschoolers encountered interaction difficulties. Their initiation attempts were more likely than those of their hearing counterparts to be actively refused. They were also more likely to be recipients of inappropriate initiations, such as gestures or vocalizations to their backs. These results were discussed in terms of previous hypotheses about inferior social skills of the deaf and for their relevance to programs interested in integrating hearing and nonhearing children. PMID- 7249826 TI - Adult reactions to children's cross-gender verbal behavior. AB - Reactions of teachers and college students were obtained to a child, labeled male or female, exhibiting stereotypically masculine or feminine verbal behavior. The findings were: (1) adults did not redirect or discourage cross-gender compared with gender-appropriate behavior; (2) adults rated same-sex children higher on a subset of masculine traits, regardless of the child's behavior; (3) adult females rated the child more positively and responded to the child in a more reinforcing manner than did males; (4) male teachers responded to the child more positively than nonteachers, but the reverse was true for females; (5) all adults reinforced feminine more than masculine behaviors; and (6) nonteachers were more attracted to the female child and the child exhibiting feminine behaviors, while teachers were more attracted to the male child and the child exhibiting masculine behaviors. PMID- 7249828 TI - Social factors influencing absenteeism due to illness in nursery school children. AB - An archival study involving data for 204 children enrolled in a nursery school examined social and other factors related to absenteeism from school due to reported illness. Parents' ratings of the child's sociability prior to entering school were inversely related to absenteeism rate during the first year of school after statistically controlling for socioeconomic class, birth order, sex, the child's early health history, and family and sibling interaction patterns. Additional analyses based on a subset of the sample indicated that teachers' perceptions of the children's sociability were also related to absentee rates (but not to parents' sociability ratings). PMID- 7249827 TI - Gender constancy and the effects of sex-typed televised toy commercials. AB - The present study represented a cognitive-developmental analysis of the effects of televised, sex-stereotypic information on children's behavior and attitudes toward toy play. The subjects were 50 male and 50 female 4-6-year-olds divided into high and low gender-constancy levels. As the children watched a cartoon, they either saw a commercial of a gender-neutral toy that showed 2 boys or 2 girls playing with the toy, or they saw no commercial (control). As predicted, only the high gender-constant children were differentially affected by the sex role information in the different commercial conditions. Children at this stage who saw opposite-sex children playing with the toy avoided spending time with the toy and stated verbally that the toy was more appropriate for an opposite-sex sibling, relative to children in the 2 other conditions. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for theories of sex-role development and in terms of the role that television may play in maintaining sex stereotypes and sex-typed behavior. PMID- 7249829 TI - The effects of family constellation and child gender on parental use of evaluative feedback. AB - Mothers and fathers of 43 middle-class families were observed individually interacting during a paper-folding task with either their only or middle child in order to assess parental use of evaluation and task-facilitative behaviors with preschoolers. Middle children were from 3-child families in which the older sibling was the same sex as the target child. Sibling spacing was greater than 36 months in 12 families and less than 36 months in 11 families. With total interaction, parental income, education, and age as control variables, analyses indicated that parental approvals, disapprovals, task facilitative feedback, and helping behaviors varied with parent gender, child gender, and family constellation. Children's task performance did not differ significantly among groups. It was concluded that gender effects on parental use of evaluation feedback in parent-child teaching interactions may be different for families with different types of family structure. PMID- 7249830 TI - The averaged evoked potential in the study of infant auditory discrimination. AB - This study was conducted to determine whether an averaged evoked potential technique using a random-versus-repetitive presentation mode, could be used to study auditory discrimination in infants. We were interested in which stimulus mode, random-novel or repetitive, would result in greater responsiveness in terms of central nervous system evoked potential latencies and amplitudes. Recordings were made of 20 normal full-term infants between 14 and 18 weeks of age. Two different stimuli were used to create the random and repetitive modes: a burst of 125-Hz square waves (a buzz) and a burst of white noise. Two interstimulus intervals were also used, fast (1,000 msec) and slow (1,700 msec), to determine which rate is most effective. Ten of the infants were tested at the slow rate and 10 at the fast rate. Results for the N2 component of the averaged evoked potential (AEP) showed a main effect of presentation mode with a shorter latency for random versus repetitive. The shortest onset latency was for the random stimulus at the fast rate. The mean amplitude of N2 for all repetitive presentations at the slow rate was significantly larger. PMID- 7249831 TI - The theoretical distribution of evoked brainstem activity in preterm, high-risk, and healthy infants. AB - The observed scores for a number of parameters (amplitude, latency, interwave differences, and ratios) of the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) were plotted in order to ascertain the sampling distribution at selected ages. Comparisons between preterm and high-risk infants and healthy controls were also made. The cumulative frequency histograms for all but one BAEP variable were found to be normally distributed. Although this finding held across the age and diagnostic category, healthy and risk populations revealed distinct curves due primarily to the dispersion of scores rather than to the shape of the distributions. Only the amplitude ratio of waves 1 and 5 did not match the normal curve. The assumption of normality which underlies most "standard" statistical analyses can therefore be met for many BAEP measures. PMID- 7249832 TI - [Infection and phagocytic function of granulocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249833 TI - Separation and purification of myeloma proteins. AB - Three myeloma proteins, IgG lambda, IgA lambda and IgM lambda, were identified by protein electrophoresis (PEP), immunoglobulin quantitation and immunoelectrophoresis (IEP). Preparative block electrophoresis was generally carried out as an initial step to separate the myeloma proteins. The myeloma proteins thus separated were then passed through either diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) ion exchange chromatography and recycled in a Sephadex G-200 column, or first through gel filtration and recycled in DEAE. An attempt to bypass the step of preparative electrophoresis in the separation of IgG myeloma protein by passing the serum directly into a DEAE column was proved to be inappropriate. The IgM myeloma protein had a marked tendency to cryoprecipitate and to form euglobulin, and this property was utilized to separate the crude myeloma protein. The purified myeloma protein fractions were concentrated and dialyzed with Ultrafiltration (Amicon) and retested for purity with PEP, double diffusion (DD) and IEP. Some special physiochemical properties which affected the purification procedures are discussed. PMID- 7249834 TI - [Preparation of rubella virus hemagglutination antigen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249835 TI - [The fungi and their spores in the air in Taipei area]. PMID- 7249836 TI - A case of malignant lymphoma of bone with myeloma-like manifestations. PMID- 7249837 TI - [The costo-coracoid membrane: importance in vasculo-neural physiology of the subclavicular fossa]. PMID- 7249838 TI - [Mechanical inspection of the intermediary coated prosthesis]. PMID- 7249840 TI - [Isolated distal dislocation of the ulna]. PMID- 7249842 TI - [Fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone with unusual displacement]. PMID- 7249841 TI - [idiopathic dislocation of the radial head (an unusual, unpublished, anatomopathological finding)]. PMID- 7249839 TI - [Radionecrosis of the back of the hand]. PMID- 7249843 TI - [Remote results of the Charnley type of joint prosthesis in our patients (review of 279 hip prostheses)]. PMID- 7249844 TI - [Surgical re-operations in failures of hip joint prostheses]. PMID- 7249845 TI - [Bioelectrical potentials of bone. Experimental notes]. PMID- 7249846 TI - [Electromyographic study of neuromuscular changes in congenital and neurogenic clubfoot]. PMID- 7249847 TI - [Ender's fasciculated nailing of pertrochanteric fractures in aged patients. Results of 1 year's experience]. PMID- 7249848 TI - [Mechanical inspection of the spherical articulation in hip prostheses]. PMID- 7249849 TI - [Legalization of medicine - a phenomenon and its consequences]. PMID- 7249850 TI - [Painful conditions in the inguinal area and hip from a neurological point of view]. PMID- 7249851 TI - [Painful conditions in the inguinal area and hip from a surgical point of view]. PMID- 7249853 TI - [Intracondylar knee joint prosthesis with rotation capacity- Endo model]. AB - The St. Georg total knee prosthesis has been modified to incorporate axial rotation of the tibial component. The kinematics approximate more those of the normal knee and the stress imposed at the bone-cement interface are attenuated, thus reducing the risk of mechanical failure. The construction and laboratory testing are described. PMID- 7249854 TI - [Technic of delayed skin flap transplantation]. AB - In 38 patients a "delayed skin flap transplantation" was performed after excision of malignant melanomas. The skin graft can be stored in a refrigerator at 4 degrees C for 2 weeks without damage to the transplant. The transplantation was usually done 4 days postoperatively. Advantages of this method seem to be a decreased risk of local infection, early mobilisation of the patient, and generally good cosmetic results. PMID- 7249852 TI - [Painful conditions in the hip area from an orthopedic point of view]. PMID- 7249855 TI - [Starch granulomas caused by glove powder]. AB - Simultaneously with the introduction of new surgical gloves with heavily powdered outside surfaces, complications repeatedly occurred after laparotomies. Four patients were compelled to undergo a second operation, during which peritoneal fibrous adhesions and foreign body granulomas of omentum were found. After resection of the omentum, healing proceeded without disturbance. Five different types of surgical rubber gloves were examined by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the effect was evaluated of different commonly applied preoperative rinsing procedures for gloved hands. The amount of powder found on the outside of regularly used gloves varied between 0.059 and 0.287 g. The effect on the proper healing process by starch powder deposits found on the outside of surgical gloves as well as upon optimal cleansing of the surgical teams' hands will be discussed. PMID- 7249856 TI - [Preoperative ultrasonic diagnosis and localization of enlarged parathyroid glands in suspected hyperparathyroidism]. AB - Since August 1978, the neck of 68 patients with the clinical diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism was examined by ultrasound. The accuracy of the method increased from 61% during the first period of investigation to 82% using a newly developed ultrasound scanner. These results are comparable with those obtained by invasive methods like angiography or selective venous blood sampling for the assay of parathyroid hormone. Positive preoperative localization of enlarged parathyroid glands confirmed the diagnosis of HPT. Cases involving acute HPT preoperative localization of enlarged parathyroid glands requires prompt surgical management. Preoperative localization of an adenoma allows direct removal of the enlarged gland and exploration of the others within the immediate section from microscopic examination under surgery. PMID- 7249860 TI - [Controlled clinical studies; yes or no? Legal aspects of experimental medicine (1981)]. PMID- 7249859 TI - [Craniotomy and cervical vertebrae injury - problems of extending the skull. Case report]. PMID- 7249857 TI - [Experimental liver arterialization following portacaval shunt - rehabilitation]. AB - Comparative investigations were carried out on rats with healthy livers and rats with thioacetamide-cirrhotic livers on postoperative days 2 and 21 following end to-side portacaval anastomosis alone and with additional (documented) flow limited arterialization of the portal stump. After portacaval anastomosis alone, all the parameters investigated (biochemical, pharmacokinetic, and morphological) were impaired. By means of the additional flow-limited arterialization, the disadvantages can be greatly headed off, more clearly in healthy than in cirrhotic animals. PMID- 7249858 TI - [Femoral nerve compression syndrome following retroperitoneal bleeding]. PMID- 7249861 TI - [The freeze preserved venous allograft. 96 implantations results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249863 TI - [Recent progress in the total correction of Fallot's tetralogy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249862 TI - [Emergency almost total colectomy for occlusion by a colon tumour. Report on two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249865 TI - [The utilisation of the greater omentum in cancerology. From the study of 297 cases. A work of the group of surgeons from the French Centers of the Fight against Cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249866 TI - [The place of splenohepatoplasty after its use for more than a decade: value of organohepatoplasties in the treatment of hepatic cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249864 TI - [Should the Gritti amputation technique now replace amputation through the lower third of the thigh? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249869 TI - [Urgent diagnosis of abdominal lesions in patients with multiple injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249870 TI - [Cytopuncture of breast tumors]. PMID- 7249867 TI - [Mountain hypothermia: current therapeutic measures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249868 TI - [Subtotal parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7249871 TI - Circadian heart rate rhythmicity: comparison between an Eskimo and other population groups. AB - This brief communication reports the results of 24-ambulatory cardiac monitoring of a Bering Strait Eskimo population and compares the findings with 3 other populations. Similar heart rate rhythmicity and almost identical acrophases are found in the Eskimo, Aymara Indian and French populations. However, the Alaskan Eskimo and Aymara Indian 24-h means vary by approximately 15 beats/min, with the American population between these two. The mesor displays most radical differences. PMID- 7249872 TI - Circadian rhythm of temperature in man. Comparative study with two experiment protocols. AB - The circadian rhythm of rectal and skin temperature was studied in man at rest and at thermal neutrality according to two different protocols, to make allowance for the experimental conditions. In the first case, ambient temperature (To) was maintained at a constant value close to thermal neutrality and mean skin temperature (Ts) could evolve freely for 24 h. In the second case, Ts was maintained at 34 degrees C by adequately adjusting To during 90 min-periods divided into 8 equidistant points of the 24-h spans. The results were comparable and brought out a rhythm of rectal temperature (Tre) of a low amplitude, non sinusoidal, with a day-time plateau and a night-time minimum. The Ts and body conductance rhythm, the lack of metabolism and evaporative thermolysis rhythm led to us to confer a major role to the circulatory phenomena to explain the Tre rhythm in these experiments. PMID- 7249873 TI - The central nervous system and its operation in cardiovascular control. AB - In the intact organism environmental disturbances affecting the circulation often result in simultaneous changes of several groups of peripheral afferents. These elicit characteristic patterns of autonomic activity with distinctive patterns of vagal activity, of regional sympathetic neural activity and of adrenal catecholamine secretion. During simultaneous changes in several groups of afferents the autonomic responses are often non-linear, with the response to one input markedly influenced by the level of the others. When these non-linear interactions involve the central arterial baroreflex pathways the properties of the body's blood pressure system can become greatly altered. With certain combinations of afferents these interactions make it possible for the organism to better withstand large perturbations than it could do through the normal properties of the arterial baroreceptor reflex. The different neuron groups contributing to the CNS autonomic pathways release many different transmitters including noradrenaline or serotonin and changes in reflex properties result from alterations in transmitter release in one or other of the pathways of the particular network. The peripheral arterial baroreceptors become rapidly reset during sustained alterations in blood pressure. Their 'memory' for any given absolute blood pressure is only a few minutes duration. Hence sustained changes in autonomic activity depend on the properties of the CNS either through signals arising from other groups of peripheral receptors, from central 'command' or owing to changes in transmitter release in a given pathway. PMID- 7249875 TI - Sympathetic abnormalities in human hypertension. PMID- 7249877 TI - Blood pressure of alloxan diabetic rats at regular and high salt intake. AB - To identify any relationship between diabetes mellitus and high salt intake in the production of hypertension, we studied the effect of a regular and high salt diet on blood pressure in rats made diabetic with alloxan. The diabetic animals developed marked hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and azotemia out of proportion to changes in glomerular filtration rate. Non-diabetic rats and diabetic rats on a high salt intake in excess of 14 mEq/day developed modest but significant increases in blood pressure, while diabetic rats on a regular diet did not. We conclude that diabetic rats have no greater susceptibility to salt-induced hypertension than rats receiving only salt. Although it is possible that dehydration may have served to attenuate blood pressure increases in our diabetic animals, the diabetic state per se does not appear to result in severe hypertension in the rat regardless of sodium intake. PMID- 7249874 TI - Centrally-generated commands and cardiovascular control in man. AB - It has long been established that neural activity generated wholly within the central nervous system can affect cardiovascular control. Even during complete paralysis the central cycling of respiratory neurones can impose respiratory rhythmicity on heart rate and vasomotion, and alter the effectiveness of purely cardiovascular reflexes. During muscular exercise centrally-generated voluntary motor command signals contribute to the stimulation of heart rate and the rise in blood pressure. This is seen, for example, when muscular weakness is induced by partial curarization, by fatigue, or by other means, so that a given level of muscular contraction is achieved only with an increased motor command, or 'effort'. Such command-related stimuli are essentially without cardiovascular feedback and are likely at most to provide coarse adjustments upon which finer controls are superimposed by well-known reflex mechanisms. PMID- 7249876 TI - Lowering of blood pressure by direct- and indirect-acting serotonin agonists in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 1-(m-Trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine, a serotonin agonist, lowered blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at doses of 2 to 10 mg/kg s.c. A structurally related compound lacking serotonin agonist activity, 4-(m trifluoromethylphenyl)piperidine, was ineffective. Quipazine, another serotonin agonist, lowered blood pressure in SHR at doses of 0.1 to 2 mg/kg s.c. Fenfluramine, a serotonin-releasing drug, lowered blood pressure in SHR at doses of 2 and 5 mg/kg s.c. Metergoline (3 mg/kg s.c.), a serotonin antagonist, elevated blood pressure and prevented the decrease by all of the above agents. These findings are consistent with the view that enhancement of central serotonergic function lowers blood pressure in SHR. PMID- 7249878 TI - Thermoregulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats: effects of antihypertensive treatments. AB - Colonic temperature was measured in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Wistar Charles River (WIS) rats. The SHRs had higher basal temperature and their temperature decreased more rapidly when exposed to 4 degrees C than temperature of controls. During exposure to 37 degrees C for 2 hrs no controls but majority of SHRs died. Treatment with clonidine (1 mg/kg, b.i.d., 14 days), hydralazine (10 mg/kg, b.i.d., 14 days) or diuretics (chlorothiazide 100 mg/kg + spironolactone 10 mg/kg, q.d., 21 days) decreased blood pressure of SHRs but did not normalize their body temperatures and heat sensitivity. These results indicate thermoregulatory dysfunction in SHRs which is probably of central origin. PMID- 7249879 TI - Bleeding after liver biopsy does not correlate with indices of peripheral coagulation. AB - Contraindications for percutaneous liver biopsy are often derived arbitrarily from coagulation status of peripheral blood, but no objective data are available on the duration of bleeding from the site of liver biopsy. "Liver bleeding time" (LBT) was measured after liver biopsy had been performed at laparoscopy in 200 consecutive patients using a 1.8-mm-diameter Menghini needle. LBT was then analyzed in relation to prothrombin time, platelet count, whole blood clot time, length of biopsy cylinder, and liver histopathology. There was no correlation among any of these variables. The average LBT was 4 min 37 sec +/- 3 min 48 sec (SD). In 10 patients LBT was prolonged over 12 min (mean +/- 2 SD), but their clotting indices were not different from those of other patients. Bleeding could be stopped easily by compression if necessary. This lack of correlation may be explained by the high concentration of clotting factors in hepatic parenchyma and by mechanical compression of the needle track by the elastic tissue in the liver. It is concluded that indices of coagulation in the peripheral blood used in this study are unreliable guides of the risk of bleeding after liver biopsy and, hence, are of limited value in determining contraindications to this procedure. PMID- 7249880 TI - Altered bile acid metabolism in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Selected aspects of bile acid metabolism were assessed in six women with primary biliary cirrhosis and varying degrees of cholestasis. Urinary bile acid excretion was markedly increased and correlated highly with serum levels. In three patients in whom urinary bile acids were separated by chromatography, the majority of urinary bile acids were monosulfated (34%, 42%, 32%) or polysulfated and/or glucuronidated (30%, 20%, 38%). The monosulfates of chenodeoxycholic acid were conjugated at either the 3 position (67%, 68%, 73%) or the 7 position (33%, 32%, 27%); similarly, the monosulfates of cholic acid were conjugated at the 3 position (65%, 58%, 68%) or the 7 position (35%, 42%, 32%). The position of sulfation was not markedly influenced by the mode of amidation with glycine or taurine. Chenodeoxycholic exchangeable pool size, turnover rate, and synthesis were measured by isotope dilution and found to be well within normal limits, despite the cholestasis. The fraction of chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis excreted in urine ranged from 9 to 48%; 4--38% of chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis was sulfated. These data indicate that the major abnormalities in bile acid metabolism in patients with cholestasis secondary to primary biliary cirrhosis are formation of sulfated bile acids in greatly increased amounts, elevation of blood levels of primary bile acids, and a shift to renal excretion as a major mechanism for bile acid elimination. Chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis continues at its usual rate despite cholestasis. Whether these changes, including the formation of 7-monosulfated bile acids, occur in other forms of cholestasis and whether either the persistance of unchanged chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis or the formation of such novel conjugates has any pathophysiological significance remain to be investigated. PMID- 7249881 TI - Manometric characteristics of the extrahepatic biliary tract in dogs. AB - Pressure measurements of the whole extrahepatic biliary tract were performed in dogs using constant perfusion techniques. Studies were done during general anesthesia and in conscious trained dogs. Gallbladder intraluminal fasting pressure was significantly lower than common bile duct pressure. No motor activity was demonstrated in the common bile duct. At the cysticocholedochal junction a static high-pressure zone was observed, probably due to mechanical factors. At the level of the choledochoduodenal junction, a high-pressure zone with a sphincter behavior was demonstrated, with a resting pressure of 38 cm H2O above intraduodenal pressure and with rhythmic contractions with a mean amplitude of 88 cm H2O above duodenal pressure. Duodenal motility was completely different from sphincter dynamics. No differences in pressure values were seen during general anesthesia or in conscious state. PMID- 7249882 TI - Acid clearance during sleep in the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis. AB - Impaired esophageal clearing of refluxed gastric contents during sleep has been implicated in the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis. To more directly evaluate this hypothesis, 13 symptomatic patients with esophagitis and 13 normal controls had 15 ml of 0.1 N HCl instilled into the esophagus in the recumbent position while awake and during polygraphically monitored sleep. When sleep was maintained for the majority of the acid-clearing duration, the clearance times for both patients and controls were significantly prolonged when compared to those while awake (P less than 0.01). However, when sleep was maintained for less than 50% of the acid-clearing interval, the patients showed significantly longer acid clearance times. The swallowing rate did not differentiate the two groups under any condition. These data show that sleep impairs esophageal acid clearance. Acid clearance occurred predominantly in association with arousals from sleep. The defective acid clearance found in patients with esophagitis probably plays a major role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. PMID- 7249883 TI - Diet in Crohn's disease two studies of current and previous habits in newly diagnosed patients. AB - The consumption of sugar and sugar-containing foods in 32 patients with recently diagnosed Crohn's disease was significantly greater than in matched controls; the assessment was made by a questionnaire and depended upon patients recalling their eating habits. In a further study of 16 patients with Crohn's disease, all food eaten over 5 days was weighed and recorded, and no significant difference was found in the consumption of carbohydrate, protein, fats, or sugars, although the consumption of "added sugars" in patients was greater than controls. Patients who participated in both studies significantly reduced their intake of added sugar, and this was not found to correlate with either total intake of monosaccharides and disaccharides or the total carbohydrate consumption. The increased consumption of added sugar in patients with Crohn's disease does not appear to be related to other dietary abnormalities and may simply reflect a deficiency in perception of sweet taste in patients with this condition. PMID- 7249884 TI - HLA antigens in chronic idiopathic pancreatitis compared with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. AB - HLA A and B antigens in 46 patients with chronic pancreatitis were studied in Japan. Patients were divided into the two groups according to the etiology of the disease: one was chronic idiopathic pancreatitis (18 cases) and the other was chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (28 cases). One hundred twenty unrelated subjects were also examined as control. HLA B5 was detected in 14 of 18 cases of chronic idiopathic pancreatitis, which was significantly higher statistically than in control (P less than 0.001, corrected P less than 0.05). In contrast, no HLA antigens of locus A and B were found which had a relationship to chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. These results suggest that some genetic factors may be implicated in the development of chronic idiopathic pancreatitis and differing from that of alcoholic pancreatitis. PMID- 7249885 TI - Do prostaglandins cause gastrointestinal mucosal injury? AB - We have reviewed various examples of the injurious effects of prostaglandins on the gastrointestinal tract along with evidence that, in certain disease states, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents may have a prophylactic or therapeutic effect. The most important areas in which these drugs may be useful are in treatment or prevention of esophagitis, food intolerance symptoms, cholera, radiation-induced diarrhea, and ulcerative colitis. Although these two sets of facts appear to be contradictory, they may actually represent two distinct phenomena. The examples of deleterious effects of prostaglandins on gastrointestinal mucosa are all examples of inflammatory changes. Many changes occur in acute inflammation, including leukocytosis and chemotaxis of neutrophils to the area of inflammation. Release of many substances, including prostaglandins, histamine and bradykinin, occurs into the inflamed site. The prostaglandins involved in inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa may be quite different in source, type, and quantity from endogenous prostaglandins which play a role in cytoprotection. In addition, because other substances in addition to prostaglandins are involved in inflammation, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents do not act exclusively by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, the therapeutic benefit of antiinflammatory agents in gastrointestinal mucosa may be due to several mechanisms. Therefore, in spite of the strong evidence indicting nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs as occasionally harmful to the gastric, duodenal, and intestinal mucosa, we should not lose sight of their important potential therapeutic role in other areas of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7249886 TI - Primary Hodgkin's disease of the esophagus. AB - A 30-year-old man with progressive dysphagia and pain on alcohol ingestion was shown to have a mass lesion confined to the esophageal wall. The mass proved to be Hodgkin's disease. It was treated by surgical excision and radiotherapy and the patient remains well, five years after onset. While Hodgkin's disease presenting in the esophagus is rare, it warrants inclusion in the differential diagnosis of esophageal mass lesions. PMID- 7249887 TI - Amyloidosis and chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction. AB - A 39-year-old woman with multiple myeloma developed chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction associated with gastrointestinal amyloidosis. Motor abnormalities of the lower esophageal and anal sphincters correlated closely with amyloid infiltration in affected areas. Manometric abnormalities of esophageal and anal sphincter function may provide indirect evidence of amyloid deposition of gastrointestinal smooth muscle in an appropriate clinical setting. PMID- 7249888 TI - Hepatotoxicity following enflurane anesthesia. AB - We present a patient who developed clinical, biochemical, and histologic evidence of severe hepatic injury following enflurane anesthesia. PMID- 7249889 TI - Severe penicillin-induced cholestasis in a 91-year-old woman. AB - An elderly woman was admitted for treatment of severe stasis ulceration, associated with varicose veins. One course of cloxacillin was given orally followed by a second course of penicillin-G to eradicate persistant hemolytic streptococcal skin infection. Deep progressive jaundice subsequently developed due to intrahepatic cholestasis and persisted for several weeks before resolution. Having excluded a progressive extrahepatic malignant lesion by appropriate investigations, the diagnosis was substantiated by classical changes present in a percutaneous liver biopsy. PMID- 7249890 TI - Interdigestive canine pancreatic juice composition and pancreatic reflux and pancreatic sphincter anatomy. AB - Canine and human exocrine pancreatic secretion into the duodenum during fasting is cyclical and related to intestinal motility. To characterize the composition of pure pancreatic juice during the cyclically recurring sequence of propagated motor events (interdigestive motor complex) and to establish whether pancreatic reflux occurs, dogs were prepared with three permanent indwelling duodenal catheters and a pancreatodochal cutaneous catheter. The duodenal catheters were used to record duodenal pressures and measure pancreatic secretion of trypsin, lipase, and bicarbonate, based on the recovery of a constantly perfused marker, [14C]PEG. Pancreatic duct pressures or pancreatic juice concentrations of [14C]PEG, trypsin, lipase, or bicarbonate (done separately in each of five dogs throughout one interdigestive cycle on 4 different days) were related to duodenal motor activity. Finally, the pancreatic duct orifice of freshly sacrificed dogs was examined by light and electron microscopy. During fasting, (1) pancreatic volume secretion increased 10-fold during phases II, III, and IV (P less than 0.001), and bicarbonate concentration increased during phases III and IV (P less than 0.05) compared with phase I, while trypsin and lipase concentrations did not change; (2) reflux of duodenally perfused [14C]PEG into the pancreatic duct occurred in two of five dogs and was minimal (less than 0.1%); and (3) a positive mean pressure gradient from duodenum to pancreatic duct occurred only during phase III (7.4 +/- 4.1 cm H2O). Anatomic studies of the pancreatic duct opening showed a specialized papillary mucosa and an independent crescentic sphincter muscle. We conclude that during fasting, pancreatic juice composition is intimately linked to the different phases of interdigestive intestinal motor activity and that an efficient antireflux mechanism exists. PMID- 7249892 TI - Evidence for an intestinal mechanism of pancreatic polypeptide release. AB - The purpose of this study was to define the existence of an intestinal phase of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release and to assess whether it was mediated by a cholinergic-sensitive mechanism. Four conscious dogs with 20-cm upper intestinal Thiry-Vella loops and chronic gastric fistulas were used. The Thiry-Vella (T-V) loops were perfused with 10% liver extract or 0.154 M NaCl at a rate of 1 ml/min for 120 min. In a separate experiment, 240 ml of 10% liver extract was infused over a 5-min period into the stomach via the gastric fistula. Basal PP levels were 29 +/- 4 fmol/ml. The gastric infusion of liver extract caused a significant increase of plasma PP levels to a peak of 215 +/- 29 fmol/ml (P less than 0.05). The perfusion of the T-V loop with liver extract significantly increased plasma PP levels over basal to a peak of 73 +/- 14 fmol/ml (P less than 0.05). This value was significantly less than that released by gastric infusion of liver extract (P less than 0.05). Perfusion of the loop with NaCl did not significantly alter basal plasma PP levels (P greater than 0.05). PP release by perfusion of the T-V loop with liver extract was abolished by atropine intravenous bolus (0.2 mg/kg). Although the combination of bethanechol (100 microgram/kg/hr intravenous) and liver extract consistently increased the plasma levels of PP, the values did not attain statistical significance when compared to liver extract alone (P greater than 0.05). The data presented are thus consistent with the hypothesis that there is an enteric phase of pancreatic polypeptide release and that this enteropancreatic reflex is mediated by a cholinergic-sensitive mechanism which might be hormonal or neural. PMID- 7249891 TI - Therapeutic percutaneous aspiration of pancreatic pseudocysts. AB - The therapeutic efficacy and safety of percutaneous aspiration of chronic pancreatic pseudocysts was evaluated. Eight patients underwent aspiration a total of ten times. Permanent resolution was obtained in two patients and a third nonsurgical candidate was offered an alternative therapeutic modality. This procedure is simple, rapid, and safe and could become the initial approach to selected patients with a chronic pancreatic pseudocyst. PMID- 7249894 TI - Effect of bethanechol on gastric functions in primary anorexia nervosa. AB - We have shown previously that patients with primary anorexia nervosa (PAN) have decreased gastric emptying and acid output. The present studies were designed to explore the possibility that bethanechol, a parasympathomimetic agent, would acutely restore normal gastric function in those patients. We used a dye dilution technique to determine acid output and fractional emptying rate in 5 patients with PAN and 11 healthy controls during a basal period and following bethanechol (0.06 mg/kg, subcutaneously). Although bethanechol caused fractional emptying and acid output to increase threefold in PAN (P less than 0.05), it failed to produce stimulation of gastric emptying and acid output to levels similar to those achieved in controls. Therefore, gastric emptying and acid output were less in PAN than in controls, both basally and after bethanechol. Since bethanechol failed to completely restore acute gastric function, the defect of emptying and acid output in PAN does not appear to be caused by a deficiency of parasympathetic neurotransmitter but, instead, could reflect undetermined inhibitory influences or impaired function of the muscular and glandular cells. Following weight gain, fractional emptying rate and acid output were still slightly less in PAN patients than in controls, but the difference was statistically significant only for basal acid output. PMID- 7249893 TI - Plasma secretin concentrations and gastric pH in healthy subjects and patients with digestive diseases. AB - Plasma secretin concentrations were determined in healthy subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer, achlorhydria, and celiac sprue. Mean fasting plasma secretin concentrations in 26 healthy subjects and 26 duodenal ulcer patients were 6.7 +/- 0.5 and 10.2 +/- 1.2 pg/ml, respectively, and were significantly different (P less than 0.02). After ingestion of a standard meat meal, pyloric pH decreased to less than 4.5 within 15 min and plasma secretin concentrations significantly increased in all 52 subjects. In 14 subjects (seven healthy subjects and seven patients with duodenal ulcer), no significant rise in plasma secretin concentration occurred when pyloric pH was maintained at greater than 5.0 by intravenous cimetidine (600 mg) and intragastric antacid. In 10 achlorhydric patients, intragastric pH remained greater than 5.0 after the meal and plasma secretin concentrations did not change. However, plasma secretin concentrations increased significantly when 0.1 N HCl was infused in the stomach (25 mEq/hr) during the postprandial period. In all eight adult patients with celiac disease (seven untreated, one partially treated), pyloric pH remained less than 4.0 after a meal. Postprandial secretin concentrations did not increase significantly in six and showed a transient rise in two. These studies show that (1) plasma secretin concentration increases significantly after meals in healthy subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer; (2) neutralization of gastric acid and the achlorhydric state show no significant postprandial rise in plasma secretin concentration; (3) achlorhydric patients do not have a defect in secretin release in response to acid; and (4) failure of postprandial rise in plasma secretin in patients with celiac disease is attributed to impaired release of secretin and in achlorhydric patients it is attributed to lack of acid secretion. PMID- 7249895 TI - Beneficial effect of indomethacin on acid-induced esophagitis in cats. AB - Acid-induced esophageal injury in the cat, produced by infusion of 0.1 N HCl (1 ml/min for 30 min) on 4 consecutive days, has been shown previously to adversely affect lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure. We studied the role of prostaglandins in acid-induced esophagitis and the associated LES hypotension by simultaneous treatment of some animals with indomethacin (150 micrograms/kg intravenous), a specific inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, either during production of esophagitis or during recovery. LES pressures and esophageal histology were compared to control groups which received acid alone. Indomethacin treatment resulted in more rapid healing of the esophageal inflammation and prevented or promptly corrected the esophagitis-associated LES hypotension. These studies provide further evidence that prostaglandins play an important role in the pathogenesis of acid-induced esophagitis and LES hypotension and raise the possibility that indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, may be of benefit in prevention or therapy of esophagitis. PMID- 7249896 TI - A study of motility of normal human gastroduodenal region. AB - A method of recording continuously and simultaneously the intraluminal pressure in the antrum, pylorus, and duodenal bulb has been used to study gastroduodenal motility during intragastric infusion of saline. Twenty-two studies were performed in 15 normal individuals. Two types of contraction were recorded: (1) independent contractions of the individual parts of the gastroduodenal region, and (2) related contractions of the antrum, pylorus, and duodenal bulb, resulting in a concerted contraction of the whole region. The majority of pyloric contractions were part of a concerted contraction of the whole gastroduodenal region during which the pylorus behaved as the terminal part of the antrum. The majority of duodenal contractions were not associated with pyloric contractions, only 21.7% of duodenal contractions coincided with closure of the pylorus. This suggests that under the conditions of this study the pylorus was not acting as a barrier to reflux. An elevated basal pressure was never recorded from within the pylorus; apart from a brief closure during contraction, the pylorus is always open. PMID- 7249897 TI - Celiac disease or dermatitis herpetiformis in three patients with porphyria. AB - Celiac disease was diagnosed in one patient with variegate porphyria, and dermatitis herpetiformis in two patients, one with acute intermittent porphyria and the other with erythropoietic protoporphyria. The probability that celiac disease or dermatitis herpetiformis should occur in three patients with porphyria in Finland is less than 0.2%. Neither a consistent HLA pattern nor any other explanation can be offered for the association between these diseases. PMID- 7249898 TI - Latent portasystemic encephalopathy. I. Nature of cerebral functional defects and their effect on fitness to drive. AB - Forty patients with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension but without clinical signs of portasystemic encephalopathy (15 patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis, 15 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, and 10 patients with minimal EEG changes) and a control group of 12 patients with chronic alcohol pancreatitis were studied using an extensive psychometric program, which, in the same form, is used for expert reports on driving capacity. Of the cirrhotic patients, 60% were considered unfit to drive; in 25% driving capacity was questionable, 15% (only nonalcoholic cirrhotics) were considered fit to drive. In contrast 75% of the patients with alcoholic pancreatitis were considered fit to drive. Major defects were found only in three heavy alcoholics. Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis scored lower than patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis. This was due to differences in liver function rather than to the effect of alcohol consumption. Patients with minimal EEG changes were practically all considered unfit to drive. PMID- 7249899 TI - Intrahepatic hematoma after aspiration liver biopsy. A prospective randomized trial using two different needles. AB - The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine the incidence of intrahepatic hematoma after liver biopsy by the aspiration technique and (2) to compare the incidence of hematoma after biopsy with a needle of 1.6 mm vs 1.9 mm OD. Fifty-one patients were randomly assigned to be biopsied with the smaller needle and 46 with the larger. Hematomas, diagnosed by development of characteristic transient defects on liver scans done shortly after biopsy, occurred in two (4%) of those biopsied with the smaller needle and in none of those biopsied with the larger. This difference is not statistically significant. Neither patient who developed a hematoma had changes in vital signs, CBC, or serum alkaline phosphatase. One had a fivefold rise in SGOT; n the other, the SGOT remained normal. If these results are considered with those of other prospective trials of similar design, the overall incidence of intrahepatic hematoma after aspiration biopsy may be estimated to be 2.3% when needles of 1.6 2.0 mm (OD) are used. Many of these go undetected because, justifiably, scans are not routinely done shortly after biopsies. PMID- 7249900 TI - Dissolution of cholesterol ductal stones in the biliary tree with medium-chain glycerides. AB - In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out with medium-chain glycerides. In vitro, cholesterol gallstones were rapidly dissolved by medium-chain glycerides; control experiments with saline solution failed to modify the size of the stones. In vivo, medium-chain glycerides were instilled through an intraductal tube in 12 patients with retained bile duct stones. Perfusions lasted 2-10 days. After perfusion, stones disappeared in six cases, were reduced in size in one case, and remained unchanged in five cases. In five cases, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or pain were observed. Medium-chain glyceride infusion rapidly dissolves cholesterol gallstones, but is commonly associated with mild to severe side effects. PMID- 7249901 TI - Choledochocele presenting with jaundice. Diagnosis by percutaneous cholangiogram. AB - A case of choledochocele, a cystic dilatation of the common bile duct, is reported and relevant aspects of the literature are reviewed. This case is significant for the patient's presentation with jaundice and for the preoperative demonstration and diagnosis by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram. PMID- 7249902 TI - Thyroxin-induced differential mortality of mouse embryos with cleft lip. AB - Administration of thyroxin in midgestation has been reported to prevent spontaneous cleft lip in term fetuses of genetically predisposed mice. Attempts to repeat this finding have given ambiguous results. The experiment was therefore repeated using CL/Fr and A/HeJ mice, and various thyroxin dosages. The embryos were examined on days 13 and 14, earlier in gestation than in previous studies. The usual complement of cleft-lip embryos, 21% in CL/Fr and 10% in A/HeJ, was present, but they were often dead. At all dosages of thyroxin that caused embryonic mortality, differential mortality of cleft-lip embryos at term after thyroxin treatment is thus due to their increased mortality, not to prevention of the lip defect. PMID- 7249903 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in maternal and cord blood mitrogen treated lymphocytes. AB - The inducibility of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase was measured in mitrogen activated peripheral lymphocytes from smoking and nonsmoking mothers and their newborn infants (cord blood). The mean inducibility ratio in lymphocytes from smoking women was 4.02 and that for nonsmokers 2.87. Benz(a)anthracene-induced and noninduced AHH activities were 3-6 times higher in the lymphocytes from the cord blood than in those from the mothers. The inducibility ratio in the cord blood lymphocytes from the smoking mothers was 3.65 and did not differ significantly from that for the nonsmokers, 3.54. There was a significant correlation in the induction ratio between maternal and cord blood lymphocytes from the nonsmokers, but not in the smokers. Thymidine incorporation was about twice as high on average in the cord blood lymphocytes as in the maternal lymphocytes. The results demonstrate that the extent and distribution of inducibility were very similar in the maternal and cord blood lymphocytes. PMID- 7249904 TI - Effect of acetazolamide on renal function of the newborn piglet. AB - The effects of renal development on the response of newborns to acetazolamide were determined in an animal model, 5- and 20-day-old piglets. Increasing doses of acetazolamide increased both sodium and potassium excretion in 5-day-old piglets. Sodium excretion increased from 1.89 muEq/min during control periods to 15.7 muEq/min during infusion of acetazolamide (75 mg/kg/h). Potassium excretion increased to 20 muEq/min during acetazolamide infusion and urine pH increased from 5.7 to over 8.0. Sodium excretion by 20-day-old piglets given acetazolamide was similar to that of 5-day-old piglets but potassium excretion was twice as great (40 muEq/min). Changes in urine pH of the two groups were identical. It is concluded that the natriuretic response of 5-day-old piglets to acetazolamide is similar to that of older animals. In newborn piglets, moderate increases in sodium excretion by acetazolamide were accompanied by a marked kaliuresis. These data may identify a role for carbonic anhydrase in potassium excretion by newborn similar to that of adults. PMID- 7249905 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of abdominal hydatid disease in Kenya. AB - Hydatid disease is common in Kenya. Established diagnostic methods are not entirely satisfactory and this study was undertaken to show the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of abdominal hydatid disease. The sizes, numbers and sites of hydatid cysts have been shown in 16 patients. In view of its accuracy, lack of radiation hazard and relative cheapness, ultrasound is recommended as the method of choice for the investigation of abdominal hydatid disease. PMID- 7249906 TI - Renal cyst or tumour? Differentiation by whole-body nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 7249908 TI - Collateral circulation between the external and internal carotid artery. AB - The most important anastomoses between the arteria carotis externa and interna are discussed, based on a study of several patients with obstruction of the arteria carotis interna. When the arteria carotis interna is obstructed, it is important to determine, as best as possible, the collateral circulation to the vessels distal to the occlusion, since the prognosis can partly depend on it, and because collateral circulation must be taken into account in evaluating operative possibilities. PMID- 7249907 TI - Closure of intrahepatic hepatoportal arteriovenous fistula. Review and case report. AB - An intrahepatic hepatoportal arteriovenous fistula was discovered incidentally at the time of visceral angiography in a hypertensive patient. The patient had had a blunt abdominal trauma 7 years prior to her present hospitalization. No bruit or thrill was found on her abdomen. There was no clinical evidence of portal hypertension. Selective celiac angiography performed 44 days later showed that the arteriovenous fistula had closed. Previous reports of this anomaly are reviewed. PMID- 7249909 TI - Cerebellar calcification. AB - Previous autopsy studies have shown that cerebellar calcification is commoner in Queensland than elsewhere. Computed cranial tomography, which is more sensitive than skull radiography, has confirmed that cerebellar and basal ganglia calcification occur more commonly in patients examined in Queensland than in North America. Although no distinctive neurological syndrome could be demonstrated, the affected patients showed a high incidence of hypertension, hyperuricaemia and raised serum creatinine levels. There is evidence that cerebellar calcification is a marker of previous lead intoxication. Common occurrence of renal impairment in these patients may be due to associated lead nephropathy. Subclinical lead exposure is associated with hyperuricaemia. PMID- 7249910 TI - Study of the cardiac conduction tissues in the paediatric age group. AB - We have reviewed our experience with study of the conduction system of the heart and tried to condense our experience in the hope of aiding others to study this neglected part of the heart. The techniques involved are not complicated but do require patience and attention to detail. The key to success is the ability to cut serial sections, and to mount and study sub-serial sections. The techniques used are briefly described and then attention is given to the removal of blocks, the single most important step in the whole procedure. Advice is offered on the optimal method of studying the sinus node and the atrioventricular junctional area in the normal heart. Thereafter methods are described for studying the conduction systems in hearts with abnormal atrioventricular nodes, with ventricular septal defects and with ventricular pre-excitation. Similar attention is then paid to sudden infant death syndrome with regard to the conduction system, to congenitally complete heart block and finally to acquired disease in congenitally malformed hearts. Hope is expressed that more may become interested in the study of this fascinating system, or else refer suitable hearts to those who already are. PMID- 7249911 TI - Reflux nephropathy. AB - Reflux nephropathy is the term now used to describe the irregular segmental scarring and contraction of the kidney which may occur in association with persistent vesicoureteric reflux. The condition is recognized as an important cause of renal failure and hypertension in children and young adults. Current evidence suggests that bacterial infection plays a dominant role in the initiation of scar formation, but other factors may contribute to progressive renal damage. The possibility has also been raised that sterile reflux may be harmful to the kidney. PMID- 7249912 TI - Hereditary renal adenomas and adenocarcinomas in rats. AB - An animal model of renal adenomas and adenocarcinomas is described in rats where tumour development depends on an autosomal dominant gene. This gene seems to have a direct effect on the kidney. Most of the tumours develop from the proximal convoluted tubules. This is the first known animal model where kidney tumours develop on an hereditary basis. The histopathology of the renal tumours not only resembles that of chemically induced rat kidney tumours but also human tumours. PMID- 7249913 TI - Vision in the neonate (full-term and premature): preliminary result of the application of some testing methods. AB - Little information is available on the functionality of the visual system in neonates. Comparison was made between neonates born at full term and prematures equated for conceptional age, using two methods of investigation: the visual evoked potential (VEP) and the "forced preferential looking" (FPL). The results obtained by the FPL method indicate a greater visual acuity in premature subjects, whereas the results obtained by the VEP method point to no significant difference in implicit time between the two groups. PMID- 7249914 TI - [Alternating strabismus--clinical study--treatment]. AB - The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term "alternation" should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true. The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between: - cases of primary alternating strabismus - cases of secondary alternating strabismus. These forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread overall several years. According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1-3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...). Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...). It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible. PMID- 7249915 TI - Verification of the biphasic response in intraocular pressure during treatment of glaucoma patients with 3% guanethidine and 0.5% adrenaline. AB - In a long-term study with 3% guanethidine and 0.5% adrenaline in on eye drop (GA) the combined results of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and glaucoma suspects showed a biphasic response in intraocular pressure (IOP). The hypertensive phase peaked 3 hrs after administration (at noon) and reached a maximum of 3.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.005) above the hypotensive phase. It is reported in the literature that during office hours untreated glaucoma patients show a peak near noon, suggesting that the initial increase in IOP may be the normal IOP pattern. When the data of untreated patients with POAG and glaucoma suspects were separated, an increase in IOP around noon in the first group and a decrease around noon in the glaucoma suspects was found. However, during GA treatment both groups showed a hypertensive response at noon (3 hrs). In addition, the highest IOP's in day curves were timed during and without GA. It was shown that during GA there was a shift in the incidence of the highest IOP's towards noon (from 8.3% to 73.2% for patients with suspected glaucoma and from 32% to 63.6% for those with POAG). It was therefore concluded that GA induces a characteristic biphasic IOP pattern in patients with POAG as well as in glaucoma suspects. Also, glaucoma suspects may have higher peak pressures more frequently than POAG patients. Furthermore, the study showed that during office hours untreated glaucoma suspects have day curves with higher pressures in the morning while patients with POAG have higher pressures near noon. PMID- 7249917 TI - [Structural shifts in motor neurons during hindlimb immobilization]. PMID- 7249916 TI - Guanethidine - adrenaline eye drops in glaucoma simplex. Pupil behaviour and response of intraocular pressure. AB - In the study reported here, the relation between the dilatation of the pupil and the course of intraocular pressure (IOP) is examined in open angle glaucoma patients and in glaucoma suspects after topical administration of the combination of guanethidine 3% and adrenaline 0.5% in one eye drop (GA). By treating one eye with GA and leaving the fellow eye untreated on the same day, there was a symmetrical response of IOP, independent of the mydriasis in the treated eyes. It leads to the conclusion that the mydriatic response has no influence on the course of IOP. The physiological explantation for the symmetrical course of IOP in both treated and untreated fellow eyes seems to be a mediation by the bloodstream of GA to the eye which was left untreated. PMID- 7249919 TI - [Change in DNA topological linkage number during aging of Syrian hamster cell cultures]. PMID- 7249920 TI - [Separation of transketolase and dihydroxyacetone synthase from methylotrophic yeasts]. PMID- 7249918 TI - [Formation of muscle bundles in sheep embryogenesis]. PMID- 7249921 TI - [A factor separable from sensory neurons in tissue culture]. PMID- 7249922 TI - [New data on activating points in the cat cerebral cortex]. PMID- 7249923 TI - Identity disturbances in drug addicts. AB - Identity disturbances in a heterogeneous group of drug addicts (n = 30) were studied. Hirvas' scale of identity, which is based on Erikson's epigenetic theory of personality development was used. An equal number of normal individuals formed the control group. The identity confusion was studied in three dimensions: intrapersonal, interpersonal, and capacity for objective self-appraisal. Among the addicts a significantly high degree of identity disturbances was found in these three dimensions regarding areas of time perspective, sexual identity, leadership polarisation and ideological polarisation. The possible interrelationship between these disturbances and addictive behaviour is discussed. PMID- 7249924 TI - Alcohol abuse among high school students in Benin City, Nigeria. AB - Data on alcohol practices and reasons for drinking alcohol were collected from a sample of 500 high school students in Benin City, Nigeria. By means of frequency and percentages of responses to items relating to alcohol practices and reasons for drinking alcohol, results showed that among the 87 per cent of students who indicated that they drink, many students (about 40 per cent or more) reported a pattern of drinking practices and reasons for drinking alcohol that indicated a high degree of alcohol abuse. PMID- 7249925 TI - Serum tryptophan levels in alcoholics. AB - An oral load of L-tryptophan was administered to alcoholics and non-alcoholic control subjects in order to determine whether prolonged ethanol consumption influences serum tryptophan levels. Both samples were taken under fasting conditions and after the load. No differences in fasting serum tryptophan levels were noted. In alcohol addicts and in alcoholics treated with disulfiram (Antabuse) serum tryptophan levels were below normal after the load. No differences were observed in serum tryptophan levels between treated alcoholics not receiving disulfiram and control subjects. The findings suggest that chronic consumption of ethanol-containing beverages can enhance removal of tryptophan from the blood. Explanations to account for this finding are considered. PMID- 7249926 TI - Acute heroin abstinence in man: IV. Sleep--waking state contingencies. AB - This study investigated the effect of acute heroin withdrawal on the pattern of sleep--waking state sequences. Subjects included drug-dependent patients using pure heroin and drug-free controls. Electrophysiological data were recorded on a 24-hour per day basis for the first 5 - 7 days of withdrawal. EEG records were scored according to standard criteria. Marked increases in the sequential state changes occurred during withdrawal when progressing from awake-with-alpha, stage I, stage II and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep to the awake state. Heroin withdrawal also caused significant decreases in sequential state changes when proceeding from waking or light sleep states into deeper sleep states or into REM sleep. This study revealed that heroin withdrawal caused more abrupt transitions from quiet awake or sleeping conditions into the awake state and impeded progression into slow wave or REM sleep states. PMID- 7249927 TI - Volitional problems in carrying through a difficult decision: the case of drug addiction. AB - Attempts by young drug addicts to decrease or quit drug consumption were studied by means of a series of interviews. Interest was focused on volitional problems arising due to difficulties in living up to commitments in the face of temptations and various types of emotional stress. It was found that relapses occurred mostly under the influence of emotional stress and that they were preceded by various forms of twisted reasoning, a finding similar to those for other types of addictive behaviors such as smoking and alcoholism. The techniques used by the drug addicts to fight temptations were similar to those reported by other patients. Knowledge of techniques seemed to be rather scarce. There was a correlation between knowledge of technique and success in quitting drug habits. Strong stimulus pull factors were evident in some cases and were apparently counteracted by more or less successful attempts by the patients to escape the tempting situation. PMID- 7249928 TI - Folic acid in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of chronic alcoholics and methamphetamine addicts. AB - The folic acid (FA) levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 39 chronic alcoholics, 15 methamphetamine addicts and 18 control subjects were determined using the technique of Lactobacillus casei assay. Twelve of the 39 alcoholics developed delirium tremens (DT) after determination of the FA level. The serum FA level of the alcoholics with DT was significantly lower than that of the controls, and showed a tendency to be lower than in the alcoholics without DT. The CSF FA of the DT group was significantly lower than that of the control group and of the alcoholics without DT. In the methamphetamine addicts, although the serum FA was significantly lower than that of the controls, the CSF FA remained unchanged. All the methamphetamine addicts demonstrated psychological dependence and tolerance development as did the alcoholics, but they did not show any physical dependence. From these results, a mechanism underlying the development of symptoms of physical dependence such as DT was discussed in relation to the CSF FA. PMID- 7249929 TI - Evaluating clinical programs: methodological guidelines. AB - Evaluations can be defined as investigations of the merits of clinical programs, and they provide information about program goals/objectives, processes, outcomes, impact, and costs. How can reliable and credible evaluations be conducted? In this article, criteria are given for posing evaluation questions; selecting samples and research designs; collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and reporting data. PMID- 7249931 TI - Pharmacy's contribution to geriatric care. AB - It is clear that we currently lack the scientific knowledge necessary to deal with the vast array of problems, both physical and mental, which so often arise as a result of multipathology and its management by multiple-drug use. This lack of fundamental knowledge in the area of drug use, alteration in drug use, and aging reflects, to some degree, the historical neglect of research on the prolems that confront the elderly. Pharmacists can and should take an active part in developing the scientific and clinical data base to ensure better management of drug use among the elderly. PMID- 7249930 TI - The health and well-being of mothers and children - remarks. PMID- 7249934 TI - Prescribing restriction: implications and reactions. AB - The adoption of area antibiotic policies carries with it the restriction of prescribing. The reactions of the medical staff to this potential challenge were assessed by a questionnaire distributed to them and completed anonymously. Results showed that the doctors adopted a generally cooperative and progressive attitude. Their views provided encouragement for the adoption of further prescribing policies which, although producing probable financial savings and the educational benefit of a deeper knowledge of fewer drugs, would place a further restriction on the drugs available for their patients. PMID- 7249933 TI - Pharmaceutical education in the future. PMID- 7249935 TI - Severe lithium poisoning. PMID- 7249936 TI - Hyperglycemia associated with propranolol and chlorpropamide coadministration. AB - A 59-year-old patient with acute pancreatitis is described, whose treatment was complicated by concomitant diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. He received propranolol and insulin without subsequent problems; however, when the insulin was changed to chlorpropamide, a significant increase in blood sugar occurred. It was postulated that this increase in blood sugar was due to an antagonistic action of propranolol at the pancreatic level which interfered with the action of chlorpropamide. PMID- 7249932 TI - Determinants of compliance in epileptic outpatients. AB - The authors have investigated reasons for medication compliance in a population of epileptic patients. The hypothesis that the health care belief model would be predictive of medication-taking behavior was validated. A pilot study was constructed which investigated the comparative responses of compliant and noncompliant epileptic outpatients to questions regarding demographic, clinical history, and attitudinal characteristics. Noncompliant patients were characterized as having a longer duration of epilepsy, more complicated dosage regimens, and more changes in medication. In addition, noncompliant patients both demonstrated more confusion over medication directions and less insight into the need for anticonvulsants and feared addiction to their medication. They had a lower level of satisfaction with their health care and were more frequently subject to the social complications of epilepsy. The authors suggest that a more holistic approach be taken when attempting to reverse noncompliant behavior. PMID- 7249937 TI - Phlebothrombosis as a complication of barbiturate-induced coma for neuroresuscitation. PMID- 7249938 TI - British National Formularies and child-resistant containers. PMID- 7249939 TI - Comment on Parasitic diseases. PMID- 7249940 TI - Compliance behavior and adverse reactions in women given a single 2-gram oral dose of metronidazole. PMID- 7249941 TI - Drug inhalation systems for asthmatics. PMID- 7249942 TI - Morphine in slow-release tablets. PMID- 7249943 TI - Which sulphonylurea in diabetes mellitus? PMID- 7249944 TI - Classification of antibacterial drugs. PMID- 7249947 TI - Treatment of acute chest infections: which antibiotic? PMID- 7249948 TI - [Is long-term digitalis treatment indicated?]. PMID- 7249946 TI - The long term safety of hormonal steroid contraceptives. PMID- 7249950 TI - [Incidence of lung cancer among Finnish males in the year 2000]. PMID- 7249951 TI - [Fever, hepatosplenomegaly and hypergammaglobulinemia with leuko- and thrombopenia in kala-azar in a child]. PMID- 7249945 TI - Adverse effects of anti-ulcer drugs. PMID- 7249949 TI - [Single dose of tinidazole in prevention of post-hysterectomy infections]. PMID- 7249953 TI - [Microaggregates in blood transfusions]. PMID- 7249952 TI - [Treatment of muscular distensions]. PMID- 7249957 TI - [Management of frostbite]. PMID- 7249955 TI - [Thermography in deep venous thrombosis]. PMID- 7249956 TI - [Tuberculous peritonitis simulating peritoneal carcinosis]. PMID- 7249958 TI - [What is the status of Finnish research?]. PMID- 7249959 TI - [Thoracic myelography with metrizamide]. PMID- 7249960 TI - [Effect of posture on transcutaneous oxygen tension in the premature infant]. PMID- 7249954 TI - [Reactive arthritis associated with Campylobacter enteritis]. PMID- 7249961 TI - [Intensive care of a tetanus patient]. PMID- 7249963 TI - [Esophageal dysfunction - a forgotten cause of chest pain]. PMID- 7249962 TI - [lysosomes and storage disease]. PMID- 7249964 TI - [Salla disease - a new inherited Finnish disease]. PMID- 7249967 TI - Phonatory neoglottis surgery. PMID- 7249965 TI - [Detection of vesico-ureteral reflux with radionuclide or radiographic cystography in children]. PMID- 7249966 TI - Surgical voice restoration--a 20th-century reality. PMID- 7249968 TI - Reconstruction of the glottis after total laryngectomy. PMID- 7249970 TI - Speech rehabilitation with external vibrators. PMID- 7249969 TI - Vocal-fistula surgery after laryngectomy: a British view. PMID- 7249971 TI - Air-bypass voice prosthesis for vocal rehabilitation of laryngectomees. PMID- 7249972 TI - Prosthetic devices in neoglottis surgery. PMID- 7249974 TI - Serum immunoglobulins and C3 in the first year of life. PMID- 7249973 TI - Nonsurgical restoration of communication for the laryngectomee. PMID- 7249977 TI - Platelet counts in normal Kenyan adults. PMID- 7249976 TI - Neurological complications of choriocarcinoma at Kenyatta National Hospital. PMID- 7249975 TI - Thyrotoxicosis in urban black Africans: a rising incidence. PMID- 7249978 TI - Advanced abdominal pregnancy: case report with a review of the recent literature. PMID- 7249980 TI - Practical therapeutics. Medical treatment of peptic ulcers. PMID- 7249979 TI - Blood transfusion services in a developing country: the concept and problems of organization. PMID- 7249981 TI - The effect of pregnancy on the normal range of the oral glucose tolerance in Africans. PMID- 7249982 TI - Comparison of Kato thick smear technique and formol-ether sedimentation method for qualitative diagnosis of intestinal helminths. PMID- 7249983 TI - Practical therapeutics treatment of gout. PMID- 7249984 TI - Serum lysozyme (muramidase) levels in the normal and various pathological states in Kenyan Africans. PMID- 7249985 TI - Multiple myeloma in Kenyan Africans - a prospective study. PMID- 7249988 TI - Acute urinary tract infection in pregnancy in a Nigerian community. PMID- 7249986 TI - Diagnostic value and costs of routine liver function tests--an occasional survey. PMID- 7249987 TI - Pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in patients with dyspepsia and in normal controls in Ethiopia. PMID- 7249990 TI - Serological tests for syphilis in Masai children. PMID- 7249989 TI - Intestinal volvulus in Sidamo, South Ethiopia. PMID- 7249991 TI - Intracranial abscess in Ibadan, Nigeria. PMID- 7249992 TI - Maternal nutrition in pregnancy-eating for two? PMID- 7249993 TI - The prenatal determination of fetal weight by dynamic scanning. AB - An equation based on ultrasound measurements to estimate fetal weight must reflect the relationships between parameters of fetal size and growth as well as the change in fetal shape which occurs in relation to varying nutritional supplies. Four equations have been compared with respect to these demands. The material was collected from everyday practice in our hospital. Good results were obtained using two of the equations, and it was suggested that they may serve as valuable tools in studies of fetal growth. PMID- 7249994 TI - Spastic cerebral palsy: changes in birthweight and gestational age. AB - The birthweight and gestational age frequency distributions for spastic cerebral palsy (CP) cases and their controls were obtained from the Western Australian CP register. Following the introduction of neonatal intensive care, spastic CP rates have fallen amongst heavier (greater than or equal to 2500 g) infants and remained steady or risen amongst low birthweight (LBW: less than 2500 g) infants. The expected bimodality of both the birthweight and gestational age distributions for spastic diplegia cases was obvious in these data. Marked peaks occurred at 1500 g and 31 weeks and 3000 g and 39 weeks. The numbers of heavier, term diplegics fell between 1961-1965 and 1971-1975, and thus there were proportionally more preterm LBW diplegics more recently. The reasons for the fall in the heavier diplegics need investigation. Spastic hemiplegic and quadriplegic cases were more like the controls but with distributions skewed to the left. More of these individuals were more recently small for gestational age (SGA: less than 2500 g and over 37 weeks gestation). This highlights the importance of intrauterine damage in these two groups of spastic CP individuals. PMID- 7249996 TI - Human milk: relationship of fat content with gestational age. AB - In order to assess the suitability of early human milk as a food for preterm infants, concentrations of fat were analyzed in milk samples representative of complete 24-h expressions, obtained serially over the first 30 days of lactation from 47 mothers delivering at term (FT) and 25 mothers delivering prematurely (PT). During the first postpartum month milk fat increased with progressing lactation both in FT and PT mothers' group. The increase was significant over the first 10 day period. During this stage the fat content was significantly higher in the milk from PT mothers than in FT mothers. A significant inverse correlation of fat content with gestational age was established. On the basis of these results, the higher energy intake obtained with PT milk suggests that is may be reasonable to prefer the use of mothers' own early milk than pooled milk as the more appropriate feeding for premature infants. PMID- 7249995 TI - Improved male neonatal outcome in Western Australia. PMID- 7250001 TI - The fate of soluble, recalcitrant, and adsorbing compounds in activated sludge plants. PMID- 7249999 TI - Effect of hGH on head circumference and IQ in isolated growth hormone deficiency. PMID- 7249997 TI - Differences in the pattern of milk intake between breast and bottle fed infants. AB - Two hundred and nine 6-day-old healthy term infants were test weighed either during bottle feeding (n= 77) or breast feeding (n=132). Cross-sectional data collection avoided repeated interruptions of individual feeds. Bottle fed infants (fed ad libitum) and breast fed infants consumed a similar feed volume (respectively, 67 +/- 2 ml versus 75 +/- 6ml, mean +/- S.E.M.) over a similar period of time (mean 25 min); yet the pattern of milk flow during feeding was significantly different in the two groups. In bottle fed infants, there was a linear pattern of milk intake over the first 10 min of feeding, by which time 81% of the feed has been consumed, contrasting with a biphasic intake pattern in breast fed infants in whom a total 84% of the feed was consumed either in the first 4 min or between 15 and 19 min after the start of the feed. It is speculated that these differences in the pattern of milk intake could influence the physiological responses to feeding and might account for differences between breast and bottle fed infants in gut hormonal responses to milk feeds. PMID- 7249998 TI - Changes in nutritive sucking during a feed in two-day-and thirty-day-old infants. AB - Twenty-four infants were given a standard formula at 2 days and 1 month of life. The amount consumed, the feeding time, and the sucking amplitude were examined in 1-min trials. The data indicate that while the volume of intake did not change the feeding time decreased over the first month. Moreover, while sucking time and amplitude were independent of each other at the initiation of a feed at two days, they were correlated when the feed began at 30 days of age. It is, therefore, concluded that nutritive sucking efficiency changes and improves in the first month of life. Finally, a comparative analysis of the bottle feeding data from this study and data from two other published studies on breast feeding suggest the emergence of a regulatory mechanism that modulates the pattern of intake. PMID- 7250000 TI - Rubella antibody in neonatal hypothyroidism due to thyroid dysgenesis. PMID- 7250002 TI - Diazinon-induced hematological changes in Ophiocephalus (Channa) punctatus. PMID- 7250003 TI - Lead uptake and release in an experimental trophic chain. PMID- 7250005 TI - Bioaccumulation and metabolism of phthalate esters by oysters, brown shrimp, and sheepshead minnows. PMID- 7250006 TI - Bioaccumulation of lead and cadmium in the Louisiana heron (Hydranassa tricolor) and the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis). PMID- 7250004 TI - Histologic study of tissues and organs from rats exposed to vapors of 2 nitropropane at 25 ppm. PMID- 7250007 TI - The disposition of p-nitroanisole by the sea urchin. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. I. Kinetics. PMID- 7250008 TI - The disposition of p-nitroanisole by the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. II. Biotransformation and bioconcentration. PMID- 7250011 TI - [Methodological focus of research applied to the health services]. AB - The article enumerates the areas in which health service research is feasible. A model of evaluation research is described which the author regards as best suited to the current needs of the countries. The model would include three kinds of analyses: a description, an explantation, and an evaluation. The components or objects of a comprehensive evaluative study of health services are as follows: the demand for and supply of health activities, the process by which they are carried on, their results, and their impacts or effect on the given population. The author makes the point that the research teams, users of the services, and decision makers in the fields of health and education must participate actively in this research if it is to be successful, and that national and international groups must also collaborate. PMID- 7250010 TI - [Medical ethics and medical education]. PMID- 7250009 TI - Does phenobarbital cause intracranial tumors? A follow-up through 35 years. PMID- 7250012 TI - [Infrastructure for the development of research applied to the health services]. AB - The author considers that the partial views given by research on health services are artificial creations arising out of the needs of specialization. He feels that the research being done is frequently irrelevant, and is prompted only by personal, group or institutional considerations. He points out that a proper understanding of the problem demands greater integration of the academic and the services groups. Some of the advantages of this would be to create favorable conditions in which basic, clinical, epidemiological and administrative research could be conducted, to use research projects for teaching purposes, and to broaden the perspective of administrators and academics by showing them the needs of each of those fields at first hand. PMID- 7250013 TI - [Conceptual framework for research applied to the health services]. AB - The authors draw up a conceptual framework for applied research on health services based on the experiences of the Division of Health of the Department of Social Medicine of the Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. They hope that by using this framework, people involved will be able to situate themselves in a process of this type, interpret the current role of research on health services and examine the approach that should be taken to it in the future. They bring in some elements of self-criticism in the hope of contributing to the development of research groups in this area. PMID- 7250015 TI - [Research in the Master's Degree program in Social Medicine]. AB - The authors report on research as part of the master's degree in social medicine at the Metropolitan Autonomous University, Xochimilco campus, Mexico. They discuss research within the curriculum design, instructional research, teaching staff and research, and research as a source of knowledge. They explain that in order to establish guidelines for research it is necessary to consider the health disease process and medical practice within the economic and social framework and therefore subject to analysis by the social sciences. Finally, they summarize ongoing research in the fields of social epidemiology, medical practice and planning, and human resources. PMID- 7250014 TI - [Determining objectives and utilization of research applied to the health services]. AB - This paper gives an account of Cuba's experiences with research work and the organization of research. The author explains the principles that govern research and the county's policies in this field. The national institution particularly responsible for health research, as well as teaching and the scientific and technical service considers that the subjects on which research is to be done include the following problems: primary health care, particularly participation of the people in the dynamics of the services, evaluation of health units and programs, productivity studies on the services, introduction of new management methods and assessments of the level of health of the population. PMID- 7250016 TI - [Role of the WHO and PAHO in relation to national research policies]. AB - This article deals with the main recommendations of the World Health Assembly and the III Special Meeting of Health of the Americas related to research activities in the countries. It explains the principles underlying the Organization's research policy at the world and regional levels, and the means available for supporting this activity in the health field. It also reports on PAHO's recent research promotion and coordination efforts, which included, inter alia, meetings on national research policies (nine at the country and four at the subregional level), a census of research resources in all countries of the Americas, the provision of modest grants for research projects and for the exchange and training of researchers, support the WHO's collaborating centers, the study of the social sciences as a component of research in health, and fellowships. PMID- 7250018 TI - [Research applied to the health services]. PMID- 7250019 TI - [Pathogenic action of the duodenal contents in acute and chronic exacerbated human pancreatitis]. AB - The authors carried out studies on 16 rabbits - 10 experimental and 6 control with implanted duodenal fistula. They poured for a period of 4 days through the fistula the duodenal content of 6 sick persons with acute and chronic relapsing pancreatitis into the duodenum of the experimental animals and the content of 2 healthy persons-to the animals of the control group. After each pouring the activity of pancreatic and intestinal enzymes was determined in sera and duodenal contents of the rabbits. The duodenum, pancreas, liver and kidneys were examined histomorphologically after killing the experimental animals. The obtained results showed that there were no changes in the enzyme activity and morphologic picture of the organs after pouring duodenal content of healthy persons. The enzyme activity was reduced in the duodenal content of the experimental animals, but in the sera was increased. Pancreatitis, duodenitis, fatty dystrophy of liver and parenchymatous dystrophy of kidneys was established histomorphologically. The authors suggest the appearance of some toxic substances in the duodenal content of sick persons with acute and chronic relapsing pancreatitis. PMID- 7250020 TI - [Creation of experimental emphysema by the intratracheal administration of papain]. AB - The authors formed lung emphysema in white rats under experimental conditions by intratracheal application of various concentrations of papaine at different intervals. In the performed experiment the most suitable dose for formation of emphysema was two fold administration of 2 milligrams of papaine. The following indices were observed in the experimental and control animals: body weight, weight coefficient of the internal organs, indices of lipid and nucleinic metabolism in homogenates of lung as well as histomorphologic examination of lung. PMID- 7250017 TI - [Conceptual bases for the design of information systems in the health services]. PMID- 7250022 TI - [Effect of the organophosphorus compound neguvon on the dopamine content in the rat brain]. AB - The authors found that the phosphororganic pesticide neguvon in a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight diminished the content of dopamine in the striatum of white rats. This effect was increased after daily administration of the same dose for a period of 5 days. The reactivator of cholinesterase TMB-4 and H-choline blocker tropacine prevented this effect. They discussed the connection between the changes in the content of dopamine and modulating role of presynaptic choline receptors of H- and M- types in the dopaminergic terminals of the striatum. PMID- 7250021 TI - [Status and perspectives of experimental medical research]. PMID- 7250024 TI - [Effect of the psychostimulants caffeine and methylphenidate on the efficiency of physical activity in rats exposed to ionizing radiation]. AB - The authors carried out studies on 267 male rats and examined the effect of ionizing irradation (single irradation with 737 roentgens) on the duration of swimming and on the alteration of this effect by psychic stimulators caffeine and methylphenidate, administered in overthreshold doses (30 and 50 mg/kg of body weight for caffeine and 5 and 10 mg/kg of body weight for methylphenidate). On the 7th day after irradiation there was statistically significant shortening of the duration of swimming in the control animals. The mentioned doses (statistically significant for the larger dose) were used in nonirradiated animals and the two psychic stimulators also shortened the duration of swimming in comparison with the control nonirradiated animals. This effect could be explained by hyperexcitatory action of these doses of caffeine and methylphenidate. As a result of this, desoptimization of the cerebral activity occurred and as a consequence of which was the diminution of the efficiency of the physical activity. Together with this they observed that both psychic stimulators partially counteracted the shortening of the duration of swimming of rats, caused by ionizing irradiation itself. This effect, especially for caffeine, could be explained by the induced of the ionizing irradiation increase in the sensitivity of cerebral phosphodiesterase of rats to its inhibitor caffeine as a result of which under these conditions the effect of caffeine on the level of cerebral cyclic AMP was reinforced. The cyclic AMP is presumed to have some protective effect against ionizing irradiation. PMID- 7250023 TI - [Comparative study of the electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes and erythrocyte "ghosts" isolated form rats]. AB - Electrophoretic mobilities of rat erythrocytes and their "ghosts" are investigated. It is that the registered figures for the electrophoretic mobilities for echinocytes and discocytes are due to their specific molecular arrangements and different charge distribution topology. The reduction of the mobilities registered for the "ghosts" compared with native erythrocytes, probably, is caused by the interactions between different species of integral peripheral membrane proteins while the "ghosts" are isolated. The redistribution of the surface charge, accompanying this process, leads to unfolding of the cytoskeleton and increase of internal resistance of the suspending media. As a result a reduction of the electrophoretic mobilities for "ghost" preparations is occurred. PMID- 7250026 TI - An analysis of synchronization and double discharge effects on low frequency electromyographic power spectra. PMID- 7250025 TI - [Interrelationship of the tranquilizers diazepam and lonetil with dopamine mediation in the central nervous system]. AB - The tranquilizers Diazepam and Lonetyl were examined on rats for their influence on the higher nervous system, using the method of "double escape". Pharmacologic analysis of their action on dopaminergic structures in the central nervous system was performed as well. In this analysis they used dopamine agonist Apomorphine and dopamine antagonist Haloperidol. The authors established that diazepam is small doses did not inhibit dopaminergic system and its activation affected favourably its action, improving conditioned reflex activity. Inhibition of dopaminergic activity by Haloperidol reduced the effect of Diazepam. Lonetil, in contrast to diazepam, inhibited dopaminergic mediation and its sedative effect was increased considerably by Haloperidol. PMID- 7250027 TI - Normal latency value of the facial nerve with detection in the posterior auricular muscle and normal amplitude value of the evoked action potential. PMID- 7250029 TI - Electromyographic study of the trapezius (pars media) and rhomboideus major muscles during respiration. PMID- 7250028 TI - Reproducibility of measurements of selected neuromuscular performance variables in man. PMID- 7250031 TI - Sural nerve conduction velocity during diphenylhydantoin therapy. A case report. PMID- 7250030 TI - An electromyographic study of neck torsion in cats following cholinergic stimulation of the globus pallidus, entopeduncular and caudate nuclei. PMID- 7250032 TI - The time of completed motor acts and impulse activity of single motor units according to the training level and sport specialization of tested persons. PMID- 7250033 TI - Comparative statistical analysis of the parameters of the motor unit potentials recorded by semiautomatic and manual methods. PMID- 7250035 TI - Electrophysiological diagnosis of polyneuropathy of demyelination type. Part I. Electrophysiological features of primarily demyelinative polyneuropathy - results of examination in the acute and residual period of the Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 7250036 TI - Electrophysiological diagnosis of polyneuropathy of demyelination type. Part II. The pathomechanism of clinical-electrophysiological symptoms in the Guillain Barre syndrome. PMID- 7250038 TI - Ontogenic differences in muscular potentials and their potentiation following tetanic stimulation in the rat. PMID- 7250037 TI - Function of the quadriceps femoris muscle under the full range of forces and differing contraction velocities of concentric work. PMID- 7250034 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome: a statistical review. PMID- 7250040 TI - Electromyographic study of the trapezius (pars media) and rhomboideus major muscles in movements of the arm (part 1). PMID- 7250039 TI - dT-dL analysis of the loading effect on surface electromyogram. PMID- 7250041 TI - Electromyographic study of the trapezius (pars media) and rhomboideus major muscles in movements of the arm (part 2). PMID- 7250042 TI - New investigations of volume conducted potentials from motor units in human m. triceps surae. PMID- 7250043 TI - The sensory conduction velocity in the cutaneous femoris lateralis nerve in normal adult subjects and in patients with complaints suggesting meralgia paresthetica. PMID- 7250044 TI - Normal sensory conduction in the distal segment of the median and radial nerve: relation to age. PMID- 7250045 TI - Interaction of steroids with dexamethasone-binding receptor and corticosteroid binding globulin in the mammary gland of the mouse in relation to lactation. AB - Dexamethasone (9 alpha-fluoro-11 beta, 17, 21-trihydroxy-16 alpha-methyl-pregna 1,4-diene-3,20-dione) binding by cytosolic components of mammary glands from pregnant and lactating mice was characterized and quantified. The unfilled receptor for mice was characterized and quantified. The unfilled receptor for dexamethasone lost binding activity rapidly by a process that was largely, but not completely, reversed by the addition of sulfhydryl reagents. The quantity of dexamethasone receptors increased 4-fold during the last 8 days of pregnancy. The apparent binding affinity (Ka) calculated from Scatchard plots was maximal at parturition (1.5 x 10(8)M-1), but declined gradually as lactation progressed. A mixture of cytosols from pregnancy and lactation gave a linear Scatchard plot, with a Ka that was the mean of the Ka values obtained in the separate cytosols. The decreased Ka in lactating mice was not due to a different class of receptors, but may be attributed to the increased levels of endogenous free steroids in the cytosol. Some differences, however, were noted between the sedimentation properties of the dexamethasone-receptor complexes in cytosols of pregnant and lactating mice. In addition to the dexamethasone-binding activity, a binding substance identical to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) was identified in the cytosol fraction of mammary glands. CBG in glands of lactating mice was saturated with endogenous steroids, but that in pregnant mice was only 8% saturated. The presence of high concentrations of unsaturated CBG in the vicinity of the parenchymal cells would decrease the availability of corticosteroids to the receptors in pregnancy and may be an important mechanism for the control of the initiation of milk secretion. PMID- 7250047 TI - Anatomical distribution of phenolic and tyrosyl ring iodothyronine deiodinases in the nervous system of normal and hypothyroid rats. PMID- 7250046 TI - Tissue metabolism of estrogens in the female rhesus monkey. AB - The overall MCRs and [rho]BB values (fraction of infused precursor measured in blood as product) and individual tissue extractions and conversions were measured in the follicular and luteal phases of normal cycling female rhesus monkeys using constant infusions of [3H]estradiol ([3H]E2) and [14C]estrone ([14C]E1). During the infusions, blood samples were obtained from the femoral artery and veins draining the splanchnic tissue, kidney, head, arm, and uterus. The overall mean (+/- SE) MCR for E2 (214 +/- 17 liters/day) was significantly less than the MCR for E1 (295 +/- 13 liters/day). There were no differences in the MCR measured in the follicular or luteal phases of the cycle. The [rho]BB values were greater for the fraction of infused E1 measured in blood as product E2 [rho]E1, E2, BB; (0.25 +/- 0.02) than for [rho] E1, E2, BB (0.11 +/- 0.01). Neither value was affected by the time of the cycle. The extractions (that fraction of steroid measured in arterial blood entering a tissue which is metabolized and not measured as that steroid in venous blood draining the tissue) across the splanchnic tissues were the largest of the tissue extractions measured (0.63 +/- 0.05 for E2 and 0.73 +/- 0.10 for estrone). The arm, uterus, kidney, and head had lower extractions, and the extraction of E2 was always lower than that of E1, probably due to the specific globulin binding of E2. Interconversion of the estrogens occurred across each tissue bed but reflected, in general, only a small portion of the total extraction, especially for the splanchnic tissue. There was no apparent difference in any of the transtissue conversions measured in the follicular as compared to the luteal phase. The administration of pharmacological amounts of dexamethasone to three monkeys resulted in a marked increase in the MCR of estradiol and a slight decrease in the MCR of estrone. Individual tissue extractions and transtissue conversions showed no consistent alteration after dexamethasone. PMID- 7250048 TI - Differences between circulating and tissue thyroglobulin in rats. AB - The mechanism whereby thyroglobulin (TG) reaches the circulation can involve either the release of newly synthesized TG or the release of colloid-stored TG from the thyroid gland. To distinguish between these possibilities, we have compared the properties of circulating and glandular TG in normal and thyroidectomized thyroid tumor-bearing rats. Circulating TG had the properties of poorly iodinated molecules; it was more susceptible to dissociation into subunits and had a lower density, the latter determined by equilibrium centrifugation in concentrated RbCl. The density of circulating TG was the same as that of glandular TG from propylthiouracil-treated rats, suggesting that circulating TG was nearly or completely devoid of iodine. Circulating TG bound to Concanavalin A Sepharose and had a normal MCR, indicating that mannose was present and galactose was not in terminal positions, both properties of glandular TG. Since previous studies suggest that these properties cannot arise from differential clearance of TG molecules in the periphery, these data suggest that the TG in the circulation may arise from the direct release of poorly iodinated newly synthesized TG from the thyroid. PMID- 7250052 TI - Twenty-four-hour pattern of growth hormone secretion in the rhesus monkey: studies including alterations of the sleep/wake and sleep stage cycles. AB - The 24-h pattern of GH secretion and its possible relation to the sleep/wake cycle and to sleep stages were studied in 12 male rhesus monkeys. Blood samples were drawn every 15 min for 96 h, 24 h, or shorter periods of time through chronic right atrial catheters which extended through the wall into the adjacent room. In addition, activity rating (daytime) and determination of sleep stages from electroencephalogram recordings (nighttime) were done. GH profiles were obtained during undisturbed conditions and during deprivation of nap, 5 h total sleep, slow wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. GH secretion was episodic, with peak concentrations often exceeding 20 ngeq/ml and nadirs mostly below 1 ngeq/ml. Autocorrelation analysis demonstrated a circadian and an ultradian rhythm during undisturbed conditions. However, the cycle length of the ultradian rhythm showed large inter- and intraindividual variations (from 3--6 h). Neither cross-correlation analysis between hormonal and activity/electroencephalogram sleep stage time series nor results of deprivation experiments produced evidence for a link between nap phases, the sleep/wake cycle, or the SWS/REM sleep stage cycle on the one hand and the GH secretory pattern on the other hand. However, while SWS deprivation was highly effective, REM deprivation did not substantially reduce total REM sleep time due to frequent entries into abortive REM sleep epochs. During the daytime, there was no significant correlation between activity/arousal and GH, but during the night, there was a significant positive correlation between stage waking and GH. A direct or indirect synchronizing effect of the matutinal light change is suggested by the pattern of the 24-h curve of mean GH concentrations during undisturbed conditions: a steep increase from very low concentrations at light onset, followed by a succession of nadirs and peaks at approximately 4.5-h intervals. However, the nadirs became progressively more shallow until there was no apparent periodicity during the night due to the loss of synchronization. It is concluded that GH in the rhesus monkey shows a circadian and an ultradian periodicity. However, in contrast to man, sleep and SWS are not important determinators of the 24-h GH pattern. PMID- 7250049 TI - Effects of prostaglandins on sexual receptivity in the female lizard, Anolis carolinensis. AB - Prostaglandins (PGs) have been implicated in the mediation of sexual behavior in vertebrates. In this study, the effects of administered PGs on sexual receptivity were examined in the ovariectomized female green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis). Injection (ip) of 15 microgram PGF2 alpha failed to induce sexual receptivity in nonreceptive females which were either untreated or estrogen primed. On the other hand, PGF2 alpha treatment of sexually receptive estrogen pretreated females inhibited sexual receptivity 1 h post injection. A dose of 7.5 microgram PGF2 alpha was as effective as 15 microgram in inhibiting sexual receptivity, while a dose of 1.5 microgram was near the minimum effective level. Treatment with 15 microgram PGE2 and, to a lesser extent, PGE1 also reduced sexual receptivity. In contrast, arginine-8-vasotocin, a neuropeptide capable of stimulating smooth muscle contractions in reptiles, did not decrease sexual receptivity. The inhibitory effects of PG treatment observed at 1 h were diminished by 3 h and were no longer present 6 and 24 h post injection, with females, again, being fully receptive. Inhibition of sexual receptivity occurs very rapidly after PGF2 alpha treatment. When tested 5 min post injection, all females treated with 15 microgram arginine-8-vasotocin were sexually receptive. The oviducts were not required for PGF2 alpha inhibition of sexual receptivity, as sexual receptivity was inhibited in oviductectomized females 1 h after the injection of 15 microgram PGF2 alpha. The inhibitory action of PGF2 alpha was also observed when sexually receptive females were injected intracranially rather than ip. Intracranial injection of 3.8 microgram PGF2 alpha inhibited sexual receptivity in females tested 1 h post injection. These results indicate that exogenous PGs, possibly acting centrally within the brain, inhibit sexual receptivity in female A. carolinensis, a species with a rapid mating-induced termination of sexual receptivity. PMID- 7250050 TI - Strain differences among rats in response to Remington iodine-deficient diets. AB - Male rats of five different strains (Simonsen albino, Wistar, Long-Evans, Holtzman Sprague-Dawley, and Charles River Sprague-Dawley) were tested for their response to the U.S. Biochemical Corp. Remington low iodine diet containing 15-18 microgram I/kg. Measurements made after the diet had been fed for 28-30 days indicated that Simonsen albino and Wistar strains consistently showed the greatest response, based on degree of thyroid enlargement, depletion of thyroidal iodine, reduction in serum T4, and elevation of serum TSH. Long-Evans and Holtzman Sprague-Dawley rats responded relatively poorly to the low iodine diet. One experiment included female rats, and the limited data suggested that within a given strain there was no significant sex difference. With more prolonged feeding (84 days), the difference between a rapidly responding strain (Simonsen albino) and a more slowly responding strain (Holtzman Sprague-Dawley) was not so marked. Our results indicate that given sufficient time and a diet sufficiently low in iodine, even a more slowly responding strain will ultimately develop signs of extreme iodine deficiency. However, it is inconvenient and expensive to maintain rats on a Remington low iodine diet for 3 months, and studies on the effect of severe iodine deficiency are much more rapidly performed using a rapidly responding strain such as the Simonsen albino. Our observation that rats of different strains differ markedly in their responses to an iodine-deficient diet suggests that hereditary factors play an important role in this response. PMID- 7250051 TI - Identification of an 8S androgen receptor-promoting factor that converts the 4.5S form of the androgen receptor to 8S. AB - A protein has been identified that reconstitutes the 4.5S androgen receptor to the classical 8S form on sucrose gradients of low ionic strength (25 mM KCl and 50 mM Tris). Rat prostate Dunning tumor (R3327) cytosol labeled with [3H]dihydrotestosterone was chromatographed on phosphocellulose to separate the 4.5S receptor from this protein, which we refer to as 8S androgen receptor promoting factor. The 8S promoting factor has the following physiocochemical properties: heat labile (60 C; 30 min), Stokes radius of 58 degrees A, molecular weight of 170,000 or more, precipitates in 40% saturated (NH4)2SO4, elutes from DEAE-Sepharose in 0.1 M KCl, and elutes from phosphocellulose in 0.1 M KCl. The reconstituted 8S receptor complex is similar to the native 8S receptor in that it is labile to heat and physiological salt concentrations, has a Stokes radius of 91 degrees A, and has a molecular weight of approximately 326,000. The 8S promoting factor is present in mature male rat serum, but is undetectable in sera of male rats 16 days of age or younger. The factor appears to be produced by androgen-responsive cells, since it was found in all tissues of the 15-day-old male rat known to contain androgen receptor. Spleen was found to lack both the 8S promoting factor and the androgen receptor. The 8S promoting factor was detected in serum of female rats and in hypophysectomized (44 days) or castrated (2 or 4 weeks) mature male rats. Salt extracts of purified nuclei from the androgen dependent Dunning tumor also contain the factor. It is suggested that a specific interaction between the two intracellular proteins, 8S androgen receptor promoting factor and the androgen receptor, may modulate the androgen responsiveness of target cells. PMID- 7250053 TI - Changes in the polypeptide assembly of guinea pig thyroglobulin induced by thyrotropin-regulated thyroid activity. AB - We have previously reported that the relative proportion of three polypeptide chains in guinea pig thyroglobulin is closely related to the iodine content of the protein. The present work demonstrates that it is not the iodine content per se but, rather, TSH-regulated thyroid activity which modulates the substructure of thyroglobulin. In a first set of experiments, the impact of TSH stimulation on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-induced dissociation of 19S thyroglobulin into 12S subunits was compared to that of iodination. While in control animals the ratio of 12S to 19S thyroglobulin was 48:52, it changed to 35:65 in glands strongly stimulated with TSH and blocked with MMI. This rise in the relative proportion of 19S thyroglobulin occurred despite a simultaneous drop of iodine content from 0.6% to 0.24%. It was only after TSH suppression that the well known inverse correlation between the level of iodination and dissociability reappeared. In a second set of experiments, SDS-treated thyroglobulin was fully reduced by splitting disulfide bonds with mercaptoethanol. In addition to the previously described three polypeptide chains, A, B, and C, a hitherto neglected nonreducible fraction comigrated with 19S thyroglobulin on polyacrylamide gels. Native thyroglobulin with widely varying iodine contents was obtained from unstimulated glands and from glands strongly stimulated with TSH. Drastic changes in the polypeptide chain assembly, depending on the degree of TSH stimulation but entirely independent of iodination, were observed. There was a strong negative correlation between the nonreducible 19S thyroglobulin fraction and both the B and C polypeptide chains with all experimental manipulations. We conclude that thyroglobulin substructure is highly dependent on the degree of TSH stimulation of the thyroid. TSH, through stimulation of unknown metabolic pathways, is a more important determinant of thyroglobulin substructure than the degree of iodination of the protein. PMID- 7250054 TI - Carbohydrate in contrast to protein feeding increases the hepatic content of active thyroxine-5'-deiodinase in the rat. PMID- 7250055 TI - Isolation and characterization of relaxin from the sand tiger shark (Odontaspis taurus). AB - A peptide with relaxin activity in guinea pigs but not in mice has been extracted from the ovaries of pregnant sand tiger sharks (Odontaspis taurus). The structural similarity of this peptide to porcine relaxin includes molecular size approximately 6000 daltons), number of chains, and possibly, disulfide cross links. The relaxin-type peptide isolated from shark ovaries contains the amino acid residues tyrosine, proline, and histidine, which are absent in the porcine hormone. The amino acid composition of shark relaxin, therefore, resembles that of porcine insulin to a greater extent than does the amino acid composition of porcine relaxin. This finding supports the idea that shark relaxin may be a primitive relaxin that has undergone fewer mutations than porcine relaxin since the putative duplication of the insulin gene. The data presented here suggest that the putative duplication of the insulin gene, which might have given rise to relaxin, has occurred much earlier than the separation of sharks from the general branch of animals that eventually gave rise to mammals. PMID- 7250058 TI - Nuclear progestin receptors in human uterus. AB - The characteristics and transfer of human uterine progestin receptors from cytosol to nucleus were studied in a cell-free system using [3H]progesterone ([3H]P), [3H]norethindrone ([3H]NET), and [3H]norethindrone acetate ([3H]NETA) as progestin receptor tags. Nuclear receptor binding was observed only in the presence of uterine cytosol. Various prior treatments of uterine cytosol, including warming to 20 C, increasing the salt concentration to 150 mM KCl, or dilution of the cytosol protein concentration to 3 mg/ml, increased the affinity of the receptor for the cell nucleus and thus, facilitated more translocation. However, there was no detectable difference in the receptor sedimentation value after activation. The binding of salt-extractable (400 mM KCl) nuclear sites to [3H]P, [3H]NET, and [3H]NETA was characterized by distinct commonality in their physiochemical properties, as indexed by their coelution during gel chromatography (mol wt, 72,000), their similar sedimentation rates (4.2S), and their similar isoelectric profiles (isoelectric pH 5.3--5.6). The concentrations of specific binding sites were similar for the different 3H-labeled progestins used. However, in general, the number of binding sites was higher (3780--4480 molecules/cell) in proliferative phase tissues and significantly lower (1790- 1920 molecules/cell) in secretory phase tissues. Furthermore, nuclear binding was progestin specific and of high affinity (Kd of NET, similar to or approximately 0.7--0.8 nM; Kd of P, similar to or approximately 0.9--1.2 nM; Kd of NETA, similar to or approximately 6.7--7.1 nM). Despite the similarities in the molecular properties, the nuclear bindings of NET and NETA could be distinguished from that of P by their lower dissociation rates (t 1/2 of NET, similar to or approximately 6.3 h; t 1/2 of NETA, similar to or approximately 5.5 h; t 1/2 of P, similar to or approximately 1.2 h). Moreover, NET and NETA, unlike P, did not bind to corticosteroid-binding globulin. These observations indicate that the various progestins mediate their action via a common receptor, which translocates from cytosol to nucleus. Further, because of the distinct advantages, NET could be conveniently used as a receptor tag to evaluate the progestin receptor. PMID- 7250057 TI - Placental control of ovarian immunoreactive relaxin secretion in the pregnant rat. AB - To investigate the control mechanisms for the secretion of relaxin in pregnant rats, the effects of the fetus, placenta, and uterus were studied. Plasma immunoreactive relaxin and progesterone were measured in pregnant rats, from days 8--1 post partum. On day 16 of pregnancy, groups of animals were subjected to removal of the fetuses, conceptuses (fetuses and placentae), or uteri. To determine whether there are extraovarian sources of circulating relaxin, a group of pregnant rats was ovariectomized on day 16. Immunoreactive relaxin was undetectable in the plasma of pregnant rats before day 10, and increased to a mean concentration of 0.52 +/- 0.01 (SEM) ng/ml on day 13. In control animals, immunoreactive relaxin levels remained at about this concentration throughout the remainder of pregnancy and declined rapidly post partum. The pattern of secretion of relaxin in fetectomized animals was similar to that in controls. In contrast, a significant decline in immunoreactive relaxin was seen, within 24 h after surgery, in those animals in which removal of the conceptuses or hysterectomy was performed. In these animals, immunoreactive relaxin was undetectable within 48 h after surgery and remained undetectable throughout the experimental period. In animals that were ovariectomized, immunoreactive relaxin was undetectable 24 h after surgery. Progesterone secretion in animals that had fetectomy or removal of the conceptuses performed was similar to that in controls. These groups showed a significant decline in progesterone on day 17 of pregnancy, and progesterone continued to decline until day 1 post partum. Progesterone in hysterectomized animals declined more abruptly than in either controls or other experimental groups. Ovariectomy resulted in a prompt fall in plasma progesterone. These results indicate that in the rat, the fetus is not needed for the maintenance of relaxin secretion throughout pregnancy, the placenta controls the ovarian secretion of relaxin. The uterus does not exert a tropic effect upon relaxin secretion, no extraovarian sources of circulating relaxin exist in the rat, and there is a divergence between progesterone and relaxin secretion during rat pregnancy. PMID- 7250056 TI - Dopaminergic and serotonergic involvement in opiate-induced prolactin release in monkeys. AB - The present experiments were performed to determine the site of action (hypothalamic or hypophyseal) and the mechanism (dopaminergic or serotonergic) by which morphine increases PRL in monkeys (Macaca mulatta and Macaca nemestrina). To determine the site of action, 9 mg morphine were injected iv to four intact and four pituitary stalk-sectioned monkeys. PRL concentrations rose significantly (P less than 0.01) from less than 5 ng/ml to an average maximum value of 208 +/- 20 ng/ml at 15 min in intact animals, but remained unchanged in pituitary stalk sectioned animals. There was a significant reduction (P less than 0.01) of this response in intact monkeys that received 5 mg L-dopa, iv, 5 min before the morphine stimulus. In these animals, PRL only rose to 100 +/- 46 ng/ml. In contrast, the PRL response in four monkeys pretreated with 5 or 20 mg methysergide, iv (a serotonin receptor blocker), 5 min before the opiate stimulus was not different from in controls. Likewise, the daily administration of 100 mg p-chlorophenylalanine, sc (a serotonin synthesis blocker), for 6 days failed to alter the PRL response to morphine. These data suggest that opiates increase PRL via a neural site of action and that the mechanism may involve dopaminergic but not serotonergic pathways. PMID- 7250059 TI - Mechanisms subserving the stimulatory and inhibitory components of gamma aminobutyric acid-ergic control of prolactin secretion in the rat. PMID- 7250060 TI - Prolactin synthesis in bovine pituitary: no evidence for regulation by estrogen in vivo. AB - Protein synthesis in bovine pituitaries was measured by incubation of tissue slices with radioactive amino acids, followed by gel electrophoresis. PRL and GH syntheses were estimated by determining the amount of radioactivity comigrating with standards of these hormones. Pituitary tissue removed from adult animals demonstrated a high percentage of PRL synthesis regardless of the sex of the donor animal. PRL constituted 13--17% of the newly synthesized protein in pituitary slices from both male and female animals. In addition, the reproductive state of the female did not influence the percentage of PRL synthesis. Reduction of in vivo estrogen levels by adrenalectomy and ovariectomy did not result in any change in the percentage of PRL synthesis. The percentage of PRL synthesis observed in pituitaries from fetuses or bull calves was much lower than that observed in the adult animals (5--6% of the newly synthesized protein). Estrogen administration to bull calves did not result in any changes in the percentage of PRL synthesis. These studies suggest that estrogen may not play a physiological role in the regulation of PRL synthesis in the bovine. The percentage of GH synthesis was 5--6% in steers and cows, and above 10% in bulls, bull calves, and fetuses. PMID- 7250061 TI - Progesterone-independent avidin in chick oviduct fibroblast culture. AB - The production of avidin was studied in chick oviduct cell cultures derived from immature chicks or from chicks with 4, 8, or 14 days of estrogen priming in vivo. Cells were grown for 5--7 weeks, and the monolayers formed were composed of collagen-producing fibroblasts. In some cultures, epithelial cells were also found, but only in the original explants. Two-day avidin production of cultures was measured in the media weekly. Cultures produced avidin spontaneously, the amount being fairly stable during the 7-week culture period. No difference was found in avidin production or cell morphology when estrogen-containing medium was used. Cultures from 4- to 8-day-estrogen-primed chick oviducts produced the same amount of avidin as cultures from immature oviducts, whereas further estrogen pretreatment seemed to reduce avidin production. Progesterone did not enhance avidin production with or without estrogen priming but, due to its inhibition of growth, clearly inhibited avidin when it was continuously in the culture medium. It is concluded that chick oviductal fibroblasts have an inherent capacity for avidin production and that this is independent of progesterone. PMID- 7250063 TI - Effect of gonadectomy on the ontogeny of estrogen-binding components in rat liver cytosol. AB - These studies elucidate the ontogeny of two classes of estrogen-binding sites present in rat liver cytosol. The first class of sites is precipitated from whole cytosol fractions by ammonium sulfate (30% saturation) and exhibits characteristics of specific estrogen receptors. Detectable levels of receptors are attained during the third postnatal week. During days 30--40, receptors reach maximum concentration and remain relatively constant thereafter. The second class of sites, detected in whole cytosol fractions, possess a high binding capacity for estrogens and are present in similar amounts in male and female liver before day 34. However, between days 34--40 male levels increase dramatically while female levels remain constant. This sex difference is maintained throughout the duration of the study (160 days). Specific estrogen receptors from immature (26 days) and mature (70--80 days) rat liver have similar characteristics in terms of sedimentation properties in sucrose gradients, ligand binding specificity, and heat and pronase susceptibility. After prepuberal (19--21 days) gonadectomy, levels of receptor in subsequent adult animals of both sexes are increased approximately 40%. No alterations in receptor levels are seen after neonatal (day 1) castration of males. Prepuberal (day 19) gonadectomy does not alter the normal development of sexual differentiation of high capacity estrogen-binding sites. However, after neonatal (day 1) castration male rats, levels of those sites do not undergo sexual differentiation, and neonatally castrated adult males exhibit female levels of high capacity estrogen-binding site. These studies suggest that sexual differentiation of high capacity estrogen-binding sites may be programmed at birth by testicular androgens. PMID- 7250064 TI - Affinity labelling of the human uterine progesterone receptor with 21-, 16 alpha- and 11 alpha-bromoacetoxyprogesterones. AB - This report describes the use of 21-, 16 alpha- and 11 alpha -[2' 3H]bromoacetoxyprogesterone as affinity labels to characterize the human uterine progesterone receptor (HPR). These three derivatives can bind to and displace progesterone bound to the HPR. This affinity labelling was inhibited by an excess of radioinert progesterone and could not be demonstrated if bovine serum albumin was used in place of the HPR. Bromoacetic acid alone did not affinity label the HPR. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions showed that all three derivatives bound to a 45,000 molecular weight protein. PMID- 7250062 TI - The effects of lateral hypothalamic-medial forebrain stimulation and somatostatin antiserum on pulsatile growth hormone secretion in freely behaving rats: evidence for a dual regulatory mechanism. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to examine the role of somatostatin (SRIF) and electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic-medial forebrain bundle (LH-MFB) on dynamics of pulsatile GH secretion in freely behaving, chronically cannulated male rats with implanted brain electrodes. The effects of administration of anti-SRIF serum (AS-SRIF) on pulsatile GH and on TSH and PRL secretion was also studied. The results are: 1) circulating AS-SRIF increases trough levels of GH in freely behaving rats but has no significant effect on the amplitude of GH secretory bursts or mean GH levels; 2) LH-MFB excitation can stimulate GH release if delivered when circulating GH levels are low; 3) LH-MFB stimulation inhibits secretion of GH if given at the time of a spontaneous GH burst; 4) stimulation-induced GH inhibition is prevented by pretreatment with AS SRIF, suggesting that this response is mediated by endogenous SRIF; and 5) AS SRIF increases TSH secretion but has no effect on PRL. These results provide evidence to support the hypothesis that pituitary GH secretion is regulated by a combination of excitatory and inhibitory influences, the inhibitory component of which is mediated by SRIF. PMID- 7250065 TI - Elevated serum levels of T3 without metabolic effect in nutritionally deficient rats, attributable to reduced cellular uptake of T3. AB - Rats receiving a nutritionally deficient diet displayed markedly elevated serum free T3 levels but showed no increase in oxygen consumption. This was associated with greatly reduced ratios of hepatic cellular and nuclear 125I-T3 to serum 125I T3. Kinetic data supported the conclusion that cellular uptake of T3 was decreased in the nutritionally deficient rats. The lack of metabolic effect, despite the elevated serum T3 levels, is attributable to reduced availability of serum T3 to tissue nuclear receptor sites. PMID- 7250066 TI - Hypersecretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide induced by glucose ingestion in diabetes mellitus. AB - The response to plasma immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) to oral glucose loading was determined in 10 normal subjects, 10 patients with mild diabetes mellitus, and 10 patients with moderate to severe diabetes mellitus. In normal subjects the mean fasting GIP was 167 +/- 17 pg/ml which rose significantly after glucose loading, reaching the peak value of 513 +/- 44 pg/ml at 30 min. In mild diabetic patients, fasting plasma GIP was not significantly different from that in normal subjects. However, the mean peak GIP level following glucose loading was 683 +/- 71 pg/ml, significantly higher than that in normal subjects (p less than 0.05). In moderate and severe diabetics, oral glucose loading caused an abrupt rise in plasma GIP from the basal level of 304 +/- 31 pg/ml to the peak of 870 +/- 63 pg/ml occurring at 30 min, both of which were significantly higher than the corresponding values in normal subjects (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that GIP response to oral glucose loading is enhanced in diabetic patients in proportion to the degree of their glucose intolerance. PMID- 7250067 TI - Effect of anterior of posterior deafferentation of the hypothalamus on unit activity in the paraventricular nucleus of ovariectomized female rats with or without estrogen treatment. AB - Extracellular recordings of action potentials were made and their firing rates were determined from 345 paraventricular neurosecretory cells in ovariectomized rats with or without estrogen treatment. And the effect of anterior or posterior deafferentation of the hypothalamus on the firing rates was studied. In both non treated and estrogen-treated rats the anterior deafferentation reduced the firing rates significantly (P less than 0.05 in the non-treated rats and P less than 0.01 in the estrogen-treated rats), while the posterior deafferentiation did not change the firing rates significantly. Comparisons between firing rates in estrogen-treated rats and those in non-treated ones revealed what neurosecretory neurones with intact afferent connections and with damaged posterior connections showed a facilitatory response to estrogen but that the neurones with damaged anterior connections failed to show the response. The frequency distribution of the firing rates in each of the experimental groups showed an exponential form. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the extrahypothalmic inputs from the rostral brain regions are important factors in the maintenance of the basal activity of the paraventricular neurosecretory cells. It is also indicated that estrogen stimulates the neurosecretory cell activity indirectly via afferent inputs from the rostral cerebral structures. PMID- 7250068 TI - Naltrexone-induced LH release in ovariectomized estrogen-primed rats. AB - In order to investigate the physiological role of endogenous opioid substances in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion, we studied the effect of Naltrexone (Nalt), a morphine antagonist, on serum luteinizing hormone(LH) concentrations in ovariectomized estrogen-treated rats. The site of action of Nalt and its interaction with other putative neurotransmitters on LH secretion were investigated in hypothalamic deafferentated rats and in animals treated with pharmacological inhibitors of the actions of neurotransmitter substances. Nalt injection increased serum LH levels at dosed 0.08 to 2 mg/kg BW. The response was dose-dependent but higher doses of Nalt had less effect. In inducing this response pattern, mediobasal connection between the anterior hypothalamus and the mediobasal hypothalamus was essential, but posterior input to the mediobasal hypothalamus was not necessary. Excepting alpha-adrenergic blocker, all the blockers used, i.e beta-adrenergic, serotonin, dopamine and acetylcholine blockers were effective in eliminating the LH release evoked by Nalt injection. These results suggest that endogenous opioid substances might inhibit LH secretion tonically through aminergic and/or cholinergic neurons and that the mediobasal neural connections to the mediobasal hypothalamus are indispensable for this inhibition. PMID- 7250069 TI - Calcitonin stimulates gluconeogenesis in fasted rats. AB - The effect of calcitonin (CT) on gluconeogenesis was studied in fasted rats. The subcutaneous administration of CT (80 MRC mU/100 g BW) produced a significant increase in serum glucose concentration and a corresponding decrease in serum lactic acid, free fatty acid and alanine concentrations. These alterations were dose-dependent (20 and 40 MRC mU/100g BW). On the other hand, the serum glucose concentration was significantly elevated by a single intraperitoneal injection of alamine (100 mg/100 g BW). This increase was markedly enhanced by CT administration, and the appreciable effect was observed at a dose of 20 MRC mU/100 g BW. Also, the significant increase in serum glucose concentration caused by the injections of lactate, pyruvate. and alpha-ketoglutarate (100mg/100 g BW, respectively) was further enhanced by CT administration. The present results indicate that CT stimulates gluconeogenesis in fasted rats. PMID- 7250071 TI - Measurements of human luteinizing hormone in plasma by in vitro bioassay and by conventional and improved radioimmunoassays. AB - Daily plasma samples obtained from normally menstruating women were measured for human luteinizing hormone (hLH) by in vitro bioassay and by conventional and improved radioimmunoassays (RIA). The improvement of hLH RIA consisted in the choice of standard and the extensive purification of tracer. The profiles of the biological and immunological activity of hLH throughout the cycle showed a qualitative similarity with the mid-cycle hLH surge. The estimated values obtained with the conventional RIA were consistently and significantly higher than those by the improved RIA (p less than 0.001). The elevation of the Y intercept on RIA (5.22 +/- 3.22 uIU/ml) indicated the possible influences of crossreacting substances on the estimates obtained with the conventional RIA. The Y-intercept values calculated from the bioassay and the improved RIA estimates were indistinguishable from the origin (0.45 +/- 1.81 mIU/ml). The inter individual variations of the biological/immunological activity ratios indicate the different proportions of multiple sub-populations of hLH molecules with various biological and immunological activities in each case. The improved RIA was concluded to be more preferable for detecting hLH levels in biological fluid than the conventional RIA. The need for more suitable standard preparations for hLH RIA was proposed. PMID- 7250070 TI - Inhibitory effect on calcium channel blockers on alpha -adrenergic activation of glycogenolysis and calcium efflux in perfused rat liver. AB - In an attempt to verify the importance of calcium ions in mediating alpha adrenergic stimulation, the effects of a calcium channel blocker, verapamil, on phenylephrine-induced glycogenolysis and calcium efflux in perfused livers prepared from fed rats were determined. The blocker inhibited phenylephrine induced glycogenolysis in a noncompetitive and dose-dependent manner between 50 micro M and 500 micro M. However, it did not affect 2, 4-dinitrophenol-induced glycogenolysis. It had no significant effect on 45 Ca uptake by the perfused liver, but inhibited basal as well as phenylephrine-induced efflux of 45Ca from 45Ca-loaded liver. The inhibitory effects on basal 45Ca release and phenylephrine induced glycogenolysis and 45Ca released correlated very well. All the the effects of verapamil were reproduced by another calcium channel blocker, diltiazem, suggesting that these effects are common to a variety of calcium channel blockers. These results indicate that the process of calcium influx and the function of phosphorylase per se are not directly involved in the inhibitory action of the blocker. Although it is possible that verapamil interferes with binding of the alpha -adrenergic agonist to the plasma membrane, the good correlation between the inhibitory effects of verapamil on basal 45Ca released and on phenylephrine-induced release of 45Ca suggests another mechanism, involving calcium ions. The blocker appears to inhibit the glycogen phosphorylase activity induced by phenylephrine via a cell-membrane mechanism in which calcium ion flux changes are intimately involved. PMID- 7250072 TI - A trial for the improvement of the in vitro bioassay for human luteinizing hormones. AB - In order to improve the sensitivity and the reliability of the in vitro bioassay for human luteinizing hormone, various strains of male mice at various chronological ages were sacrificed to obtained dispersed testes interstitial cell preparations. They consisted of DDN, DDY, DBA, C57, C3H, ICR, and BAL/C at 5, 7 and 9 weeks of age. The C57 Black strain, especially at 7 and 9 weeks of age, gave the most satisfactory standard dilution curve with a sensitivity of less than 12.5 microIU/tube, with a wide assayable range and with a parallelism to the sample dilution curve. Improvement of the assay is expected with the use of the C57 Black strain as the source of the cell suspension. PMID- 7250074 TI - [Blood circulation system in children with hyperthyroidism based on the blood thyroid hormone levels]. PMID- 7250073 TI - The effect of nomifensine on prolactin secretion in patients with suspected pituitary microadenoma. PMID- 7250075 TI - [Vasopressin content of the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis of guinea pigs after long-term exposure to tobacco smoke]. PMID- 7250076 TI - On the participation of the pineal gland in the response of rat testes to ionizing radiation. PMID- 7250077 TI - [Effect of alcoholic intoxication on the morphological structure of the albino rat gonad after administration of estrogens, testosterone and gonadotropin]. PMID- 7250078 TI - A case of empty sella syndrome with sufficient hypophyseal function and normal pregnancy. PMID- 7250079 TI - [Turner's syndrome in a patient with 46,X, i ins (Xq)(q13) karyotype]. PMID- 7250083 TI - Endoscopic approach to papillary stenosis (PS). AB - Gastrointestinal endoscopy includes important possibilities for the diagnosis and therapy of papillary stenosis (PS). The surface of the papilla of Vater and the ampulla and the terminal common bile duct after EPT can be visualized directly. By means of ERCP the structure of the ampulla, the pancreatic duct and the biliary duct can be demonstrated. The motor activity of the sphincter of Oddi and the drainage time provide valuable information applicable to the diagnosis of PS. Histological examinations of snare and forceps biopsies are of the utmost importance for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant PS. The advent of endoscopic papillotomy made benign PS an "endoscopic disease". In patients with benign circumscribed PS, surgical sphincterotomy is only rarely indicated. The high success rate of endoscopic papillotomy in PS makes biliary drainage by the transduodenal or the percutaneous transhepatic route superfluous in the majority of cases. We do not regard laser coagulation of papillary cancer as the treatment of choice although it may be indicated in patients who are inoperable or who refuse surgery. - Today, gastrointestinal endoscopy offers the decisive diagnostic and therapeutic approach to papillary stenosis. PMID- 7250080 TI - Columnar-lined oesophagus (Barrett's syndrome) - congenital or acquired? AB - A segment of the distal oesophagus lined with columnar epithelium (endobrachy oesophagus, Barrett's oesophagus), is very frequently seen in association with chronic reflux conditions. Usually, this entity is an asymmetrical columnar-cell metaplasia of varying extent, with an unsharp epithelial junction line cranial, and showing various large residual islands of squamous epithelium. In addition, usually well-developed peptic lesions are also found. More rarely seen are cases with a longer, symmetrical, cranially sharply delimited columnar-epithelial-lined segment, in which peptic lesions and strictures are usually either restricted to the proximal section, or are lacking altogether. Among more than 100 patients presenting with endobrachy-oesophagus, 14 cases had the latter form of the condition. Seven had a solitary, high peptic stricture, and only 50% unequivocal hiatus hernia. In four patients there were no inflammatory changes at all. In 8 patients, fundic glands were observed. Of particular interest was the segment like arrangement of cardiac and fundic glands in 2 of the patients. In only a single case were scar formations seen in the columnar-lined segment. Considered from the point of view of our embryological knowledge, certain forms of endobrachy-oesophagus would appear to represent a congenital anomaly. PMID- 7250082 TI - Long-term follow-up after endoscopic sphincterotomy. AB - Endoscopic sphincterotomy has become a well-accepted procedure in choledocholithiasis and papillary stenosis. Long-term follow-up data covering an observation period of 7 years disclose that about 90% of the patients are either completely relieved of symptoms, or show marked improvement. Re-stenosis or recurrent concrements seem are events; in primary papillary stenosis, however, long-term results are less favorable. PMID- 7250081 TI - Endoscopic therapy of premalignant and malignant changes in the stomach. AB - Among a total of 34 patients with epithelial gastric polyps, premalignant or malignant polyps were discovered in ten cases, and removed with the aid of the polypectomy snare. Of six borderline lesions, some of which have been followed up for more than two years, none has developed into a carcinoma. One patient who presented with a malignant hyperplasiogenous polyp - an extremely rare finding - has so far remained free from cancer. In a further case with early carcinoma, Type I, two borderline lesions subsequently developed at different parts of the stomach, finally being followed by a second early carcinoma, Type IIc. One of the adenomas removed revealed a neoplastic transformation, so that immediate surgery was necessary. All in all, the results show that, under certain condition, endoscopic polypectomy can represent a valuable therapeutic procedure in premalignant and malignant changes in the stomach. PMID- 7250084 TI - Non-surgical biliary drainage - technique, indications and results. AB - Nonsurgical biliary drainage offers a therapeutic alternative in the palliation of malignant obstructive jaundice. Two basic approaches are available. The percutaneous transhepatic method can be employed either for external drainage or for the placement of an internal endoprosthesis. In the case of the transduodenal, transpapillary approach, either a pigtail catheter can be placed, after prior papillotomy, or - with or without the need to split the papillar - a nasobiliary drainage tube can be introduced. Successful drainage was achieved in 67 patients. In the majority of cases, external drainage was performed as a palliative measure in inoperable carcinoma of the biliodigestive system. In addition, however, pre-operative temporary drainage was also carried out to reduce the risks of surgery in patients with severe obstructive jaundice. The complication rate was low. Apart from biliary peritonitis, cholangitis and minor bleeds were observed. The rate of failure for technical reasons was a relatively low 10%. PMID- 7250085 TI - Ten years of colonoscopy. AB - Over the last 10 years, 6170 colonoscopies have been performed at the Medical Department of the University of Erlangen. On the basis of these examinations, an overview, largely tabular in form, of the developments in the endoscopy of the lower gastrointestinal tract is presented. An assessment of the individual results obtained has intentionally not been undertaken. Present possibilities and requirements are presented by the diagnostic and therapeutic tasks and the solutions thus far employed. PMID- 7250086 TI - Results of treatment with the endoscope dilator in 11 patients with achalasia of the esophagus. AB - The conservative treatment of achalasia of the esophagus with balloon or mechanical dilators may be difficult, or even impossible, it the esophagus in an advanced illness is so tortuous (sigmoid esophagus) that the dilator cannot be placed in the cardia. An endoscope dilator with the aid of which dilation is readily possible even in such cases, has been developed by various individuals. Our own experience and the results obtained in 11 patients with esophageal achalasia treated with the endoscope dilator, are presented. The particular advantages of this method of treatment are simple, low-risk placement of the balloon in the cardia before and during dilation, and the possibility of inspecting the cardia for complications immediately after dilation. PMID- 7250087 TI - Treatment of achalasia with a pneumatic dilator attached to a gastroscope. AB - A pneumatic dilator for the treatment of achalasia of the esophagus is described. An inflatable polyurethane balloon assembly is attached to a small-caliber forward-viewing fiber-optic gastroscope. The balloon is introduced and dilatation carried out under endoscopic visual control. The described method greatly increases the safety and accuracy of the dilatation procedure, even in patients with an extreme degree of megaesophagus. 39 patients have been successfully treated with the dilator with no complications. PMID- 7250088 TI - Tuberculosis of the pancreas. AB - In a case report, the rate condition of tuberculosis of the pancreas is described. There are two conceivable ways in which the pancreas may become diseased: 1. toxic-allergic reaction of the pancreas in response to generalized tuberculosis (so-called concomitant pancreatis) 2. Invasion of the pancreas by tubercle bacteria disseminated via the blood, or through penetration of the organ by adjacent caseating abdominal lymph nodes. Histologically, epithelioid cells and Langhans' giant cells are only rarely found; caseation usually develops, with subsequent calcification, which can lead to stenosis of the pancreatic duct. In patients with generalized tuberculosis and abdominal complaints, the diagnosis is most reliably established on the basis of ERCP and CAT. In the presence of pain, resection of the affected portion of the pancreas may be considered as means of treatment. PMID- 7250091 TI - Lung clearance of particles in two strains of rats. AB - Two strains of commonly used experimental rats were compared with regard to lung clearance of TiO2 particles. The Fisher 344 inbred rats retained predictably fewer particles after a 7-hr exposure than the larger outbred Long-Evans rats. This fact can be expected in view of the different lung size of the two strains. In addition, clearance of the retained particles was significantly slower in Fisher 344 rats. Differences in lung clearance capacity of different animal strains should be considered when experiments in inhalation toxicology are performed. PMID- 7250090 TI - Oxygen effects of metabolism and paraquat uptake in rat lung slices. AB - Paraquat accumulation into rat lung slices was unaffected by hypoxia (PO2 = 645 mm Hg) but was inhibited by hypoxia. The IC50 (IC50 = partial pressure of O2 resulting in a 50% inhibition of paraquat accumulation) for paraquat accumulation was P02 = 50 mm Hg; significant accumulation could be observed after 1 or 2 hr of incubation at PO2 = 10 mm Hg. The hypoxic inhibition was due to oxygen limitation of the accumulation mechanism and not to a diffusion limitation of oxygen or to cell death. Incubation of lung slices for up to 2 hr in 100% N2 (PO2 = 0 mm Hg) did not decrease paraquat accumulation or metabolism of glucose to CO2 when the slices were returned to room air. However, under the same conditions total tissue oxygen consumption was decreased by 50%. Paraquat accumulation and glucose metabolism are oxygen dependent but are resistant to the damaging effects of cellular anoxia. PMID- 7250089 TI - Mucosal suggillation in the colon in secondary amyloidosis. AB - Amyloidosis of the gastrointestinal tract can mimic a variety of different conditions. The symptoms and findings depend upon the localization and extent of the amyloid deposits. This report concerns a 53-year-old female patient with secondary amyloidosis in the presence of a plasmocytoma, in whom, at endoscopy, petechial mucosal suggillation were observed in the distal colon. The cause of the mucosal petechiae were probably vascular changes induced by deposits of amyloid. PMID- 7250092 TI - Dietary and hormonal regulation of urea cycle enzymes in rat liver. AB - When 6-week-old rats fed normal diet (22% protein) were transferred to 10 and 75% protein diet, the levels of urea cycle enzymes showed decreases and increases respectively. The activities expressed as units per gram wet weight of liver had not stabilized after 7 days on the new diet; the corresponding specific activities were closer to leveling off. Four daily injections of cortisol raised CPS, ASS, and arginase. The percentage increases were greater on a 10 than on a 75% protein diet. Adrenalectomy of rats fed 10% protein decreased all urea cycle enzymes; on 75% protein, only arginase decreased. All enzymes could be raised to control levels within 24 h by three injections of cortisol. Thyroxine produced only slight increases in urea cycle enzymes. On a 10% protein diet, all five enzymes were raised by thyroidectomy, and further raised by injection of thyroxine. PMID- 7250093 TI - Hair acid phosphatase: multiple forms, glycoprotein nature and characterization. AB - Multiple forms of guinea pig hair acid phosphatase and glycoprotein types have been studied by isoelectric focusing and concanavalin-A-Sepharose chromatography. The enzyme appeared under many different forms using electrophoresis. They had similar properties (optimum pH, inhibition studies). The bulk of hair acid phosphatase was bound to concanavalin-A-Sepharose, and approximately 60% of the activity was eluted with alpha-methyl-D-glucoside. This finding strongly indicates that hair phosphatase is a glycoprotein. The enzyme was partially purified by a procedure including DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose chromatography, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The enzyme showed similar properties to those of lysosomal acid phosphatase from other organs. PMID- 7250094 TI - Effects of conditioning on exertional rhabdomyolysis and serum creatine kinase after severe exercise. AB - This study determined the effects of different conditioning levels on exertional rhabdomyolysis after severe exercise. 15 well-conditioned men were randomly divided into three conditioning groups, i.e. 0, 4 and 8 miles on alternate days for 1 month. They were physically stressed by running 14 miles at 8 min/mile after 1 month of training. The effects of the different levels of conditioning on exertional rhabdomyolysis after the test run were determined by assaying serum samples for creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin levels. Serum CK levels increased 98-294% above pre-conditioning control values after the 14-mile test run while serum myoglobin levels increased 52-405%. The most marked increases occurred in those subjects who trained less than 8 miles on alternate days. These results suggest that these quantitative indices are useful in determining the amount of conditioning necessary to prevent significant rhabdomyolysis after severe exercise. PMID- 7250095 TI - Monoamine oxidase: studies of normal and psychiatric populations in a tropical environment. AB - The pattern of changes in the platelet and plasma monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities with different substrates was recorded in 75 psychiatric patients compared with 27 normal controls. The results confirm that chronic schizophrenics, manics and manic-depressives have significantly lower platelet MAO activity, while depressives show higher platelet MAO activity than controls, without affecting plasma MAO activity. No significant substrate-related differences were observed, except when tyramine was used as substrate; then acute schizophrenics showed significantly lower platelet MAO activity. The differences persist even during the treatment period. The present finding is consistent with the results previously reported and indicates that biochemically there exist no striking differences between our population and the populations reported on elsewhere in different environments. PMID- 7250096 TI - Activities of enzymes required for the conversion of 4-carbon TCA cycle compounds to 3-carbon glycolytic compounds in human diploid fibroblasts. AB - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and pyruvate carboxylase activities were localized in the mitochondrial (particulate) fraction of human diploid fibroblasts (HDF). Malic enzyme, malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) were distributed between the mitochondrial and cytosolic (soluble) fractions, the latter two enzymes being more equally distributed than malic enzyme, which was largely cytosolic. The specific activities of mitochondrial PEPCK and cytosolic malic enzyme, MDH and GOT increased during cell growth. The results support an active conversion of 4 carbon tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates to 3-carbon glycolytic intermediates in HDF. PMID- 7250097 TI - RNA polymerase and ribonuclease activities in skeletal muscle of prednisolone treated rats. AB - Nuclei isolated from gastrocnemius muscles of rats given prednisolone acetate i.p. showed decreased levels of Mg2l-dependent RNA polymerase activity while the Mn2+-dependent polymerase activity showed no significant change from control levels. Both acid and alkaline ribonuclease activities in gastrocnemius and liver of prednisolone-treated rats were lower than levels in untreated rats. Although evidence was obtained for the existence of an inhibitor of ribonuclease activity in skeletal muscle, the effect of the glucocorticoid on ribonuclease activity was not due to increased levels of any such inhibitor. PMID- 7250098 TI - Complement fixation tests for equine piroplasmosis (Babesia equi and B caballi) performed in the UK during 1976 to 1979. AB - The results of complement fixation (CF) test for equine piroplasmosis on sera from horses destined for international movement from Great Britain and Ireland are presented and analysed. No horses born and continuously resident in the British Isles were found carrying CF antibodies to either Babesia equi or B caballi. Positive animals were found to have association with the following countries where known tick vectors occur: Spain, Portugal, Belgium, France, Poland, USSR and Arabian Gulf countries. Data on the persistence of CF antibodies in animals subjected to repeated testing showed that some animals lost their CF titre within a few months of their first test while others retained a titre for periods up to 13 months of B caballi and 28 months for B equi. Some individuals regained titres on subsequent tests after becoming negative and the results suggest that removal from exposure to infection or, even, treatment does not necessarily eliminate a CF titre within a predictable time limit. PMID- 7250099 TI - Delayed monensin sodium toxicity in horses. AB - Thirty-two horses were examined with a history of poor performance and unthriftiness several months after the ingestion of feed containing monensin sodium. Cardiac abnormality was diagnosed in 8 cases and suspected in 4 others. Necropsy examinations were performed on 6 cases with marked clinical symptoms and evidence of circulatory failure was found. Marked cardiac myopathy and fibrosis was a consistent feature. It is concluded that ingestion of monensin sodium by horses may cause either acute death or delayed cardiac circulatory failure as a result of specific cardiac myodegeneration. PMID- 7250100 TI - Congealed amniotic fluid in the alveoli of lungs of aborted foals. AB - The alveoli of the lungs of 2 aborted foals contained elongated, dense bodies when examined histologically and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. By light microscopy, the bodies (10 to 40 micrometers in size) stained intensely with the Gram stain, and up to 10 were present within an alveolus. Electron microscopy determined that such bodies were not cellular in origin but appeared to be a congealed fluid product composed of layers of fibrillar-like material. From the human literature, it was concluded that these intraalveolar bodies were probably congealed amniotic fluid. PMID- 7250101 TI - A technique for catheterisation of the coronary sinus in adult ponies (Equus caballus). AB - Long-term catheterisation of the coronary sinus using a specially designed catheter was accomplished in 6 ponies via a right lateral thoracotomy. The catheter comprised a 10 to 12 cm long stiff segment (Teflon) joined to a 100 cm length of pliable medical grade (vinyl) tubing. Catheters were kept functional up to 10 weeks postoperatively. Location of the catheter tip was verified by determining the oxygen tension of anaerobically withdrawn blood samples. Normal values of oxygen tension of the coronary sinus blood in ponies were similar to those reported for the dog, whereas oxygen content was significantly lower. PMID- 7250102 TI - Method for the automation of equine differential leucocyte counts. AB - A technique for automating equine differential leucocyte counts by analysis of volume distribution curves using the Coulter Channelyzer has been developed and evaluated. A comparison between the results obtained by this method and standard microscopic techniques showed good agreement in most cases. Blood samples can be analysed for both differential and total leucocyte counts at a rate of 25/h. For each sample an average 16,000 leucocytes are classified by the Channelyzer. The method of volume analysis is suitable for the precise counting of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils but blood films should still be screened to recognise any increase in monocytes or the presence of immature cells. PMID- 7250103 TI - Reference values for equine peritoneal fluid. AB - Twenty horses, aged one to 17 years (mean age 6 years), presented for elective destruction and subsequently found at autopsy to have no significant peritoneal alterations, were used to determine a variety of reference values for peritoneal fluid. Samples were collected ante mortem or within 1 h post mortem. Each cavity contained 100 to 300 ml of usually clear, pale yellow fluid which in a clinical refractometer showed a mean specific gravity 1.010 (range 1.0081-1.0116) and mean (+/- standard deviation) total protein 7.7 +/- 3.6 g/litre. The mean total nucleated cell count (+/- sd) was 4.33 +/- 2.5 x 10(9)/litre (range 1.5-10.1 x 10(9)/litre) and, proportionally, polymorphonuclear leucocytes averaged 45.2 per cent, mononuclear phagocytes 47 per cent, lymphocytes 7.8 per cent, eosinophils 0.7 per cent and basophils and mast cells zero. Eosinophils were not usually seen but 6 samples had 1 to 5 per cent. The peritoneal fluid chemical profile (mean +/ sd) was: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 118.9 +/- 46.9 iu/litre; alkaline phosphatase (AP) 56.0 +/- 52.7 iu/litre; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 143.0 +/- 106.1 iu/litre; total bilirubin (TB) 8.0 +/- 6.2 mumol/litre; total protein (TP) (biuret method) 14.2 +/- 6.8 g/litre; urea nitrogen (BUN) 6.1 +/- 1.1 mmol/litre; glucose 7.7 +/- 1.8 mmol/litre; inorganic phosphate (IP) 1.4 +/- 0.5 mmol/litre; calcium 2.0 +/- 0.2 mmol/litre. TP, BUN, glucose and IP were closely correlated with levels in paired serum samples. PMID- 7250104 TI - Fat necrosis in a foal. PMID- 7250108 TI - Damnosa hereditas. PMID- 7250105 TI - Ectopic nutrient foramina in the third metatarsal bone of the horse. PMID- 7250106 TI - Fertility in pony mares after post ovulation service. PMID- 7250107 TI - Technique of tracheobronchial aspiration in the horse. PMID- 7250109 TI - Will vaccination provide the answer? PMID- 7250110 TI - Perspectives in perissodactyls. AB - The world-wide foaling rate in the mare is low and in the Hannoverian breed has remained asymptotic at about 50 per cent for over 150 years. In an attempt to discover some of the possible reasons for this low fertility rate, the evolutionary history of the perissodactyls, the odd-toed ungulates, is reviewed here. Of the 156 genera of this order, 152 are in the fossil record; this gives them the highest extermination rate of all the mammal groups. Some of the unusual and unique features of the reproductive physiology of the mare and their possible association with low fertility are considered. PMID- 7250112 TI - Vinyl chloride-associated disease. PMID- 7250111 TI - Pleural effusion associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach of a horse. PMID- 7250113 TI - [Esophagus manometry]. PMID- 7250114 TI - General shape and hapten-induced conformational changes of pig antibody against dinitrophenyl. A small-angle scattering study. AB - Pig antibodies against dinitrophenyl were studied by neutron small-angle scattering and X-ray small-angle scattering with particular attention to the analysis of cross-section plots and determination of the radii of gyration of cross-section. The experimentally determined molecular parameters Rg (radius of gyration), Rq1 and Rq2 (two different radii of gyration of cross-section characterizing every antibody sample) show that the shapes of the two antibody types, precipitating and non-precipitating, are similar. The non-precipitating antibody is slightly more compact. The parameters Rg, Rq1 and Rq2 of complexes of antibodies with the hapten, 8-dinitrophenyl-5,8-aza-4-oxo-octanoic acid, are smaller than those of the free antibody. This indicates that a conformational change is induced by the binding of the hapten. The character of the change of parameters is consistent with a view that the observed contraction of the molecule proceeds via similarity transformation. In order to design a model of a pig antibody molecule, isolated building blocks of the molecule, the Fab and Fc fragments, were first studied. A comparison of the scattering curves with various models of fragments showed, however, that the isolated fragments acquire in solution elongated rod-like shapes. Over 300 tentative models of the intact antibody molecule, built of small identical spheres, were constructed before a good fit with the experimental data was achieved. The most probable models have a cavity in the Fc part and the Fab parts are either fully extended or slightly bent downwards to the Fc part. PMID- 7250115 TI - Induction by hormones of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in bean-cell suspension cultures. Inhibition of superinduction by actinomycin D. PMID- 7250116 TI - Molecular characteristics of a non-deletion alpha-thalassaemia of the Po River Delta. AB - The form of alpha-thalassaemia of the Po river delta presents haematological and globin biosynthetic characteristics similar to alpha-thalassaemia-1 but never gives rise to HB H disease nor to hydrops foetalis. In alpha-thalassaemic subjects originally from this region globin mRNA translation and alpha-globin gene arrangement have been investigated. The data obtained indicate that alpha globin synthesis and reticulocyte alpha-globin mRNA are reduced by one fourth; in addition, since the defect in alpha-globin synthesis does not change with cell ageing, a possible instability of alpha-globin mRNA is excluded. Restriction enzyme analysis of the DNA shows a normal alpha-globin gene organization. This form of alpha-thalassaemia is therefore of the non-deletion type; its molecular lesion is either at the level of alpha-globin mRNA transcription or processing. The fact that this, as well as other forms of non-deletion alpha-thalassaemia, have a phenotypic expression similar to alpha-thalassaemia 1 is discussed. PMID- 7250117 TI - Turnover of cellular glutathione in isolated rat-kidney cells. Role of cystine and methionine. AB - Turnover of cellular glutathione in isolated rat kidney cells was studied using cystine or methionine as sulfur donor. In the absence of any sulfur donor a continuous decrease of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) during incubation of the cells was observed. This decrease was abolished in the presence of cystine, and, as indicated by incorporation of 35S, there was also a rapid synthesis of GSH. In the presence of gamma-glutamyltransferase inhibitor, the synthesis of intracellular GSH was accompanied by an accumulation of extracellular cysteine-glutathione mixed disulfide whereas only minor amounts of GSH and glutathione disulfide could be detected. The intracellular levels of both the cysteine-glutathione and glutathione disulfides were at all times points very low. Even though the uptake of cystine was rapid and not rate-limiting for GSH synthesis, almost no cystine could be detected intracellularly. An increasing intracellular cysteine concentration was however observed, indicating a rapid reduction of cystine. In contrast to cystine, methionine did not protect from the loss of intracellular GSH and only a low rate of incorporation of 35S into GSH was observed. Methionine was rapidly taken up into the cells but was apparently converted to cysteine only to a very limited extent. This is most likely due to a low activity of the enzyme cystathionase since neither homocysteine nor cystathionine was very effective in supporting GSH synthesis. PMID- 7250118 TI - Effect of ammonium ion on pyrimidine synthesis de novo in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Addition of ammonium ions to isolated rat hepatocytes stimulated the rate of synthesis of pyrimidines. Isolation and quantification of pyrimidine nucleotides orotic acid and the acid-hydrolyzed product of carbamoyl-aspartic acid by ion exchange chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography show a marked stimulation in the incorporation of [14C]bicarbonate in incubations with added ammonium ions. The incorporation into total uridine nucleotides (sigma UMP) was increased twofold in the presence of 5 mM ammonium ion, and approximately eightyfold into orotic acid. There was a parallel increase in labelling of carbamoylaspartic acid from undetectable to a level similar to that of orotic acid. The specific activity of urea formed during the incubations did not change during incubations or in the presence of ammonium ions confirming that the change in labelling of pyrimidine was not due to a change in the specific activity of precursor. Despite the stimulation in incorporation of label into pyrimidines there was no increase in the hepatocyte content of sigma UMP, which was 11.5 mumol/g dry weight, although the orotic acid content increased from 0.09 mumol/g dry weight in the absence of added ammonium ions (but in the presence of 2 mM L glutamine) to 8.6 mumol/g dry weight with 5 mM ammonium ion. The stimulated incorporation of [14C]bicarbonate in the presence of 5 mM and 10 mM ammonium ion was shown to be due to a stimulated synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate, since greater than 80% of label in the uracil ring was present at position C-2. Incubation of hepatocytes in basal medium (Eagles) containing 2.5% foetal calf serum and 20 mM bicarbonate showed that there was a significant stimulation of pyrimidine synthesis with 1 mM ammonium ion. The stimulatory effect of ammonium ions on incorporation of bicarbonate into pyrimidines was almost completely reversed by 5 mM L-ornithine and was partially reversed by 1 mM L-ornithine. Evidence for a contribution of the urea cycle carbamoyl phosphate synthetase to pyrimidine synthesis is discussed. PMID- 7250119 TI - Acetylcholine receptor from mammalian skeletal muscle. Oligomeric forms and their subunit structures. AB - 1. The acetylcholine receptor of cat denervated skeletal muscle was solubilised with Triton X-100 in the presence of protease inhibitors and was shown to have a sedimentation coefficient of about 9 S. This oligomer can be converted to a smaller, active 4-S species. 2. This 9-S glycoprotein was purified to homogeneity (showing pI = 5.0) by improved biospecific chromatography on alpha-neurotoxin and lectin affinity gels, and shown to bind specifically 10--11.5 mumoles [2,3 3H]propionyl-alpha-bungarotoxin/g protein. The association rate constant (3 x 10(5) M-1 s-1 at 25 degrees C) for this reaction was similar to that observed with membrane-bound or unpurified receptor; affinity constants for nicotinic ligands were also similar in all these cases. 3. By a variety of techniques, a major polypeptide of Mr about 43,000 was detected in the pure protein. Likewise, both 9-S and 4-S oligomers isolated in a pure state at high yield (approximately equal to 80%) by a novel technique using anti-toxin immunoglobulin, contained the same size of subunit. 4. Sub-synaptic and extra-synaptic forms of the receptor were alkylated specifically in the membrane-bound state with the affinity reagent bromo[3H]acetylcholine. As in the case of the pure receptor from denervated muscle, the same size polypeptide (Mr 43,000) was labelled. This was true, also, for both the 9-S and the 4-S oligomer of the denervated muscle receptor. 5. Proposed oligomeric structures of acetylcholine receptors containing single and multiple-size subunits are discussed. PMID- 7250120 TI - Molecular forms of the acetylcholine receptor from vertebrate muscles and Torpedo electric organ. Interactions with specific ligands. AB - Multiple forms of the acetylcholine receptor solubilised from cat denervated muscle were separated by velocity sedimentation centrifugation. The kinetic properties of the two main forms (with sedimentation coefficients of 9 S and 4 S) were investigated using a pure preparation of a suitable probe, [3H]propionyl alpha-bungaro-toxin. The binding of this toxin to each of these forms of the muscle receptor was consistent with a simple bimolecular reaction with a homogeneous class of binding sites. Negligible dissociation of the receptor-toxin complex was observed. This behaviour was also found for the different forms of the acetylcholine receptor of chick embryo muscle and of Torpedo marmorata electric organ. Association rate constants for binding of the 3H-labelled alpha toxin to receptor from chick embryo muscle and the 9-S and 4-S forms from cat denervated muscle were 0.54 X 10(5), 1.76 X 10(5) and 2.69 X 10(5) M--1 S--1 respectively, at 25 degrees C. The values obtained for the 9-S and 13-S forms of receptor from T. marmorata were 4.51 X 10(5) and 9.93 X 10(5) M--1 S--1 respectively. The reaction of the 3H-labelled alpha-toxin with the receptor was second-order and linear in the presence of an antagonist, as in its absence, for the 4-S and 9-S forms of the cat denervated muscle receptor. This reaction of the receptor was inhibited by cholinergic ligands, with Ki values for two antagonists tested being greater with the 4-S form than with the 9-S form. Apparent negative interaction is observed for antagonists with this receptor, with Hill coefficients of about 0.78 and 0.64 for the 4-S and 9-S forms respectively. A ligand-induced affinity increase, produced by the agonists but not by the antagonists, was observed in this reaction for both forms of the muscle receptor. Two agonists tested showed no difference between these forms in their high affinity states in either their binding affinities or Hill coefficients. PMID- 7250122 TI - Spectroscopic and photoreduction studies of copper chromophores in ceruloplasmin. AB - Photoreduction of native ceruloplasmin, using the 454.5-nm line of an Ar+ laser, enables the identification of type-Ia, type-Ib and type-II copper. The circular dichroic spectra of N--3-bound type-II copper and SCN-- -bound type-II copper are obtained by the same procedure after anionic treatment of ceruloplasmin. From circular dichroic and resonance Raman evidence it appears that some of type-Ia and type-Ib copper ligands differ. Type-Ib copper ligands seem to the same as type-I copper in plastocyanin and azurin. Even though type-Ib copper is coordinated to one sulfur of cysteine and one sulfur of methionine (or disulfide of cystine), the methionine sulfur is not a ligand for type-Ia copper. PMID- 7250123 TI - Thionins: plant peptides that modify membrane permeability in cultured mammalian cells. AB - Thionins, which are high-sulphur polypeptides present in the endosperm of wheat and related species, have ben found to prevent growth and to inhibit macromolecular synthesis in cultured mammalian cells. Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells were markedly more sensitive to thionins than the other cell lines tested (monkey CV1, mouse L, human HeLa). A thionin concentration of 5 microgram/ml (1 microM) completely blocked translation in BHK cells. It was later found that omission of both calcium and magnesium ions from the medium strongly enhanced the inhibitory effects of thionins (BHK cells, 80% inhibition, 0.5 microgram/ml). Several lines of evidence indicate that thionins might act at the membrane level. Indeed, both the 86Rb+ content and the nucleotide pool of BHK cells were drastically decreased at thionin concentrations that inhibited translation. In addition, thionin concentrations that did not affect macromolecular synthesis in these cells, allowed inhibition of translation by antibiotics, such as hygromycin B, that are not able to cross the cell plasma membrane by themselves. Our results suggest that the inhibition of protein, RNA and DNA synthesis in BHK cells might be a consequence of membrane leakiness induced by thionin treatment. In this respect, particularly striking was the parallelism found between 86Rb+ leakage and inhibition of protein synthesis by treatment with different genetic variants of thionins (alpha 1 purothionin, alpha 2 purothionin, beta purothionin from wheat; hordothionin from barley), as well as with the viscotoxins, which are homologous polypeptides from the European mistletoe. PMID- 7250124 TI - The amino-acid sequence of the alpha subunit in bovine brain S-100a protein. AB - The brain specific S-100 protein is a mixture of two components S-100a and S-100b with a subunit composition alpha beta or beta 2 respectively. The amino acid sequence of the beta subunit has been previously determined. This paper presents the sequence of the alpha subunit in the S-100a protein. The alpha subunit consists of 93 amino-acid residues and has a relative molecular mass of 10,400. The sequence shows extensive homology (58%) with that of the beta-subunit and shares an apparent calcium binding site in the C-terminal half of the molecule, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship between these subunits. PMID- 7250125 TI - The effect of cholesterol on the phase structure of glucolipids from Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes. AB - 1. The packing properties in lipid mixtures containing cholesterol and membrane glucolipids from Acholeplasma laidlawii are modified by varying the amounts of cholesterol, diacylmonoglucosylglycerol and diacyldiglucosylglycerol in the mixtures as well as the temperature and the degree of acyl chain unsaturation. These changes affect both the proportions of different lipids having dissimilar molecular geometries and the geometry of the lipid molecules themselves. 2. All mixtures containing glucolipids with equal amounts of palmitoyl and oleoyl chains formed a lamellar liquid-crystalline phase in the growth temperature range of A. laidlawii, while a reversed cubic liquid-crystalline phase dominated in mixtures containing dioleoyl glucolipids. These lipids formed a reversed hexagonal phase together with 27% cholesterol. Mixtures with lipid compositions occurring in the membranes of living Acholeplasma cells formed a lamellar liquid-crystalline phase. 3. Large amounts of cholesterol and diacylmonoglucosylglycerol, high temperatures and a high degree of cis unsaturation favoured the formation of cubic or hexagonal liquid-crystalline phase structures of the investigated lipid mixtures. Diacylmonoglucosylglycerol and cholesterol are both wedge-shaped. Temperature and cis unsaturation accentuate the wedge-shape properties of the glucolipid molecules. 4. The changes in the lipid composition of A. laidlawii membranes as a response to cholesterol incorporation can be explained by the geometry and packing characteristics of the sterol molecule and the concept of 'fluidity' does not need to be involved. PMID- 7250121 TI - Binding of sea-urchin RNA polymerase II on homologous histone genes. PMID- 7250127 TI - Synthesis of phosphatidyl-dCMP in human lymphocytes and its enhancement by chlorpromazine. AB - When phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes are labelled with [3H]deoxycytidine (dCyd), a compound soluble in organic solvents is formed. Several analytical procedures such as thin-layer chromatography and alkaline hydrolysis of the product obtained after labeling of stimulated lymphocytes with [14C]glycerol and [3H]dCyd, suggest that the product synthesized is phosphatidyl dCMP. This compound is synthesized in much smaller amounts than when permeabilized lymphocytes and [3H]dCTP as a precursor are used. The synthesis of phosphatidyl-dCMP is highly enhanced by chlorpromazine, phosphatidic acid and arachidonic acid, whereas addition of inositol diminishes the amount of detected phosphatidyl-dCMP. It is suggested that this compound would be a precursor of phosphatidylinositol. PMID- 7250126 TI - Purification and functional properties of the hemoglobin components from the rat (Wistar). AB - Homogeneous components of Wistar rat hemoglobin have been isolated and characterized from the molecular and functional point of view. The O2 equilibrium behaviour of the three main components (HbII, HbIII, HbIVA) has been investigated as a function of pH and organic phosphate concentration. The ligand-binding kinetics of the isolated components have been also studied and are fully consistent with their equilibrium behaviour. It should be remarked that the choice of the system was governed largely by the ability of rat hemoglobins to crystallize very quickly. This almost unique molecular property together with the complete reversibility of the process may allow information to be obtained on the thermodynamics of ligand-linked phase changes. PMID- 7250128 TI - Modification of arginine residues in porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2. AB - Although phenylglyoxal monohydrate reacts with Arg-6 in porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2, concomittantly the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal Ala-1 residue is quantitatively transaminated. Due to this latter reaction the enzymatic activity toward micellar substrate is lost irrespective of the Arg-6 modification. Upon reaction of [7-(14)C]phenylglyoxal monohydrate with alpha amino-blocked phospholipase A2 analogs, two molecules of the reagent were incorporated per protein molecule, which were found to be present on Arg-6. Removal of alpha-amino-blocking groups after the modification reaction furnished the corresponding Arg-6-modified phospholipases possessing 30-38% of their original specific enzymatic activities in the egg-yolk assay. After reaction of 1,2-[1-(14)C]cyclohexanedione with porcine phospholipase A2 the crude reaction mixture was purified by chromatography on quaternary diethyl-(2 hydroxypropyl)aminoethyl-Sephadex in the presence of borate. A fraction was obtained containing a pure protein in which one molecule of 14C-labeled reagent per protein molecule was incorporated which was found to be localized almost exclusively on Arg-6. Cyclohexanedione modification of Arg-6 in phospholipase A2 does not significantly influence its catalytic activity when assayed toward monomeric and micellar substrates. The results of direct binding experiments using substrate analogs and of monolayer studies of the phospholipase modified at Arg-6 by cyclohexanedione are in agreement with previous findings that Arg-6 is involved in the interaction of the enzyme with lipid-water interfaces. PMID- 7250129 TI - 5-Bromodeoxyuridine specifically inhibits the synthesis of estrogen-induced proteins in MCF7 cells. AB - In the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line, estrogens induce a secreted glycoprotein with an Mr of 46 000 (46 000-Mr protein) and the progesterone receptor; they also increase to a lesser extent the secretion of [35S]-methionine labelled proteins. When the cells are grown in the presence of 5-bromo-2' deoxyuridine (BrdUrd, 5 microgram/ml for 4 days) these estrogen-induced responses are substantially inhibited while other proteins not regulated by estrogens and cell growth are not affected by BrdUrd. This effect of BrdUrd is not secondary to a decrease in estrogen receptor levels and appears to require incorporation of BrdUrd into DNA for the following reasons. First, there is a lag before any effect of BrdUrd is seen which is similar to the doubling time of the cells. Second, the effect of BrdUrd is not seen when cells are cultured in medium containing BrdUrd and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, or excess thymidine, which blocks the incorporation of BrdUrd into DNA. Finally 2'-deoxycytidine, which reverses the effects of non-incorporated BrdUrd, is without effect on the inhibition of the estrogen-induced 46 000-Mr protein. We conclude that BrdUrd selectively prevents the effects of estrogens in MCF7 cells and that the mechanism of this anti-estrogenic effect of BrdUrd probably requires its incorporation into DNA and occurs beyond the nuclear translocation step of the estrogen receptor. Alterations in the recognition of chromatin effector sites by the estrogen-receptor complex could be involved in preventing hormone action. PMID- 7250130 TI - Modification by immobilization of the microenvironment of chromatophores of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. The influence on light-induced ADP phosphorylation coupled to cyclic electron transport. AB - Rhodopseudomonas capsulata chromatophores were immobilized with a co-crosslinking method. Immobilization was used as a tool for a defined modification of the chromatophore environment to study ATP production over a long period of time. The light-induced phosphorylation of ADP as a function of time was studied with chromatophores under different conditions: (a) native chromatophores with and without the hexokinase ATP-trapping system; (b) immobilized chromatophores without hexokinase, with the enzyme added in the bulk solution and with the enzyme co-immobilized in the matrix. The overall amount of ATP produced as a function of ADP concentration was studied for native and immobilized chromatophores. The global phosphorylation performed was also studied as a function of the amount of biological material used. The results can be explained by an effect of the ATP/ADP ratio. The results given by the immobilization show that the important point is not the ATP/ADP ratio in the bulk solution but the ratio value in the microenvironment of the chromatophore itself. PMID- 7250131 TI - Clarification of factors influencing the nature and magnitude of the protonmotive force in bovine heart submitochondrial particles. AB - The magnitude of the protonmotive force, and its division between pH gradient and membrane potential components has been further characterised in submitochondrial particles. In a reaction medium containing sucrose for osmotic support and 4-(2 hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonate (Hepes) as buffer, with succinate as substrate, the total protonmotive force reached a maximum value of 245 mV. The presence of Cl- enhanced the pH gradient with a partial but not fully compensating decrease in the membrane potential. When submitochondrial particles were suspended in a medium of low osmolarity consisting of phosphoric acid neutralised with Tris, again with succinate as substrate, the protonmotive force was lower and did not exceed 185 mV, and the pH gradient component was equivalent to 25 mV or less. The final phosphorylation potential, delta Gp, (formula: see text); maintained by the particles was higher in the phosphate/Tris medium (46- 47.7 kJ mol-1) than in the sucrose/Hepes/KCl medium (43.7 kJ mol-1). Thus, comparison of the phosphorylation potential with the protonmotive force would suggest that the mechanistic stoichiometry H+/ATP (H+ translocated per molecule of ATP synthesied) for the ATPase enzyme is 3 in the former medium and 2 in the latter, which might be taken to indicate two different types of mechanism required for ATP synthesis. However it is questioned whether a comparison of the protonmotive force with delta Gp in terms of equilibrium thermodynamics ought not to be complemented by analysis in terms of linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The latter treatment shows that it is possible to estimate only a value for the product of a phenomenological stoichiometry and the degree of coupling, which can be variable, but not the mechanistic stoichiometry. This treatment can also rationalise the observation of the higher delta Gp in reaction conditions where the lower values for delta p are estimated. Irrespective of possible explanations, the data show how an unprejudiced choice of reaction conditions can lead to different conclusions about the relationship between the phosphorylation potential and the protonmotive force. PMID- 7250132 TI - Effects of cholesterol feeding on the bile acids of male and female germ-free rats. AB - The effect of cholesterol feeding on the intestinal bile acids was studied in male and female germ-free rats. The bile acid pattern of the male animals was not altered considerably by cholesterol supplementation. Bile acids belonging to the chenodeoxycholic acid pathway slightly increased whereas cholic acid decreased. beta-Muricholic acid remained the predominant bile acid in male rats. On the other hand, cholesterol feeding to female germ-free rats substantially changed the intestinal bile acid composition. The concentration of cholic acid fell to one third and that of beta-muricholic acid decreased by about half. On the contrary, the relative amounts of chenodeoxycholic acid, allochenodeoxycholic acid and alpha-muricholic acid increased several times. The most striking sex linked effect of cholesterol feeding was the occurrence in female rats of a bile acid tentatively identified as 3 alpha, 7 beta-dihydroxy-6-oxo-5 beta-cholan-24 oic acid. This bile acid accounted for 16.0% and 26.6% of the total bile acids in the small intestine and in the cecum plus large intestine, respectively. Cholesterol feeding also influenced the sulfation of bile acids in female germ free rats. In the small intestine the sulfated fraction increased from 1.1% to 2.8% and in cecum plus large intestine from 23.0% to 30.8%. Allochenodeoxycholic acid was the predominant bile acid in the sulfate fraction. The total amount of bile acids in cecum plus large intestine increased from 72.0 to 225.0 mg/kg body weight in male rats and from 64.8 to 231.3 mg/kg body weight in female animals. PMID- 7250133 TI - Conformational analysis of the nucleotides A2'-5'A, A2'-5'A2'-5'A and A2'-5'U from nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism studies. AB - In recent publications A2'-5'A2'-5'A was found to be an inhibitor of protein synthesis. In this research conformational analysis of the 2'-5'-linked nucleotides A2'-5'A, A2'-5'A2'-5'A and A2'-5'U is reported. The complete 1H-NMR assignment of the three compounds is given. The degree and mode of base-base stacking is extracted from coupling constant data and circular dichroic (CD) spectra at various temperatures. The 2'-5' nucleotides surprisingly show a much stronger tendency to stack than the 3'-5' compounds. At 85 degrees C A2'-5'A occurs for about 50% in stacked states. The mode of stacking is different from 3' 5'ribonucleotides where the sugar rings predominantly adopt an N conformation. A2'-5'U displays an A(S)2'-5'U(N) stacked state. In A2'-5'A 'mixed' modes of stacking, i.e. NN, NS, SN and SS, are proposed to account for the CD and NMR observations. PMID- 7250134 TI - On the hydrophobic nature of signal sequences. AB - A number of signal sequences, prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic, have been analyzed in terms of gross amino acid composition and hydrophobicity. It is shown that the amino acid composition of the hydrophobic core can be well reproduced in a computer simulation of signal sequence 'evolution' with selection operating on the mean hydrophobicity of the sequence and the non-occurrence of charged residues. The calculated hydrophobicities are interpreted in terms of a model in which the hydrophobic part of the signal sequence partitions directly into the membrane interior, thereby making further translocation of the growing nascent chain possible. PMID- 7250135 TI - V Congress of the European Nuclear Medicine Society. Abstracts. PMID- 7250137 TI - Bayesian analysis of stress thallium-201 scintigraphy. AB - The variation of the diagnostic value of stress Tl-201 scintigraphy with prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the population has been investigated using Bayesian reasoning. From scintigraphic and arteriographic data obtained in 100 consecutive patients presenting with chest pain, the sensitivity of stress Tl-201 scintigraphy for the detection of significant CHD was 90% and the specificity was 88%. From Bayes' Theorem, the posterior probability of having CHD for a given test result was calculated for prevalences of CHD ranging from 1% to 99%. The discriminant value of stress Tl-201 scintigraphy was best when the prevalence of CHD lay between 30% and 70% and maximum for a prevalence of 52%. Thus, stress Tl-201 scintigraphy would be an unsuitable diagnostic test where the prior probability of CHD is low, e.g., population screening programmes, and would add little where the clinical probability of having CHD is already high. However, where the prior probability of having CHD is intermediate stress Tl-201 scintigraphy may provide valuable diagnostic information. PMID- 7250136 TI - Non-invasive analysis of metabolic reactions in body tissues, the case of myocardial fatty acids. PMID- 7250138 TI - 67Ga scintigraphy as an index of disease activity in pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - Gallium-67 scintigraphy was performed in 38 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis to assess its value as a supplement to the clinical, radiographical and functional investigations. In 32 (84%) of the 38 patients the scan was abnormal and showed 67Ga uptake in the pulmonary parenchyma and/or hilum. The incidence and severity of pulmonary symptoms correlated poorly with the localization and degree of 67Ga accumulation. During the clinical follow-up of untreated patients 67Ga scintigraphy showed regression earlier than chest radiography. Large doses of corticosteroids decreased the accumulation of 67Ga in the pulmonary parenchyma and hilum. The chest radiographical improvement was more gradual. The 67Ga scan can be used as an index of disease activity in the follow-up of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, whether or not they are treated with corticosteroids. Nevertheless, the results have to be considered together with other clinical data. PMID- 7250140 TI - Scintigraphic evaluation and dynamic studies with thallium-201 in thyroid lesions with suspected cancer. AB - Scintigraphic studies of the thyroid with thallium-201 chloride were performed in 46 patients in whom the final diagnosis was established by histology. In dynamic studies of 36 patients, sequential imaging was performed the first 40 min after injection. A single exponential, Cexp(-lambda t), was fitted to each of the curves generated from apparently pathological and from normal regions in each patient, as determined by earlier conventional scintigrams. To minimize the effects of normal individual variations, the relation between pathological (p) and normal (n) regions in the same patient was emphasized and quantified by two parameters, namely the extrapolated zero-time intercept (Cp/Cn) and the time development (lambda p-lambda n) of the ratio of counting rates/unit area in the two regions. The turnover appears to be somewhat slower for pathological tissue than for normal tissue. Although this difference was significant on the 5% level for both cancer and adenoma as a group, only the relative disappearance rate (lambda p-lambda n) resolved cancer frm adenoma and from goiter on the same level. All but one of the differentiated cancers had an increased uptake. PMID- 7250139 TI - Subcellular distribution of 111In and 169Yb in tumor and liver. AB - Subcellular distribution of 111In and 169Yb was quantitatively determined to evaluate the role of the lysosome in the accumulation of these nuclides in malignant tumor tissue and in the liver using three different tumor models and the host liver. In Yoshida sarcoma and Ehrlich tumor, most of the radioactivity of these nuclides was localized in the supernatant fraction, and only a small amount of radioactivity was localized in the mitochondrial fraction, which contains lysosomes. In the liver, most of the radioactivity was concentrated in the mitochondrial fraction. The radioactivity of this fraction increased with time after the administration of these nuclides and reached approximately 50% of the total radioactivity within 24 h. In the case of hepatoma AH109A, radioactivity of the mitochondrial fraction increased with time after administration, and about 30% of the total radioactivity was concentrated in this fraction after 24 h. It is concluded that the lysosome does not play a major role in the tumor concentration of these nuclides, although it may play an important role in their liver concentration. In the case of hepatoma AH109A, it is presumed that lysosome plays a considerably important role in the tumor concentration of these nuclides, hepatoma AH109A possessing some residual features of the liver. PMID- 7250142 TI - Structural parameters in the microsomal hydrolysis of 3-acyloxy-1, 4 benzodiazepines and the multiplicity of the esterases involved. AB - The biotransformation of several prodrug-type esters of centrally acting 1, 4 benzodiazepines was studied. Their rates of hydrolysis catalyzed by the hepatic microsomal fraction of mice were measured by pH-stat. The heterogeneity of the microsomal esterases was investigated with induction by phenobarbital and with inhibition by DFP. The resulting changes in esterase activity indicated that the phenyl-substituted esters separate from the homogenous sets of oxazepam and lorazepam esters. Regression analysis of the relative hydrolysis rates of the homogenous ester sets revealed a similar dependence on the steric ES the polar sigma* and hydrophobic deltaRM terms of the acyl moiety. The role of the polar term shows that a nucleophilic attack of the acyl moiety determines the hydrolysis. The role of hydrophobicity can be attributed to its interrelation with the steric parameter. The common equations for the aliphatic sters of oxazepam and larazepam suggest the similar nature of the esterases in question and the same catalytic mechanism. Different 3-acetoxy-1, 4-benzodiazepines were also synthetised and their maximal hydrolysis rates were quite different. This excludes the possibility that the deacylation step of the enzymes is rate determining. Instead, our data suggest that acylation of the microsomal esterases is rate-limiting for the hydrolysis of the aliphatic esters of 3-OH benzodiazepines. PMID- 7250141 TI - Clinical evaluation of serum ferritin to iron ratio in malignant diseases. AB - Serum ferritin levels were measured in 72 normal subjects and in 214 cases with various diseases by an immunoradiometric assay. In normal subjects, the serum ferritin levels were 27-230 mg/ml. Elevated serum ferritins were observed in most cases with iron excess and acute hepatitis. Markedly elevated levels were found in the majority of cases with acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma, hepatoma, and pancreatic cancer. High ferritin levels were also found in other malignant diseases. However, the range overlapped broadly with that of nonmalignant diseases. The serum ferritin correlated significantly with serum iron in normals and in those with iron deficiency anemia. In most nonmalignant cases, the serum ferritin and iron levels distributed on a regression line obtained from levels in normals and those with iron deficiency anemia. However, 92% of the malignant cases showed a serum ferritin to iron ratio higher than that of normal subjects. The estimation of the serum ferritin to iron ratio is a useful means for screening patients or in the differential diagnosis of a suspected malignant lesion. PMID- 7250145 TI - Pharmacokinetics of fenclofenac following single and multiple doses. AB - The plasma concentration of the anti-inflammatory drug fenclofenac was investigated in volunteers following single oral doses of 200, 500 and 600 mg, as well as multiple doses of 600mg b.i.d. over five days, using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The pharmacokinetic parameters derived were independent of dose, and the terminal half-life, t1/2, varied independently of dose between 20 and 38 hours (27.23 +/- 1.8 at 600mg). The apparent volume of distribution (Vd area) had similar values at doses of 200, 500 and 600mg of 15.2 +/- 2.6, 18.2 +/- 1.5 and 14.7 +/- 1.7 litres respectively. These small volumes of distribution indicate that fenclofenac distributes mainly into extracellular space. A mean peak plasma concentration of 63.5 +/- 4.6microgram/ml developed after 3 to4 hours following a single 600mg dose whilst a mean steady state plasma concentration (600mg b.i.d.) of 86.9 +/- 5.7 microgram/ml was achieved within four days, and this decayed with a mean terminal half-life of 25.9 +/- 4.2 hours. PMID- 7250144 TI - Disposition of a new steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, deflazacort, in rat, dog and man. AB - The physiological disposition of a new steroid anti-inflammatory agent, deflazacort, was examined in rat, dog and man following 5 mg/kg doses to the animals, and 50 mg to humans. The administered radiocarbon [2'-14C]-deflazacort), is rapidly and extensively absorbed into the general circulation in rat and man, whereas the bioavailability in the dog is low. The terminal plasma half-life for radioactivity elimination was, on the average, 11, 15 and 28 hr in rats, dogs and man, respectively. Urinary excretion was the predominant route of 14C elimination in the rat (-54% of the dose) and in man (-68% of the dose), whereas in the dog the majority of the dose was eliminated via the feces (82%). Tissue distribution studies in the rat did not show target organs, with the exception of the blood cells. Studies of binding to plasma proteins of the 21-desacetyl deflazacort, demonstrate in all the species a rather low level of binding of non-saturable type. PMID- 7250146 TI - Cleavage of digoxigenin digitoxosides by rat liver microsomes. AB - Microsomal monoxygenases can oxidize the axial hydroxyl of the terminal digitoxosyl of digoxin (dg-3), digoxigenin bis-, and digoxigenin mono digitoxoside (dg-2 and dg-1, respectively) to an oxo-group. The corresponding metabolites (15'-dehydro-dg-3, 9'-dehydro-dg-2, and 3'-dehydro-1, respectively) have been identified by chromatographic and chemical methods. Only after this oxibation the terminal sugar can be split off, presumably by beta-elimination. Therefore, for the degradation of dg-3 three successive cytochrome P450 catalyzed oxidations are necessary before digoxigenin (dg-0) can be obtained. The highest oxibation rate was observed with dg-1 (120-150 pmoles/mg microsomal protein/min) and by far the lowest with dg-2 (6-7 pmoles/min) as the substrate (concentration was 30/microM). The latter may contribute to the effect that dg-2 is the main dg 3 metabolite in vivo. Pretreatment of rats with canrenoate enhanced the microsomal oxidation of dg-3, dg-2, and dg-1 by a factor of 3.2, 2.3 and 1.3, respectively. In contrast, there was no increase after pretreatment with phenobarbital. PMID- 7250143 TI - Disposition of [4-14C]mofebutazone in the rat. AB - The absorption and elimination of radioactivity after the oral or intraperitoneal administration of[4-14C]mofebutazone was studied in rats. The blood concentration of radioactivity reached a maximum after about 0.7 h, fell rapidly until about 2 h, and then declined slowly. There was sometimes a second peak between 3-6 h. Elimination of radioactivity in urine and feces was extensive and rapid. Over a 24 h period, 73% of the orally administered radioactivity was eliminated in the urine and 15% in the faeces; most of this was eliminated during the first 8 h (89% of the urine radioactivity, 56% of the faeces radioactivity). In anaesthetized rats with cannulated bile ducts, 94% of the intraperitoneally injected radioactivity was eliminated in the bile over a 6 h period. Most of the radioactivity (about 85%) eliminated in the bile and the urine was in the form of a glucuronide and only small amounts less than 10%, was in the form of mofebutazone. PMID- 7250147 TI - Plasma concentration and disposition of buprenorphine after intravenous and intramuscular doses to baboons. AB - Buprenorphine is a newly-developed strong analgesic. A selected ion monitoring method has been developed to measure its plasma levels over the concentration range 20-3000ng ml-1. Six baboons each received intravenous and intramuscular doses of buprenorphine hydrochloride at a level of 5mg/kg in a cross-over study. The mean peak plasma concentrations (+/-standard deviation) were 2290 +/- 357ng ml-1 and 805 +/- 416ng ml-1 respectively and the corresponding times to the peak levels were 4.0 +/- 1.5 minutes and 30.3 +/- 24.6 minutes suggesting the rapid release of the drug from intramuscular sites. Comparison of areas under the plasma concentration versus time curves to 24 hours after dosing showed the mean bioavailability of buprenorphine from the intramuscular doses was 70% of that from the reference intravenous doses. PMID- 7250150 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of doxycycline polyphosphate (PPD), hydrochloride (CHD) and base (DB). AB - Six healthy volunteers received the same oral dose of doxycycline, base (200 mg). Each received two of the three preparations at two-week intervals. Experimental results were interpreted on the basis of one or two-compartment models. The three preparations gave the elimination constants of the same order of magnitude (0.045 h-1 to 0.051 h-1). The plasma half-life t 1/2 beta was 14.143 h for DP, 15.400 h for DHC and 13.588 h for DB. Vd is higher for DB (91.955 L) than for DPP (73.401 L) and DHC (64.827 L). Total plasma clearance is 52.767 ml/min for DPP, 48.728 ml/min for DHC and 60.174 ml/min for DB. Urinary elimination 72 hours after administration is 29.24% for DPP, 35.60% and 28.15% for DB. Fluorimetric analysis of some of the samples confirmed the values obtained, with the exception of a few parameters such as Vd and clearance, which were lower. This may result from the fact that this method of determination is more broadly responsive, and is not limited to the evaluation of the active fraction. Relative bioavailability of the capsule form of DPP is 111.15% of that of DHC. PMID- 7250149 TI - On the pharmacokinetics of domperidone in animals and man. I. Plasma levels of domperidone in rats and dogs. Age related absorption and passage through the blood brain barrier in rats. AB - Domperidone, a novel gastrokinetic and antinauseant lacking central side-effects, was administered intravenously to male Wistar rats and orally to fasted rats of either sex and to 1- and 6-day old neonates at doses of 2.5 mg 14C-labelled drug/kg. The biphasic absorption of domperidone in fasted rats was extremely rapid suggesting a partial absorption from the stomach. The metabolism of domperidone was sex- and age-related: it was slower in the female rat and in the neonates. The elimination system for the metabolites was still immature in the 1 day old pups. The distribution of domperidone (and related metabolites) to the rat brain was limited, brain concentrations being lower than corresponding plasma levels in all cases. In 1-day old neonates, the blood-brain barrier was less obstructive to the passage of domperidone than in older rats. In Beagle dogs, domperidone pharmacokinetics were described by a two-compartment model with half lives of distribution and elimination of 6 minutes and 2.45 hours respectively. The time-courses of the drug plasma levels were similar for single and repeated (once daily for 11 months) doses of 2.5, 10 and 40 mg/kg, indicating that chronic administration of domperidone, even at high dose levels, did not alter its pharmacokinetics. AUC-values increased proportionally with the dose pointing to linear pharmacokinetics over a wide dose range. PMID- 7250148 TI - Influence of phenylbutazone, mofebutazone and aspirin on the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone in the rat. AB - Phenylbutazone suppresses the C-6 hydroxylation, absorption rate, bioavailability, and renal and plasma clearancee rates of dexamethasone administered orally to normal and oedemateous rats. It increases the half life and the volume of distribution. Aspirin exerts an effect which is less pronounced and involves the enhancement of the C-6 hydroxylation. Aspirin suppresses the half life and renal clearance of dexamethasone and enhances its hepatic clearance. Mofebutazone does not exert any pronounced influence. Also, unlike phenylbutazone, it does not interfere with the gastrointestinal absorption of dexamethasone. More rapid onset of absorption, decrease of half life and increase of the contribution of renal clearance to total plasma clearance of dexamethasone, are characteristics of the oedematous condition in the rat. The contribution of renal clearance to the elimination of dexamethasone is much greater in the rat than in human subjects. The presence of a third unconjugated metabolite of dexamethaone in the urine of rat has been demonstrated. PMID- 7250151 TI - On the pharmacokinetics of domperidone in animals and man II. Tissue distribution, placental and milk transfer of domperidone in the Wistar rat. AB - Tissue distribution, placental transfer and transition into milk of the gastrokinetic drug domperidone were studied in the Wistar rat after i.v. or p.o. administration of the labelled compound at 2.5 mg/kg. Whole-body autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting were used to investigate the tissue localization of domperidone in pregnant and non-pregnant rats. In fasted rats, tissue levels were maximal within 15 minutes after either route. In non-fasted animals peak time occurred 30 minutes after oral treatment. Large amounts of radioactivity were present in the stomach, and in the bilious contents of the intestine. High activity was further detected in the liver, kidney, lung and some glandular tissues. After a rapid initial decrease radioactivity was eliminated with a half-life of 8-10 hours. Except for brain and testes, plasma levels were markedly lower than corresponding tissue levels. At 1 hour placental levels were 2-2.7 times higher and foetal concentrations 2.1-2.5 times lower than maternal plasma levels. The placentae and foetuses predominantly contained unchanged domperidone. At peak time only 0.2 (i.v.) and 0.08% (p.o.) of the dose crossed the placenta. Blood levels were always lower than milk concentrations. Preferentially metabolites were excreted with the milk. After a 20-hour suckling period of orally dosed dams, 0.2% of the dose was recovered in the combined tissues of 6 suckling pups. PMID- 7250152 TI - On the pharmacokinetics of domperidone in animals and man. IV. The pharmacokinetics of intravenous domperidone and its bioavailability in man following intramuscular, oral and rectal administration. AB - The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of domperidone, a novel gastrokinetic, were studied in healthy male subjects by comparing plasma concentrations and urinary excretion following intravenous, intramuscular, oral and rectal administration. Two oral dosage forms were studied: 10-mg tablets and a 10-mg/ml oral solution. The influence of a meal on the oral bioavailability and the dose proportionality were also investigated. Plasma levels of intravenous domperidone could be described by a three-compartment model with a rapid distribution of 40% of the dose to a "shallow" peripheral compartment. The final elimination half life was 7.5 hours. Peak plasma levels were reached within 30 minutes following intramuscular and oral administration and at 1-4 hours following rectal administration. Since domperidone showed an extensive first-pass elimination, AUC values -a measure for the bioavailability- were considerably lower after oral than after parenteral administration. Equal oral and rectal doses gave a similar bioavailability. AUC-values increased proportionally with the dose over a 10-60 mg range. Cumulative urinary excretion of unchanged domperidone was proportional to corresponding AUC-values. The bioavailability was discussed in the light of the therapeutic results. PMID- 7250156 TI - Study of small bowel transport pattern in fasted, conscious rats with an intact gastrointestinal tract. A methodological study with bile-excreted 99Tcm-Solco HIDA. AB - A method is presented for studies of small bowel propulsion in conscious rats with an intact gastrointestinal tract. A bile-excreted test substance, 99Tcm Solco-HIDA, was infused intravenously for time periods varying between 0.25 and 5 h. Immediately after the infusion, radioactivity was recorded from the excised bowel specimen. The activity distribution along the small bowel was always found to be 'peaky', i.e. the intestinal contents were transported in portions separated by fairly long completely empty regions. In a control experiment with simultaneous intravenous infusion of 99Tc-Solco-HIDA and infusion of a nonabsorbable test substance (125I-PVP) through a permanent duodenal catheter a similar activity distribution was observed. This indicates that the peaky appearance of the activity distribution is not due to a periodicity in the discharge of bile but reflects small bowel propulsive activity. PMID- 7250155 TI - Esophageal lesions caused by orally administered drugs. An experimental study in the cat. AB - This article presents an experimental method using cats for investigation of the local ulcerogenic properties of oral drugs in the esophagus. 15 drugs in current clinical use were tested. The drugs were placed in esophagus and the animals were sacrificed after 5--8 h, 4--7 or 21 days. The esophagus was cut open, photographed macroscopically and sectioned for light microscopy. Several drugs, e.g. doxycycline, alprenolol, propranolol, ferrosuccinate, ferrosulfate, and emepronium bromide showed marked ulcerogenic properties, whereas indomethacin and betamethasone did not cause any lesions in the cat esophagus. The results seem to be in accordance with the local effect these same drugs exert on the human esophageal mucosa. In order to predict and prevent drug-induced esophageal lesions in man we suggest that oral drugs should be tested concerning their local ulcerogenic properties in the esophagus. PMID- 7250153 TI - Continent valve ileostomy. AB - 2 years of experience with the sphincteroplasty in colostomy as well as intensive histological studies have shown that gastrointestinal smooth muscle can be autotransplanted without loosing functional or histological integrity. The following conclusions are based on experimental studies in dogs: (1) the sphincteroplasty technique can be successfully applied in ileostomy, and (2) the sphincteroplasty must, however, be combined with a pre-sphincter valve and an omega loop with Braun's anastomosis. The first clinical results confirm this concept. PMID- 7250154 TI - Osmotic adaptation of the brains of scalded rats to chronic increase in plasma Na+. Effects of corticosteroids. AB - The effect of chronically increased plasma Na+ concentration, secondary to scalding, on the cerebral electrolyte and water content was studied in rats. In contrast to findings in acute hypernatremia, the water content of the brain remained constant in these experiments. Cerebral adjustment to chronic hypernatremia is supposed to be brought about by an increase of osmotically active solutes in the brain. Regression analyses of the Na+ concentration in brain water versus the plasma Na+ concentration indicate that accumulation of Na+ in brain tissue is responsible only for about 50--60% of the osmotic adjustment to increased plasma osmolality in chronic hypernatremia. Except for animals receiving prednisolone, the cerebral K+ content remained constant. Therefore, it may be concluded that except for this group, formation of idiogenic osmoles comprises about 40--50% of the extra osmolality in brain. Aldosterone and spirolactone do not seem to influence osmotic adaptation of the brain, or formation of idiogenic osmoles under these circumstances. Prednisolone, however, seems to enhance cerebral accumulation of K+ in chronic hypernatremia. This was concluded from the close correlation between the K+ concentration in brain water and the plasma Na+ concentration found in this group. PMID- 7250157 TI - Experimental microsurgical model in rats preventing duodenogastric reflux. A preliminary report. AB - For the purpose of studying the significance of the bile and duodenal reflux into the stomach in rats we present an experimental animal model which--in contrast to the procedures reported until now--can exactly be reproduced due to the advantage of microsurgical techniques, thus reducing the operative trauma and accidental results during experimentation. The surgical procedure consists of a pylorojejunostomy with a Roux-en-y loop. This experimental model offers the possibility to discern a great deal of the problems and conditions which may be responsible in the adverse effect of bile and/or duodenal juice on the gastric mucosa. PMID- 7250158 TI - Growth of the kidney following unilateral antireflux surgery. AB - Measurements of the mean renal lengths pre-operatively, 3 months, 1, 3 and 5 years post-operatively in patients with unilateral reflux showed that renal growth accelerates unilateral antireflux surgery. The growth spurt was confined to the first post-operative year and was maximal in the first 3 months following operation and was identical in both kidneys. The cause of these alterations in renal growth are obscure but freedom from infection, increased dietary intake and improved concentrating ability of the kidney are significant factors. PMID- 7250159 TI - Treatment and prevention of complications after extravesical antireflux technique. AB - An extravesical antireflux technique was performed in 300 consecutive patients who presented primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The following results are reported: Elimination of VUR in 99% of the cases without complications. Early complications reported include: urinary retention, suppurative pyelonephritis and fistulae. Urinary retention occurred in 2 patients presenting other congenital abnormalities. Vesicocutaneous fistulae occurred in 2 patients due to obstruction of the catheter for vesical drainage; they closed spontaneously under adequate drainage of the bladder. Suppurative pyelonephritis and/or anuria occurred in 6 patients due to transitory obstruction due to edema of the new vesicoureteral junction and were treated with bilateral nephrostomy and progressed with good results after withdrawal of the nephrostomies. Late complications included: persistence of VUR in 8 patients due to two types of technical failure, too short a tunnel and dehiscence of the muscular suture; obstruction of the new vesicoureteral junction in five ureters due to three causes, excessive dissection of the ureters, mucosal stenosis and stenosis of the new hiatus; contralateral reflux in 6 patients due to nonsystematical performance of endoscopic examination of the ureteral meatus preoperatively in the first series of 100 consecutive cases. On the basis of the results achieved, the authors give specific suggestions that allow the technical prevention of the small number of complications that may occur using the extravesical antireflux technique in the treatment of VUR. PMID- 7250160 TI - Tamoxifen treatment in oligozoospermia. AB - This study of the effects of long-term tamoxifen administration on semen analysis of oligospermic males confirms the potential therapeutic efficacy in normogonadotrophic oligospermia. 38 out of the 56 patients responded well to long term treatment with 30 mg tamoxifen daily. According to the nomenclature of Eliasson, 32 patients reached normal sperm density and 16 patients normal sperm motility after tamoxifen treatment. In the group of responders a pregnancy rate of 34% is obtained. As far as the endocrinological parameters are concerned normogonadotrophic patients (responders and non-responders) showed an increase in testosterone, 17beta-estradiol, LH and FSH levels, whereas the levels of prolactin and testosterone/estradiol-binding globulin remained unchanged. No alterations at all were seen with regard to semen volume, during the time of tamoxifen treatment. PMID- 7250165 TI - We visited for you: the Institute of Urology of Moscow. PMID- 7250163 TI - Successful renal stone dissolution by long-term irrigation. PMID- 7250161 TI - Urease inhibitor therapy in infected renal stones. AB - The strict dependence of struvite and carbonate apatite renal stones on the urease-producing germs confirm the need to combine bacterial urease inhibitor drugs with antibiotic treatment. Of the two antiurease drugs used the better results were obtained with acetohydroxamic acid, both for its minimum side effects and its more powerful urease-inhibitor capacity. Thus stone recurrence was avoided even in patients with urinary infection not responding to specific antibiotic treatment. PMID- 7250162 TI - Transplantation of a free peritoneal patch in surgery of the renal pelvis and ureter. AB - Operations on the urinary collecting system successfully utilized the free peritoneal patch in a variety of situations, as animal experiments have shown. When used to cover defects the peritoneum works as a multipotent matrix for invasion of urothelium; when used as an envelope it prevents stricture due to perihilar/periureteral scarring. We used a free peritoneal patch in 31 operations on the renal pelvis and ureter between 1975 and 1980. The indications for the patch were; defects of the renal pelvis of ureteropelvic junction due to surgery for recurring stones or carcinoma of the pelvis; and pyelocalicotomy of an intrarenal pelvis if it was impossible to suture the pelvis. We also used the patch to envelop renal pelvis and ureter in extended perihilar inflammation or stenosis of the pyeloureteral junction and proximal ureter due to scarring. The results, as shown by urography, were excellent or good in 25 or the 31 cases. The transplantation of a free peritoneal patch is a simple, reliable technique that can be recommended for covering defects or preventing stricture in surgery of the renal pelvis and ureter. PMID- 7250164 TI - Accessory spleen presenting as a retroperitoneal tumour. AB - We report the case of accessory spleen presenting as a retroperitoneal mass in close relation to the upper pole of the kidney. The considerable number of investigations and their operative sequel were motivated by the patients symptoms of haematuria and loin pain. These problems both had other simple explanations. Accessory spleen should always be considered by the urologist when investigating a retroperitoneal mass, even when the patients has already had a splenectomy. PMID- 7250166 TI - Intravesical instillaton of adriamycin: treatment of patients with difficulties to retain the instilled liquid. PMID- 7250167 TI - Haemodynamic reactions after intravenous injection of lorcainide hydrochloride in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Lorcainide hydrochloride given at the doses of 150 mg i.v. proved to be well tolerated at the acute stage of a myocardial infarction; the subjective signs were benign and never prevented us from completing the injection. The haemodynamic changes reflect some depressive effects on the myocardial function. Most of the observed changes are transient, and when significant from the statistical point of view, they remain very mild: the cardiac output decreased from 3.4 to 3.2 l/min per m2, the stroke index from 46 to 41 ml/m2, the pulmonary wedge pressure increases from 6.6 to 8.4 mm Hg (mean values). Lorcainide hydrochloride may thus be used as an antiarrhythmic drug in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7250168 TI - Hydralazine in the management of symptomatic sinus bradycardia. AB - Hydralazine (Apresoline) was used to increase heart rate in 21 patients (14 hypertensive and 7 normotensive) suffering from symptomatic sinus bradycardia (SSB). Patients were assessed clinically and by 24-h ECG analysis before and after tailored increasing doses of the drug. Heart rates measured were resting (basal) rate, minimum rate during sleep, maximal rate during the day, and mean rate during the 24-h period (from hourly strips). The longest sinus pause or period of sinus arrest (when present) was also measured. Hydralazine ameliorated symptoms and produced a 20% or greater increase in heart rate in just under two thirds of the hypertensive and half of the normotensive patients. Blood pressure decreased slightly in hypertensive but not in normotensive patients, and there were no important side-effects. Hydralazine appears to be a useful and effective drug to increase heart rate in patients with SSB. PMID- 7250169 TI - D.C. conversion in patients on amiodarone. AB - 3 patients with atrial fibrillation, of varying origin, have been successfully converted to sinus rhythm by D.C. shock while on the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone. D.C. shock did not cause rhythm disturbance. D.C. conversion may not be contraindicated in patients taking amiodarone. PMID- 7250170 TI - Arrhythmia control by cardiac stimulation. AB - Cardiac programmed stimulation in the control of tachyarrhythmias offers encouraging prospectives. We describe two devices which utilize radiofrequency as a means of synchronization and stimulation and can be triggered by the patient himself when tachycardia occurs. In addition we introduce a third anti tachycardia device, completely automatic, which can be used in cardiologic departments. The first device described permits critical stimulation and can be programmed to deliver a single or double synchronized impulse. The second device, which utilizes the same implanted unit and electrode as used for critical stimulation, when activated searches the tachycardia interruption zone by scanning. The third device, based on the same principles, has a rate discriminator that activates the scanning stimulation. We treated 12 patients: 8 suffering from paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (4 with Wolff--Parkinson- White syndrome, 2 with intranodal reentry, 2 with brady--tachy syndrome); 2 patients with ventricular recurrent tachycardia; 1 with atrial flutter; and another with iterative junctional tachycardia. The follow-up varied for every patient from 6 yr to 3 mth. PMID- 7250171 TI - Drug utilization - theory and practice. The present situation in the Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 7250173 TI - Clinical tolerability of ibopamine hydrochloride (SB 7505). AB - The clinical tolerance of ibopamine hydrochloride (Sb 7505) was investigated in 12 volunteers. The drug was administered on alternate days (2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th), starting at 100 mg and increasing by 50 mg each time to reach 350 mg on the 12th day. On the other days (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th and 13th) a placebo was given. Diuresis increased progressively with the dose, reaching a maximum increase of 88% after the last dose, and showing a small residual effect on each subsequent placebo day. Body weight showed a marginal change and decreased by 2% in the last two days of treatment. Heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure showed only marginal fluctuations of about 7% around the mean values, which were of little statistical and of no clinical significance. Haematological and biochemical parameters were not affected. No side effect was noticed. The dose of 350 mg may probably be increased without leading to side effects. PMID- 7250172 TI - Fixed combination of sotalol and hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of uncomplicated hypertension. AB - The combination of sotalol and hydrochlorothiazide in a fixed ratio of 6.4:1 was evaluated in thirty patients with uncomplicated hypertension. In the first part of the study, once daily administration of an optimal dose of the combination was significantly more effective than either hydrochlorothiazide or sotalol alone in lowering both the supine and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Blood pressure was still controlled 24 h after the previous dose. Serum potassium fell by 0.37 mEq/l from the mean pretreatment value after treatment with the combination, but it still remained within the normal range. In the second part of the study the long term effect of the combination on blood pressure, heart rate and biochemical parameters was studied in twenty patients. Supine and standing blood pressure fell by 28.7/15.3 mmHg and 29.5/17.6 mmHg, respectively (p less than 0.001). Serum potassium was 3.98 +/- 0.07 mEq/l after twelve months of therapy; potassium supplements were not administered. Like serum potassium, the other biochemical parameters remained within the normal range. The combination was well tolerated on long term use, and only one patient withdrew from the study. PMID- 7250174 TI - Antitubulin activity of vinblastine and vincristine. Clinical implications of the radial segmentation test. AB - The antitubulin activity of vinblastine and vincristine was compared by means of the radial segmentation test. Vinblastine was found to have antitubulin activity at least 6 times higher than that of vincristine. It is concluded that, if the differential indications for vinblastine or vincristine are balanced, it may be decisive for clinical treatment that more antitubulin activity can be administered as vinblastine than as vincristine. PMID- 7250176 TI - Pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of benzbromarone in man. AB - After administration of a single oral dose of benzbromarone 100 mg to 7 subjects, the maximum serum level was 1.84 +/- 0.87 mg/l, and the elimination halflife was 2.77 +/- 1.07 h. The major metabolite, benzarone, could be detected in serum 3 h after administration of benzbromarone, and the maximum serum benzarone level of 0.79 +/- 0.21 mg/l occurred after 6 h. Benzarone had an elimination half-life from serum of 13.52 +/- 2.18 h. Both substances were excreted mainly via the liver and bile. In urine only benzarone beta-glucuronide could be detected; it amounted to 1.55% of the benzbromarone dose. PMID- 7250177 TI - The pharmacokinetics of single doses of metoclopramide in renal failure. AB - The pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide have been studied after intravenous and oral dosing (10 mg) to 6 patients with chronic renal failure. The mean terminal half-life was 13.9 h after intravenous and 14.8 h after oral administration. Total body clearance after i.v. dosing was 16.7 l/h. Oral bioavailability was 71.8%. In comparison to previous studies on normal subjects these results indicate that clearance of metoclopramide in renal failure is approximately 30% of normals. This difference is not accounted for by the change in renal clearance and suggests impaired metabolism or an alteration in enterohepatic circulation of metoclopramide in renal failure. PMID- 7250175 TI - First data on effects and pharmacokinetics of isosorbide-5-mononitrate in normal man. AB - Isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg were administered orally to 2 healthy male volunteers. The pharmacological effect was determined using digital pulse plethysmography and the orthostatic tilting test, and at the same time side effects were monitored. The threshold of oral activity of IS-5-MN was found to be 5 mg. The maximum response was reached with doses of 20-30 mg. The duration of action of this dose was approximately 8 h. Higher doses did not lead to any further increase, but rather to a decrease in the pharmacological response, while the side-effects, such as headaches, dizziness and nausea, became more prominent. In a randomized, double-blind, three-way cross-over study in 11 female volunteers IS-5-MN 30 mg proved to be more potent with respect to pharmacological activity than sustained released ISDN 20 mg (isosorbide dinitrate), whereas there was no difference in side-effects. Thus, it can be estimated that IS-5-MN 20 mg is approximately equivalent to 20 mg sustained released ISDN. IS-5-MN is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and the maximum concentration in serum was reached 1.2 +/- 0.2 h after doses of 10 to 50 mg. The pharmacokinetics showed dose-linearity. The compound was eliminated with an average half life of 4.04 +/- 0.16 h, which is appropriate for a reasonably prolonged duration of action without the need for a sustained release formulation. PMID- 7250178 TI - Effect of renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and some of its metabolites. AB - Cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetics were studied in seven patients with moderate to severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearances 0-51 ml . min-1), and compared with a matched control group of patients with normal renal function. The mean half-life of cyclophosphamide following intravenous administration in the normal group was 8.21 +/- 2.33 (SD) h whilst that in renal failure was 10.15 +/- 1.80 h: these were significantly different. The total body clearance in the normal control group was 58.6 +/- 10.9 ml . kg-1h-1 which was significantly larger than in renal failure where it was 48.8 +/- 10.9 ml . kg-1h-1. Vd beta, Vdss and Vc were not significantly different between the two groups. A linear relationship exists between beta, the first order disposition rate constant and endogenous creatinine clearance since this drug shows a relatively small degree of compartmentalisation. The plasma half-life of phosphoramide mustard, a cytotoxic metabolite of cyclophosphamide, shows a parallel and significant increase in renal failure with the parent compound. The t1/2 in normal patients was 8.33 +/- 2.0 h, whilst in the renal failure group it was 13.37 +/- 4.23 h. Total alkylating activity as measured by the nitrobenzyl-pyridine reaction showed a significant increase in renal failure. This data suggests that in pharmacokinetic terms it may not be necessary to alter the dose of cyclophosphamide until there is severe renal impairment. Further studies correlating the efficacy and toxicity of the drug with its pharmacokinetics in renal failure are necessary. PMID- 7250179 TI - Effect of urine pH and flow on renal clearance of methotrexate. AB - Hydration and urinary alkalinization are used with high doses of methotrexate (MTX) to prevent precipitation of the drug in the renal tubules and consequential nephrotoxicity. The quantitative effect of these measures on the renal clearance of MTX was studied in 8 patients with normal renal function, and in 3 patients with reduced renal function. Multiple regression analysis indicated an influence of both factors on the ratio of the renal clearances of MTX and creatinine. In the eleven patients there was a linear correlation between this ratio and urine pH (p less than 0.001); the ratio increased from 0.88 at pH 5.5 to 2.62 at pH 8.4. The pH effect on this ratio was similar in the patients with normal and reduced kidney function. An increase in urine flow did not significantly increase the ratio between renal clearance of MTX and creatinine. The effect of urinary alkalinization on renal MTX clearance could be clinically exploited in patients with delayed elimination of MTX. The probable modifying effect of alkalinization of urine on the intentionally high plasma concentration after high dose MTX infusions should be further evaluated, particularly in patients with normal renal function. PMID- 7250180 TI - Allotype suppression in the chicken. III. Analysis of the recovery form suppression by neonatally injected or maternal antibodies. AB - Injection of M-1 (Cmu), G-1 (Cgamma) heterozygous chickens on the day of hatch with anti-IgM-1 antiserum induced allotype suppression from which chickens recovered over a period of approximately 4 months. The suppression of the serum IgM-1 levels was matched by a decrease in the number of splenic and peripheral blood B cells bearing the relevant IgM-1 allotype, and a compensatory increase in the number of cells bearing the alternative nonsuppressed IgM-1 allotype. However, the proportion of IgM-1 bearing bursal cells was only marginally altered. The recovery from suppression was due to B cell recruitment and could be abrogated by bursectomy. Allotype suppression induced in ovo or maintained by repeated injection of anti-IgM-1 anti-serum resulted in chronic suppression and depletion of the relevant peripheral as well as bursal IgM-1-bearing cells. Antibody titers of the relevant allotype in partially suppressed chickens generally correlated with serum allotype levels without clonal restriction in antibody response of the suppressed allotype. PMID- 7250181 TI - Effect of prostaglandins D2, E2 and F2alpha on catecholamine release from slices of rat and rabbit brain. AB - Slices of rabbit or rat brain cortex were preincubated with [3H]noradrenaline, and slices of rabbit caudate nucleus or rat stratum with [3H]dopamine. The slices were then superfused and stimulated electrically. In rat cortex slices, PGE2 (0.01-1 millimicronmol/l) markedly reduced the stimulation-evoked overflow of tritium. PGF2alpha (1 millimicronmol/l) caused a slight decrease only after the formation of endogenous prostaglandins had been blocked by indomethacin. PGD2 (1 millimicronmol/l) had no effect. In slices of rabbit cortex and caudate nucleus as well as in rat striatal slices, none of the prostaglandins (1 millimicronmol/l) caused any change, irrespective of whether the production of endogenous prostaglandins was intact or blocked. The results show that, of three major prostaglandins that occur in the brain, only PGE2 is a potent presynaptic inhibitor of noradrenaline release in the rat. The catecholamine neurones of rabbit brain, and the dopamine neurones of rat striatum, are resistant to these prostaglandins. PMID- 7250185 TI - Hypotension alters the release of catecholamines in the hypothalamus of the conscious rabbit. AB - The posterior hypothalamic nucleus of conscious, freely moving rabbits was superfused with CSF through a cannula. Intravenous injection of nitroprusside elicited a fall of the arterial blood pressure and increased the rates of release of endogenous catecholamines in the posterior hypothalamic nucleus, while noradrenaline increased the blood pressure but did not change the release of catecholamines. It is concluded that hypotension leads to a counteracting increase in the release of catecholamines in the posterior hypothalamus. PMID- 7250183 TI - The effects of calcium ions on the depression of cardiac contractility by chloroquine and quinine. AB - The effects of chloroquine or quinine, 0.04 mg. ml-1 on the ventricular function curve of turtles were determined. Both drugs caused a shift of the curve to the right indicating a reduction in cardiac contractility. This depression of the curve was fully reversed on raising the external calcium concentration from 1.1 mmol.1-1 to 5.8 mmol.1-1 in the case of chloroquine and to 6.7 mmol.1-1 when quinine was used. The observations indicate that calcium ions are able to reverse the cardiodepression induced by chloroquine and quinine. PMID- 7250184 TI - Differential effects of electroconvulsive shock and antidepressant drugs on serotonin-2 receptors in rat brain. AB - The effects of chronic administration of electroconvulsive shock and antidepressant drugs on rat brain serotonin-2 (5-HT2) receptors were investigated. Electroconvulsive shock increases the density and antidepressant drugs decrease the density of 5-HT2 receptors labelled by [3H]spiperone. PMID- 7250186 TI - The effect of noradrenaline on Na-K transport in rat cerebral cortical slices. PMID- 7250182 TI - The effects of a new anti-hypertensive agent (endralazin) upon the general and coronary haemodynamics of the anaesthetized dog. AB - The effects of a new anti-hypertensive drug (endralazin) was studied in the intact anesthetized dog; in a dose of 150 millimicron/kg intravenously, the drug increased heart rate, respiratory rate, cardiac output and coronary sinus flow. Systemic blood pressure fell 60 min after the injection. The drug decreased calculated peripheral, pulmonary, and coronary vascular resistance,, amd maintained calculated cardiac efficiency. It also increased blood glucose, non esterified fatty acid, lactate and pyruvate values, but did not influence cardiac usage of these substrates. There was evidence also of catecholamine release during the period of the study. PMID- 7250187 TI - Action of dextroamphetamine on dopamine sensitive cells in the snail brain. AB - Presynaptic and postsynaptic actions of dextroamphetamine (DEX) were studied on dopamine (DA) sensitive neurons of the subesophageal ganglion of the garden snail Helix aspersa utilizing standard microelectrode techniques. Dextroamphetamine (5.5 X 10(-7)-10(-4)M) produced effects on DA-sensitive neurons similar to that caused by DA (5.5 X 10(-7)-10(-4)M). On cells excited by DA, surfused DEX (5.5 X 10(-7)M) caused an excitation that could be blocked by chlorpromazine (0.5-1 X 10(-6)M) or haloperidol (0.5-1 X 10(-6)M). Elevating the extracellular Mg2+ from 4 to 20 mM reduced the depolarization caused by DEX from 11 to 2.5 mV without affecting the response to DA. The response remaining is attributed to a direct response to DEX on DA receptors. Surfused DEX caused an inhibition of cells inhibited by DA. Both DA and DEX effects were selectively blocked by dihydroergotamine (0.5-1 X 10(-6)M). Elevating the [Mg2+] decreased the hyperpolarization caused by DEX from 11 to 3 mV without affecting the DA response. The effect of elevated magnesium in decreasing responses to surfused DEX suggests that the primary action of DEX is at the nerve terminal to cause DA release. Iontophoretic application of DEX caused minimal excitation or inhibition of DA neurons. This is attributed to the fact that DA receptors at the site of drug application are not associated with synaptic innervation. The response obtained with iontophoretically applied DEX suggest a weak direct action on DA receptors. PMID- 7250188 TI - Effects of right stellate ganglion stimulation on regional myocardial blood flow and ischemic injury in dogs. AB - The effects of right stellate ganglion stimulation (RSGS) on regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) and epicardial ST-segment elevation were investigated in the normal and ischemic myocardium of anesthetized dogs. In the non-ischemic areas and despite the augmentation of cardiac work resulting from the increase in heart rate and in myocardial contractile force, RSGS induced no significant changes in RMBF or in the endo/epi ratio. However, after suppression by atenolol of its chronotropic and inotropic effects, RSGS significantly increased the calculated coronary resistance and reduced RMBF, and combined atenolol + phenoxybenzamine treatments abolished these effects. In the ischemic areas, RSGS had no effect on RMBF, endo/epi and I/NI ratios but increased ST-segment elevation, an effect abolished by atenolol. We conclude that (1) during RSGS, alpha-adrenoreceptor mediated coronary vasoconstriction contributes to oppose beta 1-myocardial stimulation effects on RMBF and endo/epi ratio, (2) further elevation of ST segment by RSGS is due to enhancement of oxygen requirements by beta 1 adrenoreceptor stimulation. PMID- 7250189 TI - Catecholaminergic involvement in the biphasic effect of ADATN on temperature in mice. AB - A prodrug of 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (ADHTN), 2-amino 6,7-diacetoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (ADATN), was tested for activation of central dopaminergic receptors as measured by colonic temperature in mice. Intraperitoneal injections of ADATN (200 and 800 mumol/kg) produced hypothermia; and intermediate dose (400 mumol/kg) caused hyperthermia followed by hypothermia. A similar biphasic effect occurred with the one dose of ADHTN (800 mumol/kg) tested. Pretreatments with catecholaminergic antagonists were used to characterize the biphasic effect of the intermediate dose of ADATN. The hyperthermic phase depended on the release of endogenous catecholamines which activated alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. The hypothermic phase was mediated by a direct activation of dopaminergic receptors. The results are discussed in terms of the pharmacodynamics of a prodrug, the actions of ADHTN, and the known effects of indirect- and direct-acting catecholaminergic agonists on temperature. The involvement of different catecholaminergic systems in the effects of ADATN may limit its usefulness as a dopaminergic prodrug. PMID- 7250190 TI - Pharmacological studies with several analogs of mazindol: correlation between effects on dopamine uptake and various in vivo responses. AB - Several structural analogs of mazindol were tested as inhibitors of the uptake of [3H] dopamine in rat neostriatum, of [3H] norepinephrine in rat occipital cortex and of [3H] serotonin in whole rat brain. A rather wide range of potencies was observed but a number of the drugs were even more potent than mazindol as uptake inhibitors. All of the drugs studied were weak releasing agents for previously accumulated [3H]amines. Several of the drugs caused large increases in motor activity in normal mice but not in reserpinized mice. However, these same drugs were able to prevent amphetamine-induced increases in activity in reserpinized mice, and were able to induce ipsilateral circling in rats with a unilateral 6 hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway. Two of these same drugs were tested and found to be potent inhibitors of prolactin secretion. Correlations will be made between the capacities of the drugs to inhibit dopamine uptake and the in vivo responses mentioned above. PMID- 7250192 TI - Kainic acid lesions dissociate [3H] spiperone and [3H]cis-flupenthixol binding sites in rat striatum. AB - The effects of striatal kainic acid lesions on [3H] cis-flupenthixol ([3H]FPT) and [3H]spiperone (3H-SPIP) binding to dopamine (DA) receptors in control and lesioned striata were examined. Significant reductions in both binding parameters were observed, [3H] FPT binding was depleted to a greater extent than [3H] SPIP binding. Reductions in both [3H] FPT and [3H] SPIP binding were significantly correlated with reductions in glutamic acid decarboxylase activity. After complete loss of GAD activity, 30-40% of [3H] SPIP binding sites remained in the lesioned striata, whereas all [3H] FPT binding sites were destroyed. The results are discussed in relation to the presence of distinct types of DA receptors in rat striatum, and ligand binding to these receptors. PMID- 7250191 TI - Brain contribution to the haloperidol-induced increase in plasma homovanillic acid. AB - Haloperidol increases the plasma concentration of the dopamine (DA) metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA). Since a substantial proportion of plasma HVA originates outside the brain, this effect could be due to a combination of both peripheral and central actions of haloperidol. In order to evaluate the relative contribution of central versus peripheral effects of haloperidol on plasma HVA, the effect of pretreatment with a peripheral monoamine oxidase inhibitor, debrisoquin, on the plasma HVA response to haloperidol was examined. In addition, the effect of haloperidol on plasma HVA was compared with that of domperidone, a peripheral DA receptor blocking agent. Debrisoquin pretreatment did not alter the haloperidol-induced increase in plasma HVA and domperidone had no effect on plasma HVA. Thus, the haloperidol effect on plasma HVA did not appear to be due to increased peripheral HVA production or blockade of peripheral DA receptor sites. It is concluded that the haloperidol-induced increase in plasma HVA is due largely or exclusively to the drug's action on the brain. PMID- 7250195 TI - Syndyphalin, an enkephalin-like peptide with prolonged subcutaneous analgesic activity. PMID- 7250194 TI - Supersensitivity of nigral serotonin receptors and rat rotational behaviour. AB - Direct injections of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) into the corpus striatum (CS) and substantia nigra (SN) after unilateral 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), resulted in a significant dose related contralateral turning behaviour in SN-injected but not in CS-injected animals. Receptor binding studies in these animals revealed a 3 fold increase in [3H]5-HT binding sites (Bmax) and a similar increase in affinity constant (KD) in the SN from the lesioned side when compared with the unlesioned side. There was no change in binding characteristics in the CS of DRN-lesioned animals. The data presented would confirm our previous findings that nigral 5-HT receptors become supersensitive after denervation of the DRN-SN pathway. PMID- 7250193 TI - Increases and decreases in local cerebral glucose utilization in response to GABA agonists. AB - The effects of systemic administration of muscimol and THIP on local cerebral glucose (LCGU) were examined in unanesthetized rats. LCGU was calculated by the [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose procedure of Sokoloff et al. GABA agonists produced dose dependent decreases in LCGU of most brain regions assayed. Some regions showed no effects, whereas the red nucleus showed an increase. The pattern of LCGU response to GABA agonists did not reflect the known distribution of GABA receptors in the rat brain. PMID- 7250196 TI - Hyoscine-resistant peristalsis in guinea-pig ileum. AB - The effect of hyoscine on the peristaltic activity of the proximal and distal ileum of the guinea-pig was studied. Hyoscine strongly impaired peristalsis as indicated by the elevation of the threshold pressure and by the increased number of incomplete peristalses and blockades. Functional activity of the circular musculature was more markedly impaired. However, particularly in the distal ileum, complete peristalses occurred even after 70 min exposure to hyoscine at a concentration of 10(-6) g/ml. A tenfold increase in hyoscine concentration failed to produce further impairment of peristaltic activity and of the oral reflex contraction. The activity which remained in the presence of hyoscine was blocked by methysergide and by d-tubocurarine. The hypothesis is advanced that once the muscarinic receptors have been blocked, increased radial stretch of the circular coat results in activation of a separate, tetrodotoxin sensitive, excitatory nervous pathway, which is sufficient to maintain a discrete degree of peristaltic activity. PMID- 7250198 TI - Involvement of noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons in shock-induced jumping in rats. AB - The role of central noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons in shock-induced jumping behavior in the rat was examined using specific stimulants and blockers of the respective receptors. The administration of the alpha-noradrenergic receptor stimulant, clonidine, increased jumping frequency (10-100 micrograms/kg) and reduced latency (100-500 micrograms/kg). The effects of clonidine were counteracted by the postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptive blocking agent, phenoxybenzamine (20 mg/kg). The dopaminergic receptor stimulant, apomorphine (0.1-5.0 mg/kg), did not increase jumping frequency, but prolonged jumping latency. On the other hand, combined administration of clonidine (30, 500 micrograms/kg) and apomorphine (2 mg/kg) increased jumping behavior more remarkably than did clonidine alone. The blockers of postsynaptic alpha noradrenergic and dopaminergic receptors, phenoxybenzamine (20 mg/kg) and pimozide (2 mg/kg) respectively, had little effect on jumping when used alone, but each drug counteracted the enhanced jumping response caused by clonidine plus apomorphine. Combined administration of phenoxybenzamine and pimozide depressed jumping. These data suggest that excitation of dopaminergic neurons exerts a positive modulating effect on the noradrenaline-mediated jumping behavior induced by foot-shock. PMID- 7250197 TI - Extended mepyramine treatment and histamine H1-receptors in guinea-pig brain. AB - Treatment of guinea-pigs for 24 days with a single daily dose of mepyramine, 5 mg/kg i.p. had no consistent significant effect on the number of histamine H1 receptors, determined from the promethazine-sensitive binding of [3H]mepyramine, in cerebellum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus or intestinal smooth muscle. Measurement of the time course of the block of H1-mediated blood pressure responses in conscious guinea pigs following a single i.p. injection of mepyramine, 5 mg/kg, suggested that some degree of block persisted for up to 16 h. Treatment of guinea pigs with two daily doses of 5 mg mepyramine/kg, i.p., for 10 days had no consistent effect on the KD or capacity of promethazine-sensitive [3H]mepyramine binding to cerebellum or hypothalamus. PMID- 7250199 TI - Stimulation of synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylation by phencyclidine in vitro. AB - Phencyclidine (PCP), a potent psychoactive drug, produces some animal behaviors that are believed to be mediated by dopaminergic and/or cholinergic neurons in the basal ganglia. In this study, we have monitored the effects of PCP in vitro on the synthesis, uptake, and release of dopamine (DA) in rat striatal synaptosomes. Using tyrosine hydroxylation as an index of DA synthesis, we observed a concentration-dependent stimulation of DA synthesis by PCP. The stimulatory effect was antagonized by reserpine (1 micro M) and was observed only when synaptosomes were preincubated under conditions which prevented the spontaneous release of [3H]DA. Two hydroxylated metabolites of PCP were also tested and found to have little effect on tyrosine hydroxylation. Like PCP these metabolites are potent inhibitors of synaptosomal [3H]DA uptake, but they apparently lack PCP's ability to release synaptosomal DA. Taken together, these results support our hypothesis that PCP stimulates synaptosomal DA synthesis by releasing DA from an inhibitory pool. PMID- 7250200 TI - Thermoregulatory mechanisms and ethanol hypothermia. AB - The mechanisms underlying the hypothermic effect of ethanol have been investigated in rats. At an ambient temperature of 26 degrees C, at which tail skin blood flow will normally be expected to play a role in regulating core temperature, no change in tail cutaneous temperature occurred during the period in which the core temperature was falling after administration of ethanol. As the drug effect waned tail skin temperature fell below the initial temperature as the hypothermia was corrected. This last observation confirms earlier results indicating a shift in the thermoregulatory set point after administration of ethanol. There was no significant change in oxygen consumption related to the ethanol induced fall in core temperature so decreased heat production would not appear to be a factor in the thermal imbalance. Neither was there any change in respiratory rate or minute volume to account for an increase in convective or evaporative heat loss via the lungs. From these results it is not clear by what mechanism the ethanol induced lowering of the set point leads to a fall in core temperature. Other avenues of heat loss, for example from other cutaneous surfaces, and further detailed thermal balance studies will be needed to resolve this problem. PMID- 7250202 TI - The cardiovascular effects of propranolol in adrenalectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats and the opposing influence of rauwolscine. AB - In conscious adrenalectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) propranolol (5 mg/kg s.c.) induced an acute and profound decrease in blood pressure and heart rate, the maximum effect occurring 15-30 min after propranolol administration. The decrease was associated with a fall in cardiac output. Rauwolscine pretreatment abolished the propranolol-induced hypotension but not the bradycardia. The fall in cardiac output was significantly reduced. These results suggest that in adrenalectomized SHR the hypotensive effect of propranolol is due to the modulation of catecholamine release from nerve terminals. PMID- 7250201 TI - Antagonism of L-glycine to seizures induced by L-kynurenine, quinolinic acid and strychnine in mice. AB - L-glycine (1-12.5 micrograms, intracerebroventricularly, i.c.v.) completely prevented seizures induced by i.c.v. administration of L-kynurenine, and practically did not modify those induced by another convulsant quinolinic acid, a metabolite of tryptophan, and by strychnine. L-Glycine administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) (1000 mg/kg) decreased lethality after K-kynurenine and quinolinic acid; at doses of 3000 and 4000 mg/kg which are sedative and hypothermic it prolonged the latency of strychnine and L-kynurenine seizures. The convulsant action of pentylenetetrazol was not modified. Kynurenine seizures are suggested to be related to the action of kynurenine on glycine receptors in the central nervous system. PMID- 7250203 TI - Histamine H1- and H2-receptors in the mesenteric vascular bed of the pig. AB - In order to study whether both histamine H1- and H2-receptors are present in the pig mesenteric vascular bed, natural histamine, 2-(2-pyridyl) ethylamine and 4 methylhistamine, as well as mepyramine and metiamide, were infused directly into the superior mesenteric artery. The results indicate that histamine H1- and H2 receptors, both inducing vasodilation, are present in the mesenteric circulation of the pig. Jejunal motility proved to be influenced by H1-receptor stimulation only. PMID- 7250204 TI - Histamine H1- and H2-receptors in the gastric vasculature of the rabbit. AB - The histamine receptors in the rabbit blood perfused gastric vasculature were analysed pharmacologically. Histamine elicited a monophasic increase in perfusion pressure which was antagonized by mepyramine and enhanced by metiamide. The maximum observed response was enhanced by metiamide to that produced by a specific H1-receptor agonist. It is concluded that the gastric vasculature responds to histamine with an H1-receptor mediated vasoconstriction and an H2 receptor mediated dilatation. In this preparation the H1-effect predominates in response to injection of histamine. PMID- 7250205 TI - AQ-A 39 (5,6-dimethoxy-2-[3[[alpha-(3,4-dimethoxy) phenylethyl]methylamino]propyl]phtalimidine), a specific bradycardic agent with direct action on the heart. AB - In isolated guinea-pig atria AQ-A 39 (5,6-dimethoxy-2[3[[alpha-(3,4-dimethoxy) phenylethyl]methylamino]propyl]phtalimidine) decreased the rate of spontaneously beating preparations, the contraction amplitude and maximal driving frequency of electrically driven preparations. However, the concentrations which reduced the parameters by 30% were different: 1.4 microgram/ml, 110 microgram/ml and 19 microgram/ml respectively. The bradycardic action was not affected by atropine (0.05 microgram/ml). In the ECG of anaesthetized cats (0.1-10 mg/kg i.v.) the prominent effect of AQ-A 39 was the increase in heart period (PP') and QT in contrast to the chemically related verapamil which mainly increased PQ. Blood pressure and ejection time were slightly affected whereas the diastolic period was markedly prolonged (5 mg/kg i.v.). The 'triple product' of heart rate X ejection time X blood pressure was decreased by AQ-A 39. In cats with acute occlusion of a coronary artery branch, AQ-A 39 diminished the elevation of the ST segment of the epicardial electrogram. AQ-A 39 decreased the heart rate in conscious dogs (5 mg/kg i.v.), provided the initial heart rate was higher than approximately 130 beats/min, but increased the heart rate when the initial rates were lower. The drug revealed an anticholinergic effect by antagonising the bradycardic action of carbachol on isolated atria from guinea pigs. The prevalent effect on heart rate differentiated AQ-A 39 from other drugs with direct action on the heart such as antiarrhythmics, the so-called 'calcium antagonists' and cholinergic drugs. The profile resembled that of alinidine (St 567) and indicated a decrease in myocardial oxygen demand. PMID- 7250207 TI - Deglycyrrhizinised liquorice (DGL) and the renewal of rat stomach epithelium. AB - Deglycyrrhizinised liquorice (DGL) stimulated proliferation in the forestomach of the rat but did not stimulate and possibly even inhibited proliferation in the glandular part. DGL increased the number of fundus glands in which labelled mucus secreting cells occur as well as the total number of labelled mucus cells per gland. The mechanism of action proposed for DGL is that DGL stimulates and/or accelerates the differentiation to glandular cells as well as mucus formation and secretion. The accelerated proliferation observed in the forestomach is ascribed to an improved environment in the stomach as a consequence of the enhanced mucus secretion under the influence of DGL. PMID- 7250206 TI - In vitro and in vivo activities of anticholinergics on the cholinoceptors of the cardiac pacemaker cells. AB - The tachycardia-inducing effects of atropine, N-methylscopolammonium and N butylscopolammonium were studied in the conscious dog, both in the presence and absence of sympathetic innervation. These effects were compared with the anticholinergic effects of the drugs on the muscarinic cholinoceptors of guinea pig isolated atria. The order of potency for inhibition of the effects of acetylcholine on the isolated atria was N-methylscopolammonium greater than atropine greater than N-butylscopolammonium. This order was the same for the tachycardia-inducing potencies. Maximal tachycardia with these three drugs was less marked in the absence of sympathetic innervation than in its presence. However, the doses of atropine and of N-butylscopolammonium required to block the effects of vagal influence were greater. Sympathectomy had no effect on the vagolytic potency of N-methylscopolammonium. In the case of atropine and N-methyl scopolammonium there was good correlation between anticholinergic and tachycardia inducing potencies. The tachycardiac effects of these compounds can be explained by their anticholinergic effect. The tachycardia-inducing potency of N butylscopolammonium was greater than its anticholinergic potency. PMID- 7250208 TI - Tubular secretion and effects of tienilic acid in the hen. AB - The relationship between renal tubular secretion of the uricosuric diuretic tienilic acid (10 or 30 microgram/kg per min) and its saluretic effects was determined using a modified Sperber technique. A true tubular excretion fraction (TTEF) or 29.9 +/- 4.1% (mean +/- S.D.) was found for tienilic acid, a value significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced by novobiocin to 3.3 +/- 2.8%. This demonstrates active tubular secretion of the diuretic by an organic anion transport system in the hen kidney. Infusion of the diuretic into one leg vein caused a marked ipsilateral excess excretion of chloride, sodium and potassium; these effects were significantly reduced by novobiocin. Thus, in the hen a significant part of the saluretic effect of tienilic acid depends on the active secretion of the drug by tubular cells, as has previously been found for three loop diuretics i.e. ethacrynic acid, furosemide and piretanide. In analogy with these, it is suggested that the saluretic effect of tienilic acid is evoked mainly from the luminal side of the avian nephron. At an infusion rate of 20 microgram/kg per min of tienilic acid, a marked saluresis occurred; there was, however, no effect on the urinary urate excretion. PMID- 7250209 TI - Papaverine-insensitive and papaverine-sensitive drug-induced contractions of chick smooth muscle. AB - The mechanisms by which acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenaline (NA) induce muscle contraction were examined in the chick expansor secundariorum muscle in early life, because responsiveness to ACh disappeared and responsiveness to NA persisted during development. ACh-induced contractions decreased with lowered temperature, while NA-induced contractions increased between 30 and 20 degrees C. Papaverine depressed and antagonized NA-induced contractions, but did not depress ACh-induced contractions. The second application of ACh in Ca2+-free solution produced a negligible contraction. In contrast, even the third application of NA in Ca2+-free solution still evoked a contraction of more than 50% of the response in normal solution. These results suggest that the pathway from cholinergic receptor activation to contraction is mainly mediated through a papaverine insensitive and external Ca2+-dependent process, whereas the pathway from adrenergic receptor activation to contraction is mainly mediated through a papaverine-sensitive and external Ca2+-independent process. PMID- 7250210 TI - Cholinergic modulation of separation distress in the domestic chick. AB - The effects of nicotine, carbachol, hexamethonium and scopolamine were investigated on distress vocalizations (DBs) of acutely isolated domestic chicks. Nicotine attenuated, while the antimuscarinic scopolamine increased the frequency of separation-induced DVs. Furthermore, the stress attenuating effects of nicotine were blocked by pretreatment with scopolamine. These results implicate muscarinic receptor participation in the control of separation-induced distress, and support the suggestion that nicotine-induced DV suppression may result from activation of behaviorally relevant muscarinic receptors via central release of acetylcholine. PMID- 7250211 TI - Different rates of restoration of the repair capacity in complementing xeroderma pigmentosum cells after fusion. PMID- 7250212 TI - The origin of variability in cell cycle durations of NHIK 3025 cells. PMID- 7250213 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the G-banded human karyotype. PMID- 7250214 TI - Direct synchronization of cells from solid tumors by centrifugal elutriation. PMID- 7250215 TI - Fibronectin-mediated cellular adhesion to vascular subendothelial matrices. PMID- 7250216 TI - Glucose metabolite patterns as markers of functional differentiation in freshly isolated and cultured mouse mammary epithelial cells. PMID- 7250219 TI - GTP-dependent fusion of outer nuclear membranes in vitro. PMID- 7250217 TI - Leucine inhibition of autophagic vacuole formation in isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7250218 TI - Effect of growth temperature on the formation of sister-chromatid exchanges in BrdUrd-substituted chromosomes. PMID- 7250221 TI - Prostaglandin and an increased sensitivity of the sympathetically denervated rabbit eye to laser-induced irritation of the iris. PMID- 7250222 TI - Carrier mediated transport of choline in rat lens. PMID- 7250223 TI - Collagen composition and turnover in ocular tissues of the rabbit. PMID- 7250224 TI - The rates of photodestruction of tryptophan residues in human and bovine ocular lens proteins. PMID- 7250225 TI - Proteins of the bovine interphotoreceptor matrix: tissues of origin. PMID- 7250226 TI - Effect of taurine on 45CA transport in frog retinal rod outer segments. PMID- 7250220 TI - Ionic and water transference numbers of Descemet's membrane of the bovine cornea. PMID- 7250229 TI - Low-energy laser trabeculotomies in primates. PMID- 7250228 TI - Taurine in ocular tissues of vertebrate species. PMID- 7250227 TI - The presence of components related to the main intrinsic polypeptide (MIP) of chick lens membrane. PMID- 7250232 TI - Effect of total iridectomy on outflow facility responses to adrenergic drugs in cynomolgus monkeys. PMID- 7250230 TI - Proteins of vertebrate rod outer segments: a possible role for multiple forms of rhodopsin. PMID- 7250233 TI - Ultrastructure of age changes in the basal infoldings of aged mouse retinal pigment epithelium. PMID- 7250231 TI - Phagocytosis by retinal pigment epithelium explants in culture. PMID- 7250235 TI - Replication of total and mitochondrial DNA in rat liver with aging. PMID- 7250234 TI - Photic retinopathy in the dog. PMID- 7250236 TI - Early appearance and rate of lipofuscin pigment accumulation in human myocardium. PMID- 7250237 TI - Effect of temperature and different sex ratios on physical activity and life span in the adult housefly, Musca domestica. PMID- 7250238 TI - Effect of varied diet, restricted feeding and starvation on the characteristics of collagen of young garden lizards. PMID- 7250240 TI - Post-anoxic recovery of myocardial performance in senescent mice. PMID- 7250241 TI - A practical preservation method for human diploid fibroblasts in aging research. PMID- 7250239 TI - Aging of membrane transport mechanisms in the central nervous system--2-deoxy-D glucose transport in cortical synaptosomes from the Long-Evans rat. PMID- 7250242 TI - Effects of oestradiol-17 beta and 2-hydroxy-oestradiol-17 beta on LH concentration in plasma and COMT activities in hypothalamic nuclei of rats. PMID- 7250243 TI - Gonadal steroids and the control of gonadal function in seasonally breeding species. PMID- 7250244 TI - Influence of estradiol and other gonadal steroids on central effects of lisuride and comparable ergot derivatives. PMID- 7250245 TI - Estrogen facilitation of lordosis behavior in the female rat. PMID- 7250246 TI - Sex hormone dependent brain differentiation and sexual behavior. PMID- 7250248 TI - Estradiol concentration in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase containing neurons of lower brain stem demonstrated by combined autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. PMID- 7250249 TI - Effects of gonadal steroids on EEG and performance in the human. PMID- 7250247 TI - Critical evaluation of the current concept of brain differentiation - relevance for the primate brain. PMID- 7250250 TI - Intracellular actions of gonadal steroids. PMID- 7250251 TI - Electrophysiology of olfacto-limbic-hypothalamic connections in the pig. AB - To analyse fibre connections between the olfactory bulb (OB) and limbic hypothalamic structures, the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) was stimulated electrically and extracellular action potentials were recorded from single units in the OB, the cortico-medial portion of the amygdala (AMY) and the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). More than 29% of the antidromically identified mitral cells in the OB showed a spontaneous episodic firing pattern consisting of alternating periods of activity and inactivity. Nearly 14% of the orthodromically excited non mitral cells showed the same phasic firing pattern. 2.9% of AMY neurons were antidromically activated by LOT stimulation, whereas more than 52% showed orthodromic responses. In contrast to the AMY no neuron in the MBH could be antidromically invaded by electrical stimulation. The incidence of orthodromic responses was much less in the MBH when compared to the AMY (13.5%). It is concluded that the firing pattern of OB cells in the pig is complex, often phasic and unrelated to respiration or sniffing. The main OB is more closely related to the AMY than to the MBH. It is suggested that olfactory information is probably transmitted to the MBH via the AMY. The AMY may play a role in the regulation of OB activity. PMID- 7250252 TI - Effects of corticospinal lesions upon treadmill locomotion by cats. AB - We studied the pattern of stepping in cats, before and after the placement of lesions in the corticospinal system. We found a deficit after the lesions, which was characterized by increased extension of the involved hindlimbs during the stance (E2--E3) phase of the step cycle. This deficit lasted two weeks or less. It may reflect loss of inhibitory influences upon extensor motoneuron pools. PMID- 7250253 TI - Discharge pattern differences between cat interpositus and dentate neurons during isometric lever pressing. AB - Single-cell recordings in the cat during isometric muscle contraction with stepwise force development revealed that interpositus neurons tended to fire tonically with a maintained force level, whereas dentate neurons tended to fire rather phasically according to the rate of force transition. PMID- 7250255 TI - Insensitivity of peripheral vision to spatial phase. AB - Tolhurst (1973) had suggested that movement-sensitive mechanisms were the human analogues of transient (Y) neurones in the cat (Enroth-Cugell and Robson 1966) and monkey (Gouras 1968) visual system. We challenged this view in a previous study (Rentschler et al. 1981): in strabismic amblyopia the detection of apparent movement of counterphased gratings is impaired considerably more than pattern detection, whereas no such anomaly is found when the sensitivity to temporal transients is tested. This would imply that with a grating target the detection of lateral movement and of transients is not mediated by the same class of mechanisms. Moreover, we have shown that normal peripheral vision suffers qualitatively from the same kind of movement insensitivity as the amblyopic eye. In this study, we have used a wider range of stimulus parameters to seek more definite evidence. PMID- 7250254 TI - Sleep is not a prerequisite for the milk ejection reflex in the pig. AB - Electroencephalographic and electromyographic activities were recorded together with variations in intramammary pressure in unanaesthetized lactating sows during suckling. During each suckling period, milk ejection resulted in a sudden and brief rise in intramammary pressure. From the onset of suckling to the beginning of milk ejection, polygraphic recordings as well as observations of behaviour revealed that the sow was invariably in a state of arousal. This suggests that, unlike what has been proposed for the rat, sleep is not a necessary component of the milk ejection reflex in the pig. PMID- 7250256 TI - Two firing patterns in the discharge of complex cells encoding different attributes of the visual stimulus. AB - The activity of complex neurones of area 17 was recorded in anaesthetized cats in response to sinusoidal drifting gratings of various orientations, spatial frequencies and contrasts. The responses of complex cells present two different firing patterns: spikes organized in clusters and spikes which do not show this organization ("isolated spikes"). The clustered component is the only one in the complex cell discharge which is tuned for spatial frequency and orientation, while the isolated spike component is correlated with the contrast of the stimulus. PMID- 7250257 TI - Abnormal responses of retinal ganglion cells in Siamese cats to moving stimuli. AB - The responses of X and Y-Type retinal ganglion cells in Siamese cats to moving slits were compared to those in common cats, in order to assess the center/surround interactions in Siamese cat receptive fields. Responses in the latter animal were quantitatively lower than those in common cats, the RF centers were larger, and the encounter rate for Y-type optic tract fibers was significantly lower than in common cats. Whereas response enhancement of common cat units was predictable following masking of the surround, such an effect could only be observed in Siamese cats when the contrast between the stimulus and background was increased considerably. These data suggest anomalous center/surround interactions in Siamese cats, probably due to the presence of weaker surround influences in that animal. PMID- 7250258 TI - Critical flicker fusion in Siamese cats. AB - Critical flicker fusion was determined over a wide luminance range for six Siamese and four normal cats. The Siamese cats had the lowest CFF at all luminance levels when compared to normal and binocularly deprived (BD) cats. The Siamese cat's inferior temporal resolution is most likely due to their profound y cell loss because (1) CFF is proportional to y-cell population across normal, BD, and Siamese cats; and (2) unlike BD cats, the visual cortex of Siamese cats is comparatively normal. The implication of this finding for the CFF of dark-reared cats and normal cats viewing a stimulus which does not stimulate y-cell is discussed. PMID- 7250259 TI - Stimulus versus eye movements: comparison of neural activity in the striate and prelunate visual cortex (A17 and A19) of trained rhesus monkey. AB - Visual responses were recorded from single cells in the parafoveal striate (A17) and prelunate (A19) cortex of awake rhesus monkeys while they were fixating a stationary or moving spot of light in the presence of a moving or stationary stimulus. Retinotopy and stimulus requirements were found to be less strict in A19 as compared to A17. Striate cells preferred slow stimulus movements and displayed a large amount of binocular interaction. Many prelunate cells responded well to fast stimulus movements, all were binocular but only a few showed binocular interaction. In both areas an overall deficit of visual responses during saccadic eye movements was observed which was mostly due to the cells' inability to respond to stimuli moving at saccadic velocities. Only in A19 were there cells which seemed to receive non-sensory signals reducing visual responses during rapid eye movements. We concluded that the prelunate cortex has access to input which does not use the geniculate-striate pathway. The additional observation of presaccadic activation of some cells supports the idea that activity in the prelunate cortex may be associated with events related to visually guided changes of the direction of gaze and/or attention. PMID- 7250260 TI - Interactions between temperature regulation and emotional arousal in the rabbit. AB - In our study we examined, in the rabbit, the interactions between temperature regulation and the state of increased vigilance and emotional arousal induced by a Classical Aversive Conditioning Procedure. A Delay Conditioning Procedure was used. The Conditioned Stimulus (CS) was a 1350 Hz, 85 dB tone, the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) a 1 mA, 0.5 s shock. Testing sessions were run at different ambient temperatures from 5 to 30 degrees C. At all ambient temperatures considered the CS induced desynchronisation of the EEG and stereotyped changes in all the autonomic variables studied. Hypothalamic temperature (Thy) first increased, then decreased below its initial value, whereas ear skin temperature (Ts) showed opposite changes. Respiratory frequency (RF) initially increased, then tended to revert to its original value. The average time course of this complex pattern was 300 s from the CS. The overall effect of the CS sequence in a session was a significant decrease in Thy and Ts and a significant increase in RF compared to control values at the beginning of the session. Both in the short (single trial) and long terms (whole session) the autonomic responses induced by the emotional stress (polypnoea and vasoconstriction) were not coherent from the point of view of thermoregulation. The hypothesis of an effect of emotional arousal in shifting set point temperatures can therefore be discarded in favour of a direct action of emotional stress on effector controllers for respiration and vasomotion. PMID- 7250262 TI - Grating detection and visual acuity after lesions of striate cortex in hooded rats. AB - The ability of rats to detect high-contrast square-wave gratings over a range of spatial frequencies was measured before and after ablation of striate cortex. The animals relearnt to detect low-frequency gratings very quickly after operation, and their acuity was reduced from 1.0 c/deg to about 0.7 c/deg. These effects were in striking contrast to those produced by larger posterior cortical ablations, which included both striate and prestriate cortex (Dean 1978); after the larger lesions, rats required many weeks of retraining to detect even low frequency gratings and their acuity was reduced to 0.3 c/deg. The difference in the effects of the two lesions suggested that the rats with striate ablation were using information about spatial contrast that was relayed either by spared remnants of the geniculo-cortical pathway, or by the pathway from superior colliculus to prestriate cortex via the lateral posterior nucleus. To try and distinguish between these possibilities, the destriate rats were given a further lesion of the superior colliculus. This second lesion severely disrupted contrast detection: the animals made about as many errors as rats with large posterior cortical removal in relearning to detect a low-frequency grating, which is about 20 to 30 times as many as after either striate cortex or superior colliculus lesions alone. This result suggests that rats, like other mammals, can use spatial information conveyed in the tectocortical path when striate cortex has been destroyed. PMID- 7250261 TI - Intracerebral influences on the microstructure of receptive fields of cat visual cortex. AB - Effects of electrical stimulation of the basal ganglia (caudate nucleus and putamen) and cortex (gyrus proreus and compositus) on the receptive fields and response properties of units in the visual cortex of cats were assessed using single lines, double lines and multiple lines (gratings). In the single line experiment caudate stimulation, significantly increased the spontaneous activity, optimal firing rate and receptive field size of visual cortex neurons whereas putamen stimulation decreased these parameters. Stimulation of gyrus proreus enhanced, while that of gyrus compositus diminished optimal firing rate without affecting spontaneous activity; in addition, stimulation of ipsilateral proreus and compositus increased the receptive field size whereas their contralateral homologues decreased it. In the double line experiment, proreus and caudate stimulation increased the magnitude of the facilitatory effect of progressive separation of the lines over certain ranges whereas compositus and putamen stimulation increased the inhibitory influences. Orientation selectivity and spatial frequency tuning characteristics were unaffected by the electrical stimulation of any of the four sites. Thus three categories of network properties were delineated: those characterized by remaining invariant to any cerebral stimulation; those characterized by overall activation as by basal ganglia stimulation; and those characterized as interactive which were responsive especially to cortical stimulation. PMID- 7250264 TI - Further evidence that the Golgi tendon organ monitors the activity of a discrete set of motor units within a muscle. PMID- 7250263 TI - Moving background patterns reveal double-opponency of directionally specific pigeon tectal neurons. AB - The experiments reported in this paper were carried out to determine the effect moving background patterns have on the response characteristics of directionally specific neurons in the pigeon optic tectum. First, care was taken to select the optimal single stimulus for each cell, then large textured patterns were added to the test stimulus and moved either "in-phase" or "anti-phase". Altogether 214 cells were studied in 77 white Carneaux pigeons and it was found that all cells below a depth of 400 microns were inhibited by backgrounds moved "in-phase" with the optimal test stimulus, while few cells above this level were affected in any way by backgrounds. All directions of background motion containing an "in-phase" vector resulted in rather profound inhibition of the directional response while directions with an "anti-phase" vector produced less inhibition and sometimes were even facilitated by direct "anti-phase". The velocity tuning curves obtained with an optimal single test stimulus and by "anti-phase" movement of backgrounds were essentially similar. "In-phase" inhibition can also be produced by a second spot stimulus located some distance from the test stimulus. This latter effect was used to map the outer margins of the inhibitory receptive fields of deep tectal neurons displaying these effects and it was found they were extremely large, often in excess of 100 degrees in diameter. When masks were used to prevent the moving background from stimulating the excitatory receptive field "anti-phase" movement always produced facilitation. This suggests a double opponent-process directionally specific receptive field organization. These neurons seem well suited to respond to local (object) motion and to ignore translation of the visual image arising from body, head and eye movements. PMID- 7250265 TI - Myelination and remyelination in the regenerating visual system of the goldfish. AB - The remyelination of regenerated optic axons was investigated in goldfish following either optic nerve crush or ouabain retinal intoxication. Axons grown after nerve crushing acquire thinner myelin sheaths than axons originating from reconstituted ganglion cells. If axons of reconstituted ganglion cells are crushed and allowed to regenerate, the subsequent myelination is weaker than that of control axons not interrupted by crushing, but stronger than that of axons of preexisting retinal ganglion cells. The present results suggest that a neuron is capable of inducing a normally developed myelin sheath when its axon contacts an oligodendrocyte the first time, whereas a neuron whose axon contacts an oligodendrocyte and the second time is not capable of forming a normal myelin sheath in the adult animal. The present results also support the notion that the oligodendrocyte requires a neuronal signal for myelin sheath formation. PMID- 7250266 TI - Behavioral correlates of focal hippocampal x-irradiation in rats II. Behavior related to adaptive function in a natural setting. AB - Prior investigations have shown the effects of hippocampal degranulation on behaviors such as two-way avoidance, open-field behavior, and operant schedules of reinforcement. Little, however, has been done with behaviors related to adaptive function in a natural setting; the present study has addressed this issue. Long-Evans hooded rats, subjected to focal neonatal X-irradiation of the hippocampus, were tested in passive avoidance and four dominance situations. The experimental animals, which had approximately a 70% reduction in the granule cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, showed response perseveration in the passive avoidance task and were generally non-competitive in the dominance situations when compared to non-irradiated control animals. The single exception to this was noted in the test where an experimental rat and control animal were competing for a receptive female rat. Here the degranulated animals were strikingly superior to the control subjects with many more successful mounts. Some support for the response suppression model of hippocampal functioning was noted. PMID- 7250268 TI - The morphological correlates of X- and Y-like retinal ganglion cells in the retina of monkeys. AB - The morphology of the ganglion cells of the monkey's retina was revealed by filling the cells with horseradish peroxidase from their cut axons in the optic nerve. This procedure gave much more consistent results than the Golgi method, was much quicker and filled dendrites just as extensively. Quantitative measures of the dendritic tree of two types of ganglion cell, P alpha and P beta, suggest that they correspond to the physiologically defined Y- and X-cells, respectively. PMID- 7250269 TI - Oculomotor changes in cats reared without experiencing continuous retinal image motion. AB - Eye movements recorded with the magnetic-field search coil technique from six cats raised in an 8 Hz stroboscopically illuminated environment were found to be normal with the exception of fixation and optokinetic nystagmus. Fixation eye movements were characterized by a 4-5 Hz conjugate pendular nystagmus superimposed on a wandering drift. Optokinetic nystagmus was very asymmetrical on monocular tests. Depriving the oculomotor system of experience differentially effects fixation and smooth pursuit. PMID- 7250270 TI - Effects of tenotomy on muscles reinnervated by a foreign nerve. PMID- 7250267 TI - Oxytocin release from isolated posterior pituitary lobes of adult male rats as determined by radioimmunoassay. AB - In vitro oxytocin (OXT) release from isolated posterior pituitary lobes (PPL) of adult male Wistar rats was measured under basal and K+- stimulated conditions using a specific, sensitive radioimmunoassay. A basal release of 0.95 +/- 0.20 ng OXT/lobe/10 min was estimated in standard Locke's bathing solution. An excess of K+ (56 mmol/l) augmented the OXT secretion to 18.1 +/- 2.24 ng OXT/lobe/10 min in the presence of 2.2 mmol/Ca++. A stimulatory effect of K+ excess was also determined in Ca++-free medium and in Ca++ free medium enriched with 0.7 mmol/l EGTA. An inhibitory effect on K+-stimulated OXT release was achieved by raising the Mg++ concentration from 1.0-8.0 mmol/l of bathing fluid. During prolonged K+ stimulation the rate of OXT release declined exponentially. Estimation of the OXT content of PPLs after prolonged stimulation with K+ excess revealed that the lobes still contained 80% of their original OXT content. PMID- 7250271 TI - Development of ultradian periodicity and coalescence at 1 cycle per hour in electroencephalographic activity. PMID- 7250272 TI - Enhanced functional ability in drug-treated dystrophic chickens: trial results with indomethacin, diphenylhydantoin, and prednisolone. PMID- 7250273 TI - An input-output analysis of the dorsal column nuclei. PMID- 7250276 TI - Afferent innervation of the rat incisor pulp. PMID- 7250275 TI - The roles of disuse and loss of neurotrophic function in denervation atrophy of skeletal muscle. PMID- 7250277 TI - Kindling with low-frequency stimulation: generality, transfer, and recruiting effects. PMID- 7250274 TI - Neuronal deficits after neonatal exposure to phenobarbital. PMID- 7250278 TI - Effects of sensory inputs on the excitability of the crossed extension reflex. PMID- 7250279 TI - Development of brain capillaries in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. PMID- 7250280 TI - Intracellular translocation of newly synthesized myelin proteins in the rat brain stem slices. PMID- 7250281 TI - Rate of tension development in isometric contractions of a human hand muscle. PMID- 7250282 TI - Quantitative analysis of the dendritic branching pattern of granule cells from adult rat dentate gyrus. PMID- 7250284 TI - Antagonizing effects of haloperidol and bicuculline on inhibition of neurons of the substantia nigra, pars compacta. PMID- 7250283 TI - Naloxone reversal of acupuncture analgesia in the monkey. PMID- 7250285 TI - Time course of early delayed blood-brain barrier changes in individual cats after ionizing radiation. PMID- 7250287 TI - Acute effects of intravenous glucocorticoid pretreatment on the in vitro peroxidation of cat spinal cord tissue. PMID- 7250286 TI - Effects of claustral stimulation on the properties of visual cortex neurons in the cat. PMID- 7250288 TI - A study of the transition from spindles to spike and wave discharge in feline generalized penicillin epilepsy: EEG features. PMID- 7250289 TI - A study of the transition from spindles to spike and wave discharge in feline generalized penicillin epilepsy: microphysiological features. PMID- 7250290 TI - Post-tetanic depression of twitch tension in the cat soleus muscle. PMID- 7250291 TI - Neurophysiological studies on patients with sutured median nerves: faulty sensory localization after nerve regeneration and its physiological correlates. PMID- 7250292 TI - Hyperfibrinolysis and hypercholesterolaemia in salt-intoxication in pigs. AB - Non-acute salt-intoxication in pigs leads to hyperfibrinolysis and a continuous rise in cholesterol due to an increase in the LDL fraction. Morphologically, spherical microthrombi, vascular wall infiltration and changes to organs have been found, as have also been described in shock or stress situations. PMID- 7250293 TI - Experimental studies on microcirculation under normobaric hyperoxia using the microspheres method. AB - The perfusion of the heart, kidneys, adrenals, stomach, intestines, brain and musculature under normobaric hyperoxia was studied in anaesthetized mini pigs using radioactively labelled microspheres. After a 2-hour control period using room air, the influence of normobaric hyperoxia on the perfusion of the organs was measured at 2-hour intervals. A significant increase in the perfusion of tissue was found in the kidneys, adrenals, gastro-intestinal tract and brain after 4-6 hours of exposure. No change in perfusion could be demonstrated for the myocardium. Values for the skeletal musculature (diaphragm and musculus psoas) were widely scattered, but an increase could be suspected. The increase in tissue perfusion at constant blood pressure and pulse rate must be interpreted as an expression of vasodilation. These results are contrary to the majority of statements in the literature, which mainly report vasoconstriction under normobaric hyperoxia. PMID- 7250294 TI - Glomerular lipidosis in the dog. AB - With both light-microscopy and electron-microscopy, glomerular lipidosis in the dog appears in two forms which can freely pass into each other: 1. A nodular non compressing form, and 2. and expansive compressing form. The focal areas are completely surrounded by a basal membrane. The covering podocytes are basically unchanged. The primary site of lipid deposition is the mesangial cell, not the endothelial cell. PMID- 7250295 TI - Normal values of alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in the serum of experimental animals using optimised methods, and the effects of haemolysis on these values. AB - Normal values for alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in rats and dogs were determined by optimised assay methods. It was also demonstrated that haemolysis caused the results to deviate considerably from the true values. PMID- 7250296 TI - Postirradiation recovery of hemopoiesis in mice treated with Propionibacterium granulosum. AB - The effect of Propionibacterium granulosum on spontaneous regeneration of hemopoiesis in nonlethally (250 or 400 rads) irradiated mice was investigated and measured by peripheral blood leukocyte counts each 2 days after irradiation and incorporation of 3H-thymidine into spleen and thymus in vivo. P. granulosum injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 1.5 mg per mouse, 7 days before or 4 days after irradiation, resulted in accelerated recovery of hemopoiesis after nonlethal irradiation with significantly higher leukocytosis, as compared with a control non-treated with bacteria. This was accompanied by elevated spleen and thymus weight and higher incorporation of 3 H-thymidine into spleen cells. PMID- 7250297 TI - Pulmonary fibrosis of low calcium diet fed guinea pigs induced by the administration of a soluble immune complex. AB - Feeding animals a low calcium diet leads to lymphangiectasis of peribronchial lymphatic vessels, sometimes followed by overflow of lymphatic fluid into the surrounding tissue. Adding a soluble immune complex (SIC) to the diet, the peculiar diffuse interstitial pneumonia and finally pulmonary fibrosis were noted. Small honey-combed structures and sometimes histologic accommodation of epithelial lining cells were observed. Sometimes accumulation of leucocytes within honey-combed structures was seen. PMID- 7250298 TI - Citrate-synthase activities in the renal tissue during experimental and chronic human pyelonephritis. AB - In chronic experimental and human pyelonephritis (PN) renal enzyme and phosphatide analyses and quantitative histological examinations were performed. The results reported in this study only refer to citrate-synthase activities (= condensing enzyme = CE). 139 rabbits developed unilateral experimental pyelonephritis, in further 19 rabbits the experimental PN did not settle or "healed up spontaneously". 31 samples of human pyelonephritic nephrocirrhotic kidneys and 20 samples of healthy human kidneys were examined in the same manner. The glomerular CE-activities in the rabbit increased steeply in the 20- and 31 days-series, remained at a high level up to the 100-days-series, showed normal values in the 213-days-series, and permitted a marked decrease to be seen in the 261-days-series only. The corticotubular CE-activities increased steeply in the 20- and 31-day-series, still being above the normal values in the 64-days-series. Thereafter, only reduced and strongly reduced values were observed. In the pyelonephritic medulla of rabbits the CE-activities increased very steeply during the 20-days-series, were still above the level of the normal values up to the 100 days-series, dropping then to pathologically reduced data in the 212-days-series. Thus the CE-activities showed a similar type of behaviour to that of the corresponding glomeruli. Chronically pyelonephritic contracted renal tissue in human beings also showed major reductions in CE-activities in all three tissue fractions studies. The significance calculations (universally applied t-test) showed an overwhelming majority of significant values (p less than 0.001). PMID- 7250299 TI - The influence of epsilon-aminocaproic acid on the mineralocorticoid hypertension of the rat. AB - The development of hypertension induced by DOCA/salt in rats can be reduced by epsilon-aminocaproic acid. Analogously to the clinical finding, glomerulopathy is also less marked. Recognising on the one hand the interaction between the coagulation system and the vessel wall and on the other hand the fibrinolysis blocking properties of EACA, it can be assumed that derangements of the coagulation system are aetiologically involved i hypertension induced by salt/DOCA. As a secondary finding, it was observed that the course of an existing lung infection is deleteriously affected by fibrinolysis-blockade with EACA. PMID- 7250300 TI - The influence of calcium ions on the synthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycans in human diploid cells in culture. AB - Synthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycans of skin fibroblasts derived from an adult normal male in culture under different Ca2+ concentrations were investigated. Collagen synthesis was increased in hypocalcemic culture and decreased in hypercalcemic culture. Ca ionophore A23187 added to the medium caused reduction of collagen synthesis. From these results, it was suggested that intracellular Ca2+ controlled the collagen synthesis of fibroblasts. Uronic acid measurements of cell surface glycosaminoglycans (csGAGS) showed the reduction of uronic acid contents along with an increase of Ca2+ concentration in the medium. 3H-glucosamine and 35S-SO42-incorporation into csGAGS showed that glycosaminoglycans synthesis was reduced along with the increase of Ca2+ concentration in the medium. The results from the uronic acid measurement and the radio-isotope incorporation suggested that sulfated glycosaminoglycans, which contained isuronic acid in high proportions such as dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate were increased in csGAGS in hypocalcemic culture. PMID- 7250301 TI - The fatty acid pattern of central myelin lipids after transplacental intoxication by ethylnitrosourea. AB - Porton mice were used in the experiments. Pregnant animals were injected intravenously with a single dose of ethylnitrosourea (ENU). The poison was administered at the 15th day of pregnancy. The cerebral myelin of offsprings of the intoxicated mothers was examined with respect to the fatty acid spectrum of myelin lipids. The results obtained lead to the following conclusions: The fatty acid pattern of the individual myelin lipid fractions has revealed significant differences between the normal myelin and that isolated from brains of mice that had been subjected to transplacental intoxication by ENU. Transplacental intoxication by ENU has not only a carcinogenic effect on the central nervous system, but it obviously also affects the lipid metabolism of membraneous structures of the developing brain. ENU when acting during foetal life induces the formation of deviated myelin, that differs significantly with respect to its lipid and fatty acid composition from that of normally developing animals. PMID- 7250302 TI - New aspects of the origin of hepatocellular vacuoles. An ultrastructural study on rat and mice liver after different intoxications. AB - The stages of vacuolar formations in liver parenchymal cells of rats and mice following application of phalloidine, amanitine, o-phenylphenol, hexachlorophene and p-chloro-m-cresol were demonstrated by electron microscopic investigations. After treatment the intercellular spaces are markedly widened and in restricted regions exhibit large sacculi penetrating into the cytoplasm of adjacent hepatocytes. In cross-sections these invaginations frequently appear as intracellular vacuoles. Our present investigations, however, clearly demonstrate that these vacuoles are still in direct connection with the intercellular space. The vacuolar formation is more pronounced in older animals and it is suggested that an increased patho-physiological portal hypertension leads to the swelling of the intercellular space. PMID- 7250303 TI - Transformation of hemopoietic stem cells by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) II. Mechanism of action. AB - It has long been known that phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulates transformation and growth of immune competent lymphocytes. Lymphoid cell colonies have previously been shown in the spleen with PHA treated lymph node cells from donor mice were injected into irradiated mice. This communication reports the results of in vivo effects of PHA stimulation on agar colony forming units and spleen colony forming units (CFU). C3H/Hej mice injected with 1 ml of PHA-M were found to secrete colony stimulating factors (PHA-CSF) which lead to an increase in the number of agar colony forming units (granulopoiesis). Serum obtained on day 6 after PHA injection showed enhanced granulopoiesis which was four times higher than in the controls. It was found that 1.0 ml and 0.15 ml of PHA-CSF were more effective in promoting the growth of agar colony forming units in agar plates. Intravenous injection of PHA increased the number of spleen-as well as agar colony forming units (CFU). Day 3 appeared to be optimal for in vivo effects of PHA on granulopoietic cells. An increase in the colony forming units was obtainable when previously treated bone marrow and spleen cells taken on day 3 were injected into irradiated mice. There was a fourfold increase of the colony forming units (CFUs) in the spleen and a twofold one in bone marrow cells. As compared to the controls, the increase in agar colony forming units (CFUc) of bone marrow was fourfold and that of the spleen tenfold. On day 5 some effect was still noticeable but it was lower than on day 3. On weight and cell count basis it was found that on day 6 PHA had a significant in vivo effect on the spleen. On the basis of our findings it can be concluded that PHA supports the survival of transplanted stem cells by stimulating their differentiation into unipotent erythroid progenitor cells. It may also be concluded that PHA activates the immune competent stem cells (mostly T lymphocytes) and displays a supporting function for a better stem cell survival and differentiation into the erythroid progenitor cells. The activated lymphocytes secrete a colony-stimulating like factor which stimulates granulopoiesis and also helps in the differentiation of the stem cells. PMID- 7250304 TI - Studies of ultrastructural changes on rough endoplasmic reticulum induced by various kinds of intoxication in animal liver. PMID- 7250305 TI - Studies on the inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by methylglyoxal. AB - Glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.12) from rabbit muscle is rapidly inactivated by methylglyoxal following pseudo first-order kinetics. Substrate, as well as inorganic phosphate, affords protection, whereas NAD+ is ineffective. The arginine residue implicated in the reaction is probably the anion binding site of the phosphate group of the substrate. PMID- 7250307 TI - The inhibition of cathepsin B by plasma haptoglobin biochemistry (enzymes, metabolism). PMID- 7250306 TI - Induction and development of mouse liver glutathione S-transferase activity. AB - Mouse liver glutathione S-transferase activity at birth was 1/10 that of adults, and increased steadily with each successive week of age until adult values were reached at 8 weeks. Activity was inducible with phenobarbital; however, the percentage increase in activity was dependent upon substrate. 2 distinct peaks of transferase activity were obtained on CM-cellulose chromatography. The ratios of transferase activity observed for each peak demonstrated that glutathione S transferase activity in mouse liver is associated with at least 2 distinct proteins with differing substrate specificities. PMID- 7250309 TI - Deoxyribonuclease immobilized on the erythrocytes. PMID- 7250308 TI - Enhancement of lipid peroxidation in rat brain mitochondria by polyamines. PMID- 7250311 TI - Effect of cholinesterase on the chemiluminescence of luminol. PMID- 7250310 TI - Tissue energy of mammalian modulator-dependent protein kinases. AB - The levels of modulator-dependent protein kinases and protamine-dependent protein kinase(s) in various tissues of adult mice were compared. Cerebellum contained the highest levels of both modulator-dependent protein kinases and protamine dependent protein kinase(s), whereas skeletal muscle contained no detectable enzymes. The lung and the ileum were also rich in modulator-dependent protein kinases, while other tissues were poor sources of these enzymes. PMID- 7250312 TI - Nonrandom association of acrocentric chromosomes in human epithelial cells. PMID- 7250313 TI - The effect of calcitonin on calcium uptake in mouse molars in vitro. AB - Mouse maxillary second molars were removed at either 24 or 96 h of age and maintained in vitro. Half of the teeth, of each age group, were treated with 50 m units of synthetic salmon calcitonin. By comparing the initial and final calcium concentrations in the medium, the net uptake or release of calcium was inferred. The treated molars took up significantly more calcium than the untreated groups. PMID- 7250314 TI - Open field locomotion by zinc deficient adult male mice. PMID- 7250315 TI - Thermogenic response as the function of extravascular influx of infused noradrenaline. PMID- 7250316 TI - Mechanism of intercellular synchronization in the rabbit sinus node. AB - A strip of tissue cut from the sinus node, 0.5 mm wide, was studied in a sucrose gap chamber. With the gap width of 0.6--1.5 mm the 2 ends of the preparation showed nonsynchronous activity. Synchronization could be re-established by a shunt resistor, 15--100 k omega, connected across the gap, suggesting that synchronous firing of the sinus node requires local circuit currents. PMID- 7250317 TI - Luminal gastrin does not activate rat stomach histidine decarboxylase. AB - Fasted rats have a low gastric histidine decarboxylase activity. I.v. infusion of heptadecapeptide gastrin for 2 h raised the enzyme activity. Intragastric perfusion with the same dose of gastrin and for the same period of time did not reproduce the effect of circulating gastrin. It is concluded that luminal gastrin, in contrast to circulating gastrin, does not activate rat stomach histidine decarboxylase. PMID- 7250319 TI - 3H-Spiroperidol binding to striatal membranes of mutant Han-Wistar rats which exhibit spastic paresis. AB - The binding of 3H-spiroperidol to striatal membranes from a strain of mutant Han Wistar rats was compared with that in normal littermate animals. The specific binding was less in the mutants than the controls. Scatchard analysis revealed that the KD- and Bmax-values for the high affinity binding sites in the mutants are greater than for those in the controls. These findings indicate that the dopamine receptors of the mutants are affected and could explain some of the previous data; it has been suggested that some of the spasticity observed in the mutants may be due to an abnormal functioning of their dopaminergic neurones. PMID- 7250318 TI - Effect of sudden reductions of the arterial blood pressure on the mean diastolic coronary resistance. AB - At the beginning of a 10 sec arterial haemorrhage, vascular elasticity induces an increase of mean diastolic coronary resistance. Then, the increase is counteracted by the relaxation of the vascular musculature, which causes a coronary hyperaemia when, after the haemorrhage is arrested, the vascular wall is stretched by a sudden though slight increase of blood pressure. PMID- 7250320 TI - The acute effects of sulpiride on the central dopamine turnover in rats: a quantitative histochemical study. PMID- 7250321 TI - Decrease in [3H]ouabain binding sites in heart and brain from spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7250322 TI - Inhibitory action of bradykinin on release of the adrenergic transmitter in the isolated lapine kidney. AB - In the isolated lapine kidney perfused with tyrode solution and prelabeled with [3H] norepinephrine, bradykinin (10 ng/ml) decreased the overflow of tritium elicited by sympathetic nerve stimulation both in the presence and absence of indomethacin. These observations indicate that bradykinin acts at presynaptic sites reducing release of the adrenergic transmitter in the isolated lapine kidney. PMID- 7250323 TI - Effect of substitution of glycine by D- or L-alanine on the activity of the C terminal hexapeptide analogue of substance P on isolated guinea-pig ileum. PMID- 7250324 TI - Velocity sedimentation of tumor cells: a comparison of methods. AB - Tumor cells isolated from a murine fibrosarcoma were grown in primary culture for two days and then separated on a basis of size by velocity sedimentation. Centrifugal elutriation and STAPUT methods were compared to their ability to isolate biophysically unique tumor subpopulations. The isolated cell fractions were assayed for cell number, incorporation of tritiated thymidine and Coulter volume. Both methods were comparable with regard to ability to separate tumor cells on a basis of size. Elutriation had the advantage of speed but required sophisticated equipment. The STAPUT method was less expensive but required somewhat longer times for separation. PMID- 7250325 TI - Changes in immune reactivity during growth of an adenovirus 12-induced transplantable tumour in CBA mice. AB - Early suppression, followed by a period of enhancement and finally, suppression, was seen when the spleen cell response to T and B cell mitogens was monitored during growth of an adenovirus 12-induced tumour in CBA black mice. The macrophage content of the tumour changed with time and these fluctuations correlated with the ability of tumour tissue extracts to enhance the normal spleen cell response to mitogen. PMID- 7250326 TI - A morphological study of delayed muscle soreness. AB - Biopsies, taken up to 1 week postexercise, from the soleus muscles of 5 healthy males (20--34 years old) suffering from pronounced exercise-induced delayed muscle soreness were analyzed morphologically. There was no evidence for ischemic tissue injury or mechanical fibre disruption. However, at the subcellular level frequent myofibrillar disturbances, especially with regard to the Z-bands, were noted. Thus, the contractile machinery of overloaded muscle fibres seemed to be partially distorted several days following exercise. PMID- 7250327 TI - Incorporation of 14C-thymidine by cultures of erythrocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients and normal subjects, suggesting the presence of an L-form. AB - Cultures of washed erythrocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients and normal subjects were found to incorporated 14C-thymidine, suggesting the presence of an L-form. The extent of the incorporation by erythrocytes from rheumatoid patients was more variable than that by erythrocytes from normal subjects, and correlated negatively with IgG measurements and white cell counts performed on the patients' bloods, although not with the clinical activity of the patients. PMID- 7250328 TI - Lymphocyte reactivity in Imuran-treated guinea-pigs and in vitro effect of colchicine. AB - Imuran treatment significantly diminished macrophage migration inhibition in immunized guinea-pigs and the percentage of E-rosette forming cells in all treated animals. 10(-6) M colchicine in vitro significantly increased the percentage of E-rosette forming cells in Imuran-treated animals. The results suggest possible alteration of the lymphocyte receptors after treatment with Imuran. PMID- 7250329 TI - Prednisolone-binding proteins in the rat liver and gastrocnemius muscle. PMID- 7250330 TI - The role of calcitonin in hypocalcemia in acute experimental pancreatitis. PMID- 7250331 TI - Bioavailability of progesterone enhanced by intranasal spraying. AB - The bioavailability of progesterone (P) in terms of area under time-concentration curve and maximal concentration in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid was studied in adult ovariectomized rhesus monkeys following the administration of P as a nasal spray, i.v. or i.m. injections, nasal or eye drops. The bioavailability of P in both the body fluids was found to be considerably higher following its being sprayed intranasally. PMID- 7250332 TI - Intrasplenic infusion. A simple method for intraportal infusion in rats. PMID- 7250333 TI - Metabolic studies of glycerol-induced acute renal failure in the rat. PMID- 7250335 TI - Alterations of the connective tissue components induced by beta aminopropionitrile. PMID- 7250334 TI - Morphological effects of prolonged exposure to ozone and sulfuric acid aerosol on the rat lung. PMID- 7250336 TI - An ultrastructural study of albinistic B-14 melanoma cells. PMID- 7250337 TI - Relationship between the magnitude of myocardial ischemia and ultrastructural alterations. PMID- 7250338 TI - Quantitative studies of pinocytosis by arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells in culture. PMID- 7250339 TI - Role of drug metabolism in protection against chlorphentermine-induced pulmonary phospholipidosis in adult rat. PMID- 7250341 TI - Planning status of marital births, 1975-1976. AB - Fertility rates in the United States continued to decline between the early and mid-1970s as they had during the previous decade. This change was part of a larger trend which was associated with widespread adoption of effective contraception and with the diminishing of many long-standing social and economic differentials in fertility. 1 This article focuses on the fertility of married women in the 1975-1976 period, as measured by Cycle II of the National Survey of Family Growth (the 1976 period, NSFG) conducted by the national Center for Health Statistics of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Data from this survey indicate a continued increase in the proportion of marital births that were reported as planned. Despite a rapid decline in fertility and improvement in birth planning, there were still distinct differences in the mid 1970s in fertility and in the control of recent fertility. PMID- 7250340 TI - Is the low-dose pill always preferable? PMID- 7250342 TI - Planned and unplanned births in the United States. 2. The decline in unwanted fertility, 1971-1976. PMID- 7250343 TI - The impact of early use of prescription contraceptives on reducing premarital teenage pregnancies. PMID- 7250344 TI - How patients view mandatory waiting periods for abortion. AB - In recent years, various legislatures have enacted laws and ordinances mandating a waiting period for women seeking to obtain abortions. Legal challenges to such statutes have been successful, except in one instance (Akron, Ohio), and a federal judge in Tennessee recently struck down a waiting period statute. As part of the appeal against the Tennessee law, two surveys were made of some 400 women who experienced such a delay to probe their opinions about the benefits and drawbacks of the mandated waiting period. More than seven in 10 women were unable to name a single benefit to be derived form waiting, and six in 10 pointed to one or more problems they had experienced, including extra expense, missed work or school, experiencing some discomfort and entering the second trimester of pregnancy, among others. About +7,6000 in extra expenses were incurred by about 200 of the women (with a median of +24 per woman), adding about 48 percent to the costs for the typical low-income woman and 14 percent for the typical higher income woman. The cost of the second visit increased in direct proportion to the distance a woman lived from the family planning clinic and to the number of hours she was employed per week. The typical woman was found to hold a negative view of the statute. Women who were surveyed before and after the waiting period said that they actually realized fewer benefits and experienced more problems from the waiting period than they had anticipated. PMID- 7250345 TI - Postpartum and postabortion psychotic reactions. PMID- 7250346 TI - Fertility and contraception in 12 developed countries. PMID- 7250347 TI - The impact of family planning clinic programs on adolescent pregnancy. AB - During the 1970s, there was a decline in adolescent childbearing in the United States and, among teenagers who were sexually active, there was a decline in pregnancy rates as well. To what extent was increased enrollment by teenagers in federally funded family planning clinics responsible for these declines? Areal multivariate analysis reveals that adolescent birthrates were reduced between 1970 and 1975 as the result of enrollment by teenagers in family planning clinics, independent of the effects of other factors also affecting fertility, such as poverty status, education and urbanization. Using a model which controls for differences in adolescent sexual activity in different areas in 1970 and 1975, the analysis found that for every 10 teenage patients enrolled in family planning clinics in 1975, about one birth was averted in 1976. Other multivariate models, which did not control for differences in sexual activity, showed changes in the same direction, though of smaller dimension. Since the family planning program averts not only births but also pregnancies that result in abortions and miscarriages, an estimate was made of the total number of pregnancies averted by the program. Based on the proportion of unintended pregnancies among adolescents that resulted in live births in 1976 (36 percent), it was estimated that for every 10 teen patients enrolled in 1975, almost three pregnancies were averted in the following year. Over the 1970s, an estimated 2.6 million unintended adolescent pregnancies were averted by the program--944,000 births, 1,376,000 abortions and 326,000 miscarriages. In 1979 alone, an estimated 417,000 unintended pregnancies were prevented by the program. PMID- 7250350 TI - Training facilities in marital and family therapy. AB - This survey reports the results of a national survey of training programs in family therapy. Two hundred and forty-five programs responded to the survey questionnaire providing data for the development of a master list of training programs and a general assessment of the nature and magnitude of training efforts in the field. The survey included programs housed in diverse institutional settings. The data indicate the extent of growth and the increasing formalization of professional training in family therapy. A classification system is proposed for distinguishing among the major types of facilities providing family therapy training. Programs are compared in terms of the type, duration, and intensity of the training offered and the number of students enrolled. PMID- 7250349 TI - Family planning services in the United States, 1978-1979. PMID- 7250348 TI - Blocking family planning. PMID- 7250351 TI - Family therapy training in selected general psychiatry residency programs. AB - This paper describes the current state of family therapy training in general psychiatry residency programs (GPRP) in the United States. Based on a national survey of 80 GPRP training directors, current practices and attitudes toward family therapy training are assessed. The principal finding is that there has been a significant increase in the amount of required family therapy training in GPRP over previous years and many of the programs would like to expand their current curriculum. Issues concerning course content, definition of family therapy employed, and the meshing of different theoretical paradigms are considered. Recommendations of further research and for the initiation of intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary dialogue are presented. PMID- 7250352 TI - Family therapy training in clinical psychology programs. AB - In a national questionnaire survey of graduate programs offering the Ph.D. or Psy.D. in clinical psychology, the status of family therapy training was examined. With a 79 per cent response rate (102 programs), the study found that 10 per cent of the nationwide faculty identified themselves as primarily family therapy oriented, 32 per cent of the programs had no family-oriented faculty members, 18 per cent of all psychotherapy courses were family therapy courses, and 21 per cent of the schools had no family therapy course. The ratings of the importance of providing students with family therapy training were found to be unrelated to the number of family therapy courses available but positively correlated with the percentage of family therapy courses within the total curriculum. PMID- 7250353 TI - Issues in the assessment of outcome in family therapy. AB - This paper examines several issues in family therapy outcome research. These include the need to consider numerous population and treatment goals and values upon the research, the difficulties in defining and operationalizing family treatment, the choice between emphasizing integrity of treatment or randomness of sampling, the selection of measurement methods, the controls needed in research design, the importance of efficiency of treatment, and the special role of deterioration effects. Throughout, the need for a multivariate schema for conceptualizing this research and special attention to the role of values and assumptions in it are highlighted. PMID- 7250355 TI - Cotherapy teams and one-way screen in family therapy practice and training. PMID- 7250354 TI - Client, treatment, and therapist variables related to outcome in brief, systems oriented family therapy. AB - Client, therapist, and treatment characteristics were examined with respect to how much of the variance they could account for in a variety of outcome measures. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine relationships among each of the client, therapist, and treatment characteristics studied and the various outcome measures. For the 219 families that were treated with brief family therapy, only a relatively low amount of variance in any of the outcome measures could be accounted for. The amount of explained variance, however, varied considerably from one outcome measure to the other. When the more homogeneous groups of clients (single parents or adolescent identified patients) were considered, the amount of explained variance generally showed an increase. Different sets of client, therapist, and treatment variables accounted for the variance in these outcome measures across client groups, demonstrating both the complexities of the relationships and the relative independence of various outcome measures. New variables are suggested for future research. PMID- 7250358 TI - Derivatives of 5,7,7-trimethyl-6-oxa-3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane with antiarrhythmic, local anesthetic and hypotensive activities. II. PMID- 7250356 TI - Family therapy of schizophrenics with high risk of relapse. AB - Three families that demonstrated factors associated with relapse of florid symptoms ina schizophrenic family member underwent a course of 25 sessions of behavioral therapy in a multi-family group. Details of the treatment and assessment procedures are presented along with evidence of significant beneficial change in two families. The problem of providing continuing care for schizophrenic patients and their families is discussed. PMID- 7250357 TI - Family therapy with Irish-Americans. AB - This paper presents a paradigm for understanding the cultural values and family patterns of Irish-American families and offers suggestions for clinical intervention. Families' correspondence to the model described will depend upon their level of acculturation, socioeconomic status, and other contextual factors. The paradigm suggests a number of issues that may create difficulties for the therapist and for the family in therapy. In general, behavioral techniques, Bowen systems therapy, and strategic interventions may be more useful then techniques emphasizing expression of emotions in therapy or direct attempts to alter communication or family behavior in therapy sessions, as used in structural therapy. PMID- 7250359 TI - Cerebral enzymatic activities during chronic hyperammonemia and treatment with S adenosyl-L-methionine, adenosine and methionine in the rat. AB - The effect of the chronic intramuscular administration of some agents related to the S-adenosyl-L-methionine system on the hyperammonemia syndrome was evaluated. This experimental syndrome was induced in the rat by intraperitoneal administration of high doses of ammonium acetate (33, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day, 6 days a week for 80 days) followed by the assay of the activities of some cerebral enzymes involved in energy transduction. The enzymatic activities studied in the homogenate and in the mitochondrial fractions of brain tissue were: lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, total NADH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome oxidase. All three doses of ammonium acetate induced significant modifications in the cerebral enzymatic activities. These doses reduced the activity of the total NADH-cytochrome c reductase both in the homogenate and in the mitochondrial fraction. On the other hand the activity of malate dehydrogenase was reduced limited to the two lower doses in the homogenate only. The simultaneous daily treatment (i.m.) with equimolar doses of substances involved in the S-adenosyl-L-methionine system (adenosine, methionine and S adenosyl-L-methionine) did not cause any significant modification of the cerebral enzymatic activities associated with the administration of ammonium acetate at the three dose levels, thus confirming our previous results. PMID- 7250360 TI - Fusaric acid derivatives and analogues as possible antihypertensive drugs. Note I. PMID- 7250361 TI - Fusaric acid derivatives and analogues as possible antihypertensive agents. Note III. PMID- 7250362 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological activity of (bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ylidene)acetic acid amides and 2-(bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ylidene)ethanamines. PMID- 7250363 TI - [Chemical and pharmacological research on derivatives of 2,7-substituted 5H-1,3,4 thia(oxa)diazol[2,3-b]quinazolin-5-one]. PMID- 7250364 TI - Effects of papaveroline-monosulphate on the systemic and regional circulation in the dog. AB - The effects of papaveroline 6'-sulphonic of N-methylglucamine (UTEN), administered by intravenous injection in doses ranging from 10 to 20 mg/kg, on cardiac dynamics and peripheral blood flow distribution were studied in conscious and anesthetized dogs, using electromagnetic flowmeters implanted around the ascending aorta, pulmonary artery, left coronary artery, superior mesenteric artery, and renal and external iliac arteries. In the conscious dogs, blood pressure after the injection of the drug showed an initial fall and returned to normal control values after a transitory increase. The changes in aortic pressure were accompanied by an increase in heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume and cardiac work. The administration of UTEN was also associated with an increase in the peripheral blood flow and a decrease in their calculated resistances and in total peripheral resistances. Similar variations were observed in the anesthetized dogs. The effects of UTEN were compared with those of other vasodilator drugs (papaverine, isoxsuprine and D.E.D.). From the results obtained it is possible to conclude that UTEN produces a vasodilation in all investigated vessels, whereas other vasodilator agents only act in some particular vascular beds; moreover, the effect of UTEN is longer-lasting. There is also a probable constriction in the capacitance vessels, as shown by haemodynamic changes in the pulmonary circulation. PMID- 7250365 TI - Chemical modification of citrate synthase. Evidence against two geometrically separated catalytic sites per monomer. PMID- 7250366 TI - Permeabilization of mammalian cells to proteins by the ionophore nigericin. PMID- 7250367 TI - Stimulation of rat renal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity after an intravenous lactic acid load. PMID- 7250368 TI - Formation and efflux of glutathione disulfide studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7250369 TI - Biosynthesis of intestinal microvillar proteins. Putative precursor forms of microvillus aminopeptidase and sucrase--isomaltase isolated from Ca2+ precipitated enterocyte membranes. PMID- 7250370 TI - Production of blood coagulation factor V and tissue thromboplastin by macrophages in vitro. PMID- 7250372 TI - Herbicides and fungicides stimulate Ca2+ efflux from rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7250371 TI - Effects of dietary lipid and phenobarbitone on the distribution and concentration of cytochrome P-450 in the liver studied by quantitative cytochemistry. PMID- 7250374 TI - The nucleotide sequence of gene 1 of T7 phage DNA which codes for the phage specific DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase. PMID- 7250373 TI - Surface-reactive stimuli selectively increase protein phosphorylation in human neutrophils. PMID- 7250375 TI - Interaction of lac repressor fragment 33--38 (Lys-Thr-Arg-Glu-Lys-Val) with homo oligonucleotides. PMID- 7250377 TI - Isolation and amino acid sequence of bovine secretin. PMID- 7250376 TI - Primary structure of an acidic ribosomal protein from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. PMID- 7250381 TI - Neurohistochemical methods in tracing central respiratory mechanisms. AB - Neurohistochemical methods using the retrograde and transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) have been used to examine differences in the topographic representation in the brainstem of airway stretch receptors in the extrathoracic trachea and intrathoracic trachea of the cat. HRP neurohistochemistry has also been used to trace connections between brainstem respiratory nuclei, e.g., the inspiratory region of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (nTS). Microiontophoretic deposits of HRP in functionally homogeneous neuronal populations of the medulla, the inspiratory neuronal group of the ventrolateral nTS, permit the examination of specific anatomical projections; distinct differences between the subnuclei of the nTS receiving projections from the extrathoracic and intrathoracic trachea could be identified. The afferents from the extrathoracic trachea (trachealis muscle stretch receptors) terminate in the main inspiratory subnucleus of the nTS, the ventrolateral nTS, whereas an identical region of the intrathoracic trachea sends its afferents to the dorsolateral nTS. The possible functional effects of such topographic differences are discussed. The inspiratory neuronal population in the ventrolateral nTS receives afferent projections from the contralateral rostral ventrolateral medulla. These afferent projections originate in a recently identified location in the rostral end of the nucleus ambiguous lying ventral to the retrofacial nucleus. This region has been identified as a site for respiratory related activity, which is expiratory in nature and anatomically distinct from the nucleus ambiguus and the retrofacial nucleus. This region has been identified as the Botzinger complex, which corresponds to a collection of expiratory neurons in the rostral medulla. PMID- 7250378 TI - Kinetics of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides in oleate-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7250380 TI - Symposium report. Hamster immune responsiveness and experimental models of infectious and oncologic diseases. PMID- 7250379 TI - Biogenesis of the outer mitochondrial membrane in isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7250382 TI - How is respiratory rhythm generated? AB - The time course of respiratory activity, e.g., the the abrupt transitions between the inspiratory (1) and expiratory (E) phases, can be explained by several types of interaction between brainstem respiratory neurons. 1) Reciprocal inhibition: Inhibition of E neurons by I neurons, and of I neurons by E neurons, has been demonstrated, a mechanism that prevents occurrence of activity in one set of populations during the period of activity of another set of populations. 2) Recurrent inhibition: During each respiratory phase, activity in recurrent loops gradually rises to levels sufficient to inhibit ongoing activity and produce abrupt phase-switching. a) I leads to E phase-switching: By use of lung inflation tests, several categories of I neurons in the region of the ventrolateral nucleus of tractus solitarius (NTS) have been specified; in particular, a population of late-I neurons has been found that may function to terminate the I phase. b) E leads to I phase-switching: Several populations of medullary neurons (early-E, late-E, and EI) have been found with responses to lung inflation that suggest that they may play a role in determining E phase duration and E leads to I switching; in particular, a population of early-E neurons in the NTS has been found whose discharge properties suggest that they may function to delay the onset of the succeeding I phase. 3) Recurrent excitation: There is evidence for the existence of recurrent excitatory actions among I neurons that may produce the augmenting pattern of I neurons' discharges. PMID- 7250383 TI - Properties of medullary respiratory neurons. AB - A summary of recently published results dealing with the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of medullary respiratory neurons is presented. These neurons are organized into two anatomically separate populations, one associated with the ventrolateral nucleus of the solitary tract and the other with nucleus ambiguus and retroambigualis. Procion yellow dye injection studies have shown that respiratory neurons are medium-sized cells, their dendrites are selectively oriented, there is considerable dendritic overlap, but axon collaterals could not be demonstrated. Axonal conduction velocities vary widely, and input resistance is higher than that of alpha motoneurons. Extrinsic properties reveal a variety of firing patterns and membrane potential trajectories. Evidence is presented and a model proposal suggesting that reciprocal inhibition as well as recurrent inhibition and excitation may be important extrinsic inputs onto medullary respiratory neurons. PMID- 7250384 TI - Interactions between brainstem respiratory neurons. AB - Interactions between brainstem respiratory neurons underlie respiratory rhythmogenesis. Several techniques to study these interactions are discussed. Cross-correlation analysis of the firing patterns of pairs of respiratory neurons revealed a high probability of interaction and/or shared inputs between neurons that are immediate neighbors, and the lack and ubiquitous connections between neurons located in different regions. Neuroanatomical studies demonstrated a previously unobserved brainstem projection to the ventrolateral nucleus of tractus solitarius, an important brainstem respiratory-related structure, from a small cluster of neurons in the contralateral ventrolateral medulla several millimeters rostral to the obex; subsequent recordings have shown these neurons to have expiratory firing patterns. Modeling studies suggested that neurons hypothesized to produce inspiratory phase termination should begin firing late in the inspiratory phase and should be excited by lung inflation. Subsequent extracellular recordings have shown that neurons with these properties constitute a significant fraction of neurons in the region of te ventrolateral nucleus of tractus solitarius. The results of these studies indicate that rhythmogenesis results from highly specific interactions between limited subpopulations of respiratory neurons. PMID- 7250385 TI - Where are the real respiratory neurons? AB - Transection experiments establish that the mechanisms responsible for the generation of the basic breathing pattern are located in the medulla. Several populations of neurons with activity patterns related to this motor pattern are readily recorded in the medulla, and much information has been obtained in the past 10 years about the physiology of these medullary respiratory neurons and their possible interconnections, inputs, and interactions. This evidence does not support the hypothesis that the basic alternations between expiration and inspiration is the result of a stable oscillatory network containing only the presently known medullary respiratory neurons. It is proposed that conventional extracellular recording methods have missed important parts of the medullary respiratory mechanism. PMID- 7250386 TI - Postmenopausal osteoporosis: prevention versus cure. AB - Vertebral and femoral neck fracture syndromes and their attendant morbidity still continue to plague the lives of many postmenopausal women. The osteopenia that characterizes the "vertebral collapse" or "hip fracture" syndromes results from the gradual and progressive loss of bone mass the begins early in the fourth decade of life in all individuals and proceeds at an accentuated rate in the female population. A unified hypothesis that effectively explains the pathogenesis of the fracture-prone osteopenia state is still nonexistent, although sedentary life styles, genetic predisposition, hormonal imbalance, vitamin deficiencies, high-protein diets, and cigarette smoking have all been implicated in this regard. One of the most consistent observations, which cannot be ignored, is the inadequate calcium intake of women in the second and third decade of life and the negative calcium balance that characterizes the perimenopausal state. Nutritional adequacy with respect to this most essential skeletal ingredient is considered most appropriate not only in any proposed therapeutic regimen for postmenopausal osteopenic females, but also in the young, active, menstruating female. PMID- 7250387 TI - Protein-induced hypercalciuria. AB - Under controlled dietary conditions the level of dietary protein has a profound and sustained effect on urinary calcium and calcium retention of man. Young adults achieve calcium balance at low intakes of 500 mg calcium and 700 to 1,000 mg phosphorus when protein intake is 50 g. Large calcium losses occur at the same calcium and phosphorus intakes when the protein intake is increased approximately threefold. The protein-induced hypercalciuria is due mainly to a decrease in fractional renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, although an increase in glomerular filtration rate is also involved. The changes in kidney function appear to result from the catabolism of excess dietary sulfur amino acids to sulfate and the subsequent excretion of sulfate in the urine. An increase in both protein and phosphorus intakes has a much less dramatic effect on urinary calcium and calcium retention than an increase in protein intake alone. An increase in dietary phosphorus greatly reduces urinary calcium by increasing the fractional renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. It appears therefore that high protein intakes may increase the requirements for both calcium and phosphorus. PMID- 7250388 TI - Calcium, phosphorus, and osteoporosis. AB - Gross epidemiological data indicate there are no significant differences in rates of aging osteopenia among countries with substantially different amounts of Ca in their national food supplies. This-observation, plus the fact that Ca administration fails to reverse osteoporotic bone loss, has led some investigators to conclude that Ca nutrition is an insignificant factor in the etiology of osteoporosis. However, it has become apparent that a Ca intake that may be adequate for adults consuming a low protein, low P, neural, or alkaline cereal-based diet is not necessarily adequate for subjects consuming a high protein, high P, acidic mixed Western diet. Ca administration inhibits postmenopausal osteopenia and there is epidemiological evidence that a liberal Ca intake reduces bone loss in middle adulthood. Ca intakes in the United States and Canada appear generally satisfactory among children and young adults, but low intakes by many individuals of middle age is a cause for concern, especially among women. Although the Ca:P ratio for the average diet consumed in these countries (about 1:1.6) appears to be satisfactory, a low intake of dairy foods, coupled with a high intake of other foods rich in natural and added phosphorus, may raise the ratio above 1:2, a value beyond which animal studies indicate that there is a risk of increased bone loss. PMID- 7250390 TI - Clinical evaluation of the effects of combined treatment with bromocriptine and spironolactone in two women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - Two women with the polycystic ovary syndrome were treated with bromocriptine (15 to 20 mg/day) in combination with spironolactone (100 mg/day). In the first woman the combined therapy induced a marked reduction of hirsutism, with ensuing ovulation and pregnancy. In the second woman, who had hyperthecosis and had been refractory to treatment with clomiphene and wedge resection, the combined therapy resulted in abolition of hirsutism, normalization of blood pressure, weight reduction, and improvement in glucose intolerance. In this patient fertility could not be established by the above treatment, but the symptomatic amelioration was so great that she accepted no further attempt to induce ovulation. In view of the marked amelioration of the polycystic ovary syndrome induced by combined bromocriptine and spironolactone treatment, this mode of therapy should receive further consideration. PMID- 7250389 TI - Surgical treatment of pituitary prolactinomas: postoperative prolactin and fertility in seventy patients. AB - The surgical results obtained in 70 patients with pituitary prolactinomas indicate that the success of surgery depends on the preoperative prolactin level and the diameter of the adenoma, and that the former is the more influential factor. Assessment of both of these parameters affords a good prediction of the endocrine result. The cure rates for different patient groups ranged from 4% to 90%. Postoperative results in women (57% with normal prolactin levels) were better than those in men (17% with normal prolactin levels). Of 19 women who desired pregnancy, 11 (58%) achieved successful pregnancies; 1 woman became pregnant twice. In addition, one woman had an extrauterine pregnancy and one suffered a spontaneous abortion. Five required additional bromocriptine therapy. The data were evaluated analytically. PMID- 7250391 TI - Circadian variation in plasma prolactin, gonadotropins, and testosterone in diabetic male patients with and without impotence. AB - The circadian variation in plasma levels of prolactin, gonadotropins, testosterone, and glucose were studied in 10 young diabetic male patients. Four patients were asymptomatic without sexual dysfunction and six patients had organic impotence. The results of this study indicate that diurnal levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and testosterone are similar in diabetic patients with and without impotence. During the nocturnal period, a sleep-related increase in plasma prolactin levels was noted in diabetic patients without impotence. In diabetic patients with impotence, plasma prolactin levels were similar during the diurnal and nocturnal periods. These results further support previous findings that diabetic patients with organic impotence do not have abnormal gonadotropin and testosterone levels. PMID- 7250392 TI - A rapid method for the fractionation of human spermatozoa according to their progressive motility. AB - A rapid and gentle procedure has been developed for the separation of spermatozoa from other seminal cells and for the preparation of purified spermatozoa with uniform progressive velocity. The method consists of the filtration of semen through an isotonic. Percoll layer and the subsequent centrifugation of the cell pellet on a preformed continuous Percoll gradient; after fractionation of the density gradient, immotile spermatozoa are recovered at density 1.06 to 1.09, whereas an increase in progressive velocity is measured for spermatozoa collected at higher densities. The usefulness of this simple method as a diagnostic aid in men with infertility and urogenital disease was illustrated by the analysis of two abnormal semen samples. This method for the preparation of homogeneous sperm cell populations might facilitate further (sub)cellular studies under normal and pathologic conditions. PMID- 7250393 TI - Induced corpus luteum dysfunction after aspiration of the preovulatory follicle in monkeys. AB - In order to obtain a mature ovum for in vitro fertilization or alternative procedures, the technique must be reliable both for collection of the fertilizable egg and preservation of a receptive maternal milieu, supported principally by normal corpus luteum function. During aspiration of the dominant follicle in the immediate preovulatory interval, some of the granulosa cells and follicular fluid unavoidably are removed from the antrum, along with the ovum. We used laboratory primates to assess the consequences of this granulosa cell and follicular fluid loss on subsequent corpus luteum function. Two types of luteal dysfunction were observed in approximately one-third of the monkeys: (1) transient subnormal progesterone secretion in the 1st postovulatory week and (2) very low progesterone secretion throughout the luteal phase. Only the former group demonstrated responsiveness to human chorionic gonadotropin. PMID- 7250394 TI - Development, validation, and application of a rapid method for detection of ovulation in great apes and in women. AB - A rapid hemagglutination inhibition test for detection of pregnancy in nonhuman primates has been modified to permit detection of the midcycle luteinizing hormone (LH) peak in hominid species. The test has been validated by correlation with immunoassayable LH activity in serum and urine. It has been used by the authors and others from prediction of ovulation in the gorilla, orangutan, chimpanzee, and human. This predictive capacity has been of value to experiments in natural breeding, artificial breeding, and ovum recovery. The test has potential value for monitoring of the normal menstrual cycle, enhancement of breeding efficiency, and identification of anovulatory cycles. PMID- 7250396 TI - Acute effects of exercise on plasma concentrations of prolactin and testosterone in recreational women runners. PMID- 7250395 TI - Postcoital, Vaginal, spermicidal potency of formulations: the Macaca arctoides (stumptailed macaque) as animal model. AB - The Macaca arctoides (stumptailed macaque) was found to be a good animal model for determining the postcoital spermicidal activity of vaginal preparations. The stumptailed macaque is easy to handle, so formulations can be inserted correctly into the vagina just before coitus. The male mates rapidly, and the entire test can be completed within 5 to 10 minutes, minimizing all extraneous factors other than those inherent to the reproductive tract and the coital act. Data from postcoital breeding experiments were found to be reliable and consistent when results of six primate mating tests for a single dose level of a test formulation were averaged. Dose-response curves can be prepared from these average results, and the relative in vivo effectiveness of the spermicides can be determined. The Sander-Cramer test proved to be a good assay with which to quantitate the in vitro spermicidal potency of formulations. The spermicidal preparations tested immobilized human and primate spermatozoa in vitro to the same extent with the exception of one formulation (possibly due to the vehicle in which the active ingredient was incorporated). The relative spermicidal effectiveness of preparations differs with in vitro and postcoital testing. Because the latter is a more realistic indicator of the contraceptive potency of a formulation, it is recommended that postcoital primate experiments be performed with newly developed vaginal spermicides before extensive animal breeding experiments clinical trials are initiated. PMID- 7250397 TI - Sperm Motility. PMID- 7250398 TI - Effect of silver nitrate on pregnancy termination in cynomolgus monkeys. AB - The effect of intrauterine injection of 1% silver nitrate on pregnancy was studied in 13 cynomolgus monkeys. The monkeys received, in a random manner, intrauterine injections of 1 ml of either 1% silver nitrate (n = 7) or 0.9% NaCl solution (n = 6) between days 27 and 43 of pregnancy. Silver nitrate injection resulted in vaginal bleeding, beginning 1 or 2 days after treatment, that lasted for an average of 5.3 days. In all of these cases, pregnancy was terminated. Injection of normal saline had variable sequelae, but four of six monkeys were delivered of healthy offspring. All of the silver nitrate-treated animals recycled and, after remating, two of the seven subsequently became pregnant again and were delivered of normal healthy infants. This study demonstrates the efficacy of intrauterine injection of 1% silver nitrate in terminating early pregnancy. PMID- 7250401 TI - Microsurgical reversal of female sterilization. PMID- 7250399 TI - Ciliated endocervical cells: a cyclic "pseudo-protozoal infestation" of the endocervix. PMID- 7250402 TI - Towards a more appropriate evaluation. PMID- 7250404 TI - Infected endometriotic cysts: clinical characterization and pathogenesis. AB - Although endometriotic cysts are common, the occurrence of infection in these lesions has not been reported. Of 510 consecutive endometriotic cysts diagnosed at New York University Medical Center between 1965 and 1979, eleven had pathologically confirmed evidence of infection. These patients were nulliparous and had a mean age of 34.7 years at time of diagnosis and without long histories of endometriosis or pelvic infection. All were anemic. Six patients underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and five patients were treated with conservative surgery. The morbidity of both groups was similar. The latter had a poor prognosis for fertility. Infected endometriotic cysts demonstrate a strong association with concomitant tubal infection and a weaker association with antecedent hysterosalpingography. PMID- 7250403 TI - Ultrastructural changes in endometriotic tissue during danazol treatment. AB - Electron microscopic examinations were carried out on 29 representative endometriotic glands obtained from 16 biopsies. Patients with endometriosis diagnosed by laparoscopy and confirmed by laparoscopic biopsy prior to hormonal treatment received danazol, 800 mg daily. The tissue samples were obtained after 2, 4, and 6 months of usage of the drug to study the ultrastructural effect of this treatment. The glandular epithelium appeared to be arrested in what looked like the late proliferative stage of the normal menstrual cycle. The ciliated cells remained unchanged for the most part. The findings were correlated with possible effects of danazol on the target tissue, but caution is required in the interpretation of ultrastructural effects of steroids until detailed knowledge of the metabolic pathways is available. PMID- 7250400 TI - Adrenergic blocking agents inadequate for nonsurgical male contraception. PMID- 7250405 TI - The function of the corpus luteum of pregnancy in ovulatory dysfunction and luteal phase deficiency. AB - Relatively little knowledge exists of corpus luteum function in early pregnancy after the successful treatment of ovulatory dysfunction or luteal phase deficiency. To assess the activity of the corpus luteum of such patients, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OH-P) levels were determined in serum samples obtained from normal women (44 patients), women with ovulatory dysfunction (10 patients), and women with luteal phase deficiency (7 patients); all determinations were made during conceptive cycles, and sampling continued into the first trimester of pregnancy. There were no statistically significant abnormalities of hCG levels when infertility patients were compared with control patients. According to the premise that 17-OH-P levels reflect corpus luteal function, there appeared to be adequate function in pregnancies after progesterone treatment of luteal phase deficiency. In pregnancies following ovulation induction with clomiphene, the corpus luteum function, on the basis of 17-OH-P levels, was significantly increased in magnitude and duration. These results have clinical implications with regard to supplemental hormone therapy in early pregnancy. PMID- 7250406 TI - Ultrastructural changes in human endometrium with copper and nonmedicated IUDs in utero. AB - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used for a study of the surface and glandular ultrastructure of human endometrium in the presence of different types of IUDs at comparable phases of the menstrual cycle. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of the nonmedicated with the copper and multiload copper devices to further explain the differences in their contraceptive potencies and their mechanism of action. The endometrium was evaluated at and away from the IUD; emphasis was put on the ultrastructure of endometrial gland openings, secretory activity, cellular glycogen content, ciliated cells, microvillous pattern, and kinocilia. The changes of the surface ultrastructure of the endometrium in the presence of copper IUDs were more extensive in this study than those previously reported. There seems to be a direct relationship between the amount of copper incorporated in the device, the degree of ultrastructure changes, and the area of endometrium involved. Copper devices affect the endometrial cells away from the IUD. The altered secretory function with disturbed macroapocrine secretion, the abnormality of ciliated cells, and the defective microvillous growth seem to interfere with the physiologic and functional integrity of the endometrium, reducing the chances of contraception in the presence of copper IUDs. PMID- 7250407 TI - Interpretation of plasma luteinizing hormone assay for the collection of mature oocytes from women: definition of a luteinizing hormone surge-initiating rise. AB - Analysis of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) assays (4 assays per day) permits the discernment of the onset of the physiologic effects of ovulatory release. This threshold value of LH plasma concentration (LH surge-initiating rise, LH SIR) is determined for each cycle in terms of the average baseline level of the previous day. The chronology of follicle and oocyte maturation after LH SIR is similar to that which follows chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration: none of the 20 patients, compared with 2 out of 10, had ovulated when laparoscopy was performed 30 to 35 hours and 36 to 38 hours after LH SIR time, respectively; 1 out of 3, 9 out of 14, and 5 out of 5 patients had an in vitro fertilized egg when oocytes were collected 30 to 32, 33 to 35, and 36 to 38 hours after LH SIR time, respectively. Thus the oocyte can be collected 34 to 35 hours after the LH SIR; at this point ovulation has not occurred and the oocyte is capable of being fertilized. PMID- 7250408 TI - Serum progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin, and prolactin in early pregnancy and a case of spontaneous abortion. AB - Sequential serum samples were obtained from each of seven healthy volunteers whose dates of conception were carefully monitored, with the use of artificial insemination techniques. Progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, beta-hCG, and prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassay, utilizing specific antibodies. Of the seven initial volunteers, six women delivered viable, healthy infants. The seventh woman aborted spontaneously during the 10th week after conception. In the control patients, the levels for beta-hCG rose in a predictable fashion, rising to mean peak levels (10,000 mIU/ml) by the 8th week after conception. Progesterone concentrations gradually increased and plateaued from the 3rd to the 9th week. Mean progesterone values during that time period ranged from 20.6 to 24.6 ng/ml. The mean peak values of 4 ng/ml 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was reached by the 3rd week after conception, gradually declining to luteal levels by the 8th week after conception. Prolactin remained below 30 ng/ml until the 7th week after conception, increasing gradually thereafter. This study failed to show that 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was a reliable marker of corpus luteum function in pregnancy. Endocrine parameters reliably predicted fetal jeopardy in the abortion patient. PMID- 7250409 TI - The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the postcoital test. AB - An analysis was made of postcoital tests carried out on 423 couples attending the Rotunda and St. James Hospitals in Dublin. Initially 66.6% of tests were abnormal, but 21.3% of these were invalid because of the presence of seminal or cervical abnormalities, leaving 57.7% of couples with initially valid negative tests. Retesting showed 30.3% of couples to have persistently negative tests, 24.5% of whom achieved pregnancy. Three per cent of abnormalities were immunologic in origin. The most common cause why a subsequently positive test was initially negative was failure to observe correct clinical procedures, but unadmitted psychosexual problems were present in 17.6% of cases. Of the best postcoital tests, 78.5% correlated well with semen analyses and 90.9% with basal body temperature charts. In total, 6.2% of all pregnancies achieved in the clinics followed postcoital testing. PMID- 7250410 TI - Hammen semen quality classification and pregnancies obtained during a twenty-year follow-up period. AB - The Hammen semen quality classification system is a fertility index with six qualities based on sperm count, assessment of sperm motility, number of immotile spermatozoa, number of abnormal sperm heads, and sperm viability. It was developed by Hammen during the 1940s. In the present study, the fertility of 1077 men classified during the years 1950 to 1952 was assessed after 20 years. There were significant correlations between those obtaining living children (P less than 0.01) and those with good semen quality, and between number of children obtained (P less than 0.001) and good semen quality. Moreover, the time interval between attempts to impregnate and obtainment of pregnancy was correlated (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that the Hammen semen classification system is suitable for assessing male clinical fertility. PMID- 7250411 TI - Asymptomatic bacteriospermia in fertile and infertile men. AB - Bacterial flora of the seminal fluid were examined in 430 asymptomatic men. Fertile men had significantly fewer positive cultures than any other group selected from the infertile population. Significantly more bacterial isolates were obtained from patients with a history of genital tract infection than from infertile men without a history of genital tract infection. Asymptomatic bacteriospermia was significantly more common among patients with a history of gonorrhea infection than in any other studied groups. Ureaplasma was isolated with the highest frequency from patients with nonspecific urethritis and/or with gonorrhea. It is proposed that follow-up seminal fluid cultures should be used to determine the end-point in treating male genital tract infections. PMID- 7250412 TI - Varicocele and male subfertility. AB - Unilateral and bilateral subclinical varicocele was found by internal spermatic venography in 10 of 30 men with stress-pattern semen and normal endocrine profiles. Seven of the 10 had no clinical evidence of varicocele. Right-sided varicocele may be almost as common as varicocele on the left and may be responsible for much of the bilateral effect of clinical left-sided varicocele. Transjugular venography has a low morbidity rate and can be used to clarify the relation between subclinical varicocele and infertility. The technique also permits nonsurgical treatment of varicocele. PMID- 7250413 TI - [Effect of picrotoxin on the receptive fields of cat sensomotor cortex neurons]. AB - Microelectrophoretic application of picrotoxin which is known to reduce inhibition was used for studying inhibitory processes involved in the organization of the sensomotor cortex neurons in cats. The size of the neuronal receptive fields, character of responses and spontaneous activity compared before and after 1 to 3-min application of picrotoxin revealed a considerable enlargening of neuronal receptive fields. The data obtained suggest that inhibition plays a major part in formation of functional properties of neuron. PMID- 7250415 TI - [Protein concentration in the nuclei of brain neurons and neuroglia during an alimentary conditioned reflex]. PMID- 7250414 TI - [Electrophysiologic correlates of interaction between desynchronized and synchronized brain structures during sleep and wakefulness]. AB - The relations of the basal preoptic area to mesencephalic RF, center median of the thalamus, hippocampus and posterior hypothalamus were studied in cats with the aid of positive wave (P-wave) evoked by preoptic stimulation during wakefulness and sleep. In light slow wave sleep, the amplitude and duration of P wave increased for all the structures except hippocampus. Correlation between the P-wave amplitude in hippocampus and the duration of the paradoxical sleep was revealed. In paradoxical sleep, the P-wave of the mesencephalic RF and the center median was reduced as compared to wakefulness. Various functional properties of the P-wave evoked by preoptic stimulation, are discussed. PMID- 7250416 TI - [Changes in the pattern of hippocampal neuron discharge as a reflection of the reinforcement effect in self-stimulation]. AB - Changes of the unit activity patterns occurred in the rabbit dorsal hippocampus after self-stimulation. The changes occurred mostly in the theta-burst neurons and in neurons with reduction of spike amplitudes within each burst of discharges. Spontaneous activity of these neurons revealed bimodal histograms of interspike interval distribution. Within 1--3 sec after the self-stimulation the burst-type activity transformed into the regular or arrhythmic one with monomodal form of histogram. Spontaneously regular and arrhythmic neurons revealed no change of patterns. The findings corroborate the Grshtian hypothesis that the reward effect in self-stimulation is correlated with the motor rebound-effect. Experiments with cessation of reinforcing stimulus suggested a dependence of the burst-type pattern of discharges of the hippocampal neurons on the functional state of expectancy of the reinforcing stimulus. PMID- 7250417 TI - [Desensitization of the isolated rat myometrium to biologically active substances]. AB - The isometric contractile activity of longitudinal myometrial strips of nonpregnant rats (oestrus phase) initiated by acetylcholine, oxitocine and serotonine gradually diminished during continuous and prolonged perfusion with the biologically active substances. The decrease in the contractile activity was due to a loss of sensitivity of the myometrium cells in respect to the substances, which may be regarded as desensitization. The myometrium contractile activity was more stable during intermittent perfusion. The findings suggest that desensitization is a general biological phenomenon only developing in case of interaction of active substances with specific receptors. PMID- 7250419 TI - [Role of antral branches of the vagus nerve in regulating gastric secretion]. PMID- 7250418 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on animal deaths from acute circulatory disorders caused by intense cerebral excitation]. AB - Sound exposure to 100--120 dB caused death of about 6--16% of white rats KM line from the blood circulation disturbances. The hyperbaric oxygenation (2 atm) decreased the death rate among rats of 4 to 15 months old while having no effect upon younger ones (2--4 months old). The rats who died in hyperbaric oxygenation suffered from O2 intoxication more often than those who survived. Administration of caffeine reduced the positive effect of hyperbaric oxygenation. PMID- 7250421 TI - [Temperature gradients in the skin and heat loss in various environmental temperatures]. AB - Increase of the chamber temperature from 15 degrees to 30 degrees C induced a significant drop in the heat emission and in temperature gradients on the rabbit nose, back and abdomen skin (1.0--1.2 and 2.0--2.5 mm from the surface). The revealed reduction of the temperature gradient values is within limits of thermoreceptor sensitivity. One can assume that the thermoreceptors situated on different skin layers are able to measure the temperature gradients (i. e. the heat flows). PMID- 7250420 TI - [Dietary regulation of the catalytic activity and regulatory properties of intestinal dipeptide hydrolases]. PMID- 7250422 TI - [Age and changes in the distribution of iodine in animals]. PMID- 7250423 TI - [Steady potential dynamics of rabbit hypothalamic structures in the early stages of the development of an immune response]. PMID- 7250424 TI - [Principle of the determinant]. PMID- 7250425 TI - [Responses of pericruciate cortex neurons to stimulation of the hypothalamus and reticular formation]. AB - Neurons of the pericruciate cortex revealed a high degree of reactivity to stimulation of posterior hypothalamus (HP) and mesencephalic reticular formation (RF)--94 and 88% resp., and a marked convergence of upward discharges from HP and RF (73.5%) in anesthetized and immobilized cats. Latency and unit responses (2.4- 4.0 msec) suggested a monosynaptic input from the two subcortical structures. Out of the corticofugal neurons activated antidromically, 27% were of the "divergent" type with collaterals in both the HP and RF and, therefore, reacting antidromically to stimulation of these structures. A predominance of cortical antidromic responses to stimulation of HP suggested a greater corticofugal influence on hypothalamic rather than on reticular neurons (84% and 42.3% resp.). Mean latency of antidromic reaction of cortico--hypothalamic neurons was 2.4 +/- 0.2 msec (0.8--6.0 msec), of cortico--reticular neurons--3.2 +/- 0.3 msec (1.0- 6.0 msec). The conduction velocity (12.5 m/sec) was the same for both the HP and RF. Characteristics of neuronal organization of hypothalamo--cortical and reticulo--cortical systems of integration are discussed. PMID- 7250427 TI - [Asymmetry of cat visual cortex potentials]. AB - EPs in response to weak and strong stimuli at 200 points of visual cortex in both hemispheres were recorded in acute experiments on 80 anesthetized cats. Individual and species asymmetry of EP in visual cortex was characterized by its bilateral origin, mosaic localization and time stability. Transection of corpus callosum decreased a slight asymmetry and augmented a strong one. The interaction of endogenous and exogenous asymmetries augments the general asymmetry, particularly with a stimulus in a sagital plane. The data obtained suggest a hemispheric specialization in animals. PMID- 7250428 TI - [Cortisol weakening of hippocampal neuron response during self stimulation]. AB - In unrestrained rabbits, the majority of dorsal hippocampus' neurons changed their firing rate immediately after cessation of electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. Microionophoretic application of cortisol inhibited the excitatory responses selectively and intensified the inhibitory responses unspecifically. Cortisol seems to affect the hippocampal neurons via different mechanisms depending on the level of their excitability and the transmitters involving them into the integrative function of the positive reinforcement. PMID- 7250426 TI - [Electrophysiologic and neurochemical characteristics of cultured cortical neuroblasts from newborn rats]. AB - The neuroblasts of the newborn rat cortex continued to be differentiated in cultured tissue judging by growth of the MP, the possibility of its recording during a longer time (10--15 min) and the transmitter sensitivity. At a certain stage of the differentiation the heterogeneity of the morphologically uniform neuroblasts is manifested by the obvious difference between MP values and patterns, by the presence of neuroblasts with stable and fluctuating MPs, and by the variety of responses to application of ACh and GABA. The neuroblasts at a rather early stage of their development revealed absence of AP, lesser MPs, reduced sensitivity to ions, no transmitter sensitivity. PMID- 7250429 TI - [Distribution of direction-rate of movement neurons in frog optic tectum structures]. AB - The neurons related to movement direction--velocity are equally distributed in the tectum opticum layers with representation in the latters of sensory, associative and effector structures which suggests equal participation of these structures in estimation of parameters of the visual stimulus movement. In the tectum opticum neurons, the inhibition restricting the excitation, seems to facilitate responses of separate groups of neurons related to analysis of direction--velocity parameters. PMID- 7250431 TI - [Changes in the diameter of frog submaxillary muscle arterioles in response to stimulation of trigeminal nerve fibers]. PMID- 7250432 TI - [Mechanisms of neutral red transport through the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract]. AB - The conditions of the passage of neutral red into the cavity of gastro- intestinal tract were investigated during the atropine blockade of the stomach secretory activity in the dogs with fundal, antral and duodenal fistulas. The neutral red begins to cross the gastric mucosa only after the PH of the perfusing solution has achieved 2.5 and for intestine--5.0. The intensity of the neutral red passage increases with further decrease of the perfusing solution pH. During perfusion of acid solutions through the stomach and particularly through the duodenum, retrodiffusion of H+ occurs into the mucosa. The excretion of neutral red into the cavity of gastro--intestinal tract seems to be a process of passive diffusion. The role of the H+ retrodiffusion in this process is discussed. PMID- 7250430 TI - [Electrical responses recorded in the subdiaphragmatic branches of the vagus nerve upon stimulation of a splanchnic nerve]. AB - Electrical responses of the vagus different branches to a single stimulus applied to the left major splanchnic nerve studied inq--chloralose--treated cats (70 mg/kg). Reflex responses in efferent fibers revealed different conduction velocities: 21.8; 4,5; 1.7 and 0.39 m/sec. The responses persisted after transection of both vagal cervical trunks, spinal cord at the 1st thoracic segment, and after i. v. administration of ganglioblocking agents hexonium or benzohexonium (1--2 mg/kg). The responses disappeared on increase in the stimulation rate to 20/sec and were facilitated after a preliminary series of stimuli. The data obtained suggest that the reflex arch is relayed on the cerebrospinal level and that at least three kinds of preganglionic sympathetic efferent fibers carry reflex firing. PMID- 7250433 TI - [Somato-autonomic coupling in the central command to move]. PMID- 7250435 TI - [Technic for measuring capillary hydrostatic pressure in organs and tissues]. PMID- 7250434 TI - [Thrombelastographic technic for studying the contractile properties of blood platelets]. PMID- 7250437 TI - [The 54th Congress of the Japan Endocrine Society. Abstracts]. PMID- 7250438 TI - Double congenital fistulae between esophagus and tracheobronchus in the adult. PMID- 7250436 TI - [Microrespirometer for determining the amount of oxygen consumed by tissues]. PMID- 7250439 TI - The view box: the C.T. scan in tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 7250440 TI - [Symposium on skin tumors in children. Ghent, 17-18 November 1978]. PMID- 7250441 TI - [Skin lymphoma in children. Clinical course in 5 cases]. PMID- 7250442 TI - [Pseudolymphoma]. PMID- 7250443 TI - [Pseudolymphoma in childhood]. PMID- 7250444 TI - [Cat-scratch disease]. PMID- 7250445 TI - "Malignant lymphoma" with favourable outcome. PMID- 7250446 TI - Reticulohistiocytoma. PMID- 7250447 TI - Clinical cases presented by the Department of Dermatology, University of Ghent, Belgium. PMID- 7250448 TI - [Case reports of rare tumors in children]. PMID- 7250449 TI - [Melanoma in childhood]. PMID- 7250450 TI - [Fibromatosis in children]. PMID- 7250451 TI - [Malignant melanoma in children (clinical cases)]. PMID- 7250452 TI - [Melanoma in children. Apropos of 7 cases difficult to interpret]. PMID- 7250453 TI - [A case of malignant melanoma in a child]. PMID- 7250454 TI - Detection and possible pathogenic role of circulating immune complexes in skin tumours of children. PMID- 7250455 TI - 'Papillomatose papuleuse confluente et reticulee Gougerot-Carteaud'--a further form of skin amyloidosis? PMID- 7250456 TI - Syndrome of ichthyosis congenita, neurosensory deafness, oligophrenia, dental aplasia, brachydactyly, clinodactyly, accessory cervical ribs and carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - We report the case of a 15-year-old girl with a uneventful family history. Her skin condition was clinically, histologically and ultrastructurally compatible with the diagnosis of ichthyosis congenita. She suffered from neurosensory deafness and oligophrenia. Further findings included dental aplasia, brachydactyly, clinodactyly and accessory cervical ribs. At the age of 14, a thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed. Therapy with a retinoid derivative (Ro 10-9359) resulted in a marked improvement of the ichthyosis. We assume a genetic syndrome with autosomal-recessive inheritance. PMID- 7250458 TI - In vivo measurements of iron, copper and zinc in the skin of prurigo nodularis patients treated with thalidomide. AB - The concentration of iron, cooper and zinc in the skin of patients with prurigo nodularis was measured by diagnostic X-ray spectrometry before and after treatment with thalidomide. Before treatment, larger skin lesions were associated with significantly higher zinc levels and higher iron levels than the smaller ones. Upon treatment the zinc and iron content in these lesions decreased towards normal range. Copper values were found to be within the normal range in lesions before and after thalidomide treatment. PMID- 7250457 TI - In vitro availability profiles of oral methoxsalen commercial products. AB - The in vitro release rate of methoxsalen from three commercially available tablets and an experimental tablet were evaluated at pH 2 and 7, using the USP dissolution test. The experimental tablet and one commercial product showed that 74% of the labeled amount is released in 1 h and almost completely released after 3 h at pH 2 and 7. Two products showed that only 12 and 10% of the labeled amount was released in 1 h and a maximum of 25 and 23% after 3 h at pH 2. At pH 7, the percent released from these two products were slightly higher. These results correlate with the reported clinical effectiveness of one of the products showing fast methoxsalen release. Since exposure to long-wave UV radiation is carried out 1-3 h following methoxsalen oral administration, delayed release might explain the failure of some products to give satisfactory clinical results. PMID- 7250459 TI - Immune phenomena in patients with pustular bacterid. AB - In 20 patients with histologically confirmed pustular bacterid of immunological status was checked including lymphocyte and granulocyte components of the cellular immune system as well as HLA typing. For comparison the same investigations were carried out in 20 healthy controls. In contrast to the controls, in the group of patients the chemotactic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes as well as their ability to engulf either vital or heat-inactivated Candida albicans cells was found to be slightly impaired (p less than or equal to 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Killing of C. albicans cells by polymorphonuclear leukocytes were strikingly impaired (p less than or equal to 0.001). NADPH dependent oxidase activity, however, was found to be normal. Impairment of chemotaxis and killing activity could not be substantiated in AB pool serum, thus a serum-dependent disorder of granulocyte function has to be assumed. Lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin was reduced in all patients, whereas intracutaneous test reactivity to microbial antigens was normal. T and B cell counts in peripheral blood were within normal range. HLA typing revealed a significantly increased prevalence rate of HLA-B14 as compared with the control group and other patients. PMID- 7250460 TI - Mast cells in Behcet's disease: ultrastructural and histamine content studies. AB - In order to assess the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of mucocutaneous lesions of Behcet's disease, the following investigations were performed: (1) a comparative study of ultrastructural features of mast cells in spontaneous and reactive (pathergic) lesions of the process and in apparently uninvolved skin of patients in the active stage of the disease; (2) comparative estimation of the histamine content at the site of cutaneous hyperreactivity lesions and in apparently uninvolved skin of the same patients. Various forms and degrees of degranulation were revealed among the mast cells. These forms were obviously more frequent in spontaneous and reactive lesions than in the uninvolved skin, 66 and 56% as compared with 7.7%. Also the histamine content was twofold more in the reactive lesions than in the unaffected skin of the same patient, 43 ng/mg tissue as compared with 21 ng/mg tissue. The results of our study seem suggestive of an active role of mast cells in this process. The role is probably similar to that of basophils in cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity. PMID- 7250461 TI - Effect of topical diflumidone on ultraviolet-light-induced erythema. AB - The relative topical efficacy of indomethacin and diflumidone, a novel non steroidal antiinflammatory drug, for the suppression of ultraviolet-light (290 320 nm region; UVB)-induced erythema has been compared in a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study in man. During the early phases of erythema development (3-6 h) following the administration of 3 minimal erythema doses (MED) of UVB, a single topical application of diflumidone and of indomethacin were found to be equal in their ability to inhibit the development of erythema compared to untreated or placebo-treated sites. At 24 h after application, the indomethacin-treated sites had significantly less erythema than did the diflumidone-treated sites. Pigmentation of test sites at 5 and 14 days following irradiation was indistinguishable at the diflumidone, placebo, or untreated sites, but relatively less pigment developed at the indomethacin-treated sites. PMID- 7250462 TI - Lupus vulgaris of the oral mucosa. Report of 4 cases associated with asymptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - 4 cases of lupus vulgaris of the oral mucosa were found to be associated with asymptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis. The patients presented with single or multiple ulcerations of the mouth with an irregular periphery and a granular vegetative fundus. The diagnosis was established histologically and by the favorable and rapid response of the oral lesions to the antituberculosis therapy. PMID- 7250464 TI - Pilomatricomas: association with myotonic dystrophy. AB - The association of pilomatricomas with myotonic dystrophy is rare. The following is the 11th case. Some clinical characteristic features suggest that patients with myotonic dystrophy have a predisposition to develop pilomatricomas. PMID- 7250465 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitic urticaria. Effect of dapsone and complement levels. AB - Dapsone 100 mg daily led to a rapid and complete clearing of extensive vasculitic urticarial lesions in a female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Complement determinations revealed an intensive activation of the classical pathway before dapsone therapy. Normalization of CH50, C1 and C2 occurred during the treatment, whereas C3 and C4 remained lowered. PMID- 7250466 TI - On the influence of X-ray irradiation and photochemotherapy with 8 methoxypsoralen on the sebaceous gland of the Syrian hamster ear. AB - 30 male Syrian hamsters were X-ray irradiated on 1 ear with 500 rad (Dermopan 2; setting 3; tissue half value thickness, 7.5 mm). 30 other animals were treated locally on one ear with an emulsion containing 0.15% 8-methoxypsoralen and then with UV A (10 treatments in 23 days; total UV A dose, 5.0 J/cm20. The other ear served as control. An in vivo double-labelling autoradiography with 3H- and 14C thymidine was carried out on half of the animals of each group. The other half was administered 3H-thymidine and the number of labelled cells still in contact with the basal lamina of the sebaceous gland after 6 days was determined. The effects of X-ray irradiation and photochemotherapy are identical. Cell proliferation in the sebaceous gland was reduced, the length of the S phase was shortened, and the number of marked cells still in contact with the basal lamina after 6 days was decreased. PMID- 7250463 TI - Increased frequency of multiple primary melanomas in hereditary familial melanoma. AB - Multiple primary melanomas can be observed in a frequency of 1-4% in melanoma patients, while they obviously occur more frequently in hereditary familial melanoma. In every 8th patient with an--in itself rare--hereditary familial melanoma a development of two or more primary melanomas has to be expected. Casuistically, a family is reported where a 14-year-old girl died of malignant melanoma, whose mother later on developed two primary malignant melanomas in an interval of 2 years. PMID- 7250468 TI - [Percutaneous absorption of triamcinolone 16 alpha, 17 alpha cyclopentylene-dioxy 21-acetate (author's transl)]. AB - The authors try to estimate the percutaneous absorption of a new corticosteroid, derived from triamcinolone: Amcinonide, which is presented as a cream and 0.1% ointment. The study was carried out on 13 patients; cream was applied to 5 of them under occlusive dressings during 48 h, 4 other had ordinary topical applications of the cream, and the 4 remaining patients were treated with the ointment. The parameters studied were 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxysteroids in the 24-hour urine, daily sodium and potassium urinary elimination, plasma cortisol levels and ACTH stimulation test before and after treatment. Only extensive occlusive plastic dressings (50--90% of the body area) lead to a temporary decrease in the activity of the pituitary adrenal system (lowering of the 17-hydroxysteroids in the 24-hour urine in all patients, lowering of the normal adrenocortical response after stimulation with exogenous ACTH in 1 patient). On the other hand, the elimination of urinary ions is not significantly modified. With ordinary topical application of cream or ointment no systemic effect could be observed. PMID- 7250470 TI - [Localized chronic plasmocytic balanitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7250467 TI - Effect of grenz rays on psoriasis treated with local cortcosteroids. PMID- 7250471 TI - [Study of the correlation between transepidermal water loss and percutaneous penetration of steroid (author's transl)]. AB - Modifications of transepidermal water loss due to repeated topical applications of water/oil emulsion, salicylic acid and urea, with and without occlusion, were studied on the forearms of healthy volunteers. Percutaneous absorption of three different corticosteroids was evaluated by means of the bleaching test on each treated area. It was shown that only salicylic acid significantly increased transepidermal water loss. This increase was positively correlated with an increase in the percutaneous absorption of corticosteroids. Thus it seems that a comparative evaluation of the percutaneous absorption of topical treatments in normal and lesional skin may be obtained, in vivo in man, by nonaggressive comparative evaluation of transepidermal water loss. PMID- 7250472 TI - Sensitivity to endogenous progesterone. Report of a case. AB - A patient with a cyclic premenstrual eruption, clearing spontaneously with the menstrual flow, is reported. Hypersensitivity to endogenous progesterone in this case was confirmed by positive intradermal and leukocyte migration inhibition tests. Treatment with conjugated estrogens was followed by remission of symptoms. The importance of awareness to the possibility of progesterone autoimmune mechanisms is emphasized. PMID- 7250469 TI - [Primary centrocytic lymphoma of the skin: diagnosis, course and therapy (author's transl)]. AB - A primary B-cell lymphoma of the skin is described, showing the clinical picture of a lymphadenosis cutis circumscripta. According to the Kiel classification, it has been classified as a centrocytic lymphoma (centrocytoma) belonging to the low grade malignancy group. The centrocytoma is a newly defined type of lymphoma which is not identical with any earlier entity of lymphoreticular neoplasia. Although the centrocytoma is said to occur relatively often in the skin, the present case report seems to be the first clinical description of this variant. In our patient a solitary tumor of the face was found, which had slowly enlarged since 3 1/2 years. No lymph node and no systemic involvement were detectable. With a telecobalt-60 treatment up to a total of 40 Gy (= 4,000 rad) a complete involution could be achieved without recurrence 6 months after radiotherapy had been finished. In contrast to the centrocytoma of lymphonodal origin, the primary cutaneous type may obviously remain localized for a long time with low tendency to progression. PMID- 7250473 TI - Erythroplakia of Queyrat of the oral mucosa. A report of 2 cases. AB - 2 cases of erythroplakia of Queyrat of the oral mucosa are presented. In both cases the disease presented as the clinical variety of erythroplakia known as "speckled erythroplakia'. In both cases invasive squamous cell carcinoma developed and was fatal in one. The histologic features which support the view that erythroplakia of Queyrat is a different entity from Bowen's disease are emphasized. PMID- 7250474 TI - Familial koilonychia. PMID- 7250476 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma during local and general steroid therapy for psoriasis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a new case of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with psoriasis. The patient (a 68-year-old Nord-African man) had suffered from psoriasis for 14 years and had applied local betamethasone or fluocinolone for 125 months when Kaposi's sarcoma occurred. The association between these two diseases is discussed. The role of local steroid therapy and the immunological abnormality occurring in psoriasis are analyzed in order to explain the association between psoriasis and Kaposi's sarcoma or other malignant diseases. PMID- 7250477 TI - Periocular dermatitis: a micropapular sarcoid-like granulomatous dermatitis in a woman. PMID- 7250475 TI - Treatment of psoriasis by oral PUVA therapy combined with aromatic retinoid (Ro 10-9359; Tigason). AB - The authors discuss results observed in 126 patients affected with severe psoriasis covering more than 40% of the whole body area, some of them representing failures of oral photochemotherapy (PUVA). They were treated according to 5 different schedules, 3 of them combining aromatic retinoid Ro 10 9359 (AR) with PUVA therapy. The most effective results were obtained with a schedule entailing initial treatment for a 2-week period with AR only, followed on the 15th day by the adjunction of classic PUVA therapy with progressive daily decrease of AR dosage (schedule C). It was possible to reduce the frequency and duration of PUVA treatments and the amount of energy used although to a lesser degree than described by other authors. Even more important, far longer remissions were obtained than with PUVA therapy alone, even where the ratio of clearing was identical. This combination therapy made it possible to recover over 70% of the complete or relative failures of PUVA monotherapy. Thus the combination of AR + PUVA therapy (RE-PUVA) as in this schedule appears to be the most important improvement ot PUVA since its introduction as a therapy for psoriasis. PMID- 7250478 TI - [Sexual dysfunction and disordered carbohydrate metabolism (author's transl)]. AB - Sexual impotence with inability to produce erection is a frequent accompaniment of diabetes. Only exceptionally however is impotence complained of as a symptom. Though in no direct sense a danger to the patient's life, impotence is sometimes a source of major distress and, in a few exceptional cases, may lead to suicide. It is therefore important to distinguish the different mechanisms underlying impotence, and in particular to differentiate psychogenic mechanisms, far more relevant than formerly thought in diabetic patients, from organic mechanisms, in particular neuropathic and vascular, uncommonly, endocrine. Besides cases of unequivocal diabetes, there is an abnormally high proportion of patients suffering from "psychogenic" impotence affecting erection who have impaired glucose tolerance. In such patients the disordered metabolism could reflect at neuroendocrine level the existence of neuro-psychological dysfunction, either a cause or a consequence of the impotence. A second possibility is that the metabolic disorder directly impairs neurological function, resulting in neuropathic impotence. Clearer understanding of the complex mechanisms relating disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism to sexual impotence requires multidisciplinary approaches. Such arrangements are necessary for the planning and conduct of schemes of treatment involving to varying extents the special approaches of psychology, sexology, endocrinology, urology and vascular surgery. The success of such treatment will depend largely upon the quality of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach which requires individualised planning. PMID- 7250479 TI - Developmental arrest of mouse tooth germs in vitro by 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine (DON). AB - Molars and incisors were excised from the mandibles of 15-day-old mouse embryos and explanted to agar-solidified Eagle's basal medium with 10% fetal calf serum and to medium containing 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine (DON), a glutamine analog which inhibits glycoprotein and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. The concentration of DON ranged from 5-100 microgram/ml; the lowest dose at which consistent results were obtained was 75 microgram/ml. At the end of a 4-day culture period, controls displayed characteristic incisiform or molariform morphologies and possessed odontoblasts and preameloblasts. The growth and development of DON-treated germs, however, was arrested and such germs remained morphologically and histologically similar to the developmental state attained at the time of explantation. DON treated germs also contained less abundant Alcian blue staining material than controls. Development arrest by DON was prevented by addition of glutamine but not by glucosamine or the purine analog amino imidazol carboximine. Suppressed germs resumed normal development when removed from medium containing 75 microgram/ml of DON to control medium. These results suggest that glycoprotein or glycosaminoglycans play a role in epithelial-mesenchymal inductive interactions. PMID- 7250480 TI - Interactions between human lymphoblastoid cells and human fibroblast feeder layers in vitro. AB - Lymphoblastoid (LB) cells interact in vitro with human fibroblasts. Cell complexes can be dissociated by trypsin treatment. Binding on fibroblasts is higher for Epstein-Barr virus-producer LB cells than for nonproducers, and depends on the origin of the fibroblastic cells. Stromal fibroblasts isolated from a metastatic lymph node tumor exhibited a highly increased potency of binding LB cells in comparison with fibroblasts isolated from normal breast epidermis or the primary breast tumor from the same patient. After a 10-hour interaction period, LB cells undergo abnormal divisions giving rise to the formation of 'mini cells'. PMID- 7250481 TI - Multicellular tumor spheroids of human colon carcinoma origin. Kinetic analysis of infiltration and in situ destruction in a xenogeneic (murine) host. AB - The relationship between destruction and concomitant host cell infiltration of human tumor xenografts has been quantitatively investigated by using the multicellular tumor spheroid model. Multicellular tumor spheroids of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells were grown in vitro and subsequently implanted in the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice. At various times thereafter, spheroids were recovered and dissociated and their viability was quantitatively assessed by using a clonogenic assay. Little damage to spheroids was observed during the initial 4 days after implantation, but essentially complete destruction (greater than 99% reduction in clonogenic tumor cells) occurred between days 4 and 7. In parallel studies, host cell infiltration was assessed by light and electron microscopy both in situ on sections and on dissociated suspensions of spheroid cells. The data demonstrate the value of utilizing a model system in which both functional and morphological techniques can be combined in a quantitative assessment of the relationship between host cell infiltration and graft destruction in situ. PMID- 7250483 TI - [Effect of D-(-)-norgestrel on uterine contractility in the puerperium (author's transl)]. AB - It is usual for women to ask for temporary control of fertility during the puerperium. When hormonal therapy is administered, the selection of the adequate pill is very important. The effect of D-(-)-norgestrel 300mg was studied on uterine contractility values during puerperium is seven patients breast feeding and was compared with a control group of 26. The 33 patients had the following characteristics: multiparous during puerperium without recent episiotomy, with healthy cervix, absence of genital septic focus, uterine tumours or malformations; all of them breast feeding. In the hypothesis, it was considered that the endogenous oxytocin increases and stimulates the mammary mioepithelium and uterine contractilities. For recording uterine contractility, the technique of Jaumandreu and Hendricks was used. The recordings were made during 24 hours postpartum, and at 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days with a duration 2 to 3 hours. All the studies were longitudinal. The changes of the human uterine contractility during normal puerperium were estimated. The range of the tonus was 22--41 mm Hg, the intensity 5--18 mm Hg, the frequency 17--23 contractions in 10 minutes, and the uterine activity 102--223 Montevideo Units. In the control group the following results were obtained: The range of the tonus was 24--34 mm Hg, the intensity 9--16 mm Hg, the frequency 17--37 contractions in 10 minutes, and the uterine contractility 137--524 Montevideo Units. In the comparative study Student's t test was used and p estimated. PMID- 7250482 TI - Correlation between in vitro DNA synthesis, DNA strand separation and in vivo multiplication of cancer cells. AB - The chemicals 9, 10-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), ethionine, daunorubicin, actinomycin D, 1-(2-chloroethyl-1)-nitrosourea (CCNU), steroids, croton oil and dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) were used in order to correlate their effect on the in vitro synthesis of normal and cancer DNA, on DNA strand separation and on accelerated in vivo multiplication of cancer cells. All of the compounds tested strongly stimulate the synthesis of cancer DNA in vitro catalyzed by DNA dependent DNA polymerase I and measured as an acid-precipitable labeled product. Under the same conditions, the synthesis of DNA originating from healthy tissues is only slightly enhanced, except in the case of croton oil and DMSO. These substances are almost equally active on cancer and normal DNA. Although both cancer and normal DNA contain a large amount of double-stranded regions, the extent of DNA strand separation measured by the increase in UV absorbance (hyperchromicity) in the presence of each compound tested is much higher for all cancer DNA than for corresponding normal DNA. In contrast, DMSO and croton oil do not appear to distinguish cancer DNA from normal DNA. Additive and differential effects of various compounds on cancer DNA strand separation can be observed. Small doses of DMBA and CCNU stimulate the multiplication of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vivo in mice. There is thus a possible correlation between DNA strand separation, DNA synthesis, multiplication and differentiation of cancer cells in the presence of the above compounds, which is different from the response of normal cells to these compounds. PMID- 7250484 TI - Correlation between incremental changes of oestradiol-17 beta and prolactin during the menstrual cycle by means of multiple plasma sampling. AB - Incremental changes of circulating oestradiol-17 beta (E2) and prolactin (PRL) at midcycle and in the luteal phase were studied in 7 healthy young women by means of multiple plasma sampling over a longer period of time. The mean E2 and PRL levels were significantly higher at both times of assessment than in the follicular phase (p less than 0.001). Rapid fluctuations of both E2 and PRL levels were observed; amplitude of E2 fluctuations was increased at higher mean E2 plasma levels. Regression analysis showed a significant correlation (r = 0.62; p less than 0.01) between the incremental changes of E2 and PRL levels at midcycle and in the luteal phase. The present data shows that changes in the plasma levels of E2, and perhaps in the amplitude of the fluctuations, play a crucial role in the regulation of PRL secretion and release during the normal menstrual cycle. PMID- 7250485 TI - Treatment of chronic anovulation and corpus luteum deficiency with epimestrol. AB - Ten patients presenting with anovulatory syndrome (AS, 4 patients), inadequate luteal phase (ILP, 3 patients) and short luteal phase (SLP, 3 patients) were treated with epimestrol for 29 cycles in total. The initial treatment was always 10 mg/day for 10 days followed by a modification of the daily dose and/or length of treatment needed. Ovulation was induced in all 4 AS patients with an adequate luteal phase (ALP) in 3 of them. In all other patients (with ILP and SLP) an ALP was induced; 2 of them became pregnant. No side-effects were reported. PMID- 7250486 TI - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in silkmoth-wing epidermis after hormone treatment. AB - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity of wing epidermal tissue from the silkmoth, Antheraea polyphemus, has been studied after treatment of pupae with either molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone or 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone. Enzyme activity has been measured both on endogenous template in isolated nuclei and on exogenous template after solubilization and correlated with transcriptional activity measured as the incorporation of [3H]uridine into RNA. Within 4 h of either hormonal regimen, increases in nuclear transcriptional activity for enzymes I and II are observed. Maximal nuclear activity for both enzyme classes was observed at 26 h. Solubilized enzyme activity, on the other hand, increased continuously up to 144 h. The increase in enzyme activity at 26 h, and probably earlier, is dependent on both RNA and protein synthesis, indicating that the increase is not a consequence of the activation of inactive molecules, but requires the synthesis of either new enzyme molecules or effector molecules. Application of 20-hydroxyecdysone + juvenile hormone does not significantly affect nuclear RNA polymerase activity, rates of RNA synthesis or even RNA content during the first 26 h. However, JH causes significant diminution in the rise of solubilized activity observed with 20-hydroxyecdysone. This reduction is not a consequence of diminished protein content. Therefore, the number of active RNA polymerase molecules appears not to directly correspond to the rate of RNA synthesis. PMID- 7250487 TI - Stimulation by oestradiol of soluble-protein synthesis in rat hypothalamus. AB - The effect of oestradiol treatment on protein synthesis in the cytosol fraction (10(5) g supernatant) from ovariectomized mature and developing female rat hypothalami were studied. Results obtained on adults by double-label technique and SDS polyacrylamide gel or cellogel electrophoresis show that, as in the uterus, oestradiol-induced protein synthesis (IP) occurred in the cytosol fraction of the hypothalamus. The molecular weight of IP was about 40 000 dalton. During postnatal development, IP was also observed in cytosol fractions from the hypothalami of female rats 14, 21 and 28 days old. No clear-cut effect of oestradiol was found in the 7-day-old animals. PMID- 7250489 TI - The spatial distribution of hyaluronic acid and mesenchymal condensation in the embryonic chick wing. PMID- 7250488 TI - Diethylpyrocarbonate inhibition of estradiol receptor binding to oligonucleotides. AB - Exposure of calf uterine estradiol-receptor complexes to diethylpyrocarbonate (ethoxyformic anhydride) at pH 6.3-6.5 results in a decrease in the ability of the receptor to bind to oligodeoxyribonucleotides. The inhibition of binding to oligodeoxypyrimidines is greater than the inhibition of binding to oligodeoxyguanylate. The inhibition by 6.6 mM diethylpyrocarbonate is complete within 10 min at 4 degrees C. Addition of equimolar quantities of histidine or imidazole prior to exposure to diethylpyrocarbonate prevents subsequent inhibition of oligodeoxyribonucleotide binding. In comparison to histidine, other amino acids tested were deficient in this ability. Diethylpyrocarbonate modification of the receptor causes complete loss of oligodeoxyribonucleotide binding activity at times when there is a loss of less than 20% of bound steroid. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate treatment of receptor does not prevent subsequent modification by diethylpyrocarbonate, suggesting that the site of reaction is not an essential lysine of the DNA-binding domain. Treatment of the ethoxyformylated receptor with 0.45 M hydroxylamine results in recovery of 70% of the receptor's oligonucleotide-binding ability. The time course of the reaction of diethylpyrocarbonate with the estradiol receptor and the demonstration of hydroxylamine reversal of inhibition suggest that histidine is involved in the binding of estradiol receptor to oligodeoxyribonucleotides. PMID- 7250491 TI - Developing nervous tissue induces formation of blood-brain barrier characteristics in invading endothelial cells: a study using quail--chick transplantation chimeras. PMID- 7250492 TI - Genetic analysis of temperature-sensitive embryogenesis mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID- 7250490 TI - Pattern triplications produced by a cell-lethal mutation in Drosophila. PMID- 7250493 TI - Clonal analysis of two wing-scalloping mutants of Drosophila. PMID- 7250494 TI - The multiple subunits of discoidin I are encoded by different genes. PMID- 7250495 TI - Quantification of fertilization-induced gamete changes and sperm entry without egg activation in a teleost egg. PMID- 7250496 TI - The effect of thyroxine on transparency and PAPS synthesis in the avian cornea. PMID- 7250497 TI - A hydrogen peroxide block to polyspermy in the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata. PMID- 7250498 TI - Changes in cell surface proteins during differentiation of mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. PMID- 7250499 TI - Development decrease in neurite extension in cultured chick embryo retina and spinal cord neurons. PMID- 7250501 TI - Oriented extracellular channels and axonal guidance in the embryonic chick retina. PMID- 7250500 TI - Critical periods in the development of the Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larva. PMID- 7250503 TI - H1 histone variants in Xenopus laevis. PMID- 7250504 TI - Translational regulation of delta-crystallin synthesis during lens development in the chicken embryo. PMID- 7250502 TI - Membrane properties of cultured rat sympathetic neurons: morphological studies of adrenergic and cholinergic differentiation. PMID- 7250505 TI - Sorting out of coaggregated brain cell types mediated by specific cell recognition factors in vitro. I. Experimental histogenesis and quantitative analysis. PMID- 7250506 TI - Expression of embryonic hemoglobin genes in mice heterozygous for alpha thalassemia or beta-duplication traits and in mice heterozygous for both traits. PMID- 7250507 TI - The effect of cortisol on rabbit fetal lung maturation in vitro. PMID- 7250508 TI - Cholinergic neuronotrophic factors. VI. Age-dependent requirements by chick embryo ciliary ganglionic neurons. PMID- 7250510 TI - Development of the simple cellular slime mode Dictyostelium minutum. PMID- 7250511 TI - Autonomy of "nullipotent" and pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells in differentiating aggregates. PMID- 7250509 TI - Retinal ganglion cell death and regeneration of abnormal retinotectal projections after removal of a segment of optic nerve in Xenopus tadpoles. PMID- 7250512 TI - Changes in the organization of the mouse egg plasma membrane upon fertilization and first cleavage: indications from the lateral diffusion rates of fluorescent lipid analogs. PMID- 7250513 TI - The formation and distribution of intercellular junctions in the rhesus monkey optic cup: the early development of the cilio-iridic and sensory retinas. PMID- 7250514 TI - Rates of ribosomal protein and total protein synthesis during Drosophila early embryogenesis. PMID- 7250515 TI - Avian parasympathetic neurotrophic factors: age-related increases and lack of regional specificity. PMID- 7250516 TI - Analysis of development and growth in a mutant of Physarum polycephalum with defective cytokinesis. PMID- 7250517 TI - An analysis of compartmentalization in pattern duplications induced by a cell lethal mutation in Drosophila. PMID- 7250518 TI - Activity and distribution of lysosomal enzymes during collagenous matrix-induced cartilage, bone, and bone marrow development. PMID- 7250520 TI - Ontogeny of control over the acoustic startle reflex by visual prestimulation in the rat. AB - In Experiment I, rats 13-35 days of age were presented with acoustic startle stimuli in conjunction with light flashes or noise bursts at 4-320 msec lead times. Inhibition of the startle reflex by leading noise bursts was present on Days 13-15, whereas light flashes were not effective until Days 21-23. In Experiment II, 3 intensities of noise and 3 intensities of light preceded the reflex-eliciting stimuli on Days 16 and 35. All intensities of noise were effective on Day 16, whereas no visual stimuli were. On Day 35, all stimuli were effective. These data reveal that intrinsic visual structures and/or connections between these structures and reflex-control mechanisms mature relatively late in the rat. PMID- 7250521 TI - The ontogeny of play in rats. AB - Play behavior, as indicated by frequency and duration of pinning behavior, was studied in young rats between 18 and 64 days of age. The incidence of play was markedly increased by social isolation. Play increased from 18-28 days of age, peaked between 32 and 40 days of age, and gradually declined thereafter. Animals developed stable "dominance hierarchies" during the course of testing so that one animal pinned the other on the average 70% of the time. Also "dominant" animals exhibited the longer pin durations. The data indicate that social play can be efficiently studied in the laboratory rat and, further, that one function of play may be to establish stable social relationships. PMID- 7250519 TI - Peer and maternal influences on the expression of foot-clasp mounting by juvenile male rhesus monkeys. AB - The display of adultlike foot-clasp mounts by male rhesus monkeys occurs during the 1st year of life in animals reared with their mothers in social groups where peer interaction is possible 24 hr per day. In contrast, this form of mount is rarely displayed if infants are separated from their mothers at 3 months of age and allowed daily .5-hr periods for peer interaction. To distinguish between maternal and peer access-time influences upon the development of this response, we housed rhesus monkeys with their mothers and allowed either .5-hr or 24-hr daily access to peers in the presence of their mothers during the 1st year of life. Male infants restricted to .5-hr periods with peers rarely or never foot clasp-mounted peers, although 3 of 6 males foot-clasp-mounted their mothers. In contrast, males given 24-hr access to peers regularly mounted peers using the foot-clasp mount. Males from the 2 groups did not differ in total frequencies of all mount types displayed, only in the display of foot-clasp mounts. After maternal separation at the end of the 1st year, rearing effects on the display of mounting persisted into the 2nd year. Males that received 24-hr daily peer access during the 1st year continued to foot-clasp-mount peers whereas .5-hr males failed to do so, indicating that the experience of mounting one's mother with the adult posture was not sufficient to support peer-oriented foot-clasp mounting at a later age. In addition to deficits in peer-oriented foot-clasp mounting. .5-hr infants displayed higher frequencies of threat and withdrawal behaviors to peers and presented to peers less frequently than did infants from the 24-hr rearing condition. These results contradict a motor deficiency hypothesis to account for the rare display of foot-clasp mounts to peers by males receiving .5-hr daily access to peers during the 1st year of life. Instead, data support the view that .5-hr animals either failed to develop positive response patterns necessary for the execution of the foot-clasp mount, or learned negative patterns of social interaction that prevented the display of this cooperative behavior. PMID- 7250522 TI - Fluoxymesterone and the development of sexual behavior in the golden hamster. AB - Male hamsters castrated at birth and female hamsters were treated on postnatal Days 2-4 with 100 microgram of testosterone. 100 microgram of fluoxymesterone, or the hormone vehicle. As adults, mounting behavior and lordosis were measured following exogenous hormone treatment. Although the degree of penile or clitoral virilization did not appear to differ between testosterone- and fluoxymesterone treated animals, behavioral differences occurred. Neonatal treatment with fluoxymesterone failed to "masculinize" or defeminize" behavior; neonatal testosterone treatment induced mounting in males and females and intromission in males. These results, along with those of others, indicate that fluoxymesterone has little or no central neural effect on sexual behavior in the hamster. PMID- 7250523 TI - Isolation has permanent effects upon the behavior of the rat, but not the mouse, gerbil, or guinea pig. AB - In the rat isolation has both short- and long-term influences upon behavior. Rats isolated at any age will show increases in timidity and aggression, but both effects can be reversed by periods of social housing. However, isolation before 50 days of age has permanent effects upon behavior. We have previously found that rats between 25 and 45 days of age may be protected from the deleterious effects of isolation by short daily periods of social contact if, during these daily contact periods, the rats engage in intense bouts of rough-and-tumble play. In this study we examined the permanence of the effects of isolation on the rat, mouse, guinea pig and gerbil. As predicted by the play hypothesis, species which do not engage in extensive social play do not show permanent deficits if isolated prior to 50 days. Only rats which engage in long bouts of rough-and-tumble play between 20 and 50 days show any permanent behavioral effects of isolation during this period. PMID- 7250524 TI - Hypothermia-induced retrograde amnesia in mature and aged rats. AB - Mature (10-month-old) and aged (25-month-old) rats were trained on a passive avoidance task. Following training, rats in each age group were exposed to a hypothermia treatment, restraint alone, or no treatment. The hypothermia treatment involved immersing the mature rats in 4 degrees C water for 12 min and immersing the aged rats in 1 degrees C water for 12 min. This treatment reduced the body temperature of both age groups to an equivalent temperature (22 degrees C). Following immersion, the body temperature of the aged rats continued to decline to a lower level and recovered at a slower rate than the mature rat's temperatures. When all rats were tested 24 hr after training for retention of the avoidance task, mature rats performed better than aged rats when trained with the same shock intensity. Increasing the shock duration for the aged rats eliminated the performance differences on the passive avoidance task between ages. Rats exposed to hypothermia showed poorer retention of the task (i.e., retrograde amnesia) than all control conditions. However, no age differences in the degree of amnesia induced by the hypothermia treatment were apparent once age groups were equated on the intensity of the amnesic agent (hypothermia) and degree of initial learning. PMID- 7250525 TI - Effects of restriction of maternal uterine blood supply on postnatal conditioning of heart rate and behavioral development in dogs. AB - An examination was made of the heart rate responses during aversive classical conditioning of 5- to 6-week-old Labrador puppies exposed to restricted maternal uterine blood supply during gestation. The direction of the heart rate responses of the treated puppies was consistently decelerative, whereas nontreated controls showed both decelerations and accelerations. The absence of accelerative heart rate changes, combined with the observed depression of base level heart rate and attenuated emotional behavior in the experimental animals relative to controls suggests that uterine blood supply insufficiency may have impaired normal autonomic development in utero. PMID- 7250526 TI - Experiential influences on the development of huddling preferences and "sibling" recognition in spiny mice. AB - The role of experience in the development of huddling preferences and sibling recognition by spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) weanlings was investigated. In the 1st experiment, pups separated from their littermates and fostered onto unfamiliar females (and their offspring) on the day of birth, Day 10, or Day 20, subsequently showed preferential huddling with their foster littermates. Huddling by biological siblings was as infrequent as huddling by unrelated, unfamiliar agemates. The 2nd study revealed that the mother may play a role in the ontogeny of sibling recognition, possibly through distinctive labeling of her offspring. We conclude that recognition of littermates develops through experience in the home cage in the absence of an inborn ability to recognize one's biological siblings. PMID- 7250528 TI - Volume discrimination learning in golden hamsters: effects of the structure of complex rearing cages. AB - Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were reared from birth to adulthood in a spatially diversified situation (EG); their performances were compared with those of other hamsters housed in standard laboratory cages (SG). The task was to discriminate between 2 cubic volumes of different sizes followed by various test situations designed to define the respective parts played by the 3 spatial dimensions during perception. The results show that surfaces of volumes were mainly taken into account by EG subjects whereas width, alone, was used by the SG animals. PMID- 7250529 TI - Platelet aggregation and release of ATP after incubation with soluble immune complexes purified from the serum of diabetic patients. AB - Human platelets are known to have Fc receptors that are able to recognize soluble immune complexes and to respond to that stimulation by aggregating and releasing soluble factors. In diabetes, enhanced platelet aggregation has been proposed as one of the factors contributing to the development of microangiopathy. Soluble immune complexes isolated from seven diabetic patients were found to enhance ADP induced platelet aggregation and release of ATP. This enhancement was proven not to be an artifact due to the isolation protocol, by comparison of purified immune complexes with nonspecific protein purified from normal sera by identical or slightly modified isolation protocols. Soluble immune complex appear to be the first well-characterized platelet aggregating factors form the sera of diabetic patients. The natural of the antigen involved in their formation does not appear relevant, since very similar results were obtained whether soluble immune complexes were purified from patients with insulin-anti-insulin complexes in their serum, or from those without such complexed but with positive results in nonspecific screening techniques. PMID- 7250527 TI - Short-term juvenile crowding arrests the developmental formation of dendritic spines on tectal interneurons in jewel fish. AB - Development of jewel fish tectal interneurons was measured as a function of crowded development. The number of dendritic spines on the apical dendrites of pyriform interneurons was counted in the stratum album centrale plexiform layer because previous research indicated that this was the region in which both social deprivation and acute juvenile crowding produced neuronal deficits. Results showed that 100- and 130-day-old uncrowded juveniles had spine densities equivalent to 160-day-old juveniles crowded at 15 fish/3.6 liter for 60 days. Thus, no spine formation occurred after the onset of crowding. Sibling 160-day old juveniles reared in the uncrowded condition (1 fish/4.6 liter) had already acquired the normal complement of spines exhibited by 4-year-old adults reared at low density (1 fish/25 liter). These results show that acute crowding can arrest the normal course of neuronal development in juvenile jewel fish. PMID- 7250530 TI - Platelet aggregation and coagulation in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy in rats. AB - Fifty male rats were made diabetic by a single injection of streptozotocin and were killed at periods varying from 1 to 12 mo. Ten saline-injected rats and three rats treated with 3-O-methylglucose and streptozotocin served as controls. Intraluminal changes in retinal vessels were studied by electron microscopy. In diabetic rats maintained for 9-12 mo, microthrombus formation was observed in the various sized retinal vessels at the histologic and ultrastructural level. The microthrombi were mainly composed of aggregated platelets and fibrin strands. However, there was no definite evidence of detachment or loss of the endothelial cells. This microthrombus formation may play an important role in the development of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7250533 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias during epinephrine-propranolol infusions for measurement of in vivo insulin resistance. AB - Sixty-eight determination of in vivo insulin resistance were conducted in 35 males (aged 29-63 yr) by measurement of steady-state plasma glucose levels during a combined intravenous infusion of propranolol, epinephrine, glucose, and insulin. Subjects were mildly diabetic and/or hyperlipidemic. All were asymptomatic, denied taking medication, and had no history of cardiac disease. All had normal resting electrocardiograms. During the infusion, mean increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 27 +/- 12.2 (x +/- SD) and 14 +/- 5.7 mm Hg, respectively; mean reduction in heart rate was 19 +/- 6.1 beats/min. Six out of the 35 subjects developed cardiac arrhythmias during the infusion test. Maximal exercise treadmill tests failed to predict all subjects who subsequently developed arrhythmias during the infusion test. These results suggest that this infusion test should be performed under continuous cardiac monitoring and promptly terminated if major arrhythmias develop. PMID- 7250532 TI - Evaluation of glycosylated hemoglobin diabetic patients. PMID- 7250531 TI - The importance of determining irreversibly glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetics. PMID- 7250534 TI - Defective hydroxylation of phenformin as a determinant of drug toxicity. AB - The kinetics of phenformin and its metabolite, p-hydroxyphenethylbiguanide, was studied in eight diabetic patients with varying degrees of renal impairment. Plasma and urinary phenformin and p-hydroxyphenethylbiguanide levels were determined by the multiple selected ion monitoring technique. Phenformin half lives were unrelated to the degree of renal impairment, whereas reduced renal clearances of insulin and creatinine were significantly correlated with a prolonged half-life of the metabolite. The excretion of p hydroxyphenethylbiguanide was quite variable (between 4.9% and 27% of total urinary drug loss), probably due to a genetic polymorphism of hepatic mechanisms for hydroxylation. A reduced formation of the metabolite was concomitant with marked increases in the amount of circulating phenformin. A positive reciprocal correlation was detected between areas under the plasma curve of phenformin and both the renal clearance of the unchanged drug and the percentage of metabolite formation. A reduced hydroxylation of phenformin seems, therefore, to be responsible for the high plasma levels of the drug previously described in toxic patients. PMID- 7250535 TI - Abnormalities in the biosynthesis of cartilage and bone proteoglycans in experimental diabetes. AB - Proteoglycans synthesized in developing cartilage and bone were investigated in control and streptozotocin-induced (65 mg/kg, i.v.) diabetic rats. Ten days after streptozotocin injection, animals were implanted subcutaneously with demineralized bone matrix particles. This system induces formation of cartilage and bone on days 7 and 14, respectively. Two hours before they were killed, animals were injected with 35SO4 and the labeled proteoglycans were extracted from the explants and metaphyses by either a direct associative extraction (0.5 M GuCl2) or a direct dissociative extraction (4.0 M GuCl2). These procedures extract 80-90% of the total counts incorporated. To characterize the proteoglycans, extracts were subjected to cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation and molecular sieve chromatography. These data showed that (1) there is less proteoglycan made in diabetic bone; (2) the proteoglycan aggregate is of a smaller molecular weight in bone than in cartilage; (3) 10% of the proteoglycan synthesized in diabetic bone was in the form of aggregates compared with 48% of the control bone; (4) aggregates did form in the diabetic cartilage, and their molecular weight was smaller than in normal cartilage. This investigation shows that proteoglycans, structurally important macromolecules of cartilage and bone, are altered in experimental diabetes. This metabolic abnormality may be an important factor contributing to decreased bone formation observed in diabetes. PMID- 7250536 TI - A rapid chemical means for removing labile glycohemoglobin. AB - We have devised a rapid and convenient method of eliminating the contribution of labile glycosylated hemoglobin in the hemoglobin A1 assay. The procedure requires a 30-min incubation of erythrocytes in 30 mM semicarbazide and 12 mM aniline (pH 5, 38 degrees C). This chemical means of eliminating the labile fraction is as effective as a 14-h incubation in isotonic saline as measured with high-pressure liquid chromatography or electrophoresis methods. The removal of the labile glycosylated hemoglobin fraction preserves the assay as a reliable index of chronic metabolic control. PMID- 7250537 TI - Analysis of 100 infant deaths with intraventricular hemorrhage: brain weights and risk factors. AB - Because the lowering of brain-tissue pressure is associated with a loss in brain weight, the brain weights of 100 infants with intraventricular hemorrhage were compared with those of 100 control infants. After the 30th week of gestation the brain weight of infants with intraventricular hemorrhage were lower than those of the controls. This finding supports the authors' hypothesis of a causal relationship between brain shrinkage and intraventricular hemorrhage. Of 13 other risk factors investigated, only prematurity could be related directly to the occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage. PMID- 7250539 TI - Predictive value of early testing of auditory localization for language development. AB - This pilot study attempted to determine whether atypical localization to voice during the first year of life could be predictive of later delayed language development. 22 children who had been tested at six to nine months of age and found to have normal hearing were retrospectively divided into "atypical' and 'normal' groups. They were then evaluated for language development at four years of age. The atypical group had significantly lower scores on two of the four measures of language competence, but the results must be interpreted with caution because of the small number of children in the study. PMID- 7250542 TI - Early maternal-child contact: effects on later behaviour. AB - Fifty normal, healthy, full-term infants were allowed 45 minutes contact with their mothers immediately after birth at Victoria Jubilee Hospital, Kingston, Jamaica. The behaviour of these infants and their mothers was compared with matched controls at six and 12 weeks in a hospital follow-up interview. More early-contact mothers solely breast-fed their infants than did control mothers. Early-contact infants were less likely than controls to be restless or crying during the interviews. At 12 weeks, early-contact mothers were more likely than control mothers to rise and follow when their babies were taken from them, gazed more frequently at their infants, and were more likely to vocalise to their infants during the interview. These differences indicate that early contact promotes a closer relationship between a woman and her infant. Given the importance of breast-feeding as protection against gastro-enteritis and malnutrition, this closer relationship may be especially valuable in developing countries where such diseases are common. PMID- 7250541 TI - Saccades of hyperactive and normal boys during ocular pursuit. AB - Eye movements of hyperactive and normal boys were compared on a visual pursuit task in three experiments. In the first series of tests, irregular pursuit occurred more often in hyperactive than in normal boys. Hyperactive boys made more saccadic movements, their average saccades were larger, and they looked away from the pursuit path more frequently than the normal boys. In a second series of tests three years later, the differences between normal and hyperactive boys still existed. In a third set of experiments the effects of an attention task, different stimulus velocities and stimulant medication were studied in another group of control and hyperactive boys. With or without the attention task, hyperactive boys not receiving stimulant medication made more saccades than normal boys. Differences were greatest at lower target velocities and decreased at higher stimulus velocities. Differences between hyperactive and normal boys disappeared when the former received both stimulant medication and the attention task. The findings were the same in the two groups of hyperactive boys: they had more saccades superimposed on ocular pursuit than did normal boys. Differences between the groups may be related to their relative ability to attend to the target. The differences are of a magnitude that might make them useful as an adjunct for diagnosis of hyperactivity or for evaluating the effects of treatment. PMID- 7250538 TI - Predictive value of neonatal neurological examination: a follow-up study at 18 months. AB - From a cohort of 1507 infants in the Perinatal Project at University Hospital, Groningen, 80 infants who had been neurologically abnormal in the neonatal period and 80 controls were neurologically re-examined at 18 months of age. Of the 80 abnormal infants, one had died at age three months and 13 other remained abnormal at 18 months, of whom five had severe neurological dysfunction. Two of the control infants had mild abnormalities at 18 months. The rate of false negative results was low, but there was a high rate of false positive results, indicating a high frequency of transient neonatal morbidity. This study demonstrates the sensitivity of the neonatal neurological examination in selecting newborn infants who are in special need of attention. PMID- 7250540 TI - Biofeedback treatment of fecal incontinence in patients with myelomeningocele. AB - Approximately six hours of biofeedback training was given to eight fecally incontinent children with myelomeningocele in order to establish bowel control. Their ages ranged from five to 15 years. The patients were shown a polygraph tracing of the external anal sphincter while they were being encouraged voluntarily to contract the sphincter when the rectum was distended with progressively larger volumes of air in a balloon. Seven of the eight patients showed normal sensation for rectal distension. Following this training period, five of the children had no incontinent periods, and two of these had discontinued enemas or suppositories. A sixth patient had an 80 per cent reduction in the frequency of incontinence. The remaining two did not benefit. At follow-up between 13 and 24 months later, four children were incontinent once a month or less often; two others were incontinent once per day, a considerable decrease from the pretraining period. The two children who failed to learn were still incontinent at follow-up. These results show that fecally incontinent patients with myelomeningocele can learn to evacuate normally or to reduce soiling after a relatively short period of biofeedback training. PMID- 7250543 TI - Evaluation of cerebral-palsied graduates of a transitional residential program. AB - An evaluation was made of 24 cerebral-palsied individuals who had completed a program in a multi-service transitional residence. The variables assessed at follow-up were education, employment, dwelling situation, mobility and activities of daily living. All but one of the 24 graduates of the program showed improvement in at least one of these variables. PMID- 7250544 TI - Mitral valve prolapse: a cause of stroke in children? AB - For a large proportion of children suffering a stroke, no specific cause can be found. Two cases with infantile hemiplegia are reported who subsequently were found to have mitral valve prolapse, which occurred as a familial trait in both cases. An association between stroke in childhood and mitral valve prolapse is suggested. PMID- 7250545 TI - Menkes' syndrome (trichopoliodystrophy): use of scanning electron-microscope in diagnosis and carrier identification. AB - Three new cases of Menkes' kinky-hair syndrome are presented. In each case the diagnosis was confirmed biochemically, but light microscopy failed to demonstrate the characteristic hair changes. However, when scanning electron-microscopy was used, pili torti and trichorrhexis nodosa were seen clearly in the samples taken from each case. In addition, monilethrix, a change noted in other reports, was seen to be an optical effect produced at the point of a twist. Hair samples were obtained from female relatives of the three affected families and were similarly examined. Changes indicative of carrier status were observed in two of the three mothers and also in a normal sister and half-sister. PMID- 7250548 TI - Plasticity and specificity of language localization in the developing brain. PMID- 7250547 TI - Equal recovery in child and adult brain? PMID- 7250546 TI - Oral contraceptives and birth defects. PMID- 7250549 TI - Diagnostic value of the fecal chymotrypsin test in pancreatic insufficiency, particularly chronic pancreatitis: correlation with the pancreozymin-secretin test, fecal fat excretion and final clinical diagnosis. AB - The diagnostic value of the fecal chymotrypsin test (FCT) was reevaluated with regard to (a) proved pancreatic hypofunction of different severity (183 pancreozymin-secretin tests); (b) the final clinical diagnosis, and (c) fecal fat excretion (208 patients with chronic pancreatitis; CP). Progressive pancreatic disease (cancer, CP) was mainly associated with moderate or severe pancreatic hypofunction (119/138; 86.2%) and a low incidence of false-normal FCT values (14/138; 10.1%). Miscellaneous disorders (mainly reversible pancreatic hypofunction) were mainly associated with slight pancreatic hypofunction and a high incidence of false-normal FCT values (17/45; 37.8%). Pancreatic steatorrhea (greater than 10 g/day) was found only in patients with markedly depressed FCT values. Progressive deterioration of pancreatic function was demonstrated by repeated FCT in CP (n = 220). PMID- 7250550 TI - Acute and chronic effect of dietary cholic acid on colonic epithelial cell proliferation. AB - Administration of cholic acid (1.0% of the diet) to male Fisher rats for 3 days resulted in increased numbers of DNA synthesizing epithelial cells per colonic crypt column as compared to those found in either control or 0.2% cholic acid-fed rats. The middle third of the crypt was the area stimulated to contribute the additional proliferating cells. The maximum number of 3H-TdR-labeled cells was doubled by 24 h and migration had processed further up the colonic crypt of the 1% cholic acid-fed rats than the 0.2% cholic acid or control animals. Compared with cholic acid-deprived rats, long-term dietary intake of 0.2% cholic acid (26 weeks) was found to heighten the numbers of labeled cells per column and expand the proliferative compartment. The enhanced manifestation of colonic neoplasia in MNU-induced rats consuming cholic acid (previously reported by us) appears related to the elevated levels of cell proliferation brought about in response to the deleterious action of the bile acid on the mucosa. Increased numbers of epithelial cells undergoing DNA synthesis in cholic acid-treated animals would allow the earlier expression of malignant transformation in the large intestine. PMID- 7250552 TI - Serum prednisolone levels in Crohn's disease and coeliac disease following oral prednisolone administration. AB - Serum prednisolone levels have been measured following the oral administration of 20 mg prednisolone in 10 normal subjects, in 9 patients with Crohn's disease and in 6 with coeliac disease. Serum prednisolone levels showed more variation in patients with Crohn's disease when compared to normal subjects. In those patients with Crohn's disease who failed to respond to corticosteroid therapy, adequate serum levels of prednisolone were achieved. Patients with coeliac disease had levels similar to normal. Serum protein binding of prednisolone was not significantly different between the groups. We conclude that, even in the presence of mucosal damage, patients with coeliac disease and Crohn's disease achieve therapeutic serum prednisolone levels. PMID- 7250551 TI - The effect of a test meal on plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide and serum gastrin in patients with achlorhydria and hypergastrinemia, and in patients with normal gastric H+ secretion. AB - 9 patients with achlorhydria and hypergastrinemia and 8 control patients with normal gastric H+ secretion and normal serum gastrin level were studied before and after a mixed liquid test meal. Mean plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide increased to significantly higher values in the achlorhydric group than in the control group 30, 60 and 90 min after the meal. In the achlorhydric group mean serum gastrin fell significantly below the basal level 60 and 90 min after the meal, whereas a significant increase was observed in the control group. PMID- 7250553 TI - Acute hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis in mice: alterations of serum complement. AB - Induction of acute hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis by dietary means in mice produces alterations in the serum complement system. Total hemolytic complement, i.e., CH50, and native C3 levels fall during the development of pancreatitis while, at the same time, what could be immunoreactive C3 degradation products are demonstrable both in the circulation and in the urine. No evidence of renal deposition of C3 was obtained by immunofluorescence analysis, although marked alterations in proteinuria were observed, suggesting that renal dysfunction(s) is a feature of acute hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis. Lack of renal complement deposition, together with our earlier negative findings with respect to pancreatic localization, suggests that serum complement alterations are side effects of the pancreatitis, attributable to intravascular, pancreatic enzyme mediated degradation of serum complement components. PMID- 7250554 TI - Effect of a lithogenic diet on cell proliferation in the murine gallbladder epithelium. AB - A cholesterol-cholic acid lithogenic diet was administered to mice for periods from 2 days to 12 weeks. Intraperitoneal injections of tritiated thymidine and autoradiographs were used for the estimation of the proliferative parameters in the gallbladder epithelium. The total DNA content of the gallbladder was determined. Significantly higher labeling (p less than 0.01) and mitotic (p less than 0.01) indices were observed from the 2nd day and the total DNA content of the gallbladder was increased (p less than 0.01) from the 2nd week of the diet. Increased proliferative activity was followed by hyperplasia of the gallbladder epithelium. A significant dilatation of the gallbladders was also noted from the 2nd day of the diet (p less than 0.01). Gallstones appeared after at least 4 weeks. Our results indicate that gallstone formation is preceded by a higher proliferative activity in the gallbladder mucosa. Distension of the gallbladder could be one of the factors explaining this phenomenon in mice, but the influence of intraluminal modifications in the bile salt composition cannot be excluded. PMID- 7250555 TI - The effect of a parietal cell vagotomy and truncal vagotomy with and without drainage on duodenal ulcers in the rat. AB - The gastric secretagogues, pentagastrin and carbachol, produced a 100% incidence of duodenal ulcers. Truncal vagotomy (TV) and parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) prevented these experimental ulcers in the early post-operative period. At 3 weeks TV rats showed a decrease in weight gain, gross gastric distension and the infusion of gastric secretagogues now caused hypersecretory-induced gastric ulcers. TV and gastroenterostomy rats developed stomal ulceration and PCV failed to prevent formation of duodenal ulcers at 3 weeks. These results indicate that vagotomy, irrespective if truncal or highly selective, only has a temporary effect. This may be due to ischaemia or an altered sensitivity of the parietal cell mass with a post-operative recovery. PMID- 7250556 TI - The use of central auditory tests in a case of vasculitis. AB - A central auditory test battery including dichotic digits, competing sentences, frequency patterns, and the staggered spondaic word test was administered to a patient diagnosed as having vasculitis. Test batteries were conducted before prednisone treatment and 2 months later. The central tests were not only helpful in indicating probable intracranial right hemisphere involvement, but seemed to be sensitive to the patient's improvement over this 2-month period. This case demonstrated a potentially valuable application of central auditory assessment. PMID- 7250557 TI - Eustachian tube efficiency of geriatric subjects. AB - The effects of age on Eustachian tube efficiency were examined using a tympanometric swallow procedure. Ten aged males and 10 young controls served as subjects. Tympanograms were examined for middle ear pressure and amplitude after a swallow maneuver and manipulation of external auditory meatus pressure. Statistical analysis of pressure peak findings revealed a significant interaction effect (age X tympanometric condition), which reflected less extreme pressure shifts obtained from geriatric subjects. Lack of shift and shift in the opposite direction from expectation among the geriatric subjects were both observed. The authors suggested that further exploration of possible hypofunction of the aged Eustachian tube relative to that of the young controls is warranted. PMID- 7250558 TI - Error analysis on the California Consonant Test by manner of articulation. AB - Normal hearing subjects, listening to 2 conditions of low-pass, filtered speech, and 2 groups of listeners with sensorineural hearing loss, having audiometric roll-off frequencies analogous to those of the low-pass, filter cut-off frequencies (i.e., 900 and 2000 Hz), were tested with the California Consonant Test (CCT). Analysis or errors based on the three manners of articulation in the test stimuli--fricative, stop, and affricate--indicated that the probability of error per manner changes considerably across roll-off frequency. Because the distribution of test items on the CCT by manner of articulation is not consistent with that found in conversational speech, incorrect estimation of word recognition ability may result. It is suggested that the CCT be altered to reflect the distribution of the manner of articulation found in everyday speech. PMID- 7250559 TI - Errors on the Staggered Spondaic Word (SSW) Test in a group of adult normal listeners. AB - The Staggered Spondaic Word (SSW) Test was developed as a means to assess central auditory function. In the present study, the SSW Test was administered to a group of normal-hearing young adults (N = 86) with nor history of centra auditory problems in an attempt to evaluate previous normative data and the types of errors made by this group. Mean number of errors for corrected (C-SSW) scores were consistent with the "normal" category established by Katz. Response bias (ear effects, order effects, and reversals) was not prevalent in this population. Although two subjects obtained a significant number of reversals, it seemed that changes in listening strategy rather than auditory dysfunction was accountable for this finding. PMID- 7250560 TI - Features from normal and sensorineural listeners' nonsense syllable test errors. AB - Identification errors for initial consonants of consonants-vowels-consonants vowels from lists A and B of the Nonsense Syllable Test were analyzed for 10 normal-hearing and 8 sensorineural hearing-impaired listeners. The Nonsense Syllable Test stimuli were presented binaurally through earphones at 6 increasing sensation levels. Listeners' verbal responses were recorded and transcribed, converted to symmetric confusion matrices, and submitted to analysis of individual differences scaling for symmetrical matrices. Results from 2- through 5-dimensional analyses revealed that voicing, place of articulation, frication, and sibilancy were the salient features used by both listener types in their perceptions of the initial consonants. Findings suggest that consideration of composition of the stimulus set is important when assessing a listener's response to specific speech discrimination tests. PMID- 7250561 TI - A survey of hearing test rooms. AB - Octave-band and broad-band sound level measurements were made on 46 hearing test rooms in physicians' and audiologists' offices, hospitals, and audiology clinics. The data were evaluated against the ANSI 1977 ears open and ears covered standards for hearing test rooms. Five of the rooms met the ANSI 1977 ears open standard, and 18 met the ANSI 1977 ears covered standard. Neither dBA or dBC measurements nor difference between dBA and dBC values is a satisfactory way of specifying a room that meets a given standard. A double-wall hearing test room does not assure a test area that meets ANSI 1977 standard. Sound room ventilating fans seem to be a significant source of noise in many rooms. PMID- 7250562 TI - Comment on shapiro: "comparison of three hearing aid prescription procedures". AB - This letter disputes the conclusion of an article which compared 3 hearing aid prescription procedures. The data which allegedly suggest that one procedure, based on Most Comfortable Loudness level measurements, is superior to the other procedures, based on Hearing Threshold Level measurements, merely illustrate the variability of most comfortable loudness level measurements. No evidence is produced to show which, if any, of the procedures is most accurate. It is also pointed out that the article does not indicate some of the most important differences in the procedures. PMID- 7250563 TI - Perceptual significance of the CID W-22 carrier phrase. AB - The 2-part study provides evidence that the carrier phrase "You will say..." contains perceptual cues which can be used by the listener to help identify place of initial consonant articulation for many test words, and when these cues are removed, the test words in isolation constitute a mre difficult word discrimination test. In the first experiment, test words beginning with voiceless stop consonants were truncated from their carrier phrases, and the phrases alone were presented to 10 normally hearing listeners. Results demonstrated above chance performance by listeners for identification of place of initial consonant articulation for the deleted test words solely on the basis of carrier phrase cues. In the second experiment, acoustically identical W-22 words with and without carrier phrases were presented to 10 normally hearing listeners at a O dB signal-to-noise ratio. A significant difference was observed in word discrimination scores for the 2 lists that can be attributed to deletion of carrier phrase cues. PMID- 7250564 TI - Patient restraint and safety vests: minimizing the hazards. PMID- 7250565 TI - An intravenous therapy audit program is possible. PMID- 7250566 TI - Update: national guidelines for I.V. therapy. PMID- 7250567 TI - Let's stop alienating prospective employees. PMID- 7250568 TI - A statement on the status of interns and residents. PMID- 7250569 TI - Per quid: its possible effect on your sick leave fund. PMID- 7250570 TI - Waiting list: the neglected statistic. PMID- 7250571 TI - Hospital reimbursement - back to the drawing board. PMID- 7250572 TI - Infant botulism. PMID- 7250573 TI - Bioavailability problem with chlorothiazide. PMID- 7250575 TI - [Behavior of ventilatory mechanics and volume measurements in the senile lung]. PMID- 7250574 TI - Surgeon general's advisory on alcohol and pregnancy. PMID- 7250576 TI - [Morpho-functional aspects of the pulmonary circulation in the aged]. PMID- 7250577 TI - [Comparative value of the radiorenogram and pyelography in the etiological diagnosis of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7250578 TI - [Correlations between 24-hour urinary free catecholamines, arterial pressure, age and sex in 192 patients with essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7250579 TI - [Absorption, elimination and therapeutic effectiveness of a new antibiotic and mucolytic combination for oral administration]. PMID- 7250581 TI - Clinical interest of carotid sinus nerve stimulation in man. PMID- 7250580 TI - [A new principle]. PMID- 7250582 TI - [The bundle branch block anatomically located in HIS bundle (author's transl)]. AB - Bundle branch block (BBB) patterns are commonly considered to represent conduction block in the corresponding bundle branch. However, several histological and experimental studies demonstrated the possibility of a BBB related to an anatomical lesion within the His bundle. Recently there has been demonstrated, also in clinical setting, the possibility of evaluation whether a left bundle branch block (LBBB) is related to an anatomical within such bundle. For this purpose the selective stimulation of the His bundle has been utilized. A distal simulation of such bundle (which can be evaluated by a stimulus-QRS interval shorter than HV interval) normalizing the QRS complexes compresses an anatomical lesion within the proximal His bundle. Such normalization cannot be attributed to a right septum stimulation since the LBBB pattern should be increased instead of disappearing. The Authors think that an anatomical localization within the His bundle can be evaluated only in LBBB. In fact it is possible that a right bundle branch block pattern, if a septal calcification or fibrosis is present, could be normalized also in the presence of an isoelectric line placed between the artificial stimulus and the QRS complex. There is criticized the concept supported by other Authors that normalization of the QRS complex may be related to a summation effect between the sinusal impulse and that artificially induced. In fact such effect can be easy excluded by analizing the temporal relationship between the ventriculograms registered during His bundle stimulation and the atriograms. The clinical implications of the LBBBs in relation with an anatomical lesion within the His bundle are discussed. PMID- 7250583 TI - [Accelerated idioventricular rhythm wih isorhythmic A-V dissociation. An electrophysiological study (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of accelerated idioventricular rhythm with isorhythmic A-V dissociation are presented. One case was affected by hypertrophic non obstructive myocardiopathy and two cases were affected by coronary heart disease with previous myocardial infarction. In all the cases of the arrhythmia persisted for days or months. By means of the electrophysiological study we could establish that 1) the focus was not protected by entrance block and 2) it was localized in the main branches of the conduction system. In the first case the focus was localized in the right bundle branch, in the second case, it was localized in the anterior fascicle of the left bundle branch and in the third case in the posterior fascicle of the left bundle branch. These electrophysiological characteristics suggest that the arrhythmia was due to increased firing of normal idioventricular pacemakers. On the basis of this electrogenetic interpretation we outline that in our cases the term of accelerated idioventricular rhythm should be preferred to others used in literature such as slow ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7250584 TI - [Prognostic evaluation of infranodal conduction abnormalities by ajmaline and overdriving test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7250585 TI - [Recording of His bundle potentials by means of non-invasive computerized and high-resolution electrocardiographic technique (author's transl)]. AB - Recording of His bundle potentials by means of non invasive technique was first obtained in 1973. The Authors used a computerized, high resolution cardiograph to study 26 patients, 17 males and 9 females, mean age 57.15 +/- 21.79 years. H wave could be identified and therefore H-V interval could be calculated in 19 patients (73%). H wave identification is based on its morphological differentiation from other bioelectrical signals present in P-Q interval and on its repeated presence in all, or at least in the largest number of the six available leads. This technique, based on averaging process, is very useful in depistage of acute and chronic A-V conduction troubles. PMID- 7250586 TI - Chronic constrictive pericarditis. Hemodynamic and polygraphic findings. PMID- 7250587 TI - [Prognostic and diagnostic value of the exercise test and early coronary anamnesis in patients with myocardial infarct studied in a median term follow up]. AB - We performed a maximal or symptom limited exercise stress test (ET) 58 +/- 20 days after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and looked for the presence of angina (A) 4-5 weeks after AMI in 193 consecutive patients (pts.). The aim of the study was to research from ET and history of early A parameters able to predict further coronary events in the follow-up (FU): new onset of angina, reinfarction or cardiac death. The FU lasted 18.06 months. The drop-out was 7%; so, data was collected on 179 pts.; 95% of our population performed the ET without any therapy. 72 pts. (40%) had an anterior-lateral AMI (I group) and 107 (60%) had an inferior-posterior AMI (II group). Pts. with early A were 35% in the I group (GR) and 52% in the II GR (P less than 0.02). Pts. with a positive ET were 38% in the I Gr and 57% in the II GR (P less than 0.01). The double product (DP) of positive ETs in the I GR was inferior (P less than 0.01) to that of the II GR; the DP of negative ETs in the I GR was inferior (P less than 0.01) to that of II GR. The comparison of the DP of positive and negative ETs showed that the former was inferior either in the I GR (P less than 0.02) or in the II GR (P less than 0.05). The highest value of serum CPK of the acute phase was observed in pts. with ST depression during ET in both groups. In the early phase after AMI, ET and A identified 50% of pits. in the I GR and 74% in the II GR as having further signs of coronary artery disease. These data were confirmed during the FU; the two techniques are then complementary to predict further events in our FU. Incidence rate of early symptoms, ischemic responses to ET, work capacity and DP values obtained during ET differed significantly in the two GRs. Reinfarction rate was 5% in the I GR and 10% in the II GR; mortality rate was similar (4.5%) in both GRs; we dit not identify predictive signs for mortality after 18.06 months from AMI. A negative history of A and a negative ET were predictors of absence of angina, but not of reinfarction nor of coronary death during our FU. PMID- 7250588 TI - [Exercise test in women with abnormal ecg (author's transl)]. AB - 114 women with abnormal resting electrocardiograms underwent exercise test on bicycle ergometry; they were grouped as follows: --group I: 40 asymptomatic females; --group II: 67 cases with atypical chest pain; --group III: 7 cases with typical angina. The exercise test was always maximal or submaximal SL. The only criteria used for positive stress was a 1 mm or more ischemic ST segment depression below the resting level, for at least 0.08 sec. The test was positive in 11 subjects (10.7%): 5 women of group II (7.5%) and 6 of group III (85.7%). Our results suggest that repolarisation abnormalities, not caused by hypertrophy, conduction disturbances and drugs, do not modify the outcomes of stress test. Ischemic patterns during exercise test are more frequently seen when flat or diphasic T waves are present in control ECG. In the majority of patients in all groups the T wave either does not change or becomes more positive or less negative after exercise. A greater prevalence of resting hypertension and arrhythmias is present in patients with positive tests. PMID- 7250589 TI - [M-mode and two dimensional echocardiography for evaluation of mitral stenosis (author's transl)]. AB - M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography (echo) were performed in 51 patients with pure or predominant mitral stenosis. Echocardiographic assessment of the severity of the stenosis was compared to the results of cardiac catheterization (cath); surgical evaluation of the mitral valve area was also obtained in 20 patients. M-mode is an excellent method for the diagnosis of mitral stenosis. However two-dimensional echo is much better for the assessment of its severity; in the present study correlations with cardiac catheterization have been excellent (r = 0.89, p less than 0.001). Major disagreement between echo and cath were found in 4 patients; 3 of them have been operated on and surgery has confirmed the echo results in all 3. Two-dimensional echo has also allowed correct prediction in the presence of mitral calcifications in 6 of the operated patients, whereas several false positive and negative diagnosis was made on M mode. Two-dimensional echocardiography is therefore an excellent non-invasive technique for the diagnosis of mitral stenosis, measurement of mitral valve area and identification of mitral calcifications. PMID- 7250590 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of the results of mitral commissurotomy]. AB - The AA. relate the results of an echocardiographic study carried out on some patients with mitral stenosis associated or not with mitral regurgitation or with other valvular disease. Ten patients who had to undergo to surgical commissurotomy, were studied before and in the early post-operative period. The M mode echocardiography appeared to be always available to diagnose the mitral stenosis, but not to quantify it. On the other side the two dimensional echocardiography is proven to be a useful method in the quantitative study of the mitral area and particularly when it is applied in the evaluation of the surgical results of comparing the pre and post-operative examinations. The data obtained were analysed with statistical method. PMID- 7250591 TI - [Influence of the gastric acidity on the digoxinemia. Comparison between digoxin and beta-methyldigoxin (author's transl)]. AB - In a medium term study, carried out according to a random cross-over schema, the Authors have evaluated the influence of gastric acidity on the digoxinemia, after the administration of digoxin (0.375 mg/day) and beta-methyldigoxin (0.25 mg/day) from the same batches. The results confirmed the effect of the gastric acidity on cardiac glycosides and an higher stability of beta-methyldigoxin than digoxin. These data suggest that digoxin, particularly in patients with gastric hypoacidity, must be used cautiously, because we can reach decidedly dangerous haematic levels, with a mean deviation of the values from the normal subjects of 89%, in comparison with 18% in the beta-methyldigoxin treated patients. PMID- 7250592 TI - [Cardiodynamic changes induced with dilazep in chronic coronary insufficiency]. AB - Systolic intervals, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were monitored before and after oral administration of dilazep in 28 patients with chronic coronary disease. Controls were performed before drug assumption and after two months of treatment. 16 patients were given dilazep in 100 mg doses three times a day; 12 patients in 50 mg doses three times a day. In the former group dilazep brought about a PEP reduction owing to a shortening of the isovolumic contraction time. Also we noticed a constant decrease of BP, both systolic and diastolic, the former tapering from 155 down to 143 mmHg, the latter from 88 to 81. In the 12 patients treated with 150 mg a day, we did not notice any relevant alteration relatable to the drug since systolic intervals and BP were unimpaired. These observations point to a positive inotropic effect and a moderate vasodilatatory effect caused by dilazep if administered in 300 mg doses a day. PMID- 7250593 TI - [Postoperative complications and therapeutic management after aneurysmectomy of the left ventricle]. AB - 51 patients underwent left ventricular aneurismectomy between 1975 and 1980. In 37 patients a Mitral Valve Replacement and/or Myocardial Revascularization were associated. Low cardiac output and ventricular arrhythmias accounted for more than 50% of the problems encountered. Hospital mortality was 11.7%. Low cardiac output and ventricular fibrillation were the only causes of death, and 60% of the times they affected patients who had a Mitral Valve Replacement + Myocardial Revascularization associated to the aneurysmectomy. Left ventricular aneurysmectomy profoundly alters the geometry of the left ventricle which tends to be in a negative oxygen balance during the first postoperative hours with ischemia and possible cardiac failure ensuing. The thorough monitoring of the filling pressures of the left ventricle and the prompt and aggressive therapy of the complications are a must and strongly contributed to lower the hospital mortality after left ventricular aneurysmectomy. PMID- 7250594 TI - [Ebstein's anomaly in adult patients: diagnostic and prognostic profile with regard to two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of Ebstein's anomaly in apparently asymptomatic adult patients are described. The chances of non invasive recognition of the malformation by means of electro-vectorcardiography and echocardiography are discussed. Unlike their useful diagnostic contribution, their prognostic valve seems to be negligible. For this purpose clinical course of malformation would remain very important, even if some unusual electrocardiographic and radiological features can provide interesting informations. PMID- 7250595 TI - [Early diagnosis of a case of Loffler's eosinophilic endomyocardiopathy: clinical and hemodynamic findings (author's transl)]. AB - A case of hypereosinophilic syndrome showed clinical and hemodynamic signs of Loffler's endomyocardiopathy. The case is peculiar because of the young age, the early diagnosis, the lack of clinical and hemodynamic signs of heart failure. Some peculiarities: an apical diastolic murmur and a diastolic pulmonary capillaries/left ventricle pressure gradient recalled the picture of mitral stenosis, but the echocardiographic pattern of mitral valve was normal; a sistolic aortic and pulmonary subvalvular gradient, with an increase in ventricular wall thickness, was present. Echocardiography, systolic time intervals, and maxdp/dt and Vmax showed a very good left ventricular function. The patient is still in good compensation, with unchanged clinical pattern and eosinophilia, despite the therapeutical attempt with corticosteroids and antiallergic drugs, after one year from the diagnosis. The pathogenetic hypothesis of this cardiac and hematologic disorder are discussed. PMID- 7250596 TI - [The organization of basic cardiology are]. PMID- 7250597 TI - [Specialists care in the National Health Service]. PMID- 7250599 TI - [The cardiology clinic in the Unita Sanitaria Locale]. PMID- 7250600 TI - [Health education. A priority and basic problem]. PMID- 7250601 TI - [Prevention and participation in the cardiology service. Functional prospects of today's Cardiology Centers]. PMID- 7250602 TI - [Specialization schools on the European scene]. PMID- 7250603 TI - [Motility and absorption]. PMID- 7250598 TI - [Organization of cardiological care in the territory]. PMID- 7250604 TI - [Influence of intestinal absorption on the motility of the small bowel: electromyographic study in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7250605 TI - Chronic and relapsing acute pancreatitis associated with chronic renal insufficiency and analgesic (phenacetin) abuse. Observations in 4 patients. PMID- 7250606 TI - [Tienilic acid can induce acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. A report of three cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7250607 TI - [The degree of hepatic enzyme induction might be related to the amount of hepatic fibrosis in rats chronically intoxicated by CCl4 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7250608 TI - [In vivo action of cholecystokinin on the motility of the biliary tract and biliary emptying in the rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7250609 TI - [Jejunal amyloidosis: diagnosis by biopsy conducted by jejunoscopy; 2 cases]. PMID- 7250610 TI - [Upward displacement of the right kidney: a frequent anomaly in portal hypertension]. PMID- 7250611 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7250612 TI - [Demonstration of a similarity of effect among several therapies: technics and value in medical decision-making]. PMID- 7250613 TI - [Portal hypertension due to intrahepatic obstruction in haematological disorders. Report of 3 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7250614 TI - [Portal cavernoma in cirrhotic patients. Report of 6 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7250615 TI - [The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, the antral G cells hyperplasia and hypersensitivity don't overlap each case of peptic ulcer with high serum gastrin levels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7250616 TI - [Rupture of the healthy stomach following gaseous distension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7250619 TI - [Localized giant pseudopolyposis: diagnostic by colonoscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7250618 TI - Abnormalities in the jejunal mucosa in Arab children. PMID- 7250617 TI - [Colonic involvement in systemic sclerosis: report of a case with perforation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7250620 TI - [Acute hepatitis due to tienilic acid]. PMID- 7250621 TI - [Hepatotoxicity due to tienilic acid]. PMID- 7250622 TI - Radiologic features of esophagitis. PMID- 7250623 TI - Efficacy of radiology of the esophagus for evaluation of dysphagia. AB - The efficacy of radiology in evaluating dysphagia was studied in 86 patients by comparison to endoscopic findings. In the 66 patients with endoscopic abnormalities radiology was correct in 54, for a sensitivity of 82%. Sensitivity of radiology improved to 95% if mild esophagitis was excluded. In the 20 patients with normal endoscopy, radiology was normal in 18 (90%). Thus radiology proved to be a reliable means of evaluating the esophagus in patients with dysphagia. PMID- 7250624 TI - Evaluation of three effervescent agents for double-contrast upper gastrointestinal radiography. AB - The agent used to introduce gas into the stomach is an important factor in determining the quality of double-contrast upper gastrointestinal radiography. The efficacy of 3 effervescent agents formulated for use in double-contract upper gastrointestinal radiography was evaluated in 300 patients. Patients found 2 granular preparations (E-Z-Gas granules and Baros) easier to swallow than a powdered agent (E-Z-Gas powder). Bubble formation and flocculation of barium in the stomach were less of a problem with Baros. Differences in mucosal coating and visualization of area gastricae were not statistically significant. PMID- 7250625 TI - Coronal upper abdominal anatomy: technique and gastrointestinal applications. AB - The coronal approach to the upper abdomen provides a valuable additional ultrasonographic view of the subphrenic and perirenal area bilaterally, and the hepatic and subhepatic region on the right. In patients with large amounts of overlying gas-filled bowel loops, it may provide the only ultrasonographic view into the high abdominal region. Reformatted coronal computed tomography may be used as a teaching aid and in demonstrating upper abdominal coronal anatomy. However, because of limited spatial resolution coronal computed tomography may be available and may be helpful in the evaluation of the upper abdomen. PMID- 7250626 TI - Obstructive and enteropathic syndromes after jejunoileal bypass surgery. AB - Small bowel bypass procedures for morbid obesity have been associated with many postoperative complications. With the use of the Scott procedure, the bypassed or excluded small bowel segment has recently been the focus of 2 syndromes -- "bypass enteritis' and "defunctioned bowel syndrome'. We describe these postoperative complications and present their significant radiologic features. PMID- 7250627 TI - Intussesception after jejunoileal bypass as diagnosed by ultrasound. AB - Eighty patients who had undergone jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity were examined by ultrasound at their routine follow-up visits to the clinic. Ultrasonographic evidence of intestinal intussusception was found in 15 patients (19%). Two of these patients were asymptomatic. Ultrasonographic findings were confirmed by operation in 6 patients (5 with intussusception, 1 negative). PMID- 7250628 TI - Colonic "urticaria' pattern due to early ischemia. AB - The unusual radiographic pattern of bleblike mounds on the surface of the colon mucosa, previously described as colonic urticaria, was seen in 3 patients in whom no allergic state was present. This urticaria-like pattern was due to colonic distention in all 3, and represented only submucosal edema on the gross and microscopic specimens. We hypothesize that this pattern is due to early changes of ischemia caused by colon distention. PMID- 7250630 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: presentations and problems in the adult. PMID- 7250629 TI - Duplication of the colon -- report of two cases and review of the literature. PMID- 7250631 TI - Study of the sensitivity and specificity of computerized tomography in the detection of calcified gallstones which appears radiolucent by conventional roentgenography. AB - Radiolucent gallstones frequently contain significant calcium deposits. Their detection is important in the evaluation of patients for medical gallstone dissolution treatment. The sensitivity and specificity of computerized tomography (CT) in detecting calcium was studied in 20 patients with radiolucent and in 3 with radiopaque gallstones. Although the sensitivity of the CT scan was somewhat higher than that of conventional radiography -- 46% versus 23%, respectively, for a calcium content of at least 4% -- the CT scan was negative in 4 out of 6 patients in whom the percentage of calcium in the gallstones ranged between 10 and 100. The CT scan was specific: there were no false positive results. The results of the CT scan were not related to the amount or type of calcium salt present. The study shows that the presently used CT scan of the gallbladder is not sensitive enough to select gallstone patients for medical dissolution treatment. PMID- 7250632 TI - Sonographic features of carcinoma of the gallbladder. AB - The sonographic features of carcinoma of the gallbladder are reviewed. Four cases of carcinoma of the gallbladder are presented which illustrate some, but not all, of the sonographic findings resulting from this abnormality. The findings illustrated are (a) a small gallbladder containing stones associated with a mass in the porta hepatis, (b) diffuse gallbladder thickening, fixation, and irregularity, (c) a papillary mass with an irregular border projecting from the gallbladder wall, and (d) a small, localized area of gallbladder wall thickening associated with cholelithiasis. Although inflammatory disease of the gallbladder can present similar sonographic findings, the correlation of the clinical findings and close inspection of the sonographic changes illustrated and described in this publication may allow the only means of a preoperative diagnosis of carcinoma of the gallbladder. PMID- 7250634 TI - Effects of solute-coupled fluid absorption on blood flow and oxygen uptake in the dog colon. AB - In the resting colon (empty lumen) both metabolic and myogenic mechanisms contribute to the overall regulation of blood flow and oxygenation. In the present study, the effects of Tyrode's solution absorption on blood flow, vascular resistance, oxygen extraction, and oxygen uptake were analyzed in autoperfused segments of dog colon. Colonic oxygen uptake increased during Tyrode's solution absorption. The increased oxygen demand during absorption was met entirely by an increase in oxygen extraction. A linear relationship between oxygen uptake and absorption rate was obtained, indicating that the oxygen requirements of the absorbing colon are dependent on the rate of transport. In another series of experiments, the effects of Tyrode's solution absorption on the ability of the colon to autoregulate its blood flow and oxygen uptake during arterial and venous pressure alterations were assessed. In the empty colon, graded alterations in arterial perfusion pressure resulted in a moderate autoregulation of oxygen uptake but no autoregulation of blood flow. When the metabolic demands of the colon were enhanced (Tyrode's solution in the lumen), similar maneuvers resulted in almost perfect autoregulation of oxygen uptake and moderate autoregulation of blood flow. Elevation of venous pressure increased vascular resistance in the empty colon, but did not affect resistance when Tyrode's solution was present in the lumen. The results of this study indicate that the enhanced autoregulation of colonic blood flow and oxygenation during periods of elevated metabolic activity is a result of an increased sensitivity of the vasculature to metabolic factors. PMID- 7250633 TI - Combined approach to the differential diagnosis of cholestatic jaundice with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, ultrasonography, and liver biopsy. AB - A prospective study of 33 patients with cholestatic jaundice was performed with combined use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), ultrasonography, and liver biopsy. A higher rate of success with PTC in 25 cases of extrahepatic cholestasis was offset by the better score of ERCP in 8 cases of intrahepatic cholestasis and its wider diagnostic scope. The procedures were complementary in 10 cases. Ultrasonic imaging of intrahepatic bile ducts proved useful for selecting the first cholangiographic technique. Liver biopsy established etiology in intrahepatic cholestasis. Our combined approach allowed us to develop through objective criteria a diagnostic flow chart of cholestasis. PMID- 7250636 TI - The histologic appearance of dysplasia (precarcinomatous change) in Crohn's disease of the small and large intestine. AB - Six patients with Crohn's disease and intestinal carcinoma are presented who demonstrated dysplastic changes in their intestinal mucosa. These changes were present adjacent to and/or distant from the infiltrating carcinoma and were extensive in 2 of these patients. The dysplasia affected many different cell types and was in many ways similar to that seen in ulcerative colitis. In view of the difficulties in making a clinical diagnosis of carcinoma in Crohn's disease, the finding of these changes on biopsy should be a strong indication for resection. However, as many of the carcinomas in Crohn's disease occur in excluded loops and in the small intestine, these changes will be of less value clinically than in ulcerative colitis, because access to these areas is difficult. PMID- 7250637 TI - In vitro electrical activity in human colon. AB - Extracellular electrical activity was measured in vitro in 28 specimens of human colon taken at the time of operation. The mucosa was removed, and the muscle strips were mounted in an organ bath irrigated with oxygenated Krebs. Records were made from 3-7 silver/silver chloride electrodes placed directly on the circular muscle, for periods of 15-30 min. Data were stored on magnetic tape, digitized, analyzed by the fast Fourier transform method and plotted in three dimensional form (signal power vs. frequency vs. time). Some plots showed a single frequency peak in the range 2-9 cpm, which was present throughout the study. However, multiple peaks were frequently seen and were of two types: (a) peaks of two or three closely related frequencies in the 2-9 cpm range, which divided and fused during the recording time. The power of the fused peak was greater than that of the components. And (b) peaks at frequencies which were integer multiples of the fundamental frequency; we interpret these to be the second and third harmonics of the fundamental frequency. When the fundamental frequency peak developed into several components, similar components also appeared at their individual harmonic frequencies, i.e., the second harmonic components were separated by twice the interval between the fundamental components. We conclude that only one fundamental frequency of electrical activity exists in any one site in human colon. Multiple frequencies are due either to the simultaneous recording from two or more poorly coupled electrical oscillators or to harmonics of the fundamental frequency. PMID- 7250638 TI - Inhibition of HCl secretion and the effects on ultrastructure and electrical resistance in isolated piglet gastric mucosa. AB - Rates of H+ secretion and transepithelial resistance were measured for gastric mucosas from neonatal piglets before and after the addition of histamine and with the deployment of conditions that inhibit HCl secretion. At designated times tissue biopsy specimens were taken and prepared for electron microscopy. Oxyntic cell morphology was evaluated by classification of the cells into one of four categories: resting, partially stimulated, stimulated, or returning. Morphologic profiles for each experimental condition were thus established. In order to assess this method of quantitation, detailed morphometric analyses of oxyntic cells from resting and stimulated preparations were undertaken. The observed differences in tubulovesicular and microvillar surface densities were similar to those of previous investigators and correlated well with the morphologic profiles for these conditions. Actively secreting gastric preparations subjected to 15 mM NaSCN, substrate deprivation, or removal of histamine showed an inhibition of HCl secretion coupled with an increase in tissue resistance. However, only the morphologic profile of cells from the latter condition was different from that observed for control stimulated cells; histamine removal caused cells to be predominantly of a resting or returning morphology. Treatment of resting tissue with SCN- or removal of substrate inhibited subsequent histamine-induced secretion though tissue resistance decreased somewhat (approximately 15%). The morphologic profile of cells from these conditions was similar to that of control stimulated cells, despite the lack of acid secretion. These data support the hypothesis that oxyntic cell morphology does not absolutely dictate the secretory state of the tissue and that the resistance of gastric mucosa cannot be accounted for solely by the ultrastructure (i.e., surface area) of oxyntic cells. PMID- 7250635 TI - Effect of sodium oleate on plasma secretin concentration and pancreatic secretion in dog. AB - The effects of sodium oleate and triglyceride infused into the duodenum of dogs with chronic pancreatic fistulas on pancreatic secretion and plasma immunoreactive secretin were investigated. The responses were compared with those following intravenous secretin infusions. Oleate markedly increased pancreatic water and bicarbonate secretion in a dose-related fashion, and these increases were accompanied by a small, but significant rise in the level of circulating immunoreactive secretin. No change in pancreatic secretion or in plasma secretin level was observed by the administration of triglyceride. Comparison of the bicarbonate response after oleate infusion with that after secretin administration suggests that the pancreatic stimulatory effect of intraduodenal sodium oleate is mediated to a major extent by the release of endogenous secretin. PMID- 7250640 TI - Decrease of a hepatic binding protein specific for asialoglycoproteins with accumulation of serum asialoglycoproteins in galactosamine-treated rats. AB - Acute liver injury was induced experimentally in rats by a single injection of a large amount of D-galactosamine. Hepatocellular damage was apparent from decrease of total serum proteins, marked release of transaminases into the circulation, precipitous decrease of total microsomal proteins, and intracellular enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and 5'-nucleotidase. In parallel with such hepatocellular damage, serum asialoglycoproteins accumulated markedly, reaching a maximum level 4 days after the injection and then decreased to the control level. In contrast to this increase, hepatic binding protein, a receptor in the liver which specifically recognizes asialoglycoproteins, decreased very much. At the same time, survival time of [125I]asialoorosomucoid intravenously administered into rats was much prolonged in inverse proportion to the decrease of the binding protein. From these results it was concluded that the decrease of the hepatic binding protein induced by galactosamine treatment is probably responsible for the marked accumulation of serum asialoglycoproteins. PMID- 7250641 TI - Viral hepatitis in homosexual men. AB - We studied 33 episodes of acute viral hepatitis in homosexual men to determine the type of hepatitis seen in this population. Seventy percent were caused by type A hepatitis, and 30% by type B hepatitis. None were due to non-A, non-B hepatitis. A high proportion of patients presenting with either type of acute hepatitis had evidence of previous infection with the other type: Seventy percent of patients with type B hepatitis had previous infection with type A, and 74% of patients with type A hepatitis had previous infection with type B. This study shows that, in homosexual men, hepatitis A, like hepatitis B, is a sexually transmitted disease. PMID- 7250639 TI - Decreased acute hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride and bromobenzene by cholestyramine in the rat. AB - Numerous factors are known to increase or decrease drug-induced liver injury. The aim of this study was to test the effect of cholestyramine. Cholestyramine, and anion exchange resin binding in the gut substances taken up and metabolized by the liver such as bile salts, vitamins, endotoxins, etc., could indirectly modify drug-induced toxicity. Two groups of animals were studied: cholestyramine-fed and pair-fed controls. Five days after feeding, carbon tetrachloride or corn oil was injected intraperitoneally. Liver function and histology were normal after corn oil injection in both groups. One day after carbon tetrachloride injection liver weight/body weight ratio was lower in the cholestyramine-fed than in the pair-fed group (4.0 +/- 0.4 mean +/- SD vs. 4.4 +/- 0.3, p less than 0.05). Alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were lower (618 +/- 782 IU and 242 +/- 147 IU vs. 8245 +/- 8189 and 1966 +/- 1524 IU, p less than 0.001), as was necrosis (p less than 0.05). Steatosis and inflammatory reaction were similar in both groups. Two and four days later there were no significant differences between the two groups, because necrosis was no longer a major feature in the pair-fed group. Similar experiments were performed with bromobenzene. Here too cholestyramine prevents necrosis but to a much lesser extent. These results confirm that steatosis and necrosis are independent toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride. Cholestyramine, a widely used drug in cholestasis, could provide a potentially clinically important hepatocellular resistance to toxicity from environmental agents. PMID- 7250642 TI - Effect of the selective expansion of cholic acid pool on bile lipid composition: possible mechanism of bile acid induced biliary cholesterol desaturation. AB - The effect of cholic acid pool expansion on biliary lipid composition was investigated in 21 subjects with cholesterol gallstones. All subjects were fed cholic acid (15 mg/kg/day) and ampicillin (2 g/day) in order to depress the intestinal degradation of cholic to deoxycholic acid. Five additional subjects were given ampicillin alone. The treatment lasted 2-3 wk. Parameters investigated included biliary and plasma lipid, biliary bile acid composition, and total and individual bile acid pool size. In 11 of 21 subjects (group I) cholic acid pool expanded two-threefold, whereas deoxycholic acid pool increased only slightly. In this group mean saturation index fell from 1.32 +/- 0.27 (mean +/- SD) to 0.93 +/ 0.25 (p less than 0.001), and plasma cholesterol increased from 185 +/- 45 mg/dl before to 213 +/- 37 after treatment (p less than 0.01). In the remaining 10 subjects (group II) the increase of the deoxycholic acid pool for exceeded that of cholic acid, and in these subjects the saturation index rose from a mean value of 1.07 +/- 0.27 to 1.42 +/- 0.22 after treatment (p less than 0.01). In this group plasma cholesterol tended to decrease (from 213 +/- 57 to 197 +/- 51 after treatment). In the 5 subjects treated with ampicillin alone deoxycholic acid pool was greatly reduced, and the saturation index fell from 1.25 +/- 0.25 to 0.95 +/- 0.35. The results suggest that cholic acid pool expansion reduces bile cholesterol saturation, whereas the increase of deoxycholic acid pool tends to supersaturate the bile. It is concluded that a determinant of bile cholesterol saturation might be the detergent power of the bile acid pool. PMID- 7250643 TI - Lack of tolerance and rapid recovery of cimetidine-inhibited chlordiazepoxide (Librium) elimination. AB - Cimetidine has been shown to inhibit oxidative metabolism of several drugs while sparing the glucuronidation pathways of drug metabolism. We studied the time course of inhibition and recovery of cimetidine-inhibited chlordiazepoxide elimination in 7 healthy subjects. Chlordiazepoxide elimination was studied after cimetidine treatment for 1 and 30 days, and after withdrawing cimetidine for 48 h. The plasma clearance of chlordiazepoxide was reduced by 54% (p less than 0.001) after 24 h of cimetidine, by 57% (p less than 0.001) after 30 days of cimetidine and returned to normal after cimetidine was stopped for 48 h. In the absence of changes in volume of distribution, these changes resulted in proportional increases in the elimination half-life (t 1/2 beta) after 24 h and 30 days cimetidine treatment, and returned to pretreatment values after stopping cimetidine. In addition, the impaired chlordiazepoxide elimination was accompanied by inhibition of generation and subsequent elimination of N desmethylchlordiazepoxide, the first metabolite of chlordiazepoxide metabolism. This study demonstrates a rapid inhibitory effect on chlordiazepoxide elimination, an absence of tolerance to this effect and a rapid reversal of this effect upon stopping cimetidine. These findings may have important therapeutic implications for patients receiving both drugs simultaneously. PMID- 7250644 TI - In vivo drug metabolism and liver lobule heterogeneity in the rat. PMID- 7250645 TI - Barrett's epithelium complicating lye ingestion with sparing of the distal esophagus. AB - We report a patient with a history of lye ingestion in whom a band of ectopic gastric mucosa is associated with a stricture of the mid-esophagus. Specialized columnar epithelium (a type of Barrett's epithelium) developed along the edges of this band. This specialized columnar epithelium is separated from the mucosa of the stomach by a continuous sheet of normal stratified squamous epithelium. Heretofore, Barrett's epithelium involving the middle esophagus has been reported only as the proximal extension of a sheet of columnar mucosa lining the entire distal esophagus. The development of specialized columnar epithelium in this setting suggests that local factors besides gastroesophageal reflux may be involved in the pathogenesis of Barrett's epithelium. PMID- 7250646 TI - Hepatic abscess due to Yersinia enterocolitica without bacteremia. AB - A 71-yr-old diabetic patient was evaluated because of right upper quadrant pain. He was found to have a large hepatic abscess secondary to Yersinia enterocolitica infection. He lacked clinical evidence of bacteremia or gastrointestinal infection. It is postulated that Yersinia enterocolitica reached the liver through the portal system from an inapparent intestinal infection. This is the first reported case of a liver abscess secondary to Yersinia enterocolitica without evidence of systemic infection. PMID- 7250647 TI - Endotoxin and cirrhosis. PMID- 7250648 TI - [M. hyopharyngeus and M. syndesmopharyngeus of mammals in light of the evolution of the muscles of the laryngopharynx]. PMID- 7250649 TI - [Influence of one-time aflatoxin intoxication on lysosomes and ultrastructure of liver cells]. AB - White male Wistar rats were treated with 6 and 10 mg/kg of Aflatoxin Bi intraperitoneally. 3 h afterwards, they were decapitated and their livers processed after the classical histological methods for electron microscopy as well as after the method of Gomory-Holt for acid phosphatase in liver tissue. The ultrastructural changes affected the nucleus and its chromatin; the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum were vacuolised; the Golgi apparatus was activated; the autophagic function of the hepatocyte lysosomes was underlined, as well as the heterophagic in the Kupffer cells. The findings are discussed as signs of early degenerative process, or of lipophanerosis. PMID- 7250650 TI - Fine structure and intercellular junctions of a freshwater teleost (Pimelodus maculatus) hepatocytes by freeze-fracture replicas. AB - The Pt-C replicas of a freshwater teleost hepatic cells were studied by electron microscopy. The surface of hepatocytes bordering the perisinusoidal space is studied with numerous microvilli. Cell-to-cell attachments are made through gap junctions and spot desmosomes. Tight junctions are found between hepatocytes close to the bile canaliculi. Some of the numerous corpuscular elements found in the cytoplasm can be identified as organelles, specially if their interiors are partially exposed by cleaving. PMID- 7250651 TI - [Enucleation of plexiform ganglion, a selective method for demonstration of sensitive pneumogastric sites]. PMID- 7250652 TI - The ultrastructure of renomedullary interstitial cells in hypercalcemia induced by calcium gluconate. AB - Under hypercalcemia induced by calcium gluconate the degranulation of renomedullary interstitial cells accompanied with the increase in volume of the rough and smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and enlargement of the Golgi apparatus were observed. The ultrastructural changes can be regarded as an expression of the increase of a synthetic and secretory activity of these cells. Because the changes of renomedullary cells observed in hypercalcemia induced by calcium gluconate are not really different from that observed in hypercalcemia induced by vitamin D3 (Roszkiewicz et al. 1979) it can suppose that these changes may be connected solely with a calcium serum elevation and that the renomedullary interstitial cells rather do not play any important role in vitamin D3 metabolism. PMID- 7250653 TI - Fibre composition of human hand and arm muscles. AB - The fibre composition of 5 hand and 3 arm muscles were investigated by histochemical methods. The hand muscles of the dominant side (right side by the right-handed and left side by the left-handed persons) had a significantly higher amount of type 2 fibre than type 1 fibre. In the same subjects the fibre composition of the 3 investigated arm muscles were practically the same on the dominant and on the non-dominant side. It is suggested that the different movements of the dominant hand causes the difference in the fibre ratio of the hand muscles, while the different mechanical demands did not influence the composition of the arm muscles. PMID- 7250654 TI - [Method for calculating volume and surface of spheroid-shaped nuclear material of variable diametric relationships on the basis of spherical shapes]. PMID- 7250655 TI - [Non-statistical biomathematics: opinions, perspectives, problems]. AB - By way of tracing the position of biomathematics and its main subjects a discussion is given of the mutual relations between the branches of natural sciences and mathematics within the hierarchically structured building of science. The general possibilities of a mathematical expressing and description of the biological features "complexity", "variability", and "discontinuity" and the limits are shown of validity of mathematical formulations in the field of biology. To this point representative opinions of research workers are quoted. The only direct ways of application of mathematics in biology seems to be the treatment of "variability" by statistical biomathematical means which offers the mathematical services in the design of experiments as well as in the quantitative descriptive evaluation of experimental results. Aside from these ways a direct mathematical approach to biology is thought of being questionable because of the large differences between the levels of abstraction on which these two disciplines work. But the thesis is stated and supported that biophysics and biocybernetics as mediators provide an appropriate approach of the mathematics to such biological problems which arise from "complexity" and from "discontinuity". The kind of biomathematical tools, the goal of a biomathematical analysis, and the results of such an analysis get their meaning from the biophysical or biocybernetical modelling in which they are embedded. Example of working out of biomathematical methods and of application these methods are added. PMID- 7250656 TI - Studies on orthocephalization. 6. Flexions of the rat head in the period between 1 day before gestation and 14 days after gestation. AB - The present paper considers the significance of a variety of cranial flexions in the process of orthocephalization of the rat skull between 1 day before birth to 14 days after birth. The study is based on a sample of 95 albino rats divided into 5 age groups (1 day before birth - 0 days - 4 days - 7 days - 14 days after birth), who have been sacrificed and x-rayed with subsequent analysis of the photos obtained. Before x-raying, the rat heads have been treated with AgNO3 to improve the contrast of the bone images on the x-ray photos. In the period studied, the angle between the cranial base and the facial part of the skull becomes considerably more obtuse, i.e. the skull becomes considerably more orthocranial. As compared to the changes that have been shown in 14...60 days old rats, the changes in the early period are much more marked. The cranial vault in the young rats studied, also becomes flatter and more square, due to changes between the individual bones of the vault. This flattening is a significant part of the straightening of the rat skull as a whole, i.e. of the process of orthocephalization. In 14...60 days old rats the simultaneous size increase which primarily takes place in the bones of the facial skull reinforces an impression of marked orthocephalization. In the young rats of the present study, the size increase takes place both in the facial and in the cerebral part of the skull. The result of this leaves an impression of only moderate angular changes, although the changes are much more pronounced than in the older rats. PMID- 7250657 TI - [Variable extensor apparatus of the small toe. Opposing muscle groups in competition for extensor function of the fifth involutional metacarpal ray of the lower extremity]. AB - In 200 human feet 37 differently formed extensor apparatus of the fifth toe were found. This great variability is obviously caused by several independent phylogenetic processes related with the acquisition of the upright gait. In primitive tetrapods three extensor muscles exist for the toes, whereas in mammals two of these muscles are in a rivalling but not vicarious relationship: While the long extensor muscles (M. extensor digitorum longus) remain in all trinomial toes, the fibular extensor muscles (Mm. peronaei digitorum) are laterally displaced by the short extensor muscles (M. extensor digitorum brevis). Although in man the fibular extensor muscles are largely suppressed, the short extensor muscles hardly often reach the fifth toe because this involuting toe is only of limited motor importance with regard to the entire function of the human foot. The ontogenetic involution of the fibular extensor muscles - which in the human embryo are regularly developed as M. peronaeus digiti IV and M. peronaeus digiti V - usually remains at an intermediate stage, i.e. a tendon of the M. peronaeus brevis branches off towards the dorsum pedis. In the anthropoids this involution is associated with the evolution and acquisition of the M. peronaeus III. To obtain strong effects for pronation and dorsiflexion necessary for the upright gait the M. peronaeus III inserts at the stable metatarsus instead of the mobile fifth toe by which an earlier phylogenetic stage is achieved. In the metatarsus the peronaeus tertius muscle inserts in different positions with regard to the remnants of the fibular extensor muscles. In this paper the two processes - both involution of the peronaei digitorum muscles and evolution of the peronaeus tertius muscle - are illustrated by several intermediate links found in dissected feet. PMID- 7250658 TI - [Biomorphosis of the mucosa of human oviducts: contribution to the problem of morphology and aging of the uterine tubes. I. Introduction, literature, first results]. AB - At present the findings on the morphology of the Fallopian tube, published in the literature, allow only a incomplete analysis of the aging process being in the oviduct. This situation appears from the fact that many results on the structural changes proceeding complexly in the time from the embryo-fetal development to the senium were often published in the form of single findings, hitherto. Furthermore, systematic facts on the structural changes of the oviductal organ taking place in the time transitions between the phases of the woman's life were only sparsely described. Hence it followed to begin systematic investigations on the biomorphosis of the human oviduct using a extensive material of organs. Starting from results published in the literature, in this publication problems of the biomorphosis of the Fallopian tube are shown, and first our own findings are represented. PMID- 7250660 TI - [Craniometry of the squama of the temporal bone in the newborn]. AB - In 89 dried infants skulls (49 males and 41 females), the authors carried out the study of the temporal squama basing on statistic data of 8 measurement records. The authors tried to explain the mechanism of the development of temporal squama during the infantile period. They also investigated the relations between the characteristics of the squama and the shape of neurocranium. The studies were carried out on complete material as no marked statistic bilateral and intersex differences were found. In newborn infants the squama grows lengthwise. More intensive growth of the squama length in proportion to its height leads eventually to its vaulting in adults in comparison with newborn infants. The direction of the squama growth according to the authors is due to the presence of lateral fontanella owing mainly to the lengthwise growth of the squama. PMID- 7250661 TI - [Quantitative method for shape analysis of cross-sectional figures of bones]. AB - By analogy with the statistical product-moment-correlation coefficient, an area moment-correlation coefficient is defined for arbitrarily limited sectional areas. 2 numerical methods to determine the coefficient are deduced and exemplified using simple mathematical figures. The methods described are suitable for quantifying the shape of plane figures and for making the shape amenable to statistical analysis. PMID- 7250659 TI - The comparative feeding mechanism of Gadidae and Macrouridae. II. Mechanics of the feeding action. AB - Several aspects of the mechanics of the feeding action from some Gadid and Macrourid species have been studied. From 3 Gadid species (G. callarias, P. virens, M. tricirrata) fails of pressures during feeding have been recorded. Calculations based on the dimensions and architecture of the muscles of the different biomechanical units have been made. It seems that the most of them have to exert their maximum isometric forces to compensate the moments due to the actions of the fails of pressures against the different orobranchial cavity walls. For the Macrourid species, a estimate of the fail of pressure is made supposing a similar moments equilibrium to that of Gadids. PMID- 7250662 TI - [Long palmar muscle (M. palmaris longus) in human fetuses]. AB - In 90 human foetuses between 4 and 7 months of fetal life we compared the length of the venters and tendons of Musculi palmares longi. We observed an intramuskular part of tendon and it was revealed that the mechanism of the venter reduction is due to penetration of the connective tissue streaks in place of the muscle fibres being in the course of atrophy. This process has occurred significantly higher in the female foetuses. PMID- 7250663 TI - Adrenergic drugs and intraocular pressure. PMID- 7250664 TI - Effects of magnesium sulphate on maternal and fetal rat liver. PMID- 7250665 TI - Effects of WB4101 on blood pressure responses in the anaesthetised rat. PMID- 7250667 TI - Decrease in glucose oxidation in isolated brown fat cells from rats due to tropolone and dimethoxybenzene. PMID- 7250668 TI - Inhibition of in vitro diphenylhydantoin hydroxylation by different anticonvulsant drug combinations: a kinetic analysis. PMID- 7250666 TI - Autonomic receptors in smooth muscle of cat urinary bladder. PMID- 7250669 TI - Inhibition of adenosine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes by the benzodiazepines. PMID- 7250671 TI - Effects of paraquat in vivo on fatty acids of mouse and guinea pig tissues. PMID- 7250672 TI - Serum protein and glycoprotein changes in chronic paraquat intoxication. PMID- 7250673 TI - Hypogastric nerve from guinea-pig releases prostaglandin-like substance. PMID- 7250674 TI - Inhibition of rat brain monoamine oxidase by insecticides, acaricides and related compounds. PMID- 7250670 TI - Systemic and in vitro effects of GAD and GABA-T inhibitors on AADC activity and of AADC inhibitors on GAD. PMID- 7250675 TI - Interactions between PGBx and disophenol in the isolated perfused rat heart. PMID- 7250676 TI - Brain catecholamine levels and turnover in various models of obese animals. PMID- 7250677 TI - Effect of phloretin on transport processes in guinea-pig kidney cortex slices. PMID- 7250678 TI - The effect of chronic manganese administration on some neurochemical and physiological variables in neonatal rats. PMID- 7250680 TI - In vivo effect of temperature on the specific liver uptake and renal degradation of labeled human growth hormone in the turtle Chrysemys dorbigni. PMID- 7250681 TI - Effects of methyltestosterone on spermatogenesis and secondary sexual characters in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). PMID- 7250679 TI - The action of 5-hydroxytryptamine and possible 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists on neurones of the guinea-pig submucous plexus. PMID- 7250682 TI - [Effect of testosterone on the RNA polymerase I and II activity of the uropygial and cloacal glands of the male quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)]. PMID- 7250683 TI - An ultrastructural study of neurosecretory fibers within the corpora allata of Manduca sexta. PMID- 7250684 TI - The effects of individual and group penning of pigs on total and free plasma corticosteroids and the maximum corticosteroid binding capacity. PMID- 7250685 TI - Influence of prolactin on pineal gland activity in chicks. PMID- 7250687 TI - Pituitary and melanophore responses to background in Poecilia latipinna (teleostei): role of the pars intermedia PAS cell. PMID- 7250689 TI - A review of systems approaches to consultation-liaison psychiatry. The need for synthesis. AB - Five applications of systems theories to liaison psychiatry are reviewed. "Systems" is noted to have three distinct meanings as applied to consultation liaison psychiatry: as a metatheoretical construct, as a decision-making process, and as an organizing construct for social variables. It is proposed that the time is ripe for synthesis of the social systems theories, reduction to the most parsimonious use of variables, and empirical testing of their importance. General systems theories are seen as needing further development before they will be routinely useful in consultation-liaison psychiatry. PMID- 7250688 TI - Hypercalcemic effects of ovine prolactin on intact killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, subjected to different environmental calcium challenges. PMID- 7250686 TI - Avidin induction by estrogen and progesterone in the immature oviduct of chicken, Japanese Quail, duck, and gull. PMID- 7250690 TI - Psychological factors associated with severe abuse of the Hemodialysis diet. AB - Thirty-one maintenance hemodialysis patients were observed for a six-month period. Seven of these patients (22.6%) were severe and persistent abusers of the hemodialysis diet. Because there are serious, even lethal, consequences of the sequelae of hemodialysis diet abuse such as fluid overload and/or hyperkalemia, this finding demands explanation. All seven severe abusers were men and, as a group, their current life situation was devoid of typical adult male gratifications. Their developmental histories indicated major difficulties with resolution of dependency/independency conflicts. Statistical analysis of demographic data and extensive psychiatric interviews support this. The author postulates that severe abuse of the hemodialysis diet results in part from the combination of unresolved dependency conflict, unfavorable current environmental circumstances, and a dependency-provoking treatment regimen. Severe abuse of the hemodialysis diet may serve an adaptive function by allowing at least some gratification in one area of the lives of these patients who suffers severe deprivation. PMID- 7250691 TI - Stresses and coping in ICU nursing. I. A review. AB - The literature on stresses in ICU nursing is reviewed to help the liaison psychiatrist facilitate nurses' coping with the considerable stresses in their work environment. Excessive workloads and understaffing have been found to be the most intense stresses. Also important are intrapsychic and interpersonal issues such as emotional reaction to loss, conflicts between ICU personnel, and insecurity stimulated by great responsibility in patient care. The studies reviewed suggest that nurses cope with these stresses by talking things out, by active mastery of complex technical procedures, and by drawing on mutually shared past experiences. Based on the above findings, the authors suggest means to reduce stress and enhance ICU nurses' coping. PMID- 7250692 TI - Stresses and coping in ICU nursing. II. Nurse support groups on intensive care units. AB - Intensive care units (ICU) of hospitals are characteristically stressssful environments with high turnover of personnel. Support groups to help nurses deal with the stresses of the ICU environment have been widely recommended as a means to raise morale and increase communication, but are infrequently reported. Data on these groups are fragmentary. A review of the literature and correspondence with the authors of published papers demonstrated that most nurse support groups are open-ended groups with open membership, usually meeting for an hour a week, occasionally attended by nursing supervisors and unit physicians, and usually conducted by a liaison psychiatrist or a psychiatric consultant. Such groups are reported as positive experiences by nurses and group leaders. The small amounts of available objective evidence of the impact of support groups is positive; further research is required to arrive at a more definitive evaluation. PMID- 7250693 TI - Delirium tremens and precipitous behavior. An analysis of two cases. AB - Alcoholism exists in alarming numbers of medical and surgical patients, often adding significant difficulties to their hospital management. Patient experiencing delirium tremens are known to exhibit irrational behavior, such as attempts to escape the hospital by any available means. Two cases of surgical patients at Rochester General Hospital who jumped from windows are discussed. These cases are reviewed closely, revealing deficiencies in history taking, errors in pharmacotherapy, and lapses in nurse-physician communication. The psychiatric consultant is alerted to a potential role in helping his medical and surgical colleagues avert disasters such as those described. PMID- 7250695 TI - Adaptation of residents to consultation-liaison psychiatry. II. Working with the nonpsychiatric staff. AB - When working with the staff in a general hospital, psychiatry residents may be overly competitive, solicitous, or detached. These defensive reactions often arise because of the special challenges of performing a consultation, including the skepticism about the value of psychiatry and the demeaning or unrealistic expectations about what the psychiatrist can do. Furthermore, the psychiatry resident feels even more challenged if the attitudes and behavior of the staff must be changed for the patient's benefit. To affect this influence on the staff the psychiatry resident may need to assume a "liaison stance." This stance involves not only establishing a collegial alliance but also using modified therapeutic maneuvers to alter staff behavior. By applying psychodynamic knowledge to understand and potentially to influence the staff, psychiatry residents, as participant observers, can feel less helpless and frustrated by difficult liaison situations. PMID- 7250694 TI - Adaptation of residents to consultation-liaison psychiatry. I. Working with the physically ill. AB - When working with hospitalized physically ill patients, psychiatry residents may impose a pseudoanalytic, rigidly biological, or overly sympathetic approach. These approaches often fail to address the special requirements and altered psychological state of the physically ill. To have a therapeutic impact on such patients, the psychiatrist needs to assume an engaging, more spontaneous "therapeutic stance" and deviate from anonymity, abstinence, and neutrality. In learning how these deviations are dictated by the therapeutic intent by the patient's character style and psychodynamics, the resident acquires a model of influence useful in other areas of psychiatry. PMID- 7250696 TI - Social characteristics of a hemophilia clinic population. A survey and literature review. AB - The incidence and variety of social dysfunction in one hemophilia clinic patient population were identified through questionnaires completed by professionals; comparison with other hemophilia populations, as cited in the literature, revealed only slight differences. All population studies show a high incidence of social dysfunction, with little change through the years. Several apparent reasons for these findings in our patient population are: (a) the full effects of home treattment have not yet been felt or tabulated because questionnaires were completed during transition years when the rate of home treament went for 13% to 48%, (b) the complications of treatment are high, and (c) supportive educational and psychiatric services are scarce. A reassessment of social functioning of our patient population would be appropriate in six months to a year from now, to assess the impact of increased home treatment. Inhibitor patients in our clinic worked as frequently as other hemophiliacs and showed a slightly lower incidence of disability pay. Figures on social problems of inhibitor patients have not been found elsewhere in the literature. PMID- 7250697 TI - Admissions to a South African general hospital psychiatric unit. AB - In a study of admissions to the psychiatric unit of a general hospital from December 1, 1977, to November 30, 1978, data obtained from all 478 admitted patients were analyzed; the most prevalent condition was found to be neuroses, followed by organic brain syndromes. Most patients admitted fell into the 19--39 age groups, with a preponderance of male admissions between the ages of 6--39, but more admissions of females above 40. A significant difference in the occurrence of conditions between the sexes was noted: the most prevalent condition for males between the ages of 6--39 years was schizophrenia, while more females suffered from the neuroses. Males 40 years and older presented predominantly with organic brain syndromes; females in that age group presented predominantly with affective psychoses. The average length of stay for both sexes was eight days. Schizophrenia required the longest hospital stay, an average of 11 days. Seventy-eight patients (16.3%) were admitted more than once during the period of study. Conditions commonly associated with readmission were affective psychoses and schizophrenia. The role of the general hospital psychiatric unit and its advantages and shortcomings are discussed. PMID- 7250700 TI - Development of brief measures of psychological adjustment to medical illness applied to cancer patients. AB - The interrater reliability and validity of brief interview rated measures of psychosocial adjustment were examined in four sequential studies. A total of 25 videotaped interviews with cancer patients were rated by 105 social workers, nurses, physicians, and specialists in psychosocial oncology. The Rating of Psychosocial Function (RPF), Coping Adequacy Rating (CAR), and Global Adjustment to Illness Scale (GAIS) were used by various rating groups with an indication of interrater agreement. Agreement on ratings was not influenced by the length of interview (15 vs. 30 minutes) but appeared to the affected by the structure of the interview and profession of the raters. All three instruments showed a measure of matching with clinical impressions in addition to demonstrating a measure of both convergent and divergent construct validation. The GAIS was chosen as most adequately reflecting their clinical impression by a majority of raters. With a degree of training, any of the three instruments could be used to assess psychosocial adjustment with some measure of confidence in the validity of the rating. PMID- 7250699 TI - Central nervous system side effects of cimetidine. PMID- 7250698 TI - Psychosocial care in a medical genetics clinic. AB - In the process of genetic counseling, many patients and their families need psychosocial evaluation and care to help them cope with the genetic information and its implications. Such psychosocial work may be routine or extended. For two years we assessed the actual psychosocial evaluation and care provided by us in a medical genetics clinic, using six categories to classify the nature of a patient's need for extended psychosocial work. Of 138 new patients, 82 (59%) required extended psychosocial evaluation and care. In particular, young patients, seen with many family members, and requiring multiple medical consultations, were found to need the most extensive psychosocial care. Ongoing clinic patients (N = 35) referred for psychosocial care were used as a comparison group. We concluded that a significant number of patients and their families receiving genetic counseling also require extended psychosocial evaluation and care, and that these patients may be identifiable early in the counseling procedure. PMID- 7250701 TI - When psychiatric residents treat medical students. Passage through idealization and overidentification. AB - The author describes a survey of psychiatric residents and faculty supervisors inquiring as to problematic aspects of the psychotherapy of medical students when treated by residents. Medical students' idealization of and identification with their resident-therapist were found to produce a significant amount of discomfort for the trainee. Difficulties in the psychotherapies were also attributed to the numerous possibilities of identification by the residents with their medical student patients. The varied forms of identification are detailed through the use of clinical vignettes submitted by respondents. It is the author's contention that psychotherapies involving these "special patients" provide a window for examining many issues in the development of the resident's professional self. Given the increasing number of medical students electing some form of personal psychotherapy and the declining number entering psychiatry residency training, the timeliness of this issue is noted. PMID- 7250703 TI - The aging eye. PMID- 7250705 TI - Nursing homes and medical schools--the growing link. PMID- 7250704 TI - Treatment of cardiac tamponade in the elderly. PMID- 7250702 TI - Nucleotide sequence of human G gamma globin messenger RNA. AB - The nucleotide sequences of the entire coding portion and 3'-untranslated portion of the human G gamma globin mRNA have been determined by direct nucleotide sequence analysis of cloned human G gamma globin cDNAs. These nucleotides sequences have been compared to the previously published sequences of the human beta globin mRNA and A gamma globin mRNA. No differences were detected between the coding sequences of G gamma and A gamma globin mRNAs except for the expected difference at codon No. 136, but a number of differences were detected in the 3' untranslated sequences of the two mRNAs. Codon usage of G gamma globin mRNA, although similar to that of the related beta globin mRNA, displays a few notable differences such as the use of UUG for leucine and GGA for glycine that are not utilized in beta globin mRNA. PMID- 7250706 TI - Generalized chest pain in the elderly: what does it mean? PMID- 7250707 TI - Colon polyps: when are they malignant? PMID- 7250709 TI - Pulmonary embolism in the aging patient. PMID- 7250710 TI - Looking at eyelid lesions--a clinical roundup. PMID- 7250708 TI - Cardiovascular drugs for the geriatric patient. PMID- 7250711 TI - Combating sodium and potassium imbalance in older patients. PMID- 7250712 TI - [Effect of methylergovine on the secretion of prolactin in childbirth and the puerperium]. PMID- 7250713 TI - [Uterine sarcomas. Therapeutic evaluation and prognosis in 21 cases]. PMID- 7250714 TI - [Sterility of tubercular origin. Diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7250715 TI - [Obstetrics and perinatal medicine]. PMID- 7250717 TI - [Industrial hygiene and the health of medical workers: a most important social goal of the trade union]. PMID- 7250716 TI - [Experimental microsurgical technics. Applications in marital sterility]. PMID- 7250718 TI - [Characteristics of pregnancy and labor in women]. PMID- 7250719 TI - [Present occupational hygiene problems of dentists and dental technicians]. PMID- 7250720 TI - [Physiological characteristics of the work of dentists]. PMID- 7250722 TI - [Hygienic assessment of the radiation situation in x-ray diagnostic offices and means of improving it]. PMID- 7250723 TI - [Prospects and means of realizing research on the industrial hygiene of medical workers]. PMID- 7250721 TI - [Hygienic evaluation and means for the sanitary improvement of the working conditions of pharmacy workers]. PMID- 7250724 TI - [Role of preliminary and periodic medical examinations in preserving the health of medical workers]. PMID- 7250725 TI - [Organization of safe working conditions in pharmacies]. PMID- 7250727 TI - [Methodological approaches to studying the early skin changes in drug allergy in medical workers]. PMID- 7250726 TI - [Drug allergy in various categories of medical workers and in patients with allergic nose and sinus diseases]. PMID- 7250728 TI - [Diagnostic information on biochemical indices at various lead exposure levels]. PMID- 7250729 TI - [Hygienic standardization of sulfur hexafluoride]. PMID- 7250730 TI - [Correlation between the sympathetic-adrenal and cortical systems in dispatchers with peptic ulcer exposed to neuro-emotional stress]. PMID- 7250731 TI - [Experimental establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of dibromobenzanthrone in the air of the work area]. PMID- 7250733 TI - [Quantitative determination of kotoran]. PMID- 7250732 TI - [Experimental studies on calcium borate toxicity]. PMID- 7250734 TI - [Industrial hygiene and occupational pathology problems of medical workers with job contact with drug preparations]. PMID- 7250736 TI - [Intravenous infusion of 10% ethanol as a method of inhibiting uterine contraction in cases of threatened abortion and premature labor]. PMID- 7250735 TI - [Comprehensive clinical, hygienic and psychophysiological evaluation of the work and health of anesthesiologists]. PMID- 7250739 TI - [Course of subsequent pregnancy after conservative and surgical restoration of the ovulatory cycles]. PMID- 7250738 TI - [Management of pregnancy and labor in women with neutral goiter limiting their respiratory capacity]. PMID- 7250737 TI - [Obstetrical anesthesiological services for parturients with circulatory disorders]. PMID- 7250740 TI - [Scalp hematoma and blood bilirubin level in newborn infants]. PMID- 7250741 TI - [Case of uretero-cervical fistula as a result of cesarean section]. PMID- 7250743 TI - [Criteria of relativity of sexual norms]. PMID- 7250742 TI - [Treatment of toxoplasmosis in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 7250744 TI - Results of portal decompression in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Twenty-five patients with primary biliary cirrhosis undergoing portal decompression have been followed up for a mean of 51 months. Five patients with decompensated cirrhosis died postoperatively. Overall five year survival of 66% is comparable with that for other forms of cirrhosis but none of the long-term survivors, including three patients with a precirrhotic stage of primary biliary cirrhosis at the time of surgery, developed significant portal-systemic encephalopathy. The results suggest that portal decompression may be the therapy of choice for patients with well-compensated primary biliary cirrhosis who suffer recurrent variceal haemorrhage. PMID- 7250745 TI - Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis by measurement of lactoferrin in duodenal juice. AB - Lactoferrin is a non-enzymatic secretory protein of human pancreas and is specifically increased in pancreatic juice of patients with chronic pancreatitis. Duodenal contents being easier to obtain than pure pancreatic juice, the possibility of using lactoferrin measurement in duodenal juice as a diagnosis test for chronic pancreatitis was explored. Forty-eight patients were studied. Duodenal juice was obtained devoid of salivary contamination by a special double lumen tube. Under these conditions lactoferrin secretion (concentration and output) is increased in patients with chronic pancreatitis. When expressed as the ratio of lactoferrin to lipase units, there was no overlap between chronic pancreatitis and other pancreatic disease or controls. The simplicity and the reproducibility of the technique on a material as readily available as duodenal juice confirms the diagnostic value of lactoferrin measurement in the assessment of patients with suspected pancreatic disease. PMID- 7250746 TI - Exocrine pancreatic enzyme and calcium secretion in health and pancreatitis. AB - Calcium, enzyme, and total protein secretion were measured in secretin stimulated pancreatic juice in health, "early" chronic pancreatitis, and in chronic calcific pancreatitis. Increased concentrations of trypsin, total protein, and calcium, and increased outputs of calcium and protein were shown to be present in the "early" stages of the disease, indicating that an environment conducive to the formation of protein plugs and possibly later calcification already exists. PMID- 7250747 TI - Effect of endogenous pancreatic glucagon on gastric acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer before and after parietal cell vagotomy. AB - The effect of endogenous pancreatic glucagon on submaximal pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied by infusion of 1-arginine in patients with duodenal ulcer before and after parietal cell vagotomy without drainage (PCV). Preoperatively infusion of 1-arginine resulted in a marked inhibition of acid secretion, whereas no effect was found postoperatively. Plasma glucagon concentrations were identical pre- and postoperatively, fasting as well as during arginine infusion. Serum gastrin concentration rose after PCV but not unaffected by arginine infusion both pre- and postoperatively. The study demonstrates that intact vagal innervation of the fundic glands is a condition of inhibition of pentagastrin induced acid secretion by pancreatic glucagon released by infusion of 1-arginine. PMID- 7250748 TI - Gastric and duodenal polyps in familial polyposis coli. AB - Endoscopy with multiple biopsies of the upper gastrointestinal tract was repeated yearly over a two to six year period in nine patients with familial polyposis coli from three families. Adenomatous polyps, one to 20 in number and 2-8 mm in size, were detected in the antrum and the first and second duodenal portions in seven patients, while hyperplastic polyps were detected in four patients in the gastric body. In two patients adenomatous tubules were observed in the biopsies of endoscopically normal mucosa from the same area where adenomatous polyps later developed. Lymphoid polyps were detected in the antrum in three cases. Double contrast radiology correlated poorly with endoscopy in the gastric body; it allowed detection of polyps in the third duodenal portion in two more patients. These results confirm that the incidence of adenomas in the upper gastrointestinal tract in familial polyposis coli may be higher than previously suspected. PMID- 7250749 TI - Effective of highly selective vagotomy upon the lower oesophageal sphincter. AB - Recently highly selective vagotomy has been suggested as both a cause of gastro oesophageal reflux and a potential cure. This study was designed to investigate whether this operation produced any change in the resting pressure or the length of the lower oesophageal sphincter in patients undergoing highly selective vagotomy. A group of patients undergoing truncal vagotomy and drainage were also studied for comparison. No alteration in the resting pressure or length of the lower oesophageal sphincter was noted after either operation. It is therefore unlikely that interference with the sphincter is responsible for post-vagotomy reflux. PMID- 7250750 TI - Reduction of gastrointestinal protein loss by elemental diet in Crohn's disease of the small bowel. AB - Seven patients with hypoalbuminaemia and extensive jejunoileal Crohn's disease were treated with an elemental diet for 28 to 56 days. Over this time there was an increase in total plasma proteins from mean of 49.1 to 59.0 g/l and a mean rise in serum albumin from 20.7 to 30.0 g/l (P less than 0.05). In addition, there was a 47% mean reduction in plasma protein loss into the gastrointestinal tract and a rise in blood lymphocyte count in all patients (P less than 0.05). These results suggests that, as well as providing nutritional support, elemental diets reduce protein and lymphocyte loss from the diseased intestine. PMID- 7250751 TI - Aetiology of acute diarrhoea in adults. AB - We have studied 73 adults with acute diarrhoea and identified a micro-organism or toxin likely to be the cause in 58%. In addition to routinely cultured bacteria, Campylobacter coli/jejuni and Clostridium difficile were important pathogens in the community. Patients who developed diarrhoea after antibiotic use had a distinctive clinical syndrome and comprised the third largest group of cases. Clinical, epidemiological, and histological features in an additional group with negative cultures and no antibiotic history suggest that an additional bacterial pathogen remains to be identified as a cause of acute diarrhoea in adults. PMID- 7250753 TI - Trauma and the pyoderma gangrenosum of inflammatory bowel disease. AB - In five patients with inflammatory bowel disease (three with ulcerative colitis, two with Crohn's disease), pyoderma gangrenosum developed on a lower extremity at the site of trauma. In these subjects, the pyoderma was not clearly correlated with disease activity. PMID- 7250752 TI - Effect of gel-forming gums on the intestinal unstirred layer and sugar transport in vitro. AB - The effect of two gel-forming polysaccharide gums, guar gum and Na-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), on glucose transport in vitro was investigated using everted sacs of rat jejunum. The gums were added to the mucosal bathing media to give apparent viscosities in the range of 1-110 Pascal seconds X 10(-3), mPa.s(cP). Serosal glucose transport fell steeply by about 60% as the viscosities of the mucosal media rose to 20mPa.s, and levelled off thereafter. A similar effect was observed in sacs preincubated with guar gum (15 minutes) and exposed to glucose in a subsequent guar-free incubation. Glucose transport with and without the addition of guar gum was found to be sensitive to mucosal stirring, so that, when shaken at 130 oscillations per minute, sacs exposed to guar gum (0.25 %, viscosity c.a. 16 mPa.s (cP) transported glucose at a similar rate to sacs incubated without guar at 80 oscillations per minute. By measuring the time course for the establishment of osmotic induced potentials, it was shown that incubation with guar or CMC led to an increase in the apparent thickness of the unstirred fluid layer overlying the mucosa (guar-free thickness = 317 +/- 15 mu, guar treated thickness = 468 +/- 25 mu). It is suggested that the presence of a polysaccharide gum in the fluid film surrounding the villi increases its viscosity, and thus gives rise to a thickening of the rate-limiting unstirred layer. If such an effect occurs in vivo, this could contribute to the diminished post-prandial glycaemia observed in human subjects fed guar gum. PMID- 7250754 TI - Prognostic factors in granulosa-cell tumors. PMID- 7250755 TI - Surgical and combination therapy of cancer of the cervix uteri stages Ib and IIa. PMID- 7250756 TI - Bladder dysfunction following radical abdominal hysterectomy. PMID- 7250757 TI - The value of needle biopsy in the diagnosis of gynecologic cancer. PMID- 7250758 TI - The use of dinitrochlorobenzene in the treatment of vulvar carcinoma in situ. PMID- 7250759 TI - A comparison of two radioimmunoassay methods for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with ovarian or cervical cancer. PMID- 7250761 TI - Percutaneous retroperitoneal lymph node biopsy: an appraisal for a substitute to laparotomy in far advanced metastatic carcinoma. PMID- 7250760 TI - Choriocarcinoma occurring within the normal placenta with breast metastasis. PMID- 7250762 TI - Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor of the vulva in a pregnant female. PMID- 7250763 TI - Pseudosarcomatous fasciitis of the vulva. PMID- 7250764 TI - Carcinoid tumor within a squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 7250765 TI - Benign mesothelioma of the cul-de-sac. A tumor with misleading histologic pattern in an unusual localization. PMID- 7250766 TI - [Advice on scientific research on the aged person]. AB - A few years ago, the Ministry of Culture, Recreation and Social Welfare inaugurated a Planning group to establish a scientific program for research on ageing. This contribution gives comment on this advice just published. In general the program will only be used to a certain extent. The planning group advises to inaugurate another steering committee, that should control the research itself and its evaluation. The commentators hope that this steering committee will be enabled to apply the program in a fairly independent way. Why: because the advice lacks a strong structure. It is clear that the gerontological field is such a vast area, that it is impossible to do research on all topics. Therefore, we need some more clear alternatives to choose between. The commentators stress three different alternatives: 1. the fundamental research in bio-medical as well as in behavioural sciences; 2. the major practical problems of ageing people and their support; 3. accent on development of methods and measures. The comment emphasizes also the conditions for research-education at university level and the stimulation of grants for developing new research projects. In addition, some remarks are made about the composition of the planning group. Unfortunately, in that group the medical practitioner and the psychologist were missing. PMID- 7250767 TI - [Research policy in gerontology: "Advice on programs and tools in gerontological research"]. AB - The 'Planninggroup for Gerontological research' published in february 1981 the 'Research plan in gerontology in the Netherlands'. In this article attention is given to some characteristics of science policy in the Netherlands during the last few years. Some features of the history and methods of working of the Planninggroup are pointed out. Next the main recommendations of the research-plan are stated: The premises on which the programming is based; the considerations to obtain a balance in attention paid to several research-fields; criteria for priority-setting (both scientific and social relevance criteria). Based on symptoms and problems in processes of aging twelve research-fields are chosen. Within these fields principal topics are further developed. The premises and criteria result into the selection of 22 priority research-projects. Recommendations are made for execution of the research-plan. It is suggested to establish a so called 'Gerontology Research Commission'. The task is to coordinate execution of the program within a 5-year period. Ways to execute the research-plan are given. A significant governmental investment in research on aging (100 research-positions in the 5 year period) is needed. In the discussion some consideration is given to the investment in manpower in gerontological research in the Netherlands and the costs of making the research-plan. The relation of the plan with the existing research-situation is stressed. PMID- 7250768 TI - [Psychiatric considerations concerning the competency for making a will]. AB - Incompetency in terms of one legal function does not necessarily mean incompetency in terms of all. Once a person has been found 'mentally ill' or 'insane', he is not to be considered as incompetent for all legal purposes, including his competency to make a will. Testamentary capacity may be consistent with mental disorder and should be determined on narrow standards applicable to this specific legal function. As yet the standards that have been formulated by most courts emphasize almost exclusively cognitive capacity. As a psychiatrist, the author strongly feels that testamentary capacity must meet 'affective' criteria as well. Under all circumstances one should bear in mind both cognitive and affective criteria, when assessing one's competency at the moment he prepares his will, or when testifying in court concerning the testamentary capacity of a testator, now deceased, at the time he made the provision. PMID- 7250769 TI - [Clinico-chemical and hematologic parameters in the course of pregnancy]. PMID- 7250770 TI - [Experiences with a simplified form of the roll-over test]. PMID- 7250773 TI - [Sense and nonsense of hormone determinations in gynecology and obstetrics. Secondary amenorrhea, androgenization, sterility]. PMID- 7250772 TI - [Anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 7250771 TI - [Cervix and vaginal cytology in IUD prophylaxis]. PMID- 7250774 TI - [Hormone determinations during perimenopause]. PMID- 7250776 TI - [Hormonal diagnosis in early pregnancy]. PMID- 7250775 TI - [Sense and nonsense of hormone determinations in obstetrics and gynecology: late pregnancy]. PMID- 7250777 TI - [Psychological aspects of contraception with Multiload Cu50]. PMID- 7250780 TI - Endometrial carcinoma: histopathology, survival, and exogenous estrogens. AB - Pathologic material was reviewed and survival data were obtained on 182 of the endometrial cancer patients reported in our previous study (1975) to compare histopathologic characteristics and clinical behavior (survival) between endometrial adenocarcinoma in estrogen users and nonusers. In addition, relative risk estimates of estrogen-associated endometrial carcinoma were calculated from review results. This work identifies estrogen users as having a significant higher frequency of low-grade tumor with an associated improved survival even when numerous clinical parameters are taken into account. Other histologic or clinical characteristics of the disease did not relate significantly to estrogen use after taking account of histologic grade. The marked increase in endometrial cancer risk among estrogen users was confirmed by the pathology review (relative risk 6.44) and is evident even when attention is restricted to disease that has invaded the myometrium (relative risk 6.09). PMID- 7250778 TI - Development and classification of parovarian cysts. An ultrastructural study. AB - In this study the scanning and transmission electron microscopical features of parovarian cysts were analyzed to further the determination of histogenesis, development, classification and differential diagnosis of these lesions. Paramesonephric type lesions showed ciliated and microvillous cells, sometimes in a wavy arrangement with grooves and holes, similar to the oviduct epithelium. The mesonephric type consisted of an epithelium of tightly arranged angular cells with minimally developed surface structures. Destruction of specialized surface structures was frequently seen, epithelial proliferation was uncommon. PMID- 7250779 TI - Preoperative administration of prostaglandin to avoid dilatation-induced damage in first-trimester pregnancy terminations. AB - A prospective, randomized, controlled study was carried out to investigate the dilating and softening effect on the cervix of prostaglandin F2-alpha gel administered intracervically and of prostaglandin E2 tablets administered orally. A total of 581 patients were included in the study: 149 received 2.5 mg prostaglandin F2-alpha in gel form intracervically, 150 received 1 mg prostaglandin E2 in tablet form orally, 138 were given placebo gel and 144 no medication at all. In the group given prostaglandin F2-alpha gel intracervically, success was achieved in 85.8% of patients and partial success in 8.8%. In the group given prostaglandin E2 tablets orally, the results were successful in 29.4% and partially successful in 40.6%. The incidence of side effects in the group given prostaglandin F2-alpha gel was rather high - 53%. The results show that prostaglandin can bring about a certain softening of the cervix, but side effects cannot be ruled out. Nevertheless, priming of the cervix is to be recommended in young primigravidas. PMID- 7250781 TI - Effect of copper intrauterine devices on the chemical composition of rabbit oviduct fluid. AB - Oviduct fluid, collected from 65 mature, female rabbits in estrus and in which a modified copper intrauterine device (IUD) was introduced by laparotomy in one of the uterine horns, was examined for chemical composition. No differences were noted for sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and bicarbonate between the two sides. The copper content was found to be significantly higher in the IUD side (12.80 +/- 3.01 microgram/100 ml), as compared to the control side (9.0 +/- 1.0 microgram/100 ml), the toxicity of which, to blastocyst development, has been reported in some cases. Total protein in the experimental side was significantly higher (258.52 +/- 36.22 mg/100 ml) than in the control side (156.67 +/- 26.45 mg/100 ml). The same was found for sialic acid, 5.30 +/- 0.62 microgram/ml, compared to 3.66 +/- 0.27 microgram/ml, suggesting that a part of the increased protein can be ascribed to glycoprotein. Oviduct fluid glucose was found to be lower in the copper IUD side than in the control side (10.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 17.7 +/- 0.3 mg/100 ml). These findings may be explained on the basis of an inflammatory process, taking place in the side of the copper IUD, and should be used with cautiousness in adolescent, and nulligravidae women. PMID- 7250782 TI - Comparison of oral prostaglandin E2 and intravenous oxytocin for induction of labour. AB - 153 oral prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inductions of labour were compared with 172 inductions with oxytocin. Details of these inductions are presented. After review of the data we assumed that induction of labour with oral PGE2 is less hazardous to mother or infant than with oxytocin. The similarity between the contractions of spontaneous labour and those labours produced by PGE2 is represented by the caesarean section rate in cases of effective induction. The operative delivery rate in the oxytocin-treated group was significantly higher. The need for close observation of the progress of labour during PGE2 inductions is emphasized. PMID- 7250785 TI - Neonatal platelet function: a membrane-related phenomenon? AB - Synthesis of prostaglandin endoperoxides was evaluated in paired maternal and cord blood samples. Platelets from mothers and neonates aggregated normally in response to arachidonic acid (AA). Cyclooxygenase activity was evaluated by monitoring the incorporation of radioactivity into prostaglandin endoperoxide metabolites after incubation with 1-14C-AA. Thin layer radiochromatograms of methylated incubation products revealed three main peaks corresponding to 12-L hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT), and 8-(1-hydroxy-3-oxoproply)-9,12-L-dihydroxy-5,10-heptadecadienoic acid (TXB2). Maternal and neonatal platelets incorporated similar amounts of radioactivity into HHT and TXB2. Radioimmunoassay for TXB2 in thrombin-clotted PRP revealed no significant differences between maternal and neonatal platelets. Since these metabolites are derived from cyclic endoperoxides formed by the action of cyclooxygenase on AA, we conclude that prostaglandin endoperoxide synthesis is fully developed in neonatal platelets. Mutual correction of collagen induced platelet aggregation and ADP release was observed when equal volumes of neonatal and aspirin-treated adult platelet-rich plasma were mixed. Therefore, since neonatal platelets contain normal amounts of storage pool nucleotides, we also conclude that the defective secondary aggregation and release seen in neonatal platelets is caused by a failure in the release of AA from membrane phospholipids upon stimulation with collagen or epinephrine. PMID- 7250784 TI - Some ultrastructural observations on the endometrium of IUD users. PMID- 7250783 TI - HCG, progesterone and 17-beta-estradiol levels during extra-amniotically induced early abortion by a new prostaglandin derivative (Sulprostone). AB - A new prostaglandin E2 derivative (Sulprostone) was given extra-amniotically to 17 healthy women, who were 7-8 weeks pregnant, in order to assess the plasma profile of HCG, 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and progesterone and to evaluate the effectiveness and overall acceptability of the method in relation to different dose levels. On the lowest dose level (5 micrograms) only 3 of 7 patients aborted within a 3-to 6-day period. At higher dose levels (10 and 15 micrograms, respectively) 9 out of 10 women exhibited clinical evidence of an abortion. In the group who aborted, E2, progesterone, and HCG decreased continuously, whereas in the nonabortion group decreased levels were found 3 and 6 h after administration of the drug, but already after 24 h the values had again increased. Practically all treated women experienced lower abdominal discomfort, 7 (41%) reported the pains being severe. Vomiting and/or diarrhea occurred in 4 patients (24%). Similarly to other hitherto tested prostaglandins in humans, this new analogue exhibits its effect primarily through direct stimulatory effect on the uterine smooth muscle, resulting in subsequent decline in the concentrations of HCG, E2, and progesterone. In the group of successful inductions the decrease of the HCG concentration was close the half-time of HCG, indicating a permanent damage to the placenta. Despite the high success rate at a dose of 10 micrograms or more, the side effects, mainly abdominal cramps. were too severe to make this method feasible for the induction of early abortion when comparing to the available routine procedure of rapid vacuum curettage used on an outpatients basis. PMID- 7250786 TI - Characterization of cryofibrinogen isolated from patients plasma. AB - The cryofibrinogen of 27 patients was studied by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunochemical methods. Electrophoretic analysis of the isolated cryofibrinogens, as well as the proteins left after heat or thrombin defibrination, showed that cryofibrinogen is composed of two proteins, fibrin(ogen) and cold-insoluble globulin (CIg). A proportion of the fibrin(ogen) component formed stabilized oligomers interlinked through gamma-gamma dimerization. The degree of fibrin(ogen) proteolysis, as judged by measuring the alpha:gamma ratio of the reduced samples, was very similar to that of the fibrinogen of the original plasma. The CIg:fibrin(ogen) molar ratio in the cryofibrinogens was 0.04 +/- 0.018. The CIg and the fibrin(ogen) content of the cryofibrinogens were strongly correlated with the plasma CIg levels. PMID- 7250790 TI - [Long term results with a new lunate bone prosthesis]. AB - In the University of Essen Orthopaedic Clinic a lunate prosthesis was developed. Three different sizes are available. The strongest indication for this prosthesis is complete destruction of the lunate. Advanced arthritis and heavy manual work are contraindications. Since 1974, fourteen prostheses have been implanted. Nine patients have been followed for an average of 2.1 years. Range of motion and strength of the wrist were reduced on the average of 50 percent. A higher proportion is free of pain despite evidence of progressive arthritis. This prosthesis may be a reasonable treatment modality for a problem without good therapeutic alternatives. PMID- 7250789 TI - [Mammography--its use in hand surgery]. AB - "Mammography" is a special radiological technique employed for soft tissues. It is possible with this technique to detect microcalcifications in the breast, especially in the soft connective tissue of the mammary gland. In hand surgery it is often a problem to detect and diagnose radiolucent foreign bodies, soft tissue tumors, or even sometimes bone tumors. We have, therefore, on the basis of our special experience in "Mammography of the Tendo achilles" developed a similar technique for soft tissue diagnosis in hand surgery. In this study we give the exposure technique and four examples of this special investigation in osteoid osteoma, injuries with glass particles of a finger-joint, an explosion injury of the hand and an assessment of a glass injury of the soft tissues. PMID- 7250788 TI - [Late results after thumb replantation]. AB - 72 cases of thumb amputation and replantation were studied, 50% of which resulted from saw injuries and 20% from avulsions. 64 (88,9%) of the thumbs survived. The functional results in 52 available for review show that 95% achieved a good or satisfactory result. This demonstrates clearly that a thumb amputation is always an absolute indication for a replantation. In a multiple amputation case, where the thumb is destroyed or absent one should do a primary finger transfer. In such cases also we achieved similar good results. PMID- 7250787 TI - Natural inhibitors and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products in patients with myocardial infarction. AB - The activity of the inhibitor of activated Stuart factor (anti-Xa) was evaluated together with the activity of the antiactivator of plasminogen (antiplasminogen) and the amount and nature of the fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDP), as indicators of the existence of the risk for hypercoagulability in patients with acute and recent myocardial infarction (AMI and RMI, respectively). The activity of anti-Xa was diminished in the AMI group with a p less than 0.001. The antiplasminogen activity was increased in both groups with a p less than 0.001; on the other hand, the amount of FDP was increased in the AMI patients and they were of the 'early' type, while in the RMI group the increase was not as marked, but the FDP were of the 'late' type. In both groups the euglobulin lysis time was very prolonged, while the plasminogen did not vary significantly. The tests described appear to be valuable tools for studying the status of the cardiovascular system during cardiac rehabilitation. PMID- 7250791 TI - [The ulnar nerve compression syndrome]. AB - The ulnar nerve has to bear a large amount of compression, especially in the cubital tunnel, which can be deducted from the topographic relation of this nerve to the elbow. Apart from tightness of the tunnel, intraarticular changes can also cause compression of the nerve. A further narrow tunnel in the course of the ulnar nerve is the "loge de GUYON", situated in the hypothenar region. A careful neurological examination of sensory and motor signs as well as an accurate electromyographical examination differentiate compression syndromes from other neuropathies. Two unusual cases of a functional cubital tunnel syndrome are demonstrated: their cause was primarily a chondromatosis of the elbow joint in one case a functional vasal compression in the other case. PMID- 7250792 TI - [The treatment of Dupuytren's contracture from the medical gymnastic standpoint]. AB - A special treatment program has been developed for each individual patient. Each day the patient receives three different treatment modalities--active exercises, passive exercises and electrical stimulation. On days when X-ray therapy is administered, the patient performs only active exercises and receives no electrical stimulation. The patient is also directed to perform certain exercises at home. Patients are advised strongly against the use of hot baths. Dynamic splints are adjusted regularly. In winter and during cold weather, patients are instructed to wear gloves. This therapy, combined with meticulous surgical technique, permits the rehabilitation of most hands affected by Dupuytren's contracture. The goal of rehabilitation is tailored to the needs of the patient and should include a sufficiently strong grasp, chuck pinch and possibly a good pulp pinch. When necessary, the therapy should be continued for long periods of time because a small gain in mobility may represent a significant improvement in overall function of the hand. PMID- 7250793 TI - Nail-bolt gun injuries. PMID- 7250794 TI - [Intraneural compression of the ulnar nerve caused by a ganglion of the tendon sheath. A case report]. PMID- 7250795 TI - [A case of anterior interosseus nerve lesion (Kiloh-Nevin syndrome)]. AB - A case is reported of an isolated traumatic anterior interosseus nerve lesion by the patient's walking with crutches after application of a leg plaster. The literature is discussed and the importance of anatomic variants is pointed out. These may produce an anterior interosseus nerve palsy with or without identifiable trauma. The knowledge of these variants is important in considering and in undertaking neurolysis. PMID- 7250796 TI - [Isolated traumatic lesions of the motor nerve branches in the hand]. AB - Isolated injuries of the motor branches of the median and ulnar nerve in the hand are rare. The resulting loss of function is so important that primary or secondary repair is necessary. Using microsurgery techniques the results are very satisfying. The procedure is demonstrated in three cases: 1. Primary perineural suture in a case of double severance of the motor branch of the median nerve caused by the blow of an axe. 2. Resection of neuroma and secondary suture of the motor branch of the median nerve after former knife cut. 3. Bridging a gap in the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve by autologous nerve grafting after former stab injury of the hypothenar eminence. In all patients denervation after the injury as well as regeneration in the healing process was demonstrated by myography. PMID- 7250798 TI - [Rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon]. AB - On the basis of an extensive follow-up study, the transfer of the extensor indicis tendon to the thumb following rupture of the extensor pollicis longus is recommended as the procedure of choice. If attention is paid to certain technical details, good to very good results can be obtained. PMID- 7250799 TI - Polydactyly in Japan. AB - The author has studied 194 cases of polydactyly in the Japanese, and found 87% of the cases to be preaxial polydactyly. Preaxial polydactyly differed from postaxial polydactyly in many points. In preaxial polydactyly, the more proximal the level of bifurcation, the more frequent was the complication by a brachymesophalangy 5. Hypoplasia of the thenar muscles, while also varying with the level of bifurcation, was more closely connected with the presence of triphalangism. In almost all cases of preaxial polydactyly, the apical ectodermal ridge may be the site of pathogenesis. PMID- 7250800 TI - [Congenital synostosis of the lunate and triquetral carpal bones (os lunatotriquetrum)]. PMID- 7250801 TI - [Critical remarks on examination methods to determine nerve injuries of the hand]. AB - The diagnosis of peripheral nerve lesions remains difficult despite the sophisticated technology which is currently available. Experience with the Doppler, photoelectrical plethysmography and flow studies is analysed. Recording of antidromic sensory action potentials in dependence on acral thermometry as the only objective diagnostic procedure proved correct when compared with the indirect procedures via arterial vascular system, namely Doppler, photoelectrical plethysmography and flow studies. The application of the above techniques in a case report with sphygmographic assessment is described. PMID- 7250802 TI - [Several years' experience with thumb saddle joint prosthesis by the de la Caffiniere method]. AB - This type of endoprosthesis was used for four years in chronically painful idiopathic osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Our results match exactly those published by the originator of the endoprosthesis CAFFINIERE, i.e. 70% excellent results, nearly 30% problem cases. The problem of loosening of the stem or the cup of the prosthesis seems to depend in our cases on the operative technique rather than on the design or other factors. In the rheumatoid patient as well as in polyarthrotic hands we cannot encourage the prosthetic replacement of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. PMID- 7250803 TI - [Animal experiments on the stability of small fragment screws]. AB - Animal experiments reveal that stability may be achieved in small metaphyses also by "small-fragment" screws if applied correctly. Although the bone fixation of lag screws is greater than that of positioning screws the latter still make internal fixation stable enough for early mobilization. With continuing bone healing there is decreasing screw stability though it is not lost completely. The forces exerted by the screws on bone or plate, respectively, therefore seem to provide enough stability for the osteosynthesis on the operating day as well as for the entire duration of the healing. If the screws ever come loose it is usually due to faulty operating technique. PMID- 7250804 TI - [Ganglion in the ulnar nerve sulcus as a cause of ulnar nerve irritation]. AB - A ganglion at the cubital tunnel is a rare cause of ulnar nerve compression. Wrong or late diagnosis may be common. In one of the two described cases the diagnosis was made promptly, so that the early operation was followed by full restitution. In the other patient, at first the site of compression was supposed to be at the wrist. Only at the second operation was the ganglion in the cubital tunnel detected and removed. The result was unsatisfactory because motor loss was permanent. PMID- 7250797 TI - [Very small ganglia as the cause of wrist pain]. AB - In 10 patients with severe pain localised over the dorsal aspect of the lunate, the capsule of the wrist joint was exposed and fenestrated over the scapho-lunate ligament. In two cases flat ganglion cysts were found, too small to be palpated before surgery. In the other 8 cases without macroscopically visible changes, histologically, areas of mucoid degeneration and very small ganglion cysts could be seen in the capsule. All patients were pain free after surgery. It is concluded that very small intracapsular cysts in the area of the dorsal scapho lunate ligament, the most common origin of ganglia, may irritate the posterior interosseus nerve which is located in this area. PMID- 7250805 TI - [Intra-articular block of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger]. AB - A case of rare intraarticular block of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger is described. This block occurs exclusively in the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger in young persons as a result of trauma which forces the joint into severe flexion and strong ulnar deviation while maintaining normal articular relationship. PMID- 7250806 TI - [Spontaneous osteolysis of the carpus (Gorham syndrome?)]. AB - Osteolysis following trauma (vanishing bone) is well known. Its appearance is not typical to any special anatomical site. A massive osteolysis of the carpus was described by GORHAM in 1955. In subsequent years this type of osteolysis was found together with progressive nephropathy. The author presents a case of exclusively carpal osteolysis without initial trauma, not accompanied by nephropathy, starting out at the age of six. The carpal bones were completely destroyed by the age of eleven. PMID- 7250808 TI - The future of hospital blood banking. PMID- 7250807 TI - [A case of carpo-tarsal osteolysis]. PMID- 7250809 TI - Red blood cell preservation in protein-poor media. 2. Studies of changes in red cell shape during storage. AB - Red cells stored for up to 35 days have been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Formation of spicules occurred under all storage conditions in CPD and CPD-adenine whole blood, CPD-adenine red cell concentrate, and saline-adenine glucose red cell concentrate. The number of cells with normal or near normal shape was larger if the blood was stored as a moderately concentrated suspension in saline-adenine-glucose medium or in autologous plasma as compared to the storage as whole blood. The occurrence of echinocytes during storage at +4 degrees C was not correlated to red cell ATP. It was shown that a drastic reduction of ATP leads to an increased formation of both spherocytes and echinocytes. The change of red cell shape during storage at +4 degrees C thus can be due to two processes, one unrelated to ATP and another related to ATP. Why storage as red cell concentrate is superior is not fully understood. PMID- 7250810 TI - The provision of plasma for the derivatives program of the Swiss Red Cross blood transfusion service. PMID- 7250811 TI - Current concepts in the utilization and provision of human albumin. PMID- 7250812 TI - Lymphocyte marker testing in relation to the clinical use of dialyzed leukocyte extract containing transfer factor (DLE-LTF). PMID- 7250814 TI - The Zwa antigen and its significance today. PMID- 7250813 TI - Studies on the composition and elimination of circulating immune complexes in leukaemia. AB - Longitudinal studies for the detection of circulating immune complexes (CIC-s) were performed in leukaemic patients using three methods in parallel. Results of these studies indicated that immune complexes in leukaemia are heterogeneous and their composition changes in the course of the disease. These results were supported by the changes in the concentration of a complement component (C1) and in the IgG subclasses in the immune complex-enriched fraction prepared by polyethylene glycol precipitation from different serum samples of individual patients with leukaemia. CIC-s from leukaemic patients are normally engulfed by granulocytes of healthy donors. The phagocytic capacity of leukaemic blast cells is hampered. The phagocytic activity through Fc and C3 receptors of peripheral mononuclear cells of leukaemic patients did not run parallel. On the basis of these studies it may be surmised that the total phagocytic capacity of the leukaemic patients cannot keep pace with the increased rate of immune complex formation. PMID- 7250815 TI - A new HLA-C antigen: T8. PMID- 7250816 TI - Function and role of peritoneal macrophages in experimental leukaemia. AB - The specific and nonspecific function of peritoneal macrophages of leukaemic mice has been studied as well as the role of these cells in the induction of lymphocyte cytotoxicity against leukaemic cells in vitro. It was found that the phagocytic and digestive function of the peritoneal macrophages remains normal, but the macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity against leukaemic cells is rare and weak in both allogeneic and syngeneic forms of grafted leukaemia. Utilizing the system of generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte tumour cell cultures in vitro, it was observed that the addition of specifically activated syngeneic macrophages lowers the rate of generated cytotoxicity. The mechanism of macrophage-induced suppression is discussed. PMID- 7250817 TI - Training of blood transfusion teams. AB - 1. Training of the staff of Blood Transfusion Centres (BTC-s) and postgraduate teaching of clinicians represent a core problem in establishing an efficient National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS.) 2. The teaching programme should be adapted to the basic function of the BTS. 3. The training programme should give the staff theoretical basis and technical skill to ensure that the BTC can provide the region with whole blood, blood cell concentrates and plasma fractions of guaranteed biological activity. 4. It should demonstrate in practice the importance of a close contact between BTC-s and clinical units. 5. The lack of experts in developing countries is one of the most important limiting factor in the development of their NBTS. Since haematology and immunology overlap and intersect with blood transfusion, the best solution is to train physicians in blood transfusion, haematology and immunology in a combined specialist's training scheme. This type of training renders specialists who are not merely heads of "bottling factories", but who in addition to their high level work in blood transfusion will be well versed in two other specialties both indispensable in modern clinical diagnostics and therapy and in the fight against population diseases. PMID- 7250818 TI - Formation of debris in stored human blood. AB - The formation of debris in human blood, stored under standard blood bank conditions, was investigated by measuring debris weight, screen filtration pressure (SFP) and counting the number of aggregates. Formation of microaggregates was most pronounced in blood five to fifteen days old as was the SFP. A tendency of progressive increase was found in debris weight with storage time. PMID- 7250819 TI - [Splenic anomalies and congenital heart disease]. PMID- 7250820 TI - [Screening for glaucoma and impaired vision]. PMID- 7250821 TI - [Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 7250822 TI - [Total hip arthroplasty in Gaucher's disease]. PMID- 7250823 TI - [Intermittent abdominal mass secondary to colonic duplication]. PMID- 7250824 TI - [Cure of chondrosarcoma following incomplete resection]. PMID- 7250825 TI - [Postpartum acute renal failure with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 7250826 TI - [Sudden paraplegia due to spinal osteoblastoma]. PMID- 7250827 TI - [A splint for stenosing tenovaginitis of the finger]. PMID- 7250828 TI - [Sinus arrest in recurrent hyperkalemia]. PMID- 7250829 TI - [Echocardiography in left atrial ball thrombus simulating myxoma]. PMID- 7250830 TI - [Pregnancy and breast carcinoma]. PMID- 7250831 TI - [Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia]. PMID- 7250832 TI - [Evaluation of nonurgent medical care in the emergency room]. PMID- 7250833 TI - [Lactose intolerance]. PMID- 7250834 TI - [The leukemogenetic action of cytotoxic drugs]. PMID- 7250835 TI - [Pure red cell aplasia]. PMID- 7250836 TI - [New criteria for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7250837 TI - [Diabetes--expression of an anomaly of the immunologic reaction]. PMID- 7250838 TI - [Early repolarization: an ECG syndrome or a distinct nosologic entity?]. PMID- 7250839 TI - [Return to work after acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7250840 TI - [A new surgical approach to prevent recurrence of varicose veins]. PMID- 7250841 TI - [Delay in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma]. PMID- 7250842 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in breast cancer metastases following intralesional injections of MER]. PMID- 7250844 TI - [Incidence of congenital malformations among Jewish and non-Jewish newborns]. PMID- 7250845 TI - [Single stage operation for pilonidal sinus]. PMID- 7250843 TI - [Intracerebral calcifications]. PMID- 7250846 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocyte subpopulations in lymphoproliferative disease]. PMID- 7250849 TI - [The surgical option in uncomplicated Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 7250850 TI - [Malignant histiocytosis accompanied by hypogammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 7250848 TI - [Bilateral total knee and hip arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis in an adolescent]. PMID- 7250847 TI - [Central nervous system complications following rubella]. PMID- 7250851 TI - [Chiasmal syndrome as a presentation of carcinomatosis]. PMID- 7250852 TI - [Autoerythrocytic sensitization in psychogenic purpura]. PMID- 7250853 TI - [Burst abdomen and its prevention]. PMID- 7250854 TI - [New therapeutic approaches to Paget's disease of bone]. PMID- 7250855 TI - [Active and passive immunization against hepatitis]. PMID- 7250856 TI - [Side effects of ultrasound examinations]. PMID- 7250857 TI - [Bacteria isolation from patients undergoing antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 7250858 TI - [Milk alkali syndrome]. PMID- 7250862 TI - Quantitative evaluation of the noise level in the pathologic voice. PMID- 7250861 TI - Research on the principle of electroglottography. PMID- 7250859 TI - [Comparison of bioavailability of pilocarpine]. PMID- 7250863 TI - [Articulatory dyspraxia. A disorder of motor programming in the Broca association cortex]. PMID- 7250864 TI - Vibratory pattern of the vocal folds. PMID- 7250860 TI - [Stress phonography]. PMID- 7250866 TI - Deaths among narcotic addicts in Denmark in 1978 and 1979. AB - Since 1968 the number of deaths registered among narcotic addicts has increased considerably from 9 deaths in 1968 to 121 in 1979. Data concerning 215 deaths among narcotic addicts in 1978 and 1979 examined at the three Danish University Institutes of Forensic Medicine are presented. Four-fifths of the cases were males; the average age in both males and females was 26 years. In most cases a mixed abuse was present, the predominant drug being heroin. In 27% of the cases there was an abuse of alcohol. The material was divided into two groups. Group A included 181 cases in which the cause of death was poisoning by one or more drugs. In group B (34 cases) narcomania was a contributory factor to death. The place of death, gross autopsy findings and toxicological data are reported. The manner of death was in 62% of the cases stated as accident, in 19% as suicide, in 14% as accident?/suicide?, in 3% as natural death and finally in 1% as homicide. Next to traffic accidents narcotic addiction today is the greatest single cause of death in the age group 18 - 35 years. These facts call for active political steps against narcotic addiction. PMID- 7250869 TI - Colorimetric determination of endrin in biological materials. PMID- 7250867 TI - Tumours and sudden death. AB - A series of 27 sudden deaths caused by tumours, amounting to 1.2% of all deaths in the 5-year period studied, is found to include 9 cases where the death had also been unexpected, since the fatal tumour had gone undiagnosed. Four of these cases had had no preceding symptoms. Males were predominant (19 males vs. 8 females), and all the sudden unexpected deaths were males. The age range was 24 - 86 years for the males and 45 - 83 years for the females. The most common tumour was bronchial epidermoid carcinoma, which caused sudden death by massive haemorrhage into the lungs or externally. In the latter case the scene of death at home resembled a violent death. Other tumours found were mostly gastric or oesophageal epidermoid carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the kidney, pancreas, ovary and colon. PMID- 7250868 TI - Bite mark lesions in human skin. PMID- 7250865 TI - Hyperuricemia in rats during acute carbon monoxide poisoning. AB - The effect of carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation on plasma levels of uric acid and hypoxanthine in rats was investigated. Exposure to 3% CO caused respiratory arrest within about 2 minutes. The plasma uric acid level of CO-treated rats increased to 157% above that of ether-treated rats. When rats were exposed to 1% or 0.8% CO, the exposure periods until the onset of respiratory arrest were prolonged, and plasma uric acid levels at respiratory arrest were further elevated. Plasma uric acid levels at respiratory arrest increased with prolongation of the exposure periods. Under our experimental conditions, hypoxanthine or xanthine was not detected in plasma of CO-treated rats. These results are discussed in relation to the hyperuricemia in hemorrhagic shock or hypoxemia: CO-induced hyperuricemia can be attributed to the stimulated degradation of adenine nucleotides under tissue anoxia, and thus could be an excellent parameter of tissue anoxia. PMID- 7250870 TI - Studies on the use of isoelectric focusing as a method of phenotyping erythrocyte acid phosphatase. AB - The technique of isoelectric focusing (IEF) in ultra-thin polyacrylamide gels as a method of phenotyping erythrocyte acid phosphatase (EAP) has been applied to a large number of red cell lysate and dried bloodstains. This paper presents the results of this study and discusses some features of the IEF patterns and problems with their interpretation. The IEF patterns of several rare EAP phenotypes are also described. These studies have confirmed that IEF is more sensitive than starch gel electrophoresis as a method of phenotyping EAP in dried bloodstains. PMID- 7250871 TI - [Problems in the use of statistical methods in therapy studies]. PMID- 7250873 TI - [Urologic emergencies in general practice. Part 4: Diagnosis and therapy of urogenital infections (the kidney)]. PMID- 7250872 TI - [Drug testing today]. AB - According to the new West German drug legislation, new drugs will only be registered if their quality, effectiveness and safety is ensured. Safety means a favourable ratio of therapeutic value and risk of side-effects. Effectiveness can usually be verified most objectively in adequate and well-controlled clinical investigations (phase II and phase III of drug evaluation), which are preceded by pharmacological and toxicological experiments in animals and preliminary pharmakokinetic and pharmakodynamic studies in volunteers (phase I). In phase III and IV, rare but important adverse drug effects are looked for. PMID- 7250874 TI - [Effect of urethral stenoses on the urinary tract]. AB - Intrauterine operations were carried out in fetal sheep varying from 50-122 days of gestation. Silk, catgut and polyglycolicacid sutures were used to produce varying degrees of stenosis. The urachus was ligated with a silk suture in all cases. Urachal ligation alone produces no ill effects on the upper urinary tract. The addition of urethral stenosis results in dilatation of the upper tract depending on the degree of infravesical obstruction. Partial ligation of the urethra produces a pyelocalyectasis which may disappear later. More severe degrees of obstruction are followed by hydronephrosis, hydroureter and megacystis. Dilatation begins in the region of the renal pelvis and proceeds in the antegrade manner towards the bladder. Histologically the parenchyma was reduced in thickness and showed dilated tubules. In the ureter and the bladder muscular hypertrophy was noticed. Depending on the time of the experiment, there was an increase of connective tissue within the ureter and bladder. In cases of extreme obstruction the ureter showed muscular atrophy. No infection, ureteral reflux, bladder diverticulosis, extravesicalisation of the ureter or narrowing of the ureter by hypertrophied musculature was seen. These experiments may throw some light on the pathogenesis of the megaureter syndrome occurring in childhood. PMID- 7250875 TI - [Dermatologic indications for depot corticosteroids]. PMID- 7250876 TI - [Indications and contra-indications in internal medicine. A contribution to physician decision making]. PMID- 7250877 TI - [Roentgenologic diagnosis of coronary vessel calcinosis in patients over 65 years of age]. AB - 215 out-patients aged between 65 and 88 years (average age 70.3 years) were examined radiologically for coronary calcification. In 62.5% of the cases positive results were obtained with a prevalence of men over women. From the 134 patients with coronary calcification 81.5% had a pathological ECG and 32% of these showed evidence of transmural infarction. The combination of coronary calcification and chronic arterial hypertension was found in 68.5% of the patients. In our opinion radioscopy of the heart for the detection of coronary calcification is of particular diagnostic value, on account of its safety and simplicity, especially with elderly patients; all the more so since the otherwise usual diagnostic techniques such as ergometry and selective coronary angiography can, for reasons of age, only be performed in certain cases. PMID- 7250878 TI - [Digitalis treatment in the aged. Part 3: Treatment monitoring, digitalis poisoning]. PMID- 7250879 TI - [Fecal incontinence in the aged]. AB - The causative possibilities of chronic obstipation and faecal incontinence in the elderly are discussed, furthermore the facilities of treatment and care by retraining for continence. Training does require the intelligent co-operation of the patient and an unfailing regularity of attention and patience from the nursing staff. PMID- 7250880 TI - [Causes of obstipation and its treatment in the aged]. PMID- 7250881 TI - [Closed drainage of the urinary bladder. Method and results in the rehabilitation of the infected, contracted bladder in stroke patients]. AB - Catheterism of the urinary bladder in the primary therapy after stroke is often the initial condition for the development of an infected contracted bladder. The patient is bearing his catheter for life because there is a disproportion of production of urine (greater than 1500 ml) and capacity of the urinary bladder (less than 100 ml). Infection and restriction of movement hinder his discharge from hospital. There are five conditions for a treatment of contracted bladder using a closed drainage of the bladder: 1. functional training of the capacity, 2. reduction of reinfection and antibiotic therapy, 3. training of sensibility, 4. use of day-and-night-rhythm, 5. gymnastics for pelvic floor. The therapeutic result--200 ml capacity of urinary bladder, control of infection and voluntary miction--can be reached after 4-6 weeks, if patient, nursing staff and physician are cooperative. The experiences of 8 cases demonstrate that a contracted bladder needs not be a final state, but can be rehabilitated. PMID- 7250882 TI - [Attempted suicide in old age]. AB - A group of 4190 patients who had attempted suicide were subdivided into three age groups: younger than 40 years, 40 to 64 years, and older than 64 years of age. The distribution of diagnoses, sex ratio, ratio of foreigners and family status was compared among these 3 groups and with the distribution in a normal population. In the 2 younger patient groups men were underrepresented but not in the oldest patient group. The same was true for male foreigners. In all 3 groups divorced patients were overrepresented, while in the 2 younger groups single patients were overrepresented. Married patients were always underrepresented, whereas the ratio of the widowed patients was consistent with the ratio of the normal population. Depressions increased significantly with age, while other psychiatric diagnoses decreased. Also the motives for suicidal attempts in the oldest group were compared with those in a previously investigated group with a much lower mean age (Kockott et al. 1970). The motives of the older patient group were very similar to those mentioned by the younger patient group but very different from the motives of old persons who committed suicide. It seems, that even in old age there is a distinct difference between patients who attempt suicide and those who succeed in committing suicide (Stengel 1969). PMID- 7250883 TI - [Treatment of decubitus ulcer using a synthetic skin substitute]. AB - Due to the loss of topesthesia and to the impairment of the vasomotorium in the paralyzed area, patients suffering from tetraplegia have a high risk from pressure sores. Bed sores respond successfully to therapy if, on observing the relevant basic nursing procedure--requiring in particular that the damaged areas of skin be consistently relieved from pressure by means of special positioning of the patient--the sores are subjected to intensive cleansing via surgical and/or enzymatic debridement, and are conditioned with the synthetic skin substitute Epigard. This is achieved as a result of therapeutic procedure followed in a series of methodical steps. Specific treatment with antibiotics before conditioning the wounds supplements these measures and facilitates the spontaneous healing of the lesions or, in the case of larger bed sores, the optimal preparation of the wound bed prior to skin grafting and plastic surgery. PMID- 7250884 TI - [Studies of digitalis-induced arrhythmias by recordings of twenty-four hour continuous electrocardiograms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7250885 TI - [Nociceptive neurons in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7250886 TI - [Hemodynamic assessment of patients with aortic or mitral valve replacement during exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 7250887 TI - Hemodynamic evaluation of patients with double-valve prostheses. AB - Prompted by the sparse literature on and difficulties in evaluation of post operative valve patients, we reviewed data from 27 double-valve cases having left ventricular catheterization. All were symptomatic in spite of mechanical prostheses in both mitral and aortic positions, with surgery 42 +/- 30 months previously. Transapical left ventricular entry was performed in 24 patients, retrograde in three; six had significant complications without permanent residua. Seventeen of 25 (68%) had elevated resting pulmonary wedge pressures with mitral prosthesis gradients 0 to 24 mm Hg and calculated valve areas 0.3 - greater than 3.0 cm2; aortic gradients were 0 to 42 mm Hg, areas 0.9 - greater than 3.0 cm2. Reoperation was done in eight patients and nine others had isolated left ventricular dysfunction. Calculated mitral areas as low as 0.7 cm2 and aortic 1.1 cm2 were associated with no apparent stenosis at surgery, and one patient had a pre-operative misdiagnosis of mitra prosthesis insufficiency. Hemodynamic evaluation of symptomatic double-prosthesis patients is difficult, often risky, and requires precise invasive measurements together with knowledge of the valve size. Prosthesis malfunction incorporates different disease processes than with native valves; the margin between abnormal parameters requiring reoperation and acceptable values may be narrow. PMID- 7250888 TI - Left atrial function in acute mitral regurgitation. Factors which modify the regurgitant volume. AB - Dynamic geometry of the left atrium was studied in open-chest dogs instrumented with ultrasonic dimension gauges for the measurement of the transverse diameter together with left ventricular dimensions and left atrial and ventricular pressures. Three definite phasic changes of the left atrial diameter were observed during the cardiac cycle at the control state; shortening of left atrial diameter with atrial contraction, continuous chamber expansion during ventricular ejection, and either a reduction in the diameter or a plateau during mitral valve opening to onset of the next atrial contraction. Acute onset of mitral regurgitation initially induces a remarkable augmentation of atrial shortening with chamber dilation as a result of an optimal use of the Frank-Starling mechanism of the atrial muscle. When mitral regurgitation is progressively increased, the extent of the atrial shortening and expansion is diminished despite the geometrical advantage of a further increase in atrial diameter, indicating that this extreme dilation no longer provokes the Frank-Starling response and the atrial myocardium is made to operate on a descending limb of function. The amount of regurgitation is highly dependent on the geometry of the mitral orifice and a decrease in regurgitation with vasodilator therapy or with positive inotropic agents may be largely related to a decrease in the size of the left heart cavity, which brings closer together components of the mitral apparatus and increases its competence. PMID- 7250889 TI - Comparison of two radionuclide techniques for detecting disease of right and left coronary arteries. AB - Radionuclide angiography and thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy were compared in 31 patients with coronary artery disease studied at rest and during exercise. Seventeen of the 31 patients had perfusion defects on thallium-201 redistribution scans (61%); 16 of these had prior transmural infarction. Six other patients with prior inferior infarction had no defects on thallium-201 redistribution scans. During treadmill exercise, 28 of 31 patients (90%) developed new or larger thallium-201 perfusion defects, a significantly higher percentage of patients than those that developed ST segment abnormalities during exercise (74%). During bicycle exercise left ventricular ejection fraction decreased in 27 of the 31 patients (87%); the average change in left ventricular ejection fraction was from 54 +/- 16+ to 48 +/- 14% (p less than 0.1). Twenty three of the 31 patients had abnormalities of regional ejection fraction at rest (74%), while 30 of the 31 had abnormalities during exercise (97%). The number of patients who developed new regional ejection fraction abnormalities during exercise (28 of 31) was not significantly different from the number of patients who developed new or larger thallium-201 myocardial perfusion defects during exercise. In order to compare the two radionuclide techniques with respect to identification of vessel involvement, the patients were separated into those with disease of the right coronary system, disease of the left coronary system, or both. Thallium-201 scintigraphy correctly identified ten of 14 patients with involvement of only the right or left system; radionuclide angiography correctly identified six of 14. However, radionuclide angiography identified more patients with right and left system involvement (15/17) than did thallium-201 scintigraphy (6/17), p less than .01. These data suggest radionuclide angiography is more useful for identifying patients with disease of both the right and left coronary arteries. PMID- 7250890 TI - Left ventricular dimensions and systolic function during spontaneous heart rate changes: an echocardiographic study. AB - We examined the relationships between spontaneous heart rate (or conversely cycle length) changes and left ventricular diastolic dimensions and indices of systolic function in twenty-three subjects. In most there was clearly an inverse relationship between rate and these indices and nearly always a positive correlation between performance and end-diastolic dimension. Previously described relationship between heart rate and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening are applicable only when the heart rate is constant. PMID- 7250893 TI - Acute hepatic ischaemia in the pig- the changes in plasma hormones, amino acids and brain biochemistry. AB - Acute hepatic ischaemia was induced in pigs by means of a portacaval shunt with hepatic artery ligation after 24 hours. Despite significant elevation in blood ammonia, fatty acids, aspartate aminotransferase, cerebrospinal fluid glutamine and ammonia, and brain tissue glutamine, ammonia and tryptophan, the experimental animals remained awake and alert and indistinguishable from sham-operated controls. The molar ratio of branched-chain to aromatic amino acids fell sharply in the arterial blood, but showed a terminal attempt at compensation in muscle venous samples. Portal and muscle venous insulin levels were elevated, and glucagon values rose in all circulation segments in the experimental group. The failure to induce coma in these pigs, despite the presence of many of the classical biochemical features, suggests that the syndrome of encephalopathy comprises several stages, and that the pig may be an important model in which to define these. PMID- 7250892 TI - A distinctive pattern of serum bile acid and bilirubin concentrations in benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis. AB - The pattern of serial serum bile acid and bilirubin concentrations in 3 patients with benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) was compared with those from patients with other liver diseases. In BRIC the peak bile acid concentration (260- 575 micromol/l was found at the onset of the cholestasis. The bilirubin concentration increased slowly so that maximum values (185-550 micromol/l) were attained between 33 and 51 days after the onset of symptoms. Both the serum bile acid and bilirubin concentrations returned to normal after 79 to 98 days. Percutaneous biliary drainage of extrahepatic biliary obstruction (3) caused a dramatic reduction in the serum bile acid level (mean 89% after 48 hours), but only a slight fall in serum bilirubin (mean 22%). In primary biliary cirrhosis (2) the bile acid and bilirubin concentrations changed in parallel until the onset of liver failure when serum bilirubin, but not bile acids, increased markedly. Serum bile acid and bilirubin concentrations changed in parallel throughout cholestatic viral hepatitis (2), chronic active hepatitis (2) and alcoholic hepatitis (1). The data indicates that a distinctive pattern is found in BRIC and this may be of diagnostic value. PMID- 7250894 TI - Studies on intrahepatic cholestasis in drug-induced allergic hepatitis: intrahepatic cholestasis induced in the rat by the culture supernatant of activated lymphocytes. AB - A marked reduction in bile flow and bile acid excretion was whenever peripheral lymphocytes from patients with drug-induced allergic intrahepatic cholestasis were stimulated with a specific drug in vitro in the presence of a soluble liver specific antigen fraction, and their culture supernatant injected into the mesenteric vein of rats. A gel filtration study of the active fraction of the supernatant that caused a reduction in bile flow, suggested that the molecular size of this active principle is similar to that of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Histologically, dilated bile canaliculi with decreased microvilli were observed via electron microscopy in rat liver after injection of culture supernatant. No such changes were observed in rats after injection of the supernatant of a lymphocyte culture similarly prepared from normal individuals. These results strongly suggested that sensitized lymphocytes obtained from patients with drug-induced intrahepatic cholestasis produce a factor (of factors) causing cholestasis when stimulated with a specific drug in the presence of liver specific antigen fractions. PMID- 7250891 TI - [Apico-aortic conduit for surgical treatment of supravalvular aortic stenosis with hypoplastic ascending aorta (author's transl)]. AB - Surgical treatment of two patients with diffuse supravalvular aortic stenosis including hypoplastic aortic valve ring was undertaken. In both patients a left ventricular apical-thoracic aorta conduit containing a bioprosthesis was used. Intra- and postoperative pressure measurements demonstrated relief of the systolic pressure gradients present preoperatively between left ventricle and ascending aorta distal to the stenosis. Both patients are asymptomatic at four and eleven months after surgery, respectively. PMID- 7250896 TI - Agglutination of Eubacterium and Peptostreptococcus species as a diagnostic test for Crohn's disease. AB - The anaerobic fecal flora of patients with Crohn's disease has been found to differ from the flora of healthy subjects by higher numbers of anaerobic gram negative rods and gram-positive coccoid rods. Agglutinating antibodies against strains of coccoid rods, belonging to species of Eubacterium and Peptostreptococcus were detected in much higher percentages of sera from patients with Crohn's disease than in those from patients with ulcerative colitis, and healthy subjects. On the basis of the results of agglutination reactions with four strains, the probability of Crohn's disease can be estimated. In this paper, the background of the test ist described and its use and limitations are reviewed. PMID- 7250895 TI - Transmission of hepatitis-B-virus by pleural effusion containing Dane particles. AB - Hepatitis-B-surface antigen HBSAG), hepatitis B-e antigen (HBe(HBeAG), and anti HBc and Dane particles were demonstrated in pleural effusion obtained from an individual with a protracted course of an acute type B hepatitis, Pleural effusion was found to be unrelated to hepatitis-B-virus (HBV) infection. A physician who injured herself with a needle contaminated with pleural effusion experienced asymptomatic acute type B hepatitis. PMID- 7250897 TI - Studies of cell-mediated immunity in patients with Crohn's disease. AB - A defect of cell-mediated immunity was reported in patients with Crohn's disease. In attempting to evaluate the possible role of serum factor(s) in the pathogenesis of this defect we studied the effect of sera from patients with Crohn's disease on normal lymphocyte E rosette formation and in vitro PHA responsiveness. An impairment of E rosette formation and PHA response was detected when normal donor lymphocytes were incubated with patients' sera. We concluded that the defect of cell-mediated immunity in Crohn's disease may be due to the presence of serum inhibitory factor(s) and of nutrient serum deficiencies. This defect is not correlated with clinical parameters and the duration of the disease; it is not affected by surgical resection. PMID- 7250899 TI - Selectively aspirated pure pancreatic secretion. Viscosity, trypsin activity, protein concentration and lactoferrin content of pancreatic juice in chronic pancreatitis. AB - The viscosity, trypsin activity, protein concentration and lactoferrin concentration in selectively aspirated, pure pancreatic secretion uncontaminated by bile, were determined in 46 patients with chronic pancreatitis and compared with the values obtained in 39 control subjects. The viscosity was measured using a modified capillary viscosimeter, the trypsin activity and the protein concentration using photometry, and the concentration of lactoferrin employing a new standard. It was found that in chronic pancreatitis, viscosity, trypsin activity and lactoferrin concentration was also found to be increased, but the differences were not significant. The results of this examination support the hypothesis that precipitation of protein-containing material in the pancreatic ducts, delayed outflow of secretion and premature activation of trypsin are pathogenically important factors in chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7250898 TI - The "Internal Leak" as a possible cause in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. AB - In cat gastric mucosa stimulated with histamine and damaged by direct application of acetylsalicylic acid, the fluorescent dye acridine orange may be found outside the parietal cell. Normally it is distributed throughout, or bound to the limiting membrane of, the vesicles in the parietal cell. The special properties of this cationic dye in an acid environment, support the hypothesis that a so-called "internal leak" may possibly play an important role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. PMID- 7250901 TI - Pancreatic surgery: critical evaluation and perspectives. AB - While in the majority of cases, edematous pancreatitis responds to purely conservative intensive medical therapy, the hemorrhagic necrotizing form requires surgical treatment. The best results can be obtained with extensive necrosectomy followed by post-operative irrigation sump drainage. If possible, surgery should be delayed to between the 6th and 10th day after the onset of the disease. In the surgical therapy of chronic recurrent pancreatitis, the indirect and organ preserving procedures have not gained widespread acceptance. While total duodenopancreatectomy must be rejected as too risky, good long-term results can be obtained with resection of the main inflammatory lesion, coupled with inter operative occlusion of the remaining part of the organ to prevent recurrent disease. The surgical treatment of periampullar and ductal carcinoma of the pancreas should be made more radical by performing regional lymphadenectomy in the upper abdomen, both in the case of partial and in total duodenopancreatectomy. With this procedure, not only can the resection rate be increased by a factor of 2 to 3, but lymph node metastases of the second station, which would escape conventional therapy, are also removed. PMID- 7250905 TI - Role of aromatization in sexual differentiation: effects of prenatal ATD treatment and neonatal castration. PMID- 7250904 TI - Effect of bestatin and muramyl-dipeptide on macrophage-bound aminopeptidase. PMID- 7250902 TI - Ecdysteroids and ovarian development in the shore crab, Carcinus maenas. AB - Mature ovaries of the shore crab Carcinus maenas contain large concentrations of three major ecdysteroids which we have identified by physicochemical methods as ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone and ponasterone A. The fluctuations of ovarian and blood ecdysteroid concentrations are presented in relation to the various stages of ovarian development. PMID- 7250903 TI - [Hemoglobins XL: Sequence analysis of the monomeric hemoglobin CTT IV (erythrocruorin) of Chironomus thummi thummi, Diptera (author's transl)]. AB - The sequence analysis of the monomeric hemoglobin CTT IV is given. The primary structure was determined by automatic Edman degradation of the protein and of peptides obtained by enzymatical or by chemical cleavages. The protein chain consists of 136 amino acids. The primary structure is compared with the primary structure of the human beta-chains and of the monomeric hemoglobin CTT III. PMID- 7250900 TI - Ischemic colitis attributable to a cleansing enema. AB - A 42-year-ole woman developed ischemic colitis shortly after the administration of a cleansing enema. As possible predisposing factor in out patient we assess treatment with contraceptives by parenteral route, started one year before her episode of bowel ischemia. To out knowledge, this is the first patient without underlying pathology with proven ischemic colitis secondary to a cleansing enema. PMID- 7250906 TI - Activation and differentiation of sexual behavior and translocation of hypothalamic estrogen receptors in rats by 6 alpha-fluorotestosterone. PMID- 7250907 TI - Control of proceptive and receptive behavior by ovarian hormones in the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). PMID- 7250908 TI - Brain areas implicated in cholinergic regulation of sexual behavior. PMID- 7250909 TI - Male sexual behavior in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) following castration and hormone replacement. PMID- 7250912 TI - Woman displays manic symptoms after separation from lover. PMID- 7250911 TI - Effect of exogenous arginine vasopressin on rectal temperature in the albino rat. PMID- 7250910 TI - Neonatal-androgens influence the social play of prepubescent rats. PMID- 7250913 TI - Differential therapeutics: a guide to treatment selection. AB - Practical and scientific developments have recently focused attention on treatment selection in psychiatry. Based on the research literature, the opinions of leading practitioners, and the authors' clinical experience, tentative guidelines for treatment selection are offered. The indications, patient enabling factors, and relative contraindications that influence the choice of treatment format, orientation, and duration are outlined, as are indications for combining psychotherapy with psychotropic medication and for a prescription of no treatment. Critics of differential therapeutics might argue that the outcome of psychotherapy is influenced primarily by its nonspecific aspects and by patient characteristics, and that it may be premature to form guidelines given the incompleteness of the research. However, as outcome studies are more carefully designed, specific effects of different treatments may well emerge. Furthermore, treatment selection is a practical necessity, and a careful analysis of the available data and opinion helps to inform these choices and to identify areas for continued research. PMID- 7250914 TI - Negotiating with the partners: a role of the HMO mental health director. AB - The mental health director in a health maintenance organization must successfully negotiate with a number of "partners" in the community and within the HMO in order to deliver high-quality services in a cost-effective fashion. These partners are companies whose employees are members, the members themselves, the HMO's primary care professionals, the mental health professionals, and the HMO administration. In addition, the models of treatment prevalent within a community constitute an intangible partner. Based on his experience in a mixed fee-for service and HMO mental health department, the author describes negotiations of some difficult issues, which include whether patients can bypass their primary care physician and refer themselves to the mental health department, establishing co-payment rates for outpatient visits to prevent overutilization of mental health services, and dealing with companies who disagree with the HMO's treatment modalities. Although at times compromises are necessary, sometimes the mental health director must maintain a rigid position in order to protect a cost effective program and promote smooth delivery of services. PMID- 7250915 TI - Ethics rounds: a model for teaching ethics in the psychiatric setting. AB - Despite growing interest in ethical matters in psychiatry, little attention has been paid to means of teaching ethics to mental health professionals. In a monthly "ethics rounds" developed in a community mental health center, the co leaders of the rounds visited one of the center's clinical services during a regularly scheduled staff conference to lead a discussion of a case selected by the staff and the underlying ethical problems. The rounds were attended by personnel at all levels and from a variety of disciplines. A survey of participants showed that the program was generally well received. Two cases selected for discussion at the rounds--one concerned with confidentiality and the other with court-ordered treatment--are presented, along with the discussion that each case stimulated. The advantages and disadvantages of the model are discussed, and suggestions for implementing a similar program are offered. PMID- 7250916 TI - The mixed medical-psychiatric unit: an alternative approach to inpatient psychiatric care. AB - In a 256-bed general hospital, psychiatric patients are cared for on a single unit with medical patients. The unit, developed in collaboration with a state university's medical school, has been employed successfully in the teaching of psychiatric residents and medical students and has provided benefits to both the psychiatric and medical patients. A normalizing effect on the disturbed behavior of psychiatric patients has been observed and has been attributed to the presence of nonpsychiatric patients, and the treatment of medical patients on the unit has been humanized through greater nurse-patient interaction and the provision of activity programs and recreational facilities. The experience indicates that a wide range of psychiatric patients can be cared for in a mixed setting and that such a setting fosters continuity of care. The limitations of the unit and the policies and conditions necessary for its operation are discussed. PMID- 7250917 TI - Evaluating the impact of a continuity-of-care program on discharged inpatients. PMID- 7250918 TI - Workshop series cuts planning time and costs. AB - The planning process involves a number of people with divergent needs whose conflicts frequently inhibit quick and sensible solutions. Although there are many approaches to developing a major complex building program, the workshop format proved to be a successful model for organizing and focusing planning efforts. Because participants were presented with graphic materials (plans, diagrams, charts), workshop leaders were able to rapidly define and expand concepts related to hospital design. Information-sharing meetings resulted in flexible solutions that met immediate needs and opened avenues for future growth. By structuring normally sequential tasks into a simultaneous process, hospitals can encourage participation in a building improvement project while reducing planning time and cost. PMID- 7250919 TI - Uncle Sam wants you. PMID- 7250920 TI - Denver's health care technicians: an 'evolutionary' job stirs debate. PMID- 7250921 TI - System monitors productivity in diagnostic imaging. PMID- 7250922 TI - Hospital improves security by employing its own staff. PMID- 7250923 TI - Contract security force safeguards large city hospital. PMID- 7250924 TI - Teleconferencing may be (micro) wave of future. PMID- 7250925 TI - Community health plan automates medical record keeping. PMID- 7250927 TI - Children's hospital accents appeal and efficiency. PMID- 7250926 TI - Contract housekeeping: hospital survey cites reasons for termination. PMID- 7250928 TI - Malpractice claims study assists claims investigation. PMID- 7250930 TI - Focus on finance: A look to the past offers hope for the future. PMID- 7250929 TI - Financial performance for first quarter 1981. PMID- 7250932 TI - Hospitals must face heavy unionization drives in '80s--part 2. PMID- 7250931 TI - Only the patient is the same in hospitals and nursing homes. PMID- 7250936 TI - Hospital capital financing entering phase four. PMID- 7250933 TI - Legal implications of administering blood. PMID- 7250934 TI - Department reorganization improves cash flow. PMID- 7250935 TI - Selected hospital statistics for April 1981. PMID- 7250937 TI - Vying for capital will mean more dealing for fewer dollars. PMID- 7250938 TI - In hospital project, "treasurer' must plan for and manage capital. PMID- 7250939 TI - Federal policy on hospital capital investment: review and outlook. PMID- 7250940 TI - Complex factors determine yield on hospital bond issues. PMID- 7250941 TI - Hospital's development program built on top-level commitment. PMID- 7250942 TI - Trustees take leadership role in community health policymaking. PMID- 7250943 TI - "Networking" enhances viability of not-for-profit multihospital systems. PMID- 7250945 TI - New battle looms over Social Security. PMID- 7250944 TI - U.S. firms plans major hospital project in mainland China. PMID- 7250946 TI - Panel explores payment issues. PMID- 7250947 TI - New nurse program lowers turnover. PMID- 7250948 TI - Nurse task force guides flexible scheduling program. PMID- 7250949 TI - Consortium keeps frail elderly at home. PMID- 7250950 TI - Shifting sands: state laws redefine records accessibility. PMID- 7250951 TI - Can patient records be both private and accessible? PMID- 7250952 TI - Academic medical center features image analysis in marketing audit. PMID- 7250953 TI - Virus associated hemophagocytic syndrome. PMID- 7250954 TI - Ultrastructural features of large cell carcinoma of the lung with reference to the prognosis of patients. AB - Epon embedded sections of large cell carcinoma of the lung obtained from 26 patients were examined by light and electron microscopy. On an ultrastructural basis this carcinoma was subclassified into four types: squamous, adenosquamous, adenocarcinomatous, and giant cell types. The giant cell carcinoma was regarded as a special type of squamous or undifferentiated carcinoma. Transition between each of these types was clearly demonstrated. Follow-up study revealed that a close correlation existed between these types and the prognosis of the patients, the squamous type showing a better prognosis and the adenosquamous and adenocarcinomatous types exhibiting equally poor prognoses. The giant cell type invariably pursued a fulminant course. It was suggested that each of the types might represent different stages and directions of differentiation of cancer cells originating from the same ancestry. The authors' view favors the Y construct theory concerning the histogenetic pedigree of pulmonary carcinoma. PMID- 7250955 TI - The effects of leukemic infiltrates in various organs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 7250956 TI - Cytogenesis and differentiation of pineal neoplasms. AB - Our knowledge of pineal neoplasms is still fragmentary, but a pattern is beginning to emerge in this highly challenging area of neuro-oncology. In vitro studies and more complete morphologic and biochemical characterization are still needed for these very rare neoplasms. Follow-up data from appropriate clinical series are still almost nonexistent for the evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness. As an illustration of neoplastic development, the demonstration of divergent differentiation in pineal parenchymal tumors represents a most intriguing phenomenon in light of the origin, structure, and function of the pineal gland. PMID- 7250957 TI - Malignant melanoma: a search for occult lymph node metastases. AB - Lymph nodes regarded as "negative" following routine pathologic examination were reexamined in seven patients with malignant melanoma who later developed systemic metastases. A total of 185 lymph nodes were serially sectioned; five to seven levels of each lymph node were examined for the presence of occult metastases. In this manner previously undetected tumor was found within a solitary lymph node of one patient. It is concluded that attempts to detect occult melanoma metastases by routine serial sectioning of lymph nodes is not of practical applicability. PMID- 7250959 TI - Massive postpartum corpus luteum cyst: a case report. AB - A young woman presented with an asymptomatic unilateral adnexal mass at six weeks postpartum. Her abdomen and pelvis had been considered unremarkable upon examination at parturition, at which time no adnexal masses were palpated. At laparotomy a 20 cm. right ovarian cyst was found, which was shown microscopically to be of corpus luteum origin. Each of the features--size, rapid development, and presentation in the postpartum state--is most unusual. PMID- 7250958 TI - The protracted superficial phenomenon in pathergic (Wegener's) granulomatosis. AB - Twelve cases of pathergic (Wegener's) granulomatosis are described, with special attention focused on the long duration of mucosal and skin lesions in untreated cases, designated as the protracted superficial phenomenon, and on the histologic features that may be helpful in making the diagnosis. The long duration, often the result of a lack of proper interpretation of histologic details, was associated in some of the cases studied with the development of intractable renal failure or mutilation of the face. Since cytotoxic therapy offers the opportunity to prevent these complications, the desirability of an early diagnosis is obvious. Biopsy is the principal means of diagnosis, and therefore interpretation of histologic details is of paramount importance. Helpful histologic features found in the extravascular and vascular tissues of the specimens studed were focal necrosis, fibrinoid degeneration, palisading granulomas, giant cells, and vasculitis. Nonpalisading foci of granular necrosis or fibrinoid degeneration appeared to precede the development of the typical palisading granuloma. Both focal necrosis and focal fibrinoid degeneration occurred independently of intrinsic vascular involvement and in themselves are distinctive features of pathergic (Wegener's) granulomatosis. There was predominance of the extravascular components in the cases studied with occasional absence of vasculitis. Both the extravascular and vascular components are important in making a definitive diagnosis, but the extravascular component is characteristic, even in the absence of vasculitis. The extravascular tissues and the vessels are parallel contemporaneous target tissues. PMID- 7250961 TI - Multifocal malignant pheochromocytoma presenting as a lung tumor. AB - An unusual case of pheochromocytoma, which presented as a primary lung tumor, is described. The tumor was multifocal, arising in both the adrenal glands and in the chromaffin tissue around the thoracic aorta; it had invaded the lung and metastasized to the brain. Histologically the tumor had an unusual sarcomatous appearance, and the final diagnosis depended on the ultrastructural finding of scanty amounts of neurosecretory granules, typical of epinephrine and norepinephrine. This is the first reported case of pheochromocytoma presenting clinically as a lung tumor. PMID- 7250962 TI - Malignant mesenchymoma of the liver in children: a clinicopathologic and ultrastructural study. AB - A primary malignant mesenchymoma of the liver in a nine year old boy is reported with the results of ultrastructural investigation. In accordance with previous observations, our study indicates that this type of tumor is remarkable because of its bulky size and possible rapidly fatal outcome. Although the term malignant mesenchymoma can be applied, the tumor is primarily fibrosarcomatous and liposarcomatous. It could be postulated that this tumor and the more frequent benign mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver are two histogenetically related lesions that preferentially affect the liver in children. PMID- 7250963 TI - Acute myelopathy caused by fibrocartilaginous emboli. PMID- 7250965 TI - A deletion in chromosome 22 can cause DiGeorge syndrome. AB - An association between DiGeorge's syndrome and an unbalanced chromosomal rearrangement leading to trisomy 20pter leads to 20q11 and monosomy 22pter leads to 22q11 was found in four individuals belongings to one family. These and other data from the literature are interpreted to suggest that DiGeorge's syndrome can be caused by deletion of a gene located in chromosome 22, probably in band 22q11. PMID- 7250960 TI - Intrahepatic cholestasis with predominant pericentral deposition in systemic amyloidosis. AB - Liver involvement in amyloidosis is rarely associated with intrahepatic cholestasis. The cases recorded in the literature indicate that there is a tendency toward periportal deposition, leading to centrilobular cholestasis. Our case was most interesting in that the amyloid deposition was most severe in the centrilobular area. Presumably there was still sufficient compression of canaliculi at the periportal level to produce obstruction of the bile flow. This would appear to be a less common but distinct variant of systemic amyloidosis with associated obstructive jaundice. PMID- 7250964 TI - Sequence of centromere separation: analysis of mitotic chromosomes in man. AB - Mitotic chromosomes from human peripheral lymphocytes studied at the junction of metaphase and anaphase show that the centromeres of various chromosomes separate in a nonrandom, apparently genetically controlled sequence. It does not depend upon the position of the centromere in the chromosome, the length of the chromosome or total amount of detectable C-chromatin. In man, several chromosomes e.g. 18, 17, 2, separate very early. Such "early" cells do not include nos. 1, 13, 14, 15, and Y and very rarely nos. 21 and 22. The last separating chromosomes are those from group D, G, no. 1, 16, and Y. The possible implication of these findings in evolution, non-disjunction and the control of centromere separation sequences is discussed. PMID- 7250967 TI - Symmetrical replication patterns and sex chromatin bodies formation of an idic(X)(p22.3::p22.3) chromosome. AB - The morphologic and staining characteristics of the sex chromatin bodies and the DNA replication patterns were studied in a patient with a 45,X/46,X,idic(X)(p22.3::p22.3) karyotype and in a normal woman. The analysis showed a relatively high frequency of bipartite Barr bodies as well as some variation of the distance, staining intensity, and size relationship between their halves. Regarding the DNA replication studies, in 71% of the cells the abnormal X chromosome showed a synchronous pattern, and in the remaining 29%, in which a slight asynchrony was present, an almost equal proportion of early and late functional and nonfunctional centric halves was observed. Furthermore, the atypical chromosome had a quite similar replication pattern to the late replicating X chromosome of the normal woman, suggesting that its sequence of DNA sythesis was not altered. PMID- 7250966 TI - Observations on the effect of X-ray alone and in combination with ultrasound on human chromosomes. AB - Human peripheral blood was treated with ultrasound either before or after irradiation, and chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of peripheral blood cultures compared to those resulting from an equivalent dose of irradiation given alone. When peripheral blood is sonicated at a high intensity (3 W/cm2) for 10 min after irradiation, there is an increase in aberration frequency as compared to control samples receiving the equivalent radiation dose alone. However, should the blood be sonicated at the same frequency and for the same time period before radiation there is no significant increase in total chromosome aberrations over the irradiated controls. On the contrary a significant decreases occurs in certain classes of aberration. When sonification with a lower intensity (20 mW/cm2) was used in combination with irradiation the reverse effect was noted. Ultrasound administered for 10 min after radiation caused no significant increase in aberrations. On the contrary increasing the period of sonification to one hour resulted in a lowering of all types of aberration, significant in the case of dicentrics and total chromosome aberrations, when compared to irradiation alone. Reversing the order of treatment again resulted in the opposite effect to that achieved with comparable experiments at high intensities of sonification. Ultrasound before radiation did not produce lower breakage rates. Instead, when the period of sonification was increased to one hour, the number of aberrant cells, fragments, and total aberrations rose significantly over controls. It is suggested that sonification produces chemical changes affecting cellular repair systems, which when combined with ionising radiation, results in an increased or decreased repair effect depending on the dose, duration, and order of treatment. PMID- 7250968 TI - H-Y antigen negative patients with testicular tissue and 46,XY karyotype. AB - H-Y antigen could not be detected on lymphocytes from two male pseudohermaphrodites with 46,XY karyotypes and testicular tissue. One of the patients had additional assays performed on fibroblasts grown from the skin, and the gonadal ridge--these were also negative. The H-Y antiserum was raised in rats, with Raji cells the target of cytotoxicity tests. In these patients. the substance that promoted testicular differentiation does not have serologic H-Y antigen detectable by the assay used. It appears that H-Y antigen that is commonly measured in neutralization reactions may not be the only form of testicular organizing factor present. PMID- 7250971 TI - Defining the locus of origin of a genetically determined electrophoretic variant of a multilocus enzyme system; the Calcutta-1 of human LDH system is a B-locus variant. AB - Six (four Hindus, one Sikh, and one Muslim) outr of 213 individuals originating from different parts of the Indian subcontinent (namely, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, East Punjab, and West Punjab) were found to be Calcutta-1 (CAL1) variants of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The CAL1 variant was originally described (and thus, generally believed at present) as an allelic variant at the LDHA locus in chromosome 11. By using an improved Cellogel electrophoretic procedure the isozyme patterns observed in the erythrocytes and leukocytes of the variant have indicated that the CAL1 is not variant of LDHA but that of LDHB, a chromosome 12 marker. The suggestion was supported by the isozyme patterns of LDH in a set of segregating clones of man-mouse somatic cell hybrids with the variant as human partner. Moreover, the variant cosegregated consistently with the human chromosome 12 and with the markers firmly assigned to the latter but not with human chromosome 11 or its markers in these hybrids. These results confirmed that the CAL1 is an LDHB variant. PMID- 7250970 TI - Studies on complementation in argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase deficiencies in human fibroblasts. AB - Complementation tests after polyethylene glycol fusion have been performed between 10 citrullinemic strains with argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency and between five strains with argininosuccinate lyase deficiency. No complementation was observed between the citrullinemic strains, while two groups of complementation were defined with the argininosuccinate lyase deficients strains. Since the restoration of activity was not total, we assumed that complementation is probably intragenic. PMID- 7250969 TI - Effects of radical-scavenging enzymes and reduced oxygen exposure on growth and chromosome abnormalities of Werner syndrome cultured skin fibroblasts. AB - Two sister strains of skin fibroblast-like (FL) cells from a patient with Werner's syndrome (adult progeria) were grown in regular tissue culture medium or medium supplemented with the radical-scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. Differences in proliferative potential were shown to be due to strain variation rather than to treatment with the enzymes. Two independent strains were also grown in ambient (18%) or reduced (1%) concentrations of oxygen. All cultures (untreated, treated with enzymes, treated with reduced oxygen exposure) displayed the limited in vitro growth potential and cytogenetic abnormality characteristic of Werner's syndrome FL cells; thus the underlying defect in Werner's syndrome does not appear to be related to defective protection against or repair of damage by free radicals. PMID- 7250973 TI - Gd(-) Muret and gd(-) Colomiers, two new variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase associated with favism. AB - Two males subjects are described with hitherto undescribed glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants. The first is of French ancestry, the second of Sicilian extraction. Each subject suffered from acute hemolytic anemia following ingestion of broad beans (Vicia fava). In both cases the hemolytic crisis occurred in a late period of life (29 and 58 years). No previous hemolytic crisis was recorded. The electrophoretic and kinetic properties of the mutant enzymes examined after purification from the red cells allowed each to be distinguished from other G6PD variants reported until now. The first variant was named Gd(-) Muret, the other Gd(-) Colomiers. PMID- 7250974 TI - Study of the functional role of spatial synchronization of neocortical background potentials. I. Character of neocortical electrical activity at extremal levels of correlation of the EEG from different regions. PMID- 7250975 TI - Study of the functional role of spatial synchronization of neocortical background potentials. II. Role of the level of spatial synchronization of cortical potentials for simple reaction time. PMID- 7250976 TI - An electrophysiological study of verbal thinking. PMID- 7250972 TI - Reduced uptake and incorporation of 3H-thymidine in Fanconi anemia fibroblasts. AB - Uptake of 3H-thymidine and its incorporation into DNA was studied in fibroblastic cell lines derived from normal individuals, patients with Fanconi anemia, and those heterozygous for this genetic trait. Uptake and incorporation for the normal cells were about five and seven times higher, respectively, than for Fanconi anemia fibroblasts; mean values for heterozygotes were intermediate. This effect was dependent on the duration of cell exposure to 3H-thymidine and was not observed with other labeled compounds. Thus a genetically-determined metabolic defect may exist in Fanconi anemia patients which can be readily studied at the cellular level. This finding may be relevant to the observed clinical, cytogenetic, biochemical, and biologic properties related to expression of the Fanconi anemia gene. PMID- 7250980 TI - Stimulating effects of amphetamine on the visual system. PMID- 7250978 TI - Correlation between disturbances of higher cerebral functions in patients with local brain lesions in different situations. PMID- 7250977 TI - Effect of the information and emotional components of activation of the EEG. PMID- 7250981 TI - Some features of binocular fixation during object discrimination and recognition. PMID- 7250979 TI - Cholinesterase activity of nerve tissue as an indicator of asymmetry of brain centers. PMID- 7250982 TI - Some features of subjective brightness scales. PMID- 7250986 TI - Esterase-D polymorphism among the Yanadi of Andhra Pradesh, India. PMID- 7250983 TI - Effect of destruction of the dentate nuclei on characteristics of systems controlling voluntary movements. PMID- 7250985 TI - Regulation of the cardiac rhythm and postural effect during expeditions in different climatogeographic regions of Antarctica. PMID- 7250984 TI - Dependence of human responses to physical exertion during limitation of muscular activity. PMID- 7250987 TI - No linkage disequilibrium HLA-GLO found in 1,004 normal, unrelated Danes. PMID- 7250988 TI - Resolution of linkage for irregular phenotype systems. AB - A method is given to resolve pleiotropy from linkage; to detect and estimate recombination free of incomplete penetrance, etiological heterogeneity, and other phenomena; and to estimate gametic frequencies for the main and test loci jointly. Large pedigrees, a liability indicator specifying risk groups (based on age, sex, or other factors), gametic disequilibrium, different recombination values in the two sexes, multiple alleles at the test locus, and a mixture of linked and unlinked marker loci are provided for. Parametrization of the marker locus is the same as for segregation analysis with pointers. The output includes standard errors, likelihood ratio tests of hypotheses, and a standard lod table for each sex separately. A model of closely linked complementing factors which can simulate recombination is also considered. PMID- 7250990 TI - Dermatoglyphs in the Southern Nigerian population. AB - Dermatoglyphic features of 200 male and 200 female normal Southern Nigerian negroes have been analysed. The frequency distributions of fingerprint patterns, digital and total ridge counts TRC, a-b scores and atd angles are given. In common with other races, the Southern Nigerian population showed the tendency for females to have more arches than males. Like the Zulus of Southern Africa, Southern Nigerian Negroes showed a significant sex difference in the atd angle but the Southern Nigerians have a significantly higher TRC than those previously reported for the Zulu. This study, contrary to previous studies, suggests that low TRC is not a negroid dermatoglyphic trait. PMID- 7250991 TI - Blood group antigens in the Emerillon, Wayampi, and Wayana Amerindians of French Guiana. PMID- 7250992 TI - Ag groups of the Kraho indians of Brazil. PMID- 7250993 TI - Analysis of family resemblance for immunoglobulin M, G and A levels. PMID- 7250989 TI - Erythrocyte glutathione reductase polymorphism in a Sudanese population. AB - 414 random samples of blood collected from unrelated male blood donors in Khartoum were analysed for erythrocytic glutathione reductase (GSR) phenotypes in relation to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and haemoglobin types by starch gel electrophoresis. The overall frequencies of GSR1 and GSR2 were found to be 0.9493 and 0.507, respectively. The frequency of GSR0 was very low (0.0241). The frequency of GSR2 was higher in G6PD-deficient subjects compared to normal subjects. GSR phenotypes were not related to the haemoglobin types. However, there was an excess of GSR0 in subjects with haemoglobin AS. PMID- 7250994 TI - Isozyme differentiation of aldolase and pyruvate kinase in fetal, regenerating, preneoplastic, and malignant rat hepatocytes during culture. AB - Aldolase and pyruvate kinase isozymes were investigated in cultured hepatocytes from fetal, regenerating, and 2-acetyl-aminofluorene-fed rat liver as well as in some epithelial liver cell lines. Our results show that: (a) cell proliferation and prolonged expression of specific isozymes were found only in cultured hepatocytes from 17-day old fetuses; (b) the fetal type of pyruvate kinase expressed in regenerating and carcinogen-treated liver was temporarily lost only in cultured hepatocytes from regenerating liver; (c) the adult type of aldolase and pyruvate kinase was absent in one epithelial cell line derived from a carcinogen-treated liver and in the hepatoma tissue cell (HTC) line but was found in the Faza clone of the Reuber H35 cell line during the 50 first passages in vitro; and (d) the isozyme pattern of pyruvate kinase was always more strongly shifted than that of aldolase. The observations suggest that: (a) hepatocytes from carcinogen-treated liver exhibit the same lack of ability to proliferate in primary culture as normal adult hepatocytes; (b) adult hepatocytes can produce fetal isozymes without prior cell division; (c) pyruvate kinase is a stronger marker of dedifferentiation (retrodifferentiation) than aldolase; and (d) regulatory processes of isozyme expression are different during ontogenesis, regeneration, and hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID- 7250995 TI - Primary cultures of embryonic rat heart cells. PMID- 7250996 TI - Relative resistance to methotrexate by proliferating normal rabbit epidermal cells in vitro. AB - Primary cell cultures of normal rabbit epidermal cells (keratinocytes) were established without the use of enzymatic techniques. Six experiments were carried out on cells from six different rabbits. When these cells were exposed to methotrexate (MTX) for 24 h at 1 micrograms/ml, proliferation, as measured by cells entering mitosis, was significantly inhibited (P less than 0.05) in only one experiment. When the dose of MTX was elevated to 100 micrograms/ml, only two experiments showed significant inhibition of mitosis. This minimal inhibition of mitosis by MTX was contrasted by the dramatic inhibitory effect of this antimetabolite on DNA synthesis. At 1 micrograms/ml MTX for 24 h, DNA synthesis, as measured by [3H]deoxyuridine uptake, was inhibited greater than 95%. We can conclude that under certain conditions, the rabbit keratinocyte may represent a normal cell type that is inherently resistant to the anti-proliferative effects of methotrexate. PMID- 7250997 TI - Cytotoxicity of thermally oxidized fats. AB - The effects of oxidized fat components (free fatty acids from the distillable nonurea adductable fraction) isolated from heated corn oil or heated olive oil on the morphology and growth of heart cells in primary culture were investigated. The free fatty acid fractions isolated from the fresh fats served as controls. Different concentrations of the fat fractions (20, 60, and 100 micrograms/ml) were added to the medium in the form of an emulsion with bovine serum albumin (Fraction V, poor in unesterified fatty acids). In the cell cultures treated with heated fats, intracellular lipid accumulation, increased cytoplasmic vacuolization, mitotic aberrations, pyknotic cells, and decreased mitosis were observed and were more pronounced in the case of the heated olive oil. These cytotoxic effects increased with higher concentrations of heated fats in the medium. The fresh fats also produced intracellular lipid accumulation, reductions in mitosis, and changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, at the higher levels. These effects were greater in fresh olive oil-treated cultures. These observations indicate that oxidized fat components interfere physically or biochemically with normal cell functions resulting in pathological changes. PMID- 7250998 TI - Immunologic reactions of rabbit anti-Mycoplasma arthritidis serum with in vitro cultivated rat synovial cells. AB - The pathogenesis of the intra-articular, arthritic-inflammatory reaction caused by Mycoplasma arthritidis in susceptible rats and mice is poorly understood. To investigate this problem, synovial cells from normal Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured and studied in vitro. These cells continued to produce hyaluronic acid as measured by viscosity and chemical assays. Normal synovial cells were treated with rabbit serum specimens taken before and after immunization with M. arthritidis. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that the cells were killed in the presence of rabbit anti-M. arthritidis serum but not with preimmunization serum specimens. The anti-M. arthritidis serum was not cytotoxic to monolayer cultures of HEp-2, Vero, or L-cells. Antiserum produced in response to M. fermentans, M. hominis, and M. pulmonis did not produce a cytotoxic effect on the cultured synovial cells. From immunofluorescence studies it was demonstrated that the interactions occurred between the rabbit anti-M. arthritidis serum and synovial cell surface antigens. Extreme precautions were taken to prevent mycoplasmal contamination of rats and the synovial cells in culture. These observations would appear to support previous reports implicating mycoplasmas as biological triggering mechanisms of autoimmune reactions. PMID- 7251000 TI - Two dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7251001 TI - Percutaneous transfemoral cardiac catheterisation and balloon septostomy in small babies. PMID- 7251002 TI - Study of endomyocardial biopsies in cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7250999 TI - Analysis of cellular heterogeneity in mouse thymus cultures. AB - Analysis of 5 to 6 d primary cultures of cells derived from murine thymus glands revealed a heterogeneous population of cells rather than "pure" reticuloepithelial cell cultures as was assumed previously by other investigators. The monolayer cultures consisted of at least three cell types: thymus epithelial cells, macrophagelike epithelioid cells, and fibroblasts. Surprisingly, about 50% of the cells had positive cytochemical staining reactions for acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase. The sme cells phagocytized carbon particles, latex beads, and yeast. Furthermore, these cells could be removed from the initial cell suspension by phagocytosis of carbonyl iron, followed by magnetic separation, but once they had adhered to the substratum they were resistant to trypsin removal. All of these findings supported the conclusion that about 50% of the cells in the monolayers were macrophages. The other cells present were thymus epithelial cells and a small number of fibroblasts. Both of the latter types of cell were cytochemically negative, did not phagocytize particulate material, and were not removed by carbonyl iron treatment, but were removed by treating the monolayer with trypsin. The findings in this report indicated that epithelioid morphology alone was inadequate to identify correctly the cell types found in thymus cultures and that the use of such cultures as a model to study in vitro the maturation of certain immunological functions has been based on assumptions here shown to be incorrect. PMID- 7251003 TI - Electrocardiographic changes in the first month of life. PMID- 7251004 TI - Congenital partial pericardial defect on the right side associated with a bronchogenic cyst. A case report. PMID- 7251005 TI - Reversible sick sinus syndrome with junctional and ventricular escape and fusion beats in a case of tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 7251006 TI - Primary pulmonary hypertension in India. PMID- 7251007 TI - A simple method for purification of phenylalanine ammonia lyase using affinity chromatography to homogeneity. PMID- 7251008 TI - Separation & purification of an invertase and an inulase from germinating garlic (Allium sativum L.) bulbs. PMID- 7251010 TI - Characterization of proteins & nucleic acids after colitis phage infection. PMID- 7251009 TI - A rapid method for quantification & elucidation of the anomeric sugar specificity of lectins: demonstration with the lectins from Bandeiraea simplicifolia & Ricinus communis. PMID- 7251011 TI - Specificity in protein-nucleic acid interaction: Part II--Binding of mono- & di nucleoside phosphate to poly-L-lysine at different conformations. PMID- 7251012 TI - Steroid hormone-induced alterations in endometrium: Part III--Arrhenius plot analysis of mitochondrial oxytocinase. PMID- 7251013 TI - Thermodynamics of binding of anionic detergent to bovine serum albumin. PMID- 7251014 TI - Trans-cellular osmosis in internodal Characean cells. PMID- 7251015 TI - Correlation between the zeta potential of vesicles from nerve material & the transition voltage of the excitable membrane. PMID- 7251016 TI - Effect of D2O on enzyme-substrate interaction in rat liver uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase. PMID- 7251017 TI - Turnover of major phospholipids in Nocardia polychromogenes. PMID- 7251018 TI - Ornithine content in rat tissues. PMID- 7251019 TI - Studies on inactivation of thromboplastin system. PMID- 7251021 TI - A modified formula for evaluating thermal conductivity of blood. PMID- 7251020 TI - Lipid antioxidants & hemolysis. PMID- 7251022 TI - Tissue distribution of [3H]centpiperalone after oral administration. PMID- 7251023 TI - A simple method for the preparation of antiserum to human IgG. PMID- 7251024 TI - Thermodynamics of binding cationic & anionic detergents to gelatin & gelatin-BSA mixture. PMID- 7251025 TI - Specificity in protein-nucleic acid interaction: Part III--Binding of dipeptide to polynucleotide, an equilibrium dialysis study. PMID- 7251026 TI - Specificity in protein-nucleic acid interaction: Part IV--Influence of chirality on interaction of mono- & dinucleoside monophosphate with Gly-L-phenylalanine & Gly-D-phenylalanine. PMID- 7251027 TI - Interactions of nogalamycin & ethidium bromide with chromatin & DNA - histone (f1) complex. PMID- 7251028 TI - Chromatographic evaluation of heterogeneity of buffalo thyroglobulin. PMID- 7251029 TI - In vitro methylation of chromosomal proteins of the brain of rats of various ages & its modulation by epinephrine. PMID- 7251030 TI - Physicochemical behaviour of isolated DNA & 32P-incorporation in rat tissues following administration of iodine-125. PMID- 7251031 TI - Inhibition of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase by aromatic compounds. PMID- 7251032 TI - Comparative kinetic studies on mouse & bovine testicular hyaluronidases. PMID- 7251033 TI - Some observations on tryptamine-tetrazolium reductase activity of rat brain. PMID- 7251035 TI - Lipid composition of the amoeba, Hartmanella culbertsoni & its subcellular fractions. PMID- 7251034 TI - Metabolism & biological activity of 3-hydroxyretinol diester. PMID- 7251036 TI - Biochemical studies on lipopolysaccharide isolated from agglutinable & non agglutinable strains of V. cholerae. PMID- 7251037 TI - Changes in soluble glycoproteins in different tissues of alloxan diabetic rabbits. PMID- 7251038 TI - Reversal of fluoride inhibition of in vivo nitrate reduction by pyruvate: further evidence for citric acid cycle origin of NADH for nitrate reduction. PMID- 7251039 TI - Reconstituted DNA-histone complex: hydroxyapatite chromatography & electron microscopy. PMID- 7251040 TI - Identification of rat brain-specific soluble protein antigens. PMID- 7251041 TI - Purification of monkey testicular hyaluronidase by affinity chromatography & its molecular weight. PMID- 7251042 TI - Use of sodium dodecyl sulphate--an observation. PMID- 7251043 TI - Photodynamic breakdown of purine bases & nucleosides sensitized by methylene blue. PMID- 7251044 TI - [Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (author's transl)]. AB - Bacterial resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics can occur by a variety of mechanisms (including alteration of the drug target site, interference with drug transport into the cell, or enzymatic detoxification of the antibiotics) due to chromosomal mutations or the inheritance of new genetic information mediated by resistance plasmids. Studies with 475 gram-negative bacteria isolated at the university hospital Bonn revealed that about 10% of the strains were resistant to gentamicin. 44 of 46 strains produced aminoglycoside modifying enzymes; the remaining two strains do not produce detectable enzymatic activity. Among those aminoglycoside transferases causing multiresistance to modern aminoglycosides, the nucleotidyltransferase ANT-(2") occurs most frequently and accounts for 88% of the gentamicin resistant klebsiella strains. The gentamicin acetylating enzymes AAC-(2'), AAC-(6'), and AAC-(3) are detected less frequently. All aminoglycoside transferases, except one acetyltransferase AAC-(2') from Proteus vulgaris, were found to be plasmid encoded. PMID- 7251045 TI - Comparative studies on antibodies to poly(ADP-ribose) in rabbits and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Immunochemical studies were made on the antibodies induced in rabbits against poly(ADP-ribose) and naturally-occurring antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Antibodies against poly(ADP-ribose) could also be induced in rabbits by oligo(ADP-ribose) associated with rat liver histones and by a complex of poly(ADP-ribose) with methylated bovine serum albumin (MBSA). The two types of antibody were inhibited to the same extent by poly(ADP-ribose). However, the antibody induced by oligo(ADP-ribose) associated with histones was inhibited by oligo(ADP-ribose) with an average chain length if 4 ADP-ribosyl units and by phosphoribosyl adenosine monophosphate (PR-AMP) but not by mono ADP-ribose, whereas that induced by poly(ADP-ribose) was practically not inhibited by these related compounds even in excess amounts. The sera of ten cases of systemic lupus erythematosus showing high antibody activity against poly(ADP-ribose) were also examined immunochemically. It was found that the antibodies of three patients showed a similar inhibitory pattern to that of antibody induced in rabbits by oligo(ADP-ribose) associated with histones, those of three patients showed a similar pattern to that of antibody produced in rabbits by poly(ADP-ribose), and the remainder did not show either pattern. These findings suggest that oligo(ADP ribose) associated with histones may serve as antigen to elicit naturally occuring antibodies to poly(ADP-ribose) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7251046 TI - Studies on the mechanism of rat natural cellular cytotoxicity and its inhibition by normal rat serum. AB - Non-immune rat spleen lymphoid cells exhibit the capacity to lyse normal dermal derived fibroblast target cells in the presence of foetal bovine calf serum (FCS) containing medium, using a 51Cr-release assay. The addition of as little as 1% normal rat serum (NRS) inhibits this reaction. The present study seeks to identify the conditions of factors that may induce or inhibit the expression of normal effector cell (NEC)-mediated lysis. Possible cytotoxicity promoting or inhibiting soluble products released from effector or target cells on their own or in combination could not be demonstrated. Also, the independence of NEC activity from stimulatory factors specifically present in FCS-supplemented medium was illustrated using a variety of heterologous serum supplements as well as purified bovine serum albumin (BSA). The effects of pre-incubating spleen cells in medium supplemented with FCS and NRS, and interchanging these sera in the assay system at various times, showed that the cytotoxic capacity of NECs develops from otherwise inactive cells, in a time-dependent way, immediately upon removal from the inhibitory influence of NRS. Identification of NRS inhibitory factor showed that it was a non-dialysable, heat-stable (at 56 degrees for 30 min) macromolecule of approximately 14,000 to 26,000 mol. wt. PMID- 7251047 TI - Tolerance and immunity in mice infected with herpes simplex virus: simultaneous induction of protective immunity and tolerance to delayed-type hypersensitivity. AB - Unresponsiveness to delayed type hypersensitivity was induced in mice following an intravenous injection of herpes simplex virus. The principal tolerogens used were thymidine kinase-deficient virus mutants which grow poorly in vivo; u.v. inactivated and to a lesser extent formalin-inactivated virus were also tolerogenic. The tolerance induced was specific for the virus type. Despite the tolerance to delayed hypersensitivity, anti-viral immunity is present as determined by the rapid inactivation of infectious virus. The mechanism of tolerance to herpes virus and the importance of these observations for the pathogenesis of viral disease is discussed. PMID- 7251049 TI - Species restriction in cytostatic activity of human and murine monocytes and macrophages. AB - The pattern of species restriction in cytostatic activity of human breast-milk macrophages (Mph) and murine starch-activated peritoneal exudate (PE) Mph was investigated. Human Mph had appreciable cytostatic activity only for human target cells and not for murine or avian target cells. In contrast, murine Mph were particularly cytostatic for target cells from heterologous species and not as cytostatic for other murine cells. This difference in the activity of murine Mph was more notable when freshly explanted fibroblasts were used as target cells than when the cytostasis of long-term tissue culture lines was measured. Experiments with peripheral blood monocytes from the two species indicated that this pattern of reactivity may be common to mononuclear phagocytes from other sources. Therefore, human Mph are preferentially cytostatic for target cells of self species; whereas, murine Mph are equally if not more cytostatic for target cells from other species. PMID- 7251048 TI - Classes and subclasses of rat antibodies: reaction with the antigen and interaction of the complex with the complement system. AB - Antibodies against the dinitroaminophenyl (DNAP) haptenic group were raised in outbred CFY rats using HSA or LPS as carrier. Antibodies isolated by immunoadsorbent techniques were resolved into fractions representing distinct isotypes, and the resulting fractions were tested for avidity. Subclass IgG2a was found to contain antibodies of an avidity index lower than those of other IgG subclasses or IgM. IgG2a was the only isotype detected when DNAP-LPS was used for immunization. Complexes containing defined isotypes were compared for their capacity to activate homologous complement. IgGl type antibody-containing complexes displayed a low complement activating capacity compared with those containing IgG2b, IgG2c or IgG2a. The latter subclass when complexed with antigen can thus induce complement-dependent processes in spite of a low avidity. Insoluble complexes of IgG antibodies were rapidly solubilized in rat serum (CRA phenomenon), except those containing predominantly IgG2c. PMID- 7251050 TI - Antigen-induced non-specific suppressor factor in sheep efferent lymph is prostaglandin E2. AB - Efferent lymph from the popliteal node of sheep challenged with antigen was found to suppress the in vitro transformation of sheep peripheral blood lymphocytes to a variety of antigens. The suppressor factor appeared 6-20 hr after challenged of the node and was shown to be prostaglandin E2, probably complexed to albumin. PMID- 7251051 TI - Absorption of macrophage aggregating factor by guinea-pig peritoneal exudate cells. AB - Lymphokine (LK)-induced aggregation of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) has been measured using a quantitative technique. Aggregating activity could be removed from LK preparations by absorption of these with PEC and, in addition, the absorbing PEC, on further incubation themselves aggregated. Absorption of aggregating activity to PEC was rapid, being easily measurable at between 2-5 and 10 min although it was difficult to demonstrate at 30 min. Trypsinized PEC were as effective as normal PEC in absorbing aggregating activity. alpha-L-fucose inhibited LK-induced PEC aggregation and this inhibition showed some specificity in being significantly greater than that obtained with D(+)galactose. However, measurement of the subsequent aggregation of PEC which had been pulse exposed to LK, in the presence of alpha-L-fucose, showed that alpha-L-fucose had no effect on this aggregation. It is concluded that the measurement of aggregating activity can be used to study LK binding to PEC, although the relationship of this binding to the inhibition of aggregation obtained with alpha-L-fucose is not clear. PMID- 7251053 TI - IgE antibody suppression following aerosol exposure to antigens. AB - Exposure of mice to aerosolized antigens induced a low level IgG1 response but not detectable IgE antibodies. Subsequent intraperitoneal immunization of these mice demonstrated immunoglobulin class-specific IgE suppression. Low concentrations of nebulized antigen induced IgE suppression which was antigen specific and persisted on subsequent secondary and tertiary injections. Although a single aerosolized antigen exposure significantly decreased the IgE response, maximal suppression was observed when the mice were exposed to nebulized antigen once weekly for at least 6 weeks. The suppression was not observed until 3 weeks following nebulizer exposure. Mice exposed once weekly to nebulized antigen for 6 weeks and then rested for 2 months before intraperitoneal immunization still demonstrated suppression. However, animals first immunized intraperitoneally and then exposed to nebulized antigen produced normal secondary IgE and IgG1 responses. These results suggest that antigen exposure by aerosol may profoundly alter the IgE response. PMID- 7251054 TI - Binding parameters of defined immune complexes to rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL) cells. AB - The binding parameters of chemically-defined immune complexes composed of rat IgGa-anti-human serum albumin (HSA) to rat basophilic leukaemia cells were analysed. It was demonstrated that the uptake of various sized immune complexes is time-, temperature- and pH-dependent. A higher binding rate was observed with more Fc portions available in the immune complex. A comparison of the binding rate for immune complexes with that of heat aggregates shows that immune complexes bind with greater affinity to the cells. PMID- 7251052 TI - Natural killer cells appear to play no role in the recovery of mice from Sindbis virus infection. AB - Previous studies have suggested that non-specific defence mechanisms may be important in the development of age-dependent resistance to fatal Sindbis-virus infection and in the recovery of adult mice from non-fatal infection. In these studies, natural killer (NK) cell induction was studied in 7-day-old susceptible mice and 28-35-day-old resistant mice. It was found that Sindbis virus infection induced NK cells in both the young and older mice, suggesting that NK cells were not important in the acquisition of resistance to fatal Sindbis-virus infection. Transfer of 10(8) lymph node cells from adult, mice, at the peak of NK cell activity, did not protect young mice from fatal infections, supporting the in vitro findings. The pathogenesis of Sindbis virus infection in C57BL/6J bg/bg (NK cell deficient) and bg/+ (NK-cell normal) mice was also studied. Despite a defect in the induction of NK cells by Sindbis virus infection in the bg/bg mice, there were no significant differences in the pathogenesis of either peripheral or intracerebral infection in these strains of mice. These studies suggest that although NK cells are induced, they may not be important in the recovery of mice from Sindbis virus infection. PMID- 7251055 TI - In vivo experiments involving secretory component in the rat hepatic transfer of polymeric IgA from blood into bile. AB - Human or rat purified secretory IgA (sIgA) injected intravenously (i.v.) into rats is transferred to bile much less (seven to twenty-four times) than human or rat polymeric IgA (pIgA) devoid of secretory component (SC). A polymeric Fc alpha (pFc alpha) fragment of a human IgAl myeloma protein, obtained by IgA-protease digestion, bound in vitro to rat SC and was actively transferred in vivo into bile, in contrast to the corresponding Fab alpha. The IgA recovered in bile was not degraded, as judged by sedimentation in density gradients. Purified rabbit IgG anti-rat SC antibody was also efficiently transported in vivo into bile, about forty times more than normal rabbit IgG. The biliary transport of anti-Sc antibody could be reduced and retarded by the simultaneous i.v. injection of purified rat SC or human pIgA. The transfer of rat 125I-pIgA into bile was also significantly reduced and retarded by the concomitant i.v. injection of purified rat or human SC. Moreover, i.v. injection of purified rat or human SC induced a marked and prolonged decrease of the sIgA level in the bile. Rat SC was more effective than human SC in this respect. All these in vivo experiments confirm the in vitro findings of Orlans, Peppard, Fry, Hinton : Mullock, (1979) and Socken, Jeejeebhoy, Bazin & Underdown, (1979) showing that Sc is the IgA-receptor on the hepatocyte membrane for the transfer of pIgA from rat plasma into bile. PMID- 7251056 TI - Transfer by serum and cells of resistance to infection with Strongyloides ratti in mice. AB - C57Bl/6 mice were infected with Strongyloides ratti. Susceptibility to infection was ascertained by quantifying the numbers of larvae in the faeces 1 week after infection. Resistance to infection was transferred by pooled immune serum and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells obtained 2 and 3 weeks after infection. There was no additive effect when immune serum and MLN cells were given together. Protection was not conferred by MLN cells 1, 4 or 6 weeks after infection nor by spleen cells taken 1--6 weeks after infection. There was, however, a mild non specific reduction in larval excretion after transfer of either normal or immune spleen cells. These data indicate that both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses may confer resistance to infection in murine strongyloidiasis. PMID- 7251057 TI - Enhanced degradation of soluble immune complexes by guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages in the presence of complement. AB - The role of complement in the processing of soluble immune complexes by guinea pig peritoneal macrophages was studied in an homologous system in vitro by using immune complexes prepared with bovine thyroglobulin as the antigen and guinea-pig IgG2 antibodies. The simplest complexes showing complement activation and which were degradable by macrophages had a composition of Ag1 Ab2-3. Complement was shown to have an enhancing effect on the degradation of complexes which had an antibody: antigen ratio in the complexes which was at least 4 (Ag1 Ab4). The effect of size on complement activation and degradation of the complexes by macrophages was studied by employing the observation that immune complexes increase in size during their preparation. In the presence of serum as a complement source it was shown that degradation of small complexes by macrophages was inhibited whereas the degradation of large complexes was enhanced. The enhanced degradation of complexes in the presence of fresh serum did not occur in C4-deficient serum nor in EDTA-serum, which indicates that the observed effect is complement mediated. The experiments described here thus extend and confirm earlier studies using heat aggregated immunoglobulins and show that complement may play an important role in the elimination of immune complexes in vivo. PMID- 7251059 TI - The effect of iron and transferrin on the response of serum-free cultures of mouse lymphocytes to concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide. AB - Incorporation of [14C]-thymidine into mouse lymph node cells stimulated with either Con-canavalin A or lipopolysaccharide in serum-free medium was markedly enhanced by the addition of transferrin. Thymidine incorporation was similar in transferrin-containing serum-free medium and in medium containing 5% foetal calf serum. Transferrins from both homologous and heterologous species were equally effective, but iron-binding half-molecules of transferrin, and low molecular weight iron chelates produced no enhancement. The optimal response was obtained with 10--50 micrograms/ml of transferrin, and with 30%--70% iron saturation. Although the major function of transferrin in lymphocyte cultures is probably to supply iron, it may also fulfil other functions. PMID- 7251058 TI - Long-term antigen retention by dendritic cells in the popliteal lymph node of immunized mice. AB - Antigen retention by follicular dendritic cells (FDC) was studied in the popliteal lymph nodes (PLN) of mice actively or passively immunized against human serum albumin (HSA) or horse spleen ferritin. Electron microscopic autoradiography was used to locate a challenge dose (1 microgram) of 125I labelled HSA in the draining PLN following injection into the hind footpad of specifically immune mice. In both actively and passively immunized mice, the radiolabelled antigen was localized to the follicles in the cortex of the draining node. In actively immunized mice, the antigen formed a crescent of label on the superficial aspect of germinal centres, while in passively immunized mice label was seen in primary follicles. In electron microscope autoradiographs, the silver grains were concentrated in areas of dendritic cell processes which emanated from a cell body containing a characteristic irregular nucleus. The size and complexity of the dendritic cell processes increased in actively immunized mice suggesting that the FDC could hypertrophy. High resolution studies using the electron-dense antigen, ferritin, showed that it was localized to the extracellular space of the FDC processes and was associated with amorphous electron-dense material; presumably immune complexes. Antigen was not present uniformly distributed in the extracellular material but rather it was in discrete patches occupying small segments of the FDC processes. Large amounts of label free electron-dense material were present suggesting that immune complexes of various specificities were present on each DC. Ferritin was seen more than 3 months after challenge but only on the FDC. The data suggest that the antigen retaining mechanism in the lymph node of immune mice is antigen non-specific, is capable of hypertrophy in response to active immunization and provides a mechanism for stable long-term retention of antigen. PMID- 7251060 TI - Transferrin binding and iron uptake by mouse lymph node cells during transformation in response to concanavalin A. AB - Mouse lymph node cells cultured with Concanavalin A (Con A) in serum-free medium containing 59Fe-transferrin took up 59Fe more rapidly than cells cultured without Con-A. Uptake of iron commenced rapidly and preceded the onset of DNA synthesis in stimulated cells. Total uptake of transferrin during culture was much lower than that of iron, indicating that cells could remove iron from transferrin. The released transferrin appeared to be undergraded. Lymphoblasts bound six times more transferrin per cell than small lymphocytes. Lymphocytes also took up iron from citrate and nitrilotriacetate complexes, and iron so acquired was not readily removed by desferrioxamine, indicating that it was not bound extracellularly. PMID- 7251061 TI - Natural clusterings of Fc receptors on human neutrophils--not affected by the cytoskeletal reagents. AB - By using sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation and immunodiffusion, we confirmed the monovalency of the electron microscopic ligand for the receptor for the Fc portion of IgG (FcR) on human neutrophils, which was composed of one ferritin (Fer) molecule and one IgG anti-Fer molecule. Pre-treatment of neutrophils at 37 degrees for 30 min with cytochalasin B, colchicine, both of the reagents, concanavalin A, and tetracaine did not alter the clustering of FcR on the surface, which was demonstrated by the ligand at 0 degrees. The effectiveness of these employed cytoskeletal reagents was determined ultrastructurally by observing the changes of morphology and cytoskeletal structures of treated neutrophils; a novel and unique cellular change of cytochalasin B-treated neutrophils was described which we called arachnocytosis. Under our experimental conditions the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane under the receptor patches did not show any specialized density resembling coated membrane regions. These data verify our previous finding that FeR is naturally clustered on human neutrophils, and suggest strongly that the FcR natural clustering is not primarily mediated by the cytoskeletons consisting of microfilaments (actin) and microtubules, and the coated membrane region. The exact mechanism for FcR clustering on human neutrophils is not clear and remains to be elucidated. PMID- 7251062 TI - Enhanced alternative complement pathway-dependent degradation of soluble immunoglobulin aggregates by macrophages. AB - The role of complement in the processing of soluble immune aggregates by guinea pig peritoneal macrophages was studied in a homologous system in vitro. Stable soluble aggregates of guinea-pig IgG1 are shown to activate the alternative pathway in C4-deficient guinea-pig serum. At 37 degrees and under serum-free conditions, adherent peritoneal macrophages degraded in 2 hr at least 50% of the available immunoglobulin aggregates. Addition of fresh C4D serum to the incubation mixtures caused a two-fold increase in the rate of degradation. The stimulating effect of C4D serum was complement-mediated, because it was abolished by heat treatment, CoVF treatment and specific C3 depletion of the C4D serum. Functional inactivation of C3 receptors on the macrophages by trypsin also impeded the stimulating effect of fresh C4D serum. The results indicate that the alternative pathway of complement contributes significantly to the elimination of soluble immune complexes by mononuclear phagocytes. PMID- 7251063 TI - Protection of mice against Mycoplasma pulmonis infection using purified mouse immunoglobulins: comparison between protective effect and biological properties of immunoglobulin classes. AB - Purified mouse immunoglobulins with specific activity against Mycoplasma pulmonis were examined for their ability to protect mice against intranasal (i.n.) infection with this organism. The survival of mycoplasmas in the respiratory tract of mice inoculated i.n. with M. pulmonis mixed with either IgG1, IgGa, IgG2b or IgA antibodies was less than that seen in control animals inoculated with mycoplasmas mixed with normal mouse serum. The ways in which the immunoglobulin fractions could have mediated resistance were examined in vitro. IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b antibody fractions killed M. pulmonis in the presence of guinea-pig complement, and also promoted the phagocytosis of M. pulmonis by mouse lung macrophages. In contrast, IgA antibody did not appear to be either mycoplasmacidal or opsonic. PMID- 7251066 TI - Observation of 50 cases of purpura in childhood. PMID- 7251065 TI - Hemostasis and purpura. PMID- 7251067 TI - Role of male pattern alopecia and diffuse alopecia in females on the strength of human scalp hair. PMID- 7251064 TI - Suppression of contact hypersensitivity in mice by ultraviolet irradiation is associated with defective antigen presentation. AB - A single dose of radiation from FS40 sunlamps results in systemic depression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNCB) and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB). Immunosuppression is proportional to the log10 dose of radiation and exhibits a delayed time course. Animals sensitized one day after ultraviolet (u.v.) treatment respond normally, but sensitization 3 15 days after treatment results in about 70% suppression of the DTH response. The dose response of DTH in normal and u.v.-treated animals to 1,3,5-trinitrophenyl (TNP) conjugated adherent splenocytes from normal or u.v.-treated donors was investigated. When normal mice were immunized with TNP-conjugated adherent splenocytes from normal or u.v.-treated donors, a DTH response could be elicited in these animals by injection of TNP-conjugated splenocytes into the ear. However, u.v.-irradiated recipients could not be sensitized by TNP-conjugated adherent cells from u.v.-treated mice but were sensitized by such cells from normal mice. Lysed, TNP-conjugated, normal adherent splenocytes did not immunize u.v.-irradiated recipients, but did immunize normal recipients. These results confirmed that antigen presentation is deficient in u.v.-treated mice. The time of appearance of the antigen-presenting defect in the spleen cells of u.v. treated mice was the same as for the depression of contact sensitivity, strengthening the evidence for a causal relationship between defective antigen presentation and depression of contact sensitivity. PMID- 7251068 TI - Drug interactions between centazolone & some centrally acting agents. PMID- 7251069 TI - Influence of an Indian medicine (Ashwagandha) on acute-phase reactants in inflammation. PMID- 7251070 TI - Purification of lectin from a tropical plant Momordica dioica Roxb. PMID- 7251071 TI - A simple method for the study of in vitro calculogenesis. PMID- 7251072 TI - Sorbitol dehydrogenase & hyaluronidase activity in buffalo semen. PMID- 7251073 TI - Histological evidence of protection by Indigofera tinctoria Linn. against carbontetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity--an experimental study. PMID- 7251074 TI - Assessment of airflow obstruction: a comparison of various methods of evaluation. PMID- 7251075 TI - Primary pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7251076 TI - Expectoration of bronchogenic tumour component. PMID- 7251081 TI - Prevalence of skin diseases in various socio-economic classes-results of school survey in Surat District (Gujarat). PMID- 7251080 TI - Pulmonary cryptococcoma. PMID- 7251077 TI - Acute pulmonary edema following scorpion sting. PMID- 7251078 TI - Posterior mediastinal teratoma with spinal compression. PMID- 7251079 TI - Primary carcinoma of the trachea. PMID- 7251082 TI - Maternal foetal calcium relationships in human beings. PMID- 7251083 TI - 17-Ketosteroid excretion in urine in duodenal ulcer patients. PMID- 7251084 TI - Tubercular endometritis (a clinicopathological study). PMID- 7251085 TI - A neuropathologically proven case of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7251087 TI - A histopathological study of bone changes in 20 cases of end stage renal failure. PMID- 7251086 TI - Cysticercus cellulosae causing conjunctival cyst. PMID- 7251089 TI - Primary chromoblastomycosis of brain - a case report. PMID- 7251088 TI - Congenital nephrotic syndrome; a case report. PMID- 7251090 TI - Sodium pump activity in arteries of Dahl salt-sensitive rats. AB - Decreased activity of the electrogenic sodium pump of vascular smooth muscle has been reported in several forms of experimental hypertension and may play an important role in basic disease mechanisms. It has been proposed that such pump suppression may characterize volume-expanded forms of hypertension. The present investigation tested this latter hypothesis. Sodium pump activity was assessed in vitro in sodium-loaded tail artery and thoracic aorta freshly excised from Dahl salt-sensitive (S) and salt-resistant (R) rats on low (0.4%) or high (8%) NaCl diets for 5 to 7 weeks. Rubidium (86Rb) uptake in the absence (total uptake) and presence (ouabain-insensitive uptake) of 1.0mM ouabain was measured and ouabain sensitive uptake (nmole/mg dry weight/10 min) was calculated. In S rats, salt feeding was accompanied by elevation of arterial pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, increases of 20% to 30% in total blood volume, and increases in the ouabain sensitive, ouabain-insensitive, and total uptakes in the aorta, but no significant change in uptakes in the tail artery. However, ouabain-sensitive uptake in the tail artery of all S rats exceeded than in R rats. There was no evidence of a decrease in vascular sodium pump activity accompanying hypertension in either artery. Therefore, the results of this study provide no evidence in support of the hypothesis that pump suppression in vascular smooth muscle characterizes volume-expanded forms of hypertension. It is unlikely that the observed increases in vascular pump activity in S rats reflected intracellular sodium concentrations higher than those in the control rats. Rather, increases in the numbers of pump molecules or in their turnover rate are probably involved. PMID- 7251091 TI - Central opiate system modulation of the area postrema pressor pathway. AB - Angiotensin II, when given into the vertebral arteries, acts at the area postrema to augment central sympathetic vasomotor activity. The mechanism of action is unknown but recent evidence implicates an interaction with the opiate system. In dogs anesthetized with chloralose either alone or in combination with morphine, naloxone blunted the pressor response to vertebrally administered angiotensin II by 50%. Addition of morphine to dogs anesthetized with chloralose only doubled the pressor response to identical doses of angiotensin II. On the other hand, the magnitude of the pressor responses to intravenously infused angiotensin II were unaltered by either naloxone or morphine. Likewise, responses to norepinephrine given vertebrally and intravenously were not similarly affected. Therefore, naloxone-induced changes in vascular responsiveness were not responsible for the altered sensitivity of the area postrema to angiotensin II following blockade of endogenous opiates. The data suggest that there exists a previously unrecognized interaction of the endogenous opiate system in the medulla in mediating the pressor effects of angiotensin II at the level of the area postrema. PMID- 7251092 TI - Sodium excretion and blood pressure. PMID- 7251093 TI - Effect of hemodialysis on blood volume distribution and cardiac output. AB - Effects of hemodialysis on extracellular fluid volume distribution, left ventricular volumes, and cardiac output were determined in patients with end stage renal disease (n = 19). Distribution of extracellular fluid loss from hemodialysis differed widely among patients, so that weight change correlated weakly with contraction of total blood volume (index of determination 29%, p less than 0.05). End-diastolic volume (EDV) decreased from 150 +/- 49 ml (mean +/- SD) to 118 +/- 42 ml, p less than 0.001; stroke volume (SV) decreased from 108 +/- 36 to 86 +/- 33 ml (p less than 0.001) without change in ejection fraction (from 0.73 +/- 0.09 to 0.74 +/- 0.11). A significant correlation was found between total blood volume (TBV) and EDV before (r = 0.66, p less than 0.005) and after dialysis (r = 0.61, p less than 0.001). The correlation between TBV and SV was highly significant before (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001) and after dialysis (r = 0.66, p less than 0.005), but there was no correlation between change in TBV and change in EDV or in SV. The ratio of EDV to TBV (EDV/TBV x 100) was reduced significantly from 3.49 +/- 0.92 to 3.06 +/- 0.97, p less than 0.001). There results suggest that, although intravascular volume was the major determinant of cardiac output in dialyzed patients, the postdialysis reduction in cardiac output might be related more to the relocation of blood volume than to the absolute degree of blood volume contraction. PMID- 7251094 TI - Blood pressure response to hemodialysis. AB - Blood pressure response to hemodialysis was investigated in 15 patients with end stage kidney disease; mean arterial pressure was unchanged in five (Group 1) and reduced 10 mm Hg in 10 (Group 2). The two groups did not differ significantly with regard to either biochemical values or hemodynamic indices before dialysis, and both sustained comparable reduction in body weight, total blood volume, and cardiac output following dialysis. Heart rate remained unchanged in both. The only significant difference between the two was the response of total peripheral resistance (TPR) to fluid depletion. TPR rose adequately in Group 1 but was unchanged in Group 2 (7.5 +/- 2.2 (SE) vs 0.7 +/- 1.1 units, p less than 0.025) despite equal fall in cardiac output in both (881 +/- 212 vs 890 +/- 173 ml/m, p less than 0.10). Thus, differences in arterial pressure response to fluid loss by hemodialysis could be due to impaired autonomic control of resistance vessels; this abnormality might not be revealed by tests of baroreceptor activity that depend only on heart rate responses to blood pressure variations. PMID- 7251095 TI - The antihypertensive mechanism of clonidine in man. Evidence against a generalized reduction of sympathetic activity. AB - Recording of multi-unit sympathetic activity were made from muscle branches of the peroneal nerve during i.v. bolus injection of 100 to 275 micrograms clonidine in seven hypertensive patients. Blood pressure was reduced in all patients, but sympathetic activity and heart rate could either increase or decrease. When plasma levels of clonidine were low, sympathetic activity tended to increase, and when plasma levels were high, activity tended to decrease. Irrespective of whether mean level of sympathetic activity increased or decreased with the fall in blood pressure level, transient fluctuations of blood pressure continued to cause dynamic baroreflex modulation of the sympathetic outflow. It is suggested that the drug influences sympathetic outflow by a combination of central and peripheral effects. PMID- 7251096 TI - Essential hypertension with low conjugated catecholamines imitates pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7251097 TI - Hydralazine: effect on contraction mechanics of WKY and SHR rat heart muscle. AB - Chronic hydralazine treatment (2 weeks) in 22-week-old normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) significantly lowered the systolic blood pressure in both groups. Left ventricular papillary muscles from nontreated and treated WKY and SHR were placed in an isometric myography, and contractile indices monitored. Nontreated WKY and SHR were not statistically different comparing: tension, maximum contraction and relaxation rates, time to maximum tension, total contraction time, or passive and active length-tension curves. Hydralazine-treated WKY and SHR had significantly reduced tension and maximum rates of tension development and relaxation; passive length-tension characteristics were not altered. Stressing the papillary muscles with increased frequency of electrical stimulation (0.1-2 Hz) did not differentiate the various groups. Significant (p less than 0.05) alteration with isoproterenol (10(-9)-10( 5) M) occurred with the hydralazine-treated WKY, which responded with a greater increase in relaxation rate than the hydralazine-treated SHR. It is suggested that the clinically very useful drug, hydralazine, causes a distinct contractile state alteration in rat myocardium after treatment sufficient to lower SHR blood pressure to a normal range. PMID- 7251098 TI - Hemodynamic responses to bilateral lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarii in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. AB - Systemic and regional hemodynamic responses to bilateral lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) were studied in alpha-chloralose-urethane anesthetized American Wistar rats (NR), Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by microsphere methods. After NTS lesions, arterial pressure rose by virtue of increased total peripheral resistance in each strain. Cardiac output was lower in NR and WKY, but not in SHR. In all strains, vasoconstriction was nonuniformly distributed among the systemic vasculatures: hepatosplanchnic, renal, and carcass (i.e. skin, skeletal muscle, bone, fat) vascular resistances were higher, but cerebral and coronary vascular resistance remained unchanged. There were some differences, however, in regional vascular responses to NTS lesions among these strains: carcass vasoconstriction was predominant in NR; it was less evident in SHR; and the WKY responses were intermediate. These results indicate that, although systemic hemodynamic responses were similar in these strains, and the reflex inhibition of central sympathetic outflow is not evidently deteriorated in SHR, the regional hemodynamics (i.e., hepatosplanchnic and renal vasculatures) in the SHR demonstrated greater arteriolar constriction. PMID- 7251099 TI - Impaired cardiac contractile response to isoproterenol in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - To test the ability of the hypertrophied ventricle to increase its contractility in response to sympathetic stimulation, we compared the chronotropic, inotropic, and relaxation responses to graded in fusions of isoproterenol in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with responses of matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls. A closed-chested, direct ventricle puncture was used for the study. The SHR required a higher threshold dose (0.04 vs 0.01 micrograms/kg/min) for a significant chronotropic response, and their maximal response of heart rate was smaller than in WKY (delta HR = +12.5 +/- 5.4 vs +22.8 +/- 10.7 beats/min, p less than 0.01). Contractility indices did not increase in the SHR after isoproterenol infusion: (delta dP/dt +2224.3 +/- 1304.7 mm Hg/sec; delta dP/dt/P = +5.1 +/- 9.3 sec-1, p greater than 0.05) in sharp contrast with the marked increases observed in WKY (delta dP/dt = +4682.1 +/- 435.0 mm Hg/sec, p less than 0.01; delta dP/dt/P +78.6 +/- 8.0 sec-1, p less than 0.001). Left ventricular relaxation rate was marked diminished by isoproterenol in SHR (delta neg dP/dt = -2598.6 +/- 855.0 mm Hg/sec) whereas it was not altered significantly in normotensive rats. Thus, cardiac contractile and chronotropic responses were markedly diminished in SHR, possibly as a result of diminished beta adrenoreceptor mediation; further, the impairment of the relaxation rate induced by isoproterenol in SHR might also interfere with contractile cardiac performance during stress. PMID- 7251100 TI - Arterial pressure and exaggerated natriuresis in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7251101 TI - The use of screening tools for the estimation of tuberculosis case rates in a community. PMID- 7251102 TI - Infant mortality in relation with mothers' reproductive history. PMID- 7251103 TI - Nutritional profile of children in rural community findings of two surveys. PMID- 7251105 TI - Lactoserological study for detection of Q fever infection in freshly secreted bovine milk. PMID- 7251104 TI - Measles in a rural community. PMID- 7251106 TI - Prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections. PMID- 7251107 TI - Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (HBsAb) in civilian blood donors in Delhi area. PMID- 7251109 TI - Zinc and copper in human nutrition. PMID- 7251108 TI - Evaluation of Lac dye as a possible food colour: studies on hepatic biochemistry. PMID- 7251110 TI - Superstitions and child health. PMID- 7251111 TI - The impact of nutrition education by different methods on nutritional knowledge in rural primary school children. PMID- 7251114 TI - Congenital deficiency of factor vii. Case reports of nonidentical twins. PMID- 7251115 TI - Apert's syndrome (case report). PMID- 7251113 TI - Marfanoid skeletal features in three generations of a family (case reports). PMID- 7251112 TI - A decade's morbidity and mortality pattern amongst children hospitalized in a pediatric (medical) unit. PMID- 7251116 TI - Ebstein disease in a newborn. PMID- 7251117 TI - Primary health care. PMID- 7251118 TI - Facial palsy in newborn: clinical profile and long-term follow-up. PMID- 7251120 TI - Morbidity pattern and source of first contact care in rural underfive children. PMID- 7251119 TI - A clinicopathological study of nephrotic syndrome and role of immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 7251121 TI - Clinical profile of epilepsy in children. PMID- 7251122 TI - Vertical transmission of hepatitis-B. PMID- 7251123 TI - Dermatoglyphic pattern in Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 7251124 TI - Dermatoglyphics in Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 7251125 TI - Nezelof syndrome. PMID- 7251127 TI - Disseminated multicystic tuberculosis. (A case report). PMID- 7251128 TI - Neonatal hypophosphatasia. (A case report). PMID- 7251126 TI - Congenital muscular dystrophy. (A case report). PMID- 7251129 TI - S. Typhi in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7251130 TI - Early discharge of infants with birth weight of 1800 g or less and their care at home. PMID- 7251131 TI - Influence of (+)-cyanidanol-3 on the leukocyte migration inhibition test carried out in the presence of purified protein derivative and hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - It has been shown that (+)-cyanidanol-3, therapeutically administered during the course of acute hepatitis B, is able to favor the elimination of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from the blood. This observation suggests that (+) cyanidanol-3 might stimulate the cell-mediated immune response, since it is known that this type of response is responsible for elimination of the virus. In the present study, the possible action of (+)-cyanidanol-3 on this type of immunity was investigated by adding the substance in vitro to leukocyte migration inhibition tests, performed with the antigens purified protein derivative (PPD) and HBsAg and with leukocytes from individuals sensitized to these antigens. In normal individuals sensitized to PPD, the addition of (+)-cyanidanol-3 amplified the inhibition of migration by 7.0% (P less than 0.05). In patients previously infected by hepatitis B virus and sensitized to HBsAg, the addition of (+) cyanidanol-3 amplified the migration inhibition by 10.5% (P less than 0.05). A trend to a dose-response relation was observed with the antigen PPD. (+) Cyanidanol-3 did not modify leukocyte migration in the absence of an antigen. (+) Cyanidanol-3 therefore seems capable of amplifying the cell-mediated immune response as measured by the leukocyte migration inhibition test. It is thus possible that it favors the elimination of HBsAg in patients by this mechanism. PMID- 7251132 TI - Butyrate and propionate: important components of toxic dental plaque extracts. AB - Extracts of in vitro-cultured human dental plaque contain factors toxic to mammalian cells. Previous studies demonstrated that those toxic factors most readily released from cultured plaque had very low molecular weights and were heat stable. Studies reported here demonstrate that metabolic end products including short-chain fatty acids were present in fractions containing the low molecular-weight, heat-stable factors. The salts of two of these acids, butyrate and propionate, inhibited proliferation of both mouse L929 cells and human gingival fibroblasts. Furthermore, when tested at concentrations present in plaque extracts, the inhibitory effects of butyrate and propionate accounted for essentially all the inhibitory potential of the extracts. These findings, taken together with those of other groups, suggest that butyrate and propionate, end products of dental plaque metabolism, may have an etiological role in periodontal disease. PMID- 7251133 TI - Evidence for two mechanisms of dengue virus infection of adherent human monocytes: trypsin-sensitive virus receptors and trypsin-resistant immune complex receptors. AB - Trypsin treatment of adherent human monocytes greatly reduced or eliminated the ability of these cells to support dengue virus replication. However, addition of dilute (nonneutralizing) antibody to the inoculum and the culture medium resulted in viral yields similar to those from monocytes not treated with trypsin. These results suggested that viral entry was facilitated by phagocytosis of immune complexes via Fc receptors on the monocytes. This concept was tested by (i) pretreating monocytes with aggregated gamma globulin, which resulted in a 40-fold reduction of viral yields after infection with dilute antibody-virus complexes and (ii) forming an immune complex with virus, antivirus F(ab')2 fragments, and rabbit anti-human Fab. Whereas F(ab')2 fragments alone would not enhance virus replication in trypsin-treated monocytes, the immune complex containing a rabbit Fc piece did increase the yield of dengue virus. These results suggest that dengue virus can infect a cultured monocyte in two ways: (i) through a viral receptor that is trypsin sensitive or (ii) through an Fc receptor that is not trypsin sensitive. PMID- 7251134 TI - Ability of an avirulent mutant of Vibrio cholerae to colonize in the infant mouse upper bowel. AB - Vibrio cholerae strain 3083 (biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa) and Texas Star-SR (SR), a mutant derived from 3083 that produces the B (binding) but not the A (toxic) subunit of choleragen, were compared in their abilities to: (i) associate with the infant mouse upper bowel; (ii) survive and multiple there; and (iii) induce diarrhea. Vibrios labeled with 35SO4 were used to determine association with the upper bowel and ability to multiply. The parental strain associated significantly better than SR, although viable mutant cells were found in the infant mouse intestine 16 to 18 h after challenge. Addition of exogenous toxin enhanced the rate at which labeled SR (but not 3083) was cleared, further suggesting that SR associates less well with the upper bowel. Both SR and 3083 multiplied in the upper bowel but, due perhaps to slight net killing during the first 3 h and its more rapid rate of clearance, SR achieved a population size only 10% that of 3083 by 8 h postchallenge. Strain 3083 elicited diarrhea in infant mice but SR did not, even after 10 successive passages through the infant mouse intestine. Strain SR was slightly temperature sensitive at 37 and 40 degrees C. Its potential use as a live vaccine is discussed. PMID- 7251135 TI - Influence of prior cellular immunity on the in vitro lymphocyte response to virus antigens after influenza vaccination. AB - The in vitro peripheral blood lymphocyte response to specific influenza virus antigens was studied before and 2 weeks after trivalent influenza vaccination of 16 healthy persons. Changes in serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers were also determined. An inverse correlation was found between the prevaccination antibody titers and the log2 mean-fold increase in antibody titers after vaccination (r = -0.86, P less than 0.01). An inverse correlation was also found between the prevaccination stimulation index and the ratio of postvaccination to prevaccination stimulation index for each virus strain (A/Victoria, r = -0.48, P less than 0.05; A/USSR, r = -0.55, P less than 0.02; and B/Hong Kong, r = -0.55, P less than 0.02). Similar negative correlations were not consistently found with the nonspecific mitogens phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and concanavalin A. These results suggest that the state of cellular as well as humoral immunity to virus antigens before vaccination influence the magnitude of response after vaccination and that antigen-specific suppressor cell activity may be stimulated by vaccination. PMID- 7251136 TI - Level of complement activity and components C1, C4, C2, and C3 in complement response to bacterial challenge in malnourished rats. AB - In experimentally induced malnutrition in rats, there was no significant difference between the measured level of complement activity of the classical pathway (50% hemolytic complement [CH50]) and that of the alternative pathway (ACH50), although the levels of complement components C1, C4, C2, and C3 were depressed significantly. The complement activity showed a temporary elevation with a peak at 2 or 3 days after bacterial challenge with Staphylococcus aureus in rats, and we call this the complement response. After 3 days, CH50 and C3 in the malnourished rats and ACH50, CH50, and C3 in the well-nourished rats showed a significant increase, and C1, C4, and C2 in both groups tended to elevate. On the basis of these observations, the significance of the elevation of C3 in the complement response to bacterial infection showed a strong influence by enhancing the activation of both the classical and the alternative pathways, since C3 is known to be the junction of both complement pathways. In this way, C3 responded to an earlier stage than did the other components and may contribute to maintaining the body defense system against infection. PMID- 7251137 TI - An enterotoxin-negative strain of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 is capable of producing diarrhea in mice. AB - A strain of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 that consistently produced heat stable enterotoxin at 22 but not at 37 degrees C and another strain of the same serotype which did not produce enterotoxin at 22 degrees C were both positive for autoagglutination at 35 degrees C, a test that has been related to virulence in yersiniae. Both strains were infective for HeLa cells and produced guinea pig conjunctivitis. Mice infected with either strain through their drinking water developed diarrhea and excreted the organism in high numbers in the feces. A control strain of serotype O:3 positive for enterotoxin and HeLa cell infectivity but negative for autoagglutination was avirulent. Extracts of feces and intestines from mice with diarrhea were negative for enterotoxin. The results indicate that the heat-stable enterotoxin produced in vitro by some strains of Y. enterocolitica and measured by the infant mouse assay plays no role in pathogenesis as described by the mouse diarrhea model. PMID- 7251138 TI - Kinetics of adenosinediphosphoribosylation of elongation factor 2 in cells exposed to diphtheria toxin. AB - When susceptible cells are exposed to diphtheria toxin (Mr, 62,000) the N terminal 21,150-dalton A fragment of toxin reaches the cytoplasm, where it catalyzes the transfer of adenosinediphosphoribose from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to elongation factor 2 (EF2). Adenosinediphosphoribose-EF2 is inactive, so that protein synthesis is blocked. Using a simple, rapid assay for the amount of adenosinediphosphoribosylatable EF2 in unfractionated lysates of cultured cells we have followed the kinetics of inactivation of EF2 in CV-1 and BHK cells exposed to diphtheria toxin. With both cell lines a lag was observed between the addition of toxin to the cells and the adenosinediphosphoribosylation of EF2. The lag decreased with increasing toxin concentration until a limiting value of about 12 min was reached. The rate of adenosinediphosphoribosylation of EF2 after the lag was 10 to 20 times more rapid in CV-1 cells than in BHK cells exposed to the same toxin concentration. The concentration of fragment A active in the cytoplasm of toxin-treated cells was estimated from the rate of adenosinediphosphoribosylation observed. Comparison of these estimates with data from studies of binding of 125I-toxin to cells suggests that the fragment A of only a minor fraction of toxin molecules bound to cell surface receptors reaches the cytoplasm and participates in the inactivation of EF2. A model summarizing our current views on the process by which fragment A enters cells is presented. PMID- 7251139 TI - Adherence of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis to salivary components bound to glass. AB - Adherence of radiolabeled Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis to saliva-treated glass surfaces was studied under conditions which minimized bacteria-glass interactions. Treatment of glass with an alkylsilane solution decreased nonspecific bacterial adherence and enhanced adsorption of radiolabeled salivary components to these surfaces. Addition of Triton X-100 to the bacterial suspensions also reduced nonspecific adherence to siliconized glass, but did not affect adherence to salivary components attached to siliconized glass. Calcium stimulated S. mutans adherence to saliva-free glass, but inhibited adherence to saliva-treated glass. S. sanguis adherence to either saliva-free or saliva treated glass was inhibited slightly at high calcium ion concentrations. Adherence of streptococci to saliva-treated glass exhibited saturation kinetics, and the numbers of binding sites on the experimental salivary pellicle and the affinity constants for bacteria-saliva attachment were determined. Preincubation of the streptococci with whole saliva decreased their capacity to adhere to saliva-treated glass, but not to saliva-free glass. Bacteria adherent to saliva treated glass surfaces were readily desorbed by washing with saliva. The addition of homologous antisera, ammonium sulfate-precipitated immunoglobulins, or Fab fragments to the bacterial suspensions inhibited cell adherence to saliva-treated glass. PMID- 7251141 TI - Bactericidal activity of human lactoferrin: influence of physical conditions and metabolic state of the target microorganism. AB - Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein that is bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans and several other microorganisms. In this study, the influence of several physical conditions as well as the metabolic state of S. mutans on lactoferrin susceptibility were investigated. After exposure to lactoferrin, a 15-min lag period occurred before the initiation of killing, indicating that a two-step process is involved in lactoferrin killing. Cultures harvested during the early exponential phase were very sensitive to lactoferrin, whereas cultures harvested in the early stationary phase were markedly more resistant. The rate of killing was dependent on temperature; there was no loss of viability at 2 degrees C. Killing occurred at pH 5.0 to 6.0 in water and 20 mM glycine, but did not occur at any pH in 50 mM sodium phosphate or N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2 ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer. Addition of exogenous ferrous or ferric ions did not reverse or prevent lactoferrin killing, nor did addition of 1 mM magnesium chloride. PMID- 7251140 TI - Effect of respiratory syncytial virus and virus-antibody complexes on the oxidative metabolism of human neutrophils. AB - The effect of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or mixtures of RSV and its specific antibody on the oxidative metabolic activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was studied by the technique of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Peripheral blood neutrophils obtained from normal healthy donors were used. RSV alone failed to induce any chemiluminescent response by the neutrophils. However, mixtures of RSV and RSV antibody-positive serum regularly elicited significant neutrophil chemiluminescence. Ultracentrifugation, electron microscopy, and Raji cell immune complex assays of virus-antibody mixtures suggested that the neutrophil chemiluminescent response was related to the presence of specific immune complexes of RSV antigen-antibody. Heat inactivation of the serum significantly reduced the polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence, and the response also appeared to be dependent on the dose of the virus and the antibody in the reaction mixture. It is proposed that interaction between the neutrophil and RSV-specific immune complexes may contribute to the pathogenesis of RSV infection via the possible release of metabolic products from the activated neutrophils. PMID- 7251142 TI - Molecular characterization of environmental and nontoxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae. AB - Environmental and nontoxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae 0-1 were examined for genes homologous to genes encoding Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT). Restriction fragments encoding LT A and B subunits were isolated from the recombinant plasmid EWD299 and labeled in vitro with 32P. These probes were then hybridized to deoxyribonucleic acid extracted from strains of V. cholerae and visualized by autoradiography. None of the nontoxigenic strains of V. cholerae 0 1 from Louisiana, Alabama, Maryland, Guam, Brazil, Bangladesh, or Great Britain hybridized with the LT probes, whereas all toxigenic strains exhibited homology. In addition, strains of V. cholerae non-0-1, "group F" vibrios, V. vulnificus, and Aeromonas hydrophila were tested, and all were negative except two strains of V. cholerae non-0-1. The presence of plasmids did not correlate with toxigenicity or nontoxigenicity in any of the species examined. Thus, it appears that these strains are not simple nontoxigenic mutants, but rather do not possess any genetic material encoding cholera toxin. Such strains therefore cannot revert and serve as a reservoir of cholera. PMID- 7251143 TI - Epidemiology of hepatitis B infection in Liberian infants. AB - To provide background for a hepatitis B vaccine efficacy trial, sera were collected from 0- to 4-year-old Liberian infants and their mothers, on two occasions an average of 14.75 months apart, and tested for serological markers of hepatitis B virus infection. The prevalence of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was 2.9% in the 0- to 6-month age group and 23% in infants 3 to 4 years of age. HBsAg persisted for the 14.75-month average follow-up period in 80.8% of the infants tested. The annual incidence of development of HBsAg was 18.9% for infants less than 1 year of age and 13.6% in infants 3 to 4 years of age. Infants born to HBsAg carrier mothers had significantly higher age-specific prevalence and incidence of hepatitis B virus infection. However, it was estimated that only a minor proportion of hepatitis B infections in Liberia are derived by vertical transmission from carrier mothers. PMID- 7251144 TI - Evaluation of A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) cold-adapted recombinant viruses derived from A/Ann Arbor/6/60 cold-adapted donor virus in adult seronegative volunteers. AB - The influenza A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) cold-adapted (ca) virus was evaluated as a donor of attenuating genes to new variants of influenza A virus. This ca donor virus was mated with the A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) wild-type virus, and three A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) ca recombinant viruses were produced. The parental origin of the genes in the three ca recombinants had been determined previously (2), and their virulence for adult seronegative volunteers was assessed in the present study to identify the genes present in the ca donor virus that confer attenuation. Each of the recombinants received the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes from the A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) wild-type parent. One ca recombinant (CR-29) received all six transferable genes from the ca parent and was found to be satisfactorily attenuated in the volunteers. The two other ca recombinants received five of the six transferable genes with a wild-type gene at the M or NS locus. The pattern of infection in humans with these latter two ca recombinants was similar to the CR-29 ca recombinant. These findings demonstrate that inheritance of a gene in ca recombinants at the M or NS locus segregates independently of attenuation and suggest that the M and NS genes present in the ca donor virus are not the major determinants of attenuation conferred by this virus. PMID- 7251145 TI - Identification of a Streptococcus salivarius cell wall component mediating coaggregation with Veillonella alcalescens V1. AB - Cell walls of Streptococcus salivarius HB aggregated Veillonella alcalescens V1, but cell walls of the mutant S. salivarius HB-V5 did not. We found no correlation between the presence of fimbriae on streptococcal walls and the ability to aggregate Veillonella strains. Treatment of the walls with lysozyme solubilized a fraction which possessed Veillonella-aggregating activity. Solubilized cell wall preparations of strain HB contained three major (glyco)proteins as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and at least four antigens as determined by immunoelectrophoresis with antiserum prepared against strain HB walls. A specific antiserum, which was obtained by adsorption of anti HB serum on strain HB-V5 cells, contained monospecific antibody that reacted with the solubilized strain HB wall preparation. Similar fractions prepared from strain HB-V5 cell walls did not possess aggregating activity and lacked one protein band (protein I) after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and one antigen (antigen b) after immunoelectrophoresis. The same antigen was absent when lysozyme-solubilized wall preparations of strain HB were reacted with anti-HB-V5 serum. Crossed-immunoisoelectric focusing indicated that this specific (glyco)protein and this antigen were identical and had an isoelectric point of 4.60. Protein I and antigen b were specifically adsorbed when solubilized strain HB cell walls were incubated with V. alcalescens V1 but were not adsorbed by nonaggregating Veillonella parvula ATCC 10790 cells. Culture supernatants of strain HB contained V. alcalescens V1-aggregating activity. Antigen b was present in the culture supernatant, but was not found in cultures of strain HB-V5. A total of 18 S. salivarius isolates possessing the streptococcal group K antigen released aggregating activity and antigen b into the culture medium, but 11 strains which lacked the K-antigen did not. PMID- 7251146 TI - Differentiation of Bacteroides nodosus biotypes and colony variants in relation to their virulence and immunoprotective properties in sheep. AB - To obtain a wider definition of variation in the virulence of Bacteroides nodosus and in the protective potency of B. nodosus vaccines, we made a comparison of the in vitro characteristics of isolates from clinical infections of sheep and cattle and of certain colony variants observed previously. Three basic colony types were distinguished: papillate or beaded (B)-type colonies were produced by fresh isolates from advanced ovine foot rot; mucoid (M)-type colonies were formed by isolates from noninvasive B. nodosus infections of the interdigital skin of sheep and cattle, and also by cultures of some primary B type colonies passaged nonselectively in vitro; and circular (C)-type colonies were formed by B. nodosus that eventually predominated in repeatedly passaged liquid subcultures. Each type could be maintained by selective agar subculturing; one strain was thus passaged 40 times as the B-type colony, at which point the organisms induced severe foot rot in experimentally infected sheep. Cultures of M type colonies were uniformly less pathogenic and those of C-type colony organisms were avirulent. In vitro changes from prototype B-type colonies to M- and C variants were nonreversible in these experiments, were accelerated in liquid cultures, and wee accompanied by a diminution in elastase activity of the organisms and in their immunoprotective properties against homologous challenge. Strains differed in their stability to these changes; therefore the choice of an appropriate strain and colony type may be an important consideration in studies of B. nodosus virulence and in the development of effective vaccines. PMID- 7251147 TI - Immune defenses against Legionella pneumophila in rats. AB - Rats were examined for their susceptibility to infection with Legionella pneumophila. Different strains of L. pneumophila representing serogroups 1 to 4 were tested (Philadelphia 1 and 2, Togus 1, Bloomington 2, Los Angeles 1, and the recently isolated LD-8 from the epidemics in Vasteraas, Sweden). When about 9 x 10(8) bacteria, or 6 x 10(8) colony-forming units, were injected intraperitoneally, only rats infected with the LD-8 strain showed signs of illness. They became ill within 4 to 6 h and usually died within 24 h with septicemia and signs of circulatory collapse. Bacteria killed by heating at 100 degrees C for 15 min lost their pathogenicity. Rats that were preimmunized with the Philadelphia 1 strain (same serogroup as LD-8), regardless of the route of immunization (subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intravenous), developed resistance to subsequent infection with LD-8. This resistance was serogroup specific and could be passively transferred to nonimmune animals with syngeneic immune serum or immunoglobulin fractions of serum. Antiserum or gamma globulin enriched serum fractions from sheep with specificity for the Philadelphia 1 or Togus 1 strains also protected rats from the lethal effect of strain LD-8. The kinetics of the antibody and blood leukocyte response to immunization with the Philadelphia 1 strain of L. pneumophila in normal rats was investigated. During week 1 after intravenous injection the rats developed a marked lymphocytosis, which lasted for at least 1 week. The antibody response, as measured by indirect immunofluorescence or by a modification of the microagglutination method which we describe here, reached a peak during week 2 after immunization. Splenectomized rats were also resistant to infection with the Philadelphia 1 strain, but their antibody responses were substantially lower than those of their sham-operated littermates. PMID- 7251148 TI - Placental and fetal alterations due to Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in rats. AB - Histopathological changes in the placentas, embryos, and fetuses of rats inoculated intraperitoneally with the virulent Guajira strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus were studied by light microscopy and immunoperoxidase methods. Rats inoculated before day 15 of pregnancy showed necrosis and hemorrhages in the embryonic disks. Swelling of cytoplasm and nuclear pyknosis of cyto- and syncytotrophoblastic cells were noted as early as 2 days after inoculation. During weeks 1 and 2 of pregnancy, death of the embryos was always observed 3 to 4 days after Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus inoculation. Placental and fetal damage varied among the specimens. In rats 18 days pregnant and sacrificed 2 days after inoculation, there were some viable fetuses; the placentas showed inflammatory reactions in the mesometrial and decidual vessels. Other rats sacrificed at 3 to 4 days after inoculation showed large placental infarcts with fetal death. Viremia peaked during day 2 after inoculation. Immunoperoxidase stains demonstrated viral antigens present in the decidua, myometrium, and cyto- and syncytotrophoblastic cells. These experiments provide additional data regarding the pathogenesis and structural damage in the placental and fetal tissues caused by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. PMID- 7251149 TI - Persistent infection of mouse fibroblasts (McCoy cells) with a trachoma strain of Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - An in vitro model of persistent infection of mouse fibroblasts (McCoy cells) with a trachoma strain (G17) of Chlamydia trachomatis has been developed. Persistently infected cultures were established by infecting McCoy cells with high multiplicities of chlamydiae. After the first cycle of chlamydial replication, the host cells multiplied more rapidly than the parasites, so that the fraction of inclusion-bearing cells declined to less than 1%. However, after 100 days, the proportion of inclusion-bearing cells rose dramatically, and the cultures alternated between periods of massive host cell destruction by chlamydiae and periods of host cell proliferation. This cycle continued indefinitely as host cell and parasite densities fluctuated periodically. The chlamydiae in the cycling populations were reidentified as the original serotype. No changes in either host cell susceptibility or chlamydial invasiveness were observed in hosts and parasites recovered from persistently infected populations. All evidence suggests that the parasite maintained itself in McCoy cell populations by cell-to cell transfer and that an equilibrium between host and parasite multiplication was achieved when the persistently infected cultures fluctuated between periods of host cell destruction and proliferation. PMID- 7251150 TI - Immunological and biological characterization of Coxiella burnetii, phases I and II, separated from host components. AB - Coxiella burnetii, phase I and II, cells cultivated in the yolk sac of chicken embryos were separated from host cell components by two cycles of isopycnic Renografin gradient centrifugation. Initial steps in the purification of viable C. burnetii involved differential centrifugation and sedimentation through an aqueous solution of 30% sucrose and 7.6% Renografin. After the first, but not the second, cycle of Renografin gradient centrifugation, the cells were passed through microfilter glass filters which facilitated the removal of host components. The integrity of morphologically different cell variants was maintained during purification procedures by suspending highly purified C. burnetii in phosphate-buffered saline-sucrose solutions. C. burnetii, phases I and II, obtained by these methods appeared to be free from host cell components by serological methods while retaining morphological integrity and infectivity for yolk sacs and experimental animals. Average yields of C. burnetii were 2.83, 1.5, and 0.84 mg (dry weight) per yolk sac of the Ohio strain (phase I), 9 Mile strain (phase I), and 9 Mile strain (phase II), respectively. Recovery of phase I cells averaged about 70%, whereas the recovery of phage II cells was approximately 40%. The temporal sequence of phase I and II antibody response was demonstrated in infected and vaccinated animals. Also, no antibody response in mice and guinea pigs to yolk sac antigens was detectable after two injections of vaccine or viable cells. Importantly, this is the first report of the separation of viable phase II cells of C. burnetii free of host components. PMID- 7251151 TI - Opsonization in vitro of Giardia lamblia trophozoites. AB - The ability of peritoneal rabbit macrophages from immunized and nonimmunized animals to phagocytose Giardia lamblia trophozoites in the presence of serum was studied and compared in an in vitro system. The rabbits which served as the source of immune serum and macrophages were injected repeatedly at multiple sites (intramuscularly, subcutaneously, and intradermally) with a mixture of G. lamblia trophozoites and Freund complete adjuvant. In the presence of normal rabbit serum, a low level of phagocytosis of Giardia trophozoites by normal and immune macrophages was observed. In the presence of hyperimmune rabbit serum, an increased phagocytic activity of both types of macrophages occurred. The opsonic activity was similar whether whole serum or purified immunoglobulin G was used and whether or not these were heat inactivated. G. lamblia trophozoites in suspension were shown to be agglutinated in the presence of hyperimmune serum. Tests employing serial dilutions of hyperimmune serum resulted in a parallel loss of opsonifying and agglutinating activities. It is suggested that opsonization in vivo may play a role in the ability of the host to limit infection by these organisms. PMID- 7251152 TI - Virulence of fungi: correlation of virulence of Blastomyces dermatitidis in vivo with escape from macrophage inhibition of replication in vitro. AB - Strains of Blastomyces dermatitidis which are virulent (V), attenuated (A), or avirulent (AV) in mice have been identified. Virulence of V has been reported to be associated with its ability to replicate in vivo, causing lethal infections in the lungs or in the peritoneal cavity. We report here that V, but not A or AV, has the ability to replicate in vivo in nonlethal subcutaneous lesions. The possibility that V was able to replicate in vivo by evading primary host defenses was investigated. We studied the interaction of macrophages and strains of B. dermatitidis in vitro. In 24-h cocultures, the replication of all three strains of B. dermatitidis was inhibited by macrophages from: (i) untreated mice (20 to 40%), (ii) mice that had recovered from nonlethal blastomycosis (40 to 60%), (iii) concanavalin A-treated mice (50 to 70%), or (iv) peritoneal exudates elicited by thioglycolate (65 to 80%). However, at 72 h in the first three types of cocultures A and AV remained inhibited, whereas V was not inhibited (0 to 4%). Only the most inhibitory macrophages, those induced by thioglycollate, inhibited V at 72 h, though V was again less inhibited than A or AV at that time. Thus, we show a correlation between virulence of V in vivo and its ability to escape from macrophage inhibition of replication in vitro. PMID- 7251153 TI - Human sex hormones stimulate the growth and maturation of Coccidioides immitis. AB - Because men and pregnant women show increased susceptibility to extrapulmonary dissemination of coccidioidomycosis, studies were conducted to determine the direct effect of human sex hormones and related compounds on the growth and maturation of Coccidioides immitis in vitro. 17 beta-Estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone were highly stimulatory for the parasitic phase of C. immitis growth whereas cholesterol, ergosterol, and 17 alpha-estradiol (a physiologically inactive stereoisomer of 17 beta-estradiol) lacked such effects. Rates of spherule maturation and endospore release were accelerated, in a dose-dependent fashion, by concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol occurring in normal women, with the most striking effects seen at levels encountered in advanced pregnancy. A stimulatory effect of 17 beta-estradiol on the saprobic phase of fungal growth was also detected. The nonsteroidal "antiestrogens" tamoxifen and nafoxidine had either stimulatory or inhibitory effects, depending on fungal strain and experimental conditions. Diverse strains of Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida sp, and Petriellidium boydii were unaffected by hormones that had distinct effects on C. immitis. These studies suggest that direct stimulation of C. immitis by human sex hormones may help to account for sex- and pregnancy-related predisposition to dissemination of coccidioidomycosis. PMID- 7251155 TI - Specific capsular polysaccharide of type 46 Streptococcus pneumoniae (American type 73). AB - The specific capsular polysaccharide of type 46 Streptococcus pneumoniae (American type 73) was isolated in pure form and shown to be a high-molecular weight, glycosidically linked polymer composed of d-galactose (2 mol), N-acetyl-d glucosamine (1 mol), N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (1 mol), and N-acetyl-l-fucosamine (1 mol). PMID- 7251154 TI - Characterization of the temperature sensitive phenotype of the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 cold-adapted virus and its recombinants. AB - The A/Ann Arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) donor virus had a 38 degrees C shutoff temperature when tested in MDCK tissue culture. ca recombinant viruses bearing all six "internal genes" of the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 ca donor virus and the surface antigens of wild-type virus can manifest a 1,000-fold difference in plaquing efficiency at 38 degrees C. These observations suggest that the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 ca donor genes that specify the temperature sensitive phenotype of the ca recombinants can undergo genetic modification during the production and passage of the recombinants. The NS gene in the ca recombinant virus could be inherited from either parent without influencing the level of temperature sensitivity of the ca recombinant. PMID- 7251156 TI - Specific capsular polysaccharide of type 45 Streptococcus pneumoniae (American type 72). AB - The specific capsular polysaccharide of type 45 Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated in pure form by chemical and chromatographic methods and found to be a high-molecular-weight, glycosidically linked polymer of a hexasaccharide repeating unit composed of D-galactose (2 mol), L-rhamnose (1 mol), N-acetyl-D glucosamine (1 mol), N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (1 mol), N-acetyl-L-fucosamine (1 mol), and phosphate (1 mol). PMID- 7251157 TI - Effect of uremia on lymphocyte transformation and chemiluminescence by spleen cells of normal and Cryptococcus neoformans-infected mice. AB - The effect of uremia on immune incompetence was studied. BALB/c mice were infected with a minimally virulent strain of Cryptococcus neoformans 6 weeks before immune assay. Uremia was induced by intramuscular injection of 0.15 ml of glycerol. Pooled spleen cells from four experimental groups (normal, uremic, infected, and infected and uremic) were assayed by lymphocyte transformation (LT) and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) 24 h after induction of uremia. A greater response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A stimulation in tests of LT and CL was exhibited by uremic cells than by nonuremic cells; however, the presence of BALB/c uremic serum resulted in lower responses by both LT and CL. Infected mice showed a greater response to mitogens than did noninfected mice, but no significant stimulation in response to heat-killed whole cells of C. neoformans. Spleen cell populations of uremic mice had a lower viability and a different composition of spleen cell subpopulations than did cell preparations from nonuremic mice. PMID- 7251158 TI - Immunization against bacteria- and endotoxin-induced hypotension. AB - The characteristics of hypotension induced in rabbits by intravenous injection of viable Salmonella typhosa 0901 organisms were studied and found to be a function of the number and age of the bacterial cells. Effective neutralization of the blood pressure lowering was achieved by immunization with homologous organisms as well as heterologous endotoxins and a detoxified derivative. In addition, native endotoxins derived from a number of different genera of gram-negative bacilli, as well as lipopolysaccharides deficient in either the polysaccharide or lipid components, were tested for their ability to induce hypotension in rabbits and tolerance to the lowering of blood pressure. Hypotension was elicited by intravenous injection of all native endotoxins as well as polysaccharide deficient endotoxins, but was absent in preparations from which the lipid was removed. On the other hand, protection against the hypotension effect could be induced after injection of either the lipid- or polysaccharide-deficient derivatives. PMID- 7251159 TI - Regulation of extracellular slime production by Actinomyces viscosus. AB - Extracellular slime polysaccharides produced two Actinomyces viscosus strains, T14V and T14AV, were compared. In various media containing glucose, T14Av produced abundant extracellular viscous slime polysaccharide, whereas T14V produced lower levels. Furthermore, fractionation of these polysaccharides showed that the two extracellular polysaccharides differed in molecular size and net charge. Since there was a significant difference in the relative abilities of chemically defined medium and chemically defined tissue culture medium to support slime production by T14Av, the nutritional factors influencing the production of extracellular slime were examined. Sodium bicarbonate was demonstrated to stimulate both cellular growth and the production of extracellular slime. In chemically defined medium with and without sodium bicarbonate, strain T14Av produced large quantities of viscous slime in glucose and sucrose media. In contrast, relatively low levels of slime were produced in fructose, lactose, raffinose, and inositol media, even though sodium bicarbonate stimulated the growth of T14Av in these latter media. PMID- 7251160 TI - Indigenous nasopharyngeal, auditory canal, and middle ear bacterial flora of gerbils: animal model for otitis media. AB - The indigenous microbial flora of the middle ear cavity of Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, was isolated, characterized, and identified, showing it to be sparse and transitory. Organisms, when found in the middle ear cavity, were most likely to be Staphylococcus epidermidis-like organisms. Cerumen from the external auditory canal of these animals yielded mostly staphylococci, coryneforms, and other gram-positive rods, including some anaerobic species. The nasopharynx supported a flora consisting mainly of staphylococci, lactobacilli, and coryneforms, with a smaller incidence and numbers of many other species. No mycoplasmas were cultured or seen in scanning electron microscope studies. None of the major pathogens of human otitis media were found; therefore, Mongolian gerbils are microbiologically acceptable candidates as a model for induced otitis media, using organisms isolated from human otitic infections. PMID- 7251161 TI - Neuraminidase activity of Pasteurella haemolytica isolates. AB - Neuraminidase activities of Pasteurella haemolytica cell suspensions were measured. Type isolates of the 12 established serotypes and bovine and ovine field isolates were included in the study. Neuraminidase activities ranged from 0 to 0.87 U per mg (dry weight) of P. haemolytica. Activity levels among the isolates studied were serotype associated. PMID- 7251162 TI - Circulating antitoxin in rabbits after ingestion of diphtheria toxoid. AB - Immune responses following antigen ingestion vary from stimulation to suppression depending on animal species, antigen, and experimental protocol. Young adult rabbits were given either 0.02% diphtheria toxoid or 0.1% bovine serum albumin in drinking water for 10-day periods, a protocol previously found to immunize human infants fed bovine serum albumin. Specific serum antibody was detected by radioimmunoassay in 10 of 13 rabbits fed diphtheria toxoid for 10 days and 11 of 13 rabbits fed bovine serum albumin. Response to oral diphtheria toxoid in some animals was equal to that after an injection of alum-precipitated diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. All rabbits fed a second course of either antigen showed an enhanced, rapid rise in antibody concentration. Avidity of the antibody also increased markedly, suggesting that priming and memory had been established during the first feeding. Similar anamnestic responses occurred in animals given a parenteral challenge after ingesting antigen. One month after administration of diphtheria toxoid, no significant difference in serum antibody levels was present between unfed animals challenged with diphtheria-tetanus toxoids and although avidity of the antitoxin was higher in fed animals. Antibody activity could be detected only in the immunoglobulin G serum fractions with either antigen. These responses suggest that oral immunization protocols using protein antigens can be adapted for use against toxins causing disease. PMID- 7251163 TI - Chemiluminescence by polymorphonuclear leukocytes adhering to surfaces. AB - Stimulation of the plasma membranes of granulocytes results in an oxidative metabolic response. This response can be measured by measuring the reduction of oxidizable substrates, such as Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, as well as by measuring the energy released as light (chemiluminescence). While investigating the oxidative response of human granulocytes, we observed a marked variation in the chemiluminescence response when leukocytes were suspended in a balanced salt solution without gelatin or any other protein. We performed systematic study to investigate the role of protein in suspensions of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Final results were identical with human serum, albumin, fetal calf serum, and gelatin; gelatin was used as the protein source in most experiments. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes suspended in Hanks balanced salt solution without gelatin decreased in numbers during incubation at room temperature (approximately 50 percent after 60 min). Cell structures were observed on the walls of the tubes containing leukocyte suspensions without gelatin. Numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were stable in suspensions containing gelatin. A chemiluminescence response which peaked at approximately 10 min and was sustained for at least 30 min was observed in suspensions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes without gelatin. This surface attachment-stimulated chemiluminescence occurred in the absence of either soluble or particulate stimuli. Chemiluminescence was inhibited by either superoxide dismutase or sodium azide and did not occur with suspensions of granulocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease. We postulate that both superoxide- and myeloperoxidase-dependent oxidative metabolic reactions are induced during the adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to surfaces. Gelatin or other proteins in leukocyte suspending media are necessary when assays are performed to evaluate the metabolic responses of these cells to particulate or soluble stimuli. PMID- 7251165 TI - Interaction of Leishmania donovani promastigotes with human monocyte-derived macrophages: parasite entry, intracellular survival, and multiplication. AB - Leishmania donovani promastigotes were incubated with human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro to assess the role of macrophages in the early stage of visceral leishmaniasis. Adherent mononuclear cells, obtained from nonimmune human donors, were cultivated on glass cover slips for 5 days and then incubated with axenically grown promastigotes in the presence of heat-inactivated autologous serum. Promastigotes attached to macrophages with either their flagellar or aflagellar ends, and macrophage pseudopodia formed around them. Intracellular parasites were identified within phagocytic vacuoles by electron microscopy, and the parasites assumed a form similar to that of amastigotes obtained from infected hamster spleens. Initially, 67 +/- 5% of the macrophages were infected with a mean of 4.2 +/- 0.7 parasites per infected cell. After 6 days of incubation, 79 +/- 7% of the macrophages were infected with 15.9 +/- 3.2 parasites per infected cell. The total number of parasites per monolayer increased from 4.8 +/- 0.8 x 10(5) to 1.8 +/- 0.4 x 10(6) (P less than 0.05). Dividing parasites were identified in macrophage vacuoles by electron microscopy. Human monocyte-derived macrophage vacuoles by electron microscopy. Human monocyte derived macrophages can phagocytize promastigotes, allow the conversion of promastigotes to an amastigote-like state, and support intracellular multiplication. PMID- 7251164 TI - Edema and hemoconcentration in mice experimentally infected with Vibrio vulnificus. AB - Vibrio vulnificus (lactose-positive Vibrio), a recently recognized pathogenic marine species, produced extreme hemoconcentration and death within 3 to 6 h after subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection of 10(8) viable cells into mice; hemotocrit values approached 70% (normal, 45%). About 1 ml of edema fluid accumulated at the site of each subcutaneous injection, and locally increased vascular permeability was demonstrated by a skin bluing assay, using Evans blue dye. A corresponding fluid accumulation did not occur in the peritoneal cavity after an intraperitoneal injection. Filter-sterilized supernatants of cultures grown under a variety of conditions did not produce local edema or lethality, nor did whole Vibrio cells killed by a variety of methods or disrupted by sonic oscillation. Edema fluids collected from infected mice and sterilized by filtration had no effect when they were injected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally into mice. Inocula of 10(9) viable cells of V. vulnificus contained within a diffusion chamber implanted subcutaneously did not produce skin bluing, edema, or lethality; Vibrio cells remained viable and virulent within these chambers for at least 2 weeks. These experiments suggested that vascular permeability changes in V. vulnificus infections may not be attributable to a diffusible toxin and may require direct contact between host cells and viable Vibrio cells. PMID- 7251166 TI - Host-parasite interaction and development of infraforms in chicken embryos infected with Coxiella burnetii via the yolk sac. AB - Two phase I strains of Coxiella burnetii of different virulence were injected into the yolk sacs of chicken embryos, and the yolk sacs and livers were examined at intervals by light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy. The high absorptive and digestive capacities of the yolk endoderm contributed to he entrance of the organisms into endodermal epithelial cells where C. burnetii multiplied. Organisms multiplied not only inside specific vacuoles originating from phagolysosomes but also in the cytoplasm itself. Lysis of the limiting membrane of some phagolysosomes, a normal function of endodermal cells, as well as rupture of vacuoles, provided the release of C. burnetii into the cytoplasm. The C. burnetii strain of greater virulence infected 100% of the endodermal cells, whereas the strain of lesser virulence infected only 60%. Budding of very small particles from the C. burnetii bodies was demonstrated. The particles were regarded as filterable forms of the organism. Despite the enormous multiplication of C. burnetii in the endodermal cells, organisms were only rarely detected in the vitelline blood vessels and liver sinusoids of the embryos. Peculiarities of the infectious process of C. burnetii in chicken embryos and possible mechanisms of limitation of spread of the infection are discussed. PMID- 7251167 TI - Specificities of albumin receptors and albumin antibodies. AB - Receptor sites for polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA) on the envelope of hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B surface antigen) and antibodies to pHSA in sera of patients with liver disease were differentiated by an indirect fluorescent antibody method. Analysis of the specificities of pHSA receptors and antibodies to pHSA by hemagglutination inhibition suggested that pHSA receptors reacted with a species-specific site on pHSA, whereas "autoantibodies" to pHSA cross-reacted with pHSA from different species. These human antibodies inhibited the binding of hepatitis B surface antigen-associated receptors to pHSA. PMID- 7251168 TI - Genetic transformation of Streptococcus mutans. AB - Three strains of Streptococcus mutans belonging to serotypes a, c, and f were transformed to streptomycin resistance by deoxyribonucleic acids derived from homologous and heterologous streptomycin-resistant strains of S. mutans and Streptococcus sanguis strain Challis. Homologous transformation of S. mutans was less efficient than heterologous transformation by deoxyribonucleic acids from other strains of S. mutans. PMID- 7251170 TI - Latest management of pulmonary complications following esophageal cancer surgery in Japan. PMID- 7251169 TI - Adjuvant activity of 6-amino-6-deoxy-muramyldipeptides and their acylamino derivatives on the induction of delayed hypersensitivity to azobenzenearsonate-N acetyl-L-tyrosine in guinea pigs. AB - The 6-amino-6-deoxy-N-acetylmuramyldipeptides and their 6-acylamino derivatives were shown to be active as adjuvants on the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to azobenzenearsonate-N-acetyl-l-tyrosine in guinea pigs. However, 6-acylamino-6-deoxy-N-(acyl)muramyldipeptides were inactive as adjuvants. PMID- 7251171 TI - Primary reconstruction of the breast by free myocutaneous gluteal flap. AB - Most of the patients diagnosed as having cancer of the breast in an early stage survive for a longer period and deserve to be socially rehabilitated by reconstruction. The main obstacle for primary reconstruction is delay in discovery of local recurrence. Standard, radical mastectomy with primary reconstruction by a distant thick flap or free myocutaneous gluteal flap is justified, because modified radical mastectomy has been an accepted method and permits primarily the local thick flap cover or the pectoral major muscle. We have done primary reconstruction in two cases (secondary in one case) with success, utilizing the microvascular surgical technique. This autogenous tissue transfer is the most physiological method and we believe that it is the procedure of choice. Postoperative follow-up studies by muscle biopsy, xerography and thermography have shown the satisfactory results without local recurrence. PMID- 7251173 TI - Staging colonic and rectal cancer. PMID- 7251172 TI - The Turnbull-Cutait pullthrough procedure for certain cancers of the rectum and Hirschsprung disease. AB - The technique of the Turnbull-Cutait pullthrough procedure as performed at the Cleveland Clinic for carcinoma of the rectum and other conditions is described. The results in 127 patients are reported. Eighty-four patients were operated upon for cancer of the rectum and 47 for miscellaneous benign conditions. The average distance of tumors from the anal margin was 7.6 cm. The average margin of resection was 4.1 cm. The overall operative mortality was 1.2% in the cancer group. Ischemic necrosis occurred in 1.2% of the cancer patients, and minor pelvic sepsis occurred in 7.1%. The five-year survival in Dukes' A, B and C carcinoma of the rectum was 100%, 57% and 53%, respectively. The incidence of pelvic recurrence of the tumor at 6% was within acceptable limits. The quality of bowel function following the pullthrough procedure is discussed. It is concluded that this pullthrough procedure has a significant role in the management of carcinoma of the rectum and other conditions. PMID- 7251175 TI - Fine needle aspiration cytology in the management of patients with breast cancer. PMID- 7251176 TI - Immunity and cancer. PMID- 7251174 TI - Observations on short-term and long-term surveys of breast cancer by the American College of Surgeons. I. Significance of the number of axillary nodes and II. Estrogen receptor assay in the U.S. in 1977. PMID- 7251177 TI - Prognosis of thyroid carcinoma. AB - With 612 cases of malignant thyroid tumor, the follow-up observations were conducted from 7 to 11 years after initial examination, and 512 cases were follow up. It was found that 46 cases died of the primary cancer, while 13 died of other causes. The prognosis proved to be favorable with adenocarcinoma but with anaplastic carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma the disease proved to be ultimately fatal. The survival rates 5 and 10 years after diagnosis were 97.4% and 95.8% for papillary adenocarcinoma, 95.6% and 92.5% for follicular adenocarcinoma, 7.7% and 7.7% for anaplastic carcinoma, 0% for squamous cell carcinoma, and 66.9% and 66.9% for malignant lymphoma. As to the causes of death, the obstruction due to the neck tumor ranks first, indicating that respiratory deaths are numerous. However, as there are histologically many deaths due to the transformation from adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma or anaplastic carcinoma, it is desirable to perform radical surgery at an early stage. PMID- 7251178 TI - Reaction time changes among steel workers exposed to solvent vapors. A longitudinal study. AB - A longitudinal study was performed to investigate the behavioral changes associated with occupational exposure to organic solvents. An initial simple reaction time (SRT) test was performed on a group of steel workers who were exposed to vapor concentrations of solvents clearly exceeding threshold limit values (TLVs). A second SRT measurement was made six months following the completion of major improvements in the hygiene quality of the work environment which resulted in a reduction of exposure levels to 20% of the TLVs valid at the time. Approximately fifteen months after this measurement, a final SRT test was performed. The workers' performance on the SRT test improved over the three measurements. At the first measurement occasion SRT was found to be related to the degree of exposure, while no such relation could be observed on the following measurement occasions. The results indicate that the workers' central nervous functioning had been negatively affected by solvent exposure and that this effect was at least partially reversible in nature; they thus confirm the importance of changes which enhance the hygienic quality of the work environment. PMID- 7251179 TI - Dangerous concentrations of methyl bromide used as a fumigant in Belgian greenhouses. AB - In the disinfection of soil in greenhouses, methyl bromide can be applied to the soil by injection or by fumigation on the surface. The concentrations of methyl bromide in the air are measured, and the differences between each technique discussed. Concentrations during injection vary between 100 and 1,000 ppm with peaks up to 3,000 (10,000 in one case) ppm, but drop below 200 ppm if preventive measures are taken. During fumigation concentrations remain between 100 and 1,000 ppm. Large variations occur within a technique depending on the quality both of the material and operator. PMID- 7251181 TI - Studies on osmotic fragility of red blood cells determined with a coil planet centrifuge for workers occupationally exposed to lead. AB - In order to clarify the relationship between lead exposure level and osmotic fragility of red blood cells determined by the coil planet centrifuge method, several clinical laboratory examinations were performed on 27 male workers employed in a scrap lead refining factory using as controls 40 male workers employed in railway construction. The examinations included measurement of red blood cell and reticulocyte counts, hematocrit, MCV, blood and urine lead concentrations, urine coproporphyrin, and urine delta-aminolevulinic acid. The results were: 1. Osmotic fragility of red blood cells was lower in lead workers at all three hemolytic points compared with the controls. Significant difference was observed in hemolysis of the maximum point (P less than 0.05). 2. The red blood cell and reticulocyte counts, hematocrit value and MCV of the lead workers were not significantly different from those of the controls. Values for blood and urine lead, coproporphyrin, and delta-aminolevulinic acid of the lead workers were much higher than those of the controls (P less than 0.01). 3. In lead workers, close relationships between the osmotic fragility and these laboratory findings were observed: blood lead, r = -0.572, P less than 0.01; coproporphyrin, r = -0.608, P less than 0.01; delta-aminolevulinic acid, r = -0.559, P less than 0.01; urine lead, r = -0.453, P less than 0.05. PMID- 7251180 TI - Biological monitoring of persons exposed to methanol vapours. AB - Five volunteers were exposed to constant and suitably graded concentrations of methanol vapours for a period of 8 h. The retention of methanol in the lungs and the course of its excretion in urine were monitored at single and at daily repeated exposures. From the concentration in inspired air, lung retention, minute lung ventilation and duration of exposure, the methanol dose retained in the organism of the experimental subjects was calculated. The dose correlated well with the methanol concentration (mmol/l or mg/l) in whole-shift urine; using other units (mg/l corr., mg/creat., mg/time) the correlation was unsatisfactory. An exposure test was proposed which permits the estimation of the retained methanol dose on the basis of an analysis of whole-shift urine. The test yields good results even if the subjects perform physical work and consequently have enhanced lung ventilation, or in cases where the air besides methanol contains vapours of other organic solvents (ethanol, acetone). The results may be burdened by a certain error if the methanol concentration in air fluctuates extremely, or if exposure is interrupted by breaks. Nonetheless even in such circumstances the test provides valuable information on the level of occupational exposure to methanol. PMID- 7251182 TI - A comparative study on the toxicity of n-hexane and its isomers on the peripheral nerve. AB - Commercial hexane which caused polyneuropathy in many workers contained 10-40% of 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane and methylcyclopentane in addition to n-hexane. The hexacarbon compounds methyl n-butyl ketone, 2,5-hexanedione and etc. were shown to be neurotoxic like n-hexane. Therefore, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane and methylcyclopentane which are also hexacarbon compounds were suspected to be neurotoxic, but their neurotoxicity had not been sufficiently investigated. The present experiment was performed to clarify their neurotoxicity by measuring the nerve conduction velocity in the rat's tail. Thirty rats were divided into five groups of 5-7 rats. n-Hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane and methylcyclopentane were diluted with olive oil and orally administered daily for eight weeks. The body weight, motor nerve conduction velocity, motor distal latency and mixed nerve conduction velocity were measured before administration, after two, four, six and eight weeks' administration. The n-hexane group showed a distinct impairment of the functional states of the peripheral nerve. Methylcyclopentane, 2-methylpentane and 3-methylpentane group had some significant differences in comparison with the control in the experiment, although these differences were not so distinct as those in n-hexane group. The results revealed that the neurotoxicity of the three chemicals was not so severe as that of n-hexane and were in the order of n-hexane greater than methylcyclopentane greater than or equal to 2-methylpentane divided by 3 methylpentane. PMID- 7251183 TI - Postulated mode of action of lead on aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in chronic exposure. AB - The authors studied in vitro the variations of erythrocyte ALA D activity in subjects exposed and not exposed to lead risk before and after three tests: heat treatment at 60 degrees C for five minutes, addition of GSH (1 X 10(-2) mol/l) and of zinc (1.5 X 10(-4) mol/l). A study of the ratios before and after treatments showed that GSH and zinc were better than heating in identifying false positives, and that zinc was preferable, owing to lesser dispersion of results around the mean. The ratios of ALA D activity before and after treatment is more closely correlated with PbB levels than ALA D activity without treatment. The addition of GSH restored the enzyme activity of the exposed subjects to values equal to those obtained with heating; this did not happen in the non-exposed subjects. It is postulated that, in lead exposure, the metal acts only on the thiol groups, which may then be reactivated by an optimal concentration of GSH. PMID- 7251185 TI - Anesthetic considerations in setting up a new medical facility. PMID- 7251184 TI - Long-term occupational exposure to DDT. AB - Blood serum of twenty workers occupationally exposed to DDT for an average duration of 14 years was analysed for organochlorine pesticides by gas-liquid chromatography with an electron capture detector. Significant levels of BHC, p,p' DDT, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE were detected. A higher incidence of total DDT equivalent, about 10 times, was observed in DDT exposed workers when compared with a comparable sample of unexposed persons from the general population. Levels of DDT in serum of occupationally exposed workers were more than the permitted level of 200 ppb. The daily intake was computed to be about 10 mg/man/day as against 0.25 mg--the acceptable daily intake. Abnormal nerve conduction was encountered in a few cases of DDT sprayers. No significant correlation was observed between the total DDT equivalent in serum and duration of occupational exposure in workers. Levels of BHC in controls was 2.3 times the level in exposed workers, possibly due to induction of hepatic drug metabolising enzymes by high levels of DDT in the latter group. Findings are discussed in the light of existing knowledge of the bio-chemical effects evoked due to residual intoxication of DDT during occupational exposure. PMID- 7251186 TI - The anesthesiologist and the delivery suite. PMID- 7251187 TI - Pediatric anesthetic units. PMID- 7251188 TI - The operating room. PMID- 7251190 TI - The selection of anesthetic equipment. PMID- 7251189 TI - Design, staffing, and equipment requirements for an intensive care unit. PMID- 7251191 TI - Antibodies to canine helminth parasites in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children. AB - We studied the prevalence of IgE and IgG antibodies to Toxocara canis and Dirofilaria immitis, helminth parasites of dogs, in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children born and raised in Hawaii. The serologic pattern of the two groups was found to differ significantly. Of the 80 asthmatic subjects, 45.0% had IgE antibody and 17.5% IgG-precipitating antibody to one or both parasites. In contrast, of the 96 nonasthmatic children studied 7.5% were positive for IgE antibody and 31.3% positive for IgG antibody. PMID- 7251192 TI - Adjuvant effect of nonionic block polymer surfactants in humoral and cellular immunity. AB - The adjuvant activities of four chemically similar, but physicochemically different nonionic surface-active agents called pluronic polyols F 68, L 31, L 101 and L 121 were studied. These four agents were tested in mice using an experimental model developed for studying the adjuvant activity of the cationic surface-active agent dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA). L 121 and DDA enhanced the primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) while F 68, L 31 and L 101 suppressed this response. The secondary humoral response to SRBC was enhanced by the polyol L 121 while the secondary response to dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNP22-BSA) was enhanced by both L 121 and L 101. DDA and the polyol L 101 were very effective adjuvants for induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to SRBC and DNP22-BSA after intracutaneous immunization of mice with a mixture of antigen and adjuvant. Since the four pluronic polyols were composed of identical chemical constituents, we proposed that difference in their activities as adjuvants were due to variation in their physicochemical properties. A correlation was found between a physicochemical parameter, the hydrophilelipophile balance (HLB), and the adjuvant activities of the pluronic polyols and several other types of nonionic surface-active agents. The agents which were strong adjuvants all had HLB values within a narrow range which classified them as spreading agents. PMID- 7251193 TI - Supernatant factors from short-term cultures of thymocytes: effect on DNA synthesis. AB - Supernatants from cultures of unstimulated guinea pig thymocytes were investigated on allogenous thymocytes as regards conditioning effect. DNA synthesis was measured by incorporation of 3H-thymidine. Supernatants taken after different incubation times up to 24 h were used. When used without concentration all supernatants showed stimulating activity. After concentration and fractionation, a stimulating factor was found in supernatants taken after a culture time of 24 h. This factor had a molecular weight above or equal to 70,000 daltons as indicated by gel chromatography. In the same supernatants also an inhibiting factor was indicated. PMID- 7251194 TI - Early rheumatoid-like lesions in rabbits injected with foreign serum. V. Attempted super-imposition of allergization to cartilage collagen. AB - Intradermal injection of bovine articular type II collagen produced, as expected, joint lesions in rats. However, this collagen preparation failed (1) to produce joint lesions in rabbits or (2) to exacerbate joint lesions in rabbits formed in the serum sickness model. Collagen extracted from rabbit xiphoid cartilage failed to show arthritogenic properties on intradermal injection in either rats or rabbits. It also failed to exacerbate joint lesions in the serum sickness model. PMID- 7251196 TI - Consummation: a concept for gerontologic theory. AB - Many human experiences are "consummatory" in that their meaning is clarified by the perspective of their final stages. Old age invites consummatory assessments of the major stages, relationships and events in our past lives. This affects gerontology in two ways. First, the consummatory quality of aging should be measured by life-satisfaction indexes. Neglect of consummation in life satisfaction indexes can lead to bias in testing theories of aging. Second, achieving favorable consummations in old age is one form of human fulfillment. Since external conditions can affect consummations either favorably or unfavorably, there is a public duty to create social conditions that promote favorable consummations. PMID- 7251198 TI - Retirement style and retirement satisfaction: retirees aren't all alike. AB - Postretirement patterns of work--employment for pay, voluntary activities, or no work-like activities--were examined for 1511 recent retirees from major corporations. A related typology of retirement style--reorganizer, rocking chair, holding on, and dissatisfied patterns--was also used. These patterns were examined in terms of preretirement characteristics of the respondents, postretirement attitudes about retirement, and retirement satisfaction. Multivariate analyses comparing the salience of retirement style with health, income, occupation, and preretirement feelings about retiring for predicting retirement satisfaction indicated that retirement style was a significant predictor of overall retirement satisfaction, and the subscales of satisfaction with activities and satisfaction with finances. Implications of these findings for preretirement counseling and retirement policies are discussed. PMID- 7251195 TI - Levamisole-induced neutropenia and agranulocytosis: association with HLA B27 leukocyte agglutinating and lymphocytotoxic antibodies. AB - Among 37 patients treated with levamisole for rheumatoid arthritis (n = 19), for Reiter's disease (n = 4) and for chronic articular brucellosis (n = 14) followed up during 6-12 months, 3 developed agranulocytosis and 3 severe neutropenia. Serum samples drawn before and during treatment were tested for leukocyte agglutinating and lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Leukocyte agglutinating antibodies were induced in 8 patients, in 5 of them in association with agranulocytosis or neutropenia. In 1 patient with agranulocytosis and in another one with neutropenia lymphocytotoxic antibodies were also induced. Two agranulocytotic and one neutropenic patient possessed HLA B27 antigen. In altogether 11 HLA B27 carriers the number of circulating neutrophils were significantly reduced during levamisole treatment when compared with those of patients lacking HLA B27 antigen. PMID- 7251197 TI - Dimensions of disengagement among black and white rural elderly. PMID- 7251199 TI - Sex differences in perceptions of aging. AB - This study extends earlier work on perceptions of aging by assessing sex differences and by focusing on specific events of aging, rather than global perceptions. Thirty persons over sixty-five years were asked individually to rate the difficulty of sixteen events for themselves, other women, and other men. The general finding of previous studies that difficulty for oneself is not as great as for others was replicated. Also, there was no difference in the difficulty overall for men and women. However, both these findings must be interpreted in the light of a significant (p less than .01) interaction between sex of other person and specific events. Change in appearance, departure of children, and decrease in time with children are seen as more difficult for other women. Increased leisure time, decreased strength, and retirement are seen as more difficult for other men. Statements regarding difficulty of aging ought to be precise to as sex and specific events of aging. PMID- 7251200 TI - Causes and consequences of health self-report variations among older people. AB - Older people's health self-reports are highly correlated with their utilization of health care services and are frequently cited in explanations for changes in social status, social participation-activity, and personal attitudes. The purposes of research reported here were threefold: 1. to review previous health self-report findings using comparable statistics and systematic categories of correlates; 2. to specify indicators of established correlates in national random sample data; and 3. to develop a path analysis model utilizing these variables as causes and consequences of health self-report variations among older people. Findings emphasize the importance of health self-concept to social participation activity. PMID- 7251201 TI - Duration of stay and other aspects of nursing home use. AB - In 1965, the Human Population Laboratory (California State Department of Health Services) conducted a survey of the non-institutionalized population of Alameda County. Subsequent checking of death records disclosed that 521 survey participants aged fifty-five years or over in 1965 had died by January, 1975. A follow-up in 1977-78 of nursing home experience among these decedents revealed that about two-fifths of those for whom information could be obtained (N = 455) had entered a nursing home at least once in the nine-year follow-up period. Further inquiry located 158 cases whose experience of institutionalization before their death could be reconstructed. Among these cases, only 22 per cent ever returned home or transferred to a residential facility after being institutionalized. Most persons died after the first admission, at the nursing home itself or at an acute care hospital to which they had been transferred shortly before death. Among the cases whose experience of institutionalization could be reconstructed, five out of ten spent less than three months, and six out of ten spent less than six months, as patients in nursing home(s). However, nearly 30 per cent of the 158 cases with reconstructed histories accumulated patient-days exceeding a year. PMID- 7251203 TI - Preliminary physico-chemical characterization of the soluble Mn2+-dependent adenylate cyclase in the rat testis. AB - This paper reports some physico-chemical properties of the Mn+-dependent adenylate cyclase (AC) of the rat testis. The AC activity in the crude cytosol (106 000 x g) migrates as a single peak in a linear sucrose gradient (5--20%) with a sedimentation coefficient (S20,w) of 4,1. The enzyme exhibits an Einstein Stokes radius (rs) of 30.6 A as assessed by gel filtration (Kav = 0.50) on a calibrated Sephadex G-200 column. The molecular shape is close to spherical (f/f0 = 1.25). Isoelectric focussing of the AC peak (Kav = 0.50) from the Sephadex G 200 column revealed a pI of 5.7. Ion exchange chromatography of the crude cytosol on a Whatman DE-52 column gave a single peak eluting between 0.13--0.17 M NaCl. Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels resulted in a migrating AC peak with an apparent Rf of 0.40 relative to bromophenol blue. The Mn2+-dependent AC is not retained on a Con-A Sepharose 4B column indicating that the enzyme molecule does not contain sugars possessing alpha-D-manno- or alpha-D-glucopyranosyl terminal groups. (NH4)2SO4 precipitates the AC activity (4 degrees C) between 30--60% saturation. The yield approximates 85% of total AC activity with the specific activity reaching a plateau (110 pmoles cAMP/mg protein/min.) at 50% saturated (NH4)2SO4. The soluble Mn+-dependent AC of the rat testis thus appears to be relatively symmetrical with a size of approximately 52 000 D and a negative charge at physiological pH. Apparently it does not contain sugar moieties and it exhibits little molecular heterogeneity. PMID- 7251205 TI - Single cilia formation in cells of the testicular interstitium in fertile men. AB - Testicular biopsies from 4 infertile men showing germinal cell aplasia with interstitial cell hyperplasia on light microscopy were studied by electron microscopy. Single cilia formation was observed in myoid cells, fibroblast-like cells and Leydig cells in the interstitium. Only 1 cilium was seen per cell. Transverse sections of most of cilia showed a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubule configuration. Cross striated rootlet fibers were attached to the basal bodies. The significance of the presence of cilia in the testicular interstitium is discussed. PMID- 7251204 TI - Artificial insemination by frozen donor semen: results of multicentre Australian experience. AB - A total of 5461 insemination cycles with frozen donor semen has been analysed for 8 of the larger AID services in Australia. Cumulative pregnancy rate, calculated by life-table analysis, showed that 50% of all patients are pregnant after 6 cycles of insemination and 64% of all patients are pregnant after 12 cycles of insemination. Pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the first 3 cycles, declined in the next 3 cycles and was further reduced in the last 6 cycles of insemination. An average of 10% of all insemination cycle were anovular, but the proportion of anovular cycles was significantly lower in the first 2 cycles of insemination. There was no significant difference in cumulative pregnancy rates over the first 6 cycles of insemination in clinics using cervical mucus scoring or LH assay for detection of ovulation. An average of 12% of all pregnancies obtained by AID resulted in miscarriage. PMID- 7251202 TI - Cellular localization of the Mn2+-dependent adenylyl cyclase (AC) in rat testis. AB - In the present study we have examined the exact cellular localization of the Mn2+ dependent adenylyl cyclase (AC) in the rat testis. Several pieces of evidence indicate that this testis specific enzyme is exclusively localized to haploid cells in the testis: firstly, the appearance of Mn2+-dependent adenylyl cyclase coincides in time with the occurrence of haploid cells (IC) in the rat testis. Secondly, tests of tfm rats and mice, in which little or no haploid cells are found, exhibit negligible Mn2+-dependent AC activity. Finally, separation of various testicular cells by BSA gradient sedimentation (Staput fractionation), revealed that this enzyme activity follows the location of haploid cells; the highest specific AC activities being found in the fractions containing elongated spermatids. Some activity found in the primary spermatocyte fraction (4C cells) can to a large extent be explained by the contamination of haploid cells in this fraction. PMID- 7251206 TI - Effects of Colprone on in vitro release of androgens from the reproductive organs of the male rat. AB - Effects of medrogestone (6,17 alpha-dimethyl-4-,6-pregnadiene-3, 20-dione; Colprone) on the release of testosterone (T) and 5 alpha-dehydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT) in the reproductive organs of the male rat were tested in vitro. The minced testes released twice as much T into the medium when incubated in the presence of 50 mIU/ml of hCG. The release of T was inhibited significantly when 10 or 50 micrometers Colprone was added to the incubation medium. More 5 alpha DHT was released into the medium from the testes mince in the presence of hCG, while the addition of 10 or 50 micrometers of Colprone inhibited 5 alpha-DHT release as compared to hCG controls. On the other hand, hCG failed to stimulate the release of T and 5 alpha-DHT from the minced caput and cauda epididymis and ventral prostate. The addition of Colprone (10--50 micrometers/ml) to the medium containing caput epididymis or ventral prostate resulted in a significant inhibition of T and 5 alpha-DHT. However, no significant change in the rate of T or 5 alpha-DHT release was recorded in medium containing cauda epididymis. In spite of its anti-androgenic effects reported by several investigators, Colprone in the present study has shown differential effects on T and 5 alpha-DHT release from different reproductive tissues of the male rat. PMID- 7251207 TI - Age related changes in cardiac output, cephalic and cerebral blood flow in the rat. PMID- 7251209 TI - Preparation and preliminary tissue studies of optically active 11 C-D- and L phenylalanine. PMID- 7251208 TI - CR-39, a new alpha-particle sensitive polymeric detector applied to investigations of environmental radioactivity. PMID- 7251211 TI - 65Zn-glutathione: biodistribution and effect of carrier zinc on pancreas uptake. PMID- 7251212 TI - Artificial intelligence and game-playing. PMID- 7251210 TI - Excitation functions and production of arsenic radioisotopes for environmental toxicology and biomedical purposes. PMID- 7251213 TI - Improved fitting of radioimmunoassay data by Scatchard analysis. AB - We present a model of radioligand binding, based on the approach of Scatchard, that improves the fit of the data to the standard curve by allowing for the presence of radioactivity with cannot be bound by the antibody and using this non specific binding as an additional fitting parameter. Further, it accounts for the specific activity (mass contribution) of the radioligand. Our procedures aim to: (1) minimize the squared error of the fit rather than to maximize the correlation coefficient; (2) provide assistance in the design and debugging of routine radioimmunoassay data; and (3) help assure the quality of results produced by established assay systems. PMID- 7251214 TI - Computer modelling of aldosterone regulation in patients on regular hemodialysis. AB - To evaluate the relative influence of changes in plasma renin activity, potassium, ACTH, and sodium concentrations on the secretion of aldosterone, a multifactorial analysis was performed on different sets of investigations in anephric as well as non-nephrectomized patients on regular hemodialysis. During steady-state conditions the relationship between the stimulating effect of each of these factors and combinations between these factors and the resultant plasma aldosterone concentration was analyzed. Linear models could not explain all variations in plasma aldosterone, especially not a variation found within patients. The stimulus-response curve is therefore probably non-linear and at least one or more additional factors may take part in the aldosterone regulation. PMID- 7251215 TI - Prediction of multiple-dose blood level curves of drugs administered four times daily at non-uniform dosing intervals. AB - This paper describes a program which can predict multiple-dose blood level of drugs administered four times daily at non-uniform dosing intervals. The program is applicable to any drug in an individual, provided that the drug follows one compartment pharmacokinetics after oral administration, while the fraction of the oral dose absorbed, the volume of distribution, the absorption rate constant and the elimination rate constant of the drug in this individual are known. PMID- 7251216 TI - [Algorithm of graphic interactive presentation and automatic correction of a complex personality inventory (MMPI, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)]. AB - MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) gives an evaluation of personality traits from one's positions relative to 550 items - short forms of the inventory may allow an estimate of reduced number of scales from a reduced number of items. This study describes the logical background of the selection and scoring of an arbitrarily defined short form of the MMPI. The use of the inventory via an interactive processor, much more effective than the commonly used item sets and manual scoring, is contributing to its development outside the clinical field. PMID- 7251217 TI - A computer system for the storage and retrieval of clinical pharmacokinetic data. AB - A computer system is described which stores patients data relating to clinical pharmacokinetic assessments made by clinical pharmacists, who are participating in a clinical pharmacokinetics service. The system was developed to assist in the documentation of service activities and storage of patients' pharmacokinetic data. An additional component of the system is the ability for retrospective review of the stored data. Application of this system to the derivation of new information on drug pharmacokinetics and drug efficacy/toxicity in various patient groups is discussed. The implications for phase IV drug studies and toxicity screening studies is also described. PMID- 7251218 TI - Biometeorological norm as tolerance interval of man to weather stimuli. PMID- 7251219 TI - Temperatures of expired air under varying climate conditions. PMID- 7251220 TI - Regulation of natural killer activity in vivo. II. The effect of alcohol consumption on human peripheral blood natural killer activity. AB - Natural killer (NK) activity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) was studied in 32 alcoholics and 15 control subjects in a 4-h chromium release assay using K562 tumor target cells. The natural killer activity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in alcoholics was significantly higher than the level found in the control group. NK activity of PBL from alcoholics was still higher than that of similarly treated PBL from control subjects after carbonyl iron and magnet treatment, or after passage through a nylon wool column or after removal of cells rosetting with sheep erythrocytes. Changes in T cell, B cell or macrophage populations, therefore, are not the mechanism for increased NK activity in alcoholics. PMID- 7251221 TI - Estrogen receptor level and other factors in early recurrence of breast cancer. AB - At the time of treatment in 1977 for primary breast cancer of all stages, the tumors of 270 women were examined for estrogen-receptor (ER) content by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel. The procedures for the initial and follow-up examinations were standardized. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy was given to pre- and postmenopausal women aged up to 70 years with nodal involvement. Adjuvant tamoxifen treatment (20 mg twice daily for 2 years) was given to one-half of the postmenopausal patients aged 70 years or less, selected at random, and irrespective of any other adjuvant therapy. These forms of treatment appeared not to introduce bias into the results of the study. There was no correlation between the ER content and tumor spread. Symptom-free survival during the follow-up period was best for the patients with tumors with a high ER content, poorer for the patients with tumors of intermediate ER content and least favorable for patients with tumors having low ER content. (Ranges for high, intermediate and low levels: 2.18-9.08, 0.13-2.17 and 0-0.12 fmoles/microgram DNA). The differences between the survival curves were significant. For the 120 operable patients with nodal involvement there were also significant differences in recurrence-free survival. The premenopausal patients in this group likewise showed a significant difference in survival with respect to ER content. For the operable patients with nodal involvement and poorly differentiated tumors there was also a difference in the survival rate depending on the ER content. In this study the ER content of breast cancer was shown to be a quantitative rather than a qualitative entity. The study confirms the independent prognostic importance of the ER content and points to its potential value as a stratification criterion in adjuvant therapy trials. PMID- 7251222 TI - Chromosomal alterations of rat cell lines transformed by human adenovirus type-12 virion, whole DNA and left-end DNA fragments. AB - A normal rat cell line, 3Y1-B clone 1-6 (3Y1) and its adenovirus (Ad) type-12 transformed derivatives, W4 (transformed by Ad12 Virion), WY3 (transformed by Ad12 whole DNA), CY1-1 (transformed by the Ad12 EcoRI-C fragment, left 16.5%), GY1-1 (transformed by the Ad12 HindIII-G fragment, left 6.8%) and HY1 (transformed by the Ad12 Acd-H fragment, left 4.7%) were studied cytogenetically. 3Y1 and some of the transformed cell lines (W4, WY3 and GY1-1) were diploid or pseudodiploid, while others (CY1-1 and HY1) were hypotetraploid. A metacentric marker M1 was detected in GY1-1 cells and another marker M2 in W4 and CY1-1 cells at a high frequency. By the Giemsa banding technique, the metacentric markers M1 and M2 from these fully transformed cell lines were identified as isochromosomes derived from 1q (M1) and 3q (M2), respectively. On the other hand, the markers were detected only at a low frequency in incompletely transformed HY1 cells. However, hypersomy in chromosome No. 1 was observed at a high frequency in this cell line. It can be concluded that hypersomy of chromosomes No. 1 or 3 found in transformants and metacentric markers found in complete transformants are characteristic features in rat cells transformed by Ad12. PMID- 7251223 TI - Alterations in the extracellular matrix organization associated with the reexpression of tumorigenicity in human cell hybrids. AB - The expression of fibronectin on the cell surface was evaluated on a series of intraspecific human cell hybrids formed between HeLa and normal fibroblast strains. Although these hybrids continued to express many of the in vitro transformation properties of their corresponding tumorigenic HeLa parent, they were now unable to form tumors when inoculated into athymic nude mice. From these suppressed hybrid populations, rare tumorigenic segregant subpopulations arose which had regained their tumorigenic capacity. A comparison of the expression of fibronectin on the cell surface was made between these tumorigenic segregant cell lines and their corresponding non-tumorigenic HeLa/fibroblast hybrid. Following specific immunofluorescent staining for fibronectin, a striking alteration in the cell surface organization was observed to correspond with the reexpression of tumorigenicity in these hybrids. Tumorigenic HeLa/fibroblast hybrids were also significantly altered in both their cellular and colonial morphology. Double immunofluorescent staining to simultaneously visualize both surface fibronectin and collagen revealed that these two extracellular matrix proteins displayed an extensive degree of codistribution and expressed a coordinate shift in organization which correlated with the appearance of tumorigenic segregant hybrid populations. These observations are in agreement with the apparently close structural association between fibronectin and collagen and suggest that the organization of these two components in the extracellular matrix may be an important determinant for in vivo growth potential. PMID- 7251225 TI - Transformed and neoplastic phenotype: reversibility during culture by cell density and cell shape. AB - The ability of parental and transformed mouse C3H (10T 1/2) cells to grow when held at a graded series of cell shapes (flat to round) was studied using substrata of decreasing adhesivity. The parental cells showed a decrease in growth when they reached the most rounded configurations. In contrast, transformed cells proliferated at the same rate regardless of cell shape. In addition, when transformed cells were serially passaged at low density on highly adhesive plastic, which maintained cells in a flat configuration, a reversion from the transformed phenotype to a non-transformed phenotype occurred with the concomitant return of growth control by cell shape. However, when transformed cells were passaged at low density on a substratum which prevented cell spreading, the reversion to the parental phenotype did not occur and the cells escaped the growth control of cell shape and remained tumorigenic. Thus, in this cell system it appears that a change in cell configuration can dictate whether or not the transformed and neoplastic phenotype will be expressed. PMID- 7251224 TI - Expression of alien minor histocompatibility antigens distinct from tumor specific transplantation antigen on a murine fibrosarcoma. AB - The fibrosarcoma ST2, induced by 3-methylcholanthrene in BALB/c (H-2d) mice, also expressed alien histocompatibility antigens of the C3Hf and B10 background not encoded by the MHC. To examine the relationship between these alien, minor antigens and the tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) of the tumor, in vivo immunogenicity test were performed in BALB/c mice and in hybrids between BALB/c and C3Hf (H-2k), C3H.OH (H-2o2), C3H.SW (H-2b), BALB.K (H-2k), B10.BR (H 2k), and B10.D2 (H-2d) mice. A significant loss of TSTA immunogenicity was found in (BALB/c x C3Hf) and in (BALB/c x C3H.OH)F1 animals and, to a lesser extent, in (BALB/c x C3H.SW)F1 mice as compared to the immunogenicity of the tumor in BALB/c mice. Immunogenicity tests with ST2 in BALB/c x (BALB/c x C3Hf) or in BALB/c x (BALB/c x B10.D2) backcross mice, respectively, revealed that half of the BALB/c x (BALB/c x C3Hf) and 97% of the BALB/c x (BALB/c x B10.D2) animals were able to mount an immune response to ST2. To see whether the loss of TSTA immunogenicity in (BALB/c x C3Hf) was due to common determinants shared between TSTA and alien non-H-2 C3Hf antigens or to a genetically linked low responsiveness to TSTA introduced by C3Hf and C3H.OH strains, BALB/c mice were immunized with normal tissues of some BALB/c x (BALB/c x C3Hf) backcross, anti-ST2 resistant mice. Normal tissues of anti-ST2 resistant, dd and dk typed backcrosses were able to immunize BALB/c mice against a challenge of an otherwise lethal dose of ST2 cells. Some but not all BALB/c x (BALB/c x B10.D2) anti-ST2 resistant donors had tissues able to immunize BALB/c hosts aginst the ST2 growth. Since resistance to tumor growth and expression of minor "alien" antigens shared with the tumor segregate independently, we concluded that alien, minor C3Hf and B10 antigens of the BALB/c sarcoma ST2 are distinct from the TSTA of this tumor. PMID- 7251226 TI - The effect of the tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on UV- and MNNG-induced sister chromatid exchanges in mammalian cells. AB - The induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) by the tumour promoter 12-O tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) has been studied in V79 Chinese hamster cells comparing control untreated cells with either UV-irradiation or MNNG treated cells. In untreated cells TPA induced SCE at a very low concentration. An increase of approximately 50% over the level of spontaneous SCE formation was observed. In UV-irradiated cells, TPA, when present after the UV-irradiation, significantly enhanced UV-induced SCE formation, more SCE being induced than the expected sum of SCE formed by the separate treatments. TPA also enhanced MNNG induced SCE but only when it was present for 28 h before, and not after, the MNNG treatment. The protease inhibitor antipain fully inhibited TPA-induced SCE but did not inhibit UV-induced SCE. When UV-irradiated cells were treated with both TPA and antipain the enhanced UV-induced SCE induction was only partly inhibited by antipain, showing that TPA is responsible for two independent effects, both leading to SCE formation. These results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that tumour promotion by TPA may depend on the enhancement of mitotic recombination leading to the segregation of a mutational event. PMID- 7251227 TI - Lung cancer and passive smoking. AB - Fifty-one women with lung cancer and 163 other hospital patients were interviewed regarding the smoking habits of themselves and their husbands. Forty of the lung cancer cases and 149 of the other patients were non-smokers. Among the non smoking women there was a statistically significant difference between the cancer cases and the other patients with respect to their husbands' smoking habits. Estimates of the relative risk of lung cancer associated with having a husband who smokes were 2.4 for a smoker of less than one pack and 3.4 for women whose husbands smoked more than one pack of cigarettes per day. The limitations of the data are examined; it is evident that further investigation of this issue is warranted. PMID- 7251229 TI - Chromosome pattern, growth in agar and tumorigenicity in nude mice of four human bladder carcinoma cell lines. AB - Four human bladder carcinoma cell lines have been characterized by G-banding, and the chromosomal patterns correlated to growth in agar and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Each cell line was shown to be chromosomally unique and although numerical and structural anomalies were present, none were common to all four cell lines. However, one or more copies of a structurally altered chromosome 8 were present in all four cell lines and may be associated with tumorigenicity in nude mice. A combination of three marker chromosomes was found in the more anaplastic cell lines, but not in the two well-differentiated tumour cell lines. Growth in agar may be associated with the presence of the three marker chromosomes but was not correlated with tumorigenicity in nude mice. PMID- 7251228 TI - Experimental studies of tumor radioimmunodetection using antibody mixtures against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and colon-specific antigen-p (CSAp). AB - Experiments with the GW-39 human colonic carcinoma growing in hamsters showed that injection of radioactive antibody to a colorectal-specific, tumor-associated antigen, CSAp, results in better tumor radiolocalization than was seen previously with radioantibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). However, a mixture of both radioactive antibodies resulted in potentiation of CEA-tumor radioimmunodetection without affecting CSAp-tumor radiolocalization. Hence, multi marker antibody mixtures may be the method of choice in cancer radioimmunodetection. PMID- 7251231 TI - Metabolic inhibitors render "resistant" target cells sensitive to natural killer cell-mediated lysis. AB - L-929 cells were lysed by activated but not by endogenous natural killer (NK) cells, as reported previously. Nevertheless, L-929 cells bound to endogenous NK cells, as shown by target binding cell, cold target competition, and monolayer absorption assays. Treatment of L-929 cells with actinomycin-D or cycloheximide rendered them sensitive to lysis by endogenous NK cells and markedly increased their sensitivity to lysis by activated NK cells. Treatment with these drugs under the prescribed conditions did not affect the binding of L-929 cells to NK cells. Since others have shown that treatment with these drugs inhibits membrane repair processes and renders cells more sensitive to complement-mediated lysis, we hypothesize that membrane repair may be an important factor influencing a cell sensitivity to NK cells. This may be more important than NK-binding ability, since most cells can be lysed by (and therefore bind to) activated NK cells. PMID- 7251230 TI - Chemotherapy of human colorectal tumor xenografts in athymic mice with clinically active drugs: 5-fluorouracil and 1-3-bis-(-2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). Comparison with doxorubicin derivatives: 4'deoxydoxorubicin and 4'-O methyldoxorubicin. AB - The effects of single-agent therapy with two clinically useful drugs, 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) and 1-3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) against nine human colorectal tumors (rectum T 157 and T 348, lung metastasis T 84, lymph-node metastasis T 245, colon, T 183, T 219, T 347, T 362 and T 380) transplanted and passed serially in thymic (nude) mice were studied. In addition, chemosensitivity of the tumors to 5-FU and BCNU was compared with the chemosensitivity of the tumors to two new doxorubicin analogues, 4'-deoxydoxorubicin and 4'-0 methyldoxorubicin. BALB/c nude mice were treated intravenously on a weekly basis for 3-4 weeks, starting when the tumor volume became relatively large (advanced stage of tumor treatment). All the tumors showed a 90-100% take rate and stable growth. In these experiments, 77% (5/9) of the colorectal tumors were biologically sensitive to the treatment with 5-FU but the percentage of statistically significant sensitive tumors was 22%, which is in good agreement with the clinical data reported in the literature (21%). In patients, BCNU has been reported to give up to 13% response. In contrast, we have found a 33% statistically significant response rate in our panel of colorectal tumors. The difference could be related to the higher tolerance of nude mice to certain drugs, including BCNU. The results suggest that the two new doxorubicin derivatives, 4'-deoxydoxorubicin and 4'-0-methyldoxorubicin, should be more active in the patient than both of the clinically used drugs, 5-FU and BCNU. Furthermore, there is a good correlation between the results obtained in the experimental system (human tumor/nude mouse) and in human patients with the active drugs, 5-FU and BCNU. PMID- 7251232 TI - Induction of malignant lymphoreticular cell line which displays spontaneous killer-cell activity. AB - The origin and properties of a new malignant "spontaneous killer" cell line are described. The tumor, known as M9-78, was produced by treatment of tissue cultures consisting mostly of dividing DBA/2 mouse macrophages with the chemical carcinogen, 3-methylcholanthrene. Logarithmic phase cultures were treated for 6 days followed by further culture for 1 month in the absence of carcinogen. Subcutaneous injection of normal DBA/2 mice with 2.0 X 10(5) cells led to the formation of palpable tumors at the site of inoculation within 14 days; the tumors grew progressively and were highly metastatic. The malignant cells, though Fc-receptor-positive, did not possess many other properties normally associated with macrophages; morphologically, they bore a strong resemblance to bone-marrow derived promonocytes. Because promonocytes have been shown previously to possess both antibody-dependent killer (K) cell as well as antibody-independent spontaneous killer-cell function, the M9-78 cells were tested for these biologic activities. The following results were obtained: (1) adherent, but not non adherent, M9-78 tissue culture cells spontaneously killed a wide variety of (though not all) tumor-cell-line targets in long-term (18-24 h) 51Cr release, whereas no killing was seen in short (4 h) assays; (2) the cells were not capable of killing nucleated targets by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; (3) a number of clones were obtained and tested for spontaneous killer-cell activity: some were highly active, whereas others were negative, with different patterns of specificity being evident; (4) the clones were unstable; (5) the pattern of target killing, when compared to normal spleen control NK cells, suggested the M9-78 cells were similar to activated macrophages or promonocytes in their target selectivity, although no definitive evidence was obtained which could implicate a promonocyte or monocyte origin for the cells. PMID- 7251233 TI - On the plasma protein binding of 16-acetyl-gitoxin. AB - The plasma protein binding of 16-acetyl-gitoxin (16-AG) was estimated in comparison with that of digoxin by the use of equilibrium dialysis, ultracentrifugation, and gel filtration techniques. Depending on temperature, the binding of 16-AG reached values between 81 and 90%. Calculations of the reaction enthalpy and entropy show that hydrophobic interaction results. The corresponding values of digoxin amount to 13 and 15%. PMID- 7251234 TI - Clindamycin phosphate in the treatment of endometritis due to anaerobic bacteria. AB - Treatment of endometritis due to anaerobic pathogens demands early isolation and identification of the offending pathogen by the appropriate culture and optimum use of antibiotics according to the sensitivity test. Clindamycin phosphate has been used as a highly active antibiotic against both gram-positive and gram negative anaerobic pathogens, including bacteroides fragilis. The concentration of clindamycin phosphate in blood from the uterus was tested in 30 women after administration of one single dose (600 mg) intramuscularly. The levels of clindamycin in the above-mentioned tests state how samples were compared with the minimal inhibitory concentration of the offending anaerobic pathogens in cases of endometritis. PMID- 7251235 TI - The effect of intravenously administered Palerol and Litalgin on the contraction of the human gallbladder. AB - One ampule of Palerol and one of Litalgin (combination preparations with vagolytic, smooth-muscle relaxing, and analgesic effects) were injected intravenously in a double-blind study in random order to 19 patients having a routine oral cholecystography. Palerol had a significant dilatation effect on the smooth muscle of the contracted gallbladder, but Litalgin only prevented further contraction caused by fatty meals. Side effects were minimal. Palerol seems to be useful in acute gallstone attacks. PMID- 7251237 TI - The effect of food on the absorption of alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate in beagle dogs and human volunteers. AB - The effect of food on absorption of d,1-alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate was studied in cross-over studies with eight beagle dogs and four human volunteers. When 100 mg of alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate in gelatin capsule was administered p.o. to beagle dogs in both a fasted state and after eating, the plasma peak level (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) of this ester in nonfasted state was five-fold higher than in fasted state, although the peak time (tmax) did not markedly differ between both conditions. Cmax and AUC after oral administration of 600 mg of alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate in human volunteers in nonfasted state was 32-fold and 29-fold higher, respectively, than during fasted state, without delay in tmax. The plasma levels of this ester following ingestion of 200 mg in fasted state were not detectable. A comparison of the 600-mg with 200-mg dose level during nonfasted state showed the former to be 1.8-fold higher in Cmax and 2.3 fold in AUC. PMID- 7251238 TI - Bioavailability of theophylline from a sustained-release aminophylline formulation (Euphyllin retard tablets)--plasma levels after single and multiple oral doses. AB - The absolute bioavailability of theophylline in two commercially available preparations of aminophylline, a sustained-release formulation (Euphyllin retard tablets) and a solution (Euphyllin solution), was determined in eight healthy volunteers following oral administration of a single dose. Percent bioavailability was obtained by comparing AUC data for theophylline concentration time curves measured over 24 h with corresponding data following intravenous doses of theophylline. Absorption of theophylline from solution was rapid and complete. Bioavailability amounted to 111 +/- 16% (X +/- SD) compared to i. v. administration. Absorption from the sustained-release tablet appeared more erratic and less complete: the time of peak theophylline concentration varied between 2 and 14 h. The mean plasma level curve showed a plateau between 2 and 14 h bioavailability was 72 +/- 13%. In addition, the sustained-release formulation was administered twice daily (350 mg) for 4 days. Plasma concentrations during multiple dosing of the sustained release formulation were with one exception below 10 mg/l. On day 4 at steady state, peak theophylline concentrations were 8.1 +/- 0.63 mg/l, trough levels 6.2 +/- 1.4 mg/l in the morning and 5.6 +/- 0.67 mg/l in the evening. PMID- 7251236 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of aprindine and moxaprindine in dogs. AB - Moxaprindine and aprindine were each administered to a group of six dogs at a single dose of 5.5 mg/kg by intravenous injection and at the same dose 14 days later by oral route. In each series the sequence of route of administration was randomized. In a second experiment, 8 to 12 weeks later, the dogs were treated for 5 successive days with the same drug at the dose of 5.5 mg/kg twice daily. Moxaprindine and aprindine are similar in several of their pharmacokinetic characteristics. Their plasma levels are suitably explained by a two-compartment open model. No significant differences are found between their respective terminal plasma half-lives nor their k12, k21 and kel values; on multiple dosing, the steady state is reached within 3 days with both drugs. However, the plasma levels of moxaprindine are twice as high as those of aprindine. Consequently the distribution volume of moxaprindine is half as small as that of aprindine. Moxaprindine is 95.3% protein bound at 1 microgram/ml and 93.6% at 2 microgram/ml; the corresponding values for aprindine are 98.3% and 98.1%. These differences may be of clinical significance as regards therapeutic effectiveness and safety of these two substances. PMID- 7251240 TI - Symposium: dialectics in the discourse of law and psychiatry. University of Wisconsin, Madison, May 23-24, 1980. PMID- 7251241 TI - Moderate and radical dialectics. PMID- 7251239 TI - Arginine thiazolidinecarboxylate 14C uptake by individual phospholipids isolated from rat liver microsomes. AB - The transmethylating activity of ATCA was directly evaluated by administering ATCA 14C to a group of rats. The radioactivity associated with the labile methyl group was recovered in microsomal phospholipids, and in particular in the phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine fractions. These biochemical data on the transmethylating activity of the drug confirm a previous indirect demonstration of the protective activity of ATCA in experimental intoxications and elucidate its mechanisms. PMID- 7251242 TI - Psychiatry and the political question. PMID- 7251244 TI - The adaptive point of view in psychoanalytic metapsychology. PMID- 7251243 TI - Law, psychiatry and the reproduction of capitalist ideology: a critical view. PMID- 7251245 TI - Agent and patient in psychiatry. PMID- 7251246 TI - The dialectics of rationality: the historicity of norms in psychiatry and the law. PMID- 7251247 TI - Health planning and resources development amendments of 1979: implications for the mental health community. PMID- 7251248 TI - Law, trial judges, and the psychiatric witness--reflections on how a change in legal doctrine has been implemented in Wisconsin. PMID- 7251249 TI - Some research and policy implications of "dialectics in the discourse of law and psychiatry". PMID- 7251250 TI - Neurometric evaluation of learning disabled children. AB - A quantified electrophysiological system called Neurometrics is described in terms of procedures, reliability and validity. The role of the computer in both acquisition and analysis is noted. In terms of the application of Neurometrics to issues of diagnostic validity five studies are discussed. The first describes a study showing that normal functioning and at risk children differ markedly in terms of the percentage showing EEG abnormalities; the second reports the difference between children who are poor achievers in verbal, arithmetic or both skills; the third shows that Neurometric indices differentiate between epileptic children who are achieving or not achieving at grade appropriate levels; the fourth describes Neurometric EEG differences between learning disabled children who do or do not have reading reversal problems; and the fifth describes the behavioral differences constructed on the basis of their Neurometric profiles. PMID- 7251251 TI - The use of brain electrical potentials (BEP) to study localization of human brain function. AB - Various techniques such as neuropsychological diagnosis of individuals with focal lesions, stimulation of neurosurgery patients, and regional cerebral blood flow have been used to elucidate the major anatomical and functional divisions of the human cerebral cortex. Because of insufficient spatial sampling and other limitations, only minor support for these divisions comes from brain electrical potential (BEP) experimentation. The use of EEG to localize different neuropathologies and to screen and track the evolution of seizure disorders is fairly reliable and still widely practiced. Its use, however, in localizing higher cognitive functions is much more complicated and has not stood the test of scientific scrutiny because of methodological problems. More specifically, the failure to control for the stimulus, response and performance related properties of tasks in experiments has rendered ambiguous the results of most EEG studies of higher cognitive functions. Those studies which actually controlled for these properties did not find and differences between tasks. PMID- 7251252 TI - Computerized localization of sources of evoked potentials in the assessment of visual field impairment. AB - Objective computer-based techniques are described along with their underlying theoretical rationale for investigating visual field disorders. The paper concerns methods for the collection and analysis of evoked potentials and provides a description of methods for obtaining information about the conduction pathways of the visual system for clinical, neurological and neuropsychological applications. PMID- 7251254 TI - Human dirofilariasis in Japan. Case report and review of literature. PMID- 7251255 TI - The recovery of viable Taenia saginata cysticerci in grilled beef, "suya", in Nigeria. AB - A total of 450 portions of grilled beef (suya) measuring 0.5--4 cms thick were prepared from a bovine carcass heavily infested with Taenia saginata cysticerci. After the "suya' were considered "cooked' and ready for human consumption, the cysticerci were dissected out of the meat and placed in petri dishes containing normal saline solution to which 30% ox-bile had been added and incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 to 2 hours. Of the 265 cysticerci recovered and treated 7(2%) showed clear signs of viability by evagination and motility. PMID- 7251256 TI - Experimental light infection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in hamsters. AB - An experimental infection with a small number of larvae of A. cantonensis in hamster was carried out. When hamsters were infected with one larva, infection rate and recovery rate were 66.7%. In the case of infection with more than two larvae, all hamsters were infected had recovery rates were around 65%. The recovered worms were all matured and showed no important morphological differences. It was concluded that the hamster would be able to serve as a final host for A. cantonensis only in the case of a small number of larvae infection. PMID- 7251253 TI - Brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM): computerized access to complex brain function. PMID- 7251257 TI - Isolation of Brucella canis. AB - These strains of Brucella canis were isolated from seropositive dogs: The strains ES 11/78, from a kennel dog, and the strains 215/79 and Pr/79, from stray dogs. The isolates were identified through the morphological, staining and biochemical characteristics (of the agent) as well as serologically, by the use of the isolated strains as antigen against the hyperimmune serum. PMID- 7251258 TI - The isolation of leptospires from stray dogs in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. AB - The search of leptospires was conducted in kidneys of 1,415 stray dogs in the city of Sao Paulo--Brazil. From them 35 isolations were got, serovar canicola was the most frequent (32 samples) followed by copenhageni (2 samples) and pomona (1 sample). For the first time serovar pomona was isolated from dog in Latin America. Also, monthly and seasonal variations are discussed in relation to the prevalence of leptospirosis. PMID- 7251259 TI - Food-transmitted parasitic zoonoses--sociocultural & technological determinants. PMID- 7251261 TI - Comparative study between microscopic agglutination and complement fixation tests in experimental canine leptospirosis. AB - In order to evaluate the antibody response to pathologic leptospira from both serovars icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola, dogs were experimentally inoculated with these leptospiras. Each of the serovar were inoculated in 15 dogs and the antibody response in the acute phase of infected was followed by microscopic agglutination and complement fixation tests. Complement fixing antibodies were detected in both groups at the 4th day post infection and agglutinins appeared in circulation at the 7th day post infection when homologous antigens were used. On the 63rd day post infection with serovar canicola and on 56th day post infection with serovar icterohaemorrhagiae, complement fixing antibodies could no longer be detected but, in both experimental groups, specific agglutinins were presented in significant titers. PMID- 7251260 TI - Experimental transmission of Trypanosoma gambiense by syringe passage from albino mouse to mice, rats, gerbil and hamster. AB - In the present experiment, 10 laboratory rodents (1 gerbil, 1 hamster, 4 mice and 4 rats) were inoculated intraperitoneally each with a same number of 595,000 trypanosomes. The shortest period of prepatent in mouse (129/svsl) was found 6:30 hours post-inoculation; next in gerbil, rat (Long-evans) and mouse (C13H) at 7:40, 8:20 and 8:30 hours respectively. Then, a serial blood samples (1 cmm) were taken with a pipetman and examined at an intervals of 8 hours. It proved that all rodents were found susceptible to T. gambiense infection. The number of parasites was increased over one and half millions per 1 cmm of peripheral blood in all rodents. But the number was apparently low an irregular in gerbil and hamster. No trypanosomes was found within a period of 106 to 162 hours post-inoculation in hamster, then, the parasites re-appeared until death occurred. The survival of infected rodents was comparatively shorter in mice than that in rats. All rodents died within a period of 196 hours (or 8 days) except hamster living for 576 hours (or 24 days). Based on the above figures, it seems probably that the hamster may have the natural resistance and host's tolerance for T. gambiense infection. Therefore, hamster may be the most satisfactory and economical animal for maintenance of T. gambiense infection for experimental studies in laboratory. PMID- 7251262 TI - Two new leptospiral serovars in the Hebdomadis group isolated from cattle in Brazil. AB - Two leptospiral serovars belonging to the Hebdomadis Serogroup are described. These strains are represented by two isolations from apparently healthy zebu cattle. It is proposed that the serovars be designated guaicurus strain Bov. G and goiano strain Bov. 131. PMID- 7251263 TI - Prophylactic effect of tea on pathogenic micro-organism infection to human and animals. (1). Growth inhibitive and bacteriocidal effect of tea on food poisoning and other pathogenic enterobacterium in vitro. AB - 0.5% tea powder of Oolong tea, green tea and black tea, respectively added to Tryptic soy agar (TSA) plates prepared non aseptically could inhibit the growth of colonies of St. aureus and airborne bacteria, but only very few fungi colonies. 0.5% tea powder of oolong tea, green tea and black tea, respectively added to Tryptic soy agar (TSA) plates prepared non aseptically could also inhibit the colonial growth of V. cholerae, V. parahaemorrhagiae, Sal. dysenteriae, Sal. typhi, Sal. paratyphi A and B. The suspension (10(-3) approximately 10(-4)) of E. coli could inhibit the colonial growth. 3% suspension of oolong tea, green tea, and black tea, respectively could kill V. cholerae and V. parahaemorrhagiae in 30 minutes. 3% suspension of oolong tea and green tea, respectively could kill Sal. Typhi B. PMID- 7251264 TI - A case of adult Ascaridia galli in hen's egg. PMID- 7251265 TI - Leptospiroses in Brazilian snakes. PMID- 7251266 TI - A study on the reservoir status of Q-fever in avifauna, wild mammals and poikilotherms in Uttar Pradesh (India). AB - Fifteen species of free-living birds (pigeon, mynah, house-sparrow, crow, vulture, owl, swallow, parrot, heron, duck, guinea fowl, hawk, kite, dove and peacock), 11 species of small/large wild mammals (rat, bandicoot, house mouse, shrew, bat, mongoose, ant eater, Jackal wild cat, chinkara and tiger) and 5 species of poikilotherms (snakes, python, tortoise, monitor and eel) were screened for evidence of Q-fever infection by the capillary agglutination test on sera to detect antibodies and/or by attempts to demonstrate Coxiella burnetii in samples of visceral organs. Sero-reactors were observed among mynah (19/69), owlet (1/6), pigeon (1/11), swallow (6/200), parrot (13/56), rat (3/21), shrew (1/24), bat (2/14) and snake (7/23). Eleven strains of the organism comprising 3 from mynah, 2 from rats, and 1 each from parrot, crow, swallow, bandicoot, chinkara and python were isolated. This appears to be the first record of natural Q-fever infection in free-living birds in India. C. burnetii was also recovered in 1 of 12 water samples processed from ponds. Possibility of contamination of ponds with C. burnetii from infected water-fauna has been discussed. PMID- 7251267 TI - Pathogenic leptospira isolates from the Caribbean Islands of Trinidad, Grenada and St. Vincent. AB - All known isolates of Leptospira interrogans obtained in Trinidad, Grenada and St. Vincent up to the end of 1979 are listed. There were 80 from Trinidad, 20 from Grenada and 2 from St. Vincent, representing at least 20 serotypes from 11 or more serogroups. Six of the serotypes were first reported from Trinidad. The leptospires were isolated from man, domestic animals and wildlife species. PMID- 7251268 TI - Thumb and digit reconstruction: toe-to-hand microvascular composite tissue transplantation. AB - Methods of finger reconstruction using a free toe transplantation are described. The thumb, and in some particular cases also the index finger, can be successfully replaced by toes using microsurgical techniques for vascular and nervous anastomosis. Functional results are quite satisfactory and allow the patient to recover complete use of the hand. PMID- 7251270 TI - Free muscle transfer. PMID- 7251269 TI - Microsurgical free flaps. PMID- 7251271 TI - Salvage operations for complication following replantation and free tissue transfer. AB - Venous and arterial thrombus formation is the typical complication of microvascular surgery. Treatment is based on reoperation (thrombectomy), the administration of heparin, low moleecular weight dextran and platelet antisludge (dipyridamol and acetylsalicylic acid). As the reoperation must be performed promptly, careful postoperative monitoring of the transplant is required. PMID- 7251272 TI - Gastrointestinal microsurgery: colonic and jejunal autotransplants for cervical esophagoplasty. PMID- 7251273 TI - Microsurgical treatment of lymphedemas of the limbs. AB - Lymphaticovenous anastomosis for surgical treatment of lymphedema of the limbs has been performed for several years with good results. The authors report on their experience, gained since 1976, after having operated on primary or secondary lymphedemas (five upper and 15 lower limbs). Lymphaticovenous anastomosis was performed according to Degni's technique using a special needle by which lymphatic vessels are inserted in the vein and secured to its wall. Eighty-three per cent of the subjective results were good, and the percentage of mean volumetric reduction in the operated limbs was 43% in 16 controlled cases. The postoperative course of secondary lymphedemas of the upper limbs was sometimes complicated by sudden lymphangitis attacks. In dealing with primary lymphedemas, the best results were obtained when all the operated limbs had great volumetric reduction, allowing the patients to resume their normal activities. The authors conclude that, after a long period of preoperative anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial therapy and regardless of lymphographic patterns, it is always worthwhile to perform a surgical exploration of the crural lymph nodes. PMID- 7251274 TI - A more effective left ventricular vent. PMID- 7251275 TI - The assessment and diagnosis of the patient with abdominal trauma. PMID- 7251276 TI - Trichobezoars in children. AB - Eight children with trichobezoar are reported. In seven cases the trichobezoar was confined to the stomach and duodenum. In one case it was present only in the small and large bowel. Age and sex incidence, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. It is suggested that one should suspect trichobezoar when a child, especially a girl, presents with a firm mobile lump in the epigastrium. PMID- 7251277 TI - Hemangioendothelioma of the lung and pleura: report of three cases. AB - Three patients with hemangioendothelioma of the lung and pleura are reported. Two patients underwent removal of the pulmonary lesion: both recovered and were alive one year and eight years later. The patient with pleural involvement had a radical excision of the pleura with the vascular tumor. He died almost two years later. The main histologic feature of this lesion is the presence of neoplastic cells within the endothelium, evidenced by reticulin silver stain. PMID- 7251278 TI - A new technique of combined colomyotomy for diverticular disease. PMID- 7251279 TI - Varicosities of uncommon sites: therapeutic aspects. AB - Five cases of varicosities of uncommon sites-suprapubic (2), abdominal and lower thoracic wall (1), gluteal region (1), and vulva (1)-are reported. The treatment given consisted of sclerotherapy and compressive bandaging. In order to obtain adequate compression in the inguinal and pubic regions it was necessary to resort to various improvisations (using wide elastic bandages and sheets of firm foamy material). PMID- 7251280 TI - Tuberculosis of the skull. AB - Twenty-two cases to tuberculosis of the skull (14% of 156 cases of chronic osteomyelitis) verified by demonstration of tubercle bacilli in the discharge of cutaneous sinuses or histological examination of bone or granulation tissue are reported. Most of these patients had multiple operations elsewhere and non healing sinuses. Three types of radiological lesion were noticed; circumscribed lytic, diffuse lytic and circumscribed sclerotic. Surgical treatment was followed by antituberculous therapy for at least 18 months. Results were excellent. PMID- 7251282 TI - Finger replantation. AB - From May 1965 to December 1979, finger replantation were performed on 157 patients (229 digits). Of these 205 fingers were successfully replanted with an overall success rate of 89.5%. In most cases, sensation was recovered to more than protective sensation and approximately 50% of the cases showed 2-point dicrimination of less than 15 mm. Restricted joint motion was a problem in the replantation at "no-man's-land" in fingers. However, most of the patients gained useful pinch or grasp in their daily living activities and were very satisfied with their successfully replanted fingers. Operative indications, replantation technique, postoperative management and clinical results are reported. PMID- 7251281 TI - The effect of methylprednisolone on the sodium and water content of the dog lung after hemorrhagic shock. AB - Out of 17 mongrel dogs, 3 were subjected on one and two hours of hemorrhagic shock, while the remaining four served as controls. In five of the thirteen dogs, 30 mg/kg of methylprednisolone sodium succinate were administered intravenously one hour after hemorrhage. All animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiment, their lungs were removed and the sodium and water content was measured. The sodium content was found to be markedly increased at the end of two hours of hemorrhagic shock. This increase was prevented significantly by the administration of pharmacological doses of methylprednisolone given at one hour of hemorrhagic shock. No significant change in total lung water was noted, even after two hours of hemorrhagic shock. The results of this study suggest that early intravenous administration of large doses of methylprednisolone may be beneficial to patients in protracted hemorrhagic shock, who are at high risk of developing pulmonary complications. PMID- 7251283 TI - Present-day concepts on gastric pathology in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Patients with chronic renal failure often reveal a peculiar "uremic gastropathy" characterized by a decreased secretory activity of the gastric glands. Most of such patients should not be referred to the group of high risk of ulceration. This point is extremely important, when cases are screened for kidney transplantation. Immunomorphological changes occurring in the gastric mucosa provide just one of the possible etiological factors, which also include uremic intoxication and, probably, the intragastric effect of nitrous metabolic products. A long-term (months) therapy by programmed hemodialysis is not, as a rule, accompanied by the development of gastric hyperchlorhydria and hypersecretion. PMID- 7251284 TI - Renal actinomycosis associated with bilateral necrosing renal papillitis. AB - A rare case of renal actinomycosis with bilateral necrosing papillitis resulting in uraemia is reported. The part played in the process by the infection with Proteus vulgaris and the additional role of acute pancreatitis are discussed. PMID- 7251285 TI - Ureteral endometriosis. AB - The authors present two cases of ureteral endometriosis. Urinary tract endometriosis has been frequently described affecting mainly the bladder. In the ureter, it is a rare pathology, of difficult identification. Treatment aims at ureteral disobstruction together with eradication of endometrial foci. This is accomplished by surgical, radiotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic means. PMID- 7251287 TI - Severe forms of glomerulonephritis: subacute malignant and rapidly progressive. AB - Clinicomorphological comparisons were made in two groups of patients who died of renal failure within a period of 3 to 24 months. Group 1 (15 cases) showed extracapillary proliferation and membranous changes; group 2(31 cases) had nephritic corrugated kidney. These comparisons served to separate two severe forms of glomerulonephritis: subacute malignant and rapidly progressive. The rapidly progressive form differs from subacute malignant nephritis by its less sudden beginning, longer duration, longer survival (4 /- 0.8 and 19 +/- 0.8 months, respectively) and also by the morphological changes indicated. PMID- 7251289 TI - 1,25-dihydroxycholesterol treatment of long-term haemodialysed patients with renal osteodystrophy. AB - Renal osteodystrophy still poses major problems in the management of chronic renal failure, though it had been extensively studied over the last years. The present therapeutic possibilities - massive-dose vitamin D, aluminium hydroxide and supplementary Ca-intake, administration of active vitamin D metabolites - are discussed in the light of personal observations. PMID- 7251286 TI - Familial hypospadias in three generations. AB - Retroglandular hypospadias has been observed in five males in three generations of the same family. Cytogenetic studies of peripheral blood lymphocytes and buccal smears revealed in all investigated patients normal karyotypes 46,XY with elongation of the long arm of chromosome Y (Yq+). PMID- 7251288 TI - Satellite peritoneal dialysis. AB - In 29 cases of chronic renal failure 1325 peritoneal dialyses were performed between January 1, 1976 and April 31, 1978. The technique of peritoneal dialysis, the general lines of supervision and follow-up, the results and shortcomings of the procedure are discussed. Peritoneal dialysis is regarded as an alternative to haemodialysis in chronic renal failure. On ground of the favourable observations, organization of satellite PD services on a large scale, parallel with the expansion of other services (haemodialysis, renal transplantation), is advocated. PMID- 7251290 TI - Some indication fields of radioisotope examination of the kidneys and ureteral urine passage in infants. AB - This study presents a view of the knowledge the authors have gathered during 11 years of work with radioisotope examinations of the kidneys and ureteral urine passage performed in 34 children. As an important indication field they consider the conditions where excretory urography or separate functional examination, respectively, was impossible to perform or was otherwise contraindicated (anuria, uremia, coma, poor general condition, allergy to X-ray contrast substances, etc.). Scintigraphic examination is indicated even in cases where excretory urography fails to demonstrate filling of the kidneys and, on the basis of X-ray picture, it cannot be concluded whether it is a case of monolateral afunction, marked hypofunction or complete agenesis of the kidney. As the most suitable methods they consider phase scintigraphy of the kidneys together with simultaneous examination of particular parts of the kidneys and urinary passage by means of an analyser device for evaluation. PMID- 7251291 TI - Serum 25-hydroxycalciferol concentrations in normal subjects and in haemodialysed patients with chronic renal failure. AB - The serum 25-OHD3 concentrations were measured in 16 normal subjects and in 12 haemodialysed patients with chronic renal failure. The mean values found in the two groups were 27.8 +/- 17.8 ng/ml and 23.9 +/- 12 ng/ml, respectively. The difference between the two values is not significant. PMID- 7251292 TI - Investigation and results of treatment in male sterility. AB - The authors present the results of treatment in 6548 cases of male sterility. According to their findings 598 (9.1%) men were ineligible for treatment. The various kinds of therapy resulted in an improvement of semen quality in 51.8% of the cases, 57.0% of the cases being eligible for treatment. The best results were obtained in patients with oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia. The percentage of pregnancies was much lower (8.5%) than the improvement of semen quality. PMID- 7251293 TI - The onset of pigment epithelial proliferation after retinal detachment. AB - The adult mammalian retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is mitotically inactive, yet retains the capacity to proliferate under certain conditions. To determine the onset of RPE proliferation after retinal detachment, we examined experimentally detached cat retinas of 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr duration. An additional animal served as a nondetached, sham-operated control. 3H-thymidine was injected into the vitreous chamber and the eyes were processed for light microscopic autoradiography. Autoradiograms from both the control and the 12 hr detachment showed no evidence of labeled RPE nuclei; however, labeled nuclei were present at both 24 and 48 hr after detachment. Labeled nuclei per millimeter of RPE at 24 hr were 55% of the 48 hr rate. Mitotic figures were noted only at 48 and 72 hr after detachment. No labeled RPE nuclei appeared in autoradiograms that bordered the detachment zone. Electron micrographs showed that proliferating RPE cells assume several configurations, some of which have been reported in other species. The proliferative response of the RPE occurs much sooner than had previously been thought. It appears to be a local effect that does not involve retinal regions beyond the detachment boundaries, and it may have potentially adverse effects when the retina and RPE are reapposed after retinal reattachment surgery. PMID- 7251294 TI - Refractive keratoplasty with intrastromal hydrogel lenticular implants. AB - The feasibility of using hydrogel lenticular implants of high water content to alter the anterior corneal curvature for purposes of refractive keratoplasty has been investigated in rabbits. Lenticules (6 mm in diameter) of Permalens (Perfilcon-A) were trephined from contact lens and implanted within an intralamellar pocket in the cornea. The in vitro glucose flux across the hydrogel (0.23 mm thick) was measured at 131 +/- 7 micrograms/cm(2)/hr. For clinical comparison, non-water-permeable disks of Teflon were also implanted. The Teflon implant caused an aseptic ulcer to develop anterior and central to the implant by 9 +/- 4 days. The hydrogel lenticular implant did not cause central ulceration during the 7 month postoperative follow-up. There was a thinning and eventual erosion of the stroma anterior to the edge of the hydrogel implant, 16 +/- 7 weeks. The glycogen contents of the epithelium anterior to (1) the sham operation, i.e., lamellar pocket dissection, (2) the implanted hydrogel lenticule with or without the presence of an erosion, and (3) the control corneas were statistically from the same population. Yet there was a slight dehydration of the stroma anterior to the hydrogel implant when compared to control tissue. A thin edged implant lenticule design should overcome the stromal thinning caused by the thick-edge implants. During the short-term follow-up, the hydrogel lenticular implant proved to be successful as a refractive keratoplasty implant material. PMID- 7251295 TI - Variability and development of a normative data base for saccadic eye movements. AB - The duration, peak velocity, and acceleration of the saccadic eye movements of 13 normal subjects are plotted as functions of saccadic magnitude. The apparent peak velocity of a saccadic eye movement is sensitive to the algorithms used to calculate the velocity. The velocity channel filter should have zero phase shift and a cutoff frequency between 60 and 100 Hz in order to limit noise but pass all the signal information. Some subjects fatigue rapidly; their parameters fall outside the normal range of values. PMID- 7251296 TI - Ion movement in and out of the vitreous space after vitrectomy. An experimental study on the in vivo eyecup preparation of rabbits. AB - Osmotic pressure and ion movements in and out of the vitreous space after open sky vitrectomy were studied in the in vivo eyecup of rabbits. The osmotic pressure of several hypo-osmotic solutions rose over a period of time by the penetration of ions from the surrounding tissue; increases in the concentration of sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium were documented. Appearance and disappearance of ions were independent of the total osmolarity and depended on the concentration gradient for each ion. PMID- 7251297 TI - Corneal re-epithelialization from the conjunctiva. AB - After debridement of the entire corneal epithelium, epithelial cells of conjunctival origin cover the exposed corneal surface. Four to five weeks later, these cells undergo a morphologic transformation to normal-appearing corneal epithelium. To study this transformation the entire corneal epithelium was removed from rabbits with the use of n-heptanol, after which the histologic appearance of and the number of goblet cells in the regenerated epithelium were noted. Five stages of transformation were seen. Immediately after healing, the epithelium consisted of one to two squamous cell layers with no goblet cells apparent at the light microscope level (stage 1). In the following weeks goblet cells appeared at the limbal edge of the cornea (stage 2), reached a uniform distribution across the cornea (stage 3), and subsequently receded toward the limbus (stage 4), leaving an epithelium with normal corneal morphologic appearance (stage 5). To see if there was an ongoing centripetal cell migration from the conjunctiva across the cornea after initial healing, the central corneal epithelium was isolated from the periphery by a ring of glue. Such isolation resulted in a thinning of the central epithelium and a thickening of the peripheral epithelium. These studies suggest that (1) the transformation into corneal epithelium lags behind defect closure by 4 to 5 weeks, (2) goblet cells do not initially migrate as recognizable cells, and (3) there is a continuous centripetal cell motion even after the initial defect closure is accomplished. PMID- 7251298 TI - The effects of total unilateral occlusion vs. lid suture on the visual system of infant monkeys. AB - To explore the premise that the immature primate visual system responds differently to total unilateral occlusion (no competitive abnormal binocular interaction) than it does to lid suture, one eye in two infant Macaca mulatta was completely occluded with optically opaque material. After a recovery period of 2 months, single cell responses from the striate cortex were recorded, and the lateral geniculate nuclei were examined histologically. Th results show that cortical and geniculate changes are comparable in severity to those found in earlier studies after unilateral lid suture. PMID- 7251299 TI - Do blue-eyed white cats have normal or abnormal retinofugal pathways? AB - Three white cats that had blue eyes and no tapetum were studied by behavioral, electrophysiological, and anatomical methods in order to determine whether they showed evidence of abnormal retinofugal pathways comparable to those found in Siamese cats and in other mammalian forms having melanin deficits. The three cats were normal in every respect. However, several other white cats, obtained subsequently, do show an abnormality of the retinogeniculate pathway identical to the abnormality of Siamese cats. Cats of the second type are thought to be homozygous for the Siamese gene and also the express the White gene. Because the characteristics Siamese pigmented "points" fail to develop in the presence of the white gene, cats of the second type are not distinguishable from other white cats on the basis of eye color or coat color. In terms of their central visual pathways and of their patterns, however, they are recognizably Siamese. It is not known how common "crypto-Siamese" cats are in the white cat population, but the possibility of their occurrence suggests that, in general, white cats should not be used for studied of the central visual pathways. PMID- 7251300 TI - Autoregulation of retinal circulation in response to decrease of perfusion pressure. AB - Autoregulation of the retinal circulation in response to an acute elevation of intraocular pressure was investigated in 17 subjects (23 eyes) with no ocular abnormalities, by means of the blue field entoptic phenomenon. This phenomenon allows a person to observe leukocytes flowing in his own macular capillaries. Subjects were instructed to compare the speed of their leukocytes in one eye with that in the other eye. All subjects perceived equal speed in both eyes. During their observation of the leukocytes, the intraocular pressure (IOP) was rapidly raised in one eye to a level at which autoregulation was not sufficient to maintain normal blood flow. At that level of IOP, subjects described the leukocytes moving slower in this eye than in the fellow eye. The IOP was then decreased in steps of 2 to 3 mm Hg until the subjects reported observing equal leukocyte speeds in both eyes. The IOP at which this occurred, IOPmax, represents the highest IOP (lowest mean perfusion pressure P min) at which the retina is able to maintain normal blood average IOPmax was 29.6 +/- 2.0 mm Hg, corresponding to an average of P min of 27 +/- 6 min Hg and demonstrating that a decrease of 36% or less in perfusion pressure is adequately compensated by retinal vascular autoregulation. PMID- 7251301 TI - Total lipid and membrane lipid analysis of normal animal and human lenses. AB - Comparisons of lens fiber cell membrane isolation methods were made. Although membrane lipid yield from stirring overnight in hypotonic medium followed by low speed centrifugation was comparable to that from homogenization and high-speed centrifugation, losses in phosphatidyl ethanolamine were observed with the former method. Lyophilization with vacuum replacement by nitrogen did not exert any deleterious effects. A significant difference in total lens lipid was observed between human and the three species of animals investigated. PMID- 7251302 TI - Paracellular route of aqueous outflow in the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm. A freeze-fracture study of the endothelial junctions in the sclerocorneal angel of the macaque monkey eye. AB - The intercellular junctions of the endothelial cells of the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm were examined with the electron microscope in the macaque monkey eye by both thin-sectioned specimens and the freeze-fracturing technique. The endothelial cells that line the beams of the meshwork are joined by gap junctions and short, isolated strands of tight junction; zonulae occludentes are absent. Thus aqueous humor can freely traverse the patent endothelial clefts of the trabecular meshwork. The endothelial cells of the canal of Schlemm are joined by zonulae occludentes and a small number of minute gap junctions. In 57% of their length, the tight junctions consist of one or two strands; the strands are rarely more than four. They remain preferentially associated with the E-face of the membrane, run parallel to one another, and only exceptionally branch or anastomose. Thus they are provided with free endings and do not form a bidimensional network. As a result of this organization, the zonula occludens is traversed by meandering channels of extracellular space or split pores, which connect the open endothelial clefts on the luminal and tissue fronts of the junction. The frequency of slit pores is 0.134 per micrometer of zonula occludens. They occupy 0.87% of the intercellular boundary and 0.0015% of the area of the endothelium. Estimates of the fluid conductance of the zonulae occludentes indicate that the intercellular clefts of the endothelium of Schlemm's canal filter but a small fraction of the amount of aqueous humor that leaves the anterior chamber through the conventional route. PMID- 7251303 TI - Gene mapping of human ocular connective tissue proteins. Assignment of the structural gene for corneal type I procollagen to human chromosome 7 in human corneal stroma-mouse fibroblast somatic cell hybrids. AB - Somatic cell hybrids between mouse and human corneal stroma fibroblasts have been used to identify the human chromosome responsible for the synthesis of human corneal type I procollagen. Twenty-six separate hybrid clones and subclones from three separate hybridization events were isolated in hypoxanthine-aminopterin thymidine (HAT) selection medium and were used to assay for the production of human type I procollagen. Human and mouse chromosomes were identified in each hybrid clone by alkaline Giemsa staining of metaphase chromosomes spread and by isozyme analysis. We have found that human type I procollagen production segregates concordantly with human chromosome 7 and with beta-glucuronidase, another human chromosome 7 marker. The pro-alpha 1 gene and possibly the pro alpha 2 gene appear to be encoded on human chromosome 7. Because we have previously assigned the gene for human skin type I procollagen to chromosome 17, our present data indicate that separate genes and control mechanisms must exist for skin and corneal type I procollagen. PMID- 7251304 TI - The influence of parenteral ascorbate on the strength of corneal wounds. AB - Rabbits receiving subcutaneous ascorbate after corneal wounding showed significant elevation of aqueous humor ascorbate levels but no enhancement of wound breaking strength when compared to controls. In a second group of rabbits, perilimbal alkali burning reduced aqueous humor ascorbate levels one-half to one third normal. In these perilimbally burned eyes with wounds in clear cornea, subcutaneous ascorbate significantly raised the aqueous humor ascorbate level and enhanced breaking wound strength compared to controls. We conclude that parenterally administered ascorbate has no salutory effect on the breaking strength of corneal wounds in the normal rabbit eye. In contrast, subcutaneous ascorbate has a very favorable effect on the breaking strengths of corneal wounds in those eye with depressed aqueous humor ascorbate. PMID- 7251305 TI - Oval corneal opacities in beagles. III. Histochemical demonstration of stromal lipids without hyperlipidemia. AB - We found oral stromal avascular corneal opacities in 128 eyes of 75 beagles from 497 studied. There were three morphologic types that progressed in severity with time; nebular, racetrack, and white arc. Histochemical study of the earliest morphologic type (nebular) revealed neutral fats, cholesterol, phospholipids, and sometimes fatty acids both intracellularly and extracellularly. We found no elevation of serum cholesterol or triglycerides except in dogs with the most advanced morphologic type (white arc) and no alteration in thyrometabolic function. We think that oval stromal opacities in beagle corneas are a primary disorder of corneal lipid metabolism closely resembling the central crystalline dystrophy of Schnyder and may be an animal model for this human disease. PMID- 7251306 TI - Ultrastructure of the preretinal membrane in retinitis pigmentosa. AB - Light and electron microscopic examination of the retina and optic nerve in patients with retinitis pigmentosa has revealed a larger of fibrous astrocytes (preretinal membrane) apposed to the inner limiting lamina of the optic nerve retina. This preretinal membrane was centered on the disc, was many cell layers thick over the optic nerve and peripapillary retina, and was tapered to a single cell layer near its anterior margin. Processes of fibrous astrocytes from the optic nerve and peripapillary retina extend into the preretinal membrane through gaps in the inner limiting lamina of the optic nerve and peripapillary retina. The preretinal membrane may be responsible for the abnormally high fundus reflex, the waxy pallor of the disc, and posterior vitreous detachment frequently observed in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 7251308 TI - Experimental vascular occlusion in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. AB - Rabbits fed a diet rich in cholesterol developed hypercholesterolemia and atheromas in the cornea, sclera, iris, ciliary body, and choroid, and a few synchysis scintillans in the vitreous. The fellow eye of these rabbits, in which one nasal vortex vein was occluded, developed far more severe changes in all the above-mentioned eye tissues, especially over the sector of the eye drained by the occluded vein. In hypercholesterolemic rabbits in which a short posterior ciliary artery was occluded, the ischemic area of the choroid was gradually seem to become infiltrated with large crystalline particles. The combination of abnormal blood flow and hypercholesterolemia gives rise to an exaggerated deposition of extravascular lipid material. This experimental model is probably relevant to such human conditions as drusen and lipoid deposition in the choroid and cornea and the formation of asteroid hyalosis. PMID- 7251307 TI - Effect of monosodium glutamate on retinal vessel development and permeability in rats. AB - Monosodium glutamate (MSG) administered to neonatal rats on postnatal days 1 to 10 caused a generalized degeneration of the inner retinal layers. MSG administered only on postnatal days 8, 9, 10, and/or 11 caused a retinopathy limited to more peripheral retinal areas corresponding to currently existing regions of immature retinal vessels. Ink-injected retinal vessel studies showed a delay in development of the retinal vessel network but no alterations in vessel patency. Fluorescence microscopic examination of freeze-dried tissues revealed to abnormalities of the blood-retinal barriers to sodium fluorescein. We conclude, as demonstrated by these methods, that MSG retards development of the retinal vessels but does not affect development of the blood-retinal barriers. The retinotoxic effect of MSG apparently results from a mechanism(s) other than a breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. PMID- 7251309 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. I. Optic nerve and central nervous system manifestations. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was produced in six adult rhesus monkeys. The animals were evaluated serially by ocular, ophthalmoscopic, fluorescein fundus angiographic, pupillary, visual evoked potential, neurologic, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and hematologic examinations and by postmortem detailed histopathologic examination. All the animals developed acute EAE. Four of the monkeys, surviving longer than 1 month, developed chronic relapsing EAE and were sacrificed 3 to 14 months after sensitization. All 12 eyes developed acute optic neuritis (with variable degrees of optic disc edema and visual loss). Later on, all the eyes of animals with chronic EAE developed optic atrophy with total or almost total blindness. Histopathologic examination of the optic nerve and central nervous system revealed inflammatory infiltrates, extensive demyelination, and axonal degeneration, without inflammation in the retina or optic nerve head (i.e., nonmyelinated neural tissue). Relapsing EAE was reflected in episodic increases of CSF proteins and pleocytosis. The various findings are correlated. PMID- 7251310 TI - Diabetes mellitus and the rabbit corneal epithelium. AB - Diabetes mellitus has been shown to be a factor in the development of corneal epithelial abnormalities in stressed human eyes, but the biochemical basis for this is not known. To see if sorbitol pathway activation might be involved, ocular surface epithelial healing rates and metabolites of the glycolytic and sorbitol pathways were measured in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. As in humans, corneal epithelial healing rates were not decreased in the diabetic rabbits, suggesting that the rabbit may be an appropriate model for human disease. Increased levels of glucose, glycogen, and sorbitol were found in the diabetic corneal epithelium compared with normal. However, the sorbitol accumulation only mounted to 1.0 mOsm/L of tissue water, which implies that osmotic damage secondary to corneal epithelial cell sorbitol accumulation might not be a significant factor in corneal epithelial abnormalities of diabetes. PMID- 7251311 TI - The visually evoked subcortical potential: is related to the electroretinogram? AB - The visually evoked subcortical potential (VESP) of mean latencies P21-N28-P36 has previously been recorded at an electrode site around the mastoid process. An initial topographical study of the potential indicated that it was independent of the electroretinogram (ERG), and monocular stimulation showed bilateral reduction, which suggests that the VESP is of postchiasmal origin. A more detailed topographical study of the scalp and facial distribution of the ERG and its oscillatory potentials has been carried out, with simultaneous recording of the VESP. Two monocular fields of ERG activity have been demonstrated, each having a wide area of distribution and interacting medially. Remnants of the ERG b-wave have been detected at many electrode sites, but they were of different amplitude and morphology from the VESP. Results are also presented from two atypical control subjects and two patients, providing further evidence of the separate genesis of the ERG and VESP. PMID- 7251312 TI - Retinal degeneration in cats fed casein. IV. The early receptor potential. AB - Electroretinographic studies of casein-fed cats with retinal taurine deficiency revealed that the early receptor potential (ERP) was initially normal in amplitude at a time when the a-wave and b-wave of the electroretinogram were substantially reduced or even nondetectable. The preserved ERP's in these taurine deficient cats could be correlated with the histologic finding that their outer segments were relatively intact over 90% of the retinal area subtended by the test flash. The sequence of electroretinographic changes in these taurine deficient cats was also consistent with previous biochemical studies on the normal cat retina that have shown a relatively low concentration of taurine at the level of the outer segments and a higher concentration at the level of the inner segments. The responses in early stages from taurine-deficient cats differed from the responses obtained from vitamin A--deficient cats but resembled those from cats that received an intravitreal injection of ouabain. Similarities and a difference between the responses of taurine-deficient cats and those of patients with early retinitis pigmentosa are considered. PMID- 7251313 TI - Chemical effects of alkali on polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lenses. AB - Polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lenses were left in 10% NaOH or 10% KOH for various periods of time. Contact angles were unaltered and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis was unchanged. This concentration of alkali does not appear to chemically change the lens surface during the study period. PMID- 7251314 TI - The efficacy of brief periods of reverse occlusion in promoting recovery from the physiological effects of mononuclear deprivation in kittens. AB - The relative effect of short daily periods of reverse occlusion in promoting recovery from the physiological effect of monocular deprivation in kittens were examined with a view to identifying a neurophysiological basis for the visual improvement observed with minimum occlusion therapy in amblyopia. Kittens were monocularly deprived from near birth until 5 weeks of age, at which time they were reverse-sutured and housed in total darkness. Each kitten received a short period of visual exposure through its initially deprived eye each day for either a fixed number of days or for a constant total visual exposure spread over a different number of exposure sessions. Electrophysiological recordings from single cells in the visual cortex were made the day after the last visual exposure. Kittens that received daily periods of reverse occlusion as brief as 30 min for 20 days showed a substantial degree of reversal of cortical ocular dominance. Other experiments indicated that 20 hr of reverse occlusion distributed over a number of brief daily sessions was far more effective in promoting physiological recovery than the same total period of exposure imposed in only two sessions. In general these results suggest that a given period of reverse occlusion may be more effective in promoting recovery with distributed than with massed periods of occlusion. PMID- 7251315 TI - Aging and low-contrast vision: face perception. AB - Previous work showed that despite good visual acuity, many healthy older people require more contrast to see gratings of low and intermediate spatial frequencies than do younger observers. Here we report that a daily perceptual activity, which relies on lower spatial frequency information, is also adversely affected: as compared to young individuals, many older individuals require more contrast to detect a face and to discriminate between two faces. Ocular pathology, optical changes within the eyeball, and variation in criterion are ruled out as explanations for the age-related elevation in threshold. PMID- 7251317 TI - Influence of misonidazole on the radiosensitivity of transplantable transitional cell bladder carcinoma in mice. AB - The radiosensitizing properties of misonidazole (Ro-07-0582; NSC-26137) were evaluated in a leg transplanted model of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2 thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) induced transitional cell bladder carcinoma in C3H/He mice. Animals bearing tumor received fractionated radiation of 400 rads X 5 or 600 rads X 5. Other groups with the same radiation doses were treated with misonidazole (0.75 mg per g) before each radiation fraction. Radiation alone was effective in prolonging Mean Survival Time, 17 per cent for 400 rads X 5 and 45 per cent for 600 X 5, with an associated delay in tumor growth. Misonidazole in the 600 rads X 5 group showed a radiosensitizing effect by further slowing tumor growth and prolonging Mean Survival Time by 80 per cent over the control and 24 per cent over radiation alone. Misonidazole alone did not show notable cytotoxic effects. PMID- 7251316 TI - Cholesterol accumulation in renal cell cancer: a review. PMID- 7251318 TI - A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of urinary bladders of mice treated with 2-acetylaminofluorene. AB - Urinary bladders of BALB/c male mice treated with 250 ppm of 2 acetylaminofluorene for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days were examined for early scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) changes. SEM observations at days 1, 3, and 5, and TEM observations at days 1 and 3 revealed no significant changes. The bladders of the mice treated for 7 days contained an occasional focus showing irregularity in the shape and size of the superficial cells and SEM revealed ropey microridges in an occasional cell. The bladders of mice treated for 14 days had a greater irregularity of cell size on SEM. TEM changes were evident as early as 5 days with an increase in severity at 7 and 14 days. A numerical reduction of fusiform vesicles, asymmetric membrane plaques and Golgi apparatus along with an increase in membranous whorls, endoplasmic reticulum, cytolysosomes, and small rounded vesicles was evident. The study may aid in a better understanding of early morphologic changes of urothelium in response to a carcinogen. PMID- 7251319 TI - The characterization of a newly identified, highly metastatic variety of Dunning R 3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma system: the MAT LyLu tumor. AB - The Dunning R 3327 AT tumor is a rapidly growing, androgen insensitive, serially transplantable rat tumor of prostatic origin. In early passages, the AT tumor had a very low rate of distant metastases (less than 1 per cent); however, after 60 serial subcutaneous passages, the AT tumor has given rise to a new tumor line which has an extremely high metastatic rate. Greater then 75 per cent of all animals inoculated with this late passage tumor develop lymph node metastases alone or in combination with lung metastases. This high passage tumor seems to be distinct from the original AT tumor since it has a substantially faster doubling time and a massively increased metastatic potential; it has therefore been named the Dunning R 3327 MAT LyLu tumor (metastatic AT tumor able to disseminate to lymph nodes and lung). The MAT LyLu tumor, like the parent nonmetastatic AT tumor, is androgen insensitive with regard to its growth rate, rate of distant metastases and mean survival time. This newly characterized MAT LyLu tumor provides an appropriate animal model system for testing the potential effectiveness of a variety of therapeutic approaches specifically aimed at limiting the metastatic spread of prostatic cancer. PMID- 7251320 TI - Long term parenteral infusion in the rat: a new technique. AB - We developed an improved method for continuous parenteral infusion of rats with minimal animals restraint. This method is reliable, relatively inexpensive, and imposes less stress upon the animal than other methods of infusion previously described. PMID- 7251321 TI - Analysis of renal calculi by X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe: a comparison of two methods. AB - We analyzed 48 renal calculi by X-ray powder diffraction and electron microprobe techniques. In 35 of these, the presence of a minor constituent, not detected by X-ray diffraction, was revealed--hydroxyapatite was found in 24 stones, struvite in 6, and calcium oxalate in 5. The results of this study, as well as others, show that incomplete assignment of the crystalline constituents of urinary calculi is an inherent risk of the X-ray method and that conclusions concerning total chemical composition should be based on X-ray diffraction analyses coupled with data obtained from other analytical procedures. PMID- 7251322 TI - Comparison of microscopic and macroscopic repair in rabbit urethral fistulae. AB - Two fistulae were created in each of 26 adult male New Zealand rabbits. In six, no closure was carried out. In 20 rabbits subsequent closure was carried out using, alternately, a macroscopic and microscopic technique. We were then able to evaluate a total of 26 repaired fistulae using several parameters. Patency of the fistulae was present after 3 months in all six rabbits in which no closure was carried out. Comparison of the two techniques showed nine recurrences or persistent fistulae in the ten repaired by standard macroscopic techniques, and one fistulae still present after closure of 16 fistulae using microsurgical principles. This preliminary study emphasizes the potential improvement in urethral fistula repair using the operating microscope. Direct transfer into the clinical setting is underway with the use of techniques used in the Microsurgical Laboratory at the University of British Columbia. PMID- 7251323 TI - Effects of prazosin on isolated human urethra and in patients with lower motor neurons lesions. AB - In isolated human urethra, prazosin competitively inhibited contractions induced by noradrenaline, but had no effect on contractions elicited by potassium (127 mM), suggesting an action solely on alpha-adrenoceptors. Seven patients with lower motor neuron lesions and micturition disturbances were treated with 2 mg of prazosin twice daily. Five were investigated by simultaneous urethrocystometry before and during treatment. Prazosin reduced the intraurethral pressure, the intravesical pressure during bladder filling, and autonomous bladder waves. Voiding and incontinence improved in five patients. In one, voiding was facilitated, but continence deteriorated, and in one, no clinical effects were observed. In all patients, residual urine decreased. There were no side effects, except one case of nasal congestion. It is concluded that prazosin effectively reduces alpha-adrenoceptor mediated hyperactivity in the smooth muscle of the lower urinary tract, and that it may be an effective treatment of micturition disturbances in patients with lower motor neuron lesions. PMID- 7251324 TI - Maturation of monocytes in patients with renal cell carcinoma. AB - Peripheral blood leukocytes were cultured from patients with renal cell carcinoma and compared with those from normal volunteers. The number of macrophage precursor cells recovered was 17.99 +/- 11.65 X 10(3) cells per ml of blood in patients with renal cell carcinoma, whereas the number recovered in normal individuals was 72.0 +/- 20.0 X 10(3) cells per ml of blood. The low macrophage yield in patients with renal cell carcinoma was not associated with serum factors, and there was no difference in the number of monocytes in the mononuclear cell preparations. Therefore, there seems to be an intrinsic defect in the macrophage maturation process in vitro in patients with renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7251326 TI - Ultrastructure of human penile erectile tissue in patients with abnormal norepinephrine content. AB - Past studies of the alteration of nerve morphology of penile erectile tissue in men with impotence using light and histofluorescent techniques have been inconclusive. We evaluated the ultrastructure of erectile tissue of five men; the content of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in this tissue was also known. Our results show that in nerve fibers of men whose penile tissue samples displayed very low norepinephrine content, nerve fibers were extremely sparse. In two men with insulin dependent diabetes, alteration of the intracellular caveolae, glycogen, and microfilaments of smooth muscles were found. In addition, in these patients, there was an increased amount of cell surface coat material. In diabetic patients, these changes may translate into biomechanical alterations of the smooth muscle function within the erectile tissue. PMID- 7251327 TI - Urinary diversion and systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of experimental early neoplastic lesions of the bladder. AB - We gave 102 male Fischer 344 rats (100 to 200 g) 0.2 per cent nitrofurylthiazolyl formamide (FANFT) diet for 14 weeks. Half of the animals underwent urinary diversion and half, sham operation. All animals resumed the FANFT diet. Half of each of the groups received four weekly i.p. injections of cyclophosphamide and the remainder received saline injections. The animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after diversion or sham operation. The incidences of tumor and tumor invasion were tabulated. Urinary diversion produced a greater effect in reducing progression of early neoplastic lesions to gross or microscopically invasive tumor than did systemic cyclophosphamide; however, an additive effect was noted when diversion and cyclophosphamide therapy were combined. PMID- 7251325 TI - The effect of sterile ureteral reflux on intact and diverted upper urinary tracts. AB - We studied the effect of sterile ureteral reflux on intact and diverted upper urinary tracts. Five dogs underwent transvesical left ureteral meatotomy and anastomosis of the right ureter to a refluxing ileal conduit. Several normal nonrefluxing renal units were also studied. At 6 months, renal function studies were not significantly different among control, ilealureteral, and vesicoureteral refluxing renal units. No radiographic or histopathologic abnormalities were observed in experimental renal units. Sterile intestinalureteral and vesicoureteral reflux do not seem to cause functional or morphologic renal damage. PMID- 7251328 TI - Developmental aspects of calcium oxalate tubular deposits and calculi induced in rat kidneys. AB - We employed an experimental hyperoxaluric protocol involving the administration of 1 per cent ethylene glycol drinking water to rats to determine (i) the location and mechanism of retention of renal tubular calcium oxalate crystals, and (ii) how this tubular deposition is modified by magnesium deficiency and contributes to stone formation. Calcium oxalate monohydrate deposition was found predominantly within the lumina of proximal tubules, and was markedly accelerated by magnesium deficiency. Sheet- and strandlike mucoid appearing material attached the crystals to the luminal surface of the renal tubules. The structure of stones found in the renal pelvis suggested that tubular deposits aggregate to form the nidus of the calculus. PMID- 7251329 TI - First results of stepwise straining of the human urinary bladder and human bladder strips. AB - A new method of cystometry called stepwise cystometry, based on a viscoelastic model of the urinary bladder wall, is proposed. This cystometry technique yields objective parameters, which provide information on the mechanical condition of the bladder wall. The method was tested on 21 patients. It was technically simple to perform. The parameters obtained were in good agreement with those derived from 105 measurements on 13 human bladder wall strips, provided that a correction was applied for the lower strain rates involved. PMID- 7251330 TI - Improvement in plaquing methods for the enumeration of anatid herpesvirus (duck plague virus). AB - The Holland strain of anatid herpesvirus (AHV) was 2-to 10-fold more efficiently plaqued under liquid medium or semisolid medium containing methylcellulose than in media containing agar, agarose, or Nobel agar. Virus adsorption was complete in 45 min, with the maximum virus titers obtained under liquid medium at 48 h postinfection. The AHV dose-response curve was linear. Pekin duck embryo cultures were more efficient than CCL-141 in plaque response and gave the maximum virus yield per cell. Virus titers were independent of avian cell passage number (to 6), fetal or newborn calf sera (to 10% v/v), and the presence of polyions during adsorption. The host range included cells from several species of Anseriformes and Galliformes. PMID- 7251332 TI - Identification of polypeptides of the tree shrew (Tupaia) adenovirus. AB - The virion polypeptides of the Tupaia (tree shrew) adenovirus were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and by isoelectric focusing. The viral proteins from either nonradioactive or 35S-methionine-labeled virions formed distinct patterns of at least 15 polypeptides which were different from those of known human and animal adenoviruses. Two-dimensional analyses revealed the presence of 18 discernible polypeptides. PMID- 7251331 TI - Adenovirus type 12 gene 401 function and temperature sensitivity of cytochalasin B effects on transformed cells. AB - Rat (3Y1) cells transformed by wild-type adenovirus type 12 or the temperature sensitive mutant ts401 with an active function required for transformation maintenance were exposed at the permissive(36 degrees) or nonpermissive (40 degrees) temperature to cytochalasin B (CB). At 40 degrees, the ts401-transformed cells, but not the wild-type transformants, exhibited, at least partially, the untransformed 3Y1 cell phenotype; most of the cells became bi- and trinucleated and DNA synthesis was inhibited. AT 36 degrees, both groups of cells became highly multinucleated, and there was no apparent inhibition of DNA synthesis by CB. These characteristics were exhibited also by the wild-type transformants at 40 degrees. These findings provide additional evidence that an active 401 gene function is required for maintenance of the adenovirus-transformed cell phenotype. PMID- 7251333 TI - Immunological characterization of type-D retrovirus isolates from human cells. AB - Competition radioimmunoassays for the 27,000 molecular weight(p27) major internal protein and the low-molecular-weight 10,000-12,000 (p10-12) polypeptides of the primate type-D retroviruses, Mason-Pfizer virus(MPV) and langur virus (LV), were established. Type-D isolates from various primate and human tumor cells were examined in both these assays. There were no detectable immunological differences between MPV and two type-D retroviruses previously reported to be isolated from human cell lines (HeLa and AO). Type-D retroviruses isolated from human T9 and J96 cells (cell lines derived from human leukemic cells), however, were clearly distinguishable from both MPV and LV in their respective p10-12 radioimmunoassays. These assays thus demonstrate that type-D retroviruses isolated from some human cells may differ immunologically from morphologically similar viruses isolated from nonhuman primates. PMID- 7251334 TI - In vivo and in vitro translation of the RNAs of four tobamoviruses. AB - The RNAs from four tobamoviruses [tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) vulgare, TMV dahlemense, TMV U2, and the cowpea strain of TMV (CcTMV)] were translated in a cell-free ribosome system from reticulocytes. Among the translation products found were two polypeptides with molecular weights of 170,000 and 120,000 which were produced by all the viral RNAs tested. These two polypeptides comigrated with the corresponding virus-specific proteins synthesized in tobacco protoplasts infected with any of the four tobamoviruses. A 30,000 molecular weight protein was encoded by all four RNAs. However, this protein was synthesized in different amounts and differed slightly in size for each virus. When TMV vulgare or dahlemense RNAs were used as templates, this protein was one of the major translation products, whereas trace amounts were produced in the presence of U2 or CcTMV RNA. Only the CcTMV RNA directed the in vitro synthesis of a protein which had about the same electrophoretic mobility as coat protein. PMID- 7251336 TI - Replication of an Iridovirus in a nematode (Mermithidae). AB - An iridovirus was observed with the electron microscope in the tissues of a mermithid nematode parasitic in the isopods Porcellio scaber and Armadillidium vulgare. Virus particles were seen associated with virogenic areas in the cytoplasm along with viral stages suggestive of particle maturation. Extracts of portions of the same nematodes used for transmission electron microscopy appeared positive in serologically specific electron microscopy with antisera prepared against iridescent virus from the isopod hosts. These same extracts in 21 of 40 isopods produced infections when fed to P. scaber. This is the first report of a known virus replicating in a nematode and extends the host range of iridoviruses to the phylum Nematoda. PMID- 7251335 TI - Activation of adenovirus type 5 latent infections of tissue culture. AB - To study the in vitro activation of latent adenovirus type 5 infection and enhancement of virus production, primary human amnion and HEp-2 cell cultures were inoculated with low doses of virus and subsequently treated with steroid hormones, carcinogens, or a pyrogen drug 'Pyrago' containing killed cells of bacteria and fungi. Immunofluorescence and CPE revealed that only pyrogen induced conversion from latency to activation and that the drug also enhanced virus production. Although prednisolone failed to induce activation, it did have an enhancing effect on slowly multiplying virus. Presumably, activation and enhancement of virus replication do not occur as the result of the same mechanism but the latter may be influenced by hormones. Microbial products may produce both effects separately or simultaneously. PMID- 7251337 TI - Does rice ragged stunt virus lack the typical double shell of the Reoviridae? AB - In rice ragged stunt virus preparations negatively stained with uranyl acetate, particles corresponding to the B-spiked subviral particles (SPVs) but not the double-shelled virions of fijiviruses were seen. The B spikes were broader at the base than those of fijiviruses, but otherwise the particles were similar in size and shape to fijivirus SVPs. In thin sections of infected plants, large numbers of virus-like particles were seen; most resembled the SVPs of fijiviruses but some appeared intermediate between these and complete fijivirus particles. It seems likely that rice ragged stunt virus does not produce a regular outer shell as do the fijiviruses, although the broad-based B spikes may in some profiles have given the appearance of a continuous shell. PMID- 7251338 TI - Use of the luminescent bacterial system for the rapid assessment of aquatic toxicity. AB - A simple and reliable method for monitoring the toxicity of aquatic samples has been developed. The assay is based on changes in the light output of luminescent bacteria, as measured by a temperature controlled photometric device. The new assay method described here correlates well with other bioassays yet requires less than thirty minutes to obtain a complete reportable assay. The assay system is an instrumental approach in which the bioassay organisms are handled like a chemical reagent. Data are presented which verify the sensitivity of this toxicity test. Data comparing this assay method with conventional procedures such as fish toxicity assays are also present. Various applications of this new test method, Microtox TM, are discussed. PMID- 7251340 TI - Influence of bioflavonoids on lysosomal acid hydrolases and lysosomal stability. AB - In rats treated with (+)-catechin or 0-(beta-hydroxyethyl) rutosides, the activity of lysosomal acid hydrolase, namely, beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase and cathepsin D in serum, liver and kidney and the stability of liver lysosomes was studied. The activity of these enzymes in bioflavonoids treated tissues and serum decreased significantly. Analysis of liver lysosome rich fraction revealed an appreciable increase in the total activity and significant decrease in the rate of release of beta-glucuronidase in bioflavonoids treated animals. The results may, therefore, suggest stabilization of lysosomes due to the administration of bioflavonoids. PMID- 7251339 TI - Phospholipid involvement in psoriatic epidermis. PMID- 7251341 TI - Influence of bioflavonoids on the collagen metabolism in rats with adjuvant induced arthritis. AB - In rats with adjuvant induced arthritis, the effect of CA or HR on the metabolism of collagen in skin was studied. In untreated animals with adjuvant induced arthritis, the synthesis of collagen is decreased, the catabolism of newly formed collagen is intensified and the conversion of soluble collagen to insoluble collagen is impaired. Bioflavonoids were found to increase the collagen synthesis, accelerate the conversion of soluble collagen to insoluble collagen and inhibit the catabolism of soluble collagen. The beneficial action of bioflavonoids on the metabolism of collagen in adjuvant induced arthritis was discussed. PMID- 7251343 TI - Statistically designed assay of migration-inhibitory activity in lymphokine preparations. AB - The migration inhibiton test in agarose as described by Clausen (Acta Allergol 26:56, 1971) was modified into a statistically designed assay comprising a laboratory standard in each assay, and using buffy coat cells or peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes from pigs as target cells. The precision of the assay was improved by combining cells from several pigs. Fifty-5000 microliters of lymphokine-containing test fluid could be used in the assay provided that this fluid contains the essential nutrients. In our hands, the capillary tests was unsuitable for a quantitative assessment of migration inhibition activity. PMID- 7251342 TI - Self-assembly of fibrin monomer. A light scattering and electron microscopic investigation. AB - A light scattering method, together with complementary electron microscopy observations, was designed to investigate the self-assembly of fibrin. Calcium free monomer was used, and clot reconstitution was carried out in solvents corresponding to limit interaction energies of the protein with the medium. The self-assembly process, under physiological conditions, conforms to the following sequence of events. 1) A fast polymerization step leading to linear aggregates. 2) Fiber growth; at this stage onset of the network occurs. 3) Gelation (clot formation). Bound calcium was found to be structurally required for gelation. Its removal results in the formation of thick fibers, which are unable to clot. Evidence is reported favouring our previous hypothesis (Conio et al., 1976) on the onset of the network: branching of linear aggregates is a prerequisite for clotting. The occurrence of a crystallization process, which overlaps to fiber growth, is demonstrated in this paper for the first time. Its dependence on solvent-protein interactions is analyzed. Our results suggest that fibrin monomer is to some extent a flexible molecule. Both flexibility and crystallization may play a functional role in the clotting process in vivo. PMID- 7251344 TI - Studies on the mechanism of action of human thymic epithelial conditioned medium on mouse thymocytes. Evidence for induction of immune competence. AB - It has been shown that addition of human thymic epithelial conditioned medium (HTECM) leads to an increased response of mouse thymocytes to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. HTECM caused a maximal potentiating effect when added to thymocyte cultures at the time of their initiation. Addition at later times had a smaller enhancing effect and after 24 hr no effect of HTECM could be measured. Responses to mitogen were higher at all time periods measured and peak responses were shifted to later times in the presence of HTECM. Determination of cell viability made it highly unlikely that the effect of HTECM was simple due to enhanced numbers of viable cells in culture. These data support the view that HTECM induces T-lymphocyte maturation. PMID- 7251346 TI - Eosinophils in cerebrospinal fluid: criteria for eosinophilic meningitis. PMID- 7251345 TI - Non-fatal shark attack at Maui. PMID- 7251348 TI - The accuracy of medical certificates of cause of death. PMID- 7251347 TI - Monitoring methenamine therapy: data from a geriatric population. PMID- 7251349 TI - Chaos in A4 records in general practice. PMID- 7251350 TI - Prevalence and severity of incontinence among hospitalized, female psychogeriatric patients. PMID- 7251351 TI - Do breast feeding mothers get the home support they need? PMID- 7251353 TI - The Dental Health Services Research Group: preliminary report. PMID- 7251352 TI - The timing of and reasons for doctors' career decisions. PMID- 7251354 TI - Development of feeding behaviour in early infancy: implications for obesity. PMID- 7251355 TI - A multi-attribute approach to the rationalisation of radiological protection. PMID- 7251357 TI - Tritium monitoring methodology and application at a research reactor. PMID- 7251356 TI - Use of an albedo neutron personnel dosimeter for X- and gamma-ray monitoring. PMID- 7251358 TI - Duct effects on the distribution of gamma-rays from a mixed radiation field in an ilmenite-concrete shield. PMID- 7251359 TI - Ocular effects of holmium (2.06 micrometers) and erbium (1.54 micrometer) laser radiation. PMID- 7251360 TI - Low-level radiation and infant mortality. PMID- 7251362 TI - The concentration of plutonium in hair following intravenous injection. PMID- 7251363 TI - A micrometeorological perspective on deposition. PMID- 7251361 TI - Dose-response relationships for bone tumors in beagles exposed to 226Ra and 90Sr. PMID- 7251364 TI - The health physics hazards of X-rays produced by evacuated microwave waveguides. PMID- 7251365 TI - An inexpensive radon scintillation cell. PMID- 7251366 TI - Measurement of 125I by liquid scintillation counting method. PMID- 7251367 TI - Proposed interim measuring quantity for radiation protection dosimeters for photons. PMID- 7251368 TI - Disposal of radioactive contaminated pathological waste incinerator. PMID- 7251369 TI - A modification to a recurrence formula for linear first-order equations. PMID- 7251370 TI - Advantages and limitations of chemical preservatives for use in the radiochemical analysis of 131I in environmental milk samples. PMID- 7251371 TI - Management of burns of the head and neck. AB - Burns of the head and neck with or without respiratory tract injury remain a serious and complex problem. Care of patients with this injury requires astute frequent clinical examinations, repeated laryngoscopy or flexible bronchoscopy, and serial laboratory investigations. Superb monitoring and care by the entire burn team with frequent dialogue among the individuals with specialized knowledge, mature clinical judgement in regard to therapy, the long-term follow up help burn victims survive the injury and achieve the best possible functional ability and cosmetic appearance. There are no simple answers or rote decisions in the management of these injuries. The challenge requires the most innovative and creative care coupled with large amounts of hard work. Many of the recent advances in the management of burns of the head and neck have permitted these patients to survive and have helped them to return as functioning members of society. PMID- 7251372 TI - Massive necrotizing infections of the neck. AB - Necrotizing fascitis of the head and neck is a rare condition with only 7 cases recorded in the literature. Two cases are presented in which there was massive necrosis of the soft tissues of the neck with extension into the mediastinum. The offending organisms were a mixed bacterial flora which produced gangrene accompanied by subcutaneous emphysema. Both patients were successfully treated with a regimen of intravenous antibiotics, fasciotomy, radical debridement, and hyperbaric oxygenation (1 case). The clinical features, bacteriology, and treatment of necrotizing faciities are reviewed. PMID- 7251374 TI - The pathology of head and neck tumors: carcinoma of the nasopharynx, Part 11. AB - The past decade has witnessed extraordinary advances in the epidemiology, virology, and immunology of carcinomas of the nasopharynx. There has not been a parallel growth in the study of morphologic expressions of the neoplasms. In great part, this has been due to a lack of a universally accepted histologic classification. As a consequence, correlation between histology and other factors relating to the pathogenesis of these neoplasms has been impeded. The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed a histologic classification of nasopharyngeal carcinomas as squamous-cell, nonkeratinizing, and undifferentiated. This report presents and argument in favor of using the WHO classification and a hypothesis relating to the histogenesis of the 3 types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID- 7251373 TI - Diagnosis of salivary gland tumors by fine needle aspiration biopsy. AB - The cytologic findings of 51 smears obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy from salivary gland masses were compared with the histologic findings of permanent sections. The overall concurrence rate between cytologic and histologic findings for being and malignant lesions was 91%. The diagnostic accuracy (exact histologic diagnosis) for the benign lesions was 87% and for the malignant tumors 60%. One case showed false-positive results and 1 case false-negative results. Fine needle aspiration biopsy has been found to be safe, free of complications, and helpful in the planning of treatment. PMID- 7251375 TI - [External fixation of the tibia. Biomechanical studies]. PMID- 7251376 TI - [Diaphysis and metaphysis injuries in the growing years. An experimental study]. PMID- 7251378 TI - Globin chain electrophoresis for prenatal diagnosis of beta thalassemia. AB - Determination of the biosynthetic beta/gamma ratio in samples of fetal blood is used for prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia. The current method, carboxymethyl cellulose chromatography (CMC), is cumbersome, slow, and expensive. Radiolabelled globin chains (A gamma, G gamma, beta, and alpha) can also be separated by electrophoresis in slab gels containing polyacrylamide, acid, urea, and Triton X 100. The radioactive bands are detected by fluorography. We determined the beta/gamma ratio in 24 samples of blood from fetuses at risk for beta thalassemia. CMC column data were compared with quantitations from fluorograms of slab gels. The beta/gamma synthetic ratios correlated (r=0.91), although the ratios were slightly less by gel than by column. The gel method is simple, inexpensive, and permits up to a dozen simultaneous analyses. Confirmatory CMC columns need only be run if the beta/gamma ratio is between 0.01 and 0.03 by gel. PMID- 7251377 TI - Isoelectric focusing of globin chains for antenatal diagnosis of beta 0 thalassemia. AB - A recently developed isoelectric focusing technique for human globin chain separation has been applied to the antenatal diagnosis of beta 0-thalassemia in Sardinia. Results obtained with this method show a complete concordance with those obtained by the currently-in-use chromatographic separation of globin chains by carboxymethyl-cellulose. The ease with which several samples (up to 20) can be simultaneously processed and analyzed by a single operator and the very simple equipment required make this new method ideal for the antenatal diagnosis of beta 0-thalassemia and could encourage a more widespread use of prenatal diagnosis of thalassemias. PMID- 7251380 TI - Distribution and respiratory properties of sheep hemoglobins A and B containing the II alphaHis chain. AB - We recently reported the discovery of a second alpha chain, differing from the common alpha chain by the replacement 113 (or 114) Leucine leads to Histidine, in the hemoglobin of several domestic sheep. The ratio of the common alpha chain, here called alpha Leu, to the variant one, here called II alpha His, was either about 1.8:1 or about 4:1. In this study, the distribution of the II alpha His chain in 217 sheep from 8 domestic breeds was investigated: the II alpha His chain is present in 30% of animals from different breeds. Oxygen equilibrium determination showed no differences in the oxygen affinity, the Bohr effect and the heme-heme interaction of Hb A (alpha 2 beta 2A) and Hb B (alpha 2 beta 2B), each containing one of the three possible alpha chain phenotypes. PMID- 7251382 TI - [Preventive immunizations-status in 1980/81]. AB - This ia a brief report on a symposium held during the 16th International Congress of Pediatrics (September 1980) and an account on the consequences to be drawn for the present situation in Switzerland: The vaccination (immunization against small pox) can be suppressed worldwide. Immunizations with attenuated viruses should be encouraged in a greater extent: all children should receive measles vaccine at the age of 18 months; no other than financial reasons can be brought forward against simultaneous application of rubella and mumps vaccine. Pertussis vaccination would be continued, since its suppression in different regions was followed by great epidemic outbreaks of whooping cough. In the new edition of the Swiss "Guidelines on Vaccination" all these considerations are taken into account. PMID- 7251379 TI - Effect of some physical features and of amino acid substitutions on the mechanical precipitation of hemoglobin. AB - In 1973 Asakura demonstrated that, following mechanical shaking, oxy-Hb S was much less stable than oxy-Hb A (Nature 244: 437, 1973). We have studied the mechanical stability of Hb Cretil (beta 89 Ser leads to Asn), Hb Hope (beta 136 Gly leads to Asp), Hb Strasbourg (beta 23 Val leads to Asp), and the hybrid Hb S/Stanleyville-II (beta 6 Glu leads to Val: alpha 78 Asn leads to Lys) by the method of Roth et al. (Blood 45:377, 1975). Hb Creteil, Hb Hope, and Hb S/St-II were sensitive to mechanical shaking, while Hb Strasbourg was more stable than Hb A, a hitherto undescribed finding. The precise mechanisms responsible for this precipitation are not known. From comparisons with published results, but excluding thermosensitive Hbs, we conclude that: - standard methods for isolation of hemoglobins modify its mechanical stability, - alpha mutation increases the mechanical stability of Hb S in the hybrid Hb S/St-II, - some mutations produce a more stable hemoglobin than Hb A. PMID- 7251383 TI - Central retinal arteries in the full-term newborn: decrease in width and tortuosity during uneventful adaptation. AB - The fundi of 87 full-term newborns were repeatedly photographed from 2 to 144 h of life. At 2 h of life the width of the temporal arteries in the peripapillary area was about 100 micrometers and that of the nasal arteries about 70 micrometers, and all gradually decreased by about 30% during uneventful adaptation in room air. This decrease did not correlate with concomitant tcpO2 and blood pressure measurements. In most babies the arteries were slightly tortuous at 2 h of life and gradually straightened during adaptation. In some babies, however, there was marked tortuosity at 2 h of life, and this finding was significantly correlated with fetal risk factors. We conclude that marked tortuosity is a sign of passed acute fetal distress and that funduscopy in risk babies should be promoted. PMID- 7251384 TI - [Triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness. A random sample, Geneva 1972]. AB - Subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness were measured by using a Lange skinfold caliper, on a random sample of 2861 boys and 2692 girls aged 4 to 191/2 years. The technique of measurement is specified, and the data are submitted to statistical analysis with a view to standardization. For both skinfolds, the sample size, the arithmetic mean and the standard deviation in each age group and either sex are given in tabular form. Correspondingly, fitted percentiles are shown on separate graphs for both of these skinfolds, related to age as well at to standing height of boys or girls. PMID- 7251386 TI - [Familial subsepsis allergica- a systemic form of chronic juvenile arthritis]. AB - Case report of a baby and his 26-year old mother suffering from Subsepsis allergica. Her disease was discovered when she was 2 years old. Both patients showed common symptoms such as regular bouts of high fever with brief exanthemas resistant to antibiotic treatment. The results of their hematological tests were typical of this illness. The mother has also suffered from sporadic attacks of arthritis for the past ten years, but these have not handicapped her in any way. In spite of extensive diagnostic tests we were unable to shed new light on the etiopathogenesis of this systemic form of chronic juvenile arthritis. Since the baby's illness has so far proved to be of benign nature, long-term medication was found to be unnecessary. The mother finds relief through symptomatic treatment. PMID- 7251381 TI - S-aminoethylation of human globin chains using 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide. PMID- 7251385 TI - [High-density lipoproteins in children with coronary diseases]. AB - Low HDL-cholesterol and increased LDL-cholesterol have been shown to be cardiovascular risk factors. Recently, HDL/serum cholesterol and HDL/ LDL cholesterol ratios have been advocated as more reliable indices of cardiovascular risk factors. In a comparative study, lipoprotein-cholesterol and lipoproteins triglycerides as well as the HDL/serum cholesterol and HDL/LDL-cholesterol ratios were determined in children of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and in healthy control children. Sons of CHD patients had significantly lower HDL cholesterol and HDL/LDL-cholesterol ratios than controls. In daughters, the HDL cholesterol and HDL/LDL ratio were also decreased reaching significance in HDL only in the 12 to 16 year age group. Under comparative environmental situations, the results suggest that low HDL-cholesterol in children of CHD patients could be genetically determined. PMID- 7251388 TI - A case of hypoparathyroidism in a child with beta-thalassemia successfully treated with 1 alpha-hydroxy-vitamin D3. AB - A 13-year-old boy with homozygous beta-thalassemia who developed clinically manifest and biochemically proven hypoparathyroidism is described. The latter disease was attributed to hemosiderosis. Laboratory abnormalities were corrected after 1 alpha-hydroxy-vitamin D3 was administered. PMID- 7251387 TI - [Hypertrophic exudative gastropathy in a child. A case report]. AB - Case report of a four-year-old atopic boy with protein-losing hypertrophic gastropathy. The diagnosis was confirmed radiologically and with radioisotope examinations. Already after one week of a high protein diet, spontaneous remission occurred, accompanied by an asthmatic attack. PMID- 7251389 TI - Cardiac failure in pseudohypoparathyroidism. PMID- 7251390 TI - Microphotometric measurement of initial maximum reaction rates in quantitative enzyme histochemistry in situ. AB - Final reaction product formation was recorded microphotometrically for succinate dehydrogenase in cross-sectioned muscle fibers at initial rate conditions and during prolonged incubations. Incubations with gel films and aqueous reaction medium both showed a decline of reaction rates. Maximum reaction rates could only be determined at initial rate conditions during the first minute of the incubation. Reaction rates recorded in different areas of the same tissue section were found to change with time to different degrees. From these results it was concluded that quantitative histochemical measurements of enzyme reactions in situ can only be valid if measured under initial maximum velocity conditions. PMID- 7251391 TI - The relationship between protein content and dry weight of guard cells and other single cell samples of Vicia faba L. leaflet. PMID- 7251392 TI - Paneth cell zinc: a comparison of histochemical and microanalytical techniques. PMID- 7251393 TI - Problems encountered with BPST in dehydrogenase histochemistry. PMID- 7251394 TI - Cholinergic nerves in the human liver. AB - The cholinergic innervation of the human liver was studied. Slices (150--200 micrometer thick) of human liver and of the greater hepatic blood vessels (hepatic artery and vein, portal vein) were incubated in a solution of 6 hydroxydopamine (6-HDA) in order to obtain a selective degeneration of adrenergic nerves. Controls were prepared from samples incubated with buffer alone. The slices were cut on a cryostat into 15-20 micrometer thick sections and processed for the histochemical detection of cholinesterases. Cholinergic nerve fibres innervate the extra hepatic and the intrahepatic branches of the hepatic artery, the portal vein as well as the hepatic vein. Fewer cholinergic fibres innervate the hepatocytes and the hepatic sinusoids. The 6-HDA treatment does not seem to alter the pattern of the cholinergic innervation of the liver. The findings indicate the presence of a cholinergic parasympathetic innervation in the human liver. PMID- 7251396 TI - Changes in lipid content during the post-hatching development of the brain of altricial birds. AB - The post-hatching development of the brain was studied in three altricial birds (those whose development is completed after hatching), namely, the domestic pigeon, house swift and house sparrow, to assess the state of maturity of the brain at the time that the fledglings leave the nest. Maturity is related to the process of myelination and, therefore, Sudan Black was chosen as it is a sensitive indicator of myelin lipids. On hatching, it was found that sudanophilia was very low in all three birds, indicating a lack of maturation. However, between 15 to 25 days in the pigeon and swift and between 8 and 14 days in the sparrow, there was a steady increase in Sudan Black staining. By the time the birds left their nests, the staining was similar to that of adults, thus indicating that the process of myelination was complete and that the brains were mature. PMID- 7251395 TI - Localization of noradrenaline and serotonin in nerves in the pineal gland of rats and guinea-pigs studied by glyoxylic acid histofluorescence and electron microscopy. AB - The nerves in the pineal gland of the rat and guinea-pig contain both noradrenaline and serotonin and fluorescence intensely after histofluorescence procedures. Vesicle-filled terminals in the perivascular space of the pineal body contain numerous clear and dense-cored vesicles. A 5 mg/kg dose of reserpine causes disappearance of histofluorescence from the pineal nerves and a virtual elimination of dense-cored vesicles from vesicle-filled terminals. A 1 mg/kg dose of reserpine results in loss of fluorescence and virtual depletion of dense cores in nerves in the rat, but the guinea-pig pineal nerves continue to fluoresce lightly and the dense-cored vesicles are still present but reduced to about 1/3 in number. Subsequent treatment of lightly reserpinized guinea-pigs with p chlorophenylalanine, a specific depletor of serotonin, results in disappearance of fluorescence in nerves in the pineal gland and virtual depletion of the remaining dense cores. A dose of 1 mg/kg reserpine succeeds in depleting noradrenaline from most peripheral nervous structures of the guinea-pig. Hence, the remaining monoamine in guinea-pig pineal nerves after depletion of noradrenaline appears to be serotonin located in the remaining dense-cored vesicles. Since, in lightly reserpinized guinea-pig pineal nerves, a number of dense-cored vesicles containing serotonin are still present after depletion of noradrenaline, it is suggested that noradrenaline and serotonin are not in the same vesicles at the same time. PMID- 7251397 TI - Effects of exposure to trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene on the contents of acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin in rat brain. PMID- 7251398 TI - Proposition for a method of evaluating the work environment with regard to air borne toxic substances. PMID- 7251399 TI - Colorimetric methods of determination of menthol in air. PMID- 7251400 TI - Simplified assay method for 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in human urine by fluorometry and its normal value. PMID- 7251401 TI - Arsenic metabolites in hair, blood and urine in workers exposed to arsenic trioxide. PMID- 7251402 TI - Comparative evaluation of the paper chromatographic and HPLC methods for the determination of urinary hippuric acid. PMID- 7251403 TI - Influence of constituents of country liquor on the induced toxicity of some muscle relaxants in mice and phrenic nerve diaphragm preparations of rats: a preliminary report. PMID- 7251404 TI - In vitro mercury uptake by hypocatalasemic and acatalasemic mouse hemolysates and human acatalasemic hemolysates. PMID- 7251405 TI - [Mucoceles of the minor salivary glands. Extravasation mucoceles (mucus granulomas) and retention mucoceles (mucus retention cysts) (author's transl)]. AB - 360 cases of salivary glands cysts (= 6%) were collected in the Salivary Glands Register (Institute of Pathology, University of Hamburg) from 1965 until 1979 among a total of 5739 register cases. 273 cases of the cystic lesions (= 76%) were mucoceles of the minor salivary glands. The analysis of these 273 cases revealed the following results: 1. Two types of mucoceles can be morphologically distinguished: extravasation mucoceles and retention mucoceles. 2. The extravasation mucocele is in our material (240 cases = 88.7%) the most frequent type of mucocele. The term "extravasation mucocele" of the anglo-american literature is identical with the term "mucus granuloma" ("Schleimgranulom") introduced by Hamperl (1932). 3. The main signs of the mucus granulomas are: predominant location (79%) at the lower lip, age peak in the 2nd decade and more frequent occurrence (in 60%) in the male sex. 4. Three stages of development can be distinguished in the pathogenesis of the mucus granulomas: an initial stage (interstitial mucus lakes), a resorption stage (mucus granulomas with macrophages, foam cells and foreign bodies giant cells) and a terminal stage with the development of a pseudocyst (capsule of collagen tissue, no epithelial demarcation). 5. The retention mucocele (synonym: mucus retention cyst) is a rare type of mucocele (33 cases = 11.3%). The main signs are: nearly equal occurrence in all oral regions, age peak in the 8th decade, moderate predominance of the female sex. 6. The retention mucoceles contain viscous mucous material, possess always an epithelial demarcation of the cysts differentiated analogous to the different segments of the salivary duct system and show as a rule no inflammatory reaction compared with the extravasation mucoceles. 7. Microtraumas and mucus congestions play the important role in the development of the extravasation mucocele. The final formation depends on the amount of the overflowed mucus and the intensity of the mucus phagocytosis. 8. Partial obstructions of the ducts are considered as the important factor in the development of the retention mucocele. Besides, relations are discussed to high differentiated monomorphic adenomas. 9. In differential diagnosis, the retention mucoceles must be distinguished from other salivary glands cysts (lymphoepithelial cysts etc.), the extravasation mucoceles from other granulomatous reactions of the salivary glands. PMID- 7251407 TI - [Agenesia and hypoplasia of the conchae nasales and the septum nasi (author's transl)]. AB - The rare case of a congenital aplasia of the conchae nasales on both sides as well as a hypoplasia of the septum nasi is described in a women to whom the age of 78 years was given. A heavy hypotrophy of the paranasal sinuses existed concurrently. The epithelium of the regio respiratoria had developed correctly and in spite of the wide nasal relations no symptoms of a rhinitis atrophicans respectively an ozena could be identified. A hook-nose was not very striking in its outward appearance. In a women to whom the age of 77 years was given a hypoplasia of the conchae nasales media et inferior was observed. The point of the genesis of these malformations is discussed. PMID- 7251408 TI - [About rhinomanometric results with INT (author's transl)]. AB - The Intranasal Test was made on 100 patients with possible allergy to house dust, house dust mite and fungi. The results of 64 patients could be discussed. Till now a nasal obstruction with a rhinomanometric flow-volume diminution of 20% after application of allergen was considered as a positive provocation. This procedure seems to give too many false positive results. A new method to evaluate the rhinomanometric results was elaborated. PMID- 7251411 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and cataracts. PMID- 7251406 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of Wegener's granulomatosis. Demonstrated at 18 own cases (author's transl)]. AB - Wegener's Granulomatosis is a rare disease of unknown etiology, becoming more and more of interest. 18 patients with histologically confirmed Wegener's Granulomatosis are described in this report. In majority the first symptoms were found in the upper respiratory tract. In 80% the biopsy ensuring the diagnosis was made by the otorlaryngologist. Early treatment with cyclophosphamide in combination with corticosteroids can improve the prognosis of this generally lethal disease. PMID- 7251412 TI - Pleural aspergillosis treated with intrapleural amphotericin B: report of case. PMID- 7251410 TI - Roentgenologic changes in meconium aspiration syndrome: review and report of case. PMID- 7251413 TI - Intra-appendiceal foreign body: report of case and review of the literature. PMID- 7251414 TI - Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection syndrome: report of case and review of the literature. PMID- 7251415 TI - Soft-tissue reactions following irradiation of primary brain and pituitary tumors. PMID- 7251409 TI - Immunization practices and controversies 1981: Part 1-The "big seven" vaccines. PMID- 7251416 TI - Radiation pneumonitis following large single dose irradiation: a re-evaluation based on absolute dose to lung. PMID- 7251417 TI - Anatomical prognostic factors after abdominal perineal resection. PMID- 7251419 TI - Combined modality of 2-formylpyridine monothiosemicarbazonato copper(II) and radiation. PMID- 7251421 TI - Sequential hemi-body irradiation (HBI) in treatment of advanced neuroblastoma: a pilot study. PMID- 7251420 TI - Radiation therapy of 9L rat brain tumors. PMID- 7251422 TI - Some factors influencing salivary function when treating with radiotherapy. PMID- 7251418 TI - A technique for measuring carbon monoxide uptake in mice. PMID- 7251424 TI - Dosimetric consequences of asymmetric positioning of active source in 137 Cs and 226Ra intracavitary tubes. PMID- 7251425 TI - A simple test tool for checking the correspondence of the light beam and radiation field. PMID- 7251426 TI - Special issue on psychoanalysis and the social sciences, Part I. PMID- 7251423 TI - The treatment of massive hepatomegaly in stage IV-S neuroblastoma. PMID- 7251427 TI - On the relevance of the social sciences to psychoanalysis. PMID- 7251428 TI - Presidential address: psychoanalytic therapy in a cultural climate of pessimism. PMID- 7251430 TI - A social science approach to the study of dreams. PMID- 7251429 TI - The human agenda: peril and survival. PMID- 7251431 TI - The loss of ideology in the adolescent's search for identity. PMID- 7251432 TI - How psychoanalysis is a science--and how it is not. PMID- 7251433 TI - The Puerto Rican patient: some historical, cultural and psychological aspects. PMID- 7251434 TI - Psychotherapy for the economically disadvantaged: contributions from the social sciences. PMID- 7251435 TI - Observations regarding patients' reactions to the Jonestown Massacre and the Moscone-Milk assassinations. PMID- 7251436 TI - Psychoanalysis, shamanism and cultural phenomena. PMID- 7251437 TI - Motion sickness caused by rotations about Earth-horizontal and Earth-vertical axes. AB - Rotation at constant angular velocity about the head's Z-axis, with the rotational axis horizontal (barbecue-spit rotation), causes motion sickness and illusory perceptions of bodily movement. To determine whether such rotations about the head's X- and Y-axes cause similar effects, and to test the validity of the mismatch theory of motion sickness, more than 200 tests (using vertical axes as well as horizontal axes) were administered to 14 subjects. Three different visual conditions were also investigated: normal external vision, vision of only the inside walls of the rotating capsule, and eyes closed in the dark. In Earth horizontal rotation, the X- and Y-axis stimuli were found to be equally as effective in provoking sickness as was the original Z-axis stimulus, and a comparable loss of perception of gravity occurred for all three stimuli. The horizontal axis stimuli were found to be very effective in producing sickness in all the three visual conditions, but the external vision condition was significantly less effective than the other two conditions. The findings were generally inconsistent with the mismatch theory. PMID- 7251438 TI - Temperature regulation in the dog in helium-oxygen environments. AB - Helium-oxygen mixtures have been reported to alter thermoregulation in humans and animals because of convective heat transfer differences between a helium-oxygen and a nitrogen-oxygen environment. Thermoregulation in unrestrained dogs was tested in a chamber at temperatures of 23, 33, and 43 degrees C, in air or 80% helium-20% oxygen (HeO). Respirations in air in these temperatures were 15, 134, and 322 breaths/min, respectively. Heart rates increased with chamber temperature, averaging 69 at 23, 82 at 33, and 103 beats/min at 43 degrees C. In HeO, responses to increasing temperatures differed from air. Respiration was 13 at 23, 49 at 33, and 336 breaths/min at 43 degrees C. Heart rates were 79 at 23, 70 at 33, and 97 at 43 degrees C. Rectal temperatures rose in both atmospheres at 43 degrees C. Shivering occurred in dogs in HeO at 23 degrees C but not in air. Results indicated that the dogs' thermoregulatory responses were markedly different in the two gas mixtures due to convective heat transfer differences, which were especially noticeable when responses in HeO at 33 degrees C were compared to those in air. PMID- 7251439 TI - Blood flow and metabolism during isometric contractions in cat skeletal muscle. AB - The muscle blood flow, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, muscle and blood lactate, muscle ATP, creatinine phosphate, glycogen, and venous pH were measured in the soleus (a slow-twitch muscle) and the medial gastrocnemius (a fast-twitch muscle) of the cat during fatiguing isometric exercise. Five tensions were examined: 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the initial strength of the muscles (tetanic tension of the unfatigued muscle). Contractions were either sustained to fatigue or, for tensions of 10 and 25% initial strength of the soleus muscle, were sustained for 3 min. Analysis of the blood flow and metabolites from these muscles showed that the soleus was heavily dependent on its blood supply, using aerobic metabolism as the predominant pathway, whereas the medial gastrocnemius muscle seemed to use anaerobic metabolism even at low isometric tensions. PMID- 7251440 TI - Reanalysis of the refractory period in exertional asthma. AB - In an effort to determine whether the refractory period in exercise-induced asthma derived from mediator consumption we had seven asthmatic subjects repeatedly perform both exercise and eucapnic hyperventilation at matched minute ventilations under precisely controlled inspired air conditions. We reasoned that, if airway cooling were causing an agent to be released whose depletion resulted in less responsiveness, we should be able to observe this phenomenon irrespective of how cooling was produced. Repetitive exercise at short intervals produced a diminution in the obstructive response that disappeared when the interval between challenges was extended to 2 h. However, the degree of obstruction that occurred after voluntary hyperventilation remained constant irrespective of when the provocations were performed and equaled that seen with the first and last exercise challenge. Because the thermal burdens were identical for each challenge and all time periods, these results are incompatible with mediator depletion and suggest that it may be the secondary sympathoadrenal consequences of repeated exercise that cause the airways to temporarily lose their responsivity. PMID- 7251441 TI - Chronic chlorpromazine administration in rats: effects on ability to work in the heat. AB - To identify and quantitate the effects of chronic chlorpromazine (CPZ) administration on the ability to work in the heat, 2 mg CPZ were administered by intraperitoneal injection daily for 14 days to rats weighing between 250 and 350 g at the time of experimentation. When these animals exercised in the heat (35 degrees C) to hyperthermic exhaustion (Tre = 42.5-43 degrees C), it was demonstrated that their endurance capacity was significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) when compared with saline-treated controls. Increments in rectal temperature while on the treadmill were significantly (P less than 0.02) elevated among th CPZ-treated rats. Exercise on the treadmill to hyperthermic exhaustion resulted in significantly (P less than 0.001) increased circulating levels of lactate and potassium when these were compared in blood samples taken immediately before and after exercise in the heat for both groups, but creatine phosphokinase levels were unaffected. Additionally, lactate levels were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased in the postrun blood samples of CPZ-treated rats when compared with the appropriate saline-treated controls. We concluded from these studies that chronic administration of CPZ in rats reduces their ability to work in the heat. Further, their rate of heat gain while exercising in the heat is increased, and the combined effects of exercise in the heat and CPZ administration exacerbated the effects on the clinical chemical indices of heat exercise injury. PMID- 7251443 TI - Pathophysiology of gas exchange and pulmonary perfusion in pneumococcal lobar pneumonia in dogs. AB - We placed an inoculum of Streptococcus pneumoniae type III into a left lower lobe bronchus of six dogs (group P), and in six other dogs (Group C) a sterile control inoculum was used. Measurements of shunt (Qs/Qt) and venous admixture (Qva/Qt) were made immediately before (day 1) and 48 h after (day 3) inoculation. All dogs in group P had extensive lobar pneumonia confirmed radiologically and at autopsy, whereas Group C had only small sterile lesions at the site of inoculation. In group P, mean Qs/Qt and Qva/Qt increased significantly to 0.15 and 0.21, respectively. Mean lobar Qs/Qt, calculated using blood samples from lobar veins at thoracotomy on day 3, was markedly increased in the pneumonia lobe (0.69) compared with the contralateral lower lobe (0.08), and alveolar ventilation of that lobe approached zero. Perfusion of the infected lobe determined by radioactive microspheres showed a variable and statistically nonsignificant decrease between control and infected states that was not affected by oxygen breathing. In group C there was no change between days 1 and 3 in gas exchange or in distribution of pulmonary perfusion. We conclude that hypoxemia in pneumonia was due to both increased shunt and venous admixture in the infected regions, and that local hypoxic vasoconstriction was in most instances ineffective in directing blood flow away from the consolidated lobe. PMID- 7251442 TI - Reactivity of airway smooth muscles to bronchoactive agents in langur monkeys. PMID- 7251445 TI - Detection of diaphragmatic fatigue in man by phrenic stimulation. AB - Transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) was measured at functional residual capacity (FRC) in four normal seated subjects during supramaximal, supraclavicular transcutaneous stimulation of one phrenic nerve (10, 20, 50, and 100 Hz--0.1 ms duration) before and after diaphragmatic fatigue, produced by breathing through a high alinear inspiratory resistance. Constancy of chest wall configuration was achieved by placing a cast around the abdomen and the lower one-fourth of the rib cage. Pdi increased with frequency of stimulation, so that at 10, 20, and 50 Hz, the Pdi generated was 32 +/- 4 (SE), 70 +/- 3, and 98 +/- 2% of Pdi at 100 Hz, respectively. After diaphragmatic fatigue, Pdi was less than control at all frequencies of stimulation. Recovery for high stimulation frequencies was complete at 10 min, but at low stimulation frequencies recovery was slow: after 30 min of recovery, Pdi at 20 Hz was 31 +/- 7% of the control value. It is concluded that diaphragmatic fatigue can be detected in man by transcutaneous stimulation of the phrenic nerve and that diaphragmatic strength after fatigue recovers faster at high than at low frequencies of stimulation. Furthermore, it is suggested that this long-lasting element of fatigue might occur in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, predisposing them to respiratory failure. PMID- 7251444 TI - Effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on spermatozoan motility driven by mitochondrial respiration. AB - The effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HPO) on ram sperm motility driven by mitochondrial respiration are described. Sperm motility was assessed by a multichannel optical objective technique (Reflectospermiography). Motility was simultaneously measured from four semen sample at various pH levels in room air atmosphere and compared with four other samples exposed to various high oxygen (100%) levels 1, 3, 5, and 7 atmospheres absolute (ATA). Two main effects were observed under HPO oxygen: 1) shortening of motility durations, and 2) abolishment of motility regulation by pH. These effects were found to be attributed to the hyperoxic conditions. Above 3 ATA the effects of HPO with regard to the above-described parameters were considered toxic. Below this pressure level the effect of HPO was found to be moderate. The exposure of sperm cells to HPO (7 ATA) did not cause morphological alterations. Also, exposure of seminal plasma to HPO (7 ATA) for 150 min did not cause any toxic effects when added to washed spermatozoa. The ram semen preparation seems to provide a useful model for studying the mechanisms underlying HPO effects. PMID- 7251446 TI - Effect of severe hypoxia on the pulmonary vascular response to vasoconstrictor agents. AB - When isolated blood-perfused pig lungs are exposed to inspired O2 tensions (PIO2) below 30 Torr, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is transient. To determine whether this transience is caused by a decrease in the amount of ATP available for maintenance of smooth muscle contraction, we compared normoxic (PIO2 = 100 Torr) and hypoxic (PIO2 = 10 Torr) dose-response curves to infusions of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), angiotensin II (AII), and potassium chloride (KCl). Hypoxia caused reversible depression of the responses to PGF2 alpha and AII but had no effect on the response to KCl. Because during hypoxia the lung was capable of an undiminished vasoconstrictor response to at least one agent, it seems unlikely that the supply of ATP available for contraction was limiting. The mechanism for the transience of the vasoconstrictor response to low PO2 values and the depression of the response to AII and PGF2 alpha remains unknown, but could involve depression of ATP production sufficient to limit some energy requiring process other than contraction or release of a vasodilator. PMID- 7251447 TI - Inhalation patterns and predominant site of bronchoconstriction in healthy subjects. AB - To determine the relationship between changes in density dependence of maximal expiratory flow and changes in the predominant site of bronchoconstriction, we altered the pattern of inhalation of a methacholine aerosol to achieve deposition either centrally (by short choppy breaths) or peripherally (by slow deep breaths). Partial expiratory flow volume curves on air and on 80% helium-20% oxygen (HeO2) were recorded in six healthy subjects before and after each pattern of methacholine inhalation. We varied concentrations of methacholine and number of inhalations to achieve equivalent degrees of bronchoconstriction as assessed by decreases in maximal flow (Vmax) on air, which fell 27% from control values. Vmax on HeO2 also fell after both inhalation patterns. Density dependence (Vmax on HeO2 divided by Vmax on air) decreased following slow deep breaths of bronchoconstrictor aerosol, and increased following short choppy breaths. In three subjects, inhalation of radiolabeled methacholine aerosol confirmed that the slow deep pattern was associated with a diffuse, more peripheral deposition, whereas the short choppy pattern led to central deposition. We conclude that changes in density dependence reflect the predominant site of obstruction after acute methacholine aerosol challenge in healthy subjects. PMID- 7251448 TI - Relative responses of aortic body and carotid body chemoreceptors to carboxyhemoglobinemia. AB - The effects of carbon monoxide inhalation and of consequent carboxyhemoglobinemia (HbCO) on the discharge rates of aortic body and carotid body chemoreceptor afferents were investigated in 18 anesthetized cats. In 10 experiments both aortic and carotid chemoreceptor activities were monitored simultaneously. Carbon monoxide inhalation during normoxia always stimulated aortic chemoreceptors before carotid chemoreceptors, and the steady-state response of aortic chemoreceptors to HbCO was greater than that of most carotid chemoreceptors. Only 2 of the 18 carotid chemoreceptor fibers tested showed a distinct increase in activity in response to moderate increases in HbCO%. Thus, oxyhemoglobin contributed substantially to maintain tissue PO2 of all aortic chemoreceptors and of a few carotid chemoreceptors. Hyperoxia diminished the response of both aortic and carotid chemoreceptors to HbCO, indicating a lowered tissue PO2 as the stimulus source. We hypothesize that the aortic bodies have a much lower perfusion relative to their O2 utilization compared to the carotid bodies. As a consequence, the aortic chemoreceptors are able to act as a sensitive monitor of O2 delivery and to generate a circulatory chemoreflex for O2 homeostasis. carotid chemoreceptors monitor O2 tension and initiate strong reflex effects on the level of ventilation. PMID- 7251449 TI - Comparison of airway closure measured in vivo and from single-breath washout curve. AB - The volume of air trapped (Vat) in alveoli subtended by airways closed at residual volume (RV) was correlated with the volume of air left in the lungs at the start of airway closure (CC) in a clinical study of 13 patients with a variety of pulmonary disorders and 5 normal subjects. Vat was quantitated at RV from the in vivo distribution differences between 127Xe inspired as a bolus and again after equilibrium; CC was measured from the inflection point on the single breath washout curve at the onset of phase IV. 127Xe activity was measured with a scintillation camera, and activity profiles were obtained for 28-45 consecutive 6.5-mm horizontal lung slices between base and apex. Three well-defined regions were found: A, in the upper lung, all of whose airways remained completely open; B, located above the base and containing both open and closed airways; and C, above the base, all of whose airways were closed. Of the Vat of 0.43 liter for the normals, 41% was located in region C. For the patients, the values were 59% of 0.59 liter. The relationship between the onset of phase IV and regional airway closure was confirmed for normals as well as patients. A statistically significant increase in closure was found for the patients over the normals. Excellent agreement was obtained between Vat/TLC (total lung capacity) and CC/TLC (r = 0.79, P less than 0.001) for normals as well as patients, and CC appears to reflect regional airway closure in both health and disease. Similar excellent agreement was obtained for the normals between lung height with closed airways and CC/TLC (r = 0.88, P less than 0.001). Vat appears to be the most important physiological determinant of phase IV, the value at RV representing the limiting case. PMID- 7251450 TI - Blood volume and plasma protein responses to heat acclimatization in humans. AB - The effects of heat acclimatization on intravascular volume and protein responses to acute heat stress and exercise were studied in six male subjects. Absolute values for hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were lower after, than before, acclimatization, indicating hemodilution. Also, after acclimatization, the magnitude of the hemoconcentration response to exercise in the heat was significantly increased. There ws no change in the concentration of plasma protein during or after acclimatization compared with before acclimatization, but there was a net increase in the total intravascular protein content. It is suggested that the hemodilution associated with heat acclimatization may be explained in terms of an increase in the intravascular oncotic pressure following an exercise-induced augmentation of protein, occurring at the expense of the interstitial compartment. It is concluded that this hemodilution is unlikely to be primarily responsible for the cardiovascular adjustment accompanying heat acclimatization and that it should be regarded as a secondary feature of adaptation to heat. PMID- 7251453 TI - Breathing at low lung volumes and chest strapping: a comparison of lung mechanics. AB - In six normal subjects forced expiratory flow rates increased progressively with increasing degrees of chest strapping. In nine normal subjects forced expiratory flow rates increased with the time spent breathing with expiratory reserve volume 0.5 liters above residual volume, the increase being significant by 30 s (P less than 0.01), and flow rates were still increasing at 2 min, the longest time the subjects could breathe at this lung volume. The increase in flow after low lung volume breathing (LLVB) was similar to that produced by strapping. The effect of LLVB was diminished by the inhalation of the atropinelike drug ipratropium. Quasistatic recoil pressures were higher following strapping and LLVB than on partial or maximal expiration, but the rise in recoil pressure was insufficient to account for all the observed increased in maximum flow. We suggest that the effects of chest strapping are due to LLVB and that both cause bronchodilatation. PMID- 7251454 TI - Correction for nonlinearity of body flow plethysmograph. AB - A modification of conventional signal processing for the pressure-compensated flow plethysmograph is proposed to correct the nonlinearity of the flow element that appears for high flows as encountered during forced expiration. Woven screens behave as porous media with a viscous and an inertial component in the resistance; this explains the nonlinearity (23% at 15.1.s-1 with a 400-mesh wire screen area = 50 cm2). It was shown that the pressure drop-flow relationship can be described by a second-degree equation, which can be included in the computation of the thoracic signal from the box pressure. The need for such a correction is evidenced by testing the plethysmograph with a flow step input (0 15 l.s-1) equivalent both in amplitude and in frequency to the thoracic flow during a forced expiration. Such correction for nonlinearity avoids an overestimation of the thoracic forced vital capacity of up to 0.5 liter in normal subjects. PMID- 7251455 TI - A piston pump for respiration simulation. PMID- 7251452 TI - Left ventricular function and volume during supine exercise in subjects with coronary artery disease. AB - Left ventricular function and volume changes during supine isotonic exercise were assessed in 32 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 12 normal subjects by electrocardiographically gated blood pool cardiac scintigraphy. Ejection fraction (EF) in normal subjects was 49 +/- 10% at rest, 54 +/- 10% during intermediate exercise (P less than 0.05 vs. rest), and 62 +/- 14% during maximal exercise (P less than 0.01 vs. rest). In patients with CAD the resting EF was 42 +/- 14%, 43 +/- 23% at intermediate exercise (P = nonsignificant vs. rest) and 36 +/- 11% at maximal exercise (P less than 0.01 vs. rest). Changes of average and maximal ejection rates from rest to exercise were similar to those of EF but had a lesser degree of statistical significance. End-diastolic volume index (EDVI) in patients with CAD, at intermediate exercise was equal to that at rest, but it increased during maximal exercise (P less than 0.01). In normal subjects EDVI did not change with exercise. Thus, during supine exercise the Frank-Starling mechanism is apparent in patients with CAD but not in normal subjects. Analysis of EF response to exercise is a highly sensitive technique to detect CAD provided that adequate exercise is achieved. PMID- 7251451 TI - Regional differences in airway surface liquid composition. AB - Liquid from canine airway surfaces was absorbed onto filter paper strips and analyzed. In resting conditions, tracheal surface liquid was hyperosmolal (330 mosmol/kg H2O) compared to plasma with raised Na+ (158 meq/l), Cl- (134 meq/l), K+ (28 meq/l), and HCO3- (32 meq/l) concentrations. The volume collected was increased by repetitive sampling, a response blocked by atropine, or by methacholine injection. Compared to nose breathing, tracheal surface liquid osmolality was increased by 10 min of mouth breathing (410 mosmol/kg H2O). Surface liquid from 0.5-cm diameter bronchi was nearly isosmolal (304 mosmol/kg H2O) with plasma in resting conditions, with Na and Cl concentrations lower than plasma (120 and 106 meq/l, respectively), and K+ (52 meq/l), and HCO3- (50 meq/l) concentrations higher than those of plasma or tracheal liquid. Although the K+ in tracheal fluid approaches the value for electrochemical equilibrium, K+ in fluid from the bronchi and HCO3- in both regions cannot be accounted for by passive forces. The regional difference in osmolality supports the concept that the higher osmolality of tracheal liquid reflects evaporative water loss from this site. The transepithelial osmotic gradient generated by evaporative water loss may be a driving force for hydration of the tracheal surface. PMID- 7251457 TI - A new method for computer-assisted determination of airways resistance. AB - Conventional methods for determining airways resistance, based on the recording of pressure and flow as X-Y displays, may yield inconsistent results because airways resistance is only one of a number of factors determining the shape of such displays. The temporal behavior of alveolar pressure and flow during panting suggests that the relationship between pressure and flow should be formulated in terms of differential equations. An equation is postulated to include terms characterizing resistance, gas inertance, and the behavior of the lungs as a number of parallel compartments with time constants that may be different. A simple algorithm allows these terms to be deduced from measured pressure and flow signals. Measurements obtained using the new method correlate well with those obtained using conventional methods. Variation of specific airways conductance is significantly reduced when compared with values obtained by conventional methods. Measured values for inertance agree well with theoretically predicted values. PMID- 7251456 TI - Sequential analysis of the bronchoalveolar milieu in conscious sheep. AB - A conscious sheep model was developed to study sequentially the alveolar milieu by respiratory physiological measurements, transbronchial lung biopsy, and bronchoalveolar lavage. The former included all lung volumes, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange measurements. For all these measurements, intraindividual variations were similar to those reported in humans or anesthetized primates. They were not significantly altered by the repetition of each procedure of the study. Transbronchial lung biopsy specimens were adequate in 80% of cases and yielded 100 alveoli and more in 75% of specimens (mean alveolar count = 690; bronchioles = 4.1; vessels = 3.2). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) yielded a 60% effluent and a mean of over 9 X 10(6) cells in each of the three sets of measurements. BAL was found to induce a mild transient hypoxemia that was completely resolved within 2 h. Cellular and biochemical analyses of BAL effluent in the three series done at 2-wk intervals did not change significantly. It is concluded that the procedures repeated on the conscious sheep model at 2-wk intervals do not influence the respiratory physiological measurements, lung histopathology, or the BAL analyses. PMID- 7251459 TI - The teeth in continuing education. PMID- 7251460 TI - Triple osteotomy of the pelvis. PMID- 7251458 TI - Modification of the Monark bicycle ergometer for underwater exercise. AB - A standard Monark bicycle ergometer was modified for underwater exercise by removal of the friction belt and attachment of one to six metal fins to the flywheel. Three fins could be fastened to either side of the flywheel. The fins used on the left side of the wheel were made of standard perforated angle iron with the perpendicular side measuring 38 mm; those on the right side were made from the same length of nonperforated angle iron but with a perpendicular side of only 26 mm. Net surface area of the two types of fins (excluding area of perforation) was the same. Oxygen uptake (VO2) was found to be: VO2 = a(rpm)b + 0.25, 1.min-1, with a = 0.00164 -- 0.00104n + 0.000266n2 -- 0.00002n3; b = 1.64 + 0.506n -- 0.104n2 + 0.00667n3, when n is the number of fins. The correlation coefficient (r) between measured and predicted VO2 was r = 0.98. The preferable range of pedaling speeds was 29-40 rpm to maintain a constant speed for up to 1 h. Major advantages of this modified ergometer for underwater exercise are 1) the modification is simple and the same ergometer can be used for land exercise, 2) the ergometer can be biologically calibrated and used for a wide range of exercise oxygen uptakes, and 3) subjects can perform for a proportionally longer time period than other modifications of the same ergometer. PMID- 7251461 TI - Echocardiographic features of pericardial effusion in dogs. AB - In a review of case records of pericardial effusion in dogs, detected by means of M-mode echocardiography, echocardiographic findings were similar to those described for other species. In each of 3 cases analyzed, the abnormalities were echo-free separation of the visceral and parietal pericardium, dampening of parietal pericardial motion, exaggerated or paradoxic motion of intracardiac structures, and thickened epicardial echos. Echocardiographic changes compatible with constriction of the pericardium were found in one case. PMID- 7251462 TI - Multiple cardiac anomalies in a family of Saluki dogs. AB - Clinical studies of a family of Saluki dogs demonstrated a spectrum of cardiac malformations, which ranged from mild thickening of a pulmonic valve leaflet to a complex condition composed of tricuspid valve insufficiency, pulmonic stenosis, patent ductus arteriosus, and mitral valve insufficiency. All affected dogs had patent ductus arteriosus or ductus diverticulum, which is an incomplete or atypical form of patent ductus arteriosus. The clinical findings varied with the type of cardiac lesion(s) found. Pedigree evaluation suggested a genetic cause, though environmental factors could not be excluded. PMID- 7251463 TI - Low milk production associated with transient environmental voltage. PMID- 7251464 TI - Radiographic differentiation of polled and dehorned cattle. PMID- 7251465 TI - Clinical and structural features of equine enteroliths. AB - Enteroliths were obtained by laparotomy or necropsy of 11 horses, and a collection of smaller concretions was found on pasture. Following analysis by energy-dispersion x-ray analysis and x-ray diffraction, they were found to consist primarily of ammonium magnesium phosphate. Several minor elements were detected, including titanium in some concretions. From a farm with a history of enterolith obstructions, the well water contained a high proportion of magnesium in relation to the other cations. PMID- 7251466 TI - Clinical pharmacology of amphotericin B. PMID- 7251467 TI - Malioxamycin, a new antibiotic with spheroplast-forming activity. II. Structural elucidation and total synthesis. AB - Malioxamycin (1) is a new antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lydicus No. 15748. The structure of malioxamycin has been determined by nmr and mass spectra to possess a hydroxamic acid bond between L-valine and D-malic acid. This structure was confirmed by total synthesis of the antibiotic with (R)-aminooxysuccinic acid and the active ester of L-valine. PMID- 7251469 TI - Synthesis of demethyl derivatives of istamycin A. AB - 4-N,6'-N,3-O-Tridemethylistamycin A0 (9) and 6'N,3-O-didemethylistamycin A0 (15) were synthesized from 3,2',6'-tri-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-3',4'-dideoxyneamine 1,6 carbamate (1) through an aziridine derivative 6 by an analogous procedure employed in the total synthesis of istamycin A0 (19). Acylation of 15 with glycine at the 4-methylamino group gave 6'-N,3-O-didemethylistamycin A (18) having interesting activities especially against pseudomonas, but 4-N,6'-N,3-O tridemethylistamycin A (12) derived from 9 showed only weak activity. Therefore, the 4-N-methyl group of istamycin A (20) is essential for the antimicrobial activity. PMID- 7251468 TI - A new antibiotic K-82 A and minor components, produced by Streptomyces lavendulae, strain No. K-82. AB - From the results of taxonomic studies, Streptomyces sp. strain No. K-82 isolated from a soil sample collected in Kumamoto city, was identified as a strain belonging to Streptomyces lavendulae WAKSMAN & HENRICI 1948. The strain produced an active new antibiotic called K-82 A and minor components named the B complex. Antibiotic K-82 A was isolated as dark reddish needles by silica gel column chromatography and found to have both antibacterial activity and high phage induction activity. The K-82 B complex was found to consist of at least five components, among which K-82 B2 and B3 were isolated as crystals. Substances K-82 B2 was identified as benzoic acid from its physicochemical properties. Substance B3 like B2 had only marginal antibiotic activity. PMID- 7251470 TI - Chemical modification of fortimicin A. AB - Chlorination of antibiotic fortimicin A with triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrachloride has been attempted, and 2-chloro-, 2,5-dichloro-, and 2-chloro-4 ene derivatives have been obtained. Successive dehalogenation of the chlorinated fortimicins A with tributylstannane gave the corresponding deoxyfortimicins A. Among five deoxyfortimicins A, 2-deoxyfortimicin A exhibits improved antimicrobial activity, compared to the parent fortimicin A. PMID- 7251471 TI - Physico-chemical properties of new acyl derivatives of tylosin produced by microbial transformation. AB - By microbial transformation of tylosin (I), the following eight new acyl derivatives were obtained: 3-acetyltylosin (II), 3-propionyltylosin (III), 4" butyryltylosin (IV), 4"-isovaleryltylosin (V), 3-acetyl-4"-butyryltylosin (VI), 3 acetyl-4"-isovaleryltylosin (VII), 3-propionyl-4"-butyryltylosin (VIII) and 3 propionyl-4"-isovaleryltylosin (IX). PMID- 7251472 TI - Biological properties of new acyl derivatives of tylosin. AB - The antibacterial activity of acyl derivatives of tylosin were examined in vitro and in vivo. The 4"-acyl group in the acylated tylosins enhanced the antibacterial activity and antimycoplasmal activity against some macrolide resistant strains. The orally administered 3-acetyl-4" -isovaleryltylosin produced a higher blood level in mice and rabbits than tylosin and a good therapeutic effect on the infection of Staphylococcus aureus Smith in mice. PMID- 7251473 TI - Biosynthesis of the boron-containing antibiotic aplasmomycin. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of aplasmomycin and desboroaplasmomycin. AB - The 360 MHz 1H NMR spectra of the boron-containing macrolide antibiotic Aplasmomycin and of desboroaplasmomycin were analyzed to extract most of the parameters revealing the conformations of these compounds in CDCl3 solution. It was found than the conformation of aplasmomycin in CDCl3 solution is identical to that in the solid state and that removal of the boron atom from aplasmomycin results only in a slight conformational change of the molecule in CDCl3. All resonances observed in the 13C NMR spectrum of the antibiotic have been assigned on the basis of chemical shift theory, multiplicity analyses, single frequency proton decoupling experiments, comparison with several derivatives and model compounds, specific deuteration experiments, and analysis of one-bond carbon carbon couplings of pairs of carbon atoms. PMID- 7251474 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, CN 92,982. AB - A new broad spectrum semisynthetic cephalosporin (CN-92,982) was prepared from the condensation of an acetylaminoacylaminophenyl pyridone with trans-7-[(D-2 phenylglycyl) amino]-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]methyl]-delta 3-cephem-4 carboxylic acid. The new cephalosporin displayed an in vitro antibacterial spectrum similar to other cephaloglycine types such as cefoperazone and SM-1652. The compound produced a high and prolonged blood level following a single intramuscular dose in a dog. PMID- 7251475 TI - Penicillin-binding proteins in Streptomyces cacaoi and Streptomyces clavuligerus. Kinetics of [13C]benzylpenicillin binding, temperature sensitivity and release of [14C]benzylpenicillin from the complex. AB - On the membrane-bound penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) of Streptomyces cacaoi and S. clavuligerus, the kinetics of [14C]benzylpenicillin binding, the temperature sensitivity, the release of [14C]benzylpenicillin from the [14C]benzylpenicillin-PBP complexes and the changes of the PBP patterns during the growth cycle were examined. All the PBP in both strains, especially PBP in S. clavuligerus, had very low affinity for benzylpenicillin, comparing with other bacteria. As for the temperature sensitivity of the binding ability, all the PBP in S. cacaoi were highly sensitive to heat, while PBP-3 in S. clavuligerus retained the binding activity after incubation at 60 degrees C for 10 minutes. The release of [14C]benzylpenicillin from the complexes with PBP-1, PBP-2 in S. cacaoi and PBP-3 in S. clavuligerus was relatively fast initially. However, this soon reached a plateau and the complexes retained [14C]benzylpenicillin even after prolonged incubation. During the growth cycle, the PBP patterns in S. cacaoi did not change significantly. However, in S. clavuligerus, a band of molecular weight of about 120,000 daltons was observed only in the membrane fraction of early log phase, and PBP-1 (Mr=83,000) and PBP-2 (Mr=79,000) appeared only slightly in this phase. PMID- 7251476 TI - Metabolites of Fusarium solani related to dihydrofusarubin. PMID- 7251477 TI - Chemistry of the gentamicins. III. A comment of the structure of gentamicin A. PMID- 7251478 TI - Comparative study of the effects of sagamicin, 1 N-HABA-sagamicin, UK-4, Sch 21420, gentamicin and amikacin on the respiration activity of isolated rat kidney mitochondria. PMID- 7251479 TI - Carpetimycins A and B, new beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 7251482 TI - A35512, a complex of new antibacterial antibiotics produced by Streptomyces candidus. I. Isolation and characterization. AB - The new antibiotic complex A35512 produced by Streptomyces candidus was isolated from the filtered fermentation broth. The individual factors A, B, C, E, and H were separated and purified by column chromatography. A35512B, the major factor, was isolated as the dihydrochloride salt, a white crystalline compound with an approximate empirical formula of C90H101 N8O39Cl.2HCl. The A35512 antibiotics belong to the glycopeptide class of antibiotics and possess high in vitro and in vivo activity against Gram-positive bacteria. PMID- 7251480 TI - The isolation and characterization of the new antibiotic U-60,394. PMID- 7251481 TI - Virantmycin, a potent antiviral antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces. PMID- 7251483 TI - [Pyknodysostosis associated with polydysplastic epidermolysis bullosa]. PMID- 7251484 TI - A35512, a complex of new antibacterial antibiotics produced by Streptomyces candidus. II. Chemical studies on A35512B. AB - The glycopeptide antibiotic A35512B was isolated from Streptomyces candidus NRRL 8156 as the major active factor. Chemical degradation studies showed that mild hydrolysis resulted in the release, one molecule each, of four neutral sugars: rhamnose, fucose, glucose and mannose, as well as the liberation of a complex peptide core which retained all the amino acids and from which 3-amino-2,3,6 trideoxy-3-C-methyl-L-xylo-hexopyranose, a new amino sugar, was isolated (2). Oxidative degradation of A35512B resulted in the isolation of a chlorodiphenylether (5), dimethyl 4-methoxyisophthalate (7) and methyl 3,5-bis-(4 methoxycarbonylphenoxy(-4-methoxybenzoate (6). The structure of 5 could not be conclusively elucidated but was shown to be either 5-chloro-2',3-dimethoxy-2,5' dicarbomethoxy diphenylether (5a) or 2-chloro-2',3-dimethoxy-5,5'-dicarbomethoxy diphenylether (5b) by physical methods. This halogenated fragment was shown to arise from oxidation of constituent amino acid (10) which has the aromatic substitution pattern of fragment (5a or 5b). Base hydrolysis resulted in the isolation of a phenanthridine (9) which arose from 2',4,6-trihydroxybiphenyl-2,5' diyldiglycine. These chemical degradation studies on A35512B showed that this antibiotic is closely related to the ristocetin class of antibiotics. PMID- 7251485 TI - Microbial products. IV. X-14847, a new aminoglycoside from Micromonospora echinospora. AB - Micromonospora echinospora strain X-14847 produces gentamicin A as the major antibiotic together with a new aminoglycoside, termed X-14847, and identified as a 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl myo-inositol. This report describes the taxonomy of the culture, fermentation conditions, the isolation and the identification of X-14847. PMID- 7251486 TI - Antibiotic no. 6016, a polyether antibiotic. AB - A new polyether antibiotic, No. 6016, was isolated from the culture of Streptomyces albus strain No. 6016. The antibiotic was obtained as colorless prisms having a molecular formula of C46H77O16Na, m.p. 192 approximately 195 degrees C (dec.), and has only end absorption in ultraviolet region. The infrared and NMR spectra of the antibiotic suggest the presence of carbonyl and methoxyl groups. The antibiotic No. 6016 exhibits activity against Gram-positive bacteria including mycobacteria and is effective in the treatment of coccidiosis of fowl. PMID- 7251488 TI - Dnacins, new antibiotics II. Isolation and characterization. AB - Dnacins A1 and B1, new basic antibiotics with strong and broad antibacterial activities, were isolated as dark red or reddish brown needles from the culture broth of Nocardia sp. No. C-14482. The characteristic absorption maxima at 213 nm, 281 or 283 nm and 496 nm in the UV and visible range and other physicochemical properties indicated that dnacins A1 and B1 are novel antibiotics which belong to the group having aminobenzoquinone moieties. PMID- 7251487 TI - Dnacins, new antibiotics. I. Producing organism, fermentation, and antimicrobial activities. AB - Dnacins are new antibiotics produced by an actinomycete, strain No. C-14482 (N 1001). The characteristic features of the organism are: the formation of coremia on solid media, production of rod-shaped motile spores with peritrichous flagella from mature aerial mycella, fragmentation of the mature organism (at later stage of growth) in liquid media in which some fragmented elements have motility, lysozyme resistance, meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall, and a guanine cytosine content of 71 +/- 1 mol%. The organism has been designated as Nocardia sp. No. C-14482 (N-1001). Dnacins show strong activity against various GRam negative, Gram-positive, and acid-fast bacteria, but slight activity against fungi. The antibiotics hardly affect the growth of Escherichia coli K-12 under anaerobic condition even at concentrations more than five times that of the minimum inhibitory concentrations under aerobic conditions. PMID- 7251489 TI - New anthracycline antibiotics produced by interspecific recombinants of streptomycetes. III. Isolation and structure of iremycin. AB - The structure of the anthracycline antibiotic iremycin isolated from Streptomyces violaceus subspecies iremyceticus has been elucidated as 10-(alpha-L rhodosaminyl)-gamma-rhodomycinone (I) on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical reactions. PMID- 7251490 TI - Studies on new aminoglycoside antibiotics, istamycins, from an actinomycete isolated from a marine environment. I. The use of plasmid profiles in screening antibiotic-producing streptomycetes. AB - Plasmid profiles were used to screen streptomycetes for production of new antibiotics. Among about 100 strains isolated from sea muds, an isolate designated SS-939 was revealed to harbor several plasmids of different sizes, and to produce istamycins, new aminoglycoside antibiotics. Based on the characteristics of the strain, a new Streptomyces species is proposed: S. tenjimariensis. PMID- 7251491 TI - Studies on new aminoglycoside antibiotics, istamycins, from an actinomycete isolated from a marine environment. II. Possible involvement of plasmid in istamycin production. AB - Acriflavine treatment of an istamycin-producing Streptomyces tenjimariensis strain designated SS-939 resulted in a high frequency of isolates with reduced istamycin production. Some of these were shown to have lost a particular plasmid present in the parent strain. Istamycin production by these isolates was largely restored by the addition of 2-deoxystreptamine (DOS) to the medium whereas the effect of DOS was small in the strain SS-939. Sodium palmitate also stimulated production, especially when added together with DOS. These stimulative effects by DOS and palmitate, however, were not exhibited in the presence of glucose (1.0%). PMID- 7251492 TI - The structure of siomycin-D1, peptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces sioyaensis. PMID- 7251493 TI - Stimulation of the production of macrolide antibiotics by magnesium phosphate and related insoluble materials. PMID- 7251494 TI - Hybrid biosynthesis and absolute configuration of macrolide antibiotic M-4365 G1. PMID- 7251495 TI - New cyclitols, degradation of validamycin A by Flavobacterium saccharophilum. PMID- 7251496 TI - Synthesis of the 3-O-demethyl and 2"-N-formimidoyl derivatives of istamycin B. PMID- 7251497 TI - Ebelactone, an inhibitor of esterase, produced by actinomycetes. PMID- 7251499 TI - Syntheses of 1-N-(2-aminoethoxycarbonyl)kanamycin A and 1-N-(3 aminopropoxycarbonyl)kanamycin A. PMID- 7251498 TI - Isolation of alpha-aminoacyl arginines in screening of aminopeptidase B inhibitors. PMID- 7251500 TI - Binding of aminocyclitol antibiotics to kidney and intestinal brush border membranes. AB - Binding of aminocyclitol antibiotics to intestinal and kidney brush border membranes has been studied in vitro by means of vesicular preparations. The binding is rapid, reversible, specific, saturable and has a high affinity. To both tissues, gentamicin and sisomicin bind to a single binding site or receptor. These antibiotics demonstrate increased binding under conditions of increasing pH. Membrane binding disappears when the vesicle proteins are denatured with TCA. A significant reduction in aminocyclitol binding after treatment of vesicles with papain indicates that a portion of the binding receptor protein is exposed to the outer surface of the brush border membrane. The accumulated evidence suggests that the nature of the binding mechanism is not a simple electrostatic interaction between the antibiotic's charged amino groups and the polyanions of the membrane. Alternatively, a specific membrane structure is required for binding whose characteristics reflect a drug-receptor interaction. Receptor binding is characterized as being saturable, reversible, and specific; all of which have been demonstrated for aminocyclitols and brush border membranes. PMID- 7251501 TI - Isolation and identification of chloramphenicol from the moon snail, Lunatia heros. PMID- 7251502 TI - The structure of roflamycoin, a new polyene macrolide antifungal antibiotic. PMID- 7251503 TI - Structures of siomycin-B and -C and thiostrepton-B determined by NMR spectroscopy and carbon-13 signal assignments of siomycins, thiostreptons, and thiopeptin-B. PMID- 7251504 TI - Biosynthetic pathway of 2-deoxystreptamine. AB - Four 2-deoxystreptamine (DOS) related compounds including S-11-P, isolated as an intermediate of DOS biosynthesis, were supplemented to the culture of a DOS- mutant of Bacillus circulans. Among the tested aminocyclitol compounds, S-11-P alone was converted to DOS. Addition of other aminocyclitols neither produced antibiotic nor inhibited the incorporation of S-11-P and DOS into butirosins. By these facts, S-11-P was confirmed clearly to be an intermediate of DOS biosynthesis. PMID- 7251505 TI - 252Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry of adenomycin (C19-97 substance). PMID- 7251506 TI - Esters and amides of edeine A. AB - Methods for the synthesis of esters and amides of edeine A were developed and a number of derivatives of this type was obtained and characterized. The antimicrobial activities of the derivatives are comparable to the activity of the native antibiotic and indicate that the presence of free carboxyl group in edeine is not essential for its biological assay. PMID- 7251507 TI - Chemical modifications in the tetracycline series. AB - New tetracycline analogs modified at position 5, 6 and 2 were synthetized. The 5 deoxy-5-oxo-derivatives, 2a and 3a, were obtained by DMSO/acetic anhydride oxidation of doxycycline (2) and methacycline (3), respectively; the 6-demethyl-6 hydroxymethyl-6-alpha-hydroxyoxytetracycline (3b) by methacycline oxidation with the KCIO3/OsO4 system and the 6-hydroxyanhydrooxytetracycline (4) treating 3b with periodic acid. The 2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-decarboxamidodoxycycline (2b), was synthesized by treating doxycycline nitrile (2c) with EtOH and anhydrous HCl, 2 thiocarboxamide-2-decarboxamidodoxycycline (2d) by reaction of doxycycline with P2S5 in dioxane and 2-aminomethyl-2-decarboxamidodoxycycline (2e) by RANEY-Nickel reduction of 2d. All the synthetized compounds proved to be almost inactive on agar plates both on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 7251508 TI - beta-lactam antibiotics derived from nitrogen heterocyclic acetic acids. 2. Cephalosporin derivatives. AB - Three cephalosporin derivatives were prepared from 1,4-dihydro-4-oxypyridine-1 acetic acid. These were the 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) derivative and the compounds with 5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-thiol and 1-methyl-1,2,3,4 tetrazole-5-thiol at C-3 of the cephalosporin nucleus. The antibacterial activity of the 7-ACA derivative was comparable to cephalothin, and that of the other two derivatives was comparable to cefazolin. The 7-ACA derivative, compared to cephalothin, was significantly less metabolized, was less protein bound, and had a longer half life. PMID- 7251509 TI - Aminoglycosides. V. Synthesis of glucopyranoside derivatives of neamine modified in the 2-deoxystreptamine ring. AB - trans-4-Aminocyclohexanol-2'-amino-alpha-D-glucopyranosides were prepared which are derivatives of neamine having the 3-amino and 5 and 6 hydroxyl groups of the 2-deoxystreptamine ring replaced with hydrogen. The 2'-amino-alpha-glycosides were synthesized by the method of LEMIEUX using a chloro nitroso dimer of a glucal and appropriately substituted cyclohexanols. Reductive deblocking of the intermediate 2-oximino derivatives afforded paromamine and neamine analogues. Two examples of 2'-amino-alpha-glycosides with ring-opened variations of the 2 deoxystreptamine aglycone are described. None of the compounds exhibited better in vitro antibacterial activity than neamine when compared against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 7251511 TI - A genetic approach to the biosynthesis of the rifamycin-chromophore in Nocardia mediterranei. IV. Identification of 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid as a direct precursor of the seven-carbon amino starter-unit. AB - 3-Amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid was investigated for its ability to induce rifamycin biosynthesis in an appropriate mutant of Nocardia mediterranei and identified as a direct precursor of the seven-carbon amino starter-unit for the biosynthesis of ansamycins. A model for the biosynthesis of different types of ansamycins is presented and discussed. PMID- 7251510 TI - A genetic approach to the biosynthesis of the rifamycin-chromophore in Nocardia mediterranei. III. Isolation and identification of an early aromatic ansamycin precursor containing the seven-carbon amino starter-unit and three initial acetate/propionate-units of the ansa chain. AB - A number of rifamycin non-producing UV-mutants derived from Nocardia mediterranei strains N813 (rifamycin B producer) and A10 (aro--mutant excreting shikimate derived from strain N813) were found to accumulate an identical complex of aromatic components instead of rifamycin B. The main component of this aromatic complex, product P8/1-OG, was isolated from six of these P--mutant strains and identified spectroscopically as a very early precursor in the biosynthesis of rifamycins. PMID- 7251512 TI - IgE antibodies for penicillins and cephalosporins in rats. I. Characteristics of the IgE antibodies for penicillins and cephalosporins in rats. AB - Rats immunized with sulbenicillin-ovalbumin (SBPC-OvA) in combination with aluminum hydroxide (alum) and thimerosal-killed Bordetella pertussis produced high levels of anti-SBPC antibodies. Anti-SBPC antibodies were first detected on day 8, reaching the maximum titer on day 12 and rapidly declined thereafter. Anti SBPC sera obtained on day 13 were sulfhydryl-labile and heat-labile. The optimal latent period in the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction was 60 approximately 72 hours. These results indicate that anti-SBPC antibodies were IgE antibodies. Sprague-Dawley (SD), Wister and F344 rats were equally productive of anti-SBPC antibodies, while SD rats were more productive of anti-cephaloridine (CER) antibodies than Wister and F344 rats did. In SD rats, the IgE antibodies for penicillin G (PCG), ampicillin (ABPC) and SBPC were more easily produced than the IgE antibodies for CER, cefazolin (CEZ) and cephacetrile (CEC). PMID- 7251513 TI - The role of bestatin, an inhibitor of cell surface proteases, in the interaction of serum with untransformed cells in culture. AB - Bestatin is an inhibitor of cell surface-associated aminopeptidase B and leucine aminopeptidase. This microbial product simulates the role of serum as an activator of uridine uptake in quiescent BHK cells. The compound significantly stimulates the incorporation of labelled thymidine into the acid-insoluble fraction of serum-starved Nil 8 cells in the presence of low concentration of serum. The possible mechanisms of these interactions are discussed. PMID- 7251514 TI - Studies of the mechanism of action of diketocoriolin B to enhance antibody formation. AB - Diketocoriolin B (DKC), at a very low dose (0.1 micrograms/mouse) or in a low concentration (0.01 ng/culture) augmented antibody formation to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in vivo and in vitro. The addition of DKC to spleen cell cultures 24 approximately 48 hours after the start of the culture showed the strongest effect. The stimulatory effect was not influenced by the elimination of macrophages. DKC also augmented antibody formation in T cell-depleted spleen cell cultures and in cultures of spleen cells of athymic mice. The treatment of spleen cells with DKC at 37 degrees C or 4 degrees C for 30 minutes before the start of the culture enhanced antibody formation to SRBC. both treatments of macrophage rich and lymphocyte-rich cells with DKC enhanced antibody formation. PMID- 7251515 TI - Role of bacteriocin during plaque formation by Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus sanguis on a tooth in an artificial mouth. PMID- 7251516 TI - Aeromonas hydrophila: ecology and toxigenicity of isolates from an estuary. PMID- 7251518 TI - Evaluation of virulence test procedures for Yersinia enterocolitica recovered from foods. PMID- 7251517 TI - Preparation and properties of spheroplasts from Aspergillus parasiticus with special reference to the de novo synthesis of aflatoxins. PMID- 7251519 TI - Sensitivity to lysostaphin as a criterion for the identification of staphylococci from animal origin. PMID- 7251520 TI - Characterization of Bacteroides species isolated from soft tissue infections in cats. PMID- 7251521 TI - A study of fatty acids as a taxonomic tool for dermatophyte fungi. PMID- 7251522 TI - Should 'fastidious' organisms alter our approach to the treatment of urinary symptoms? PMID- 7251523 TI - The effect of inoculum, culture medium and antimicrobial combinations on the in vitro susceptibilities of Legionella pneumophila. AB - The in-vitro susceptibility of 14 strains of Legionella pneumophila to 17 anti microbial agents were determined. The most active antibiotics were cefoxitin, erythromycin and doxycycline while the least active were cephalothin, cefamandole and cefazolin. Subculturing, type of medium and duration of incubation did not alter the effect of the antimicrobial agents. A change in the inoculum size, from 10(4) to 10(6) cfu, increased MICs two- to sixfold. Erythromycin was not synergistic with gentamicin, tobramycin or amikacin. PMID- 7251524 TI - Human pharmacokinetics of acyclovir (an antiviral agent) following rapid intravenous injection. PMID- 7251525 TI - Frusemide enhancement of netilmicin nephrotoxicity in dogs. PMID- 7251527 TI - Antipseudomonal activity of beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 7251528 TI - Who knows the cost of antibiotics? PMID- 7251526 TI - Amoxycillin and clavulanic acid in intra-abdominal and pelvic sepsis. PMID- 7251530 TI - Antibiotic tolerance in strains of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7251529 TI - Reduced chloramphenicol-induced damage to DNA. PMID- 7251532 TI - Clinical and laboratory studies with R802, a new synthetic quinolone, in urinary tract infection. PMID- 7251531 TI - The tissue penetration, as measured by a blister technique, and pharmacokinetics of cefsulodin compared with carbenicillin and ticarcillin. PMID- 7251534 TI - Clindamycin in the 1980s. Proceedings of a symposium held at the Royal College of Physicians of London on 30 May 1980. PMID- 7251533 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery for head and neck cancer. Comparative study of short and prolonged administration of carbenicillin. PMID- 7251535 TI - The use of clindamycin in soft tissue infections. PMID- 7251536 TI - HPLC in clinical microbiology laboratories. PMID- 7251537 TI - Human pharmacokinetics and CSF penetration of clavulanic acid. PMID- 7251539 TI - A microtechnique for the determination of antibiotics in muscle. PMID- 7251538 TI - Bactericidal glycopeptide in human amniotic fluid. PMID- 7251540 TI - Penetration of clindamycin into experimental infections with Bacteroides fragilis. PMID- 7251542 TI - Prostatectomy and prophylaxis. PMID- 7251541 TI - 'In-vitro' interaction of cefoxitin with other antimicrobial agents against enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 7251543 TI - Metronidazole in the treatment of gas gangrene following lower limb amputation. PMID- 7251544 TI - Electronic pointer for television micrography. PMID- 7251545 TI - Electronic flash sources and films for plankton photography. PMID- 7251546 TI - Aid to hiring non-technical photo department personnel. PMID- 7251547 TI - Photography of compartmentalized plastic strips, trays, plates and slides used for microculture and serological reactions. PMID- 7251548 TI - Update report on leukotriene C. PMID- 7251549 TI - The psychology of the patient in the hospital: some basic comments. PMID- 7251550 TI - Asthma: The yoga perspective. Part I. The somatopsychic imbalance in asthma: towards a holistic therapy. AB - While the standard physiological and even certain psychological characteristics of asthmatic patients are well known, the current diagnostic and therapeutic approach to asthma remains inadequate, as it neglects certain interrelated somatopsychic factors vital to an optimal diagnostic-therapeutic programme. These include the role of skeletal muscle tension and posture, the role of the 'voluntary' respiratory musculature, especially the diaphragm, as well as anxiety, emotional suppression and excessive self-consciousness, all of which may be precipitants rather than the outcome of the onset of asthma. On the basis of these neglected factors and others, implications for an optimally effective therapy are discussed. The physical medicine or physiotherapeutic, as well as other recent therapeutic approaches, are reviewed and evaluated. It is concluded that all of these therapies are too "specific," and that a more holistic approach is necessary (which is provided in 'Asthma: The Yoga Perspective,' Part II-"Yoga Therapy in the Treatment of Asthma"). PMID- 7251552 TI - Ultrasound in the exploration of liver parenchyma. PMID- 7251551 TI - Psychosomatic group therapy with parents of children with intractable asthma. XIII: The Goldey Family. Part III. PMID- 7251553 TI - Ultrasound of the pancreas. PMID- 7251554 TI - [Echographic examination of the liver in order to evaluate an abnormal scintigram (author's transl)]. PMID- 7251555 TI - [Abscess formations in the peritoneal cavity. Basic echographic features (author's transl)]. PMID- 7251556 TI - [Ultrasonography of the spleen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7251557 TI - [Echography of the kidney after surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7251558 TI - [Ultrasonography of the retroperitoneal space (author's transl)]. PMID- 7251559 TI - Pathologic ultrasound correlation in acute and chronic hepatitis. PMID- 7251562 TI - [Sonography of the gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7251561 TI - [Ultrasound diagnosis of hepatic metastases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7251563 TI - [The contribution of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of abdominal tumors in infants and children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7251560 TI - [Vesicular neoplasm. Specific ultrasonographic vesicular structure or subhepatic mass (author's transl)]. PMID- 7251566 TI - A practical approach to management of lithium concurrent with hyponatremia, diuretic therapy and/or chronic renal failure. AB - Lithium therapy concurrent with hyponatremia, thiazides and possibly other diuretics and/or chronic renal failure has generally been avoided. However, despite greater risk for lithium toxicity, such combinations are feasible with appropriate precautions, especially lower lithium dosage and closer follow-up. Under the right circumstances hyponatremia, diuretics, and/or chronic renal failure are only relative lithium contraindications. PMID- 7251565 TI - Legal restrictions on the use of ECT in California: clinical impact on the incompetent patient. AB - Current laws regulating ECT use in the severely ill, incompetent patient are so cumbersome that many patients who may only respond to ECT are denied the treatment. Several cases are presented that illustrate the inability of the current California law to effectively deal with complex clinical situations and the subsequent social, financial, and personal harm incurred by patients. It is suggested that the decision regarding use of ECT for incompetent patients can be best made through a medical, nonjudicial process, while protecting all the patient's rights--both to be treated as well as from inappropriate treatment. PMID- 7251564 TI - Diagnostic classification of sleep disorders: implications for psychiatric practice. AB - We have applied a diagnostic classification of sleep and arousal disorders (Association of Sleep Disorders Centers - ASDC) to a group of 174 patients in order to assess its usefulness. In our population, there were over twice as many disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS) as there were disorders of excessive sleepiness (DOES). We found that 68.1% of diagnoses in DIMS were psychiatric (particularly affective disorders) and that 37.8% of diagnoses in DOES were either sleep apnea or narcolepsycataplexy. Furthermore, drug/alcohol abuse was much more strongly associated with DIMS, while medical disorders were more often found to be associated with DOES. Since only 58% of our sample could be adequately classified with one diagnosis, we expect that the ASDC nosology will need to evolve further. Nevertheless, the nosology should facilitate comparability and pooling of data across centers. PMID- 7251567 TI - Refractory depression: prediction of non-response by clinical indicators. AB - The prediction of non-response in a well-defined group of 76 inpatients with a major depressive syndrome was made on the basis of clinical data. While agitation, anxiety, presence of delusions and bipolarity were significant factors, previously considered predictors (e.g. endogenous subtype, duration of present episode, number of previous episodes) did not contribute to the successful discrimination of response in this group at three levels: Clear-cut response, partial response and non-response. Since this investigation has carefully controlled for drug withdrawal and washout phases, medical complications and antidepressant drug compliance, the results of earlier studies may need to be reevaluated. PMID- 7251568 TI - The anticholinergic intoxication syndrome: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7251569 TI - Command Hallucinations and self-amputation of the penis and hand during a first psychotic break. AB - An unusual case is presented of a psychotic young man who experienced command auditory hallucinations which directed him to amputate his right hand and distal penis to atone for a "terrible sexual transgression." The existing literature on genital self-mutilation is reviewed as well as some recent work on factors that might be used to predict an episode of self-mutilation. In patients who are felt to be at extremely high risk, careful monitoring and rapid medication schedules might be effective in preventing such an incident. PMID- 7251570 TI - Capgras delusions in a private practice. PMID- 7251571 TI - Tight neckwear and atherosclerotic carotid artery disease. A pathogenic relationship? PMID- 7251572 TI - Purification and characterization of 2-enoyl-CoA reductase of Mycobacterium smegmatis. AB - 2-Enoyl-CoA reductase was purified to homogeneity for the first time from the crude extract of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 26,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. NADH acted as an electron donor for the reduction of 2-enoyl-CoA, while NADPH did not. The Km value for NADH was 21.3 microM. On the other hand, NAD inhibited the reaction for competing against NADH, as the Ki value for NAD was 47 microM. Among the enoyl-CoAs used as substrates, those having C10-C16 were found to be most suitable substrates for the purified reductase in terms of both apparent Km and Vmax values. The enzyme was strongly inhibited, however, when the concentration of the C16-substrate was over 50 microM. The enzyme had almost no activity towards substrates having less than C8. When NAD3H was used as an electron donor to 2-dodecenoyl-CoA in the presence of the purified reductase, only laurate was tritiated as the product. Diacetyl and phenylglyoxal, agents that react specifically with arginine, inactivated the reductase in a time- and concentration-dependent manner during the preincubation. These results suggest that some arginine residues in the reductase protein are involved in the enzyme activity. PMID- 7251573 TI - Selective inhibition of collagen breakdown by proteinase inhibitors in granulation tissue in rats. AB - A rapid breakdown of collagen was found in granulation tissue induced by carrageenin in rats; the half-life of collagen in both growing and resorbing tissues was about 3.5 days, whereas that in non-resorbing tissue was about 7 days. On the other hand, the half-life of noncollagen protein in the growing, resorbing and non-resorbing tissues was about 2-3 days. epsilon-Amino-n-caproic acid n-hexyl ester, an inhibitor of plasmin and trypsin, selectively inhibited collagen breakdown in vivo without affecting the degradation of noncollagen protein or the syntheses of collagen and noncollagen protein in granulation tissues. A similar selective inhibition of collagen breakdown was also found upon treatment with soybean trypsin inhibitor. Collagenase activity was assayed directly in the insoluble 6,000 X g pellet of granulation tissue homogenates. epsilon-Amino-n-caproic acid n-hexyl ester and soybean trypsin inhibitor markedly inhibited the collagen breakdown in granulation tissue pellets in vitro. The results are consistent with those from in vivo experiments and suggest that both the inhibitors indirectly inhibit the collagen breakdown in granulation tissue through the inhibition of a latent collagenase-activating proteinase(s), because none of the inhibitors directly inhibit collagenase. It may be argued, therefore, that a proteinase(s) which activates a latent collagenase plays an important role in the rapid breakdown of collagen in granulation tissues. PMID- 7251574 TI - Affinity chromatography of Streptomyces erythreus trypsin-like enzyme on Japanese quail ovomucoid. AB - For simple, rapid purification of Streptomyces erythreus trypsin-like enzyme (TLE), we examined affinity chromatography with quail ovomucoid (QO) as a ligand of an affinity matrix. We prepared two affinity matrices by the cyanogen bromide method and the oxirane coupling method, and compared their binding efficiencies for TLE using frontal affinity chromatography. The affinity matrix in which QO was immobilized by the cyanogen bromide method showed 30% binding efficiency. However, another matrix, in which QO was immobilized by the oxirane coupling method with the lysine residue of the reactive site blocked by citraconylation, showed 92% binding efficiency. The results suggest that some biologically inactive QO was formed during the coupling reaction by the cyanogen bromide method. When we purified TLE from S. erythreus culture broth by affinity chromatography on QO-Sepharose, TLE was purified about 1,100-fold by affinity chromatography, and was further purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography to homogeneity. The overall yield of TLE activity was higher than 90%. Thus, we were able to greatly improve previous purification procedures. PMID- 7251576 TI - Carbohydrates may play an important role in the interaction between phagocytic vesicles and lysosomes. AB - Agglutination of phagocytic vesicles by plant lectins and lysosomes from guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were examined in vitro. PMNs were allowed to phagocytize paraffin oil emulsion, and phagocytic vesicles were isolated from the cells. First, the vesicles were suspended in isotonic sucrose or lactose with or without lectins, and then they were incubated at 0 degrees C for 20 min and photographed under a phase-contrast microscope. In sucrose, lectins such as Ricinus communis agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin, Phaseolus vulgalis agglutinin P and Ulex europeus agglutinin agglutinated the vesicles, while the vesicles without lectins remained dispersed. Concanavalin A agglutinated the vesicles in lactose solution, but the other lectins did not. These results suggest that the phagocytic vesicles have lectin receptors (carbohydrate moieties) on their cytoplasmic side, as galactosyl-, N-acetyl-galactosaminyl-, mannosyl-, glucosyl-, N-acetylglucosaminyl- and di-N-acetylchitobiose residues. Second, the phagocytic vesicles were incubated with lysosomes. Lysosomes induced agglutination of the vesicles immediately after incubation and this agglutination was inhibited by simultaneous addition of 50 mM mannose, fucose, N-acetylglucosamine, lactose and maltose, and 7 mM N-acetylneuraminic acid and 1.25 mg/ml fetuin. The results show that lysosomes agglutinated the phagocytic vesicles in vitro, and suggest that this interaction is mediated by recognition of the carbohydrate moieties on the vesicles. PMID- 7251575 TI - Inhibition of oxidative hemolysis and lipid peroxidation by mepacrine. AB - Mepacrine at 50 microM completely protected vitamin E-deficient rat erythrocytes from peroxidative hemolysis induced by dialuric acid or reduced glutathione under the standard experimental conditions. Malondialdehyde formation, which precedes the hemolysis, was also inhibited by mepacrine. These effects of mepacrine were observed when it was added after incubating the cells with dialuric acid before the malondialdehyde formation reached 50% of its maximal value. Mepacrine also inhibited NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. The degree of inhibition by mepacrine of lipid peroxidation and hemolysis was dependent on the amount of red blood cells or microsomes in the reaction mixture. PMID- 7251577 TI - Bindings of monodispersed n-alkylphosphorylcholines to cobra venom phospholipases A2. PMID- 7251578 TI - Bindings of Ca2+ ion and monodispersed n-alkylphosphorylcholines to phospholipase A2-II of A. halys blomhoffii. PMID- 7251579 TI - Monosialogangliosides of rabbit skeletal muscle. Characterization of N acetylneuraminosyl lacto-N-noroctaosyl ceramide. AB - Rabbit skeletal muscle contained 28.4 nanomol/g wet weight of lipid-bound sialic acid, and 73.4% of the total lipid-bound sialic acid was recovered in a monosialoganglioside fraction. Monosialoganglioside components were isolated and the structures were determined by exoglycosidase treatment and permethylation analysis. The major monosialoganglioside was GM3 (73.2% of monosialogangliosides), and gangliosides of the lacto-series with at least three repeating units of lactosamine, Gal(beta, 1-4)GlcNAc(beta, 1-3), were identified. A newly found ganglioside was N-acetylneuraminosyl lacto-N-noroctaosyl ceramide, NeuAc(alpha, 2-3)Gal(beta, 1-4)GlcNAc (beta, 1-3)Gal(beta, 1-4)GlcNAc(beta, 1 3)Gal(beta, 1-4)GlcNAc(beta, 1-3)Gal(beta, 1-4)Glc(beta, 1-1)ceramide. The amounts of lacto-series gangliosides in the monosialoganglioside fraction were as follows: sialosyl lacto-N-neotetraosyl ceramide (9.8%), sialosyl lacto-N norhexaosyl ceramide (11.9%) and sialosyl lacto-N-noroctaosyl ceramide (5.1%). N Glycolylneuraminic acid was found in sialosyl lacto-N-neotetraosyl ceramide and sialosyl lacto-N-norhexaosyl ceramide but the amount was less than 0.2%. The mobilities of lacto-series gangliosides were compared with those of ganglio series gangliosides. Fatty acid and long chain base compositions were also determined. PMID- 7251580 TI - Structure of polygalactosamine produced by Aspergillus parasiticus. AB - The structure of polygalactosamine purified from the culture fluid of Aspergillus parasiticus AHU 7165 was studied. Partial acid hydrolysis of this polysaccharide, in which 55 to 65% of the monosaccharide residues were N-unsubstituted, gave a series of galactosamine oligosaccharides (dimer to hexamer) in a good yield. From the data on analyses of the polysaccharide and its oligosaccharides by gel filtration, periodate oxidation, methylation, and proton NMR measurement, the polysaccharide was characterized as a linear chain of alpha (1-4)-linked galactosamine residues. The N-unsubstituted galactosamine residues are probably distributed in a random fashion over the polysaccharide chain. PMID- 7251581 TI - Analyses of 40S and 60S ribosomal proteins of Artemia salina with two- or "three dimensional" acrylamide gel electrophoresis and comparisons with rat liver 40S and 60S proteins. PMID- 7251583 TI - On the acid denaturation of porcine erythrocyte catalase in relation to its subunit structure. AB - Porcine erythrocyte catalase [EC 1.11.1.6] (molecular weight, ca. 250,000) was found to dissociate partially between pH 3.5 and 3.0 and completely below pH 3.0 into two presumably identical 1/2-sized subunits (molecular weight, 112,000) as estimated by ultracentrifugal analyses. This dissociation was accompanied by a marked change in hydrodynamic properties; the sedimentation coefficient decreased from about 11S to 4S. This acid denaturation also resulted in complete loss of enzyme activity and disappearance of absorption bands characteristic of heme protein, in particular, a shift of the Soret band from 405 nm to a small and broad band at 375 nm. The change in enzyme activity correlated well with that of the Soret band, depending on the denaturation time and pH used. Reversible recovery of enzyme activity was not detected below pH 3.1 after 2 h denaturation. The pH dependence of alpha-helical content estimated from the CD intensity at 222 nm also correlated well with that of enzyme activity. The rate constants of initial reaction of acid denaturation at several pHs were determined by following the changes in the Soret band with time, since the changes showed an isosbestic point at 384 nm. The results revealed that the first-order rate constant at pH 3.0 was 45 times larger than that at pH 3.4, indicating that the rate of acid denaturation increased rapidly within a narrow acidic pH range. The temperature dependence of the denaturation rate was also measured and the activation energy for the acid denaturation was found to be 76.3 kcal/mol from an Arrhenius plot. PMID- 7251582 TI - Stimulation of protein synthesis in round spermatids from rat testes by lactate. AB - Lactate markedly increased the rate of [3H]leucine incorporation into the protein of isolated round spermatids (steps 1-8) from rat testes. Four kinds of hexoses, glucose, fructose, galactose, and monnose, also stimulated [3H]leucine incorporation, but to much lesser extents than lactate. Ribose had no effect. The glucose-induced stimulation of protein synthesis was entirely suppressed by iodoacetate and NaF, whereas iodoacetate and NaF were without effect on the lactate-induced increase in protein synthesis. Lactate stimulated both protein synthesis and ATP production in the spermatids. However, both of these stimulatory effects of lactate were completely blocked by DNP and rotenone. Rotenone entirely blocked oxygen consumption, as expected, whilst DNP enhanced it additively with lactate. Moreover, lactate was without influence on either transport of alpha-[3H]AIB into spermatids or incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein of a cell-free system of spermatids. These findings suggest that lactate may increase the protein synthesis of spermatids in the same fashion as glucose, and that the effect of lactate in increasing the level of ATP during incubation in vitro may be a major factor in the mechanism of stimulation of protein synthesis in the spermatids. PMID- 7251584 TI - Biosynthesis of liver catalase in rats treated with allylisopropylacetylcarbamide. III. Occurrence of a possible precursor to catalase. AB - Inactive catalase [EC 1.11.1.6] occurring in considerable amounts in liver peroxisomal extracts from Sedormid-treated rats was investigated. The antigen-to enzyme ratio (i.e. the ratio of catalase determined immunochemically to catalase determined enzymatically; 1.0 for purified enzyme) was around 1.7 when peroxisomal extract from Sedormid-treated rats was assayed. After dialysis of the extract against a solution containing 44 mM acetate buffer, pH 4.1, and 22% ethanol, catalase remaining in soluble from showed the same antigen-to-enzyme ratio as the purified enzyme (1.0). Moreover, the total enzymatic activity was not reduced. The results indicated that the catalase precipitated by this treatment was enzymatically inactive. The peroxisomal extract was analyzed by gel filtration, and an enzymatically inactive catalase was detected in the region corresponding to molecules smaller than the enzymatically active catalase (tetramer). When the immunoprecipitates of the inactive catalase were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS and urea, only a subunit (monomer) of catalase was detected. At 60 min after injection of [14C]amino acid and delta-[3H]aminolevulinic acid into rats, the specific radioactivity of 14C in this inactive catalase was 6-7 times that of active catalase. On the other hand, the 3H/14C ratio was much lower than that of active catalase. The results suggest that the inactive catalase isolated by gel filtration is an intermediate of maturation, in which apo-catalase monomer binds with heme and assembles to form complete molecules. PMID- 7251585 TI - Ethical considerations for the biomedical communications professional. AB - A justification and foundation to assist the biomedical communicator in forming a professional code of ethics is offered. Included is a discussion and definition from an historical perspective regarding ethical considerations as they specifically relate to the professional biocommunicator. Informed consent is discussed as one example to illustrate some of the important and complex questions that may need to be raised in forming a professional ethical code. It is the authors' feeling that codes of ethics can positively enhance the professional corporate progress of the biocommunications profession. PMID- 7251586 TI - Evidence for the absence of DNA proofreading in HeLa cell nuclei. AB - [3H]2-Aminopurine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate and [32P]dATP were added exogenously at equimolar concentrations to washed HeLa cell nuclei both in the presence and absence of cell cytoplasm. The observed ratio of 2 aminopurine/adenine deoxyribonucleotide incorporation into DNA was about 12%, which is consistent with 2-aminopurine misinsertion frequencies measured in cell free assays, for various DNA polymerases including alpha-polymerase from calf thymus, Escherichia coli polymerase I, and several mutant and wild type bacteriophage T4 polymerases. Based on the 12% 2-aminopurine/adenine misincorporation ratio, we propose that proofreading of replicating DNA is not occurring in HeLa nuclei, and that discrimination against 2-aminopurine incorporation is governed primarily by a 1.1 kcal/mol difference in free energy between 2-aminopurine.thymine and adenine.thymine base pairs rather than by properties attributable to either the mammalian DNA polymerase or HeLa cell nuclear replication apparatus. PMID- 7251588 TI - Collagen self-assembly in vitro. Differentiating specific telopeptide-dependent interactions using selective enzyme modification and the addition of free amino telopeptide. AB - The thermally induced in vitro self-assembly of collagen molecules to form active fibrils illustrates that collagen molecules themselves contain all of the structural information necessary for assembly. The molecule contains three structural domains, the NH2 and carboxyl-terminal extra helical regions (the telopeptides) and the major triple helical rod-like domain. Proteolytic removal of the short telopeptide domains drastically alters the in vitro self-assembly process. We have examined the specific contributions of each telopeptide to the initiation ("nucleation") and growth stages of self-assembly in collagens modified by selective proteinase treatment and by isolating a peptide containing the amino telopeptide and adding this to both normal and proteinase-modified collagen self-assembly systems. Pronase-modified collagen, devoid of both telopeptides, initiated self-assembly very poorly. Addition of small amounts of intact collagen accelerated the rate of nucleation of pronase-modified collagen. Addition of carboxypeptidase-modified collagen also accelerated the nucleation of pronase-modified collagen, suggesting that the remaining amino telopeptide was involved in nucleation. This was confirmed by isolating the cyanogen bromide fragment of the alpha 1(I) subunit containing the amino telopeptide and finding that it specifically accelerated the nucleation of intact pepsin- and pronase modified to collagens. The amino telopeptide appears to bind to a specific region within the collagen triple helical domain. The isolated peptide requires thermal pretreatment to be active; hence, this interaction must involve a unique telopeptide conformation. This behavior is compatible with the recent model (Helseth, D. L., Jr., Lechner, J. H., and Veis, A. (1979) Biopolymers 18, 3005 3014) proposed for the conformation of the amino telopeptide and its interaction with a helical receptor site as a step in nucleation. Comparison of the behavior of leucine aminopeptidase- and carboxypeptidase-modified collagens suggests that the carboxyl telopeptide has its major role in the growth stages of self assembly. PMID- 7251587 TI - Secretion of lipoprotein lipase by macrophages in culture. AB - Cultured macrophages were shown to synthesize and constitutively secrete a triglyceride lipase identified as lipoprotein lipase on the basis of the following criteria: 1) it required apolipoprotein C-II for optimal activity; 2) it exhibited maximal activity at pH 8.2; 3) it was inhibited by 1 M NaCl; 4) it bound tightly to a heparin-Sepharose affinity gel and was eluted with buffer containing 1.5 M NaCl; and 5) the quantity of enzyme released from macrophages was enhanced by heparin. Cycloheximide treatment of macrophage cultures blocked the spontaneous secretion of lipoprotein lipase. Macrophage secretion of lipoprotein lipase may be relevant to the role of this cell in atherogenesis. PMID- 7251589 TI - Cooperative roles of various membrane phospholipids in the activation of calcium activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. AB - Although phosphatidylserine is the sole phospholipid effective for the activation of Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in the presence of a small amount of unsaturated diacylglycerol and micromolar concentrations of Ca2+ (Takai, Y., Kishimoto, A., Kikkawa, U., Mori, T., and Nishizuka, Y. (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 91, 1218-1224), other species of phospholipids modulate the activation of enzyme considerably. When phosphatidylserine is supplemented with phosphatidylethanolamine, further enhancement of the enzymatic activity is observed. Inversely, the addition of phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin markedly diminishes the enzyme activation by phosphatidylserine. Phosphatidylinositol, which serves as the source of unsaturated diacylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid do not show significant effects. Kinetic analysis has indicated that phosphatidylethanolamine enhances the enzyme activation by marked increase in the affinity of enzyme for Ca2+ and also by slight increase in the affinity for phosphatidylserine as well as for unsaturated diacylglycerol without affecting the maximum reaction velocity. Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin diminish the enzyme activation in an uncompetitive manner with respect to Ca2+ and in a competitive manner with respect to both phosphatidylserine and unsaturated diacylglycerol. These results suggest that each species of the various membrane phospholipids plays a specific role with positive or negative cooperativity in the activation of this unique protein kinase. PMID- 7251590 TI - Elevated cholesterol and dolichol synthesis in mouse pachytene spermatocytes. AB - Results are presented here which demonstrate that the rates of [14C]acetate incorporation into cholesterol and dolichol increased 4- to 5-fold as mouse spermatocytes matured from the preleptotene to prepuberal pachytene stages. The rate of acetate incorporation into cholesterol then decreased in late pachynema, remained low at all subsequent stages of meiosis, and was very low in mature sperm. In contrast, the rate of acetate incorporation into dolichol remained elevated in late pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids, then decreased and remained low in mature sperm. The ratio of the rate of [14C]acetate incorporation into dolichol to the rate of incorporation into cholesterol increased during late meiotic prophase and remained high in round spermatids; this altered ratio is further evidence of independent regulation of dolichol and cholesterol synthesis in testes. It was shown previously that normal adult mouse testes incorporated acetate into dolichol at a much higher rate (1.8 to 2.4% of the rate of incorporation into cholesterol) than did testes from sterile W/Wv mice (0.02%) or X-irradiated mice (0.24%). This high rate of acetate incorporation into dolichol in adult testes is now attributed to differentiating spermatocytes, with particularly high rates being observed during pachynema. PMID- 7251591 TI - Biochemical and rheological characterization of sputum mucins from a patient with cystic fibrosis. AB - The studies described herein entail the isolation and characterization of native mucin isolated in the absence of disulfide reducing agents. The rheological characteristics of mucin closely resemble those of whole sputum. The aggregation of mucin molecules is responsible for the high viscosity of concentrated mucin solutions such as sputum. Disulfide reducing agents reduce the viscosity of concentrated mucin solutions by dissociation of soluble mucin aggregates without affecting the insoluble aggregates. Detailed chemical analyses of the mucins have been carried out and indicate that the reduction of interchain disulfides is accompanied, not only by a reduction in mucin viscosity, but by the liberation of two small proteins from the large mucin molecule. Detailed analyses of the cysteine plus cystine content of native mucin indicate that none of the free cysteines are accessible to alkylation in the absence of denaturants. Approximately 80% of the cystine content of the molecule is accessible to disulfide reduction in the absence of denaturants. This finding accounts for the ability of disulfide reducing agents to reduce sputum viscosity under nondenaturing conditions. PMID- 7251592 TI - The stabilization of proteins by sucrose. AB - The interactions between proteins and solvent components have been investigated for the sucrose/water system. Thermodynamic and kinetic measurements of the thermal unfolding of alpha-chymotrypsin, chymotrypsinogen, and ribonuclease were performed as a function of sucrose concentration. The alteration in protein solvent interactions in the presence of sucrose was also studied by density measurements and analyzed by multicomponent thermodynamic theory. Sucrose does not induce a conformational change in three proteins studied, although it does induce a small change in the circular dichroism spectrum of ribonuclease. The enthalpy of thermal unfolding shows little dependence on the concentration of sucrose, while the apparent activation energy of the unfolding process is increased by the addition of sucrose. The results from the protein-solvent interaction study indicate that sucrose is preferentially excluded from the protein domain, increasing the free energy of the system. Thermodynamically this leads to protein stabilization since the unfolded state of the protein becomes thermodynamically even less favorable in the presence of sucrose. The exclusion of sucrose from the protein domain seems to be related to the higher cohesive force of the sucrose water solvent system since all the experimental observations can be correlated with the effect of sucrose on the surface tension of water. PMID- 7251594 TI - The interaction of hepatic cytochrome P-450 with organic solvents. The effect of organic solvents on apparent spectral binding constants for hydrocarbon substrates. AB - Studies have been undertaken to explain the observed variation of the apparent association constant for water-insoluble substrates, which were diluted in common organic solvents, as a direct function of the solvent/solute ratio. By the use of suitable equations, the solvents methanol, ethanol, propanol, and acetone are shown to interact with hydrocarbon substrates in a competitive manner in PB treated male rats, with the solvent producing a type I spectral component. Such solvents are shown to elicit, in addition to the type I component, a modified type II component. In untreated rats, ethanol does not produce a type I component, and also does not affect the apparent association constant for the hydrocarbon substrates when used as a solvent for those substrates. All perturbations of the enzyme which cause a change in the apparent association constant of the substrate also cause a quantitatively similar change in the apparent association of the solvent for the enzyme. A sex difference, with respect to competitive solvent binding, is also observed. Cytochrome P-450 from untreated male rats is apparently unable to bind small polar solvent substrates at the hydrocarbon binding site, whereas untreated female rats possess such an ability. In PB-treated rats, solvent binding is found to be sex-dependent. With respect to PB induction in female rats, the binding affinity for ethanol in the PB-treated animals is significantly larger than that observed in untreated females. PMID- 7251593 TI - Characterization of the binding of rat liver ribosomal proteins L6, L8, L19, S9, and S13 to 5.8 S ribosomal ribonucleic acid. AB - The interaction of rat liver ribosomal proteins L6, L8, L19, S9, and S13 with 5.8 rRNA was characterized by nitrocellulose membrane filtration. Binding approached saturation with the five proteins; the apparent association constants (K'a), measured at 4 degrees C and 22 degrees C, ranged from 0.2 to 18 X 10(5) M-1. The molar ratio of ribosomal protein and rRNA in the complexes at saturation approximated 1, indicating there is one binding site for each of the five proteins on the nucleic acid. A number of ribosomal proteins, including some previously suspected from affinity chromatography of associating weakly, did not form a complex with 5.8 S rRNA. PMID- 7251595 TI - Protein-facilitated intermembrane transfer of squalene. Demonstration by density gradient centrifugation. AB - Squalene-enriched, trypsinized microsomes display no squalene epoxidase activity either as such or when combined with normal microsomes. On addition of microgram quantities of supernatant protein factor to the combined system, squalene epoxidation commences at once and continues at a rapid rate (Friedlander, E. J., Caras, I. W., Lin, L. F., and Bloch, K. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8042-8045). When mixtures of trypsin-treated, [3H]squalene-containing microsomes and normal microsomes are subjected to isopycnic density gradient centrifugation, the two microsomal populations separate readily. Essentially all of the radioactive squalene remains associated with the lighter (trypsinized) fraction of microsomes. However, if the mixture of microsomes is initially incubated with supernatant protein factor and then centrifuged, a large fraction of labeled squalene sediments with the denser, normal microsomes. Thus, supernatant protein factor mediates the transfer of squalene from one microsome population to another. This conclusion had previously been reached on the basis of less direct experiments (Friedlander, E. J., Caras, I. W., Lin, L. F., and Bloch, K. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8042-8045). Evidence is presented that the process of supernatant protein factor-mediated squalene transfer does not involve membrane fusion and proceeds also in the reverse direction. PMID- 7251596 TI - Molecular dynamics of hemoglobin subunits as seen by fluorescence spectroscopy. AB - Fluorescent conjugates of beta A subunits and their respective heme-free derivatives have been prepared in which a 1,5-N-iodoacetylaminoethyl-5 naphthylamine-1-sulfonate probe has been specifically placed at the beta-93 or beta-112 cysteine. The fluorescence anisotropy decay and static fluorescence polarization of these conjugates have been examined. Fluorescence measurements have also been made using 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate complexes, as well as the intrinsic fluorescence of the tryptophan groups. For the cases of the beta-93 and beta-112 conjugates there is substantial evidence for internal rotational freedom of the subunits. The internal mobility of the polypeptide is especially pronounced for the beta-112 conjugate. In contrast, the 1-anilino-8 naphthalenesulfonate probe placed within the heme pocket shows no indication of any rotation, other than that associated with the entire beta-subunit. Tryptophan fluorescence has been measured for the apo-beta subunits and for the peptides beta (1-55) from hemoglobins A and S. Perrin-Weber plots show the presence of multiple rotational modes suggesting mobility of the tryptophan groups. PMID- 7251597 TI - Purification and initial characterization of intrinsic membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase from chicken epiphyseal cartilage. AB - Alkaline phosphatase has been purified from microsomes of chicken epiphyseal cartilage by first selectively extracting certain adventitious proteins with 0.25 M trichloroacetate. The membrane-bound enzyme was then solubilized by 1% cholate in buffered 33% saturated ammonium sulfate and purified by column chromatography on Bio-Gel A-5m, extraction with 1-butanol, and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Bio-Gel A. The purified alkaline phosphatase from the cartilage membrane had a subunit molecular weight of 53,000 and a holoenzyme weight of 207,000-220,000, indicating a tetramer. The pH optima for p-nitrophenylphosphate, ATP, and pyrophosphate hydrolysis were 10.3, 9.0, and 8.5, respectively. Values of Vmax (in micromoles/min/mg) were 220, 3.1, and 0.8, respectively. Substrate inhibition was pronounced at values of pH below 8.5. Inhibition of p-nitrophenylphosphate hydrolysis at pH 10.3 showed that phosphate and arsenate were competitive inhibitors (KI = 1.88 and 0.15 mM, respectively) and levamisole was an uncompetitive inhibitor (KI = 0.32 mM), while L-phenylalanine and ZnCl2 were mixed inhibitors (KI = 15.8 and 0.02 mM, respectively). Inhibition by preincubation in 1 mM EDTA was reversible by readdition of 0.25 mM MgCl2 nd 20 microM ZnCl2. The data indicate that this membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase from chicken epiphyseal cartilage is a Zn2+ and possibly Mg2+-containing enzyme. While the subunit molecular weight and kinetic properties of the enzyme are quite typical of vertebrate alkaline phosphatases, the tightness of binding to the membrane lipids, the extreme sensitivity to substrate inhibition, and the tetrameric conformation of the holoenzyme are unusual. PMID- 7251598 TI - Energetics of citrulline synthesis by rat liver mitochondria. AB - The energetics of flux through carbamyl phosphate synthetase and of citrulline formation from added ammonia, bicarbonate, and ornithine have been investigated in liver mitochondria from rats fed a high protein diet. In the presence of an oxidizable substrate, but in the absence of ornithine, carbamyl phosphate accumulated as a function of the medium phosphate concentration (K'm approximately 1.5 mM) up to values of 30 nmol/mg of protein. Upon addition of ornithine, citrulline was produced at the rate of 70 nmol/mg/min, and the carbamyl phosphate content fell to below 1 nmol/mg. The intramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio decreased after ornithine addition, indicating that release of inhibition of carbamyl phosphate synthetase by carbamyl phosphate predominated over the expected inhibition due to the fall of the ATP/ADP ratio. Under partially uncoupled conditions in the presence of ornithine, citrulline formation decreased linearly with a fall of the calculated intramitochondrial MgATP/MgADP ratio. Changes of the thermodynamic parameters of mitochondrial phosphorylation potential, delta Gp(m), proton electrochemical gradient, delta mu H+, and oxidation-reduction potential difference between NAD+ and cytochrome c, delta Eh, were measured under conditions of enhanced respiration induced by citrulline synthesis and compared with ADP-stimulated respiration. Under both conditions, delta Gp(m) decreased and delta Eh also decreased due to a net oxidation of NADH and reduction of cytochrome c. However, delta mu H+ showed no change after citrulline addition although it decreased during ADP-stimulated respiration. The average H+/2e stoichiometry over the first two phosphorylation sites calculated from the delta Eh/delta mu H+ ratio ranged from 3.0 to 3.5, while the H+/ATP stoichiometry calculated from the delta Gp(m)/delta mu H+ ratio ranged from 2.0 to 2.5. The calculated ratios of H+/2e and H+/ATP both increased as delta mu H+ was lowered by addition of an uncoupling agent. The overall data are apparently not in accordance with the commonly held view that delta mu H+ is an obligatory intermediate between the oxidation-reduction pumps of the respiratory chain and ATP synthase. PMID- 7251599 TI - Kinetic parameters of the lipoprotein transport systems in the adrenal gland of the rat determined in vivo. Comparison of low and high density lipoproteins of human and rat origin. AB - These studies were done to characterize the rate of uptake of high (HDL) and low (LDL) density lipoprotein cholesterol by the adrenal gland of the rat under in vivo conditions. Animals were pretreated for 4 days with 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4 d]pyrimidine to essentially eliminate endogenous plasma lipoproteins and with aminoglutethimide for 1 h to block conversion of cholesterol to adrenal hormones. Such animals were then infused with varying amounts of HDL and LDL from both human and rat plasma, and this led to rapid accumulation of cholesterol, both free and esterified, in the adrenal glands over the subsequent 4-h period of observation. This uptake process was linear with respect to time and manifested saturation kinetics with respect to the steady state level of plasma lipoprotein cholesterol. When human lipoproteins were infused, the maximal rate of cholesterol uptake was approximately 0.45 mg/pair of adrenal glands/h for both HDL and LDL; however, the half-maximal rate of uptake (Km) was achieved at a plasma HDL cholesterol concentration of only 12 mg/dl while a concentration of 61 mg/dl was required to achieve the same velocity with LDL. When similar experiments were carried out with rat HDL, the Km equaled 7.2 mg/dl and a maximal rate of uptake of 0.32 mg/pair of adrenal glands/h was achieved. It was not possible to obtain complete kinetic curves using rat LDL, but at physiological plasma concentrations, there was no difference in the rate of cholesterol uptake from LDL of rat or human origin. When large amounts of both HDL (5.8 times Km) and LDL (3.1 times Km) were infused into the same animals, the rate of cholesterol uptake essentially equaled the sum of the maximal transport rates for the two lipoproteins. These data provide additional support for the concept that the adrenal gland (and ovary) of the rat can take up HDL and LDL cholesterol by separate mechanisms. However, from the quantitative data on the kinetics of these uptake processes, it is apparent that in this species HDL cholesterol must be the major substrate for the synthesis of adrenal hormones. PMID- 7251600 TI - Estrogen receptor replenishment. Evidence for receptor recycling. AB - Replenishment of uterine estrogen receptor was examined in immature rats following injection of 16 alpha-estradiol. 16 alpha-Estradiol is a "short-acting" estrogen that, after a single injection, stimulates early estrogenic responses (water imbibition, induced protein synthesis, etc.), but not long term responses (DNA synthesis). Replenishment after 16 alpha-estradiol injection was complete within 4 h. Furthermore, disappearance of receptor from the nucleus closely corresponded to a reappearance of receptor in the cytoplasm. In contrast to this, receptor replenishment following injection of 1 microgram of either diethylstilbesterol or 17 beta-estradiol was very slow and lagged behind the disappearance of nuclear receptor, leading to an apparent decrease in total receptor content. Half-lives for the clearance of nuclear estrogen-receptor complexes were estimated to be 30 min for 16 alpha-estradiol and 2 h for 17 beta estradiol, respectively. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide did not inhibit replenishment after 16 alpha-estradiol injection. Studies on replenishment after 17 beta-estradiol injection in the presence of cycloheximide could not be interpreted due to a decrease in total receptor content caused by long term cycloheximide treatment. Multiple injections of 17 alpha-estradiol did not lead to a lag in replenishment time or a decrease in total receptor content. This represents a case in which estrogen receptor replenishment appears to be due entirely to receptor recycling. PMID- 7251601 TI - Bovine heart mitochondrial transhydrogenase catalyzes an exchange reaction between NADH and NAD+. AB - Reconstitution of homogeneous bovine heart mitochondrial transhydrogenase into phosphatidylcholine liposomes results in a greater than 80% inhibition of NADPH leads to 3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide (AcPyAD+) transhydrogenation. This coupled rate is stimulated 5-fold by addition of protonophore to the rate observed with unreconstituted enzyme. In the absence of uncoupler, addition of low concentrations (10 microM) of NADH promotes by about 3-fold the rate of reduction of AcPyAD+ in the presence of NADPH. In the absence of NADPH, no reduction of AcPyAD+ by NADH occurs. Addition of valinomycin to K+-loaded proteoliposomes stimulated NADPH leads to AcPyAD+ transhydrogenation to the uncoupled rate and allowed the uptake of protons from the medium. In the absence of valinomycin, the rapid reduction of AcPyAD+ seen on addition of NADH was not coupled to proton translocation. In the presence of valinomycin, NADH addition neither equilibrated protons across the liposomal membrane nor affected the stoichiometry of proton uptake to hydride ion transfer (H+:H- ratio). Addition of NADH to proteoliposomes in the presence of AcPyAD+ and NADPH resulted in an initial rapid formation of reduced 3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide comparable to the amount of NADH added. Thereafter, the rate of AcPyAD+ reduction returned to that seen in the absence of NADH. These results suggest that the NADH requirement for AcPyAD+ reduction is stoichiometric rather than catalytic. Stereospecificity studies demonstrate that reconstituted transhydrogenase catalyzes a direct transfer of a hydride ion equivalent from the 4A locus of NADH to the 4A locus of the NADH product in the presence, but not in the absence, of NADPH. It is proposed that NADH leads to NAD+ transhydrogenation represents a partial reaction of NADPH leads to NAD+ transhydrogenation which involves the participation of a reduced-enzyme intermediate. PMID- 7251602 TI - Purification and properties of dog cardiac troponin T kinase. AB - Troponin T kinase was purified from dog heart extracts to apparent homogeneity (specific activity, 0.8-1.1 mumol of P incorporated/mg of protein/min at 30 degrees C). Analysis of the purified enzyme by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate showed two major protein bands corresponding to Mr = 37,000 and 28,000. The Mr = 28,000 band was found to be phosphorylated after incubation of the enzyme with [32P]ATP.Mg. The molecular weight of the enzyme was calculated to be approximately 125,000 from the results of gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. It would appear that cardiac troponin T kinase is composed of two 37,000- and two 28,000-dalton subunits. The purified kinase was found to phosphorylate troponin T from cardiac or skeletal muscle even in the presence of other components of the troponin system. Phosvitin and casein were also phosphorylated by the enzyme. The Km for ATP was determined to be 7 microM; free Mg2+ was required for maximal activity. Calcium ions, either in the presence of absence of calmodulin, had only a slight inhibitory effect. Addition of fluoride ions (50 mM) and arginine-rich histone (1 mg/ml) to the reaction mixture resulted in a strong inhibition of the activity. Cyclic nucleotides did not affect the kinase activity. PMID- 7251603 TI - The uptake and metabolism of chylomicron-remnant lipids by nonparenchymal cells in perfused liver and by Kupffer cells in culture. PMID- 7251604 TI - A heparin-sensitive nuclear protein kinase. Purification, properties, and increased activity in rat hepatoma relative to liver. AB - A cyclic-nucleotide independent heparin-sensitive nuclear protein kinase (NII) from the Morris hepatoma 3924A has been purified by a combination of ion exchange and affinity chromatographic procedures and velocity gradient centrifugation. The purified kinase had a molecular weight of 140,000 as determined by gel filtration. Two polypeptides (Mr = 42,000 and 25,600) were present in the purified preparation in approximately equimolar concentrations. The protein kinase employed Mg2+ and Co2+ as divalent ion and preferred the nonhistone proteins, casein or phosvitin, as protein acceptors. In the presence of Mg2+, it utilized both ATP and GTP as substrates and transferred the terminal nucleotide phosphate to serine and threonine residues of the protein acceptor. Phosphorylation of casein was stimulated by polyamines, particularly spermine. This polyamine preferentially enhanced phosphate transfer to threonine. The enzyme was inhibited by several compounds including heparin, the o-n-octyloxime of rifamycin (AF/013), 3'-dATP, o-phenanthroline, polynucleotides, and ADP. Of these inhibitors, heparin was the most potent and completely abolished kinase activity at a concentration of 0.1 micrograms/ml. The kinase could be autophosphorylated by incubation with Mg2+ and [gamma-32P]ATP; under these conditions phosphorylation was confined to the polypeptide of Mr = 24,600 and was completely inhibited by heparin. Based on the unique properties of NII protein kinase (ability to use GTP, stimulation by spermine, sensitivity to heparin), a selective assay was developed which could measure NII activity in the presence of other nuclear kinases. Under the optimal assay conditions, the nuclear extract of hepatoma 3924A was found to contain at least five times more NII kinase activity than that of normal adult liver. Analysis of extensively purified preparations from the two sources confirmed these results. After purification 11 times more NII protein kinase activity was obtained from hepatoma 3924A than from liver. Although hepatoma and liver protein kinases exhibited many common properties, they displayed distinct nucleotide saturation kinetics. The apparent Km for ATP was 10 microM for hepatoma protein kinase and 24 microM for the liver enzyme. PMID- 7251605 TI - Physical characterization of platelet thrombospondin. AB - A hydrodynamic model of the high molecular weight platelet glycoprotein thrombospondin is formulated from physical solution measurements of molecular weight, partial specific volume, sedimentation coefficient, and intrinsic viscosity. Simultaneous sedimentation equilibrium analysis of thrombospondin in buffered saline prepared in H2O and D2O yielded values of 420,000 and 0.714 ml/g for the molecular weight and partial specific volume, respectively. A sedimentation coefficient of 8.6 S was found to be independent of the protein concentration over the range 0-6 mg/ml. The intrinsic viscosity was determined to be 40 ml/g at 20 degrees C for native thrombospondin and 52 ml/g for thrombospondin in the presence of 6 M guanidine-HCl. Based on these values thrombospondin is best described as a prolate ellipsoid with an axial ratio of 9.3. This model agrees well with the electron microscopic image of thrombospondin as a nodular rod (7 X 65 nm)-shaped molecule with an axial ratio of 10. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that thrombospondin is comprised of three 140,000 dalton polypeptide chains. The percentage of residues in alpha-helix was calculated to be only 3% from the circular dichroism spectrum. PMID- 7251606 TI - Myosin phosphorylation in intact platelets. AB - The phosphorylation state of myosin in intact platelets has been investigated with alkaline urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In gels of control cells, a band was found that co-migrated with the dephosphorylated form of isolated platelet myosin 20,000-dalton light chain. Stimulation of the cells by thrombin produced a dose-dependent shift of this band to the same position as that of the phosphorylated light chain. Conversion to the phosphorylated position was both complete and saturable with respect to thrombin concentration. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to confirm the identity of this band as the 20,000-dalton myosin light chain. When (32P)PO4-labeled platelets were used, a direct correlation was found between the position of the light chain on the alkaline urea gel and the radioactivity. Our results demonstrate that in resting platelets myosin exists mainly in the dephosphorylated state and that stimulation by thrombin can produce a shift to the totally phosphorylated state. PMID- 7251610 TI - Application of density gradient methods for the study of mucus glycoprotein and other macromolecular components of the sol and gel phases of asthmatic sputa. PMID- 7251607 TI - The nucleotide sequence of spinach cytoplasmic 5 S ribosomal RNA. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the cytoplasmic 5 S ribosomal RNA from Spinacia oleracea has been determined. A secondary structural model possessing four base paired regions can be constructed from the primary structure. This RNA shows 90 to 93% nucleotide sequence homology with other higher plant cytoplasmic 5 S RNAs and 73% homology with that of the lower eukaryote Chlorella. The spinach 5 S RNA has the nucleotide sequence identical with that of Chlorella in two important single-stranded regions, the sequence C10 AUACC and the dodecanucleotide sequence at positions 33 to 44. A nucleotide sequence similar or identical with C10 AUACC is found in most other eukaryotic 5 S RNAs, including the 5 S RNA from human KB cells. In addition, a single-stranded loop of 12 residues corresponding to positions 33 to 44 in the spinach 5 S RNA sequence may be a general feature of eukaryotic cytoplasmic 5 S RNAs, while prokaryotic 5 S RNAs have a 13-member loop for the corresponding residues. Several other important homologies in primary and secondary structure have also been observed in comparing spinach 5 S RNA to other 5 S RNAs. PMID- 7251609 TI - Bovine glomerular basement membrane. Characterization of an alpha-size collagenous polypeptide. AB - The collagenase domain of bovine glomerular basement membrane was isolated in soluble form after limited digestion with pepsin. Gel filtration chromatography of the domain under denaturing conditions revealed that most of the polypeptide constituents exhibit apparent molecular weights greater than the type I collagen beta-chain, while approximately 15% are similar in size to that of alpha-chain. Carboxymethyl cellulose chromatography of the alpha-size region revealed that 70% of the protein was polypeptide XIV, as previously designated (West, T. W., Fox, J. W., Jodlowski, M., Freytag, J. W., and Hudson, B. G. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 10451-10459). This polypeptide exhibits an apparent molecular weight of 102,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An absolute molecular weight value of 86,000 was determined by sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. About 15% of the mass is carbohydrate which exists in the form of glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine. Thus, the polypeptide backbone has a molecular weight of 73,000, a value which is considerably smaller than the alpha-chains of classical collagen. The amino acid and carbohydrate composition and cyanogen bromide patterns indicate that polypeptide XIV has a structure similar to that of C-chain or alpha 1 (IV) collagen which has been identified in other tissues. In addition, the cyanogen bromide pattern of the entire collagenous domain is similar to that of polypeptide XIV, suggesting that the latter is a structural segment of many of the higher molecular weight components. PMID- 7251608 TI - Gel phase phospholipid in the plasma membrane of sterol-depleted mouse LM cells. Analysis by fluorescence polarization and x-ray diffraction. AB - Fluorescence polarization of cis- and trans-parinaric acid and high angle x-ray diffraction are used to examine the physical effects of in vitro sterol depletion of LM cell plasma membranes. Measurements on lipids isolated from the normal plasma membrane show that most of the lipid is fluid between 5 and 45 degrees C. When no sterol is present, approximately 15% of the phospholipids undergo gel phase formation, detectable by x-ray measurements, in this temperature range. Partial sterol repletion of the isolated phospholipids serves to lower the onset temperature of the phase transition, as well as to decrease the fraction of lipid undergoing a transition. Intact plasma membranes are sterol depleted by in vitro incubation with egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes. This induces a phase transition with an onset temperature increasingly above the physiological temperature as more sterol is removed from the membranes. The transition can be suppressed by returning sterol to the membranes. These experiments extend earlier work (Rintoul, D. A., Chou, S.-M., and Silbert, D. F. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 10070-10077) on isolated plasma membrane lipids by showing that sterol suppresses a phase transition in intact membranes as well as in isolated lipids. The correlation between gel phase formation upon sterol loss at the physiological temperature and loss of membrane glucose transport function is discussed. PMID- 7251611 TI - Characterization of the collagenous domain of tubular basement membrane. AB - The collagenous domain of rabbit renal tubular basement membrane was solubilized by controlled pepsin digestion. Complete solubilization occurred within 24 h at 4 degrees C, and the sodium chloride precipitable polypeptides remained resistant to further degradation for at least 72 h. These products, which represent 35 to 40% of the basement membrane, possess a composition similar to that od the collagenous domain of bovine glomerular basement membrane. Agarose gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate resolved 11 components, several of which comprise the majority of the protein in the system. Components I (Mr approximately 1,500,000) and II (Mr approximately 1,200,000), together with a minor component, III, comprise 45% of the Coomassie blue-staining material. An additional 25% is represented by component IV (Mr approximately 375,000) plus a minor component, V. The remaining components (VI through XI) span a molecular weight range from 34,000 to 200,000. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to establish which of these components contain disulfide cross-linked polypeptides and the number and molecular weight of such polypeptides. Components I, II, and IV each contained intensely staining polypeptides of Mr = 160,000, 140,000, and 80,000 plus lightly staining polypeptides of Mr = 43,000 and 34,000. Lightly staining polypeptides of Mr = 390,000, 180,000, and 125,000 were also detected among the reduction products of components I and II. In addition, evidence for the presence of aldehyde-derived cross-linked polypeptides within the structures of components I and II was observed in the form of reduction products whose molecular weight occurs in multiples of the smaller monomeric polypeptides. PMID- 7251612 TI - Computed tomography in bone and joint infections. AB - Fourteen patients with proven septic arthritis, osteomyelitis or spondylitis were studied retrospectively by both computed tomography (CT) and conventional examinations. CT was performed only when specific problems of diagnosis were unsolved after plain films, standard tomograms or isotope bone scans. In these selected cases, CT was of definite value for: the study of the entire articular surface of bone and periarticular soft tissues; the delineation of extent of medullary and soft-tissue involvement; the demonstration of cavities, serpiginous tracts, sequestra or cloacae in osteomyelitis. It sometimes showed soft-tissue edema or bone destruction not seen on plain films. PMID- 7251613 TI - Ultrasonic coronal scanning of left upper quadrant. AB - The left upper quadrant of the abdomen is frequently a "blind" area for ultrasonographic scanning due to the preponderance of gas in the stomach and splenic flexure of the colon, which obscures the deeper structures. Longitudinal scans, particularly when done vertically, are generally of no use in this region. A portion of the transverse scan, aiming the beam horizontally from the left midaxillary line can be somewhat helpful. Coronal planes of section using real time equipment, aimed medially from the midaxillary line with the patient supine, allow improved visualization of the left upper quadrant. Conventional scanning with the patient rotated into a right posterior oblique or right-side-down decubitus position can also be useful. cases are presented to illustrate this technique. PMID- 7251614 TI - Accuracy of sonography and transhepatic chloangiography in obstructive jaundice. AB - Fifty patients with obstructive jaundice were studied by both ultrasonography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (P)TC). Comparison was made of the relative accuracy of sonography and transhepatic cholangiography in delineating both the site and cause of the jaundice. The site of obstruction was defined in 86% by sonography and in 100% by PTC. Etiology was defined in 52% by sonography and in 86% by PTC. Using both modalities the etiology was evident in 94% of patients. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography should be reserved for those patients in whom sonography does not identify the site and cause of the obstruction. PMID- 7251615 TI - Comparison of slow scan television and direct viewing of radiographs. AB - Slow scan television equipment (SSTV) can transmit images of radiographs using an inexpensive camera, TV monitor and ordinary telephone lines, and has potential for use in communities without radiologists. We compared the accuracy with which nine experienced radiologists could perceive abnormal findings in each of two viewing conditions: (1) SSTV viewing of an image on a television monitor and (2) direct viewing on a light box. Each finding was categorized as readily, moderately or barely visible. The nine radiologists had scores using SSTV that were significantly worse (p less than .005) than the standard, whereas the scores using direct viewing were not significantly different from the standard. The present generation of SSTV equipment is not yet adequate for routine reading of radiographs, although the concept of SSTV still has considerable potential. PMID- 7251616 TI - Fluoroscopic radiation measurement in Saskatchewan. AB - A mail-out thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) system has been used to measure fluoroscopic surface dose rates very 8 weeks in Saskatchewan hospitals since 1976. Incentive for the program came from Saskatchewan radiologists. The mean of the annual dose rates for all units was 30.8 mGy/min (3.08 rads/min). Each year, 30% of the machines varied in output by 100% or more, 8% by 200% or more, and one machine's output increased by 800%. These measurements have allowed prompt correction of excessive dose levels or replacement of offending machines when the dose rate could be lowered sufficiently. No significant difference in surface dose rates between manually controlled units and units with automatic brightness control was found. PMID- 7251617 TI - [Exposure rates in fluoroscopy in Quebec]. AB - For the past two years, the authors have measured by means of an ionization chamber the exposure rates of 155 fluoroscopic systems. Of these, 42% measured beyond the maximum of 5 R/min recommended by radiation protection codes. Systems linked to a television chain functioned at generally lower levels. There was no significant difference between remote controlled and non remote systems. However, appreciable differences between the units of two manufacturers were observed. The corrective measures which must follow this survey will result for Quebec in a saving of 2.0 millions of rads to the population which becomes, without doubt, the single most important factor of radiation protection. PMID- 7251618 TI - Limited surgery with or without radiotherapy for early breast carcinoma. AB - Between January 1971 and December 1978, 117 consecutive patients with unilateral early stage carcinoma of the breast were treated with limited surgery, with or without the addition of postoperative radiotherapy. Local excision alone was found to be inadequate treatment for T1 and T2 carcinoma of the breast. Local recurrence rates were also high in patients with T1 and T2 lesions treated by local excision plus relatively low dose radiotherapy. Local recurrence was, however, infrequent after partial mastectomy, and no local failures were observed after partial mastectomy plus postoperative radiotherapy to a dose of 5000 rad in 5 weeks. Morbidity with such treatment is minimal and cosmetic results are generally excellent. PMID- 7251619 TI - Giant esophageal leiomyoma as a mediastinal mass. PMID- 7251620 TI - Megacalyces with polycalyces. PMID- 7251621 TI - Corrosive ingestion: two unusual sites of injury. PMID- 7251622 TI - The radiation hazard in hospitals--a reappraisal. PMID- 7251623 TI - Fine detail radiography vs. high resolution radiography. PMID- 7251624 TI - Inspiration-expiration films for mediastinal fatty tumors. PMID- 7251625 TI - Toward efficient urography. AB - A survey of intravenous urography in Nova Scotia shows a lack of consistency in timing and number of films used. Dehydration is still practiced in most centres and tomography is not used routinely. A revised protocol for urography is suggested, consisting of three films with additional views added as necessary. The three would include a single tomographic section when available. Dehydration procedures should be discontinued. Such a protocol might lead to a reduction in radiation exposure and patient risk and Canada-wide savings of more than three million dollars annually. PMID- 7251626 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis in women. PMID- 7251627 TI - Plain film assessment of spinal canal stenosis. PMID- 7251628 TI - Cancer epidemiology: the Indian scene. AB - Incidence of cancer in India is lower than in the West and the commonly affected sites are very different. Cancers of the upper alimentary and respiratory tracts (oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, and lung) contribute more than half of the cancers in men and about a quarter in women. In this category, cancers of the oral cavity are very common in some parts of the country and cancers of the pharynx, larynx and lung in others. Indigenous habits of chewing and smoking seem to be primarily responsible for the high incidence of these cancers. Cancer of the cervix uteri is a major problem in women and cancer of the penis in men is relatively common in some parts of the country. Practical measures are discussed for the prevention of these cancers common in India. PMID- 7251629 TI - Cocarcinogenesis and tumor promoters of the diterpene ester type as possible carcinogenic risk factors. PMID- 7251630 TI - Metabolic activation of aromatic amines and dialkylnitrosamines. AB - Metabolic activation steps involved in carcinogenesis by several aromatic amines, their N-acetylated derivatives, and dialkylnitrosamines are reviewed. N Hydroxylation is the first activation step in the carcinogenesis by 2 acetylaminofluorene (AAF), other aromatic amides and amines. The cytochrome P-450 enzyme system is involved in AAF N-hydroxylation. Reconstitution studies indicate that the specificity of AAF N-hydroxylation is determined by the source of cytochrome P-450. Further metabolic activations of aromatic N-hydroxy amines and amides via sulfate, acetyl, and glucuronyl transfer reactions in the hepatic and extrahepatic tissue carcinogenesis by AAF, 4-aminobiphenyl, 2-naphthylamine, and aminoazo dyes are discussed. Dialkylnitrosamines are shown to be activated by oxidative dealkylation via cytochrome P-450 enzyme systems. Other microsomal enzymes are also believed to be involved in oxidation of these compounds. Tissue and species show specificity in oxidative metabolism of these carcinogens. During oxidation of these compounds, reactive alkylating species are generated which interact covalently with cellular macromolecules. DNA methylation does occur during NADPH dependent oxidation of dimethylnitrosamine by liver microsomes. High pressure liquid chromatography separation of acid hydrolyzed DNA indicates the presence of methylated bases including N-7 methylguanine and O6-methylguanine. It is believed that the presence of O6-alkylguanine in DNA may be responsible for the initiation of carcinogenesis by dialkylnitrosamines. PMID- 7251631 TI - Aflatoxins--experimental studies. AB - The susceptibility of animals to both chronic and acute aflatoxicosis is variable between species and depends upon not only the dose of the toxin and the duration of exposure but also upon the age, sex, and nutritional status of the animal. In general, acute toxicity is manifested by necrosis and cirrhosis, and chronic toxicity by carcinoma of the liver. Current research using both in vivo and in vitro studies has shown that the differences in response to aflatoxin in different animals can be attributed to their differential metabolism. The rates of metabolism and intermediate products formed are important factors in determining the type of toxic action of aflatoxin B1. According to these criteria, monkey and man are more susceptible to acute aflatoxicosis and relatively resistant to carcinogenic effects. On the other hand, animals, such as sheep and rat, are more susceptible to carcinogenic effects. PMID- 7251632 TI - Operational epidemiology of cancer. AB - Operational epidemiology is an action-oriented epidemiology directly aimed at cancer control. This approach has been elucidated by illustrating examples pertaining to cancer of oesophagus, lung, and breast. Using data collected by retrospective and prospective studies on these types of cancer it was observed that relative risk increases substantially when the various contributory factors are taken into account. Thus, the relative risk of oesophageal cancer increases when combined with the intake of hot tea-gruel. Relative risk increases further when other factors, such as nutritional deficiencies and cigarette smoking are considered. These studies support the well-known hypothesis of initiator and promotor mechanism of carcinogenesis. A few other modifying factors are also illustrated. Based on these studies strategies for intervention are suggested. PMID- 7251634 TI - Metal-induced infidelity of DNA synthesis. AB - A number of metals have been demonstrated to be mutagens in procaryotic and eucaryotic organisms as well as carcinogens in experimental animals. Epidemiologic studies have indicated that Ni, Cr, and As are involved in human carcinogenesis. We have hypothesized that the active molecular species is the cation and that metal induced mutations result from incorrect base-substitutions during DNA replication. This is supported by the observations that metal ions diminish the fidelity of DNA synthesis in vitro using a variety of DNA polymerases. There is a significant correlation between the metals that decrease fidelity and those that have been reported to be mutagenic and carcinogenic. Thus, metal carcinogens are no exception to the general postulate that carcinogens can be identified by their effects on DNA. PMID- 7251636 TI - Chewing and smoking habits in relation to precancer and oral cancer. AB - In a prospective epidemiologic house-to-house survey of a random sample in the district of Ernakulam in Kerala State, the annual incidence rate of leukoplakia per 1,000 adults was found to be 2.1 for males and 1.5 for females. The rate was highest in the mixed tobacco habits group and lowest (0) in the no habits group. During the same period, oral cancer developed only among the individuals, who had a history of a previously diagnosed oral lesion. Malignant transformation was significantly higher among the speckled leukoplakia cases. The rate of malignant transformation was also highest among leukoplakias associated with tobacco chewing habits. These results suggest that leukoplakias associated with different tobacco habits may have a different natural history. PMID- 7251635 TI - Oesophageal cancer in India. AB - Oesophageal cancer has a high incidence rate in India and both males and females are affected almost equally. A study of high-risk factors associated with this disease is presented. Bidi smoking, pan chewing with or without tobacco, and alcohol drinking are the factors strongly associated with oesophageal cancer in Bombay. PMID- 7251633 TI - Interaction of chemical carcinogens with macromolecules. AB - The nature of certain critical cellular reactions is discussed in terms of both mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Emphasis is placed on the ability of the ultimate carcinogen, normally formed in vivo by metabolism, to react with nucleic acids and, in particular, with nuclear DNA. The actions of N-nitroso compounds is examined in some detail and a possible correlation of the carcinogenic action of these compounds with their ability to react with oxygen-atoms in nucleic acids in considered. The formation of a specific lesion, O6-alkylguanine, in DNA and the capacity for its repair in different tissues is discussed with respect to tissue susceptibility to tumor induction. This discussion is extended to compare differences between species in the (tissue) specificity of action of particular N nitroso compounds. PMID- 7251638 TI - Liver cell cancer--intervention studies. AB - The field studies leading to possible intervention procedures are reviewed. Currently the most promising form of intervention is the prevention of aflatoxin contamination of foodstuffs. It is essential that these are monitored and their efficacy in lowering the incidence of liver cancer measured. The association of liver cancer with hepatitis B infection may be a confounding factor and the impact of this on the study population must also be considered. The imminent production of vaccines for hepatitis B infection may provide an alternative or additional mode of intervention. The possibilities for intervention in liver cell cancer appear one of the brighter prospects for primary prevention of a cancer. PMID- 7251637 TI - Environmental carcinogens in the city air and lung cancer incidence. AB - Possible contribution of polycyclic hydrocarbons, trace metals, and gaseous pollutants to the incidence of lung cancer in the urban populations has been considered, including the role of carcinogens in the cigarette smoke. A long-term plan has been proposed for the epidemiological studies and control of urban lung cancer incidence. A comparative assessment of lung cancer mortality rate for occupational, urban, and rural exposure to levels of benzo(a)pyrene typical of these environments is presented. PMID- 7251639 TI - Environmental cancer in the Indian context. PMID- 7251640 TI - Iatrogenic carcinogenesis. AB - In a wider sense iatrogenic carcinogenesis means the induction of cancer by medical treatment. Some drugs have been now identified to be carcinogenic not only in experimental animals but also in man. For example, chlornaphazine used in the treatment of polycythemia has been proved to induce bladder cancer in 30% of the patients treated. This is also true for alkylating agents which are used as cytostatics in cancer treatment. Adjuvant chemotherapy must be used with due caution. There is probably one iatrogenic carcinoma in 10,000 cases. Hence, it is important to analyze the risk-benefit ratio of such drugs. PMID- 7251641 TI - Test systems for mutagenicity screening of environmental chemicals and their relevance for the evaluation of genetic hazards to man. AB - Mutagenicity test systems play a dual role in public health: (1) to identify chemicals in our environment that are capable of causing genetic alterations and thus pose a threat of genetic damage to generations yet unborn and (2) as a faster screen (than many of the conventional carcinogenicity tests) to identify chemicals with carcinogenic potentials. In this paper the different mutagenicity test systems currently available are reviewed together with a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages. It is argued that our current data base does not permit a realistic quantitative assessment of genetic hazards ensuing from exposure to environmental chemicals and that only qualitative conclusions are possible. A framework which may be useful in the context of the latter is briefly outlined. PMID- 7251645 TI - Sodium nitroprusside pharmacoangiography: arteriographic enhancement by local vasodilation. AB - Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was injected intra-arterially into the right femoral artery of five dogs, to promote arteriographic enhancement with minimal systemic effects. Injection of 3 microgram/Kg SNP or more, produced tachycardia, hypotension and increased pulsatile arterial blood flow. a 36% pulsatile arterial flow increase, which lasted 25 seconds or less, was the most remarkable systemic change seen after intra-arterial injection of 2.5 microgram/Kg SNP. Small doses were followed by even lesser systemic changes but were ineffective in promoting arteriographic enhancement. Comparison of arteriograms obtained before and after 2.5 microgram/Kg SNP injection showed increased arterial diameter, greater architectural detail and extensive visualization of previously undetected smaller arteries in post-SNP angiograms. Thus, suggesting that 2.5 microgram/Kg was the optimal SNP dose for production of local arterial without remarkable systemic effects. Good results of SNP pharmacoangiography in this experimental series suggest that further research on this topic is warranted. PMID- 7251642 TI - Dissection of the thoracic aorta. A comparison between medical and surgical treatment. AB - We have reviewed 113 patients with acute thoracic aortic dissection seen between 1965 and 1979. There were no "diagnostic" symptoms or signs of acute dissection, and diagnosis could only be reliably made by aortography. The latter also allowed typing of the dissection (De Bakey classification) which permitted appropriate therapy to be instituted. Aortography should be performed early because of the high mortality of this condition within the first 24 hours. Early surgery is warranted in all patients with Type I dissection since it significantly increases long term survival: 40% 5 year-survival for surgical treatment compared with 13% survival for medical treatment (p less than 0.01). There is no significant difference in long or short term survival for patients with Type III dissection whether patients are treated medically or surgically. PMID- 7251644 TI - Phlebectasia within the sural nerve. AB - During the period of one year, 222 patients were submitted to corrective surgery for varicose veins of the lower limbs; in 170 the short saphenous vein was removed. In ten of the latter patients there was phlebectasia of veins lying within the sural nerve. Intra-operative phlebography showed communicating veins between the area of phlebectasia and the deep venous system. These atypical communicating veins directed the venous flow toward the fibular and posterior tibial veins. The authors discuss the importance of these findings. PMID- 7251643 TI - Management of vena caval injuries: the Vietnam vascular registry review. AB - Injuries to major vessels during combat have been associated with high mortality and morbidity, despite optimal triage and management. Eighty-two vena caval injuries from the Vietnam Vascular Registry (VVR) series have been studied. The nature of the wounding agents, location of wounds, and associated injuries have been documented and are contrasted with those of recent civilian series. Seventy eight abdominal vena caval injuries were associated with mortality in 18 (23%), in whom 56 underwent repair of the injury and 15 had ligation of the inferior vena cava. This is the largest series reported of war-related vena caval injuries, and therapeutic alternatives and general recommendations derived from this review are presented. PMID- 7251646 TI - A case of aortic septal defect, associated with patent ductus arteriosus and aberrant right subclavian artery. AB - This report describes an operation, successfully performed by the authors, on an aorta septal defect (A-P Window) associated with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA). When an A-O Window is complicated by PDA and ARSA, preoperative diagnosis is often difficult. It is often mistaken for a large PDA and ARSA. Therefore at the time of operation of a large PDA and ARSA, it is necessary tao keep artificial heart-lung machine ready so that the A-P Window can be corrected at the same operation if necessary. In this case, the aortopulmonary communication was closed directly by transpulmonary approach under profound hypothermia with extracorporeal circulation after the division of ductus arteriosus and the dissection and mobilization of the stenotic esophagus from surrounding tissues of the ARSA. The division of the ARSA was not carried out, because patient was asymptomatic. The A-P Window associated with PDA and ARSA has apparently not been reported. PMID- 7251647 TI - Manipulation of cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions in mouse mammary tumor epithelial cells using broad spectrum antisera. AB - Two antisera were raised in goats against material shed by two different mammary epithelial cell lines into serum-free culture medium. These antisera, when added to the medium of intact, growing mouse mammary tumor cells in the absence of complement, cause distinct and dramatic alterations in cell morphology and adhesiveness. One antiserum (anti-SFM I) causes mouse mammary tumor epithelial cells to round and detach from the substratum. Treatment with the other antiserum (anti-SFM II) does not affect cell-substratum interactions, but causes the cells to convert from an epitheloid to a fibroblastic morphology. Statistical analysis of transmission electron micrographs of control and antibody-treated cells indicates that treatment with anti-SFM II is associated with a substantial reduction in the extent of intercellular junctions, particularly desmosomes. To identify the components with which the two antisera interact, nonionic detergent extracts of mouse mammary tumor cells were fractionated, and the ability of various fractions to block the morphological effects of either antiserum was determined. The whole Nonidet P40 (NP40) extract of the epithelial cells blocked the effects of both antisera. After the extract was subjected to ion exchange and lectin affinity chromatography, two separate fractions were obtained. One fraction blocks and anti-SFM I induced rounding and detachment of cells from the substratum. The second fraction blocks the effects of both antisera. The isolation of the former fraction, which has highly restricted number of components, represents a significant first step toward identifying the surface membrane molecule(s) involved in cell-substratum adhesion in epithelial cells. PMID- 7251649 TI - Cell population heterogeneity in the inducibility of DNA synthesis in human diploid fibroblasts. AB - The initiation of nuclear DNA synthesis has been studied in cytochalasin B (CB) induced binucleate human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38 cells). Mitotic cells from different passage levels were rendered binucleate by a brief pulse of CB. The cells were then washed free of the drug, and DNA synthesis was studied by [3H]thymidine labeling. The results showed that, in a small percentage of binucleate cells, one nucleus was labeled (S phase) and the other nucleus was unlabeled (G1 phase). There was no significant difference in the percentage of these cells with increasing passage levels. The results of this study suggest that some WI-38 cells retire from the cell cycle at different passage levels, and thereby become refractory to inducers of nuclear DNA synthesis generated by sister cells in S phase. PMID- 7251648 TI - The Mr 165,000 M-protein myomesin: a specific protein of cross-striated muscle cells. AB - The tissue specificity of chicken 165,000 M-protein, tentatively names "myomesin", a tightly bound component of the M-line region of adult skeletal and heart myofibrils, was investigated by immunological techniques. Besides skeletal and heart muscle, only thymus (known to contain myogenic cells) was found to contain myomesin. No myomesin could however, be detected in smooth muscle or any other tissue tested. This result was confirmed in vitro on several cultured embryonic cell types. Only skeletal and heart muscle cells, but not smooth muscle or fibroblast cells, showed the presence of myomesin. When the occurrence and the distribution of myomesin during differentiation of breast muscle cells in culture were studied by the indirect immunofluorescence technique, this protein was first detected in postmitotic, nonproliferating myoblasts in a regular pattern of fluorescent cross-striations. In electron micrographs of sections through young myotubes, it could be shown to be present within the forming H-zones of nascent myofibrils. In large myotubes the typical striation pattern in the M-line region of the myofibrils was observed. Synthesis of myomesin measured by incorporation of [35S]methionine into immunoprecipitable protein of differentiating cells increased sharply after approximately 48 h in culture, i.e., at the time when the major myofibrillar proteins are accumulated. No significant amounts of myomesin were, however, found in cells prevented from undergoing normal myogenesis by 5' bromodeoxyuridine. The results indicate that myomesin (a) is a myofibrillar protein specific for cross-striated muscle, (b) represents a highly specific marker for cross-striated muscle cell differentiation and (c) might play an important role in myofibril assembly and/or maintenance. PMID- 7251650 TI - Characterization of the cilia and ciliary membrane proteins of wild-type Paramecium tetraurelia and a pawn mutant. AB - Cilia and ciliary membranes were isolated from axenically grown, wild-type Paramecium tetraurelia strain 51s and from the extreme pawn mutant strain, d495, derived from this parental strain. Over 60 protein bands having molecular weights of 15 to greater than 300 kdaltons were detected by Coomassie Blue staining of whole cilia proteins separated by one-dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. About 30 of these protein bands were visible in Coomassie Blue stained membrane separations. About 60 bands were detected by silver staining of one-dimensional gels of membrane proteins. Differences between Coomassie Blue stained separations of wild-type and pawn mutant strain d495 membrane proteins were seen in the quantity of a band present at 43 kdaltons. Radioiodination of cell surface proteins labeled approximately 15 protein bands in both wild-type and mutant cilia. The major axonemal proteins were unlabeled. Six membrane glycoproteins were identified by staining one-dimensional separations with iodinated concanavalin A and lentil lectin, two lectins that specifically bind both glucose and mannose residues. Two major neutral sugar species present in an acid hydrolysate of the cilia preparation were tentatively identified as glucose and mannose by gas chromatography of the alditol acetate derivatives. PMID- 7251651 TI - Disappearance of macrophage surface folds after antibody-dependent phagocytosis. AB - We have employed the method of Burwen and Satir (J. Cell Biol., 1977, 74:690) to measure the disappearance of surface folds from resident guinea pig peritoneal macrophages after antibody-dependent phagocytosis. Unilamellar phospholipid vesicles containing dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and 1 mol % dinitrophenyl epsilon-aminocaproyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, a lipid that possesses a hapten headgroup, were prepared by an ether injection technique. These vesicles were taken up by macrophages in a time- and temperature-dependent fashion. Vesicles that contained ferritin trapped in the internal aqueous volume were identified within macrophages by transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy has shown that macrophage surface folds decrease dramatically after phagocytosis. The surface fold length (micrometer) per unit smooth sphere surface area (micrometer2) decreases from 1.3 +/- 0.3 micrometer-1 to 0.53 +/- 0.25 micrometer-1 when cells are incubated in the presence of specific anti-DNP antibody and vesicles at 37 degrees C. No significant effect was observed in the presence of antibody only or vesicles only. Our studies shown that phagocytosis is associated with a loss of cell surface folds and a loss of cell surface area, which is consonant with current views of the endocytic process. On the basis of our uptake data, we estimate that approximately 400 micrometer2 of vesicle surface membrane is internalized. The guinea pig macrophage plasma membrane has a total area of approximately 400 micrometer2 in control studies, whereas the cells have roughly 300 micrometer2 after phagocytosis. These estimates of surface areas include membrane ruffles and changes directly related to changes in cell volume. We suggest that during antibody-dependent phagocytosis a membrane reservoir is made available to the cell surface. PMID- 7251652 TI - Shift in collagen type as an early response to induction of the metanephric mesenchyme. AB - Conversion of the nephrogenic mesenchyme into epithelial tubules requires an inductive stimulus from the ureter bud. Here we show with immunofluorescence techniques that the undifferentiated mesenchyme before induction expresses uniformly type I and type III collagens. Induction both in vivo and in vitro leads to a loss of these proteins and to the appearance of basement membrane components including type IV collagen. This change correlates both spatially and temporally with the determination of the mesenchyme and precedes and morphological events. During morphogenesis, type IV collagen concentrates at the borders of the developing tubular structures where, by electron microscopy, a thin, often discontinuous basal lamina was seen to cover the first pretubular cell aggregates. Subsequently, the differentiating tubules were surrounded by a well-developed basal lamina. No loss of the interstitial collagens was seen in the metanephric mesenchyme when brought into contact with noninducing tissues or when cultured alone. Similar observations were made with nonnephrogenic mesenchyme (salivary, lung) when exposed to various heterotypic tissues known to induce tubules in the nephrogenic mesenchyme. The sequential shift in the composition of the extracellular matrix from an interstitial, mesenchymal type to a differentiated, epithelial type is so far the first detectable response of the nephrogenic mesenchyme to the tubule-inducing signal. PMID- 7251653 TI - Subcellular compartmentalization of maize storage proteins in Xenopus oocytes injected with zein messenger RNAs. AB - Maize storage proteins synthesized in oocytes were compartmentalized in membrane vesicles because they were resistant to hydrolysis by protease, unless detergent was present. The site of storage protein deposition within the oocyte was determined by subcellular fractionation. Optimal separation of oocyte membranes and organelles was obtained when EDTA and high concentrations of NaCl were included in the homogenization and gradient buffers. Under these conditions, fractions in sucrose gradients containing a heterogeneous mixture of smooth membranes (presumably endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and plasma membrane, density = 1.10-1.12 g/cm3), mitochondria (densities = 1.14 and 1.16 g/cm3), yolk platelets (density = 1.21 g/cm3), and a dense matrix material (density = 1.22 g/cm3) could be separated. Some zein proteins were recovered in the mixed membrane fraction, but the majority occurred in vesicles sedimenting with yolk platelets and granular material at a density of approximately 1.22 g/cm3. When metrizamide was included in the gradient to increase the density, little of the dense matrix material was isolated, and vesicles containing zein proteins were separated from other oocyte components. These vesicles were similar to protein bodies in maize endosperm because they were of identical density and contained the same group of polypeptides. PMID- 7251654 TI - Effect of various hepatic membrane fractions on microtubule assembly-with special emphasis on the role of membrane phospholipids. AB - This report describes an interaction between rat brain microtubule protein and various hepatic fractions in vitro. Purified preparations of Golgi membranes, plasma membrane, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membranes, and mitochondria were obtained from the livers of 200-g rats. Several concentrations of fresh or sonicated frozen membranes were incubated with twice-cycled rat brain microtubule protein in a microtubule assembly buffer for 60 min at 30 degrees C. Changes in microtubule assembly were assessed either by quantitative electron microscopy on negatively stained samples or by spectrophotometric methods. The results show that all the tested membranes "bound" microtubule protein, preventing assembly: Golgi and plasma membranes, as well as mitochondria, were especially potent in this regard. To identify the membrane-associated components responsible for microtubule protein binding, the membranes were extracted with methanol-chloroform, and liposomes were prepared from the resulting lipids. Microtubule protein incubated with these liposomes showed a differential ability to assemble that was similar to the effect obtained with intact membranes. Membrane-extracted phospholipids were identified as the lipid component responsible for these changes, with the negatively charged phospholipids (cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine) being uniquely active. These findings indicate that hepatic membranes differentially interact with brain microtubule protein; this interaction may be dependent on membrane phospholipids. PMID- 7251655 TI - Arrangement of tubulin subunits and microtubule-associated proteins in the central-pair microtubule apparatus of squid (Loligo pealei) sperm flagella. AB - This study provides a comprehensive, high-resolution structural analysis of the central-pair microtubule apparatus of sperm flagella. It describes the arrangement of several microtubule-associated "sheath" components and suggests, contrary to previous thinking, that microtubules are structurally asymmetric. The two microtubules of the central pair are different in several respects: the C2 tubule bears a single row of 18-nm-long sheath projections with an axial periodicity of 16 nm, whereas the C1 tubule possesses rows of 9-nm globular sheath components with an axial repeat of 32 nm. The lumen of the C2 tubule always appears completely filled with electron-dense material; that of the C1 tubule is frequently hollow. The C2 tubule also possesses a series of beaded chains arranged around the microtubule; the beaded chains are composed of globular subunits 7.5-10 nm in diameter and appear to function in the pairing of the C1 and C2 tubules. These findings indicate: that the beaded chains are not helical, but assume the form of lock washers arranged with a 16-nm axial periodicity on the microtubule; and that the lattice of tubulin dimers in the C2 tubule is not helically symmetric, but that there are seams between certain pairs of protofilaments. Proposed lattice models predict that, because of these seams, central pair and perhaps all singlet microtubules may contain a ribbon of 2-5 protofilaments that are resistant to solubilization; these models are supported by the results of the accompanying paper (R. W. Linck, and G. L. Langevin. 1981. J. Cell Biol. 89: 323-337. PMID- 7251656 TI - Reassembly of flagellar B (alpha beta) tubulin into singlet microtubules: consequences for cytoplasmic microtubule structure and assembly. AB - B(alpha beta) tubulin was obtained from a homogeneous class of microtubules, the incomplete B subfiber of sea urchin sperm flagellar doublet microtubules, by thermal fractionation. The thermally derived soluble B tubulin fraction (100, 000 g-h) repolymerizes in vitro, yielding microtubule-like structures. The microtubule-associated protein (MAP) composition and certain assembly parameters of thermally derived B tubulin are different from those reported for sonication derived flageller tubulin and purified vertebrate tubulin. The "microtubules" reassembled from thermally prepared B tubulin are composed of 12-15 protofilaments (73% possess 14 protofilaments). A certain number possess a single "adlumenal component" applied to their inside walls, regardless of the number of protofilaments. Following the first cycle of polymerization, 81% of the B tubulin and essentially 100% of the MAPs remain cold insoluble. Evidence suggests that B tubulin assembles faithfully into a B lattice, creating a j seam between two protofilaments that are laterally bonded in a A-lattice configuration. The significance of these seams is discussed in relation to the mechanism of microtubule assembly, the stability of observed ribbons of protofilaments, and the three-dimensional organization of microtubule-associated components. PMID- 7251657 TI - Structural polarity of kinetochore microtubules in PtK1 cells. AB - The polarity of kinetochore microtubules (MTs) has been studied in lysed PtK1 cells by polymerizing hook-shaped sheets of neurotubulin onto walls of preexisting cellular MTs in a fashion that reveals their structural polarity. Three different approaches are presented here: (a) we have screened the polarity of all MTs in a given spindle cross section taken from the region between the kinetochores and the poles, (b) we have determined the polarity of kinetochore MTs are more stable to cold-treated spindles; this approach takes advantage of the fact that kinetochore MTs are more stable to cold treatment than other spindle MTs; and (c) we have tracked bundles of kinetochore MTs from the vicinity of the pole to the outer layer of the kinetochore in cold-treated cells. In an anaphase cell, 90-95% of all MTs in an area between the kinetochores and the poles are of uniform polarity with their plus ends (i.e., fast growing ends) distal to the pole. In cold-treated cells, all bundles of kinetochore MTs show the same polarity; the plus ends of the MTs are located at the kinetochores. We therefore conclude that kinetochore MTs in both metaphase and anaphase cells have the same polarity as the aster MTs in each half-spindle. These results can be interpreted in two ways: (a) virtually all MTs are initiated at the spindle poles and some of the are "captured" by matured kinetochores using an as yet unknown mechanism to bind the plus ends of existing MTs; (b) the growth of kinetochore MTs is initiated at the kinetochore in such a way that the fast growing MT end is proximal to the kinetochore. Our data are inconsistent with previous kinetochore MT polarity determinations based on growth rate measurements in vitro. These studies used drug-treated cells from which chromosomes were isolated to serve as seeds for initiation of neurotubule polymerization. It is possible that under these conditions kinetochores will initiate MTs with a polarity opposite to the one described here. PMID- 7251658 TI - Phenotype-dependent response of cultured aortic smooth muscle to serum mitogens. AB - Smooth muscle cells from the aortic media of adult pigs and monkeys have been grown in primary culture by plating cells enzymatically dissociated from the intact aorta. During the first 6 d these cells are in the "contractile" phenotype. That is, they contract slowly in response to angiotensin II and their cytoplasm is filled with both thick and thin myofilaments. In this state they do not incorporate [3H]thymidine into DNA or proliferate in response to normolipemic or hyperlipemic whole blood serum (WBS). After 7 d in culture the cells undergo a spontaneous modulation of phenotype to a "synthetic" state where they cannot be stimulated to contract and their cytoplasm is filled with organelles usually associated with synthesis of secretory protein. Thick myosin-containing filaments can no longer be demonstrated. When challenged with normolipemic or hyperlipemic WBS the cells incorporate [3H]thymidine into DNA and undergo logarithmic growth. It is suggested that when smooth muscle is the contractile phenotype (as normally exists for most cells in the aortic media of adult animals) it does not divide when challenged with serum mitogens but can undergo a change of phenotype to a synthetic state in which division can be stimulated. PMID- 7251659 TI - Tubulin pools in differentiating neuroblastoma cells. AB - The distribution of tubulin in soluble, reversibly stabilized (assembled) and insoluble forms has been determined in neuroblastoma cells undergoing microtubule dependent neurite elongation. Procedures were developed to obtain reproducible tubulin fractions and to assay total tubulin. Radioimmunoassays showed that both differentiated and nondifferentiated cell contained approximately 4 pg of tubulin per cell, of which 3-10% was in an insoluble, particulate form. The amount of tubulin assembled in differentiated cells was four to five times greater than in nondifferentiated cells, constituting 48-63% and 11-16% of the total tubulin pool in the respective cell types. Calculation of the concentration of soluble tubulin indifferentiated cells (approximately 0.8 mg/ml) and nondifferentiated cells (approximately 1.6 mg/ml) indicates that a critical concentration of subunits probably does not limit the induction of microtubule formation during neurite elongation. PMID- 7251660 TI - Isolation, ultrastructure, and protein composition of the flagellar rootlet of Naegleria gruberi. AB - Attached to the basal bodies of Naegleria gruberi flagellates is a striated rootlet or rhizoplast. The rootlet-basal body complex has been isolated by Triton X-100 lysis of deflagellated cells and differential centrifugation through a 25% glycerol medium. Rootlets isolated from mature flagellates are approximately 13 micrometers long but vary from 8 to 15 micrometers in length: they taper at both ends from a maximum width of approximately 0.25 micrometers in the vicinity of the basal bodies. They are highly stable during isolation but can be solubilized by urea, high salt, low pH, or detergent (Sarkosyl). Partial dissociation of rootlets with 1 M urea reveals that they are composed of filaments, approximately 5 nm diameter, associated in a linear fashion to yield the characteristic 21-nm cross-banded appearance. Differential solubilization of rootlets and their associated contaminants allowed identification of a major rootlet protein, comprising at least 50% of any purified rootlet preparation, with an apparent subunit molecular weight of 170,000. The localization of rootlets in situ by indirect immunofluorescence using a specific antibody directed against the purified rootlet protein demonstrated unequivocally that this 170,000-dalton protein is an organelle component. PMID- 7251661 TI - Function of a calmodulin in postsynaptic densities. II. Presence of a calmodulin activatable protein kinase activity. AB - Because the calmodulin in postsynaptic densities (PSDs) activates a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, we decided to explore the possibility that the PSD also contains a calmodulin-activatable protein kinase activity. As seen by autoradiographic analysis of coomassie blue-stained SDS polyacrylamide gels, many proteins in a native PSD preparation were phosphorylated in the presence of [gamma-(32)P]ATP and Mg(2+) alone. Addition of Ca(2+) alone to the native PSD preparation had little or no effect on phosphorylation. However, upon addition of exogenous calmodulin there was a general increase in background phosphorylation with a statistically significant increase in the phosphorylation of two protein regions: 51,000 and 62,000 M(r). Similar results were also obtained in sonicated or freeze thawed native PSD preparations by addition of Ca(2+) alone without exogenous calmodulin, indicating that the calmodulin in the PSD can activate the kinase present under certain conditions. The calmodulin dependency of the reaction was further strengthened by the observed inhibition of the calmodulin activatable phosphorylation, but not of the Mg(2+)-dependent activity, by the Ca(2+) chelator, EGTA, which also removes the calmodulin from the structure (26), and by the binding to calmodulin of the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine in the presence of Ca(2+). In addition, when a calmodulin-deficient PSD preparation was prepared (26), sonicated, and incubated with [gamma-(32)P]ATP, Mg(2+) and Ca(2+), one could not induce a Ca(2+)-stimulation of protein kinase activity unless exogenous calmodulin was added back to the system, indicating a reconstitution of calmodulin into the PSD. We have also attempted to identify the two major phosphorylated proteins. Based on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it appears that the major 51,000 M(r) PSD protein is the one that is phosphorylated and not the 51,000 M(r) component of brain intermediate filaments, which is a known PSD contaminant. In addition, papain digestion of the 51,000 M(r) protein revealed multiple phosphorylation sites different from those phosphorylated by the Mg(2+)-dependent kinase(s). Finally, although the calmodulin-activatable protein kinase may phosphorylate proteins I(a) and I(b), the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, which definitely does phosphorylate protein I(a) and I(b) and is present in the PSD, does not phosphorylate the 51,000 and 62,000 M(r) proteins, because specific inhibition of this kinase has no effect on the levels of the phosphorylation of these latter two proteins. PMID- 7251662 TI - Analytical study of microsomes and isolated subcellular membranes from rat liver VIII. Subfractionation of preparations enriched with plasma membranes, outer mitochondrial membranes, or Golgi complex membranes. AB - Preparations enriched with plasmalemmal, outer mitochondrial, or Golgi complex membranes from rat liver were subfractionated by isopycnic centrifugation, without or after treatment with digitonin, to establish the subcellular distribution of a variety of enzymes. The typical plasmalemmal enzymes 5' nucleotidase, alkaline phosphodiesterase I, and alkaline phosphatase were markedly shifted by digitonin toward higher densities in all three preparations. Three glycosyltransferases, highly purified in the Golgi fraction, were moderately shifted by digitonin in both this Golgi complex preparation and the microsomal fraction. The outer mitochondrial membrane marker, monoamine oxidase, was not affected by digitonin in the outer mitochondrial membrane marker, monoamine oxidase, was not affected by digitonin in the out mitochondrial membrane preparation, in agreement wit its behavior in microsomes. With the exception of NADH cytochrome c reductase (which was concentrated in the outer mitochondrial membrane preparation), typical microsomal enzymes (glucose-6 phosphatase, esterase, and NADPH cytochrome c reductase) displayed low specific activities in the three preparations; except for part of the glucose-6 phosphatase activity in the plasma membrane preparation, their density distributions were insensitive to digitonin, as they were in microsomes. The influence of digitonin on equilibrium densities was correlated with its morphological effects. Digitonin induced pseudofenestrations in plasma membranes. In Golgi and outer mitochondrial membrane preparations, a few similarly altered membranes were detected in subfractions enriched with 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphodiesterase I. The alterations of Golgi membranes were less obvious and seemingly restricted to some elements in the Golgi preparation. No morphological modification was detected in digitonin-treated outer mitochondrial membranes. These results indicate that each enzyme is associated with the same membrane entity in all membrane preparations and support the view that there is little overlap in the enzymatic equipment of the various types of cytomembranes. PMID- 7251663 TI - Fluidity properties and liquid composition of erythrocyte membranes in Chediak Higashi syndrome. AB - We have earlier shown through electron spin resonance (ESR) studies of leukocytes that membranes of cells from both Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) mice and humans have abnormally high fluidity. We have extended our studied to erythrocytes. Erythrocytes were labeled with the nitroxide-substituted analogue of stearic acid, 2-(3-carboxypropyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-tridecyl-3-oxazolidinyloxyl, and ESR spectra were obtained. Order parameter, S, at 23 degrees C, was 0.661 and 0.653 for erythrocytes of normal and CHS mice (P less than 0.001). S was 0.684 for normal human erythrocytes and 0.675 (P less than 0.001) for CHS erythrocytes at 25 degrees C. Because S varies inversely to fluidity, these results indicate that CHS erythrocytes tend to have higher fluidity than normal. In vitro treatment of both mice and human CHS erythrocytes with 10 mM ascorbate returned their membrane fluidity to normal. We prepared erythrocyte ghosts and extracted them with CHCl3:CH3OH (2:1). Gas-liquid chromatography analysis showed a greater number of unsaturated fatty acids for CHS. The average number of double bonds detected in fatty acids for mice on a standard diet was 1.77 for normal and 2.02 for CHS (P less than 0.04); comparison of human erythrocytes from one normal control and one CHS patient showed a similar trend. Our results suggest that an increased proportion of unsaturated fatty acids may contribute to increased fluidity of CHS erythrocytes. Our observation that both leukocytes and erythrocytes of CHS have abnormal fluidity indicates that CHS pathophysiology may relate to a general membrane disorder. PMID- 7251664 TI - Lectin labeling of sprouting neurons. I. Regional distribution of surface glycoconjugates. AB - Well-defined ferritin-conjugated lectins were used to map glycoconjugates on the surface of sprouting neurons from rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and spinal cord (SC). The cultured neurons were exposed to the markers and processed for electron microscopy, and the number of ferritin particles per unit area of plasmalemma was measured in three different regions: perikaryon, neuritic shaft, and growth cone. Three different binding patterns are observed for different lectin: equal receptor density throughout the plasmalemma of the growing neuron (e.g., Ricinus communis agglutinin I in SCG neurons), gradual decrease (e.g., wheat-germ agglutinin in SCG and SC neurons) and gradual increase (e.g., Ricinus communis agglutinin II in SC neurons) in the density of lectin receptors as one moves from the perikaryon to the growth cone. Furthermore, lectin receptor densities differ in the two types of neurons analyzed. We can conclude that the plasmalemma of the growth cone has biochemical properties different from those of the perikaryon, and that the neuron's structural polarity is expressed in its surface glycoconjugates. This phenomenon may be related to the growth cone's special functional properties and to the process of expansion of the plasma membrane. PMID- 7251665 TI - Lectin labeling of sprouting neurons. II. Relative movement and appearance of glycoconjugates during plasmalemmal expansion. AB - To study the dynamics of membrane components during neuritic growth, we carried out a series of pulse-chase experiments with ferritin-conjugated and unconjugated lectins on sympathetic neurons sprouting in vitro. Labeling of aldehyde-prefixed cultures with wheat-germ agglutinin or with the galactose-specific lectin of Ricinus communis is consistently dense near the distal end of the neurites. By contrast, if live cultures are labeled with these lectins and chased for 3-20 min, label-free plasmalemmal areas appear in the most peripheral regions of the growth cone, on filopodia and, furthermore, over vesicle clusters (SPVs). These marker-free areas, however, contain lectin receptors, as can be shown by relabeling the chased cultures with the same lectins after the aldehyde fixation. In a further set of experiments, cultures are labeled with a saturating concentration of native lectin, chased, aldehyde-fixed, and then relabeled with the ferritin conjugate of the same lectin. In this case, the surfaces of filopodia and of SPV clusters are selectively labeled with the ferritin conjugate, indicating the insertion of new lectin receptors into the plasma membrane in the growth cone periphery. These results indicate that plasmalemmal expansion in the neuron occurs by a mechanism of polarized growth, possibly involving SPVs as plasmalemmal precursor vesicles. PMID- 7251666 TI - Cell polarity: an examination of its behavioral expression and its consequences for polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis. AB - Locomoting polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) exhibit a morphological polarity. We demonstrate that they also exhibit a behavioral polarity in their responsiveness to chemotactic factor stimulation. This is demonstrated by (a) the pattern of their locomotion in a homogeneous concentration of chemotactic factors, (b) their responses to increases in the homogeneous concentration of chemotactic factors, and (c) their responses to changes in the direction of a chemotactic gradient. The behavioral polarity is not a function of the rate of locomotion of the particular stimulant used to orient the cells, but may reflect an asymmetric distribution of chemotactic receptors or the motile machinery. The polar behavior affects the chemotactic ability of PMNs. The data are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms of sensing a chemotactic gradient. PMID- 7251667 TI - Absence of sugars in electrophoretically purified cytochrome b5 demonstrated by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - The problem of determining small but significant amounts of carbohydrates, in purified proteins, has been studied using the membrane protein, cytochrome b5. A newly developed method that involves direct gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of sugars obtained by hydrolysis of proteins purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) allows the identification and determination of small amounts of carbohydrates (e.g., 20 micrograms of glycoprotein containing a minimum of 0.1% monosaccharide), even in the presence of relatively high amounts of impurities. Application of this method to cytochrome b5 fragments obtained by tryptic digestion from rat liver microsomes and purified by combined gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography, followed by SDS PAGE, has consistently yielded values below 0.07 mol of the individual sugars and aminosugars per mole cytochrome b5. It is concluded that cytochrome b5, at least its trypsin-released major amino-terminal fragment, is not constitutively glycosylated. PMID- 7251668 TI - Compaction and particle segregation in myelin membrane arrays. AB - Compacted membrane arrays are formed in the nerve myelin sheath by lowering the water activity (through evaporation or immersion in hypertonic solutions of nonelectrolytes or monovalent salts) or by binding specific cations (Ca(++), La(+++), and tetracaine at concentrations above 5-10 mM). X-ray diffraction observations on intact, hydrated nerves treated to induce compaction provide a control to assess the significance of structural changes seen by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Compaction inevitably leads to lateral segregation of particles away from the closely packed membrane arrays into contiguous normal, or slightly expanded, period arrays. In the particle-enriched layers, the E fracture face is more particle-dense than the P face, whereas no particles are found on either face in the compacted layers. Morphologically, compaction induced by the all-or-nothing, relatively irreversible action of specific cations cannot be distinguished from compaction to the same extent induced by the graded, reversible effects of nonelectrolytes. Compaction by sodium chloride resembles that by specific- cation binding in that the repeat period is independent of reagent concentration; but, like dehydration by nonelectrolytes, the extent of compaction is reversibly related to reagent concentration. Sodium chloride compacted myelin can be distinguished morphologically by a lack of the elongated border particles at the boundary between smooth and particle-enriched membrane observed for other compacting treatments. Fracture faces in compacted arrays are not always smooth, but the unusual appearances can be duplicated in purified myelin lipid multilayers subjected to similar treatments, which indicates that the particle-free membrane fracture faces are uninterrupted lipid hydrocarbon layers. Correlation of x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy observations provides a direct basis for identifying the intramembrane particles with transmembrane protein. The transmembrane protein appears to play a significant role in maintaining the normal membrane separation; swelling of the particle enriched arrays in myelin compacted by tetracaine at low ionic strength provides information about the charge distribution on the transmembrane protein. Swelling of the compacted arrays following irreversible particle segregation shows that the interaction properties of the particle-free membranes are similar to those of pure lipid multilayers. Compaction and the consequent particle segregation in lyelin results from conditions stabilizing close apposition of the lipid bilayers. Particle segregation in areas of close contact between other cell membranes may also be driven by interbilayer attractive forces. PMID- 7251669 TI - Synthesis of heat-shock proteins by cells undergoing myogenesis. AB - Subjecting 24-h-old cultures of quail myoblasts to incubation at an elevated temperature causes the pattern of protein synthesis to shift from the production of a broad spectrum of different proteins to the enhanced synthesis of a small number of heat-shock proteins. The synthesis of four major heat-induced polypeptides with Mrs of 88,000, 82,000, 64,000 and 25,000 achieve levels comparable to that of the major structural protein, actin. Two-dimensional electrophoretic separation and fluorographic analysis of these polypeptides establish that those with Mrs of 94,000, 88,000, 82,000, and 64,000 and pIs of 5.1, 5.2, 5.2, and 5.4, respectively, are synthesized by heat-shocked as well as by control (albeit not as intense) cultures. However, the synthesis of polypeptides with Mrs of 94,000, 64,000, and 25,000 and pI's of 5.2, 5.8, and 5.4, respectively, is detectable only in myoblasts shifted to a higher temperature. Recovery of heat-shocked myoblasts, to a normal preinduction pattern of polypeptide synthesis, takes approximately 8 h. Similar studies, completed in older, more differentiated myogenic cells, demonstrated that as cells progress through myogenesis their ability to respond to a similar temperature shift is diminished. The synthesis of some myoblastlike heat-shock proteins by fusing of cells or by myotubes requires that they be maintained at an elevated temperature at least twice as long as myoblasts. This observation and the demonstration that heat-shocked myotubes do not synthesize detectable levels of the 25,000-dalton polypeptide found in heat-shocked myoblasts, suggest that the synthetic response of myogenic cells to heat shock is dependent on the differentiative state of these cells. PMID- 7251671 TI - Single bacteriorhodopsin molecules revealed on both surfaces of freeze-dried and heavy metal-decorated purple membranes. AB - The flat sheets of the purple membrane from Halobacterium halobium contain only a single protein (bacteriorhodopsin) arranged in a hexagonal lattice. After freeze drying at -80 degrees C (a method that is superior to air-drying), shadowing with tantalum/tungsten, and image processing, structural details on both surfaces are portrayed in the range of 2 nm. One surface is rough and lattice lines are clearly visible, whereas the other is smooth and the hexagonal order seems to be absent. The optical diffraction patterns, however, indicate a hexagonal lattice for both surfaces. In addition, these diffraction patterns are characteristic and easily distinguished. The orientation of the two surfaces was identified by silver decoration: partial condensation of silver on purple membranes enabled the smooth surface to be identified as the plasmatic and the rough surface as the exoplasmic surface. After image processing, the exoplasmic surface shows a triplet structure which exactly fits the projected structure determined by Unwin and Henderson (1975. Nature(Lond.). 257:28-32) at molecular resolution, whereas, on the plasmatic surface, four image details per unit cell are visible. Three of them match the arrangement of bacteriorhodopsin, whereas the fourth must be located over a lipidic array. Summarizing these results, it is possible to show the part of each single bacteriorhodopsin protein that is present in the surfaces of the purple membrane. By "shadowing" the membranes perpendicularly, we prove that these components of the surfaces are mainly portrayed by a decoration effect of the tantalum/tungsten condensate. PMID- 7251670 TI - Development of muscle fiber specialization in the rat hindlimb. AB - The appearance of fast and slow fiber types in the distal hindlimb of the rat was investigated using affinity-purified antibodies specific to adult fast and slow myosins, two-dimensional electrophoresis of myosin light chains, and electron microscope examination of developing muscle cells. As others have noted, muscle histogenesis is not synchronous; rather, a series of muscle fiber generations occurs, each generation forming along the walls of the previous generation. At the onset of myotube formation on the 15th d of gestation, the antimyosin antibodies do not distinguish among fibers. All fibers react strongly with antibody to fast myosin but not with antibody to slow myosin. The initiation of fiber type differentiation can be detected in the 17-d fetus by a gradual increase in the binding of antibody to slow myosin in the primary, but not the secondary, generation myotubes. Moreover, neuromuscular contacts at this crucial time are infrequent, primitive, and restricted predominantly, but not exclusively, to the primary generation cells, the same cells which begin to bind large amounts of antislow myosin at this time. With maturation, the primary generation cells decrease their binding of antifast myosin and become type I fibers. Secondary generation cells are initially all primitive type II fibers. In future fast muscles the secondary generation cells remain type II, while in future slow muscles most of the secondary generation cells eventually change to type I over a prolonged postnatal period. We conclude that the temporal sequence of muscle development is fundamentally important in determining the genetic expression of individual muscle cells. PMID- 7251672 TI - Encapsulation of "core" eIF3, regulatory components of eIF3 and mRNA into liposomes, and their subsequent uptake into myogenic cells in culture. AB - Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3), encapsulated in liposomes, is taken up by chick muscle cells in culture. The exogenously supplied factor (isolated from 14 d embryonic muscle) rapidly associated with 40S ribosomal subunits and particles sedimenting at 80-120S (the known sedimentation value of myosin heavy chain [MHC] mRNPs). In addition, exogenously supplied eIF3 has a specific stimulatory effect on myofibrillar protein synthesis. This stimulation is most apparent at the onset of cell fusion and after the accumulation of MHC-mRNPs. As previously reported (8), total eIF3 can be fractionated on an MHC-mRNA affinity column into a "core" eIF3 and a high affinity component (HAF) which dictates the discriminatory activity of core eIF3. Liposome-encapsulated core eIF3 delivered to cells is found predominantly in 40S ribosomal subunits and gives only a slight stimulation of total protein synthesis. When 3H-MHC-mRNA, preincubated with HAF, is introduced into myoblasts via liposomes, the mRNA is found in heavy polysomes. On the other hand, when the messenger alone or with core eIF3 is taken up by the cells, it is found only on small polysomes. Similar experiments, using viral RNA with the HAF, show no increase in the size class of polysomes. These results mimic the differences observed between myoblast and myotube utilization of MHC mRNA previously observed (17). These results demonstrate the mRNA discriminatory activity of specific proteins associated with muscle eIF3 and suggest that these proteins play a role in mRNA activation and translation during muscle differentiation. PMID- 7251673 TI - Pit formation and rapid changes in surface morphology of sympathetic neurons in response to nerve growth factor. AB - Scanning and transmission electron microscope studies were carried out on the rapid cell surface responses of cultured newborn rat sympathetic neurons to nerve growth factor (NGF), a substance that promotes their survival and differentiation. The somas of sympathetic neurons continuously exposed to NGF or deprived of the factor for 4-5 h have a very smooth surface. After readdition of NGF to the latter type of cultures, there is rapidly initiated a transient, sequential change in the cell surface. Microvilli and small ruffles appear within 30 s and are most prominent by 1 min. By 3 min of exposure, the microvilli and ruffles decrease in prominence, and by 7 min the somal surface is again smooth. By 30 s after NGF readdition, as increase in the number of 60- tp 130-nm coated pits is also detectable. This increase reaches a maximum of about threefold from 0.5 to 3 min and then gradually decreases. Alterations in the surface did not occur on the nonneuronal cell types present in the cultures and were not observed in response to another basic protein (cytochrome c) or to physical manipulation. Changes in cell surface architecture induced by NGF in normal sympathetic neurons and, as previously described, in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells indicate that such responses may present or reflect primary events in the mechanism of the factor's action. PMID- 7251674 TI - Organization in the cell nucleus: divalent cations modulate the distribution of condensed and diffuse chromatin. AB - The organization of rat liver nuclei in vitro depends on the ionic milieu. Turbidity measurements of nuclear suspensions in the presence of varying concentrations of divalent cations have been correlated with nuclear ultrastructure. The concentration of MgCl2 (2 mM) at which turbidity of nuclear suspensions is maximal and chromatin condensation appears most extensive is the same concentration that reportedly (Gottesfeld et al., 1974, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 71:2193-2197) precipitates "inactive" chromatin. Thus, a mechanism is suggested by which chromatin activity and ultrastructural organization within the nucleus may be mediated. The nuclear organizational changes attendant upon the decrease in divalent cation concentration were not entirely reversible. PMID- 7251675 TI - A 45Ca autoradiographic and stereological study of freeze-dried smooth muscle of the guinea pig vas deferens. AB - In an effort to more clearly elucidate the role of cellular structures as calcium sinks and sources in smooth muscle cells, the intracellular distribution of radioactive calcium was evaluated by a new method based on freeze-drying. The guinea pig vas deferens was exposed to a physiological salt solution that contained 45Ca. The muscle was then freeze-dried and prepared for electron microscope autoradiography. The grain density over the plasma membrane, mitochondria, and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was significantly greater than that of the matrix. These results suggest that the plasma membrane, mitochondria and SR have the capacity to accumulate calcium. Which of these structures serve as a source of calcium for contraction remains to be determined. A stereological comparison between freeze-dried and conventionally prepared smooth muscles revealed several differences. The cross-sectional area of freeze-dried cells was about twice that of conventionally prepared cells. Moreover, mitochondria and sub surface vesicles occupied a significantly smaller percentage of the cell in the freeze-dried tissue than they did in the conventionally prepared tissue. PMID- 7251676 TI - Phagocytosis of gelatin-latex particles by a murine macrophage line is dependent on fibronectin and heparin. AB - It has been suggested that fibronectin plays a role in clearing particles from the circulation by promoting binding to phagocytes of the reticuloendothelial system. By use of a well-defined system to investigate the possible opsonic role of fibronectin, we have studied the uptake of gelatin-coated latex particles by a murine macrophage cell line (P388D1). Fibronectin promotes binding of gelatin coated beads to these cells in both suspension and monolayer cultures. In both cases there is a requirement for heparin as a cofactor. Other glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfates A and C, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate) were inactive, whereas heparan sulfate was somewhat active. Proof that beads were actually endocytosed was obtained by electron microscopy, which showed beads internalized in membrane-bounded vesicles, and by immunofluorescence analyses, using antibodies to fibronectin to stain external beads. Two rapid assays for the opsonic activity of fibronectin were developed based on differential centrifugation of cell-associated beads and on the immunofluorescence procedure. Binding and endocytosis were time- and temperature-dependent and varied with the amount of gelatin on the beads and with the concentrations of fibronectin and heparin added, and could be inhibited by F(ab')2 antifibronectin. These studies provide a sound basis for a detailed analysis of the interaction of fibronectin with the cell surface and of its involvement in endocytosis. PMID- 7251678 TI - Bead rings at the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex boundary: morphological changes accompanying inhibition of intracellular transport of secretory proteins in arthropod fat body tissue. AB - Golgi complex beads are 10-nm particles arranged in rings on the smooth surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) makind the forming face of the Golgi complex (GC). In arthropod cells they stain specifically with bismuth. Their morphology has been studied after treatment with reagents known to interfere with GC function. Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation (antimycin A, cyanide, and anoxia), but not an inhibitor of glycolysis (iodoacetate), both cause the bead rings to collapse and the GC saccules to round up, and inhibit transition vesicle (TV) formation. Cycloheximide blocks protein synthesis on ribosomes but does not stop TV formation or disrupt bead rings, even after prolonged treatment (6 h) to allow emptying of the rough ER cisternae. Thus the collapse of bead rings is not attributable to inhibition of protein synthesis, and the ring structure of beads does not require continued protein synthesis and secretion for its maintenance. Valinomycin has effects on the GC similar to those of antimycin A, but A23187, monensin, and lasalocid do not affect bead ring structure or TV formation. These results are consistent with valinomycin's secondarily uncoupling mitochondria, which collapses bead rings and prevents TV formation. Thus inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation do not influence the beads through cation movement. Because mononsin and lasalocid block secretion at the level of the condensing vacuoles, bead rings are not influenced by blocks in secretion distal to them or by the backup of secretory material. These experiments are consistent with inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation collapsing bead rings by decreasing intracellular ATP. The concomitant block to TV formation and the collapse of bead rings suggests that integrity of the bead rings is essential for the transport of secretory material from the rough ER to the GC. PMID- 7251679 TI - The production and localization of laminin in cultured vascular and corneal endothelial cells. AB - The production and localization of laminin, as a function of cell density (sparse versus confluent cultures) and growth stage (actively growing versus resting cultures), has been compared on the cell surfaces of cultured vascular and corneal endothelial cells. Comparison of the abilities of the two types of cells to secrete laminin and fibronectin into their incubation medium reveals that vascular endothelial cells can secrete 20-fold as much laminin as can corneal endothelial cells. In contrast, both cell types produce comparable amounts of fibronectin. Furthermore, if one compares the secretion of laminin and fibronectin as a function of cell growth, it appears that the laminin released into the medium by either vascular or corneal endothelial cells, is a function of cell density and cell growth, since this release is most pronounced when the cells are sparse and actively growing, and decreases by 10- and 30-fold, respectively, when either vascular or corneal endothelial cell cultures become confluent. With regard to fibronectin secretion, no such variation can be seen with vascular endothelial cell cultures, regardless of whether they are sparse and actively growing or confluent and resting. Corneal endothelial cell cultures, demonstrated a twofold increase in fibronectin production when they were confluent and resting as compared to when they were sparse and actively growing. When the distribution of laminin versus fibronectin within the apical and basal cell surfaces of cultured corneal and vascular endothelial cells is compared, one can observe that unlike fibronectin, which in sparse and subconfluent cultures can be seen to be associated with both the apical and basal cell surfaces, laminin does not ever seem to be present on the apical cell surface. In confluent cultures, laminin can be found associated primarily with the extracellular matrix beneath the cell monolayer, where it codistributes with type IV collagen. PMID- 7251677 TI - Cuticle of Caenorhabditis elegans: its isolation and partial characterization. AB - The adult cuticle of the soil nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, is a proteinaceous extracellular structure elaborated by the underlying layer of hypodermal cells during the final molt in the animal's life cycle. The cuticle is composed of an outer cortical layer connected by regularly arranged struts to an inner basal layer. The cuticle can be isolated largely intact and free of all cellular material by sonication and treatment with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Purified cuticles exhibit a negative material in the basal cuticle layer. The cuticle layers differ in their solubility in sulfhydryl reducing agents, susceptibility to various proteolytic enzymes and amino acid composition. The struts, basal layer, and internal cortical layer are composed of collagen proteins that are extensively cross-linked by disulfide bonds. The external cortical layer appears to contain primarily noncollagen proteins that are extensively cross-linked by nonreducible covalent bonds. The collagen proteins extracted from the cuticle with a reducing agent can be separated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into eight major species differing in apparent molecular weight. PMID- 7251680 TI - Cellular control of ornithine decarboxylase activity by its antizyme. AB - Conditions have been established under which the antizyme of ornithine decarboxylase (E.C. 4.1.1.17, L-ornithine carboxy-lyase, ODC) a non-competitive protein inhibitor of ODC, can be detected in cells in response to as little as 10(-7) M putrescine. The maintenance of intracellular antizyme activity depends upon the continued presence of putrescine in the medium. Removal of putrescine results in a rapid decline of antizyme activity. These phenomena are unaffected by the presence of cycloheximide and are comparable to the requirement of L asparagine for the maintenance of ODC activity. The extent to which the antizyme level is increased is inversely related to the preexisting level of intracellular ODC at the time of addition of putrescine. The time of appearance of free antizyme is delayed in cells that have high levels of ODC; the amount of free antizyme that can be assayed for in these cells, at any particular time is correspondingly less. The converse is also true. In cells that have high levels of antizyme, the delay in appearance of ODC is greater and the amount of ODC that can be assayed for is correspondingly less than in cells with low levels of antizyme. These experiments, as well as others, indicate that the ODC antizyme and ODC interact in vivo with each other to modify their respective activities. PMID- 7251682 TI - The role of respiration in tumor cell transition from the noncycling to the cycling state. AB - Resting Yoshida AH130 hepatoma cells, harvested at the plateau of tumor development in vivo, were recruited into the cycling state following transfer to an in vitro system whereby these cells were incubated in the autologous ascites plasma diluted with buffered saline and enriched with glucose. In this system, cell recruitment into the phase of DNA synthesis (S phase) strictly depends on the activity of the respiratory chain and is abolished by anaerobiosis as well as by antimycin A, although the intracellular levels of ATP and the rate of protein synthesis are practically unaffected by these treatments. Furthermore, 2,4 dinitrophenol, at concentrations which uncouple the respiratory phosphorylation and hence enhance both glycolysis and oxygen consumption, does not hinder cell promotion into S phase. Thus, the absolute respiration dependence of cycling resumption by resting ascites cells does not seem to rely on respiratory ATP supply, but rather is linked to the electron flow through the respiratory chain. PMID- 7251681 TI - Nutrient transport in a bovine lens epithelial cell line. AB - A bovine calf lens epithelial cell line (CLE-1) that synthesizes crystallin has been established in culture and some of its transport properties have been characterized using both cells and membrane vesicles derived from them. The membrane vesicles fractionate with high recovery of plasma membrane markers, showing a 40-fold purification of 5'-AMPase and a 20-fold decrease in the specific activity of the mitochondrial marker enzyme succinic dehydrogenase relative to a cell homogenate. Transport sites demonstrated higher specific activity than has been seen in vesicles from cell lines studied previously. The uptake of alpha-amino isobutyric acid (AIB) (an alanine analog) by CLE-1 cells is stimulated four- to fivefold by Na+ and exhibits a Km of 5.4 mM with a Vmax of 50 pmoles/min.microgram of cell protein. The uptake of leucine was not Na+ stimulatable. The uptake of AIB by the cells was reduced by 43% at confluence. Thus, the cell density dependent behavior of the uptake of the alanine amino acid family in CLE-1 is similar to that of various fibroblast cells. The Na+ caused a threefold stimulation of AIB uptake in the membrane vesicles, while vesicular uptake of leucine was unaffected by Na+. The uptake of adenine, guanine, uridine, and guanosine was also tested in these vesicles. The substrates were rapidly accumulated, came to a steady state distribution within 1-2 minutes, and were recovered as the unaltered compounds after uptake. PMID- 7251683 TI - Patients with myotonic dystrophy, a possible segmental progeroid syndrome, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy have fibroblasts with normal limits for in vitro lifespan and growth characteristics. AB - Myotonic dystrophy (MyD) has been suggested to be a segmental progeroid syndrome in man, as this syndrome has some clinical manifestations of premature aging. Fibroblasts from patients with other progeroid syndromes have been shown to have diminished in vitro lifespans or growth characteristics; therefore, it was of interest to study cellular senescence in fibroblasts from patients with MyD. Fibroblast cultures from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) were used as additional controls, as premature aging is not associated with this genetic disorder. Primary skin fibroblast cultures obtained from patients with MyD or DMD and from age-sex matched controls were grown in DMEM plus 10% FBS. The in vitro lifespan was determined by either a 1:4 split ratio or with a constant initial inoculum of 1 times 10(4) cells/cm2, followed by determination of the final density at weekly intervals. Our results demonstrate that there is no difference in the limits of the in vitro lifespan for either the MyD or DMD fibroblast strains compared to the controls. Likewise, no difference could be detected in the growth characteristics of these cells. The only observable difference was that the pooled age-matched controls and MyD cultures had a shorter in vitro lifespan than the DMD group and their pooled controls, a finding expected because of the age of the patients in each group. Unlike the other progeroid syndromes, MyD fibroblasts have normal limits for in vitro lifespan. MyD is probably not closely related to the other premature aging syndromes, although there is an increasing phenotypic expression as a function of age. PMID- 7251684 TI - The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate induces ornithine decarboxylase in proliferating basal cells but not in differentiating cells from mouse epidermis. AB - The cultivation of mouse epidermal cells in medium of reduced calcium concentration (0.02--0.1 mM) selects for basal cell growth. Elevation of medium calcium levels above 0.1 mM results in rapid and well defined differentiative changes. This model was utilized to determine which cell type in mouse epidermis responds to the phorbol ester tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA), by an induction of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Previous data had shown that TPA induces ODC in primary mouse epidermal cells only during the first 36 hr after plating in medium containing 1.44 mM Ca2+. In contrast, the induction in cells grown in low calcium medium was 2--10-fold greater, and inducibility persisted for at least 4 weeks. The greater inducibility of ODC in low calcium cells is not paralleled by increased thymidine incorporation after TPA treatment, probably because these cells are already proliferating at a maximum rate. When low calcium cells grown in 0.07 mM Ca2+ medium were switched to 1.2 mM Ca2+, there was a rapid loss of ODC inducibility. These results strongly suggest that the basal cells of the epidermis constitute the major target cells for the induction of ODC by TPA. The induction of ODC by ultraviolet light was not enhanced by growth of cells in low calcium medium, indicating that extracellular calcium concentration per se does not determine ODC inducibility. When epidermal cells grown in 1.2 mM or 0.07 mM Ca2+ medium were exposed to both UV light and TPA, there was a significant synergistic effect of combined treatment over the sum of each individual response, suggesting that factors in addition to differentiation determine the extent of ODC induction. PMID- 7251685 TI - Glycosaminoglycan synthesis and composition in human fibroblasts during in vitro cellular aging (IMR-90). AB - The synthesis and turnover of sulfate-labeled glycosaminoglycans(35S-GAGs) has been investigated in diploid human embryo fibroblasts during in vitro cellular aging. With progressive subcultivation, there was a decreased incorporation of Na2(35)SO4 into 35S-GAGs released to the medium, but not into those accumulated at the cell surface. The composition of 35S-GAGs found in extracellular medium, cell surface (removable by gentle proteolysis), and intracellular compartments of the culture after 48-hr labeling did not change significantly with progressive subcultivation. Pulse-labeled 35S-GAGs moved from intracellular to surface and extracellular compartments more slowly in late-passage cultures. Addition of 1 mM beta-xyloside to both early- and late-passage cultures produced a ten-fold enhancement of extracellular 35S-GAG production without a concomitant increase in surface-associated 35S-GAG. We interpret the data of this study to mean that secreted and cell-surface glycosaminoglycans represent different pools and that cellular aging has its effect primarily upon the secreted pool of glycosaminoglycans. Late-passage fibroblasts demonstrate marked decreases in proliferation, culture density, fibronectin matrix, and gap-junction formation. Our results suggest that glycosaminoglycan synthesis and composition are not intimately related to these parameters. PMID- 7251686 TI - Mechanism of growth promotion of mouse lymphoma L1210 cells in vitro by feeder layer or 2-mercaptoethanol. AB - Mouse lymphoma L1210 cells require some thiol compounds (such as 2 mercaptoethanol) or feeder layer cells for their growth in normal culture media in vitro. We found that feeder layer cells (human diploid fibroblast IMR-90) constantly produce thiol compounds; cysteine was the major thiol compound accumulating in the culture medium. In the culture medium of L1210 cells, added cysteine was rapidly oxidized and was toxic to the cells at high concentrations. However, cysteine promoted growth of L1210 cells when it was added repeatedly to the medium at low concentrations. These results show that the major role of feeder layer cells is to provide cysteine continuously. The glutathione content of L1210 cells depended largely on the cysteine concentration in the medium. In normal culture media containing cystine but not cysteine, the cellular glutathione content decreased notably within a few hours. Cysteine had to be supplied repeatedly to keep the content high. Cystine promoted the cellular glutathione content at unphysiologically high concentrations. These results were attributable to the extremely low uptake rate of cystine by the cells as compared with that of cysteine. In the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, the uptake of radioactive cystine by the cells was increased and a high cellular glutathione level was maintained. A thiol-independent variant of L1210 took up cystine far more rapidly than L1210. From these results we concluded that the deficiency of the cystine uptake limits the growth of L1210 cells in normal culture media. PMID- 7251688 TI - Use of an encapsulated fluorescent probe to measure intracellular PO2. AB - The objectives of this investigation were to produce a reliable, sensitive probe to measure intracellular PO2 with a high degree of resolution and to apply this technique to biological systems. A fluorescent molecule, pyrene dissolved in paraffin oil, was encapsulated in polyacrylamide to form a probe of nanometer dimensions. The quantitative and microscopic oxygen values were determined by analyzing the quenching of the fluorescence of the probe by oxygen, as displayed on a television monitor by a silicon-intensified-target camera. The nanocapsules had a sensitivity of approximately 1 mm PO2, a spatial resolution of 0.5 micrometer, and a temporal resolution of milliseconds. Calibrated nanocapsules within nonrespiring Amoeba proteus responded to ambient partial pressures of oxygen. At two different ambient partial pressures, nanocapsules engulfed by respiring amoebas indicated an intracellular PO2 28 mm Hg less than extracellular PO2. The capsules retained their sensitivity to oxygen for at least 8 months. PMID- 7251687 TI - Cell population kinetics of the mouse lens epithelium. AB - The dividing lens epithelium of 8-week-old CF1 mice consists of a monocellular layer of about 31,000 cells and does not include the postmitotic cells of the meridional rows and another postmitotic zone of seven cell positions' width immediately anterior to the rows. The latter two populations contain approximately 3,600 and 9,000 cells, respectively, for a total of 44,000 cells in the entire lens epithelium. Autoradiographic analysis based upon mitotic index and cell cycle times indicates that the epithelium produces 207 new lens fibers a day. Throughout the 20-day period of study, labeled cells appeared almost entirely as pairs following a single dose of 3H-thymidine and clusters of labeled nuclei were not seen. Moreover, the number of labeled cells dropped only slowly with time, as did the grain counts. These observations indicate that logarithmic division "cascade" does not occur in the lens. The dividing cell population consists largely of a slowly cycling stem cell group, dividing once about every 17-20 days, and consisting of some 5,000 cells. A subpopulation may exist which undergoes two rapid consecutive divisions before becoming postmitotic, but this is too small to make a significant contribution to lens fiber production. Four days are required to transit the postmitotic zone, and an additional 43 or so are needed to transit the meridional rows and differentiate into anucleate lens fibers. Data from other laboratories indicate that the entire process, from mitosis to final differentiation, requires about 4 months. Hence, most of this time is spent in migration of nondividing cells. PMID- 7251690 TI - Cumulative population doublings as the determinant of chick cell lifespan in vitro. AB - Chick embryo fibroblasts were maintained at confluency for up to 35 days in medium containing 0.5% or 0.75% fetal bovine serum or 2.5% or 5.0% horse serum. At weekly intervals cells were subcultured and serially propagated in medium containing 10% FBS until their replicative lifespans were completed. The results showed that the replicative lifespan of embryonic chick fibroblasts was dependent on the cumulative number of population doublings undergone by the culture and was not related to the calendar time cells were in culture. Further characterization of 0.75% FBS maintained chick cells returned to 10% FBS medium showed that cells had protein contents and incorporated 3H-thymidine into DNA at a rate that resembled that of young cells, despite an advanced chronological age. PMID- 7251689 TI - Properties of a growth factor activity present in crude extracts of rat uterus. AB - We have shown previously (D. A. Sirbasku, 1978, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 75:3786-3790) that an estrogen-inducible growth factor activity for rat mammary and rat pituitary tumor cells can be identified in extracts of rat uteri, although at the time of that report only a limited biochemical characterization of the activity was presented. In this report, we have evaluated the growth factor activity for lipid, steroid hormone or protein-like properties. Uterine growth factor activity was assayed by measure of the increased cell number of the MTW9/PL rat mammary tumor cell line established by this laboratory and described previously (D. A. Sirbasku, 1978, Cancer Res. 38:1154-1165). Studies showed the following characteristics of growth factor activity: destroyed by trypsin treatment; labile when heated at 80 degrees C; partially denatured by 6 M guanidine or 8 M urea treatment or 50% aqueous solutions of organic solvents; inactivated by extremes of pH or overnight treatment with mild acid; not dialyzable at neutral pH; of apparent molecular weight of 70,000 daltons by G-100 Sephadex chromatography; possessing an isoelectric point of 4.8 to 5.2; not chloroform/methanol extractable; and not in any way identified as either a lipid or a steroid hormone. The data available suggest that the uterine growth factor activity is a protein or polypeptide of apparent high molecular weight, and that the activity does not directly correspond to other known growth factors. PMID- 7251691 TI - Demonstration of a hematopoietic stem cell antigen (SC-1) on a murine lymphoma and isolation of variants lacking the antigen. AB - Murine multipotential hematopoietic stem cells (CFU-s) bear an antigen (SC-1) which is recognized by heterologous antisera to mouse brain. We have found that cloned Thy-1 negative variants of the T-cell lymphoma RL male 1 are sensitive to complement-mediated cytolysis by anti-brain serum and can absorb the anti-stem cell activity from the antiserum. We have isolated several subclones derived from a primary Thy-1 negative variant which are not susceptible to anti-brain serum. The surface of the resistant lines has little or no antigen capable of binding anti-mouse brain antibodies as measured by either immunofluorescence or a radioimmunoassay. These lines are also unable to absorb the antibodies responsible for the cytotoxic effect of rabbit anti-mouse brain serum against CFU s. We conclude that the predominant antigen, serologically detectable on Thy-1 negative variants of RL male 1, is SC-1. PMID- 7251692 TI - The effect of phorbol esters on the proliferation of C3H-10T 1/2 mouse fibroblasts: consideration of both stimulatory and inhibitory effects. AB - TPA stimulates cell cycle activation in both serum-deprived and density-inhibited cultures. The cells reestablish cycle arrest after no more than one generation, and addition of fresh drug produces no further response. However, cells freshly trypsinized can respond with a series of repetitive generations resulting in 3.5 4.0 population doublings over 72 hrs. In kinetic pulse experiments TPA enhanced 3H-thymidine incorporation in density-inhibited cells stimulated by fresh serum but only after markedly suppressing incorporation 8-13 hrs after serum stimulation. When cells arrested by serum deprivation were pretreated with TPA, fresh serum stimulation led to initiation of 3H-TdR incorporation 5 hrs earlier than untreated controls. However, TPA addition at the time of serum stimulation did not lead to a suppression at 8-13 hrs, whereas enhancement was observed during peak incorporation times regardless of whether the cells were pretreated with TPA during serum deprivation. The results support the concept that there can exist within G1 multiple states of responsiveness to phorbol esters. These pharmacologically induced states may be correlated with corresponding physiological states of the G1 phase of cell cycle. PMID- 7251693 TI - The biotin requirement of HeLa cells. AB - We have examined the effect of alterations in the biotin content of the medium on the growth, viability, biotin content, and the activities of biotin-independent and biotin-independent enzymes of the HeLa cells. The inclusion in the growth medium of avidin, which almost irreversibly binds with biotin (Kd, 10(-15) M), results in an increase in cellular biotin content and biotin enzyme activity over that seen when the cells are grown in a biotin-depleted medium. The addition of avidin-bound biotin to the growth medium led to a forty-fold increase in cellular biotin when compared to the inclusion of an equivalent amount of free biotin in the medium. HeLa cells are able to internalize avidin-bound biotin. Biotin is released from this complex to function as the prosthetic group of biotin enzymes. HeLa cells do have a nutritional requirement for biotin. PMID- 7251694 TI - [Retrosternal goitres. Study of a series of 34 cases (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of study of 34 records of patients operated upon for retrosternal goitre, the authors attempt to assess the diagnostic approach and methods of treatment. Relatively rare (6% in our total group of patients undergoing thyroidectomy for cervical goitres), and particularly frequent amongst the elderly woman, retrosternal goitres often present as the result of a complication. The diagnosis is usually easy on the basis of standard chest X rays. Other than in special cases, more complicated investigations are usually of no use. Isotope scan of the thyroid rarely gives valuable information concerning the retrosternal nature of the goitre. The retrosternal portion usually shows no uptake. The risk of malignant change is as high as for cervical goitres. Carcinoma sometimes presents as a metastasis. The treatment of a retrosternal goitre is usually simple, as long as the correct plane of cleavage is found at the outset. Surgical excision by simple cervicotomy is standard, even when the tumour is large in size. Finally, the authors emphasise the value of surgery earlier and more often, even in the absence of complications. PMID- 7251696 TI - [Autotransplantation of smooth muscle for treating incontinence of sphincters (author's transl)]. AB - By histologic, electronoptic, perfusion manometric and microangiographic examination it was demonstrated, that the smooth muscle of the intestinal tract can be autotransplanted and can function as a sphincter after healing. This procedure has been successfully applied in 137 patients. PMID- 7251695 TI - [Intramural hematomas of the small bowel (duodenum excluded) during long-term anticoagulant treatment. Report on 6 cases of which 2 required operation (author's transl)]. AB - Hematomas developed in the small bowel of 6 patients receiving long-term anticoagulant therapy with antivitamins K. As the report by Chapuis and Mercier during the 81st French Congress of Surgery has fully covered this subject, the authors present their cases to illustrate their clinical features, while emphasizing certain particular characteristics: 1 - Associated hemorrhagic lesions were frequently observed. 2 - Early diagnostic follow-through barium meal examinations of the small intestine could be conducted without any particular problem. 3 - Laparotomy was necessary in two patients because of shock or local signs on examination. 4 - Small bowel lesions can vary in severity, sometimes in the same patient (case no 1). Some hematomas heal spontaneously after discontinuation of anticoagulant treatment, while others can, theoretically, develop necrotic reactions. Small bowel resection was necessary in two patients. 5 - A frequent occurrence was the association of lesions in the right colic and ileal regions. 6 - Finally, anticoagulant treatment can often be reduced, discontinued, or replaced by other therapy. PMID- 7251697 TI - [Bilateral traumatic dislocation of the hip. Report on three cases (author's transl)]. AB - Three patients with simultaneous bilateral traumatic dislocation of the hip have been treated, one case developing double intra-articular incarceration after orthopedic reduction. This type of lesion is reputed to be extremely rare, but a review of the published literature demonstrated that more than 100 cases have probably been described. PMID- 7251698 TI - [Chronic staphylococcal osteomyelitic abscess of the popliteal fossa. One case (author's transl)]. AB - Moulonguet and Rousset's chronic staphyloccalosteomyelitic abscess is one aspect of Ollier and Poncet's albuminous periostitis. This extra-osseous form of chronic osteomyelitis was observed in a typical clinical picture in a 45-year-old man, 18 years after an acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of the femur. Diagnosis was mainly based on clinical findings, no additional information being gained from currently available complementary investigations, puncture biopsy or after excision. Ultrasonography alone was able to distinguish the lesion from a soft tissue tumor. Complete recovery occurs after surgical excision of this affection, which is rare, but may become of topical interest following abusive use of antibiotics. A general review of the published literature completes this historically interesting observation. PMID- 7251699 TI - [Uterine and sigmoid perforations following voluntary interruption of pregnancy by aspiration. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - A recent case of mixed uterine and colic perforations associated with generalized peritonitis is reported, the lesions developing within the context of the digestive complications of the method known as aspiration for voluntary interruption of pregnancy. The frequency, severity, and treatment of these lesions are described, urgent laparotomy being necessary to correct both abdominal digestive tract and genital lesions. Prevention of these complication technique. Coelioscopy is essential if a perforation is suspected, and must be followed by a laparotomy if its presence is confirmed. PMID- 7251700 TI - [Pancreatic neurinome. A report of one case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7251701 TI - [The fate of arterial micrografts stored in Collin's solution (author's transl)]. AB - Use of arterial micrografts stored in Collin's solution is acceptable only for short storage periods and is therefore restricted in common practice. The immunitary reactions on the grafts are considered to be usually minor and were not studied in this series. Preservation alters the media and can result in aneurism and thrombosis. However, considering the lack of a reliable solution in replacing small vessels, research must be pursued to define the optimal storage period and the most adequate preservation liquid for small vessels. PMID- 7251702 TI - [Effects of extramucosal duodenal myotomy in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Numerous experimental and clinical observations have established the role of hypertonic duodenal dyskinesia in the etiology of duodenogastric reflux and delayed emptying of the stomach. The original procedure proposed, section of the duodenal muscle fibres, demonstrated a relative hypotonia of the viscera and maintenance of antropyloroduodenal coordination. The present study confirms the effects of extramucosal duodenal myotomy after short- and long-term follow-up in dogs: reduction in gastric emptying time, absence of duodenal stagnation, and lack of morphological changes in the viscera. Unfavorable in duodenogastric reflux, it has favorable effects, on the contrary, on gastric emptying and antral function. PMID- 7251703 TI - [The anterior subcostal transperitoneal approach in urological practice (author's transl)]. AB - Fifty-three surgical operations, including 43 enlarged nephrectomies for cancer, were conducted employing the anterior transperitoneal approach along the costal margin. This technique has been used for the last 4 years for excision of renal cancers, as well as certain difficult nephrectomies (pyonephrosis, repeated kidney operations), and for surgery on the renal vessels, the adrenals, and the peri-aortic lymphatics. The approach is solid and easy to enlarge, and gives direct access to the diaphragm, the large vessels, the renal pedicle, and the upper pole of the kidney. As only the abdomen is incised, morbidity is low. PMID- 7251706 TI - Regularity vs anomaly: the acquisition of Hebrew inflectional morphology. PMID- 7251704 TI - Category development in early language. PMID- 7251705 TI - Phonology and the development of the lexicon: evidence from children's errors. PMID- 7251708 TI - Complementary balance in the use of the interrogative form by nursery school dyads. PMID- 7251707 TI - The allative bias in three-year-olds is almost proof against task naturalness. PMID- 7251709 TI - Pre-school children's use of the articles in definite and indefinite referring expressions. PMID- 7251710 TI - Children's understanding of indirect request: comparing child and adult comprehension. PMID- 7251712 TI - Acquisition of bi-transitive sentences: pre-linguistic determinants of language acquisition. PMID- 7251711 TI - Children's comprehension of pragmatic concepts expressed in "because", "although', "if' and "unless'. PMID- 7251713 TI - The development of relational arcs in the lexical semantic memory structures of young children. PMID- 7251714 TI - Further remarks on interpretive analysis: in response to Christine Howe. PMID- 7251715 TI - The case for semantic relations: evidence from the verbal and nonverbal domains. PMID- 7251719 TI - On the acquisition of grammatical morphemes. PMID- 7251716 TI - Interpretive analysis and role semantics a ten-year mesalliance? PMID- 7251717 TI - Coordinating studies of coordination: a reply to Ardery. PMID- 7251718 TI - When does "when' mean more than "when'?: a comment on Cairns & Hsu's stage model for replies to when-questions. PMID- 7251720 TI - More on children's initial failures to relate specific acquisitions. PMID- 7251721 TI - Application of simultaneous UV-radioactivity high-performance liquid chromatography to the study of intermediary metabolism. I. Purine nucleotides, nucleosides and bases. AB - Procedures are presented for the continuous-flow, simultaneous measurement of concentration and radioactivity of purine metabolites separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A microprocessor-controlled radioactivity flow detector connected in series to a UV-flow detector provides on line quantitative monitoring of separated components in the post-column effluent stream. Through use of two HPLC separations--reversed-phase and anion-exchange- quantitation of all major purine nucleotides, nucleosides and bases is possible. The procedures provides a rapid, sensitive, and convenient means for the systematic study of purine metabolism. PMID- 7251722 TI - Abnormal affinity of Staphylococcus aureus N-acetyl glucosamine ribitol teichoic acid for wheat-germ agglutinin. PMID- 7251723 TI - Dynamic cation-exchange systems for rapid separations of nucleobases and nucleosides by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The retention behaviour of nucleobases and nucleosides in dynamic cation-exchange systems, consisting of a hydrophobic support as the stationary phase and water ethanol mixtures containing small amounts of sodium dodecylsulphate as anionic detergent as the mobile phase was investigated. The retention of nucleobases and nucleosides can be influenced over a wide range by variation of the pH and the concentration of the ethanol, anionic detergent and counter ion in the eluent. With respect to separation speed and selectivity, these dynamic cation-exchange systems are in many instances superior to conventional ion-exchange and reversed phase systems. It is shown that, by optimizing the different retention parameters, the separation of fourteen nucleobases and nucleosides, simultaneously and under isocratic conditions, can be achieved in ca. 6 min. The performance of the phase system is demonstrated by the analysis of a calf thymus DNA hydrolysate. PMID- 7251724 TI - Taurine levels in cat plasma. PMID- 7251725 TI - Ion-pair extraction and ion-pair adsorption thin-layer chromatography for rapid identification of ionic food dyes. AB - An easy, rapid and accurate method for routine analysis of seventeen commonly used ionic food dyes by means of ion-pair extraction and ion-pair adsorption thin layer chromatography on silica gel plates has been developed. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was selected as the counter ion for both isolation and separation. Its concentration in the sample before extraction with methylene chloride should be around 0.0125 M. A pH value of 2.5 for the extraction gives an acceptable recovery of most of the dyes. The thin-layer plates were impregnated with the counter ion which was also present in the eluent. Sharp spot application yields a very good separation, enabling satisfactory identification of the dyes. PMID- 7251726 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of vincamine. PMID- 7251727 TI - Separation and detection of synthetic food colors by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7251728 TI - Effects of L-dopa on dopamine and norepinephrine concentrations in rat brain assessed by gas chromatography. AB - A highly specific and sensitive gas chromatographic method has been developed which is capable of determining picogram amounts of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) simultaneously. The catecholamines are converted to the N-2,6 dinitro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl, O-trimethylsilyl derivatives, which are analyzed by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. The method has been applied to the assay of catecholamines in rat brain extracts. One hour after an acute dose (150 mg/kg i.p.) of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, the rat brain concentration of DA increased by 130% while the concentration of NE was unchanged. PMID- 7251729 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of nifedipine, its metabolites and photochemical degradation products. PMID- 7251730 TI - Separation of the oxidized and reduced forms of dithiothreitol and 2 mercaptoethanol by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: application of the method to biological extracts and to the determination of disulphides. PMID- 7251731 TI - Determination of the relative amounts of the B and C components of neomycin by ion-exclusion chromatography using refractometric detection. AB - Refractometric detection can be used as a convenient alternative to ninhydrin colorimetric or polarimetric detection in ion-exclusion chromatography of neomycinn. The determination of the relative amounts of neomyci B and C using different detection methods is examined. The use of a resin of smaller granulometry and a medium-pressure chromatographic apparatus reduces the analysis time to less than 25 min. PMID- 7251732 TI - Separation and determination of thiamine-binding proteins in rats by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7251733 TI - Electrofocusing of stroma-free haemoglobin and its derivatives in agarose isoelectric focusing gels. PMID- 7251734 TI - Longitudinal urinary excretion of some "trace" acids in a human male. AB - Conjugated and unconjugated urinary levels of phenylacetic acid (PAA), m hydroxyphenylacetic acid (m-HPA) and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid have been determined for 24-h urine samples obtained from a single healthy male over a 28 day period. Gas chromatographic--electron-capture and mass spectrometric- integrated ion current techniques incorporating appropriate internal standards were used. The average urinary excretion values obtained were (in mg/24 h): PAA unconjugated 0.67, conjugated 96.6; m-HPA unconjugated 7.3, conjugated less than 0.1; p-HPA unconjugated 22.4, conjugated less than 1.2. Following the ingestion of appropriate deuterated amino acid precursors the expected urinary deuterated trace acids were identified and quantitated; in the case of deuterated phenylethylamine, m-HPA and p-HPA as well PAA were identified and quantitated. This is the first evidence of phenylethylamine hydroxylation in the human. The longitudinal excretion of the trace acids was compared with that of the trace amines. PMID- 7251736 TI - Differential pulse amperometric detection of drugs in plasma using a dropping mercury electrode as a high-performance liquid chromatographic detector. AB - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation prior to reductive electrochemical determination at its dropping mercury electrode imparts specificity and sensitivity not attainable by conventional polarographic analysis of drugs and their metabolites. The utility of this novel approach is demonstrated by the analysis of chlordiazepoxide and its N-desmethyl metabolite in plasma which previously required thin-layer chromatographic separation prior to polarographic measurement. A mobile phase of methanol-isopropanol--0.0075 M acetate buffer, pH 3.5 (53:5:42), is used with the detector operated in the differential pulse mode at Ep = -0.820 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The response was linear (r = 0.998) in the concentration range of 0.05--2.0 micrograms/ml plasma for each component. The minimum detectability for each component under these conditions is 5.0 ng injected at a current range of 0.5 microamperemeter full scale. Techniques for oxygen removal and hydrodynamic consideration for the pumping system are presented. PMID- 7251735 TI - Gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric detection of circulating plasticizers in surgical patients. AB - Gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric analytical techniques were employed to quantitate and confirm levels of circulating organic plasticizers in critically ill surgical patients. Two plasticizers, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), have been identified. DEHP can be found in many plastic medical devices. The DEHP levels were significant soon after transfusion or in the presence of renal dysfunction. The source of DBP is not clear at present and requires further study. The prevention of this contamination and the toxicity of these plasticizers should be investigated to ensure the safe use of plastic medical devices. PMID- 7251738 TI - Improved gas chromatographic procedure for the determination of clonazepam levels in plasma using a nitrogen-sensitive detector. AB - A gas-liquid chromatographic procedure (GLC) is described for the determination of clonazepam in plasma. The drug is extracted from buffered plasma at pH 9.0 with diethyl ether and then back-extracted into 6 N hydrochloric acid-6N sulfuric acid (95:5) and hydrolyzed at 100 degrees C to convert the drug into its benzophenone derivative. The benzophenone derivative of flurazepam is added to plasma as an internal reference standard. Drug derivatives are finally extracted from the neutralized aqueous phase and assayed by GLC. The present procedure makes use of a nitrogen-sensitive detector which is more stable and selective than the commonly employed electron-capture procedure. The sensitivity of the detector for clonazepam is 1 ng/ml. PMID- 7251737 TI - Analysis of some tryptophan and phenylalanine metabolites in urine by a straight phase high-performance liquid chromatographic technique. AB - A high-performance liquid column chromatographic technique is reported for the analysis of some tryptophan and phenylalanine acid metabolites in the urine. An acidified and NaCl-saturated urine sample is loaded on to a C18-bonded silica microcolumn. After washing the microcolumn with clean and deionized water, the metabolites of interest are selectively extracted by successive elutions with organic solvents of variable polarity. Acids are eluted first and the neutral compounds with the next fraction. Basic compounds and other neutral substances of higher polarities were eliminated during the washing procedure. The chromatography was performed in the straight-phase isocratic elution mode utilizing 5-micrometers silica-gel columns loaded with a triethanolammonium perchlorate--perchloric acid aqueous solution. The separation achieved have permitted the application of the chromatographic technique to the analysis of urinary metabolites with acceptable accuracy. PMID- 7251739 TI - The analysis of arildone in plasma, urine and feces by gas--liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection. AB - The analysis of arildone in plasma, urine and feces by gas--liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection is described. O-(2,3,4,5,6 Pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine is the derivatizing agent for the plasma and urine analysis; 3-nitrophenylhydrazine is utilized for fecal analysis. The mean (+/- S.E.) minimum quantifiable level of arildone was 1.4 (+/- .02) ng/ml in urine, 6.4 (+/- 0.1) ng/ml in plasma, and 12.6 (+/- 1.0) ng/g in feces. The chromatographic response was linear in the range of 0 and 10--120 ng/ml for plasma, 0 and 2.5--20 ng/ml for urine and 0 and 25-250 ng/g for feces. The estimated overall precision of the assay was 5.5%, 64% and 8.9% in urine, plasma and feces, respectively. PMID- 7251742 TI - Determination of D-penicillamine in serum by fluorescence derivatization and liquid column chromatography. AB - A simple and fast method for the determination of D-penicillamine in serum is described. The analysis is based o a fluorescence derivatization of the sulfhydryl group combined with a reversed-phase liquid chromatograhic separation and fluorescence detection. Before derivatization the serum proteins are precipitated with ethanol and removed by centrifugation. As derivatizing agent 5 dimethylaminonaphthaline-1-sulfonylaziridine is used which reacts selectively with thiols under defined reaction conditions. The detection limit is in the pmol range; 50-300 ng of D-penicillamine can be determined with a relative standard deviation of 7-8%. Thus the method permits a simple determination of D penicillamine in serum at therapeutic levels. PMID- 7251741 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of nitroxoline in plasma and urine. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of nitroxoline in 50-microliter plasma and urine samples. A structural analogue of nitroxoline, 8-hydroxyquinoline, was added to the eluent in order to suppress peak asymmetry. Several parameters of the eluent were studied for the optimisation of the chromatographic system. Plasma concentration time curves were constructed for three volunteers after they had received an oral dose of 100 mg of nitroxoline. Plasma half-life was about 1 h. Within 12 h, about 1% of the dose was excreted in the urine as free nitroxoline and about 30% as conjugated metabolite of the parent compound. PMID- 7251743 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of trithiozine and its neutral metabolites in human plasma and urine. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of the new anti-secretory and antiulcer drug trithiozine in human plasma and urine is reported. The procedure is simple and precise; it allows the simultaneous determination of therapeutic doses of the drug and its three main metabolites, namely, 4-(3,4,5-trimethoxythiobenzoyl)tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine S-oxide, 4-(3,4,5 trimethoxybenzoyl)tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine, and 2-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5 trimethoxybenzoyl)tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine. PMID- 7251744 TI - Rapid microanalysis of anticonvulsants by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. AB - A rapid microanalytical method is described for phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone and carbamazepine utilizing high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). This procedure incorporates a single extraction of a 50-microliter plasma sample. One tenth of the extract is concentrated and applied to the HPTLC plate by a Contact Spotter, chromatographically separated and quantitated by in situ ultraviolet reflectance densitometry. The coefficient of variation is less than 4% (n = 8), the extraction efficiency is approximately 95% and the minimum detectable amount of pure drug standards applied to and developed on the HPTLC plate is 5 ng or less for all four anticonvulsants. PMID- 7251740 TI - Clinical analysis for the anti-neoplastic agent 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis((2-[(2 hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl)-amino)9,10-anthracenedio ne dihydrochloride (NSC 301739) in plasma. Application of temperature control to provide selectivity in paired-ion high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - An analytical method is described which permits monitoring of plasma level of the anti-tumor agent 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis((2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl)amino)9,10 antracenedione dihydrochloride (DHAD) following its intravenous administration to cancer patients. The drug cannot be efficiently extracted from plasma into water immiscible solvents, but is effectively separated from the biological matrix by retention on hydrophobic XAD-2 beads packed in a disposable glass cartridge. DHAD is subsequently selectively eluted from this column and then analyzed by reversed phase partition chromatography with spectrophotometric detection of the analyte. Resolution of overlapping bands during high-performance liquid chromatographic separation was achieved by systematic optimization of mobile phase, ion-pairing agent and temperature. A possible explanation for the observed selectively provided by temperature adjustment is offered. Plasma levels in the range of 75- 3000 ng of DHAD per ml (7.5--300 ng applied to the column) can be analyzed with a precision of less than +/- 10%. Total recovery of drug from plasma is ca. 95%. PMID- 7251746 TI - Sensitive assay for pseudoephedrine and its metabolite, norpseudoephedrine in plasma and urine using gas--liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection. PMID- 7251747 TI - Determination of xylazine in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7251745 TI - Separation of collagen types I and III by high-performance column liquid chromatography. PMID- 7251749 TI - Improved microdetermination of gentamicin and sisomicin in serum by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. PMID- 7251750 TI - Quantitative thin-layer chromatographic determination of ticrynafen in plasma of the dog. PMID- 7251751 TI - High resolution gas chromatography mass spectrometry of the methyl esters of organic acids from uremic hemofiltrates. AB - The organic acid fraction of hemofiltrates was investigated in the form of methylates by glass capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The pattern obtained is similar to that of urinary organic acid methylates from healthy individuals. A marked difference was noted for N-phenylacetyl-alpha aminoglutarimide, present in hemofiltrate at levels 50-100 times higher than those in urine. Analysis of hemofiltrate samples taken at different times during a hemofiltration with post-dilution technique revealed that the hemofiltrate concentration of most compounds was drastically reduced the course of the hemofiltration treatment. Compared to the other compounds, the reduction in hemofiltrate concentration of N-phenylacetyl-alpha-aminoglutarimide was extremely rapid. PMID- 7251752 TI - Determination of antrafenine and its main acid metabolite, 2-{[7 (trifluoromethyl)-4-quinolinyl]amino}-benzoic acid, in biological fluids using high-performance liquid chromatography with large volume automatic injection and gas-liquid chromatography with derivative formation. AB - Specific and sensitive analytical methods have been developed for the measurement of antrafenine and its main acid metabolite, 2-([17-(trifluoromethyl)-4 quinolinyl] amino) benzoic acid (FQB), at therapeutic concentrations in plasma and urine. Following the addition of internal standards (the methyl ester of FQB and 2-([8-(trifluoromethyl)-4-quinolinyl] amino) benzoic acid) the parent drug and the metabolite were extracted from biological material with diethyl ether at a weakly acid pH. Drug extracts were evaporated to dryness prior to chromatographic analysis. Antrafenine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography using a Spherisorb 5-micrometer ODS column with acetonitrile-0.1 M sodium acetate as the mobile phase. Samples were injected automatically using a 500-microliter injection loop. The detector wavelength was 353 nm corresponding to the maximum UV absorption of both drug and internal standard. The coefficient of variation (C.V.) for the determination of antrafenine concentrations between 5 and 250 ng/ml ranged between 24 and 3%, respectively. The acid metabolite of antrafenine was measured by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection using a 1 m column packed with 3% OV-225 on Gas-Chrom Q (100-120 mesh) at 240 degrees C and on-column methylation with trimethylphenyl ammonium hydroxide. The C. V. of the method for the analysis of metabolite concentrations between 10 and 500 ng/ml ranged between 3 and 9%, respectively. PMID- 7251753 TI - Determination of the major urinary metabolite of flurazepam in man by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of N-1 hydroxyethylflurazepam, the major urinary metabolite of flurazepam, in human urine is described. Urine specimens were incubated enzymatically to deconjugate N 1-hydroxyethylflurazepam glucuronide (metabolite) and were then extracted at pH 9.0 to extract the metabolite. The extracts were chromatographed on a microparticulate silica gel column using automatic sample injection, isocratic elution at ambient temperature and UV monitoring at 254 nm. The internal standard was 7 chloro-5(2'-chlorophenyl) 1,3-dihydro-1-2-dimethylaminoethyl-2H-1,4 benzodiazepine-2-one. The recovery from urine, in the 0.5-25.0 microgram/ml range, was 96.5 +/- 11.5% (S.D.), and the sensitivity limit was 0.5 microgram/ml. The method was found to be specific for N-1-hydroxyethylflurazepam in the presence of intact flurazepam and other possible urinary metabolites of flurazepam. The method was successfully applied to urine specimens collected from human subjects following the administration of 30-mg single oral doses of flurazepam dihydrochloride. PMID- 7251754 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic methods for determination of gentamicin in biological fluids. AB - A selective and sensitive methods for the determination of gentamicin in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed. Following deproteinization, the gentamicin is reacted with fluorescamine to produce a fluorescent derivative. This reaction mixture is directly chromatographed on a cation exchange column using as mobile phase acetonitrile-phosphoric acid (7:3). The gentamicin compounds elute as a single peak. Using 0.1 ml of plasma, quantitation of gentamicin concentration as low as 1 mg/l are possible. Possible interference from other aminoglycosides and antibiotics is discussed. PMID- 7251755 TI - Simultaneous determination of trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole and N4 acetylsulphamethoxazole in serum and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The simultaneous determination of trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole and N4-acetyl sulphamethoxazole in serum and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography using sulphafurazole as internal standard is described. The separation was achieved on a reversed-phase column employing acetic acid-methanol as the mobile phase with spectrophotometric detection at 230 nm. Precise simultaneous quantitative analysis of the relative components has been achieved at levels of 0.1 microgram/ml for trimethoprim and 1.0 microgram/ml for both sulphamethoxazole and its N4-acetyl metabolite using 1 ml of serum of urine. PMID- 7251756 TI - The simultaneous analysis of clofibric acid and probenecid and the direct analysis of clofibric acid glucuronide by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of clofibric acid and probenecid in plasma and urine and for the direct analysis of clofibric acid glucuronide in plasma is described. Both methods involve direct injection of deproteinised body fluids. Concentrations of as low as 10 mg/l of clofibric acid and probenecid and 1.5 mg/l of clofibric acid glucuronide can be measured by the analysis. The coefficient of variance for these methods ranges from 1--7%. PMID- 7251748 TI - Quantitation of metolazone in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PMID- 7251757 TI - Analysis of carminomycin in human serum by fluorometric high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method is given for the determination of carminomycin (CMM) and a major metabolite carminomycinol (CMMOH) in serum from cancer patients after intravenous administration of carminomycin as the free drug. CMM and CMMOH are extracted from serum with chloroform, the extract evaporated and the residue dissolved in methanol. High performance liquid chromatography analysis utilized a C18 microBondapak reversed-phase column eluted with 0.1 mol/l acetate buffer (pH 4) acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) with fluorescence detection. The assay is linear, reproducible, and precise with a limit of detection of 2 ng/ml. Representative serum levels of CMM and CMMOH in a cancer patients are presented. PMID- 7251758 TI - Thin-layer chromatographic method for the quantitative analysis of nalidixic acid in human plasma. AB - A sensitive and highly selective thin-layer chromatographic method for determining plasma levels of nalidixic acid is presented. Plasma (50 microliter) was acidified with 50 microliter M orthophosphoric acid and extracted with 100 microliter toluene. A 40-microliter aliquot of the extract was spotted onto the thin-layer plate with the aid of a Desaga Autospotter and, after irrigation, the nalidixic acid on the plate was converted into a fluorescent compound by exposing the plates to hydrogen chloride gas for 10 min and then to strong ultraviolet radiation from a mercury lamp for 10 min. The fluorescence was measured quantitatively using a spectrofluorimeter equipped with a thin-layer chromatogram scanning attachment. PMID- 7251759 TI - Myo inositol levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of infants. PMID- 7251760 TI - Determination of vanillylmandelic acid in urine by pre-column dansylation using micro high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PMID- 7251762 TI - Studies on dopamine-converting enzymes in human plasma. PMID- 7251763 TI - The use of oestradiol-17 beta antiserum covalently coupled to Sepharose to extract oestradiol-17 beta from biological fluids. PMID- 7251761 TI - Determination of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid excretion in urine. PMID- 7251764 TI - Determination of polyamines by ion-exchange thin-layer chromatography and video densitometry. PMID- 7251765 TI - Determination of flurbiprofen in human plasma using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. PMID- 7251766 TI - Rapid method for the determination of chlorpheniramine in urine. PMID- 7251767 TI - Steroid profiles of healthy individuals. AB - Urine steroid profiles of healthy individuals can be divided into two groups according to greatly different excretion rates of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). About 80% of the population show an excretion of DHEA in urine of just above the detection limit or less of the main androgens androsterone (A) and etiocholanolone (E). This excretion is only enhanced in psychological stress situations. The remaining 20% excrete DHEA in roughly equal amounts as A and E. While the relation of excreted steroids is rather constant, the absolute amounts may vary greatly. In contrast to the behaviour of all other steroids DHEA excretion is not in relation to other steroids. The group of "high DHEA" producing individuals in particular shows drastic changes in the excretion during a day: the DHEA excretion rapidly rises from morning until afternoon and then drops to rather low values in the resting period during the night. A recognizable DHEA production seems to be closely related to the waking period. PMID- 7251768 TI - Quantitative gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of phenoperidine in human plasma. PMID- 7251769 TI - Trace determination of almitrine in plasma by gas-liquid chromatography using a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. PMID- 7251770 TI - Rapid and simple method for the measurement of methotrexate and 7 hydroxymethotrexate in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7251771 TI - Determination of alinidine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7251772 TI - Determination of osalmid in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7251773 TI - Simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol and its succinate ester by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7251774 TI - Studies on steroids. CLXV. Determination of isomeric catechol estrogens in pregnancy urine by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A method for the determination of 2- and 4- hydroxylated estrone and estradiol in pregnancy urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) is described. The urine catechol estrogens were deconjugated, purified by adsorption on alumina, and subjected to HPLC-ECD. Two pairs of isomeric catechol estrogens were distinctly separated on a microBondapak c18 column with acetonitrile-0.5% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 3.0). The amounts of these four compounds were satisfactorily determined with a quantitation limit of 1 ng using 4-hydroxy-16 oxoestradiol 17 acetate as an internal standard. The validity of the present methods for the determination of urine catechol estrogens was verified by the recovery test. PMID- 7251775 TI - Determination of catecholamines by radioenzymatic assay using ion-pair liquid chromatography. AB - A simple radioenzymatic method for the simultaneous determination of norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine in human serum was developed. catecholamines were converted to normetanephrine (NMN), metanephrine (MN), 3 methoxytyramine (3-MT) and their 4-O-methyl isomers by catechol O-methyl transferase with S-adenosylmethionine-(3H-methyl) ([3H]SAM). After addition of unlabelled NMN, MN and 3-MT as carriers, the methyl derivatives were isolated from the reaction mixture by passing through a small boric acid gel column and separated from each other by ion-pair liquid chromatography. Interference by tailing of radioactivity of [3H] SAM and its degradation products eluted earlier was minimized by the use of a precolumn and a branched flow path. PMID- 7251776 TI - Measurements of polyamines and their acetylated derivatives in cell extracts and physiological fluids by use of an amino acid analyzer. AB - A fast and sensitive method for the determination of free polyamines and their acetylated derivatives is presented. The separation is carried out on a Durrum DC 6A cation-exchange resin with an automated amino acid analyzer. The determination is based on a step wise elution with a sodium chloride-sodium citrate buffer system. Detection is done by fluorescence of the o-phthaldialdehyde-polyamine conjugates. The sensitivity is in the picomole range. No prior purification step is needed. The method has been applied to cell extracts and urine samples. PMID- 7251777 TI - Purification and assay of bovine parathyroid hormone by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used to purify a crude extract of bovine parathyroid glands, in a single run on an analytical column, to give a high yield of homogeneous material with full bioactivity in in vivo bioassay. Bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH) prepared and purified by conventional procedures has been rapidly and quantitatively separated from its oxidation and other degradation products, from hormone fragments and from non-hormonal contaminants. Recovery of bPTH, monitored by region-specific immunoassays, in vivo bioassay and re-chromatography on HPLC was greater than 93%. The detection limit of the HPLC system, using endogenous tryptophan fluorescence, was 20 ng bPTH. PMID- 7251778 TI - The assay of fentanyl and its metabolites in plasma of patients using gas chromatography with alkali flame ionisation detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - Fentanyl was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and alkali flame ionisation detection (AFID), in the plasma of patients who had received a high single dose (up to 60 microgram/kg body weight). The relative standard deviation is 6% for 11 ng/ml while the calculated detection limit is 3.3 ng of fentanyl per 1 ml of plasma. The concentration of fentanyl in patients ranged from 40 to 3 ng/ml of plasma. The concentration of fentanyl in patients ranged from 40 to 3 ng/ml of plasma in the first hour after administration. In the plasma of patients treated with fentanyl two metabolites could be detected and identified using GC-AFID and GC-MS. PMID- 7251779 TI - Sensitive gas chromatographic determination of trifluoperazine in human plasma. AB - Plasma trifluoperazine levels of patients taking a single 20 mg dose of trifluoperazine were measured by a sensitive and linear method. The low detection limit of 0.1 ng/ml plasma was obtained through use of a highly sensitive nitrogen phosphorus detector combined with an efficient extraction method. Recovery of trifluoperazine to human plasma was 96%. Data are presented on the stability of trifluoperazine in refrigerated human plasma. PMID- 7251780 TI - A new method for detection of drug-binding proteins using a parallel-flow dialysis technique. AB - A parallel-flow dialysis technique utilizing a Technicon dialyzer and a constant flow system has been described for the detection of drug-binding proteins. The effect of temperature, flow-rate and drug concentration was investigated by measuring the efficiency of dialysis and detecting the binding of methyl orange to bovine serum albumin. The larger response was shown to be achieved by increasing the efficiency of dialysis or the drug concentration. The present method will enable the continuous monitoring of drug-binding proteins. PMID- 7251781 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in amniotic fluid. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure has been developed for the separation of phospholipids commonly found in amniotic fluid. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a 25-cm column packed with LiChrosorb DIOL (10 mum). A 3-cm column packed with silica was fitted between the injector and the DIOL column to provide complete separation of lecithin (L) and sphingomyelin (S) from the remaining amniotic fluid phospholipids. The eluted phospholipids were quantitated employing an ultraviolet absorption detector set at 203 nm. The new HPLC separation described herein has improved the resolution and peak sharpness of L and S. Furthermore, phosphatidyl glycerol and phosphatidyl inositol were completely separated and quantitated. Amniotic fluid L/S ratios determined by this technique have been compared to those of an established thin-layer chromatographic procedure. PMID- 7251782 TI - High-performance aqueous gel permeation chromatography of serum lipoproteins: selective detection of cholesterol by enzymatic reaction. AB - A rapid method for the quantitation of cholesterol in each lipoprotein fraction has been developed which utilizes high-performance aqueous gel permeation chromatography followed by enzymatic reaction using reaction-type high performance chromatography. Cholesterol in serum lipoproteins eluted from the column could be sensitively and selectively detected by the absorbance at 550 nm following the enzymatic reaction. The sensitivity of the detection for cholesterol measured by A550 was compared with that for protein measured by A280 using the standard lipoprotein fractions: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL2 and HDL3). The effects of changing the flow-rate and lengthening the column on the resolution of LDL and HDL were examined. Analyses of serum protein and cholesterol were performed with this method for human and animal subjects. PMID- 7251784 TI - Quantitative determination of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol and its sulfate conjugate in human lumbar cerebrospinal fluid using liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. AB - A sensitive and direct reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method with amperometric detection was developed for the determination of 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG). The concentrations of the free and sulfate conjugate of MHPG were measured in human lumbar cerebrospinal fluid. All samples were preconcentrated by extraction with ethyl acetate. Deconjugation of the sulfate form of MHPG was achieved by enzymatic hydrolysis with sulfatase. Peaks were identified on the basis of chromatographic behavior, ratio of responses at several oxidation potentials and the stopped-flow UV spectra of the collected fractions. The free MHPG content of 20 cerebrospinal fluid samples ranged between 0.720 and 19.51 ng/ml with the mean of 5.126 +/- 4.652 (S.D.) ng/ml. The sulfate conjugate of MHPG in 12 samples of cerebrospinal fluid ranged between 0.08 and 0.850 ng/ml with the mean value of 0.2365 +/- 0.2269 (S.D.) ng/ml. Although our results correlate well with the literature values, no attempt was made to interpret the quantitative data since samples were obtained from routine, diagnostic testing of patients admitted to the medical or neurologic services at the Mount Sinai Hospital. PMID- 7251783 TI - Determination of the primary metabolite of central nervous system norepinephrine, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenethyleneglycol, in mouse brain and brain perfusate by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - Assays are described for the determination of picomole levels of 3-methoxy-4 hydroxy-phenethyleneglycol (MHPG) in mouse brain and in the perfusate of an intact mouse brain. High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection yielded a MHPG detection limit of 0.37 pmol. This technique offers a sensitive and inexpensive alternative to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. PMID- 7251785 TI - Determination of indoles and catechols in rat brain and pineal using liquid chromatography with fluorometric and amperometric detection. AB - Tryptophan, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and homovanillic acid were determined in rat brain by the direct injection of a centrifuged tissue homogenate into a liquid chromatographic-fluorometric/amperometric system. The above indoles, along with melatonin, were also determined in single rat pineal glands. The utility of the system in determining several additional catechols and idoles in brain was examined. PMID- 7251786 TI - Determination of carbohydrates in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography and optical activity detection. AB - Improvements in a detector for liquid chromatography based on optical activity of the components have led to a detectability of 100 ng. This allows the simultaneous determination of six naturally occurring carbohydrates in 100 microliters samples of human urine, which is injected directly except for a simple deionization step. The reproducibility and reliability of this method should allow better insight into the relation between urinary sugars and physiological conditions. PMID- 7251787 TI - Simultaneous determination of phencyclidine and monohydroxylated metabolites in urine of man by gas chromatography-mass fragmentography with methane chemical ionization. AB - Phencyclidine and monohydroxy metabolites were measured in human urine using gas chromatography-mass fragmentography with methane chemical ionization. Samples were extracted either untreated or following acid hydrolysis, derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride, separated on a 3% SE-30 column and analyzed by mass fragmentography. The assay was sensitive to ca. 0.01 microgram/ml for phencyclidine and ca. 0.05 microgram/ml for the metabolites. Urine samples from five human subjects enrolled in a methadone maintenance program who had ingested phencyclidine were analyzed. The phencyclidine concentration ranged from 0.3 to 23.7 microgram/ml. The concentrations of metabolites ranged from 0 to 1.8 microgram/ml. A new monohydroxy metabolite was detected in the samples, but its structure was not fully elucidated. The specificity of the assay was examined. PMID- 7251789 TI - Quantitative determination of niflumic acid and its beta-morpholinoethyl ester in human plasma by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - Niflumic acid and its beta-morpholinoethyl ester are extracted from plasma with diethyl ether. After methylation with diazomethane the solution is evaporated to dryness and the residue dissolved in methanol before injection in the chromatographic column. Using a nitrogen-sensitive detector the method permits the determination of 100 ng of each compound in 1 ml of plasma. The coefficient of variation is 5.3% and 4.8% for the acid and the ester, respectively, at the 2 microgram level. PMID- 7251788 TI - Specific determination of plasma nicardipine hydrochloride levels by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - A highly specific method for the determination of the plasma level of the potent vasodilator 2-(N-benzyl-N-methylamino)ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl) 1,4-dihydropyridine carboxylate hydrochloride (nicardipine hydrochloride) in rats, dogs and humans is described. N-d3-Methyl derivative was added as an internal standard, then the plasma was extracted with diethyl ether and subjected to thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to remove the pyridine analogue, one of the drug's metabolites. The area corresponding to the unchanged drug was identified with simultaneously run N-d7-benzyl derivative under UV light. The unchanged drug with a 1,4-dihydropyridine structure was oxidized with nitrous acid to its pyridine anlogue, which was stable for gas chromatography, and subjected to mass spectrometry at m/e 134 (nicardipine) and m/e 137 (N-d3-methyl derivative). The sensitivity limit was 5 g ml-1. The ratio of the unchanged drug to the value obtained by the method without TLC separation was 100% for rats and 80% for dogs and humans at almost all times investigated after dosing. These results demonstrate that in these species, the amount of pyridine analogue in plasma was very small compared with that of the parent drug. PMID- 7251790 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of the hypoglycaemic agent gliclazide in plasma. AB - A gas chromatographic method has been developed that permits the accurate and specific determination of the hypoglycaemic agent gliclazide in plasma. Gliclazide is extracted with chloroform and, after clean-up, derivatized with diazomethane followed by heptafluorobutyric anhydride to form N-methyl-N' heptafluorobutyrylgliclazide, which is assayed on a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector, an electron-capture detector or a nitrogen phosphorus sensitive detector. Accurate determinations are possible with flame ionization detection over a concentration range of 1--15 microgram/ml of gliclazide in plasma with a relative standard deviation of 5.2%. The minimum detectable concentration with electron-capture detection is 0.02 microgram per sample. Plasma levels of gliclazide in dogs following single oral administration (40 mg per dog) have also been determined. PMID- 7251791 TI - Simultaneous determination of cyclandelate and its metabolite in human plasma by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography. AB - A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of cyclandelate and mandelic acid concentrations in plasma, involving extraction from plasma followed by trimethylsilylation and chromatography of the derivatives on a glass capillary column with hydrogen flame-ionization detection. Calibration graphs were linear down to at least 20 microgram/ml for each substance. The precision was excellent with a pooled relative standard deviation of 6.3% and 6.4% for cyclandelate and mandelic acid serum samples, respectively. Concentrations below 500 ng/ml of each substance could be detected in human plasma. The method was developed for use in bioavailability and metabolism studies. PMID- 7251792 TI - Determination of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and 1-beta-D arabinofuranosyluracil in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method is described for the determination of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) and its metabolite 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (Ara-U) in human plasma. After deproteinization of the plasma sample, separation is performed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. For Ara-C concentrations exceeding 0.05 mg/l and for Ara-U concentrations exceeding 1 mg/l, injection volumes of 100 microliter are applied. For lower concentrations an injection volume of 500 microliter is used. Ara-C is detected at 280 nm with a lowest detection limit of 0.002 mg/l in plasma. Ara-U is detected at 264 nm with a lowest detection limit varying from 0.01 to 0.1 mg/l in plasma. This variation is caused by an unknown substance with the same elution properties as Ara-U and which appears to be present in plasma in variable concentrations. The coefficient of variation of the whole procedure is about 6% for Ara-C concentrations above 0.005 mg/l and for Ara U concentrations above 0.1 mg/l. For lower concentrations the coefficient of variation is about 14%. PMID- 7251793 TI - Determination of three main antileprosy drugs and their main metabolites in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The simultaneous analysis of main antileprosy drugs such as 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), clofazimine, rifampicin and their main metabolites in serum was examined by high-performance liquid chromatography using a muBondapak C18 column. When the drugs dissoluted from serum were developed by tetrahydrofuran-0.5% acetic acid (40:60), clofazimine and rifampicins could be analyzed separately. Apart from the mutual separation of water-soluble conjugates of DDS, the individual analysis of DDS, its main liposoluble metabolite and a few related sulfone compounds is possible when the drugs are first developed by acetonitrile water (20:80). By the use of tetrahydrofuran-water (50:50) containing PIC B-5, the rapid measurement of clofazimine isolated from the other compounds is also possible. PMID- 7251794 TI - Determination of cephalosporins in biological material by reversed-phase liquid column chromatography. AB - Seven cephalosporins (beta-lactam antibiotics), viz. cefazolin, cephalotin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, cefamandole, cefuroxime and cefoperazone (T 1551) were determined in biological material. The compounds were extracted from acid-treated body fluids into chloroform--1-pentanol (3:1) and re-extracted into a small volume of an aqueous phase at Ph 7, which was injected into the chromatographic column. The chromatographic support was muBondapak C18 (10 micrometer) and the mobile phase was a mixture of 0.01 M acetate buffer (pH 4.8) and methanol or acetonitrile. Detection limits are about 50 ng/ml for extractions from 1 ml of serum and have permitted pharmacokinetic studies of the seven cephalosporins. PMID- 7251796 TI - Simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantification of 3-methylhistidine. PMID- 7251795 TI - Determination of tritiated digoxin and metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography. AB - A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of digoxin, digoxigenin, its mono- and bisdigitoxoside and dihydrodigoxin in urine is described. Doses of 100 muCi of [12 alpha-3H]digoxin and 0.5 mg (640 nmol) of digoxin were administered orally to eight healthy volunteers. The compounds were extracted from urine with methylene chloride containing 3% of heptafluorobutanol. After separation, fractions corresponding to digoxin and the metabolites were measured by liquid scintillation counting. Conjugates of the glycoside metabolites were determined indirectly after pre-treatment of the samples with beta-glucuronidase arylsulphatase. The detection limit was 0.1 nmol/l. Metabolites amounting to 0.5% of digoxin were assayed with a relative standard deviation of 5%. The advantages of the method are a high recovery in the extraction step, short separation times and the possibility of separate assay of dihydrodigoxin. PMID- 7251798 TI - Simultaneous assay of methylphenobarbital and phenobarbital in plasma using gas chromatography--mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. PMID- 7251799 TI - Antipyrine determination in human plasma by gas--liquid chromatography using nitrogen--phosphorus detection. PMID- 7251797 TI - Determination of 5-aminolaevulinic acid dehydrase activity in erythrocytes by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7251800 TI - Ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of levamisole in biological fluids. PMID- 7251801 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of haloperidol in plasma. PMID- 7251802 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of lorcainide and its active metabolite, norlorcainide, in human plasma. PMID- 7251803 TI - Simultaneous determination of sulfinpyrazone and four of its metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7251804 TI - Determination of trichlormethiazide in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7251805 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of bromural in serum upon hemoperfusion. PMID- 7251806 TI - Rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatography of salicylic acid, salicylamide, ethoxybenzamide and paracetamol in saliva. PMID- 7251807 TI - Determination of priority pollutant phenols in water by HPLC. AB - A liquid chromatographic method capable of identifying ng/l quantities of phenolic compounds in water is described. The separation was accomplished by using a MicroPak 5 mu C18 column with an acetic acid/water/acetonitrile eluent. Dual UV detection provided confirmatory information. A two-step extraction with methylene chloride utilizing a cationic ion-pair reagent was developed to concentrate the phenols from the water samples. The extraction method had recoveries that exceeded 90% for all phenols studied with the exception of phenol itself, which had a recovery of 75%. An application of the ion-pair extraction HPLC method to water analysis is presented. PMID- 7251808 TI - Determination and temperature effects of lidocaine (lignocaine) hydrochloride, epinephrine, methylparaben, 2,6-dimethylaniline, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in USP lidocaine injection by ion-pair reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - USP Lidocaine injection was assayed using ion-pair high pressure liquid chromatography with an octylsilane (RP-8) reversed-phase column packing and a mobile phase consisting of D-10-camphorsulfonic acid/methanol/acetic acid/water. The effect of temperature was investigated to determine the optimum temperature for separating the drug components and their degradation products. Lidocaine (lignocaine) hydrochloride, epinephrine, methylparaben, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were separated at 50 degrees C. 2,6-Dimethylaniline was separated from lidocaine at 15 degrees C. An aliquot of the sample was injected directly into the liquid chromatograph, and after separation the compounds were quantitated by their spectrophotometric response at 254 nm (lidocaine) or 280 nm (lidocaine plus epinephrine). PMID- 7251809 TI - Short column chromatographic separation of 11-deoxy- and 11-oxy-17-oxogenic steroids as dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives. AB - A method for the determination of urinary 17-oxogenic steroids in two fractions (11-deoxy-17-oxogenic and 11-oxy-17-oxogenic steroids) is described. The method is based on initial reduction with borohydride and on oxidation with sodium metaperidate, followed by the formation of dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives and the separation of the derivatives on short columns of alumina eluted by amyl alcohol to toluene. The assay is robust, reliable, and suitable as a simple laboratory measurement of the integrated adrenocortical function over time. Such analysis should be useful in any situation where cortisol metabolism is changed. Some suggested areas of applicability are in cases of Cushing's syndrome and in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 7251810 TI - Chronic disease, function and the quality of care. PMID- 7251811 TI - Serum thiocyanate concentration and cigarette smoking in relation to overall mortality and to deaths from coronary heart disease and lung cancer. PMID- 7251812 TI - Survival analysis by sex, age group and hemotype in sickle cell disease. PMID- 7251814 TI - Psychosocial and environmental correlates of coronary-prone behavior in Finland. PMID- 7251813 TI - Blood pressure and hypertension in Israeli high school students. PMID- 7251815 TI - The modified sphygmomanometer-an instrument to measure muscle strength: a validation study. PMID- 7251816 TI - Dopaminergic regulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion in normal man: correlation of L-dopa and dopamine levels with the GH response. PMID- 7251817 TI - Plasma prolactin in acromegaly before and after treatment. AB - Plasma human prolactin (hPRL) was measured in 73 untreated acromegalic patients and was found to be elevated in 32% of the total population. Hyperprolactinemia was present in 40% of the females and in 27% of the male patients. In both groups, plasma hPRL correlated with plasma human growth hormone (hGH) levels with correlation coefficients of 0.38 (P less than 0.05) for females and 0.41 (P less than 0.005) for males. Forty-five patients were treated with conventional supervoltage pituitary irradiation and evaluated 2, 5, and 10 yr after treatment. The patients with hyperprolactinemia before irradiation showed a decrease in plasma hPRL at the most recent follow-up (mean +/- SEM, 125 +/- 34 vs. 67 +/- 15 ng/ml; P less than 0.01), although, in general, they did not achieve normal values. The patients who had normal plasma hPRL before irradiation (mean +/- SEM, 14 +/- 2 ng/ml) had increased levels after therapy (23 +/- ng/ml; P less than 0.005) but remained in the normal range during long term follow-up. In 10 patients followed for 1-10 yr without treatment, there was a tendency for plasma hPRL to rise progressively (mean increment, 122% above the initial value), with individual changes in hPRL strikingly parallel to the changes in plasma hGH. When serum hPRL was initially elevated, similar responses in both hormones were also seen in a small group of patients treated with surgical hypophysectomy. Galactorrhea was present in 5 of the 25 female patients; in 4 of the 5, plasma hPRL was within the normal range. Overall, these data suggest a closer relationship between hGH and hPRL in acromegaly than had been suspected, not only at the level of pituitary secretion but possibly also at the target cell. PMID- 7251818 TI - Dopaminergic control of thyrotropin, alpha-subunit, thyrotropin beta-subunit, and prolactin in euthyroidism and hypothyroidism: dissociated responses to dopamine receptor blockade with metoclopramide in hypothyroid subjects. PMID- 7251820 TI - Aging and tissue androgens. AB - Testosterone, 5 alpha-androstane-17 beta-ol-3-one (DHT) and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (Adiol) concentrations were measured in postmortem tissues (pubic skin, scrotal skin, thigh skin, and striated muscle) from 24 males, aged 20-82 yr. Androgen concentrations were highest in scrotal skin, followed by those in pubic skin, and lowest in thigh skin and striated muscle. Moreover, using the ratio of DHT plus Adiol over testosterone as a parameter of 5 alpha-reductase activity, the following order, from highest to lowest activity, was found: scrotal skin greater than pubic skin greater than thigh skin greater than striated muscle. If the Adiol over DHT ratio was taken as a parameter of 3 reductase activity, then this order, from highest to lowest activity, was: striated muscle greater than thigh skin greater than pubic skin greater than scrotal skin. An age-dependent decrease in androgen concentration was only found in pubic skin. The unexpected absence of such a decrease in scrotal skin might be explained by the embryological origin of the scrotum, which is similar to that of the prostate, an organ which also does not show any age-dependent decrease in androgen concentration. In the other tissues, this absence might be related to the relatively low concentration, high individual variability, and small number of subjects studied. PMID- 7251819 TI - Aromatization of androstenedione by human adipose tissue stromal cells in monolayer culture. AB - Stromal cells and adipocytes were separated after collagenase treatment of adipose tissue obtained from women undergoing elective surgery, and these cells were used to study aromatization of [3H]androstenedione in vitro. Aromatization activity was estimated either 1) by determining the incorporation of tritium from [1-3H]androstenedione into [3H]water or else 2) by determining the formation of [3H]estrone (E1) and [3H]estradiol (E2) from [1,2,6,7-3H]androstenedione. It was established that only 13% of the aromatase activity of adipose tissue resided in the adipocyte fraction, whereas 87% of the aromatase activity was in the stromal/vascular fraction. Subsequent studies of aromatization were conducted utilizing stromal/vascular cells grown to confluence in monolayer culture. In such cells, the formation of [3H]E2 was slower initially but increased with time, and after 48 h of incubation, the amount of [3H]E2 produced exceeded that of [3H]E1. The rate of [3H]E1 formation, as a function of [3H]androstenedione concentration, followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The Vmax ranged from 0.8-3.0 pmol and ranged from 0.16-0.67 pmol mg-1 cell protein 6 h-1 in cells from omental adipose tissue. The apparent Km for [3H]androstenedione in stromal cells derived from both omental and sc tissue was the same, i.e. about 25 nM. We conclude that the ability of human adipose tissue to form estrogen is not a function primarily of the adipocytes but rather resides principally in the cells of the stroma. PMID- 7251821 TI - Characterization of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) apoprotein levels in the various ApoE phenotypes. AB - Upon isoelectric focusing, the apolipoprotein E (apoE) system in man demonstrates at least five subspecies. The system constitutes a complex polymorphism that gives rise to five genetically determined phenotypes. Patients with type III hyperlipoproteinemia are markedly deficient in the apoE-3 subspecies. In order to determine whether the various phenotypes differ with respect to the total amount of protein present, we measured the apoE levels in plasma by RIA in six families ascertained through a well documented type III proband. ApoE-3-deficient homozygotes were found to have significantly more protein than heterozygotes who, in turn, had significantly more protein than normal homozygotes. These differences remained significant after allowance was made for the correlated effects of very low density lipoproteins cholesterol and very low density lipoproteins triglycerides. Among heterozygotes, persons with the fifth isoelectric focusing band (apoE-4) were found to have significantly less apoE protein than heterozygotes without this band. A similar but nonsignificant trend was observed in normal homozygotes. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the primary defect in type III hyperlipoproteinemia subspecies to another. PMID- 7251822 TI - Molybdate and the measurements of androgen receptors in prostate cancer. AB - Using the sucrose density gradient technique, we have compared androgen receptor values obtained in the presence and absence of sodium molybdate from cytosols of surgically obtained human prostate cancer tissue. In all nine prostates examined, inclusion of molybdate in the buffers resulted in an increase in the amount of androgen receptor detected, in some cases dramatically. Since accurate androgen receptor assays could be valuable for therapeutic decision making in prostate cancer, we advocate the inclusion of sodium molybdate in assay buffers to guard against the possibility of false negative or artificially low values. PMID- 7251823 TI - Follow-up study of pharyngeal carriers of beta-hemolytic streptococci among school children in Sapporo City during a period of 2 years and 5 months. AB - A total of 124 normal school children in three classes (aged 8 to 9) were examined for beta-hemolytic streptococci for 29 months from August 1977 to December 1979 be means of serial monthly throat cultures. No significant difference between the carrier rate of boys and that of girls was observed. Although no monthly variation of carrier rates appeared in class II, marked temporal increases of carrier rates appeared from June 1978 (in Class I) and from August 1978 (in class III) in August 1979. These periodical variations of carrier rates observed in this investigation do not coincide with the low-in summer and high-in winter seasonal variations which has generally been observed by many other investigators. The average values of carrier rates throughout the period of this investigation were 30.9, 29.7, and 24.5% in classes I, II, and III, respectively. The carrier rate of group A streptococci by month and by class showed some positive correlation with the carrier rate of total beta-hemolytic streptococci. T-type 4 and T-untypable strains were not identified up to a certain period; then each strain appeared at a given time during the course of our investigation in one class, spread to all three classes, and continued to be isolated until the end of this investigation. The origin of these type of strains could not be identified in this study. Of the children, 36 (29.0%) never became streptococcal carriers during the period of examination and 88 (71.0%) became streptococcal carriers at least one time during the 29 examinations; among these positive carriers, 29 children (23.0%) showed positive results in more than 50% of the examinations. PMID- 7251824 TI - Immunoglobulin E anti-Staphylococcus aureus antibodies in atopic patients. AB - Sera from 56 patient and normal adults were examined to quantitate total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgE antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Patients were divided into six groups based on clinical symptoms; a seventh group consisted of normal adults. Anti-S, aureus IgE binding was significantly higher in three groups of patients (those with eczema, those with or without series staphylococcal abscesses, and allergic patients with staphylococcal skin infections) than it was in the control group. Patients with high IgE due to allergies or parasitic infections without staphylococcal infections and patients with low or normal IgE and serious staphylococcal infection showed low levels of binding. The assay measured specific binding of IgE to bacterial antigens. PMID- 7251826 TI - Role of pH in oxidase variability of Aeromonas hydrophila. AB - Some strains of Aeromonas hydrophila may be oxidase negative or only weakly oxidase positive by the Kovacs method taken from the surface of a differential medium, such as MacConkey agar. Six strains of A. hydrophila, two oxidase variable, one oxidase constant, and three weakly oxidase positive on MacConkey agar, were studied to determine the cause of oxidase variability. The bacteriostatic dyes in MacConkey agar were considered possible inhibitors of the oxidase reaction. The concentration of these dyes was varied from twice the normal concentration in zero. No change in the oxidase reaction of any of the six strains was noted. Carbohydrate utilization was also studied. When lactose was deleted from the MacConkey agar formula, the oxidase-variable and weakly oxidase positive stains become strongly oxidase positive. When glucose was substituted for lactose in the MacConkey agar formula, all strains became oxidase negative. Substitution of nonfermentable carbohydrates, such as dulcitol or raffinose, returned all strains to the oxidase-positive state. When trehalose, which is utilized by all of the strains, was substituted for lactose, the oxidase-variable strains and two of the three weakly oxidase-positive strains became oxidase negative. The other weakly oxidase-positive strain remained weakly positive and the oxidase-constant strain remained strongly oxidase positive when trehalose was substituted for lactose. Oxidase reactions were found to be negative when the pH of the medium was 5.1 or lower. Negative oxidase reactions could be reversed by raising the pH above 5.2, and positive oxidase reactions could be reversed by lowering the pH to 5.1. Therefore, the fermentation of lactose in MacConkey agar results in the inhibition of the oxidase reaction. The acid end products of the fermentation of lactose include acetic, formic, lactic, oxaloacetic, pyruvic, and succinic acids. PMID- 7251825 TI - Isolation of Pasteurella ureae from reproductive tracts of congenic mice. AB - Infertility noted in two congenic strains of mice was associated with abortion, metritis, and stillbirths. Pasteurella pneumotropica was recovered from affected uterine tracts of ATL mice. Tetracycline treatment for 6 weeks was instituted in an attempt to minimize Pasteurella-associated infertility. Nine ATL mice and 12 ATH mice were examined 4 and 12 months after cessation of tetracycline therapy, respectively. Histopathologically, all animals appeared normal. P. pneumotropica was recovered from six of nine prepuces of both ATH and ATL mice; similarly, two of three vaginal culture of the ATL mice yielded this bacterium. Pasteurella ureae was isolated from three of eight reproductive tracts of the female ATH mice, Negative indole and ornithine decarboxylase reactions and positive acid production for mannitol differentiated P. ureae from P. pneumotropica. This report represents the first confirmed isolation of P. urea from animals. Biochemical profiles of atypical strains of P. pneumotropica isolated from animals are discussed and compared with those of P. ureae. The need for careful biochemical characterization of all Pasteurella isolated from rodents is emphasized. PMID- 7251827 TI - Bacterial fouling of a hospital closed-loop cooling system by Pseudomonas sp. AB - During the summer of 1979 the air-conditioning system at a hospital in Boston deteriorated, and this led to total failure of some chilling units. Patient care and operating-room areas were affected. Investigation of the problem ruled out mechanical and electrical causes, but revealed a strain of Pseudomonas sp. biofouling heat transfer tubes of the closed chilled water system. The pseudomonads apparently were stimulated to grow by low concentrations of ethylene glycol antifreeze. The proximate source of these organisms was an expansion tank located in a 33 degrees C environment. The organisms probably originated from the potable water supply of the hospital. Fouling was eventually cleaned by prolonged and expensive treatments of the closed chilled water system. Pseudomonas sp. is frequently isolated from hospital-acquired infections at our institution (Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Mass.); however, our studies with fluorescent dye tracers indicated that organisms were prohibited from entering patient areas via contaminated water from the chillers. Microbiologists must become cognizant of seemingly unimportant microbial environments within hospitals that may indirectly contribute to hospital-acquired infections. PMID- 7251828 TI - Branhamella (Neisseria) catarrhalis--a lower respiratory tract pathogen? AB - Branhamella (Neisseria) catarrhalis was identified as a probable respiratory tract pathogen in seven patients, four with pneumonia and three with bronchitis. Five of the B. catarrhalis isolates produced beta-lactamase. Production of beta lactamase correlated with penicillin resistance by the standardized disk diffusion method and also with high minimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin for the two strains which were tested. PMID- 7251831 TI - Civil rights in medicine. PMID- 7251829 TI - Pseudomonas paucimobilis bacteremia. AB - Pseudomonas paucimobilis was isolated from blood of a man after surgery for occlusive vascular disease of his lower extremities. Circumstances suggest that the infection was hospital associated and was possibly caused by an organism present in the surroundings of this particularly susceptible host. An environmental source was found. The isolate was susceptible in vitro to carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and was moderately susceptible to amikacin and ampicillin. This case represents the fourth report incidence of infection due to P. paucimobilis. PMID- 7251830 TI - Antibiotic resistance in Providencia stuartii isolated in hospitals. AB - A total of 238 isolates of Providencia stuartii obtained from infected patients in six Dublin hospitals were grouped by using serological and bacteriocin typing methods and tested for sensitivity to a number of antimicrobial agents. Most isolates were resistant to several of these agents. Resistance to tetracycline, resistance to penicillin, resistance to polymyxin, and probably resistance to nitrofurantoin was intrinsic. Plasmid screening coupled with resistance transfer studies showed that both chromosome-encoded and plasmid-coded resistance mechanisms were clinically important. Ampicillin resistance was both chromosomally and plasmid encoded, whereas resistance to kanamycin and resistance to carbenicillin were exclusively plasmid encoded. Gentamicin resistance was more common than kanamycin resistance, and although gentamicin-resistant strains contained aminoglycoside acetyltransferase activity, no association could be demonstrated with plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid in the strains tested. Unlike minimal inhibitory concentrations for kanamycin, minimal inhibitory concentrations for gentamicin varied over a wide range. P. stuartii isolated obtained from several different countries were tested for comparison. As a group, these strains were less resistant, but they did exhibit similar resistance properties. PMID- 7251832 TI - National health insurance and child health care. PMID- 7251833 TI - Private health insurance in a national health program: the U.S. experience. PMID- 7251836 TI - Repeating history. PMID- 7251834 TI - Health care of old people in Scotland: lessons for the United States? PMID- 7251835 TI - The federal budget is dangerous to your health. PMID- 7251837 TI - The relation of alcohol to coronary heart disease and mortality: implications for public health policy. PMID- 7251838 TI - Firearms and the public health. PMID- 7251839 TI - Regulation of health care: prospects for the future. PMID- 7251840 TI - Health departments in a National Health Service: an American perspective. PMID- 7251841 TI - The health system in Costa Rica: toward a National Health Service. PMID- 7251842 TI - The shortage of nurses in the United States. PMID- 7251843 TI - The epidemiologic basis for hypertension control. PMID- 7251844 TI - Occupational cancer control policy. PMID- 7251846 TI - The public general satellite clinic as a model for a U.S. National Health Service. PMID- 7251845 TI - Is the economic role of private health insurance justified? PMID- 7251847 TI - A world perspective on health care in the twentieth century. PMID- 7251848 TI - Benzene, leukemia, and the Supreme Court. PMID- 7251849 TI - The fate of joint public-private planning for child health in North Carolina. PMID- 7251850 TI - Connecticut's Clean Indoor Air Act. PMID- 7251851 TI - A health systems agency and a fluoridation campaign. PMID- 7251852 TI - The state of the public sector health services in California. PMID- 7251853 TI - The Canadian health system in transition. PMID- 7251854 TI - EPA in transition. PMID- 7251855 TI - A federal department of health. PMID- 7251856 TI - Characterization of the porphobilinogen deaminase deficiency in acute intermittent porphyria. Immunologic evidence for heterogeneity of the genetic defect. AB - The molecular pathology of the porphobilinogen (PBG)-deaminase deficiency in heterozygotes for acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) was investigated by means of biochemical and immunologic techniques. The stable enzyme-substrate intermediates (A, B, C, D, and E) of PBG-deaminase were separated by anion-exchange chromatography of erythrocyte lysates from heterozygotes for AIP and normal individuals. In normal lysates, the intermediates eluted in a characteristic pattern with decreasing amounts of activity (A > B > C > D > E), the combined A and B intermediates representing >75% of total recovered activity. In contrast, two different profiles were observed in lysates from heterozygotes for AIP. In most heterozygotes, the elution profile was similar to that of normal individuals, but each intermediate was reduced approximately 50%. A second profile in which the C intermediate had disproportionately higher activity than the A or B intermediates was observed in asymptomatic heterozygotes with high urinary levels of PBG (>5 mug/ml) as well as in heterozygotes during acute attacks. These findings suggested that the C intermediate (the dipyrrole-enzyme intermediate) may be rate limiting in the stepwise conversion of the monopyrrole, PBG, to the linear tetrapyrrole, hydroxymethylbilane. To investigate further the nature of the enzymatic defect in AIP, sensitive immunotitration and immunoelectrophoretic assays were developed with the aid of a rabbit anti-human PBG-deaminase IgG preparation produced against the homogeneous enzyme. Equal amounts of erythrocyte lysate activity from 32 heterozygotes for AIP from 22 unrelated families and 35 normal individuals were immunoelectrophoresed. There were no detectable differences in the amounts of cross-reactive immunologic material (CRIM) in lysates from the normal individuals and 25 heterozygotes from 21 of the 22 unrelated families with AIP. In contrast, when equal enzymatic activities were coimmunoelectrophoresed, all seven heterozygotes from one family had approximately 1.6 times the amount of CRIM compared with that detected in normal lysates. Consistent with these findings, immunotitration studies also demonstrated similar quantities of noncatalytic CRIM in lysates from this AIP family. When equal activities of the individual A, B, C, and D enzyme-substrate intermediates from normal and CRIM-positive erythrocytes were immunoelectrophoresed, increased amounts of immunoreactive protein were observed for each intermediate, B > A approximately C approximately D, from the CRIM positive AIP variants. On the basis of these findings, it is hypothesized that the enzymatic defect in the CRIM-positive AIP family resulted from a mutation in the structural gene for PBG-deaminase which altered the catalytic as well as a substrate binding site. These studies of the enzymatic defect provide the first demonstration of genetic heterogeneity in AIP. PMID- 7251858 TI - Cystic fibrosis ciliary dyskinesia substances and pulmonary disease. Effects of ciliary dyskinesia substances on neutrophil movement in vitro. AB - Cultured mononuclear cells (MNC) from individuals homozygous or heterozygous for the defective gene causing the inherited disease cystic fibrosis (CF) synthesize three unusual "mediators" termed ciliary dyskinesia substances (CDS), which markedly affect tracheal mucociliary systems in vitro. MNC cultures from normal healthy controls do not accumulate any CDS, whereas MNC cultures from non-CF patients controls with pulmonary disease synthesized at least one CDS. The possible involvement of the CDS in pulmonary disease is being investigated. In this study, we sought to determine whether the CDS could be chemoattractants for polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), since they have characteristics in common with known chemoattractants generated by alveolar macrophages. Our analyses of crude MNC culture supernates indicated that cultures from both CF genotypes accumulate significantly higher levels of PMN chemoattractants than do analogous cultures from normal healthy controls. CF homozygote MNC also generated more activity than MNC from patient controls with chronic pulmonary disease. Fractionation of MNC culture supernates by gel permeation chromatography and characterization of active fractions demonstrated six distinct PMN chemoattractants in cultures from CF genotypes; five were also present in patient control and four in normal healthy control cultures. The excessive chemoattractant activity in MNC cultures from CF genotypes and patient controls was due to several different substances produced by monocytes: (a) two components of 1,000-3,500 mol wt. (b) two fragments of C5, and (c) a fragment of C3. One C5 fragment had ciliary dyskinesia activity, the other did not. The C3 fragment chemoattractant also had ciliary dyskinesia activity and was not found in MNC cultures from patient controls. A third CDS, Which is CF-specific (5,000 mol wt), was neither chemotactic not chemokinetic and did not inhibit random PMN migration; however, fractions containing this CF-specific CDS completely inhibited PMN chemotaxis in response to three different chemoattractants. We conclude that all of the CDS can potentially play a role in the pathophysiology of lung disease, as judged by their effects on PMN movement in vitro. PMID- 7251857 TI - Corticosteroids block binding of chemotactic peptide to its receptor on granulocytes and cause disaggregation of granulocyte aggregates in vitro. AB - Inhibition of complement-mediated granulocyte aggregation has recently been proposed as a mechanism of action of high-dose corticosteroids in shock states. Postulating that such inhibition might be effected through alteration of receptors function, we examined the effect of methylprednisolone (MP), hydrocortisone (HC), and dexamethasone (DEX) on the extent and kinetics of binding of the synthetic chemotaxin f-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (FMLP) to its specific receptor on the granulocyte surface. Dose-dependent inhibition of binding was observed at corticosteroid concentrations paralleling plasma levels achieved with 30 mg/kg intravenous bolus therapy; the order of potency was MP greater than HC greater than DEX. Receptor number was unaffected by steroid exposure, but the steroids effected a decrease in association rate constant for the FMLP-receptor interaction (35% of N for 0.2 mg/ml MP), leading to decreased receptor-ligand affinity. Dissociation kinetics, as examined by cold-chase experiments, were unaltered by the corticosteroids. Furthermore, in addition to the inhibition of aggregation previously reported, aggregated granulocytes were found to disaggregate upon addition of corticosteroids; the order of potency was again MP greater than HC greater than DEX, with an MP concentration of approximately 2-3 mg/ml required to effect complete disaggregation. We conclude that corticosteroids can displace FMLP from the granulocyte surface by slowing association while allowing dissociation to proceed; altered kinetics of receptor FMLP interaction may explain both the inhibition of granulocyte aggregation and granulocyte disaggregation. If these observations also hold for physiologic stimuli (such as C5adesarginine, which behaves similarly with respect to aggregation, inhibition, and disaggregation), such kinetic changes may be important in the clinical effects of very high-dose corticosteroids such as are administered in shock. PMID- 7251859 TI - Metabolic and renal clearance rates of purified human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and renal clearance rate (RCR) of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were measured in healthy young men and women using techniques of continuous intravenous infusion and rapid intravenous injection of unlabeled, highly purified hCG. Seven subjects received 4 d of infusion at a rate of 0.2 microgram/min, followed by an additional 4 d of infusion at 0.8 microgram/min. Mean serum levels of hCG established at these rates of infusion were 61.1 +/- 3.3 and 237 +/- 16 ng/ml, respectively (mean +/- SEM). The MCR determined at the low infusion rate was not significantly different from that determined at the higher infusion rate (1.83 +/- 0.09 vs. 1.95 +/- 0.14 ml/min per m2). The mean MCR for all subjects was 1.88 +/- 0.08 ml/min per m2. The MCR was not significantly different between men amd women (2.04 +/- 0.13 vs. 1.76 +/- 0.07 ml/min per m2). The RCR also did not vary between low and high infusion rates (0.40 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.40 +/- 0.04 ml/min per m2). The mean RCR for all subjects was 0.40 +/- 0.02 ml/min per m2. There was no difference in RCR between men and women (0.42 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.39 +/- 0.03 ml/min per m2). Six subjects were given 1.0 mg of highly purified hCG by rapid intravenous injection. Initial serum levels of hCG were 300-400 ng/ml, and the subsequent disappearance curve was multiexponential over 8-10 d. The disappearance curve of hCG in each subject was fitted to a biexponential equation. The rapid component t1/2 was 5.97 +/- 0.63 h and the slow component t1/2 was 35.6 +/- 8.0 h. We conclude that the MCR of purified hCG in man is about 2 ml/min per m2 and the RCR is 0.4 ml/min per m2; these parameters are concentration independent and do not differ significantly between healthy young men and women. PMID- 7251860 TI - Evidence for adenosine mediation of atrioventricular block in the ischemic canine myocardium. AB - Adenosine levels in oxygen-deprived myocardium can rise to 10- 100 microM concentrations known to cause atrioventricular (AV) conduction delay and block. We reported that the AV conduction delay and block caused by hypoxia is markedly attenuated by 10 microM aminophylline, and adenosine competitive antagonist. THe purpose of the present study was to investigate adenosine's role in ischemic AV conduction disturbances. Dogs were anesthetized and instrumented for His bundle and surface electrogram recordings. The total AV conduction time was subdivided in to atrial-His bundle (AH) and His bundle-ventricle intervals. The atrioventricular node artery (AVNA) was cannulated for selective injection of drugs in the AV node region. Adenosine (10 to 100 microgram), as a 2-ml bolus injection, rapidly produced a dose-dependent, transient increase in the AH interval; a 1,000-microgram dose caused second degree AV block. The duration of the increase in AH interval was also dose-dependent. Dipyridamole, and inhibitor of nucleoside transport, potentiated the negative dromotropic effects of adenosine, whereas aminophylline attenuated them. In some dogs, after cannulation of the AVNA, first and second degree AV block occurred spontaneously or were induced by rapid atrial pacing. Injection of the aminophylline (5 mg/kg, i.e.) or theophylline (100-1,000 microgram) into the AVNA rapidly reversed the AV blocks. Upon washout of the drugs the AV blocks recurred. We conclude that endogenously released adenosine may account for a major fraction of the AV conduction delay and block associated with impaired blood supply to the AV node, and the theophylline and aminophylline reverse the AV conduction defect by antagonizing the effects of adenosine. PMID- 7251861 TI - Hepatic, gut, and renal substrate flux rates in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. AB - The roles of liver, kidney, and gut in maintaining fuel homeostasis were studied in 28 patients with severe hepatic cirrhosis, 25 of whom had alcohol-induced cirrhosis. Hepatic, portal, and renal blood flow rates were measured and combined with substrate concentration differences across liver, gut, and kidney to calculate the net flux of free fatty acids, ketone bodies, triglycerides, and glucose with selected glucose precursors, including glycerol, lactate, pyruvate, and amino acids. Data from the catheterization studies were related to hepatic histology, glycogen content, and activities of gluconeogenic enzymes and compared with data obtained from control patients. The effects of food deprivation on net flux of fuels across the liver, gut, and kidney were assessed after overnight and after 3d of fasting. Activities of gluconeogenic enzymes were normal, but hepatic glycogen content was diminished in cirrhotic livers, probably as a consequence of extensive hepatic fibrosis. Extrahepatic splanchnic tissues (gut) had only a small influence on total splanchnic flux rates of carbohydrates, lipids and, amino acids. In cirrhotic patients, there was no mean renal glucose contribution to the bloodstream after an overnight or after a 3-d fast. After an overnight fast hepatic glucose production in patients with cirrhosis was diminished as a result of low-rate glycogenolysis. Hepatic gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis were increased. This pattern of hepatic metabolism mimics that seen in "normal" patients after more advanced stages of starvation. After 3 d of starvation, patients with hepatic cirrhosis have hepatic gluconeogenic and ketogenic profiles comparable to those of normal patients undergoing starvation of similar duration. Nevertheless, the total number of caloric equivalents derived from ketone bodies plus glucose corrected for recycled lactate and pyruvate added to the bloodstream by the cirrhotic livers that could be terminally oxidized by peripheral tissues was less than the contributions made by the normal livers, both after and overnight and after a 3-d fast. PMID- 7251863 TI - Extracellular calcium and cholinergic stimulation of isolated canine parietal cells. AB - The role of calcium gating in cholinergic stimulation of the function of parietal cells was studied using cells isolated from canine fundic mucosa by treatment with collagenase and EDTA and enriched by velocity separation in an elutriator rotor. Monitoring the accumulation of [14C[ aminopyrine as an index of parietal cell response, stimulation by carbachol, but not by histamine, was highly dependent upon the concentration of extracellular calcium. Incubation of parietal cells in 0-.1 mM calcium, rather than the usual 1.8 mM concentration, reduced the response to 100 microM carbachol by 92 +/- 2%, whereas histamine stimulation was impaired by 28 +/- 5%. A similar reduction in extracellular calcium suppressed the response to gastrin (100 nM) by 67 +/- 7%. The impairment of cholinergic stimulation found at low extracellular calcium concentrations was rapidly reversed with the readdition of calcium. Lanthanum, which blocks calcium movement across membranes, caused a similar pattern of effects on secretagogue stimulation of aminopyrine accumulation, with 100 microM lanthanum suppressing carbachol stimulation by 83 +/- 2%. This concentration of lanthanum suppressed gastrin stimulation by 40 +/- 7% and histamine stimulation by only 12 +/- 9%. Carbachol, but not histamine nor gastrin, stimulated 45Ca++ uptake. The magnitude of carbachol-stimulated calcium uptake correlated with the parietal cell content of the fractions examined (r = 0.88), and was dose responsive over carbachol concentrations from 1 microM to 1 mM. Atropine (100 nM) caused surmountable inhibition, and these effects of carbachol and atropine on calcium uptake correlated with their effects on oxygen consumption (r = 0.93) and [14C] aminopyrine accumulation (r = 0.90). Cells preloaded with 45Ca++ lost cellular calcium in a time-dependent fashion; however, this rate of egress was not accelerated by treatment with histamine, gastrin, or carbachol, thus failing to implicate mobilization of intracellular calcium as primary mechanism for activation of parietal cell function. These data indicate a close link between stimulation of parietal cell function and enhancement of calcium influx by cholinergic agents. PMID- 7251862 TI - Mechanisms of neutrophil accumulation in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. AB - Neutrophils are a characteristic feature of the alveolitis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). a chronic disorder limited to lung. One mechanism by which neutrophils may be selectively attracted to lung and not other tissues is via the secretion of the neutrophil-specific chemotactic factor by alveolar macrophages. To evaluate the role of alveolar macrophages in modulating the migration of neutrophils to he lung in IPF, alveolar macrophages, obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with IPF, were evaluated for their ability to release a chemotactic factor for neutrophils. Unstimulated alveolar macrophages from normal individuals did not release the factor. In patients with IPF, there was a significant correlation between the proportions of neutrophils in lavage fluid and the release of a chemotactic factor for neutrophils by alveolar macrophages (p less than 0.001). The chemotactic factor released by IPF alveolar macrophages was of low molecular weight (400-600), at least partially lipid in nature, and preferentially attracted neutrophils compared with monocytes. Several lines of evidence suggested that immune complexes in the lung stimulated alveolar macrophages of patients with IPF to release the chemotactic factor. First, immune complexes stimulated normal macrophages to release the factor.Second, there was a significant correlation between the release of the chemotactic factor by IPF alveolar macrophages and the levels of immune complexes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Third, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid containing immune complexes stimulated normal macrophages to release the factor. Fourth, IPF alveolar macrophages that released large amounts of the chemotactic factor had an apparent suppression of their immunoglobulin (Ig)G Fc receptor function, suggesting that immune complexes were bound to their surface. In contrast, the IgG Fc receptor function of IPF alveolar macrophages that released only small amounts of the factor was similar to that of normal macrophages. These studies suggest that neutrophils are attracted to the lung in patients with IPF by a potent chemotactic factor released by alveolar macrophages that have been stimulated, in vivo, via their IgG Fc receptor by immune complexes. PMID- 7251865 TI - Fetal tissue can synthesize a placental hormone. Evidence for chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit synthesis by human fetal kidney. AB - Metabolically active tissues from second trimester human fetuses were examined for their ability to synthesize the placental hormones chorionic gonadotropin and chorionic somatomammotropin. During short-term incubation studies both placenta and fetal kidney were found to synthesize and secrete the beta-subunit of chorionic gonadotropin, whereas its synthesis was not observed in fetal liver, lung or muscle. In addition, chorionic somatomammotropin synthesis and secretion was demonstrated with placental tissue but could not be detected in any of the fetal tissues examined. These observations constitute the first evidence that the genome of a fetal tissue directs the synthesis of what is considered a placental hormone. PMID- 7251864 TI - Role of aortic input impedance in the decreased cardiovascular response to exercise with aging in dogs. AB - The diminished cardiac output response to exercise with advancing age may be attributable to intrinsic inability of the old ventricle to respond appropriately and/or to an additional loading imposed upon the ventricle by the aged vascular system. The steady (resistance) and pulsatile (characteristic impedance) load components together comprise the vascular load faced by the ejecting ventricle. To study the effect of exercise on both vascular components of load, the aortic input impedance was measured in chronically instrumented young and old beagle dogs during graded treadmill exercise before and after beta blockade. Ascending aortic flow was measured by a cuff electromagnetic flow probe, and pressure was measured by a high-fidelity semiconductor transducer. At low levels of exercise the old animals demonstrated a striking 20% increase in characteristic impedance and a 28% decrease in peripheral resistance with no increase in stroke volume. This vascular loading and limitation in stroke volume persisted across the higher exercise levels. In contrast, the young group demonstrated no increase in characteristic impedence, a progressive decrease in peripheral resistance, and a progressive increase in stroke volume across the same exercise levels. These age differences in vascular response and ventricular output were abolished by beta blockade. The groups did not demonstrate a difference in heart rate response, but the young had a greater increase in external left ventricular power than the old across exercise. These data demonstrated a profound difference in the response of young and old vasculature to exercise. At low and intermediate exercise levels the pulsatile vascular load appeared to be a major factor in the limitation of stroke volume in old dogs. At high levels of exercise, the limited exercise response in the old dog may be caused in part by a diminished inotropic responsiveness as well as by the vascular loading. PMID- 7251866 TI - Influence of surgically induced varicocele on testicular blood flow, temperature, and histology in adult rats and dogs. AB - Varicocele had been repeatedly implicated as a cause of infertility in selected men, although neither a causal relationship nor a mechanism has been documented. The purpose of this investigation was to create a varicocele model in animals and to study the subsequent alterations in testicular physiology. Secondary dilatation of the left internal spermatic vein was achieved either by partial ligation of the left renal vein in rats and dogs or by surgical destruction of the valve of the left testicular vein in a second group of dogs. 1 mo after partial ligation in the rats and 3 mo after partial ligation or valve destruction in the dogs, testicular blood flow was measured using Strontium 85 (SR-85) labeled microspheres (15 +/- 1.1 micrometer). Intratesticular temperature was measured with a Bailey needle probe thermometer and biopsies were obtained for histologic sections. Mean testicular blood flow in milliliters per minute per 100 g was significantly greater in the partially ligated rats; right testis control 26 +/- 2, left testis control 24 +/- 2 compared to right testis experimental 35 +/- 3, left testis experimental 35 +/- 4 (p less than 0.02). Dogs undergoing either partial vein ligation or valve destruction showed similar increases in mean testicular blood flow; right testis control 8 +/- 1, left testis control 8 +/- 1 vs. right testis experimental 16 +/- 3, left testis experimental 18 +/- 4 (p less than 0.01). The mean difference between intratesticular and intraperitoneal temperature in control rats was significantly higher (4.02 +/- 0.25 degrees C right testis, 3.77 +/- 0.14 degrees C left testis), than rats who underwent partial vein ligation (right testis 2.14 +/- 0.09 degrees C, left testis 2.34 +/- 0.12 degrees C) (p less than 0.001). Control dogs also had a significantly higher mean difference between intratesticular and rectal temperatures; (right testis control 3.61 +/- 0.42 degrees C, left testis control 3.60 +/- 0.40 degrees C) than the partially ligated or valve destruction dogs (right testis 2.31 +/- 0.17 degrees C, left testis 2.67 +/- 0.32 degrees C) (p less than 0.05). In addition, histologic evaluation revealed abnormalities in spermatogenesis in some of the animals. Thus, venous dilatation secondary to partial vein ligation or testicular vein valve obliteration is followed by large bilateral increases in testicular blood flow in these two species. A consequence of this increased flow is an elevation in bilateral testicular temperature, which it is postulated, leads to impaired spermatogenesis in some of the animals. In selected men varicocele may impair spermatogenesis by a similar physiologic mechanism. PMID- 7251867 TI - Effect of acetylcholine on vascular capacity in the dog. AB - Acetylcholine produces venoconstriction of isolated vein strip preparations. However, the effect of acetylcholine on overall vascular capacity is not known. To investigate this effect and to elucidate the mechanisms involved, 38 anesthetized dogs were placed on total cardiopulmonary bypass, splenectomized, and given intraarterial infusions of acetylcholine. Almost all of the effect on vascular volume was found to be in the splanchnic circulation, because in four eviscerated animals there was no significant change in capacity. In the animals in which the mesenteric arteries were cannulated to provide constant inflow, and the hepatic vein was cannulated to measure splanchnic venus outflow, acetylcholine infusion for 5 and 21 min increased splanchnic vascular capacity in all animals by 107 +/- 28 (SEM)ml (p less than 0.01) and 291 +/- 132 ml (p less than 0.05), respectively. This increase in splanchnic vascular volume was associated with a rapid and sustained increase in transhepatic resistance to portal blood flow for the duration of the infusions (p less than 0.01). In the animals in which the portal vein was vented proximal to the liver, no significant volume change occurred in the splanchnic vasculature with acetylcholine infusion. Increasing hepatic venous pressure to elevate portal venous pressure to the same level as that achieved with acetylcholine resulted in a similar increase in splanchnic vascular volume. Atropine, but not adrenergic blockade, blocked the acetylcholine-induced volume retention, indicating that the effect of acetylcholine was direct. Substantial volume retention was also achieved by stimulation of the distal ends of the sectioned cervical vagi. Thus, acetylcholine administration directly increases transhepatic resistance and is associated with a pooling of volume in the splanchnic vasculature that would, in the intact animal, result in a decrease in venous return to the heart. PMID- 7251869 TI - Unanswered questions about childhood suicidal behavior: perspectives for the practicing physician. AB - This paper presents a review of the current literature and the author's personal experience with suicidal children ages 6 to 12 years. Although completed suicide among children is rare, suicidal threats and attempts are common. Factors contributing to suicidal risk include environmental stress within the family and such intrapsychic factors as depression, hopelessness, worthlessness, and preoccupation with death. Depression and suicidal behavior of parents is a specific factor correlating with high risk for childhood suicidal behavior. Interviewing techniques, assessment and early recognition of high-risk children, efficacy of treatment modalities, methods of educating the community and improving statistical data collection are suggested as a focus for study of the suicidal child. Systematic and sophisticated investigations are needed to improve knowledge, preventive techniques, and intervention methods of childhood suicidal behavior. PMID- 7251870 TI - Pediatrics and the high-risk youth: a team member's perspective. AB - The traditional role of the pediatrician appears to be changing from the practice of preventive medicine for young children to extended care of patients through the college-age. The enlarged scope of pediatric involvement has included a most important role of intervention with a myriad of developmental and behavioral problems. the "high-risks" encountered (and effectively managed) during the newborn period, infancy and early childhood may resurface in the older child as a developmental, cognitive or behavioral disorder. Physicians have a unique opportunity to "quarterback" a specialized service team that contributes to the care of the child with developmental disabilities or behavioral problems. The multidiscipline approach to these complex disorders most often depends upon medical input, interpretation and coordination. The holistic concept of child health care, in its broadest dimensions, is an interdisciplinary challenge. The physician, as a team member, is vital in contributing to the welfare of the "high risk-youth." The potential pediatrician's involvement with development disabilities and behavioral disorders of childhood may be reflected in the potential quality of the child's life. PMID- 7251871 TI - Dyslexia: initial assessment and outcome. AB - The initial multidisciplinary evaluations on 40 dyslexic children were reviewed in an attempt to identify factors which might favor a positive outcome from educational remediation. The children manifested a high incidence of dysarticulation, impaired auditory discrimination and visual motor perceptual delays. All of the subjects exhibited progress at a constant rate (reading quotient) while enrolled in a full-time remedial program for dyslexic children. Factors predictive of significant improvements could not be identified. The hypothesis that brighter dyslexic children improve more in a remedial setting was not supported. Initial mathematics quotients, however, were higher and demonstrated more improvement than initial reading quotients in all groups. Implications for educational policy and pediatric practice are discussed. PMID- 7251868 TI - Comparison of acute alterations in left ventricular relaxation and diastolic chamber stiffness induced by hypoxia and ischemia. Role of myocardial oxygen supply-demand imbalance. AB - To clarify conflicting reports concerning the effects of ischemia on left ventricular chamber stiffness, we compared the effects of hypoxia at constant coronary perfusion with those of global ischemia on left ventricular diastolic chamber stiffness using isolated, perfused rabbit hearts in which the left ventricle was contracting isovolumically. Since chamber volume was held constant, increases in left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) reflected increases in chamber stiffness. At a control coronary flow rate (30 ml/min), 2 min of hypoxia and pacing tachycardia (4.0 Hz) produced major increases in postpacing LVEDP (10+/-1 to 24+/-3 mm Hg, P < 0.01) and the relaxation time constant, T, (40+/-4 to 224+/-37 ms, P < 0.001), while percent lactate extraction ratio became negative (+ 18+/-2 to -48+/-15%, P < 0.001). Coronary perfusion pressure decreased (72+/-5 to 52+/-3 mm Hg, P < 0.01), and since coronary flow was held constant, the fall in coronary perfusion pressure reflected coronary dilation and a decrease in coronary vascular resistance. Following an average of 71+/-6s reoxygenation and initial heart rate (2.0 Hz), LVEDP and relaxation time constant T returned to control. Hypoxia alone (without pacing tachycardia) produced similar although less marked changes (LVEDP, 10+/-1 to 20+/-3 mm Hg; and T, 32+/ 3 to 119+/-22 ms; P < 0.01 for both) and there was a strong correlation between LVEDP and T (r = 0.82, P < 0.001). When a similar degree of coronary vasodilatation was induced with adenosine, no change in LVEDP occurred, indicating that the increase in end diastolic pressure observed during hypoxia was not secondary to vascular engorgement, but due to an acute effect of hypoxia on the diastolic behavior of the ventricular myocardium. In contrast, global ischemia produced by low coronary flow (12-15 ml/min) resulted in a decrease in LVEDP, as well as a marked fall in left ventricular systolic pressure. In 14 global ischemia experiments, pacing tachycardia led to a further decline in left ventricular systolic pressure, and no increase was noted in postpacing LVEDP. Changes in lactate extraction ratio were much smaller in magnitude than with hypoxia and constant coronary perfusion. In two experiments (one at normal coronary flow and one at 15 ml/min), left ventricular systolic pressure did not change markedly from control when tachycardia was superimposed, and postpacing LVEDP showed a marked rise (to > 25 mm Hg), which gradually recovered over 1-2 min at the control heart rate. From these results, we conclude that left ventricular chamber stiffness increases when myocardial O(2) demand exceeds supply. This change is usually masked in ischemic (reduced coronary flow) preparations, perhaps because of reduced turgor of the coronary vascular bed, marked reductions in systolic work (and therefore myocardial O(2) requirements), and local accumulation of hydrogen ion and metabolites following acute severe reduction of coronary flow. The increased chamber stiffness during hypoxia is accompanied by marked slowing of relaxation, with increased diastolic pressure relative to volume persisting throughout diastole. PMID- 7251872 TI - Voiding dysfunction in the child with problem "wetting". AB - Children with problem "wetting" often are suspected of manifesting developmental or behavioral disorders. Thirty-one children who had previously been evaluated and found to have a normal urinalysis, IVP and VCU were reexamined because of persistent voiding dysfunctions. The subjects revealed a physiologic rather than a psychological basis for their urologic disorder. Various aspects of bladder training are discussed. PMID- 7251873 TI - Developmental sequelae of chronic otitis media: a review. PMID- 7251874 TI - Obesity in children and adolescents. AB - The literature regarding etiology and consequences of childhood and juvenile obesity is briefly surveyed with special reference to recent trends in behavioral research. Major emphasis is focused on issues of differential diagnosis, and treatment. The objective is to offer a logical and coherent plan for approaching and managing obesity in childhood and adolescence. The importance of an awareness and understanding of both the patient's and therapist's attitudes toward the problem of obesity is addressed. Furthermore, the necessity for a cooperative approach, utilizing nonmedical professionals, in developing a coordinated treatment plan for obese young people is discussed. PMID- 7251875 TI - The dying child and surviving family members. AB - This overview of death and dying focuses on the dying child and surviving family members. Children's concepts of death at different developmental stages are reviewed. These range from an inability to distinguish death from other forms of separation prior to age 3, through partial concepts of death until, by age 10 to 15 years, children are able to conceptualize death as universal, inevitable and final. The importance of adults assisting in the child's growing comprehension of death is stressed. The stages of grief and mourning, as outlined by Kubler-Ross, are reviewed from the perspective of the child and family: denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. Recognition is given to the variations in coping styles among different family members. The special circumstances related to the death of an infant and the impact of the death of a child on the surviving siblings are discussed. Specific helpful interventions to assist families in coping with mourning are described. The death of a child remains one of the most painful and difficult events for a family and its physician to accept. PMID- 7251878 TI - Symposium: cognition, behavior therapy and cognitivism. PMID- 7251876 TI - Sexual behaviors in retarded children and adolescents. AB - Literature reports on the sexual behaviors of mildly retarded adolescents are reviewed. Retarded adolescents often participate in masturbation and homosexual exploratory behavior. The retarded adolescent's heterosexual interests are of great concern to parents. The retarded adolescent is vulnerable to suggestibility, poor judgment and a failure to foresee the consequences of his actions. Parents are usually acutely distressed by the retarded youth's sexual behaviors, and they may develop an attitude that these behaviors are "bad." There is a need to provide appropriate sex education for retardates and to counsel their families about the management of sexual behaviors which occur during the adolescent years. PMID- 7251877 TI - A pilot study of blood endorphin levels in children using self-hypnosis to control pain. PMID- 7251879 TI - Cognitions: help or hindrance? AB - A major advance in the last decade has been interest in the psychological environment that people generate by their own responses. These responses may be parts of larger social acts and may serve as reinforcing and discriminative stimuli. Problems arise when professionals make abstractions out of manipulatable human acts to cover gaps in theory; and then make these abstractions their clinical target rather than the individual's behavior in response to specific situations. PMID- 7251881 TI - Behavioral training in social work: an update and a program description. AB - The growth of behavior therapy during the past two decades has had a significant impact upon the education and training of professional social workers. Behavioral approaches are now well represented in the practice of clinical social work, and this trend is seen as likely to continue to expand. A description is provided of the behavioral training and research opportunities found at the masters and doctoral level in the School of Social Work at The University of Michigan. PMID- 7251882 TI - The constructional approach to behavioral modification. AB - The constructional approach to behavioral modification, first formally recognized by Goldiamond (1974), is discussed against the background of the approach to which it is an alternative, the eliminative model. While the latter directs practitioners to focus on eliminating problem behavior, the constructional approach attempts to solve problems by building behavioral repertoires. It is pointed out that the constructional approach is not necessarily incompatible with the eliminative approach. Implications of the eliminative-constructional distinction are discussed for the major aspects of behavioral interventions- behavioral analysis, determination of goals, and change procedures. Some research implications of the distinction are considered. Such issues as clients' right to treatment and to refuse punitive procedures make further development of the constructional approach imperative. PMID- 7251880 TI - The dichotomy between classical conditioned and cognitively learned anxiety. AB - This paper describes how fears develop on the basis of one or other of two distinct processes--direct autonomic conditioning or the establishment of new cognitive associations to already existing fears. The dichotomy relates both to the appropriate fears of everyday life and to neurotic fears. In the case of the latter, the appropriate treatment procedure should be dictated by the fear basis that behavior analysis reveals. Failure to carry out such analysis is the reason for much confusion and inconclusiveness in therapeutic outcome studies. A retrospective survey of anxiety cases revealed that one-third of their fears were cognitively based and two-thirds due to autonomic conditioning. A study of a clinical population on the basis of a questionnaire designed to separate between cognitively based and conditioned fears has shown the expected bi-modal distribution. These findings undercut the conditioning versus cognition controversy on the causation of neurotic fears. PMID- 7251883 TI - Behavioral contracting to improve dietary compliance in chronic renal dialysis patients. AB - End stage renal disease is the most severe stage of kidney failure. Hemodialysis or kidney transplants are required to insure patient survival. When dialysis treatment is used, patients experience dietary restrictions and consequently must limit fluid and food intake to compensate for the lack of kidney functioning. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of behavioral procedures in improving compliance to dietary restrictions in chronic fluid overloaders. A contracting procedure between medical staff and the patients, and contingent staff praise for meeting weight standards, led to lower intersession weight gain. Continuous follow-up assessment indicated long term maintenance of treatment effects for these patients. PMID- 7251884 TI - Eliminating somatic complaints in separation anxiety through contingency management. PMID- 7251885 TI - Multifaceted treatment of compulsive hair pulling. PMID- 7251886 TI - A comparison of techniques for the elimination of self-injurious behavior in a mildly retarded woman. AB - The self-injurious behavior of an institutionalized, highly social, highly verbal, midly retarded woman was successfully treated through the use of boxing glove restraints over a 30-week period after unsuccessful, less-intrusive means were attempted. Application of the restrain was conditioned to be an (S-delta), contrasted with an expanding Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible behavior (DRI) during periods of restraint removal. Absence of self-injury was maintained at 18 month follow-up by which time she had been discharged to a community placement. PMID- 7251887 TI - Parental control of nocturnal thumbsucking. AB - This study evaluates two procedures for the elimination of nocturnal thumbsucking in a 10-yr-old boy. The subject's mother recorded the occurrence of thumbsucking four times each night. Reliability checks were done twice a week by another family member. A plastic splint, usually employed to protect a damaged thumb, was placed on the subject's thumb at bedtime. The results showed that when the splint was used, the incidence of thumbsucking decreased from 100% of the checks made during baseline to 0% during intervention. Several naturally occurring and one planned reversal demonstrated the effectiveness of the splint in controlling thumbsucking. PMID- 7251890 TI - A hemalog D analysis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and other lymphoproliferative disorders affecting the blood. AB - A correlative clinical and Hemalog D study of 80 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) was performed and the results compared with those in other lymphoproliferative disorders affecting the blood (eight cases of hairy-cell leukaemia, HCL; three cases of prolymphocytic leukaemia, PLL: two cases of lymphoplasmacytoid proliferation, LPP; and one case of Sezary's syndrome, SS). In CLL the mean percentage and absolute counts of large unstained cells (LUC) were 8.7% and 6.2 x 109/1 (6200/mm3), and the percentage of LUCs was not substantially affected by treatment; there was no correlation between LUCs and Rai clinical stage. SS and LPP were characterised by a similar percentage of LUCs, but both HCL and PLL were distinguished by a higher mean percentage of LUCs. Stage IV CLL was associated with monocytopenia, but other stages of CLL, PLL, LPP, and SS showed no consistent reduction of absolute numbers of non-lymphoid cell types. In contrast, HCL was characterised by a consistent absolute neutropenia and monocytopenia which distinguished its Hemalog D profile from that of PLL. PMID- 7251888 TI - Haematological stress syndrome in atherosclerosis. AB - Forty patients with atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease, as compared to 29 healthy controls, showed a significant increase in platelet number and activity, a neutrophil leucocytosis, and a raised level of several acute-phase reactant proteins (fibrinogen, antithrombin III, factor VIII, and serum globulin). The hyperproteinaemia was associated with increases in plasma-, serum , and blood-viscosity and is the likely cause of the hyperviscosity of vascular disease. These multiple haemostatic abnormalities closely resemble the non specific, haematological stress-syndrome response to acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. In atherosclerosis also they may represent a non specific, secondary response and neither be of aetiological significance nor reflect continuing low-grade intravascular coagulation. PMID- 7251891 TI - Rapidly fatal respiratory failure and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy: possible contributions of immunoblastic leukaemia, chemotherapy, and multiple antibodies directed against mature blood cells. AB - A patient with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, immunoblastic leukaemia, pulmonary immunoblastic infiltration, and multiple antihaemocytic antibodies in his serum deteriorated rapidly after chemotherapy due to severe progressive respiratory of dysfunction. The haematological and immunological changes that accompanied this are described and discussed in the light of the pulmonary changes observed at necropsy of pulmonary oedema, fibrinous thrombi within venules, and immunoblastic infiltration of these thrombi and the venule walls. A pathophysiological mechanism is postulated in an attempt to rationalise these findings, and to act as a guide for the future assessment and management of similar cases. PMID- 7251889 TI - Clinical significance of "circulating fibrin monomers'. AB - During the decade 1970-9 we investigated circulating fibrin monomers in 3293 patients. Fibrinaemia was determined by means of the ethanol gelation test (EGT). This was positive in 149 patients (4.5%) and was highly correlated with fibrogenal fibrin products. In many diseases the test was only transiently positive (1 or 2 days). However in patients with circulating fibrin monomers, demonstrable for more than 5 days (chronic fibrinaemia) malignant disease was associated in 63%. Chronic fibrinaemia occasionally preceded overt malignancy by a long period. Overall, only 10.8% of patients with malignant disease showed chronic fibrinaemia. The clinical symptoms most often associated with chronic fibrinaemia were those of venous thrombosis (42.8%) and abnormal bleeding (10.7%). Thromboembolism in the absence of malignant disease only occasionally showed short-term positive EGT and chronic fibrinaemia was never seen. Almost half (46.5%) of patients with chronic fibrinaemia had neither thromboembolic disease nor a haemorrhagic diathesis. PMID- 7251892 TI - Plasma fibronectin in normal subjects and in various disease states. AB - Plasma fibronectin was determined in 121 normal adults and in 149 patients. Fibronectin levels in normals were strongly influenced by sex and age. The mean value of the protein in cancer patients did not differ from that in normal controls; however, patients with cryofibrinogenaemia or extensive liver metastases had lower values whereas those with obstructive jaundice due to pancreatic carcinoma had higher values than normal controls. Fibronectin levels were greatly increased in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and moderately elevated in nephrotic syndrome. In patients with severe infection or sepsis, plasma fibronectin did not show a consistent pattern. Patients with overt disseminated intravascular coagulation, irrespective of its cause, had the lowest plasma fibronectin concentrations. PMID- 7251893 TI - Histopathology reporting in large bowel cancer. AB - A review of histopathology reports on 2046 patients in the large bowel cancer project showed considerable observer variation in histological grading. Dukes staging, and lymph node harvest. These parameters have a well-established relationship to prognosis, but, if they are to be applied for both clinical and research purposes, they must be assessed consistently. A minimal level of information which should be recorded from a resection specimen is suggested, with a description of the methods by which this information can be obtained. PMID- 7251896 TI - Klebsiella capsular type versus site of isolation. AB - More than 1750 clinical isolates of klebsiella were collected over a period of six years from two different hospitals and capsular typed by the fluorescent antibody technique. A correlation was made between type and site of isolation. Many types were found to be associated more frequently with one site, which suggested a predilection of some capsular types for certain sites of infection. The site may also be a factor contributing to the virulence of a particular type. A greater antibiotic resistance was often noted in types isolated from their predominant sites; however, antibiograms were not consistent for a type from a given site. The combination of site specificity, resistance, and another 'virulence factor' may all be involved in the determination of a pathogenic strain. PMID- 7251895 TI - Faecal toxin and severity of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. AB - The relationship between faecal toxin titre, histological evidence of pseudomembrane in the rectum, and severity of antibiotic-associated colitis has been analysed from data on 62 patients whose faeces contained Clostridium difficile toxin. There was a significant correlation between a toxin titre of 6400 or more and the presence of pseudomembrane (p less than 005). There was no correlation between toxin titre, duration of diarrhoea, total white cell count, temperature, serum albumin or serum orosomucoid concentrations. There was, however, a significant correlation between the presence of rectal pseudomembrane and duration of diarrhoea (p less than 0.005). Exposure to clindamycin or lincomycin was also associated with a significantly higher toxin titre than that seen in patients who were given other antibiotics. The duration of diarrhoea of diarrhoea was not longer and rectal pseudomembrane did not occur more often in the patients who had received clindamycin or lincomycin. PMID- 7251894 TI - Possible role of the anaerobe in tonsillitis. AB - Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from all tonsils removed from children at routine tonsillectomy; 75.6% of specimens yielded moderate to heavy growth and 80% of tonsils contained more than one anaerobic species. This recovery rate fell to 56% after a 10-day course of metronidazole before tonsillectomy--in only 14.6% of cases were anaerobes isolated in significant numbers. Surface swabbing of the tonsils permitted recovery of a similar spectrum of anaerobic bacteria but resulted in an overall loss of both aerobic and anaerobic pathogens. A comparison was made between the flora of acutely inflamed tonsils and "healthy' tonsils: over 90% of both groups yielded anaerobic bacteria, but they were present in significant numbers in 56.2% of swabs taken from acutely inflamed tonsils compared with 24% of swabs from "healthy' children. The isolation rate for anerobic pathogens was 37.5% and 16% respectively. PMID- 7251897 TI - A new approach to low power photomicrography. PMID- 7251898 TI - An aqueous mounting medium. PMID- 7251899 TI - Effect of hyperglycaemia as assessed by glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations on red cell enzyme activities in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7251901 TI - Changes in thrombin-stimulated platelet malondialdehyde production during the menstrual cycle. AB - Forty normal women had thrombin-stimulated platelet malondialdehyde (MDA) production measured during their menstrual cycle. Twenty women in this group were taking the combined oral contraceptive pill (OCP). Platelet MDA production was found to fall by 30% during normal menstruation and the week when the subjects were not taking a combined OCP, but it remained constant throughout the remainder of the cycle. No significant change in initial platelet aggregation response to stimulation by thrombin, change in plasma thrombin clotting time, plasma heparin neutralising activity (HNA), or plasma antithrombin III (AT-III) activity was seen when the platelet MDA production was reduced. The bleeding time results showed some variation throughout the menstrual cycle but these did not appear to be related to the variation in platelet MDA production. PMID- 7251902 TI - Relation between postoperative antithrombin III concentrations and site of operation. AB - Antithrombin III concentrations were measured in 305 patients before and at intervals after operation for up to 12 days. The blood concentrations fell significantly after both major and minor surgery, but there was no relation between the expected degree of surgical trauma or the amount of blood transfused and the fall in concentration of antithrombin III. Some surgical procedures such as cholecystectomy, laparotomy, hernia repair, highly selective vagotomy, and transurethral resection of the prostate were associated with a greater depletion of antithrombin III than were other common operations and it is suggested that there are factors related to the actual site of the operation which affect the concentration of circulating antithrombin III in the postsurgical period. PMID- 7251903 TI - Adriamycin cardiotoxicity: report of an unusual case with features resembling endomyocardial fibrosis. AB - We report on a case of adriamycin cardiotoxicity occurring in a five-year-old boy treated for rhabdomyosarcoma. In addition to the usual features of myofibrillary degeneration associated with adriamycin, extreme endocardial fibrosis and mural thrombosis affecting the apical segments of both ventricles but particularly the left ventricle was seen at necropsy. The changes resembled classical endomyocardial fibrosis. PMID- 7251905 TI - Data handling and reporting for microbiology specimens with a small laboratory computer system. AB - A small laboratory computer system designed for general application in chemistry, haematology, and urinalysis has been adapted for the bacteriology section of the laboratory using the same available programming routines. Specimens are requisitioned according to predetermined common site codes, with both preliminary and final reporting allowed for where desired. Sensitivity data also appended and entered where required, even for different organisms in the same culture. PMID- 7251904 TI - Interstitial nephritis. AB - The clinical and pathological findings are reviewed in ten cases where renal biopsy showed abnormalities predominantly within the interstitium. In six the nephritis was considered to be drug-induced; in two the aetiology was slightly obscure but the most likely diagnosis was considered to be sarcoidosis. Of the remaining two cases one was chronic pyelonephritis and the other polyarteritis nodosa. The diagnosis and pathogenesis of the renal lesions are discussed and attention is drawn to the importance of distinguishing primary interstitial changes from those found in association with glomerular disease. PMID- 7251900 TI - Costs of a clinical chemistry laboratory. AB - The costs of a clinical chemistry laboratory in a district general hospital were studied. The system used has certain advantages over the conventional Cooper Lybrand method. The time taken by technicians to perform tests was more variable than expected and the cost of sample collection was higher than process-cost for many tests. Indirect costs (overheads) were greater than direct costs and there were potential economies of scale. The most time-consuming part of this study was collecting the cost of chemicals and other disposables. PMID- 7251906 TI - Relation between concentrations of metronidazole and Bacteroides spp in faeces of patients with Crohn's disease and healthy individuals. AB - Nine patients wih Crohn's disease and six healthy individuals were given 400 mg metronidazole twice daily and the concentration was measured in plasma and faeces 6 to 8 h after intake. Quantitative and qualitative bacteriological examinations were performed before and during treatment. The concentrations of metronidazole in plasma varied between 5 and 30 mg/l as measured by liquid chromatography (LC) and between 3 and 20 mg/l as measured by a bioassay (BA) method. There was no significant differences between the results of the two methods in patients but compared with BA the LC values were regularly lower in the healthy subjects. Metronidazole was detected in the faeces of most patients. These findings coincided with a significant reduction of Bacteroides spp in their faeces which was not apparent in healthy individuals in whom metronidazole was not detected in the faeces. Higher faecal metronidazole concentrations were found in patients with active disease and a total colon involvement as compared with the patients with a more quiescent disease and involvement of ileum and ascending colon only. PMID- 7251907 TI - Hepatitis and other infections in clinical laboratory staff, 1979. AB - In 1979, British laboratories participating in the American of Clinical Pathologists' survey reported five cases of tuberculosis, four of chickenpox, four of salmonellosis or shigellosis, one malaria, and one hepatitis A infection. Microbiology workers were most affected, but at least six infections were not attributable to work. All cases recovered. PMID- 7251908 TI - Trypsinised human O erythrocytes in the detection of rubella-specific IgM by sera fractionation on sucrose density gradient and absorption with staphylococcal protein A. AB - Detection of rubella virus-specific IgM employing trypsin-treated human group O erythrocytes was evaluated using the method of sera fractionation on sucrose density gradients (SDG) and that of sera absorption with staphylococcal protein A. The former method proved to be highly specific and sensitive in confirming or excluding rubella by demonstration of specific IgM. In contrast, the latter method provided comparable results in only 71.43% of specimens tested by both methods while false-positive or -negative IgM results were obtained in the remaining 28.57% of specimens. In view of these results, therefore, it is recommended that all those specimens found positive for specific IgM by the protein A method must be confirmed by another procedure, possibly that of specific IgM reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol. PMID- 7251910 TI - IgM mesangial deposits in nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7251909 TI - A simple method of concentrating small samples of cerebrospinal fluid for electrophoresis. PMID- 7251911 TI - Ethanol-induced vacuolation in red cells. PMID- 7251912 TI - Post-meningitic hearing loss: report on three cases. AB - Three children with post-meningitic hearing loss were seen for evaluation and aural rehabilitation over a 4-yr period. Fluctations in hearing levels during that time period were noted. The hearing of one child improved, while that of the other two children decreased. Changes in sensitivity were documented and discussed with reference to the habilitation process. The need for frequent monitoring and for otologic intervention in the post-meningitic child is emphasized. PMID- 7251913 TI - Communication functioning in trisomy 9p. AB - The communication patterns of four subjects diagnosed as moderately mentally retarded because of chromosomal abberation Trisomy 9p were investigated. The three children and one adult exhibited expressive language deficits in relation to comprehension and general level of functioning. Generally they used approximations of single words and tended to rely on gestures for expression. Unusual acoustic characteristics of speech were also noted. PMID- 7251915 TI - Fricative duration in esophageal speech. AB - Comparative observations were made of fricative (/s/ and /z/) durations of normal and esophageal speakers. Differences between the average durational characteristics of fricatives spoken by normal and esophageal speakers varied systematically as a function of their voicing features. Findings were interpreted to lend additional support to the following views: (1) laryngeal amputation occasions widespread changes in speech production, (2) esophageal speakers exhibit articulatory behaviors, and (3) esophageal speakers retain fricative durational voicing contrast features. PMID- 7251914 TI - Clinical estimation of fundamental frequency: the 3M Plastiform Magnetic Tape Viewer. PMID- 7251916 TI - A comparison of verbal communicative skills of language impaired and normal speaking children. AB - This investigation compared the speech act usage of language impaired and normal speaking children. Twenty language impaired subjects (LI) in stages III and IV constituted the experimental group. One control group consisted of 20 normal speaking younger children (NSY) equated with the language impaired subjects by MLU. The other control group consisted of 20 older normal speaking children (NSO) equated with the experimental group by chronological age. Two observers independently identified ten speech acts used by the subjects during free play sessions with a peer. The results indicated that the same speech acts were used in similar proportions by all three groups. The NSO used more utterances than the LI and NSY subjects. The NSO used describing and acknowledging speech acts more than the LI or NSY. Answering was used more frequently by the LI than the NSO. Requesting an action was used more frequently by the NSY than the NSO. The results suggest that language impaired subjects are able to use a variety of speech acts but that they appear to be delayed in their pragmatic development. Clinical implications of the data are presented. PMID- 7251917 TI - Ear asymmetry for recall of monaurally presented words. AB - In order to test for ear asymmetry using monaural stimulation, 30 adult listeners were presented a series of ten-word lists and asked to recall words from early (position three) and late (position eight) positions in each list. Significantly better performance was obtained when the word lists were presented to the right ear of the subjects. Words occurring in position eight were recalled more accurately than words that occurred in position three. Ear asymmetry during monaural stimulation appeared to be related, at least in part, to competition between incoming and rehearsed stimuli during central memory processing. PMID- 7251918 TI - A comparison of two tests of speech-sound discrimination. AB - This study was conducted for the purpose of comparing two tests of speech-sound discrimination which are commonly used by speech-language clinicians, the Wepman and Goldman-Fristoe-Woodcock. In particular, it was the purpose of the study to ascertain whether the tests were significantly comparable measures of speech sound discrimination. Both tests were administered to a group of 22 5-yr-old subjects who did not present speech, language, auditory, neurological, learning, or behavioral disorders or obvious dialectal variations. An analysis of the results indicated that the Wepman and Goldman-Fristoe-Woodcock tests were not comparable measures of speech-sound discrimination and that the Goldman-Fristoe Woodcock was a harsher measure of that skill. Implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 7251919 TI - Cognitive deficit and the unity of brain organization: Goldstein's perspective updated. AB - Goldstein's ideas resolve the paradox of functional specialization within an integrated brain. Conceiving the human brain as a differentiated network, we show how some of his generalizations can be operationalized, and we review some experimental tests. The results encourage us to view cerebral symptomatology as often representing not loss but suppression of abilities by lesion-induced bias in brain organization. We discuss remedial methods that might help latent abilities reassume control over behavior. PMID- 7251920 TI - Natural processes in the phonologies of four error-rate groups. AB - Processes involved in the misarticulations of 97 children were used to identify patients associated with error rate. Results indicated that while no processes are unique to subjects with higher error rates, the moderate and high error-rate children either used more processes in unusual ways or overused a few, less differentiated processes. Groups of intercorrelating processes were determined by factor analysis. PMID- 7251921 TI - Spastic dysphonia: a continuum disorder. AB - Recently, two types of spastic dysphonia, adductor and abductor, have been proposed. The literature suggests that patients may be categorized as having one form of the disorder or the other. The present study presents case history and spectrographic data on a patient who evidences vocal characteristics of both disorder types. It is suggested that spastic dysphonia is a disorder involving a harshness-breathiness continuum and is not amenable to strict, binary categorization. PMID- 7251922 TI - Black English responses on selected language tests. AB - Standardized screening and assessment measures for language development do not take into account Black English responses. This study was designed to determine the extent to which normal and language impaired black preschool children respond in Black English and Standard English on selected screening instruments. Developmental differences in the usage of Standard English and Black English were also investigated. The results indicate that black normal and language impaired preschool children are both Standard English and Black English on screening tests. Developmental differences were noted. The results suggest that tests for language development need to be standardized on speakers of Black English and also should include Black English response alternatives. PMID- 7251923 TI - Patterns of language performance in educable mentally retarded children. AB - Forty-one familial educable mentally retarded children were given 12 language tasks measuring comprehension, formulation, and repetition at the semantic, syntactic, and phonologic levels of language. Through the Q technique of factor analysis, six language patterns, derived from positive and negative loadings on three factors, emerged. The six patients of language performance revealed that these mentally retarded children did not perform the same across all language dimensions. Their language performance demonstrated different patterns of strengths and weaknesses among the tasks relative to their overall performance. PMID- 7251924 TI - The cytoarchitecture, cytology, and synaptic organization of the basilar pontine nuclei in the rat. II. Electron microscopic studies. AB - The basilar pontine gray in adult rats was subjected to electron microscopic examination in order to characterize: 1) certain general cytologic features, 2) the principle categories of presynaptic profiles, and 3) the postsynaptic targets of the various categories of presynaptic boutons. General cytologic features included the presence of neuronal somata exhibiting either a smooth contoured nucleus and central nucleolus or an irregularly contoured nucleus with numerous invaginations and an eccentric nucleolus. In addition, dendritic protrusions with variable morphology were apparent as well as a class of dendrites and somata with a curious dense, granular matrix. Four general types of presynaptic profiles were distinguished and were classified as: round vesicle boutons, elongate vesicle, pleomorphic vesicle, and dense core vesicle boutons. The category of round vesicle boutons formed asymmetric synaptic contacts and included three subtypes. One group contained vesicles with diameters of 25-35 nm, a second group contained larger (40-60 nm) round vesicles, and a third group of much larger boutons (2.5 6.8 microns) exhibited the smaller round vesicles. Another general category of presynaptic profile contained distinctly elongated synaptic vesicles, formed symmetrical active sites, and ranged in size from 0.4-1.7 microns. A third category of synaptic end-structures was distinguished by the presence of pleomorphic synaptic vesicles and microtubules and exhibited a distinctive pale or lucent matrix, while the fourth type was characterized by a mixed population of clear and dense core vesicles. Analysis of the distribution of such bouton types over the surface of pontine neurons revealed that: somata and proximal dendrites were contacted by round, elongate, and dense core vesicle boutons; intermediate and distal dendrites received synapses from all categories of boutons including the large endings with smaller round vesicles, while dendritic spines were contacted by round vesicle boutons (large and small), the large boutons, and elongate vesicle boutons. Synapses were also observed to occur between two vesicle-containing profiles. In such situations, pleomorphic vesicle boutons were found to be postsynaptic to either elongate vesicle boutons or small boutons with round vesicles and at the same time were presynaptic to a dendritic profile. PMID- 7251926 TI - A comparison of thalamocortical and other synaptic inputs to dendrites of two non spiny neurons in a single barrel of mouse SmI cortex. AB - A Golgi impregnated, non-spiny multipolar cell whose soma occurred in layer V of the region of mouse SmI cortex containing the posteromedial barrel subfield (PMBSF) (Woolsey and Van der Loos, '70) was gold-toned and deimpregnated (Fairen et al., '77). Two of its dendrites, contained within a single PMBSF barrel, were serial thin-sectioned and then reconstructed in three dimensions. Dendrites of an unimpregnated, non-spiny layer IV bitufted cell, present within the same barrel, were also reconstructed in three dimensions from the series of thin sections. This approach permitted a comparison of the distribution of synapses along dendrites of the two non-spiny neurons. Results showed dendrites of the layer IV bitufted cell formed about twice as many synapses per unit length as those of the multipolar cell. Particularly striking was the contrast between the large number of synapses made by degenerating thalamocortical axon terminals with the dendrites of the bitufted cell and the rarity with which such synapses occur on dendrites of the multipolar cell. Furthermore, the proportion of the total number of synapses made by thalamocortical axons terminals onto dendrites of the bitufted cell was six times greater than the proportion of the thalamocortical synapses onto the multipolar cell dendrites. PMID- 7251925 TI - Evidence suggesting that both the corticopontine and cerebellopontine systems are each composed of two separate neuronal populations: an electron microscopic and horseradish peroxidase study in the rat. PMID- 7251927 TI - Displaced ganglion cells and the accessory optic system of pigeon. AB - The central projection and retinal distribution of displace ganglion cells (DGC's) are described for the pigeon. Discrete, localized injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) complex labeled as many as 4,800 DGC's in the contralateral retina. The greatest densities of DGC's were observed in the more peripheral regions of the middle and inferior temporal regions of the retina, with lowest densities occurring in the inferior nasal, red field, and foveal areas. Large HRP injections of the tectal lobes, which did not include the pretectal, accessory optic (nBOR), hypothalamic, or thalamic visual nuclei, labeled only ganglion cells within the ganglion cells layer. An HRP injection centered within the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, also including portions of the optic tectum and optic tract, labeled only ganglion cells within the ganglion cell layer of the contralateral retina. DGC's thus appear to be the primary, if not exclusive, source of retinal afferents to the nBOR complex in pigeon. The observed retinal distribution of DGC's indicates that the areas of retina with the greatest density of cells in the receptor layer, inner nuclear layer, and ganglion cell layer are relatively devoid of DGC's. Since the nBOR complex projects directly upon the vestibulocerebellum and oculomotor nuclei, DGC's would thus appear to be involved in neural circuits that mediate oculomotor reflexes and visuomotor behavior. PMID- 7251928 TI - An ultrastructural and biochemical analysis of norepinephrine-containing varicosities in the cerebral cortex of the turtle Pseudemys. AB - The fine structure and norepinephrine content of small granular vesicle containing profiles were studied in normal and norepinephrine-depleted cerebral cortex of the turtle, Pseudemys. The cortex was fixed for electron microscopy with the KMnO4 procedure of Koda and Bloom ('77), while the norepinephrine content was assayed wit the radioenzymatic method of Coyle and Henry ('73). Green fluorescent fibers have been described by Parent and Poitras ('74) as located almost exclusively in the outer half of the molecular layer in turtle cortex. Small granular vesicle-containing profiles are found down to 100 microns below the pial surface, but over 50% lie within 20 microns of the surface. Within the outer 100 microns of cortex, the frequency of labeled varicosities is 1.39/1,000 microns2. The average area of the norepinephrine-containing varicosities is 0.61 microns2, and there is a mean of 18.4 vesicles per single section. The average number of large plus small vesicles in an entire varicosity was estimated to be 72. Synaptic membranes are not well-preserved with KMnO4 fixation, but good examples were found of small granular vesicle-containing profiles forming both symmetrical and asymmetrical membrane differentiations. Only a small percentage of the small granular vesicle profiles were associated with a synaptic membrane differentiation in single sections. When norepinephrine-fiber synapses are seen, they usually share a postsynaptic element with another unlabeled vesicle containing profile. Normal turtle cortex contains an average norepinephrine concentration of 1.95 micrograms/gr, which is about eight times higher than in rat cortex. The ratio of norepinephrine to dopamine is about 18 to one, suggesting that dopamine is present predominantly in a precursor pool for norepinephrine. Small granular vesicle-containing profiles were eliminated after treatment with reserpine and 6-hydroxydopamine in concentrations that were shown to reduce norepinephrine concentration by 94% and 86%, respectively. The labeled varicosities were partially depleted by midbrain hemisection and by an inhibitor of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (FLA-63). The norepinephrine-containing varicosities are remarkably coextensive with the distribution of thalamic fibers, both in the total extent of cortex where they are found and in the depth of cortex where they terminate. The results support the idea that there is a close structural and functional association between locus coeruleus and thalamic fibers in cerebral cortex, and the apparent difference in frequency of synapses suggests that each fiber system exerts its influence on cortical cells in a different way. PMID- 7251929 TI - Neurogenesis in the 3-month-old rat visual cortex. AB - Newly formed neurons in the adult mammalian neocortex have been reported by several investigators using light microscopic radioautography, but these reports have not been confirmed by electron microscopy--probably because their rarity precludes any reasonable chance of observing these cells with electron microscopic radioautography. To overcome this problem I have used a recently developed method that allows serial thin sectioning and subsequent electron microscopic examination of plastic-embedded sections previously prepared for light microscopic radioautography. Ninety-day-old rats were injected with 4.3 microCi per gm body weight of [H3] thymidine and allowed to survive for 30 days. In the light radioautographs, labeled cells were found in layer IV of the visual cortex, and analysis of electron micrographs of selected examples of these labeled cells clearly demonstrated their neuronal nature wit synapses along their cell bodies and dendrites. In order to quantify the relative frequency of labeled neurons, the number of labeled cells seen in the light microscopic sections was expressed as a percentage of the total number of neurons found in sections through the entire thickness of the visual cortex; the percentage was 0.011%, or about 1 in 10,000. The results of this study are in agreement with evidence of neurogenesis of granular neurons in the adult rat olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus (Kaplan and Hinds, '77). Thus, it has now been confirmed that relatively small labeled neurons and their synapses are found in at least 3 brain regions (olfactory bulb, dentate gyrus, and visual cortex) in a normal adult rodent. PMID- 7251930 TI - Organization of corticospinal neurons in the monkey. AB - The retrograde axonal transport method has been employed to identify the cell bodies of cortical neurons projecting directly to the spinal cord in the monkey. The investigation has focused on aspects of the laminar, columnar, and somatotopic organization of corticospinal neurons within each of the cytoarchitectural and functional subdivisions of the sensorimotor cortex. The principle findings of these experiments are that: i) cortical regions containing cell bodies of corticospinal neurons are the first motor cortex (area 4), the first somatic sensory cortex (areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2), and part of the immediately adjacent posterior parietal cortex (area 5), the second somatic sensory cortex, the supplementary motor cortex (the medial aspect of area 6), and the medial part of the posterior parietal cortex in a region termed the supplementary sensory area; ii) corticospinal neurons display a somatotopic organization within each of these functional subdivisions of the sensorimotor cortex; iii) all corticospinal neurons arise from layer V of the cortex; and iv) corticospinal neurons within the first motor and first somatic sensory cortex often occur in clusters, perhaps reflecting a columnar organization in the sensorimotor cortex. These findings demonstrate the origins of the corticospinal system to be more extensive than previously recognized and show that a number of common features characterize the organization of corticospinal neurons in all cortical areas. Across cortical subdivisions, however, major differences exist in the extent of spinal segmental representations, in the manner in which corticospinal neurons occur in groups, and in the numerical density and sizes of corticospinal neurons. These aspects of the organization of the corticospinal system presumably reflect specialization of the different cortical areas in spinal cord sensory and motor control. PMID- 7251931 TI - Sources of descending afferents to the inferior olive from the upper brain stem in the cat as revealed by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - The retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was employed in 35 cats to trace the sources of descending afferents to the inferior olivary nucleus. The majority of HRP-labeled cells were located in the ipsilateral mesencephalon, from the rostral pole of the red nucleus to the caudomedial border of the thalamus. Among the heavily labeled nuclear groups were the the parvocellular red nucleus, the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, the nucleus of Darkschewitsch, and the caudomedial extremity of the subparafascicular nucleus. Occasional cells were also labeled in the reticular formation lateral to the interstitial nucleus of Cajal in the caudomedial parafascicular nucleus, in the nucleus of the fields of Forel, and in the central gray. It was not possible to recognize a topographic distribution of the labeled cells corresponding to the localization of the HRP deposits. Elsewhere in the midbrain, there were HRP-labeled cells in the deep layers of the superior colliculus (IV and VI), predominantly on the side contralateral to the injection and in the nucleus of the optic tract, and in the anterior and posterior pretectal nuclei, ipsilaterally. These groups were best labeled after caudally located injections in the olive. Certain areas previously reported to project to the inferior olive were devoid of labeled cells; these included the basal ganglia, the rostral raphe nuclei, and the nucleus of Edinger Westphal. It appears that the mesencephalic nuclei bordering the central gray represent the major source of descending afferents to the olive. PMID- 7251932 TI - An atlas of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites and structures containing acetylcholinesterase in the mouse central nervous system. PMID- 7251933 TI - The development of the oculomotor nuclear complex in the Japanese quail embryo. AB - The development of the oculomotor nuclear complex was studied in the Japanese quail. In hatchlings, this complex was found to consist of four subnuclei: The accessory, the dorsolateral, the dorsomedial, and the ventromedial. An arciform subnucleus or central subnucleus was not found in this species. All subnuclei were made up of homogeneous cell populations. The oculomotor primordia can first be recognized at day 3 of incubation, and a clear subdivision within this primordia is apparent on day 5 (total incubation period = 17 days). At this time the accessory subnucleus can be discerned. By day 6, a horizontally oriented dorsal cell mass, the anlagen of the dorsolateral and dorsomedial subnuclei, is seen, as is a vertically oriented ventral cell mass, the anlagen of the ventromedial subnucleus. The boundaries between the subnuclei are not yet distinct at this age, however. By day 7 of incubation, all four subnuclei can be detected the ventromedial subnuclei, are first seen on day 5, at which time the oculomotor commissure begins to appear. Migratory traffic is extensive during days 6 and 7 of incubation, with wide bands of migrating cells typically seen, spanning the entire dorsal-ventral extent of the oculomotor complex. These cells do not appear to be associated exclusively with the ventromedial subnuclei. In many instances, migratory cells appear to be affiliated with the dorsomedial cell group. By day 10 of incubation, migration has ceased and the oculomotor complex has attained its definitive configuration. These observations are discussed with comparative reference to earlier studies of chick and duck embryos and hatchings. PMID- 7251935 TI - Development alterations in binocular competitive interactions and visual acuity in visually deprived cats. AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of developmental alterations in binocular competitive interactions between the eyes on visual acuity. Comparisons were made between animals which were monocularly deprived (MD) of patterned visual input, binocularly lid-sutured cats (BD), and animals which had the lids of one eye sutured closed and the other eye removed prior to natural eye opening (MDE). Thus, each group differed in the degree of competitive imbalance between the eyes during postnatal development. Threshold visual acuity for high contrast, squarewave gratings was measured in a jumping stand. Mean visual acuities for each group using a single deprived eye were: group MD, 0.65 cycles/deg; group BD, 3.2 cycles/deg; group MED, 3.72 cycles/deg. These results indicated that the greater the competitive disadvantage an eye is placed at during development, the greater the acuity (sensory) deficits. Further, comparisons made between MD and MDE animals indicated that the acuity deficits using effects of deprivation per se. PMID- 7251934 TI - Innervation and structure of extraocular muscles in the monkey in comparison to those of the cat. AB - Motoneurones that innervate the medial rectus, lateral rectus, and accessory lateral rectus muscles in the monkey have been identified and localized by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Medial rectus motoneurones were located within both dorsal and ventral regions of the oculomotor nucleus, with a differential distribution along the rostral-caudal axis of the nucleus. Lateral rectus motoneurones were located predominantly within the abducens nucleus, and were distributed throughout the rostral-caudal extent of the nucleus. Motoneurons that innervate the accessory lateral rectus muscle comprised a group of large cells located approximately 0.5 mm ventral to the rostral portion of the abducens nucleus, corresponding to the ventral abducens nucleus of Tsuchida ('06). The ventral subgroup of abducens motoneurones, which innervate both the lateral rectus and accessory lateral rectus muscles, thus do not occupy a motoneurones innervate the retractor bulbi muscle, to which the accessory lateral rectus muscle presumably is homologous. A few accessory lateral rectus motoneurones also were located within the abducens nucleus, overlapping the distribution of lateral rectus motoneurones. Electron microscope examination of the lateral rectus muscle revealed the presence of three morphological types of singly innervated muscle fibers and two morphological types of multiply innervated muscle fibers that exhibited a differential distribution within the orbital, intermediate, and global regions of the muscle. The accessory lateral rectus muscle resembled the global portion of the lateral rectus muscle in containing two morphological types of singly innervated fibers and one type of multiply innervated fiber. These findings indicate that the central differences in the brainstem locations of motoneurones that innervate the cat retractor bulbi and monkey accessory lateral rectus muscles are correlated with peripheral differences not only in the morphology, but also possibly in the mechanical roles, of the muscles they innervate. The accessory lateral rectus muscle thus appears to have evolved both structurally and functionally toward more of a role in patterned eye movement. Furthermore, with the phylogenetic regression of the retractor bulbi muscle, the various types of eye movement with which this muscle is associated in lower vertebrates may be assumed by the other extraocular muscles in higher mammals, including humans. PMID- 7251937 TI - A Golgi-electron microscopic study of goldfish optic tectum. I. Description of afferents, cell types, and synapses. AB - A study of goldfish optic tectum was performed with conventional electron microscopy and with the Golgi-EM technique described by Fairen et al. ('77). Five types of tectal afferents, three types of interneurons and three types of efferent neurons were investigated. Afferents from the torus longitudinalis, which terminate in the marginal layer, contain round synaptic vesicles with a mean diameter of 43 nm. Optic afferents, which terminate in the superficial gray and plexiform layer, are characterized by pale mitochondria with dilated cristae and round vesicles with a mean diameter of 49 nm. Afferents of unknown origin, terminating in several tectal layers, can be subdivided in three types; one containing round vesicles and two containing pleomorphic vesicles with different degrees of ellipticity. The three types of interneurons studied (type I, III and XIV, of Meek and Schellart, '78) were selected on basis of their high frequency of occurrence. The apical dendrites of type I neurons make many synaptic contacts with the marginal axons. All three types have dendrites in the superficial gray and plexiform layer making contacts with optic nerve terminals. In addition, their dendrites and cell bodies make synaptic contacts with several types of unidentified presynaptic elements. The axon terminals of type I and of type XIV contain round vesicles with a mean diameter of 45 and 46 nm respectively. Three of the four types of efferent neurons present in the goldfish tectum were studied (type VI, XII and XIII). Two of them make contact with optic terminals (type VI and XII) and two make contact with tectal afferents of unknown origin in the central white layer or in the lower part of the central gray layer (type XII and XIII). The axons of all three types become myelinated at some distance from their origin. Their initial unmyelinated parts are covered with a so-called "outer surface coating", have no collaterals and are occasionally (type VI and XII) or frequently (type XIII) postsynaptic to other elements. The archiform axons of type XIII and to a lesser extent also the sherpherds-crook shaped axons of type XII, have a close apposition to looping and narrowing dendrites in the inner plexiform layer. The present results concerning neuronal circuitry of the goldfish optic tectum are summarized in a tentative scheme. PMID- 7251938 TI - A Golgi-electron microscopic study of goldfish optic tectum. II. Quantitative aspects of synaptic organization. AB - The size, density, and number of the synaptic contacts of three types of interneurons (types I, III, and XIV of Meek and Schellart, '78) and three types of efferent neurons (types VI, XII, and XIII) of the goldfish optic tectum were quantified by means of a quantitative stereological study of Golgi-EM serial sections. Furthermore, an estimation was made of the percentage of optic terminals on these six cell types and of the ratio between terminals with pleomorphic and terminals with round vesicles. The mean density of contacts per receptive component (i.e. the cell body and the different parts of the dendritic tree) varies from 0 to 100 per 100/micrometer2 surface, corresponding to 0-8% receptive surface. Each cell type has a characteristic average density as well as a characteristic density distribution along the distinct components. This suggests that the receptive components of the tectal cell types investigated have a predetermined density and that a morphological classification of tectal cells has functional relevance. The mean length of the contact zones in the ultrathin sections varies from 213 to 332 nm for identified postsynaptic elements and from 188 to 293 nm for identified presynaptic elements. The size of the contacts on the distinct receptive components appears to be primarily related to the tectal lamination pattern. Distinct types of axons, however, have characteristic mean sizes of contacts. This might suggest that the size of the contacts, contrary to their density, is primarily determined by the presynaptic elements. The mean number of synaptic contacts calculated per cell type is as follows: type XIV, 200; type III, 450; type VI, 1,400; type I, 2,100; type XII, 4,200; and type XIII, 5,400. Multiplication of these numbers with the number of cells per tectal half shows that the population of type XIV cells has by far the most synaptic contacts, since their low number of synaptic contacts is clearly overruled by their high frequency of occurrence. Optic terminals, identified by their characteristic mitochondria and large round vesicles, appear to contribute to about 10-20% of the contacts on identified post-synaptic elements in layer 5. The ratio between presynaptic elements with pleomorphic vesicles and those with round vesicles shows a slight tendency to increase when the distance to the origin of the axon decreases. It is concluded that a combination of the Golgi-EM technique with quantitative stereological methods appears well suited to the study of the synaptic organization of brain centers, and that combination of quantitative Golgi-EM with neuronal tracing methods (degeneration, HRP, autoradiography) offers good prospects for detailed investigations of neuronal connectivity. PMID- 7251936 TI - Development of the brain stem in the rat. V. Thymidine-radiographic study of the time of origin of neurons in the midbrain tegmentum. AB - Groups of pregnant rats were injected with two successive daily doses of 3H thymidine from gestational day E12 and 13 (E12 j3) until the day before parturition (E21 k2) in order to label in their embryos the proliferating precursors of neurons. At 60 days of age the proportion of neurons generated (no longer labeled) on specific embryonic days was determined quantitatively in 18 regions of the midbrain tegmentum. The neurons of the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei are generated concurrently on days E12 and 13. There was a mirror image cytogenetic gradient in these nuclei and this was interpreted as the dispersal of neurons derived from a common neuroepithelial source to the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Neurons in three other components of the tegmental visual system are produced in rapid succession after the motor nuclei. In the nucleus of Darkschewitsch peak production time was on day E12 and 13, extending to day E15; in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus the time span was the same but with a pronounced between days E13; finally, the neurons of the parabigeminal nucleus were produced between days E13 and E15 with a peak on day E14. The neurons of the periaqueductal gray were generated between days E13 and 17 with a pronounced ventral-to-lateral and lateral-to-dorsal gradient. In the red nucleus the neurons were produced on days E13 and E14 with a caudal-to-rostral gradient: the cells of the magnocellular division preceding slightly but significantly the cells of the parvocellular division. The neurons of the interpeduncular nucleus originated between days E13 and E15; the peak in its ventral portion was on day E13, in its dorsal portion on days E14 and E15. A ventral-to-dorsal gradient was seen also in both the dorsal and the median raphe nuclei in which neuron production occurred between days E13 and E15. The neurons of the pars compacta and pars reticulate of the substantia nigra were both produced between days E13 and E15 with a modified lateral-to-medial gradient. This gradient extended to the ventral tegmental area where neurons of the pars medialis were produced between days E14 and E16. With the exception of the central gray, neuron production was rapid and relatively early in the structures situated ventral to the midbrain tectum. A comparison of the cytogenetic gradients in the raphe nuclei of the lower and upper medulla, the pontine region, and the midbrain suggests that they originate from at least three separate neuroepithelial sources. PMID- 7251939 TI - White-matter dendrites in the upper cervical spinal cord of the adult cat: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - The organization and structure of dendrites penetrating into the white matter of upper cervical spinal segments have been examined by means of Golgi staining techniques, intracellular horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections, and ultrastructural studies. The Golgi studies established that several groups of neurons located in intermediate and ventral laminae of the upper cervical spinal cord have a substantial part of their dendritic tree extending into adjacent ventral and lateral funiculi. Most dendrites in white matter showed irregular varicosities along their length. They were devoid of spines and followed relatively direct paths. In contrast, grey matter dendrites were occasionally observed with spines and complex appendages frequently followed tortuous paths. The size and location of some Golgi stained neurons suggested that white matter dendrites might originate from neck muscle motoneurons. This possibility was confirmed using intracellular HRP injections. These studies also showed that the distribution of white matter dendrites of neck muscle motoneurons depended on the location of the motoneuron soma. White matter dendrites of neck muscle motoneurons located deep in the ventral horn projected into all regions of white matter surrounding the ventral horn. Other neck muscle motoneurons, located in the spinal accessory nucleus, had white matter dendrites largely confined to the lateral funiculus. White matter dendrites of motoneurons in the commissural nucleus were found to project across the ventral commissure into the contralateral spinal cord. Light microscopic studies of semi-thin sections stained with toluidine blue and electron microscopic studies of thin sections revealed that white matter dendrites were confined to special regions of the white matter. These regions resembled the grey matter neuropil and contained dendrites and unmyelinated and small diameter myelinated axons. Axon terminals were also found in white matter. These terminals contained either flattened or spherical vesicles and formed synaptic contacts on white matter dendrites. White matter dendrites, by virtue of their frequency of occurrence, distribution, and type of synaptic contacts may represent a means by which descending or ascending spinal systems can influence spinal neurons without recourse to axon collaterals which terminate in grey matter. PMID- 7251940 TI - Widespread corticostriate projections from temporal cortex of the rhesus monkey. AB - The corticostriate projections of temporal areas TA, TE, TF, TG, 35, and 28 were studied in the rhesus monkey with the use of autoradiography. Widespread projections were observed to rostral as well as caudal parts of the striatum for all areas except area 28. For example, areas TA and TG have sizable projections to the medial or periventricular part of the head of the caudate nucleus, as well as to the medial part of the tail of this structure and the dorsally adjacent putamen. Areas TE and TF also were observed to send strong projections to the head of the caudate nucleus. In addition, they project to the rostral putamen. Both have projections to the tail of the caudate nucleus and caudal putamen. The widespread distribution of temporostriate axons to the rostral striatum suggests strongly that previous silver impregnation studied have not only underestimated the strength of the temporal cortical contribution to the corticostriate system, but also failed to identify the major projection zone of temporostriate axon terminals. For example, while all temporal cortical areas contribute projections to an organized topography in the tail of the caudate nucleus and the ventrocaudal putamen, they were observed consistently to have larger projections to the head of the caudate nucleus and rostral putamen. These results add to a growing body of evidence which demonstrates the existence of widespread nonmotor cortical input to the basal ganglia, and an organization of this input far greater in complexity than that demonstrated by earlier suppressive silver impregnation methods. PMID- 7251941 TI - Locations of androgen-concentrating cells in the brain of Xenopus laevis: autoradiography with 3H-dihydrotestosterone. AB - The distribution of hormone-concentrating cells in the brains of South African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis, was examined autoradiographically after the administration of 3H-dihydrotestosterone. Hormone-accumulating cells were found in cranial nerve nucleus IX-X and adjacent smaller cells, a presumed medullary vestibular nucleus, a presumed sensory nucleus of cranial nerve V, dorsal tegmental area of the medulla, laminar nucleus of the torus semicircularis, ventral thalamus, and anterior pituitary. The pattern of dihydrotestosterone labelled cells differs from previously reported results following testosterone or estradiol administration. Unlike these latter hormones, dihydrotestosterone does not accumulate in anterior preoptic or ventral infundibular nuclei. Both androgens but not estradiol label medullary motor neurons; limbic telencephalic nuclei appear to concentrate only estradiol. Hormone-concentrating brain nuclei in X. laevis have been implicated in neuro-endocrine regulation and the control of male and female reproductive behaviors. PMID- 7251942 TI - Effect of peripheral nerve injury on receptive fields of cells in the cat spinal cord. AB - When the sciatic and saphenous nerves are cut and ligated in adult cats, the immediate effect is the production of a completely anesthetic foot and a region in medial lumbar dorsal horn where almost all cells have lost their natural receptive fields (RFs). Beginning at about 1 week and maturing by 4 weeks, some 40% of cells in the medial dorsal horn gain a novel RF on proximal skin, that is, upper and lower leg, thigh, lower back, or perineum. This new RF is supplied by intact proximal nerves and not by sciatic and saphenous nerve fibers that sprouted in the periphery. During the period of switching of RFs from distal to proximal skin there was no gross atrophy of dorsal horn grey matter and no Fink Heimer stainable degeneration of central arbors and terminals of peripherally axotomized afferents. In intact animals medial dorsal horn cells showed no sign of response to mechanical stimulation of proximal skin. RFs of some of the cells had spontaneous variations in size and sensitivity, but these were not nearly sufficient to explain the large shifts observed after chronic nerve section. Tetanic electrical stimulation of skin or peripheral nerves often caused RFs to shrink, but never to expand. Although natural stimuli of proximal skin would not excite medial dorsal horn cells in intact or acutely deafferented animals, it was found that electrical stimulation of proximal nerves did excite many of these cells, often at short latencies. In the discussion we justify our working hypothesis that the appearance of novel RFs is due to the strengthening or unmasking of normally present but ineffective afferent terminals, rather than to long-distance sprouting of new afferent arbors within the spinal cord. PMID- 7251943 TI - Organization of thalamic afferents to anterior dorsal ventricular ridge in turtles. II. Properties of the rotundo-dorsal map. AB - This study describes some properties of the map of nucleus rotundus onto dorsal area of anterior dorsal ventricular ridge (ADVR) in emydid turtles by correlating results of anterograde and retrograde tracing experiments with observations from Golgi- and myelin-stained brains. An earlier paper (Balaban and Ulinski, '81) demonstrated that this projections is restricted to zone 4 of dorsal area of ADVR. This paper indicates that the rotundal pathway is organized such that longitudinally aligned groups of neurons in nucleus rotundus project to longitudinal regions in zone 4 of dorsal area. The projections field spans the dorso-ventral (or concentric) dimensions of zone 4 at each transverse level. Comparisons of experimental and Golgi preparations suggest that each rotundal neuron projects, via collaterals, to the entire rostrocaudal extent of rotundorecipient zone 4. Individual terminal branches span the dorsoventral dimension of zone 4 and are confined with both sagittal and transverse planes. Lesion experiments suggest that collaterals of a single rotundal axon are also distributed over at least one-third to one-half of the superficial-deep dimension of zone 4. This is also reflected in the observation that neurons from disjoint dorsal, dorsolateral and medial rotundal loci project to overlapping, concentric regions of dorsal area. Both this prominent concentric component of terminal branches and the extensive overlap is projections of neurons at distinct rotundal loci preclude the possibility of a topographic representation of either dorsoventral or mediolateral rotundal axes in zone 4 of dorsal area. PMID- 7251945 TI - Development of the pyramidal tract in the hamster. I. A light microscopic study. AB - The development of the pyramidal tract and other projections from the sensorimotor cortex was studied in the postnatal hamster with both (3H) proline and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as anterograde tracers. In the 1-day-old animal labeled axons extend as far as the pons. Other corticofugal fibers have penetrated into the corpus striatum and the thalamus. By 2 days postnatally, the pyramidal tract has grown to midmedullary levels and there is substantial retrograde (HRP) and anterograde labeling in the thalamus. The pyramidal decussation is formed at 3 days of age and by 4 days the pyramidal tract has descended in the dorsal funiculus as far as midcervical spinal cord. Corticofugal fibers invade the pontine nuclei at 4 days and both the dorsal column nuclei and the superior colliculus at 6 days of age. At 6 days the pyramidal tract can be traced to mid-thoracic levels of the spinal cord, by 8 days the tract reaches lumbar levels, and by 14 days it has completed its caudal growth to the coccygeal spinal cord. Fibers first penetrate the gray matter of a given spinal cord level approximately 2 days after the tract has grown past that level in the dorsal funiculus. Pyramidal fibers continue their lateral growth into the dorsal horn at all levels of the cord throughout the third postnatal week such that by 21 days of age the pyramidal tract appears similar to that of the adult. The projections from sensorimotor cortex to the pontine nuclei, the superior colliculus, and the dorsal column nuclei appear to have a pattern similar to that of the adult soon after the fibers grown into these structures. There is a consistent delay of 2 to 3 days between the arrival of the pyramidal tract axons in the white matter adjacent to target structures and their innervation of a given terminal field. The pyramidal tract grows more quickly through the dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord than it does along the ventral surface of the medulla. Extensive elongation of pyramidal tract axons is achieved long before the growth and differentiation of the sensorimotor cortical neurons from which they originate. Finally, the pyramidal tract appears to grow as a compact bundle and not by the addition of temporally staggered groups of fibers. The relatively protracted period of innervation of the spinal cord by the pyramidal tract coupled with the immaturity of the cortical neurons at birth may be factors contributing to the significant regrowth of pyramidal tract axons severed early in development. PMID- 7251944 TI - Freeze-fracture study of the crayfish stretch receptor. AB - The crayfish slow-adapting stretch receptor was fixed under relaxed or stretched conditions (twice the relaxed length) and then processed for freeze-fracture study. The sensory neuron membrane had evenly distributed intramembrane particles mostly on its P face. The density of these particles was higher in the cell body than in the dendritic tips, which are the terminal portions of the dendrites. The dendritic tips were cylindrical under the relaxed condition and showed deformations with stretch stimuli. When they were fixed under the stretched condition with 1.6% glutaraldehyde in 0.12 M phosphate buffer (the total osmolarity of this fixative is isosmotic with the physiological solution), the dendritic tips showed regional swelling and shrinkage. The intramembrane particle density of the swollen parts decreased and there were particle-free patches of membrane, whereas the particle density of the shrunken parts increased. On the other hand when the receptor was fixed with 1.6% glutaraldehyde in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (the total osmolarity is hyperosmotic but buffer osmolarity is isosmotic), the diameter of the dendritic tips became smaller, and their membrane particle densities were almost the same as that under the relaxed condition. The sheath cells covering the sensory neuron were characterized by their sheet-like profiles, gap junctions, and crater-like protrusions. The receptor muscle membrane had longitudinal foldings, occasional invaginations, peripheral couplings, string-shaped particle aggregates, and band-shaped particle aggregates. PMID- 7251946 TI - Generation of the ocular motor nuclei and their cell types in the rabbit. AB - Autoradiography of 3H-thymidine incorporation was combined with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) transport to distinguish the birthdates of motoneurons and internuclear neurons of the abducens nucleus, and of specific motor pools within the oculomotor nucleus. Motoneurons were identified by their retrograde transport of HRP from the extraocular muscles. In other experiments, internuclear neurons of the abducens nucleus were identified by their retrograde transport of HRP from the oculomotor nucleus. We found that motoneurons and internuclear neurons are generated simultaneously in the abducens nucleus, and suggest that the differentiation of these two neuron types may be controlled by the local environment. The motor pools of the oculomotor nucleus are generated sequentially. This may reflect the mechanism whereby nuclei are constructed. PMID- 7251948 TI - The role of endogenous prostaglandin E in angiotensin-II-induced drinking in rats. AB - Oral administration of indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent which suppresses endogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in plasma, results in an augmentation of total water intake and a shortening of the latency to drink in response to an intravenous infusion of angiotensin II. This same treatment has no effect on water intake stimulated by the intracranial injection of the dipsogen. Plasma PGE2 may act as both a tonic inhibitor of drinking and a satiety indicator in situations in which water intake is stimulated by increases in blood levels of angiotensin II. While peripheral PGE2 levels do not appear to be involved in the control of drinking to increased brain levels of angiotensin II, the role of endogenous central PGE in this phenomenon remains unknown. PMID- 7251947 TI - Organization of thalamic afferents to anterior dorsal ventricular ridge in turtles. I. Projections of thalamic nuclei. AB - Dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) is a thalamorecipient, subcortical telencephalic structure in reptiles and birds. Although there is a fair amount of information about sources of afferents to DVR, little is known about the relationship of projections from individual thalamic nuclei to the organization of the structure. This study examines the relationship between thalamic projections and both areal and zonal divisions of anterior DVR (ADVR; Balaban, '78a) of emydid turtles with orthograde degeneration, autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase techniques. Individual thalamic nuclei contribute either a diffuse or a restricted projection to ADVR. Diffuse projections arise primarily from the dorsomedial anterior nucleus. These fine-caliber axons distribute bilaterally over a wide region of the telencephalon via both medial and lateral thalamotelencephalic pathways. The terminal regions include septum, striatum and the medial bank of cortex caudal to the lamina terminalis. In ADVR, the fibers are distributed sparsely in zones 2-4 of dorsal, medial and ventral areas. Restricted projections to ADVR originate in nucleus rotundus, nucleus reuniens and nucleus caudalis. They ascend ipsilaterally in the lateral thalamotelencephalic pathway (lateral forebrain bundle), and enter ADVR rostral to the anterior commissure. Nucleus rotundus projects to zone 4 of dorsal area, nucleus caudalis projects to zones 2-4 of dorsal division of medial area, and nucleus reuniens projects to zones 2-4 of both the ventral division of medial area and the ventral area. Comparison of these results with thalamotelencephalic projections in mammals suggests that diffuse and restricted thalamic projection systems are a common feature of both groups. Restricted thalamic projections in reptiles, birds and mammals terminating in anatomically distinct regions, also appear to be associated with different sensory modalities. The significance of diffuse systems is not clear. PMID- 7251949 TI - Increased food intake, body weight, and adiposity in rats after regional neurochemical depletion of serotonin. AB - Long-term changes in food and water intake, body weight, and skeletal growth were assessed following bilateral hypothalamic microinfusions of the serotonergic neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). The analysis of ingestive behavior included assessment of photoperiodic effects and responsivity to alterations in dietary composition. The neuroanatomical and neurochemical selectivity of the serotonergic depletion was documented by regional spectrofluorometric analysis for serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. The results indicated that norepinephrine and dopamine were not depleted in the brain areas examined. However, substantial depletion of serotonin occurred in the septum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of the 5,7-DHT (12 microgram) group. During feeding of a high fat diet, the serotonin-depleted group exhibited a long-lasting and stable hyperphagia which led to an increase in body weight. This hyperphagia occurred during both phases of the photoperiod but was disproportionately distributed, occurring to a greater extent in the light phase. Because body weight increased in the absence of increased skeletal growth or intestinal weight, it is concluded that the increased body weight reflected increased adiposity. The serotonin depleted group also exhibited an essential light-phase hyperdipsia, increasing water intake above that which would be accounted for by the light-phase hyperphagia. Because the light-phase hyperdipsia was counterbalanced by a dark phase hypodipsia, there was no change in the 24-hour water intake. The hyperphagia exhibited by the 5,7-DHT (12 microgram) group was associated with both hippocampal and hypothalamic serotonergic depletion. The results of this investigation provide the first clear evidence of an inhibitory role of serotonin in food intake and point to the importance of maximizing both neurochemical and neuroanatomical selectivity in such investigations. PMID- 7251950 TI - Enhancement of effectiveness of learning by testosterone in domestic chicks. AB - In young male domestic chicks, the presentation of a nonaversive colored bead to be pecked (pretraining) interfered with subsequent avoidance training, in which the bead presented tasted unpleasant, when two conditions were fulfilled: (a) Beads used at pretraining and training were of similar appearance, and (b) testosterone was injected either before or a little after pretraining. This effect of the hormone was not a consequence of changes in behavior at training or at test. It appeared to reflect changes during the consolidation of the pretraining memory trace which made it more effective in subsequent competition with training. Beads that are blue in color were unusual in evoking high levels of avoidance in naive chicks and, when used in pretraining in the presence of testosterone, in failing to oppose subsequent training on the blue bead. Such pretraining became effective when paired with avoidance training with a bead of different color, apparently by changing the information stored about pretraining. PMID- 7251952 TI - Ontogeny of amphetamine anorexia in rats: a behavioral analysis. AB - These experiments were conducted to ascertain the effects of amphetamine on the behaviors associated with feeding in weanling and preweanling rats. The first two experiments produced the following results. (a) In 5-day-old pups, amphetamine increased speed of approach to an anesthetized dam but had no effect on other food-related behaviors, such as latency to attach to the nipple, time spent with the mother, duration of suckling, or weight gain. (b) At 15 days of age, amphetamine increased speed of approach to the dam but did not affect time spent in contact with the dam. However, it produced marked weight loss (relative to the weight of controls), slowed or reduced frequency of attachment to the nipple, and decreased time spent nursing. (c) AT 25 days of age, amphetamine disrupted all aspects of the feeding process except initial approach to the dam. Weight gain, time spent in contact with the dam, time spent nursing, and time attached to the nipple were all reduced by the drug. In Experiments 3 and 4, milk was delivered to pups 5, 15, and 25 days of age through tongue cannulas, which allowed ingestion without suckling. Under these circumstances amphetamine produced clear cut weight loss (anorexia) in pups of all three ages. This developmental analysis shows that the feeding process consists of a complex and changing sequence of behavioral events which ae differentially affected by amphetamine at each age studied. Early in development the anorectic effects of amphetamine are overridden by the strong suckling response which is not disrupted by the drug. PMID- 7251951 TI - Effects of neonatal thyroxine, genotype, and noise on the ear and audiogenic seizures. AB - Seyfried, Glasser, and Yu recently reported that the DBA/2J mouse genotype, which is innately susceptible to audiogenic seizures, has high neonatal levels of thyroxine (T4) and that neonatal injections of T4 induce susceptibility in the C57BL/6J mouse. In the C57BL/6J mouse, neonatal T4 injections produced a temporary peripheral auditory dysfunction which appeared to be conductive in nature. A cochlear dysfunction was also seen in the DBA/2J mouse and in the acoustically primed C57BL/6J mouse. Since a peripheral auditory threshold elevation in these latter groups of mice appears to be causally related to their susceptibility to audiogenic seizures, it is likely that at least a portion of the susceptibility that Seyfried et al. reported was due to the effects of T4 on the ear. PMID- 7251953 TI - Deficits in habituation of cardiac arousal responses incurred by telencephalic ablation in goldfish, Carassius auratus, and their relation to other telencephalic functions. AB - The effects of telencephalic ablation on the habituation of cardiac arousal responses in goldfish was studied. The ablation was performed either by ligating the telencephalon of habituated fish between stimulus presentations or by aspiration prior to habituation. The former technique caused dishabituation; the latter, a slower rate of habituation than that of sham-operated controls. The habituation deficit incurred by surgical ablation was found to decline with time, being small after 2 wk. The results are discussed in relation to other telencephalic involvements in behavior and to the plasticity of other parts of the brain which enables them to assume telencephalic functions. PMID- 7251954 TI - Decortication of rats in infancy or adulthood produced comparable functional losses on learned and species-typical behaviors. AB - Rats with complete ablation of the neocortex at 1--8 days of age were compared behaviorally with rats with similar excisions at 120 days of age. Decortication at both ages produced (a) chronic deficits in feeding behaviors indicated by chronic reduction in body weight, chronic deficits in pattern of food ingestion, and abolition of food-hoarding behavior; (b) increased general activity as measured in running wheels; (c) several chronic abnormalities in grooming behavior; (d) chronic abnormalities in paddling during swimming; (e) abolition of male sexual behavior; (f) elimination of defensive burying of a shock prod; and (g) severe impairments in the acquisition of a spatial reversal task. In sum, complete removal of the neocortex in infancy does not allow convincing sparing of function, a result demonstrating that subcortical structures are unable to take over functions of the neocortex. Thus, sparing of function reported following subtotal decortication requires neocortical circuitry, either alone or in combination with subcortical structures. PMID- 7251955 TI - Early postnatal x-irradiation of the hippocampus and discrimination learning in adult rats. AB - Rats with X-irradiation-produced degranulation of the hippocampal dentate gyrus were trained in the acquisition and reversal of simultaneous visual and tactile discriminations in a T-maze. These experiments employed the same treatment, apparatus, and procedure but varied in task difficulty. In the brightness and roughness discriminations, the irradiated rats were not handicapped in acquiring or reversing discriminations of low or low-moderate task difficulty. However, these rats were handicapped in acquiring and reversing discriminations of moderate and high task difficulty. In a Black/White discrimination, in which the stimuli were restricted to the goal-arm walls, the irradiated rats were handicapped in the acquisition (low task difficulty) and reversal (moderate task difficulty) phases of the task. These results suggest that the irradiated rats were not handicapped when the noticeability of the stimuli was high, irrespective of modality used, but were handicapped when the noticeability of the stimuli was low. In addition, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that rats with hippocampal damage are inattentive due to hyperactivity. PMID- 7251956 TI - Basic skin care and cosmesis for the chronically ill, the mentally disturbed, and the aged infirm. A services of the British Red Cross Society. PMID- 7251958 TI - Predicting hair growth for hair transplantations. AB - Even with proper surgical technique and no complications, some individuals do not seem to grow transplanted hair as well as others. In order to see if it is possible to identify such individuals prior to surgery and the reasons for their peculiarity, 130 consecutively new patients were stated for study and 100 were eventually available for study with special reference to twelve likely factors. Of the twelve, five, namely, looseness of scalp, thickness of scalp, density of transplanted hair, quality of grafts, and scarring, were found to have predictive value in foretelling eventual quantity of hair growth. PMID- 7251957 TI - Hemostasis in cutaneous surgery. PMID- 7251959 TI - An effective method of inducing analgesia and anesthesia for dermatoplastic surgery in an office. AB - Butorphanol tartrate (Stadol [Bristol]) and diazepam (Valium [Roche]) given intravenously in combination, in proper doses, and properly monitored are effective and safe to induce analgesia and calmness preliminary to extensive infiltration of local anesthetics that are otherwise painful and distressin. They are particularly good for moderately long and prolonged dermatoplastic procedures, and all the better because their analgesic and calmative effects last well into the postoperative period. PMID- 7251960 TI - An effective method of treating long-enduring wounds and ulcers by topical applications of solutions of nutrients. AB - A safe and effective method of improving repair and controlling infection of wounds is presented. It consists of debridement daily and application topically of a balanced solution of salts, amino acids, a high-molecular weight, D-glucose polysaccharide, and ascorbic acid. Wounds of several causes were treated, namely, second- and third-degree thermal burns, decubitus, varicose, and stasis ulcers, and diabetic lesions. Local infection was controlled early and the majority of the cases responded with quick formation of highly vascular, smooth, infection free granulation tissue and centripetal epithelial growth. Small- and medium sized lesions healed spontaneously in 4 to 8 weeks. Larger lesions were readily managed with autografts of skin as soon as satisfactory beds were obtained. PMID- 7251961 TI - Ablation of a large basal-cell carcinoma on the face in an usual way. PMID- 7251963 TI - Extirpation of subungual and periungual warts by blunt dissection. PMID- 7251964 TI - The many faces of metastases to the skin from cutaneous malignant melanomas. PMID- 7251962 TI - Tumor conference #36. A congenital pigmented nevus associated with leukoderma. PMID- 7251966 TI - Basal-cell carcinomas on the scalp of a black patient many years after epilation by x rays. AB - The development of skin cancers in areas treated with X rays for benign dermatoses has not been common. Moreover, basal-cell carcinomas in blacks are exceedingly rare. We report successive development of two basal-cell carcinomas in the hair-covered scalp of a black man three decades after he had undergone epilation of the scalp by X rays of tinea capitis while a youth. PMID- 7251965 TI - Large, aggressive basal-cell carcinomas of the scalp. AB - Large, aggressive basal-cell carcinomas of the scalp in young adults are widely and deeply invasive, and may be fatal for those reasons or because of metastatic spread. Five cases are presented that were treated by microscopically controlled excision (Mohs' fresh-tissue technique) after other methods of management had failed. The salient features of these cases and 17 similar cases from the literature and compared with those of basal-cell carcinomas in general. PMID- 7251967 TI - Basal-cell carcinoma on and around the female genitalia. AB - Three cases of basal-cell carcinoma on and around the female genitalia are described. Two of these cases had multiple skin tumors on sun-exposed as well as on covered areas of the body. It is postulated that the biologic age of basal cells may be a factor in the genesis of skin cancer. PMID- 7251968 TI - A short review of some methods of excisions from and reconstructions of lower lips. AB - Various methods of excising lesions from the lower lip are discussed and schematically illustrated. Advantages and disadvantages are pointed out and individualization of operations is advised. PMID- 7251969 TI - Management of a case of chronic radiodermatitis on the forehead. AB - An area of radiodermatitis was excised from the forehead area, repaired with an advancement-rotation flap, and followed by elevation of the ipsilateral brow to restore symmetry. PMID- 7251970 TI - [Ordram transformation by microorganisms]. PMID- 7251971 TI - [Permeability of histohematologic barriers for serum proteins in the guinea pig]. PMID- 7251972 TI - [Method of modeling the hemodynamic effects of weightlessness and the modification of the Chibis protective vacuum suit for its application]. PMID- 7251973 TI - [Local changes in DNA structure as affected by N-nitroso-N-methylurea]. PMID- 7251974 TI - [Antibiotic properties of the algal genus Cladophora (Chlorophyceae)]. PMID- 7251975 TI - Bioavailability: a factor in protein quality. PMID- 7251976 TI - Whole body protein and amino acid metabolism: relation to protein quality evaluation in human nutrition. PMID- 7251978 TI - Digestion of larch arabinogalactan by a strain of human colonic Bacteroides growing in continuous culture. PMID- 7251977 TI - Effects of autohydrolyzed lignin and lactulose on gallbladder bile composition in hamsters. PMID- 7251979 TI - Characterization of astaxanthin pigments from heat-processed crawfish waste. PMID- 7251980 TI - Amino acids, sugars, and inorganic elements in the sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus). PMID- 7251981 TI - Comparative study of whole seed protein and starch content via cross polarization magic angle spinning carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 7251982 TI - Isolation and characterization of the major protein fraction of sunflower seeds. PMID- 7251983 TI - Effect of detoxification treatments on the proteins of guar meal. PMID- 7251984 TI - Polyphosphate binding interactions with bovine serum albumin in protein polyphosphate precipitates. PMID- 7251985 TI - Binding of methylmercury to ovalbumin as methylmercuric cysteine. PMID- 7251986 TI - Radioinduced products in maize starch: glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone, and 2 hydroxymalonaldehyde. PMID- 7251987 TI - Development of a radioimmunoassay for parathion. PMID- 7251989 TI - Metabolism of phenyl carbon-14-labeled O-ethyl Q-(4-nitrophenyl) phenylphosphonothioate in the rat and in hens at toxic and subtoxic dose levels. PMID- 7251990 TI - Fate of benomyl and its degradation compound methyl 2-benzimidazolecarbamate on apple foliage. PMID- 7251992 TI - Biokinetics and metabolism of N-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-3,4,5,6 tetrachlorophthalamic acid in rats. PMID- 7251988 TI - N-Sulfinylated derivatives of methylcarbamate esters. PMID- 7251991 TI - Effects of dietary hexachlorobenzene on in vivo biotransformation, residue deposition, and elimination of certain xenobiotics by rats. PMID- 7251993 TI - Transport and fate of organophosphate insecticides in a laboratory model ecosystem. PMID- 7251994 TI - Determination of sulfamethazine in swine tissues by quantitative thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 7251995 TI - Residues of isobornyl thiocyanoacetate (thanite) and a metabolite in fish and treated ponds. PMID- 7251996 TI - Chemical preservation of protein in industrial whole animal blood. PMID- 7251997 TI - Dehydrochlorination of some organochlorine pesticides in freeze-dried egg and egg fat during storage. PMID- 7251999 TI - Airway responsiveness to histamine as a test for overall severity of asthma in children. AB - Seventy-eight children who had a history of asthma were studied while they were symptom-free. There was a highly significant correlation between the dose of aerosolized histamine that produced a decrease in FEV1 of 20% and each of the features in the history that indicated severity of asthma. The correlation was strengthened by the combination of these features into a weighted asthma history score. None of the subjects with mildly increased bronchial reactivity had a history score of severe asthma, and none with markedly increased bronchial reactivity had mild asthma. There was also a highly significant correlation between histamine dose and the results of spirometric tests for airway obstruction. However, the correlation between asthma history score and provocative histamine dose was highly significant even in the 21 subjects who were apparently free of airway obstruction at the time of testing. Furthermore, the correlation between asthma history score and histamine dose was stronger than that between asthma score and any spirometric test, indicating that the histamine test more accurately assessed the overall severity of the asthma. Measurement of bronchial responsiveness to histamine is a useful adjunct to history in determining the severity of asthma in an individual and should be considered as an objective way of grading subjects according to severity of asthma in a clinical study. PMID- 7251998 TI - Distribution of IgE in a community population sample: correlations with age, sex, and allergen skin test reactivity. AB - The distribution of total serum IgE determined by the paper radioimmunosorbent test (PRIST) is examined in a large random stratified community population. Prior to logarithmic conversion the distribution of this immunoglobulin is not normal, with almost 40% of values below 20 IU/ml. A normal distribution occurs following such conversion, with a geometric mean value of 32.1 IU/ml. Both age and sex, in addition to atopic status, relate to IgE level. In both sexes highest levels occur among 6- to 14-year-olds, and males have higher levels than females at any given age. Women over age 75 yr have the lowest levels (geometric mean 9.2 IU/ml). Subjects with positive skin test results have several times the concentration of IgE as their nonatopic counterparts. PMID- 7252000 TI - Occupational asthma secondary to inhalation of garlic dust. AB - An atopic patient in whom the inhalation of occupationally encountered garlic dust precipitated asthma is reported. Studies revealed the presence of immediate skin-test reactivity to garlic extract, and specific IgE anti-garlic antibodies were detected in the patient's serum by the polystyrene tube solid phase radioimmunoassay (PTRIA) technique. Bronchial challenge with garlic dust also resulted in an immediate asthmatic response typical for an IgE-induced mechanism. PMID- 7252001 TI - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in corticosteroid-dependent asthmatics. AB - Forty-two corticosteroid-dependent asthmatics were studied to determine whether their underlying disease might be allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). The clinical and laboratory characteristics studied included age, sex, atopic status, mean corticosteroid doses, skin tests to Aspergillus fumigatus (Af), precipitins to Af, total serum IgE, and chest roentgenograms. Twelve patients had four or more of the seven primary criteria used and were considered as the ABPA suspect group. Further studies identified three patients who were considered to have definite ABPA and an additional three patients with probable ABPA. This study suggests that previously undiagnosed ABPA can be detected in populations of corticosteroid dependent asthmatics. Corticosteroid therapy may mask ABPA, and serial evaluations of these patients may be of value in detecting additional cases of the disease. PMID- 7252003 TI - Toward an understanding of attitude assessment in nutrition research. PMID- 7252004 TI - Nutritional consequences of carcinogenesis and radiation therapy. PMID- 7252002 TI - Changes in dietary patterns: one approach to meeting standards. PMID- 7252007 TI - Sensory and microbiological qualities of beef loaf in four commissary food service treatments. AB - Beef loaf prepared according to four treatment options occurring in commissary food service was evaluated for microbiological and sensory quality. General acceptability was scored significantly (p of less than 0.01) higher for beef loaf portions held hot for 1 hour than for those held 2 hours, or those chilled 24 hours and heated in a convection oven. No significant (p of less than 0.01) differences for any quality characteristic scored were found between a loaf held hot for 1 hour and that chilled for 24 hours, heated, and then held hot for 1 hour. Appearance of beef loaves held hot for 1 hour was significantly (p of less than 0.05) better than that of loaves heated in the convection oven but was not significantly better than that of loaves given any of the other treatments. Microbiological analyses revealed the presence of relatively small numbers of microorganisms and no significant differences among treatments. The lowest total plate count was found in loaves baked, chilled for 24 hours, heated in a gas deck oven, and then held in insulated plastic trays for 1 hour. The highest counts were for loaves which were baked, placed immediately in insulated plastic trays, and held for 1 hour. Increases in total microbial counts and clostridial counts were observed as meat was held chilled for 24 hours. But no increases were observed when meat was held for 2 hours in insulated plastic trays. Although these microbiological findings were not significant, data may have important implications for an actual operation, where conditions are not so carefully controlled. PMID- 7252006 TI - Intakes of vitamins and minerals by pregnant women with selected clinical symptoms. AB - Toxemia in pregnancy is characterized by a combination of at least two of the following clinical symptoms: hypertension, edema, and proteinuria. In this study the dietary intakes of young pregnant women attending a Maternal and Infant Care Program at Tuskegee Institute were evaluated for selected vitamins and minerals. Women with toxemia were identified, and women without toxemia served as controls. The toxemia group generally consumed lesser amounts of vitamins and minerals than the controls. However, both groups were deficient (less than two-thirds RDA) in calcium, magnesium, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and thiamin. Milk, meat, and grains supplied an appreciable proportion of each vitamin except vitamin A, which was found primarily in the two vegetable groups. Meat and grains contained the greatest quantities of minerals, but milk provided a relatively good proportion of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Anemia was not related to the incidence of toxemia. Women exhibiting anemia consumed smaller amounts of vitamins studied than did women without anemia. PMID- 7252005 TI - Nutrition in cancer: physicians' knowledge, opinions, and educational needs. PMID- 7252008 TI - Trace minerals, amino acids, and plasma proteins in adult men fed wheat diets. AB - In summary, the ingestion by adult men of an all-plant diet supplying 46 gm. protein per day, primarily as bread made from white wheat four, over a period of 74 days, resulted in positive balances for copper, iron, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc. Iron balances were significantly decreased by the isonitrogenous substitution of pinto beans or peanut butter for 20 percent of the nitrogen supplied by white bread. When pinto beans or white rice substituted for 20 percent of the nitrogen of white bread, the retention of molybdenum was lower and the retention of selenium was greater. Although the men were nitrogen balance and total plasma protein concentrations were normal, the ingestion of diets providing 46 gm. protein, from all-plant sources resulted in significantly lower plasma albumin, with corresponding elevations in alpha, beta and gamma globulins. However, the substitution of pinto beans for a portion of the white bread improved plasma albumin and alpha-globulin levels. Routine clinical data obtained on patients who previously consumed strictly vegetarian diets should include determinations of plasma albumin. The ability of the subjects to maintain nitrogen balance on protein intakes of 46 gm. per day from all-plant sources appeared to be correlated with decreases in the urinary excretion and plasma concentration of alpha-aminobutyric acid, a metabolite of methionine and threonine, suggesting conservation of methionine or re-utilization of this metabolite. The possible mechanism of this adaptation to minimal protein intake, or dietary protein from all-plant sources, is discussed. PMID- 7252009 TI - Teaching nutritional assessment to nursing students. AB - A data collection tool was developed to teach nursing students basic principles of nutritional assessment. The tool was used to help nurses coordinate and interpret data they routinely collected so they would be more aware of real and potential nutritional problems. Emphasis was on those aspects of nutritional care relevant to the nurse's advocates in communicating these concerns to the dietitian. Observation and early referral of potential diet-related problems enables the dietitian to more effectively provide for nutritional care. PMID- 7252011 TI - Self-inflicted weight loss and subsequent refeeding. PMID- 7252010 TI - Nutritional assessment of the spinal cord injured patient. PMID- 7252014 TI - Distortion in self-reported height and weight data. AB - The validity of self-reported height and weight data was examined in a large population of adult men and women. On the average, women reported weights lower than actual, with the amount of discrepancy increasing as weight increased. At low weights, men on the average reported weighing more than their actual weights while at higher weights they reported weighing less. Women tended to report heights which were slightly less than their actual heights, with the discrepancy increasing with increasing height. Men tended to report heights which were more than their actual heights; this tendency decreased with increasing height. PMID- 7252013 TI - Mother-infant feeding interaction and weight gain in the first month of life. AB - This study tests the hypothesis that maternal and infant behaviors during a feed at one month of life co-varies with the infant's weight gain in the 30 days since birth. Thirty mothers-infant pairs were observed via videotape. Each of the tapes was analyzed, with a behavioral coding system adapted for this purpose. A stepwise regression statistical model showed that a statistically significant portion of the weight gain variance was explained by nutritionally functional and social communication behaviors in the mother and social communication behaviors in the infant. These data suggest that a lack of synchrony between the caretaker and the infant during feeding may imperil the infant's growth process. PMID- 7252012 TI - Consistency of nutrient consumption patterns in the United States. AB - With data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's nutrient densities of diets of 7,810 individuals more than 4 years old were evaluated by use of the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) and standard dietary allowances per 1,000 kcal. With the exception of vitamins A and C, the nutritional quality of food consumed by various sex-age groups was remarkably consistent, despite wide variations in total calories consumed. The average concentrations of calcium, iron, magnesium, and vitamin B6 were not sufficient to meet recommended allowances. The reasonableness of recommended standards and the utility of the nutrient density concept for improving food habits of the population are discussed in view of these new data. PMID- 7252017 TI - Coordination of Older Americans Act programs. PMID- 7252016 TI - Using patient simulators to teach clinical interviewing skills. AB - Patient simulators were used in an interdisciplinary nutrition course to teach interviewing skills and demonstrate the interaction of medical, psychosocial, and economic factors in a team approach to nutritional care. Simulated interviews were videotaped and followed immediately by constructive feedback. Subsequent class discussion focused on the identification of patients' needs and the respective roles and contributions of members of an interdisciplinary team. Analysis of student evaluations indicated that they perceived the experience as an effective teaching/learning technique. Patient simulation can be sued to teach and evaluate students' interviewing and counseling skills. Further experimentation and research on its application to dietetic education are needed. PMID- 7252015 TI - Analysis of dietary data; an interactive computer method for storage and retrieval. AB - The authors briefly review some problems encountered in collecting and interpreting dietary data and in analyzing them by hand and by computer methods. The use of computers, meant to speed processing, has often delayed processing or merely replaced computation time with coding time. The authors describe a simplified nutrient data base and an interactive retrieval method, Quick Input of Food, which has been developed for direct use by nutritionists with their clients. PMID- 7252021 TI - Sources of kilocalories and macronutrients in the infant diet. AB - Sources of kilocalories in the diet of 270 infants from birth to 1 year were examined. Introduction of beikost was rapid: 27 percent of kilocalories in the diet of 2-month-old infants was provided by foods other than milk or formula. Table foods contributed very little to caloric intakes of children less than 5 months of age. Commercially prepared baby foods were the predominant form of beikost given, except to infants in the 9 to 12 months age group. Use of junior foods steadily increased during the first year; by the age of 9 to 12 months, half of the kilocalories from strained and junior foods were provided by junior foods. Proximate composition of the diet was also examined. With increasing age, contributions of protein and carbohydrate to infants' caloric intake were larger and the contribution of fat was lower. Although average percentages of kilocalories from protein, fat, and carbohydrate fell within specified guidelines, proximate composition of the diet of various groups of infants did not conform to these guidelines. These groups included (a) breast-fed infants given beikost, (b) a subgroup of the children fed cow's milk, (c) infants fed skim milk, and (d) children who received a high percentage of kilocalories from beikost. PMID- 7252018 TI - Home consultation for the terminally ill. PMID- 7252022 TI - Dietary treatment of hyperornithinemia in gyrate atrophy. PMID- 7252020 TI - Starvation with hypernatremic dehydration in two breast-fed infants. AB - Unrecognized breast feeding malnutrition may rapidly lead to life-threatening or neurologically devastating consequences. With the increased interest in lactation, it is important that physicians, dietitians, and nurses provide counseling to parents regarding the benefits and difficulties of breast feeding. Appropriate education, assessment of the infant's vigor and maternal milk supply prior to release from the hospital, and close follow-up evaluation are all necessary to help a mother feed successfully, to detect a developing problem, and to avert a potentially serious condition in the baby. PMID- 7252019 TI - Dietary assessment of pregnant women in a supplemental food program. AB - A sample of the WIC population in Illinois during FY 1978 was surveyed by using a 24-hour dietary recall system developed at a midwestern university. The reported dietary intakes of pregnant women who were visiting a WIC clinic for the first time were compared with those of women who had already been using WIC supplemental foods for at least six months. Reported dietary intakes were analyzed for nutrient consumption in terms of RDA, nutrient density of the diets, and frequency of use of specific WIC-approved foods. This study demonstrated that those pregnant women participating in the WIC supplemental food program had significantly higher intakes of nutrients and energy than those not participating in the WIC program. When kilocalories were controlled for, there was no significant difference in the nutrient composition of the diets reported by the two groups. The reported diets did not become more nutrient dense with receipt of the WIC food package, although the WIC participants did use more of the WIC approved foods. PMID- 7252025 TI - Dietetic education in Great Britain. PMID- 7252023 TI - Role differentiation of dietitians and dietetic technicians. PMID- 7252024 TI - Characteristics of a cream of cheese with bacon frozen soup concentrate. AB - The starch granules of both Purity W, a modified waxy cornstarch, and wheat flour were affected by processing, refrigeration, freezing, and reheating. The major change in starch granules shown by scanning electron micrographs was the trend towards greater deformation of the starch granule and, apparently, subsequent greater homogeneity of the mixture. Sensory evaluation revealed a statistically significant difference (p of less than 0.05) only in overall acceptability of the fresh vs. the frozen soup. The other quality characteristics of texture acceptability, consistency, and syneresis were not statistically (p of less than 0.05) different. PMID- 7252026 TI - The community dietitian in Great Britain. PMID- 7252027 TI - The cultural appropriateness of the WIC Program in Cherokee, North Carolina. AB - The data presented in this article illustrate the WIC program's ability to function within the Cherokee Indian culture. The respondents reported that WIC foods are accepted and widely distributed in the Cherokee WIC participant households. In addition, they stated that infant and child feeding practices are affected by the information they receive from advice givers. These factors in combination with the Cherokees' positive attitude toward the WIC program make for effective implementation of the national WIC nutrition goal: to maximize the WIC food package's effect on nutritional status considering all ethnic, cultural, and geographic preferences. PMID- 7252028 TI - Comparison of graduates of a traditional program and of a coordinated undergraduate program. PMID- 7252029 TI - New standards procedures for measuring visual acuity. AB - Portions of the Committee on Vision Working Group 39 report relevant to optometry practice are reproduced here along with supplementary comments. The report presents standards for test conditions, procedures, and criteria that will enable different examiners to obtain the same results when measuring visual acuity. The Landolt C ring is recommended as the primary standard optotype; other optotypes may be used if they are shown to yield comparable results. Adoption of metric measurements is suggested for both distance and near acuity. PMID- 7252031 TI - Gates v. Jensen: another precedent for glaucoma testing. PMID- 7252030 TI - Behavior modification in vision training: facilitating prerequisite behaviors and visual skills. AB - Nine studies are presented illustrating how operant conditioning techniques can be used to facilitate the acquisition of task-relevant skills of young vision training patients. Four cases describe how behaviors considered prerequisite for visual skill training can be improved; task attention and motivation. Five cases show how special operant learning procedures, directly applied to visual skill performance, can facilitate the acquisition of such skills. It was suggested that all attempts at effective visual training recognize the role of scientifically based principles of learning and motivation in improving visual skills. PMID- 7252033 TI - High blood pressure detection: you are making a difference! PMID- 7252032 TI - Psychogenic etiology of a conjugate gaze disorder. PMID- 7252035 TI - Segment edge diplopia. PMID- 7252034 TI - Part II. Clinical overview of the management and fitting of the extended wear patient. PMID- 7252036 TI - Timolol--an update. AB - Timolol has become a frequent choice in the drug therapy for glaucoma. Its popularity has been enhanced by the initial trials which led to the belief that this medication would control glaucoma without side effects. More recent clinical evidence indicates that although timolol is a useful therapeutic, it is not free from all side effects as previously believed. PMID- 7252037 TI - Humphrey vision analyzer. Five-year's experience. PMID- 7252038 TI - A case in point--central pulverulent cataract. PMID- 7252039 TI - Space planning and renovation: aids to a more productive optometric office. PMID- 7252040 TI - Adventitious binding of 3H-labeled nucleotides to protein during polymerase assays. AB - The results of these studies demonstrate that 3H-labeled nucleotides and nucleosides are capable of binding to proteins such as bovine serum albumin or bulk proteins of cytoplasmic extracts in a time-, temperature- and concentration dependent manner when incubated in phosphate buffer or under conditions for the assay of DNA polymerases. The binding of the labeled nucleotide to the protein is stable to washing with 10% cold trichloroacetic acid/1% sodium pyrophosphate and 95% ethanol. The radioactivity bound to the protein is rendered acid-soluble by treatment with pronase. Such non-specific binding can be a significant source of artifactual labeling in DNA or RNA polymerase assays. PMID- 7252041 TI - The protein sequenator: a new extraction principle and a metal reaction cup. AB - A simpler and more efficient extraction procedure is proposed for solvent extraction of the Edman degradation procedure in the protein sequenator. The method is less likely than the conventional one to cause wash-out of peptides or proteins from the reaction cup while the very small solvent volumes required substantially decrease the running costs of the instrument. It has been used successfully (98% repetitive yield) with a metal reaction cup in the sequenator. PMID- 7252042 TI - Computer-interfaced rapid scanning molecular absorption and emission spectrophotometer for stopped-flow studies of enzyme reactions. AB - An improved stopped-flow system with a rapid-scanning spectrometer permits measurement of either light absorption or emission at scan speeds of up to 150 spectra per second. The entire flow system, including valves, syringes and quartz flow cell is contained in a thermostat bath and is leak-tight from 5 to 45 degrees C. Pneumatic valves control the flow through Teflon tubing. Quartz fiber optic light guides are used to transmit light to and from the flow cell. Experimental data are given to demonstrate the absorbance and fluorescence modes. The growth and decay of the fluorescence spectrum of NADH was followed in a reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The kinetics of binding of 1 anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by both scanning and fixed-wavelength fluorescence emission. The fluorescence of BSA was completely quenched within two milliseconds accompanied by an abrupt increase in the fluorescence of ANS which was followed by a slower first-order growth. PMID- 7252043 TI - An improved rapid assay for S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase. AB - A coupled enzyme system was devised to assay S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase activity spectrophotometrically and to stain the hydrolase selectively in polyacrylamide gels. The assay procedure monitors the formation of uric acid derived from the catabolism of the adenosine moiety of S-adenosylhomocysteine. The staining procedure allows the determination of the molecular weight of the hydrolase when extracts are electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gradient gels and compared to standard of known molecular weight. The specificity of the enzyme for the homocysteine moiety was also investigated by testing modified compounds as substrates. All the analogs tested were inactive as substrates for hydrolysis, indicating a strict specificity. PMID- 7252044 TI - Stepwise immobilization of proteins via their glycosylation. AB - Glycosyl derivatives of bovine serum albumin in which the glycosyl residue is represented by mono- or disaccharide can be, after periodate oxidation, coupled to polyhydrazides having a macroporous matrix (cross-linked polyacrylamide, bead cellulose). The amount of the linked neoglycoprotein depends not only on the physical structure of the matrix but also on the degree of its substitution with hydrazide groups and on the type and concentration of glycosyl residue in the neoglycoprotein. A high degree of substitution as well as the presence of the D galactosyl unit both play a positive role. Owing to the fact that the glucosyl unit in disaccharide residues (cellobiosyl, lactosyl) also contributes positively to spacer properties, in the monolactosyl derivative of albumin exhibits good binding properties towards macroporous polyhydrazides. While the high sugar containing conjugates of glycosyl derivatives of albumin with polyhydrazides are stable for two weeks at pH 6-9, the conjugates of the monolactosyl derivative of albumin can only be stored at pH 7.5. The binding site of albumin immobilization is considered. PMID- 7252045 TI - On the limiting pore size of hydrophilic gels for electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. AB - The maximum pore diameter that can be obtained in hydrophilic gels, either highly diluted agarose (0.16%C) or highly cross-linked polyacrylamide (45%CBis or 60%C DHEBA) is around 500 nm. An empirical equation has been derived linking the mean pore diameter (mean p) to gel concentration (C) in dilute agarose gels: mean p = 140.7 x C(-0.7). It is suggested that other equations hold for concentrated gels and for highly cross-linked polyacrylamides, since the matrix structure is different. Most of the cross linkers for polymerizing polyacrylamide gels have been tabulated and their properties studied. A new gel matrix is described: a highly cross-linked N,N'-(1,2-dihydroxyethylene)bisacrylamide gel, which is hydrophilic, highly porous and can be conveniently used for electrophoresis in horizontal, ultrathin layers cast on silanized glass surfaces. PMID- 7252046 TI - Effects of anaesthetics on reflexes elicited in the sudomotor system by stimulation of Pacinian corpuscles and of cutaneous nociceptors. AB - Sudomotor neurones supplying sweat glands in the hairless skin of the cat's paws can be activated by the cutaneous afferent inputs deriving from vibrational receptors (Pacinian corpuscles) in the paws and from cutaneous nociceptors. Both reflexes probably have separate spinal pathways. In the present investigation the effects of the anaesthetics ketamine, methohexital, chloralose, halothane and Althesin on both types of sudomotor reflexes were examined. For this purpose the skin potentials were recorded from the hairless skin of the paws with Ag--AgCl electrodes. Before application of any anaesthetic the cats were in a state of light ketamine anaesthesia. The following results were obtained: (1) the resting activity in the sudomotor system and the synchronization of the activity between both hindpaws and between hind- and forepaws were depressed by all anaesthetics to a variable degree. After chloralose application large synchronous potentials of low frequency appeared; (2) ketamine (18--25 mg/kg injected intramuscularly) enhanced the reflexes on vibrational stimulation and depressed the reflexes on noxious stimulation of skin; (3) methohexital (3--10 mg/kg injected intramuscularly) mostly depressed the reflexes on vibrational stimulation and enhanced the reflexes on noxious cutaneous stimuli; (4) chloralose (4.5--20 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally) enhanced both types of reflexes; (5) halothane (1- 1.5 vol. %) and Althesin (2.5--5 mg/kg injected intramuscularly) depressed both types of reflexes; (6) in chronic spinal cats ketamine, methohexital and chloralose had a slightly depressive effect on the resting activity of the sudomotor system, but practically no influence on the reflexes induced by cutaneous stimuli; and (7) these results argue that the effects of anaesthetics on the sudomotor system depend on the type of reflex tested and the type of anaesthetic used. They indicate furthermore that the anaesthetics affect largely supraspinal structures and influence the spinal reflex pathways via descending spinal pathways. PMID- 7252047 TI - A morphometric analysis of the autonomic innervation of cat tracheal glands. AB - Quantitative methods have been used to examine the distribution of adrenergic and cholinergic axon varicosities to serous and mucous cells of cat tracheal glands. Cats were injected with 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA) prior to removal of the trachea in order to fill adrenergic vesicles with intensely osmiophilic material. This facilitated the identification of adrenergic varicosities and provided a means by which they could be easily discriminated from cholinergic varicosities. Of all varicosities identified within 10 micrometer of the glands, 90% were cholinergic and 10% were adrenergic. Most of these varicosities were present in interstitial bundles located between acini. A small number of cholinergic varicosities, however, were located within 20 nm of acinar cells, forming close contact junctions. No differential innervation of serous and mucous cells was observed. PMID- 7252050 TI - Quantitative analysis for innervation of smooth muscle cells in the wall of the urinary bladder. AB - The distribution of nerve terminals to different parts of the urinary bladder was studied by electron microscopy with the aid of 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. A quantitative analysis was made for each region. In the sphincter and trigone areas nerve terminals were found to be much more numerous (3 times more) than in sections from the body and the apex of the bladder. In much of the bladder there were 6--7 smooth muscle cells for each nerve fiber, however in the trigone area 1 -2 muscle cells were supplied by terminal nerve fiber. The narrowest gap between nerve terminals and smooth muscle cells was found to be 150--250 nm. It was commonly seen that Desmosome-like attachments, called nexuses, connected adjacent smooth muscle cells. After 6-hydroxydopamine treatment degenerated terminals could be found mostly in the fine periarterial plexuses but some were also observed that were not related to blood vessels, especially in the trigone area. Summation of our figures and results for terminal density suggests to us that contractions of the urinary bladder are initiated or controlled in the trigone region and that other parts of the wall are activated by local nerve processes and the numerous nexal contacts. PMID- 7252048 TI - Projection of limb venous afferents to the feline motor-sensory cortex. AB - Previous studies have shown that the cerebral cortex has the capacity to exert a marked influence on the circulatory system. Recently low threshold femoral vein afferent fiber projections to the spinal cord were reported and were found to have powerful reflex connections to motor neurons. The venous afferents appeared to be attractive candidates to provide afferent input to the cortex by the activation of ascending sensory systems. Therefore the experiments described in this report were carried out to determine the existence and functional organization of venous afferent projections to the cerebral cortex in the cat. Femoral and brachial vein afferent fibers were excited in the vein wall by electrical stimulation. Cerebral cortical mapping of cortical evoked potentials revealed that femoral and brachial venous afferent fibers activate ascending sensory systems which activate cortical neurons. The primary projection focus of the hind limb venous afferents lay within the hindlimb 3a--4 gamma motor-sensory cortex on the medial postcruciate gyrus. The forelimb venous afferent primary projection focus lay within the forelimb 3a--4 gamma motor-sensory cortex on the lateral sigmoid gyrus. The venous afferent projection was proposed to be a component of a cortical control system which would facilitate optimal cardiovascular control. PMID- 7252049 TI - Influences of selective sympathetic denervation on coronary reactive hyperemia in conscious dogs. AB - Mongrel dogs were chronically instrumented to measure left circumflex coronary flow, arterial pressure, left atrial pressure, ECG, heart rate and in some cases, left ventricular pressure or cardiac output. A cuff type occluder was placed distal to the flow probe. Total occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery for one minute in unsedated, resting dogs produced reactive hyperemia with an average replacement/deficit ratio of 2.63/1. In 11 dogs, sympathetic influences were investigated by chronic surgical cardiac sympathectomy. Surgical section of all ansae subclaviae responses from 2.61/1 to 1.67/1 (P less than 0.001). Left sympathectomy alone had no effect on the replacement/deficit ratio whereas selective right sympathectomy reduced it from 2.25/1 to 1.38/1. Pharmacological blockade was used to determine beta-receptor involvement in the responses. In 9 intact dogs practolol (10 mg/kg) reduced the reactive hyperemia ratio by 12% (P less than 0.05). Propranolol (1 mg/kg) further reduced this ratio by 30% (P less than 0.001). Our results suggest that sympathetic beta influences work primarily through the right cardiac sympathetic nerves. Also, the magnitude of the response appears to be due, in part, to increased metabolic activity associated with myocardial beta 1-receptors and heart rate increase as well as active vasodilation through beta 2-receptors. PMID- 7252051 TI - Two populations of nerve fibers in the adrenal nerve. PMID- 7252052 TI - The relation of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels over time in humans. AB - Plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) levels were measured at 15 min intervals in 5 male and 7 female, healthy recumbent humans over periods of 4 h (n = 9), or 8 h (n = 3). Levels of both plasma catecholamines (CA) fluctuated both tonically and phasically over time. There was a pronounced downward ("tonic") trend in the levels of the 4 h subjects who had slept at home but no consistent trend was seen in the 8 h subjects who slept in the test bed overnight. The average (+/- S.E.) of median plasma NE levels was significantly lower (231.9 +/- 15.0 pg/ml) in the 4 h group than the 8 h group (356.9 +/- 6.7 pg/ml) probably due to the younger age of the 4 h group and the weakly positive correlation of NE levels with age. Plasma E levels showed no correlation with age and were not significantly different in the 4 h (111.6 +/- 27.0 pg/ml) or 8 h (98.2 +/- 13.7 pg/ml) groups. NE and E levels correlated well in 9 out of 12 subjects when the tonic trend was considered but levels correlated in only 6 out of 12 subjects when the tonic trend was removed and only phasic variations considered. Cardiovascular parameters showed inconsistent correlations to plasma CA in the 8 h subjects although plasma NE correlated positively with mean arterial blood pressure in all 3. These data suggest that resting plasma levels of both CA vary both tonically and phasically and correlate well in only some individuals, particularly when considered on a short-term, phasic basis. PMID- 7252054 TI - Heterogeneity in the adrenomedullary storage of catecholamines, ATP, calcium and releasable dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity. AB - Bovine adrenomedullary granules were separated into two subfractions by isopycnic density centrifugation. A small subfraction (approximately 10% of the total population) was sedimented into 2.2 M sucrose while the main population (80% of the total) was recovered at the interphase between 1.6 and 2.2 M sucrose. The concentrations of catecholamine (CA) and calcium showed marked seasonal variations for both subfractions, with lowest levels in the spring and highest levels in the winter. Throughout the year the concentrations of CA and calcium were 2-3 times higher in the minor subpopulation which also accounted for an abundance of noradrenaline (NA); on average 68% NA of total CA, 6.6 mumol CA and 225 nmol calcium/mg protein. The two subpopulations stored CA in similar ratios to ATP and calcium; i.e. 30 mol CA: 4 mol ATP: 1 mol Ca2+, indicating storage of CA largely independent of an equivalent amount of ATP, at least during winter when CA storage was 3.3 and 9.9 mumol/mg protein in the major and minor subpopulation respectively. The two subpopulations differed significantly in ratio of releasable dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity per mole CA due to insignificant differences in specific activity of releasable DBH (0.4 unit/mg protein). The results show: (1) that the adrenomedullary granules are heterogeneous with respect to releasable activity of DBH per mole CA and subject to considerable seasonal variations; (2) a large portion of the NA-storing granules has a high concentration of releasable constituents; (3) both adrenaline (A)- and NA-storage are closely associated with that of calcium and occur in excess of that balanced by equivalent amounts of ATP. PMID- 7252053 TI - Basal sympatho-adrenal function in quadriplegic man. AB - Plasma catecholamines (CA) were measured at 15 min intervals over a 4 h time period in 5 supine, chronic, quadriplegic male humans subjects. CA levels fluctuated over time through a wide range, often exhibiting brief bursts of very high CA levels which differed from the slower duration fluctuations seen in normal subjects. Spikes of increased plasma CA often, but not always, correlated with muscle spasms, urination or pain and were often accompanied by appropriate changes in blood pressure and heart rate. When examined over a 4 h period, the subjects' median plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels (305.5 +/- 26.8 pg/ml) were within the normal, age-corrected range while plasma epinephrine (E) levels (210.4 +/- 48.9 pg/ml) were higher than those seen in normal control subjects (89.0 +/- 6.9 pg/ml) tested under similar conditions. Also, plasma NE and E levels in the quadriplegics correlated positively in 3 out of 5 subjects which was similar to the balance in normal subjects. Therefore, resting sympatho-adrenal tone, as indicated by plasma catecholamine levels, in quadriplegics is not decreased, but is either normal or increased. Activation of these systems is probably under the control of local spinal reflexes which appear to be capable of maintaining many of the resting automatic functions of the individual. PMID- 7252055 TI - Influence of the input from left and right arterial baroreceptors on left inferior cardiac nerve activity in cats. AB - Input from the ipsi- and contralateral arterial baroreceptors to the left inferior cardiac nerve was tested in chloralose anaesthetized cats. The cardiac rhythmicity in sympathetic tonic activity and the response to excitation of arterial baroreceptors were examined. It was found that the inhibitory input to the left inferior cardiac nerve front ipsilateral carotid sinus baroreceptors was not different from the inhibition of sympathetic activity from the contralateral carotid sinus baroreceptors. On the contrary, the left inferior cardiac nerve was almost exclusively controlled by an inhibitory input from the ipsilateral aortic baroreceptors with little influence from the aortic baroreceptors of the contralateral side. We conclude that transmission of the information from the carotid sinus baroreceptors to the cardiac sympathetic nerves is crossed, whereas information from the aortic baroreceptors is mainly uncrossed in the central nervous system. PMID- 7252056 TI - Effects of pharmacological autonomic blockade upon cardiac rate and blood pressure conditioned and unconditioned responses in Macaca mulatta. AB - Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded during classical delay conditioning of rhesus macaque monkeys. When portions of the autonomic nervous system were selectively blocked by pharmacological agents, it appeared that the initial increases in heart rate and blood pressures in response to the conditioned stimulus were the result of increased sympathetic activity and a concomitant decrease in parasympathetic activity. Towards the end of the conditioned stimulus, an increase in parasympathetic activity was indicated. Blockade of the autonomic system which produced total elimination of the conditioned cardiac rate response and substantial reduction or elimination of the conditioned blood pressure response, was not necessarily or always accompanied by a corresponding elimination of the respective unconditioned responses. Such a finding suggests a different underlying neural mediation of these conditioned and unconditioned responses. PMID- 7252059 TI - Identification of a toxic impurity in commercial diphenylamine. AB - The impurity in commercial diphenylamine which induces polycystic kidney disease in rats has been identified as N,N,N'-triphenyl-p-phenylenediamine. The structure of the compound was confirmed by mass and proton magnetic resonance spectrometry and by comparison with a synthetic standard prepared by the Ullman coupling of iodobenzene and p-phenylenediamine or N,N-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine. Laboratory studies with highly purified diphenylamine indicated that N,N,N'-triphenyl-p phenylenediamine can be formed by heating diphenylamine. PMID- 7252058 TI - Anomalies in the log Freundlich equation resulting in deviations in adsorption K values of pesticides and other organic compounds when the system of units is changed. AB - Freundlich K values cannot be directly converted from one set of units to another unless the slope, N, is unity. Dimensional analysis of the Freundlich equation shows the units of K to be moles(1-N) L(N)g-1, instead of the commonly used units, moles/g. A mathematical relationship exists between the ratio of K values in two different sets of units, and N. The magnitude of K does not change by the same factor as the adsorption data (x/m, C) from which it was calculated, when units are changed, unless N = 1.0. To avoid problems associated with units of K, it is recommended that mole fraction ( a unitless quantity) be used to express equilibrium concentration, and that K no longer be used as an indicator of relative adsorption. An alternate means of assessing relative adsorption among pesticides is proposed. PMID- 7252057 TI - The mechanisms of differential control in the sympathetic system studied by hypothalamic stimulation. AB - In an attempt to study the mechanisms of differential action observed in the autonomic nervous system, response patterns evoked in two sympathetic nerves by stimulation of the hypothalamus were investigated. Recordings were made from inferior cardiac and vertebral nerves (mainly vasoconstrictors of the forearm muscles), both originating from stellate ganglia, in chloralose anesthetized cats. Repetitive stimulation of various hypothalamic regions produced 4 types of responses often in single preparations: (1) a response in which differential action between cardiac and vertebral nerves was characterized by an increase in vertebral nerve activity and a decrease in cardiac nerve discharges; (2) a response in which the activities of these two nerves were opposite to that described above; (3) a generalized response of the two nerves; both vertebral and cardiac nerve activity being greatly augmented. This response was accompanied by a great increase in forearm blood flow and could be classified as a part of "defense reaction"; and (4) another type of generalized response in which augmented activity of both nerves was accompanied by a decrease in muscle blood flow. Stimulation of the same hypothalamic area with a single or a short train of pulses evoked in sympathetic neurons an excitation of a short duration, followed by a long-lasting "silent period". The magnitude and duration of these two phases of responses of cardiac and vertebral nerves differed, depending on the site of stimulation. Stimulation of certain hypothalamic points could affect discharges of the left and the right cardiac nerves differently in some animals. The mechanism of differential control in the sympathetic system and some conditions which alter this pattern was discussed. PMID- 7252060 TI - Formation of arsenite in lead arsenate or calcium arsenate mixtures. AB - Lead and calcium arsenates have been used as insecticides in the past with various adjuvants added to increase their effectiveness. Adverse health effects have been reported in industrial situations where these materials were formulated, and packaged, and occasionally used. Reduction of arsenate has been demonstrated to occur when mixtures of lime, lime sulfur, sulfur, and casein were added to lead or calcium arsenate. The formation of soluble arsenite increased with time after the formulations were dry mixed. Levels of soluble arsenite declined in aqueous suspension after 1 day but increased again after 2 months. Total arsenite varied from 0.6 to 2.4% of the arsenic present 253 days after formulation. PMID- 7252062 TI - Fate and toxicity of acephate (Orthene) added to a coastal B. C. stream. AB - Acephate was added to a small, coastal B. C. stream to yield a concentration of 1100-1200 ppb for a 5-h period. It was rapidly taken up by fish, sediments, insect nymphs and larvae. No fish or insect mortality was noted although the more toxic methamidophos was found in both groups of animals. Acephate and methamidophos residues in animals and sediments declined to trace or non detectable levels in 24 h and to these levels in water by 96 h. The impact of acephate on the stream and its fauna was limited and localized. PMID- 7252061 TI - Effects of dietary copper on developing aflatoxicosis in Syrian hamsters. AB - The possible suppression of toxic and carcinogenic activities of aflatoxin by the cupric ion were investigated. Weanling, male Syrian hamsters received diets of either ground meal, ground meal plus 22.9 ppm mixed aflatoxins (9.2 ppm AFB1, 0.4 ppm AFB2, 12.8 ppm AFG1, 0.5 ppm AFG2), ground meal plus copper acetate (0.5% by weight) and 22.9 ppm mixed aflatoxins, or ground meal plus copper acetate (0.5%). Experimental parameters measured included: food and water consumption, body weight responses, mortality, gross pathology and histopathological changes, as well as protein synthesis in the liver tissue during incubation in Krebs' medium. The results indicate that copper may act as a protective agent against low levels of these mycotoxins. Significantly, more animals undergoing combined treatment (aflatoxin plus copper) survived and had higher body weights. Less severe liver pathology was seen in these animals as compared to those receiving aflatoxin without a copper supplement. PMID- 7252064 TI - Effect of sodium arsenate on microbial growth in a chemostat. AB - Microbial transformation of sodium arsenate, the wood preservative and insecticide, is important in assessing the environmental impact of this pesticide. Recent studies using batch culture techniques have shown that arsenate is metabolized to more toxic end products. This study investigated the effect of the chemical on the microbial cells themselves using continuous flow cultures to examine the effect of arsenate on the growth and maintenance requirements of the microbes. Cell yield was lower and maintenance requirements higher at 100 micrograms/ml arsenate than at 10 micrograms/ml indicating a greater expenditure of energy by the cells to maintain homeostasis. PMID- 7252063 TI - Effects of phenolic compounds on in vivo blood parameters of a fish Notopterus notopterus. AB - Effects of phenol (P), dinitrophenol (DNP), pentachlorophenol (PCP) and their three combinations, antagonistic [(PCP + DNP)/P], additive [(DNP + P)/PCP] and synergistic [(P + DNP)/PCP], at three subacute concentrations (1/10th, 1/15th and 1/20th fractions of 96 h LC50) were determined on several blood parameters after 30 days exposure taking Notopterus notopterus as a test fish. Generally, RBC, WBC and PCV were found to be increased while CT, ESR, Hb, MCH, MCHC and MCV were decreased. However, PCP showed dual effects in many cases. CT and MCV were decreased in PCP alone and in (DNP + P)/PCP combination, while increased in (P + DNP)/PCP combinations while decreased in PCP alone. Again RBC and MCV were decreased/increased in DNP alone. Significance of findings is that these haematological parameters can be used as scientifically most accurate are reliable laboratory diagnostic indices by fish breeders, administrators and scientists as to know the state of health of fish population and to make warning about deleterious effects of phenolic compounds so that appropriate measure may be taken by all concerned to protect a valuable source of human food. PMID- 7252065 TI - The sorption of Zectran on bottom sediments and peat moss. AB - A modified analytical method employed to determine the insecticide Zectran in natural waters frequently has resulted in erroneous data. The errors have been attributed to interferences from particulate matter in these waters. In order to evaluate analytical interferences due to sorption of Zectran on particulates, a series of experiments was performed using bottom sediments and a peat moss in contact with aqueous solutions of zectran at a pH values of 6.0 and 20 degrees C. Isotherm studies confirmed that Zectran sorption occurs in a direct relation to the amount of chemically oxidizable carbon present in the bottom sediments or peat moss. However, the extent of sorption was limited, which suggested that particulates may not be the primary interference in the modified analytical method. PMID- 7252066 TI - Laser-induced photodestruction of the organo-phosphates: DIMP and DMMP. AB - The infrared and ultraviolet laser-induced photodestruction of diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) has been surveyed. We used the excimer lasers ArF (193 nm), KrF (248 nm), XeCl (308 nm), and quadrupled Nd:YAG (266 nm) as well as a pulsed CO2 laser. Samples were irradiated in the vapor and liquid phases. Photodissociation was observed at all irradiation wavelengths, being most efficient when ArF irradiated DIMP or DMMP in the vapor phase in the presence of air or oxygen. Pulsed, focused CO2 radiation led to multiple photon dissociation and pyrolytic destruction. Light hydrocarbon gases were the principal decomposition products. Hydrogen, CO, CO2 and water were also detected. The residual liquid is likely to be a phosphorus-bearing acid. PMID- 7252068 TI - Effects of age on control of lipolysis during fasting. AB - Loss of body weight, girth, epididymal fat pad weight, and adipocyte size were examined in male, virgin, Wistar rats aged 2, 6, 12 and 22-24 months during 5 days of fasting. Relative reductions in all four parameters were greatest in the 2-month-old animals, with little differences among the older three age groups. In contrast, absolute weight loss was greatest in 12, and 24-month-old rats. Body weights were also greatest in these two groups. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine increased to the same levels in all 4 groups during the fast. Similarly, insulin decreased to the same levels in all groups although the oldest rats already exhibited low levels prior to fasting. Thus, possible age differences in the lipolytic response to fasting do not appear due to age-related differences in important lipolytic (catecholamine) and antilipolytic (insulin) hormone levels. Possible age-related differences in lipolytic response to fasting may instead reflect changes in other hormones which regulate lipolysis, or an altered sensitivity of adipocytes to such hormones. PMID- 7252070 TI - Normal CuZn superoxide dismutase, Mn superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in Werner's syndrome. AB - Werner's syndrome is often regarded as a segmental progeroid syndrome. It has been suggested that free radical damage involving oxygen contributes to aging. Furthermore, lymphocytes from Werner's syndrome patients show in vitro increased chromosome breakage and are protected by exogenous superoxide dismutase and catalase. We prepared erythrocytes and lymphocytes from three patients with Werner's syndrome and determined four important enzymes protecting against oxygen toxicity; CuZn superoxide dismutase, Mn superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. All enzymic activities were found to be normal. PMID- 7252067 TI - Biosynthetic rates of proteins having the characteristics of glucocorticoid receptors in adipocytes of mature and senescent rats. AB - An affinity chromatography technique has been utilized to compare the rates of putative glucocorticoid receptor biosynthesis in epididymal fat pad adipocytes of mature and senescent Wistar rats. Biosynthetic rates appear to be linear for at least 3 hours in both age groups, but are reduced by about one-half in the senescent cells. In contrast, incorporation of labeled amino acids into total protein is not altered with aging in this system. Thus, reduction in putative glucocorticoid receptor biosynthetic rate may reflect the effects of senescence on the expression of only a small part of the genome. PMID- 7252071 TI - Equivalent proliferation potential different size classes of human diploid fibroblasts. AB - Human diploid fibroblasts were separated on the basis of size by sedimentation at unit gravity in a 5 to 30% fetal bovine serum gradient. The larger cells sedimented faster and were comprised of a larger proportion of cells that failed to incorporate tritiated thymidine during the 48 hours prior to sedimentation. However, the large cells and small cells had the same long-term replicative ability as determined both by ability to form large clones and by the total number of population doublings accrued in citro. Even after refractionation the larger and smaller cells had the same long-term proliferation ability. These results indicate that, although old cultures contain a high proportion of large cells and cells not able to synthesize DNA during a 24 to 48 hour period, these parameters cannot be used to select subpopulations of cells with different proliferative potentials from young or late passage cultures. PMID- 7252069 TI - The steroidogenic capacity of the aging rat testis. AB - Factors bearing on the steroidogenic capacity of the aging testis have been examined in Sprague-Dawley rats between 3 and 24 months of age. Neither the number nor the binding affinity of testicular receptors for 125I-hCG changed with age. The ability of the aging testis to synthesize cholesterol from octanoate was similarly undiminished. Testicular conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, the gonadotropin-responsive, rate-limiting portion of the androgenic pathway, remained near young adult levels with advancing age. The rate at which the testis converted pregnenolone to testosterone actually increased by almost 25% in the oldest rats. Hence, the steroidogenic capacity of the Sprague-Dawley rat testis does not decline with advancing age. PMID- 7252072 TI - Respiration during sleep in the aged human. AB - Sleep and respiration were evaluated on a single night in 40 elderly subjects, including 22 women (ages 62 to 85, mean = 74) and 18 men (ages 63 to 86, mean = 72.7). Sleep-related respiratory disturbances, apneas and hypopneas lasting 10 seconds or longer, were evaluated in each subject. The number of such disturbances ranged from 0 (in 5 women and 2 men) to 216. Seven women (31.8%) and eight men (44.4%) had greater than five respiratory disturbances per hour of sleep. In women, there appeared to be an age-related increase in respiratory disturbances, with a marked augmentation occurring in the eighth decade. In men, this age relationship was not apparent. In a number of cases, arousals associated with respiratory disturbances presented a clear disruption of nocturnal sleep (up to as many as 45 disturbances per hour). This high prevalence of sleep-related respiratory disturbance in aged individuals suggests a possible cause of sleep complaints in many elderly persons. PMID- 7252073 TI - Hip fracture in elderly women and reproductive history. AB - Data routinely collected by nursing homes were used to examine the relationship between hip fracture and reproductive history as reflected by total number of living children. Recently interest has centered on exogenous estrogens and their effect on fractures in post-menopausal women; little attention has been given to endogenous factors. Among ever married women 65 years of age and older, a statistically significant inverse relationship between number of living children and the diagnosis of hip fracture was found. Among those of high parity (4 or more living children) the risk of hip fracture is 8% compared with 16% among those with 0 to 3 living children. The relative odds are 2.08 with 95% confidence interval (1.12, 3.84). These preliminary results using nursing home data have encouraged us to pursue the investigation of reproductive characteristics and their relation to fractures in post-menopausal women, using more refined measures than total number of living children, as well as taking into account possibly confounding factors such as race, weight, diet, smoking, activity level and use of exogenous estrogens. PMID- 7252074 TI - The development, validity, and reliability of the OARS multidimensional functional assessment questionnaire. AB - This report outlines the development, validity, and reliability of Part A of the OARS Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire. Part A permits assessment of individuals' functioning on each of five dimensions (social, economic, mental health, physical health and self-care capacity), the detailed information in each area being summarized on a 6-point rating scale by a rater. Content and consensual validity were ensured by the manner of construction. Information on criterion validity was obtained for all dimensions except social. The criterion used and their associated Kendall's Tau values were: an objective economic scale (.62); ratings based on personal interviews by geropsychiatrists (.60); physician's associates (.82); and physical therapists (.89). For 11 geographically dispersed raters from research and clinic settings, intraclass correlational coefficients, based on 30 subjects, ranged from .66 on physical health to .87 in self-care capacity; 74% of the ratings were in complete agreement, 24% differed by one point. PMID- 7252075 TI - Validation of a screening battery for psychogeriatric assessment. AB - The aims of this study were to identify the most important diagnostic questions that warrant assessment in psychogeriatric patients and to select and validate objective screening procedures for those areas. Four areas were identified by surveying the records of 87 psychogeriatric patients: organicity, depression, prognosis, and global psychopathology. Relevant assessment instruments, selected on the basis of a comprehensive literature survey, were administered to 61 psychogeriatric inpatients, and criterion ratings were obtained in each of the four diagnostic areas. The Mental Status Questionnaire correlated -.87 with the organicity criterion and also shoed the highest correlations with the other three criterion variables. A canonical correlation analysis showed that the organicity and depression criteria could be reliably separated by the predictors, and multiple regression analysis showed that each could be reliably predicted independently. It is noted that the population studied was largely chronic in nature, so that the findings are not necessarily applicable to other kinds of settings. PMID- 7252076 TI - Sentence comprehension in elderly listeners: the factor of rate. AB - The study was designed to test the clinical observation that sentence comprehension in elderly listeners is enhanced when rate is slowed (time expanded) and that comprehension is affected adversely when rate is speeded (time compressed). Twenty normally-active elderly persons who ranged in age from 65 through 88 years listened to four matched sets of 10 sentences each that were modified electronically to produce the following four rate-alteration percentages: 100% (normal rate), 60% compression, 140% expansion, and 180% expansion. Sentences were presented binaurally to listeners who responded by selecting pictures that matched the sentences heard. Results indicated that sentence comprehension scores were significantly higher (p less than .01) at both the 60% and 140% alteration rates than at the normal speaking rate. Possible effects of the stimulus upon comprehension performance are discussed. PMID- 7252078 TI - Age bias in the evaluation of achievement: what determines? AB - This study hypothesized that there would be no sex or age biases in judged quality of a newspaper article previously rated sex- and age-neutral as to likelihood of authorship and readership. Undergraduates (53 males, 73 females) read a biographical resume varying author age and sex and either a well-written or poorly-written version of an article on gardening. A 2 (stimulus age) x 2 (stimulus sex) x 2 (article quality) factorial multivariate analysis of variance found only a significant main effect of article quality and, as predicted, no effects of stimulus age or sex upon article evaluation or authorship expectancy. PMID- 7252077 TI - Odor identification in young and elderly persons: sensory and cognitive limitations. AB - The investigation sought to uncover whether aging impairs ability to process olfactory information. College-age and elderly women first sought to discriminate among common odors. The elderly persons failed much more frequently than the young. Persons who achieved a high level of discrimination subsequently sought to identify 40 objects by smell and to use personality generated labels to name smells during repeated presentations. The older persons exhibited poorer ability in both tasks. Unlike young persons, the elderly failed to benefit from corrective feedback with their personally generated labels. Nevertheless, the elderly women did benefit from corrective feedback with the true names for the smells. Given enough practice with the true names, the elderly persons could possibly perform as well as the young. Processes that seem to facilitate identification include active encoding, active retrieval, and spontaneous use of verbal mediators. These cognitive operations seem compromised in elderly persons. PMID- 7252079 TI - Age and sex differences in the human auditory brainstem response. AB - Age and sex differences in the brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) were investigated in older (60 to 79 yrs), middle-aged (40 to 59 years), and young (20 to 39 yrs) individuals. Within each age group the number of males (N = 10) and females (N = 10) were divided equally. Scalp potentials were recorded from the vertex to clicks presented at 60, 70, and 80 dB(SL) for stimulus rates of 5, 10, and 15 clicks/sec. Results indicated that older adults had longer latencies at Wave III than either middle-aged or young adults. Age effects were also found for Waves I, II, and IV but were restricted to the lowest intensity and were more evident in older males than females. Significant sex effects showed that the females in each group had shorter Wave IV and V latencies than males. The results suggest that age affects neural propagation at the level of the olivary complex (Wave III) and that BAER latencies are also influenced by the sex of the individual. PMID- 7252080 TI - The risk of personal victimization among the aged. AB - This study examines the likelihood of personal victimization among the aged as a function of a multitude of factors such as characteristics of the victim and environmental conditions. Although the effects of a number of variables (e.g., age, sex, race, and income) on victimization have been studied, they are generally restricted to descriptive or bivariate analyses. Attempts to examine the impact of all relevant factors simultaneously have been rare. This is probably due to the small proportion of crime victims included in most victimization surveys and the fact that statistical techniques dealing with discrete dependent variables are not yet widely used by researchers. In this study, a maximum likelihood logistic probability model was applied to delineate the effects of individual and environmental attributes on victimization. Data for this analysis came from the National Crime Survey conducted between 1973 and 1976 by the Census Bureau for the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration. Logit analysis revealed that characteristics of both the victim and the environment have fairly consistent effects on the likelihood of personal victimization. PMID- 7252081 TI - The structure of subjective well-being in different age groups. AB - Interrelationships between measures of satisfaction with a variety of life domains were used to test the similarity of the underlying factor structure of subjective well-being across age levels. Data on three sets of measures from two cross-sections of American adults were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis. Findings indicate that for respondents of age levels between 25 and 75, the nature of the underlying factors are similar. At the same time, small age differences are observed for the variance of and the interrelationships between these factors. PMID- 7252082 TI - Components of change in the residential concentration of the elderly population: 1950-1975. AB - Changes in the absolute and relative size of the elderly population within metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas are decomposed into the underlying demographic components for three time periods: 1950 to 1960, 1960 to 1970, 1970 to 1975. Specifically, we examine the components of net migration and natural increase of those aged 0 to 64 and those 64 or older. Using published migration estimates for the U.S., this study demonstrates that elderly migration has represented an increasingly important component of the absolute growth of the elderly population within nonmetropolitan areas and a corresponding decline in large SMSAs. Although "aging-in-place" was a dominant component of change in he elderly percentage irrespective of residence, we show that the demographic components of the young also exercise an important and often overlooked effect on the aging process. Most prominent was the slowing of relative aging in remote nonmetropolitan areas, due largely to the post-1970 changeover from net outmigration to net inmigration of those less than 65 years of age. PMID- 7252083 TI - [Electromicroscopy of the nerve structures in human myometrium at term (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe the ultrastructure of myelinated and nonmyelinated nerve fibres as seen in human myometrium at the end of pregnancy. The nerve ending looks degenerate and is found in close contact with a structure that is probably muscular. This ultrastructural appearance corresponds to the quantitative levels of noradrenaline found in the tissues at the end of pregnancy which show that the uterus becomes depleted of catecholamines. PMID- 7252084 TI - [Techniques of vascular microsurgery and gynaecology (author's transl)]. AB - Vascular microsurgery was applied late to gynaecology. The authors evaluate its use in transplantations of the uterus, the ovaries and the tubes and the experimental as well as the clinical angles. The vascular pedicles that can be used in women are studied from the anatomical point of view as well as the functional and technical angles in order that surgical protocols can be worked out logically for transplantation of the tubes and ovaries. PMID- 7252085 TI - [Systematic cytological examination of discharges from the breast in young women. The value of screening for cancer of the breast and for borderline states (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have used the cytological investigation of the liquid discharge from the breast to search systematically for cancerous states and, more usually, for borderline conditions in the breast. Using a simple technique it has been possible to obtain some discharge from the breast more or less easily. In 15 per 1000 cases cytological abnormalities have been found, which means that there were 39 pathological discharges in the 2490 women who were examined over five years. 27 of these were benign lesions and 12 of them were suspect. Of these latter three borderline conditions were found and one invasive cancer was found. All four were asymptomatic. It is therefore worth while examining discharges from the breast in screening for borderline conditions in young women. PMID- 7252086 TI - [Antenatal diagnosis. 601 chromosome examinations (author's transl)]. AB - 601 antenatal chromosome tests were carried out by culturing amniotic liquor. The fetal caryotype was abnormal in 18 cases (3.1 per cent). Most of the examinations were carried out because of advanced maternal age and they gave rise to the diagnosis of 15 abnormalities (3.3 per cent). It should be possible to carry out this kind of screening of patients over the age of 38. PMID- 7252087 TI - [Rapid screening for neonatal infection by employing new techniques for the use of the nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT) (author's transl)]. AB - A new method for carrying out the nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT) has been used on micro-specimens taken from 116 newborn infants for the purpose of carrying out a prospective enquiry into neonatal infection. 44 children aged from 1 to 6 days were selected at random from a population that was said to be normal in the maternity unit and were the control group. 72 children of less than 48 hours of age were made to object of a prospective study of neonatal infection, an enquiry that allowed them to be divided into 3 groups: non-infected, infected and suspect. The study showed a very strong correlation between raised scores (higher than 100) and the presence of an infection, whereas scores in the controls and the non-infected infants were low. This test, which is hardly invasive and easy to introduce as a routine when carried out early is a good screening test for infection and can be best used on the newborn population in a maternity unit. PMID- 7252088 TI - [The extemporaneous histological examination of the umbilical cord. A reliable procedure for evaluating the risk of neo-natal infection (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a study carried out on a consecutive series of 184 placentas of immature or small-for-dates newborn for whom a concomitant examination of the umbilical cord was carried out, with the purpose of finding out whether there was infection of the cord which was defined expressly as a true umbilical blood vessel infection. The 27 cases of infection which were found were classified using a method with 5 values of 0 to 5 given to two sections of the cord that were sectioned. The one was near the placenta, the other near the fetus. Then the findings were compared with the clinical picture of infection in the infant and with bacteriological tests carried out on the digestive tract and on the meconium. This comparison shows how reliable this examination was in prognosing the risk of neo-natal infection and it would appear in screening out neo-natal infection by adding raised values for infection in the cord. PMID- 7252089 TI - [Use of a combination of non stress fetal heart rate monitoring and the oxytocin challenge test in high-risk pregnancies. The effects on perinatal mortality (author's transl)]. AB - A protocol for antepartum supervision which included "non stress fetal monitoring" (NSFM) and the "oxytocin Challenge Test" (OCT) was followed in a series of 640 high-risk pregnancies. The perinatal mortality in this group was compared with that obtained in a group of 3,049 non-selected deliveries which occurred during the same period of time and which were not monitored in the same way. The perinatal mortality which could be attributed to placental insufficiency in the first group (the supervised group) was at 4.68 per 1000, about half that of the non-supervised group (8.72 per 1000) in spite of the low number of high risk cases in the second group. When NSFM was normal in the week before delivery there was no single perinatal death due to placental insufficiency. When the NSFM was normal and the OCT was pathological the OCT Test was probably wrong. When the NSFM test was non-reactive placental insufficiency could be predicted in only 28 per cent of the cases although a combination of NSFM with a positive OCT Test predicted correctly 91.3 per cent of the cases of placental insufficiency. We consider that there is fetal distress due to placental insufficiency when having found signs indicative of fetal distress in delivery (a pH of less than 7.25, recent passage of meconium, the Apgar score less than 7 in the first minute, and pathological fetal heart rhythm (RFC) we can find no other cause to explain the signs such as a short cord, prematurity, obstetrical trauma, prolonged pregnancy and malformations, etc. PMID- 7252090 TI - [45X/46XY/46XrY mosaic with banding and the Turner phenotype (author's transl)]. AB - A chromosome make-up of 45X/46XY can be associated with gonadal dysgenesis, partial dwarfism and Turner-like congenital abnormalities according to Simpson's terminology, as can pure 45X. The Turner syndrome in the form of X/XY is rare. There is a double interest in the case that we report apart from its rarity; first because it has been possible to show lack fluorescence of the Y chromosome which can occur in the pathogenesis of clinical manifestations, when a third clone exists as an addition together with a ring chromosome Y. Because the risks of tumours developing are great when the caryotype includes a Y even if it is one with banding the adnexae should be removed routinely in these cases. A tumour can develop in these girls whereas there is practically no risk if the caryotype is 45X or a mosaic without a Y in it. PMID- 7252091 TI - [Air embolus after Caesarean section (author's transl)]. AB - This is case history of a primigravid woman on whom Caesarean section was carried out in normal conditions for fetal distress, the patient being placed in Trendelenburg position. After the abdomen had been closed there was a sudden collapse with cyanosis, right bundle branch block and then coma with hypertonicity, hyperreflexia and transitory hemiplegia. The only possible diagnosis that could be made was of air embolus following Caesarean section in the light of many investigations that were carried out and the improvement under hyperbaric oxygen treatment and the very irregular progress of the neurological symptoms. Published case histories are rare [12] (published by Walrop, 1953 and Nelson 1960) and over all the result has been unfavourable. The diagnosis can be proven when gas has been found in the blood vessels at autopsy or by the finding of certain clinical signs which indicate the presence of air in the heart or in the blood vessels (water mill sound and the sound of air in the blood vessels). Diagnosis is made by exclusion. The differential diagnosis must be made with amniotic fluid embolus and the other cerebro-vascular accidents, as well as obstetrical shock. The principal factors that bring about air embolus are the entry of air into the dilated uterine veins which is helped by the negative pressure achieved by the Trendelenburg position. As soon as this diagnosis is made it is important to start hyperbaric oxygen treatment and symptomatic resuscitation. PMID- 7252092 TI - [Trans-placental transfer of four anti-inflammatory agents. A study carried out by in vitro perfusion (author's transl)]. AB - Phenylbutazone, oxyphenylbutazone, ketoprofene and indocid transfer through the placenta (TFp) were studied by perfusing a placental cotyledon at term in vitro. These drugs were used in the therapeutic doses that are employed in human clinical practice. Antipyrine was used as a control material to check the validity of the perfusion in each experiment. TFp of phenylbutazone was 25.83 per cent +/- 0.46, of oxyphenylbutazone 22.48 per cent +/- 1.38, of ketoprofene 35.574 per cent +/- 0.95 and of indomethacin 36.19 per cent +/- 0.26. The authors point out the advantages and the possible dangers of non-steroid anti inflammatory agents used in pregnant women. They prefer the use of ketoprofene of indomethacin because the anti-prostaglandin properties of ketoprofene are greater although the TFp is significantly less. PMID- 7252093 TI - [A study of uterine contractility in the onset of labour (author's transl)]. AB - We have studied uterine contractility in 100 inductions of labour at term. We have been able to compare the effects of oxytocic infusions with rupture of the membranes on contractility. Oxytocic infusions and rupture of the membranes seem to have similar effects on the amplitude as well as on the contractile surface and these effects are quantitatively reinforced by one another. PMID- 7252094 TI - [Dystocia at the onset of labour. An evaluation of the different treatments available (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have carried out a random study on 75 cases in order to evaluate objectively the therapeutic methods usually employed in cases of dystocia in starting labour. These studies have shown the superiority of Syntocinon using an infusion together with epidural analgesia. This attitude goes against the methods of treatment usually used in France. The authors explain the reasons for their choice in the light of factors that they have observed using other therapeutic methods. PMID- 7252095 TI - The isolation and characterization of a proposed adipocyte precursor cell type from bovine subcutaneous white adipose tissue. AB - (1) The isolation and propagation of stromal cells from mature bovine subcutaneous white adipose tissue is described. The cells formed a homogenous population and synthesized collagen Types I and III in a ratio identical to that of bovine lung fibroblasts studied at the same stage of culture development. (2) Unlike lung fibroblasts the adipose tissue stromal cells (fibroblasts) accumulated lipid in the post confluence stage of culture development and lipoprotein lipase activity emerged. The emergence of lipoprotein lipase in these cells was not dependent on insulin in the medium unlike the 3T3-L1 mouse embryo pre-adipocytes studied in parallel. (3) Post-confluence the adipose tissue stromal cells preferentially incorporated more exogenous [14C]acetate into neutral lipids than a preconfluency. This was in distinction to the lung fibroblast cultures in which the ratio of acetate incorporated into neutral and polar lipids remained unchanged throughout. (4) From the data presented and by comparison with similar adipose tissue derived cells from other species it is proposed that mature bovine white adipose tissue contains cells which have the potential to differentiate from a fibroblast towards an adipocyte phenotype. PMID- 7252096 TI - The role of sympathetic nerves in the activation of the carotid body chemoreceptors at birth in the sheep. AB - Carotid body chemoreceptor afferent discharge was recorded in the sinus nerve of sheep fetuses within a few days of term, exteriorized from ewes given pentobarbitone anaesthesia, and in six newborn lambs, 7-21 h old. Chemoreceptor discharge, defined as such since it was irregular, had no relation to the heart beat and was excited by hypoxia, hypercapnia, H+ and NaCN, was recorded in only 8 out of 20 fetuses. It was abundant in both the newborn lambs and also in fetus carotid bodies studied in vitro. Although electrical stimulation of the sympathetic fibres to the carotid body excited the fetal chemoreceptors and caused a fall in carotid body blood flow, the fetal chemoreceptors still responded to natural stimuli and drugs in both fetus and lamb after the sympathetic pathway had been cut. Further, there appeared to be clear dissociation of chemoreceptor and sympathetic activation shortly after birth. These results confirm and extend earlier studies and they suggest that, although the sympathetic pathway may contribute to chemoreceptor activation at birth, other, possibly more important, factors must be involved. These are discussed. PMID- 7252098 TI - Vascular response of the fetal placenta to local occlusion of the maternal placental vasculature. AB - Local regulation of fetal placental blood flow was studied in 6 near-term sheep. Maternal blood flow was reduced or eliminated to 6-17% of the placenta by ligation or embolization with non-radioactive microspheres. Maternal and fetal placental blood flows were measured, using radioactively-labelled microspheres, before and after vascular occlusion. The change in fetal placental blood flow was significantly different in the occluded as compared to the non-occluded cotyledons. Occlusion of the maternal placental vasculature was associated with a 40% decline in the adjacent fetal placental flow after 24 h. These data support the concept of a local regulatory interaction between fetal and maternal placental circulations wherein fetal placental blood flow is dependent upon the adjacent maternal flow. PMID- 7252097 TI - Measurements of the partial pressure of oxygen in the carotid body of fetal sheep and newborn lambs. AB - The partial pressure of oxygen in chemoreceptors tissue of the carotid body was measured in parallel with arterial oxygen tension in eleven sheep fetuses exteriorized from 9 ewes anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, in 6 of these fetuses in the transitional period following occlusion of the umbilical cord and the start of artificial pulmonary ventilation and in 6 naturally born lambs, 10-36 h old. In the fetal carotid body, O2 gradients were very small and, in the majority of tests, the arterial-to-tissue O2 difference was small or negligible. During the transitional period, this difference increased as arterial PO2 rose and in the newborn lamb, this difference was as large as that reported in the adult carotid body. These results indicate that in the fetal carotid body, the levels of blood flow and metabolism are likely to be homogeneous and that the ratio of O2 supply and O2 consumption is high, that in the transitional period and in the newborn, either O2 supply falls or O2 consumption increases or both, and that these changes are both O2-dependent and persist although arterial PO2 in the newborn is reduced to or close to fetal levels. The possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7252099 TI - Plasma free fatty acid umbilical venous-arterial concentration differences and placental transfer of [14C]palmitic acid in pigs. AB - The passage of plasma free fatty acids across the pig placenta was investigated in four anaesthetized sows with a total of 41 fetal piglets. The plasma free fatty acid concentrations in fetal piglets were very low and appeared independent of maternal concentrations. In each piglet there was a small positive umbilical venous-arterial concentration difference. There were large differences between the composition of maternal and fetal plasma free fatty acid. The fetal free fatty acid contained relatively large amounts of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids. [14C]palmitic acid given intravenously to the sows appeared rapidly in fetal plasma free fatty acids but the amount of radioactivity was low. Analysis of the specific activity of palmitic acid in fetal and maternal blood indicated that little more than 10% of fatty acids coming from the placenta were derived directly from maternal plasma free fatty acids. It is concluded that, in the anaesthetized pig at Caesarean section, fatty acids enter the fetal circulation from the placenta and are taken up by the fetus at rates exceeding the requirements for structure and storage, but the major part of these free fatty acids are not derived directly from maternal free fatty acids. PMID- 7252100 TI - Replantation of severed limbs--clinical analysis of 91 cases. AB - From 1964 to 1980, 91 replantations of severed limbs were performed at Peking Ji Shui Tan Hospital, The People's Republic of China. Seventy of these replantations were successful, and 21 were failures, for a success rate of 77%. The highest success rate was in replantations at the wrist level, with the lowest success rate occurring for replantations at the proximal forearm. In clean-cut injuries, successful reattachment was achieved in 88%. Injuries resulting in twisting and tearing trauma inflicted by a revolving machine rendered the poorest outcome. No significant difference existed between the viability rates of replantations of complete or nearly complete severance. Causes of injury and failed replantations varied. PMID- 7252101 TI - Reconstruction of severe transmetacarpal mutilating hand injuries by combined second and third toe transfer. AB - This paper reports on nine instances of combined second and third toe-to-hand transfers in eight patients for severe transmetacarpal mutilating hand injuries. In four cases, the transfer included an innervated flap from the fibular side of the great toe to provide sensibility to a previously constructed osteoplastic thumb. Prehensile function was significantly improved by providing chuck or tripod pinch as well as improved pulp-to-pulp and lateral pinch. At a mean follow up of 20.3 months, there was only one failure. PMID- 7252102 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of long flexors in human fingers. AB - A scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study of the digital long flexors of the human hand has provided a greater magnification and an increased resolution that facilitated the study of the architecture and the correlation of their structure to their functional activity. The observations are comparable to reports based on gross anatomic and light microscopic studies previously reported by others. PMID- 7252103 TI - Posterior interosseous nerve palsy secondary to synovial chondromatosis of the elbow joint. PMID- 7252105 TI - New procedure on making a thumb--one-stage reconstruction with free neurovascular flap and iliac bone graft. AB - A new method for reconstruction of an amputated thumb with a free neurovascular flap and an iliac bone graft in one stage is described. The method consists of four operative steps: (1) preparation of the recipient hand, (2) elevation of a free dorsalis pedis flap, (3) iliac bone graft, and (4) transfer of the flap with microvascular anastomoses. Four successful results with this operation are presented. The method, which reconstructs the thumb in a single operation, is suitable for patients who refuse other reconstructive methods which sacrifice uninjured digits or toes. PMID- 7252104 TI - The surgical treatment of hand deformities in systemic lupus erythematosis. AB - Ten patients with systemic lupus erythematosis hand deformities were studied. Wrist involvement included distal ulnar subluxation in 14 wrists (with four requiring excision) and various degrees of carpal instability in 12 wrists (usually asymptomatic). Metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint subluxation treated by soft tissue procedures for passively correctable deformities in 30 joints had a failure rate of 70%. MP joint arthroplasties performed in 33 joints gave fair results in 16 joints with fixed deformities and good results in 17 joints with passively correctable deformities. Thumb deformities always involved all three joints, and maintenance of carpometacarpal (CMC) joint stability was the key to thumb reconstruction. CMC joint stabilization with ligamentous reconstruction gave good results in three of four thumbs. Four CMC joint fusions and two CMC joint implant arthroplasties gave good results. Each was accompanied by appropriate procedures on the MP joint or interphalangeal joint. PMID- 7252106 TI - Osteochondritis dissecans of the carpal scaphoid. PMID- 7252108 TI - An intraneural hemangioma of a digital nerve--case report. AB - A case of cavernous hemangioma of the palm in combination with an intraneural hemangioma of the ulnar digital nerve of the index finger is described. Treatment consisted of resection of both lesions with the involved part of the digital nerve and bridging of the defect with a nerve graft. PMID- 7252107 TI - Multifocal hemangioendothelioma of bones in the hand--a case report. PMID- 7252109 TI - Ochronotic stenosing flexor tenosynovitis--case report. AB - Localized deposition of ochronotic pigment in the flexor digitorum profundus tendons was associated with triggering of the fingers in one patient. The case history and histologic studies suggest that repetitive trauma might be a major factor in initiating a localized reaction enhancing pigment deposition in the flexor tendon. PMID- 7252110 TI - Preservation of digital length after traumatic bony loss. AB - Preservation of digital length and stability after traumatic bony loss was accomplished by inserting a temporary block of silicone. After soft tissue healing, a bone graft was inserted to replace the silicone block. This technique was used with satisfactory functional results in three cases. PMID- 7252111 TI - The absent fifth metacarpal. AB - Although many patterns of metacarpal abnormalities have been described, the congenital anomaly of complete or partial absence of the fifth metacarpal has not been well defined. This article reports on seven patients with longitudinal partial or complete absence of the fifth metacarpal with the ulna and the three phalanges of the little finger present. PMID- 7252112 TI - Chromohyphomycosis of the hand due to Exophiala jeanselmei (Phialophora jeanselmei, Phialophora gougerotii)--case report and review. AB - A case of an unusual cause of chromomycosis of the hand is described. Follow-up at 2 months revealed a complete recovery following removal of the mass, without treatment with antifungal therapy. A review of the different disease entities of the chromomycoses and a brief generic classification of the dematiacious fungi are presented. PMID- 7252114 TI - Chronic boutonniere deformity--an anatomic reconstruction. AB - Restoration of motion and appearance of the chronic boutonniere deformity is often accomplished by splinting. If the deformity persists following appropriate splinting, and if a full passive range of motion of the proximal interphalangeal joint is present, surgery may be recommended. Thirteen patients had surgical reconstruction over a 10-year period, with satisfactory improvement in all but one. This operation involves release of the transverse retinacular ligaments and reconstruction of the damaged central slip by using the local joint capsule and synovium attached to the base of the proximal phalanx. PMID- 7252113 TI - The little finger superficialis--clinical investigation of its anatomic and functional shortcomings. AB - Based on clinical experience in the treatment of isolated injury to the little finger profundus tendon, we hypothesized that the little finger superficialis is functionally deficient in a significant portion of the population. Five hundred twenty-six normal hands were examined using the standard superficialis test and a subset of two hundred four normal hands were again examined using a modified superficialis test. We found that 33.8% of the little finger superficialis tendons in the normal population could not achieve normal range of flexion at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) when submitted to the standard superficialis test. When the ring finger was allowed to flex along with the little finger, many of the previously deficient appearing fingers achieved near normal PIP joint flexion; however, 15.7% of the population still showed significant superficialis deficiency in the little finger. This portion of the population risks complete loss of flexion at both interphalangeal joints in the event of isolated profundus disruption in the little finger. PMID- 7252115 TI - Intraneural lipoma of the median nerve--case report and literature review. PMID- 7252116 TI - Three complications of untreated partial laceration of flexor tendon--entrapment, rupture, and triggering. AB - Three patients developed complications as a result of unrepaired and untreated partial laceration of flexor tendons. In one, narrowly based flaps of the tendons became entrapped in a rent in the flexor tendon sheath. In a second, delayed rupture of the flexor pollicis longus occurred when force was applied to the tendon 2 weeks after the injury. In the third, triggering of the thumb occurred 2 months after a laceration which passed through the annular pulley into the tendon. PMID- 7252118 TI - Multifocal neurilemmomas of median and ulnar nerves of the same extremity--case report. AB - A 49-year-old man had multiple tumors in both the median and ulnar nerves in the same extremity, all histologically typical neurilemmomas. Removal was accomplished under high-power magnification, preserving individual fascicles and sensory and motor function. PMID- 7252117 TI - Alternative hand flaps for amputations and digital defects. AB - Traumatic or thermal injury to the hand may result in a composite tissue loss. Exposed tendon, bone, or joint surface is best treated by flap coverage. This paper will discuss four types of alternative hand flaps that can be used to treat difficult areas and/or minimize complications. (1) A thumb flap elevated from the metacarpophalangeal joint flexion crease covers a fingertip injury and the donor site is closed primarily. (2) A proximally based side-finger flap, preferably from the ulnar side of the donor finger, can be used to cover a fingertip defect in a young person or a thumb tip in any age. (3) A deepithelized cross-finger flap, flipped 180 degrees upside-down, can cover a defect on an adjacent finger. The under side of the flap and the donor area are skin grafted. (4) A proximally based arterialized side-finger flap, including the digital artery but sparing the digital nerve, is rotated dorsally to cover a secondarily exposed proximal interphalangeal joint in burn patients where adjacent fingers are not available as donor sites. PMID- 7252119 TI - Effects of graded compression. PMID- 7252120 TI - Carpal and Guyon tunnel syndrome. PMID- 7252121 TI - Permeability of rat choriocapillaris to hemeproteins. Restriction of tracers by a fenestrated endothelium. AB - The choriocapillaris is the fenestrated capillary bed in the choroid of the eye and is the major blood supply to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor cells. Bruch's membrane (BM) is a multilaminated basement membrane that separates the choriocapillaris from the RPE. In a previous study (Pino RM, Essner E; Cell Tissue Res 208:21, 1980) we found that the choriocapillary endothelium restricted the egress of ferritin from the choriocapillaris. In the present study, hemeproteins were used to further establish the permeability characteristics of this capillary bed. Horseradish peroxidase (Einstein-Strokes radius (ESR), 30 A) rapidly crossed the capillary endothelium (less than 5 min) after intravenous administration and after 5 minutes filled BM and the basal infoldings of the RPE. In contrast, hemoglobin (Hg) (ESR, 32 A) and lactoperoxidase (LP) (ESR, approximately 40 A) are markedly restricted at the level of endothelial diaphragmed fenestrae, channels, and intercellular junctions. Little vesicular transport of these proteins was observed. The reaction product of the two hemeprotein activities was not demonstrable in BM for up to 30 min after injection; relatively low levels were detected after 75 min. HG and LP appear to be further restricted by BM, since their reaction products were not demonstrable between the RPE basal infoldings at this time. Catalase (ESR, 52 A) activity was not detected in BM for up to 4 hr after injection. These results indicate that the rat choriocapillary endothelium, unlike the fenestrated endothelia lining other vascular beds, substantially restricts the passage of large tracer molecules. PMID- 7252122 TI - A simple DNA-dependent fluorescence enhancement assay for cell number. AB - A DNA-dependent fluorescence enhancement assay using the dye Hoechst 33258 was developed to quantitate cell number in crude detergent lysates of cells. The assay, which uses a simple filter fluorometer, is sensitive enough to measure 1 x 10(4) cells without interference from mercaptans, culture media, and protein solutions. They assay can be done with freeze-thawed lysates. Fluorescence intensity values are linearly related to cell number in the range of 1 x 10(4) to 2.5 x 10(5) cells for L-929, BHK, and CHO-Kl cell lines. PMID- 7252123 TI - Detergent treatment as an alternative to cell fixation for flow cytometry. PMID- 7252126 TI - Use of a minicomputer for quantitative ultrastructural autoradiography. PMID- 7252125 TI - A band of alkaline phosphatase activity in the crypts of mouse duodenal epithelium. AB - Isolated mouse duodenal epithelium, in the form of structurally intact crypt villus units, was used to study the distribution of alkaline phosphatase with histochemistry. The tissue was incubated on ice in the medium of Hugon and Borgers (J Histochem Cytochem 14:629, 1966), with constant stirring to ensure uniform reaction. Continuous activity was observed frm the crypt mouth to the villus tip. A single band of alkaline phosphatase activity, 2-03 cell in height, was observed in the mid-crypt region in about 80% of crypts studied. Control studies (no substrate control, no lead control, pH control, inhibitor control, inactivated enzyme control, no enzyme control, and stimulator indeed due to alkaline phosphatase. The narrow band of activity in the crypt was also observed in vibratome sections of nonfrozen tissue. When isolated epithelium was subjected to a freeze-thaw cycle and then incubated in Hugon's medium, reaction product was observed continuously from the mid-crypt region to the villus tip. This pattern was similar to that observed with frozen sections. We conclude that alkaline phosphatase is present in an active form in epithelial cells in the region of the band. In epithelial cells above the band, e.e., in the upper crypt, alkaline phosphatase is present in an inactive form which may be activated by a freeze thaw cycle. PMID- 7252127 TI - An electron microscopic histochemical and analytical X-ray microprobe study of calcification in Bruch's membrane from human eyes. AB - Transmission electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, high temperature microincineration, and electron microscopic histochemical procedures were used to study the electron-dense deposits characteristic of the macular aspect of aged human eyes. These inorganic deposits were rich in calcium and phosphorus and selectively removed by flotation on formic acid. The amorphous decalcified masses showed a significant sulfur peak and were readily stained with acidic phosphotungstic acid. The latter observations are indicative of the presence of organic matrical proteoglycan. Such data may be a further indication that proteoglycans are retained at sites of calcification. PMID- 7252124 TI - Characterization of living normal and leukemic mouse lymphocytes by fluorescein diacetate. AB - The esterases activity of normal and acute leukemic mouse lymphocytes and that of their homogenates was investigated using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) as a fluorogenic substrate. The activity proved to be the same for the two cell populations as well as for the homogenates prepared from them. In cell suspensions, having different osmolalities, the rate of FDA hydrolysis decreased significantly with the increasing osmolality only in the case of intact leukemic lymphocytes. changes in the membrane and cytoplasmic viscosity caused by increased or decreased environmental osmolality of cell suspensions occurred in the same direction and to the same extent for both normal and leukemic cells. Fluorescein, the fluorescent product of the hydrolysis, accumulates in leukemic lymphocytes, whereas it easily effluxes form normal lymphocytes. A flow microfluorimetry analysis of the cell population revealed that the fluorescein content of large leukemic lymphocytes was three times higher than that of small, normal ones. The observed differences specific for leukemic lymphocytes might be useful in detecting leukemic transformation in an early stage of acute lymphoid leukemia. PMID- 7252128 TI - Light scattered at two wavelengths can discriminate viable lymphoid cell populations on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. PMID- 7252130 TI - Effect of actinomycin-D on the staining of whole cells with acridine orange. AB - Flow cytofluorometric techniques have been used to investigate the interference of actinomycin-D with the staining of acridine orange in whole cells. The results show that reduction in fluorescence intensity will only occur at actinomycin-D concentrations greater than 10(3) ng/ml in our system, providing the drug is washed out prior to staining. PMID- 7252129 TI - Kinetic, computer, and electron microscopic studies dealing with an artificial enzyme membrane: theoretical and experimental evaluation of the cytochemical demonstration of acetylcholinesterase. AB - The cytochemical demonstration of acetylcholinesterase is theoretically and experimentally evaluated with a model system. The model is an artificial proteic membrane in which acetylcholinesterase homogeneously is immobilized chemically by a bifunctional agent, glutaraldehyde. The copper-thiocholine histochemical method is studied kinetically and the system is simulated by computer calculations based on experimental kinetic parameters and numerical analysis methods. In addition, the corresponding electron micrographs are presented. These studies lead to the conclusions that the system is ruled by diffusional constraints and that enzyme distribution and repartition of the insoluble electron dense product are not circumscribed by any specific conditions. PMID- 7252131 TI - Improved contrast in cytochemistry of dehydrogenases by scanning transmission electron microscopy. AB - A scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) was used to examine ultrathin sections of rabbit white skeletal muscle. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was localized in the tissue using the tetra-nitro blue tetrazolium (TNBT) method. For most specimens postfixation was omitted in order to avoid reoxidation and solubilization of the formazan by osmium tetroxide. The STEM image revealed sufficient contrast of the intracellular structures and apparently electron-dense reaction product in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Substantially less contrast was obtained when the same areas were observed by conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM). In material postfixed with osmium tetroxide, although the tissue contrast was improved, the TNBT reaction product was focally leached out, exhibiting lower contrast than in unosmicated sections. These results indicate that the fine structural visualization of dehydrogenases with TNBT, the STEM technique as used in the present study is superior to that obtained by CTEM. PMID- 7252133 TI - DNA analysis and sorting of viable mouse testis cells. AB - The dye Hoechst 33342 and a 2-parameter cell sorter have been used to measure DNA content in viable testis cells and to sort pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids from adult mouse testis to virtually 100% homogeneity. Early diploid spermatogenic cells were enriched to 90%, a 10-fold purification. The capability for viable sorting of most testis cell types to homogeneity in numbers suitable for many biochemical applications is demonstrated. PMID- 7252132 TI - Quantitative distribution of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in the rat cochlear nucleus. AB - Within the cochlear nucleus of the rat, as well as some nearby regions, quantitative histochemical mapping procedures were used to construct maps of the distributions of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities. The results were in some ways consistent with results previously reported for cat, e.g., very low activities of both enzymes were found in the auditory nerve root, and also in the vestibular nerve root, except where acetylcholinesterase positive centrifugal fibers are located, very high activities were found in the facial nerve system. In many ways, however, the results for the rat cochlear nucleus contrasted with those for the cat. Notably, choline acetyltransferase activities in some regions of the rat cochlear nucleus were as much as 30- to 60 fold higher than for the comparable regions in the cat, and both enzymes had much more uniform distributions in the rat cochlear nucleus than in the cat. The more prominent cholinergic system in the rat cochlear nucleus might relate to a proportionately larger population of cholinergic interneurons, or, more probably, a more significant innervation by cholinergic, centrifugal pathways, or both, as well as, perhaps, generally higher choline acetyltransferase activities in cholinergic neurons of rat. PMID- 7252134 TI - Heavy metal intensification of DAB-based HRP reaction product. PMID- 7252135 TI - The relationship between epidemic influenza (A(H1N1) and ABO blood group. AB - An outbreak of influenza caused by the A(H1N1) subtype in military recruits in February 1978 afforded an opportunity to study the association of ABO blood groups with influenza morbidity and serological response. Fifty-eight per cent of 336 recruits became clinically ill. There was no differential distribution of clinical influenza by blood group. However, seroconversion to a titre of greater than or equal to 20 was significantly and appreciably higher in groups A and B than O and AB. Also, among those with serologically confirmed clinical influenza, the occurrence was significantly higher in groups A and B than groups O and AB. PMID- 7252136 TI - Antibodies to Eubacterium and Peptostreptococcus species and the estimated probability of Crohn's disease. AB - Anaerobic coccoid rods belonging to species of Eubacterium and Peptostreptococcus agglutinate more frequently with sera from patients with Crohn's disease than with sera from patients suffering from other diseases and from healthy subjects. Results of agglutination test with four strains of coccoid anaerobes were used to estimate the probability that a patient suffers from Crohn's disease. The data on healthy subjects and patients with Crohn's disease were subjected to logistic discriminant analysis. With the methods and interpretation described, 52% of the patients with Crohn's disease were recognized as 'definite' or 'probable' Crohn's disease and 14% as 'suspected'. Only 1% of the healthy subjects were classified as 'suspected' and non as 'definite' or 'probable' Crohn's disease. PMID- 7252138 TI - The presentation and incidence of paratrachoma in adults. AB - Thirteen definite and 3 probable cases of chlamydial eye infection were diagnosed in young adults attending the Bristol Eye Hospital between June 1978 and May 1980, and incidence of about 1 case per 44000 per year in the 15 to 44-year-old community served by this hospital, and 1 per 100000 in the total population of this community. These patients presented with a sub-acute follicular conjunctivitis or kerato-conjunctivitis, which had usually been present for several weeks and had often failed to respond to topical chloramphenicol treatment before presentation. Sera obtained from 14 patients, all had chlamydial antibody titres of 64 or more. Over the same period of time, an estimated 2500 patients per year from the same community attended the Venereology Department at the Bristol Royal Infirmary with genital chlamydial infections. These figures suggest that chlamydial infection of the eye complicates no more than 1 in 300 chlamydial infections of the genital tract in adults. PMID- 7252140 TI - Use of domesticated rabbit tissues for monitoring of environmental pollution by toxic metals (Mn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni). AB - Domesticated rabbits were exposed to natural environmental conditions in an area polluted by emissions from a ferromanganese alloys producing plant. The samples of blood, liver, kidneys, bones, spleen, heart, muscle tissue and hair of rabbits were analyzed, after low-pressure low-temperature, ashing in RF oxygen plasma, for the presence of Mn, Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni, using the Varian Techtron AA 6-D apparatus. Groups of 3 rabbits were killed at the following time intervals: immediately after birth, and then after the exposure of 1, 2, 6 and 12 months. The levels of toxic metals detected in the examined biological samples were compared with those detected in control rabbits from non-polluted area. Contents of the analyzed toxic metals were also determined in animal feed samples as well as in samples of air (24-hour samples), drinking water and soil. The results show that the described biological monitoring might be feasibly coupled with the prepared epidemiological studies conducted in areas contaminated with toxic microelements or other persistent substances that are known to accumulate in the mammalian organism. PMID- 7252139 TI - Furazolidone resistance in Salmonella gallinarum: the relationship between in vitro and in vivo determinations of resistance. AB - Of 22 strains of Salmonella gallinarum isolated from recent outbreaks of infection in poultry in Greece (15). Amman (3), Kenya (2), Lebanon (1) and Yemen (1), 20 were more resistant to furazolidone in vitro than 6 strains that had been isolated in the U.K. in the 1950s; the minimum inhibitory concentration of furazolidone was approximately 0.3 microgram/ml for the sensitive strains and 1.3 or 2.5 microgram/ml for the more resistant strains. Furazolidone given continuously in the food did not control experimental infections in chickens caused by most of the strains that had been classed as more resistant by the in vitro tests. Chloramphenicol, trimethoprim and sulphadiazine or mixtures of the latter two were the best antibiotics for treating these infections, but they were less satisfactory than furazolidone for treating infections caused by the furazolidone-sensitive strains. As a group, the furazolidone-resistant strains and furazolidone-resistant mutants of one of the sensitive strains were less virulent for chickens than the sensitive strains. PMID- 7252142 TI - Epidemiological analysis of the incidence of yersiniosis by the monthly notified isolations of Yersinia enterocolitica 03 in the microbiological laboratories of the regional and district hygiene centres in Czechoslovakia. AB - The incidence of bacteriologically confirmed Yersinia enterocolitica 03 infections was recorded in absolute and relative numbers as well as in maps. There were more cases in children, especially of the youngest age group, than in adults, an in males than in females. Some differences in seasonal and regional incidence were found: a considerable rise during the winter months in Slovakia, whereas in Bohemia relatively high incidence was observed over several seasons of the year. PMID- 7252137 TI - Isolation of Salmonella with the use of 100 ml of the R10 modification of Rappaport's enrichment medium. AB - One hundred and eighty samples of pork sausages were examined after pre enrichment in buffered peptone water (P medium), for the presence of salmonellas. From each pre-enrichment four enrichments were made: (1) o.1 ml of P medium was inoculated into 10 ml of Rappaport's medium formula R 10 (R 10/43 degrees C), /2) 1 ml of the P medium was added to 100 ml of R10 broth (R10/100 ml/43 degrees C), (3) 1 ml of P medium was inoculated into 10 ml of Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate broth (MK medium) prepared in accordance with the International Standards Organization document ISO 3565 (MK/43 degrees C) and (4) 10 ml of P medium were added to 100 ml of MK broth (MK/100 ml/43 degrees C). All the enrichments were incubated at 43 degrees C for 48 h. Forty-six and 47 samples were found positive with the first two enrichment methods (R10/43 degrees C and R10/100 ml/43 degrees C), while only 16 samples were found positive with the method MK/43 degrees C, and 27 with the methods MK/100ml/43 degrees C. The superiority of either one of the two R10 procedures over either one of the two MK methods is statistically highly significant (paired Chi2; P less than 0.001 in all four comparisons). The superiority of procedures MK/100 ml/43 degrees C over the method MK/43 degrees C is also statistically significant (P less than 0.005). Both R10/43 degrees C and R10/100 ml/43 degrees C procedures had a much stronger inhibitory effect on the competing organisms (lactose- and sucrose negative) than the two MK methods. PMID- 7252143 TI - To the problem of culture-morphological peculiarities of leptospiral colonies on solid nutrient media. PMID- 7252141 TI - Use of physiological and genetic algal tests for the hygienic evaluation of pollutants in waters. Part I. 226Ra studies. AB - After exposure for several days of intensively growing algal cultures to a radium concentration of 10(-6) g.1(-1) the physiological and genetic responses of Chlorella kessleri and Scenedesmus obliquus cells could be clearly demonstrated. Of physiological characteristics, we recorded the frequency of cells with a reduced number of autospores, the length of the lag phase and cell survival. Of genetic responses, the frequencies of delayed lethal and sublethal effects, the frequencies of minute colonies, colonies with big cells and scabby colonies, and the frequencies of pigmentation changes were followed. The above concentration produced no toxic effect. No simple and clear-cut correlation was found between the recorded responses and the amount of accumulated radium in algal cells. For an interpretation of the mutagenic effect we had to assume a homogeneous radioactive irradiation of the mixed cell suspension. We had also to take into account the participation of repair systems of algae with regard to their survival or manifestation of mutagenic changes in individuals in which mutagenesis had been induced. PMID- 7252144 TI - Delayed (cellular) hypersensitivity in mice during experimental ancylostomiasis. III. Effect of longer latent period for immobilisation of challenged larvae in the adoptively immunized host. AB - Sensitized and normal mesenteric lymph node cells were transferred separately into three groups of recipient female swiss albino mice. Recipients that received sensitized cells and challenged at 28 days after cell transfer produced rapid and early expulsion of larvae from the gastrointestinal tract and also destroyed them in muscles. Allergic immobilisation and death of the larvae may be due to the primary role of delayed type hypersensitivity response in this mouse model. PMID- 7252145 TI - The possibility of differentiating Vibrio and Aeromonas on the basis of correlation of the nucleotide composition of DNA and the peculiarities of the antigenic structure. AB - The nucleotide composition of DNA was correlated with the peculiarities of the antigenic structure of vibrios and aeromonades. The authors propose a supplementary test for the differentiation between these microorganisms by the detection of thermolabile "indicator" antigens, most characteristic of cholera vibrios and pathogenic NAG vibrios, in immunoelectrophoresis with diagnostic serum to alcoholic preparation of NAG-vibrio flagellin. PMID- 7252146 TI - Genetic linkage of resistance to Listeria monocytogenes with macrophage inflammatory responses. AB - The mobilization of adequate numbers of mononuclear phagocytes to inflammatory foci was measured in Listeria-resistant and Listeria-sensitive mice. Resistant strains, such as B10.A, were found to have a 2- to 3-fold greater accumulation of peritoneal macrophages after i.p. treatment with a variety of nonspecific inflammatory stimuli in comparison to sensitive strains, such s A/J. In addition to low macrophage inflammatory responses, A/J mice had fewer resident peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, measurement of chemotaxis in vitro of equal numbers of thioglycollate-induced macrophages showed cells from A/J mice to be less responsive to complement-derived chemotactic factors. Thus, the mononuclear phagocyte systems of resistant B10.A and sensitive A/J mice were quantitatively and qualitatively different. A survey of inbred mouse strains revealed that these differences were not peculiar to A strain mice and that, in general, the level of the in vivo macrophage inflammatory response correlated with the level of resistance to Listeria in a given strain. Like resistance to Listeria, the macrophage inflammatory response was found to be genetically controlled by an autosomal, non-H-2-linked gene(s) expressed as incompletely dominant. Backcross analysis showed genetic linkage of the macrophage inflammatory response with resistance to Listeria. Thus, the results of this study provide formal evidence that the cellular basis of the genetically determined, enhanced resistance to Listeria is an augmented pool size of mononuclear phagocytes, and the prompt mobilization of these cells to foci of infection. PMID- 7252147 TI - Lymphocyte collaboration is required for induction of murine monocyte procoagulant activity by immune complexes. AB - Both aggregated IgG and soluble immune complexes composed of human serum albumin and specific antibody at a 4:1 ratio were demonstrated to rapidly induce an increase in procoagulant activity (PCA) of murine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Direct cytologic assays as well as fractionation of cells by adherence to plastic established the monocyte as the cell producing PCA, and demonstrated further that almost all monocytes, rather than a subpopulation, participated in the response. Monocytes that were depleted of lymphocytes did not respond to these stimuli with production of PCA; that is, induction of monocyte PCA was observed only when stimulation was performed in the presence of lymphocytes. Induction was equally efficient when only the lymphocyte was stimulated by aggregated IgG or soluble immune complexes, washed free of unbound stimulus, and added to monocytes. This suggests a unidirectional pathway by which the stimulus triggers lymphocytes after which there is direct lymphocyte-mediated induction of monocytes to produce PCA. Evidence for participation of soluble lymphocyte products was not obtained, and it is suggested that this series of events may be mediated by direct lymphocyte contact with responding monocytes. The role of this pathway in the genesis of immunologically initiated tissue lesions is discussed. PMID- 7252148 TI - Mechanism of neonatal idiotype suppression. III. Delayed maturation of plasmacytoma stem cells in neonatally suppressed hosts. PMID- 7252149 TI - In vivo release of eosinophil chemoattractant activity in human allergic skin reactions. AB - A search was made for in vivo release of factor(s) that may be responsible for prominent eosinophil accumulations in human allergic skin reactions. Using a specially designed skin chamber appended to the base of unroofed skin blisters, we have found at ragweed-challenged sites in sensitive subjects the release of significantly greater histamine (15 +/- 3 ng/ml) than at control sites (3 +/- 0.5 ng/ml). Eosinophil accumulation after 2 hr was also significantly greater on membrane filters appended to ragweed-challenged sites than control sites (55 +/- 15 vs 4 +/- 0.5). Intradermal injection of ultrafiltrates of the chamber fluids from antigen-challenged sites, but not of fluids from control sites, induced prominent eosinophil accumulation (mean = 25/mm2) when injected intradermally in autologous uninvolved skin. Neither ultrafiltered antigen solution nor histamine (employed in concentrations similar to those released in the chambers) evoked such in vivo responses when injected intradermally in the same subjects (mean = less than 1/mm2). The eosinophil responses to injected ultrafiltered chamber fluid from antigen-challenged sites peaked at 30 min, whereas even greater eosinophil responses to unaltered antigen started after 60 min. These findings suggest that in vivo release of a low m.w. factor or factors other than histamine is very likely responsible for at least part of the in vivo eosinophil accumulation in human allergic reaction sites. Additional findings suggest that a significant portion of the time lag between intradermal antigen and dermal eosinophil accumulation is encompassed by local mediator release. PMID- 7252150 TI - Linkage of total deficiency of the second component (C2) of the complement system and of genetic C2-polymorphism to the major histocompatibility complex of the guinea pig. AB - In the guinea pig six common phenotypes for hemolytically active C2 were detected. They resulted from three allotypic variants: a basic C2B and two more acidic variants C2A and C2A1. (The gene frequency for C2B in the outbred population was 0.36, 0.33 for C2A, and 0.31 for C2A1.) These variants were inherited as autosomal codominant traits. A strong linkage-disequilibrium between C2 and C4 allotypes was observed consisting of the pairs C2A1-C4F. C2A-C4S, whereas C2B was associated with either C4S or C4S1. To investigate the linkage of C2 to the MHC a family of strain 2 X strain OM3 was studied: the C2B allotype segregated with the strain haplotype of OM3 whereas C2A1 does the same with the strain 2 haplotype. During the C2-typing, an animal totally deficient in hemolytic C2 activity was discovered. Its C1, C4, C3, C5, factors B, D, and H were normal. Breeding yielded finally homozygous and heterozygous-deficient individuals. The latter ones exhibited 50 to 60% of the hemolytic activity of normal guinea pigs. Combined typing data of C4, C2 and GPLA showed that the deficient gene behaved like a rare, silent allele of C2, which is GPLA-linked and inherited like the normal C2-variants. An antiserum against C2 was raised in C2 deficient animals, which reacted with normal guinea pig serum but not with serum from C2-deficient animals. No cross-reactivity with human or mouse serum could be detected. PMID- 7252151 TI - Lymphocyte transformation and the number of antigen-responsive cells in humans. AB - The lymphocyte transformation response of normal human subjects to the antigen streptokinase/streptodornase (SK/SD) was analyzed by quantitating antigen responsive cells (ARC), estimating the first generation lymphocyte response (FGLR), and performing standard lymphocyte transformation assays at different time points. Unlike the results obtained with the nonspecific mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA), the response to SK/SD appeared to depend almost entirely on the participation of progeny lymphocytes derived from a small number (mean of 21.3 +/- 5.8 per 100,000 mononuclear cells) of cells initially sensitive to the antigen. Similar peak lymphocyte transformation responses were obtained for the 2 stimuli, although those to SK/SD occurred later. Lymphocyte transformation data obtained after a shorter than optimal culture period (6 days) appeared to be a better estimate of ARC than the data obtained at the peak of the response of ARC than the data obtained at the peak of the responses did. However, ARC were best estimated by determining the FGLR or the number of days required for the lymphocyte transformation response to reach its peak. PMID- 7252152 TI - Antigens of Ambrosia elatior (short ragweed) pollen. II. Immunochemical identification of known antigens by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 7252153 TI - Increased Fc receptor activity in monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a study of monocyte binding and catabolism of soluble aggregates of IgG in vitro. AB - We studied the binding and catabolic function of adherent monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and normal subjects using stable, heat aggregates of IgG125I (A-IgG) as a model for soluble immune complexes. Scatchard plots of 4 degrees C binding data showed that RA monocytes had increased binding avidity and higher maximal binding capacity for A-IgG compared with monocytes from normal subjects. These data suggest that RA monocytes have increased numbers of Fc receptors for IgG, although a concomitant increase in the avidity of individual Fc receptors could not be excluded. At 37 degrees C, RA monocytes; kinetic analysis suggested that increases in catabolized A-IgG were due to increased binding of A-IgG with no change in the fractional rates of catabolism. Latex titers of RA patients correlated with the number of Fc receptors detected on RA monocytes. Mononuclear phagocytes from RA patients are often exposed to endogenous immune complexes that may be present in the blood of such patients; immune complexes may stimulate monocytes and possibly other mononuclear phagocytes to increase their capacity to bind and catabolize soluble immune complexes. PMID- 7252154 TI - Purification and radiolabeling of human C1q. AB - A new procedure for isolating human C1q from serum or plasma is described. The method, that is highly selective, rapid and involves minimal handling, yields fully active, immunoglobulin-free unaggregated C1q. Several different methods of radiolabeling C1q are compared. These include two methods selective for tyrosine residues, two that label lysine residues, and a method that labels sialic acid residues. The effect of each of the labeling procedures on C1q hemolytic activity was assessed. Also appraised for each method was the ability of the labeled molecules to bind to antibody sensitized cells and to interact with C1r and C1s to form C1. The distribution of each of the radiolabels among the three polypeptide chains of C1q and between the collagenous and globular regions of C1q was determined. Methods were identified that selectively labeled the globular portion of either the A or C polypeptide chain of the C1q molecule without loss of functional activity. Another of the methods labeled all three polypeptide chains relatively uniformly without significant loss of activity. PMID- 7252155 TI - Growth of 17D yellow fever virus in a macrophage-like cell line, U937: role of Fc and viral receptors in antibody-mediated infection. AB - Growth characteristics of 17D yellow fever virus (17D-YF) and conditions for infection were studied in U937, a macrophage-like, Fc receptor-bearing continuous human cell line. Antibody to 17D-YF was obtained by immunization of normal subjects with 17D-YF vaccine. Cells were infected in the presence or absence of immune whole sera or immunoglobulin fractions. Infection of U937 was temperature dependent; the yield of virus was variable but at low temperature viral titers were consistently higher when infection was established in the presence of antibody. Results of infectious center assays indicated that the increased yield of virus was largely or entirely due to an increase in the number of cells producing virus early in the course of infection. Enhancement of viral growth was mediated by IgG but not IgM fractions of immune sera. Trypsinization of U937 resulted in a 90 to 95% reduction of infection in the absence of antibody but in the presence of antibody viral titers were higher in trypsinized than in nontrypsinized cells. Antibody to 17D-YF, contained in the whole IgG fraction of sera, bound to U937 to mediate infection without first being complexed to virus. Preincubation of U937 with IgG1 but not IgG2 myeloma proteins abrogated antibody mediated infection. This result is compatible with the known affinities of U937 Fc receptors for specific subclasses of IgG and provides evidence for the role of the Fc receptor in antibody-mediated enhancement of viral growth. Persistent infection characterized by a lack of detectable cytopathogenic effect was established in long-term cultures of U937. This pattern of infection might be related to the unique effectiveness of the 17D-YF vaccine. PMID- 7252156 TI - The induction of tolerance and suppression in autoimmune MRL mice using hapten modified self. AB - Disturbances in suppressor cell function have been considered important in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a conclusion supported by studies with New Zealand mice. To determine whether other SLE mice display similar immunoregulatory defects, we investigated the susceptibility of autoimmune MRL mice to unresponsiveness induced by hapten-modified self (HMS). The response of splenocytes from MRL-lpr/lpr mice (lpr) was compared with those of sex- and age-matched, congenic MRL-+/+ mice (+/+), and H-2-identical (H-2k) CBA/J mice. Spleen cells (NSC) were cultured in vitro with hapten-modified syngeneic splenocytes (TNP-SC) and tested for responsiveness to TNP-LPS (for tolerance) or their ability to suppress the response of fresh cells. There was no difference in the susceptibility of lpr splenocytes from 3- and 10-mo-old mice to the induction of tolerance or suppression when compared with those from age matched +/+ or CBA mice. To evaluate any quantitative defects in the responsiveness of lpr splenocytes to HMS, we modified the conditions under which suppressor activity was generated. Varying the ratio of NSC to TNP-SC from 10:1 to 2000:1, or changing the concentration of TNBS for haptenation from 10 mM to 0.5 mM per 10(8) spleen cells revealed no differences in the dose-response curves of lpr splenocytes for both tolerance and suppression when compared with those of the CBA. These results indicate that clinically affected MRL mice have intact suppressor cell activity in response to antigen-modified self and suggest a possible therapeutic role of this modality in inducing tolerance to self antigens. PMID- 7252158 TI - Measurement of the cytotoxicity of human lymphocytes using HeLa cells as target. PMID- 7252157 TI - Selective desensitization of neutrophils: further studies with 1-O-alkyl-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine analogues. AB - Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils aggregate and degranulate in response to 2 recently described platelet-activating phospholipids: 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-O-alkyl-2-O-ethyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Here, we find that the 2 phospholipids can also desensitize neutrophils. Thus, cells incubated with either phosphocholine for 1 to 5 min in the absence of calcium and magnesium (which are required for aggregation) did not aggregate when exposed to the bivalent cations and fresh lipid stimulus. Also, cells incubated with either lipid for 5 min in the absence of cytochalasin B (which is required for degranulation) did not degranulate when exposed to cytochalasin B and fresh lipid stimulus. However, these desensitized neutrophils aggregated and degranulated fully in response to the chemotactic oligopeptide N-formyl-methionyl leucylphenylalanine and C5a. In relation to the aggregation response, this selective desensitization was not due to lipid inactivation; it persisted after thorough cell washing; and it was not induced by a nonaggregating analogue, 1-O alkyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine. Furthermore, cells desensitized to the formylated oligopeptide or C5a (by preincubation with either stimulus in the absence of bivalent cations) did not aggregate when challenged with the oligopeptide or C5a, respectively, but exhibited a normal or enhanced aggregation response to the 2 active phospholipids. These data support the concept that C5a, formylated oligopeptides, and phosphocholines represent 3 distinct classes of stimulants that activate and densensitize neutrophils by at least partially independent pathways. This activation and desensitization may be mediated by 3 types of cellular receptors, each of which interacts with only 1 class of stimuli. PMID- 7252159 TI - Measurement of lymphocyte cytotoxicity by assessing endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity of the target cells. PMID- 7252160 TI - Some characteristics of natural cytostatic mouse splenocytes. AB - Murine B16 melanoma cells and metastasis variants of this tumor are resistant to NK activity mediated by normal splenocytes. The B16 cells are, however, sensitive to splenocyte-mediated cytostasis. Cytostasis was measured by a [125I]UDR incorporation-inhibition [(125I]UDR I-I) assay. The main characteristics of the [125I[UDR I-I assay and of the cells mediating it are as follows: The activity is mediated by splenocytes but not by thymocytes, it is not syngeneically restricted and it does not decrease with age. The presence of effector cells is required as splenocyte supernatants or supernatants of effector-target cell mixtures do not cause [125I]UDR I-I. The activity is probably mediated by at least 2 populations of non-phagocytic splenocytes. The first population adheres to plastic surfaces and to Sephadex G-10 columns while the other does not. The sensitivity to [125I]UDR I-I of the high metastasis B16 variant was similar to that of the low metastasis variant. PMID- 7252161 TI - The incorporation of high pH euglobulin precipitation in the isolation of C1q. PMID- 7252163 TI - Isolation of large numbers of highly purified lymphocytes and monocytes with a modified centrifugal elutriation technique. AB - A modified centrifugal elutriation technique is described for the isolation of large numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes. Elutriation was carried out by lowering the rotor speed at a constant flow rate which was generated by hydrostatic pressure. The flow rate could be kept constant if the separation procedure was performed at high pressure and high systemic resistance. Up to 2.3 X 10(9) mononuclear cells derived from 2000 ml blood were separated in one single experiment in approximately 1 h. The lymphocytes and monocytes were isolated at purities of 98 +/- 1% and 94 +/- 1% respectively. The purity of the lymphocytes was increased to 99.8 +/- 0.1% by a second elutriation run. Additional advantages of the elutriation procedures are that the choice of medium is free, and that relatively large numbers of cells may be separated with high recoveries. PMID- 7252164 TI - Detection of immune complexes using a solid-phase C1q polystyrene ball assay. AB - A polystyrene ball C1q solid-phase assay (PSB C1q SPA) has been developed for quantitating immune complexes in human serum. While similar to the previously reported solid-phase C1q assays in principle, the use of polystyrene balls with a specular finish has resulted in an assay with significantly improved accuracy, sensitivity and reproducibility. The sensitivity of the assay based on the amount of AHGG bound per microgram C1q added was approximately 12-fold higher in the PSB assay compared to the polystyrene tube solid-phase C1q method. In order to correct for variable background contributions in different samples, values obtained with heat-inactivated C1q were subtracted from each experimental result. Reproducibility studies yielded a coefficient of variation (CV) of 10 and 4% in day-to-day assays using 25 microgram and 100 microgram AHGG/ml normal serum, respectively compared to 11--15% for the tube technique. Within run measurements gave a CV of 37 and 20% at the low and high levels of AHGG. Aggregated human gamma-globulin (AHGG) was used as a model immune complex and when chromatographed on Biogel A-15m yielded major fractions at greater than or equal to 15,000,000 and 150,000 daltons. Maximum binding of AHGG to PSB C1q occurred with aggregates greater than 15,000,000 daltons. Optimum binding of human albumin-anti-albumin complexes in the PSB C1q SPA occurred at a molar ratio of 1 : 1.5. The size distribution of this complex active in the assay determined by sucrose density gradients was 14--32 S with peaks at 21 and 27 S. A normal range of immune complexes was determined as 15 +/- 8 microgram AHGG equivalents (+/- 2 S.D., n = 65). Approximately 70% of rheumatoid arthritis, linear scleroderma, vasculitis, Sjogren's and glomerulonephritis and 40% of SLE patients were above 2 S.D. of normal. SLE patients demonstrated elevations in immune complexes only during periods of increased disease severity. The assay was a useful monitor of plasmapheresis in an SLE patient, showing decreases in immune complexes after each plasmapheresis. DNA did not interfere with AHGG binding whereas lipemia prevented detection of added AHGG. PMID- 7252165 TI - A solid phase, direct competition, radioimmunoassay for quantitation of secretory IgA in human serum. AB - A solid phase radioimmunoassay is described for measurement of secretory IgA (sIgA) in human serum. The assay is based on direct competition between sIgA in serum and purified labelled milk sIgA for anti-secretory-component antibodies coated on disposable plastic cups. The assay is relatively rapid, reproducible and of adequate sensitivity. A wide range of sIgA concentrations (5--120 microgram/ml) can be tested with the same dilution of human serum. The arithmetic mean +/- S.D. of the serum sIgA levels of 120 random blood donors (both sexes) was 10.9 +/- 4.6 microgram/ml. Compared to previously published methods and results of quantitation of sIgA in human sera, the present assay is an improvement which should yield interesting data in human hepatic physiopathology. PMID- 7252166 TI - Isolation of mast cells from murine peritoneal cell populations by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity. PMID- 7252162 TI - Statistical evaluation of the lymphocyte proliferation assay with non-stimulated cultures. AB - A micromethod for the lymphoproliferative assay has been evaluated statistically with non-stimulated human lymphocyte combinations. Different variance components were estimated by means of a hierarchical analysis of variance. Instead of using an arbitrary value for a significant difference between stimulated and non stimulated cultures, the value can be calculated on the basis of the components of variance in the experimental design. The method disclosed systematic differences between the values of control cultures depending on the lymphocyte combinations and groups of persons examined, which underlines that every experiment should always contain non-stimulated cultures. Further, cell-cell cooperation and differences in spontaneous DNA synthesis within individual lymphocyte populations could be demonstrated. PMID- 7252167 TI - Radial counter-immunoelectrophoresis for rapid sero-diagnosis of typhoid fever. AB - Serum samples were collected from 24 confirmed cases of typhoid fever and 23 normal healthy controls. Convalescent sera from the patients were obtained, wherever possible, one week after the first sample. In all, 13 paired sera, 11 acute phase only and 23 normal serum samples were tested for ability to elicit precipitins to Salmonella typhi by radial counter-immunoelectrophoresis using cellulose acetate membranes. In addition, conventional counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was performed using agar-gel layer for comparison. One of 24 acute phase sera gave positive results whereas all 13 convalescent sera were positive by both methods. The radial CIE test may be useful for rapid sero diagnosis of typhoid fever as it takes only 4 min and can be used to screen large numbers of serum samples from patients suspected of typhoid fever. PMID- 7252168 TI - A simplified two-dimensional electrophoretic technique. AB - The two-dimensional electrophoretic O'Farrell technique can be simplified in terms of effort and equipment. This simplification derives mainly from the fact that the first dimension (isoelectric focusing) is run in a vertical slab gel. Since all tracks are cast in a single template, a reproducible and uniform first dimension is obtained, allowing easy and accurate comparison among tracks after standard staining and/or radioautographic procedures. After the first dimension, the focused tracks are cut and, following equilibration, simply laid on top of the second dimensional slab gel, whose spacers are 0.1 mm thicker than those used in the first separation. Thus, basically the same equipment can be used for both dimensions. This modified technique has been experimentally validated since it has allowed the detection of structural variants of two proteins related to the mouse complement system, namely, the fourth component and the sex-limited protein. PMID- 7252169 TI - Comparison of immunoelectrophoretic techniques for the analysis of cytosol antigens. AB - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was employed in the analysis of cytosol antigens of a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line. Other immunoelectrophoretic techniques - crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the presence of Ampholine (incorporation of Ampholine in the first dimension electrophoresis gel), crossed immunotachophoresis and crossed immunoelectrofocusing - were also investigated ad compared with crossed immunoelectrphoresis in an attempt to select the optimal immunoelectrophoretic system for the analysis of cytosol antigens. The results of these comparisons showed that each technique offered its own advantages. The maximum number of immunoprecipitin peaks were detected by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Both crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the presence of Ampholine and crossed immunotachophoresis provided the greatest resolution of electrophoretically similar antigens. Crossed immunoelectrofocusing provided IP values for these antigens. It was concluded that these techniques, when employed in combination, provided a more complete analysis of the complex cytosol antigenic mixture and may be useful when employed in combination to other antigen antibody systems. PMID- 7252170 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against the H-Y antigen on murine sperm. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using murine spermatozoa and thymocytes is described for the detection of anti-H-Y antibodies. ELISA is more sensitive and reproducible than cytotoxicity and the PA-SRBC test. It is particularly useful for the rapid screening of a large number of samples. PMID- 7252171 TI - The quantitation of parasite-specific human IgG and IgE in sera: evaluation of solid-phase RIA and ELISA methodology. AB - We have developed a non-competitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) to quantitate both human IgE and IgG antibodies against soluble adult antigens of Brugia malayi (B.m.), a filarial parasite causing extensive infection throughout the tropics. Previously enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) had been used to detect microgram/ml levels of IgG anti-B.m., but IgE antibodies were difficult to detect in this system. Since the SPRIA successfully quantitates both IgG and IgE anti-B.m., we sought to examine the reasons for the SPRIA's apparent superiority in detecting IgE anti-B.m. by extracting specific IgG from sera with high levels of IgE and IgG anti-B.m. antibodies. IgE anti-B.m. was then quantitated in these sera using both the SPRIA and ELISA methods. Results indicate that IgG anti-B.m. does not interfere with detection of specific IgE antibody in the SPRIA but does interfere in the ELISA. While ELISA permits detection of IgE anti-B.m. in the absence of competing IgG anti-B.m., as levels of specific IgG increase, the IgE is no longer detectable. These differences between SPRIA and ELISA can be explained by the SPRIA's antigen excess conditions which assure that there are sufficient antigens both to detect all anti-B.m. antibodies present in the serum and to adequately represent all antigen specificities in the crude B.m. extract. Our findings commend the use of SPRIA methods over ELISA in assessment of B.m.-specific IgE antibody in filariasis and indicate a potential role for SPRIA methods in absolute quantitation of specific serum antibodies. PMID- 7252172 TI - Mixed agglutination on solid phase (MASP) and its inhibition (IMASP): two immunoassays for soluble ABH group-specific substances. AB - Two immunoassays are described: mixed agglutination on solid phase (MASP) and inhibition of mixed agglutination on solid phase (IMASP). The MASP assay permits detection and measurement of soluble A, B and H high molecular weight glycoproteins in secretor individuals with a sensitivity at least 800 times greater than the usual inhibition technique. Both secretors and non-secretors can be typed by the less sensitive IMASP test which also permits the detection of low molecular weight A, B and H substances. PMID- 7252173 TI - Isolation of a papain-solubilised major transplantation antigen from rat leukaemic cells. AB - The major transplantation antigen of the PVG rat, Rt-1c, has been isolated from PVG leukaemic cells in milligram quantities for use in biological experiments related to transplantation. A 3-stage isolation procedure was developed involving the preparation of plasma membranes, digestion of the membranes with papain to release an active fragment of the Rt-1c antigen and fractionation of the digest on Sephacryl columns to give an active product. Activity was followed by a newly developed inhibition assay in which extracts of cells were incubated with a reference anti-PVG antiserum, excess unreacted antibody being quantitated by radioactive binding to PVG leukaemic cells glutaraldehyde-fixed to flexible microtitre plates. In addition to Rt-1c the preparation contained a second glycoprotein component. The preparation shows allelic specificity in that it inhibits the binding of anti-PVG antiserum to PVG cells, but not the binding of anti-DA serum to DA cells. The preparation represents a 16% yield of the activity of the cells from which it was derived. PMID- 7252174 TI - Human lymphocyte transformation induced by mitogens and antigens in a serum-free tissue culture system. AB - The use of serum to supplement lymphocyte tissue culture media introduces uncontrolled variables; different serum sources, lots and concentrations can produce variability in experimental results, serum can stimulate or inhibit lymphocytes, and components of serum can react with substances whose effects on lymphocytes are being studied. To avoid these problems, we studied the ability of human peripheral mononuclear cells to survive and to respond to stimulation in an entirely synthetic medium, RPMI-1640 supplemented with L-glutamine, gentamicin, HEPES buffer and magnesium. Optimal cell concentration in this serum-free RPMI 1640 was 2.5 x 10(6) cells/ml, whereas optimal cell concentration in serum containing RPMI-1640 was 1 x 10(6) cells/ml. In this serum-free RPMI-1640, 50% of the cellular input was recovered as viable cells after 7 days of culture, which was similar to results in serum containing RPMI-1640. Mononuclear cell transformation transformation was induced by phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, streptolysin O and candida. Optimal doses of stimulants and the kinetics of the responses were similar in serum-free and serum containing RPMI 1640. This system can be used to avoid the problems inherent in systems which supplement tissue culture media with serum. PMID- 7252175 TI - The quantification of neutrophil orientation and migration under agarose--a new method for detecting directed and random movements. PMID- 7252176 TI - Antibody coating of liposomes with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)carbodiimide and the effect on target specificity. AB - Liposome surfaces were modified with normal rabbit IgG or rabbit anti-sheep erythrocyte IgG by adsorption or by coupling with a water soluble cross-linking reagent, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDCI). Modification with normal IgG reduced the non-specific binding of the liposomes to erythrocytes. The immunological binding capacity of the immune IgG on liposomes was better for the chemically coupled preparation than for the adsorbed one. Complement dependent cytolytic activity of the immune IgG towards target erythrocytes was diminished as a consequence of liposome binding by either method, but to a lesser extent in the coupling method. Antibody coating by EDCI thus provides liposomes which can bind effectively to antigenic target cells. PMID- 7252177 TI - A solid-phase assay for circulating immune complexes using monoclonal rheumatoid factors and peroxidase-linked protein A. AB - A solid-phase monoclonal rheumatoid factor (mRF) assay for circulating immune complexes (IC) is described. Microtiter plates are coated with mRF, serum diluted 1 : 40 is added, and complexed IgG is detected with protein A coupled to peroxidase. Selective binding was obtained with aggregated human gamma-globulin and soluble IC prepared in vitro. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation studies indicate that mRF binds intermediate-size IC (between 7S and 19S). Abnormal levels of IC were found in 78% of sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 67% with systemic lupus erythematosus, and 87% with subacute bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 7252178 TI - Immunological protection against ajmaline toxicity. AB - In search for an effective treatment of human poisonings with ajmaline, a potent antiarrhythmic drug, the use of specific antibodies as neutralizing agents was explored in a preliminary animal model. For this purpose, New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with the antigen obtained after coupling the 17 hemisuccinate ester of ajmaline-21-acetate to bovine serum albumin, whereas other rabbits were immunized with the protein carrier only. While seven control rabbits receiving 0.625 mg/kg/min. ajmaline intravenously until death, died within 54.8 +/- 5.2 min. death was delayed until 137.7 +/- 15.5 min in seven ajmaline bovine serum albumin-immunized rabbits (p less than 0.001). Three bovine serum albumin immunized rabbits behaved as controls. These results provide evidence that an immunological protection against ajmaline toxicity can be obtained in laboratory animals. PMID- 7252179 TI - Corynebacterium parvum treatment of P388 tumor-bearing mice. I. Lysosomal enzyme levels in adherent peritoneal cells and peritoneal lavage fluid. AB - BDF1 mice treated with Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) 2 days before an implant of 106 P388 leukemic cells had up to an 110% increase in survival time above control; Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment was ineffective. Acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were measured in adherent peritoneal lavage cells and beta-glucuronidase in peritoneal lavage fluid form mice treated with C. parvum or BCG 2 days before the implant of P388 cells. In the presence of the tumor, adherent peritoneal cells from C. parvum-treated animals had a 250-300% increased specific lysosomal enzyme activity above control values (cells form animals receiving tumor implant alone). Peak enzyme activity which occurred on day 3 was not present in adherent cells from BCG-treated tumor-bearing animals or the control animals. The beta-glucuronidase activity in peritoneal lavage fluid was elevated by the tumor cells, BCG, or C. parvum. Peak levels occurred on day 5 regardless of the treatment with an additive effect present on day 5 in animals receiving the combination of tumor with C. parvum. The evidence indicated the development of a different pattern of enhanced lysosomal enzyme activity if the immunopotentiator protected against the P388 tumor vs one that did not. Protection was associated with an increase in lysosomal enzyme activity in adherent cells with no increase in lavage fluid in the presence of tumor cells. Changes in cellular enzyme activity may prove to be diagnostic for antitumor activity by an immunostimulant. PMID- 7252180 TI - Corynebacterium parvum treatment of P388 tumor-bearing mice. II. Lysosomal enzyme levels associated with P388 tumor cells. AB - The number of tumor cells recovered form the peritoneal cavity of mice administered Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum), Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) or saline 2 days before tumor implant was assessed on days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 following the intraperitoneal (ip) administration of 10(6) P388 leukemic cells. C. parvum-treated mice manifested a significant decrease in the number of tumor cells recovered from the peritoneal cavity on days 3-7, while BCG-treated mice had tumor cell yields comparable to saline control values. Lysosomal enzyme activity (acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase) in the nonadherent lavage cell population, which comprised tumor cells and host cells obtained form tumor bearing animals, closely reflected the changes observed in tumor cell numbers and was initially assumed to be associated with tumor cells. When lysosomal enzyme activity was expressed as a function of the number of tumor cells or cellular protein, an enhanced activity following C. parvum treatment but not following BCG treatment was demonstrated. Enzyme activity associated with tumor cells was maximal 2 days prior to the profound depression in tumor cell maximal 2 days prior to the profound depression in tumor cell yield and may be associated with tumor cell killing. It is concluded that a correlation may exist between lysosomal enzyme activity, tumor cell numbers and the protective effect of the immunostimulant C. parvum. Whether the correlation is direct or indirect remains to be resolved. PMID- 7252181 TI - Styrene epoxide intermediate as a possible stimulant of lymphocytic function. AB - Mice treated with styrene showed an increased lymphocyte transformation in splenic cell cultures. The effects were observed both on spontaneous transformation and phytomitogen induced blast formation. Addition of styrene oxide directly to splenic cultures, but not of styrene, increased blast formation at low concentrations but was cytotoxic at high concentrations. In this test system styrene exhibited a generalized immunostimulation. In vitro data suggest that this effect of styrene is mediated possibly through its conversion to styrene oxide, its transient metabolic intermediate. PMID- 7252182 TI - Annual convocation of IMA College of General Practitioners. Presidential Address. PMID- 7252183 TI - Study of gastric secretion and peptic ulcer in hepatic cirrhosis. PMID- 7252184 TI - The current practice and evaluation of surgery in retinal detachment. PMID- 7252185 TI - Radiological diagnostic sign in a complicated pulmonary hydatid cyst. PMID- 7252186 TI - Haemangioma of the ovary. PMID- 7252187 TI - Supernumerary breast. PMID- 7252188 TI - Problem of cardiac pacing in India. PMID- 7252189 TI - Cardiac pacing in India (a perspective and prospective study). PMID- 7252191 TI - Periareolar breast abscess in women. PMID- 7252192 TI - Treacher Collins' syndrome. PMID- 7252190 TI - Mushroom (Amanita phalloides) poisoning with special reference to serum enzyme levels. PMID- 7252195 TI - Breast lump. PMID- 7252193 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma in a horse-shoe kidney. PMID- 7252196 TI - Research in diabetes care. PMID- 7252194 TI - Tumoral calcinosis. PMID- 7252198 TI - Heat hyperpyrexia. PMID- 7252197 TI - A survey of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and some of its correlates in a Maharashtra village. PMID- 7252199 TI - Ascarial multiple enteric intussusception. PMID- 7252201 TI - Sickle cell anaemia in a Bengalee family. PMID- 7252200 TI - Paracephalic acardiac monster. PMID- 7252202 TI - An unusual case of squamoid hyperplasia of heel simulating carcinoma. PMID- 7252203 TI - Fever in Indian kala-azar: the type and the delayed response to therapy. PMID- 7252204 TI - Prematurity-a study in a regional hospital. PMID- 7252205 TI - Prognostic significance of age in carcinoma breast. PMID- 7252206 TI - Hypercalcaemia of malignancy. PMID- 7252208 TI - Spinal anomalies in developmental bone diseases. PMID- 7252207 TI - Tuberculosis in children: involvement of paratracheal lymph nodes. PMID- 7252209 TI - Cell-mediated immune alterations in uraemics before and after haemodialysis. PMID- 7252210 TI - Tubal anastomosis after tubectomy. PMID- 7252211 TI - Chronic duodenal ileus due to tuberculosis stricture--a rare cause. PMID- 7252212 TI - Replantation of anterior teeth. PMID- 7252213 TI - Premature baby. PMID- 7252214 TI - Naturally occurring ABO antibodies in Kanpur (U.P.). PMID- 7252215 TI - Serum protein including immunoglobulin pattern in acute diarrhoeal disease of infancy and childhood. PMID- 7252216 TI - Current concept of short-term chemotherapy of tuberculosis. PMID- 7252218 TI - Sheehan's syndrome with red cell aplasia. PMID- 7252217 TI - Amoebic liver abscess (radiological visualisation). PMID- 7252219 TI - Acute abdomen due to Taenia. PMID- 7252220 TI - Delayed recurrence of seminoma testis. PMID- 7252222 TI - Social obstetrics and obstetricians. PMID- 7252221 TI - Thiopentone hypersensitivity. PMID- 7252223 TI - Seronegative spondarthritis. PMID- 7252224 TI - Preparation and properties of antisera to Mph-1, the mouse macrophage alloantigen. AB - Mph-1 is an alloantigen demonstrable on mouse peritoneal macrophages. Two lines, B10M.I and C.I, have been bred for use with strains I/StDa or BALB/c to produce appropriate alloantisera. Optimal immunization procedures for production of anti Mph-1.2 (the common antigen) are described. Antisera against Mph-1.1 have so far been obtained only erratically. Antisera show complement dependent cytotoxicity against normal peritoneal macrophages and cultured blood monocytes but have no obvious effect on peritoneal lymphocytes or cultured blood neutrophils. Absorption studies show that cell for cell normal peritoneum has about fifteen times more antigen than lymph node, spleen, liver or bone marrow and at least eighty times more than thymus. We were unable to use the antiserum to cause passive enhancement of skin grafts in mice. PMID- 7252225 TI - Differential susceptibility of spleen cells from C3/HeN (H-2k) and C3HfB/HeN (H 2kv1) mouse strains to cytotoxicity by monoclonal anti-Kk antibody (clone 11-4). PMID- 7252227 TI - On the prevention of amputations. PMID- 7252226 TI - Dividing income in a group practice: medical practice management. PMID- 7252228 TI - Medical anti-shock trousers. PMID- 7252229 TI - Carotid aneurysm: a case report. PMID- 7252231 TI - Diagnosis, staging and management of malignancies using CT and lymphography. PMID- 7252230 TI - Sonographic findings on chronic intussusception in the adult. PMID- 7252232 TI - Health manpower: reactions to GMENAC report. PMID- 7252233 TI - Tax-exempt bonds: who, when and how much. PMID- 7252234 TI - The I.U. School of Medicine Library: a facility that offers its services statewide. PMID- 7252235 TI - Nonthoracotomy diagnostic techniques. PMID- 7252236 TI - Practical management of the cigarette-smoking patient. PMID- 7252237 TI - The placement of a Le Veen shunt into the right atrial appendage: a new solution to a clinical problem. PMID- 7252238 TI - Alcohol and alcoholism. PMID- 7252239 TI - The five fingers of cardiology. Angina pectoris. PMID- 7252240 TI - Enzyme defects in the porphyrias and their relevance to the biochemical abnormalities in these disorders. AB - Defects in enzymes of the heme biosynthesis pathway underlie the biochemical abnormalities which occur in the porphyrias. Porphyrins and porphyrin precursors are accumulated and excreted in excessive amounts because of the enzyme defects. This is illustrated by studies in protoporphyria and variegate porphyria, disorders in which the biochemical abnormalities indicate a defect(s) in the terminal part of the heme biosynthesis pathway. The activity of heme synthease (ferrochelatase), which catalyzes the chelation of ferrous iron to protoporphyrin, is deficient in tissues of patients with protoporphyria. This causes protoporphyrin to be accumulated and excreted excessively. In variegate porphyria protoporphyrinogen oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin, appears to be defective. As a result, protoporphyrinogen may be excreted in increased amounts in bile, where it is subsequently auto-oxidized to protoporphyrin. The following questions have arisen as a result of the demonstrations of enzyme defects in tissues of patients with porphyria: (1) Will different defects in the same enzyme be found among patients who fulfill the clinical and biochemical criteria for diagnosis of a specific porphyria? That is, does genetic heterogeneity exist in each of the porphyrias? (2) Why do some patients with an enzyme defect not have biochemical abnormalities? (3) Why is one type of tissue, usually the liver, the major site of expression of the biochemical abnormality, when the enzyme defect can be demonstrated in all tissues? PMID- 7252241 TI - Treatment of the porphyrias: mechanisms of action. AB - The porphyrias are diseases that result from inherited or acquired abnormalities of porphyrin-heme synthesis in the liver and the bone marrow. Only the hepatic porphyrias are known to be aggravated by exposure to a variety of exogenous drugs and chemicals. Simple avoidance of these agents will reduce the risk of developing hepatic porphyria and may lead to clinical improvement in patients with active disease. Some types of therapy of the hepatic porphyrias are effective because of their ability to modulate the activity of delta aminolevulinic acid synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for heme synthesis. Most of the porphyrias are associated with cutaneous photosensitivity, the treatment of which centers about either reducing the excessive production of porphyrins or of inhibiting the photobiological response to these photosensitizing chemicals in the skin. PMID- 7252242 TI - Fluorescence methods in the diagnosis and management of diseases of tetrapyrrole metabolism. AB - Under appropriate conditions fluorescent porphyrins and bilirubin present in blood and other body fluids can be examined spectrofluorometrically without prior extraction. Uses of such direct fluorescence spectroscopy of porphyrins and bilirubin in studies and diagnoses of diseases associated with abnormal or impaired heme synthesis and metabolism are reviewed. The method of "front-face" fluorometry which allows quantitative assays of fluorescent porphyrins and bilirubin in small undiluted blood specimens is described. PMID- 7252243 TI - Photoradiation therapy for cutaneous and subcutaneous malignancies. AB - Photoradiation therapy (PRT) using hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) as the photosensitizing agent is being developed for local treatment of a wide variety of malignant lesions including those involving the skin. The largest group of patients in this category are those with metastatic breast carcinoma in which 34/35 showed response to PRT. Other patients showing response to PRT are those with basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 7252244 TI - Epigenetic and genetic factors in the cellular response to radiations and DNA damaging chemicals. AB - DNA-damaging agents are widely used as therapeutic tools for a variety of disease states. Many such agents are considered to produce detrimental side effects. Thus, it is important to evaluate both therapeutic efficacy and potential risk. DNA-damaging agents can be so evaluated by comparison to agents whose therapeutic benefit and potential hazards are better known. We propose a framework for such comparison, demonstrating that a simple transformation of cytotoxicity-dose response patterns permits a facile comparison of variation between cells exposed to a single DNA-damaging agent or to different cytotoxic agents. Further, by transforming data from experiments which compare responses of 2 cell populations to an effects ratio, different patterns for the changes in cytotoxicity produced by epigenetic and genetic factors were compared. Using these transformations, we found that there is a wide variation (a factor of 4) between laboratories for a single agent (UVC) and only a slightly larger variation (factor of 6) between normal cell response for different types of DNA-damaging agents (x-ray, UVC, alkylating agents, crosslinking agents). Epigenetic factors such as repair and recovery appear to be a factor only at higher dose levels. Comparison in the cytotoxic effect of a spectrum of DNA-damaging agents in xeroderma pigmentosum, ataxia telangiectasia, and Fanconi's anemia cells indicates significantly different patterns, implying that the effect, and perhaps the nature, of these genetic conditions are quite different. PMID- 7252245 TI - The optics of human skin. AB - An integrated review of the transfer of optical radiation into human skin is presented, aimed at developing useful models for photomedicine. The component chromophores of epidermis and stratum corneum in general determine the attenuation of radiation in these layers, moreso than does optical scattering. Epidermal thickness and melanization are important factors for UV wavelengths less than 300 nm, whereas the attenuation of UVA (320-400 nm) and visible radiation is primarily via melanin. The selective penetration of all optical wavelengths into psoriatic skin can be maximized by application of clear lipophilic liquids, which decrease regular reflectance by a refractive-index matching mechanism. Sensitivity to wavelengths less than 320 nm can be enhanced by prolonged aqueous bathing, which extracts urocanic acid and other diffusible epidermal chromophores. Optical properties of the dermis are modelled using the Kubelka-Munk approach, and calculations of scattering and absorption coefficients are presented. This simple approach allows estimates of the penetration of radiation in vivo using noninvasive measurements of cutaneous spectral remittance (diffuse reflectance). Although the blood chromophores Hb, HbO2, and bilirubin determine dermal absorption of wavelengths longer than 320 nm, scattering by collagen fibers largely determines the depths to which these wavelengths penetrate the dermis, and profoundly modifies skin colors. An optical "window" exists between 600 and 1300 nm, which offers the possibility of treating large tissue volumes with certain long-wavelength photosensitizers. Moreover, whenever photosensitized action spectra extend across the near UV and/or visible spectrum, judicious choice of wavelengths allows some selection of the tissue layers directly affected. PMID- 7252246 TI - Radiobiology of the skin: review of some effects on epidermis and hair. AB - Significant doses of ionizing radiation produce an acute skin reaction characterized by erythema, epilation, and dry or moist desquamation with or without erosions. These early acute changes are dose-dependent and reflect damage to the germinative cells of the epidermis and to the cutaneous vasculature. Studies in the pig, for example, have shown that the degenerative phase of cell loss (2-3 weeks) results from reproductive failure in germinative cells and a sharp reduction in the proliferation rate of basal cell "survivors." D0 values for epidermal cells in different species generally range from 100-140 rads. Cell maturation and ascension rates in the suprabasilar layers are largely unaffected. A regenerative phase of cell replacement, characterized by sharply increased cell replication rates, occurs from the 3rd to 5th postradiation weeks. The postregenerative phase of hyperplasia reflects a temporary overshoot of cell density above control levels; a subsequent decrease in hyperplasia indicates feedback control of cellular proliferation. Postradiation changes in the highly proliferative anagen hair matrix cell populations result in hair dysplasia, slowed growth rates, impaired metabolic processes, and alopecia. Dosages of 700 800 rads or more induce some degree of permanent hair loss. G0 telogen matrix cells are 2-3 times more radioresistant than proliferating anagen matrix cells, but may "store" radiation damage for prolonged periods. Altered matrix cell uptake of amino acids, the incidence of dysplasia, and the degree of alopecia occurring after irradiation have all been used as quantitative biological end points for the general study of cellular radiation effects, as well as studies on the enhancement of or protection against radiation damage provided by certain pharmacologic or physical agents. PMID- 7252247 TI - Photocarcinogenesis: an overview. AB - This paper reviews factors that have been reported to influence photocarcinogenesis in laboratory animals. Such factors include the sensitivity of the test animals, the amount of the ultraviolet radiation (UVR) delivered, the mode of its delivery, and interactions of other radiations or of chemicals in the process of carcinogenesis. New data are presented in these areas: reduction in the size of each unit dose (and thus an increase in dosing frequency) increases the carcinogenic effectiveness of a given lifetime dose; certain inbred strains of albino hairless mice exhibit heritable differences in their susceptibility; several chemicals are known to enhance photocarcinogenesis, but they appear to have so little in common, either structurally or functionally, that they offer limited guidance about which other compounds may be effective in this way. Prevention of long-term UVR effects on skin is a desirable goal; development of personal UVR dosimeters will aid in defining the quantitative nature of the problem; improved sunscreens should provide the means to achieve significant reduction in the incidence of UVR-induced human skin cancer. PMID- 7252248 TI - Effects of retinoids on ultraviolet-induced carcinogenesis. AB - The evidence for effects of the retinoids on UV-induced carcinogenesis is sparse. Clinical observations indicate that topical RA can cause significant regression of premalignant actinic keratoses. Also there is some evidence that this agent can cause dissolution of some basal cell epitheliomas. However this latter effect does not appear to be of therapeutic value. Systemic retinoids are of little value in the treatment of premalignant and malignant cutaneous lesions though 13 cis-retinoic acid might be of use in the basal cell nevus syndrome. Examination of the influence of the retinoids on photocarcinogenesis essentially has been confined to RA and animal experimentation. RA in nontoxic concentrations can both stimulate and inhibit photocarcinogenesis depending upon the circumstances of the study. The mechanisms of these responses are not clear. Influences on DNA synthesis directly and/or indirectly or on immune responses may be involved in both effects. Preliminary studies with oral 13-cis-retinoic acid have not demonstrated any effects to date on UV-induced skin cancer formation. PMID- 7252249 TI - Ultraviolet light and epidermal polyamines. AB - Numerous studies have indicated that the activities of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase (SAM.D) are increased in hyperplastic and neoplastic growth. The levels of the polyamines themselves, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are also often altered in these situations. Epidermal ODC activity is greatly elevated in response to tumor promoting chemicals and also in response to irradiation with short-wave length and mid-wave length ultraviolet. In addition, the levels of the epidermal polyamines change after mid-wavelength ultraviolet irradiation, leading to elevation of putrescine and spermidine, but depression of the spermine level. The spermidine to spermine ratio was significantly elevated after chronic ultraviolet irradiation. Preliminary studies on human skin also shows that mid wavelength ultraviolet light is capable of inducing ODC. Different pharmacological agents have been found to significantly inhibit the ultraviolet induction of epidermal ODC. Topical corticosteroids and indomethacin significantly inhibit ultraviolet induced opidermal ODC. In addition, retinoic acid inhibited the ultraviolet induction of this enzyme in some experimental situations. Long-wave length ultraviolet alone produced no significant induction of ODC, however, certain phototoxic drugs (8-methoxypsoralen and anthracene) in combination with long-wave length ultraviolet did induce epidermal ODC. It is possible that further studies of changing epidermal polyamine metabolism in response to ultraviolet and tumor promoting agents, may lead to a greater understanding of cutaneous carcinogenesis. PMID- 7252251 TI - Molecular basis of hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy. AB - Hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn results not only in visible yellow discoloration of the skin but, in high concentration, may cause bilirubin encephalopathy. Such damage to the central nervous system may be subtle and not apparent for several years, as with visual-motor perceptive defects; or it may cause severe neurologic damage (Kernicterus)--even death. Sick and immature infants are the most vulnerable to bilirubin toxicity. Although this condition affects nearly half of all newborns to some degree, only about 10% require treatment. Two methods of treatment are really effective in correcting hyperbilirubinemia, exchange blood transfusions, and/or phototherapy with light radiation in the blue part of the visible spectrum. If the rate of production of bilirubin is excessive or an infant's capacity to conjugate and excrete the pigment is deficient, bilirubin will accumulate in plasma, and will be taken up by other lipid-containing tissues, collagen, and (unless firmly bound to albumin) brain tissue. Many factors combine to raise plasma levels of bilirubin to toxic levels; for example, acidosis, sepsis, hypoxia, hemolysis, hypoalbuminemia, and certain competitive albumin binders. Bilirubin is photolabile in vivo, and if the whole body is irradiated with visible light in the absorption band (450-490 nm) of bilirubin, the pigment will undergo photocatabolism. Under phototherapy bilirubin undergoes photoisomerization at the meso double-bond to conformations less lipophyllic. It is now known that the major photo products of bilirubin IX alpha are an unresolved mixture of its E, Z and Z, E isomers, easily excreted by the liver. Thus, phototherapy will reduce the accumulation of bilirubin in skin and other tissues and in circulating plasma. PMID- 7252250 TI - Natural and artificial photoprotection. AB - A solar simulator is described with collimated filtered radiation incorporating an optical integrator to more evenly diffuse the xenon 2.5 KW light source. Populations can be catogorized into skin types I-VI and the minimal erythema dose (MED) in each skin type measured in Joules/cm2 was compared to give a relative suntan photoprotection factor or SPF compared with type I (1.0) so that type II had an SPF of 1.67, type III SPF of 2.5, type IV V had an SPF of nearly 4, whereas the darker Negroid skin (type VI) had an SPF of 9.68, or nearly 10 times that of type I. In addition, various studies were performed to determine the natural protection factor after natural sunlight (3 1/2 mo of summer sun). In 21 subjects the mean SPF was 2.33 when compared to the MED on unexposed skin on the buttocks. Five subjects who had received a mean total dose of 3.49 J/cm2 of UVB within a 4-week period had a mean SPF of 8.01 and 5 subjects who had received a mean total dose of 20 J/cm2 of UVA with PUVA therapy within 2 weeks had a mean SPF of 2.7. These studies were compared with the photoprotection ability of topical chemical protective agents with a range of 4-15. PMID- 7252252 TI - Preliminary report: modified Goeckerman therapy for hospitalized patients: ambulatory day care center and improved quantitative dosimetry. PMID- 7252253 TI - Phototherapy and photochemotherapy of skin diseases. AB - One important aspect of photomedicine is the use of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation with and without exogenous photosensitizers to treat diseases. Phototoxicity (cell injury by photons) is a likely mechanism for phototherapy and photochemotherapy of several skin diseases. The mechanism of action for phototherapy of hyperbilirubinemia and of uremic pruritus appears to be photochemical alteration of extracellular metabolites. Psoriasis is an example of a disease benefitted by several forms of phototherapy and photochemotherapy with varying relative effectiveness and safety. Two successful forms of treatment are oral psoralen photochemotherapy and UVB plus topical adjunctive agents. New information about UVB therapy of psoriasis includes data about the therapeutic action spectrum and about the relative roles of various topical agents such as coal tar, mineral oil, "lubricants" and steroids. Although there are many surface similarities, phototherapy and psoralen photochemotherapy have fundamental differences which may alter longterm risks in quantitative and qualitative ways. PMID- 7252254 TI - Photobiology and photomedicine: the future is bright. AB - Important events since 1966 that have helped to advance photobiology in general and photomedicine in particular are reviewed. More formal courses on photobiology are needed so that future photobiologists and photodermatologists will not have to be self-taught about the properties and action of light. The effectiveness of current phototherapies and their future improvement are discussed. Some of the areas of photobiology what will impact on photomedicine in the years to come are ultraviolet (UV) radiation effects on the immune system, the light activation of enzymes as a potential new type of photothoerapy, the development of new photosensitizers for phototherapy, the effects of near-UV radiation on cellular membranes, and, of course, the role of DNA damage and repair in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. The future is bright for photomedicine. PMID- 7252255 TI - Instrumentation and action spectra in light-associated diseases. AB - Instrumentation for studying action spectra in controls and various light associated diseases is described. This study summarizes tests performed with a prism grating monochromator during the last 10 yr. There were 68 photodermatoses studied: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) (1), lupus erythematosus (LE) (12), polymorphous light eruption (PLE) (23), solar urticaria (4), actinic reticuloid (2), halogenated salicylanilide photosensitivity and persistent light reactors (11), psoralen photosensitivity (6), and porphyria (9). A normal minimal erythema dose in the UVB (below 320 nm) was generally observed in polymorphous light eruption and lupus erythematosus. The most exquisite photosensitivity for delayed erythema was observed in actinic reticuloid, which in one case was 25-35 times more sensitive in the UVB range which was also observed but to a lesser extent in XP and in persistent light reactors. Persistence of erythema and edema at test sites was observed in XP, PLE, LE, and actinic reticuloid. A delay in development of erythema reaching a maximum at 72 hr was observed in XP and psoralen phototoxicity. Maximum photosensitivity occurred in solar urticaria. Three patients had peak sensitivity in the range of 310-313 nm and the 4th at 460 nm. Photosensitivity in the visible range was detected in 2 patients with solar urticaria, one with actinic reticuloid, and confirmed in 9 patients with porphyria (405 nm). Photosensitivity in the UVA (above 320 nm) occurred to some degree in all groups. PMID- 7252256 TI - Psoralen photochemistry and nucleic acid structure. AB - Many new psoralen derivatives have been synthesized in an effort to enhance their water solubility and their binding to nucleic acids. Availability of the very soluble strongly binding compounds has improved our abilities to follow the optical changes associated with the photochemistry of psoralens with DNA. Changes in both absorbance and fluorescence are presented in this review. A kinetic model for the photochemistry concludes that the detailed kinetics is dominated by the equilibrium constant for intercalation of the psoralen in the DNA, the quantum yield for photoaddition to DNA once intercalated and the quantum yield for photodestruction of the drug in water. With these 3 parameters the kinetics of photochemistry is predictable. The values of these parameters for numerous derivatives of 8-methoxypsoralen and 4,5',8 trimethylpsoralen are presented. Application of this photochemistry to a study of nucleic acid secondary structure in chromatin, fd bacteriophage, and in ribosomes is reviewed. PMID- 7252257 TI - New concepts in therapeutic photomedicine: photochemistry, optical targeting and the therapeutic window. AB - Advances in optics technology, synthetic photochemistry, and the science of photobiology make it possible to think beyond phototherapy and photochemotherapy which is dependent on direct photochemical alteration of metabolites or direct phototoxic insult to cells. This report discusses another gender of photomedicine therapy which includes in vivo photoactivation of medicines, photon-dependent drug delivery, and manipulation of host and exposure source to maximize therapeutic index. These therapeutic manipulations are made possible because the skin is highly overperfused and because non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that enters skin and blood has adequate photon energy to cause electronic excitation. Radiation of 320-800 nm is not very directly phototoxic, is absorbed by a variety of relatively nontoxic photolabile molecules and has an internal dosimetric depth profile. This radiation can therefore be used to activate, deactivate, bind, release or biotransform medications in vivo in skin or other organs. The photochemist, synthetic chemist and photobiologist can collaborate to significantly increase therapeutic possibilities. PMID- 7252258 TI - Phototoxicity mechanisms: chlorpromazine photosensitized damage to DNA and cell membranes. AB - Photosensitized damage to biological molecules is the initial process in phototoxic responses. It is now recognized that many phototoxic compounds can photosensitize damage to more than one type of biological substrate. The in vitro light-initiated reactions of phototoxic compounds with DNA, soluble proteins and membrane components can be classified by their molecular mechanisms: (1) those in which an excited state of the phototoxic compound (or an unstable species derived from it) reacts directly with the biological substrate and (2) those in which a molecule derived from the phototoxic compound (a photoproduct or an activated oxygen species) reacts with the biological substrate. This paper describes the mechanisms by which chlorpromazine photosensitizes damage to membranes, protein and DNA and compares them to the mechanisms of photosensitization by psoralens, porphyrins, dyes, and other molecules. PMID- 7252259 TI - Current status of mammalian and human models for predicting drug photosensitivity. AB - The status of efforts to develop experimental models for drug photosensitivity reactions in small mammals is reviewed. Tests which are practical and also have a high predictive value in determining photosensitivity hazards to man are the goal of this research. The various animal model systems which have been used are evaluated with respect to these goals. PMID- 7252260 TI - Photoimmunology. PMID- 7252261 TI - Optical radiation measurements and instrumentation. AB - Accurate measurement of optical radiation is required when sources of optical radiation are used in biological research. Such measurement of broad-band noncoherent optical radiations usually must be performed by a highly trained specialist using sophisticated, complex, and expensive instruments. Presentation of the results of such measurement requires correct use of quantities and units with which many biological researchers are unfamiliar. The measurement process, quantities, units, measurement systems and instruments, and uncertainties associated with optical radiation measurements are reviewed in this paper. A conventional technique for evaluating the potential hazards associated with broad band sources of optical radiation and a spectroradiometer developed to measure spectral quantities is described. A new prototype ultraviolet radiation hazard monitor which has recently been developed is also presented. This new instrument utilizes a spectrograph and a spectral weighting mechanical mask and provides a direct reading of the effective irradiance for wavelengths less than 315 nm. PMID- 7252263 TI - Xeroderma pigmentosum patients from Egypt: II. Preliminary correlations of epidemiology, clinical symptoms and molecular biology. AB - Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) occurs with high frequency in Egypt and a continuation of our field studies has identified representatives of the 3 major complementation groups A, C, and variant. Group A patients, with one exception, showed very early onset of sun sensitivity and development of skin cancers, and microcephaly and mental retardation. The exceptional group A patient was 35 yr old, with normal stature and intelligence who had 2 normal children. DNA repair was as low in his cells as in other group A cases. Group C patients showed a slightly slower onset of sun sensitivity and had no central nervous system disorders. The variants showed later onset of sun sensitivity and no skin cancers evident at the time of observation (about 20 yr of age). No sun sensitivity was present in the 25 heterozygotes we observed, nor reportedly in the additional 60 not yet observed. This indicates that only homozygosity for XP genes increases risk of skin cancer. Cell cultures from both normal persons and these XP patients reached in vitro "senescence" at similar passage levels. Groups A and C appear to have lost different major gene products that are involved in the excision of UV damage from DNA, but the residual repair in XP-C cells facilitates more recovery of DNA synthesis than in other groups. This may contribute to the higher in vitro survival in culture and milder clinical symptoms in group C as compared to group A. XP variants appear to have lost a gene product that permits normal cells to replicate, uninterrupted by DNA damage, and consequently synthesize DNA in smaller pieces than normal. PMID- 7252264 TI - Duration of infection-derived immunity to cholera. AB - Four volunteers were rechallenged with Vibrio cholerae (10(6) classical Ogawa 395 organisms) 33-36 months after their initial induced cholera infection; none of the four veterans and four of five control volunteers developed diarrhea (P = 0.04). All control subjects, but only one veteran, had positive coprocultures. Three of the four veterans had significant levels of serum IgG antitoxin before challenge, but none had measurable intestinal levels of secretory IgA antitoxin. Significant rises in levels of serum vibriocidal and antitoxic antibody occurred in all control subjects and in two veterans, who also manifested rises in levels of intestinal secretory IgA antitoxin. The impressive duration of infection derived immunity suggests that the most promising approach to development of cholera vaccines may be to mimic natural immunity with orally administered, attenuated strains of V. cholerae. PMID- 7252266 TI - Extraocular infections in children in areas with endemic trachoma. PMID- 7252262 TI - DNA repair responses in human skin cells. AB - Sunlight and some environmental chemical agents produce lesions in the DNA of human skin cells that if unrepaired may interfere with normal functioning of these cells. The most serious outcome of such interactions may be malignancy. It is therefore important to develop an understanding of mechanisms by which the lesions may be repaired or tolerated without deleterious consequences. Our models for the molecular processing of damaged DNA have been derived largely from the study of bacterial systems. Some similarities but significant differences are revealed when human cell responses are tested against these models. It is also of importance to learn DNA repair responses of epidermal keratinocytes for comparison with the more extensive studies that have been carried out with dermal fibroblasts. Our experimental results thus far indicate similarities for the excision-repair of ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimers in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Both the monoadducts and the interstrand crosslinks produced in DNA by photoactivated 8-methoxypsoralen (PUVA) can be repaired in normal human fibroblasts but not in those from xeroderma pigmentosum patients. The monoadducts, like pyrimidine dimers, are probably the more mutagenic/carcinogenic lesions while the crosslinks are less easily repaired and probably result in more effective blocking of DNA function. It is suggested that a split-dose protocol that maximizes the production of crosslinks while minimizing the yield of monoadducts may be more effective and potentially less carcinogenic than the single ultraviolet exposure regimen in PUVA therapy for psoriasis. PMID- 7252265 TI - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte dysfunction during influenza virus infection in chinchillas. AB - The increased susceptibility of chinchillas after intranasal inoculation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus to pneumococcal otitis media prompted a study to determine whether infection with influenza virus adversely affects polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function and thereby impairs host defense. Thirty-four chinchillas were inoculated intranasally with either influenza A virus or sterile saline. The chemotactic, chemiluminescent, and bactericidal activities of the PMNLs were depressed four to eight days after inoculation of the virus compared with the values obtained before inoculation; these activities remained normal in animals inoculated with sterile saline. The maximum reduction in chemotaxis (37%), peak chemiluminescence (53%), and peak bactericidal activity (26%) of the PMNLs was observed on day 6. Phagocytosis remained normal throughout the period after inoculation. Thus, the susceptibility of chinchillas to pneumococcal disease after inoculation with influenza A virus may be due to the impaired chemotactic and oxidative microbicidal activities of PMNLs. PMID- 7252268 TI - Consistency of adherence of Enterobacteriaceae irrespective of site of isolation. PMID- 7252267 TI - Histocompatibility leukocyte antigens in children with meningococcal meningitis. PMID- 7252270 TI - [Hemodynamic response to exercise in the patients with extreme pulmonary hypertension accompanied by mitral stenosis after open mitral commissurotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252272 TI - [Long term follow-up of the patients underwent valve replacements for acquired valvular disease--clinical and hemodynamic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252269 TI - The hamster as a reservoir of Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni. PMID- 7252271 TI - [Surgical treatment of aneurysm of the ascending aorta and the aortic arch using cardiopulmonary bypass with selective cerebral perfusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252274 TI - [Studies of ostium secundum type of atrial septal defect with left axis deviation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252275 TI - [Long-term results in operation for postinfarction ventricular aneurysm- correlation with the function of the residual contracting left ventricle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252273 TI - [Treatment of prosthetic valve endocarditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252276 TI - [Cardiac resuscitation using newly devised manual perfusion pump following hypothermic cardiac arrest--an experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252281 TI - [Primary repair of complete atrioventricular canal in patients under two years old--a new procedure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252277 TI - [Study of computer display of epicardial map. Part I: Experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252279 TI - [Systemic venous obstruction after the Mustard operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252278 TI - [Gas-contrasted computed tomography for evaluation of mediastinal lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252280 TI - [Four cases of one stage operation for funnel chest with heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252283 TI - [Transaortic punch-out endarterectomy: a new method for the treatment of syphilitic coronary ostial stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252282 TI - [A case of postoperative chylomediastinum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252286 TI - [The method of the drying slab gel using a hair-drier (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252284 TI - [Cardiopulmonary bypass with two arterial lines for isolation of descending thoracic aorta in infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252285 TI - [Two-stage intracardiac repair for tetralogy of Fallot with coronary anomaly (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252287 TI - The coraco-clavicular joint. AB - The present study shows that the coraco-clavicular joint should be recognised as a normal human joint that is present in a large number of people of all races. Its presence does not confer any overt advantage but neither does it give rise to any trouble. It is possibly an evolutionary joint that has arisen from the approximation of the clavicle to the coracoid and new conditions of use in man where complex movements are possible at the shoulder. The genetic basis for this joint has been elucidated and it is inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion. PMID- 7252288 TI - [Open reduction of the hip joint: results and problems]. PMID- 7252289 TI - The biological aspect, on the treatment (without compression) of the infected diaphyseal pseudoarthrosis. PMID- 7252290 TI - [The 53rd annual meeting of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association, Kurume, 1980 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252291 TI - [Studies of shelf operation on congenital dislocation of hip (author's transl)]. AB - Part I The author examined 62 hips in 58 patients treated by shelf operations, and their long-term results were studied as a follow-up for an average of 10 years. Satisfactory results of the shelf operation were obtained in 51.7% of patients, if over 10 years of age when operated on, but in as many as 72.0%, if under 6 years of age. But as the age of each group changed from that of the time of follow-up age it was impossible to carry out any comparable study between the two groups. Better roentgenographical results appear to be obtained, if this procedure is performed on those over 10 years of age. Part II In an attempt to detect the changes of a hip after the destruction of the outer rim of the acetabulum, experimental studies were undertaken on 50 young rabbits about 40 days after birth. In order to destroy the outer rim of the acetabulum, a small piece of autogeneous iliac bone was embedded in the outer rim of acetabulum where the bone graft is done in human's acetabuloplasty. The results showed that this procedure had no influence on the development of osteoarthritis in a rabbit. PMID- 7252295 TI - [Overhead traction for the treatment of congenital hip dislocation in infants and young children]. PMID- 7252292 TI - [Roentgenographical examination on the tilted angle of the scapula in the resting position (author's transl)]. AB - Roentgenographical examination was carried out in 56 normal subjects ranging from 12 to 80 years of age with the purpose of evaluating the degrees of the tilted angle of the scapula in three dimensions at the relaxed standing position. Bilateral roentgenograms of shoulder were taken in the standard antero-posterior position and at the 30 degrees of oblique projections. Five landmarks were selected on each roentgenogram and measured by X and Y coordinates. The degrees of tilted angles of the scapula in three dimension was determined by using the specific equations. Average angle of medial tilt of the scapula was 32.1 degrees (+/0 7.0 degrees) in the right and 31.9 degrees (+/- 8.0 degrees) in the left respectively. Average angle of the medial tilt of the scapula in both sexes was 29.9 degrees (+/- 7.7 degrees) in males and 34.0 degrees (+/- 6.5 degrees) in females. The average angle of medial tilt of the scapula tended to decrease in accordance with the aging process. Average angle of downward tilt of the scapula was 11.5 degrees (+/- 12.5 degrees) in the right and 12.3 degrees (+/- 11.1 degrees) in the left respectively. Average angle of the downward tilt of the scapula in both sexes was 12.9 degrees (+/- 12.7 degrees) in males and 10.8 degrees (+/- 10.7 degrees) in females. The average angle of downward tilt of the scapula statistically increased in accordance with age (r = 0.34). Average angle of upward rotation of the scapula was increased in accordance with the aging process. It was suggested that the restricted rotation of the scapula was one the major causes of the restricted abduction of the shoulder in the aged. PMID- 7252293 TI - [Histochemical study on the denervated and reinnervated muscle of the rat (author's transl)]. AB - Distribution of white and red muscle fiber is well demonstrated by means of enzyme histochemistry as a mosaic pattern. Nervous control on both different type of fibers is still obscure. In order to elucidate this problem, an experiment of denervation was carried out on the rat. The sciatic nerve was resected at sciatic notch for a distance of one cm. The extensors of lower leg were examined on histochemical preparation using succinate dehydrogenase activity staining at intervals following denervation. A tendency of faster atrophy of white fibers in the relatively superficial layer than red fibers was noted. Enzyme activity decreased gradually in both fibers. At about eight weeks reinnervation began to occur at the deeper layer near the motor point. Reinnervated large fibers appeared with a tendency of cluster formation with the enzyme as red fibers. It is suggested that fiber type is dependent on the nervous control. PMID- 7252296 TI - [78th symposium of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine. Abstracts]. PMID- 7252297 TI - The Ischemic extremity. Diagnostic and therapeutic techniques of an aggressive approach. PMID- 7252294 TI - Ultrastructure of the deep zone of degenerative osteoarthritic cartilage. AB - The deep zone of articular cartilage obtained from 22 surgical cases with advanced osteoarthritis of the hip joint and from additional 14 necropsy cases with normal hip joint were studied by aids of ultrastructural, electron histochemical and elemental analytic techniques. The deep zone of osteoarthritic cartilage showed significant degenerative changes of the extracellular matrix including fibrillar or non-fibrillar components and/or abnormal calcification. The electron histochemical method used revealed prominently decreased concentration of proteoglycan complex in the osteoarthritic cartilage as compared with that in the normal articular cartilage. PMID- 7252298 TI - Prostatic carcinoma. Treatment with I125 interstitial irradiation and pelvic lymphadenectomy. PMID- 7252299 TI - Vitamin B12 absorption. A correctable intestinal defect in pernicious anemia. PMID- 7252301 TI - Anemia of hypothyroidism. Clinical response to thyroxine therapy. PMID- 7252300 TI - Percutaneous liver biopsy. A safe outpatient procedure. PMID- 7252302 TI - Outpatient pain clinic: review of a two-year experience. PMID- 7252303 TI - Acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7252304 TI - The President's message. PMID- 7252305 TI - Colonoscopy: diagnosis of angiodysplasia. PMID- 7252306 TI - Complicated diverticulitis: treatment with cefoxitin sodium. PMID- 7252307 TI - Intra-cranial tuberculomata: a multiple recurrent case. PMID- 7252308 TI - Digitalis: facts and fallacies, use and potential abuse. PMID- 7252309 TI - A medical odyssey: Kansas physicians visit China. PMID- 7252310 TI - The education of the clinician of the nervous system. PMID- 7252311 TI - Intermittent catheterization of the neurogenic bladder in children. PMID- 7252312 TI - Metastasis of bronchogenic carcinoma to finger. PMID- 7252313 TI - Retroaortic left renal vein and ultrasound. PMID- 7252315 TI - Evaluation and management of the suicidal patient. PMID- 7252314 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. Wanna do the twist? Polymorphous ventricular and tachycardia. PMID- 7252316 TI - Methylene blue dye in the management of condylomata acuminata. PMID- 7252318 TI - Ultrasound detection of early fetal congenital anomalies. PMID- 7252320 TI - Postsynthetic variants of creatine kinase MM. AB - MYocardial CK-MM has been found to undergo postsynthetic modification after AMI. Studies by isoelectric focusing of normal heart extracts, serial serum samples from patients with AMI, normal sera, and sera from patients with DMD revealed the presence of four variants, designated MM-I, MM-II, MM-III and MM-IV, at pH values 6.90, 6.62, 6.36, and 6.20, respectively. The MM variants, together with two MB variants, could also be demonstrated by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. Heart extract contained primarily MM-I. Serum samples obtained early after infarction (9 to 12 hr) showed predominantly MM-I, MM-II, and MM-III. With increase in time after infarction (24 to 96 hr), there was a gradual shift in which MM-I and MM-II decreased while MM-III and MM-IV increased. These results could be mimicked by incubating an extract of human heart with normal serum for increasing time intervals. Normal serum and serum from DMD patients--both of which contain steady-state levels of MM isoenzyme activity--showed all four variants. There was, however, a preponderance of MM-I and MM-II in normal serum, whereas serum from DMD patients showed a preponderance of MM-II and MM-III. We conclude that the process of postsynthetic modification after AMI probably starts at the site of injury in the myocardium because the variants can be demonstrated in the serum within a few hours after infarction. Further modification then occurs in the circulation after enzyme release from the site of injury has ceased. These data suggest that analysis of CK variants may provide a unique means of assessing the time of onset of necrosis in AMI and may have potential for detecting reinfarction and for monitoring the duration of enzyme release from the site of injury. PMID- 7252319 TI - Low cal. PMID- 7252317 TI - The noninvasive vascular laboratory: clinical application in cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 7252321 TI - The specific folate-binding capacity of serum. Evidence that levels are not directly related to folate nutrition but influenced by hormonal status. PMID- 7252322 TI - The oxygen affinity of hemoglobin in hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 7252323 TI - Beneficial effect of rightward hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve shift for short-term high-altitude adaptation. AB - To determine whether a rightward shift of the ODC was beneficial for short-term high-altitude adaptation, 10 drug-treated subjects were compared in a double blind manner to 10 placebo-treated subjects after ascent from Ann Arbor, Mich. (240 m) to the top of Pike's Peak, Colo. (4300 m). Subjects were normal, male residents at 240 m in good health. Phosphate (30 mmol, t.i.d.), vitamin C (500 mg, q.i.d.), and sodium bicarbonate (1.25 mEq/kg body weight) were administered in order to elevate 2,3-DPG levels and shift ODCs to the right before the ascent so that subjects with right-shifted ODCs could be contrasted with subjects whose ODCs were not right-shifted during the first 1 to 2 days at 4300 m. After 24 hr at 4300 m, 2,3-DPG levels were higher in drug-treated than in placebo-treated subjects (19.7 +/- 0.6 mmol/gm of hemoglobin vs. 18.5 +/- 0.4; p less than 0.05 by one-tailed test), and ODC positions were different after 6 hr at high altitude (one-tailed p less than 0.01). Drug-treated subjects felt better as measured by a symptomatology questionnaire and had better central nervous system function as measured by a darkness-adaptation visual task. Performance in the two groups of subjects was the same on other visual and cognitive psychometric tests. Cardiopulmonary responses to high altitude were comparable in the two groups. The small, though significant improvement in dark adaptation and symptoms in drug treated subjects suggests that oxygenation of the brain may have benefited from the small-shift in ODC observed. Agents with greater effect on 2,3-DPG levels are deserving of trial to determine whether they have more substantial effects on short-term responses to high altitude. PMID- 7252324 TI - Ischemic acute renal failure: newer implications of stopped pipes. PMID- 7252325 TI - A simple and rapid solid-phase radioimmunoassay for serum progesterone, using the protein A of Staphylococcus aureus as immunoadsorbent. AB - A simple, rapid, and inexpensive radioimmunoassay method for serum progesterone is described, which uses a solid-phase technique for separation of antibody-bound from antibody-free progesterone. Rabbit antiprogesterone immunoglobulins are adsorbed on the protein A of formaldehyde- and heat-treated Staphylococcus aureus cells (Pansorbin; Calbiochem-Behring Corp., La Jolla, Calif.). The suspension of antibody-coated pansorbin retains all its binding activity (23% for 500 microliter of a 0.033% suspension) of 1-2-H(N)-progesterone (20,000 cpm in 100 microliter) when kept at +4 degrees or at -25 degrees C for at least 4 months. Dose-response curves obtained with ether-serum extracts and with the progesterone standard do not deviate significantly from parallelism. The progesterone standard gives identical dose-response curves whether diluted in the assay buffer or in a progesterone-free ether-serum extract. The sensitivity of the assay is 0.02 ng/assay tube. The intra-assay variation coefficient is 16%, and the routine interassay variation coefficient is 17%. The mean serum progesterone concentrations were 0.55 ng/ml during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and 12.5 ng/ml during the luteal phase. The average blank value for distilled water was 0.02 ng/assay tube. PMID- 7252326 TI - Effect of splenectomy of hepatic bilirubin clearance in patients with hereditary spherocytosis. Implications for the diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome. AB - BRT and CBR were determined from studies of radiobilirubin kinetics in 14 patients undergoing splenectomy for hereditary spherocytosis. Studies were conducted both before and after the operation in order to assess the effects of the postsplenectomy fall in BRT on CBR. Splenectomy led to a doubling of the RBC t1/2 from 13.0 +/- 1.7 (S.E.) days to 26.1 +/- 1.5 and a fall in BRT from 15.9 +/ 4.4 mg/kg/day to 4.3 +/- 0.9. In seven patients (group A) initially normal values for CBR were unaltered by surgery. In the remaining seven (group B), low preoperative values for CBR, suggestive of Gilbert's syndrome, uniformly improved after splenectomy, becoming normal in five patients. Nevertheless, family studies and reduced values for UDPGT activity supported the initial impression of concomitant Gilbert's syndrome in group B. These studies suggest the existence of a latent state for Gilbert's syndrome that, in some patients, may be unmasked by a hemolytic stress. As such, they have important implications for both pedigree analysis and incidence studies of this condition. PMID- 7252327 TI - Light emission by isolated rat glomeruli in response to phorbol myristate acetate. PMID- 7252328 TI - Cell-directed inhibitor of human leukocyte locomotion. Identification of immunoglobulin G as a cell-directed inhibitor in normal human serum. PMID- 7252329 TI - Mechanism of in vivo iron chelation by pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone and other imino derivatives of pyridoxal. AB - The source of iron chelated in vivo by the new iron-chelating agent PIH and its mechanism of excretion have been studied in normal and hypertransfused rats. PIH is able to chelate iron from both parenchymal and RE iron stores. Unlike DF, which promotes both urinary and fecal iron excretion, in this model PIH-induced iron excretion is limited almost entirely to the gut. Response to PIH is directly related to dosage, and oral doses ranging from 125 to 500 mg/kg/day are well tolerated. Six additional imino derivatives of pyridoxal have been studied, but none of these new compounds was as effective as PIH. Our study indicates that oral PIH is comparable in efficiency with parenteral DF and is of potential usefulness in the management of iron overload. PMID- 7252330 TI - Abnormal dark adaptation in sickle cell anemia. AB - Patients with sickle cell anemia may be zinc-deficient. Zinc deficiency has been reported to cause delayed dark adaptation. We have studied dark adaptation in 13 patients with homozygous sickle cell anemia. Six patients had delayed dark adaptation. Their mean plasma and neutrophil zinc levels were 93.83 +/- 8.26 micrograms/100 microliters and 37.33 +/- 11.88 micrograms/10(10) cells, respectively, compared to the corresponding mean values for seven patients with normal dark adaptation of 105.86 +/- 13.31 and 86.71 +/- 19.53. For the six patients with delayed dark adaptation, the lower neutrophil zinc value, but not the plasma value, was significant (p less than 0.01). Three of the six were treated with oral zinc, with improvement in their dark adaptation. Neutrophil zinc levels correlated inversely (r = -0.77, p less than 0.01) with log relative threshold at 30 min. We conclude that patients with sickle cell anemia may show decreased ability to dark-adapt that is related to zinc deficiency. PMID- 7252331 TI - Plasma glucose concentrations and the development of blood emboli and hemolysis. AB - Plasma glucose concentrations were measured in heparinized dog blood as the blood was sheared in polycarbonate coni-cylindrical test cells. The glucose depletion rate during the 4 hr tests increased with increasing shear rate (480 to 2100 sec 1) but was independent of the surface/volume ratio (7.0 and 12.7 cm-1). These results suggest that the glucose metabolism in red cells (the dominant consumer of blood glucose) increases more from shear-induced stretching or tearing of red cells that adhere to the wall than from cell-boundary collisions. (Changes in platelet and leukocyte glucose metabolism would not have been detected in our measurements of whole blood glucose concentrations.) The rate of glucose depletion was also independent of the extent and rate of hemolysis and the extent of microemboli formation (as measured by SFP). When insulin-induced hypoglycemic blood was used to fill the test cells, the resulting hemolysis and SFPs were not significantly different from hemolysis and SFPs produced in normoglycemic blood from the same donors. Thus red cells (which have negligible glycogen stores) do not depend significantly on plasma glucose to resist hemolysis, and platelets may rely on their substantial glycogen storage to form microemboli during hypoglycemia. PMID- 7252332 TI - Role of chemotactic factor inactivation in neutrophil chemotaxis. AB - CFIs have been implicated in the regulation of several inflammatory mediators; consequently, we have evaluated the effects of CFI on neutrophil chemotactic and lysosomal enzyme release response to C5-derived chemotaxins. Chemotaxis was measured by direct migration under agarose, LER by glucosaminidase release from cytochalasin B-treated neutrophils, and CFI activity by its inhibition of LER. After inactivation by CFI, C5-fr lost their ability to stimulate neutrophils, and acquired a new chemotactic inhibitory activity. On gel chromatography, the stimulatory activity of C5-fr and the inhibitory activity of inactivated C5-fr eluted as separate peaks with different molecular weights. Effects of CFI on neutrophil responses to C5-fr, ZAS, and ZAP were adverse and dose-dependent: maximal neutrophil response to C5-ft decreased in amplitude as CFI levels increased, and a close reciprocal relationship was demonstrated between the endogenous CFI and the chemotaxis activities of ZAS (r = -0.833) and ZAP (r = 0.932) in 10 healthy adults. The data suggest that CFI is a potent regulator of neutrophil response to C5-derived inflammatory mediators. PMID- 7252333 TI - Short-term and long-term ethanol administration inhibits the placental uptake and transport of valine in rats. AB - Ethanol ingestion during pregnancy causes a pattern of fetal/neonatal dysfunction called the FAS. The effects of short- and long-term ethanol ingestion on the placental uptake and maternal-fetal transfer of valine were studied in rats. The in vivo placental uptake and fetal uptake were estimated after injection of 0.04 micromol of 14C-valine intravenously on day 20 of gestation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Short-term ethanol ingestion (4 gm/kg) caused a significant reduction in the placental uptake of 14C-valine by 33%, 60%, and 30%, and 31% at 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 min after valine administration, respectively (p less than 0.01), and a similar significant reduction occurred in the fetal uptake of 14C-valine (p less than 0.01). Long-term ethanol ingestion prior to and throughout gestation resulted in a 47% reduction in placental valine uptake (p less than 0.01) and a 46% reduction in fetal valine uptake (p less than 0.01). Long-term ethanol feeding from day 4 to day 20 of gestation caused a 32% reduction in placental valine uptake (p less than 0.01) and a 26% reduction in fetal valine uptake (p less than 0.01). We conclude that both short- and long-term ingestion of ethanol inhibit the placental uptake and maternal-fetal transfer of an essential amino acid--valine. An alteration of placental function may contribute to the pathogenesis of the FAS. PMID- 7252334 TI - Depression of phagocytosis by plasmin degradation products of plasma fibronectin. AB - Previous research has shown that disseminated intravascular coagulation causes a depression in RE function. Fibronectin, a high-molecular-weight surface-binding glycoprotein, is known to modulate RE function by facilitating opsonic activity and is sensitive to proteolytic cleavage by plasmin, yielding FNDP. The present investigation suggests that isolated FNDP, generated in vitro by incubation with plasmin, can depress phagocytosis in vivo as well as in vitro. Phagocytosis in rats was determined by a clearance technique employing CR51-RBCs and in vitro by employing a monolayer of peritoneal exudate macrophages. The in vivo studies demonstrated significantly reduced hepatic phagocytosis after the injection of FNDP an delayed clearance of injected test particles. Macrophage uptake in vitro, supported by either normal rat serum or purified fibronectin, was significantly reduced when incubated with FNDP. These results suggest that depression of the RE system and phagocytosis during intravascular coagulation may be mediated in part by the formation of plasmin degradation products of plasma fibronectin. PMID- 7252336 TI - The incudo-malleal joint. PMID- 7252337 TI - Transcranial attenuation in bone conduction audiometry. PMID- 7252335 TI - Effect of potassium depletion on gentamicin nephrotoxicity. PMID- 7252338 TI - Vocal cord polyps: incidence, histology and pathogenesis. PMID- 7252340 TI - Trichofolliculoma of the external auditory meatus. Report of a case and a review of the literature. PMID- 7252339 TI - A case of post-auricular sinus. PMID- 7252341 TI - Otogenic tetanus: case report and literature review. PMID- 7252342 TI - Eighth nerve alcoholic neuropathy: a case report with light and electron microscopic findings. AB - A 55-year-old man with symptoms of hearing loss, balance disturbance, and facial weakness was treated by translabyrinthine eighth cranial nerve trans-section. The patient also had a history and physical signs of chronic alcoholism and peripheral polyneuropathy. Results of laboratory tests revealed concomitant nutritional deficiency. Histopathological examination of the eighth nerve showed extensive degeneration of both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers in both cochlear and vestibular divisions. Light and electron microscopic features of the degenerative process were compatible with previously described pathology of experimentally induced Wallerian-like degeneration. Alcoholic neuropathy as the cause of hearing loss and balance disturbance--and probably facial paresis--is suggested. PMID- 7252343 TI - Progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg's disease), principally involving bone. PMID- 7252345 TI - Surface tension and temporalis fascia grafts. PMID- 7252344 TI - Myringoplasty: short and long-term results in a training program. PMID- 7252346 TI - Surgical correction of lateralized eardrum. AB - The complication of retraction and lateralization of the graft after a tympanoplasty operation is described, and the underlying mechanism discussed. This complication occurs mainly when using the overlay procedure and causes a severe conductive hearing loss. A surgical technique for correcting this problem is described. It consists of removing all of the former graft, positioning the new graft medial to the eardrum remnants and covering the denuded ear canal bone with split-thickness skin graft. The results of 7 cases successfully treated by the technique described are presented. PMID- 7252347 TI - Auditory brain stem responses in thyroid dysfunction. AB - A characteristic pattern of ABR was observed in hyper-and hypofunction of the thyroid gland. The most conspicuous change took place in the BSCT. Its value correlated well with the level of serum T4. Dynamic changes of ABR pattern were recorded during the development of myxedema and on return to an euthyroid state. This preliminary study suggests that examinations of ABR may serve as a tool in the overall assessment of thyroid status. PMID- 7252349 TI - Local acriflavine: a new therapy for rhinoscleroma. AB - Fifty patients with rhinoscleroma have been studied clinically, histopathologically and bacteriologically before, during and after the local application of acriflavin solution, in different concentrations, over an eight week period. The results have been encouraging. Local acriflavine solution, in a concentration of 2 per cent, has been shown to be an effective and safe remedy for rhinoscleroma. PMID- 7252348 TI - Facial morphology applied to rhinologic surgery. PMID- 7252350 TI - Mobilization of the greater palatine artery in closure of oro-antral fistulae. PMID- 7252351 TI - Tonsil transposition into posterior pharyngeal wall in palato-pharyngeal incompetence. PMID- 7252352 TI - Disturbance of taste in leprosy. AB - The sense of taste was assessed in a group of 30 leprosy patients. The method used and the results are presented. Twelve patients (40 per cent) showed some degree of impairment of taste sensation and this was shown to be related to the severity of the disease. The possible reasons for the loss of taste are discussed. PMID- 7252353 TI - The effect of cigarette smoke on the vocal cord mucosa of the rabbit: An electron microscopic study. AB - The effect of whole cigarette smoke on the vocal cord mucosa of the rabbit has been studied with the electron microscope. The epithelium shows variable degrees of hyperplasia, with enlargement of the basal cells. Variable degrees of damage are found in the nerves and muscles in the tunica propria. The relationship between these changes, some endogenous factors in the larynx and the development of cancer are discussed. A possible toxic effect of cigarette smoke on the nerves and muscles of the larynx is mentioned. PMID- 7252354 TI - Laryngeal salivary duct carcinoma: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - The light microscopic and ultrastructural features of a laryngeal salivary duct carcinoma are presented. By light microscopy, the neoplasm bore a marked resemblance to the infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast. Ultrastructurally, the tumour was characterized by the presence of two principal types of cells, i.e. epithelial and myoepithelial cells, arranged in duct-formation. PMID- 7252357 TI - Recommended procedures for pure-tone audiometry using a manually operated instrument. PMID- 7252356 TI - Intracranial traumatic aneurysm following hypophysectomy. AB - A case of traumatic aneurysm of the ICa following an attempted hypophysectomy is reported, and the management of the case is discussed. Extensive review of the English literature and personal communications (Angell-James, Bateman, Symon, Richards) have revealed only four other proven cases of intracranial aneurysms following operations on the ear and nose, one each following nasal polypectomy and partial intra-nasal ethmoidectomy, trans-antral ethmoidectomy, hypophysectomy, and mastoidectomy. PMID- 7252355 TI - Clinical records late onset sensorineural hearing loss following stapedectomy (an uncommon cause). PMID- 7252359 TI - The university and federal dollars. PMID- 7252358 TI - Federal money in learning disabilities. PMID- 7252360 TI - Government funding for learning disabilities. PMID- 7252361 TI - The special education consultant and the federal dollar. PMID- 7252363 TI - Uses and abuses of the WISC-R with the learning disabled. PMID- 7252362 TI - Brother, can you spare a dime? PMID- 7252364 TI - Individual and group feedback systems for improving oral reading accuracy in learning disabled and regular class children. PMID- 7252365 TI - Preserving education: policies and procedures for individual educational plans. PMID- 7252366 TI - A new perspective in teacher education: the neuroeducator. PMID- 7252367 TI - Deliver education through research. PMID- 7252369 TI - Interpretation of pictorially presented social situations by learning disabled and normal children. PMID- 7252368 TI - Behavior patterns in families of boys with learning and behavior problems. PMID- 7252370 TI - The role of attention in reading with implications for the learning disabled student. PMID- 7252372 TI - Periodic solutions of an epidemic model. AB - The existence of periodic solutions of the equation (see formula in text) is established. This equation arises in the study of the spread of a disease which does not induce permanent immunity. PMID- 7252373 TI - Convergence to genetically uniform state in stepping stone models of population genetics. AB - We investigate continuous time stepping stone model. Extending the models treated in population genetics, we consider the system described by the following infinite dimensional stochastic differential equation, (see text in formula) which contains the effects of random sampling drift and a kind of stochastic fluctuation in selection. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the system to converge to a genetically uniform state. PMID- 7252374 TI - Inbreeding systems: classification by a canonical form. PMID- 7252371 TI - Optimal strategies in immunology III. The IgM-IgG switch. AB - During a primary immune response generally two classes of antibody are produced, immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). It is currently thought that some lymphocytes which initially produce IgM switch to the production of IgG with the same specificity for antigen. During a secondary immune response IgG is the predominant antibody made throughout the response. In this paper we address the question of why such apparently complicated modes of response should have been adapted by evolution. We construct mathematical models of the immune response to growing antigens which incorporate complement dependent cell lysis. By comparing the times required to eliminate antigen we show that under certain conditions it is advantageous for an animal to switch some of its lymphocytes from IgM to IgG production during a primary response, but yet to secrete only IgG during a secondary response. The sensitivity of such a conclusion to parameter variations is studied and the biological basis and implications of our models are fully discussed. PMID- 7252376 TI - Epidemics in competition. AB - When two or more epidemic agents are simultaneously present in a population, they may interact to increase or decrease each other's effectiveness. One form of interaction is "competition" where each agent confers immunity to the others. Such competition occurs, for example, between different strains of myxomatosis in rabbit populations. We consider some consequences of introducing competition into mathematical epidemic models. Both deterministic and stochastic simple epidemic models are examined. In either case the conclusions are similar: the faster spreading epidemic has a considerable advantage. PMID- 7252378 TI - Toxic shock syndrome in Georgia, 1980: epidemiologic features. PMID- 7252379 TI - Cost, care, and cysts. PMID- 7252377 TI - Students for community involvement--a medical school project. PMID- 7252380 TI - Nutritional assessment of the hospitalized patient. PMID- 7252375 TI - Bifurcation and resonance in a model for bursting nerve cells. AB - In this paper we consider a model for the phenomenon of bursting in nerve cells. Experimental evidence indicates that this phenomenon is due to the interaction of multiple conductances with very different kinetics, and the model incorporates this evidence. As a parameter is varied the model undergoes a transition between two oscillatory waveforms; a corresponding transition is observed experimentally. After establishing the periodicity of the subcritical oscillatory solution, the nature of the transition is studied. It is found to be a resonance bifurcation, with the solution branching at the critical point to another periodic solution of the same period. Using this result a comparison is made between the model and experimental observations. The model is found to predict and allow an interpretation of these observations. PMID- 7252381 TI - Restructuring the U.S. health care system based on a German model. PMID- 7252382 TI - Sporotrichosis of the extremities. PMID- 7252383 TI - A hospital-based cancer program. PMID- 7252384 TI - Fever of unknown origin: a review of 25 cases in Ramathibodi Hospital. PMID- 7252385 TI - Problems of hilltribe people and integrated development. PMID- 7252387 TI - Pseudolymphoma of the tentorium. PMID- 7252386 TI - Gnathostomiasis of the colon simulating malignancy: a case report. PMID- 7252388 TI - Paraquat poisoning: experience in fourteen patients. PMID- 7252389 TI - Combat casualty hospitalization in Thailand. A comparison of primary and secondary care. PMID- 7252390 TI - Tuberculin reactions in pre-school Thai children after BCG vaccination at birth. PMID- 7252391 TI - Criminal law review on the concept of dangerousness. PMID- 7252392 TI - Amniotic fluid embolism: report of two cases. PMID- 7252393 TI - Acute encephalitis presented with psychotic symptoms in children. PMID- 7252394 TI - Tuberculous thyroiditis: a case report. PMID- 7252395 TI - Cronkhite Canada syndrome: report of a case with spontaneous recovery. PMID- 7252396 TI - Role of the medial-basal hypothalamus in the secretion of growth hormone during pregnancy and lactation in ewes. AB - The main aim of this study was to examine the role of the hypothalamus in controlling the secretion of GH in the ewe. This was evaluated by studying the effect of lesions placed either in the anterior or the posterior medial-basal hypothalamus (MBH) on the concentration of GH in the peripheral circulation during pregnancy and lactation, i.e. when the levels would be high in normal ewes. Simultaneously, the level of prolactin in the peripheral blood of these animals were followed. Lesions of the MBH resulted in a marked decreasing in circulating GH as well as disturbances in the mammogenic and lactogenic processes during the periods of periparturition and lactation respectively. The changes were particularly evident if the anterior MBH was lesioned. The present experiments confirm our previous findings that a stimulatory centre is localized in the anterior MBH of sheep whilst in the caudal MBH there is an inhibitory centre regulating the release of prolactin. The results also confirm the important role of GH during lactation in ewes, especially during lactogenesis. The results indicate a differentiated but synchronizing and synergistic role of the MBH regulating the patterns of GH and prolactin secretion in late pregnancy and lactation. PMID- 7252397 TI - Oestrogen receptors and metabolic activity in the genital tract after ovariectomy of ewes with permanent infertility caused by exposure to phytooestrogens. AB - Characteristics of the uterus anc cervix after ovariectomy of ewes with permanent phytooestrogen infertility (PPI) were compared with controls. Ewes with PPI had more oestrogen-binding sites in the cervix, but not in the uterus. There was no difference between the two groups of ewes in the binding affinity constant of receptors from the uterus or cervix. There were more keratinized cells in the vaginal epithelium of ewes with PPI, and the rates of protein and glycoprotein synthesis in the uterus and cervix were higher in ewes with PPI. These results offer further evidence that PPI in adult ewes is similar to the "persistent oestrus' syndrome in rodents oestrogenized neonatally. PMID- 7252398 TI - Estimation of thyroidal radioiodide clearance in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). AB - A method for estimating thyroidal clearance of radioiodide from the blood plasma of the domestic fowl is described. It differed from published methods in a number of ways. (1) It utilized total thyroid radioiodide concentration (IT) and did not require the use of goitrogens or the separation of free and protein-bound components. (2) Radioiodide was injected intravenously rather than by other routes. (3) Plasma radioiodide concentration (IB) was determined from several serial samples from each bird rather than once only. (4) The method allowed the clearance constant (kappa; microliter/min per mg) to be estimated for individual birds, rather than from groups, thereby enabling effective replication for comparative experiments. The constant was estimated from the model dIT/dt = kappaIB, measurements being made within 120 min after injection to ensure that exit of radioiodide from the thyroid was negligible. The improved method resulted in estimates of clearance constants which agreed well with published findings. PMID- 7252399 TI - Effects of neonatal exposure to monosodium glutamate on the electrical activity of neurones in the mediobasal hypothalamus, and on the plasma concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin, following stimulation of the rostral hypothalamus in adult female rats. AB - Action potentials were recorded from 174 neurones in the mediobasal hypothalamus of ovariectomized adult female rats exposed neonatally to monosodium glutamate (MSG) and from 145 neurones in control rats. All of the animals, which were anaesthetized with urethane, had been ovariectomized for at least 3 weeks and received two injections of oestradiol benzoate (20 microgram/100 g body weight, i.m.) 72 h and immediately before the recording experiments. The response of each neurone to electrical stimulation of the median eminence and rostral hypothalamus (preoptic and anterior hypothalamus areas; PO/AH) was analysed. The most striking feature of the results obtained was the significant (P less than 0.001) loss of inhibitory responses in those neurones remaining in the adult rats after neonatal treatment with MSG. The loss of inhibitory responses applied to both stimulation sites. In each rat the response of one neurone, which was antidromically identified as projecting to the median eminence, was recorded before and during stimulation of the PO/AH at 50 Hz for 30s in every min for 15 min. Before and after this stimulation blood was collected from a jugular vein for estimation by radioimmunoassay of concentrations of prolactin and TSH. In the MSG-treated rats significantly (P less than 0.05) fewer neurones were inhibited by the 50 Hz stimulation than in control rats. In control rats the plasma concentrations of prolactin nearly quadrupled as an immediate consequence of this treatment, whereas in MSG-treated rats plasma concentrations barely doubled. However, in the MSG-treated rats plasma concentrations of prolactin continued to rise after stimulation ceased, possibly as a consequence of enhanced secretion of thyrotrophin releasing hormone. PMID- 7252400 TI - Effect of gonadectomy on the concentrations of catecholamines in discrete areas of the diencephalon of the domestic fowl. AB - Concentrations of dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline in discrete areas of the diencephalon in male and female domestic fowl were correlated with changes in the plasma concentrations of LH induced by gonadectomy. Gonadectomized birds of both sexes exhibited raised plasma concentrations of LH and in castrated cockerels the daily administration of testosterone propionate was completely effective in preventing the postcastration rise in LH. Although no significant alterations in the brain concentrations of noradrenaline or adrenaline were observed in cockerels, the concentration of dopamine in the paraventricular nucleus (PVM), dorsomedial thalamic nucleus and mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) were significantly raised in castrated compared with sham-operated birds by 136, 182 and 52% respectively. In each case the increase was partially suppressed by testosterone replacement therapy. In pullets, ovariectomy resulted in significant increases in the concentrations of dopamine (83%) and noradrenaline (78%) in the MBH and noradrenaline (35%) and adrenaline (34%) in the PVM. These findings suggest that in the fowl at least part of the negative feedback effect of gonadal steroids on LH secretion may be mediated by catecholaminergic mechanisms at the level of the hypothalamus. PMID- 7252401 TI - Inhibition of oxytocin-or prostaglandin F2alpha-driven myometrial activity by relaxin in the rat is oestrogen-dependent. AB - Relaxin in doses of 5 microgram i.v. completed but reversibly abolishes "spontaneous' myometrial activity in anaesthetized ovariectomized rats. Similar levels of myometrial activity, evoked in oestrogen-treated rats (which normally have quiescent uteri) by infusions of oxytocin or prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), were also reduced to complete quiescence by relaxin in small doses. However when spontaneous myometrial activity in untreated ovariectomized rats was slightly stimulated by oxytocin the uterus became completely refractory to the inhibitory effects of relaxin even at doses of 50 microgram. Relaxin was also ineffective in reducing myometrial activity in similar rats during intra-arterial infusion of PGF2alpha. It is suggested that the ability of relaxin to inhibit uterine smooth muscle during exogenous stimulation is oestrogendependent. PMID- 7252402 TI - Effect of reduced extracellular sodium concentration on the function of adrenal zona glomerulosa: studies on isolated glomerulosa cells from the rat. AB - Aldosterone production by isolated adrenal glomerulosa cells from the rat was estimated in the presence of varying concentrations of sodium ion. The reduction of sodium concentration by 5-20 mmol/l, with or without osmotic changes, did not influence the rate of aldosterone production. Aldosterone response to angiotensin II was not modified by varying the sodium concentration. PMID- 7252403 TI - Feedback effects of steroids on gonadotrophin release in hyperprolactinaemic, ovariectomized rats. AB - The effect of hyperprolactinaemia on the progesterone-induced LH surge which occurs in oestrogen-primed, ovariectomized rats has been investigated. Hyperprolactinaemia was produced by implanting pituitary glands under the kidney capsule and levels of LH and prolactin in the circulation were measured at appropriate times during the steroid treatment. Twenty-four hours after oestrogen administration plasma LH levels were significantly reduced in both hyperprolactinaemic and sham-operated control rats. Progesterone induced a surge of LH which peaked 5 h after injection in both groups of rats. However, the peak LH level in the hyperprolactinaemic rats was less than 50% of that observed in the controls. Differences were also found in the effect of oestrogen on prolactin release in the hyperprolactinaemic rats. It is suggested that prolactin reduces the sensitivity to progesterone by a direct action on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. PMID- 7252404 TI - Immunoreactive growth hormone levels during the hormonal induction of lactation and during hand-milking in ewes. AB - Growth hormone was measured by radioimmunoassay in blood samples collected from ewes during the hormonal induction of lactation and during hand-milking post partum. Ovariectomized ewes were induced to lactate with injections of progesterone + oestradiol benzoate every 3 days for 30 days (priming phase) and then daily injections of dexamethasone for 5 days (trigger phase). The ewes were then milked daily. Immunoreactive GH levels fluctuated considerably but were generally in the range 1-15 ng/ml during all phases of lactation and were unaffected by bromocriptine treatment. Milk yield was unrelated to GH levels. Growth hormone was also measured in blood plasma taken at frequent intervals around the time of milking in lactating ewes approximately 4 weeks post partum. Although a clear prolactin response to milking was observed, there was no indication of a GH response. Although there is probably a minimum requirement for GH for lactation, a relationship between immunoreactive GH levels and milk yields was not established, perhaps because of limitations of the radioimmunoassay to detect all the biologically active GH PMID- 7252405 TI - Effects of acute neurotrophic stress on peripheral metabolism of cortisol in conscious male guinea-pigs. AB - Cortisol metabolism was studied in conscious adult male guinea-pigs subjected to a neurotrophic stress (immobilization and stimulation by light for 3 h). The disappearance curves of tracer quantities of [3H]cortisol were represented by a two-pool model. In stressed animals, there was marked increase in the mean plasma level of cortisol (184% of control value; P less than 0.001) and in the metabolic clearance rate (MCR; 17% of control value; 0.001 less than P less than 0.001). This rise in the MRC of plasma cortisol resulted from an increase in the mean total apparent volume of distribution (49%, P less than 0.001). The lack of significant differences in the slopes of the second exponential phase of the disappearance curves indicated that the stress did not significantly increase the half-lie of cortisol. The mean binding capacity of transcortin for cortisol (ST) was significantly higher in the animals which had been subjected to the neurotrophic stress than in the control guinea-pigs (0.02 less than P less than 0.05). However, ST values remained very low and accounted for the very high levels of free cortisol found after the stress. The results suggest that the raised concentrations of unbound cortisol found in the plasma of conscious adult male guinea-pigs in response to neurotrophic stress reflect a hypersecretion of corticosteroid. PMID- 7252406 TI - A new Fc receptor on mouse macrophages binding IgG3. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) have proved useful in identifying two Fc receptors on mouse macrophages, one for IgG2a, and one for IgG1 and IgG2b. We have used monoclonal IgG3 anti-SRBC to identify a third Fc receptor on mouse macrophages which binds IgG3 uniquely. This receptor is present on primary resident and thioglycolate-induced peritoneal macrophages and on some macrophage cell lines. The binding of IgG3-coated SRBC is inhibited by aggregated byt not monomeric IgG3, and not by IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b aggregates. It is unaffected by treating the macrophages with trypsin or cytochalasin B and occurs at both 4 degrees and 37 degrees C. IgG3, like all other IgG subclasses, mediates phagocytosis. We have also generated a variant macrophage line which bears the receptors for IgG1 and IgG2b and for IgG2a, but not for IgG3. PMID- 7252407 TI - Mast cell-mediated tumor-cell cytotoxicity. Role of the peroxidase system. AB - Mast cells, when supplemented with H2O2 and iodide, are cytotoxic to mammalian tumor cells as determined by 51Cr release, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. H2O2 at the concentration employed (10(-4) M) initiates mast cell degranulation, and mast cell granules (MCG), which contain a small amount of endogenous peroxidase activity, are toxic to tumor cells when combined with H2O2 and iodide. This toxicity is greatly increased by binding eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) to the MCG surface. Each component of the mast cell, MCG, or MCG-EPO system was required and toxicity was inhibited by the addition of the hemeprotein inhibitors azide or aminotriazole, which is compatible with a requirement for peroxidase in the cytotoxic reaction. A sequence of reactions is proposed in which mast cells, stimulated to release their granules by H2O2 generated by adjacent phagocytes, react with H2O2 and a halide to damage tumor cells. EPO release from eosinophils may contribute to this sequence of reactions, both by stimulation of H2O2-induced mast cell secretion and by combination with MCG to form a complex with augmented tumoricidal activity. These rections may play a role in the host defense against neoplasms. PMID- 7252409 TI - Recycling and target binding capacity of human natural killer cells. AB - By combining a newly established single-cell cytotoxicity assay in agarose (16) with estimations of the maximum natural killer (NK) potential (Vmax) by 51Cr release that percentage of target-binding cells (TBC), the fraction of active killers among TBC, the kinetics of single-cell cytotoxicity, and the recycling of effector cells was studied. Using nylon wool-passed peripheral lymphocytes, approximately 10% of the cells will bind to NK- susceptible target cell lines. Most of these have receptors for IgG. Some 50% will go on to kill T cell targets and some 20% to kill the standard target cell K-562. As the individual NK cell is shown to have the capacity to recycle, i.e., to kill more than one target cell in the 3-h test period, and as recycling seems to vary between individuals, there is no consistent correlation between the number of TBC and 51Cr-release values. It seems as if the single-cell cytotoxicity assay, as presently performed in agarose, is a valuable complement to Vmax determinations by 51Cr-release to study the different steps involved in the cytolytic process: recognition, enzyme activation, and effector cell recycling. The discrimination between these steps will probably be necessary to define mechanisms influencing NK cells in different disease states as well as in learning more about the normal function and regulation of the human NK system. PMID- 7252408 TI - Cloned cell lines with natural killer activity. Specificity, function, and cell surface markers. AB - Cell lines with natural killer (NK) activity grown from native spleen cells cultured in medium conditioned by spleen cells proliferating in the presence of concanavalin A (Con A) were characterized. One NK cell line was cloned and assayed on several human and mouse NK-sensitive targets to analyze whether target specificities segregate upon cloning. Results showed that NK clones display target specificities identical to NK cells in normal spleen. This suggests that NK cells have no clonally distributed specific receptors to a given target. They may, however, have receptors which recognize identical antigens on all NK sensitive targets or may possess multiple receptors for different target specificities. NK lines could not be demonstrated to possess activity in antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, nor did they effect mutual lysis. In the presence of Con A, NK cells exhibited dramatically enhanced lysis of NK-sensitive targets but only a slight increase in lysis of NK-insensitive targets. This indicates that the degree of lysis of an NK target is a function of two variables: effector binding to the target and target sensitivity to lysis. Furthermore, it suggests that the affinity of the putative antigen receptors on NK effectors must be rather weak. Cell surface marker analysis reveals that NK cell lines are Thy 1.2+, Lt-1-2-, T200+, asialo GM1+, and asialo GM2+. These markers distinguish NK cells from cytolytic thymus-derived lymphocytes, without resolving the question of classification within a give hematopoietic cell lineage. PMID- 7252410 TI - Activation of the classical pathway of complement by Hageman factor fragment. AB - A fragment of activated Hageman factor (HFf) has been demonstrated to activate the classical pathway of complement in a manner that is analogous to complement activation by antigen-antibody complexes or aggregated IgG. Thus C1, C4, C2, C3, and C5 were found to be depleted on addition of HFf to serum. The reduction of serum hemolytic activity was maximal upon addition of 5 micrograms HFf and an incubation time of 60 min at 37 degrees C. Consumption of the total complement activity and of the individual components proceeded in a dose-dependent fashion. No comparable activity was observed when equimolar concentrations of either the native Hageman factor (HF) or two-chain activated form of Hageman factor (HFa) were incubated with serum. Further, the ability of HFf to convert serum C3 and C4 was similar to that of aggregated IgG as assessed by immunoelectrophoresis. This function of HFf appeared to be independent of plasminogen (or plasmin) since plasminogen-free serum was indistinguishable from normal serum. Radial double immunodiffusion experiments using antiserum to C1q, C1r, and C1s on HFf-treated serum demonstrated the dissociation of the C1 trimolecular complex, with concomitant reduction of C1r antigenicity that is indicative of C1 activation. Thus, HFf appears to lead to C1 activation upon incubation with serum or when incubated with partially purified C1. This may represent a control link between activation of the intrinsic coagulation-kinin pathway and the initiation of the classical complement cascade. PMID- 7252411 TI - Antiphosphocholine antibodies found in normal mouse serum are protective against intravenous infection with type 3 streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - The antiphosphocholine (PC) antibody in normal mouse sera (NMS) provides protection against intravenous infection with encapsulated strain WU2 of type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mice unable to make anti-PC antibody, as a result of suppression with anti-T-15 idiotype or inheritance of the xid gene of CAB/N mice, are highly susceptible to infection with strain WU2. Mice inheriting the xid gene can be protected with NMS from immunologically normal mice or with IgM hybridoma anti-PC antibody. The protective effect of NMS can be removed with PC-containing immunoabsorbents. PMID- 7252412 TI - Inhibition of glutathione synthesis as a chemotherapeutic strategy for trypanosomiasis. AB - With the expectation that trypanosomal glutathione (GSH) plays a major protective role against the endogenous oxidant stress that results form high intracellular levels of H2O2, we sought to deplete Trypanosoma brucei brucei of their GSH through inhibition of its biosynthesis. Administration of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a reversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, to parasitemic mice resulted in a progressive decrease in trypanosome GSH content, such that parasites isolated after 5 h or BSO treatment contained 50% of normal values. When BSO administration was continued for 18 h (intraperitoneal injection of 4 mmol/kg every 1.5 h), parasitemias temporarily cleared. When inhibitory plasma levels of BSO were maintained for about 27 h, two out of six infected mice were cured and the rest had significantly prolonged survival. These findings demonstrate the potential value of GSH depletion for the treatment of trypanosomiasis. PMID- 7252413 TI - Tumor cell anti-oxidant defenses. Inhibition of the glutathione redox cycle enhances macrophage-mediated cytolysis. AB - The basis of resistance to oxidative injury was studied in six murine tumor cell lines that differed 54-fold in their resistance to enzymatically generated H(2)0(2). The tumors varied 56.7-fold in their specific activity of catalase, 5.3 fold in glutathione peroxidase (GPO), 3.3-fold in glutathione reductase (GR), and 2.7-fold in glutathione. There was no correlation among the levels of the three enzymes, and tumor cell resistance to lysis by H(2)0(2). However, the logarithm of the flux of H(2)0(2) necessary to cause 50 percent lysis of the tumor cells correlated with their content of glutathione (r = 0.91). The protective role of glutathione was analyzed by blocking GR and GPO, the catalysts of the glutathione redox cycle. This was facilitated by the demonstration that the anti-neoplastic agent 1,3-bis-(2- chloroethyl)-l-nitrosourea (BCNU) was a potent inhibitor of GR in intact tumor cells. BCNU inactivated tumor cell GR with a 50 percent inhibitory dose of 11 muM and a t(l/2) of inhibition of 30 s. Complete inhibition of GR was attained with no effect on GPO or catalase. Tumor cells whose GR was inactivated by BCNU could be lysed by fluxes of H(2)0(2) to which they were otherwise completely resistant. They could be killed by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated, bacilli Calmette-Guerin-activated macrophages in numbers which were otherwise insufficient, and by nonactivated macrophages, which otherwise were ineffective. BCNU-treated target cells were also much more sensitive to antibody-dependent, macrophage-mediated cytolysis. However, such tumor cells were no more sensitive than controls to lysis by alloreactive T cells or by antibody plus complement. Next, we deprived tumor cells of selenium by passage in selenium deficient mice. GPO was inhibited 85 percent in such cells, with no effect on GR or catalase. Tumor cells with reduced GPO activity were markedly sensitized to lysis by small fluxes of H(2)0(2) or by PMA-stimulated macrophages or granulocytes. In contrast, inhibition of catalase with aminotriazole had no effect on the sensitivity of three tumors to peroxide-mediated lysis, and had modest effects with two others. Thus, the oxidation-reduction cycle of glutathione serves as one of the major defense mechanisms of tumor cells against three related forms of oxidant injury: lysis by fluxes of H(2)0(2), by PMA triggered macrophages, and by macrophages in the presence of anti-tumor antibody. PMID- 7252414 TI - Immunoglobulin-sulfated polysaccharide interactions. Binding of agaropectin and heparin by human IgG proteins. AB - The interaction of immunoglobulins with certain acidic polysaccharides was demonstrated by the binding of the sulfated glycans agaropectin and heparin by certain human IgG proteins. Heparin-binding IgG proteins can distinguish between the molecular forms of heparin derived from porcine intestine, bovine lung, and rat skin. The major specificity of these proteins is for native and certain high molecular weight subunit components of rat skin heparin. The interactions with multi-chain and single chain rat skin heparin are stable under physiological conditions and involve the Fab and, more specifically, the Fv region of the IgG molecule. These reactions occur as a result of an electrostatic interaction between cationic sites on certain IgG proteins and anionic sulfate resides of agaropectin or heparin. The characteristics of heparin-IgG interaction resemble those of heparin with other plasma proteins, the interactions of which have biological significance. PMID- 7252415 TI - Idiotype-anti-idiotype regulation. I. Immunization with a levan-binding myeloma protein leads to the appearance of auto-anti-(anti-idiotype) antibodies and to the activation of silent clones. AB - BALB/c mice immunized multiple times with ABPC48 (A48 or Ab1), a BALB/c bacterial levan (BL)-binding myeloma proteins, produce anti-Ab1 antibodies (Ab2). Immunization with only tow doses of AB1 often leads to the production of anti (antiA48) (Ab3) as does immunization with hemocyanin conjugates of Ab2. Finally, immunization with hemocyanin conjugates of Abf3 leads to the production of anti- (anti-[anti-A48]) (Ab4). Normal BALB/c mice immunized with BL produce an anti BL antibody response containing no detectable Ab1 idiotype (Id)-bearing molecules. Mice producing Ab3 express substantial amounts of Ab1 Id in their anti-BL response whereas mice producing Ab2 and Ab4 show a generalized inhibition in their anti BL response. These results indicate that states of immunity within an idiotypic chain may have marked effect on antibody responses to the antigen (i.e., BL) which is the putative initiator of the chain. Strikingly, the chain itself has an interesting feature. That is, Ab3 and Ab1 share a cross-reactive Id in that both are bound by Ab4 and Ab2. We propose a model of Id-anti-Id systems to explain this unexpected result. This is based on the concept of regulatory idiotopes on Ab1 molecules which initiate Ab2 (anti-idiotope) responses. In contrast, Ab2 molecules generally fail to initiate anti-Ab2 Id responses eigher because any individual idiotope is present at very low concentration or because Ab2 molecules tend to lack regulatory idiotopes. Thus, Ab2 molecules immunize syngeneic animals because they interact with cells bearing Ab1 like regulatory idiotopes. Thus, Ab3 will share regulatory idiotopes with Ab1. Ab4 and Ab2 will share the ability to bind the Ab1-like regulatory idiotope. PMID- 7252416 TI - Role of serum IgA. Hepatobiliary transport of circulating antigen. AB - The IgA mediated hepatobiliary excretion of antigen from the circulation was studied using a radiolabeled haptenated protein (dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin) injected intravenously in mice together with monoclonal anti dinitrophenyl antibodies of different immunoglobulin classes. Antibodies were obtained from ascitic fluids of mice bearing the MOPC315 myeloma (IgA), or immune spleen cell hybridomas (IgG and IgM). IgA antibody brought about the transport of large amounts of antigen from the circulation to the bile during 1-3h. Analysis of bile by gel filtration showed that a large part of the transported antigen remained intact and complexed with IgA. Neither IgA of different specificity nor anti-dinitrophenyl IgM medicated biliary transport of antigen. With anti dinitrophenyl IgG, only small amounts of low molecular weight fragments of labeled antigen were found in he bile. Preformed immune complex of radiolabeled antigen and IgA antibody were rapidly transported from the circulation to the bile, resulting in threefold-higher levels of radioactivity in bile than in serum. It is proposed that an important function of serum IgA is to mediate the hepatobiliary excretion of corresponding circulating antigens. PMID- 7252417 TI - Identification of retroviral gp70 and anti-gp70 antibodies involved in circulating immune complexes in NZB X NZW mice. AB - Retroviral gp70 and anti-gp70 antibodies were isolated from circulating immune complexes (IC) of 7-10-mo-old (NZB X NZW)F1 mice, after which the nature and origin of this gp70 (IC-gp70) and the immunologic characteristics of these anti gp70 antibodies (IC-anti-gp70) were investigated. Immunochemical and structural analyses of IC-gp70 demonstrated that among multiple immunologically related gp70 expressed in all mice, the IC-gp70 had characteristics similar to those of NZB xenotropic viral gp70 (NZB-X1 gp70) that is commonly present in sera of virtually all strains of mice. The study of binding by IC-anti-gp70 antibodies to retroviral gp70 from various sources showed that the IC-anti-gp70 were primarily directed to NZB-X1 gp70 as well as serum gp70. These data strongly suggest that the abnormality of murine strains with systemic lupus erythematosus causing them to produce antibodies to their own xenotropic viral gp70 and to form IC with serum gp70 is not based on their expression of an unusual type of gp70, but rather their ability to make an antibody to NZB-X1 gp70, probably as a result of their immunologic dysfunction. PMID- 7252418 TI - Susceptibility of Leishmania to oxygen intermediates and killing by normal macrophages. AB - This study demonstrates that the promastigote form of virulent Leishmania donovani and Leishmania tropica are both deficient in endogenous enzymatic scavengers of H(2)0(2) (catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and susceptible to low fluxes of H(2)O(2) in a cell-free model. In addition, the killing of promastigotes by H(2)0(2) is markedly enhanced in the presence of a peroxidase and halide. Promastigotes also readily trigger the macrophage oxidative burst including the generation of H(2)0(2), and most intracellular promastigotes are killed within 18 h by unstimulated normal resident cells. Catalase, but not scavengers or quenchers of O(2)(-), OHx, or (1)O(2), protected promastigotes in a cell-free xanthine oxidase microbicidal system, and catalase also partially inhibited the leishmanicidal activity of resident macrophages. Thus, amongst various oxygen intermediates, H(2)0(2) alone appeared to be both necessary and sufficient for promastigote killing. Depriving macrophages of exogenous glucose, which inhibits the generation of oxygen intermediates, achieved effects similar to catalase treatment. These observations directly contrast with the intracellular parasite, T. gondii which is richly endowed with catalase and glutathione peroxidase, highly resistant to H(2)0(2), and requires products of O(2)(-)-H(2)0(2) interaction for effective oxidative killing. Toxoplasmas also fail to trigger the respiratory burst of normal macrophages, and readily multiply within these cells (1-5). Macrophages first activated by in vivo or in vitro immunologic stimuli, however, display an enhanced capacity to generate oxygen intermediates beyond O(2)(-) and H(2)0(2), and are able to kill toxoplasmas or inhibit their intracellular replication (1, 2). These studies illustrate the wide spectrum of susceptibility to oxidative products which appears to exist for virulent intracellular protozoans, and indicate that such differences may be reflected in contrasting fates of parasites within cell-free oxidative environments and the cytoplasm of normal resident macrophages. In addition, these observations also demonstrate that nonactivated phagocytes may display effective microbicidal activity against certain intracellular pathogens utilizing an oxygen dependent mechanism. PMID- 7252419 TI - Heterogeneity of tumorigenicity phenotype in murine tumors. I. Characterization of regressor and progressor clones isolated from a nonmutagenized ultraviolet regressor tumor. AB - We have shown that both regressor and progressor clones can be isolated from a UV regressor tumor, RD-1024. Although the daughter clones are characterized by differences in tumorigenic potential in normal transplant hosts, they nevertheless seem to express the same major tumor rejection antigens, because immunization with either the regressor parent tumor, RD-1024, or with regressor Cl 8 protects against subsequent challenge with progressor C1 4 or Cl 9. Consistent with the in vivo-generated data is the evidence that draining lymph node cells with functional specificity for regressor Cl 8 are capable of cross reactive cytotoxicity in an in vitro chromium release assay. We have demonstrated an indirect interaction occurring in vivo between regressor and progressor cells, in that Cl 8 cells have the ability to influence the outcome of simultaneous or sequential challenge with Cl 4 or Cl 9 cells. Because 500 rad of gamma irradiation has been shown to compromise the ability of mice to respond to a primary challenge with tumor, an immunological mechanism is implicated in the ultimate rejection of progressor tumor in a doubly challenged host. The importance of these results lies in the knowledge that these interacting subpopulations have been isolated directly from a tumor growing in vivo and that no selection pressure has been exerted on the cells greater than the short in vitro culture period necessary for the isolation and expansion of individual clones. The apparent immunoregulatory potential in a tumor-bearing animal is thus seen to be modified in accordance with the phenotypic heterogeneity of the cells within that tumor. PMID- 7252420 TI - Stimulation of primary in vitro IgE antibody responses in culture of human peripheral mononuclear cells. AB - Experiments are presented herein that demonstrate the capacity to stimulate human peripheral mononuclear cells to synthesize and secrete significant quantities of IgE molecules in vitro by exposure to appropriate concentrations of 2,4 dinitrophenyl (DNP)-protein conjugates, pokeweed mitogen (PWM), or a combination of DNP-proteins and PWM. Cultures stimulated in this fashion synthesize increased quantities of both total IgE and DNP-specific IgE antibody molecules. This in vitro human IgE antibody system should provide a useful tool for further exploration of regulatory control of IgE responses in both normal humans and those manifesting various forms of IgE-mediated allergic disorders. PMID- 7252421 TI - Interaction of target cell-bound C3bi and C3d with human lymphocyte receptors. Enhancement of antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. AB - The occurrence and distribution of distinct receptors for three C3 fragments on purified human blood lymphocytes were studied by rosette formation. Indicator cells were bovine, chicken, or sheep erythrocytes (E) bearing up to 100,000 molecules of human C3b (EC3b) without antibody. EC3b was converted to C3bi bearing-E (EC3bi) with purified C3b inactivator (factor I) and beta1H (factor H), and to C3d-bearing E (EC3d) by treatment of EC3bi with trypsin. Using bovine E (Eb) as indicators, approximately 11% of the lymphocytes bound EbC3b, 6% bound EbC3bi and 2% bound EbC3d. Fractionation of the lymphocytes by adsorption to monolayers of C3-fragment-bearing Eb or by rosetting indicated that most of the cells with receptors for C3b were distinct from those having receptors for C3bi and/or C3d. Cells from two lymphoblastoid cell lines (Raji and Daudi) formed strong rosettes with EC3b, which were weak. 51Cr-labeled E was used as a target in antibody, C3-fragment-bearing E was not lysed by the lymphocytes. However, at suboptimal concentrations of IgG enhancing capacity of the fragments occurred in the order of C3bi greater than C3d greater than C3b. In addition, C3-fragment bearing cells inhibited the lysis of antibody-coated cells not concluded that target cell bound C3 fragments enhance ADCC by improving contact between target cells and those effector cells which have C3 receptors. Cell-bound C3 effector cells. It is proposed that certain lymphocytes are capable of interacting with C3bi in addition to C3b and C3d and that C3bi and C3d have a greater regulatory effect on their cytolytic function than C3b. PMID- 7252422 TI - Membrane distribution and adsorptive endocytosis by C3b receptors on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - C3b receptors on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were nonrandomly distributed in small clusters on the plasma membranes of these cells when assessed by indirect immunofluorescence at 0 degree C using monospecific rabbit Fab' or F(ab')2 anti-C3b receptor and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) conjugated goat IgG anti-F(ab')2. When PMN were incubated with the bivalent anti C3b receptor at 37 rather than at 0 degree C, almost no immunofluorescence was observed, which indicates that the C3b receptor-F(ab')2 complexes had been rendered inaccessible to TRITC-IgG anti-F(ab')2. Endocytosis of the anti-C3b receptor ligand was quantitated by measuring the binding 131I-IgG anti-F(ab')2 by PMN that had previously taken up 125I-F(ab')2 anti-C3b receptor at 0 and at 37 degree C, respectively. There was a constant 2: 1 molar ratio of anti-F(ab')2 to anti-C3b receptor with PMN that had been incubated with the first antibody at 0 degree C. In contrast, when increments of F(ab')2 anti-C3b receptor were taken up by the cells at 37 degree C, there was a dose-related decline in this molar ratio to a minimum of 0.2 molecules of anti-F(ab')2 anti-F(ab')2 bound per molecule of PMN-associated anti-C3b receptor. 125I-F(ab')2 anti-C3b receptor taken up by PMN at 37 degree C was also inaccessible to release by proteolytic treatment of the cells with pronase. The rate of endocytosis of 125I-F(ab')2 anti-C3b receptor was rapid as the PMN-bound antibody fragment became inaccessible to 131I-IgG anti F(ab')2 within 10 min during incubation of the cells at 37 degree C. In contrast to these findings, 125I-Fab' anti-C3b receptor that was taken up by PMN at 37 degree C remained accessible to both 131I-IgG anti-F(ab')2 and to proteolytic release by pronase, which suggests that monovalent interaction of ligand with C3b receptors was not sufficient for induction of endocytosis. The requirement for multivalency was also demonstrated using the C3b-OR, the normal ligand for the C3b receptor. 125I-C3b-OR was specifically bound by PMN but remained on the cell receptor. 125I-C3b-OR was specifically bound by PMN but remained on the cell surface, as determined by its accessibility to pronase, unless it was cross linked with F(ab')2 anti-C3. Although C3b receptors on PMN do not mediate internalization of adsorptive pinocytosis of soluble ligand indicates their potential for the clearance of C3b-bearing immune complexes without recruitment of other cell surface receptors. PMID- 7252423 TI - Characterization of a spontaneous disease of white leghorn chickens resembling progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). AB - University of California, Davis (UCD) line 200 White Leghorn Chickens spontaneously develop a syndrome that has many analogous features to human progressive systemic sclerosis. This syndrome is characterized by progressive involution of comb, dermal fibrosis, and distal polyarthritis. These three features occur within 6 wk after hatching, and are accompanied by a 40% mortality as a result of vaso-occlusive disease, with development of secondary infection of peripheral gangrenous lesions. Birds that survive greater than 2 mo after hatching progressively develop fibrosis of the esophagous and mononuclear infiltration of heart and kidney, with prominent occlusion of small and medium sized blood vessels. In addition, line 200 chickens develop rheumatoid factors, antinuclear antibodies, and antibodies to collagen, but do not have antibodies to thymocytes, DNA, or extractable nuclear antigens. Moreover, antinuclear antibodies when studied using HEp-2 cells as substrate demonstrate predominantly a speckled pattern. This syndrome of line 200 chickens is not detectable in F1 crosses to several UCD inbred lines. F1 X parental line BC1 backcrosses have an approximately 50% incidence of disease, suggesting that this syndrome is inherited as autosomal recessive. However, only 4% of F2 generation birds show abnormal symptoms, suggesting the presence of modifying genes. There is no appearance of IgG deposition, as determined by immunofluorescence, in either skin, blood vessels, esophagus, or heart. However, approximately 20% of chickens have a glomerulonephritis; this feature appears to be a terminal event and does not appear clinically significant. Although this syndrome of line 200 chickens has several features that are in sharp distinction to human scleroderma, the presence of common immunologic and pathologic denominators suggest that this spontaneous disease may be an appropriate model to develop a better understanding of autoimmune connective tissue diseases. PMID- 7252424 TI - Interaction of Leishmania with a macrophage cell line. Correlation between intracellular killing and the generation of oxygen intermediates. AB - The promastigote form of Leishmania donovani and Leishmania tropica, the etiologic agents of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively, readily parasitize unstimulated J774G8 macrophage-like cells, whereas 80-95% of the same promastigotes are killed within resident macrophages from normal BALB/c mice. This striking difference in intracellular anti-leishmanial activity correlated closely with the capacity to generate toxic oxygen intermediates. Thus, after triggering with phorbol myristate acetate or phagocytosis of zymosan or promastigotes, 90% of the J774G8 cells failed to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, and released 5-10-fold less O2- and H2O2 than BALB/c macrophages. Exposure to concanavalin A-stimulated lymphokine, however, effectively enhanced the oxidative response of J774G8 cells, and, similarly, induced intracellular anti-leishmanial activity. Inhibiting macrophage H2O2 production consistently decreased the killing of Leishmania by lymphokine-treated J774G8 cells. These observations illustrate the usefulness of examining homogeneous macrophage cell lines that are deficient in a particular effector function, and also serve reemphasize the important role of oxygen intermediates in the microbicidal response of mononuclear phagocytes to intracellular parasites. PMID- 7252425 TI - Expression of resistance to Friend virus-stimulated erythropoiesis in bone marrow chimeras containing Fv-2rr and Fv-2ss bone marrow. AB - Bone marrow chimeras were formed containing mixtures of DBA/2 (Fv-2ss, Hbbdd) and B10.D2 (Fv-2rr, Hbbss) bone marrow. When these mice were infected with the polycythemia-inducing strain of Friend virus, erythropoiesis was stimulated, but the proportion of B10.D2 hemoglobin fell rapidly and newly synthesized hemoglobin was essentially all of the DBA/2 type. The treatment of infected polycythemic chimeras with phenylhydrazine lowered the hematocrit and restored the synthesis of B10.D2 hemoglobin. These results imply that B10.D2 erythroid precursors are intrinsically resistant to Friend virus-stimulated erythropoiesis. The experiments also suggest that virus-stimulated erythropoiesis is not mediated by a factor or cell-cell interactions, unless such factors or interactions do not act across strain barriers. PMID- 7252426 TI - Studies of the cell surface of mouse dendritic cells and other leukocytes. AB - The surface of dendritic cells (DC) has been analyzed by means of monoclonal antibodies (Ab) and lactoperoxidase (LPO)-mediated radioiodination. Antigens and other exteriorily disposed polypeptides of purified spleen DC were compared with those of tissue macrophages (Mphi), monocytes, and other bone marrow-derived elements. Quantitative binding studies and autoradiography with (125)I-Ab established that DC expressed high levels of I-A and H-2D, 2 x 10(5) and 1 x 10(5) Ab binding sites per cell, respectively. DC from conventional, germ-free, and specific pathogen-free mice were all rich in Ia. Expression of Ia on B cells was 5-10 percent of that on DC and increased fivefold during lipopolysaccharide mitogenesis. More than 70-90 percent of purified Mphi and monocytes from specific pathogen-free mice were Ia negative, but increased levels of Ia were noted on cells from mice reared under conventional conditions. Thus large amounts of Ia on DC is a constitutive trait, whereas the expression of Ia by other cell types may be governed by the environmental and immunological status of the host. The 2.4G2 Fc receptor Ag was not detected on DC. Peritoneal and spleen Mphi had 10(5) 2.4G2 binding sites/cell, whereas monocytes and lymphocytes were less reactive (1 x 10(4)-3 x 10(4) binding sites/cell). Four other Mphi-related antigens were evaluated. Each had a distinctive tissue distribution and none bound exclusively to Mphi and monocytes. Neither 1.21J (Mac-1) nor F4/80 reacted with DC. Immunoprecipitation studies of externally ((125)I) and biosynthetically ([(35)S]methionine)dabeled cells confirmed the binding data. Sensitive binding assays with (125)I-Ab confirmed previous observations that DC lack Ig and Thy-1. Lyt-1 was also not found on DC, but 5-12 percent of the cells in purified DC preparations expressed both Lyt-2 and Ia. All DC expressed the leukocyte common antigens at levels similar to other leukocytes. The spectrum of surface polypeptides labeled by LPO-mediated iodination was different on Mphi, DC, and lymphocytes. Polypeptides migrating at molecular weights of 155,000, 85,000, and 62,000 appeared to be restricted to DC. These observations establish that the cell surface of DC differs considerably from other leukocytes, including the blood monocyte, and suggest that the DC is part of a unique Ia-rich leukocyte differentiation pathway. PMID- 7252427 TI - (NZW x BXSB)F1 hybrid. A model of acute lupus and coronary vascular disease with myocardial infarction. AB - Both sexes of the (NZW x BXSB)F1 mice developed an early systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease. In males, the disease resembled that in the BXSB male parent and was not affected by sex hormonal manipulation. In females, the disease duplicated that of (NZB x NZW)F1 females by virtue of a delayed onset and estrogen dependence. Autoantibody production, circulating Ig-bound gp 70 immune complexes, and deposition of Ig and gp 70 in the affected glomeruli were demonstrated in both males and females. The abnormally high incidence of degenerative coronary vascular disease with myocardial infarction, particularly in these F1 males, provides a useful model for the investigation of a possible immunologic component in coronary vascular disease. PMID- 7252428 TI - Isolation of an internal clock. PMID- 7252429 TI - The family physician's family. PMID- 7252431 TI - Occupational and environmental disease in family practice. PMID- 7252430 TI - Mania and thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7252433 TI - The family physician in New Zealand. PMID- 7252432 TI - Injury prevention in children. PMID- 7252435 TI - The changing American family and society: implications for family physicians. PMID- 7252436 TI - Diagnostic use of ambulary blood pressure monitoring in medical practice. AB - This paper covers the use of a long-term, ambulatory, indirect blood pressure monitoring device in a series of sequentially selected, consenting patients exhibiting an office blood pressure of 140/90 mmGh or greater. Of the 62 patients reported, 32 percent were found to have randomly elevated pressures neither requiring treatment or labeling as hypertensive. The Pressurometer III (Del Mar Avionics) offers a major improvement in the diagnosis of hypertension. PMID- 7252434 TI - Self-assessment in family practice. PMID- 7252438 TI - A prospective study of 60 consecutive psychiatric consultations in a family medicine clinic. AB - This paper describes a prospective study collating demographic, medical, psychiatric, and illness behavior characteristics of 60 consecutive patients referred for consultation to a psychiatric liaison physician attending in a family medical clinic. The data were accumulated to add to the developing body of information about the characteristic psychosocial problems family physicians treat. Results showed that the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis in these patients was primary affective disorder depression. The presence of somatic complaints often obscured the recognition and management of psychiatric syndromes such as depression, anxiety neurosis, personality disorder, family and marital discord, psychosis, and alcoholism. The importance of training in psychopharmacology and time limited psychotherapy was underscored by the frequent consultant recommendations for the use of these treatment modalities by the family physician. Patients averaged 2.4 illness problems (psychosocial problems and reactions that arise from a perceived illness), pointing to the need to systematically evaluate and treat them concomitantly with traditional disease problems. PMID- 7252437 TI - The extended tip spatula for cervical cytology. AB - An important factor in assessing the adequacy of cervical cytologic preparation is the presence of endocervical cells in the Pap smear. A study in a university based family practice center compares the percentage of "adequate" smears obtained by using the standard Ayre spatula and cotton tipped applicator with the yield obtained while using a new extended tip cervical spatula. A significant increase in the percentage of slides with endocervical cells is found where extended tip spatulas are used for harvesting cervical and endocervical cells. PMID- 7252440 TI - A time management system for preventing physician impairment. AB - Physicians, who are generally perceived as privileged persons in American society, are greatly overworked as a group and sometimes are quite troubled as individuals. Much of their dissatisfaction appears to stem from an open-ended work schedule. A specific method is suggested whereby physicians in private or salaried group practice can take steps to control their working hours. This method, properly applied, can lead to improved productivity, greater patient satisfaction, and enhanced personal health for the physician. Use of this analysis may be helpful to currently functioning medical groups wishing to improve their work schedules as well as to physicians or institutions contemplating new group formation. PMID- 7252439 TI - The changing profile of the American family. AB - There has been much speculation recently in both the popular and professional literature about the status of the American family. Accounts of family life in the United States are generally pessimistic, focusing on high divorce rates and other indicators of instability. This paper briefly examines the development of research on the family. The state of the contemporary American family is then discussed, pointing especially to indicators both of the family's stability and the family's ill health. Finally, some speculations are presented about future directions for research in the field. PMID- 7252441 TI - Federal-state synergy in family medicine education. AB - During the 1960s national policy groups assessed the consequences of a four decade decline in the nation's number of general practitioners. Various proposals were offered to make general practice a more attractive specialty. Most of the proposals have been institutionalized by means of a family practice specialty board, accredited family practice residency programs, and academic family practice units in medical schools. In retrospect, two events can be identified as critical factors in the successful launching of the family practice specialty: (1) the merging of the movement to make real the theoretical, normative concept of the primary care physician proposed in the academic literature with a reform movement within the clinically based, politically astute American Academy of General Practice and (2) the establishment of extramural funds for family practice, which helped it gain a crucial foothold within academic medical centers. The broad themes of the family practice movement, established in the 1960s and 1970s, continue to be appropriate themes for the 1980s and 1990s. PMID- 7252442 TI - Clinical pharmacy in the family practice residency programs. AB - A descriptive study of all family practice residencies in the United States was conducted to determine the level of teaching by clinical pharmacists. Ninety percent of the programs were covered, and 29 percent of them had teaching involvement by pharmacists. Two thirds of all pharmacists held an academic appointment. One half of the pharmacists had a Doctor of Pharmacy degree. Three fourths were under 36 years of age and the salary ranged from +15,000 to over +27,000. Duties of the pharmacists were extremely varied. In general, residency directors reported that adding clinical pharmacy to the teaching program was a positive asset. PMID- 7252443 TI - Culdocentesis. AB - Culdocentesis is a procedure to obtain free fluid from the cul de sac of women. Physicians who provide comprehensive or gynecologic care to women should be capable of this procedure. The main indications are suspected ectopic pregnancy and suspected acute salpingitis or pelvic inflammatory disease. Although the procedure is not difficult or dangerous, many fine points of technique improve the outcome. Results are usually clear-cut and provide immediate and critical information for the management of the patient. PMID- 7252444 TI - The house call--valued in family practice? PMID- 7252445 TI - Diagnosis and management of post-pill amenorrhea. AB - Post-pill amenorrhea is, in most cases, a relatively uncomplicated medical problem to diagnose and treat, but it is imperative to exclude pituitary tumors or serious endocrinological abnormalities before treatment is begun. Subjectively, post-pill amenorrhea is the failure to resume menstruation within six months after discontinuation of oral contraceptives. Objectively, a pattern of hypothalamic deficiency may be found, which usually consists of low values for the gonadotropic and ovarian hormones and mild to moderate elevations of prolactin. Treatment is required only if pregnancy is desired. Two very effective drugs are available that can be safely administered by the interested family physician: bromocriptine and clomiphene. Women not desiring pregnancy at the time can be managed with reassurance in the expectation of a spontaneous return of menstruation and with periodic follow-ups that may include progesterone withdrawal testing. PMID- 7252446 TI - Adverse reactions to simultaneous influenza and pneumococcal vaccination. AB - The perceptions of 202 patients who were given either influenza vaccine (n = 68), pneumococcal vaccine (n = 45), or both (n = 95) as to local and systemic toxicity are compared. Pneumococcal vaccination and simultaneous vaccination caused a minimally greater frequency and severity of side effects compared to influenza vaccination. Simultaneous vaccination for influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia appears to be safe. PMID- 7252447 TI - Preparation of parents for birthing and infant care. AB - The responses to a survey questionnaire of families who used three family practice residency model clinics for obstetric care were examined to determine their perceptions of the usefulness and adequacy of the preparation they received for childbearing and infant care. In this study, variables that often are assumed to be related to adequacy of information, such as parity, attendance at prenatal and in-hospital classes, rooming in, rest, privacy, visitors, and opportunity to ask questions, were also assessed. The educational resource that was rated highest by parents was prenatal discussion with the physician. Ninety-four percent of the respondents reported that clinicians answered their questions adequately. However, for 5 of the 11 issues pertaining to an aspect of family functioning, preparation was rated as inadequate by 40 to 50 percent of the mothers. The only variables that were significantly related to the mean adequacy of-preparation score were amounts of rest and privacy as well as the opportunity as perceived by the mother to ask questions of clinicians. Furthermore, multiparous and primiparous parents did not differ significantly in the extent to which they perceived themselves to be prepared for infant care. PMID- 7252448 TI - Selecting patients for brief office counseling. AB - Family physicians in training are expected to develop expertise in a variety of clinical areas, including the capability to respond to the psychological needs of their patients. Despite this, many physicians in training are not taught to discriminate between patients likely to benefit from brief office counseling and patients who are not. Certain criteria may predict success in brief counseling. These include characteristics of the patient, the patient's presenting problem, the physician's initial response to the patient and his problem, and the ability of the patient and the physician to come to an agreement on the nature and resolution of the problem. Clinical examples depicting requests for counseling illustrate the problems associated with the failure to consider these prognostic criteria. Precautions associated with using these predictors of counseling success are listed and discussed. PMID- 7252449 TI - The house call in current medical practice. AB - There is currently a resurgence of interest in house calls in American primary care. Studies have shown that at least 53 percent of family physicians still do house calls, although younger physicians may be less likely to do house calls than their older colleagues. To gain a deeper insight into the house call, one must appreciate the types of house calls: (1) the emergency house call, (2) the acute illness house call, (3) the chronic illness house call, (4) the dying patient house call, (5) the house call to pronounce death, (6) the grief house call, (7) home management vs hospitalization house call, and (8) the home visit house call. The chronic illness house call is by far the most common type, but all can become important ingredients in comprehensive family practice. The training environment should emphasize the home visit type of house call, since one must learn to appreciate this type of encounter. PMID- 7252450 TI - Family home assessment in family practice residency programs. AB - Physician-patient encounters in the home setting have decreased dramatically in the United States in recent years. This has occurred in spite of the continued important role the home environment plays in family health and family illness care. Although decreasing in frequency, home visits are still an important facet of family practice. A survey of family practice residency programs revealed that home visits are being done in most programs and that faculty members have a positive outlook on their importance. Programs were found to vary widely in the types of learning experiences available to residents. There is an apparent need for residency programs to improve their teaching efforts involving family home visiting by establishing objectives, structured curricular time, clinical experience, and protocols consistent with this purpose. PMID- 7252452 TI - Symptoms encountered during a three-year family practice residency. AB - Family practice research so far has placed a heavy emphasis upon diagnoses (or problems). There are no published descriptive studies of symptoms collected in a family practice in the United States. This study is a collection of the symptoms encountered by a family medicine resident during his three years in a model unit. Three hundred four patients were seen, offering 1,377 complaints in 956 visits (1.44 symptom per visit). Morbidity related complaints consisted of 59 percent of the total, 9 percent of the total being low back or extremity complaints, while 41 percent were nonsymptomatic reasons for a visit. The majority of morbidity complaints dealt with pain. Three percent of the total consisted of delayed complaints, presented only after the resident previously had dealt with other minor complaints in that visit. The results corresponded closely to those found in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. PMID- 7252451 TI - A two-phase study of the reliability of computerized morbidity data. AB - This paper reports the results of a detailed examination of morbidity data collected at the Department of Family Medicine, Brown University Program in Medicine. The reliability study was conducted in two phases, spanning five years, with two distinct aims: (1) to assess the extent of consistency between morbidity data stored in the computer and those data abstracted from medical records, and (2) to determine the impact on data reliability of a standardized, precoded encounter form. This form was implemented between the first and second phases of the study. It was found that morbidity data stored in the computer represents 80 to 85 percent of identifiable morbidity in the medical records. In addition, approximately 8 percent of the computer stored health problems were either incorrectly coded or not found in the medical records. The data reliability improved between the two phases, which points to a positive impact of the encounter form in this setting. Several important methodological issues related to identification and coding of health problems surfaced during the study. These issues are discussed and are relevant to all researchers working with computerized morbidity data in family practice. PMID- 7252453 TI - Patient participation in a medical education environment. AB - Family practice residency programs are specifically directed toward training primary care physicians to serve the interests of communities. This paper describes two methods of developing a feedback mechanism to increase the awareness of physicians in training to patients' health needs and desires. One method involves the development of a patient advisory group in the Family Practice Center at The University of North Carolina, and the other an ongoing telephone survey of patients who call after hours. PMID- 7252455 TI - The royal roundworm: Ascaris lumbricoides. PMID- 7252454 TI - The medical care abuser: differential diagnosis and management. AB - The differential diagnosis of patients who are abusive of or seem addicted to medical care is discussed using the approach outlined in the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III of the American Psychiatric Association. These are generally chronic disorders and their managements, using the substance abuse/addiction model, are aimed at protecting both patients and physicians from unnecessary, expensive, and potentially lethal medical interventions. The disorders considered include somatization disorder (Briquet's syndrome), psychogenic pain disorder (psychalgia), hypochondriasis, factitious disorder, and malingering. PMID- 7252456 TI - Oropharyngeal tularemia: an uncommon cause of pharyngitis, fever, and adenopathy. PMID- 7252457 TI - Benefits of preparticipation sports examinations. PMID- 7252458 TI - New concepts about hair identification revealed by electron microscope studies. PMID- 7252459 TI - Sudden Death in cold water and ventricular arrhythmia. PMID- 7252460 TI - Narcotic-related deaths in the District of Columbia: 1971-1979. AB - Two hundred eighty-seven deaths directly related to narcotic abuse occurred in the District of columbia between July 1971 and December 1979. Factors contributing to death in some cases included lack of opiate tolerance as well as the conjoint abuse of ethanol. Free morphine was identified more often in the blood of victims dying rapidly than in the blood of those with longer post injection survival. A statistically significant correlation between the number of heroin-related fatalities and the purity of heroin available to the user was observed over the 8 1/2-year study period. PMID- 7252461 TI - Microscopic determination of age at death in an autopsy series. AB - The core technique was used to estimate age at death in 54 forensic science cases. Femurs provided the most accurate age estimates, followed by tibiae, then humeri. Accurate age estimates were derived for two groups of individuals: younger than and older than 40 years of age. Certain skeletal abnormalities and conditions were found to affect the accuracy of the technique. PMID- 7252462 TI - Zinc concentrations in vitreous humor: a postmortem study comparing alcoholic and other patients. PMID- 7252463 TI - Sites of suicidal gunshot wounds. AB - Two hundred twenty-six suicides by firearms were analyzed to determine the entrance wound site. Overall, the head was the most favored site, accounting for 75% of the wounds; specifically, the right temple accounted for 39% of the wounds. The data were further examined in terms of specific weapon types. In the case of handguns, the preference for the temple was even more prominent, with this site accounting for nearly two thirds of the wounds. With long guns the predominance of head wounds was less pronounced but still present. Correlations with sex and age showed no significant difference in choice of site but did show differences in selection of gunshot as the means of suicide. Correlations of site with handedness showed that most individuals held true to form but that a significant proportion (8%) inflicted their wounds on the other side. Finally, three cases of suicide by multiple gunshots are presented. PMID- 7252464 TI - Sudden unexpected death caused by neuroepithelial (colloid) cyst of the third ventricle. AB - Sudden unexpected death caused by a colloid cyst of the third ventricle in young apparently healthy persons is an uncommon phenomenon that nevertheless occurs regularly in medical examiner's cases and may occur in general hospital pathology practice. This entity has not received proper attention in the general or forensic pathology literature in spite of the fact that sudden death has been appreciated in the clinical literature for many years. We report four cases of sudden unexpected death in young persons whose only major previous complaint was that the chronic relapsing headaches. Because of the sudden and unexpected nature of their deaths, these cases came to the attention of the medical examiner and the colloid cysts were discovered at autopsy. The history of the lesion, its histogenesis, its pathological physiology, and the experiences of others are reviewed. PMID- 7252465 TI - The "body packer syndrome"-toxicity following ingestion of illicit drugs packaged for transportation. AB - Ten fatalities and one survivor of attempts to smuggle cocaine within the body were investigated. Most cases have occurred since 1979. All but one of the victims were male. Victims found dead at home or in hotel rooms had little or no drug paraphernalia at the scene, although abundant laxatives and enema apparatus were often evident. Some died aboard aircraft, and witnesses described agitated behavior followed by grand-mal type seizures, respiratory collapse, and death. Seven victims presented to hospital emergency rooms. The symptoms include mydriasis, seizures, acute toxic psychosis, and coma in various combinations. One individual, realizing his plight, sought emergency room help by claiming he attempted suicide by using cocaine. All victims had recently returned to the United States on flights from South America. Balloons, condoms, or plastic bags filled with 3 to 6 g of cocaine each were swallowed and found in the gastrointestinal tract of eight victims. One of these had ingested more than 147 packets totaling 460 g. Two victims inserted packets of cocaine into their rectums, and one woman was found with nearly 170 g of cocaine in her vagina. The packets, being semipermeable membranes, do not have to break open to cause death from acute cocaine toxicity. Characteristic autopsy and radiologic findings, circumstances of death, and toxicologic data are presented. The "body packer syndrome" should be considered in any international traveler who dies suddenly, has seizures, or presents with any signs consistent with cocaine toxicity. PMID- 7252466 TI - Current evidence for the existence of laryngeal macrotremor and microtremor. AB - To test for the existence of laryngeal "microtremors" two experiments were conducted on humans. The first analyzed the acoustic characteristics of observable tremors (macrotremors) in the voice of singers using vocal vibrato and in pathologic subjects producing vocal tremor. In both of these groups acoustic oscillations between 4 and 8 Hz were found. The second study, using a normal subject, sampled electromyographic (EMG) activity from laryngeal and arm muscles during isometric contraction to determine if a periodic component (microtremor) was present in either muscle's contraction pattern. A 9-Hz signal was detected in limb muscle contraction, whereas no periodicity was found in signals from laryngeal muscles. The application of these findings to the theory behind voice "stress" analyzers is discussed PMID- 7252467 TI - The rehydration and isolation of leukocytes from dried bloodstains. AB - The extraction of leukocytes from dried bloodstains on a variety of surfaces was explored in terms of percentage of recovery. A glycerol-containing solution produced excellent results for many of the surfaces. The outstanding exception was cotton and related cloths, for which a moderate to good result was obtained with a 2-h incubation at 4 degrees C using human serum. A major factor affecting the yield was the blood's ability to form a fibrin network (clotting). In pellets; in blood obtained from a finger prick, a dried crust or pellet yielded only 10 to 25%. A fibrous network containing a large number of entrapped leukocytes was observed under a microscope. This network was identified as fibrin, which acted to collect the cells. The "fibrin-concentrated" leukocytes may be used directly for testing or they can be released by the action of the enzyme plasmin under carefully controlled conditions. Leukocytes may be concentrated from the extraction solution by centrifugation. This step must be done at acidic pH. Leukocyte yields have been high enough to make sex determinations, polymorphic enzyme typing, and human lymphocyte and surface antigen typing feasible in the future. PMID- 7252468 TI - An improved method of gunshot wound examination. AB - Examination fo gunshot wounds can frequently be obscured by dried blood and other extraneous artifacts. This note describes a method that involves irrigation of the wound with commercial hydrogen peroxide (3% by volume). Which enhances the wound without altering the abrasion ring or powder residues. PMID- 7252469 TI - The identification of human bloodstains by means of a micro-thin-layer immunoassay procedure. AB - A method for the identification of human bloodstains using a micro-thin-layer immunoassay (TIA) procedure is presented. The equivalent of approximately 0.01 micro /leter of human blood may be detected using this method with anti-human hemoglobin. Blind studies and stability studies indicate that the method is sufficiently specific and sensitive to be of forensic science value. PMID- 7252470 TI - Detection of phencyclidine in hair. AB - Phencyclidine (PCP) can be detected in human hair wih commercially available radioimmunoassay regents. hair samples of all subjects admitting PCP use were positive, while thin-layer chromatographic urine analyses were positive in only one of seven cases. Presumably the drug is incorporated into the hair during periods of drug use and then retained in that particular section of the hair for its lifetime. Earlier results in this laboratory in a more detailed study of opiate retention in hair indicated not only that nanogram levels of the drug could be measured in a single strand of hair, but also that sectional analysis of the strand could indicate the time of drug use. The PCP results again suggest that the hair sample could serve as a valuable tool in the determination of drug abuse histories. The sample accessibility and stability and the long-term retention of the drugs in hair exemplify the potential advantages of the hair sample over the body fluid sample. PMID- 7252471 TI - Detection of phenobarbital in bloodstains, semen, seminal stains, saliva, saliva stains, perspiration stains, and hair. PMID- 7252472 TI - Fatal methemoglobinemia resulting from ingestion of isobutyl nitrite, a "room odorizer" widely used for recreational purposes. AB - The alkyl nitrites, specifically isobutyl nitrite, have taken a prominent place among those substances enjoying widespread recreational use, primarily in discotheques and in any toxicologically verified deaths, the chemical may cause fatal toxic methemoglobinemia if ingested. A case with a fatal outcome is presented, and the chemistry and toxicology of the substance are discussed. PMID- 7252473 TI - Sudden unexpected death due to asymptomatic cardiac rhabdomyoma. AB - A case of cardiac rhabdomyoma producing sudden unexpected death in an asymptomatic six-year-old boy is reported. Cardiac rhabdomyoma is a rare tumor, and its ability to cause sudden unexpected death in children beyond infancy is not generally known. The great majority of afflicted patients die in the early infancy; few survive beyond five years of age. The signs and symptoms present in most cases are said to be due to interference of interaction blood flow or to interruption of the cardiac conduction system. Numerous cases have been clinically misdiagnosed because of this tumor's ability to mimic other cardiac disease. PMID- 7252474 TI - The importance of examining skin and hair for semen in sexual assault cases. PMID- 7252475 TI - Interpretation of shoe wear patterns in a personal injury case. PMID- 7252476 TI - Flash photolysis of rhodopsin in the cat retina. AB - The bleaching of rhodopsin by short-duration flashes of a xenon discharge lamp was studied in vivo in the cat retina with the aid of a rapid, spectral-scan fundus reflectometer. Difference spectra recorded over a broad range of intensities showed that the bleaching efficacy of high-intensity flashes was less than that of longer duration, steady lights delivering the same amount of energy. Both the empirical results and those derived from a theoretical analysis of flash photolysis indicate that, under the conditions of these experiments, the upper limit of the flash bleaching of rhodopsin in cat is approximately 90%. Although the fact that a full bleach could not be attained is attributable to photoreversal, i.e., the photic regeneration of rhodopsin from its light sensitive intermediates, the 90% limit is considerably higher than the 50% (or lower) value obtained under other experimental circumstances. Thus, it appears that the duration (approximately 1 ms) and spectral composition of the flash, coupled with the kinetic parameters of the thermal and photic reactions in the cat retina, reduce the light-induced regeneration of rhodopsin to approximately 10%. PMID- 7252478 TI - "Rapid regeneration" in the cat retina: a case for spreading depression. AB - Fundus reflectometry of the cat retina showed that under certain circumstances a rapid increase in density may follow intense bleaching exposures. The spectral characteristics of the density changes indicated that neither rhodopsin nor its bleach products could be responsible for this effect. The poor condition of the animals in which the phenomenon was observed and its conspicuous absence in the majority of the experimental runs suggested that the effect was associated with a process other than the resynthesis of rhodopsin. It was shown that an extrareceptoral event, spreading depression (SD) of the retina, is the most likely source of the rapid spectral change. The well-known tissue alterations associated with SD were induced in the retina independently of pigment density change. The resultant difference spectra resembled those produced when the rapid density increase occurred spontaneously. It seems likely that the abnormal physiological condition of those cats in which the phenomenon is more frequently observed primes the retina for the light-induced generation of spreading depression. PMID- 7252477 TI - Rhodopsin kinetics in the cat retina. AB - The bleaching and regeneration of rhodopsin in the living cat retina was studied by means of fundus reflectometry. Bleaching was effected by continuous light exposures of 1 min or 20 min, and the changes in retinal absorbance were measured at 29 wavelengths. For all of the conditions studied (fractional bleaches of from 65 to 100%), the regeneration of rhodopsin to its prebleach levels required greater than 60 min in darkness. After the 1-min exposures, the difference spectra recorded during the first 10 min of dark adaptation were dominated by photoproduct absorption, and rhodopsin regeneration kinetics were obscured by these intermediate processes. Extending the bleaching duration to 20 min gave the products of photolysis an opportunity to dissipate, and it was possible to follow the regenerative process over its full time-course. It was not possible, however, to fit these data with the simple exponential function predicted by first-order reaction kinetics. Other possible mechanisms were considered and are presented in the text. Nevertheless, the kinetics of regeneration compared favorably with the temporal changes in log sensitivity determined electrophysiologically by other investigators. Based on the bleaching curve for cat rhodopsin, the photosensitivity was determined and found to approximate closely the value obtained for human rhodopsin; i.e., the energy Ec required to bleach 1-e-1 of the available rhodopsin was 7.09 log scotopic troland-seconds (corrected for the optics of the cat eye), as compared with approximately 7.0 in man. PMID- 7252479 TI - Evidence that Streptococcus mutans constructs its membrane with excess fluidity for survival at suboptimal temperatures. AB - When cells from cultures of Streptococcus mutans strain FA-1 grown at 37 degrees C were exposed to incubation temperatures of 26 degrees C or less for 5 min or more, an extensive aggregation of particles was observed on the convex fracture faces of their freeze-cleaved membranes. Aggregation of particles was accompanied by a parallel increase in the activation energy for growth. By shifting the growth temperature from 37 to 24 degrees C for one doubling of culture mass, the transition temperature for membrane particle aggregation could be lowered from about 26 to 0 degrees C. Although membrane lipids became enriched with unsaturated fatty acids during this period of growth at 24 degrees C, this enrichment was not accompanied by an increased growth rate of the culture. However, the period of growth at 24 degrees C did result in bacteria that could grow more rapidly at 10 degrees C than could bacteria directly transferred from cultures grown at 37 degrees C. These observations suggest that the increase in membrane fluidity that occurs when bacteria are grown at 24 degrees C doses not allow bacteria to grow faster at 24 degrees C, but rather allows them to adapt more readily to further decreases in growth temperature. PMID- 7252480 TI - Generalized transduction in Bacillus thuringiensis var. berliner 1715 using bacteriophage CP-54Ber. AB - A phage isolated from lysates of phage CP-54 grown on Bacillus cereus 569 and selected on the basis of its ability to infect Bacillus thuringiensis var. berliner 1715 (serotype I) was designated CP-54Ber. Phages CP-54Ber and CP-54 were similar in size, morphology, cryosensitivity and stabilization by dimethyl sulphoxide. They showed significant differences with regard to inactivation by specific antiserum, adsorption to the berliner strains and host range. Phage CP 54Ber was able to mediate generalized transduction in the host strain berliner 1715 with frequencies ranging between 1 x 10(-5) and 1 x 10(-6). Cotransduction of markers was demonstrated. Cross-transduction occurred between strains belonging to serotype I whereas it was more difficult to observe when lysates were prepared on strains from other serotypes. PMID- 7252481 TI - Plasmid-specified sucrose fermentation in Salmonella arizonae. AB - Thirty cultures of Salmonella arizonae 47:r:253 (Ar 23:24-25) were isolated over 7 months from the faeces of a captive reptile. All were unusual in their inability to produce a positive o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactosidase reaction, and in their ability to ferment sucrose. These S. arizonae carried a plasmid having a molecular mass of 72 megadaltons which specified tetracycline resistance and a plasmid of 5 megadaltons which coded for the ability to ferment sucrose. The small size of this sucrose plasmid clearly distinguishes it from others which have been reported. PMID- 7252483 TI - Interneurons of the crayfish brain: the relationship between dendrite location and afferent input. AB - This study was undertaken to examine the relationship between the structure and function of the descending interneurons of the crayfish brain. In particular, the dendritic fields were examined to ascertain if the location of an interneuronal dendrite in any of the six cerebral hemineuromeres (which subserve specific sensory modalities) is a necessary or sufficient condition to determine the functional and/or synaptic input to the interneuron. If a neuron projects a dendrite to a hemineuromere of the deutocerebrum or tritocerebrum, the neuron derives sensory input from the corresponding afferent root in 95% of our observations. Most of these inputs (86%) contain at the least a monosynaptic component. Conversely, if a cell derives monosynaptic input from any one of three of the four deutocerebral and tritocerebral roots tested, it has a corresponding dendrite (in 98% of our observations) in the appropriate hemineuromere. Input from the contralateral antennal nerve is an exception to this rule. The presence of a dendrite in the protocerebrum is not sufficient for predicting detectable visual input, but every instance of detectable visual input is associated with a protocerebral dendrite. Polysynaptic inputs are frequently (42%) not associated with corresponding dendrites. In neurons that were repeatedly dye filled in different animals, we observed significant variation only in the number and precise location of the smaller secondary and tertiary neurites. This variation rarely influenced the subset of sensory lobes innervated by the neuron. PMID- 7252482 TI - Yeasts in the rumen contents of musk oxen. AB - The yeast flora of 16 samples of rumen contents of musk oxen (ovibos moschatus) from East Greenland was examined. Variable numbers of yeast colonies developed on agar plates incubated at 25 degrees C, the counts being up to 136000 per g (wet wt). Of the 41 strains isolated, the majority belonged to Candida and Cryptococcus; others were species of Trichosporon, Rhodotorula, Torulopsis and Pichia. Very few colonies appeared on plates incubated at 37 degrees C, and only one species of Candida was isolated. Samples of rumen contents kept at about 5 degrees C for about 3 years contained a much greater number of yeasts, up to several million per g (wet wt) being counted on agar plates incubated at 25, 15 and 5 degrees C. The 30 strains isolated were of only three species of Candida, and none were obligate psychrophils. PMID- 7252484 TI - Effects of furosemide on neural mechanisms in Aplysia. AB - The effects of furosemide on action potentials and responses to several neurotransmitters have been studied in the neurons of Aplysia. Furosemide (10(-7) and 10(-3) M) does not visibly affect the normal action potential in R15 neurons. However, when TTX (30 microM) is used to block the sodium component in R15, the remaining spike (presumably the calcium component) is increased in amplitude in the presence of furosemide. Furosemide also alters transmitter-induced conductances. Furosemide greatly reduces the amplitude and shifts, in a depolarizing direction, the reversal potential of chloride-dependent responses to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine (ACh). This suggests that furosemide both blocks the chloride channel and inhibits a chloride pump. ACh induced sodium responses were also reduced by furosemide but to a lesser extent than chloride responses. The potassium response to ACh and a voltage-dependent calcium response to serotonin were not altered. These results indicate that furosemide could alter synaptic responses both presynaptically by enhancement of calcium flux during the action potential and postsynaptically by blockade of chloride and sodium conductances. PMID- 7252485 TI - Unique, identifiable local nonspiking interneurons in the locust mesothoracic ganglion. AB - The hypothesis that local nonspiking interneurons are unique and identifiable has been tested rigorously for a neuron in the mesothoracic ganglion of the locust. Neurons were physiologically characterized and subsequently stained with cobalt ions. The resulting preparations were examined in whole mounts and serial sections. It is concluded that at least three neurons are unique, based upon a combination of their function, gross morphology, and the location and size of their main processes relative to other neurons. It is strongly suggested that there are other local nonspiking interneurons that are unique and identifiable. A classification system for local nonspiking interneurons is proposed. The implications of this finding for future neuroethological studies are discussed. PMID- 7252486 TI - Soma spike of neuroendocrine bag cells of Aplysia californica. AB - Soma action potentials of the neuroendocrine bag cells of Aplysia californica were studied with intracellular recording and current injection. Spikes in artificial sea water (ASW) were either graded with increasing depolarizing current pulses, or had a well-defined threshold. The latter spikes typically had faster rise times with larger overshoots and hyperpolarizing afterpotentials. Repetitive stimulation led to spike potentiation (SP), manifested as an increase in overshoot amplitude and duration of successive spikes in a train. SP was usually detectable at 0.5 Hz, and maximal between 0.8 and 4 Hz. Concomitant accommodation occurred rapidly at greater than or equal to 5 Hz. The increase in spike duration during SP resulted from a progressive enhancement of an inflection on the repolarizing phase. The inflection was dependent on membrane potential; small depolarizations (5-10 mV) enhanced it; hyperpolarization (less than 35 mV) reduced it. Solutions with O--Na+ (Tris-substituted) or O--Ca2+ (1 mM EGTA) revealed mixed Na+/Ca2+ spikes with variable degrees of Na+ versus Ca2+ dominance. Cd2+, Co2+, and Mn2+ reversibly abolished the inflection on the repolarizing phase, indicating that it is Ca2+ mediated; the spike was reduced irreversibly at higher concentrations. SP was generally reduced only if the spike was severely attenuated. It is proposed that SP results primarily from a voltage- and time-dependent potassium inactivation which then unmasks a calcium current. SP may play a role in augmenting the release of egg-laying hormone. PMID- 7252488 TI - Mechanical properties of a slow muscle in the cockroach. AB - The mechanical properties of the metacoxal muscle, 177d, in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, was investigated. The muscle exhibited a mean resting tension of 2.6 +/- 1.3g SD. Neurally evoked tension summed with the resting tension and the relaxation phase of the evoked tension varied from less than 1 s to several minutes. This residual tension varied not only in duration but also in amplitude. Stimulation of inhibitory axons increased the rate of relaxation and thereby abolished the residual tension. However, inhibitory stimulation never reduced the resting tension. Stimulation of the main leg nerve at several times the threshold of the inhibitory axons could evoke residual tension. Recording of synaptic potentials from the two histochemically different fiber types (dorsal and ventral groups) revealed large hyperpolarizations in the ventral fibers and decreased duration and amplitude of excitatory potentials in the dorsal fibers. These results suggest that there are a variety of ways in which tension can be evoked, maintained, and controlled in these muscles. PMID- 7252487 TI - Effect of chronic ethanol exposure on the electric membrane properties of DRG neurons in cell culture. AB - Neural cell cultures of adult mouse dorsal root ganglia were utilized to investigate the effects of chronic ethanol exposure on neuronal electric membrane properties (EMP). After 12 days of exposure to various ethanol concentrations, the EMP of the neurons were determined in ethanol-free medium. Significant changes in a number of EMP were observed. Of particular physiological significance were decreased specific membrane resistance, increased specific membrane capacitance, relatively little change in membrane time constant, and increased electrical excitability. Various features of the action potential were also affected, e.g., reduced overshoot, afterhyperpolarization, and rate of rise. In preliminary experiments, EMP were determined at varying periods after the cultures had been withdrawn from ethanol medium and maintained in ethanol-free medium. These results indicated that the altered EMP persisted as long as one (Cm) to two (Rm) weeks after ethanol withdrawal. A possible mechanism for these ethanol-induced changes in EMP was suggested, utilizing the membrane expansion theory of anesthesia. Because of few previous reports demonstrating significant electrophysiological effects of ethanol at pharmacological concentrations, the neural cell culture system provides a useful new experimental model for studying the action of chronic ethanol exposure on neuronal EMP and the physical basis of the tolerance and withdrawal phenomena found in alcoholism and addiction in general. After being maintained for 12 days in culture media containing various concentrations of ethanol, non-neuronal cell survival was observed to have decreased in an approximately linear manner with increasing ethanol levels. By contrast, neuron survival was not affected until ethanol concentrations greater than 0.34 g % were used. This decreased cell survival due to chronic exposure to physiological levels of ethanol has not been reported previously. Neural cell cultures may therefore be useful for investigating the cellular pathology of chronic alcoholism and fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7252490 TI - Gold complexes of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides. AB - the reactions of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) with inosine=ino, guanosine=guo, triacetylinosine=trino, triacetylguanosine=trguo, and cytidine=cyd were studied. Complexes of AU(III) and AU(I) with these nucleosides have been isolated from the reactions at different pH values in aqueous and in methanolic solutions. The Au(I) complexes were obtained by reducing Au(III) with 1-ascorbic acid in aqueous solutions. All the isolated complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, IR, 1H nmr, and esr spectra. The Au(III) complexes correspond to the general formulae [Au(nucl)2Cl2]Cl, Au(nucl)Cl3, and Au(nucl H+Cl2, while the Au(I)complexes are of the au(nucl)2Cl type, where nucl represents the above nucleosides. In the complex with the composition (AucydCl2]2 that was isolated from aqueous solutions, the Au atom is believed to be in the (II) oxidation state. Possible structures for all the isolated complexes based on the experimental data are proposed and discussed. PMID- 7252489 TI - The acute and subacute effects of cadmium an calcium homeostasis and bone trace metals in the rat. AB - The effect of acute and subacute administration of cadmium chloride on calcium homeostasis and the trace metal content of the bone was investigated in the male rat. A single subcutaneous injection of cadmium chloride (1.5 mg Cd++/kg) produced a decreased plasma concentration of calcium and a decrease in the femur concentration of both calcium and zinc. repeated administration of cadmium chloride (1.5 mg Cd++/kg) daily, for 28 days) caused a marked hypocalciuria that persisted throughout the period of cadmium treatment. There was an accompanying increased excretion of alkaline phosphatase into the urine, and plasma inorganic phosphate was also elevated in these animals. Both of these effects are considered to be evidence of kidney damage. A possible mechanism for this cadmium induced effect may involve a disturbance of the renal biotransformation of vitamin D, and decreased bioavailability of the essential trace metals due to metallothionein synthesis and excessive loss into the urine. PMID- 7252491 TI - The effects of age, sex, and zinc status on the accumulation of (copper, zinc)- metallothionein in rat kidneys. AB - A study has been made of the distribution of copper in the kidneys of growing rats. Renal copper concentrations increased steadily with age and were greater in female than in male animals. Most of the copper was present as (copper, zinc) metallothionein and two forms of this protein were isolated and characterized from the kidneys of mature female rats. That copper metabolism in kidneys is subject to hormonal influence was indicated by a reduction in the concentrations of copper and (copper, zinc)-metallothionein in ovariectomized rats and by an increase in their concentrations after the administration of progesterone. Concentrations of renal (copper, zinc)-metallothionein were less in zinc deficient than zinc-adequate rats during pregnancy and after progesterone administration. PMID- 7252492 TI - The hydrolysis of alpha-amino-acid esters in mixed ligand complexes with copper(II)-iminodiacetate. AB - alpha-Amino-acid esters (EH+) interact with [Cu(IMDA)]0 to give mixed ligand complexes according to the equilibrium, [Cu(IMDA)]0 + EH+ in equilibrium with [Cu(IMDA)(E)]0 + H+, where EH+ represents the protonated ester +NH3CH(R)CO2R' and IMDA2- is HN(CH2CO2-)2. The mixed ligand complexes are only formed over a rather narrow pH range (ca. pH 5.8-6.5). At higher pH there is kinetic evidence for the competing equilibrium, [Cu(IMDA)(E)]0 + OH- in equilibrium with [Cu(IMDA)OH]- +E Rate constants kOH have been obtained by pH-stat for the hydrolyses [where A- = NH2CH(R)CO2-] [Cu(IMDA)(E)]0 + OH- kOH leads to [Cu(IMDA)(A)]- + R'OH. The complexed alpha-amino-acid esters undergo base hydrolysis ca. 10(4) times faster than the free esters E. Values of kOH show little dependence on the nature of the alkyl substituent R but the normal leaving group effect of methyl esters hydrolyzing at ca. twice the rate of ethyl esters is observed. Activation parameters have been determined for base hydrolysis of [Cu(IMDA)(glyOMe)]0, and possible mechanisms for the reaction are considered. PMID- 7252493 TI - Kinetics of methyl viologen reduction by hydrogen catalyzed by hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris. PMID- 7252495 TI - Ternary complexes between adenosine 5' -triphosphoric acid, 2,2'-bipyridyl and the divalent metal ions manganese (II), cobalt (II), copper (II), and zinc (II). Preparation and physiochemical properties. AB - A series of ternary complexes between adenosine 5'-triphosphoric acid (ATP), 2,2' bipyridyl, and the transition metal ions manganese (II), cobalt(II), copper (II), and zinc(II) in the ratio 1:1:1 have been prepared. The solid compounds are crystalline and can be formulated as [M(II)-H2ATP-2,2'-Bipyridyl]2 . 4H2O (MATPbipy). X-ray powder patterns show them to be all isomorphous. Potentiometric titrations in aqueous solutions are in agreement with the presence of two ionizable protons. Ultraviolet and visible spectra, epr, and magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest that the metal ions have a high-spin distorted octahedral coordination. From infrared spectra it can be deduced that ATP coordinates to the metal only through the oxygen atoms of the phosphate groups. These compounds, which are particularly stable towards hydrolysis, form possible models for ATP transport in biological fluids. PMID- 7252496 TI - The interaction of dithiothreitol and acetyl coenzyme A in a radiochemical assay for rat brain ATP:citrate oxaloacetate lyase. AB - [14C]Acetyl-CoA was found to react spontaneously with dithiothreitol to give a relatively apolar product which was readily extractable into a butanol-toluene scintillant. This technique was used in rapid, reproducible assay for rat brain ATP:citrate lyase using [1,5-14C]citrate as substrate. The tissue extract, a 14,000 g supernatant, exhibited a lyase activity of approximately 7 nmol acetyl CoA produced/min per mg supernatant protein, and was inhibited greater than or equal to 79% by alpha-ketoglutaric acid (10 mM), Cu2+ (1 mM) and Zn2+ (1 mM). [14C]Oxaloacetate, [14C]malate and endogenous citrate synthase were found not to interfere significantly with lyase estimations, but NADH was required in the reaction mixture to inhibit acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity. PMID- 7252494 TI - Copper and molybdenum absorption by rats given ammonium tetrathiomolybdate. AB - Previous studies have shown that the tetrathiomolybdate ion [MoS4(2-)] is a potent antagonist of Cu metabolism. Effects of orally administered MoS4(2-) on the absorption and tissue distribution of 64Cu in rats have now been investigated. Four or 12 mg Mo/kg diet, when given as MoS4(2-), strongly inhibited 64Cu absorption and modified the fate of absorbed Cu, decreasing hepatic and renal uptake but increasing plasma retention of 64Cu. These effects were not induced by equivalent dietary concentrations of Mo as MoO4(2-) or when S2- was given as CaS. Clinical and biochemical effects induced by orally administered MoS4(2-) were abolished by increasing dietary concentrations of Cu. Such treatment also inhibited the absorption and tissue retention of 99Mo derived from 99MoS4(2-). Intraperitoneal administration of Cu ameliorated clinical effects attributable to MoS4(2-) but neither inhibited 99Mo absorption nor the appearance of systemic defects in Cu metabolism. Since the absorption of MoS4(2-) (or its derivatives) from the gastrointestinal tract is inhibited by Cu, it is evident that the site of its action as an antagonist influencing either the absorption or the subsequent metabolic fate of Cu depends upon the ratio Cu/MoS4(2-) in the diet. PMID- 7252498 TI - Uptake of 36Cl and 22Na by the brain-cerebrospinal fluid system: comparison of the permeability of the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. PMID- 7252497 TI - Uptake of 36Cl and 22Na by the choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid system: evidence for active chloride transport by the choroidal epithelium. AB - Cl and Na transport by the lateral ventricle (LVCP) and fourth ventricle (4VCP) choroid plexuses were examined by kinetic analysis of 36Cl and 22Na uptake into the choroid plexus-CSF system of the adult rat. Both radioisotopes required most than 5 h to reach steady-state distribution in the in vivo choroid plexuses and CSF after intraperitoneal injection. Whereas the LVCP and 4VCP 36Cl steady-state spaces were comparable (55--56%), the 4VCP 22Na space (39%) tended to be greater than the LVCP 22Na spaces (36%). No evidence for inexchangeable Cl or Na was found for the choroid plexuses; the radioisotopic and chemical spaces were not significantly different. Choroid plexus 36Cl and 22Na uptake curves were resolved into two components, a fast component (t1/2 0.02--0.05 h) and a slow component (t1/2 0.85--1.93 h). By analysis of the distribution of [3H]inulin, [3H]mannitol, and 51Cr-tagged erythrocytes within the choroid plexuses, the fast component of 36Cl and 22Na uptake was found to represent extracellular and erythrocyte contributions to the tissue radioactivity, whereas the slow component represented isotope movement into the epithelial cell compartment. The calculated cell [Cl] of LVCP and 4VCP, 67 mmol/kg cell water, was 3.9 times greater than that predicted by the membrane potential for passive distribution. It is postulated that Cl is actively transported into the choroid epithelial cell across the basolateral membrane; the energy source for active Cl transport may be the Na electrochemical potential gradient (approximately 90 mV), which is twice that of the Cl electrochemical potential gradient (approximately 45 mV). PMID- 7252499 TI - Inhibition of catecholamine secretion from adrenal medulla cells by neurotoxins and cholinergic antagonists. AB - The effects of several neurotoxins and cholinergic antagonists on the nicotine induced secretion of catecholamines by adrenal medulla cells in culture were investigated. Aconitine, veratridine, and batrachotoxin, in the presence of 1 micrometer-tetrodotoxin inhibited the nicotine-stimulated secretion of catecholamines in a dose-dependent manner in Locke's solution. In Na+-free sucrose medium, tetrodotoxin was not required to inhibit the stimulatory effects of aconitine, veratridine, and batrachotoxin, and these agents by themselves inhibited the nicotine-stimulated secretion of catecholamines. Scorpion venom, which also increases the flux of Na+ through tetrodotoxin-sensitive channels, was not an effective inhibitor of nicotine-stimulated secretion. Histrionicotoxin, atropine, hexamethonium, and decamethonium--as well as the Na+-channel activators -noncompetitively inhibit nicotine-stimulated secretion. The effects of these agents on nicotine-stimulated secretion appears similar to their effects on the inhibition of depolarization at the neuromuscular junction. Reversibility studies suggest that the stimulatory and inhibitor sites of the neurotoxins are different, while studies in Na+-free media suggest that tetrodotoxin-insensitive sodium channels are not involved in the inhibitory effect of the neurotoxins. A possible site of action for the inhibitory effects of the neurotoxins. A possible site of action for the inhibitory effects of the neurotoxins is the nicotinic receptor-associated ion channel. PMID- 7252501 TI - Kinetics of entry P0 protein into peripheral nerve myelin. AB - Sciatic nerves from 9-day-old rat pups were removed, sliced into 0.4-mm sections, and incubated with [3H]fucose or [14C]glycine precursors. The nerve slices system gave nearly linear incorporation of [3H]fucose as a function of time for 3 h, after an initial lag of approximately 30 min for homogenate and approximately 60 min for myelin. Incorporation of [3H]fucose at constant specific radioactivity was directly proportional to exogenous fucose levels over the range 3.0 x 10(-8) M to 1.5 x 10(-6) M. Analysis of labeled proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that greater than 50% of labeled glycoprotein was P0, with no other major constituents. This system was used in fucose-chase experiments to determine that a period of approximately 20 min elapses between fucosylation and assembly of P0 into myelin. Cycloheximide inhibition of protein synthesis was used to determine that a period of approximately 33 min elapses between protein synthesis and appearance of P0 myelin. PMID- 7252503 TI - 2-Deoxyglucose incorporation in the cerebellum of weaver and nervous mutant mice. AB - The 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic method has been used to study activity in cerebellum of the weaver and nervous mutant mice. Patterns of 2-deoxyglucose incorporation into the cerebral hemispheres from weaver and nervous strains did not differ significantly from those of the controls. In the normal cerebellum, 2 deoxyglucose incorporation was maximal in the granular layer, where mossy fibers form synapses with the dendrites of granule cells. In the cerebellum of nervous mice, which lacks Purkinje cells, the incorporation of the 2-deoxyglucose was maximal in the granular layer, but the incorporation into the molecular layer appeared less than in the control. The incorporation into the cerebellum from weaver, which lacks granule cells, was much higher than that of the control, the maximal incorporation being found in the Purkinje cell layer and in cell masses located in the white matter. These data suggest that the heterologous synapses that mossy fibers or climbing fibers form with the cells in the Purkinje cell layer and the cells in the white matter in the weaver cerebellum are functional. PMID- 7252500 TI - Cholesterol esterifying enzyme in normal and degenerating peripheral nerve. AB - The cholesterol esterifying enzyme which incorporates exogenous free [1 14C]oleate into cholesteryl ester is present in rat sciatic endoneurium. Cholesterol esterification is optimal at pH 4.8. Exogenous ATP, CoA, and oleyl CoA do not greatly affect its activity. Various detergents and bile salts are inhibitory. Enzyme activity does not change appreciably during storage at 4 degrees C for up to 4 days or at -70 degrees C for up to 1 month. Of the subcellular fractions, the microsomal fraction exhibits the highest specific activity. Over 75% of enzyme activity is recovered, with equal amounts in the microsomal and soluble fractions. During nerve fiber degeneration an increase (more than fivefold) in cholesterol esterifying activity, which peaks 6 days after crush, is observed. Elevated levels of enzyme activity persist for 90 days after crush, by which time nerve regeneration is well established. Thus, it is concluded that an increase in cholesterol esterifying activity in degenerating nerve is primarily responsible for cholesterol esterification during Wallerian degeneration. The maximum increase in cholesterol esterifying activity is associated temporally with axonal degeneration and, particularly, with the formation of myelin ovoids. PMID- 7252502 TI - Energy metabolism in rat brain: inhibition of pyruvate decarboxylation by 3 hydroxybutyrate in neonatal mitochondria. AB - The effect of 3-hydroxybutyrate on pyruvate decarboxylation by neonatal rat brain mitochondria and synaptosomes was investigated. The rate of [1-14C]pyruvate decarboxylation (1 mM final concentration) by brain synaptosomes derived from 8 day-old rats was inhibited by 10% in the presence of 2 mM-D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate and by more than 20% in the presence of 20 mM D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate. The presence of 2 mM-D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate did not affect the rate of [1-14C]pyruvate decarboxylation (1 mM final concentration) by brain mitochondria; however, at a concentration of 20 mM-D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate, a marked inhibition was seen in preparations from both 8-hydroxybutyrate, a marked inhibition was seen in preparations from both 8-day-old (35% inhibition) and 21-day-old (24% inhibition) but not in those from adult rats. Although the presence of 100 mM-K+ in the incubation medium stimulated the rate of pyruvate decarboxylation by approximately 50% compared with the rate in presence of 1 mM-K+, the presence of 20 mM-D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate still caused a marked inhibition in both media (1 and 100 mM-K+). The presence of 20 mM-D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate during the incubation caused an approximately 20% decrease in the level of the active form of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in brain mitochondria from 8-day-old rats. The concentrations of ATP, ADP, NAD+, NADH, acetyl CoA, and CoA were measured in brain mitochondria from 8-day-old rats incubated in the presence of 1 mM-pyruvate alone or 1 mM-pyruvate plus 20 mM-D,L-3-hydroxybutyrate. Neither the APT/ADP nor the NADH/NAD+ ratio showed significant changes. The acetyl CoA/CoA ratio was significantly increased by more than twofold in the presence of 3 hydroxybutyrate. The possible mechanisms and physiological significance of 3 hydroxybutyrate inhibition of pyruvate decarboxylation in neonatal rat brain rat mitochondria are discussed. PMID- 7252505 TI - Glutamate decarboxylase distribution in discrete motor nuclei in the cat brain. AB - The distribution of activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme synthesising gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was measured in the cat brain by means of microdissection of the structures from frozen slices and a radioisotopic assay for the enzyme. About 20 cerebral regions were chosen for study because of their role in sensorimotor integration. GAD presented an uneven distribution among these areas. Highest activities were found in the basal ganglia, particularly in the substantia nigra and in the globus pallidus, and to a lesser extent in the cerebellum. Relatively low levels of the enzyme were found in the thalamus and in the cerebral motor cortex. Special detailed studies were made in the caudate nucleus, the substantia nigra, and in the red nucleus for the purpose of defining the intranuclear distribution of their GABAergic innervation. There were only small differences in the rostro-caudal distribution of the enzyme in the head of the caudate nucleus but GAD activity was higher in the ventral than in the dorsal part of the structure. In the substantia nigra, GAD activity was high in both the medial and intermediate thirds of the structure. The GAD activity decreased from the caudal to the rostral part of the nucleus. GAD levels were lower in the caudal part of the red nucleus than in the rostral part. These results indicate that GABA would be present as a putative neurotransmitter in many motor nuclei of the cat brain. In view of the general inhibitory action of this amino acid, this could be related to the presence of inhibitory responses widely distributed in these nuclei as identified by mean of electrophysiological studies. The origin of these GABAergic innervations in many cases remains to be determined. PMID- 7252504 TI - Decreases in amino acids and acetylcholine metabolism during hypoxia. AB - Hypoxia impairs brain function by incompletely defined mechanisms. Mild hypoxia, which impairs memory and judgment, decreases acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis, but not the levels of ATP or the adenylate energy charge. However, the effects of mild hypoxia on the synthesis of the glucose-derived amino acids [alanine, aspartate, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), glutamate, glutamine, and serine] have not been characterized. Thus, we examined the incorporation of [U 14C]glucose into these amino acids and ACh during anemic hypoxia (injection of NaNO2), hypoxic hypoxia (15 or 10% O2), and hypoxic hypoxia plus hypercarbia (15 or 10% O2 with 5% CO2). In general, the synthesis of the amino acids and of ACh declined in parallel with each type of hypoxia we studied. For example, anemic hypoxia (75 mg/kg of NaNO2) decreased the incorporation of [U-14C]glucose into the amino acids and into ACh similarly. [Percent inhibition: ACh (57.4), alanine (34.4), aspartate (49.2), GABA (61.9), glutamine (59.2), glutamate (51.0), and serine (36.7)]. A comparison of several levels (37.5, 75, 150, 225 mg/kg of NaNO2) of anemic hypoxia showed a parallel decreased in the flux of glucose into ACh and into the amino acids whose synthesis depends on mitochondrial oxidation: GABA (r = 0.98), glutamate (r = 0.99), aspartate (r = 0.96), and glutamine (r = 0.97). The synthesis of the amino acids not dependent on mitochondrial oxidation did not correlate as well with changes in ACh metabolism: serine (r = 0.68) and alanine (r = 0.76). The decreases in glucose incorporation into ACh and into the amino acids with hypoxic hypoxia (15% or 10% O2) or hypoxic hypoxia with 5% CO2 were very similar to those with the two lowest levels of anemic hypoxic. Thus, and explanation of the brain's sensitivity to a decrease in oxygen availability must include the alterations in the metabolism of the amino acid neurotransmitters as well as ACh. PMID- 7252506 TI - Subunit structure of alpha-bungarotoxin binding component in mouse brain. AB - The alpha-bungarotoxin binding component in mouse brain was purified by affinity chromatography with toxin-Sepharose, gel-chromatography on Sepharose 6B, and ion exchange chromatography with DE52 resin. The iodinated product of the last step produced one major and one minor band on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The molecular weight of the minor peak was twice as large as that of the major one. The iodinated product could bind alpha bungarotoxin, and this binding was inhibited by a nicotinic antagonist, d tubocurarine, which demonstrated that the iodinated product was a true alpha bungarotoxin binding component. The molecular structure of the product was analysed by cross-linking followed by SDS-PAGE. The results fitted the model for an alpha-bungarotoxin binding component in the mouse brain composed of six identical or very similar subunits of 51,000--52,000. One subunit carrying the binding site for toxin bound one molecule of toxin. This subunit structure of an alpha-bungarotoxin binding component in the brain is discussed in comparison with that of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the electric organ. PMID- 7252507 TI - Local cerebral glucose utilization during development and aging of the Fischer 344 rat. AB - Local cerebral glucose utilization was measured in brain regions of awake Fischer 344 rats. Measurements were taken in 15 regions of 1-month-old rats, and 19 regions of 3-, 12-, 24-, and 34-month-old rats. Between 1 and 3 months, glucose utilization tended to increase in all brain regions; statistically significant increases occurred in seven regions. Between the ages of 3 and 12 months, glucose utilization decreased significantly in 12 regions. The greatest reductions (25% or more) occurred in the striatum, inferior colliculus, and pons, but the hypothalamus and thalamus, nucleus accumbens, and septum showed no statistically significant change. Cerebral glucose utilization did not change between 12 and 24 months or between 24 and 34 months of age. The results demonstrate a rise in cerebral glucose utilization with development from 1 to 3 months, a decline between 3 and 12 months, and a constancy in the second and third years that does not reflect reported senescence-associated neurochemical and morphological cerebral changes. PMID- 7252508 TI - On the role of long-chain aldehydes in mammalian plasmalogen biosynthesis. AB - [1-3H, 1-14C]Palmitaldehyde (3H:14C = 15) was injected intracerebrally to 18-day old rats and incorporation of radioactivity into brain lipids was followed over a 24-h period. The substrate was metabolized primarily by oxidation to palmitic acid with loss of tritium and, to a lesser extent, by reduction to hexadecanol. The alkyl moieties of the ethanolamine phospholipids showed considerably lower 3H:14C ratios than the substrate, indicating a substantial participation in either lipid synthesis by tritium-free alcohols derived from 14C-labeled fatty acids. Virtually no 3H radioactivity was found in alkenyl moieties, indicating stereospecificity of both reduction of aldehyde and dehydrogenation of alkyl to alkenyl glycerolipid. The data are consistent with the general concept that plasmalogen biosynthesis proceeds exclusively through fatty alcohols and alkyl glycerolipids and that fatty aldehydes cannot be utilized directly. PMID- 7252510 TI - Effect of ischemia on the activity of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase. AB - Ischemia, anoxia, and hypoxia of the brain have been shown to inhibit protein synthesis in the central nervous system. To obtain data on the changes in DNA dependent RNA and DNA polymerase as they pertain specifically to neurons and glia, nuclear enriched neuronal and glial fractions were prepared, by sucrose gradient centrifugation, from spinal cords of adult dogs that had been subjected to prolonged ischemia. The isolated fractions were assayed for enzyme activity by a radiochemical technique. RNA polymerase was affected more than DNA polymerase, activity being reduced considerably in both neurons and glia. Possible causes of the difference in sensitivity to ischemia are discussed. PMID- 7252513 TI - Accumulation of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids cultured human Y79 retinoblastoma cells. AB - The metabolism of the n-3 class of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which occur in relatively high quantities in neural tissues, was studied in human Y79 retinoblastoma cells. These cells contained low levels of n-3 polyunsaturates when grown in culture media supplemented with fetal bovine serum. The cells readily incorporated performed docosahexaenoic acid (22.6 n-3) into phospholipids, but human skin fibroblasts did this to a similar extent. When 10 to 30 mumol/ml linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) was added, the cell also accumulated 22:6 in phospholipids. The capacity to convert appreciable amounts of 18:3 to 22:6 appears to be a unique property of the retinoblastoma cells as compared with other continuously cultured cell lines. More 18:3 than linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) was incorporated into phospholipids by the retinoblastoma cultures, and 18:3 was channeled to a larger extent into the ethanolamine glycerophospholipid fraction. These findings indicate that retinoblastoma cells handle n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a manner very similar to neural tissue in vivo. Based on the results obtained with this model system, it appears that three processes may contribute to the accumulation of 22:6 in retina and neural tissue: increased ability to incorporate 18:3, the capacity to convert 18:3 to 22:6, and channeling of 18:3 and its metabolites into ethanolamine glycerophospholipids. PMID- 7252512 TI - Localisation of tricyclic antidepressant binding sites on serotonin nerve terminals. AB - High-affinity specific [3H]imipramine binding has been demonstrated in the brain and platelets of various species including man. Electrolytic lesions of the rat dorsal raphe, which resulted in a significant decrease in the endogenous levels of serotonin produced a reduction in the density of [3H]imipramine binding sites in the hypothalamus and cortex. The affinity constants were unchanged. These results suggest that [3H]imipramine binding sites are located on serotonin nerve terminals. PMID- 7252509 TI - Effect of beta-bungarotoxin on the release of endogenous amino aids from the sensorimotor cortex. AB - beta-Bungarotoxin, a snake neurotoxin purified from the venom of Bungarus multicinctus, caused a significant increase in the in vivo release of glutamate from the superfused sensorimotor cortex of awake animals. A smaller effect on GABA release was observed, but no change was detected in the release of six other amino acids measured. The effects on glutamate and GABA release were entirely blocked by tetrodotoxin (1 micrometer) and were reversible when the cortical tissue was washed with saline. PMID- 7252511 TI - Elevation of brain GABA content by chronic low-dosage administration of hydrazine, a metabolite of isoniazid. AB - When gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-T) activity was measured in vitro in rat brain, neither isoniazid (INH) nor for of its known metabolites (isonicotinic acid, acetylisoniazid, acetylhydrazine, diacetylhydrazine) inhibited the enzyme in concentrations (5 mM) far higher than those likely to be achieved when INH is administered to man. In contrast, hydrazine (5 micrometers) caused a 50% inhibition of GABA-T without inhibiting glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Rats were injected daily for 109 days with hydrazine (0.08 or 0.16 mmol/kg/day), after which amino acid contents and enzyme activities were measured in their brains. Both hydrazine doses caused significant elevations of whole brain GABA content and reductions of GABA-T activity, but did not affect GAD activity. Chronic administration of hydrazine at these doses did not reduce weight gain or alter rat behavior, nor did it produce any irreversible pathologic changes in liver or alterations in hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. However, hydrazine treatment caused changes in the contents of many brain amino acids besides GABA, and markedly increased concentrations of ornithine, tyrosine, and alpha-aminoadipic acid in rat plasma. Inhibition of GABA-T activity and the other biochemical alterations observed in patients given high doses of INH probably result from hydrazine formed in the metabolic degradation of INH. Thus administration of hydrazine might be a more direct means of elevating brain GABA content in patients where this seems indicated, and might not entail a greater risk of adverse effects. PMID- 7252514 TI - Purification of sciatin using affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Agarose. AB - A glycoprotein from chicken sciatic nerves, sciatin, has been shown to have trophic effects on the maturation and maintenance of skeletal muscle cells in culture. This protein was purified 24-fold from sciatic nerve extracts by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-agarose followed by ion-exchange on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The purity of sciatin obtained by this procedure was greater than 97% as estimated by densitometric integration of sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, and represented 33% of the sciatin present in sciatic nerve extracts as determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Sciatin purified by this technique retained full biological activity since (1) addition of the protein to embryonic chicken skeletal muscle cells in culture enhanced the morphological development of the cells, and (2) the protein increased the number of acetylcholine receptors as measured by binding of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin to 261% of the control value after 4 days in vitro. The purification procedure described in the present communication provides a more rapid and convenient method for the isolation of this trophic protein. PMID- 7252515 TI - IgM-class rheumatoid factor in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis and matched neurological control patients. AB - Paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 30 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 30 matched neurological control (NC) patients were quantitatively tested for IgM-class rheumatoid factor (RF). Significantly elevated RF levels were found in serum from 6 MS patients and 12 NC patients. Seven of the latter 12 patients had a diagnosis of recurrent head pain. RF was detected in CSF from 2 MS patients and 2 NC patients. In 3 of the 4 cases, this could be explained by blood-brain barrier damage or normal diffusion of RF into CSF. Intrathecal RF synthesis was found in the remaining MS patient. These results suggest that RF production may be related to underlying pathological mechanisms in at least some MS and NC patients. They also confirm that RF must be carefully accounted for in etiological studies designed to demonstrate pathogen specific IgM antibodies in, for example, MS patients. PMID- 7252516 TI - Variability of sensory threshold determination in clinical use. AB - The variability of perception threshold determination for vibration, tactile stimuli and thermal stimuli, with instruments intended for clinical use, was studied in 13 healthy subjects and 27 patients with chronic polyneuropathy. Normal thresholds for tactile and thermal stimuli were determined in 51 healthy subjects. Determinations were made for vibration on hand, lower leg and foot, for touch on pulp of forefinger and great toe and for temperature on hand and foot. Normal thresholds for both tactile and thermal stimuli were age-dependent. Short term variation, with intervals of some minutes between determinations, remained within 8-18% change from first value. Long-term variation, with intervals of days to some weeks, was pronounced for all types of threshold, with extremes of -90% and +256% change from first determination in 3 or 4 subsequent determinations. Variation was most marked for tactile stimuli and smallest for vibration, but magnitude and pattern of variation was similar for all sensory modalities and for both patients and healthy subjects. Confidence intervals, derived from analysis of variance, showed than as an average a change of less than -60% or greater than +150% from the initial value was needed to ascertain with 95% probability that a subsequent value will reflect a true change of sensory threshold. Basing every threshold value on 2 or more measurements per occasion will reduce the confidence interval. The main cause of variability seems to be central processing mechanisms, i.e. the psychological variability. With proper attention to the variability, sensory threshold determinations should still be a valuable aid in clinical practice and clinical research. PMID- 7252517 TI - The response of the rat soleus muscle to tenotomy after dorsal root section. AB - Both soleus muscles of rats were tenotomized 5-10 days after deafferentation of one side which was achieved by section of the 4th and 5th lumbar dorsal roots. When examined 2 weeks after tenotomy, all experimental muscles showed central degenerative changes in slow fatigue-resistant fibers. These changes were absent from muscles that had been only deafferented. Experimental deafferented muscles examined 6 weeks after tenotomy showed a substantial recovery which was comparable to that seen in tenotomized muscles with intact afferent innervation. It is concluded that (1) deafferentation does not inhibit the recovery of tenotomized fibers, and (2) the loss of afferent fibers plays no part in the protection from central degeneration known to be afforded by denervation of tenotomized muscles. PMID- 7252518 TI - Familial distal myopathy with rimmed vacuole and lamellar (myeloid) body formation. AB - Three cases from 2 families had muscle weakness with predilection for distal extremities, predominantly affecting the tibialis anterior muscles, and onset in early adulthood. The disorder seemed to be inherited through an autosomal recessive trait. The EMG demonstrated a myopathic pattern and CPK was mildly elevated. The striking finding in their muscle biopsies was the presence of "rimmed" vacuoles which had acid phosphatase-positive autophagic activity and which contained numerous concentric lamellar bodies in various forms (myeloid and cabbage bodies). Despite rapid clinical progression, not only necrotic fibers with phagocytosis, as seen in Duchenne dystrophy, but also evidence of regeneration were virtually absent. Continuous destruction of myofibrils by activation of certain lysosomal proteolytic enzymes might be responsible for the production of atrophic fibers. PMID- 7252519 TI - Carrier testing in families of isolated cases of duchenne muscular dystrophy. Creatine kinase activities in female relatives of mothers with normal CK activity. AB - A study of the serum creatine kinase (CK) activity in the female relatives of mothers of isolated cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) was undertaken.. It was restricted to the relatives of mothers with normal serum CK values. Ninety eight females in 19 families were studied; none was found to have a serum CK activity more than 3 SD above the normal mean. This evidence, derived from a study in which the measurement of serum CK activity was used as the sole means of detecting carriers, suggests that very few distant female relatives in such families are carriers of the gene and provides some evidence against the hypothesis that mutation is a rare cause of isolated cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7252520 TI - Plasma creatine kinase isoenzymes in the Bar harbor dystrophic mouse. AB - Increased activity of the MM isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK) was found in plasma from Bar Harbor dystrophic mice of the 129/ReJ dy/dy strain when compared to the findings in non-dystrophic controls. Total plasma CK activity was only slightly increased in dystrophic animals but plasma from both normal and dystrophic mice showed large amounts of the BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase. This isoenzyme was also found to be present in mouse platelets. It is concluded that BB isoenzyme from platelets could have obscured the contribution of muscle CK to the total plasma CK activity and the CK isoenzyme quantitation is needed to evaluate muscle disorders in rodents. PMID- 7252521 TI - Effects of long-term administration of ambenonium chloride on motor end-plate fine structure and acetylcholine receptor in rat. AB - Ambenonium chloride was administered orally in a dosage of 6 mg/kg/day to rats for 14-360 days. Motor end-plate fine structure and junctional AChR were quantitatively analyzed and red (soleus) and white (EDL) muscle fibers. In treated animals, degeneration and simplification of postsynaptic folds and widening of synaptic clefts were often observed in soleus end-plates, but infrequently in EDL end-plates. On the other hand, the postsynaptic AChR was reduced markedly in both soleus and EDL end-plates. No presynaptic changes were observed. These results show that long-term administration of Anti-ChE agents in myasthenia gravis may have an adverse effect on neuromuscular transmission. PMID- 7252522 TI - Dual influence of temperature on compound nerve action potential. AB - Compound neural action potentials (NAPs) were recorded from N. suralis and the digital nerves of N. medianus in man using the antidromic technique. The nerves were cooled either at the site of the recording ("local cooling") avoiding temperature change proximally, or between the stimulating and recording electrodes ("segmental cooling") avoiding temperature change at the recording site. Local cooling was followed by a pronounced increase in NAP amplitude and rise time without any change in the onset latency. The values of Q10 were identical for both amplitude and rise time changes. Segmental cooling caused a definite fall in the amplitude of NAP and a slight increase in its rise time. The practical consequences of the dual temperature effect on NAP are discussed. PMID- 7252523 TI - The relationship of astrocytes and macrophages to CNS demyelination after experimental herpes simplex virus infection. AB - Corneal inoculation of mice with herpes simplex virus type I (HSV) produces central nervous system (CNS) demyelination 7 to 8 days after infection. The demyelination originates at the junction between PNS and CNS in the trigeminal root entry zone. The pathogenesis for this selective demyelination is unknown. Immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide reduces the extent of demyelination, but does not eliminate the lesion entirely. This report concerns the electron microscopic evaluation of the events preceding demyelination. The astrocytes forming the CNS junction are heavily infected 62 hours after corneal inoculation before myelin breakdown. These cells then undergo lysis, releasing viral and cellular debris. Perivascular monocytes appear in the CNS at this time, and proceed to phagocytize the dying cells. These monocytes may be important in transferring antigenic information to the cell-mediated immune system, which responds by producing extensive CNS demyelination by 6 to 7 days postinfection. PMID- 7252524 TI - Relationship of in vitro morphologic and growth characteristics of established human glioma-derived cell lines to their tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice. AB - Fifteen permanent cell lines derived from human gliomas which are individually distinct by immunologic and biochemical criteria were evaluated to determine if morphologic or cell biologic parameters distinguished the 4 lines which were tumorigenic in athymic nude mice. By subjective morphologic appraisal, the 4 tumorigenic lines were considered "malignant" or "borderline," but 4 of the non tumorigenic lines were also classified in this way. By objective criteria, these 15 lines varied markedly in percentage of piled-up cells, chromatin pattern, pleomorphism, nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, number of bizarre multinucleate giant cells, presence of abnormal mitotic figures, percentage of colony formation in soft agar, saturation density, population doubling time, and absolute plating efficiency. Among these criteria, percentage of colony formation in soft agar had the highest correlation coefficiency with tumorigenicity, and when this parameter was held constant the only additional characteristic which correlated significantly (p less than .05) was the number of bizarre multinucleate giant cells. When the 11 non-tumorigenic lines were ranked by these 2 criteria, 1 non tumorigenic line (U-251 MGsp) had greater than .95 predicted probability of tumorigenicity. Although further tumorigenicity testing may increase the number of tumorigenic lines, the lines with few "malignant" characteristics may correspond to the population resembling cells of low grade astrocytomas seen within glioblastomas. The histologic pleomorphism of human gliomas is reflected in their morphologic and cell biologic diversity in culture. PMID- 7252525 TI - Growth and chemotherapeutic response in athymic mice of tumors arising from human glioma-derived cell lines. AB - Fifteen permanent cell lines derived from human gliomas were subcutaneously transplanted into athymic nude mice (nu/nu genotype, NIH Swiss and BALB/c backgrounds). Four were tumorigenic. Three of the four (D-54 MG, U-118 MG, and U 251 MG) produced progressively growing, solid, noncystic tumors. Subcutaneous volume measurement of these tumors, which correlated directly with tumor weight, was a reliable method for monitoring growth. All three cell lines which produced progressively growing subcutaneous tumors were also tumorigenic when cells were inoculated intracerebrally. These grew as well-circumscribed, intraparenchymal brain tumors. After initial implantation, each of the progressively growing, solid, subcutaneous tumors was histologically similar to the permanent cell lines from which it was derived. Tumors could be reliably passed, and stabilization of latency periods and growth rates developed. Tumors became morphologically less distinct in later passages, though some individual features remained. Mice bearing subcutaneous tumors from each of these cell lines were treated with a single ip dose of 25 mg/kg BCNU and compared to controls receiving only drug vehicle. A significant, but different, amount of reduction in tumor mass occurred among each of the three tumor lines. This model allows cell lines derived from human gliomas to be grown in animal hosts, thereby providing a potential means for evaluating growth parameters and chemotherapeutic responsiveness of tumors derived from individual human gliomas or cell lines. PMID- 7252526 TI - The primate spinal cord is a target for gonadal steroids. AB - The nuclear uptake and retention of 3H-dihydrotestosterone (3H-DHT) or one of its metabolites was studied in the spinal cord of the rhesus monkey. Normally-cycling adult female rhesus monkeys which were castrated and adrenalectomized prior to the experiment were injected with 1 microgram of 3H-DHT (107 Ci/mmole)/kg body weight and killed 90 minutes later. The spinal cords were removed and segments processed for autoradiography. Nuclear uptake and retention were found in both the visceral and somatic motor systems and, in addition, in the nociceptive system. The data suggest a role for androgen in sexual reflexes and possibly pain perception at the level of the spinal cord in the primate and provide further support for a role of androgen in amyotropic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 7252528 TI - Auditory representation within principal division of cat medial geniculate body: an electrophysiology study. PMID- 7252527 TI - Edematous necrosis in thiamine-deficient encephalopathy of the mouse. AB - Acute encephalopathy was produced in the adult male Swiss mouse by pyrithiamine injection in conjunction with a thiamine-deficient diet. The condition of some mice was reversed within 24 hours by a treatment of a high dose of thiamine. The lesions occurred selectively in the thalamus, pontine tegmentum, and mammillary body and were manifested by hemorrhage and edematous necrosis consisting of severe edema of astrocytes, myelin sheaths, and neuronal dendrites. Before thiamine treatment, these degenerative changes were not associated with any mesenchymal reaction. At 48 and 96 hours after thiamine treatment, these edematous changes persisted. Fat-laden macrophages appeared in the lesion. Some axons showed Wallerian-type degeneration. After three weeks of thiamine treatment, macrophages became thin and rod-shaped. Wallerian-type degeneration and myelin edema persisted. The oligodendrocytes and astrocytes were hypertrophic. These lesions of thiamine-treated encephalopathy of the mouse closely resembled the non-hemorrhagic lesions of human Wernicke encephalopathy. Mice which were concomitantly-induced with hyperglycemia and encephalopathy showed no significant differences in clinical and morphologic manifestations from the encephalopathic mice with normal blood sugar levels. Vascular permeability to horseradish peroxidase was increased only slightly at the initial stage, but was reversed in the mice which clinically responded quickly to thiamine treatment. Occasionally, persistent increase of permeability was seen in 21-day-old lesions. These findings suggested that, in thiamine-deficient encephalopathy, both nervous and vascular components in the brain were involved and that the morphologic manifestations of the nervous component were far more extensive than those of the blood vessels. PMID- 7252529 TI - Response to movement of neurons in areas 17 and 18 of the cat: velocity sensitivity. PMID- 7252530 TI - Response to movement of neurons in areas 17 and 18 of the cat: direction selectivity. PMID- 7252531 TI - Responsivity of normal kitten striate cortex deteriorates after brief binocular deprivation. PMID- 7252532 TI - Static characteristics of muscle afferents from gluteus medius muscle: comparison with joint afferents of hip in cats. PMID- 7252533 TI - Rhythmical synaptic control of axonal conduction in a lobster motor neuron. PMID- 7252534 TI - Focal activations of human cerebral cortex during auditory discrimination. PMID- 7252535 TI - Two types of muscle spindles in cat neck muscles: a histochemical study of intrafusal fiber composition. PMID- 7252536 TI - Dependence of auditory cortex evoked unit activity on interstimulus interval in the cat. PMID- 7252537 TI - Differentiation of Medulloblastoma. Studies including immunohistochemical localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein. AB - A series of medulloblastomas was studied by light microscopy. The tumors were variable; astrocytic, ependymal, neuronal, and probable oligodendroglial differentiation was present. Features of glioblastoma multiforme occurred in one case. Immunoperoxidase staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an antigen found only in astrocytes and ependymal cells, revealed astrocytic differentiation in 11 of 13 cases. The two GFAP-negative tumors were histologically undifferentiated. A new classification of medulloblastomas is presented, based on the multiple types of differentiation of these tumors. Neuronal, astrocytic, ependymal, and small-cell types are described. Undifferentiated tumors were more frequent in younger children. The differentiation of medulloblastoma is correlated with recent experimental studies of gliogenesis and neurogenesis. A hypothesis that medulloblastoma is a stem-cell neoplasm is presented, based on these comparative data. PMID- 7252538 TI - Hemispheric supratentorial astrocytomas in children. Long-term results in 29 cases. AB - In a series of 41 cases of hemispheric supratentorial astrocytoma (HSA) in children, 29 patients have been followed for periods ranging from 5 to 27 years. The follow-up data show that HSA's are relatively benign tumors. Twenty-two patients (76%) are still living: 12 in good, eight in fair, and two in poor neurological condition. Their mean survival is 13.3 years. Five patients died from tumor recurrence within 4 years of the operation. All five were operated on before the age of 8 years. The best results in terms of mean survival and quality of life were obtained in cases of cystic HSA, especially the pilocytic variety. In children, HSA tends to take the cystic form (often pilocytic), and its relatively benign course points up an analogy between this rare supratentorial tumor and the more common tumor of the cerebellum (the so-called "cerebellar astrocytoma"). PMID- 7252539 TI - Hydrocephalus and infratentorial tumors. Incidence, clinical picture, and treatment. AB - One may consider that the child with hydrocephalus complicating a primary brain tumor has two distinctly different diseases: 1) a neoplasm, and 2) hydrocephalus. The hydrocephalus may be obstructive, communicating, or (in the case of choroid plexus papilloma) hypersecretory. This paper presents the incidence, symptomatology, and management of hydrocephalus associated with infratentorial brain tumors in 156 children and with pineal tumors in 21 children, all treated by the first author during the period 1967 to 1979. Medulloblastoma was the most commonly encountered tumor. Of 117 children with cerebellar-fourth ventricle tumors, 110 had hydrocephalus, whereas 11 of 34 with brain-stem tumors and all 21 with pineal tumors presented with hydrocephalus. Of the total 143 patients with hydrocephalus, shunts were inserted before craniotomy in 123, with the interval between shunt insertion and craniotomy for tumor removal ranging from 1 to 21 days. Eighteen of these children required shunt revisions after craniotomy; 36 of 80 patients followed for 6 months or more had their shunts permanently removed, but it was necessary to reinsert the shunt from 5 days to 13 months later in 30% of these patients. Only 25 patients remained permanently shunt-free. It is considered that the placement of shunts before craniotomy is justified by the extraordinarily high incidence of papilledema and visual impairment associated with hydrocephalus. "Upward herniation" and dissemination of neoplastic cells through the shunting system are theoretical contraindications to precraniotomy shunt insertion, although the former is rare (3%), and there is no statistical evidence to support the latter. PMID- 7252540 TI - Significance of postshunt ventricular asymmetries. AB - Ventricular asymmetries after shunt surgery were studied. Right and left ventricular areas from pre-and postoperative computerized tomography scans were measured with a computer digitizing technique, and the respective areas were expressed as a ratio. Measurements were made from the scans of 15 hydrocephalic children selected at random. Ages at surgery ranged from 1 to 101 weeks. The results indicate a significantly greater decrease in ventricular size on the side of the ventricular shunt catheter. Multiple regression analysis showed no relationship between the magnitude of change in ventricular size and either the patients' age orn the time intervals between surgery and follow-up scans. Possible mechanisms for these postshunt ventricular asymmetries are discussed. PMID- 7252541 TI - Pituitary apoplexy: its incidence and clinical significance. AB - The occurrence of hemorrhage from pituitary adenoma (so-called "pituitary apoplexy") was investigated in a consecutive series of 560 cases operated on during the past 30 years. There were 93 cases (16.6%) in which hemorrhage from pituitary adenomas was confirmed either clinically or surgically. These patients were analyzed in terms of age, sex, symptoms and signs, size of tumor, hormonal function, and histological types of adenomas, and computerized tomography findings. In 90 cases (16.6%), hematoma or old bloody fluid was verified within the tumor tissue at surgery. Three other patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage, but there was no detectable intratumor hematoma in any of them. Among these 93 patients, 42 (7.5%) showed no evidence of clinical symptoms related to hemorrhage (asymptomatic hemorrhage). Fifty-one patients (9.1%) had definite histories of an acute episode that suggested sudden bleeding (symptomatic hemorrhage: pituitary apoplexy). Thirty-eight patients (6.8%) had a major attack manifested by disturbances of consciousness, hemiparesis, loss of vision, or ocular palsy. In two acromegalic patients, pituitary apoplexy developed during bromocriptine treatment. There was one case of sudden death due to massive hemorrhage from the tumor 14 months after the completion of postoperative radiation therapy. The other 13 symptomatic patients (2.3%) developed a minor attack which included headache, nausea, vomiting, and vertigo. Bleeding from pituitary adenomas was not statistically correlated with any of the following factors: sex, hormonal function of adenomas, and histological types, but it was correlated with age. The number of asymptomatic cases in the third decade was significantly greater than that of the whole group of pituitary adenoma patients in the same decade. The present investigation revealed that the incidence of pituitary apoplexy was unexpectedly high: a major attack in 6.8% of pituitary adenoma patients, a minor attack in 2.3%, and asymptomatic hemorrhage in 7.5% of the cases. This risk of pituitary apoplexy should be kept in mind in treating pituitary adenomas. PMID- 7252542 TI - Serum prolactin in patients with hypothalamus and pituitary disorders. AB - Serum prolactin concentrations were studied in 115 patients with anatomically defined disorders in the hypothalamo-pituitary region. Fifty of the patients had expansively growing pituitary adenomas; in 17 of them (13 females and four males) the prolactin values were slightly raised (15 to 100 microgram/liter), and in 13 (11 females and two males) they were over 100 microgram/liter. The frequency of elevated prolactin values was higher for females than for males. Fifteen patients with invasively growing pituitary adenomas had very high serum prolactin levels (range 1230 to 31,500 microgram/liter). In a single case of malignant pituitary adenoma, the serum prolactin was at the lower level of detection. Of 49 further patients with suprasellar meningiomas, craniopharyngiomas, or other expansive or destructive lesions of the hypothalamus and sellar region, 15 had slightly raised prolactin values (maximum 114 microgram/liter). Eight of these 49 patients had sellar destruction, with a roentgenological picture similar to that in patients with invasive pituitary adenomas. Among these eight patients, the maximum prolactin value was 67 microgram/liter. It is concluded that moderately raised serum prolactin values (up to 100 microgram/liter) in a patient with a sellar tumor does not prove that the tumor is a prolactinoma. A serum prolactin value of 100 to 1000 microgram/liter strongly indicates a prolactin-producing tumor. In a patient with sellar destruction, a serum prolactin value of over 1000 microgram/liter is proof that the destruction is caused by an invasive pituitary adenoma. PMID- 7252543 TI - Effect of methylprednisolone in compression trauma to the feline spinal cord. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of methylprednisolone sodium succinate on clincal recovery and tissue preservation following compression trauma of feline spinal cord. Cats were anesthetized with pentobarbital and injured by placing a 170-gm weight on the spinal cord for 5 minutes. One hour after injury, the animals were given intravenous steroid (15 mg/kg/day) for 2 days in three devided doses, 15 mg/kg/day for 1 day intramuscularly, 7.5 mg/kg/day intramuscularly for 3 days, and 3.75 mg/kg/day intramuscularly for 3 days, for a total of 9 days. In a control group, the animals were injured but untreated. At 60 days after injury, the animals were sacrifieced by perfusion fixation with 10% formalin. The spinal cord was removed and evaluated for a number of morphometric parameters, including percentage of spinal cord cross-sectional area containing the cavity (%area) and percentage of spinal cord volume occupied by the cavity (%volume). A clinical recovery score (recovery index) was devised to evaluate neurological recovery. Steroid-treated cats showed significantly greater recovery than the untreated controls (p less than 0.001). Moreover, the spinal cord of treated cats displayed greater tissue preservation as measured by %area (p leass than 0.005) and %volume (p less than 0.004). Correlation coefficients comparing the recovery index with morphometric parameters revealed a negative correlation between cavity size and recovery. These data provide evidence for a beneficial effect of methylprednisolone in promoting recovery and preserving spinal cord tissue following blunt injury to the feline spinal cord. PMID- 7252544 TI - Effect of naloxone on posttraumatic ischemia in experimental spinal contusion. AB - The effect of naloxone on blood flow and somatosensory evoked potentials was studied in cats subjected to 400 gm-cm contusion injuries of the thoracic spinal cord. Eight cats were treated with 10 mg/kg naloxone 45 to 60 minutes after injury, 11 cats were given 10 ml of saline instead of naloxone, and six cats were neither injured nor treated. Hydrogen clearance was used to measure blood flow in the lateral white columns at the contusion site. Naloxone, given intravenously, significantly inproved the blood flow rates in the lateral column white matter. At 2 hours after injury, the mean blood flow in the saline-treated cats fell to 50% (p greater than 0.01) of preinjury flow rates, whereas it increased 6% (p greater than 0.50) in naloxone-treated cats, and 12% (p greater than 0.50) in uninjured cats. At the 3rd hour after injury, the respective flows fell 47% (p less than 0.01), and 6% (p greater than 0.50), and increased 15% (p greater than 0.50) of the preinjury flow rates. The naloxone-treated cats had striking preservation of sensory function and somatosensory evoked potentials at 24 hours after injury. At 24 hours, responses had returned in all the naloxone-treated cats and in only 11% of the saline-treated cats. The probability of this combination of events occurring by chance is 0.0030. The authors conclude that naloxone may be useful for the treatment of spinal cord injury. The mechanism of the effect is unknown. PMID- 7252545 TI - Barbiturate-induced coma therapy for focal cerebral ischemia. Effect after temporary and permanent MCA occlusion. AB - The authors have studied the therapeutic effect of barbiturate coma following middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in primates. The relationship of the efficacy of barbiturate protection to the presence or absence of recirculation was examined. Barbiturate therapy was begun 30 minutes after MCA occlusion. The findings were as follows: 1) barbiturate-induced coma, with its attendant monitoring, was safely tolerated by primates for 96 hours; 2) 6 hours of MCA occlusion followed by recirculation resulted in a neurological deficit that was worse than the neurological deficit produced by permanent MCA occlusion; 3) barbiturate-induced coma for 96 hours, initiated 30 minutes after the onset of MCA occlusion, in the absence of reperfusion, was in fact detrimental; 4) barbiturate-induced coma for 96 hours, initiated 30 minutes after MCA occlusion, with the establishment of reperfusion at 6 hours, provided nearly complete protection from ischemic damage. PMID- 7252546 TI - Prognostic implications of early multimodality evoked potentials in severely head injured patients. A prospective study. AB - Results of multimodality evoked potential (MEP) studies recorded from 100 comatose patients soon after severe head injury were analyzed prospectively, using a previously established grading system, to assess the prognostic value of MEP's with respect to patient outcome, to evaluate the effect of clinically relevant sequelae of head injury on the prediction of outcome by MEP's and to describe time to clinical recovery as a function of initial MEP grade. Graded MEP's when recorded in the first few days after head injury, could predict patient outcome at 1 year with approximately 80% accuracy. Exclusion from the analysis of patients who died from causes unrelated to the brain and those with severe systemic complications that occurred after the evoked potentials were recorded improved the accuracy of outcome prediction to nearly 100%. The presence of a mass lesion requiring surgery reduces the probability if good to moderate outcome for a given MEP grade by approximately 25% to 40% from the seen in patients without mass lesions. The clinical outcome predicted shortly after head injury by MEP grades may not be realized for many months. Patients with mild MEP abnormality (Grade I or II) generally reach their outcome by 3 to 6 months, whereas those with more severe deficits (Grade III) may not show improvement for at least 1 year. PMID- 7252547 TI - Vasoconstrictor activity in cerebrospinal fluid from patients subjected to early surgery for ruptured intracranial aneurysms. AB - Vasoconstrictor activity was examined in serial samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from 10 patients undergoing aneurysm clipping within 48 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). There was no close relationship between vasoconstrictor activity in postoperative CSF samples and the patient's clinical condition or angiographic vasospasm. The identity of the vasoconstrictor substance(s) in CSF was not established, but serotonin, histamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, acetylcholine, or angiotensin II were eliminated as prime vasoconstrictor agents inducing cerebral vasospasm. Differences in the temporal profile of the responses of isolated tissues to CSF from patients with early and late surgery suggested that differing substances were involved in the production of spasm. A correlation between CSF potassium concentrations and vasoactive substances was found, but potassium could not account for vasoconstrictor activity of CSF. A log:linear correlation between total vasoconstrictor activity and total CSF collected could not be explained. Also, because of possible differences in the identity of vasoactive substances in CSF in this study compared to earlier studies, clinical comparisons based on apparent differences in pharmacological potency of CSF were not warranted. Nevertheless, removal of subarachnoid blood by cisternal rinsing seemed to be a useful surgical adjunct. PMID- 7252548 TI - Radiofrequency neurolysis in a clinical model. Neuropathological correlation. AB - Reports differ on which nerve fibers are affected by radiofrequency lesions made in peripheral nerves, some stating that primarily the myelinated delta and unmyelinated C fibers are destroyed, others stating that the destruction affects all sizes of nerve fibers and both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. This study was designed to confirm one of those two findings, and to study the role that different temperatures might play in determining which fibers are affected. Radiofrequency lesions (85 degrees C for 2 minutes) were made in dogs by placing a temperature-monitored electrode into the lumber intervertebral foramina. The dogs were killed at intervals up to 6 weeks after rhizotomy, and the lesions were studied by light and electron microscopy. In all lesions, there was a total loss of unmyelinated fibers and a nearly total loss of myelinated fibers. In other dogs, 2-minute lesions were made at 45 degrees, 55 degrees, 65 degrees, and 75 degrees C, and the lesions examined 1 week later. Again, all sizes and all types of fibers were destroyed. PMID- 7252549 TI - Zones in the cerebellar cortex. Their organization and potential relevance to cerebellar stimulation. AB - The organization of zones in the cerebellar cortex, as reflected by the arrangement of cortical efferent and afferent fibers, was reviewed with special emphasis on the anterior lobe. There is conclusive evidence for the existence of at least six, and possibly as many as nine, ipsilateral rostrocaudally oriented cortical zones, each having specific afferent and efferent connections. The topography afferent and efferent fibers of the cerebellar cortex and/or the spatial arrangement of cortical zones have not been given appropriate attention in both experimental and clinical studies dealing with focal electrical stimulation of the cerebellum. It is suggested that inattention to the relationships between electrode placement and zones in the cerebellar cortex may be partially responsible for the sometimes capricious results during and/or subsequent cerebellar cortical stimulation. PMID- 7252550 TI - Compression of the anterior visual system by the gyrus rectus. Case report. PMID- 7252551 TI - Posttraumatic syringomyelia. Case report. AB - The ninth case of posttraumatic syringomyelia with postmortem confirmation is presented. Onset of symptoms occurred 19 years after the original trauma. The review of the literature with a discussion of postulated mechanisms of syrinx distention follows. The present case differs from previously reported postmortem cases in that there was communication through the medullary parenchyma with the fourth ventricle. PMID- 7252552 TI - Multiple meningiomas following radiation therapy for medulloblastoma. Case report. PMID- 7252554 TI - Intradural tuberculomas of the spinal cord. Report of two cases. PMID- 7252555 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis with multiple intracranial lesions. Care report. PMID- 7252553 TI - Conservative management of mesencephalic tuberculoma. Case report. AB - A case of clinically unsuspected mesencephalic tuberculoma that was diagnosed at operation is presented. After intraoperative diagnosis, the surgical procedure was interrupted and specific treatment with tuberculostatic agents was started. The symptoms remitted totally in a few months. This conservative management is preferable to surgical removal when diagnosis of brain-stem tuberculoma has been established. PMID- 7252556 TI - Manifestations and therapeutic considerations in pineal yolk-sac tumors. Case report. AB - A 20-month-old patient with a paraventricular and parapineal yolk-sac tumor was treated with subtotal excision and total neuraxis irradiation. She has done well in the 3 1/2 years since surgery. A comparative review of similar pineal and gonadal yolk-sac tumors suggests role for surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Additional experience with these unusual germ-cell neoplasms should establish the need for aggressive extirpation, not only to determine the exact diagnosis, but also to provide the basis for subsequent adjunctive therapy. The latter may include specific combination of antineoplastic drugs in addition to radiation. PMID- 7252557 TI - Microsurgical removal of paraventricular cavernous angiomas. Report of two cases. AB - Two cases of paraventricular cavernous angiomas are presented. In one, the cavernous angioma was found in the right wall of the fourth ventricle, and in the other in the right thalamus encroaching upon the third ventricle. Both patients had onset of symptoms suggesting a tumor. Good results were obtained by the microsurgical approach to these malformations. The computerized tomography findings typical of cavernous angiomas are reviewed PMID- 7252558 TI - Prepontine epithelium-lined cyst. Case report. AB - A 30-year-old woman presented with recurrent episodes of severe headache associated with visual disturbances. Neurological examination showed minimal neurological defects. Angiography, computerized tomography, and radioisotope cisternography revealed a large cyst in the prepontine region, which did not communicate with either the subarachnoid space or the ventricular system. Histologically, the cyst was lined by columnar and/or cuboidal cells, which contained materials positive on periodic acid-Schiff staining. Ultrastructurally, there were two types of cells, ciliated and noncillated. Characteristic findings were continuous basement membrane, microvilli covered with electron-dense material, several intercellular junctional devices, and an open intercellular space which was occasionally filled with a migrating cell. These findings would support the view that the epithelial cyst with such features was derived from endodermal tissues rather than from neuroepithelium. Electron microscopic examination is indispensable in making a correct diagnosis of intracranial cysts. PMID- 7252559 TI - Clinical and pathological study of dysplastic gangliocytoma. Case report. AB - A case of dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum (Lhermitte-Duclos disease) is reported. Computerized tomography revealed a nonenhancing mass lesion surrounded by areas of calcification. Surgical excision resulted in complete resolution of the patient's symptoms. The histological findings support the concept that this tumor represents a congenital abnormality in granule-cell migration and is not a true neoplasm. PMID- 7252560 TI - Acute head injuries: cooperative efforts in clinical assessment. PMID- 7252562 TI - Quantitative thallium-201 exercise scintigraphy for detection of coronary artery disease. AB - In 140 patients with chest pain quantitation of regional myocardial TI-201 activity was performed by serial scintigraphic images after treadmill exercise. Criteria for an abnormal thallium scintigram included: (a) greater than or equal to 25% persisted reduction in TI-201 uptake in anterolateral, anteroseptal, posterolateral, and inferoapical segments, or greater than or equal to 35% reduction in the inferior segment; (b) an initial defect with delayed redistribution; and (c) abnormal TI-201 washout. Of 110 patients with significant coronary artery disease (CAD), 100 had abnormal TI-201 scintigrams, while 27 of 30 patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries had normal scintigrams; 91% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 97% predictive accuracy. Sensitivity and specificity were not significantly different when the 95 patients with diagnostic (greater than or equal to 85% maximum heart rate) and 45 with inconclusive (less than or equal to 85% maximum HR) Ex tests were compared. Comparison of qualitative and quantitative image analyses in a subset of these patients showed that both specificity and multivessel disease prediction were greater when the quantitative approach was used (90 against 73% and 78 against 39%, respectively). Sensitivity for CAD detection was reduced by 10% with visual interpretation alone. Thus, quantitative exercise TI-201 scintigraphy appears highly sensitive and specific for CAD detection in patients with chest pain. PMID- 7252563 TI - The distribution of skeletal metastases in breast and pulmonary cancer: concise communication. AB - In a review of all radionuclide bone scans performed in a 3-mo period, 318 patients with established tumor diagnosis were studied. In this tumor population the incidence of skeletal metastases was statistically similar (p = 0.7), and regional distribution of lesion involvement was, in decreasing order, thorax, spine, pelvis, limbs, and skull. In the two largest tumor groups (breast and lung) the regional distribution of metastases was not different when examined for both the presence and the number of lesions (p greater than 0.1). In particular, the incidence of rib metastases was similar( p greater than 0.99) as was their frequency distribution (0.78). Indeed, the frequency distribution of rib metastases was similar for all major tumor categories (p = 0.83). PMID- 7252564 TI - The use of technetium-99m sulfur colloid as a marker for experimental venous thrombosis: concise communication. AB - The binding of technetium-99m sulfur colloid to in vivo thrombi was studied in a rat model of deep vein thrombosis. After thrombosis was induced by mechanical traumatization of a right femoral vein segment, technetium-99m sulfur colloid was injected into the peripheral veins of different experimental groups at intervals of 30 min and 1-7 days. Ratios of mean activity in traumatized right femoral vein segment to activity in control segments of left femoral vein (R/L ratios) ranged form 2.97-11.0 for all in situ venous thrombi studied. There was no relation between clot size and R/L ratios. The significant uptake ratios observed by us for venous thrombi up to 1 wk in age suggest that in vivo thrombus detection may be feasible by imaging with a gamma camera after technetium-99m sulfur colloid injection in a peripheral vein. PMID- 7252565 TI - Diagnosis of left-ventricular mural thrombus by means of radionuclide ventriculography. AB - Radionuclide ventriculography was used to diagnose the presence of a left ventricular mural thrombus in a patient with left-ventricular aneurysm. Diagnostic features of the radionuclide study are described and correlated with postmortem findings. PMID- 7252561 TI - Spatial and temporal quantitation of plane thallium myocardial images. AB - A computer method has been developed to determine the relative initial uptake and segmental washout rates of thallium-201 from sequential myocardial images. Initial images in multiple projections are obtained at 10 min after thallium-201 injection, and delayed images 2-3 hr after injection. A modified interpolative method was used to construct a background reference plane, and net myocardial counts was used to construct a background reference plane, and net myocardial counts above this reference plane were determined from multiple count profiles. Washout rates were determined by linear regression of time-activity curves constructed from the sequential images. In this approach, both relative temporal as well as relative spatial quantitation is performed. Data from 25 normal subjects were used to establish numerical criteria and normal ranges for relative focal defects and abnormal segmental washout slopes. Normal ranges were set to include the 90-percentile limits of the distribution of values obtained from the normal population. From these values we derived a quantitative criterion for thallium scan interpretation that can be used for analysis and interpretation of scintigrams in clinical situations. PMID- 7252566 TI - Radioiodinated fatty acids for myocardial imagine: effects on chain length. AB - Terminally iodinated long-chain fatty acids have been used experimentally and clinically as myocardial imaging agents. Six omega-iodo fatty acids (I(CH2)n CO2H, where n = 10, 12, 15, 18, 21, 26) have been synthesized and tested in rats. Myocardial extraction values and heart-to-blood ratios are affected by chain length. Extraction is shown to be highest for n = 18 and 21, as are heart-to blood ratios at 5 min. The cellular fate of the fatty acid changes form that of beta -oxidation for n less than or equal to 15 to predominantly triglyceride storage for n = 18 and 21, as shown by analysis of rat heart homogenates by thin layer chromatography at two time intervals. PMID- 7252568 TI - In vivo assessment of hepatic-arterial and portal-venous components of liver perfusion: concise communication. PMID- 7252569 TI - Calculation of right-ventricular ejection fraction. PMID- 7252570 TI - Unusual ECG artifact. PMID- 7252567 TI - A precision pump for simulated cardiographic studies. AB - A system simulating physiologic and pathologic changes in left-ventricular volume is presented. Its purpose is to provide a model to establish the accuracy of current equipment for assessing a heart's performance where the actual volume and size are measurable. The versatility of the model allows a wide range of variability of various parameters for simulation of many clinical situations. PMID- 7252571 TI - Thalassemia major: evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. PMID- 7252572 TI - 90 degrees Compton scattering tomography. Its implementation by means of a bar detector scintigraph. PMID- 7252573 TI - Biological evaluation of radioiodinated estriol and estradiol as adrenal scanning agents. PMID- 7252575 TI - Trial of a new compound as a chemical radioprotector and its effect on melatonin. PMID- 7252576 TI - The free cortisol index in renal disease. PMID- 7252574 TI - Simultaneous plasma radioimmunoassay of estradiol, progesterone, 17-hydroxy progesterone, testosterone and androstenedione in farm animals. PMID- 7252577 TI - Doppler examination in the study of the obstructive carotid artery. PMID- 7252578 TI - The effect of bivalve nephrotomy on renal function in patients with staghorn calculi. PMID- 7252582 TI - Thyroid hemiagenesis: a review of thirteen consecutive cases. PMID- 7252581 TI - Radiocopper (64Cu) incorporation into ceruloplasmin in chronic active hepatitis and in liver cirrhosis. PMID- 7252579 TI - 90 degrees Compton scattering tomography of the lung: detection characteristics and correction of the attenuation. PMID- 7252580 TI - Monitoring of changes in cardiac output by transcutaneous aortovelography, a non invasive Doppler technique: comparison with thermodilution. PMID- 7252583 TI - Two-dimensional echoencephalographic images of the adult brain. PMID- 7252584 TI - Comparative evaluation of two commercial radioimmunoassay kits for trypsin-like immunoreactivity. PMID- 7252585 TI - Interactive transit time imaging (ITTI) for improved cardiac and vascular studies in dynamic scintigraphy. PMID- 7252587 TI - Radioactive chains in medicine. PMID- 7252586 TI - Clinical ventilation imaging with 113mIn aerosol. PMID- 7252590 TI - A new polaroid film type for use in scintigraphic recording. PMID- 7252589 TI - Scintigraphic demonstration of noninvasive instillation of the ear tube and eardrum cavity. PMID- 7252588 TI - An efficient, low cost interface for renography. PMID- 7252591 TI - Radionuclide angiography for intrathoracic aortic aneurysm evaluation: a comparison with contrast aortography. PMID- 7252592 TI - Purification and storage of 125I-TSH. PMID- 7252594 TI - Total and free (dialyzable) cortisol assay in plasma: comparison of two RIA methods involving the use of antibody-coated test tubes. PMID- 7252596 TI - Liver metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7252593 TI - A new technique for multitracer macroscopic autoradiography. PMID- 7252595 TI - The apparent free cortisol concentration and the free cortisol index: a comparative study. PMID- 7252598 TI - Effect of prolonged experimental protein malnutrition and of refeeding on growth, adipose tissue development and body composition in rats. AB - The effect of experimental protein malnutrition and of subsequent refeeding at various ages on growth, adipose tissue development, body composition and serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentration were studied in weanling, male Sprague-Dawley rats fed isoenergetic diets containing 22% casein (controls) or 8% casein (PM-3) from 3 until 33 weeks of age. In addition, groups of control rats were switched to the 8% casein diet at 7 weeks of age (PM-7), and groups of PM-3 rats were refed the control diet from 7 (RF-7) or 11 (RF-11) weeks of age. At 33 weeks of age, PM-3 rats were 56% and PM-7 rats 82% the weight of controls, while RF-7 rats were 84% and RF-11 77% the weight of controls, respectively. Carcass fat and energy content corresponded to body weight in all groups. The weights of the epididymal fat pads of control rats did not increase after 24 weeks of age. The epididymal fat pad weights of all other groups remained smaller than those of controls, but continued to increase throughout the study. Epididymal adipocyte numbers did not change after 11 weeks of age in control rats or after 17 weeks of age in PM-7 and RF-7 rats, but continued to increase throughout the 33 weeks in the PM-3 and RF-11 rats. Adipocyte size increased with age in all groups but remained smaller throughout in PM-3 rats. Serum T3 concentrations were greatest in the PM-3 rats, intermediate in the PM-7 rats and became normalized in both RF groups by 33 weeks of age. These studies confirm that the postweaning protein deprivation impairs the growth of lean tissues and indicate that its primary effect on adipose tissue is a decrease in adipocyte proliferation and/or differentiation which may not recover with refeeding. PMID- 7252597 TI - Vitamin A turnover in rats as influenced by vitamin A status. AB - Vitamin A turnover was studied in rats fed vitamin A-sufficient (+A) or vitamin A deficient (--A) diets for 24--25 days. Hepatic vitamin A stores of the +A group (543 microgram) were significantly larger than those of the --A group (11 microgram) and similarly, the plasma vitamin A concentration of the +A group (56 microgram/dl) was significantly higher than that of the --A group (26 microgram/dl). Rats were injected intravenously with plasma containing tritium labeled retinol (3H-ROH) obtained from vitamin A-deficient donor rats previously fed 3H-ROH. Plasma samples from injected recipients were collected over a 48-hour period. Kinetic analysis of plasma tracer concentration versus time curves indicated that the data fit a three-pool model. The plasma vitamin A turnover rate of the +A group was significantly more rapid than that of the --A group (5.19 versus 1.98 microgram/hour). Plasma fractional turnover rates for the +A group (1.31 hour--1) were not significantly different from those of the --A group (0.90 hour--1). The data suggest that for both dietary groups, the metabolism of retinol associated with the prealbumin and retinol-binding protein complex involved extensive recycling among the liver, plasma, interstitial fluid and peripheral tissues. PMID- 7252599 TI - Glucose and lactate absorption and metabolic interrelationships in steers changed from low to high concentrate diets. AB - Cannulas were surgically implanted in the portal and mesenteric veins and femoral artery of eight crossbred steers averaging 270 kg. They were given primed, continuous 3-hour infusions of U-[14C]-L-lactate and 2-[3H]- or 6-[3H]-glucose into the jugular vein and para-aminohippuric acid (portal blood flow indicator) into the mesenteric vein before and after being changed from a pelleted alfalfa hay to a pelleted 85% concentrate diet. Blood samples were collected at 20-minute intervals during infusions. Reliable blood flow data were obtained on four of the eight steers during the first infusion; the other four were not infused the second time. Dry matter intake, portal blood flow, net portal D-lactate absorption (P less than 0.10), net portal glucose absorption and L-lactate turnover rate (P less than 0.10) increased as a result of increased concentrate (energy) intake. Glucose turnover rate (P less than 0.10), L-lactate absorbed as a percentage of turnover rate, L-lactate converted to glucose and glucose derived from L-lactate concomitantly decreased. Net portal L-lactate absorption was not affected. The direction of the response for portal blood flow, net portal D lactate absorption, net portal glucose absorption, L-lactate turnover and L lactate absorbed as a percentage of turnover was the same as that previously observed in lambs under similar experimental protocol. Differences in responses between lambs and steers for glucose turnover and L-lactate converted to glucose may be attributable to differences in dry matter or energy intake or both. PMID- 7252601 TI - Ovine and bovine metallothioneins: accumulation and depletion of zinc in various tissues. AB - The accumulation and depletion of zinc in hepatic metallothionein (MT) and the accumulation of zinc with MT in various tissues were studied in the ovine and bovine species. It took 8 weeks for the accumulation of zinc to reach a plateau level of 270 microgram in MT per gram liver when a bull was fed a diet containing 2,000 ppm zinc. The half-lives of zinc in hepatic MT were found to be 24.1 and 22.6 days when a steer and a ewe, respectively, which had been fed the basal diet with 2,000 ppm zinc were changed to the basal diet without added zinc. Although zinc accumulated with all cytosolic zinc proteins, it accumulated to the greatest extent with MT, followed by a low molecular weight (MW) compound. Zinc accumulated with this low MW compound mostly in kidney and pancreas, and this accumulation was much greater in bovine than in ovine tissues. In both lambs and cattle, excess zinc accumulated with MT in liver, kidneys, pancreas and small and large intestinal epithelia, but not with MT in heart, testes, rumen papillae, abomasum mucosa or choroid plexus (cattle) when they were fed high dietary levels of zinc. PMID- 7252600 TI - Utilization of intravenously administered maltose by growing miniature pigs. AB - The ability of intravenously administered maltose or glucose to supply 12% of the energy requirements of growing miniature pigs was compared. All pigs were fed a stock diet from days 5 to 28 of life, and a central venous catheter was placed at 28 days. For the next 30 days, all pigs were fed orally and intravenously. Positive control pigs were fed the stock diet with infusions of an isotonic balanced electrolyte solution. Negative control and test animals were fed a diet containing cellulose to replace 12% of energy. Negative control animals received the balanced electrolyte solution intravenously, while test animals received either intravenous glucose or maltose at levels providing 12% of energy. Carbohydrate utilization was measured by loss of urinary carbohydrate, as well as by growth and body composition. Chemical analyses of the urine indicated utilization of both maltose and glucose, but maltose was utilized less well (87%) than glucose (greater than 99%). Growth and body composition data also indicate maltose utilization. The data suggest a possible role for maltose infusion as a supplemental energy source. PMID- 7252602 TI - Ovine and bovine metallothioneins: purification, number of species, zinc content and amino acid composition. AB - Metallothioneins (MTs) were purified with respect to zinc from tissues of cattle and sheep which had been fed high levels of dietary zinc. These proteins were purified by gel filtration (Sephadex G-75), ion exchange chromatography (twice on DEAE Sephacel) and gel filtration again (Bio-Gel P-10). There is one major and up to three minor MT species in liver, kidney and pancreas from both sheep and cattle. The amount of zinc varies between the different species of MT. Amino acid analyses of the purified preparations revealed a cysteine content of up to 35.7% and the absence of aromatic amino acids for the major species, but the minor proteins contained less cysteine and some aromatic amino acids. The significance of MT in zinc metabolism is discussed. PMID- 7252603 TI - Secretion and turnover of very low density lipoprotein triacylglycerols in rats fed chronically diets rich in glucose and fructose. AB - Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were isolated from serum after intravenous injection of rats with 1-14C-palmitic acid. These lipoproteins were in turn injected into tail veins of rats which had been fed ad libitum for 21 days on fat free diets in which the source of carbohydrates was glucose or fructose. Groups of rats were killed at intervals up to 10 minutes after injection and the rates of decline of serum triacylglycerol (TG) and of serum VLDL-TG specific radioactivity were measured. The half-lives of VLDL-TG turnover were very short (approximately 1 minute in both groups) compared to those described previously for rats fed conventional diets or for fasted animals, but the higher plasma TG concentrations in fructose-fed rats were as reported elsewhere. From this information and the serum VLDL-TG concentrations in the two dietary groups, it was possible to estimate the rate of VLDL secretion from the liver which was found to be 75% greater in the fructose-fed rats. No differences were found in the total lipoprotein lipase activity in acetone powders of white adipose tissue from other rats fed fructose and glucose. PMID- 7252604 TI - Carcass nitrogen as a predictor of protein requirement for mature female rats. AB - The minimal level of dietary protein required for maintenance of nitrogen equilibrium was investigated using Sprague-Dawley rats, 12 months of age. Rats were fed casein, supplemented with methionine, at levels ranging from 0.84 to 5.18% of the diet for 4, 8 or 12 weeks and were compared to a control group fed a similar diet containing 9.90% protein or to a baseline group fed a stock diet. The effect of dietary protein levels on total serum protein and on liver and carcass composition was assessed. Protein requirement levels with 95% confidence intervals were predicted by linear regression. Dietary protein levels of 2.14% or lower were not adequate to maintain body weight and serum protein levels, and animals fed these diets had elevated levels of liver lipid. Protein nutriture of rats fed 3.20% protein was generally intermediate between those fed 2.14% or less and those fed 3.62% or greater. Compared to carcass nitrogen, carcass water was not as reliable a parameter for determination of protein requirements. Using the baseline group for comparison and carcass nitrogen as the dependent variable, a dietary protein requirement was predicted for these animals of 3.91--4.19% with confidence intervals of 3.50--4.56% and 3.13--5.48%, respectively. This level is comparable to the maintenance protein requirement of 4% indicated by the National Research Council for adult rats. PMID- 7252605 TI - Nitrogen retention, muscle creatine and orotic acid excretion in traumatized rats fed arginine and glycine enriched diets. AB - Male, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to the trauma of laparotomy under sodium pentothal anesthesia. Apparent N retention (N intake - Urinary N) was studied when these rats were fed a 25% casein diet either unsupplemented or enriched with arginine plus glycine or with ornithine plus glycine. These amino acids occur in particularly high concentrations in skin and connective tissue and might, therefore, be required in greater amounts for tissue repair. In one experiment muscle creatine content and orotic acid excretion in the urine were determined. We found that laparotomy carried out under sodium pentothal anesthesia was a highly reproducible form of trauma which resulted in a significant decrease in apparent N retention. Supplementing a 25% casein based diet with arginine and glycine significantly improved apparent N retention both in untraumatized as well as in traumatized rats. Ornithine was less effective than arginine in improving apparent N retention. Urinary orotic acid excretion was significantly increased in rats fed the unsupplemented casein diet, regardless of the imposition of trauma. Muscle creatine content was significantly increased by the supplementation of the diet with arginine plus glycine. The beneficial effect of arginine-plus-glycine enrichment in traumatized rats does not appear to be due to an arginine deficit needed for the detoxification of ammonia from excess amino acids but may be related to creatine synthesis and turnover. PMID- 7252606 TI - Sources and turnover rates of taurine in nursing and weaned rat pups. AB - The quantitative importance of the molar as a source of taurine for neonatal rats has been examined by maintaining female rats on a diet containing 3H-taurine until they were uniformly labeled, and then mating them. Rats were kept on the 3H taurine diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. The transfer of taurine from the mother to the pup both in utero and during nursing could thus be followed, and the quantity of taurine biosynthesized by the pup calculated. Pups were weaned at 21 days of age onto either a taurine-free diet or a diet containing 0.4% of non radioactive taurine. The loss of 3H-taurine from various organs was followed. Whole body half-life of 3H-taurine was 11.4 days from rats fed the taurine enriched diet and 15.0 days for rats on the taurine-free diet. Regardless of the diet, internal organs and the brain had faster rates of turnover that turnover from the muscle or from the whole animal. Both groups showed the same increase in total body taurine in the 4 weeks after weaning, indicating that young rats can biosynthesize considerable quantities of taurine. PMID- 7252607 TI - Factors determining the preservation of protein status during dietary protein deprivation. AB - Changes in protein content and function were investigated in man Sprague-Dawley Crl:Cd rats that were either fasted, consumed a diet containing 1.5 g fat/100 g initial body weight per day or received ad libitum an 85% carbohydrate, minimal nitrogen diet. Fasted rats became moribund after 9--10 days and were both hypoglycemic and hypoketonemic. In contrast, rats fed the fat-only and high carbohydrate, minimal nitrogen diets survived the 28-day study period. Although rats consuming the high carbohydrate, minimal nitrogen diet lost less body weight and nitrogen than either fasted animals or rats receiving the fat-only diet, they also had a loss of delayed hypersensitivity recall to tuberculin antigen and a 55% decrease in plasma essential amino acid concentrations. Rats fed the fat-only diet maintained delayed hypersensitivity recall and near normal concentrations of plasma essential amino acids despite a greater loss of body nitrogen than was observed in terminally fasted animals. Plasma albumin concentrations and total liver protein content showed comparable decreases in rats consuming the two incomplete diets. We concluded that nonprotein calories prolong survival in the rat and fat or predominantly glucose calories are sufficient at preventing mortality. However, the source or quantity of nonprotein calories consumed during periods of protein deprivation can markedly alter individual tissue protein status and function. PMID- 7252608 TI - Influence of feeding pattern on energy balance and activity in rats. AB - The effect of feeding pattern on energy balance and activity of rats was investigated with four treatment groups. Two groups were fed two meals per day at one of two levels (ad libitum or 1.25 times maintenance) and the other two groups were allowed to nibble either unrestricted or in 12 small meals per day. Four-day total collection digestion trials were conducted on individual rats. Pairs of rats were used for simultaneous activity and respiration calorimetry measurements. Meal-eaters gained less weight, digested and metabolized an approximately 4% greater fraction of their gross energy intake and had a 21% lower maintenance energy requirement. Ad libitum nibblers were about 23% more active during the average 24-hour period than high level meal-eaters, although this difference was not statistically significant. The energetic cost of activity as a percent of maintenance energy ranged from 60% to 18%. These estimates are higher than others in the literature and may have been affected by the activity measurements method, but indicate that differences in activity contributed to observed differences in energetic efficiency between meal-fed and nibbler rats. PMID- 7252610 TI - A retrospective cohort study of mortality and cancer incidence among chemist. AB - This retrospective cohort study examines mortality and cancer incidence among 3,686 men and 75 women who were employed as chemists in 1959. During the period 1964 to 1977, the male chemists experienced lower overall mortality than other salaried employees of the chemical company (198 deaths observed, 241.0 expected, SMR = 82). Large deficits are seen in lung cancer and arteriosclerotic heart disease death. The chemist appear to be at slightly higher risk for death from malignancies of the colon (12 observed, 6.7 expected, SMR = 178) and from cerebrovascular disease (15 observed, 10.8 expected, SMR = 138). The low overall mortality resulted in a larger than expected proportion of deaths due to cancer. Fewer than expected cases were diagnosed of cancer of all sited combined (61 observed, 86.5 expected, SIR = 71) and of the lung (8 observed, 20.0 expected, SIR = 40). The incidence rates of melanoma and of cancer of the prostate are slightly higher than expected, relative to the Third National Cancer Survey and the experience of nonchemists, respectively. Among female chemists, deaths due to all causes and suicide occurred more frequently than expected. Possible explanations for the lack of anticipated excess risks and for the observed deficits are presented. PMID- 7252609 TI - Fluoride balances in pregnant and nonpregnant women. AB - In planning health protection for pregnant as well as nonpregnant women exposed to fluorides, information about their fluoride metabolism is essential. The authors determined fluoride balances in small groups of young women maintained on two different low-fluoride diets for one or two 21-day periods in a metabolic unit. One diet contained an average of 0.41 mg F/day, and the other contained an average of 0.27 mg F/day. Excretion of fluoride in pooled three-day collections for each subject was about 80% in the urine and 20% in the feces. Pregnant (last half of term) and nonpregnant women demonstrated small negative fluoride balances; the averages were about -0.32 mg F/day and -0.15 mg F/day, respectively. Similar values have been found for young males in other studies. Pregnancy in these subjects did not markedly alter normal fluoride metabolism. PMID- 7252612 TI - Health concerns in uranium mining and milling. AB - Mortality of uranium miners from both lung cancer and other respiratory diseases is strongly dependent on exposure to radon daughters, cigarette smoking and height. Lung cancer among 15 different mining groups (uranium, iron, lead, zinc) was analyzed to determine what factors influence incidence and the induction latent period. At low exposure or exposure rates, alpha radiation is more efficient in inducing lung cancer, producing an upward convex exposure-response curve. The induction-latent period is shortened by increased age at start of mining, by cigarette smoking and by high exposure rates. For a follow-up period of 20 to 25 years, the incidence increases with age at start of mining, with magnitude of exposure and with amount of cigarette smoking. Instead of extrapolating downward from high exposures to estimate risk at low levels, it is suggested that it might be more appropriate to use cancer rates associated with background radiation as the lowest point on the exposure-response curve. Although health risks are much greater in uranium mines than mills, there is some health risk in the mills from long-lived radioactive materials. PMID- 7252611 TI - A retrospective cohort study of disability among chemists. AB - This retrospective cohort study examines disability among 3,686 men and 75 women who were employed as chemists in 1959 and who were followed through 1977. Overall, the chemists experienced fewer absences of eight or more consecutive days than expected on the basis of the experience of other salaried employees of the chemical company. Among the men, fewer claims than expected were observed for absences due to benign and unspecified neoplasia, heart disease, and peptic ulcer, and to diseases of the urinary system, bones and joints, and skin. Also, the chemist had lower than expected incidence rates of first myocardial infarction (90 observed, 149.8 expected). The deficits may be attributable to exposure misclassification or to confounding by smoking or socioeconomic status. A slight excess was seen of absences due to mental disorders. PMID- 7252613 TI - Flicker photometric study of chromatic adaption: selective suppression of cone inputs by colored backgrounds. AB - Flicker photometric equivalence is both additive and transitive when the test and standard are alternated upon a relatively more intense colored background. When the balance of red versus green cone excitation from the background is unequal, the contribution of one cone type to flicker photometric spectral sensitivity may be depressed in relation to that of the other by at least 1 order of magnitude more than Weber's law predicts. The resultant spectral sensitivity is determined predominantly by only one class of cone. The cone spectral sensitivities of normals are then seen to be the same as those of dichromats, although there is some individual variation. A model is developed to explain this surprising phenomenon. PMID- 7252614 TI - Color and conspicuousness. AB - The principle that things are easier to find if they contrast with their environment is expressed quantitatively. Two indices of conspicuousness, relative fixation rate and search time, are shown to be related to the color difference between the target and background objects. The color difference equations used are CIELAB, CIELUV, and the Judd modification of the index of fading. None of the equations is superior to the others. Furthermore, neither Judd's modification nor Semmelroth's adjustment accounts for effects of surround lightness. It is suggested that color difference be used as a tool for design and evaluation of visual displays, for construction of color codes to optimize search time, and as a generalization of chromatic contrast in psychophysical research. PMID- 7252615 TI - Saturation constancy in surface colors. AB - The level of reflectance of pigmented surfaces observed in daylight affects saturation growth in different ways, depending on the wavelength of the samples. Numerical and matching judgments collected in previous experiments were replotted in families of monochromatic (constant hue) saturation power functions for blue, green, yellow, and red. For each hue the set of functions intersected at a point at which the colorimetric purity and saturation were invariant with reflectance. The points of intersection were: blues, 0.081 colorimetric purity (Pc) and 2.7 cromes; greens, 0.257 Pc and 4.6 cromes; yellows, 0.694 Pc and 8.3 cromes; and reds, 0.144 Pc and 3.6 cromes. A straight line fitted to these four intersecting points makes it possible to interpolate other intersecting points for other hues. Two additional experiments were designed to compare a function of saturation with a function of lightness for a set of different hues (heterochromatic functions). Observers judged saturation in one experiment and lightness in the other. Lightness grows linearly with reflectance, and saturation increases as the 0.5 power of Pc, suggesting a different perceptual discrimination for the two dimensions. The relation between changes in quantity and percentage of color perceived was tested in an additional experiment. Observers assigned the following saturation values to the samples with Pc close to the converging points: 13% of color for blues, 20% for reds, 25% for greens, and 40% for yellows. PMID- 7252616 TI - Crystalline lens dispersion. AB - The spectral dispersions of rabbit, rat, pigeon, and human crystalline lens material have been measured with a Pulfrich refractometer. The refractive indices all increase rapidly at the violet end of the spectrum so tat the chromatic aberrations of the eyes of these species cannot be derived adequately from Cornu's formula, as had previously been assumed. PMID- 7252617 TI - Absolute threshold: analysis in terms of uncertainty. PMID- 7252618 TI - Absolute spectral sensitivity at different eccentricities. AB - Absolute spectral-threshold functions were measured during the cone-plateau period and in a dark-adapted state at 0, 6, 17, 28, 45, and 65 degrees temporally to the fovea. It was found that, when the photopic functions were brought together at 660 nm, they closely coincided in the 520-700-nm region of the spectrum, irrespective of location, suggesting that the relative spectral sensitivity and the weighted contributions of the middle-and long-wave cone photopigments remain invariant across the retina. On the other hand, the results suggest that the relative contribution of the short-wave cone mechanism increases between fovea and 17 degrees, stays essentially constant between 17 and 28 degrees, and decreases between 28 and 65 degrees. Furthermore, the results suggest that the absolute sensitivity of the middle- and long-wave cones decreases between fovea and 65 degrees, whereas the absolute sensitivity of the rods increased form fovea to 17 degrees and decreases between 17 and 65 degrees degrees. Finally, the log difference between the absolute dark-adapted cone and the rod threshold was found to increase between fovea and 45 degrees and to decrease between 45 and 65 degrees. PMID- 7252619 TI - Spectral sensitivity of the dark-adapted extrafoveal retina at photopic intensities. AB - By using a heterochromatic brightness-matching technique, in which the test and comparison field were presented in succession, spectral equal-brightness functions were measured in a dark-adapted state at a retinal illumination of 1000 photopic trolands at 6, 28, 45, and 65 degrees temporally to the fovea. In addition, the spectral equal-brightness functions were measured at 10, 100, 1000, and 6400 photopic trolands at 17 degrees temporally. In striking contrast with previous results, all the spectral brightness functions obtained were found to be basically scotopic in form, with peak sensitivities at about 500 nm. The difference in results between the present study and previous studies could be ascribed to the difference in method employed. Thus it was found that simultaneous, relative to successive, presentation of test and comparison fields depresses rod activity in the test field to a considerable extent. It was concluded that rods may function and influence the brightness response in extrafoveal vision at much higher intensity levels than was previously assumed. PMID- 7252621 TI - Laser eye safety: the implications of ordinary speckle statistics and of speckled speckle statistics. AB - The implications of speckle statistics on laser eye-safety considerations are evaluated. The concept of speckled speckle is introduced, and its statistics are shown to correspond to the K0 function. Speckled speckle is defined in terms of the retinal power density when the eye is viewing an optically rough surface that is illuminated by a laser beam diffused through a ground-glass screen-a situation corresponding to subjective speckle modulated by objective speckle. Extensive numerical results are developed relating the ratio of the average power density on the retina over the eye-damage level to the acceptable probability that speckle statistics will cause the damage level to be exceeded. For ordinary speckle and for speckled speckle, for a probability of 10(-6) (10(-9)) of exceeding the damage level, the average power densities must be 0.072 (0.48) and 0.017 (0.0079) of the damage level, respectively. PMID- 7252620 TI - Detection of a luminance increment: effect of temporal uncertainty. PMID- 7252622 TI - Temporomandibular joint arthrography in the diagnosis of internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 7252623 TI - [Cholesterol deposits in the paranasal sinus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252624 TI - [An experimental research of collagen implants in the rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252625 TI - [Four families with Waardenburg's syndrome in Shizuoka prefecture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252626 TI - [Mycoplasma otitis media (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252628 TI - [An experimental study on the repair of the traumatic laryngeal stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252627 TI - [Use of middle ear muscle reflex for evaluation of facial palsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252629 TI - [Clinicopathological studies in so-called tympanosclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252630 TI - [Pathophysiology of Meniere's disease as deduced by electrocochleography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252631 TI - [The effects of delayed auditory feedback (DAF) on patients with unilateral hemispheric damage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252632 TI - [Evaluation of the usefulness of fluorescence with fluorescein sodium in microlaryngosurgery--its fundamental and clinical studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252634 TI - [The method of gustatory test by filter-paper disc (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252635 TI - [Embryonal development of the ear]. PMID- 7252636 TI - [Carcinogen in the development of head and neck cancer. (Part 3) The influence of smoking and drinking (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252637 TI - [Selection of stimulus rise time in brain stem response audiometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252638 TI - [Pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps in reconstructive surgeries of head and neck (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252639 TI - [Histo-pathological observations on experimental IgE antibody-dependent nasal allergy in guinea pigs. A preliminary report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252641 TI - [The changes of AP, SP and CM after endolymphatic sac obliteration and endolymphatic sac suction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252640 TI - [Ultrastructure of the human nasal mucosa in chronic rhinitis: in reference to presence of microvilli (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252643 TI - [Clinical anatomy of posterior ethmoid sinus and adjacent organs: a study using horizontal sections]. PMID- 7252633 TI - ["Low zone hyposensitization (Kozaki)" therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252644 TI - Macrophages in non-Hodgkin lymphomas and hairy cell leukaemia. AB - Methods used in the study of human mononuclear phagocytes in vitro were applied to surgical specimens from 49 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas and eight patients with hairy cell leukaemia. Two of the tumours (both classified as "true histiocytic" neoplasms by the Kiel criteria) were distinguished by the presence of atypical macrophages in the in vitro system. In one the atypical cells were adherent; in the others they were non-adherent. These tumours were the only examples of mononuclear phagocyte neoplasia identified in this series. All the remaining 47 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were judged to be of lymphoid origin. While initial observations on hairy cell leukaemia-derived spleen cells suggested macrophage neoplasia, this impression does not stand up to more detailed analysis. The findings are more in keeping with a B lymphoid cell lineage. In hairy cell leukaemias and low grade lymphoma the proportion of macrophages per gram weight of tissue is diminished. This suggests a deficiency of macrophage functional activity compared with normal; the nature of this defect is not clear. PMID- 7252645 TI - The modification of macrophage activity in experimental granulomas by cyclophosphamide. AB - Round glass coverslips were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of mice previously immunized to sheep red cells (SRBC) and the same antigen injected into the pocket where the coverslip lay. It was shown that when mice received a prior dose of cyclophosphamide (Cy) the number of macrophages adherent to the glass increased, they showed more pre-mitotic DNA synthesis and were more phagocytic via their Fc and C3b surface receptors. However, when BCG was inoculated into similar coverslips pockets in mice not previously sensitized to BCG but pre treated with Cy, the number of macrophages on the glass surface fell and their phagocytic potential decreased compared with non-Cy-treated controls. When BCG was inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of mice, Cy treatment induced a significant increase in the number of lesions in the peritoneal cavity compared with non-Cy treated controls. When BCG was injected into the footpad of mice it was clear that pre-treatment with Cy abolished the increase in foot volume otherwise seen at 24 hr but led to a sustained increase in volume which reached a peak on day 6. However, when Cy was given to the mice 5 days after BCG injection the course of the response was not altered. It is concluded that treatment with Cy before an inflammatory stimulus with an immunological component, modifies macrophage function and granuloma development. Differential effects of Cy on various components of the immune response are thought to be its most likely explanation. PMID- 7252642 TI - [Malignant oncocytoma of the parotid gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252647 TI - Pulmonary function in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7252646 TI - Modes of transmission of respiratory syncytial virus. PMID- 7252649 TI - Neurologic signs in neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage: a correlation with real time ultrasound. AB - A comprehensive neurologic assessment was applied sequentially in 100 consecutive unselected newborn infants in our neonatal unit in parallel with independent sequential real-time ultrasonic examination of the head. The results were analyzed in three separate gestational groups: Group I, 31 weeks and below (n = 29); Group II, 32 to 35 weeks (n = 39); Group III, 36 weeks and above (n = 25). In the remaining seven infants the ultrasonic examination was technically unsatisfactory. Deviant neurologic signs were correlated in each group with the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage recognized by ultrasound. Impaired visual tracking, an abnormal popliteal angle, and the later development of roving eye movements correlated strongly with the presence of IVH in Groups I and II. Decrease in tone and poor motility correlated with IVH in Group II infants only. In Group III the number of cases with IVH was small and none of the clinical signs reached statistical significance. The results suggest that our system of careful sequential neurologic examination in the newborn period is a sensitive means of detecting the development of intraventricular hemorrhage in the majority of immature infants, and of following its progress and resolution. PMID- 7252648 TI - Intravenous nitrogen and energy intakes required to duplicate in utero nitrogen accretion in prematurely born human infants. AB - In order to determine the intravenous energy and nitrogen intakes required to achieve intrauterine rates of nitrogen accretion and growth, 30 studies were completed in 22 premature infants who were provided with various intakes of amino acids and energy (glucose +/- lipid) by peripheral vein infusion. At constant nitrogen intake, increasing energy intake (as lipid) from 50 to 80 nonprotein kcal/kg/day resulted in significant increases in nitrogen retention and weight gain. Increasing nitrogen intake from 494 to 655 mg/kg/day at constant low energy intake (mean = 53 kcal/kg/day) had no effect on nitrogen retention or weight change; however, at higher energy intakes (mean = 81 kcal/kg/day) increasing nitrogen intake correlated significantly with increasing nitrogen retention. At energy intakes greater than 70 kcal/kg/day the major determinant of nitrogen retention was nitrogen intake. When energy intake was greater than 70 kcal/kg/day, the infusion of nitrogen providing 430 to 560 mg/kg/day (2.7 to 3.5 gm protein/kg/day) resulted in the duplication of intrauterine nitrogen accretion rates. PMID- 7252650 TI - Ventriculitis with neonatal bacterial meningitis: identification by real-time ultrasound. PMID- 7252651 TI - Decreased umbilical cord serum ceruloplasmin concentrations in infants with hyaline membrane disease. PMID- 7252652 TI - Relationship of formulation and dosing interval to fluctuation of serum theophylline concentration in children with chronic asthma. AB - Completeness of absorption and fluctuations in serum, theophylline concentration were examined in 14 children, 8 to 17 years of age (mean 12.4), with chronic asthma treated in variable sequence with a slow-release formulation at eight- and 12-hour intervals, and plain tablets every six hours. The total fraction absorbed for the slow-release formulation was 0.98 +/- 0.07 (mean +/- SEM) during the eight-hour and 0.99 +/- 0.04 during the 12-hour regimens. Observed fluctuations in serum concentration were closely approximated by predictions determined from absorption of single doses in adult volunteers. Available single-dose absorption data then were used to compare predicted fluctuations in serum concentration among nine formulations (18 brand names) for eight- and 12-hour dosing in an average child and adult (elimination half-lives of 3.7 and 8.2 hours, respectively). Although predicted peak concentrations were less than twice the trough for all products when given at 12-hour intervals to an average nonsmoking adult, only two of the nine formulation (both from the same manufacturer) were likely to maintain predicted fluctuations within the 10 to 20 micrograms/ml therapeutic range during 12-hour dosing intervals in an average child. Most children and those adults with rapid elimination generally will require eight hour dosing with the other products. PMID- 7252653 TI - Effect of erythromycin on theophylline clearance in asthmatic children. AB - Fifteen asthmatic children (mean age = 14.5 years) who required daily theophylline therapy were studied for effect of erythromycin ethyl-succinate on theophylline clearance. After a one week course of EES, there was 25.8 +/- 18.4% reduction in theophylline clearance rate (P less than 0.001), and a concomitant elevation in steady-state serum theophylline concentration of 40.0 +/- 35.3% (P less than 0.01). Three subjects reached serum theophylline concentrations greater than 20 micrograms/ml. Patients receiving therapeutic doses of theophylline are at considerable risk of theophylline toxicity if EES is co-administered. PMID- 7252654 TI - Propranolol-induced hypoglycemia during growth hormone testing. PMID- 7252655 TI - Unsuccessful treatment of phenylketonuria with tyrosine. PMID- 7252657 TI - Teratogenic effects of anticonvulsants. PMID- 7252656 TI - Teratogenic effects associated with maternal primidone therapy. PMID- 7252658 TI - Plagiocephaly and torticollis. PMID- 7252660 TI - Sexual abuse and pseudoseizures. PMID- 7252661 TI - Strokes and the neurotoxicity of l-asparaginase. PMID- 7252659 TI - Cut-off for supplementary TSH testing in a T4 screening program for congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 7252662 TI - Estimating dosage of phenytoin. PMID- 7252663 TI - Screening for congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 7252664 TI - Sulfisoxazole in human milk. PMID- 7252665 TI - Calculating length of umbilical artery catheters. PMID- 7252666 TI - Transmission of hepatitis B in a classroom setting. PMID- 7252667 TI - Successful treatment of achalasia in childhood by pneumatic dilatation. AB - Ten consecutive patients (ages 10 to 17) with achalasia of the esophagus diagnosed by radiographic, manometric, and endoscopic criteria were treated by forceful dilatations of the lower esophageal sphincter. A good to excellent response was seen in eight of the ten patients, manifested by disappearance of vomiting, improvement in dysphagia, and weight gain. A decrease in resting gastroesophageal sphincter pressure was documented in four patients tested. Short term complications of fever or chest pain were seen following three of 18 procedures; however, barium swallow was negative for perforation and symptoms resolved spontaneously without treatment. Our findings suggest that pneumatic dilatation may produce similar results as surgical esophagomyotomy (Heller procedure) without the immediate operative morbidity, cost, and potential long term effects. PMID- 7252668 TI - The Sweet syndrome in children. AB - Two children are described with the Sweet syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis), a rare skin disorder usually seen in middle-aged women. Typical features include spiking fever, neutrophilic leukocytosis, raised painful erythematous plaques and nodules reflecting a cutaneous dermal infiltrate composed of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and rapid resolution in response to systemically administered corticosteroid. The eruption is believed to represent a hypersensitivity reaction to antecedent infection or concurrent malignancy. PMID- 7252669 TI - Arthropathy with rash, chronic meningitis, eye lesions, and mental retardation. AB - Three unrelated children (one girl and two boys) have had since birth a syndrome characterized by a permanent skin rash which becomes more intense during flare ups associated with fever, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and arthritis symmetrically involving the large joints. In one boy, typical psoriasis was observed at age 3 years. In two patients, roentgenograms of the joints showed early patellar ossification and an abnormal epiphyseal appearance. The three children also had neurologic involvement, with mental retardation, enlarged head circumference, eye lesions, late closure of the anterior fontanel, and a chronic meningitis with infiltration by polymorphonuclear cells. No immunologic abnormalities were found, but polymorphonuclear cells infiltrated the skin, lymph nodes, synovial fluid, and CSF. PMID- 7252671 TI - Emergency assessment of severity in iron overdose by clinical and laboratory methods. PMID- 7252672 TI - The risk of additional systemic bacterial illness in infants with systemic Streptococcus pneumoniae disease. PMID- 7252670 TI - Breast-milk jaundice. PMID- 7252673 TI - Bronchomammary axis in the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus. AB - The products of lactation from 26 nursing mothers were sequentially examined over several months for the presence or appearance of antibodies directed against respiratory syncytial virus. Antiviral IgM and IgG were rarely identified in either colostrum or milk. RSV-specific IgA was found in 75% (18/24) of specimens of colostrum; 40% (6/15) and 59% (4/7) of milk samples obtained at three and six months still contained specific IgA antibody. The latter increase was felt to represent boosting of exposed individuals when the virus was present in the community. Infection with the virus was documented in two mothers. Both had specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody responses in serum and nasopharyngeal secretions, but response in milk was limited to IgA. These data confirm that antibody to a specific respiratory tract pathogen is present in the products of lactation, that the specific activity is mainly of the IgA class, and that booster responses in milk are exclusively of the IgA class. Since RSV appears to replicate only in the respiratory tract, it is suggested that viral specific antibody activity observed in the mammary gland may be derived from the bronchopulmonary lymphoid tissue. PMID- 7252676 TI - Genital tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in prepubertal children. AB - Oculogenital strains of Chlamydia trachomatis are important causes of a wide range of genital tract infections in adults, but their recognized role in pediatric infections has been limited to neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis and interstitial pneumonia. We examined 23 prepubertal children with nongonococcal urethritis and vaginitis, and 31 with gonococcal anogenital infection. C. trachomatis was not found in 12 males and 11 females with nongonococcal urethritis or vaginitis. Nine of 33 episodes (27%) of gonorrhea were complicated by concurrent or subsequent chlamydial infection, including postgonococcal urethritis, vulvovaginitis, and asymptomatic anogenital colonization. C. trachomatis complicates gonococcal genital infections in prepubertal children at an incidence comparable to that seen in adults. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach to a prepubertal child with postgonococcal genital discharge should include consideration of this pathogen. PMID- 7252675 TI - A comparison of medical and surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in severely retarded children. AB - Of 31 severely mentally and physically handicapped children with gastroesophageal reflux treated with a standard medical regimen, only eight (26%) had complete or partial therapeutic response. Fourteen of 23 medical failures underwent Nissen fundoplication with a good therapeutic response in 12. There were 12 intra- and postoperative complications in six surgical patients. Two late postoperative deaths from pulmonary aspiration occurred in the surgical group (14%), both of whom had abnormal deglutition preoperatively. In nine patients who failed on medical management but in whom surgery was not performed there was continuing morbidity from emesis (88%), anemia (44%), and pulmonary disease (33%), and two deaths (22%) resulting from pulmonary aspiration. We conclude that conventional medical therapy of GER is less effective in retarded than in normal infants and children, and that surgical treatment is associated with high operative risk but has an ultimately acceptable outcome. Continued medical therapy after initial failure to control symptoms is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7252674 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux in infants: relation to apnea. AB - The temporal relationship between apnea and gastroesophageal reflux was examined in 14 infants with abnormal GER scores and histories of prolonged apnea. Simultaneous polysomnographic and intraesophageal pH recordings were performed for each infant. GER episodes were compared to control segments of the recording (without GER) for frequency and type of apnea. Apnea was equally likely to occur during the control segments as during the GER episodes. Brief obstructive apneic episodes were more common during the onset of GER episodes than the onset of control segments. GER duration appeared prolonged during sleep. GER and apnea were not temporally related in the majority of instances, and may be two manifestations of a more general developmental delay. PMID- 7252679 TI - Human milk feeding and vitamin D supplementation--1981. PMID- 7252677 TI - Acquired chloride diarrhea. AB - Seven patients with intractable diarrhea were found to be excreting large quantities of chloride in the stool, associated with metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and the excretion of chloride-free urine. They appear to have had an acquired, transient form of chloride diarrhea. We speculate that the diarrhea may have been perpetuated, in part, by fecal loss of chloride. PMID- 7252678 TI - 125I-Clq-binding and specific antibodies as indicators of pulmonary disease activity in cystic fibrosis. AB - We studied the incidence and levels of circulating immune complexes by the 125I Clq-binding assay in patients with cystic fibrosis in relation to clinical respiratory status and specific IgG and IgE antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Candida albicans. Overall prevalence of CIC was 43%, but 86% of serially studied patients had evidence of CIC at some time. Patients with acute respiratory exacerbations and deteriorating pulmonary function had a higher incidence of CIC (76%) as compared to stable patients (36%, P less than 0.01), as well as significantly higher levels of CIC. Acute exacerbations were also associated with significant increases in IgG antibody to Pseudomonas (P less than 0.005) but not in other antibodies. CIC did not correlate with Pseudomonas-specific IgG nor with any other specific antibody studied. A variety of age-related differences in specific antibody levels were seen. The episodic appearance of CIC is common in CF and is usually associated with exacerbation of lung disease. PMID- 7252680 TI - Outpatient bacteremia: clinical findings in children under two years with initial temperatures of 39.5 degrees C or higher. PMID- 7252683 TI - Elimination of indocyanine green by the liver of infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and the icteropyloric syndrome. PMID- 7252684 TI - Cholelithiasis in children with thalassemia major: an ultrasonographic study. PMID- 7252681 TI - Infant dumping syndrome after gastroesophageal reflux surgery. PMID- 7252682 TI - Iron nutriture of infants exclusively breast-fed the first five months. PMID- 7252685 TI - An evaluation of D-xylose absorption measurements in children suspected of having small intestinal disease. PMID- 7252686 TI - Orbital pseudotumor and Crohn disease. PMID- 7252687 TI - Factor II (prothrombin) coagulant activity in immunoreactive protein: detection of vitamin K deficiency and liver disease in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7252688 TI - Hemoglobin concentration of children with sickle cell trait. PMID- 7252689 TI - Sustained depression of monocyte cytotoxicity in a boy with disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteriosis. PMID- 7252690 TI - Cupping lesions simulating child abuse. PMID- 7252691 TI - Tertiary lactic acidosis. PMID- 7252692 TI - Hemorrhagic cerebral infarction in the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. PMID- 7252693 TI - Catecholamine cardiomyopathy: an unusual presentation of pheochromocytoma in children. PMID- 7252694 TI - Occurrence of hyperammonemia in the course of 17 cases of methylmalonic acidemia. PMID- 7252695 TI - Treatment of RDS by high-frequency oscillatory ventilation: a preliminary report. AB - The feasibility of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation was investigated in eight neonates with severe RDS. Low-volume, high-frequency flow oscillations were generated by a piston pump and delivered through standard endotracheal tubes. Oscillatory frequencies ranged from 8 to 20 Hz and mean airway pressure from 9 to 20 cm H2O. Heart rate, airway pressures, and arterial blood gases and blood pressure were monitored during both continuous positive pressure ventilation and HFO. During HFO mean PaCO2 was 44.0 +/- 4.8 mm Hg. During CPPV immediately prior to oscillation an FIO2 of 0.66 +/- 0.15 resulted in a PaO2 of 59.6 +/- 17.0 mm Hg. Oxygenation improved during HFO such that a mean FIO2 of only 0.41 +/- 0.11 was needed for similar oxygenation. Improvements in oxygenation correlated directly with increases in mean airway pressure. Based on an animal model the phasic pressure swings during HFO are estimated to be 5 to 7 cm H2O in the trachea, much less than conventional ventilation. We conclude that HFO shows great promise in the support of gas exchange in infants with RDS. The use of small phasic volume and pressure swings should minimize pulmonary barotrauma. HFO should also permit the use of lower inspired oxygen fractions. PMID- 7252696 TI - Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. PMID- 7252698 TI - Arterial oxygenation after pancuronium paralysis. PMID- 7252697 TI - Pseudo-Menke syndrome. PMID- 7252699 TI - Diarrhea induced by sorbitol. PMID- 7252700 TI - Understanding thyroid function tests. PMID- 7252701 TI - Coagulation factors in neonates. PMID- 7252703 TI - Hysterical conversion reactions. PMID- 7252702 TI - CT scan in mentally retarded children. PMID- 7252704 TI - Zinc-binding ligands in Viokase and role in zinc absorption. PMID- 7252705 TI - Single- vs double-walled incubators. PMID- 7252707 TI - False-positive thallium scan. PMID- 7252706 TI - CSF lactate in suspected bacterial meningitis. PMID- 7252709 TI - Follow-up of premature infants treated with indomethacin. PMID- 7252711 TI - Social and familial influences on the development of preterm infants. PMID- 7252708 TI - HBsAg: a possible marker for discrimination in the classroom. PMID- 7252710 TI - Granulocyte transfusions for neonatal sepsis. PMID- 7252712 TI - Overcorrection treatment for nighttime self-injurious behavior in two normal children. PMID- 7252713 TI - Rapid hypno-behavioral treatment of a needle phobia in a five-year-old cardiac patient. PMID- 7252714 TI - Teacher and parent checklist ratings with learning-disabled, hyperactive, and emotionally disturbed children. PMID- 7252715 TI - WISC-R verbal/performance discrepancies in pediatric cancer patients. PMID- 7252716 TI - Communication disorders in childhood. PMID- 7252717 TI - Failure to find hyperactivity in preschool children with moderately elevated lead burden. PMID- 7252718 TI - When rights collide: parents, children, and consent to treatment. PMID- 7252719 TI - Ethical issues in pediatric treatment and research. PMID- 7252720 TI - Child psychosocial competence and its measurement. PMID- 7252721 TI - Cognitive functioning in two sisters with carbamyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency. PMID- 7252722 TI - Children's conception of adoption: a preliminary investigation. PMID- 7252723 TI - Hepatic conservation of amount in blind and sighted children: exploratory movement effects. PMID- 7252724 TI - An assessment of the surgical treatment of adhesive small bowel obstruction in infants and children. AB - At The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) ranks seventh as a cause of pediatric bowel obstruction. Between January 1968 and December 1979, 131 infants and children had adhesive SBO proven at laparotomy or autopsy: 123 had 1; 7 had 16 adhesiotomies; 1 died without surgery; 100 had 1 prior operation; and 31 had multiple operations. Over 80% of the SBOs developed within 2 yr of the prior operations. Appendectomy and subtotal colectomy were the most common prior operation. Postoperative morbidity occurred in 29 children; 20 were observed longer than 24 hr before laparotomy. The rate of wound infection ranged from 4% to 50%; it was lowest for those children who had lysis of adhesions only, and highest for those who had lysis and decompressive enterotomy or perforation repair. Results indicate that delaying adhesiotomy and entering the GI tract during adhesiotomy are associated with increased morbidity (p less than 0.01), and therefore should be avoided. Prophylactic antibiotics may have a protective role during anterolysis. PMID- 7252725 TI - Early operation with intestinal diversion for necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a highly lethal disorder despite significant advances in management during the past decade. Increased mortality with perforation and the frequent finding of massive intestinal necrosis have hampered efforts to improve survival. A recent experience with early operation and intestinal diversion in selected patients with clinical features suggesting impending intestinal gangrene suggests a place in the management of infants with rapidly progressive NEC. PMID- 7252726 TI - Absorptive function of the aganglionic ileum. AB - In children with colonic and iliac aganglionosis, the aganglionic intestine is usually either removed or bypassed. Since fluid absorption occurs predominantly in the terminal ileum, malabsorption often occurs unless the intestinal transit time is reduced. The Martin-Duhamel operation, reducing transit and thereby increasing the time of exposure of intestinal content to the lowest part of the ganglionic intestine, has been used successfully in most children with colonic and short ileal aganglionosis. With longer segments the slowdown of intestinal transit may be inadequate and the aganglionic ileum can then be used. The aganglionic ileum maintains its absorptive capacity if the obstructive element is removed using an aganglionic-ganglionic iliac anastomosis similar to the Martin Duhamel technique. PMID- 7252727 TI - The evolution of a valved hepatoduodenal intestinal conduit. AB - Ascending cholangitis remains among the most serious complications following operations for biliary disorders. The bacterial count of refluxing intestinal contents can be reduced by using an enteric conduit from the biliary tract to the relatively sterile duodenum. A valvular conduit prohibits reflux of intestinal contents and permits unobstructed antegrade flow of bile. This can be created by intussuscepting approximately 1 cm of intestine in the midportion of the conduit. During the last 3 yr, valvular conduits were created in 11 patients. Seven of these children were treated for biliary atresia, and 4 had operations for choledochal duct cysts. There have been no deaths or morbidity resulting from the use of the valvular conduits. The postoperative courses in these patients indicate that the use of an intussusception valve may be beneficial in the prevention of ascending cholangitis. PMID- 7252728 TI - Fat soluble vitamin deficiency in biliary atresia. AB - Between January 1973 and January 1980, 29 patients with biliary atresia treated by Kasai hepatic portoenterostomy were evaluated for deficiencies of vitamin A, D, and E. The mean vitamin A level in 11 patients with successful operations was 25.5 +/- 3.8 (SE) micrograms/100 ml whereas the level was 16.0 +/- 8.8 (SE) micrograms/100 ml in three patients with failed operations (normal: greater than 30 micrograms/100 ml). Vitamin E levels in 6 children (5 with sustained bile drainage) were 2.9 +/- 1.7 (SD) micrograms/ml (normal: greater than 4 micrograms/ml). Vitamin D deficiency was evaluated in 22 patients by serial radiographs of knees and wrists. Four children (18%) had pure osteomalacia and 13 children (59%) had combined osteoporosis and osteomalacia. The four oldest survivors (age 5-5.5 yr) resolved their bone disease without specific treatment. Serologic deficiencies of vitamins A and E and radiographic evidence of vitamin D deficiency exist in patients with biliary atresia despite operative establishment of bile flow. These deficiencies are present in both the younger and the older children. In the case of vitamin D, resolution may occur without specific treatment. PMID- 7252729 TI - Hepatoportal sclerosis in childhood: a mimic of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. AB - In the absence of cirrhosis, most children with portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices have extrahepatic portal vein occlusion. In the past 2 yr this clinical picture has been mimicked by two children with hepatoportal sclerosis causing their variceal hemorrhage. Hepatoportal sclerosis has been well described in adults. It is manifested by splenomegaly, portal hypertension, and variable ascites and hepatomegaly. Liver histology is initially normal but subsequently shows periportal fibrosis without cirrhosis. Hepatic manometrics indicate a presinusoidal block, but angiography demonstrates a patient portal vein. Typically there is abrupt narrowing of the intrahepatic portal branches, giving a "withered tree" appearance. These findings are illustrated by two children who presented with esophageal variceal bleeding at 21 and 20 mo of age, respectively. They are the youngest reported cases of hepatoportal sclerosis. The etiology of hepatoportal sclerosis is uncertain, but the disease appears to be only slowly progressive. Control of variceal bleeding by central portosystemic shunts in this condition is associated with a 50% incidence of hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore alternate methods of therapy need be considered. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy successfully controlled variceal bleeding in one child reported here. Hepatoportal sclerosis is a distinct entity and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of portal hypertension in infants and children. PMID- 7252730 TI - Preoperative exchange transfusion in sickle cell anemia. AB - Preoperative transfusion therapy is largely responsible for the recently improved morbidity and mortality in patients with sickle cell anemia undergoing surgery. The transfusion techniques recommended are several. Fifty patients have undergone 67 operations over the past 15 yr. The complications encountered in patients receiving simple transfusion or partial exchange transfusion do not differ. There remains theoretic advantage in the use of preoperative partial exchange transfusion with quantitation of hemoglobin S. PMID- 7252731 TI - Pathologic childhood aerophagia: a recognizable clinical entity. AB - Pathologic childhood aerophagia is a rarely recognized, often poorly treated entity that has remained almost undescribed in either the surgical or pediatric literature. In only 1 of 9 children the condition was recognized at presentation. The initial diagnosis of the others was Hirschsprung's disease (2), malabsorption syndrome (3), gastric outlet syndrome (1), constipation (1), and esophagitis (1). Five were hospitalized and two underwent surgical procedures. History disclosed a remarkably constant triad: previous normal stooling pattern, visible and often audible air swallowing and excessive flatus. Physical examination often demonstrated a markedly or intermittently distended and tympanitic abdomen. Abdominal musculature was thinned in children with chronic aerophagia. Roentgenographic evaluation showed massively distended loops of intestine throughout without associated air-fluid levels. There was marked compression of the diaphragm with limited excursion in some. Laboratory and malabsorption testing was normal. Treatment is limited to recognition of the problem, nasogastric decompression in severe cases and psychologic counseling when symptoms persist in the older child. The recognition of this condition may lead to a better understanding of its pathophysiology and will reduce the number of unnecessary admissions or surgical procedures. PMID- 7252732 TI - Extra-anatomical vascular bypass and external skeletal fixation in limb replantation. AB - The scientific background for limb replantation began 75 yr ago with the work of Hopfner and of Carrel and Guthrie. Thirty-five years ago, Hall indicated that the techniques were available, but it was not until 17 yr ago that Malt and McKhann performed the first successful replantation of a limb in man. Since then, the techniques have become more sophisticated and guidelines have been formulated. Many successful replantations have been reported. We present two children with partial amputation of a lower limb. Both had severe soft tissue and bone damage sufficient to contraindicate replantation by conventional criteria. Wound sepsis resulted in failure of replantation of the first child's limb replanted by conventional methods. The second child's limb was salvaged. Extra-anatomical vascular bypass graft separated the critical vascular anastomoses from the open contaminated wound. External skeletal fixation allowed aggressive open wound treatment. In selected cases, these two techniques would appear to increase the chances for successful limb replantation. PMID- 7252733 TI - Pitfalls in the use of barium enema in early appendicitis in children. AB - Appendicitis remains the most common intraabdominal indication for surgery in children. Recently, barium enema has been helpful in increasing the accuracy of diagnosis in difficult cases. Experience with 202 barium enemas in children with abdominal pain entertaining the diagnosis of acute appendicitis revealed some of the problems encountered in using this procedure as a diagnostic tool. Of the 66 children who underwent surgery, there were 32 children who were felt to have a positive barium enema and 31 of these turned out to have acute appendicitis. In the group that had negative barium enemas, there were 3 false negatives and 2 of these children had early perforations by the time of their surgery. The third group were equivocal barium enemas and they pointed out the difficulty in obtaining a normal barium enema in a child who does not have appendicitis. It was felt that the use of barium enema as an adjunct was helpful especially if it were positive, but a negative barium enema could not be relied upon to delay surgery in the child with right lower quadrant peritoneal signs. PMID- 7252734 TI - Colon perforation during attempted barium enema reduction of intussusception. AB - In reviewing the records of almost 1000 infants and children with intussusception in two children's hospitals over the last 25 yr, there have been seven bowel perforations during attempted hydrostatic barium enema reduction of an intussusception. Except for one instance, these have all occurred during the last 6 yr. The infants were all 6 mo old or less and most had a preceeding viral illness. Only 4 of the 7 had pain, all vomited, in only 2 was a mass felt and all but 1 had rectal bleeding. The duration of these signs and symptoms was longer than 36 hr with most ill for 3 or 4 days. All seven infants had abdominal x-rays that showed complete small bowel obstruction. Once the intussusception was suspected, barium enema reduction was attempted without excessive hydrostatic pressure and not for a prolonged time; all the ileocolic intussusceptions were met in the transverse colon with only a minimal reduction produced. It was at this time that a perforation was suddenly noted. All infants required immediate right hemicolectomy for the area (s) of colonic necrosis. Postoperatively, there were two wound infections, a volvulus which left the child with a short gut and another infant suffered severe brain damage. These babies seem to fit a pattern in which they are younger and sicker longer than the average infant with an intussusception, and have a complete small bowel obstruction. These facts may be a warning that such infants are at increased risk for a barium enema bowel perforation. PMID- 7252735 TI - The role of computed tomography in the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma in children. PMID- 7252736 TI - Ruptured spleen--when to operate? AB - Sixty-three patients with splenic injuries were treated during a 5-yr period from 1974-1979. The decision to operate was based on the patient's clinical course, not on the presence of splenic injury alone. Those who were stable on admission or after initial resuscitation were treated nonoperatively. This consisted of strict bed rest, nasogastric suction, and i.v. fluids--including blood--as required. Those who bled massively were operated on promptly. At operation, the spleen was repaired if possible or excised if damaged beyond repair. Forty patients were treated nonoperatively. Sixteen of these required blood transfusions (mean 31.2 +/- 5.3 ml/kg). One patient in this group developed a large defect on spleen scan at 3 wk post injury. There was no other morbidity and no mortality following nonoperative treatment. Nineteen required operation all within 16 hr of admission. Fifteen underwent splenectomy, 2 partial splenectomy, and 1 splenorrhaphy. In 1 the bleeding had stopped. All required blood before operation (mean 80.4 +/- 10.1 ml/kg). Seven in this group died (6 from head injuries and 1 from bleeding). Thus surgery was avoided in 2 out of 3 and the spleen saved in 3 out of 4 patients with documented splenic injuries. We believe that where adequate facilities exist nonoperative treatment of splenic injuries is both safe and effective. When bleeding is massive from the beginning or replacement requirements exceed 40 ml/kg, operation is indicated. PMID- 7252738 TI - Circular myotomy and esophageal length and safe esophageal anastomosis: an experimental study. AB - The indication for circular myotomy is often unclear at the time of esophageal atresia repair because the maximal permissible tension at the anastomosis and the precise effect of myotomy on esophageal length and anastomotic tension are not known. This study was undertaken to answer these questions. In piglets, 0 to 6.5 cm segments of thoracic esophagus were excised and approximation force was measured by dynamometers attached to traction sutures in each cut end of the esophagus prior to anastomosis. When approximation force was greater than 75 g. esophageal leaks occurred and increased fibrosis was noted at the anastomosis. Circular myotomy of the upper segment reduced the force necessary to approximate the ends of the esophagus after a 5- to 6-cm resection by about 50%, and double circular myotomy by as much as 75%. When the upper third of the esophagus of piglets and neonatal cadavers was stretched by the application of traction forces of 0 to 75 g. esophageal length increased by about 40%. Thereafter, length increase ws minimal. For any given traction force, each circular myotomy increased esophageal length by about 5 mm. These studies suggest that accurate measurement of approximation force would be useful at the time of esophageal atresia repair. On the basis of these data, circular myotomy(s) is indicated to elongate the esophagus and reduce anastomotic tension when a force greater than 75 g is needed to approximate the esophageal ends. PMID- 7252737 TI - Comparative methods of splenic preservation. PMID- 7252739 TI - Complications at menarche of urogenital sinus with associated anorectal malformations. AB - Persistent urogenital sinus is frequently associated with a wide spectrum of complex anatomic abnormalities involving the urinary, genital, and gastrointestinal tracts. Failure to accurately define these abnormalities can result in serious complications. One such group of complications occurs relatively late in the clinical course of these children and has received little attention. These are the complications related to menarche. This report reviews the anatomy, complications, and management in five such patients. In this group the onset of menses was associated with hydrosalpinx, pyosalpinx, hematocolpos, hematometrocolpos tubo-ovarian abscess, ruptured ovarian endometrioma, endometriosis, and peritonitis. Anatomic abnormalities included double and septate vagina, vaginal atresia and stenosis, uterus didelphys, and uterus bicornis unicollis, all predisposing to inadequate menstrual flow. Each of these children required surgical intervention. These cases stress the need for an awareness of not only the urinary but the vaginal and uterine abnormalities. Careful early definition of the anatomy and long-term follow-up of children with urogenital sinus malformation is important in order to avoid potential future complications. PMID- 7252740 TI - Moire phototopography in the evaluation of anterior chest wall deformities. AB - One of the major remaining problems in the management of children with anterior chest wall deformities is the lack of a widely accepted objective method of evaluating the severity of the deformity. This deficiency has made it difficult to evaluate indications for operation or the results of operative repair. Moire phototopography is a new method of accurately measuring human body contours utilizing recent developments in applied optics and has been used successfully in scoliosis screening programs. This technique has been applied to the evaluation of anterior chest wall deformities and the initial results of this study are presented. Moire phototopography has proven to be a sensitive, reproducible, and easy to perform method of quantitating pectus deformities. While further evaluation is required, this early experience suggests this technique may provide a means of accurately and objectively measuring chest wall deformities so that their physiologic significance can be precisely investigated and the results of therapy critically reviewed. PMID- 7252741 TI - Sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors in childhood: an updated experience with 118 patients. AB - The histopathology of 118 sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors (SGCT) was correlated with clinical presentation, therapeutic management, and prognosis. There were 97 teratomas (78 mature, 19 immature), 19 embryonal, and 2 anaplastic carcinomas. Mature and immature teratomas usually presented externally (AAP type I) permitting relatively early detection and surgical removal. The immature group was significantly larger (11.6 cm vs. 7.5 cm) with a greater incidence of subsequent embryonal carcinoma (16%). The embryonal and anaplastic carcinomas were diagnosed at a later age (average 21 mo) and had a substantial presacral or endopelvic component (AAP types II-IV); this group had the worst prognosis with no survivors. Our data suggest that combined analysis of clinical findings and histopathology may help to identify some of the children at risk for early recurrence. PMID- 7252742 TI - Circular esophagomyotomy for primary repair of long-gap esophageal atresia. AB - Twelve of forty patients (30%) treated for esophageal atresia at the Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago between June 1976 and May 1980 required a circular esophagomyotomy with or without upper pouch bougienage to achieve an anatomical repair. Ten patients had a distal tracheoesophageal fistula; 1 had a proximal fistula as well; and 2 had no fistula. Over 40% of the patients were small for gestational age. One half had severe associated anomalies including congenital heart disease in 1/3 and the VATER association in 1/4. Three patients died, all from congenital heart disease. Immediate complications in 6 patients included anastomotic leaks (3), tracheal injuries (2), and mucosal entry at the myotomy site (1). Late complications included symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (60%), anastomotic strictures (40%), and severe tracheomalacia requiring long-term tracheotomy (20%). Altered esophageal motility (77%) contributed to poor weight gain (less than 3rd percentile) in most patients. In spite of these complications, satisfactory results were achieved in 8 of the 9 long-term survivors. The ninth patient had a turbulent neonatal period and has persistent swallowing difficulties at 36 mo follow-up. Although an anatomical repair can now be achieved in all patients with esophageal atresia utilizing bougienage and myotomy, some ill neonates may be better served by traditional staging techniques. PMID- 7252743 TI - A unique device to measure lower esophageal sphincter pressure in unsedated infants. AB - A new type of tube is described for measuring lower esophageal sphincter pressures in nonsedated infants and children. Pressure measurements may help in predicting those infants who will require surgery for gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 7252744 TI - Continuous upper esophageal pH monitoring in infants and children with gastroesophageal reflux, pneumonia, and apneic spells. PMID- 7252745 TI - Esophageal biopsy in the diagnosis of reflux esophagitis. AB - Esophagitis in infancy and childhood produces characteristic histologic changes in the mucosa and lamina propria of the distal esophagus. The use of biopsy in addition to endoscopic evaluation considerably enhances the accuracy of the diagnosis of esophagitis, particularly when the degree of inflammatory change is mild. In the absence of severe inflammatory changes, such as ulceration or mucosal slough, esophageal biopsy appears to be essential for the accurate diagnosis of esophagitis. In children of any age with GER who have symptoms of esophagitis, antacid therapy and vigorous efforts to control reflux are indicated. Failure to respond to this program is an indication for esophageal biopsy to confirm or rule out the presence of esophagitis. The degree of inflammatory change in the biopsy is a reliable guide to expected response to antiacid therapy. PMID- 7252746 TI - Pulmonary embolism in children. PMID- 7252747 TI - Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in childhood. PMID- 7252748 TI - Choledochal cyst: survey by the surgical section of the American Academy of Pediatrics. AB - Choledochal cyst is a rare surgical condition that requires prompt surgical treatment to prevent biliary cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The results in this series indicate that the preferred surgical management is: (A) cyst excision and anastomosis of the common bile duct to a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop or (B) direct anastomosis of the "cyst" to a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop. A higher long-term complication rate was seen in patients after direct anastomosis of the duodenum to the adjacent "cyst." Choledochal cyst with biliary atresia probably represents an operable form of extrahepatic bile duct atresia. Of 22 patients with biliary atresia, 11 are living and well without liver disease. The importance of early surgical attention cannot be over emphasized. PMID- 7252749 TI - The influence of cord complications on fetal pH, neonatal Apgar score, and the acid base state and oxygenation of the umbilical artery and vein. AB - Continuous monitoring of fetal scalp tissue pH (tpH), acid base and oxygenation measurements of the blood of the umbilical artery and vein, and APGAR scoring was performed in 152 deliveries. The effect of cord complication on tpH (120, 90, 60, 30, 15, 10, 5, and 0 minutes before delivery), the status of the umbilical artery and vein (pH, pCO2, base excess, standard bicarbonate, pO2, and oxygen saturation), and the APGAR scores (one and five minutes after delivery) were investigated. Thirty-two per cent of the deliveries were associated with on or more cord complication(s). Cord complications in general did not influence the APGAR scores, the acid base state, or the oxygenation of the fetus and newborn. In the very few cases of tight cord complication(s) tpH showed a marked decrease during the last 30 minutes of labour, the umbilical blood was slightly acidotic, but the APGAR scores were normal (8-10 one and five minutes after delivery). No cases of prolapse of the cord were found. Cord complications are very common but in most cases completely harmless. PMID- 7252750 TI - Oxytocinase versus estriol for the assessment of fetal well-being. AB - In a group of 26 primiparae, 48 hours after cesarean section, we have examined the urinary estriol (E3) and serum cystine aminopeptidase (CAP). 13 patients received ampicillin treatment, and 13 patients did not. In the group of patients without antibiotic treatment the urinary estriol after 48 h reached an average value of 5.55 mg/24 h. in the group of treated patients the drastic decrease of E3 reached a mean value of 1.62 mg/24 h. This fact may be explained by the arrest of the feto-placental inflow after delivery, and the blocking effect of the antibiotic on the enterohepatic circulation, compartment which afford for 50% of the maternal circulating estrogen. From the present work it results that the determination of the serum CAP activity, which is not affected by antibiotic treatment, is an appropriate test for the assessment of the fetoplacental unit activity. It must be mentioned that all the biochemical tests complete one another and may have a decisive role in taking immediate obstetrical decisions, together with the additional fetal heart rate monitoring and oxytocin challenge test. PMID- 7252751 TI - Lymphocyte blastogenesis in normal and low birth weight infants and the effect of monocyte depletion on it. PMID- 7252752 TI - Rorschach cards IV and VII revisited. AB - Using 67 emotionally disturbed children and adolescents in residential treatment, the "father-mother" hypothesis of Cards IV and VII of the Rorschach technique was investigated. While Cards X and IV were selected significantly often, it was only Card IV which was selected as the "father" card significantly more often than chance, as well as significantly less often selected as the "mother" card. Conversely, Card VII was selected as the "mother" card significantly more often than chance and selected as the "father" card significantly less often. The more dysfunctional a child or adolescent's relationship is with his/her parents, the more likely the child/adolescent selects Card IV as the "father" or Card VII as the "mother" card. Implications are discussed. PMID- 7252753 TI - Rorschach and Hand Test data comparing bipolar patients in manic and depressive phases. PMID- 7252754 TI - Children's earliest memories: their use in clinical practice. AB - While Adlerians have long advocated the use of the earliest childhood memory (EM) for adult assessments, they have discouraged the use of children's EMs for the same purpose. The present writer argues that children's EMs merit further research. In support of this position, the research literature is discussed, a clinical case study is presented, and the results from a small pilot study of clinical cases is summarized. PMID- 7252755 TI - Alcoholic MMPI types and their relationship to patient characteristics, polydrug abuse, and abstinence following treatment. AB - This study attempted to delineate personality types by applying empirical clustering procedures to the MMPI protocols of 207 (175 males and 32 females) inpatient alcoholics in a private treatment facility. Additional patient information was collected, including self-reported alcohol use following treatment, ethnicity, educational level, marital status, numbaer of previous admissions, and dependence on drugs in addition to alcohol. Shipley-Hartford IQ scores and Zung Depression scores obtained upon admission were also included. Four representative MMPI types emerged, one of which had a significantly greater proportion of polydrug abusers. Significant differences between the types were obtained for ethnicity, level of education, marital status, and Shipley-Hartford scores. Zung Depression scores were found to be significantly different between types and closely reflected the levels of depression indicated on the MMPI. Finally, the types were found to have a significant although modest relationship to twelve month sobriety following discharge. Results are discussed in terms of the considerable heterogeneity of alcoholic populations and the need to detail and elaborate the characteristics of alcoholic types. PMID- 7252756 TI - Locus of control and its relationship to anxiety and depression. AB - This study proposed that the low-order-correlations reported in the literature between externality and two indices of pathology would be heightened if the externality construct was differentiated into defensive and congruent externality. Defensive externals, who have low expectations of success in achieving valued goals and adopt external beliefs as a defense against feelings of personal failure, should be prone to anxiety; congruent externals, with their sincere belief that reinforcement is not contingent upon their own behavior, fit into the "learned helplessness" paradigm and should become depressed. Sixty male and female college undergraduates were selected as Internal, Defensive External, and Congruent External subjects on the basis of their scores on Levenson's Internal, Powerful Others, and Chance scales, and administered the Self-rating Depression Scale and the Achievement Anxiety Test. Results of the study are equivocal. Congruent externality does manifest a significant positive correlation with depression, but this correlation is low. Defensive externality is significantly positively correlated with debilitating anxiety, but the correlation is greater for congruent externality. Internality is significantly negatively correlated with both depression and debilitating anxiety. PMID- 7252757 TI - [Fungistatic and fungicidal activity of some antimycotic agents on Pityrosporum ovale (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252759 TI - [Microbial contamination of drugs: semi-solid formulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252758 TI - Drug polymer combinations IV. Toxicity screening of procainamide and its methacrylamide derivates on Artemia. PMID- 7252760 TI - [Polarographic determination of piperazine and piperazine salts. Application to analysis of complex pharmaceutical preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252761 TI - [Pharmacology of antihypertensive drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252762 TI - [Relative bioavailability study of sulfinpyrazone after oral administration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252764 TI - [Coating assays of a granulate containing lycopodium oil (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252763 TI - [The influence of synthetic estrogens on experimental Schistosoma mansoni parasitosis in hamster: studies of the effects of anti-estrogens (tamoxifen and clomifen) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252765 TI - Glucose tolerance curves in genetically diabetic KK-CAy mice: the pharmacokinetic analysis for humping effect. AB - Pharmacokinetic analysis on glucose tolerance curves in genetically diabetic KK CAy mice treated with hypoglycemics was investigated using an analog computer. The glucose tolerance curves in KK-CAy mice showed humping phenomena. They could not be simulated by a simple compartmental model, but might be fitted to the model containing the non-linear function. "Compartment-H" model was contrived by adding the H-factor between glucose and insulin compartments. All the glucose tolerance curves in the KK-CAy mice could be simulated reasonable by this model and some suggestions on the humping effect were obtained from the analysis of H factor. The H-factor was observed to be influenced by adrenergic alpha-blocker. This pharmacokinetic approach was indicated to be useful for the pharmacological research. PMID- 7252766 TI - Effect of bumetanide on p-aminohippurate transport in renal cortical slices. AB - The inhibitory effect of bumetanide on the accumulation of p-aminohippurate (PAH) in rat kidney slices was investigated. Bumetanide increased the Km value for PAH while the Vmax remained to be constant, indicating a competitive inhibition of PAH uptake by bumetanide in the slices. Addition of bumetanide to the medium increased the efflux of PAH with which the slices were preloaded. These data suggest that the inhibitory effect of bumetanide on PAH accumulation is due to an decrease in the PAH transport to the slices from the medium as well as an increase in the efflux of PAH. The present study suggests that the effect of bumetanide was not mediated by the changes of the intracellular contents of electrolytes, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. PMID- 7252767 TI - Radioimmunoassay of cyclazocine and stereospecificity of antibody. AB - A new radioimmunoassay, using 3H-cyclazocine, rabbit antiserum and charcoal dextran separation of bound and free cyclazocine, for the direct analysis of serum cyclazocine is described. This method, which is specific for cyclazocine and has a detection limit of ca. 25 pd/assay tube, was successful in determining the cyclazocine level in the sera of beagles intramuscularly injected with 3 or 10 microgram/kg cyclazocine. The drug half-life was 90 min; the apparent distribution volumes were 4.0 and 5.26 liter/kg, respectively. One of the antisera raised in rabbits immunized with dl-cyclazocine derivative-BSA conjugates was highly specific for l-cyclazocine. PMID- 7252768 TI - Effects of sodium selenite on distribution and placental transfer of mercuric mercury in mice of late gestational period. AB - Mercury distribution and placental transfer in mice were investigated with coadministration of selenite. Pregnant mice, subcutaneously injected with 1.5 or 15.0 mumol/kg of mercuric chloride and 0, 1.3, 12.7 or 25.3 mumol/kg of sodium selenite on day 16 or their gestation, were examined for tissue distribution of mercury 24 hours after treatment. Elevated mercury concentrations in the blood were found along with increasing doses of selenite at the two dose-levels of mercury, on the other hand, decreased accumulation of mercury with increased doses of selenite was found in the kidneys and brain. In the liver, the largest amount of mercury was accumulated by approximate-equimolar combinations of doses. The amount of mercury transferred to the fetus was remarkably reduced in the groups injected with 12.7 mumol/kg of selenite at the two dose-levels of mercury. In the groups injected with higher dose of mercury, where fetal organs were measurable for mercury, fetal brain, liver or kidneys of the group of selenite 12.7 mumol/kg contained the least amount of mercury among the groups. All of the mice injected with 15.0 mumol/kg of mercury and 25.3 mumol/kg of selenite aborted before sacrifice. PMID- 7252769 TI - Antitumor activity of 1-alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil derivatives by oral administration. AB - Antitumor activity of seven 5-fluorouracil derivatives having carbamoyl linkage with amino acid was examined against L-1210 leukemia, adenocarcinoma 755, ascites sarcoma 180, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and Lewis lung carcinoma by oral administration. These compounds showed more than 30% increase in life-span (ILS) against L-1210 at optimal doses when given by oral administration. Therapeutic ratios (ILSmax/ILS30) of 1-methoxycarbonylmethylcarbamoyl and 1-(1-ethoxycarbonyl 3-methylthiopropylcarbamoyl) derivatives of 5-fluorouracil in L-1210 system were 4.8 and 4.7, respectively. 1-Methoxycarbonylmethylcarbamoyl and 1-(2 ethoxycarbonylethylcarbamoyl) derivatives of 5-fluorouracil inhibited completely the growth of adenocarcinoma 755 when given orally, but only 1 methoxycarbonylmethylcarbamoyl derivative inhibited 99 and 98% of the growth of ascites sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, respectively. The latter compound increased the life-span to 48% at optimal dose in Lewis lung carcinoma system. PMID- 7252770 TI - Effects of dexamethasone 17-esters on adrenal weight and hydrolysis of glucocorticoid 17-esters in rat fetuses. AB - Prednisolone was detected in the brain of rat fetus subcutaneously administered prednisolone 17-acetate. After the subcutaneous injection of betamethasone 17 propionate or dexamethasone 17-propionate to rat fetus, the unchanged steroid was detected mainly in the brain. The hydrolytic rates of prednisolone 17-acetate, betamethasone 17-esters (acetate, propionate) and dexamethasone 17-esters (acetate, propionate, valerate) in the livers of rat fetuses were studied. Prednisolone 17-acetate was hydrolyzed to prednisolone very rapidly. Betamethasone 17-esters and dexamethasone 17-esters were hydrolyzed more slowly. The hydrolytic rate of dexamethasone acetate among the dexamethasone 17-esters was the most rapid, followed by propionate and valerate. The adrenals of rat fetuses became significantly atrophied after subcutaneous administration of dexamethasone and its 17-esters. The simultaneous administration of betamethasone 17, 21-dipropionate and its metabolite betamethasone impaired the hypertrophic effect of the former on the adrenal weights of rat fetuses. The effects of the hydrolytic rate of these glucocorticoid 17-esters and of C16-methyl conformation on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal system in rat fetuses are discussed. PMID- 7252771 TI - Determination of a new hypoglycemic drug, gliclazide, in human serum by radioimmunoassay. AB - radioimmunoassays have been developed which enable accurate and sensitive determination of gliclazide in human serum. Antisera A and B against gliclazide were obtained from guinea pigs immunized with conjugates A and B prepared by coupling gliclazide homologues, 1-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-3-(4' carboxypiperidino)urea and 1-(4-methyl-3-carboxybenzenesulfonyl)-3-(3 azabicyclo[3,3,0]oct-3-yl)urea, to bovine serum albumin. 3H-Gliclazide was used as a tracer. Dextran-coated charcoal was used to separate bound and free 3H gliclazide in the reaction mixture. The assays of gliclazide in serum were possible over a concentration range from 0.25 to 20 microgram/ml with the antiserum A and from 0.1 to 10 microgram/ml with the antiserum B, respectively, using 0.01 ml of human serum without the need for an extraction procedure. The antisera used for the assays were specific for gliclazide. Data obtained by the radioimmunoassay with the antiserum A are in good agreement with those by the radioimmunoassay with the antiserum B and gas-liquid chromatography. Serum levels of gliclazide in healthy volunteers receiving single oral dosing (40 mg/subject) have also been determined. PMID- 7252772 TI - Dopamine and its antagonists on molluscan smooth muscle. PMID- 7252773 TI - Hypocalcemic effect of acetylsalicylic acid in rats. AB - Oral administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at a dose of 200 mg/kg produced a decrease in both total plasma calcium and plasma ionic calcium levels in rats. The percent changes from controls in both total and ionic calcium were similar, being approximately 13% at 3 hr after the administration. A significant (p less than 0.01) decrease in plasma calcium level was also observed at 4 hr after oral administration of salicylic acid at a dose level of 177 mg/kg. However, oral administration of other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as indomethacin failed to decrease plasma calcium levels in rats. The hypocalcemic effect of ASA was recognized in parathyroidectomized rats, but neither in thyroparathyroidectomized nor in thyroidectomized rats. Therefore, the data suggested that the action of ASA might be mediated by stimulation of calcitonin release, but not by inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 7252774 TI - Sodium ion-dependency of taurine-induced enhancement of drug absorption from rat stomach in situ. PMID- 7252775 TI - [Pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidine antibacterial agents. V. Synthesis and reactions of 1H,5H-imidazo(1,2-a)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252776 TI - [The effect of physical condition in first emulsification for yield of microcapsules (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252777 TI - [The effect of physical condition in second emulsification for yield of microcapsules (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252778 TI - [Quantitative measurement of phenytoin and hydroxyphenytoin in human serum by column extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252779 TI - [Studies on the water-soluble constituents of the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Wogon) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252780 TI - [Studies on the metabolic fate of tulobuterol. IV. The relation between the age of rat and the metabolic fate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252781 TI - [Effect of phenoxybenzamine on the adrenergic neurone blocking action of guanethidine in isolated guinea pig vas deferens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252782 TI - [Studies on the derivatives of aminoalcohols. V. Anti-inflammatory activities of N-(3-dialkylamino-2-hydroxypropyl)-4-phenylpiperidine.dihydrochloride (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252783 TI - [Studies on constituents of Angelicae dahuricae Radix. I. On a new furocoumarin derivative (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252784 TI - [Serum phospholipids of patients with malignant tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252785 TI - [Studies on the constituents in the water extracts of crude drugs. III. On the roots of Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata Bge. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252786 TI - [On coumarins from the fruits of Angelica pubescens Maxim (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252787 TI - [Reactivity of rice bran lectin for human erythrocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252788 TI - [Clinical evaluation of digoxin dosage regimen.--Application of pharmacokinetics and digoxin stat assay by radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252789 TI - [Studies on furan derivatives. XI. Test for antitumor activity of nitrofuran derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252790 TI - Lithium pharmacokinetics: single-dose experiments and analysis using a physiological model. AB - The kinetics of lithium (Li+) distribution after a single dose was studied in healthy human subjects. Experiments were performed by simultaneously following changes of Li+ concentration in plasma, erythrocytes (RBC), and urine. The data were fitted by a simple but physiologically realistic model, so that extracted rate constants could be assigned to real body compartments and compared with independent measurements of cellular transport characteristics. The extracted rate constants were used to calculate steady-state cell-to-plasma Li+ ratios for RBC and for inaccessible cells (mainly muscle). In both cell types, the intracellular Li+ concentration is far below electrochemical equilibrium. This finding suggests that the Li+ countertransport efflux mechanism of RBC may be shared with muscle. We also present evidence for a circadian rhythm in Li+ excretion that parallels the daily cycle of Na+ and K+ excretion. PMID- 7252791 TI - An algorithm and computer program for deconvolution in linear pharmacokinetics. AB - The procedure of deconvolution to evaluate the rate and the extent of input from absorption data and data from intravenous administration is the most fundamental and least assumptive method of accurately evaluating drug absorption in linear pharmacokinetics. It is shown for linear systems that if the absorption response and the response from an intravenous infusion or bolus administration are both well approximated by a polyexponential function, then the rate of absorption can be expressed as a sum of exponentials. An algorithm and computer program are presented whereby the absorption function is uniquely defined from the model independent parameters of the polyexponential expressions fitted to the absorption data and data from intravenous administration. Fitting a sum of exponentials to data has become a routine procedure in pharmacokinetics. The method presented therefore makes the previously complex task of deconvolution a simple procedure. The deconvolution approach is discussed in relation to conventional methods of evaluating drug absorption and appears to have some distinct advantages over these methods. The method is tested using simulated data and demonstrated using pentobarbital and cimetidine data from human subjects. PMID- 7252792 TI - Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of indocyanine green in the rabbit and rat. AB - The pharmacokinetic behavior of indocyanine green (ICG) in the rabbit can be described by a two-compartment open model, allowing for saturable transport of drug to the peripheral compartment and for its first-order elimination from the peripheral compartment. Use of this model led to the prediction of the accumulation of ICG in the plasma of a rabbit following the administration of repeated i.v. injections. Furthermore, studies conducted in the rat were also consistent with this model. One characteristic of the model is that above certain dose levels, the accumulation of ICG in the liver (i.e., the peripheral compartment) should reach a maximum independent of dose during certain time periods. This prediction was confirmed in a series of studies in the rat. The findings presented in this report provide evidence that a single model may be capable of explaining the variety of pharmacokinetic characteristics which have been reported for ICG, at least in the dose range studied. PMID- 7252793 TI - Symbols in pharmacokinetics. AB - To encourage uniformity in the presentation of pharmacokinetic data, a general nomenclature has been developed. The system has wide application. Flexibility is achieved through the use of general variables, constants, qualifying terms, and subscripts. Yet, through the use of implied terms, the symbols describing many common variables and constants are simple. PMID- 7252794 TI - The application of statistical moment theory to the evaluation of in vivo dissolution time and absorption time. AB - Moments analysis has been applied to the calculation of mean (in vivo) dissolution time (MDT) and mean absorption time (MAT) from plasma level of drug versus time data. Methods for accurately estimating the MDT under varying conditions, limitations of the methods, and interpretation of the data are presented. The importance of accurate estimates of the terminal rate constant (lambda 2) and the drug concentration at the time of withdrawing the final plasma sample (Cz) is emphasized in connection with extrapolation to t = affinity. The appropriate use of a logarithmic trapezoidal equation for calculating the area under the moments curve (AUMC) is shown to increase the accuracy of estimating MDT. PMID- 7252795 TI - Derivation and significance of valence molecular connectivity. AB - The physical basis for valence molecular connectivity was studied. The delta v and delta values are cardinal numbers describing the electronic structure of atoms in their valence states. The value delta v + delta describes the volume of a bonding atom while the value delta v - delta describes the electronegativity. By using the principle of electronegativity equalization, bond electronegativity is defined as (delta vi delta vj)-1/2, and the valence molecular connectivity index (l chi v) is derived as a sum of these bond descriptions. The valence chi index is interpreted in terms of the information encoded, describing both the volume and electronic characteristics of bonds in molecules. Examples of close relationships with molecular volume and electronic properties are shown. A new way of estimating valence state electronegativity is proposed from a count of exterjacent electrons divided by the quantum number squared for at least the first three quantum levels. PMID- 7252796 TI - Analysis of drug contamination from parabens in theophylline olamine. AB - Contaminants in a commercial enema sample of theophylline olamine were found to be derived from parabens and ethanolamine. These contaminants, whose presence was characterized by the loss of preservatives and solubilizing agent, were isolated directly from the drug sample and identified. A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system was developed to separate completely and to measure quantitatively theophylline, the two impurities, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and N-(2 hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxybenzamide, and the remaining parabens. The material balance obtained from the results of quantitative HPLC indicated the formation of these impurities at the expense of parabens. TLC, IR, and UV spectrophotometry and NMR and mass spectrometric analyses were used for identification or for comparisons of the new compound and the known N-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzamide. PMID- 7252797 TI - Precaution on use of hydrochloride salts in pharmaceutical formulation. AB - Previous reports suggested that the formation of hydrochloride salts does not always enhance solubility due to the common ion effect. The extent of the common ion effect seems to be related to aqueous solubility, with slightly soluble hydrochlorides being more sensitive to the common ion, i.e., chloride ion. The relationship between solubility in water and the extent of the common ion effect was examined, and a high correlation was found, suggesting that hydrochlorides possessing solubilities in water at least of the order observed for papaverine and demeclocycline hydrochlorides (approximately 32 mg/ml at 25 degrees and 42 mg/ml at 37 degrees) are less soluble than the corresponding free base at gastric pH. PMID- 7252798 TI - Urinary excretion of methenamine and formaldehyde: evaluation of 10 methenamine products in humans. AB - The urinary excretion of both methenamine and formaldehyde was measured for 48 hr after the oral administration of 10 different methenamine products to 10 human subjects in a crossover study. The following dosage forms were evaluated: a tablet of methenamine base, a methenamine hippurate tablet, and eight products containing methenamine mandelate, including six enteric-coated tablets, a suspension, and a granule dosage form. The nonenteric-coated dosage forms were absorbed more rapidly, based on maximum excretion rates that occurred within 3 hr after dosing. The enteric-coated tablets, which were designed not to release methenamine until reaching the intestinal tract, exhibited maximum excretion rates that did not occur until 7-17 hr after dosing. There were no significant differences (p greater than 0.05) among products in terms of total excretion of free formaldehyde in the urine. However, large differences (p less than 0.05) were noted among products for urinary recovery of total methenamine, with the amount of administered dose recovered ranging from 16 to 83%. PMID- 7252799 TI - Effect of antacid on bioavailability of theophylline from rapid and timed-release drug products. AB - Magnesium aluminum hydroxide suspension (an antacid) was given concurrently with either theophylline anhydrous tablets or theophylline anhydrous timed-release capsules to 13 volunteers using a four-way crossover design. Serum theophylline was measured by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. The serum level-time curves were individually fitted to an oral absorption one-compartment open model. The pharmacokinetic parameters (mean +/- SD) KA, K, AUC, and F/V for theophylline from the rapid release theophylline anhydrous tablets were 2.1 +/- 1.3 hr-1, 0.15 +/- 0.06 hr-1, 89.2 +/0 39 microgram hr/ml, and 0.0023 +/- 0.002 kg/ml, respectively; from the anhydrous timed-release capsules, they were 0.27 +/ 0.08 hr-1, 0.20 +/- 0.07 hr-1, 79.0 +/- 27 microgram hr/ml, and 0.0030 +/- 0.007 kg/ml, respectively. The concurrent administration of 15 ml of antacid (magnesium aluminum hydroxide suspension) with the theophylline products did not significantly affect any of these pharmacokinetic parameters. The extent of theophylline bioavailability from all drug products was consistent and similar as shown by the F/V and AUC values. PMID- 7252800 TI - Carboxymethylcellulose: effect of degree of polymerization and substitution on tablet disintegration and dissolution. PMID- 7252802 TI - Comparison of anticonvulsant potencies of cyheptamide, carbamazepine, and phenytoin. AB - Carbamazepine and cyheptamide have certain stereochemical features in common with phenytoin; when superimposed, two bulky hydrophobic groups in each permit the approximate apposition of two electron donor atoms. The anticonvulsant activity of each compound was determined in mice using a standard maximal electroshock procedure, and the relative potencies are expressed in terms of the blood and brain concentrations as well as the intraperitoneal dosage. Although cyheptamide was much less potent than carbamazepine or phenytoin on the basis of intraperitoneal dosage, the difference in potency was much less when blood or brain concentrations were compared. These data should be of value for quantitative structure-activity relationship studies. PMID- 7252801 TI - Rotary press utilizing a flexible die wall. AB - A die with a flexible wall was constructed and evaluated on a specially modified instrumented rotary tablet press. The design permits an inward deflection of the die wall by a side punch, which rolls past a side compression roll during compression-decompression. The side compression roll is instrumented to monitor the applied side compression roll forces. On decompression, return of the die wall to its original position permits release of residual die wall pressure. The decreased residual die wall pressure can decrease fracture and capping of tablets for problem formulations. The performance was tested on three experimental formulations. For these formulations, tablets made in a conventional die exhibited severe capping problems. However, most tablets compressed in the special die were superior. With proper adjustment of punch and die wall compression forces, excellent tablets could be manufactured. The merits of the special die and modified tablet machine are substantiated, although this initial design did not provide adequate die wall pressure for all formulations. Further engineering efforts could result in practical production equipment. PMID- 7252803 TI - Effect of antacids on activity of oral hypoglycemics. AB - The effect of some antacids on the dissolution and hypoglycemic activity of acetohexamide, tolazamide, and tolbutamide tablets was investigated, as was the adsorption of the three drugs onto the antacids. The dissolution rates of the three drugs in the presence of magnesium oxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, and calcium carbonate increased (0.5-1 hr) and then plateaued or decreased (1-3 hr). Magnesium trisilicate directly suppressed the dissolution of the three drugs. The antacids reduced the hypoglycemic activity of tolbutamide in the following order:magnesium trisilicate greater than magnesium oxide greater than aluminum hydroxide greater than magnesium carbonate greater than calcium carbonate. The same order occurred for the first three antacids with acetohexamide and tolazamide. Decreased hypoglycemic activity of the drugs may have been due to their adsorption to the coadministered antacids. PMID- 7252804 TI - Stereospecific radioimmunoassays for d-pseudoephedrine in human plasma and their application to bioequivalency studies. AB - Antiserum to d-pseudoephedrine was raised in New Zealand White rabbits in response to immunization with a conjugate of bovine serum albumin and d pseudoephedrine-N-3-propionic acid. The hapten was prepared by reaction of methyl acrylate with d-pseudoephedrine, followed by ester hydrolysis. Sodium boro[3H]hydride reduction of dl-ephedrine gave [alpha-3H]-dl-ephedrine, and a Welsh rearrangement with acetic anhydride followed by deacetylation gave [alpha 3H]-dl-pseudoephedrine, which was used as a radioligand in radioimmunoassay procedures for direct plasma analyses. Three sensitive radioimmunoassay procedures were developed, two using [3H]pseudoephedrine as the radioligand and either adsorption on coated charcoal or polyethylene glycol precipitation for separation of antibody-bound from free radioligand. The third method used an [125I]tyrosine methyl ester analog of pseudoephedrine and charcoal separation, preceded by extraction and derivatization of pseudoephedrine with methyl acrylate. All three assays could detect less than or equal to 2.5 ng of pseudoephedrine/ml. The antiserum was stereospecific, showing low cross reactivities with l-pseudoephedrine and d- and l-ephedrines. d-Norpseudoephedrine and some other related compounds also had low cross-reactivity in these radioimmunoassay procedures. Excellent agreement was found between pseudoephedrine concentrations in human plasma determined by radioimmunoassay and by a standard GLC method. The utility of radioimmunoassay was illustrated by application of one of these procedures to an assessment of the bioequivalence of immediate- and sustained-release pseudoephedrine formulations in normal volunteers. A sustained-release preparation containing 120 mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride given every 12 hr was shown by AUC comparisons to be bioequivalent to an immediate-release tablet (containing 60 mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride) given every 6 hr. PMID- 7252805 TI - Comparative teratogenicity of cortisone and phenytoin in mice. AB - Single administrations of cortisone or phenytoin to pregnant mice on Days 11--14 of gestation caused similar skeletal and dissimilar soft tissue fetal anomalies. Cortisone reduced both maternal and fetal weight, whereas phenytoin only reduced fetal weight without adversely affecting maternal weight. A correlation between fetal weight reduction and cleft palate incidence was evident for each drug. Because probit analysis of dose--response regression lines did not deviate from parallelism after drug challenge, it was concluded that cortisone and phenytoin may produce palatal anomalies in the mouse fetus by a similar mechanism. PMID- 7252806 TI - Oxidative degradation of 6-selenoguanosine in aqueous solutions. AB - The degradation of 6-selenoguanosine (NSC 137679) (I) in water and in various buffer systems was investigated. Drug degradation in aqueous media was monitored by high-pressure of I in various chromatography. Some kinetic aspects of the degradation of I in various buffer systems at 25 degrees also were studied spectrophotometrically. The degradation, which requires oxygen, involves autoxidation of I to the corresponding diselenide, which produces a selenide and metallic selenium in the presence of oxygen. This degradation pathway differs from that reported fro the oxidation of related thio compounds. PMID- 7252807 TI - Effect of adsorbed carbonate on surface charge characteristics and physical properties of aluminum hydroxide gel. AB - A titration procedure was used to determine the zero point of charge of a number of chloride-containing aluminum hydroxide gels and aluminum hydroxycarbonate gels. The surface charge characteristics of aluminum hydroxide gel were determined by both hydroxyls and the surface density of specifically adsorbed carbonate anion. The wide range of zero point of charge values reported for aluminum hydroxide is thought to be due to the presence of specifically adsorbed anions such as carbonate. The effect of ionic strength on the pH of aluminum hydroxide gel is important during washing since the ease of electrolyte removal is related to surface charge. Viscosity and sedimentation characteristics are related to the relationship between the zero point of charge and bulk pH. Maximum possibility was observed when the bulk pH was adjusted to the zero point of charge. PMID- 7252808 TI - Spectrofluorometric determination of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylamide, and salicyclic acid as an impurity in pharmaceutical preparations. AB - Spectrofluorometry, either direct or in combination with a separation technique, provides a sensitive and accurate method for the determination of certain extent fluorescent analgesic drugs and the determination of impurities in many combination preparations. A critical examination of the UV spectra of common analgesics and related compounds indicates that the fluorescence inner filter effect should be negligible below 10(-5) M and that selective excitation and emission wavelengths should minimize interference from other fluorescent species. Fluorometric procedures are presented for the determination of salicylamide, acetylsalicylic acid, and salicylic acid, as an impurity, in preparations containing salicylamide, acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen, caffeine, and phenacetin as major constituents. Inner filtering is the limiting factor only for the direct and indirect determination of salicylamide and the direct determination of acetylsalicylic acid. Results of fluorometric determinations compare favorably with other reference methods. Salicylic acid is determined in the 10(-7) M concentration range after separation from salicylamide, acetaminophen, and caffeine. PMID- 7252809 TI - Continuous flow bead-bed dissolution apparatus for suppositories. AB - A bead-bed dissolution apparatus for suppositories was evaluated by measuring the release of benzocaine from various vehicles. During dissolution, suppositories soften, deform, disintegrate, and eventually pass through a phase change from a solid to an oil. The control of the interfacial area during dissolution is a key factor in obtaining experimentally reproducible release data. The proposed suppository dissolution apparatus was designed to provide greater constancy of the exposed suppository area for dissolution. The apparatus consisted of a glass bead-bed containing the suppository. A continuous flow of liquid was passed through the bead-bed at a constant rate. Direct contact of the suppository was maintained with the dissolution medium, confining the suppository within the beads. PMID- 7252810 TI - Effect of caffeine on ergotamine absorption from rat small intestine. AB - The effect of caffeine on the absorption of ergotamine from the rat small intestine was studied. The results of a series of experiments showed that caffeine significantly enhanced absorption of ergotamine from solutions of pH 5.0 when both substances were in solution and when an intact blood supply was either absent (in vitro everted sac experiments) or present (in situ experiments). Caffeine did not appear to influence the absorption rate of ergotamine in situ experiments when the solution pH was 3.0. Isosorbide dinitrate, a vasodilator, enhanced ergotamine absorption when both substances were administered simultaneously into intestinal loops in situ. Isosorbide dinitrate probably exerts its effect by increasing blood flow to the intestine. The results are consistent with an hypothesis that the rate-determining step in ergotamine absorption is the transport of the drug from a lipid phase (GI membrane) into an aqueous phase (blood). Caffeine is thought to exert its rate-accelerating effect by increasing the water solubility of ergotamine neutral molecules. PMID- 7252812 TI - Pharmacokinetics of [14C]bretylium tosylate in rats. AB - The pharmacokinetics of bretylium tosylate were investigated in eight male Charles River rats. Each animal received an intravenous dose (10 mg/kg) of [14C)bretylium tosylate. Serial blood samples, urine, and feces were collected for up to 72 hr. Bretylium concentrations in plasma and amounts excreted in urine and feces were determined by scintillation counting. On the average, 88 and 95% of the dose were recovered in urine and feces in 24 and 72 hr, respectively. Urinary recovery accounted for 65.6 of the dose while 29.7% was excreted in the feces. Bretylium concentrations in plasma declined triexponentially and were fitted to a three-compartment open model. Bretylium has a very high apparent volume of distribution (15 liters/kg), and its beta half-life averaged 5.5 hr. Mean values of the apparent volume of the central compartment, plasma clearance, renal clearance, and excretion rate constants of bretylium in rats were 1 liter/kg, 1.93 liters/hr/kg, 1.27 liters/hr/kg, and 1.24 hr-1, respectively. The results indicate that: (a) bretylium is strongly bound to the tissues and is eliminated by active urinary secretion and by biliary excretion in rats, and (b) there are strong similarities between the pharmacokinetics of bretylium in humans and rats and that this animal model might be suitable for interaction studies with other drugs. PMID- 7252811 TI - Acute hemodynamic effects and blood pool kinetics of polystyrene microspheres following intravenous administration. AB - The acute hemodynamic effect of intravenous administration of polystyrene microspheres was investigated and correlated with their distribution pattern and kinetics. Microspheres of three diameters (3.4, 7.4, and 11.6 micrometer) were administered. The 7.4- and 11.6-micrometer diameter microspheres were filtered by the pulmonary capillary network following intravenous administration, the majority during the first pass. There was no significant hemodynamic effect following administrations of the 7.4- and 11.6-micrometer diameter microspheres in doses as high as 3.0 X 10(9) and 6.1 X 10(8) respectively (total cross sectional area of 1.3 X 10(11) and 6.4 X 10(10) micrometer2, respectively). Intravenous administration of 3.4-micrometer diameter microspheres produced significant dose-dependent systemic hypotension and depression of myocardial performance at dosages as slow as 1.0 X 10(10) (cross-sectional area of 9.1 X 10(10) micrometer2). These differences in acute hemodynamic effect from the 7.4- and 11.6-micrometer diameter microspheres may be due to the differences in distribution kinetics and fate of the 3.4-micrometer diameter microspheres, which readily pass through the lungs to the spleen. Although elimination of the smaller spheres from the blood during the first 6-8 min was rapid, i.e., t 1/2 = 1.62 and 1.72 min from the venous and arterial blood circulation, respectively, levels of 10(3) spheres/g of blood were present in the circulation for greater than 1 hr. These findings must be considered in the planning of intravenous administration of microspheres as a drug delivery system to target organs. PMID- 7252813 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic measurement of cloprednol in human plasma. AB - A rapid and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of cloprednol in human plasma is described. Samples were extracted using methylene chloride-ether (40:60) and then purified further by solvent and pH partitioning techniques. Cloprednol was analyzed using normal phase chromatography and UV detection at 254 nm. The final recovery after losses during the cleanup procedure for cloprednol from human plasma was 80.8%. The lowest concentration that could be measured with confidence was 8 ng/ml. PMID- 7252814 TI - Statistical simulation study of new proposed uniformity requirement for bioequivalency studies. AB - The results of a statistical simulation study of the FDA-proposed 75/75 requirement for some bioequivalency studies are presented. The study used test drug products with the same true average bioavailability as the corresponding reference drug products but with various degrees of uniformity as measured by the coefficient of variation. The performance of the 75/75 requirement indicated that the probability of the test product passing was greater if both products had identical small coefficients of variation than if both had identical large coefficients of variation. Moreover, a test product compared to a reference product with equal variability had less probability of acceptance than an equally variable test product for another drug for which the reference product had less variability. Both results indicate that the 75/75 requirement should be withdrawn. An alternate uniformly most powerful, unbiased test, the Pitman-Morgan F test, is presented. PMID- 7252815 TI - Assignment of conformation and configuration to potassium permanganate oxidation products of quinidine. AB - Two epimeric aldehydes [(R)- and (S)-quinidinals] and the corresponding acids[(R) and (S)-norhydroquinidinoic acids] were prepared by the oxidation of quinidine. The alpha-alpha interactions of the carbonyl group and the aromatic moiety, as reflected in the NMR spectra, were compared with those of quinidine. NMR spectroscopic analyses made it possible to assign both the stable conformation and their configuration at C-3 to these molecules. The free hydroxyl group at C-9 must be present for the chemical shift values to be concentration dependent. These findings provide more information on association in the parent molecules. PMID- 7252816 TI - Impact of stable conformation of cinchona alkaloids on protonation site. AB - NMR analyses of quinidine and other cinchona alkaloids and their monoprotonated salts in deuterium oxide and in deuterochloroform revealed that the molecules assume new conformations in polar and nonpolar media, affecting the protonation site and hydrophilic-lipophilic characteristics. The ion-pair feature of the salts is lost and the molecules assume a neutral feature when they are transferred from an aqueous to a lipoid phase. Hydrophobic bonds between the molecules and their environment and within the molecule itself may affect the binding of cinchona alkaloids to membranes in biological fluids. PMID- 7252817 TI - Biological and phytochemical investigation of plants XVI: Strumpfia maritima (Rubiaceae). AB - An aqueous extract of the flowering tops of Strumpfia maritima exhibited antifertility activity in female rats. The extract also contained the flavonol glycoside narcissin. This article represents the first reported isolation of this flavonoid from the Rubiaceae, as well as the first reported phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of the genus Strumpfia. PMID- 7252818 TI - Prolongation of effect of asparaginase by implantation in polyacrylamide in rats. AB - Asparaginase was immobilized in spherical polyacrylamide microparticles, which were inserted in polyacrylamide gel for implantation in rats. Intraperitoneal implantation of this gel depressed systemic L-asparagine for the same duration as was achieved with microparticles, i.e., 8-10 days. The duration of the effect was prolonged up to about 25 days when the gel with the enzyme was implanted subcutaneously on the back of the rat. In both cases, a collagenous capsule formed around the gel, eventually preventing contact with the circulation. The effect of a second implantation was of the same magnitude as the first one. PMID- 7252819 TI - Fluorometric determination of all-trans retinol in rat serum. PMID- 7252820 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of propranolol and 4 hydroxypropranolol in plasma. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of propranolol and 4-hydroxypropranolol in plasma is presented. The method involves plasma extraction at basic pH with ethyl column, and fluorescence detection. The within-run a reversed-phase column coefficient of variation were 3.0-7.1% for propranolol and 5.8-8.3% for 4-hydroxypropranolol. The day-to-day variations were 4.6 and 8.2% for propranolol and 4-hydroxypropranolol, respectively. The method can detect 1 ng of each compound/ml of plasma. PMID- 7252821 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of dimenhydrinate with Reinecke salt. AB - A convenient spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of dimenhydrinate in bulk drug and dosage forms and in 1:1 combinations with aspirin, acetaminophen, meprobamate, phenylephrine, and tolbutamide. The method consisted of reacting dimenhydrinate with reinecke salt in an acidic medium at 27 +/- 2 degrees. The purple precipitate was filtered and dissolved in acetone, and the maximum color absorption attained in 15 min was measured at 540 nm. Evidence is provided to establish the optimal experimental parameters. The stoichiometric balance of the precipitate was determined. Reasonably ideal adherence of the color absorption pattern to the Beer-Lambert law permitted microdetermination of dimenhydrinate in pure form, commercial formulations, laboratory-made combinations, and recovery experiments with good accuracy and repeatability. No interference was observed with any of the drugs or tablet adjuvants. PMID- 7252822 TI - Characteristics of equilibrium reaction of zolazepam. AB - The equilibrium reaction of zolazepam, a pyrazolodiazepinone, was studied and analyzed using the approach used previously for other pyrazolodiazepinone derivatives. The intrinsic ring closure equilibrium constant for this reaction was approximately 100 times larger than that observed for pyrazolodiazepinones studied previously. This study illustrates that the diazepinone ring can dominate in equilibrium mixtures formed at pH values far below the pKa of the corresponding form. PMID- 7252823 TI - Improved assay for mixtures of citrate and citric acid in systemic alkalizer solutions. AB - A modification of the USP method for the assay of systemic alkalizer solutions containing mixtures of citrate and citric acid is presented; it involves two titrations and ion-exchange chromatography. A diluted sample is tritiated with 0.02 N NaOH to find the free citric acid content. The eluate from cation-exchange chromatography of an equal volume of diluted sample is titrated with 0.02 N NaOH to assay for total citric acid. Subtracting the results of the first titration from the second provides the citrate content. Synthetic mixtures of potassium citrate-citric acid, potassium citrate-sodium citrate-citric acid, and sodium citrate-citric acid were prepared and assayed. The method was applied to commercially available preparations. The proposed method eliminates some significant errors of the compendial method, and the accuracy and reproducibility are equal or better than those obtained with the compendial method. Theoretically, the result obtained by the compendial method does not necessarily give the citrate content. PMID- 7252824 TI - Effect of elevated blood glucose levels on hepatic microsomal enzyme system in rats. AB - Elevated blood glucose levels attained by ad libitum drinking of 20% glucose solution inhibited in vivo O-dealkylation associated with the hepatic microsomal enzyme system. Significant inhibition of biotransformation was demonstrated after 1 day, with the maximum occurring at 3 days. Inhibition was followed by a tendency to return to normal activity. Serum levels of substrate and product were determined by liquid chromatographic techniques using 55% acetonitrile and 45% 0.1 M acetic acid as the mobile phase. PMID- 7252825 TI - Simultaneous determination of hydroxyzine hydrochloride and benzyl alcohol in injection solutions by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A stability-indicating, high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of hydroxyzine hydrochloride and benzyl alcohol in injection solutions. Separation was achieved using a mu Bondapak C18 column and the eluent [60% water, 25% acetonitrile, and 15% methanol containing 0.06% (v/v) sulfuric acid, 0.5% (w/v) sodium sulfate, and 0.02% (w/v) heptanesulfonic acid sodium salt] at a flow rate of 2 ml/min. Isobutyrophenone and p-nitroacetophenone were used as internal standards. The UV detector response at 257 nm was linear for hydroxyzine hydrochloride in the 3--10-mg/ml range and for benzyl alcohol in the 0.54--1.8 mg/ml range under analysis conditions. The method is accurate, simple, and precise. PMID- 7252826 TI - Synthesis and vasodepressor screen of a series of 2-(2-alkylaminoalkylamido)-3 carbamyl-4-methyl-5-benzylpyrroles. AB - A series of 2-(2-alkylaminoalkylamido)-3-carbamyl-4-methyl-5-benzylpyrroles was synthesized and screened for vasoactivity. The compounds were administered intraperitoneally as a suspension to approximate the oral route of administration and intravenously when solubilization could be affected with suitable solvents. The most active compound following intravenous or intraperitoneal administration lowered blood pressure 73 and 35.5 mm Hg at doses of 4 mg/kg iv and 100mg/kg ip, respectively. It also exhibited the longest duration of vasodepressor activity (25 min). Several other compounds exhibited vasodepressor activity following intraperitoneal administration. Several hydrochloride salts appeared to be more potent vasoactive agents than the corresponding bases. PMID- 7252827 TI - Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for norethindrone--mestranol in combination tablets. AB - A simple, sensitive, and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure was developed to assay norethindrone--mestranol combination tablets. The method involves a chloroform extraction of a single pulverized tablet. After centrifugation, and aliquot of the supernate was injected into a modular high performance liquid chromatograph. The effluent from the silica column was monitored serially with a fixed-wavelength UV detector (254 nm) for norethindrone quantitation and a fluorescence detector (230 nm for excitation and 280 nm cutoff filter for emission) for mestranol quantitation. Progesterone was used as an internal standard. The method was employed successfully in content uniformity studies of several brands of commercially available tablets. PMID- 7252828 TI - Optical crystallographic properties of drugs of abuse: commonly used amines street drugs. AB - The optical crystallographic properties of the diliturate derivatives of amine drugs found in illicit street drug preparations known as "white crosses," "mini bennies," or "whites" were determined. The crystallographic properties, especially the crystal morphology, extinction angles, and indexes of refraction, identify the drug substances found in the white cross suite. These data can be used with UV and IR spectroscopic and chromatographic evaluations for drug identification. PMID- 7252829 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of phenylpropanolamine in human plasma following derivatization with O-phthalaldehyde. AB - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of phenylpropanolamine in human plasma following extraction, back-extraction, and O-phthalaldehyde derivatization is presented. Using fluorescence detection, the method was sufficiently sensitive to quantitate as little as 5 ng of drug/ml of plasma; the coefficient of variation below 100 ng/ml ranged between 5.7 and 2.8%. Plasma concentration data following a single 25-mg dose of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride in 12 healthy volunteers demonstrate the application of the analytical method. PMID- 7252830 TI - X-ray crystal structure analysis of 14-hydroxycaryophyllene oxide, a new metabolite of (-)-caryophyllene, in rabbits. PMID- 7252831 TI - Relationship between flow rates of granular powders through stationary and moving orifices. PMID- 7252832 TI - Mesophase formation during in vitro cholesterol gallstone dissolution: a specific effect of ursodeoxycholic acid. PMID- 7252833 TI - Effects of acetylcholine mustard analogs on schistosome and vertebrate neuromuscular preparations. AB - Two acetylcholine mustard analogs were synthesized for studies of the structural requirements for drugs having selective neurotoxic effects in schistosomes. Drugs investigated in the present study include methyl- and butyl-2-acetoxyethyl-2' chloroethylamine (MeM and BuM). In worm activity monitor experiments, both MeM and BuM irreversibly paralyzed Schistosoma mansoni after 1-hr exposure followed by 19 hr in drug-free medium. The concentrations required for parasite paralysis were similar to effective concentrations of known antischistosomal drugs. An immediate effect of both compounds was blockage of carbachol-induced paralysis, suggesting that they may bind at schistosome cholinergic sites. Furthermore, fluorescent labeling of schistosomes with dansyl choline was reduced by both compounds. In vertebrate studies, while MeM was a potent agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, BuM had only a slight effect. MeM and BuM had no major irreversible cholinergic effect in vertebrate tissues. BuM, therefore, has distinctly different pharmacological actions in schistosomes and in vertebrates. PMID- 7252834 TI - Cholinergic adaptations to chronic oxotremorine infusion. AB - The development of tolerance to cholinergic agonists such as oxotremorine is a well established phenomenon. The hypothesis that such tolerance may be explained by a decrease in the number of affinity of muscarinic receptors was tested by chronically treating C3H mice with oxotremorine. Chronic treatment was achieved by continuously infusing oxotremorine via an indwelling i.v. catheter. Doses ranged from 0.03 to 1.0 mg/kg/hr. Clear tolerance was observed in that symptoms such as salivation, lacrimation and muscle tremor decreased or disappeared during the infusion period. Similarly, chronically treated animals exhibited minimal hypothermia or impairment of rotarod performance when challenged with an oxotremorine dose which significantly depressed both of these measures in naive animals. The activities of the enzymes, acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase, as well as the binding of [3H]-3-quinuclidinyl benzilate in seven brain regions, were assessed. Chronic oxotremorine treatment failed to alter acetyltransferase activity in any of the brain regions. Choline acetyltransferase activity was only marginally decreased in several brain regions. A significant decrease in maximal [3H]-3-quinudidinyl binding was observed in six of the regions examined. No alteration in [3H]-3-quinuclidinyl affinity was detected. Tolerance to oxotremorine was detected at doses which failed to alter choline acetyltransferase activity or receptor number. These data support the observations of others who noted that chronic muscarinic stimulation results in a decrease in muscarinic receptors, but suggest the importance of mechanisms other than decreased receptor number in early stages of tolerance development. PMID- 7252835 TI - Tissue binding sites involved in quinidine-cardiac glycoside interactions. AB - Quinidine has been shown to alter pharmacokinetics of digoxin by displacing the glycoside from mutual binding sites which are stereospecific with respect to quinidine. Characteristics of the binding site involved in quinidine-digoxin interaction were studied further in guinea pigs and rats. In the anesthetized rat quinidine significantly increased digoxin, but not digitoxin or ouabain, concentration in plasma during an i.v. infusion of a radiolabeled glycoside. In the anesthetized guinea pig, quinidine markedly increased plasma digoxin, but not digoxigenin or dihydrodigoxin, concentrations as estimated from a competitive binding assay using [3H]ouabain and a partially purified Na+, K+-adenosine triphosphatase preparation. Plasma sodium and potassium concentrations were not altered by quinidine either in control or digoxin-treated guinea pigs. In anesthetized guinea pigs, the quinidine concentrations in plasma was 6.4 +/- 1.1 muM after a 260-min fusion of quinidine at a rate of 26 mumol/kg/hr in control animals and 7.9 +/- 1.6 muM in those which were simultaneously infused with digoxin at a rate of 0.2 mumol/kg/hr. Antiarrhythmic agents, lidocaine, DL propranolol or verapamil, did not cause a significant change in plasma digoxin concentration in the anesthetized guinea pigs. These results indicate that the binding site involved in quinidine-digoxin interaction has a strict structural requirement with respect ot the glycoside. Additionally, of the four antiarrhythmic drugs, quinidine appears to be the only agent which interacts with digoxin. PMID- 7252837 TI - Renal elimination of digoxin: studies with tritiated digoxin and radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7252836 TI - Heme enhances hexobarbital metabolism in perfused rat liver after drug-mediated destruction of cytochrome P-450. AB - During mixed-function oxidation of allylisopropylacetamide (AIA), autocatalytic destruction of hepatic cytochrome P-450 leads to retarded elimination of this agent. After AIA-mediated destruction of cytochrome P-450, exogenously administered heme that has entered liver cells is directly incorporated into cytochrome P-450. This raises the hepatic content of this hemoprotein, enhances the activity of mixed-function oxidases and accelerates hepatic clearance of the inactivating agent, AIA. We have studied the metabolic consequences of these phenomena for the disposition of hexobarbital coadministered with AIA in the isolated perfused rat liver. AIA decreased perfusate fractional disappearance of hexobarbital by approximately 80%. This was attributable to destruction of cytochrome P-450 rather than to competitive inhibition of hexobarbital metabolism, since by increasing the molar ratio of hexobarbital to AIA in perfusate, hexobarbital elimination was not enhanced. Heme administered after AIA significantly accelerated hexobarbital disappearance from the perfusate, reflecting increased hexobarbital metabolism by reconstituted cytochrome P-450. In the absence of prior destruction of cytochrome P-450 by AIA, heme failed to alter the rate of hexobarbital elimination. These findings demonstrate that drug mediated destruction of cytochrome P-450 results in impaired hexobarbital metabolism, which is reversible by administration of heme. Heme infusion may be useful in treatment of patients poisoned with drugs that destroy hepatic cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7252838 TI - Vascular smooth muscle contraction induced by direct electrical stimulation and its subsequent effect of reactivity to agonists. PMID- 7252839 TI - Mechanism of electrical stimulation-induced subsensitivity of vascular smooth muscle. AB - Direct electrical stimulation (DES) of the smooth muscle in the wall of rabbit ear artery results in decreased responsiveness to subsequent exposure to norepinephrine, histamine and serotonin, but not potassium. DES had no effect on the transient contraction in ear arteries, to histamine that had been exposed to calcium-free Krebs' solution for 5 min. Calcium added in the continued presence of histamine elicited decreased tonic contractions in directly stimulated tissues. Directly stimulated everted vessels removed from surgically denervated or normal rabbits responded to norepinephrine or histamine with initial transient contractions identical to that of their respective rested everted controls. In contrast, however, the second phase tonic responses were depressed. The subsensitivity was almost completely prevented by DES in the presence of KCI or papaverine. When histamine, norepinephrine or sympathetic nerve stimulation were applied concomitantly with the DES, similar levels of subsensitivity were found. It is hypothesized that prior electrical stimulation may decrease responsiveness by reducing the effectiveness of coupling between the agonist-receptor activation of increased calcium permeability. PMID- 7252840 TI - Pharmacodynamics of subcutaneously administered diacetylmorphine, 6 acetylmorphine and morphine in mice. AB - Diacetylmorphine (DAM) and 6-acetylmorphine (AM) exhibit virtually identical dose response and time-action profiles in studies in antinociceptive, excitatory, antidiarrheal and antidiuretic activity after subcutaneous administration to mice. In antinociceptive (Haffner tail clip, phenylquinone writhing and hot plate) and excitatory (Straub tail) tests, both drugs are 3 to 10 times more potent than morphine (M) and reach their peak effect more rapidly than M. Analysis of these data by graded and quantal methods establishes the comparability of the results obtained, while confirming the greater efficiency of the graded method. The durations of action of DAM and AM are shorter than that of M, yielding significant differences in potency estimates based upon peak vs. total effect. DAM and AM are only twice as potent as M in the suppression of prostaglandin E2-induced diarrhea and in antidiuretic activity. These pharmacodynamic studies, along with prior dispositional studies, suggest that the ability of DAM and AM to rapidly cross the blood-brain barrier determines their potency and time-action differences from M in centrally mediated bioassays. In contrast, DAM and AM are only slightly more potent than M in th antidiarrheal and antidiuretic test. These studies support the concept that the pharmacological effects of DAM are mediated principally by metabolically formed AM. PMID- 7252841 TI - Evidence for 5-HT2 receptors mediating contraction in vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 7252842 TI - Evidence for muscarinic receptors on rat colonic epithelial cells: binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate. AB - Physiological evidence suggests that muscarinic receptors mediate the secretory response of the intestinal mucosa of cholinergic agonists, but the question of whether muscarinic receptors are intrinsic to intestinal epithelial cells has remained unanswered. We therefore studied binding of the muscarinic ligand [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate to isolated rat colonic epithelial cells. Specific binding in the membrane preparation reached equilibrium in 30 min at 37 degrees C, was linear with tissue protein concentration and was saturable. Estimates of the apparent equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) equalling 0.11 +/- 0.03 nM and of maximum receptor density (Bmax) equalling 103.6 +/- 9.0 fmol/mg of protein were determined from Scatchard plots of the binding data. The Hill coefficient for binding was 0.93 +/- 0.04. From kinetic analysis of data, association and dissociation rate constants of 8.6 X 10(7) M-1 min-1 and 6.0 X 10(-3) min-1, respectively, were calculated. Inhibition of specific binding was stereoselective and pharmacologically specific for muscarinic agents. Specific binding, vasoactive intestinal peptide-stimulated adenylate cyclase and Na+-K+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activities were highest in a mitochondrial-free fraction of rat colonocytes. Specific binding was lowest in the nuclear fraction, followed by the total particulate and mitochondrial fractions. The regional distribution of specific binding along the length of the intestine was also studied. Scatchard analysis revealed one specific binding site, with the same KD in the jejunum, ileum and colon. The receptor density was the same in the jejunum and ileum, but about 5-fold higher for the existence of muscarinic receptors on intestinal epithelial cells and suggest that the effects of muscarinic drugs on intestinal epithelial cell function are mediated by interaction with these receptors. PMID- 7252843 TI - Antihypertensive and hemodynamic actions of SCH 19927, the R,R-isomer and labetalol. AB - SCH 19927, one of the four chiral forms of labetalol, is approximately 4 times as potent as a beta adrenergic receptor blocker as the parent racemate, but is only one-third as potent in blocking alpha receptors. The present report describes its antihypertensive and hemodynamic actions. SCH 19927 and labetalol lowered blood pressure in hypertensive rats and dogs. SCH 19927 was somewhat more effective at lower doses, but the two agents produced comparable responses at higher doses. Both reduced blood pressure and peripheral resistance and increased cardiac output in anesthetized dogs. Intraarterial injection in to the femoral vascular bed, either in the presence or absence of neurogenic vasoconstrictor tone, resulted in dose-related vasodilatation. In contrast, alpha blockers, e.g., phentolamine and prazosin, are essentially devoid of vasodilator activity in denervated beds. It is concluded that vasodilatation is largely responsible for the antihypertensive response to labetalol and particularly to SCH 19927. SCH 19927 is a potentially useful agent which would be expected to reduce pressure in humans by two complementary mechanisms, beta blockade and vasodilatation. It should possess less orthostatic potential than labetalol. PMID- 7252844 TI - Transport of benzylpenicillin in gastrointestinal epithelia of the rat in vitro. AB - A steady-state net absorptive movement of benzylpenicillin across rat small intestine was observed in the absence of transmural gradients of electrochemical potential. The transport process was dependent on tissue metabolism and the presence of sodium, but no evidence of a saturable rate-limiting step was observed. Voltage-clamp studies showed that the transintestinal movement of benzylpenicillin varied with the electric potential across the tissue. It was found that a mathematical model based on a series three-compartment system yielded a good quantitative description of benzylpenicillin transport in the short-circuited condition and of the voltage-dependence of the transport process. A net absorptive movement of benzylpenicillin was also observed in studies on rat stomach in vitro, but on the colon a net secretory movement occurred. It was suggested that the gastric and colonic transport processes may be described in terms similar to those of the small intestine and that the variations of the direction of transport reflect differences in the pattern of acid-base metabolism in tissue. PMID- 7252845 TI - The mechanism of inhibitory action of diltiazem on vascular smooth muscle contractility. AB - The mechanism of diltiazem-induced inhibition of smooth muscle contractility was investigated by studying its effects on tension development and Ca++ fluxes in the rabbit aorta. Diltiazem caused a dose-dependent inhibiton of contractions as well as Ca++ influx stimulated by alpha adrenoceptor activation and high-K+ depolarization. Diltiazem was roughly equally potent in inhibiting contractions induced by high-K+ and a low concentration of norepinephrine (NE; 10(-8) M). The contractions induced by high concentrations (10(-6)-10(-5) M) of NE were more resistant to diltiazem inhibition. It was also observed that there was a close relationship between diltiazem inhibition of Ca++ influx and inhibition of contraction when either 40 mM K+ or 10(-8) M NE was applied, but not when 10(-6) M NE was used. Also, diltiazem produced a noncompetitive inhibition of Ca++ induced contractions of depolarized rabbit aorta. Furthermore, there was a lack of parallelism between the smooth muscle effects of removal of [Ca++]ex and of addition of diltiazem. It is suggested that diltiazem causes inhibition of stimulated Ca++ influx by interacting with the Ca++ pathway involved in excitation rather than competing with Ca++ for the entry. PMID- 7252846 TI - Renal function during consciousness and anesthesia in sheep: effects of renal vasodilation by papaverine and acetylcholine. AB - Adult ewes were studied to determine the effects of barbiturate anesthesia on renal function and the natriuretic response to renal vasodilation by papaverine and acetylcholine. During a period of consciousness, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, urinary Na excretion (UNaV) and arterial blood pressure were monitored. Renal blood flow was maximally increased by renal arterial infusion of papaverine or acetylcholine and changes in renal function were observed. The sheep were subsequently anesthetized and the experimental protocol was repeated. Barbiturate anesthesia resulted in statistically significant increases in glomerular filtration rate, UNaV and blood pressure. Calculated fractional Na excretion also increased significantly. During consciousness, maximal renal vasodilation by papaverine or acetylcholine did not increase UNaV or fractional Na excretion. During anesthesia, both papaverine and acetylcholine produced large increases in both UNaV and fractional Na excretion. These data indicate that renal vasodilation per se is not a sufficient condition to increase UNaV and suggest that barbiturate anesthetics can alter renal function in such a manner as to render drugs, which are not natriuretic during consciousness, effective natriuretic agents during anesthesia. PMID- 7252847 TI - Failure of antiarrhythmic drugs to affect epicardial delay during acute experimental coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion: correlation with lack of antiarrhythmic efficacy. AB - Five antiarrhythmic drug protocols were studied to evaluate their efficacy in reducing the incidence of coronary artery ligation and/or reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias and to determine whether their antiarrhythmic activity correlated with their effect on epicardial delay. Protocols were as follows: I) preligation lidocaine (N = 19); II) preligation amiodarone (N = 18); III) preligation procainamide (N = 19); IV) prereperfusion lidocaine (N = 19); V) prereperfusion verapamil (N = 18); and control (no drug, N = 61). A total of 50 (82%) of the 61 control animals developed ventricular arrhythmias during coronary artery ligation and 29 (68%) of the 53 control dogs that survived until reperfusion developed ventricular arrhythmias upon reperfusion. None of these treatment protocols had a significant effect in reducing the incidence of either ventricular arrhythmias or ventricular fibrillation during coronary artery ligation or reperfusion compared with the control animals (P greater than .05). Correspondingly, the mean maximal epicardial delay during coronary artery ligation was also unchanged by each of these drug treatment protocols compared with the control group. Similarly, none of these treatment protocols demonstrated significant effect in preventing reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias or a consistent effect on the degree of mean maximal epicardial delay during reperfusion. Although the lack of antiarrhythmic efficacy of these agents precludes further speculation, further study is warranted to determine whether changes in epicardial delay can be used as markers for antiarrhythmic activity. PMID- 7252848 TI - Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the hypoxic rat heart. AB - The influence of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs indomethacin (10 microgram/ml), mefenamic acid (10 ng/ml) and acetylsalicylic acid (50 microgram/ml) were investigated for their effects on hypoxically perfused rat hearts. Hypoxia-induced mechanical cardiodepression was attenuated to varying degrees by most drugs, although only mefenamic acid reduced the degree of bradycardia. All the agents reduced in some measure the rise in resting tension produced by hypoxic perfusion and enhanced the functional activity of the myocardium upon reoxygenation of hearts made hypoxic for 10 min only. The degree of contracture after reoxygenation was substantially attenuated by all three drugs. Although coronary flow decreased dramatically during prolonged hypoxia, this phenomenon was significantly prevented by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Cellular Na content of hypoxic hearts treated with mefenamic acid was elevated, whereas no other significant electrolyte changes were observed. The presence of mefenamic acid results in a reduced extracellular space size, whereas cellular water content was increased by both mefenamic acid and acetylsalicylic acid. Calcium transport of isolated mitochondria from hypoxically or normoxically perfused hearts was not modified by any treatment. Indomethacin, acetylsalicylic acid and mefenamic acid all significantly inhibited prostaglandin release from the heart. These results suggest that various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may offer some protective influence on hypoxic rat hearts particularly with respect to coronary artery patency during hypoxic perfusion. PMID- 7252849 TI - Antagonism of the cardiovascular and respiratory depressant effects of morphine in the conscious rabbit by physostigmine. AB - The influence of physostigmine was studied on the effect of morphine on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in conscious rabbits. Morphine (4 mg/kg i.v.) caused analgesia, bradycardia, hypotension and respiratory depression, as indicated by a fall in respiratory rate of 50%, a rise in blood PaCO2 from 25.1 to 37.2 mm Hg and a fall in pH from 7.40 to 7.24. These effects lasted 2 to 3 hr and were completely antagonized by naloxone. Physostigmine (2.5 or 5 microgram/kg/min) given by constant i.v. infusion did not significantly alter blood pressure or heart rate, but decreased blood PaCO2 from 25.1 to 19 mm Hg and increased pH from 7.40 to 7.46. Pretreatment of rabbits with physostigmine (5 microgram/kg/min) completely prevented both the fall in blood pressure and blood pH and the rise in PaCO2 induced by morphine (4 mg/kg) and also significantly reduced both the intensity and duration of bradycardia. Analgesics activity of morphine remained unimpaired by physostigmine. Neostigmine (2.5 microgram/kg/min) potentiated the bradycardia induced by morphine and did not antagonize its hypotensive and respiratory depressant effects. The results support the hypothesis that the respiratory and cardiovascular depressant effects of morphine, but not the analgesia, results from an inhibition of acetylcholine release from neurons in the central nervous system. PMID- 7252850 TI - Self-induction by erythromycin of its own transformation into a metabolite forming an inactive complex with reduced cytochrome P-450. AB - Erythromycin, 0.3 mM, elicited a small reverse type I binding spectrum with, and was slowly demethylated by, cytochrome P-450 from control rats. No absorption peak at 456 nm could be detected upon incubation of 0.3 mM erythromycin with NADPH and control microsomes. No complex formed in vivo could be detected in microsomes isolated 2 hr after a single dose of erythromycin, 2 mmol.kg-1 p.o. Repeated administration of erythromycin, 2 mmol.kg-1 p.o. daily for 4 days increased hepatic microsomal protein concentration, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity, the amplitude of the reverse type I binding spectrum of erythromycin and erythromycin demethylase activity. Microsomes isolated from rats treated with repeated doses of erythromycin exhibited a marked absorption peak at 456 nm. The absorption at 456 nm was further increased upon incubation with erythromycin and NADPH. It disappeared upon addition of 50 muM potassium ferricyanide. Disruption of the complex with potassium ferricyanide markedly increased the CO-binding capacity of dithionite-reduced microsomes. It further increased the amplitude of the reverse type I binding spectrum of erythromycin and erythromycin demethylase activity and increased ethylmorphine N-demethylase and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities. It is concluded that erythromycin induces its own transformation into a metabolite which forms a inactive 456-nm absorbing complex with the iron (II) of cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7252851 TI - Blood pressure lowering effects of N,N-di-n-propyl-dopamine in rats: evidence for stimulation of peripheral dopamine receptors leading to inhibition of sympathetic vascular tone. AB - In conscious or pentobarbital-anesthetized hypertensive or normotensive rats, N,N di-n-propyl-dopamine (DPDA) produced sustained decreases in mean systemic arterial blood pressure. In anesthetized normotensive animals, these responses were not significantly changed by vagotomy, desipramine, indomethacin, methylatropine, promethazine or propranolol, were markedly reduced by phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine, were entirely blocked by domperidone, haloperidol or sulpiride and were reverted to an alpha adrenoceptor-mediated pressor response after removal of central sympathetic tone. In phenoxybenzamine pretreated pithed rats in which the blood pressure was elevated to prepithing levels with vasopressin, DPDA, in contrast to dopamine, produced no hypotensive effect. In the pithed rat, DPDA reduced the pressor responses elicited by electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and this effect was inhibited by haloperidol or sulpiride. DPDA slightly enhanced the pressor effects of norepinephrine but modified neither the blood pressure increases produced by epinephrine, phenylephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine or angiotension II nor the vasodepressor effects of acetylcholine, histamine or salbutamol. Intracerebroventricular administration of DPDA produced blood pressure decreases which were slightly smaller in magnitude but longer in duration than those elicited by i.v. DPDA. However, DPDA leaked from the cerebroventricular space into the peripheral circulation. These results indicate that in the rat DPDA lowers blood pressure via activation of peripheral dopamine receptors possibly located presynaptically on vascular sympathetic neurons. The stimulation of these receptors induces a decrease in norepinephrine release which in turn is followed by a passive relaxation of the vascular beds under active sympathetic constriction. PMID- 7252852 TI - The effect of lesions in the dorsal, median and magnus raphe nuclei on the development of tolerance to ethanol. AB - Electrolytic lesions were made in the median, the dorsal, the dorsal + median or magnus raphe nuclei of rats. Sham-control animals were also prepared through the same procedure with the exception that no current was delivered. After 1 week of recovery from surgery, a dose-response curve to the hypothermic and motor impairment effects (moving belt test) was carried out to assess the initial response to ethanol. The maximal fall in temperature and maximum motor impairment were used to quantify the ethanol effects. Two days after the dose-response study, hypothermia and motor impairment were again determined in all animals after a test dose of ethanol. The animals in each main treatment group were than divided into two subgroups matched on the basis of their maximum hypothermic or motor impairment response. The subgroups received daily treatment with either ethanol (5 g/kg p.o.) or calorically equivalent amounts of sucrose. Tolerance to the ethanol-induced hypothermia or motor impairment was assessed at intervals of 5 days for 25 days. Lesions of the dorsal and magnus raphe nuclei produced a negligible effect on the development of ethanol tolerance. Lesions of the median raphe nucleus delayed the development of tolerance. Combined lesions of the median + dorsal raphe nuclei did not significantly increase the effect produced by the lesions of the median raphe nuclei alone. Biochemical analysis confirmed the differential depletion of 5-hydroxytryptamine by the various lesions. These results indicate that the 5-hydroxytryptamine pathway from the median raphe nucleus to the dorsal hippocampus is important in the development of tolerance to ethanol. PMID- 7252853 TI - Effects of phenylbutazone on extravascular diffusion, protein binding and urinary excretion of cefazolin in rabbits. AB - The effects of an anti-inflammatory drug, phenylbutazone, on the disposition of a commonly used cephalosporin, cefazolin, were studied in rabbits. The following investigations were made: mathematical analysis of blood levels obtained after i.v bolous injection of cefazolin, alone or combined with phenylbutazone (10 mg/kg), injection 4 hr before; protein binding by ultracentrifugation in vitro; and renal excretion and distribution in extravascular fluid obtained from s.c. tissue cages in vivo. Single i.m. injections of cefazolin (30 mg/kg) were administered either alone or in combination with phenylbutazone (10 or 100 mg/kg i.m.) or 2 or 4 hr before. The mathematical analysis disclosed a competition of phenylbutazone on protein binding of cefazolin. In vitro, phenylbutazone reduced the extent of protein binding of the antibiotic (74-80 to 47-59%). Cefazolin appeared at higher concentrations in extravascular fluid in the presence of phenylbutazone than when administered alone. Phenylbutazone appeared to be responsible for a dose-dependent effect on renal excretion of cefazolin i.e., a reduction of secretion at low doses (10 mg/kg) and a possible reduction of tubular reabsorption at high doses (100 mg/kg). A bidirectional transport of cefazolin in rabbit tubules was thus shown. The interaction of phenylbutazone on the on the disposition of cefazolin appeared also dependent on the time of injection of the former and on the mode of administration of the antibiotic. PMID- 7252854 TI - Action potential, membrane currents and force of contraction in cat ventricular heart muscle treated with papaverine. AB - The effects of papaverine on force of contraction, action potential configuration and membrane currents were studied in ventricular heart muscle from cats. The force of contraction was variably affected by different concentrations of papaverine. At 2 X 10(-5) M papaverine, the following results were obtained. The action potential duration was prolonged at all voltage levels. The steady-state outward current and the outward tail currents after 800 msec-depolarizing voltage clamp steps were reduced. The slow inward current was slightly enhanced or reduced. Both the slow inward current and the force of contraction were greatly increased in the presence of both papaverine and isoprenaline (3 X 10(-9) M); isoprenaline (3 X 10(-9) M) alone had no significant effects either on the slow inward current or on the force of contraction. It is concluded that the predominant membrane effect of papaverine on the heart is to reduce the potassium conductance. The inhibition of papaverine on the phosphodiesterase activity does not change considerably either the slow inward current or the force of contraction. An adrenergic stimulus, however, is greatly increased in the presence of papaverine. PMID- 7252855 TI - The role of benzoylmethylecgonine in cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity. PMID- 7252856 TI - Operating VDUS: work organisation and subjective effects on operator health and psychology. PMID- 7252857 TI - A whole-body calorimeter for long-term measurements in man. PMID- 7252858 TI - Bile acid metabolism in fetal sheep; perinatal changes in the bile acid pool. AB - 1. A chronic fetal bile fistula model was developed in sheep which allowed observations on fetal bile for periods of up to 10 days. A comparison of fetal, lamb and adult bile acids was made in bile fistula animals. 2. Bile was analysed by thin layer chromatography, gas liquid chromatography, and high pressure liquid chromatography. Fetal bile contained a much greater proportion of chenodeoxycholic acid (42.0 +/- 1. S.E. of mean 3.0% of total bile acids by high pressure liquid chromatography) than lamb bile (8.1 +/- 1.9%) or adult bile (5.4 +/- 0.6%). The corresponding figures for cholic acid were fetal: 45.8 +/- 2.9%, lamb: 89.1 +/- 2.9%, and adult: 75.2 +/- 2.6%. Deoxycholic acid, a secondary bile acid, was present in fetal bile (12.2 +/- 4.9%). In the lamb, deoxycholic acid comprised only 2.8 +/- 1.1% of total bile acids, compared with 19.3 +/- 2.9% in adult sheep. Taurine conjugates predominated in sheep bile, but this predominance was least marked in lamb bile. 3. The fetal bile acid pool (101 +/- 13 mu mole/kg) was significantly smaller than the neonatal pool (214 +/- 26 mu mole/kg, P < 0.01). This increase in pool size, together with the increased proportion of cholic acid, suggests a rapid rise in cholic acid synthesis soon after birth. 4. Bile acid synthetic rates were estimated from bile acid secretion rates at the nadir of the washout curves. The values obtained were 0.71 +/- 0.18 mu mole/kg.hour (adult), 0.47 +/- 0.16 mu mole/kg.hour (lamb), and 0.35 +/- 0.08 mu mole.hour (fetus). 5. In the fetus and in pregnant adult sheep, the normal increase in bile acid synthesis in response to depletion of the bile acid pool was much less marked. 6. In the fetus, biliary secretion of cholesterol and phospholipid ran parallel with bile acid secretion. Bile lipid composition was similar to that in the adult. 7. Fetal bile water production was higher, relative to bile acid secretion, than lamb or adult bile water secretion. PMID- 7252859 TI - Peripheral neural representation of the spatial frequency of a grating moving across the monkey's finger pad. AB - 1. Responses in mechanoreceptive afferent fibres innervating the monkey's finger pads were examined when a ridged surface ("grating') was moved across the fibre's receptive field with a specified velocity and applied force. 2. The stimulus feature represented in single fibre responses was the temporal frequency of the moving grating (stimulus temporal frequency = velocity of moving surface/spatial period); information about the spatial period of the grating was represented equivocally. 3. Peripheral neural representation of the grating's spatial period (or spatial frequency) depended on information signalled by the responding fibre population rather than by individual fibres. 4. The three mechanoreceptive fibre populations responded differentially to a grating moving across the finger pad. Slowly adapting fibres coded best those stimulus combinations with a stimulus temporal frequency in the range 20-60 Hz, rapidly adapting fibres coded best those with frequencies of 60-200 Hz, and Pacinian fibres best defined those stimuli with a high temporal frequency (100-300 Hz). 5. Applying the moving grating to the skin with varying radial forces in the range 20-60 g wt. did not greatly modify the pattern of discharge in the responding fibre populations. PMID- 7252860 TI - Comparative study of the smooth muscle layers of the rabbit duodenum. AB - 1. Intracellular electrodes were used to compare the electrical activity of smooth muscle cells from the longitudinal and circular layers of the rabbit duodenum and their responses to stimulation of the intramural nerves. 2. The longitudinal muscle cells had an average membrane potential of 52 mV when measured between slow waves. Spontaneous action potentials were superimposed on every slow wave. 3. The circular muscle cells had a higher membrane potential of 64 mV although the amplitude of the slow waves was similar to that of the longitudinal muscle cells. Spontaneous action potentials were rarely observed in the circular muscle cells. 4. Lowering the temperature from 36 to 30 degrees C caused a reduction in the membrane potential of the longitudinal muscle cells but not in the circular muscle cells. However, the amplitude of the slow waves of the two layers was reduced to a similar extent. 5. Electrical stimulation produced advances of the slow wave cycles if the stimuli were applied between slow waves. The responses of the cells from the two layers were identical. 6. Under normal conditions, electrotonic coupling was observed only in cells of the muscle layer whose long axis was aligned along the direction of the applied current. 7. In the longitudinal muscle, cholinergic responses blocked by atropine were observed. Inhibitory potentials were the predominant response in the circular muscle. 8. Excitatory responses were recorded in 9% of the circular muscle cells. "Off' excitation following termination of a train of repetitive stimulation pulses was also observed. 9. The differences in membrane potentials, spontaneous spiking activities, neural responses, and the failure to demonstrate good electrotonic coupling between the muscle layers suggest that there was poor electrotonic interaction between the muscle layers. The amplitude of the slow waves of the two layers was nevertheless similar. Thus the validity of the hypothesis that slow waves were transmitted passively from the longitudinal layer into the circular layer through electrotonic coupling must be questioned. PMID- 7252861 TI - Peripheral neural representation of spatial dimensions of a textured surface moving across the monkey's finger pad. AB - 1. The responses of single cutaneous mechanoreceptive fibres evoked by a geometrically patterned surface sweeping across the skin were examined. The surfaces used were each a fine diamond-shaped array of "dots' in relief against a flat background. The fibres examined were rapidly adapting, slowly adapting and Pacinian fibres innervating the monkey's finger pad skin. 2. Each fibre's response to the two-dimensioned surface was assessed using a procedure in which the surface was swept across the fibre's receptive field many times, the position of the surface relative to the underlying receptive field being precisely known at any instant in time. Between each successive sweep the stimulus surface was shifted lateral to the direction of movement by a small increment. The response pattern generated by this scanning procedure specified the extent to which a single response of the fibre was dependent on the spatial and temporal dimensions of the stimulus. 3. The invariant spatial features of the moving surface were represented only in the responses of populations of fibres; responses of the constituent fibres always confounded the information relayed about the surface pattern and its rate of movement across the skin. 4. Factors determining the representation of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the moving surface in the responding mechanoreceptive fibre population were examined. These included the response characteristics of the constituent fibres, the innervation density, and the total number of fibres engaged by the moving surface. PMID- 7252862 TI - Innervation density of mechanoreceptive fibres supplying glabrous skin of the monkey's index finger. AB - 1. The innervation densities of mechanoreceptive fibres supplying the ridged glabrous skin of the middle and terminal phalanges of the monkey's (Macaca nemestrina) index finger were estimated using a combination of histological and neurophysiological procedures. 2. This estimate was based on (a) a count of the total number of A beta myelinated fibres in the palmar digital nerve at the level of the proximal phalanx, (b) the demonstration that the majority of A beta fibres in the monkey's palmar digital nerve are mechanoreceptive afferents, (c) the estimation, based on a sample of 398 fibres, of the fractions of rapidly adapting, slowly adapting and Pacinian mechanoreceptive fibres in the palmar digital nerve, and (d) the estimation of the area of glabrous skin innervated by the palmar digital nerve. 3. The estimated innervation density of the finger pad and the skin of the middle phalanx were: rapidly adapting fibres, 178 and 80/cm2; slowly adapting fibres, 134 and 46/cm2; and Pacinian fibres, 13/cm2 for both phalanges. PMID- 7252863 TI - Reaction of synapses on motoneurones to section and restoration of peripheral sensory connexions in the cat. AB - 1. Monosynaptic excitatory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s.) were recorded from triceps surae motoneurones of the cat 2-8 months after section of the medial gastrocnemius nerve whose regeneration into the muscle was prevented. In other animals, the cut nerve was reunited to the muscle with a post-denervation delay varying from 2 to 6 months, and the e.p.s.p.s were recorded 2 months later. The e.p.s.p.s were evoked by stimulation of the medial gastrocnemius nerve central to the site of the section or reunion. 2. The mean amplitudes of the e.p.s.p.s decreased with time after nerve section, virtually disappearing by the eighth post-operative month. The decrement of the e.p.s.p. amplitude occurred more quickly in soleus motoneurones than in medial or lateral gastrocnemius motoneurones. 3. The e.p.s.p.s evoked in medial or lateral gastrocnemius motoneurones from the cut medial gastrocnemius nerve returned to normal levels 2 months after reunion of the cut nerve even following a post-denervation delay of 6 months. However, in soleus motoneurones the e.p.s.p. recovery was incomplete. 4. The degree of functional motor reinnervation of the medial gastrocnemius muscle depended upon the post-denervation delay preceding the reunion operation. With a delay of 6 months before the reunion, the muscle showed no or only weak contractions in response to nerve stimulation. 5. Axotomized medial gastrocnemius motoneurones showed a significant decrease in conduction velocity and significant increase in the amplitude of overshoot of action potentials. The changes persisted even when the cut nerve was reunited to the muscle 2-6 months after denervation. 6. When the cut medial gastrocnemius nerve was reunited to the muscle 4 months after denervation, most of the sensory fibres, tested 2 months later, failed to respond to muscle stretch. 7. It is concluded that recovery of monosynaptic e.p.s.p.s following reconnexion of the cut nerve with its muscle does not require recovery of muscle activity, full restoration of sensory activity or the recovery of normal motoneurone properties. 8. It is also suggested that the degree to which central synaptic efficacy declines and recovers following section and regeneration of a peripheral nerve depends partly upon the type of motoneurone (fast phasic or slow tonic) with which the sensory fibres form synaptic connexions. PMID- 7252864 TI - Electrical responses and photopigments of twin cones in the retina of the walleye. AB - 1. The properties of twin and single cones in the retina of the walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) were studied by intracellular recording, dye injection and microspectrophotometry. 2. Twin cones generate hyperpolarizing responses to central illumination, can receive depolarizing influences (feed back) from the receptive field surround, and show no detectable dye coupling when injected with Procion yellow. In seventeen of eighteen dye-injected cones, fluorescence was intense in the inner segment and undetectable or weak in the cone pedicle. 3. Both members of the twin cone contain the same photopigment in their outer segments. It absorbs maximally at about 605 nm. 4. A 533 nm green sensitive photopigment was found in single cones. No blue-sensitive cones have been found. 5. With the exception of a modest discrepancy in the violet, the absorptance spectrum of the 605 nm photopigment of twin cones agrees closely with the action spectrum measured by intracellular recording. 6. The spectral properties established by the twin cone's photopigment are not detectably altered by the hyperpolarizing influences arising from nearby cones or by the depolarizing influences arising from the receptive field surround. 7. The twin cones of the walleye retina are thus "identical twins', both photochemically and physiologically, and seem designed to function as long-wave, spectrally univariant receptor units for colour vision. 8. The available evidence suggests that identical twin cones differ functionally from double cones and non-identical twin cones. 9. Although they outnumber single cones by about three to one in adults, identifiable twin cones were rarely observed in the cone population of retinas examined 3-5 days after birth. If walleye twin cones develop by fusion of single cones this process apparently occurs only for cones containing the 605 nm photopigment. PMID- 7252865 TI - Some effects of aliphatic hydrocarbons on the electrical capacity and ionic currents of the squid giant axon membrane. AB - 1. The electrical properties of squid giant axons were examined by means of admittance bridges at frequencies from 0.5 to 300 kHz. A simple equivalent circuit was used to estimate the membrane capacity. 2. The calculated membrane capacities decreased monotonically over the whole frequency range. 3. At 100 kHz and higher frequencies the membrane capacity was independent of potential. 4. At frequencies greater than 20 kHz, exposure of the axons to saturated or 0.9 saturated solutions of n-pentane (275-306 micrometer) reduced the capacity per unit area by 0.1-0.15 micro F cm-2. 5. At 1 kHz the effect of the saturated pentane solutions depended on the membrane potential. In axons having potentials between -60 and zero mV the pentane solutions lowered the capacity, whereas for potentials between -160 and -60 mV they produced little or no change. 6. Saturated solutions of n-hexane, n-heptane and n-octane exhibited qualitatively similar, but quantitatively smaller influences on the membrane capacity, the changes declining as the chain length increased. 7. Under voltage clamp, the peak inward and steady-state outward currents were partially suppressed by the hydrocarbons. Saturated solutions of n-pentane usually reduced the former (reversibly) by 60-80% and the latter by 20-40%. Solutions of n-hexane, n-heptane and n-octane appeared to have successively less effect. Except in deteriorating axons, none of the hydrocarbons produced any consistent changes in the passive membrane resistance, the resting potential or in the reversal potential of the transient inward current. 8. Both the changes in the clamp currents and in the membrane capacity were largely, though not usually completely, reversible. In the hydrocarbon solution the axons deteriorated more rapidly than normal. 9. The responses of axons of Doryteuthis plei to the hydrocarbons were very similar to those of Loligo forbesi with the exception that for the former all observed changes were some five times faster. 10. The time courses of the peak inward and steady-state outward currents on exposure of the axons to n-pentane resembled the time course of the change in membrane capacity at 100 kHz. 11. The simplest interpretation of the high frequency capacity results is suggested to be that, as for lipid bilayers, the membranes become thicker through adsorption of the hydrocarbon. PMID- 7252868 TI - Asymmetry of hexose transfer system in erythrocytes of fetal and new-born guinea pigs. AB - 1. The asymmetries of affinities of two non-transportable competitive inhibitors of hexose transfer across fetal and new-born guinea-pig erythrocytes have been studied. 2. At 16 degrees C 4,6-O-ethylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranose (ethylidene glucose) inhibited 3-O-methyl glucose exchange at 20 mM with a K1 oc ca. 52 mM when present inside the cells and with a K1 oc ca. 10 mM when outside. This fivefold asymmetry is qualitatively similar to but smaller than the tenfold asymmetry of human erythrocytes (Baker, Basketter & Widdas, 1978). 3. Methyl-2,3 di-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (trimethyl glucoside) had K1 values of ca. 120 mM and ca. 160mM for inside and outside inhibition respectively. This is also qualitatively similar to the inhibition in human erythrocytes. 4. The inhibition produced by phlorizin, phloretin and Cytochalasin B was also studied in the erythrocytes of new-born guinea-pigs. The results were qualitatively similar to those for human erythrocytes but the inhibitory affinities were different. Thus while phlorizin and phloretin had higher affinities for the inhibition of exchange in new-born guinea-pig cells than human cells, the affinity of Cytochalasin B was less for new-born guinea-pig cells than for human cells. 5. It is concluded that the hexose transfer system in fetal and new-born guinea-pig red cells has asymmetric affinities similar to the system in human red cells but with different values of the inhibitory constants. The differences may represent species variations in a structural protein serving identical functions in the two species. 6. The possibility that fetal red cells with their facilitated transfer system play a role in sugar transport is discussed. PMID- 7252866 TI - Physiological role of endogenous amines in the modulation of ventricular automaticity in the guinea-pig. AB - 1. Current-clamp experiments were carried out with guinea-pig papillary muscles to determine the dependence of depolarization-induced automaticity on endogenous catecholamines. 2. Catecholamine depletion was produced by pre-treatment of animals with 6-hydroxydopamine and confirmed by fluorimetric assay of right ventricular tissue. Papillary muscles from depleted animals demonstrated a marked suppression of depolarization-induced automaticity for maximum diastolic potentials less negative than -55 mV. This suppression was completely reversed by noradrenaline but not by tyramine. 3. In normal tissue, noradrenaline and tyramine had much smaller effects on automaticity arising from maximum diastolic potentials negative to -55 mV than on repetitive activity arising positive to this level. 4. L-propranolol in concentrations of 2-3 x 10(-7) M reduced repetitive activity in the less negative range of maximum diastolic potential. No evidence of direct membrane depression was observed at these doses and the effect was reversed by application of noradrenaline. 5. D-propranolol, the isomer with much lower beta-receptor blocking potency, required twentyfold higher concentrations to depress automaticity and this was accompanied by evidence of direct membrane depression, i.e. reduction of upstroke velocity of action potentials. 6. These results show that automaticity induced in guinea-pig papillary muscles by depolarization positive to -55 mV is strongly dependent upon endogenous catecholamines. 7. The hypothesis that endogenous catecholamines facilitate depolarization-induced automaticity through an increase in calcium conductance was modelled using numerical techniques. It was found that changes in calcium conductance caused changes in the model which closely parallelled the experimental effects of catecholamine depletion and beta-blockade. The effects of changes in delayed rectification in the model did not accurately reproduce the experimental results. PMID- 7252867 TI - Behaviour of the rod network in the tiger salamander retina mediated by membrane properties of individual rods. AB - 1. The spread of electrical signals between rods in the salamander retina was examined by passing current into one rod and recording the voltage responses in nearby rods. Rod network behaviour, measured in this way, was simulated from data on rod membrane properties gathered in voltage-clamp experiments on single isolated rods.2. The network voltage responses to square current pulses became smaller, more transient, and had a longer time-to-peak, for rods further away from the site of current injection. Depolarizing currents produced smaller responses than hyperpolarizing currents of the same magnitude.3. Neighbouring rods and cones were coupled less strongly than neighbouring rods.4. The response of the rod network to current injection was unaffected by 2 mm-aspartate(-), which eliminates transmission from receptors to horizontal cells.5. The input resistance of single isolated rods, measured at the resting potential, varied between 100 and 680 MOmega. The lower values were probably due to damage by the micro-electrodes. Electrical coupling was found to be very strong between the rod inner and outer segments.6. A strong ;instantaneous' outward rectification seen in isolated rods at potentials positive to -35 mV was reduced, but not abolished, by 15 mm-TEA.7. In normal solution, isolated rods exhibited a voltage- and time dependent current, I(A), whose kinetics were approximated by a single first-order gating variable, and whose activation curve spanned the range between -40 and -80 mV. The time constant for the current varied with voltage and was 60-200 msec between -140 and -40 mV.8. A reversal potential for I(A) could not be found between -140 and -40 mV in normal solution, and the fully activated current, I(A), was approximately voltage-independent, with a magnitude of approximately 0.1 nA over this potential range.9. By several criteria, I(A) behaved as a single inward current activated by hyperpolarization. Pharmacological studies suggest, however, that it is the sum of at least two currents with very similar kinetics.10. Most isolated rods exhibited a very slow (tau approximately 3 sec) increase in net outward current on depolarizing beyond -35 mV. The magnitude of this current varied considerably between cells.11. Assuming that the rod network can be approximated by a square lattice of individual rods, resistively coupled together, the voltage-clamp data on isolated rods were used to predict the response of the network to current injection at one cell. The theoretical and observed network behaviour were in good agreement. The resistance coupling neighbouring rods was estimated to be approximately 300 MOmega. The current I(A) plays a major role in determining the behaviour of the rod network.12. The time dependent current, I(A), is responsible for the peak-plateau wave form of the response to a bright flash. A current similar to I(A) could also account for the negative propagation velocity of the peak of the dim flash response, through the rod network of the turtle, observed by Detwiler, Hodgkin & McNaughton (1978). PMID- 7252869 TI - The effect of lithium on electrolyte transport by the in situ choroid plexus of the cat. AB - 1. The effects of lithium on electrolyte transport were studied by using the cat choroid plexus isolated in a chamber in situ. 2. Lithium infused intravenously to produce plasma lithium concentrations up to 5 m-equiv/l. caused an increase in plasma magnesium with no effect on the concentration of magnesium in the chamber fluid. 3. When 22NaCl was infused intravenously the chamber fluid/plasma ratio of 22Na was nearly 1 in the first 30 min sample and at the steady state it was significantly greater than 1. 4. When lithium chloride (1.5 m-equiv/l.) or potassium chloride (6.6 m-equiv/l.) was added to the chamber at the start of a collection period with plasma 22Na in the steady state, the 22Na content of the chamber fluid promptly increased 118 and 68%, respectively, above the control value with no increase in secretory rate. 5. The addition of ouabain to the chamber fluid, in addition to the lithium chloride or potassium chloride, tended to stimulate or have no significant effect on 22Na uptake at a concentration of 10(-5) M and to reduce it as well as the secretory rate at 10(-3) M. 6. The date are compatible with there being two functionally separate sodium transport systems in the choroid plexus. One transports sodium accompanied by an anion and water to provide the fluid secreted into the chamber (c.s.f.) and the other operates primarily to regulate the potassium concentration of the c.s.f. by pumping potassium out in exchange for sodium. 7. Lithium can be transported by both systems to a limited extent and the presence of lithium in the c.s.f. stimulates the sodium-potassium regulating pump. PMID- 7252870 TI - Responses in the posterior lobe of the rat cerebellum to electrical stimulation of cutaneous afferents to the snout. AB - 1. Responses in the cortex of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum to electrical stimulation of afferent fibres from the skin of the snout have been analysed in decerebrate and pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rats by means of surface and microelectrode records. Single shocks were applied either to the exposed follicles of the mystachial vibrissae or to the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve. 2. In decerebrate rats responses were mediated only via mossy fibre afferents. Stimulation of one side of the snout yielded responses with mean latency 2.4 ms throughout the uvula (largest ipsilaterally and in lobule IXa). Smaller responses with similar latency were present in both cerebellar hemispheres (largest ipsilaterally). The earliest discharges of Purkinje cells in lobule IXa occurred at latencies between 4.5 and 8.5 ms. 3. All components of the extracellular field potentials generated within the cortex by the mossy fibre input were detectable by surface recording with ball electrodes. 4. The earliest surface potentials had a latency of 0.55 ms (peak latency 0.8 ms); they arose through volume conduction from the brain stem of a potential which signalled arrival of the primary afferent volley. The short delay between this event and the arrival of the mossy fibre volley in the cerebellum suggests that only one synaptic relay occurs in the brain stem. 5. In pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rats surface responses mediated via mossy fibres persisted and were accompanied at slightly higher threshold by responses shown to be mediated via climbing fibres. The latter were present in descending order of amplitude in three sagittally directed zones, one in contralateral Crus 2 (minimum latency 13 ms), one in the vermis contralaterally near the mid line in lobule IXa (latency 16 ms) and a third in ipsilateral Crus 2 (latency 20 ms) 6. In the hemisphere the responses mediated via climbing fibres occurred within the somewhat larger zones activated via mossy fibres but in the vermis the two types of trigemino-cerebellar input influenced quite separate areas of cortex. PMID- 7252872 TI - Relationship of arterial pressure and heart rate in fetal, new-born and adult sheep. AB - 1. Baroreflex activity was assessed in nine fetal, four new-born and six adult sheep, using the relationship between heart period and arterial pressure. Arterial pressure was raised either by inflating a balloon in the dorsal aorta, by rapid intravenous injection of phenylephrine or methoxamine, or by slow intravenous infusion of methoxamine. 2. In the fetus the three methods gave different estimates of baroreflex sensitivity (balloon, 1.3 +/- 0.7 mmHg; injections, 5.4 +/- 0.5 msec mmHg; infusions, 7.2 +/- 0.9 msec/mmHg) whereas they were comparable in the new-born and adult. 3. Estimates of baroreflex sensitivity were significantly lower in the fetus and new-born than in the adult whichever method was used. 4. In the fetus there were variable changes of heart period when arterial pressure was raised by inflation of the balloon. The responses to injection of phenylephrine or methoxamine were also variable. 5. This variability was not associated with changes in electrocortical activity, the presence or absence of breathing movements or limb movements, or changes of blood gases. 6. In the fetus the heart period frequently did not change unless the arterial pressure was raised by approximately 15 mmHg (to 61 mmHg), suggesting that the threshold for baroreflex activity is above the normal range of arterial pressure before birth. PMID- 7252871 TI - Ouabain-sensitive thallium fluxes in smooth muscle of rabbit uterus. AB - 1. Rabbit myometrium accumulates Tl in a time-dependent fashion and the majority of the uptake of Tl is ouabain-sensitive. 2. In normal chloride-containing media, the uptake of Tl, though ouabain-sensitive, is less than in chloride-free media and this difference is due to a greater ouabain-insensitive uptake. 3. The ouabain-insensitive uptake in normal chloride-containing media is reduced by furosemide and furosemide also reduces total uptake in this solution. In chloride free media, however, furosemide is without effect on total or ouabain-sensitive uptake. 4. In chloride-free media, the uptake of Tl against Tl concentration is sigmoidal, suggesting that more than one Tl ion is being transported at a time. 5. Tl was capable of substituting for K in electrogenic Na pumping; it was approximately twice as effective as K and the inhibitory effect of Tl was blocked by ouabain. 6. Tl efflux can be explained by a simple two-compartment model in both normal and chloride-free solutions. 7. The uptake of Tl was inhibited by alkali cations with the order of potency being Tl+ > K+ > Rb+ > Cs+ at 10 mM and Tl+ > K4 = Rb+ > Cs+ at 5 mM ion concentrations. 8. It is concluded that Tl enters the smooth muscle of rabbit uterus by diffusion, active ouabain-sensitive transport and active chloride- and furosemide-sensitive transport. PMID- 7252873 TI - Luminal acidification by the perfused rat cauda epididymidis. AB - 1. Acid secretion by the rat cauda epididymidis was studied by microperfusion of the epididymal duct and by measuring the pH of the perfusate at a constant pCO(2) using a micro pH sensitive electrode. The rate of acidification was expressed as the rate of fall of intraluminal bicarbonate per cm duct per min.2. When the cauda epididymal duct was perfused with normal bicarbonate solution, the luminal bicarbonate concentration fell at a rate of 0.59 +/- 0.39 n-equiv cm(-1) min(-1) (mean +/- s.e.,n = 22).3. The rate of luminal acidification was independent of the perfusion rate but was dependent on the concentration of bicarbonate in the perfusion fluid. The rate of fall of luminal bicarbonate increased with increasing bicarbonate concentration and showed saturation at an intraluminal bicarbonate concentration of 25 m-mole/l.4. Acidification was abolished in the absence of intraluminal sodium ions. This may suggest a linked sodium reabsorption and hydrogen ion secretion.5. Acidification of the luminal fluid was studied under different acid-base conditions. In animals undergoing metabolic acidosis, the rate of acidification was enhanced, and conversely in animals undergoing metabolic alkalosis, the rate was depressed.6. Intravenous infusion of acetazolamide into rats at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg.hr markedly inhibited the acidification process. This effect was still observed in animals undergoing metabolic acidosis. Acetazolamide (10(-5)m) applied luminally was found to have no effect but higher concentration (10(-4)m) was found to inhibit acidification by 50%.7. The role of acidification of the epididymal fluid in sperm maturation was discussed. PMID- 7252874 TI - A micropuncture investigation of electrolyte transport in the parotid glands of sodium-replete and sodium-depleted sheep. AB - 1. Parotid secretion has been studied by micropuncture in sodium-replete and sodium-deficient sheep. 2. The osmolality of unstimulated primary saliva was slightly higher than in plasma and fell following cholinergic nerve stimulation. In sodium-depleted animals the osmolality of final saliva was hypotonic and exhibited flow dependency, where as in sodium-replete animals it was always isotonic. 3. In sodium-replete sheep, the primary fluid sodium concentration was about 120-130 mmol l-1 but in final saliva it was about 167 mmol l-1 and showed little or no flow-dependency. In sodium-depleted sheep, the primary sodium concentration averaged only 82.2 mmol l-1 and it was concluded that sodium depleted primary fluid contained some other unidentified solute that allowed it to remain approximately isotonic; in final saliva the unstimulated sodium concentration was about 40 mmol l-1 and it rose with increasing flow rate to a maximum of 114.9 mmol l-1. 4. The primary fluid potassium concentration in sodium replete animals did not differ significantly from that seen in sodium-depleted animals and the values were uninfluenced by stimulation; the over-all mean value was 11.2 mmol l-1. In final saliva, in sodium-replete sheep, the potassium concentrations averaged 7.8 mmol l-1 but in sodium-depleted sheep the concentrations were between 5 and 10 times greater than in primary fluid. 5. It was calculated from the equilibrium pH that the primary bicarbonate concentration would have been about 35 mmol l-1. In final saliva, where bicarbonate was measured directly, the concentrations were much greater and increased with stimulation to about 115 mmol l-1. 6. The primary fluid phosphate and chloride concentrations were the same in both sodium-replete and sodium-depleted animals and were unchanged by stimulation; the mean concentration of phosphate was 1.30 mmol l-1 and of chloride, 53.0 mmol l-1. In final saliva the phosphate concentrations were little changed but the chloride concentrations fell to an average value of 20.0 mmol l-1. In final saliva it was found that the summed sodium and potassium concentrations exceeded the summed chloride, bicarbonate and phosphate (in mequiv l-1) concentrations, on average by 13.9 mequiv l-1, regardless of sodium status or flow rate. 7. The results indicate that secretion by the sheep parotid can be accounted for in terms of the standard two-state model. Phosphate seems to enter the saliva only in the primary fluid and potassium and bicarbonate appear to enter at both primary and secondary sites; sodium and chloride enter at the primary level and can be reabsorbed in the ducts. Salt depletion causes the primary fluid concentrations of sodium and chloride to fall and the content of an unidentified solute to rise markedly while, at the ductal level, it causes normally quiescent sodium and potassium transport processes to become activated. PMID- 7252876 TI - Nervous modulation of spontaneous contractions in bovine mesenteric lymphatics. AB - 1. Spontaneous isometric contractions were measured in 2 cm segments of bovine mesenteric lymphatics. 2. Field stimulation at 0.25, 1 anf 4 Hz increased the frequency of contraction. 3. Tetrodotoxin 3 x 10(-6) M blocked the response to electrical stimulation. 4. Phenoxybenzamine 3 x 10(-7) M converted the excitatory effect of stimulation to an inhibitory one. 5. Propranolol 3 x 10(-7) M potentiated the excitatory response to stimulation at 1 and 4 Hz. 6. Field stimulation was without effect in the presence of propranolol and phenoxybenzamine together. 7. Cocaine potentiated the response to stimulation at 0.25 and 1 Hz. 8. Atropine 3 x 10(-7) M failed to block the excitatory effect. 9. Field stimulation at 0.5 and 1 Hz increased the frequency of spontaneous contractions and propulsion of fluid by 8 cm cannulated segments of lymphatic. 10. The results suggest that bovine lymphatic vessels have a noradrenergic innervation which is capable of controlling lymph flow. PMID- 7252875 TI - The role of muscle mass in the cardiovascular response to static contractions. AB - 1. Eleven men performed static contractions with the fingers (digits II and III), forearm (handgrip) and the knee extensors (knee angle 90 degrees ) at 40% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for 2 min. In seven of the subjects handgrip and knee extension were combined, both contractions held at 40% MVC. At the end of the contraction, cuffs were inflated to 250 mmHg for 3 min around the extremity which had been contracting. Continuous measurements were performed of force, heart rate and intra-arterial blood pressure (a. brachialis; 20 cm proximally), before and during contraction as well as during the recovery with and without cuffs inflated.2. Heart rate and blood pressure increased momentarily with the onset of a contraction whereafter a gradual further increase took place. This pattern of response was similar for all muscle groups studied. The increases during the contractions were in the order: fingers, forearm, knee extensors and combined forearm-knee extensors, with the difference between each muscle group contraction being significant.3. In the recovery period from a contraction with the cuff(s) inflated, heart rate returned to control level. Blood pressure also dropped, but remained elevated above pre-contraction level until the cuff(s) was released.4. The present data during contraction are at variance with earlier observations showing that the cardiovascular response to a static contraction is proportional to the% MVC regardless of the muscle mass involved in the contraction. Our findings are in line with the traditional concept of central and peripheral nervous inputs playing a role in the cardiovascular adjustments to exercise, with both the central and the peripheral factors being related to the mass of the muscles engaged in the exercise. PMID- 7252877 TI - Physiological compensation for loss of afferent synapses in rat hippocampal granule cells during senescence. AB - 1. The effects of senescence on the input-output characteristics of the perforant path projection to granule cells of the fascia dentata were studied in rats using extracellular techniques in vivo, and both extra- and intracellular recording in vitro. 2. Senescent animals exhibited a significant reduction in the perforant path excitatory synaptic field potential at all stimulus intensities tested. This was associated with a reduction in the size of the afferent fibre response, although there was no apparent change in the threshold for fibre activation. These data support the anatomical literature which indicates a loss of afferent synapses with advanced age. 3. For a given magnitude of afferent fibre response, however, the old animals exhibited a larger synaptic field potential, suggesting that the remaining synapses were in fact more powerful. Furthermore, the magnitude of the extracellular population spike, an index of the number of discharging granule cells, was greater in the old animals when plotted as a function of extracellular e.p.s.p. amplitude. 4. Intracellular recording from a total of 190 granule cells in the transverse hippocampal slice preparation revealed a 17% reduction in the voltage threshold for synaptically elicited granule cell discharge, and a 13% reduction in the latency of the action potential in old compared to young rats. Resting potentials, action potential amplitudes, whole neurone time constants, the relations between applied current and input resistance, and the discharge threshold following depolarizing current pulses, were not different between age groups. 5. These data indicate that granule cells could partly compensate for a loss of synapses during senescence by an increase in their electrical responsiveness to synaptic activation and possibly by an increase in synaptic efficacy. PMID- 7252878 TI - The relationship between maximal ventilation, breathing pattern and mechanical limitation of ventilation. AB - 1. The extent to which the pattern of breathing at maximal ventilation in man is affected by the mechanical properties of the respiratory pump has been studied. 2. The maximal effort flow volume (MEFV) loop has been used to calculate the shortest possible inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) durations associated with the highest ventilation for all tidal volumes (VT). These minimal TIS and TES hve been plotted on a VT-TI-TE diagram. 3. Such predicted minimal TIS and TES were compared with observed minimal values from five healthy subjects who tried to reach their maximal ventilations during three experimental conditions: maximal voluntary hyperventilation, rebreathing, and graded exercise. 4. We have found that exercise increases the maximal flows at all lung volumes and confirmed that rebreathing has no such effect. 5. During hyperventilation the mechanical limits were followed closely for all VTS. During exercise and rebreathing the VT-TI and the VT-TE relationships showed a definite maximum of VT at submaximal ventilation in half the cases. The calculated minimal TIS and TES were approached but not reached. This indicates that maximal ventilation is not entirely limited by the mechanical properties of the respiratory pump, but that mechanical factors influence the regulation of breathing pattern when ventilation approaches the maximal capacity of the respiratory pump. PMID- 7252879 TI - The role of sodium ions in pancreatic fluid secretion in the rabbit. AB - 1. NaCl in the bathing medium of the isolated rabbit pancreas has been gradually replaced by isotonic amounts of either sucrose, choline chloride or KCl. 2. The replacement of NaCl always leads to a reduction in pancreatic flow. This reduction is largest with sucrose as replacing agent and smallest with KCl. 3. The Na+ concentration in the secreted fluid decreases only slightly when NaCl is replaced by sucrose. In the experiments with choline chloride, the Na+ concentration in the secreted fluid decreases slightly when less than 60 mM-NaCl has been replaced, but decreases markedly after more extensive NaCl replacement. Upon replacement of NaCl by KCl, the Na+ concentration in the secreted fluid is always equal to that in the bathing medium. 4. The K+ concentration in the secreted fluid increases by 8 mM upon replacing NaCl by either sucrose or choline chloride. Upon replacement by KCl the K+ concentration in the secreted fluid is always approximately equal to that in the bathing medium. 5. There is a linear relationship between the ratio of the K+ concentrations in the secreted fluid and the bathing medium and the ratio of the Na+ concentrations in these fluids. 6. Replacement of NaCl in the bathing medium does not lead to a change in the transepithelial potential. 7. The secreted fluid is always isotonic with that of the bathing medium; in the case of an extensive replacement of NaCl by either sucrose or choline chloride isotonicity is maintained by a higher cation concentration and an increased appearance of the replacing agents in the secreted fluid. 8. These studies confirm previous findings that extracellular Na+ is essential for pancreatic fluid secretion. 9. They also indicate that the monovalent cations reach the secreted fluid through a paracellular pathway. 10. These findings are incorporated in a model for the electrolyte movements involved in the pancreatic fluid secretion by ductular as well as by acinar cells. PMID- 7252880 TI - The effect of adrenaline and noradrenaline on coronary vascular reserve in the dog. AB - 1. Experiments were performed on dogs, anaesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium to measure the oxygen utilization of anterior ventricular wall. The anterior interventricular vein was used for venous blood collection and flow measurement. 2. Oxygen contents of arterial blood and coronary vein were measured. 3. Intravenous (femoral vein) adrenaline infusions raised arterial blood pressure and caused an initial fall in oxygen extraction from control values of 67-45%. Noradrenaline caused an initial fall from 67 to 51%. With both, the oxygen extraction began to rise during the infusion and continued, reaching maximum levels, (mean -82%) 10 min after start of infusion. The range of maximum values for oxygen extraction ratio after noradrenaline was 76-95%. 4. An inverse linear relation was established between blood pressure and oxygen extraction; whereas a direct linear relationship was established between coronary venous blood flow and mean arterial pressure. 5. When a change in blood pressure was prevented, the oxygen extraction ratio rose. 6. In all experiments, whether extraction rose or fell, the oxygen consumption rose. 7. It is suggested that oxygen extraction is a controlled variable and, with coronary blood flow, contributes quantitatively to coronary vascular reserve. 8. The tension-time index was not directly related to oxygen consumption in these experiments. Oxygen consumption rose in response to catecholamines by about the same amount even when mean arterial blood pressure was controlled. It is suggested that cardiac adjustments to altered afterload may also involve alterations in mechanical efficiency. PMID- 7252881 TI - Calcium component to action potentials in rat pars intermedia cells. AB - 1. The ionic dependence of the action potential of rat pars intermedia cells was investigated by using intracellular recording techniques. 2. In the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX, 5 x 10(-6)M), the action potentials evoked by passing depolarizing current through the recording electrode were abolished, confirming that they are mainly dependent on Na; however, when tetraethylammonium (TEA, 10 mM) was added to the TTX-containing solution the imposed depolarizations triggered all-or-none regenerative potentials indicative of involvement of another ion. 3. There TTX-insensitive regenerative potentials persisted when the cells were perifused with Na-free solution but were severely reduced or abolished by Ca-free solution. This suggests that the ion producing these potentials is Ca. 4. These Ca action potentials were suppressed by Ni, Co and Mn in concentrations that did not suppress the "Na spikes' recorded in the absence of TTX and TEA. 5. Sr and Ba could substitute for Ca in maintaining the action potentials recorded in the presence of TTX. These ions also prolonged the duration of these action potentials. 6. The demonstration of a Ca component to the predominantly Na dependent action potentials of pars intermedia cells heightens the possibility that these action potentials participate in the regulation of secretion. PMID- 7252882 TI - Local production of prostaglandins in relation to mammary function at the onset of lactation in the goat. AB - 1. Arterial and mammary venous concentrations of prostaglandins F alpha (PGF alpha), E (PGE) and the PGF alpha metabolite, 13,14-dihydro-15-oxoPGF alpha (DHK PGF alpha) were studied during late pregnancy and the onset of lactation in conscious goats. Mammary secretion concentrations of PGF alpha and DHK-PGF alpha were determined, and mammary blood flow, arterial plasma progesterone concentrations and milk composition were also studied. 2. A significant output of PGF alpha from the mammary gland into mammary venous blood was observed during late pregnancy; this output ceased near term. 3. Mammary output of DHK-PGF alpha into venous blood began about 6 days prepartum, suggesting an increasing capacity of the gland to metabolize PGF alpha. 4. The concentration of PGF alpha in mammary secretion increased from about 4 days pre-partum, that of DKH-PGF alpha from about 12 days pre-partum. 5. It is concluded that although total mammary output of PGF alpha decreases during late pregnancy and early lactation, the rate of mammary synthesis of PGF alpha increases and the PGF alpha is increasingly secreted into milk and metabolized to DHK-PGF alpha within the mammary gland. 6. Unilateral treatment of one mammary gland in goats with the PGF 2 alpha analogue, Cloprostenol, at two dose levels from 2-3 days pre-partum to 1-2 days post-partum prevented the changes in milk [Na] that occur at term in untreated glands. At the higher dose, the normal rise in milk [citrate] was abolished and milk yield was reduced; these effects persisted after cessation of treatment. 7. It is suggested that PGF alpha may play a local inhibitory role in mammary gland function during late pregnancy. It is further suggested that PGF alpha could be the factor, or one of the factors, proposed by Linzell & Peaker (1974) to be responsible for local control of mammary epithelial permeability and possibly also for secretory rate. PMID- 7252884 TI - [31st Meeting of the Western Japan Chapter of the Physiological Society of Japan. Abstracts]. PMID- 7252885 TI - Bottled mineral waters polluted by protozoa in Mexico. AB - A survey of protozoa polluting bottled mineral water in Mexico was carried out using samples obtained form the three best-selling brands of bottled mineral water in the country. The organisms were concentrated through filtration procedures and subsequently cultured in the sterile media. The cultures were observed over four weeks, with identification to the level of genus and species. Most commonly found were the amoebae Naegleria gruberi, Acanthamoeba astronyxis, and Vahlkampfia vahlkampfi (trophic as well as cystic stages) plus one flagellate, Bodomorpha minima. No ciliates were detected. The public health importance of the findings is obvious, since some strains of Naegleria and Acanthamoeba have the potential to cause human disease that may lead to death. PMID- 7252883 TI - Changes in the perception of inspiratory resistive loads during partial curarization. AB - 1. The ability of normal subjects to estimate the magnitude of resistive loads and to detect resistive loads was determined using standard psychophysical techniques. The experiments were repeated during maintained partial neuromuscular blockade with D-tubocurarine. 2. During curarization the ability to detect the presence of a small inspiratory resistive load was not significantly impaired. This finding is consistent with the view that changes in the usual breath-by breath relation between pressure and flow mediate detection. 3. The size of resistive loads was over-estimated during partial curarization. Subjects thus placed more reliance on sensing the increased motor command required during curarization than on alternative peripheral signals related to pressure, flow or resistance. 4. The exponent for the power function relating the perceived magnitude of a resistive load to its actual size (Stevens, 1957) was reduced during partial neuromuscular blockade. 5. These results suggest that detection of resistive loads depends upon sensing apparent information arising from an unexpected pressure-flow disturbance but that estimation of the size of an added load depends, in part, on sensing the outgoing motor command. PMID- 7252886 TI - Pathogenic and nonpathogenic Acanthamoeba spp. in thermally polluted discharges and surface waters. AB - During spring and autumn, the total number of amoebae and the number of acanthamoeba species able to grow at 37 degrees C were determined in six thermally polluted factory discharges and the surrounding surface waters. The isolated Acanthamoeba strains were studied for growth in axenic medium, cytopathic effect in Vero cell cultures, and virulence in mice. Although more amoebae were isolated in autumn, the number of Acanthamoeba species was lower than in spring, when the percent of pathogenic strains among the isolates was highest. Higher concentrations of amoebae were found in warm discharges, and more virulent strains occurred in thermal discharges than in surface waters. PMID- 7252887 TI - Life cycle of Eimeria christenseni Levine, Ivens & Fritz, 1962 form the domestic goat, Capra hircus L. AB - The endogenous development of Eimeria christenseni was studied in 10 two-to four week-old kids inoculated with 10(6)-10(7) sporulated oocysts. They were killed at intervals from two to 26 days after inoculation, and their tissues were examined for endogenous stages of the coccidian by light microscopy. Such stages were found in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes. In the sexual cycle, two generations of meronts were found. The first generation developed in endothelial cells of lacteals in the jejunum In the sexual cycle, two generations of meronts were found. The first generation developed in endothelial cells of lacteals in the jejunun and ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes, and mature meronts were first seen 14 days after inoculation. The second generation developed in epithelial cells of the glands of Lieberkuehn in the jejunum and ileum and in mesenteric lymph nodes, and its mature meronts were first seen by 16 days. Sexual stages were present mostly in epithelial cells of the tips and sides of the villi and less frequently in crypt cells of the jejunum and ileum. Mature macrogametes and microgamonts and oocysts were also first seen by 16 days. The prepatent period was 17(14-23) days; the patent ranged from 8 to more than 30 days. Sporulation time was 3-4 days at 30 degrees C. E. christenseni was found to be pathogenic, kids inoculated with 1-5 X 10(5) sporulated oocysts exhibited the following signs: severe diarrhea, anorexia, polydipsia, poor hair coat, and extreme weakness. They recovered about a month later, but their growth rates appeared to be lower than those of uninoculated animals kept under the same conditions. One kid died 20 days after inoculation with 10(7) oocysts. PMID- 7252888 TI - Food allergy: fact or fiction? PMID- 7252889 TI - Organic mental impairment in the elderly. Implications for research, education and the provision of services. A report of the Royal College of Physicians by the College Committee on Geriatrics. PMID- 7252890 TI - Prophylaxis and treatment of infective endocarditis. PMID- 7252891 TI - Management of infective endocarditis. PMID- 7252892 TI - Chronic heart block and sinoatrial disorder. PMID- 7252893 TI - Heart disease in pregnancy some controversies. PMID- 7252894 TI - The significance of mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7252895 TI - Mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7252897 TI - [Computed tomography appearance of agenesis of the corpus callosum. A report of 5 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252898 TI - [Intraperitoneal bladder rupture (author's transl)]. AB - On-duty radiologists should keep in mind some peculiar circumstances leading to intraperitoneale bladder rupture without fracture of pelvic bones. It is thus possible to identify the classical pattern of dog's ears topping the bladder, on the abdomen plain film, and the diagnosis may be confirmed by intravenous urography. An illustration is given by the reported case: a young man, after drinking too much, received a kick into the lap, followed by a severe pain and total urinary retention with a flat bladder. PMID- 7252896 TI - Medical audit in general medicine. PMID- 7252899 TI - [Subclavian steal syndrome from congenital atresia of the left subclavian artery (author's transl)]. AB - Obstruction of the left subclavian artery is one of the rarest causes of the cogenital subclavian steal syndrome with a right-sided aorta. Radiological diagnosis can be made from a standard film which shows the aorta on the right, and a barium examination of the esophagus which demonstrates the absence of any compression posteriorly. Angiographic exploration (aortography, pulmonary angiography) is essential for positive confirmation of diagnosis and to exclude other types of congenital subclavian steal with a right-sided aorta. Certain cardiac malformations may be associated, but forms have been described without any other anomalies as in the case reported, which only became apparent when neurological symptoms developed in adult age. PMID- 7252901 TI - [A needle-catheter for use in suprapubic cystography (author transl)]. PMID- 7252902 TI - [Peritoneography. Utilization of a new contrast product slightly hyperosmolar (AG 62-27) (author's transl)]. AB - Without discussing nor indication or technical the author reminds that secondary effects observed in peritoneography while using classical contrast media are due to hyperosmolality of those products. He realized a comparative study on a clinical level but principaly biological between a classical contrast-medium and AG 62-27 which osmolality is near by blood ones. He insists on additional security brought by this new contrast-medium on new-borns and on prematures because of its perfect tolerance; moreover he points out that the good persistance of opacification during more than 2 hours allows to know to the facts of discreet peritoneal process: which is an important notion for surgeons. Thanks to this product only 2 pictures are necessary which reduces irradiation. PMID- 7252900 TI - [Double contrast mucographic images in advanced laxative-induced colitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252903 TI - [Evaluation of loss of films in radiodiagnosis]. PMID- 7252904 TI - [Anterograde pyelography to assess morphology (author's transl)]. AB - The use of anterograde pyelography to assess morphological changes revealed the presence of obstruction in the upper urinary tract, previously undetected by urography, in 61 patients studied. The technique, used almost exclusively to expose the pelvis over the last year, is described. Only in very rare cases was there a failure to puncture the renal pelvis, and no complications occurred. The relative indication of anterograde and retrograde pyelography are discussed, as well as the morphological data obtained by each method in different types of obstruction: complete, severe incomplete, and partial. The main indications for this procedure are reviewed as a function of the etiology. PMID- 7252906 TI - [Ultrasonic aspect of neo-natal adrenal hematoma. 7 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 7 cases of neo-natal adrenal hematoma diagnosed by ultrasound. A traumatic delivery was found in 4 cases. In 4 cases a flank mass was palpated. In 3 cases the adrenal hematoma was asymptomatic, discovered by echotomography. I.V.P. showed a typical appearance in only 1 case out of 5. The first ultrasonic examination was performed between day 5 and day 12. It showed a fluid filled mass in 5 cases and a predominantly fluid mass in 2 cases. Both sides were involved twice. The ultrasonic follow-up 8 days later always showed a decrease in size, in 1 cases calcifications appeared. The authors compare their results with those of the literature and discuss the differential diagnosis with neo-natal neuroblastoma. PMID- 7252905 TI - [Intrathoracic fatty masses symptomatic of diaphragmatic hernia in adults: a report on 11 cases and computed tomography study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252908 TI - Drugs and the soldier. PMID- 7252907 TI - The changing face of army primary care. PMID- 7252909 TI - Brooks blanket. PMID- 7252910 TI - Heat stroke in October. A case report. PMID- 7252912 TI - Club motorcycle racing medical aid and types of injury. PMID- 7252911 TI - Anaphylactic shock resulting from casualty simulation. A case report. PMID- 7252913 TI - 'Jutho'. PMID- 7252916 TI - Patient participation in general practice. PMID- 7252917 TI - The mammalian fetal membranes. PMID- 7252914 TI - The measurement of the quality of general practitioner care. PMID- 7252918 TI - Immunoglobulin and complement receptor-bearing cells in cultures of mouse decidual tissue. AB - Cells disaggregated from decidual tissue of the pregnant mouse were cultured overnight and examined in erythrocyte-antibody rosetting assays for the presence of cell surface receptors for the Fc region of immunoglobulin. Fc receptor bearing cells were present from Day 4 post coitum (Day 1 = day of mating) as an increasing proportion of the total number of cells in the cultures, although the precise proportion showed considerable strain-dependent variation. In a similar assay, complement receptor-bearing cells were not detected in cultures of decidual tissue until 14-15 days of pregnancy. The presence of Fc receptor bearing cells in the decidua supports the suggestion that this tissue may have a role in the immunological interactions between the mother and her antigenically alien embryo. PMID- 7252919 TI - Protein, prostaglandin and steroid synthesis in caruncular and intercaruncular endometrium of sheep before implantation. AB - The effect of the presence of a preimplantation embryo on protein concentration, rate of protein synthesis, beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase activities, steroid metabolism and prostaglandin F production in caruncular and intercaruncular tissue have been studied for sheep at Day 15 of pregnancy. The rate of protein synthesis in both tissues was greater in pregnant than in non pregnant animals, although the difference was only significant in caruncular endometrium. The effect in caruncular tissue was mimicked in ovariectomized animals treated with oestradiol. Localized changes in the caruncular tissue were observed in respect of PGF with an increased tissue concentration, an enhanced basal release when the tissue was incubated in the presence of indomethacin, and a decreased net production. Maximum production of PGF in the 2 tissues was unaffected by the presence of an embryo but it was enhanced by oestradiol or progesterone treatment in intercaruncular tissue of ovariectomized ewes. beta Glucuronidase and acid phosphatase activities and steroid metabolism were unaffected by pregnancy. However, in ovariectomized animals oestradiol treatment stimulated beta-glucuronidase activity in endometrium and myometrium. Progesterone treatment stimulated acid phosphatase activity in the intercaruncular endometrium. The results show that amongst several endometrial constituents investigated relatively few changes were detected by Day 15 post coitum, one day before definitive attachment. Those changes that did occur were associated with the dynamics of PGF production and the rate of protein synthesis, and were consistent with the production of a PGF binding component in caruncular endometrium which may be concerned with the protection of luteal function by redirection of uterine PGF production. Canonical variate analysis revealed that changes on Day 15 of pregnancy were mimicked most closely in caruncular tissue by treatment of ovariectomized ewes with oestradiol and progesterone, and in intercaruncular tissue by oestradiol treatment only. PMID- 7252920 TI - Sperm head abnormalities in relation to the age and strain of mice. AB - Sperm abnormalities were examined in the samples of the uterine contents collected after copulation. Male mice of the inbred C57BL/Kw (C57), CBA/Kw (CBA) and KE strains were tested at the ages of 6, 7, 8 and 10 weeks. Severely misshapen spermatozoa were produced by 6-week-old males of all strains: 30% of spermatozoa had 'thread-like' heads, devoid of Feulgen-positive material; the total proportion of abnormalities was lowest in CBA males. During maturation the percentages of abnormalities dropped rapidly and the proportion of drastically misshapen spermatozoa diminished in favour of less severe deformations. The frequency distribution of abnormal sperm types was strain specific for adult males but not for very young males. Large spermatozoa were seen in samples from young CBA and KE males (0.5-2%) and sporadically in 10-week-old CBA males. A negative relationship between body weight and the severity of abnormalities was seen for young, but not adult, males reared in litters of different size. No sperm deterioration was noticed in the first year of life of 5 KE males tested every 3 months until death, but a male surviving to 15 months had increased (38%) proportions of abnormal spermatozoa. PMID- 7252922 TI - Isolation and characterization of turkey prolactin. AB - Prolactin from frozen turkey pituitary glands was purified by alkaline ethanol extraction of the pituitary residue after pre-extractions of the gonadotrophins and GH, followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography at different pH. A specific radioligand--receptor assay for ovine prolactin was used to locate the activity in eluates after column chromatography and gel filtration. The potency of the highly purified turkey prolactin was characterized by a radioligand--receptor assay to be 3.40 i.u./mg and by a heterologous radioimmunoassay to be 35 i.u./mg as compared to purified ovine prolactin as standard. The yield of turkey prolactin was 3 mg/100 g frozen pituitary glands. The purified turkey prolactin consisted of three protein bands upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the molecular weight was estimated to be 22000 by SDS--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Turkey prolactin was rich in aspartic acid, glutamic acid and leucine, but lacking in methionine. PMID- 7252921 TI - Exogenous lactate is essential for metabolic activities in isolated rat spermatocytes and spermatids. AB - Spermatocytes and round spermatids were isolated from rat testis and the effects of addition of 3.3 mM-glucose and 6 mM-DL-lactate to the incubation medium on the morphology, oxygen consumption and incorporation of uridine and amino acids of these cells were investigated. Addition of lactate to isolated germ cells increased O2 consumption 1.8-fold and incorporation of precursors of RNA and protein by at least 5-fold. The amino acid incorporation into spermatocytes and spermatids was irreversibly decreased after a preincubation for at least 5 h or 70 min respectively in the absence of lactate, indicating degeneration of the germ cells. In the presence of lactate, however, spermatocytes maintained their morphological integrity for at least 24 h. Addition of glucose to isolated germ cells had no effect on any of the parameters investigated. It is concluded that isolated spermatocytes and round spermatids may utilize lactate, perhaps secreted by Sertoli cells, as the main source of energy. PMID- 7252923 TI - The effect of the removal of the various accessory sex glands on the fertility of male rats. AB - Accessory sex glands were removed from rats which were then allowed to mate with females. Ablation of the ventral prostatic lobes appeared to have no affect on the animals' fertility whereas removal of the dorsolateral lobes or of the seminal vesicles induced complete infertility. Excision of the coagulating glands caused infertility in 12/16 males. PMID- 7252924 TI - Triacylglycerols in the rat uterine epithelium during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. AB - Specific histochemical techniques showed triacylglycerols to be the predominant neutral lipid in intracellular lipid droplets of uterine epithelial cells. After their extraction from pure samples of uterine epithelial cells, triacylglycerols were in lower concentration (microgram/microgram DNA) during pro-oestrus (0.4) than at any other stage of the oestrus cycle (0.73-0.86), decreased during Days 3 (0.5), 4 (0.25) and 5 (0.24) of pregnancy, and were lower in ovariectomized females receiving oestradiol (0.18) than in those receiving medroxyprogesterone acetate (0.93). It is suggested that these triacylglycerols could be used by the blastocysts and their contiguous endometrium as a readily available energy and metabolite source during implantation. PMID- 7252925 TI - Dissociation of oocyte maturation and ovulation in mice pretreated with a derivative of dihydropyridazinone. AB - Treatment of mice with a dihydropyridazinone derivative (6-(4'-aminophenyl)-4,5 dihydro-5-methylpyridazin-3-one; ICI 109,081) inhibited the maturation of oocytes in the presence of gonadotrophins without affecting ovulation. The spontaneous resumption of meiosis in oocytes cultured in vitro was reversibly inhibited. ICI 109,081 may therefore be useful for evaluating the relationship between follicular development and the resumption of meiosis. PMID- 7252926 TI - Histone-mediated agglutination of epididymal spermatozoa and the occurrence of histone receptors on the rat sperm surface. AB - Exogenous calf thymus whole histones showed a high degree of specificity to cause agglutination of rat epididymal spermatozoa. Histones had markedly greater (approximately 5-fold) agglutination activity than did salmon protamine whereas a variety of proteins, including strongly basic ones such as herring protamine sulphate, ribonuclease, cytochrome C and lysozyme, had no detectable agglutination activity. Histones F-3 and F-2a had the greatest activity for cell agglutination. Polyamines (5 mM), sialic acid (5 mM) and basic or acidic amino acids (10 mM) had no effect on histone (approximately 8 microM)-mediated sperm agglutination. 32P-Labelled histones showed a high specificity for binding to intact spermatozoa. The binding was saturable at a histone concentration of approximately 0.3 mg/ml and nearly completely displaced at saturating concentrations of native histones. Only unlabelled protamines competed to a small extent for binding of 32P-labelled histones to spermatozoa. The data are consistent with the view that histones bind specifically to sperm surface receptor sites before agglutination of cells. PMID- 7252927 TI - Pronuclear development and the first cleavage division in polyspermic mouse eggs. AB - Zona-free F1 (C57B1/10 X CBA/H) mouse eggs were fertilized in vitro with F1 spermatozoa and examined in whole mounts 4.5-5 h or 17-19 h after mixing the gametes. The fertilization rate was nearly 90% with about one-third of eggs undergoing monospermic and two-thirds polyspermic fertilization (2-8 spermatozoa). In all monospermic eggs the sperm head developed into a large pronucleus. In polyspermic eggs either all or only some of the spermatozoa had completed the process of transformation, while the remainder were arrested at the early phase of pronuclear development. During the first cleavage division these pronuclei condensed but separate chromosomes did not differentiate and therefore could not contribute to the genome of the embryo. The condensed pronuclei were passively displaced to one or both blastomeres. The number of decondensed sperm heads present in the egg shortly after fertilization was therefore not always equivalent to the ploidy of the future embryo. The duration of the first cell cycle appeared to be related to ploidy (number of functional = 'advanced' pronuclei), with the monospermic eggs dividing first. PMID- 7252929 TI - Observations on autoimmune orchitis in sterile mice carrying a recessive lethal mutation at the T/t complex exhibiting spontaneous allergic orchitis. AB - Electron microscopic observations of testes of sterile, backcross T/tw18 mice which spontaneously develop allergic orchitis have demonstrated accumulations of lymphocytes and occasional plasma cells between seminiferous tubules in affected mice. Many lymphocytes appeared to be insinuated amongst cytoplasmic processes of the peritubular adventitial cells which, in most samples, provided a barrier to direct infiltration of the germinal epithelium by lymphocytes. Although lymphocytes were rarely observed within the seminiferous epithelium, extensive degeneration of spermatogenic cells was observed within affected tubules. Sertoli cells phagocytosed degenerating germ cells at all stages of differentiation. In vitro co-cultivation of syngeneic T/tw18 spleen and testicular cells revealed that testicular cells from sterile T/tw18 mice failed to activate suppressor T lymphocytes; consequently, the syngeneic splenocytes displayed a vigorous proliferative response to testicular autoantigens. Testicular cells from younger, fertile T/tw18 males, on the other hand, behaved like testicular cells from normal mice, triggering suppressor T cell activity and, thereby, abrogating proliferation of splenocytes. These results suggest genetic factors, introduced in the course of inbreeding and associated with chromosome 17, are responsible for the failure of spermatogenic cells from sterile T/tw18 males to maintain normal tolerance to their own antigens in vivo; allergic orchitis is an extreme manifestation of the inability of the defective germ cells to initiate normal T lymphocyte mediated suppression of an immune response. PMID- 7252928 TI - Effect of RMI 12,936 on early pregnancy in mice. AB - Treatment with RMI 12,936 blocked the mitotic shift from epithelial to stromal cells normally observed in the uterus on Day 4 of pregnancy, and inhibited implantation. While progesterone alone could reverse the change in pattern of cell division in the preparation of the uterus for implantation, both oestradiol and progesterone were necessary to induce implantation and maintain pregnancy. A reduction in the activity of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the ovaries of RMI 12,936-treated mice suggests that the compound affects luteal synthesis of oestrogen and progesterone in mice. PMID- 7252930 TI - Tamoxifen and the role of oestrogen in the timing of parturition in the rat. AB - After tamoxifen treatment 'spontaneous' pressure cycles were resumed in conscious rats in which myometrial activity had been inhibited with oestradiol benzoate, demonstrating an anti-oestrogenic effect of this compound. Tamoxifen did not shorten the length of pseudopregnancy to less than 11 days when administered to rats 4 days after cervical stimulation. The effect of oestradiol benzoate (OB) treatment of pregnant rats depended on the day of administration. On Day 18 OB injection (5 micrograms) advanced the mean time of parturition by 5-6 h (P less than 0.001) whereas injection on Days 19 or 20 delayed delivery by more than 6.5 and 8.5 h respectively (P less than 0.05). It is suggested that the ability of tamoxifen given on Days 20 or 21 to advance the time of parturition in rats is due to its anti-oestrogenic activity. PMID- 7252932 TI - Milk composition in the plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus). AB - Milk samples were taken from 10 plains viscacha between 9 and 64 days post partum. Mean concentrations (+/- s.e.) were 17 +/- 1.1 mM-Na; 32 +/- 1.6 mM-K; 35 +/- 2.2 mM-Cl; 116 +/- 3.3 mM-lactose (total reducing sugar) (all in 8 samples); less than 10-220 mg citrate/l (range of 4 samples); 15.7 +/- 0.64 g total nitrogen/l (3 samples). The Na:K ratio was 1:1.95 +/- 0.17. It was estimated that the fat concentration was between 116 and 182 g/l. PMID- 7252931 TI - Blood flow to the corpus luteum-bearing ovary and ipsilateral uterine horn of cows during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. AB - Total ovarian blood flow of cows (sum of flows through the ovarian artery and uterine branch of the ovarian artery), measured by electromagnetic flow probes, followed a consistent cyclic pattern, being highest from Day 10 of the oestrous cycle (oestrus = Day 0) until 4 days before the subsequent oestrus. During this period of high ovarian blood flow, blood of uterine origin flowed to the ovary through the uterine branch of the ovarian artery and was found to comprise 20-40% of the ovarian blood flow. Between Days -4 and -3, ovarian blood flow dropped (P less than 0.01) from 3.2 +/- 0.5 to 1.0 +/- 0.4 ml/min, coincident with a reversal of flow through this anastomosis. Uterine arterial blood flow was highest (P less than 0.05) from 1 day before oestrous to the day of oestrus when compared to the remaining days of the oestrous cycle. Throughout the oestrous cycle, ovarian blood flow was positively correlated with systemic concentrations of progesterone (r = 0.55, P less than 0.01) and negatively correlated with systemic concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta (r = -0.42, P less than 0.01). In contrast, uterine arterial blood flow was negatively correlated with systemic progesterone (r = -0.25, P less than 0.05) and positively correlated with systemic oestradiol (r = 0.45, P less than 0.05). These data provide direct evidence in the cow that a portion of the blood flowing to the ovary containing a fully functional corpus luteum is contributed by the ipsilateral uterine artery. PMID- 7252933 TI - A comparison of plasma LH concentrations in milked and suckling post-partum cows. AB - Plasma samples were taken every 10 min for periods of 8 h on 3 occasions during the post-partum period from 8 cows milked twice daily (Groups M1 and M2) and from 4 cows each suckling 4 calves (Group S). All samples were assayed for LH, and ovarian activity was monitored by measurement of milk progesterone. Three of the Group M1 cows had a delayed return to ovarian activity after calving (greater than 70 days) whereas all 4 Group M2 cows resumed ovarian cycles by 25.25 +/- 3.35 days post partum. Three Group S cows resumed cycles by a mean of 47.7 days post partum while the fourth had not done so by Day 100. Mean plasma LH concentrations were low pre partum (0.67 +/- 0.05 ng/ml) and up to day 5 post partum (0.80 +/- 0.03 ng/ml, Group S; 0.90 +/- 0.12 ng/ml, Group M1; 0.80 +/- 0.25 ng/ml, Group M2). Concentrations then increased up to Day 12 (1.23 +/- 0.20, 1.66 +/- 0.16 and 1.67 +/- 0.21 ng/ml in Groups S, M1 and M2 respectively). Between Days 13 and 20 a distinct pulsatile pattern was seen in the profiles of milked but not of suckling cows. The pulse frequency was lower (approximately 2/8 h) in those milked cows in which ovarian activity was delayed and varied from 4 to 10 episodes/8 h in milked cows that commenced ovarian activity early in the post-partum period. It is suggested that the pulsatile LH pattern is a prerequisite for the onset of ovarian cycles. PMID- 7252934 TI - Parental and environmental influences on pre- and post-natal development. Proceedings of a symposium of the Society for the Study of Fertility. Oxford, July 1980. PMID- 7252935 TI - Variation in phenotype due to random intrauterine positioning of male and female fetuses in rodents. AB - Rodents are polytocous mammals, and male and female fetuses can develop in utero contiguous to fetuses of the same or opposite sex. This paper describes experiments demonstrating that random intrauterine positioning of male and female fetuses results in within-sex variation in phenotype in mice and rats. This phenomenon provides a clear example of the degree to which the intrauterine environment can bias development in terms of effects on morphology, physiology and behaviour. I propose that individual differences in reproductively-related characteristics based on prior intrauterine position may play a role both in the regulation of population size in rodents and in the reproductive success of individuals as changes in population size occur. PMID- 7252937 TI - Glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in "normal" women during one year of use of an inert intrauterine device. AB - Metabolic studies were done on 41 women who were using an inert plastic intrauterine device (IUD). They each had a three-hour oral glucose tolerance test done after the IUD was inserted and then again one year later. The fasting plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels were also measured. The fasting blood glucose value was slightly elevated after one year (82.4 +/- SEM 1.3 vs 89.3 +/- SEM 2.2 mg/dl) of IUD use, but all of the other glucose and lipid levels were unchanged. These data provide baseline studies for comparison of the metabolic effects of other contraceptive agents studied over one year's time period. PMID- 7252938 TI - The application of multiple-parameter scoring to antepartum fetal heart rate testing. AB - Three hundred twenty-nine high-risk obstetric patients, undergoing 1,198 nonstressed tests (NSTs) and 101 subsequent contraction-stress tests (CSTs), were delivered during a 13-month study period. Each test was concurrently evaluated by conventional assessment criteria and by a 12-point multiple-parameter scoring system. The last test performed within one week of delivery was correlated with perinatal outcome, and the predictive accuracy of scoring was compared with conventional grading. Three NST groups were identified: group I (score: 9 to 12) had little perinatal compromise and overlapped extensively with the normally reactive group; group III (score: 0 to 4) were nearly all compromised, nonreactive by standard criteria and consistently followed by abnormal CSTs. Group II (score: 5 to 8) had an intermediate rate of compromise (33%) and was further categorized by subsequent CST outcome into normal, compromised or persistently equivocal subgroups. Scoring improved the sensitivity of CSTs, as well, when abnormal (positive or persistently equivocal). CSTs scoring below 5 were associated with a fetal compromise rate of 86%, approximately twice that of the group scoring in the 5-to-8 range. It was concluded that multiple-parameter scoring was of little benefit in improving test accuracy when the NST was normally reactive; however, scoring clearly delineated the most compromised fetal group from those requiring further evaluation when the NST was nonreactive. By combined NST-CST scoring alone, 90% of fetuses could be assigned to high- or low risk prognostic groups with confidence; the remainder would require additional fetal data to complete their assessment. PMID- 7252936 TI - Triplet pregnancies. AB - Fifteen triplet gestations delivered over 23 years beginning with 1954 are reviewed. The mortality rate was 7.1% in the gestation period of 28 weeks or more. This mortality rate compares favorably with the 15% to 50% rate reported in the literature. Among the third babies of each set, there was a mortality rate of 14.3%, again confirming the high mortality rate reported in the literature. Morbidity in triplet gestations was equally elevated. Although the data do not suggest what the best method of delivery is, the increased morbidity and mortality for the third baby of the set delivered vaginally implies that a more liberal use of cesarean section may reduce the potential risks for that baby. Also, among the eight cesarean sections performed in pregnancies at 28 weeks of gestation or more that have been reported in the literature, none of the babies died during the neonatal period. PMID- 7252939 TI - Dysgerminoma of the ovary. PMID- 7252940 TI - Magnesium sulfate for uterine inversion. PMID- 7252941 TI - Evaluation of removing devitalized cervical tissue in the reduction of vaginal discharge after cervical cryotherapy: a prospective study. PMID- 7252942 TI - Complete duodenal obstruction during pregnancy, with intestinal nonrotation and painless midgut volvulus. PMID- 7252943 TI - Hormonal screening of hyperestrogenic, elderly, obese females for a granulosa cell tumor. AB - Two elderly, obese, postmenopausal patients demonstrated, for their age, inappropriate estrogen stimulation, elevated serum concentrations of estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) and low serum concentrations of gonadotrophins. Hormonal evaluations before and after hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy are reported. The first patient represents the eighth reported case of a granulosa cell tumor with documented preoperative and postoperative estrogen serum concentrations. Though the second patient had no evidence of an ovarian neoplasm, she demonstrates the complexity of attempting to preoperatively diagnose an early granulosa cell tumor in the elderly, obese female by hormonal profiles. The contribution of gonadotrophins and estrogens in making this diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 7252944 TI - Desmoid tumor of the vulva. PMID- 7252945 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of omphalocele by ultrasound: case report with a brief review of the literature. PMID- 7252946 TI - A mucinous cystadenoma associated with testosterone production. PMID- 7252947 TI - Combined intra- and extrauterine pregnancy: a diagnostic challenge. PMID- 7252948 TI - Measuring the effect of caffeine restriction on fibrocystic breast disease: the role of graphic stress telethermometry as an objective monitor of disease. PMID- 7252949 TI - Ovum pick-up following fimbriectomy and infundibular salpingostomy in rabbits. PMID- 7252950 TI - The effects of prenatal diethylstilbestrol exposure on the genitalia of pubertal Macaca mulatta. II. Male offspring. AB - In order evaluate the potential embryotoxic and fetotoxic effects of in utero diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure on the developing offspring, 19 pregnant rhesus monkeys were administered 1 mg/day DES orally beginning on either day 19 (group I), 100 (group II) or 130 (group III) or gestation and termination on the day of natural birth or cesarean section. Five of ten male offspring are alive at 7 years of age. At 4 1/2 years of age, three of these five offspring exhibited one or more abnormalities of the external genitalia, including testicular hypoplasia, preputial adhesions and undescended testes. Semen analysis following rectal electroejaculation and testicular biopsies at 5 1/2 years of age confirmed two cases of testicular hypoplasia. Semen evaluation, testicular biopsies and analysis of serum testosterone levels at 6 1/2 years of age indicated normal testicular morphology and function in all DES-exposed males as compared with colony controls. Our study, therefore, suggests that DES may affect maturation of the reproductive tract as indicated by a delay in the normal breakdown of preputial adhesions in addition to gross and microscopic evidence of testicular hypoplasia during the postpubertal period between 4 1/2 and 5 1/2 years of age. Further observations on breeding performance and fertility are required to evaluate the long-term effects of DES in this species. PMID- 7252951 TI - Cryptococcal meningitis in pregnancy. AB - Two cases of crytococcal meningitis occurred in pregnancy. Amphotericin B was administered in the first trimester in one case, and amphotericin B and flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine) were administered in the second trimester in the second. Both cases had good fetal and maternal outcome. Combined therapy for cryptococcal infections in pregnancy is discussed. PMID- 7252952 TI - Umbilical vein thrombosis and maternal diabetes mellitus. AB - Antenatal thrombosis of the umbilical vessels is a rare phenomenon and is associated with high perinatal mortality. Chorionic vessel and perinatal renal venous thromboses occur more frequently in the offspring of diabetic mothers. Nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis is also an uncommon occurrence, the cause of which often remains obscure. A unique case of nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis occurring in the fetus of a gestational diabetic and associated with the intrauterine development of a nearly totally occlusive thrombus in the umbilical vein is presented. Etiologic considerations are discussed. PMID- 7252953 TI - Constriction of the umbilical cord as a cause of fetal demise following midtrimester amniocentesis. AB - Two cases of constriction of the umbilical cord resulting in fetal demise following midtrimester amniocentesis are presented. In both cases, real-time ultrasonography prior to amniocentesis revealed a viable fetus. Fetal demise was identified immediately following the procedure in the first case and one month later in the other. A localized constriction at the fetal end of the umbilical cord in both, with torsion of the constricted segment in the second case, was observed. Wharton's jelly was noted to be deficient in this segment of the cord in the first case. The mechanism of fetal demise is discussed. It is suggested that this abnormality should be considered when fetal demise follows midtrimester amniocentesis. PMID- 7252954 TI - Visceral giant cell arteritis limited to the female genital tract: A case report. PMID- 7252956 TI - Some orbital complications of nose and throat conditions. PMID- 7252955 TI - Oestrogen and endometrial cancer: a reappraisal. PMID- 7252957 TI - Salivary and urine theophylline levels in management of childhood asthma. AB - It is not possible to predict the plasma theophylline levels that can be achieved using slow-release aminophylline based on body weight or surface area. Improvement in FEV1 is directly related to increasing serum theophylline level, justifying the need for measuring levels in order to optimize therapy. As repeated venesection in children is unpleasant we have studied a simple method using saliva. Simultaneous blood and salivary theophylline levels correlated sufficiently well for salivary levels to be used for monitoring purposes. Urine levels did not correlate as well, but could be used for checking compliance. PMID- 7252958 TI - Blood pressure changes resulting from aortography. AB - Patients requiring aortography frequently suffer from generalized arteriosclerosis. Uncontrolled hypotension is therefore clearly undesirable, especially if associated with myocardial depression. Significant hypotension was observed following the use of conventional ionic contrast media, Urografin 370 and Cardioconray, and occurred following every injection in this study. Metrizamide, a non-ionic contrast medium, was found to be associated with a smaller fall in blood pressure of a shorter duration. PMID- 7252959 TI - Lithium in migraine and cluster headache: a review. PMID- 7252960 TI - Polymyositis and acute onset systemic sclerosis in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis: a clinical syndrome similar to the mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 7252962 TI - Induced parturition in cattle. II. Plasma oestrogen and progesterone levels. AB - Plasma oestrogen and progesterone levels were determined in cattle at the time of dexamethasone induced parturition. Oestrogen levels were elevated from the day after dexamethasone administration as well as on the day of parturition but declined rapidly to low levels on the day following parturition. Progesterone levels showed a decrease from the day of dexamethasone administration until parturition with a rapid drop to very low levels on the day following calving. These results are similar to those reported by other workers. PMID- 7252963 TI - [Rabies in Kudus]. PMID- 7252961 TI - Thyrotoxicosis presenting with choreoathetosis and severe myopathy. PMID- 7252965 TI - "Osteodystrophy II". PMID- 7252964 TI - Effect of dietary lasalocid on coccidial oocyst numbers, feedlot performance and wool growth of lambs. AB - The effectiveness of lasalocid as a coccidiostat in wool producing feedlot lambs was investigated. Significantly lower (P less than 0,001) oocyst numbers were obtained with the lasalocid diet as opposed to the controls receiving no lasalocid. No significant differences were found with regard to wool growth and related properties such as staple length, crimp, fibre thickness, clean yield and clean wool weight. The lasalocid diet improved the efficiency of feed utilization by 6%. PMID- 7252966 TI - [The composition of Merino flocks in the Republic of South Africa (author's transl)]. AB - The various sex and age components of Merino sheep flocks are analzed. Since a similar survey in 1965 the most significant difference is an increase from 40 to 52% of the mature female component. Various indicators point to an inability of the farmer to influence this slow rate of increase. The significant role which the prolonged retention of young Merino whethers on the farm plays in this respect is discussed. A higher percentage of rams during the mating period is also suggested. PMID- 7252967 TI - The transmission of Babesia canis to the wild dog Lycaon pictus (Temminck) and black-backed jackal Canis mesomelas Schreber. AB - Babesia canis was successfully transmitted from the domestic dog to 3 wild dogs Lycaon pictus and 4 black-backed jackals Canis mesomelas. Both wild dogs and black-backed jackals showed no clinical signs or clinical pathological evidence of disease. Trophozoites of Babesia canis were found in peripheral blood smears from all experimental animals. The disease was also successfully transmitted from both black-backed jackals and wild dogs to the domestic dog. PMID- 7252968 TI - [Nutritional or secondary hyperparathyroidism in a German shepherd litter]. AB - Nutritional or secondary hyperparathyroidism in a litter of German shepherd dogs is reported. The bitch lost interest in the litter 2 weeks post partum, the owner proceeded to feed the pups on a mainly meat diet (low in calcium) together with whole wheat bread (high in phosphate) until they were presented at Onderstepoort at the age of 6 weeks. Clinically the pups showed poor growth, posterior paresis and pain on palpation of the long bones. Radiological examination revealed decreased bone density and thickness of bone cortices. A diagnosis of nutritional or secondary hyperparathyroidism was made. The diet was corrected and in addition the pups were treated with a balanced supplement of calcium and phosphate with very good clinical response. The pathophysiology of nutritional or secondary hyperparathyroidism as well as ricketts and hypertrophic osteodystrophy as differential diagnoses are discussed. PMID- 7252969 TI - The ultimate ovarian cyst? PMID- 7252971 TI - Veterinary management of endurance trial rides. PMID- 7252972 TI - Exhausted horse syndrome. PMID- 7252973 TI - Veterinary problems during endurance trail rides. PMID- 7252970 TI - [Scheme for the control and eventual eradication of bovine brucellosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7252974 TI - Cyclic urea nucleosides. Cytidine deaminase activity as a function of aglycon ring size. AB - Five beta-D-ribofuranosyl cyclic urea nucleosides (14-18), ranging in ring size from five to eight membered, were synthesized and evaluated as cytidine deaminase (CDA) inhibitors. The precursor protected nucleosides (9-13) were prepared by a condensation procedure utilizing persilylated ureas with a halo sugar under the specific catalytic activity of a HgO/HgBr2 mixture which provided exclusively the beta-anomers. Catalytic hydrogenation of known 1-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta ribofuranosyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one (19) afforded nucleoside 10 identical with that obtained by the mercury-catalyzed condensation procedure. CDA activity varies significantly with the ring size of the urea aglycon the reaches its maximum level for the seven-membered analogues 16 and 17. The unexpected high potency of nucleoside 17 (Ki = 2.5 X 10(-8) M, human liver enzyme) is reported. This compound represents the most potent inhibitor of human liver CDA yet discovered. PMID- 7252975 TI - Mammalian metabolism of phencyclidine. PMID- 7252976 TI - Synthesis and preliminary antitumor evaluation of 5-iminodoxorubicin. PMID- 7252977 TI - Synthesis and evaluation of novel alkylpiperazines as potential dopamine antagonists. AB - Several alkylpiperazines, monocyclic subfragments of known tricyclic neuroleptic agents, were evaluated as dopamine antagonists in the isolated rabbit ear artery preparation. Compound prepared and evaluated are of the general structure Ar-X (CH2)n-Y, where X = C, O, and N, n = 1-3, and Y, for the most part, was 4 methylpiperazine. Those compounds where X - NH, n = 3, and X = (Z)-CH - CH, n = 2, with an electron-withdrawing group meta to the side chain, possess dopamine antagonist activity comparable to that of clozapine. It is concluded that the entire tricyclic structure of phenothiazine-like agents (or at least more than a monocyclic ring system) is necessary for optimal activity as a dopamine antagonist in the receptor preparation used in this study. PMID- 7252978 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of sulfonium analogues of dopamine: nonclassical dopamine agonists. AB - In order to test whether the nitrogen/ammonium moiety in the dopamine molecule is required for dopaminergic activity, we have synthesized two sulfonium analogues of dopamine and tested them for biological activity in an in vivo and in an in vitro system. These analogues have provided a means of investigating (1) the ability of the sulfonium function to serve as a bioisostere for the dopamine amino group and (2) whether charged molecules have the ability to bind to dopamine receptors. Both sulfonium analogues, 1 and 2, as well as dopamine, when injected directly into the striatum of rats, previously lesioned unilaterally with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), produced circling behavior. The potency of the sulfonium analogues was approximately one-tenth that of dopamine. The effects of all three compounds on circling were inhibited by the dopamine antagonist haloperidol. In addition, both sulfonium analogues inhibited the high affinity binding of radiolabeled dopamine to a crude membrane fraction prepared from the striatum. This study suggests that the nitrogen atom found in th dopamine molecule is not essential for dopaminergic activity, since the nitrogen can be replaced by a sulfonium functional group for this activity. PMID- 7252979 TI - Synthetic antagonists of in vivo antidiuretic and vasopressor responses to arginine-vasopressin. AB - Four analogues of [1-(beta-mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid),4-valine,8-D-arginine]vasopressin [d-(CH2)5 VDAVP] and four analogues of its L-arginine isomer d(CH2)5 VAVP with O-methyl-, O-ethyl, O-isopropyl, and O-n propyltyrosine substituents at position 2 were prepared by the solid-phase method using a slightly modified reoxidation procedure following deblocking with sodium in liquid ammonia to overcome losses due to insolubility. These analogues are the following: 1, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)VDAVP;2, d(CH2)5Tyr(Et)VDAVP; 3, d(CH2)5Tyr(i Pr)VDAVP; 4, d(CH2)5Tyr(n-Pr)VDAVP; 5, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)VAVP; 6, d(CH2)5Tyr(Et)VAVP; 7, d(CH2)5Tyr(i-Pr)VAVP; 8, d(CH2)5Tyr(n-Pr)VAVP. These analogues were tested for agonistic and antagonistic activities in rat antidiuretic and rat vasopressor assay systems. All eight analogues cause a transient antidiuresis when injected intravenously and effectively antagonize antidiuretic responses to subsequent injections of arginine-vasopressin (AVP). They exhibit the following antiantidiuretic pA2 values: 1, 6.68 +/- 0.11; 2, 7.10 +/- 0.08; 3, 6.88 +/- 0.07; 4, 6.67 +/0 0.05; 5, 7.35 +/- 0.06; 6, 7.57 +/- 0.06; 7, 7.32 +/- 0.10; 8, 7.29 +/- 0.07. They are also highly effective antagonists of the vasopressor responses to AVP, with antivasopressor pA2 values in the range of 7.86 to 8.44. These findings indicate tht in this series O-ethyl substitution on the tyrosine at position 2 is optimal for antiantidiuretic potency and that L-arginine is far superior to D-arginine in this regard also. Thus, d(CH2)5Tyr(Et)VAVP with an antiantidiuretic pA2 of 7.57 +/- 0.06 is the most potent of these eight antidiuretic antagonists. These are the first known effective antagonists of in vivo antidiuretic responses to AVP. They are, thus, potentially useful pharmacological tools for studies on the roles of AVP in regulating water balance in normal and pathophysiological states in animals and in humans. They also serve as excellent lead compounds for the design of even more potent antagonists for potential therapeutic use for the treatment of hyponatremia secondary to inappropriate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone (SIADH or the Schwartz-Barter syndrome). PMID- 7252982 TI - Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of N-(benzoylalkyl)imidazoles and N-(omega phenyl-omega-hydroxyalkyl)imidazoles. AB - A novel series of N-(benzoylalkyl)imidazoles and N-(omega-phenyl-omega hydroxyalkyl)imidazoles was synthesized and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity in mice against maximal electroshock induced seizures. Some of the compounds showed an activity comparable to or better than phenytoin and phenobarbital. The N-[beta-[4-(beta-phenylethyl)phenyl]-beta-hydroxyethyl]imidazole (38) was selected for further studies; preclinical toxicology and additional efficacy evaluations are in progress. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. PMID- 7252980 TI - Synthesis of peptide analogues of prothrombin precursor sequence 5-9. Substrate specificity of vitamin K dependent carboxylase. AB - Thirty-five analogues of Phe-Leu-Glu-Glu-Leu, the pentapeptide sequence 5-9 of bovine prothrombin precursor, were synthesized and assayed as potential substrates or inhibitors of rat liver vitamin K dependent carboxylase. Carboxylation of substrate was determined by measuring the incorporation of carbon-24 labeled bicarbonate into product. Changes in substrate carboxylation produced by changing peptide chain length, amino acid chirality, or the distance separating the peptide chain backbone from the carboxyl group were measured. The data suggest that the carboxylase carboxylates L-glutamic acid residues and does not carboxylate L-aspartic acid, L-homoglutamic acid, glutamine, or D-glutamic acid residues; tri-through pentapeptides are better substrates than mono- or bis(amino acid) derivatives, and hydrophobic groups added to the N-terminus can produce better substrates for the enzyme. None of the synthetic substrates is carboxylated as effectively as the endogenous protein substrates for the enzyme. The effect of structure on additional parameters affecting carboxylation is discussed. PMID- 7252981 TI - Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of asymmetric chloroquine analogues. AB - Asymmetric chloroquine analogues (1-4) were prepared of known absolute configuration in order to assess stereochemical influences on selected biological activities. Since chloroquine has been shown to possess spasmolytic properties, analogues 1-4 were tested for similar pharmacological effects on smooth-muscle contraction. The (S)- and (R)-chlorochloroquine enantiomers (1 and 2, respectively) were more potent antispasmodics than the less lipophilic (S)- and (R)-hydroxychloroquines (3 and 4, respectively) when tested against KCl- or acetylcholine-induced contractions of the isolated mouse ileum. A membrane stabilizing mechanism of action for the chloroquine analogues is proposed since neither cellular toxicity nor calcium antagonism plays a role in the spasmolytic action of these compounds. Although compounds 1-4 also inhibited PGF2 alpha induced contractions of the ileum, 1 was significantly more potent than 2; the latter in turn was equipotent to 3 and 4. It is tentatively proposed that 1 may possess stereoselective affinity for the PGF2 alpha receptor in the ileum. This observation may be further exploited to obtain more selective profiles of biological activity through molecular manipulation. PMID- 7252983 TI - N-(aminophenyl)oxamic acids and esters as potent, orally active antiallergy agents. PMID- 7252985 TI - Inhibitors of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and epinephrine biosynthesis. 3. Bis[tetrahydroisoquinoline]s. AB - 7,8-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (SK&F 64139) is a potent inhibitor of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (IC50 = 10 muM) that may have therapeutic utility in man. A series of related compounds in which two 7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4 tetrahydroisoquinoline molecules have been bridged from nitrogen to nitrogen by an unbranched alkyl chain have been prepared and have demonstrated potent inhibitory properties (0.08 to 2 muM). In contrast simple substitution on the nitrogen of 7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline with a variety of substituents gives compounds with greatly diminished inhibitory potencies (IC50 = 2 to greater than 100 muM) relative to SK&F 64139. Kinetic studies with a C6 analogue have shown that it is competitive with respect to phenylethanolamine and uncompetitive with respect to S-adenosylmethionine. The increased potency of some of the bis analogues relative to that seen with the tetrahydroisoquinolines having larger alkyl groups on nitrogen suggests that several of the bis compounds show supplemented or cooperative binding to the enzyme, presumably as a result of the second tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety. PMID- 7252984 TI - 5-Tetrazolecarboxamides and their salts: new orally active antiallergy agents. PMID- 7252986 TI - Metabolism of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea by rat hepatic microsomes. AB - The in vitro metabolism of the anticancer agent 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea (BCNU) has been studied in male Fischer 344 rat liver microsomal preparations. The previously identified product. 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea (BCU), has been shown to be the major metabolite. Stable isotope labeling and mass spectral analysis of isolated metabolites indicate that BCU is formed exclusively from the metabolic denitrosation of BCNU. The rate of BCNU chemical decomposition in rat liver microsomal preparations deficient in NADPH and the metabolic disappearance rate in preparations containing added NADPH were measured and compared with the measured rate of metabolic formation of BCU under the same conditions. The rate of NADPH-dependent BCNU metabolism and BCU formation are equal within experimental error. BCNU was found to inhibit the rat liver 9000 g supernatant metabolism of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU). PMID- 7252987 TI - 13N-labeled L-amino acids for in vivo assessment of local myocardial metabolism. AB - The hot cell synthesis of sterile, pyrogen-free 13N-labeled L-amino acids was accomplished by employing the appropriate immobilized enzymes on a CNBr-activated Sepharose support and using remote, semiautomated systems. The syntheses were completed 6-12 min after cyclotron production of [13N]ammonia. Myocardial time activity curves after intracoronary injection of 13N-labeled L-amino acids in dogs were triexponential in both normal and ischemic myocardium. Higher retention of 13N activity was observed in ischemic segments. Positron computed tomography imaging also showed increased uptake of 13N-labeled L-glutamate and L-alanine in ischemic segments compared with normal myocardium when blood flow corrections were made. Myocardial transaminases are primarily responsible for the observed retention fractions. It suggests the participation of the carbon skeletons of these amino acids in the Krebs cycle. PMID- 7252988 TI - Ordinary and extraordinary means. PMID- 7252989 TI - Focus: the wrong doctors: selection or training at fault? PMID- 7252990 TI - Learning about death: a project report from the Edinburgh University Medical School. AB - A report of a problem-based learning project on the ethics of terminal care, offered as one of the options available to first year MB ChB students in Edinburgh University Medical School. The project formed part of the 'clinical correlation course' in the new curriculum. Six students took part under the supervision of two clinical tutors and a moral philosopher. The course was case based and practical with students being given the opportunity over a period of eight weeks to meet patients, relatives and hospital staff at a local geriatrics hospital and terminal care home. The main issue studied was the degree of choice available to patients electing to be treated at home, in hospital or in a hospice. Other issues included: pre-death, disposal of the dead, certification of death, communication with relatives and follow-up bereavement services. PMID- 7252991 TI - Ethical aspects of clinical decision-making. AB - The aim of the present investigation was to describe and to classify significant ethical problems encountered by the members of the staff during the daily clinical work at a hospital medical department. A set of definitions was prepared for the purpose, including the definition of a 'significant ethical problem'. During a three month period 426 inpatients and 173 outpatients were admitted. Significant ethical problems were encountered during the management of 106 in patients (25 per cent) and 9 out-patients (5 per cent). No significant difference was found between the frequency of ethical problems in female and male patients, but a positive correlation was noted between the number of problems and the patients' age. The problem types were classified according to a problem list. The results of this investigation suggest that greater attention must be paid to discussions about ethical problems among doctors and other categories of health personnel and that, among others, medical students ought to be taught the analysis of ethical problems. PMID- 7252992 TI - Students' attitudes to ethics in the medical school curriculum. AB - A survey of 106 medical students assessing their interest in and attitudes to medical ethics in the curriculum is reported by the authors. Results indicate that 64 per cent of the students rated the importance of medical ethics to good medical care as high or critical and 66 per cent desired to learn more about the topic. However, in reports of patient encounters identifying ethical issues, less than six per cent of the students reported a frequency of more than one such patient encounter per week. The students also demonstrated a greater awareness of more obvious ethical issues than of more subtle, less publicised issues. When asked how medical ethics should be taught, the students clearly affirmed a desire for an integrated exposure to the subject throughout the medical curriculum. Possible implications of these findings for medical education are discussed. PMID- 7252993 TI - Debate: extraordinary means and the sanctity of life. PMID- 7252994 TI - Can fluids and electrolytes be 'extraordinary' treatment? PMID- 7252995 TI - Case conference. How do we teach medical ethics? PMID- 7252997 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa, metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, and brachydactyly: an affected brother and sister. AB - A brother and sister, children of normal parents are described. They had retinitis pigmentosa, causing near-blindness as a result of very narrow fields of vision, associated with metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and marked shortening of the metacarpals and terminal phalanges. Autosomal recessive inheritance is suggested with a common biochemical cause for all these defects. This apparently new association of retinitis pigmentosa with a systemic bone dysplasia emphasises that this not uncommon clinical diagnosis has a variety of different possible causes. PMID- 7252996 TI - A genetic study of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in West Midlands. AB - A study of Duchenne muscular dystrophy has shown an approximate prevalence of the disease among schoolboys to be 1 in 4000. Fifty-four families were available for genetic studies. In 19 families there were further affected cases and in 34 families the index patients was an isolated case. The proportion of affected brothers was 0.22 (11 of 50). There were 142 female relatives who had a risk of 1 in 10 or worse of being carriers: 66 of these were aged under 16. As genetic counselling is being increasingly requested by these families, and expansion of genetic services is envisaged. A genetic register, with frequent contact with families by ancillary staff, similar to that in Edinburgh, is considered desirable for the West Midlands. PMID- 7252998 TI - Two brothers with the Marden-Walker syndrome: case report and review. PMID- 7252999 TI - Homodicentric chromosomes: a distinctive type of dicentric chromosome. AB - This report describes two patients with a distinctive type of dicentric autosomal chromosome formed by breakage and union between homologous chromosomes. These stable chromosomes possess two C bands, implying the presence of two centromeric regions. The first child, evaluated for dysmorphic features was shown to have an abnormal chromosome 16, designated as 46, XX, -16, + dic (16) (pter leads to cen leads to q22::p11 leads to qter). The second case is a child with the typical features of trisomy 18 whose karyotype is designated as 46, XX, -18, + dic (18) (qter leads to p11.1 :: p11.3 leads to cen leads to qter). The stability of these chromosomes is presumably in result of centromere suppression and associated premature centromere division of the suppressed centromere. The possible mechanism of formation of these homodicentric chromosomes is presented, and a comparison is made between them and three patients with dicentric X chromosomes. PMID- 7253000 TI - Trisomy 10p produced by recombination involving maternal inversion inv(10)(pllq26). AB - An infant with features of trisomy 10p syndrome was found to have an abnormal chromosome 10: 46, XY, rec(10), dup p, inv(10) (p11q26) mat. The infant's mother was heterozygous for a pericentric inversion involving chromosome 10 (46, XX, inv (10) (p11q26). The infant's derivative chromosome was apparently produced by meiotic recombination between the inversion chromosome and its normal homologue. PMID- 7253001 TI - A 13-year-old girl with karyotype 47, XX, +i (22) (qll). PMID- 7253002 TI - Duplication-deletion with partial trisomy lq and partial monosomy 3p resulting from a maternal reciprocal translocation rcp (1;3) (q32;p25). AB - A mother with a translocation rcp (1;3) (q32;p25) gave birth to a son with duplication of 1q32 leads to qter and deletion of 3p25 leads to pter. At 17 1/2 years of age, the proband was severely mentally retarded and presented a pattern of multiple minor dysmorphic stigmata and anomalies, including hypertrichosis, synophrys, ocular hypertelorism, ptosis, convergent squint, cleft uvula nad narrow palate, poorly modelled auricles, funnel chest, kyphoscoliosis, umbilical and inguinal hernias, and cubitus valgus. He had normal stature and did not have any apparent malformations. PMID- 7253003 TI - Trisomy 14 mosaicism in a translocation 14q15q carrier: probable dissociation and isochromosome formation. AB - A case of trisomy 14q mosaicism is described and compared with three other similar reported cases. The clinical picture is characterised by severe developmental retardation, failure to thrive, and somatic abnormalities including skeletal asymmetry, high arched or cleft palate, and low set dysplastic ears. The present chromosome imbalance probably resulted from dissociation of a balanced 14q15q translocation with subsequent formation of a 14q isochromosome. PMID- 7253004 TI - Monosomy 22 with mosaicism. PMID- 7253005 TI - Variable expression in Pfeiffer syndrome. AB - A female infant with Pfeiffer syndrome (acrocephalosyndactyly V) is presented. Her mother has no limb malformations, but has craniofacial features with strongly suggest that she is also affected, although more mildly. This family indicates that wide intrafamilial variation of Pfeiffer syndrome is possible and suggests that without detailed investigation mildly affected subjects can remain undiagnosed, which may lead to erroneous genetic counselling. PMID- 7253006 TI - Risks to the offspring of patients with some common congenital heart defects. AB - The families of 424 adult index patients with ventricular septal defect, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, or combinations of these two abnormalities, were visited and interviewed, and whenever possible the children of index patients were examined clinically. Congenital heart defects were present in 9 of 308 children, 8 of 899 sibs, 4 of 840 parents, and 4 of 731 nephews and nieces of the index patients. The last three figures are likely to be underestimates owing to the design of the study. Comparison of pairs of affected relatives suggests that the group of lesions studied may have genetic determinants in common. PMID- 7253008 TI - On the effects of amphotericin B and ouabain on the electrical potentials of Necturus gallbladder. PMID- 7253007 TI - A spin label study of erythrocyte membranes during simulation of freezing. AB - Human erythrocytes were labeled with stearic acid spin labels, and no change was detected in membrane fluidity under hyperosmotic stress, going from isotonicity to about 3000 mOsm. Intact erythrocytes labeled with an androstane spin label and submitted to simulation of freezing show the onset of irreversible structural breakdown occurring in a saline solution at 2,000 mOsm. Ghosts labeled with maleimide spin label (4-maleimide-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxyl) when submitted to solutions of increasing osmolalities (pH 7.4), exhibit protein conformational changes that are irreversible after a simulated freeze-thaw cycle. After sonication of maleimide spin-labeled ghosts, membrane buried sulfhydryl groups become exposed. Such preparations showed behavior similar to the unsonicated when in saline hyperosmolal medium (pH 7.4). Such results suggest the ionic strength of the medium as the determining factor of the detected conformational changes. Maleimide spin-labeled ghosts in 300 mOsm saline solution (pH 7.4) were treated with ascorbic acid (spin destruction of nitroxides), and the kinetic analysis indicates that 65% of the labeled sites are located at the external interface of the membrane or in hydrophilic channels. Deformation and rearrangements of membrane components in solutions of increasing osmolalities apparently are related to protein conformational changes, on the outside surface of erythrocyte membranes, with a significant amount being structurally dissociated of lipids. PMID- 7253009 TI - The behavior of the fluorescence lifetime and polarization of oxonol potential sensitive extrinsic probes in solution and in beef heart submitochondrial particles. AB - The fluorescence polarization and lifetime of the extrinsic potential-sensitive probes oxonols V and VI have been investigated both for the dyes free in aqueous and ethanol solutions and in the presence of beef heart submitochondrial particles under resting and energy-transducing conditions. The emission lifetime of the dyes appears to be inversely related to the solvent dielectric constant and increases as the solvent is changed from an aqueous medium to ethanol to the biological membrane. The fluorescence decay curve becomes biphasic in the presence of the membrane preparation and consists of a faster decaying component, the lifetime of which is the same as that of the probe in aqueous solution and of a slower decaying component. The longer lived component suffers an uncoupler sensitive decrease in lifetime when ATP is added to the medium. The decrease in lifetime of the longer lived species is accompanied by large depolarizations of the dye fluorescence. These observations are consistent with a redistribution type mechanism for the energy-dependent spectral changes involving the movement of probe from the aqueous phase to the membrane vesicles. The rotational relaxation time of oxonols V and VI is increased by over an order of magnitude when these dyes associate with the membrane. This observation is consistent with a previously developed model for the location of the dyes in the bilayer in which the side chains serve as anchors, preventing the rapid tumbling of the probe in the membrane. PMID- 7253010 TI - The effect of electrical gradients on current fluctuations and impedance recorded from Necturus gallbladder. PMID- 7253013 TI - Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Mississippi: an update on an increasingly common infection. PMID- 7253011 TI - Electrical coupling among heart cells in the absence of ultrastructurally defined gap junctions. AB - Cells from the ventricles of 7-day chick embryos were aggregated into spheroidal clusters by 48 hr of culture on a gyratory platform. All aggregates beat spontaneously and rhythmically. Microelectrode impalement of widely separated cells within aggregates indicated that they were coupled, as evidenced by a mean coupling ratio (delta V2/ delta V1) of 0.81 +/- 0.09, and by simultaneity of intrinsic electrical activity (action potentials and subthreshold voltage fluctuation). In freeze-fracture preparations, the cell surfaces contained numerous small groups of intramembrane protein (IMP) particles, arranged in macular clusters, and linear and circular arrays. Using the criterion of 4 clustered IMP particles to defined a minimal gap junction, 0.27% of the total P face examined was devoted to gap junctional area. Within such clusters particles were packed at about 8200/micrometer2; in nonjunctional regions, particles were scattered at a density of about 2000/micrometer2. When exposed to cycloheximide (CHX: 50 micrograms/ml) for 24--48 hr, coupling ratio declined to 0.44. This decrease could be attributed largely to leakiness of the nonjunctional membrane. Aggregates continued to beat rhythmically and in a coordinated fashion even after 72 hr in inhibitor. However, between 3--21 hr in CHX gap junctional area declined to 0.10%, and all particle clusters disappeared from the P-faces of aggregates in CHX for 24 or 48 hr. Neither macular nor linear particle arrays were seen. We conclude that organized gap junctions are unnecessary for electrotonic coupling between embryonic heart cells. These findings support the idea that low resistance cell-to-cell pathways may exist as isolated channels scattered throughout the area of closely apposed plasma membranes. PMID- 7253012 TI - The asymmetric transmembrane distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and fatty acids of the bovine retinal rod outer segment disk membrane. AB - The transmembrane distribution of the major aminophospholipids in the bovine retinal rod outer segment disk membrane, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, was determined using a novel pair of permeable and impermeable covalent modification reagents. The values for the percentages of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine in the outer monolayer were calculated from a simple expression which takes into account the leakage of impermeable reagent into the disk lumen as monitored by the extent of labeling of lysine entrapped in the lumen. We infer from our results that at least 73 to 87% of the disk phosphatidylethanolamine and 77 to 88% of the disk phosphatidylserine are in the outer disk membrane monolayer. The fatty acid composition of the inner aminophospholipids is slightly more saturated than the outer aminophospholipids. Calculations using the lateral surface areas occupied by the disk membrane lipids suggest that 65 to 100% of the disk phosphatidylcholine is on the inner membrane surface. Since the disk phosphatidylcholine is also somewhat more saturated than the phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine of the outer monolayer, the total inner membrane monolayer fatty acid composition is more saturated than that of the outer monolayer fatty acid composition. PMID- 7253015 TI - State Board of Health looks at consolidation of programs, possible reductions. Interview by Charles L. Mathews. PMID- 7253014 TI - Radiologic seminar ccxv: computed tomography evaluation of adrenal glands. PMID- 7253016 TI - Hemoglobin Rothschild (beta 37(C3)Trp replaced by Arg): A high/low affinity hemoglobin mutant. PMID- 7253017 TI - Calorimetric, density and circular dichroism studies of the reversible structural transition in Pf1 filamentous bacterial virus. PMID- 7253018 TI - Binding of wheat germ ribosomes to bisulfite-modified reovirus messenger RNA: evidence for a scanning mechanism. PMID- 7253019 TI - Deoxyribonuclease II as a probe for chromatin structure. II. Mode of cleavage. PMID- 7253020 TI - Internal organization, boundaries and integration of Ti-plasmid DNA in nopaline grown gall tumours. PMID- 7253021 TI - Transcription units of adenovirus type 2. Termination of transcription beyond the poly(A) addition site in early regions 2 and 4. PMID- 7253023 TI - Detection in the ultracentrifuge of protein heterogeneity by computer modelling, illustrated by pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. PMID- 7253022 TI - X-ray diffraction of reconstituted collagen fibers. PMID- 7253024 TI - Polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin CHarlem (beta 6 Glu replaced by Val, beta 73 Asp replaced by Asn). The effect of beta 73 asparagine on the gelation and crystallization of hemoglobin. PMID- 7253025 TI - Arrangement of repeated sequences in the DNA of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID- 7253026 TI - Desulforedoxin: preliminary x-ray diffraction study of a new iron-containing protein. PMID- 7253028 TI - The effect of diltiazem and nisoldipine on spontaneously active human atrial tissue. PMID- 7253027 TI - Observations on preadipocytes and their distribution patterns in rat adipose tissue. AB - Microscopic examination of adipocytes isolated from adult rat epididymal adipose tissue revealed numerous small cells (less than 10 micron) morphologically similar to larger adipocytes. These small adipocytes appear identical to a new classification of adipose cells termed preadipocytes. Electron micrographs of these preadipocytes revealed examples of cells less than 10 micron in diameter in various stages of maturation and lipid accumulation. The percent distribution pattern of these small adipocytes was not significantly altered by exercise although exercise shifted the distribution patterns of the larger cells (greater than 30 micron) toward a smaller mean cell size. The quantitative significance of preadipocytes is not established but these preliminary observations indicate that adipocytes less than micron in diameter may account for a numerically greater proportion of the total adipocytes observed in collagenase isolated preparations than heretofore recognized, although their contribution to total adipose mass is probably negligible. PMID- 7253029 TI - Autophagic vacuoles in heart muscle and liver. A comparative morphometric study including circadian variations in meal-fed rats. PMID- 7253030 TI - A protective effect of coenzyme Q10 on ischemia and reperfusion of the isolated perfused rat heart. PMID- 7253031 TI - Inhibition of ouabain-induced arrhythmias of ouabain-sensitive myocardial cells (quail) by contact with ouabain-resistant cells (mouse) and its mechanism. PMID- 7253032 TI - Anoxia, calcium and contracture as mediators of myocardial enzyme release. PMID- 7253034 TI - Oligouridylates as a template for nonenzymatic synthesis of oligoadenylates. PMID- 7253033 TI - Formation of the thioester, N,S-diacetylcysteine, from acetaldehyde and N,N'diacetylcystine in aqueous solution with ultraviolet light. AB - The thioester, N,S-diacetylcysteine, is formed during the illumination of phosphate buffered (pH 7.0) aqueous solutions of acetaldehyde and N,N' diacetylcystine with ultraviolet light. The yield of N,S-diacetylcysteine relative to N-acetylcysteine and unidentified products progressively increases as ultraviolet light below 239 nm, 253 nm and 281 nm is cut off with optical filters. When ultraviolet light below 320 nm is removed with an optical filter, there is no detectable reaction. Illumination of 0.025 M N,N'-diacetylcystine with 0.5 M and 1.0 M acetaldehyde with filtered ultraviolet light gives, respectively, 20% and 80% yields of N,S-diacetylcysteine. In the reaction with 1.0 M acetaldehyde, N-acetylcysteine forms early in the reaction and later decreases with its conversion to N,S-diacetylcysteine. The prebiotic significance of these reactions is discussed. PMID- 7253035 TI - Was globin evolution very rapid in its early stages?: a dubious case against the rate-constancy hypothesis. PMID- 7253037 TI - Structural studies on HCN oligomers. AB - NMR spectral studies on the HCN oligomers suggest the presence of carboxamide and urea groupings. The release of CO2, H2O, HCN, CH3CN, HCONH2 and pyridine on pyrolysis is consistent with the presence of these groupings as well as carboxylic acid groups. No basic primary amine groupings could be detected with fluorescamine. Hydrazinolysis of the HCN oligomers releases 10% of the amino acids normally released by acid hydrolysis. The oligomers give a positive biuret test but this is not due to the presence of peptide bonds. There is no conclusive evidence for the presence of peptide bonds in the HCN oligomers. No diglycine was detected on partial hydrolysis of the HCN oligomers at pH 8.5 suggesting that HCN oligomers were not a source of prebiotic peptides. PMID- 7253036 TI - Globin evolution was apparently very rapid in early vertebrates: a reasonable case against the rate-constancy hypothesis. AB - Kimura mistook ambiguous maximum parsimony codons for wrong codons. The maximum parsimony method performed well as judged by the two classes of serine codons (which can not be connected by silent mutations) on comparing the parsimony codons for serines in human, rabbit, and mouse alpha hemoglobin chains to actual codons determined by nucleotide sequencing. In genealogical reconstructions involving 247 eucaryotic globins, the maximum parsimony distances separating the contemporary sequences show that Kimura's Poisson and Dayhoff's PAM estimates of rate of globin evolution miss most of the superimposed replacements and are therefore seriously in error. Nor is Kimura's constant rate assumption and his belief in a single origin of myoglobin supported. Lamprey myoglobin appears to be most like lamprey hemoglobin, while gnathostome myoglobin seems closest to gnathostome hemoglobin. It was found that the three types of gnathostome globins (Mb, alpha Hb, beta Hb) evolved between the shark-boney vertebrate and bird mammal ancestors at a much faster rate than from the latter ancestor to the present. The data indicate that rates were exceedingly fast during the origin of these globin chains because a high proportion of substitutions were adaptive. It was concluded that wherever strong stabilizing selection acts on a protein, somewhere in the past positive Darwinian selection must have spread the amino acid substitutions now being preserved. PMID- 7253038 TI - Evolutionary sequence divergence within repeated DNA families of higher plant genomes. I. Analysis of reassociation kinetics. AB - The higher proportion of repeated DNA sequences in the garden pea (Pisum sativum) than in the mung bean (Vigna radiata), as well as other differences between these legume genomes, are consistent with a higher rate of sequence amplification in the former. This hypothesis leads to a prediction that repeated sequence families in Pisum are mostly heterogeneous, as defined by Bendich and Anderson (1977), while Vigna families are homogeneous. An assay developed by these authors to distinguish between the two types of families, by comparison of reassociation rates at different temperatures, was utilized. The results for Vigna defied the predictions of the assay for either homogeneous or heterogeneous model. Evaluation of the kinetic data in light of the great diversity of repeated family copy numbers in both genomes enabled an interpretation of the results as consistent with heterogeneous families in Pisum and homogeneous families in Vigna. These tentative conclusions were supported by the results of a thermal denaturation (melting) assay described in the accompanying paper. PMID- 7253039 TI - Periodic correlations in DNA sequences and evidence suggesting their evolutionary origin in a comma-less genetic code. AB - Strong rhythms with a period of three bases have been seen while correlating the relative positions of purines and pyrimidines and of the four individual bases in the complete DNA sequence of the viruses phi X174, G4 and fd. Generally weaker variations of the same type have been found in the DNA virus SV40, the plasmid pBR322, the RNA virus MS2, and elsewhere in procaryotes and eucaryotes (e.g. in a ribosomal protein gene cluster of E. coli and the sea urchin histone genes). From the interrelation of four-base with purine-pyrimidine rhythms it seems that the purine-pyrimidine relationships have a basic significance. An explanation is proposed in terms of the former use of a comma-less genetic code (i.e. readable only in one frame) of the general form RNY (R = purine, Y = pyrimidine and N = purine or pyrimidine). In spite of subsequent mutation, there appears to be still enough of the primitive messages remaining to produce these periodic variations with their characteristic properties in phase and amplitude. Particularly good evidence for this hypothesis is provided by the fact that the phases for the stronger rhythms are the same in all the genomes tested and can be successfully predicted by a simple consideration of the original RNY pattern. With regard to amplitude it can be similarly foreseen which variations will be more clearly marked than others. The observed behaviour of the amplitude as the separation between correlated bases increases is also explained by the insertions, deletions and point mutations which have occurred. Additionally it is possible to account for some notable features of the non-random use of codons for the same amino acid by this theory. PMID- 7253041 TI - Mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis. Abstracts. PMID- 7253040 TI - 10th Annual ICN-UCLA Symposia. Molecular and Cellular Biology. Abstracts. February 8 - March 20, 1981. PMID- 7253042 TI - Cellular recognition. Abstracts. PMID- 7253043 TI - Structure and DNA-protein interactions of replication origins. Abstracts. PMID- 7253044 TI - Genetic variation among influenza viruses. Abstracts. PMID- 7253045 TI - Developmental biology using purified genes. Abstracts. PMID- 7253046 TI - Differentiation and function of hematopoietic cell surfaces. Abstracts. PMID- 7253047 TI - Effects of trauma and partial devascularization on protein synthesis in the avian flexor profundus tendon. AB - Destruction of the blood supply to tendons adversely affects healing of repaired flexor tendons. In cut and sutured avian flexor profundus tendons, protein synthesis was maximal on Day 10 post-trauma with a broad peak that spanned at least 12 days. Partial devascularization of cut-sutured tendons reduced protein synthesis to 43% of the value for nondevascularized-cut-sutured tendons on Day 10. Both collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis in cut-sutured tendons followed a bimodal pattern with peaks on postoperative Days 10 and 18. Collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis in partially devascularized tendons was decreased. Relative collagen synthesis, that is, the amount of collagen produced compared with the amount of all other proteins produced at the same time, was increased (Days 10 to 15) in the tendons that were cut-sutured and partially devascularized. The latter observations indicate that: 1) cutting a tendon results in increased protein synthesis; 2) partial devascularization of the cut tendon results in a lesser increase in protein synthesis; and 3) although overall protein synthesis, and collagen synthesis in particular, are reduced in partially devascularized, healing tendons, the relative amount of collagen produced is increased, emphasizing the importance of collagen to the healing tendon during the time of maximum synthesis. PMID- 7253048 TI - A comparison of the effects of skeletal trauma and surgery on the ketosis of starvation in man. AB - The increase of plasma ketone bodies (acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid) is related to the efficient protein-sparing adaptation during a total fast by healthy man. This study investigated the response to a total fast during the postinjury state. Twenty patients with skeletal or soft-tissue trauma received 3 days of carbohydrate-free intake and then 3 more days of carbohydrate intake. Control subjects were ten postoperative patients and two healthy volunteers who received similar nutritional treatment. The trauma patients lost nearly 20 gm of nitrogen/day, which was twice control, and had a resting energy expenditure of 27.07 kcal/kg, 21.4% greater than controls. Trauma was found related to an elevation in plasma glucose and to inhibit the rise in plasma ketone bodies and free fatty acids. In contrast, indirect calorimetry showed that fat contributed 63% of the nonprotein energy on the third day of fasting and injury. These data indicate that fat is utilized by the trauma patient but that fatty metabolism is abnormal compared to starvation in healthy or mildly stressed patients. PMID- 7253049 TI - Sensitivity of scintigraphy for detection of pulmonary capillary albumin leak in canine oleic acid ARDS. AB - Computerized gamma scintigraphy was shown in this study to be a sensitive technique for the detection and kinetic analysis of a pulmonary capillary protein leak. A rising lung:heart radioactivity of 'slope of injury' was found at each dose of intravenous oleic acid in dogs from 0.01 to 0.20 ml/kg (p less than 0.01). This 'slope of injury' was proportional to the dose of oleic acid (r = +0.97; p less than 0.004) and was more sensitive than changes in arterial oxygen tension, standard chest radiography, bloodless wet:dry lung weight, or alveolar epithelial membrane permeability. Only standard light microscopy and right lymphatic duct flow were able to document the leakage of protein detected by gamma scintigraphy at 0.01 ml/kg oleic acid. PMID- 7253051 TI - Multiple systems organ failure: IV. Imbalances in plasma amino acids associated with exogenous albumin in the trauma-septic patient. AB - In a survey study of septic trauma patients, the response of plasma amino acid concentration to albumin infusion was contrasted in survivors (14 patients) and nonsurvivors (11 patients). Plasma albumin levels were maintained at 3 gm/dl by albumin infusion (0-128 gm/day) because of central venous pressure/adequate circulation considerations. Survivors showed no significant increase in plasma essential amino acid concentration as a function of albumin infusion. In nonsurvivors threonine, valine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, and histidine all rose significantly (p less than or equal to 0.025) with albumin infusion. Isoleucine (8 residues/molecule albumin), in contrast to leucine (60 residues/molecule) did not increase. As a result, the ratio of isoleucine to leucine (Ile/Leu) decreased with albumin infusion from 0.47 (no albumin infused) to 0.27 (60 gm albumin/day). Survivors did not exhibit a similar response. The low Ile/Leu increased in most nonsurvivors with amino acid infusion from 0.27 (no amino acids) to 0.59 (150 gm amino acids/day). The data strongly suggest that nonsurvivors had an increased rate of albumin catabolism with subsequent amino acid release. Moreover, hypoalbuminemia treated with albumin infusion without amino acid infusion appears to produce a relative isoleucine deficiency which may detrimentally affect protein synthesis. PMID- 7253052 TI - Comparison of derived and actual transferrin: a potential source of error in clinical nutritional assessment. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of calculating transferrin from total iron-binding capacity in the nutritional assessment of burned patients. Regression analysis was used to compare total iron-binding capacity with radial immunodiffusion transferrin determinations. The method used for calculating transferrin (0.8 TIBC - 43) is a frequently published conversion formula for deriving transferrin. One hundred twenty-five data sets were obtained from 45 burned patients. Values for derived transferrin ranged from 39 to 235 mg/dl, averaging 121 mg/dl. Actual transferrin averaged 162 mg/dl, ranging from 41 to 320 mg/dl. Forty-eight actual serum transferrin samples were normal (greater than 172 mg/dl) whereas only 17 derived transferrin values were normal. While there is a correlation between total iron-binding capacity and serum transferrin (r = 0.85), to calculate transferrin according to the formula above would have resulted in significant error in the clinical assessment of the patients' nutritional status (p less than 0.001). From our studies, the formula for conversion of total iron-binding capacity to transferrin was found to be (0.68 TIBC + 21). These results suggest that the development of a universal conversion factor is not feasible. Modification of the formula may be necessary at each institution for clinically useful evaluations of serum transferrins are to be derived from iron-binding capacity for use in nutritional assessment. PMID- 7253053 TI - Upper extremity replantation: current concepts and patient selection. AB - Dramatic advances in replantation and microsurgery have somewhat altered the criteria we use in selecting patients to be candidates for upper extremity replantation surgery. We suggest that contraindications for such replantation are: presence of associated life-threatening injuries; serious anesthetic risk; preexisting medical or psychiatric problems; previous injury or disease of the amputated part; warm ischemic time greater than 6-8 hours for extremities or greater than 10-12 hours for digits; and single-digit amputations (except thumb, for grasp). Replantation is feasible when: amputated part is properly preserved; injury type is sharp amputation, mild to moderate crush, or selected avulsion, and amputation is proximal to the DIP joint. Careful preservation of the amputated part, not in dry ice, is mandatory. On an individual basis, the decision to attempt replantation rests on the prediction that the patient may have better function with such surgery than with a prosthesis. PMID- 7253055 TI - Fracture of the medial sesamoid bone of the hallux. AB - Fracture of the sesamoid bones of the hallux is rare. A case of fracture of the medial sesamoid bone is presented. The X-ray finding of an irregular line dividing the medial sesamoid bone together with typical local symptoms and signs established the diagnosis in a 17-year-old female athlete. Nonunion of the fractured sesamoid was successfully treated by extraction of the sesamoid fragments. Complete relief of pain was followed by the patients' return to full athletic activity. The diagnostic criteria and indications for operation are discussed briefly. PMID- 7253050 TI - Evaluation of splenorrhaphy: a grading system for splenic trauma. AB - Since April 1977, we have used splenorrhaphy as the procedure of choice for splenic trauma. To evaluate the efficacy of this procedure, we graded splenic injury based upon the extent of splenic repair in 77 patients with blunt abdominal trauma. This grading system is as follows: Grade 1-capsular treatment (five patients); Grade 2-capsular or parenchymal injuries requiring topical hemostatic agents (13 patients); Grade 3-parenchymal injuries requiring suture repair (nine patients); Grade 4-parenchymal injuries requiring partial splenic resection (seven patients); Grade 5-total splenic devascularization or uncontrollable bleeding from the splenic pedicle requiring splenectomy (43 patients). Twenty-nine patients had associated orthopedic injuries, and 42 patients had associated intra-abdominal or thoracic injuries. Mean operative time was 130 +/- 10 minutes. Operative time increased with severity of associated intra-abdominal injuries. Mean operative transfusion requirement was 500 +/- 100 cc of packed red blood cells. Transfusion requirements were not related to the severity of splenic injury. Twenty-three patients developed complications. Pancreatitis occurred in three patients, atelectasis of pneumonitis in eight patients, ten developed wound infections, and two patients required reoperation for small-bowel obstruction. Complication rates were not related to the degree of splenic injury. The grading system described herein provides a framework for sound clinical judgment and comparison of results in the management of splenic injuries. PMID- 7253054 TI - Diagnostic peritoneal lavage for abdominal trauma: superiority of the open technique at the infraumbilical ring. PMID- 7253056 TI - Cervical spine injuries. PMID- 7253057 TI - Transcellular migration of lymphocytes through the walls of the smooth-surfaced squamous endothelial venules in the lymph node: evidence for the direct entry of lymphocytes into the blood circulation of the lymph node. PMID- 7253058 TI - Structure of rat liver Golgi apparatus: relationship to lipoprotein secretion. PMID- 7253059 TI - [Structure of sperm flagella: particularly spermatozoa with annular mitochondria]. PMID- 7253060 TI - Relationship between chromatin and perichromatin granules in cadmium-treated isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 7253061 TI - In situ structural and functional relationships between chromatin pattern and RNP structures involved in non-nucleolar chromatin transcription. PMID- 7253062 TI - Comprehensive renal scintillation procedures in spinal cord injury: comparison with excretory urography. AB - A 131iodine orthoiodohippurate comprehensive renal scintillation procedure was performed and compared to results of excretory urography in 200 spinal cord injury patients. No severe urographic abnormalities were undetected by the comprehensive renal scintillation procedure. Only 1.4 per cent of renal units had greater than minimal pyelocaliectasis or ureterectasis in the presence of a normal radionuclide examination. A relatively large number of abnormalities were detected on the renal scintillation procedure when the excretory urogram was normal. Serial followup will be required to determine the significance of these findings but present data suggest that a comprehensive renal scintillation procedure and a plain film of the kidneys, ureters and bladder may be used for screening upper urinary tract abnormalities in lieu of an excretory urogram. This is particularly advantageous for the spinal cord injury population, since there have been no toxic or allergic reactions reported, no bowel preparation or dehydration is required and there is relatively low radiation exposure. PMID- 7253063 TI - Crossed fused renal ectopia, orthotopic multicystic dysplasia and vaginal agenesis. PMID- 7253064 TI - Primary psoas abscess: case report and review of literature. PMID- 7253065 TI - Ureteral intussusception by a fibroepithelial polyp. PMID- 7253066 TI - Inverted papilloma of the ureter. PMID- 7253067 TI - Perivesical actinomycosis presenting as an acute abdomen. PMID- 7253068 TI - Neurogenic bladder dysfunction in the Shy-Drager syndrome. PMID- 7253069 TI - The management of Shy-Drager syndrome with propantheline and intermittent self catheterization: a case report. PMID- 7253070 TI - Prostatic urethral polyps in adults: histopathologic variations and clinical manifestations. PMID- 7253071 TI - Systemic blastomycosis presenting with acute prostatic abscess. PMID- 7253072 TI - Renal cell carcinoma: long-term survival and late recurrence. AB - In a series of 506 patients with renal cell carcinoma survival was analyzed in terms of pathologic stage, histologic grade, and a combination of stage and grade. Data reveal that stage, grade and the combination are important prognostic indicators. Invasion of the renal pelvis is not an important factor in staging the disease. Women had a better survival rate than men. The prognosis for patients with dark cell tumors was no worse than that for patients with clear cell tumors when correlated with the more important factors of tumor stage and grade. Renal vein involvement alone, excluding concomitant capsular or nodal involvement, had an adverse effect on survival. Of the patients who survived 10 years from the date of nephrectomy 11 per cent had late recurrence. PMID- 7253073 TI - New self-retaining ureteral catheter. PMID- 7253074 TI - Ultrasonographic assessment of bladder tumors. I. Tumor detection. AB - A total of 37 patients with 71 bladder tumors underwent ultrasonographic examination in an attempt to evaluate its accuracy in detection of bladder tumors. Accurate detection depended on the size and location of the neoplasm. Bladder tumors less than 0.5 cm. in diameter, regardless of location, as well as those of any size located in the bladder neck or dome areas were difficult to detect. On the other hand, diagnostic accuracy was 95 per cent for tumors more than 0.5 cm. in size and situated on the posterior or lateral walls of the bladder. Thus, ultrasound is an additional diagnostic tool for detection of bladder tumors and is indicated in those cases in which cystoscopy could not be done or was not conclusive. PMID- 7253075 TI - Ultrasonographic assessment of bladder tumors. II. Clinical staging. AB - Uniformity of the echo return from the bladder wall has been demonstrated in experimental and patient studies. An infiltrating bladder tumor disrupts this uniformity. The studies also showed a sharp bladder wall outline that was less echogenic, probably representing the perivesical fat. Thus, the ultrasonographic estimation of tumor staging as related to the depth of infiltration of the bladder wall. A staging accuracy of nearly 100 per cent was found for deep tumors of the bladder wall or those penetrating extravesical structures. On the other hand, many superficial tumors were overstaged, their staging accuracy being only slightly higher than 55 per cent. However, in view of its accuracy in staging infiltrating tumors, in addition to its other already known advantages, ultrasound seems to be the method of choice in preoperative staging of tumors. We believe that it should be included in the routine protocol and should follow diagnostic cystoscopy in all cases of tumors larger than 0.5 cm. PMID- 7253076 TI - Complications of the Small-Carrion penile prosthesis: long-term followup. PMID- 7253078 TI - Insular carcinoid arising in a mature teratoma of the testis. PMID- 7253079 TI - Seminoma in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with anosmia (Kallmann's syndrome). PMID- 7253080 TI - Testicular cancer. PMID- 7253077 TI - The variable transformation in metastases from testicular germ cell tumors: the need for selective biopsy. AB - The propensity for metastatic testicular teratocarcinoma to undergo differentiation, particularly when associated with successful cancer chemotherapy, means that the histology of residual disease following chemotherapy cannot be assumed without biopsy. We present 4 cases in which biopsy of a metastasis was important in determining the management of the patient. We conclude that because of the variable nature of the transformation of metastases in testicular germ cell tumors, particularly after chemotherapy, residual disease will often need further biopsy to establish whether it represents residual malignant disease or benign transformation. PMID- 7253081 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics in transurethral prostatectomy. AB - There were 110 patients with preoperative sterile urine who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate and were included in a prospective, randomized, double-blind study that compared the effects of cefoxitin, a cephalosporin, to a placebo. The 2 treatment groups were comparable in age, weight of patient, general condition, diagnosis, preoperative instrumentation, operating time, weight of resected tissue and blood loss. Cefoxitin significantly lowered the incidence of infection, as indicated 3 and 7 days postoperatively, from 26.4 to 3.9 per cent and from 42 to 6.5 per cent, respectively. We were not able to correlate infection to age, general condition, diagnosis, operating time, preoperative instrumentation, weight of resected tissue or blood loss. No statistical difference was found between the 2 treatment groups in the incidence and degree of postoperative fever. These data suggest that prophylactic antibiotics should be administered preoperatively to uninfected patients who undergo transurethral resection of the prostate to prevent postoperative urinary tract infection. PMID- 7253082 TI - The value of computerized tomography in evaluation of pelvic lymph nodes. PMID- 7253083 TI - The bladder wash-out test in urological practice. PMID- 7253084 TI - Study of intravesical instillation of 15(S)-15 methyl prostaglandin F2-alpha in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. PMID- 7253085 TI - Predictive correlation of urodynamic dysfunction and brain injury after cerebrovascular accident. PMID- 7253086 TI - Cutaneous vesicostomy in infancy. AB - Cutaneous vesicostomy was performed on 10 infants or young children with hydroureteronephrosis. The etiology of the upper urinary tract dilatation was neurogenic bladder dysfunction secondary to myelodysplasia in 8, and severe vesicoureteral reflux and urinary sepsis in 2. The vesicostomy resulted in marked improvement in the drainage and appearance of the upper urinary tract in each child. When other methods of managing the underlying lower urinary tract dysfunction were deemed more appropriate, the vesicostomy was closed. Cutaneous vesicostomy proved to be an effective, simple and easily reversible means of treating selected infants with lower urinary tract dysfunction. PMID- 7253087 TI - Clinicopathological conference. Flank mass in a neonate. PMID- 7253088 TI - Giant echinococcal cyst of the kidney associated with hypertension evaluated by computerized tomography. PMID- 7253089 TI - Brain tumors in two free-ranging elk in Colorado. PMID- 7253090 TI - Causes of mortality among free-ranging gyrfalcons in Iceland. PMID- 7253091 TI - The efficacy of UV irradiation in the microbial disinfection of marine mammal water. AB - A study was made on the efficacy of a commercial ultraviolet (UV) sterilizer in reducing the number of bacteria and yeasts ina saline, closed-system marine mammal complex. UV irradiation was effective in lowering bacterial counts in the effluent of the unit (greater than 75% reduction), but bacteria in more remote parts of the water system reached levels equal to or greater than pre-UV counts. Yeast reduction was considerably less, and a trend similar to that of the bacteria was observed in remote sections of the water system. It is concluded that UV irradiation is of limited value in the disinfection of marine mammal water. Factors contributing to the poor performance of the sterilizer were the long recycle time of the water and lack of a residual effect. PMID- 7253092 TI - Fractures of the radius and ulna in a skeletally immature fin whale. PMID- 7253093 TI - Fenthion poisoning of wading birds. PMID- 7253095 TI - Physiologic and hematologic values in Nelson desert bighorn sheep. AB - Physiologic and hematologic values were established for two groups of free ranging Nelson desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni). Eleven sheep (Group I) were captured with a drop net, 16 sheep (Group II) were immobilized with Etorphine introduced in projectile syringes. The mean glucose level, respiration rate and leucocyte count values for Group I sheep were more than twice those observed in Group II sheep. There were no differences between the groups in the other values. Data obtained were compared to values previously established for free ranging and captive Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (O. c. canadensis), California bighorn sheep (O. c. californiana) and domestic sheep (O. aries). PMID- 7253096 TI - Hematology and serum chemistry values for captive Dorcas gazelles: variations with sex, age and health status. PMID- 7253094 TI - Cardiovascular depression and thermoregulatory disruption caused by pentothal/halothane anesthesia in the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina. AB - Anesthesia was induced in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) with an intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg thiopental sodium; this was followed by halothane (1%) anesthesia for up to 9.5 h. Cardiac output was reduced to 30% of the pre anesthesia value (from an average of 11.5 1/min to 3.5 1/min) while systemic blood pressure fell from an average of 150/110 to 80/60. Arterial oxygen partial pressures were somewhat depressed (58-72 Torr) during ventilation with air. Heart rate became stable at 90-100 beats/min. Hypothermia was an occasional problem during the first hour of anesthesia, but this trend reversed and gave way to hyperthermia during prolonged anesthesia. PMID- 7253098 TI - Mycobacterium marinum infection in Bufonidae. PMID- 7253100 TI - The Norway rat as a selective chronic carrier of Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae. AB - Laboratory raised wild Norway rat males (Rattus norvegicus) were injected with leptospires of two serovars: icterohaemorrhagiae and grippotyphosa. The development of a carrier state was monitored serologically, culturally and histologically. Rats infected with icterohaemorrhagiae developed rapidly into a chronic carrier state and shed leptospires in the urine for the duration of the experiment (220 days). At the time of necropsy, histopathologic studies showed evidence of leptospiral infections in the lumen of proximal convoluted tubules of some kidneys. Rats infected with grippotyphosa shed organisms for 40 days after inoculation; thereafter, they apparently cleared the infection. No organisms were detected histologically nor by culture at the end of the experiment (220 days). There appears to be a specific host-parasite relationship in the Norway rat towards becoming chronic carriers when infected with serotype icterohaemorrhagiae but not with grippotyphosa. PMID- 7253099 TI - Serologic evidence of leptospirosis in a southern Arizona coyote population. PMID- 7253097 TI - Ortho- and paramyxoviruses in the migratory waterfowl of Michigan. AB - Four hemagglutinating agents were isolated from 100 cloacal samples collected from migratory water foul during the 1977 hunting season in Michigan. Three of the isolates are paramyxoviruses and they show no reactivity with antisera to Newcastle disease virus. The fourth isolate is an orthomyxovirus, A/Duck/Michigan/77 (Hsw1 Nav2). Under experimental conditions two of the paramyxoviruses were recovered from the intestinal tract of chicks, and the third paramyxovirus was recovered from both the respiratory and intestinal tract of chicks. One paramyxovirus was pathogenic for chicks. The type A influenza virus was recovered from both the respiratory and intestinal tracts of chicks and caused subclinical infections. PMID- 7253102 TI - Occult filariasis in crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos Brehm) infected with Splendidofilaria caperata Hibler, 1964 (Nematoda: Filarioidea). AB - Adult Splendidofilaria caperata Hibler, 1964 were found in the tunica media of the pulmonary arteries of 21% of 341 crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos Brehm) wintering in southern Ontario, Canada. Microfilariae of S. caperata were not observed in the peripheral blood or in skin snips of infected crows. Microfilariae were rarely found in lung blood and then only in small numbers. Microfilariae were apparently overcome in the wall of the pulmonary artery; chronic inflammation was associated with their presence in arterial tissue. Crows apparently acquire S. caperata from insects that hae fed on birds in which a microfilaraemia does develop. PMID- 7253103 TI - Prevalence of Cuterebra emasculator in squirrels in Mississippi. AB - Between 1977 and 1979, 1,997 gray squirrels (Scriurus carolinensis) and 290 fox squirrels (S. niger) were examined for Cuterebra emasculator myiasis. Approximately 19% of the gray and 5% of the fox squirrels were infested with 1.9 and 2.5 larvae per host, respectively. Myiasis was seen between 14 August and 29 October. Peak infestations occurred in the second week of September. Adult and subadult squirrels had higher infestations than juveniles. Multiple infestations occurred in 51% of the hosts. Larval development sites were most prevalent in the axillary and back regions. The parasite was most prevalent in bottomland or flatland topography and hardwood habitat in east-central Mississippi. Fecundity of four virgin female flies averaged 771 eggs. PMID- 7253101 TI - Serologic evidence of Anaplasma marginale infection in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Missouri. PMID- 7253104 TI - Systemic phycomycosis and multiple fibromas in a gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). PMID- 7253105 TI - A survey of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) for evidence of Moraxella bovis infection. PMID- 7253106 TI - An analysis of bony changes following trauma to a black bear mandible. PMID- 7253108 TI - A drink a night keeps slumber at bay. PMID- 7253107 TI - Ventricular arrhythmias may not be primary cause of sudden death. PMID- 7253110 TI - Detection of lung cancer. PMID- 7253109 TI - Medical science team to climb Mt Everest. PMID- 7253111 TI - Intestinal obstruction from pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. PMID- 7253112 TI - Comparison of nephrotoxicity of tobramycin and gentamicin. PMID- 7253113 TI - Effect of sweating. PMID- 7253114 TI - Retarded cleavage rates of preimplantation monkey embryos in vitro. AB - We describe disparities of cleavage rates in vitro vs in vivo using monkey embryos. Embryos were recovered from living monkeys by retrograde irrigation of the Fallopian tubes after spontaneous ovulation and normal fertilization in vivo. Cleavage rates of the embryos were studied in vitro, employing two culture media. The progression of embryonic development was compared with that in the natural setting (in vivo). The findings indicate that monkey embryos developing in vitro kept pace with the expected time course for only about 24 hours; indeed, extracorporeal conditions using either culture medium were insufficient to sustain normal cleavage rates thereafter. The asynchrony between cleavage rates in the two milieus may contribute substantially to perinidatory embryo wastage and subsequent implantation failure, even after successful in vitro fertilization. PMID- 7253116 TI - Learning forestry out of the lumberyard. A training alternative for primary care. AB - Undergraduate clinical training typically involves short-term "rotations" in a tertiary care health center. While such a structure is highly conducive to learning in various specialties, it is particularly limiting to the student's acquisition of the wide array of clinical abilities necessary for primary care. An alternative model is the use of a long-term preceptorship in a primary care setting. This provides training with a more representative patient population and offers a richer clinical experience. An example of this model is a Minnesota program that allows third-year undergraduate medical students to spend nine to 12 months in select primary care settings while receiving ongoing teaching visits from university faculty in major specialty areas. The model can be a legitimate alternative for clinical education of primary care physicians. PMID- 7253115 TI - Management of the fetus with a urinary tract malformation. AB - Obstetric sonography revealed urinary tract malformations in 13 fetuses. Six had severe dysplastic lesions incompatible with postnatal life; in all six, oligohydramnios and inability to detect normal kidney or bladder allowed appropriate counseling and management. Four fetuses had unilateral lesions (three hydronephrotic, one multicystic); all had evidence of adequate contralateral function and were successfully treated after delivery near term. Three fetuses had bilateral hydronephrosis secondary to urethral obstruction. The two who were born near term died of hypoplastic lungs, end-stage hydronephrosis, and facial and skeletal deformities. The other, electively delivered at 32 weeks, had none of the stigmata of Potter's syndrome, and early decompression salvaged sufficient renal function for survival. Prenatal sonographic assessment of urinary tract anatomy and function can improve perinatal management. The fetus with hydronephrosis may benefit from early decompression. PMID- 7253118 TI - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. Morphological changes suggesting a viral cause. AB - A 47-year-old man with a history of industrial exposure and interstitial lung disease was admitted for acute pulmonary decompensation. Clinical course was characterized by severe dyspnea at rest, fever, hypoxemia, and elevated pulmonary arterial pressures. At autopsy, pulmonary problems were explained by a selective veno-occlusive process. Associated with pulmonary phlebitis was cerebral vasculitis and lymph node enlargement with erythrophagocytosis suggesting underlying viral infection. Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease should be considered in cases of pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension with cor pulmonale, and pulmonary edema and congestion with normal left atrial pressures. PMID- 7253117 TI - Health hazards associated with alcohol consumption. PMID- 7253119 TI - Gonococcal endocarditis with penicillin-induced bone marrow hypoplasia. Role of echocardiography. PMID- 7253120 TI - Cholestatic hepatitis caused by penicillamine. PMID- 7253121 TI - Soft-tissue abscesses in a diabetic patient. Localization by gallium citrate Ga 67 scanning and sonography. PMID- 7253122 TI - Once more, with feeding. PMID- 7253123 TI - Gas in soft tissues of forearm in an 18-year-old emotionally disturbed diabetic. PMID- 7253124 TI - Localization of the 'biological clock' in the brain. PMID- 7253125 TI - Easy 'cures' for cancer still find support. PMID- 7253126 TI - 'Rebound headache' from ergotamine withdrawal. PMID- 7253127 TI - From the NIH: Analgesic-associated nephropathy: An underrecognized but preventable renal disorder. PMID- 7253129 TI - Postgastrectomy muscle cramps: a syndrome or coincidence? PMID- 7253130 TI - Bowenoid papulosis. PMID- 7253128 TI - From the NIH: Cholesterol and noncardiovascular mortality. PMID- 7253131 TI - Can sulfonylureas induce cardiotoxicity? PMID- 7253132 TI - Treatment of skin carcinoma of the face and neck. PMID- 7253134 TI - Are intracardiac injections proved safe? PMID- 7253133 TI - Cobalamin radioassays. PMID- 7253135 TI - Jejunal gallstone ileus-distorted cholecystoduodenal fistula. PMID- 7253136 TI - 'Catch-22s' for family physician educators. PMID- 7253139 TI - Impact of peer review in reduction of permanent pacemaker implantations. AB - Because of a sharp increase in the number of permanent pacemakers inserted at The Brooklyn Hospital between 1972 and 1976, a peer-review committee was established to monitor subsequent pacemaker implantation. Total initial implants declined from 48 to 22 per year in the two years that followed. The number of implantations for sinoatrial bradycardias declined from 50 to 27 and the number of implantations for intraventricular conduction defects declined from 32 to five in the two years after peer review, compared with the two years before. There was no change in the number of pacemakers implanted for complete or advanced heart block. Almost 10% of patients who received a pacemaker between 1972 and 1976 had other conditions that might have accounted for the events that precipitated the decision to implant a pacemaker. The symptoms for which the pacemaker was implanted persisted in 19% of patients, despite a normally functioning pacemaker system. Patients receiving a permanent pacemaker before peer review had a 17% one year and a 43% three-year mortality. When a more critical patient selection process was instituted, a smaller percentage remained symptomatic (9% vs 19%) and three-year survival rate was improved (86% vs 57%). From 1977 through 1978, when permanent pacemaker implantations declined, the number of hospital, medical service, and coronary care unit admissions increased. It is concluded that peer review can have substantial impact on permanent pacemaker implantations. PMID- 7253137 TI - Clinical manifestations of toxic shock syndrome. AB - Twenty-two women aged 13 to 44 years (mean, 22 years) with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) were hospitalized in Madison, Wis, between Aug 1, 1977, and Sept 1, 1980. Disease onset occurred during menses in 21 patients; all recovered. Notable sequelae included vocal cord paralysis and impaired finger sensation in two patients and recurrent disease in three. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were grown from the cervix or vagina in 11 of 12 women cultured. Previously undescribed features included vulvar cellulitis, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hypocholesterolemia, hyponatremia, lymphocytopenia, hypoferrinemia, and late convalescent hair and nail loss. Patients requiring dopamine hydrochloride had worse renal function, longer hospitalizations, and higher total serum bilirubin levels, and clinical onset earlier in menses. Originally reported in children, TSS now appears to be primarily a disease of menstruating women in whom recurrences are possible. PMID- 7253138 TI - Diminished operative morbidity and mortality in renal revascularization. AB - From 1974 to 1980, one hundred consecutive patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease underwent revascularization. There were two operative deaths and eight postoperative complications. This low operative morbidity is attributed to preoperative screening, correction of existing coronary or cerebrovascular disease, and reliance on methods of revascularization that obviate operation on a badly diseased aorta. The results in 78 patients with renovascular hypertension were 40% cured, 51% improved, and 9% failed. In 22 patients in whom revascularization was performed to preserve renal function, the postoperative serum creatinine levels were improved in 19 patients, remained stable in two patients, and increased in one patient. PMID- 7253140 TI - Acanthosis nigricans and autoimmune reactivity. PMID- 7253141 TI - Muscle involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7253142 TI - Abrupt cessation of high-dose imipramine treatment in children. PMID- 7253143 TI - 'Rocker-bottom thymus'. A new sign of pneumomediastinum in the neonate. PMID- 7253144 TI - The fetus as patient: ethical issues. PMID- 7253145 TI - Management of the fetus with a correctable congenital defect. PMID- 7253146 TI - The psychological problems of Vietnam veterans. PMID- 7253147 TI - Methaqualone abuse implicated in injuries, deaths nationwide. PMID- 7253148 TI - Kawasaki disease termed "rising pediatric dilemma". PMID- 7253149 TI - Kawasaki often characterized by fever, joint problems. PMID- 7253152 TI - Pituitary apoplexy. PMID- 7253151 TI - Dog bit wounds. PMID- 7253150 TI - Management of dog bite wounds. PMID- 7253154 TI - Periorbital hyperpigmentation. PMID- 7253153 TI - Allergic shiners. PMID- 7253155 TI - Complications of local corticosteroid injections. PMID- 7253156 TI - Roller disco neuropathy. PMID- 7253157 TI - Science and the "Human life bill". PMID- 7253158 TI - Criteria for hospitalizing children who have ingested products containing hydrocarbons. AB - The clinical records of 950 children who ingested products containing hydrocarbons were reviewed. Eight hundred children were asymptomatic at the time of the initial evaluation and remained so during a six-to eight-hour period of observation. All had normal chest films, and all were treated as outpatients. One hundred fifty other children were admitted to the hospital; 79 were symptomatic at the time of initial medical evaluation and had abnormal chest roentgenograms. Seventy-one other children were asymptomatic but had roentgenographic evidence of pulmonary involvement (36) or had had pulmonary symptoms before arriving at the medical facility (35). Complications (seven) occurred only in symptomatic children who had roentgenographic evidence of pneumonia. These data suggest that the majority of children who are brought for medical evaluation after ingesting hydrocarbon-containing substances do not experience pulmonary complications and therefore do not require hospitalization. Only children who are symptomatic at the time of initial medical evaluation or who became symptomatic during a six- to eight-hour observation period require hospitalization. PMID- 7253159 TI - The employee health service and infection control in US hospitals, 1976-1977. I. Screening procedures. AB - To assess the extent to which US hospitals have established employee health services with infection control functions, we analyzed information obtained in the SENIC Project (Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control) from interviews with hospital officials and staff nurses in a representative sample of 433 hospitals. Sixty-eight percent of hospitals had a formal employee health service. The percentage routinely screening employees varied widely from the more common tests, such as the yearly chest roentgenogram (89%) and skin test (83%), to less common tests, including stool cultures (43%) and blood testing for hepatitis B (41%) and rubella (33%); 40% routinely obtained cultures of personnel. Although most hospitals appear to screen adequately, a sizeable minority either fail to employ recommended screening tests or continue unnecessary, expensive ones. PMID- 7253161 TI - Smoking, coronary artery occlusion, and nonfatal myocardial infarction. AB - The association of smoking with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) was studied in 3,997 men who had coronary arteriography. The patients were subdivided into groups based on coronary occlusion (minimal, moderate, or severe) and plasma cholesterol level (low, moderate, or high). For men older than 50 years, smoking was significantly associated with MI in each occlusion group. For men younger that 50 years, the association was significant for men with moderate or severe occlusion. In the presence of higher cholesterol levels there was a stronger association of smoking with MI, but weaker association association of smoking with coronary occlusion. These results suggest that the association of smoking with MI does not depend primarily on the atherogenic effect of smoking. The association seems to be enhanced by high levels of coronary occlusion and cholesterol. PMID- 7253160 TI - Oral clonidine loading in hypertensive urgencies. AB - The response to oral clonidine hydrochloride loading in 36 severely hypertensive patients is presented. Each patient initially received 0.2 mg of clonidine hydrochloride, followed by 0.1 mg each hour until a dose of 0.7 mg had been given, or the diastolic blood pressure (BP) reached a predetermined goal (110 mm Hg or total fall of at least 20 mm Hg). Only two patients (6%) failed to reach this goal. Supine BP in the group fell from 212 +/- 22 (SD)/139 +/- 11 (SD) mm Hg to 151 +/- 21 (SD) mm Hg at six hours. The average dose of clonidine required was 0.45 mg and control was maximized at five hours. The response to oral clonidine loading in the individual patient was not predictive of the eventual dose of clonidine necessary to achieve acceptable BP control at two weeks. Oral clonidine loading is safe and effective in the management of "hypertensive urgencies" and offers several advantages over parenteral antihypertensive agents in this clinical situation. PMID- 7253163 TI - The gallbladder in polycystic liver disease. PMID- 7253164 TI - Renal papillary necrosis caused by long-term ingestion of pentazocine and aspirin. PMID- 7253162 TI - Foreign medical graduates and graduate medical education. AB - Since 1975 the flow of foreign medical graduates (FMGs) into US graduate medical education programs has been declining as a result of several factors, primarily because of the more stringent entrance requirements mandated by the 1976 Health Professions Educational Assistance Act (PL 94-484). From 1975 to 1979 the percentage of FMGs in US residencies has declined from 28.5% to 20.4%, a decline of 20.5%. Even more dramatic was the 73.4% decline in exchange visitor FMG residents. Partially offsetting these declines were the increases registered by US medical graduates and US citizen FMGs, resulting in fewer unfilled approved residency positions during the four-year period. However, it is doubtful if these increases are sufficient to meet replacement needs, especially in several metropolitan areas, specialties, and hospitals. The waiver of certain requirements of PL 94-484 may need to be extended to aid transition to decreased dependence of FMGs. PMID- 7253166 TI - Cigarettes, coronary occlusions, and myocardial infarction. PMID- 7253167 TI - The generation gap. PMID- 7253169 TI - Fluoroscopically guided percutaneous bone biopsy. PMID- 7253165 TI - Haemophilus parainfluenzae septic arthritis in an adult. PMID- 7253168 TI - Hematuria: algorithms for diagnosis. I. Hematuria in the child. PMID- 7253170 TI - Indications and contraindications for exercise testing. PMID- 7253171 TI - Seeking 'critical difference' in malignant melanoma. PMID- 7253172 TI - Human rabies reported for first time in almost two years. PMID- 7253173 TI - Arthritis may follow jejunoileal surgery. PMID- 7253174 TI - Interaction of antibiotics with vitamin K. PMID- 7253175 TI - Pappenheimer bodies and spuriously elevated platelet counts. PMID- 7253176 TI - Snakebite revisited. PMID- 7253177 TI - Treatment of endometrial cancer. PMID- 7253178 TI - 'A-pin-dicitis' and liver abscess. PMID- 7253179 TI - Coffee and pancreatic cancer. The problems of etiologic science and epidemiologic case-control research. PMID- 7253180 TI - The Employee Health Service and Infection Control in US hospitals, 1976-1977. II. Managing employee illness. AB - To assess the methods being used in US hospitals to prevent the spread of contagious illnesses from hospital employees to patients, we analyzed information obtained in the SENIC Project (Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control) from interviews with hospital officials and staff nurses. In general, staff nurses and their first-line supervisors appeared to be unfamiliar with some published recommendations outlining when an illness or exposure should exclude them temporarily from patient contact. The infection control nurse had authority to exclude employees in fewer than half of the hospitals. Although employees would be financially penalized in less than 10% of hospitals for missing work on account of a contagious illness, staff nurses in larger hospitals were more reluctant to consult the employee health service if they believed they would lose pay. PMID- 7253182 TI - Retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage due to talc emboli. PMID- 7253181 TI - Encephalopathy following jejunoileostomy. AB - A neurological syndrome characterized by episodes of confusion, slurred speech, and unsteadiness is described in patients who have undergone jejunoileostomy for obesity. This syndrome has been noted in seven of 110 patients studied, although it may be more common. It appears to subside spontaneously or may respond to oral food restriction, with or without intravenous fluid plus vitamins and minerals. Episodes tend to recur in a given patient. Reversible changes in the EEG have been observed. Pertinent clinical and laboratory findings are described but no definite etiologic factor has been identified. The possible mechanisms involved in this syndrome of metabolic encephalopathy following jejunoileostomy are discussed. PMID- 7253183 TI - Granulomatous hepatitis associated with jejunoileal bypass surgery. PMID- 7253184 TI - Outbreak of pseudomonas paucimobilis in an intensive care facility. AB - During a two-month period, six patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) were colonized or infected with Pseudomonas paucimobilis, a newly described bacterial species. To our knowledge, the epidemic organism has not been found previously in these units. The bacterium was usually recovered from the sputum of persons receiving ventilatory assistance and represented transient colonization. One patient had a symptomatic urinary tract infection. The outbreak was confined to two of the ICUs. Cultures of respiratory equipment were negative, but P paucimobilis was recovered from the ICU hot water line. Water bottles used for rinsing tracheal suction connecting tubing were found to contain P paucimobilis organisms. This resulted from refilling with tap water. No further cases were found during a 20-month follow-up period, when a uniform tracheal suctioning policy was developed. PMID- 7253187 TI - Hematuria: algorithms for diagnosis. II. Hematuria in the adult and hematuria secondary to trauma. PMID- 7253188 TI - The dilemma of Morbid Obesity. PMID- 7253186 TI - Dangerousness as the criterion for involuntary hospitalization: a time to reassess. PMID- 7253189 TI - Proceedings of the 45th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society. March 27-29, 1981, Tokyo. Abstracts. PMID- 7253185 TI - Jejunoileal bypass: pass it by. PMID- 7253190 TI - [Experience with intravenous drip infusion of amikacin in urological field (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253191 TI - [Clinical results of cefadroxil in children and pharmacokinetics of the drug (author's transl)]. AB - Cefadroxil was administered orally at a daily dose of 30-40 mg/kg to 8 cases of the infection of upper respiratory tract mainly due to beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, and efficacy was obtained in 7 cases, this rate being considered to be satisfactory, though the cases were too few to reach a conclusion. As to pathogens of bacterial infection of upper respiratory tract, beta-hemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus were encountered especially frequently, and in view of antibacterial activity against these 2 bacteria, our results could be approved. Further investigations should be performed carefully, however, to determine if cefadroxil may be a drug of first choice in the treatment of severe bacterial pneumonia and pyothorax. No side effects were observed throughout our treatment, though digestive tract disorders, especially diarrhea, are most frequent in literatures. As to pharmacokinetical characteristic of cefadroxil, almost the same results were obtained to other reports, though our data are insufficient as our experience was limited in only 1 case. Serum levels were determined after 35.7 mg/kg of cefadroxil were administered once orally, and a peak of about 38 mcg/ml appeared 2 hours later, and a high level of about 30 mcg/ml was maintained at 5 hours, though an oral dose was high. Efficacy for large area of bacterial infections may be expected from these serum levels. From urine collected simultaneously, about 74% of cefadroxil was recovered within more than 4 hours. This showed that cefadroxil was well absorbed from digestive tract, and a major part was excreted rapidly through kidney. From the results of our experiment, characteristics of cefadroxil may be summarized as follows. Cefadroxil is absorbed well after oral administration, antibacterial action is fully expected from serum level, a major part is excreted through kidney, and clearance is good. Cefadroxil will be recommended especially for bacterial infections of upper respiratory tract due to beta-hemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7253192 TI - [Clinical experience with cefadroxil dry syrup in pediatric infections (author's transl)]. AB - Cefadroxil was administered to 16 pediatric patients at dose levels ranging from 27 to 56 mg/kg daily for 5-9 consecutive days. Of 16 patients, 9 had urinary tract infections including 5 cases with nephrotic syndromes, 4 had respiratory tract infections including 2 cases with nephrotic syndromes, 3 had skin infections including 2 cases of pyoderma and 1 case of suppurative gingivitis, including 1 case with nephrotic syndrome. Clinical results obtained were 9 'excellent', 4 'effective' and 3 'ineffective' showing an efficacy ratio of 81%. Of 9 urinary tract infections, 5 patients exhibited bacteriuria and 3 had original pathogens persisting after treatment. In respiratory tract, skin and gingival infections, cefadroxil was either 'excellent' or 'effective' in all 7 patients. The above results demonstrate a distinctive feature of cefadroxil that attains a good cutaneous distribution after oral administration. The absorption of the drug was not adversely affected by a food intake. No significant side effects were observed in all 16 patients. Judging from our clinical results, cefadroxil is considered one of the valuable cephalosporin antibiotics in the treatment of pediatric infections. PMID- 7253193 TI - [Clinical results of cefadroxil in pediatric field (author's transl)]. AB - Cefadroxil was administered at a daily dose of 50 mg/kg in 113 children including acute respiratory tract infections suspected to be a bacterial infection and other febrile diseases. Among 41 cases in which pharyngeal culture was made twice before and after administration or urine and feces cultures were made, 20 cases (48.8%) were good bacteriologically, 5 cases (12.2%) were poor, and 16 cases (39.0%) were unknown. Clinical efficacy was obtained in 105 cases (92.9%) out of 113 cases. Microbial substitution was noticed in 12 cases (29.3%) out of the cases of which pharyngeal culture was made after cefadroxil administration. Haemophilus influenzae was detected newly after the administration in 7 cases (58.3%) out of these 12 cases. Bacteriological efficacy was obtained in 5 cases of acute respiratory tract infection of which pathogen was considered to be Haemophilus influenzae. No microbial substitution was noticed in these 5 cases. As to the side effects of cefadroxil administration, only a slight diarrhea was observed in 2 cases. PMID- 7253195 TI - [Clinical investigations of cefadroxil in the infections of children (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical investigations were performed on clinical effects of cefadroxil, and the following results were obtained. 1. Cefadroxil was administered at a daily dose of 30 mg/kg divided into 3 times in 24 cases of acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis, and clinical results were obtained; remarkably excellent in 8 cases, good in 13 cases, and poor in 3 cases. 2. It was suggested, though the case numbers were limited, that higher efficacy may be obtained in urinary tract infection. 3. No noteworthy side effect was observed throughout all 29 cases, and cefadroxil will be expected to be administered safely in pediatric field. PMID- 7253196 TI - [Therapeutic experience with cefadroxil syrup in acute infections, especially scarlet fever, in pediatric field (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical effects were investigated on cefadroxil powder for syrup (containing 100 mg of cefadroxil per 1 g) for acute bacterial infections (mostly scarlet fever) in the field of pediatrics, and the results were obtained as follows. Cefadroxil was applied in 100 cases of scarlet fever. Among 49 cases administered 30-39 mg/kg/day, the results were excellent in 34 cases and good in 15 cases, efficacy ratio being thus 100%. Among 38 cases administered 40-49 mg/kg/day, the results were excellent in 33 cases, and good in 5 cases, efficacy ratio being thus 100%. Out of 4 cases administered 20-29 mg/kg/day, the results were excellent in 3 cases and good in 1 case, while out of 9 cases administered 50-59 mg/kg/day, excellent in 4 cases and good in 5 cases. Among 78 cases of scarlet fever from which beta-hemolytic Streptococcus was proven from swab liquid of palatal tonsil, 67 cases received cefadroxil at a daily dose of 30-49 mg/kg, and the bacteria turned to negative the next day of administration in 72 cases, 2 days later in 6 cases. Cefadroxil was administered at a daily dose of 46 mg/kg for 7 days in 1 case of SSS syndrome of which Staphylococcus aureus was proven from skin lesion, and local bacteria turned to negative, as well as clinical effect was excellent. No pathogen was proven in 1 case of acute tonsillitis, maybe because ampicillin (ABPC) and cefazolin (CEZ) were administered before cefadroxil treatment, and yet a clinical efficacy was judged by administering cefadroxil at a daily dose of 46 mg/kg, though no clinical improvement was observed with the prior antibiotics. As to the side effects of cefadroxil in 102 cases, a slight vomiting was noticed in 6 cases, though the administration could be continued, and a slight rise of GOT or GPT was observed respectively in 3 cases and 1 case, all of which were recovered without abnormal clinical findings. Among the patients of scarlet fever, after beta-hemolytic Streptococcus became negative, reelimination or recurrence was noticed in 2 cases, but these patients were cured completely by readministration of cefadroxil or administration of amoxicillin (AMPC). Cefadroxil powder for syrup was absorbed quite well, its serum levels were maintained for long, and it was easily administered in children. Considering from its superior antibacterial activity, cefadroxil may be expected to be useful for a remedy in slight or middle infections of children. PMID- 7253194 TI - [Clinical investigation of cefadroxil in pediatric field (author's transl)]. AB - (1) Cefadroxil powder for syrup was administered in 24 cases of respiratory tract infection and urinary tract infection, and the efficacy was obtained in 21 cases, effective ratio being 87.5%. (2) Clinical effect could be obtained satisfactorily at a daily dose of 10-15 mg/kg divided into 3 times after each meal. (3) As to the side effect, GOT and GPT rose in 1 case, and stomatitis in 1 case, though the patients returned to normal after discontinuation of the drug. (4) Haemophilus appeared by pharyngeal culture after administration of the drug, and attention should be paid on an alteration of pharyngeal flora. PMID- 7253198 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of cephaloridine (author's transl)]. AB - I studied on absorption and excretion of cephaloridine. Cephaloridine was administered intravenously to 5 healthy volunteers weighing 65 kg to 83 kg, and the blood levels were measured. A cross over test subjecting 2 grams intravenous drip infused for 1 hour against the same dose for 2 hours were performed after 1 week interval. The disposition of cephaloridine was estimated by applying one compartment model which was scaled from YOKOKAWA & HULET PACKARD'S disc top computer. Pharmacokinetic parameters are as followings: 1 hour d.i.v.: Kel 1.410 (hr-1), Vd 9.629(L), T 1/2 30.290 (min.) 2 hours d.i.v.: Kel 0.876 (hr-1), Vd 21.106(L), T 1/2 49.372 (min.). PMID- 7253197 TI - [Some investigations on cefadroxil dry syrup (author's transl)]. AB - MIC of cefadroxil (CDX) against A group beta-Streptococcus was distributed between 0.05-0.2 microgram/ml, that is, more susceptible than cephalexin (CEX) an cefaclor (CCL), and susceptible to tetracycline (TC), erythromycin (EM), lincomycin (LCM) resistant strains. Serum level was higher than CCL administered orally at the same dose, and urinary excretion ratio after oral administration was good similarly to CEX and CCL. Patients treated were mostly scarlet fever and upper respiratory tract infections as acute tonsillitis and lacunar tonsillitis. They responded well to CDX at a daily dose of 30 mg/kg divided into 3-4 times. All cases of scarlet fever became normal temperature within 2 days. Among 14 cases in which A group beta-hemolytic Streptococcus was detected by pharyngeal sputum culture at admission, 11 cases became negative on the 1st day. This result was superior to CEX, when this drug was administered orally at a daily dose of 40 60 mg/kg, bacteria became negative at the ratio of 73.3% on the 2nd day. CDX was effective for acute tonsillitis, lacunar tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, impetigo and maxillary lymphadenitis in which numerous A group beta-Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae were proven, as well as for acute urinary tract infection due to Escherichia coli. Clinical results of CDX in totalling 69 cases were excellent in 63 cases, good in 6 cases, efficacy ratio being 100%. No local nor systemic side effects were observed in 69 cases including maximum 11 days' treatment, as well as no effect was noticed on hepatic and renal functions. From the above results, it was concluded that satisfactory treatment results may be obtained with CDX dry syrup for children at a daily dose of 20-50 mg/kg divided into 3-4 times in acute infections due to CDX susceptible pathogens. PMID- 7253202 TI - [54th Congress of the Japanese Society for Bacteriology. Abstracts]. PMID- 7253200 TI - [Clinical studies of cefoxitin for the treatment of chronic respiratory tract infections (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Serum and sputum concentrations of cefoxitin were measured at fixed intervals following a one hour drip infusion of 2 g to a total of three patients with chronic respiratory tract diseases. The peak levels in serum were found to be 142.1-273.6 microgram/ml at the end of the infusion and those in sputum were found to be 0.92-2.30 microgram/ml at 2 to 4 hours after initiation of the infusion. 2. Cefoxitin was administered to a total of five patients with chronic respiratory tract infections who had failed to respond to the previous treatments with conventional antibiotics. The results were that in one case the therapeutic effect was judged as excellent, in three cases as good, and in one case it was difficult to evaluate. In all cases, there was no significant abnormality indicative of side effects regarding clinical symptoms and laboratory tests of renal and hepatic functions. In a view of the findings stated above, it is considered that cefoxitin is a new antibiotic which can be used for the treatment of chronic respiratory tract infections. PMID- 7253199 TI - [Clinical evaluation of ceftezole (Celoslin) for respiratory infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253203 TI - [Significance of ECG changes in the early stage of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7253201 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of ampicillin and carbenicillin in the cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits with staphylococcal meningitis with reference to half-lives and areas under the curve. AB - Pharmacokinetic differences between ampicillin and carbenicillin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were evaluated in experimental staphylococcal meningitis in rabbits after a single intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg dose of each drug. Half-lives (T 1/2) in CSF and CSF/serum ratios of T 1/2 were 52 minutes and 2.1 for ampicillin and 23 minutes and 1.3 for carbenicillin, respectively. These findings indicate that ampicillin is eliminated from CSF more slowly than carbenicillin. Penetration rates were calculated from CSF/serum ratios of area under the curve (AUC) and were 16.8% for ampicillin and 11.6% for carbenicillin, although the maximum concentration (Cmax) of carbenicillin in CSF was twice as high as that of ampicillin. Thus the penetration rate appeared to be influenced more by T 1/2 in CSF than by Cmax. Cmax in CSF was obtained at 15 minutes for carbenicillin and 30 minutes for ampicillin. As to carbenicillin there were considerable individual variations in CSF levels. The above observations suggest that T 1/2 and AUC in CSF are important parameters when evaluating the usefulness of an antibiotic in the treatment of bacterial meningitis. PMID- 7253204 TI - [Significance of echocardiography in the diagnosis of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7253207 TI - [Mobile coronary care units: their function and future]. PMID- 7253205 TI - [Significance of serum enzymes in the diagnosis of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7253206 TI - [Myocardial infarct: monitoring the ECG for the outpatient]. PMID- 7253208 TI - [Blood pressure changes and myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7253209 TI - [Blood viscosity and myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7253210 TI - [Myocardial infarct: present status of anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 7253211 TI - [Sudden death among children]. PMID- 7253212 TI - [Cardiogenic sudden death among young people]. PMID- 7253213 TI - [Critical types of arrhythmia]. PMID- 7253214 TI - [Atrial fibrillation in a thoroughbred horse]. PMID- 7253215 TI - [Congenital heart defects]. PMID- 7253216 TI - [Inborn errors of metabolism among the Japanese]. PMID- 7253217 TI - [Etiology of visceral fungus diseases]. PMID- 7253218 TI - [Pathology and immunology of visceral mycoses]. PMID- 7253219 TI - [Serodiagnosis of visceral candidiasis]. PMID- 7253220 TI - [Visceral cryptococcosis: clinical studies]. PMID- 7253221 TI - [Serological diagnosis of visceral cryptococcosis]. PMID- 7253222 TI - [Pneumonia-type aspergillosis]. PMID- 7253226 TI - [Oral candidiasis and actinomycosis of the jaw]. PMID- 7253224 TI - [Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]. PMID- 7253223 TI - [Fungus ball-type pulmonary aspergillosis]. PMID- 7253225 TI - [Mucormycosis, chromomycosis, sporotrichosis and other rare visceral mycoses]. PMID- 7253228 TI - [Mycological diagnosis of visceral mycoses]. PMID- 7253227 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of visceral mycoses]. PMID- 7253230 TI - [Immunotherapy of visceral mycoses -- future expectations]. PMID- 7253229 TI - [Management of visceral mycoses, with special reference to drug therapy]. PMID- 7253231 TI - [Congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 7253232 TI - [Plasmacytic leukemia---characteristics of the size and shape of atypical plasma cells in 3 cases]. PMID- 7253233 TI - [Effects of pentoxifylline (Trental) on peripheral circulatory disorders in collagen and related diseases]. PMID- 7253234 TI - [Radiographically asymptomatic case of lung neoplasm with cardiac tamponade as its initial symptom]. PMID- 7253236 TI - [Sequential changes of P loop in hypertension monitored by high-gain atrial vectorcardiography]. PMID- 7253237 TI - [Vectorcardiography in hyperkalemia--studies in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 7253238 TI - [Hematopoietic system diseases--paraneoplastic syndromes--statistics and etiological mechanism]. PMID- 7253240 TI - [Serum alpha-glycoprotein as a tumor marker]. PMID- 7253235 TI - [Induced vector and changes in the QRS loop in Frank's vectorcardiography by moving the positions of C, A-I electrodes]. PMID- 7253239 TI - [Dermopathy--paraneoplastic syndromes---statistics and etiological mechanism]. PMID- 7253241 TI - [Fetal type LDH isoenzyme as a tumor marker]. PMID- 7253242 TI - [Thyroglobulin as a tumor marker]. PMID- 7253243 TI - [Congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 7253244 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease--etiological and clinical studies]. PMID- 7253246 TI - [Clinical results of charcoal hemoperfusion: studies of 55 cases extending over 250 incidents]. PMID- 7253245 TI - [Liver cirrhosis with manifest Hunt's syndrome: pleural and ascitic fluid]. PMID- 7253247 TI - [Spatial magnitude of vector U-loop--studies of left branch block and left ventricular loading]. PMID- 7253248 TI - [Malignant hemangioendothelioma--report of 2 cases]. PMID- 7253249 TI - [Chronic rheumatoid arthritis accompanied by various arteritis --2 autopsy cases]. PMID- 7253250 TI - [Sequential changes in mortality of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7253252 TI - [Hypertension and stroke: follow-up of screening]. PMID- 7253251 TI - [Hypertension and stroke: screening methods]. PMID- 7253253 TI - [Control of blood pressure in hypertension]. PMID- 7253254 TI - [Hypertension and salt]. PMID- 7253255 TI - [Borderline hypertension and the role of the sympathetic nervous system]. PMID- 7253258 TI - [Healing of hypertensive vascular lesion--healing of the medial, intimal and endothelial lesions of the arteries]. PMID- 7253256 TI - [Effects of long-term anti-hypertensive treatment]. PMID- 7253259 TI - [Baroreceptor reflex in essential hypertension]. PMID- 7253257 TI - [Age-related changes in serum lipid levels]. PMID- 7253260 TI - [Stroke and the ambient temperature]. PMID- 7253261 TI - [Stroke and dietary habits]. PMID- 7253262 TI - [Advance symptoms of stroke: etiological studies]. PMID- 7253263 TI - [Early diagnosis of stroke and CT]. PMID- 7253264 TI - [Present status of cerebrovascular-bypass]. PMID- 7253265 TI - [Stroke and cholesterol]. PMID- 7253267 TI - [Congenital heart diseases: histology of patent ductus arteriosus]. PMID- 7253266 TI - [Pulse wave and arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7253268 TI - [Development of a ileocecal sarcoid lesion following gastrectomy of gastric sarcoidosis--sarcoidosis and Crohn disease]. PMID- 7253270 TI - [Insulin receptor assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253271 TI - [Clinical evaluation of cystine aminopeptidase (CAP) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253269 TI - [Immunoassay of chromogranin in serum and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253273 TI - [Cytopathology of malignant neoplasia and borderline lesions. Part 1 : A pathologist's over-view (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253272 TI - [Clinicopathologic study on the gastroduodenal ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253275 TI - [A prospect for the equipments for automatic multiple analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253274 TI - [Immunochemical studies on coagulant, fibrinolytic factors and proteinase inhibitors in fraction (I) separated with lysine-sepharose affinity chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253276 TI - [Troubles and problems on the use of clinalyzer (JCA 10 K) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253277 TI - [Make use of multi analyzer (SMAC) on system and some notice to use (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253278 TI - [Use of clinalyzers in Nagasaki (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253280 TI - [Necessity of environmental full equipment in clinical laboratories and reliability of analyzed value (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253281 TI - [Hitachi 716 automatic analyzer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253279 TI - [Clinical laboratory information processing system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253282 TI - [Study on platelet kinetics by determination of malondialdehyde after aspirin ingestion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253283 TI - [Chemiluminescence measurement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253285 TI - [Microviscosity. Principle of its determination and an experience of determination in obstetrics & gynecology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253287 TI - [Serum leucine aminopeptidase and arylamidase in diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253286 TI - [Pathology of non-epithelial tumors, Mullerian mixed tumors and related diseases of the uterus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253288 TI - [Two cases of anomalous LDH isoenzymes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253289 TI - [Fluorometric ultramicrodetermination of enzymes (leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253290 TI - [Studies on the measurement of sodium and potassium in red blood cells. (VII) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253284 TI - [Research and construction on automated biological cell sorting system and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253292 TI - [A rapid determination method of thiopental in blood by high performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253293 TI - [Pathology of calcifying epithelioma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253291 TI - [Determination of blood cell electrolyte concentration using whole blood hemolysate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253294 TI - [Tissue fibrinolysis in the digestive mucosa. III. Treatment of ulcerative colitis by the direct administration of an antifibrinolytic agent as an enema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253295 TI - [Studies of plasma amino acids in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Part II. Clinical effects and changes of the composition of plasma amino acids after infusions of a special amino acid solution in patients with acute and chronic hepatic failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253296 TI - [Prognostic evaluation of chronic hepatitis with particular reference to the findings of repeated liver biopsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253297 TI - [Cell proliferation analysis of hyperplastic lesions during the liver carcinogenesis in rats by dietylnitrosamine as studied by 3H-thymidine autoradiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253298 TI - [Clinical studies on radioimmunoassay of human muscle type aldolase in digestive diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253299 TI - [Two cases of acromegaly with colon cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253300 TI - [An autopsy case of carcinoma of the gallbladder, complicated with congenital biliary dilatation with abnormal choledochopancreatic joining and hypoplasia of the pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253302 TI - [Proceedings of the fifty-first annual meeting of the Japanese Society for Hygiene. May 1-3, 1981. Abstracts]. PMID- 7253301 TI - [Studied on the gastric mucosal phospholipase activities in experimental acute gastric lesion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253303 TI - [Studies on the causes of sudden death in the aged (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253304 TI - [Body surface ST mapping in isoproterenol stress test in the ischemic heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253306 TI - [Geriatrics in Japan]. PMID- 7253305 TI - [Aging and psychiatric disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253307 TI - [Aging and sympathetic nerve activity--with special reference to the comparison between normotensive and hypertensive subjects]. PMID- 7253308 TI - [Study on the evaluation of granulocyte and macrophage colony formation in the healthy aged subjects [author's transl)]. PMID- 7253309 TI - [Evaluation of myocardial contractility in healthy elderly men by dynamic exercise echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253310 TI - [Alteration of plasma lipoproteins in response to cholesterol feeding in the aged (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253312 TI - [A case of acute trichloroethylene poisoning (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253311 TI - [Effects of 2,5-hexanediol, 2,4-pentanedione, acetone and 2-heptanone on the secretory responsiveness of the sweat glands in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253315 TI - [Proceeding of the 22d Congress of the Japanese Society of Nephrology]. PMID- 7253314 TI - [An investigation of health supervisors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253313 TI - [Effect of heavy metal ions on the osmotic fragility of red blood cells, by using a coil planet centrifuge (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253316 TI - [Water soluble vitamins in patients with chronic renal failure and effect of B6 administration on immunological activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253318 TI - [Experimental membranous glomerulonephritis induced in rats by the injection of pronase-digested homologous renal tubular epithelial antigen. (IV). Investigation of glomerular permeability with ferritin granules in chronic phase of glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253317 TI - [A histometrical study about the pathogenesis of chronic glomerulonephritis. Malignant nephrosclerosis and diabetic glomerulosclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253319 TI - [A case report of Bartter's syndrome with persistent microhematuria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253321 TI - [Special convention issue of the 72nd Member Society of the 20th Japan Medical Association General Assembly (The 19th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine)]. PMID- 7253320 TI - [Effect of cyclophosphamide on the reproductive function -- study of testicular histology in male patients with nephrotic syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253323 TI - [Cine-scintigraphy of the lungs following radioaerosol inhalation: an introductory report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253322 TI - [Lung uptake of thallium-201 on resting myocardial imaging in assessment of pulmonary edema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253324 TI - [Study of liver function test with 99mTc-diethyl iminodiacetic acid--liver uptake and excretion rate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253326 TI - [13C-trioctanoin breath test for diagnosis of fat malabsorption (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253325 TI - [Evaluation of portal circulation by 201Tl-chloride per-rectal scintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253327 TI - [The analysis of left ventricular performance by the nuclear stethoscope (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253329 TI - [A radioimmunoassay for serum free thyroxin concentration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253328 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of "glucagon kit (Daiichi)" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253330 TI - [Radioimmunoassay for triiodothyronine and thyroxine--fundamental and clinical studies of Amerlex T3, T4 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253331 TI - [Clinical usefulness of Tl-201 thyroid tumor scintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253332 TI - [Studies on the measurement of serum triiodothyronine with "Amerlex T3 RIA" kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253333 TI - Effects of cocaine on Ca-mobility in microsomal fraction from rat vas deferens. AB - Cocaine (3 x 10(-5) M) has been reported to potentiate maximal contraction induced by several stimulants, and this phenomenon might be ascribed to the postsynaptic action. The present study was undertaken to observe the influences of cocaine on Ca-movements, that is, Ca-uptake and Ca-release, in the microsomal fraction of the prostatic half of the rat vas deferens. In this study, it was shown that cocaine potentiated Ca-uptake at the lower concentration (10(-6) M) of Ca2+, but had no influence upon Ca-release and also that cocaine significantly increased the rate of Ca-uptake. These results suggest that cocaine promotes binding of Ca ions with the surface sites of smooth muscle membrane concerned with Ca-influx process and thereby potentiates maximal contractions elicited by different stimulants. PMID- 7253334 TI - Effect of vasoactive drugs on gastric blood flow measured by a cross thermocouple method in rats. AB - To make a continuous recording of gastric blood flow (GBF) in rats, application of a cross thermocouple method was investigated together with related pharmacological studies. When secretagogues (tetragastrin, histamine and methacholine) were given intravenously in a dose sufficient to stimulate acid secretion, the increases in GBF observed were much the same as those seen when the aminopyrine clearance technique was used. When epinephrine and norepinephrine were administered via a close intraarterial route in the stomach, there was an initial decrease followed by an increase in the GBF. This biphasic response was antagonized by phentolamine, but not by propranolol, thereby suggesting that those agonists predominantly stimulate alpha-adrenoceptors. On the contrary, isoprenaline produced an increase in GBF which was attenuated by propranolol. Acetylcholine produced an increase in GBF, which was blocked by atropine. Histamine increased the GBF, and such was inhibited by diphenhydramine, but not by cimetidine, suggesting a stimulation of H-1 receptors by histamine. Serotonin, in a lower dose, and tetragastrin also elicited an increase in GBF. However, with a higher dose of serotonin, there was an increase followed by an apparent decrease in GBF. From these results, it was concluded that the cross thermocouple method is practical for a continuous recording the rat GBF in response to vasoactive drugs. PMID- 7253335 TI - Effects of prostaglandin inhibitors on the onset of proteinuria and stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7253337 TI - Potassium-induced automaticity of isolated human renal artery. PMID- 7253336 TI - Preliminary observations on the interaction of domperidone with peripheral dopamine receptors. PMID- 7253338 TI - Asebotoxin-induced centrogenic pulmonary hemorrhage in guinea pigs. PMID- 7253341 TI - Effect of diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate (NKK-105) on fatty liver induced by carbon tetrachloride. AB - The therapeutic effect of diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate (NKK-105) on the fatty liver induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was studied. The recovery from elevated liver triglyceride levels induced by CCl4 required over 20 days in 35 week-old rats, but 14 days in 6 week-old rats. This indicates that 35 week-old rats are useful for studying the therapeutic effect of NKK-105 on fatty liver. In rats with CCl4-induced fatty liver, NKK-105 lowered the hepatic triglyceride level, accelerated the rate of triglyceride release from the liver, enhanced the incorporation of 14C-leucine into microsomal protein, and increased the RNA content in microsomes. These data suggest that NKK-105 exerts a curative effect on CCl4-induced fatty liver by improving the impaired protein synthesis and by promoting lipoprotein secretion. PMID- 7253340 TI - Effect of cimetidine on gastric tissue mucous contents in rats subjected to stress. PMID- 7253339 TI - The influence of extracellular Ca2+ concentration on the inhibitory effect of adenosine in guinea-pig ileal longitudinal muscles. PMID- 7253343 TI - Effects of CDP-choline on striatal dopamine level and behavior in rats. AB - To further assess the effects of CDP (cytidine diphosphate)-choline on Parkinsonian symptoms, striatal dopamine (DA) was measured fluorometrically in rats after injection of CDP-choline. CDP-choline (300 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the DA content in the striatum (p less than 0.05) one hour after injection. The behavioral effect of CDP-choline was then tested in rats in which the unilateral nigro-striatal DA neurons had degenerated following an intranigral injection of 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). CDP-choline alone did not produce behavioral changes in these rats. However, pretreatment with a single dose of CDP-choline (900 mg/kg, i.p.) suppressed both the apomorphine-induced contralateral and the d-amphetamine induced ipsilateral circling. The same dose of CDP-choline suppressed the number of treadmill revolutions in mice. On the other hand, a 7-day consecutive treatment with 300 mg/kg of CDP-choline enhanced the apomorphine-induced contralateral circling (by 42%, p less than 0.05). The same treatment with CDP choline raised the striatal DA content by 29% (p less than 0.05) on the intact side, but not on the 6-OHDA injected side. These results indicate that CDP choline has either a direct nor an indirect DA agonistic effect. The increase in DA content, decrease in locomotion and enhancement of the effect of apomorphine can be explained on the hypothesis that CDP-choline may act as an antagonist on the DA neurons and receptors. The validity of this apparently paradoxical use of CDP-choline with antagonistic effect on DA neurons in the treatment of Parkinson's disease is discussed. PMID- 7253344 TI - Specific binding of 125I-salmon calcitonin to rat brain: regional variation and calcitonin specificity. AB - Rat brain particulate fraction was found to contain binding sites for 125I-Salmon Calcitonin-I (125I-SCT). Maximum binding occurred in the physiological pH range of 7.25-7.5. The binding reaction proceeded in a temperature-dependent manner. Binding sites were broadly distributed among the various rat brain regions and considerable regional differences existed in the affinity and density as detected by Scatchard analysis. The highest affinity was recorded in the case of the hypothalamus and the lowest in the case of the cerebellum. The KD (nM) and Bmax (pmole/mg protein) estimated for the binding to four regions were as follows: hypothalamus: 1.4 and 0.19, midbrain, hippocampus plus striatum: 1.5 and 0.08, pons plus medulla oblongata: 3.0 and 0.15 and cerebellum: 8.3 and 0.20. Using a particulate fraction of rat brain void of cerebellum and cortices, a binding assay for calcitonins was developed. Binding of 125I-SCT was inhibited by unlabeled salmon, [Asu1,7]-eel and porcine calcitonins in a dose-dependent manner and the IC50s were 2.0, 8.0 and 30 nM, respectively. The IC50s were comparable to those estimated using a kidney particulate fraction. Human calcitonin, beta endorphin and substance P were weak inhibitors of the binding. Other peptides, drugs and putative neurotransmitters tested (totally 23 substances) failed to inhibit the binding at concentrations of 1.0 microM. The physiological significance of brain binding sites for calcitonin, with the possibility that the brain may possess endogenous ligands for these sites are discussed. PMID- 7253342 TI - Effects of exogenous stimuli and centrally acting drugs on galvanic skin responses in rats. AB - Effects of physical stimulus and psychic stimulus on the galvanic skin response (GSR) in rats were evaluated. A significant change in the GSR was observed after exposing the rat to the noise of hand-clapping, and introducing another rat into the cage. The latter stimulus had a much greater effect than the former. Changes in GSR were measured after various animals were introduced into the test cage. A shift in the GSR in intrusion of guinea pig or rabbit was significantly greater than that in intrusion of Wistar rat, but no difference was observed in intrusion of rat and mouse. Changes in GSR were studied by introducing another animal into the test cage containing a single rat (isolated state) or a pair of rats (grouped state). The change in the GSR in the grouped state was generally smaller than that in the isolated state, but there was no difference in the score between these states when a rabbit was introduced. When the effect of drugs on changing of GSR was investigated, we found that elevation of GSR value, as induced by exogenous stimuli, was inhibited by tranquilizers such as chlorpromazine, carpipramine and diazepam. These tranquilizers in a remarkably small dose had an apparent effect on the psychic, mutual relation in GSR test in rats. PMID- 7253345 TI - Effects of C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin and prostaglandins on adrenergic functions in the guinea-pig gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi. AB - Effects of C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (C8-CCK) and prostaglandins E1, E2 and E alpha on noradrenaline-induced responses and 3H-noradrenaline release in the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi of guinea pigs were examined. In the sphincter of Oddi, noradrenaline in low concentrations induced a relaxation which was blocked by either phentolamine or propranolol, while noradrenaline in high concentrations induced a contraction which was blocked by phentolamine. These results suggest the existence of excitatory and inhibitory alpha-receptors and inhibitory beta-receptors in the sphincter of Oddi. In the gallbladder, the adrenergic receptors are alpha-excitatory and beta-inhibitory. C8-CCK (10(-9) g/ml) potentiated both contractile and relaxing responses to noradrenaline, in the gallbladder. The same concentration of prostaglandins potentiated only contractile response to noradrenaline. In the sphincter of Oddi, noradrenaline induced responses were not affected by C8-CCK and prostaglandins. Prostaglandins inhibited 3H-efflux evoked by electrical stimulation, while C8-CCK had no effect on the 3H-efflux from both preparations. These results suggest that C8-CCK enhances the contractile and relaxing responses to noradrenaline, and that prostaglandins act in a similar way on the postsynaptic response and, in addition, inhibit presynaptically the release of noradrenaline in the gallbladder. In the sphincter of Oddi, only prostaglandins inhibit the presynaptic event. PMID- 7253347 TI - Influence of sino-aortic baroreceptor denervation on catecholamines, catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and choline acetyltransferase activity in the brainstem nuclei of the rat. AB - At one week after sino-aortic baroreceptor denervation in the rat, aortic blood pressure and plasma contents of epinephrine and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity were elevated during resting and conscious states. Stress-induced elevation of blood pressure and plasma epinephrine were markedly pronounced. These changes disappeared at four weeks after denervation. Sino-aortic deafferentation decreased choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) activity in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and locus coeruleus (LC) and increased DBH activity, norepinephrine levels, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) activity and epinephrine levels in the LC, accompanied with a reduction of DBH activity and norepinephrine contents in the nucleus hypothalamicus posterior. These alterations were confirmed one week after denervation but did not persist for a period of four weeks. At four weeks after denervation, ChAc activity was significantly decreased in the nucleus dorsalis nerve of the vagi but not in ;the nucleus ambiguus. During the transient hypertensive phase, sino-aortic deafferentation did not alter DBH and PNMT activities in the NTS, A2 cell and A1 cell areas, and both catecholamine levels in the NTS. In conclusion, sino-aortic denervation transiently decreased ChAc activity in the NTS and LC, and enhanced synthesis and accumulation of norepinephrine and epinephrine in the LC accompanied with a decrease in norepinephrine contents and DBH activity in the nucleus hypothalamicus posterior, causally resulting in short-lasting labile hypertension and activation of the adrenal medulla. PMID- 7253346 TI - Comparison of the chronotropic responses to local anesthetics (procaine, lidocaine, prilocaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine) of the canine sinus node in situ. AB - Effects of local anesthetics (procaine, lidocaine, prilocaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine) on the sinus node of the nerve-intact dog heart were studied in situ by means of selective perfusion of the sinus node through the sinus node artery. The agents caused a dose-dependent decrease in heart rate and the order of their potency in decreasing the heart rate was as follows, bupivacaine greater than lidocaine=mepivacaine=prilocaine greater than procaine. The decrease in heart rate produced by these local anesthetics was not affected by prior administration of atropine. With procaine and prilocaine, the decrease in heart rate was followed by an increase which was inhibited by propranolol given into the sinus node artery or was suppressed in reserpine-pretreated dogs. Tetrodotoxin also prevented the positive chronotropic effect of procaine. From these results the following conclusion can be drawn: the negative chronotropic effects of these agents are induced mainly by a direct inhibitory action on the sinus node, and partly by blockade of sympathetic tone, and the interaction with the postganglionic adrenergic nerves plays an important role in the induction of the positive chronotropic responses to procaine and prilocaine. PMID- 7253348 TI - [Testicular hemodynamics in dog and man studied by polarographic monitoring of tissue oxygen tension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253351 TI - [Coagulum pyelolithotomy and coagulum nephrolithotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253350 TI - [A statistical and clinical study on malignant tumors of the upper urinary tract at Okayama University Hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253353 TI - [The ultrastructure of the renal pelvis epithelium of experimental hydronephrosis rats: a scanning and transmission electron microscopic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253349 TI - [Superselective transcatheter embolization for bladder carcinomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253352 TI - [Study of in vitro sensitivity of human bladder cancer cell lines to various sex steroid hormones: cell killing effects of various sex steroid hormones on T 24 cells and 253 J cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253354 TI - [A study of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in rat prostate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253355 TI - [Treatment of cystine calculi with tiopronin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253356 TI - [Carcinoma of the rete testis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253357 TI - Analysis relating to corpora lutea and two continuous administrations of PMSG in beef cattle. PMID- 7253359 TI - A chromosomal analysis based on the G and C band staining techniques of the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). PMID- 7253360 TI - Three trichostrongylid nematodes from the red rock rabbits, Pronolagus sp., in Kenya. PMID- 7253358 TI - Report on the prevalence and experimental infections of Angiostrongylus siamensis Ohbayashi, Kamiya et Bhaibulaya, 1979, parasitic in the mesenteric arteries of rodents in Thailand. PMID- 7253361 TI - Effect of bursectomy on the pathogenesis of Marek's disease. PMID- 7253362 TI - Complex ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction during convalescence and follow-up: a harbinger of multi-vessel coronary disease, left ventricular dysfunction and sudden death. AB - Sixty-one medically treated patients had coronary and left ventricular angiography and 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring 10-24 days after myocardial infarction, and then had serial 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring during the 13 +/- 11 months after myocardial infarction. Complex ventricular arrhythmias (2 or more sequential ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs), multiform VPDs, bigeminy) during follow-up were associated with a high mortality rate and occurred most commonly in the setting of three-vessel coronary disease, proximal left anterior descending coronary disease and low left ventricular ejection fraction. By contrast, patients without complex VPDs in either the late hospital or posthospital phase of myocardial infarction had no mortality during the year following myocardial infarction; furthermore, these patients had a higher incidence of single-vessel coronary disease and less left ventricular dysfunction. These results emphasize the adverse prognostic significance of complex ventricular arrhythmias in the year after myocardial infarction and their association with extensive coronary artery disease and left ventricular damage. PMID- 7253364 TI - Antimicrobial agents implicated in Clostridium difficile toxin-associated diarrhea of colitis. AB - Records were reviewed for 329 patients who had antibiotic-associated diarrhea or colitis with stools showing a cytopathic toxin which is neutralized by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin. Previous studies indicate that the detection of this toxin implicate Clostridium difficile as the responsible pathogen. A spectrum of anatomical results in the colonic mucosa were found ranging from pseudomembranous colitis in 136 patients to an entirely normal endoscopic condition in 36 patients. The most frequently implicated agents were ampicillin, clindamycin, and cephalosporins. Collectively, these drugs accounted for approximately 80% of cases in which a single antimicrobial had been administered prior to the onset of symptoms. Analysis of data obtained in sequential time intervals showed a decline in the relative frequency of cases with use of clindamycin accompanied by an increase with use of cephalosporins. Less frequent drugs which were implicated in 3-8% of cases were, in rank order, penicillins other than ampicillin, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and sulfasalazine. Tetracycline was the exclusive agent given to only three patients and there were no patients in whom chloramphenicol could be clearly implicated. PMID- 7253363 TI - Renal toxicity of lithium and its implications. PMID- 7253365 TI - Comparative analysis of noninvasive cardiac parameters in the detection and evaluation of adriamycin cardiotoxicity. AB - Serial electrocardiograms, phonocardiograms and echocardiograms were recorded in a prospective study of 45 closely-followed patients receiving chemotherapy with Adriamycin (doxorubicin hydrochloride, Adria Labs.). QRS voltage, systolic time intervals (STI), echocardiographic ejection fraction (EF) and rate of ventricular circumferential fiber shortening (Vcf) were compared as indicators of Adriamycin cardiotoxicity. Seven patients (16%) developed a decline in left ventricular function. Four of these seven patients (57%) developed symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure (CHF). The pre-ejection period/left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET) was earliest to change and was the least specific of the noninvasive parameters. The ejection fraction was the most specific parameter in predicting clinical cardiotoxicity. In every case of congestive heart failure, significant changes in ejection fraction, Vcf and PEP/LVET preceded the onset of symptoms, suggesting that measurement of the ejection fraction and systolic time intervals will allow early prediction and avoidance of heart failure. A fall in the ejection fraction of greater than or equal to 10% may represent sufficient grounds for discontinuing Adriamycin. PMID- 7253366 TI - The epidemiologic basis of prevention: how much data do we need? PMID- 7253367 TI - Clinical conferences at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Local tetanus. PMID- 7253368 TI - [Determination of cardiac output in clinical practice]. PMID- 7253369 TI - [Protective effect of intra-aortic balloon pumping on the degree of experimental myocardial infarct in dogs]. PMID- 7253370 TI - [Determination of tissue and segmental blood flow in arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs by impedance methods]. PMID- 7253371 TI - [Changes in the bundle of His potential amplitude during diagnostic atrial stimulation]. PMID- 7253372 TI - [Polish experiment in the prevention of coronary disease. VI. Characteristics of high-risk individuals and principles of preventive procedures]. PMID- 7253373 TI - [Factors determining the prognosis after myocardial infarct. V. Diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7253375 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse. I. Polycardiographic studies]. PMID- 7253374 TI - [Usefulness of coronarographic cranial-oblique projections in the diagnosis of coronary disease]. PMID- 7253376 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse. II. Echocardiographic studies]. PMID- 7253377 TI - [Ischemic cardiomyopathy - a different form of coronary disease?]. PMID- 7253378 TI - [Inhibitory activity of plasma antithrombin III and other hypercoagulability indicators in uncomplicated myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7253379 TI - [Rupture of a free left-ventricular wall as a cause of death in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7253380 TI - [Rare case of asystolic cardiac arrest after administration of xylocaine]. PMID- 7253381 TI - [Diagnosis of the infarct-like form of dissecting aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 7253384 TI - [Method of ECG recording during physical loading]. PMID- 7253383 TI - [Types of reaction to physical loading in cardiovascular pathology]. PMID- 7253382 TI - ["Double tracing" and the characteristics of the ECG changes in the ST segment under physical loading in stenocardia]. PMID- 7253385 TI - [Digoxin therapy of chronic cardiac failure under control of its concentration in the blood]. AB - The influence of digoxin concentration in blood on its therapeutic effect was studied in 59 patients with chronic circulatory insufficiency and cardiac fibrillation and in 89 patients with chronic circulatory insufficiency and sinus cardiac rhythm. The changes in blood digoxin concentration in patients with cardiac insufficiency complicated by cardiac fibrillation with maintained sinus cardiac rhythm both during the "saturation" period and during maintenance treatment were of the same type. The content of digoxin in the blood does not determine the potency of its therapeutic effect. The optimum therapeutic effect of digoxin in all patients with cardiac fibrillation and signs of cardiac insufficiency persists for quite a long period of time. Continuously used cardiac glycosides lose their inotropic effect in patients with sinus cardiac rhythm. PMID- 7253387 TI - [Immunoglobulin content of the blood in ischemic heart disease in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 7253386 TI - [Oxygen metabolic characteristics in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7253389 TI - [New diagnostic method in arrhythmias and heart conduction disorders]. AB - The authors developed a method for recording spike potentials of the heart conduction system from the body surface on a curve of differentially intensified spike potential (DISP). They examined 187 patients and 60 healthy persons. The spike potentials of the sinoatrial node, atria and the bundle of His recorded on the DISP curves coincide exactly in time with spike potentials on intracardiac ECG recorded by microcatheterization of the heart through the subclavian vein, which makes it possible to distinguish on the DISP curve reference points for determining conductivity on definite areas of the heart conduction system. DISP recording allows the diagnosis of conductivity disorders and atrial overloading, arrhythmias of the heart, the diagnosis of which cannot be made from the ordinary ECG. In some cases this method can substitute for intracardiac ECG. PMID- 7253388 TI - [Myocarditis therapy]. PMID- 7253390 TI - [Clinical and immunological parallels in ischemic heart disease]. AB - Immediate and delayed type immune response was studied in 374 patients with ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction in 242, preinfarction state in 32, postinfarction cardiosclerosis in 100). Immediate and delayed type hypersensitivity was recorded with the highest frequency in patients with myocardial infarction and least frequency in patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis. It was shown that humoral and cellular immune response can be used in assessing the severity of myocardial infarction and prognosing its complications, autoimmune genesis, in particular. PMID- 7253391 TI - [Physical work capacity in isometric and dynamic regimens in patients with stenocardia and cardiac-type neurocirculatory dystonia]. AB - It is established that the strength of both hands is much weaker in patients with angina pectoris than in healthy individuals. Development of an atypical cardiac pain syndrome leads to a significant diminution in the strength of the left hand of patients with angina pectoris and to a considerable reduction in endurance. In patients with cardiac-type neurocirculatory dystonia, the strength in the left hand and the endurance of isometric exertion are diminished. The endurance of dynamic exertion is sharply reduced in patients with chronic coronary insufficiency. Physical working capacity is substantially higher in patients with cardiac-type neurocirculatory dystonia than in those with angina pectoris and lower than in practically health individuals. PMID- 7253392 TI - [Characteristics of the reaction of the blood fibrinolytic system to physical loading in healthy persons and in elderly ischemic heart disease patients]. AB - Changes in some general indices characterizing activity of the blood fibrinolytic system (FS) and some factors of the activating and inhibiting links of the system under the effect of tolerant exercise were studied in healthy young and elderly persons and in elderly patients with ischemic heart disease. It is shown that with aging the mechanisms regulating FS activity under conditions of exercise diminish and the force of its reaction and the rate of restorative processes decrease. Development of coronary atherosclerosis in the presence of age changes causes functional insufficiency of FS manifested by the absence of its marked response in threshold exercise. PMID- 7253393 TI - [Hypervolemic redistribution mechanism in pulmonary edema in patients with isolated left ventricular failure]. AB - The authors examined 90 patients with ischemic heart disease and isolated left ventricular insufficiency by impedance plethysmography and determined the body total water content by means of tritium oxide in 32 of them. It was established that there is no essential increase in total body water and volumes of circulating blood and plasma at the peak of manifestations of isolated left ventricular insufficiency. The redistribution of some of the blood from the periphery of systemic circulation to the center, mainly into the pulmonary circulation, possibly plays the principle role in the genesis of pulmonary circulation hypervolemia and pulmonary edema in approximately half of the cases. The same mechanism with its reverse direction occurs in successful treatment and correction of hypervolemia of pulmonary circulation and pulmonary edema. PMID- 7253394 TI - [Achievements and unresolved diagnostic and treatment problems in pericarditis]. PMID- 7253395 TI - [Blood lipoprotein cholesterol and liver hydroxylase activity in ischemic heart disease patients with normal blood lipids]. AB - The authors examined specially selected 165 practically healthy males and 373 patients with ischemic heart disease from 20 to 59 years of age. Normolipoproteinemia (total cholesterol (CS) less than or equal to 260 ml/dl, triglycerides (TG) less than or equal to mg/dl, CH of very low density lipoproteins less than or equal to 36 mg/dl, CS of low-density lipoproteins less than or equal to 190 mg/dl) was found in 172 males with ischemic heart disease (46%). The mean content in blood serum of TG and CS of very low density lipoproteins is higher and the concentration of CS of low density lipoproteins is significantly lower in patients than in healthy individuals. Antipyrin half-life in patients is significantly increased, while the amount of bile acids and concentration of CS in bile of individuals with normolipoproteinemia do not differ from the indices in healthy persons. A relationship was shown between the body mass/height index, antipyrin half-life and concentration of CS on low density lipoproteins. PMID- 7253396 TI - [Blood lipids and lipoproteins in atherosclerotic (systolic) hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly]. AB - It was found that in ageing there is a decrease in the amount of cholesterol in the composition of high-density lipoproteins, alpha-lipoproteins in blood, an increase in the total fraction of low- and very low density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, triacylglycerines and the atherogenicity coefficient, and a growth in the frequency of hyperlipoproteinemia. The described age changes were more marked in the group of elderly females. In atherosclerotic (systolic) hypertension the atherogenic disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are revealed to a greater extent in old age both in males and females and are mainly characterized by type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 7253397 TI - [Pathogenesis and the prevention of hypoxic heart contracture]. AB - The authors studied the development of hypoxic contracture of an isolated isovolumic rat heart and the effect of a water-soluble antioxidant of the class of oxypyridines, OX YP-6, on such a contracture. It was established that a contracture manifested by a rise of diastolic pressure from 5 to 40 mm Hg develops regularly in the isolated heart of control animals after 20 minutes of hypoxia. Administration of the antioxidant OX YP-6 to animals for 3 days preceding the experiment prevented the contracture completely and caused fuller and more rapid restoration of heart contractility during reoxygenation. On the grounds of these facts it is suggested that activation of lipid peroxidation in the membranes of the heart muscle plays the key role in the origin of hypoxic and reoxygenation contracture of the heart. The possibilities of using the antioxidant in the prevention of hypoxic and reoxygenation disorders of heart activity in patients are discussed. PMID- 7253398 TI - [Mechanisms of the development of hypercoagulation in experimental peroxide atherosclerosis]. AB - It is shown that atheroarteriosclerosis develops with attendant hypercoagulation changes in the blood of animals kept on an antioxidant-free diet for 100 days. The changes in blood coagulation are caused by disturbances in the procoagulant properties of the tissue (heart and aorta) cell membranes and those of the red cells. The role of cell membranes in the development of hypercoagulation due to changes in their cell thromboplastic properties is discussed. PMID- 7253399 TI - [Effect of isoptin and its combination with strophanthin on collateral coronary circulation and systemic hemodynamics in acute myocardial ischemia]. AB - It was established in acute experiments on dogs with the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery ligated in the middle third that isoptin increases essentially the blood flow and oxygen tension in the focus of acute myocardial ischemia, increases the cardiac stroke and minute volumes, and reduces the total peripheral vascular resistance. Strophanthin removes the favourable effect of isoptin on collateral coronary circulation and contractile myocardial activity and increases the total peripheral vascular resistance. PMID- 7253401 TI - [Characteristics of myocardial metabolic disorders in rats as affected by alternating magnetic fields of varying parameters]. AB - It was shown in experiments on albino rats that repeated exposure to an alternating field of 32 kA/m voltage leads to the reduction in the content of glycogen, lactic and pyruvic acid and the reduced form of nicotinamide coenzymes and to delayed processes of oxidation and phosphorylation without changing the degree of their coupling and the level of macroergic phosphates. An alternating magnetic field with a voltage of 7.5 kA/m leads to an increase in the level of glycogen and glutamine in half a month, causes accumulation of ammonia in three months, increases the content of glutamine and reduces the glucose level after six months of exposure. PMID- 7253400 TI - [Factors that provoke strophanthin poisoning and its drug prevention]. AB - The effect of various pathogenic factors and drugs on sensitivity to strophanthin and the possibility of pharmacoprophylaxis of toxicosis caused by this cardiotonic agent were studied in acute and chronic experiments on 375 cats. It is shown that impaired blood supply to the myocardium, toxic affection of the liver, sensitization with the cardiac antigen, and the effect of inflammation mediators, mineralocorticoids, and some antianginous agents reduce strophanthin tolerance. The altered sensitivity to strophanthin is successfully corrected with the beta-adrenoblocker alpheprol, hydrocortisone, analgin, dimedrol, and the anesthetic trimecaine. PMID- 7253402 TI - [Metabolic shifts in the myocardium in the long-term effect of atmospheric pollution on the body]. AB - Metabolic shifts in the myocardium under conditions of long-term exposure of the body to air pollution were studied in experiments on albino rats. Study of the content of protein, RNA, DNA, glycogen, ATP, lactic and pyruvic acids and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in the heart muscle allowed the conclusion that the glycolytic processes are intensified, the bioenergic processes are inhibited and the synthesis of protein and RNA are increased in the myocardium of the experimental animals. PMID- 7253404 TI - [Ratio of the amounts of the mRNA poly A+/poly A- fractions in the myocardium and the life span of mRNA poly A+]. AB - Two mRNA fractions, poly A+ and poly A- were found in the rat heart muscle. They comprise 30 and 70% of the entire mRNA, respectively. The ratio of the mRNA poly A+ to poly A- in the myocardium does not change in physiological aging. According to the kinetics of labelled precursor incorporation into mRNA, the life span of the main mass of mRNA poly A+ in the myocardium is about 4 hours. PMID- 7253403 TI - [Functional state of the hemostatic system in the early periods after artificial heart implantation in calves]. AB - The functional state of hemostasis in the early periods after implantation of an artificial heart was studied in experiments on calves. The importance of studying the initial indices of the hemostasis system in calves both for selection of the animals and for determination of the tactics of conducting the experiment was shown. Preliminary drug management of the animals for the purpose of creating optimum functional correction of the coagulation and anticoagulation systems may have a marked positive effect. Further study of the state of hemostasis in all stages of the experiment will disclose the mechanisms of the regulation of this process under conditions of artificial heart implantation in calves. PMID- 7253405 TI - [Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen in the blood draining from the heart]. AB - The difference in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen in blood of the coronary sinus and in mixed venous blood was shown in dog experiments. The lower affinity of hemoglobin for blood flowing from the heart causes greater deoxidation of oxyhemoglobin. Following injection into the body of adrenaline which activates the adenylyl cyclase system, the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve of coronary sinus blood is displaced to the left. On the grounds of in vitro experiments it is suggested that this effect is mediated by adenosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate entering the blood. The author discusses the importance of the flow rate of blood and adenosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate as factors responsible for the specific features of the regulation of hemoglobin affinity to oxygen within organs and the possible ethiopathogenetic significance of increased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen in the development of myocardial hypoxia. PMID- 7253406 TI - [Changes in the heart in sliding hiatal hernia (clinical and experimental study)]. PMID- 7253407 TI - [EEG studies in children following severe encephalitis in infancy and preschool age]. PMID- 7253409 TI - [Body height in Ullrich-Turner syndrome. Pathognomonic growth functions]. PMID- 7253408 TI - [Developmental trends in brain wave pictures with severe pathologic changes following brain injuries in childhood]. PMID- 7253410 TI - [Prognostic significance of renal acidification disorders in children with acute pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7253411 TI - [Indications for bronchography and tracheography in infancy]. PMID- 7253412 TI - [Nutritional habits of children with portosystemic anastomoses--effects on serum ammonia and amino acid level]. PMID- 7253413 TI - [Cholangiodysplastic pseudocirrhosis]. PMID- 7253414 TI - [Significance of the Weidemann test in the diagnosis of galactosemia and in galactosemia screening]. PMID- 7253415 TI - [Determination of the extent of the operation in the surgical treatment of cancer of the gastric cardia]. PMID- 7253416 TI - [Late results of the combined treatment of stomach cancer in relation to individual tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil]. PMID- 7253420 TI - [Clinical and experimental bases for renal artery embolization in treating tumors of the renal parenchyma]. PMID- 7253421 TI - [Differential diagnostic importance of soft tissue changes in malignant bone tumors and osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7253417 TI - [Role of functional x-ray and endoscopic studies in the diagnosis of early forms of stomach cancer]. PMID- 7253419 TI - [Malignant stomach and intestinal tumors in children]. PMID- 7253422 TI - [Organic lesion of the digestive system and spleen in lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7253418 TI - [Results of rectal extirpation with aorto-ileo-pelvic lymphadenectomy for cancer]. PMID- 7253423 TI - [Tumor growth and hematopoietic indices in exposure to helium-neon laser irradiation]. PMID- 7253426 TI - [Detection of metastases in stomach cancer by body cellular reactions]. PMID- 7253425 TI - [Differential diagnosis of malignant and benign malformations of the gastric antrum]. PMID- 7253427 TI - [Extensive liver resections in metastatic cancer]. PMID- 7253424 TI - [Selective hypothesis of immunity]. PMID- 7253428 TI - [Choice of the type of operation in intestinal obstruction due to a tumorous lesion of the colon]. PMID- 7253429 TI - [Rare malignant tumors of the rectum]. PMID- 7253430 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of desmoid tumors]. PMID- 7253435 TI - [Treatment and rehabilitation of stomach cancer patients]. PMID- 7253433 TI - [Reasons for diagnostic errors and ways of improving the early diagnosis of polypous lesions of the large intestine in the polyclinic]. PMID- 7253434 TI - [Dynamic shifts in the incidence of malignant neoplasms among the population of the Ukrainian SSR and an assessment of their probable level in the next 2 5-year periods]. PMID- 7253431 TI - [High-risk groups in the prevention of breast tumors]. PMID- 7253432 TI - [Rectal cancer (based on data from Ivano-Frankovsk Province)]. PMID- 7253436 TI - [Rehabilitation problems of oncologic patients]. PMID- 7253437 TI - [Tumors of the heart and pericardium]. PMID- 7253438 TI - [Clinical and endoscopic parallels in the dispensary examination of patients radically operated on for stomach cancer]. PMID- 7253439 TI - [Extirpation of the stomach and bladder in multiple primary cancer]. PMID- 7253440 TI - [Pancreatic cystadenoma]. PMID- 7253441 TI - [Primary gallbladder cancer]. PMID- 7253442 TI - [Mesenteric cysts of the small and large intestines]. PMID- 7253443 TI - [Lipomas of the large intestine]. PMID- 7253444 TI - [Mesothelioma developing in an umbilical hernia]. PMID- 7253446 TI - [Intra-arterial antibiotic administration in open fractures and wounds of the extremities]. PMID- 7253445 TI - [Cancerous degeneration of the fistulous tissues in chronic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7253448 TI - [Treatment of closed oblique and spiral diaphyseal fractures of the long bones]. PMID- 7253447 TI - [Brain contusions with fracture of the base of the skull in children]. PMID- 7253450 TI - [Removal of 3-flanged nails in united medial femoral neck fractures]. PMID- 7253449 TI - [Haptoglobin content in knee injuries]. PMID- 7253452 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of abdominal injuries]. PMID- 7253453 TI - [Treatment results in traumatic detachment of the skin]. PMID- 7253457 TI - [Fibrinogen levels in the blood of surgical patients]. PMID- 7253455 TI - [Arrest of hemorrhage by freezing]. PMID- 7253454 TI - [Assessment of the degree of blood loss and the methods for its compensation]. PMID- 7253456 TI - [Colloidal osmotic state of the blood in surgical patients before an operation]. PMID- 7253458 TI - [Combination of sliding hiatal hernia and gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7253451 TI - [Treatment of extensive hand injuries]. PMID- 7253462 TI - [Reasons for unsatisfactory results in fracture-dislocations of the ankle joint]. PMID- 7253461 TI - [Contraindication of operations for keloid scars occurring after BCG administration]. PMID- 7253459 TI - [Sensitizing and antigenic action of catgut]. PMID- 7253460 TI - [Closed kidney injuries]. PMID- 7253463 TI - [Deficiencies in the metal osteosynthesis of the long bones]. PMID- 7253464 TI - [Use of ultrasound in treating complicated open fractures]. PMID- 7253466 TI - [Splints for temporary immobilization in fractures of the forearm bones]. PMID- 7253465 TI - [Plastic repair of the knee joint ligaments using a combined peritoneal allo- and xenograft]. PMID- 7253467 TI - [Treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures by fascicular polyosteosynthesis]. PMID- 7253468 TI - [Use of a nail with 3 stabilizers in treating medial femoral neck fractures]. PMID- 7253469 TI - [Surgical treatment of habitual shoulder dislocation]. PMID- 7253471 TI - [Severe anaerobic infection]. PMID- 7253472 TI - [Cavernous hemangioma of the thyroid]. PMID- 7253473 TI - [Positional compression syndrome in syringomyelia patients]. PMID- 7253470 TI - [Penetrating thoraco-abdominal wound with bilateral hemopneumothorax and injury to the liver, lung and pericardium]. PMID- 7253474 TI - [Bloodless reduction of inveterate and improperly united Monteggia-type fracture dislocations in children]. PMID- 7253475 TI - [Reconstructive surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7253476 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of Morgagni's diaphragmatic hernias]. PMID- 7253477 TI - [Case of embolization of the bronchial arteries]. PMID- 7253478 TI - [Biomechanical aspects of thoracotomy and single lung ventilation (an experimental study on dogs)]. PMID- 7253479 TI - [Calculous forms of Mirizzi's syndrome and Bouveret's syndrome: rare complications of cholelithiasis]. PMID- 7253480 TI - [Unfavorable sequelae and complications of one disease untreated at the time of surgery for another disease associated with gallbladder disease]. PMID- 7253482 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma of the abdominal wall with metastases to the lung]. PMID- 7253481 TI - [Prostatic carcinoma: incidence, complications, biology]. PMID- 7253483 TI - [Dystopic kidney simulating a tumor in the posterior mediastinum]. PMID- 7253484 TI - [Case of an asymptomatic course of a large parasternal hernia in an adult woman]. PMID- 7253485 TI - [Bilateral tumors of the testis]. PMID- 7253486 TI - [Fibrosarcoma of the prostate]. PMID- 7253487 TI - [Case of triple localization of neoplasms in a patient]. PMID- 7253490 TI - [Experiences with ciliary block ("malignant") glaucoma (author's transl)]. AB - Following a brief review of various interpretations of the disease and its treatment, the author's observations in 13 cases (18 eyes) treated during a period of ten years are reported. The data (Tables 2 and 3) are discussed with reference to the different forms of clinical manifestation of the disease (Table 4). Therapeutic aspects are outlined on the basis of the personal experience of the authors. If conservative measures (mydriasis, hyperosmotics, carboanhydrase inhibitors) fail to control ciliary block glaucoma, surgical procedures directed at the anterior hyaloid membrane are indicated. This structure is approached either via the pars plana or via the transpupillary route after lens extraction. In some cases lens extraction alone was sufficient. PMID- 7253489 TI - [Observation of a case of combined gastric carcinoma and thrombophlebitis migrans of the deep veins of the legs]. PMID- 7253488 TI - [Cornu cutaneum of a postoperative penile cicatrix with malignant degeneration]. PMID- 7253491 TI - [A statistical program for determining fields of vision (author's transl)]. AB - Statistical tests, oriented towards optimum distinction between normal and abnormal behavior, may be applied to the results of static perimetric examinations. Such tests are also important for establishing whether significant progression has occurred. A prototype version of an analytical program is presented here; it evaluates the data stored in the memory of the automated perimeter Octopus. Statistical decisions are printed out in verbal form. Reservations regarding conclusions are discussed. Correlated long-term fluctuations in thresholds complicate the separation of true progression from insignificant coincidence. PMID- 7253493 TI - [Tachyphylaxis in timolol therapy for chronic glaucoma (author's transl)]. AB - Forty-three patients with open-angle glaucoma were treated locally with 0.5% Timolol. The drop in intraocular pressure on the day following commencement of Timolol therapy was remarkable. However, 14 patients, ten of whom had responded insufficiently to other glaucoma drugs, developed tachyphylaxis either two or three days after being put on Timolol therapy; in some cases tachyphylaxis was observed in follow-up examinations two months later. Intraocular pressure in these eyes was in some cases even higher than it had been prior to treatment with Timolol. PMID- 7253494 TI - [Goniotrepanation with Triangular Scleral Flap (author's transl)]. AB - In order to obtain a more permanent regulation of I.O.P. the size of the usual 20 mm2 scleral flap is reduced by about one half. Instead of the quadrangular scleral flap a lamellar triangular flap of 5 mm side length is prepared. This corresponds with a surface area of ca.10 mm2. The reduction of the scleral flap and accordingly the scleral wound does not lead to any disadvantages as compared to the method of Fronimopoulos. The advantages, however, are a significant shortening of the filtration path with less scarring tendency and a simpler way of preparing the scleral flap. Also in the combination of cataract and glaucoma operations the triangular scleral flap was found to be useful. PMID- 7253492 TI - [Long-term treatment of glaucoma with propranolol ophthalmic solution (author's transl)]. AB - The intraocular pressure-lowering effect of the beta-blocker Propranolol, in a concentration of 0.5% eye drops, was tested over a long-term study period of six years on 27 patients. We describe the treatment of angle-closure (eight patients) and open-angle glaucoma (14), congenital glaucoma (2), pigmentary glaucoma (2) and aphakic glaucoma (1). Propranolol decreased intraocular pressure without causing miosis, accommodative spasm or other irritating side effects. In seven patients, however, the pressure was not lowered sufficiently with each treatment. During the examination period pulse rate was slowed and blood pressure reduced to a relatively minor extent, but this did not seriously affect circulation. PMID- 7253495 TI - [Intraocular pressure and coagulation of the vidian nerve (author's transl)]. AB - A parasympathetic innervation of the choroidal blood vessels of facial nerve origin with a relay in the pterygopalatine ganglion has been described anatomically by Ruskell (1970). In three patients, we recorded the intraocular pressure before, during and up to 1 month after coagulation of the nerve of the pterygoid canal. PMID- 7253497 TI - [Retinal detachment limited by spontaneously developing pigment bands (author's transl)]. AB - A report on twelve patients seen during a period of ten years, all of whom presented with retinal detachment limited by spontaneously developing "barriers" consisting of heavily pigmented or depigmented bands. The strength of these bands is discussed. On the basis of clinical experience they can only be considered stable in rare cases; the detachment usually progresses beyond them in time. PMID- 7253496 TI - [Retinal detachment with spontaneous reattachment (author's transl)]. AB - A report on eight patients with retinal detachment in whom spontaneous reattachment occurred. The reattachment process was slow and was accompanied by massive subretinal pigmentations. Those patients who were examined had complete loss of function in the area of the visual field affected by the reattachment. PMID- 7253498 TI - [Correlation between form and progression of diabetic preretinitis (author's transl)]. AB - Ninety-three patients with typical symptoms of diabetic preretinitis were kept under observation for three to five years (on average 3.9 years), and examined by fluorescein angiography at least once a year. The progress of the various individual symptoms, such as capillary occlusions, pigment extravasation from small vessels, microaneurysms and AV shunts was statistically significant in patients suffering from a predominantly occlusive form of diabetic preretinitis. Hence, more rapid progression of changes must be expected in such patients thn in those suffering from exudative forms. PMID- 7253499 TI - [How effective is photocoagulation? (author's transl)]. AB - Six hypotheses relating to the mode of action of photocoagulation, based on comprehensive data gathered from the literature, are put forward and discussed. Particular emphasis is given to the question of achieving a lasting break through of the barrier represented by Bruch's membrane and the pigment epithelium and thus to the altered diffusion conditions between the choriocapillaries and the retina. In addition a peculiar marginal fluorescence in fluorescein serial angiograms of old light coagulation foci is described and compared with data from the literature. The authors put forward a new hypothesis concerning the mode of action of light coagulation; they believe that particularly in the marginal areas affected by photocoagulation, completely new conditions are created for the metabolic exchange between choroid and retina, including the formation of anastomoses and shunts. PMID- 7253500 TI - [Fluorescein fundus angiography of the iris (author's transl)]. AB - A special method of examining hemodynamic and hydrodynamic conditions of the iris and the ciliary body is described. The process is based on the injection of fluorescein solution into the vortex vein of a rabbit. PMID- 7253501 TI - [Tapetoretinal dystrophy--a diagnosis involving obligation (author's transl)]. AB - History and photographic documentation of an unusual case of tapetoretinal degeneration: Pigmentary retinal dystrophy was diagnosed in a seven-year-old boy who was originally referred for ophthalmological examination because of follicular conjunctivitis. The child's relatives had not been informed of the presence of a heredodegenerative condition, even though there had been two cases of blindness in the family in the first generation. Treatment was attempted with anthocyanosides (Difrarel-100/Difrarel-E). Local therapy comprised Chibro-Uvelin eye drops and Re-Pla-Serol ointment. Dark glasses with lateral protection were also prescribed. PMID- 7253503 TI - [Principles of treatment for cyclic deviation (author's transl)]. AB - The determination of cyclic deviation furnishes a more thorough knowledge of pareses with a rotational component. As a result it is possible to develop guidelines for surgery to correct motion disturbances, especially procedures on the oblique vertical motors. PMID- 7253504 TI - [Long-term treatment of open-angle glaucoma with bupranolol eye drops (author's transl)]. AB - In this study we examined the effect of Bupranolol eye drops on 10 patients with open-angle glaucoma. Treatment extended over six months. Bupranolol eye drops lowered intraocular pressure by about 15% over a prolonged period. Some patients needed treatment in combination with miotics. Visual acuity and visual fields remained constant. As a rule, Bupranolol was tolerated well by the patients PMID- 7253505 TI - [Benign choroidal folds (author's transl)]. AB - Report on a patient with choroidal folds in one eye. The cause could not be established. The combination of echography and computerized tomography proved extremely useful in ruling out a neoplasm. The characteristic fluorescein angiographic pattern differentiates choroidal from retinal folds. Etiologic and therapeutic considerations mentioned in literature are discussed. However modern diagnostic methods do not obviate the need for careful long-term follow-up of clinical condition. PMID- 7253506 TI - [The socio-medical importance of windscreen injuries (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of car accidents on professional and private activities were analyzed from the catamneses of 210 patients treated between 1967 and 1977 (35% of all windscreen injuries treated at Munster University Eye Hospital). The accidents were reconstructed and the costs due to them estimated. PMID- 7253502 TI - [B-scan echography in the diagnosis of certain diseases of the eye and the orbit (author's transl)]. AB - Echography is a valuable aid to the recognition differentiation and localization of various pathologic conditions of the eye and the orbit. The A and B scans should be used in combination. Since they complement one another to a considerable extent. PMID- 7253507 TI - [Differential diagnosis of postoperative glaucoma following iridectomy and filtering procedures (author's transl)]. AB - The various causes of elevated intraocular pressure following glaucoma surgery are described. One has to differentiate between failures after peripheral iridectomy (Table 1) and those following filtering interventions. The clinical picture of a postoperative narrow-angle glaucoma must be analyzed carefully; it may be due to pupillary block, plateau-iris syndrome or even to a ciliary block (malignant glaucoma). The failure of filtering procedures may be due to mechanisms blocking the trephination opening, cicatrization of the conjunctiva or a ciliary block. The diagnosis criteria of the different conditions and the respective therapeutic measures are outlined. PMID- 7253508 TI - [Trabeculectomy in cases of angle closure glaucoma--successes and failures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7253509 TI - [Differential diagnosis of hereditary optic atrophy (author's transl)]. AB - The problem of differential diagnosis is discussed with regard to Leber's optic atrophy and dominant optic atrophy occurring in childhood. The discussion is based on case reports on four members of the same family who were affected at very different ages and in whom the disease developed differently. Various symptoms are compared with data already published. It is impossible to classify the members of this family according to any particular group on the basis of these data. PMID- 7253510 TI - [Long-term treatment of circulatory disturbances of the retina and optic (author's transl)]. AB - Forty-six patients with in most cases severe vascular degenerative retinochoroidal circulatory disturbances or with glaucomatous visual field defects were treated with rokan dragees (160 mg/day for four weeks, then 120 mg/day). The following were checked at monthly intervals to determine the degree of success of the treatment: visual acuity, visual field, funduscopy, pulse rate and blood pressure, sometimes including intraocular pressure, fluorescence angiography and ODG. The results of the treatment are reported and discussed with regard to the largely bad prognosis of these serious disorders. PMID- 7253511 TI - [Toxocara canis (larva migrans visceralis) from an ophthalmological point of view (author's transl)]. AB - Visceral Larva Migrans (Toxocara canis) is usually a relatively benign disease which is caused by infective second-stage larvae of the common cosmopolitan ascarid of dogs, characterized chiefly by sustained eosinophilia, pulmonary symptoms and hepatomegaly. Its severity varies with the number of larvae in the tissue and the immune or allergic state of the infected individual. The most important aspect of the neurotropic larvae perhaps is its potential as a facilitating agent, for instance, for Virus or Toxoplasma gondii invasion of the central nervous system by destroying the blood-brain barrier. Ocular invasion characteristically occurs after primary infestation, seldom bilaterally. Larvae may present three different ocular lesions: a granulomatosis at the posterior pole (solitary granuloma), a chronic endophthalmitis or peripheral retinal lesions with proliferation. Prognosis regarding visual acuity depends on early diagnosis and larval localization. The author reports on successful therapy with a combination of antibiotics, sulfonamides, prednisolone and vermifuge. The microprecipitation test on living larvae is considered to be superior all serological tests at present but a negative result (at first) does not exclude T. canis invasion (compare case report). LMV syndrome should be ruled out if the patient suffers from cerebral spasms whose cause is unclear. PMID- 7253512 TI - [Posttraumatic dyslexia without agraphia (author's transl)]. AB - Dyslexia without agraphia is a highly complex cerebral malfunction. A posttraumatic case is considered. The localisation of the lesion is remarkable and leads to the conclusion that associative paths have been largely destroyed. PMID- 7253513 TI - [Relationships between fusion and visual acuity (author's transl)]. AB - The physiological importance of fusion is discussed with special reference to the relationship between fusion and visual acuity. Refraction, horizontal movement, and quantitative and qualitative components of fusion were studied in binocular and amblyopic subjects. In finger-counting tests at two to three meters or visual acuity of 0.1 in one eye and adequate or normal vision in the other, fusion values were within the normal range in 21 of the 180 subjects examined. In cases of eccentric fixation the parafoveal "center" of the retina is capable of triggering binocular vision. PMID- 7253514 TI - [Modification of gold implant for lagophthalmos (author's transl)]. AB - This paper presents a modified procedure for the treatment of paralysis lagophthalmos with gold weights. Instead of a single weight, a mosaic of smaller pieces is sewn into the superior tarsus in order to allow a better cosmetic result and an easier eversion of the upper lid when needed. PMID- 7253515 TI - [Echography in posterior scleritis (author's transl)]. AB - Following a brief clinical description of posterior scleritis its echographical criteria are described with reference to a case history: broad scleral echos with high reflectivity and poor sound attenuation in the A-scan are characteristic, as well as clear demarcation of the thickened posterior sclera from the orbital tissue and edema in Tenon's space in the B-scan. PMID- 7253516 TI - [Spontaneous regression of exudative retinal detachment after cryotherapy and scleral buckling (author's transl)]. AB - A report on four cases of exudative retinal detachment following scleral buckling with cryotherapy. In two cases subretinal fluid began to reaccumulate 24 hours after operation and in two cases after 48 hours. Cryotherapy is assumed to be the main factor causing this exudative response. In all four cases the fluid resorbed within 11 days to five weeks without further surgical intervention. PMID- 7253517 TI - [Long-term treatment of angle-closure glaucoma with bupranolol eye drops (author's transl)]. AB - In this study we report on the effect of Bupranolol eye drops on 10 patients who, prior to treatment, experienced decompensation of their glaucoma in spite of the use of miotics or who were not given biotics treatment because of their occupation or because of severe subjective complaints. Treatment with Bupranolol is given for six months and results in clear reduction of intraocular pressure in all patients, so that satisfactory control can be achieved with Bupranolol eye drops either alone or in combination with a miotic agent. As a rule, Bupranolol is tolerated well by all patients. PMID- 7253518 TI - [A combination of 1% guanethidine and 0.2% epinephrine in drop form to lower IOP in open-angle glaucoma (author's transl)]. AB - Topical administration of guanethidine leads to a "chemical postganglionic sympathectomy" that causes a hypersensitivity to epinephrine in the eye. Therefore, even low concentrations of epinephrine added to guanethidine lower intraocular pressure efficiently in cases of open-angle glaucoma. In order to test the feasibility of a therapy with both low dosages and minimal effective concentrations, at the same time avoiding the disadvantages of topical parasympathicomimetic treatment in normalizing intraocular pressure, a long-term study of ten patients presenting with confirmed open-angle glaucoma is being carried out. It has now been running for 15 months. A collyrium containing 1.0% guanethidine and 0.2% epinephrine is administered topically. The results and the statistical evaluation confirm a significant lowering of intraocular pressure without triggering any signs of tachyphylaxy during the whole duration of the trial. This represents a further alternative to nonmiotic treatment of open-angle glaucoma. PMID- 7253519 TI - [Assessment of treatment of retinal angiopathies (author's transl)]. AB - Angiopathies of the retina are the most common cause of blindness. Since it is difficult to assess the success of treatment by measuring visual acuity, not only because of restriction to the central area, today's trend is increasingly towards determination of capillary resistance, capillary permeability and platelet aggregation as objective criteria. The principles and relation to underlying diseases are discussed. As an example of variation of these parameters under the influence of capillary-active substances, the effects of hydroxy-ethylated rutosides are discussed. PMID- 7253520 TI - [The American Optical non-contact tonometer and its results compared with the Goldmann applanation tonometer (author's transl)]. AB - Intraocular pressure (IOP) of 617 eyes was measured with both an AO non-contact tonometer (NCT) and a Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT). - Statistical evaluation and the scattergram gave the following results: Correlation coefficient r = 0.74. Regression line y = 3.01 + 0.8x. Close agreement between mean GAT (17.8 mmHg) and mean NCT (17.3 mmHg). Variations in readings for NCT-GAT in 92% of all cases with a range of +/- 8 mmHg (95% reliability range) - in some cases much higher or lower - for all IOP values between 10 and 30 mmHg. - Ten NCT measurements were carried out on 42 eyes. The mean values lay between 9 and 22 mmHg, with deviations of up to +/- 6 mmHg from the GAT values. The range was 3 to 13 mmHg, averaging 7.1 mmHg. Standard deviations observed from these measurements were 1.03 minimum, 2.29 average and 3.99 maximum. These were not correlated to IOP. - Changes in the place of applanation are discussed as a possible cause of the variability of NCT readings. PMID- 7253521 TI - [Measuring procedure for the determination of the location, nature and size of metallic foreign objects in the eye by means of an electromagnetic sensor (author's transl)]. AB - A new electromagnetic localization technique for determination of foreign bodies in the eye provides, according to initial experiments carried out under test conditions, both more exact localization than that possible with the usual techniques, and information regarding the magnetic properties and the size of the foreign body. In the following article, the basic principles of this new method are presented, together with the first experimental results obtained with the electromagnetic sensor. PMID- 7253523 TI - [PUVA treatment and the problem of ocular damage (author's transl)]. AB - Recently, psoriasis has been shown to respond favorably to PUVA treatment, i.e., local or systemic therapy with a photosensitizer (e.g., 8-methoxypsoralen) and subsequent long UV irradiation. The possibility of this treatment damaging the eye is discussed in the light of various experimental results. As toxic changes only occur when photosensitizer and UVA act jointly, the eyes of PUVA-treated patients must be shielded from any ultraviolet exposure by UV-absorbing protective glasses with side shields. Such glasses should have no significant absorption in the visible range. The new Spectra Shield process enables lenses to be coated in such a way that virtually no UV or IR radiation is transmitted. PMID- 7253522 TI - [The therapy of congenital dacryostenosis]. PMID- 7253525 TI - [Nine years' experience of tumor cryotherapy in the cranial region (author's transl)]. AB - The excellent results of more than nine years work in cryosurgery of 1540 cases of tumors of the head are discussed from an ophthalmological and dermatological viewpoint. The majority were basal cell carcinomas of the lids. In the five-year follow-up period 5.5% of basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas turned out to be recidives. The paper discusses the techniques of cryosurgical treatment, data from temperature measurements and histological investigations and the possibility of qualitative evaluation of cryodestruction of tumors by means of low-frequency electrical impedance measurements. PMID- 7253526 TI - [Rare form of ocular involvement in relapsing polychondritis (author's transl)]. AB - Report on a 56-year-old woman with relapsing polychondritis, with ocular involvement in the form of bilateral optic atrophy and paresis of the extraocular muscles. The cause of this disorder has not yet been identified, although it is presumed to be an immune disease. Clinically there are some obvious similarities to systemic vasculitis. PMID- 7253524 TI - [Topographic aspects of the progression of diabetic retinopathy (an experimental set-up for the evaluation of medical influencability) (author's transl)]. AB - Within the past five years fluorescein angiography of six different fundus areas was performed at intervals of six months on a total of 365 patients exhibiting non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy without diabetic maculopathy. Within that period, diabetic maculopathy was observed to develop in 195 eyes, vasoproliferation in 20 eyes. Within the general scope of fluctuation of the angiographic picture of retinal capillary perfusion disturbance, zones of continuous progression were encountered in 246 eyes. In 183 out of 195 eyes which developed diabetic maculopathy the distinct areas of relentless progression were located 2--6 PD's temporal to the macula; in the total 20 eyes which had advanced to the proliferative stage similar areas were encountered, located nasally 2--6 PD's above and below the optic disk. PMID- 7253527 TI - [A case of interstitial keratitis associated with congenital syphilis (author's transl)]. AB - A case of interstitial keratitis associated with congenital syphilis in a 25-year old Italian woman is reported. Clinical picture, treatment and family implications are discussed. PMID- 7253528 TI - [Total aniridia: a problem of bulbus rupture (author's transl)]. AB - In two cases of total aniridia after contusion of the eyeball, small perforating wounds near the limbus were found. The entire iris can only have become detached from the eye as a result of this very small wound. The theory concerning the cause of total traumatic aniridia is discussed. PMID- 7253530 TI - [Anthocyanosides in the treatment of retinopathies (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty-one patients with various types of retinopathy were investigated with regard to the effect of anthocyanosides on the retinal vessels. Especially in patients with diabetic retinopathy, a positive influence on the permeability and tendency to hemorrhage was observed. The importance of internal treatment of the primary disease is pointed out. PMID- 7253531 TI - [Experience with a blood extract in the treatment of corneal lesions (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of Solcoseryl Eye Jelly (a protein-free extract from blood of young calves) was studied in 202 cases of corneal diseases of various etiology. It had an accelerating action on the reepithelization of the cornea after alkali burns, inflammations, injuries (foreign body and contact lenses and in keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The stability of the precorneal film was increased. The tendency toward symblepharon formation after alkali burns was considerably reduced. PMID- 7253529 TI - [General anesthesia in eye operations (author's transl)]. AB - This retrospective study reports on ten years' experience of general anesthesia in ophthalmosurgery (4080 cases) at the General Hospital in Linz, Austria. The majority of patients in ophthalmosurgery are infants, children and geriatric patients confronting the anesthesiologist with specific problems. Anesthesiologic techniques and complications are discussed. Cooperation and continuous qualified anesthesiologic care are essential for good results. In bulb-opening procedures Valium-Neuroleptanalgesia is preferred, as it involves less stress, especially for the geriatric patient, and insures optimal operating conditions for the ophthalmologist. In the Linz General Hospital general anesthesia has become the method of choice in eye surgery. PMID- 7253532 TI - [Manual projection perimetry combined with a pattern (author's transl)]. AB - The use of a uniform pattern for perimetry at the center of the visual field enables scotomas boundaries to be reproduced with almost complete authenticity, and small, isolated losses to be determined. As is the case with several automatic perimeters, the pattern principle can be used manually with the Goldmann projection perimeter; it is only necessary to modify the visual field scheme. The uniform pattern also permits the extent of central visual field loss to be expressed by means of a quotient which is simple to calculate. PMID- 7253533 TI - [Investigations into the importance of the statutory accident insurance scheme for children and students in North-Rhine Westphalia on the basis of 2917 analyzed cases (author's transl)]. AB - A review of the eye injuries recorded by a major statutory insurance corporation showed that eye injuries are the third most common type of injury, following surgical and neurosurgical cases. It was found that eye injuries have the lowest tendency to improve as expressed in terms of a modification of compensatory annuities. PMID- 7253535 TI - Significance of hyperlactatemia in acute hypnotic drug poisoning. AB - Lactate concentration, fibrinogen and fibrin(ogen) -- degradation-products in central venous blood were analysed in 35 unconscious patient with acute hypnotic drug poisoning (HDP) and compared with the results in 13 healthy control persons undergoing the same degree of forced diuresis via central venous catheters. Blood samples were taken on admission and at 12 h intervals up to 36 h after admission. Patients with HDP were attributed to the categories of moderate intoxications (n = 17) and severe intoxications (n = 18) according to their clinical condition. On admission, blood lactate was significantly higher in severe intoxication (3.90 +/ 2.94 mmol/l) as compared to the control group (1.25 +/- 0.17 mmol/l). Blood lactate was less elevated in moderate poisoning (2.74 +/- 1.22 mmol/l). Thirty six hours after admission blood lactate was completely normalised in patients with moderate intoxication (1.19 +/- 0.69 mmol/l) but still significantly elevated in severely poisoned patients (2.26 +/- 1.48 mmol/l). Lactate concentration was above normal in 15 out of 17 patients with moderate and in 17 out of 18 patients with severe poisoning. A statistically significant linear correlation existed between the duration of unconsciousness and the maximal lactate concentration within 12 hrs after admission. For fibrinogen concentrations statistically significant differences were observed neither between groups nor across time. Titers of FDP were elevated in 9 out of 11 patients with moderate and to a higher degree in all patients with severe poisoning, indicating low rate DIC. Hyperlactatemia is a frequent finding in acute hypnotic drug poisoning. Blood lactate estimations may improve the evaluation of the severity of poisoning and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. PMID- 7253536 TI - Magnesium concentration in saliva -- an indicator of digitalis toxicity. ? AB - In a prospective study salivary magnesium was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 168 patients on chronic digoxin therapy. Magnesium concentration in saliva was correlated with clinical data and plasma digoxin levels. A significant elevation in salivary magnesium concentration was caused by digoxin therapy (0.58 +/- 0.39 mmol/l, n = 93) in comparison to patients with no digitalis treatment (0.17 +/- 0.07 mmol/l, n = 35). Magnesium concentrations in saliva were significantly higher in toxic patients (1.1 +/- 0.68 mmol/l, n = 32) than in nontoxic patients. Possibly toxic patients showed a magnesium level of saliva of 0.63 +/- 0.39 mmol/l (n = 40). In 89% of the intoxicated patients salivary magnesium concentrations were higher than 1.0 mmol/l. The overlap of magnesium between toxic and nontoxic patients was less as compared to calcium and potassium concentrations in saliva. No changes were noted in serum magnesium levels. Magnesium concentration in saliva was influenced by chronic digoxin therapy only. No significant increase of magnesium in saliva was observed within 24 h after i.v. injection of 1.0 mg digoxin in four healthy volunteers. It is concluded that salivary magnesium concentration is a valid method for monitoring digoxin therapy in addition to plasma digoxin levels. PMID- 7253534 TI - [Pathogenic significance of bile acids (author's transl)]. AB - Because of their amphiphilic properties, bile acids have important physiological functions. However, they can also be pathogenetically active. Some recent findings on the biochemistry and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids are presented. In contrast to the adult liver where the only primary bile acids formed are cholic- and chenodeoxycholic acid, the foetal liver is able to synthesise a variety of "atypical" bile acids. Under certain circumstances, a retrograde differentiation is possible in the adult. The very effective transport systems in gut and in the sinusoidal and canalicular membrane of the liver cell limit the bile acids almost exclusively to the enterohepatic circulation. During transport in blood, through biomembranes and in the liver cytosol, bile acids are bound to carrier proteins. The carrier has been detected using photoaffinity labelling. Following biotransformation (sulphation and glucuronidation) pathogenetically active bile acids can be converted into derivatives which can be rapidly eliminated. Disturbances of these mechanisms result in functional defects and diseases. The pathological significance of bile acids in hepato-biliary diseases is represented with regard to the cholestatic and proliferative effect of individual bile acids. The significance of bile acids in chologenic diarrhea, steatorrhea and enteral hyperoxaluria are presented as examples of the pathogenetic effects of bile acids on the gut. In these diseases it is possible to recognise the specific effects of certain bile acids on the colon mucosa. Recent studies have demonstrated that bile acids are possibly of pathogenetic significance in the case of epidemiologically proven relationship between colon carcinoma and high fat, high cholesterol and low fibre diets. PMID- 7253539 TI - Short- and long-term effects of hydralazine and combined hydralazine-prenalterol therapy in severe chronic congestive heart failure. AB - The hemodynamic benefits of combined administration of prenalterol (P) with hydralazine (H) were evaluated in ten patients with severe chronic heart failure. Single administration of 100 mg H increased cardiac index (CI) from 2.3 to 3.0 l/min/m2, whereas pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PWC) remained unchanged. After 3--4 weeks of treatment with 200 mg H hemodynamic improvementt was maintained (CI: 2.9 l/min/m2). Additional administration of P caused further augmentation of CI (3.3 l/min/m2). After long-term treatment with the combination of H and P sustained augmentation of CI (3.2 l/min/m2), and, furthermore, a slight but significant decrease of PCW were observed (p less than 0.05 vs. chronic single H-therapy). Five patients were able to perform exercise testing; H improved maximal exercise capacity and exercise hemodynamics in three patients. Further improvemen was observed after combined treatment (H + P) in three of five patients. It is concluded, the prenalterol may enhance the effectiveness of hydralazine therapy in congestive heart failure by providing concomitantly the principal actions of the vasodilator and positive inotropic agent used separately. Furthermore, the results indicate that oral long-term administration of hydralazine and prenalterol can produce sustained beneficial improvement. PMID- 7253541 TI - IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgM) in "healthy" HBsAg carriers: a longitudinal study of 75 cases. AB - In 75 healthy HBsAg carriers with normal liver tissue who were followed over a four years period, anti-HBc IgM was determined by ELISA. 61 HBsAg carriers (81%) were positive for anti-HBc IgM at first investigation. 54 individuals demonstrated persistence of anti-HBc IgM, 7 became anti-HBc IgM-negative within the observation period. 12 persons were persistent anti-HBc IgM of low quantities. 3 of 4 individuals with HBsAg clearance demonstrated a considerable decrease of anti-HBc IgM concentration. Although signs of liver damage or development of chronic liver diseases were not observed at the time of control biopsy the existence of anti-HBcIgM indicates that there exists also in healthy HBsAg carriers a persistent stimulation by HBcAg, inducing the production of anti HBc IgM as a sign of permanent ongoing virus B replication. These results require a new and critical review of the "healthy" HBsAg carrier state. PMID- 7253537 TI - Hemodynamic response to graded water immersion. AB - Hemodynamic response to graded immersion was studied in healthy male subjects in a thermoneutral bath in the sitting position. Pressures in the right heart and cardiac output were determined by means of a semifloating catheter with a thermistor probe. Pressures in the right atrium, pulmonary artery and in pulmonary wedge position increased with increasing depth of immersion, cardiac output was likewise augmented. Heart rate decreased from rest to hip immersion but remained constant from hip to head out water immersion. Plasma norepinephrine concentration remained constant throughout the experiment. The reported changes depend on the blood shift from capacitance vessels into the thoracic cavity. From this, preload increased and cardiac performance was improved. However, in patients with disturbed left ventricular function, immersion to the neck may be potentially hazardous due to augmented left ventricular filling pressure. PMID- 7253538 TI - [Pattern quantification of coronary artery stenosis by computerized analysis of multiple ECG parameters (author's transl)]. AB - Coronary angiograms of 200 patients with coronary artery disease were studied. The distribution of stenoses was analyzed and classified utilizing a special score, taking into account coronary supply pattern (according to Baroldi et al.), localization and severity of stenosis, as well as collateralization. Frank-lead vectorcardiograms were obtained and analyzed by computer. 140 scalar and spatial vector parameters were evaluated. A statistical comparison was made in 36 patients with highgrade stenoses of the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery with 37 patients without such vascular narrowing. Utilizing 4 ECG-parameters a mathematical formula can be derived which separates the two groups. Another equation based on 5 parameters allows the calculation of a score from conventional electrocardiograms. By discriminance analysis a specificity of 78.4% and a sensibility of 77.8 in prediction results for the group with stenosis. For the control group a specificity of 75.7% and a sensibility of 77.8% were computed. Correlation between the score obtained by calculation on the one hand, and the score derived from direct analysis of the arteriogram was highly significant with an r = 0.796. PMID- 7253540 TI - [Different effect of taurolithocholate and chenodeoxycholate on structure and function of isolated hepatocytes (author's transl)]. AB - Alterations of cellular membranes under the influence of bile acids seem to be of pathophysiological importance in cholestasis. The effect of taurolithocholic acid (TLCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) on membrane structure and release of cellular enzymes was studied on isolated rat hepatocytes. The response of urea synthesis to glucagon was used as a parameter of membrane function. The threshold dose of TLCA, marked by rapidly increasing enzyme release, was about 100 micrometers, whereas that of CDCA was between 500 and 1,000 micrometers. Addition of albumin (1 g-%) increased the threshold dose of CDCA; this occurred for TLCA only 8 g-%. Electron-microscopical alterations of the endoplasmic reticulum and submembranous areas were found with concentrations below these threshold doses even in the presence of albumin. These alterations are interpreted as disturbance of cellular transport and energy metabolism. TLCA inhibited glucagon response of cells in concentrations below 100 micrometers. These results demonstrate an influence of the bile acids studied on structure and function of liver cell membranes, which may be of importance in the pathogenesis of cholestasis. The rough endoplasmic reticulum could be another cellular structure which is affected by these bile acids. PMID- 7253543 TI - Hepatitis-B virus-associated deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase: a partial characterization by the use of chemical agents. AB - The very limited coding capacity of the HBV-DNA led us to study the nature of the HBV (Dane particle) -- associated DNA polymerase. The HBV-associated DNA polymerase met in many respects the characteristics of the repair enzyme of the host: the DNA polymerase beta. It operates under high salt conditions, and exhibits similar salt effects with NaCl, KCL, and PO4(3-). It is insensitive to sulfhydryl group blockers, such as p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide, is resistant to phosphonoacetic acid, and not inhibited by 5 mol/l urea. It requires a divalent cation (Mg2+) for activity, the Mg2+ concentration revealing optimal activity is somewhat higher than that described for most DNA polymerases beta. The HBV-associated DNA polymerase differs also from most DNA polymerase beta in its sensitivity ot ddTTP and its optimal pH. The fact that DNA polymerase beta of different origin vary considerably in their response to chemical agents and that the DNA polymerase beta from human liver has not been studied allows no definite conclusion as to the nature of the Dane particle-associated DNA polymerase. PMID- 7253544 TI - Ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of hepatic and pancreatic space-occupying lesions and percutaneous abscess drainage. AB - Ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy as a safe, easy and uncomplicated procedure permitted cytological diagnosis in 54 out of 57 patients (94.7%) with confirmed tumor infiltrations of the liver and in 25 out of 30 patients (83.3%) with sonographically localized space -- occupying tumor-suspect lesions of the pancreas, 22 of which were verified as pancreatic cancer by laparatomy or autopsy, 3 patients suffered from malignant lymphoma. False negative results were obtained in 1.8% and 6.7%, respectively. There was no false positive diagnosis of neoplasm. Ultrasonically guided aspiration biopsy thus appears to be an excellent method for verification of clinically or sonographically suspected hepatic or pancreatic tumors or such suspected by other procedures. 42 cysts or abscesses in pancreas and liver were punctured and drained in 8 cases, using a flexible catheter. The therapeutical management of cysts or abscesses under ultrasonic guidance may shorten hospitalization or avoid intraabdominal operation. PMID- 7253545 TI - Separation of left atrium from right pulmonary artery: a new echocardiographic sign of pericardial effusion. AB - We report a new echocardiographic sign of pericardial effusion in patients with pericardial effusion examined by the suprasternal approach. In normal individuals the right pulmonary artery is closely connected with the superior wall of the left atrium. A separation of these structures is only to be noticed during atrial contraction. In 12 of 17 patients with a pericardial effusion observed a separation of the left atrium from the right pulmonary artery ranging from 3 to 20 mm throughout the cardial cycle. We suggest that this echo-free zone represents fluid in the transverse pericardial sinus which is located between the two structures. In five patients with a small pericardial effusion (less than 400 ml) this observation could not be made. PMID- 7253542 TI - Quantitation of HBeAG and anti-HBe by RIA in sera of chronic HBsAG carriers and individuals with type B hepatitis. AB - This paper gives the results for HBeAg and anti-HBe titers in chronic HBsAg carriers and patients with type B hepatitis using a "solid-phase" radioimmunoassay. In tumor and hemodialysis patients the HBeAg titers are statistically significant higher compared to the group of HBsAg positive CAH or CPH. High anti-HBe titers are a characteristic finding in "healthy" HBsAg carriers. On the other hand, there is a subgroup of HBsAg positive CAH with anti HBe; although there are signs of an ongoing virus B replication these cases of CAH proceed sometimes to cirrhosis. PMID- 7253546 TI - The "glucose effect" in acute hepatic porphyrias and in experimental porphyria. AB - The "glucose effect" was investigated in human acute hepatic porphyrias (acute intermittent porphyria, variegate porphyria, coproporphyria and porphobilinogen synthase defect porphyria) and in avian liver cells. 8 patients (7 women) with acute abdominal-neurological porphyria syndrome and 3 patients (2 women) in the remission phase were treated with high carbohydrate intake (approximately 500 g/24 h), mainly in form of intravenous glucose infusions. The biochemical response with a decrease of metabolites of porphyrin biosynthesis was highly significant, accompanied by clinical improvement in 10 courses of 9 patients. Two patients with delayed detection of the disease under the condition of Landry paralysis died after temporary clinical improvement due to ventricular arrythmias in one case and septicemia in the other. The importance of early diagnosis and therapy, and omission of drugs and alcohol cannot be overemphasized. Complementary studies show the "glucose effect" in drug -mediated induction of porphyrin synthesis in liver cells grown in culture: delta-Aminolevulinic acid synthase and protoporphyrin synthesis are repressed. PMID- 7253547 TI - [On the prognostic value of the 1-h level in the glucose tolerance test. (Five year follow-up with long-term hospitalised psychiatric patients) (author's transl)]. AB - In 922 long-term hospitalised psychiatric patients the glucose tolerance war examined by 1-h level after oral glucose during a five year follow-up study on cardio-vascular risk factors. We were unable to determine the future development of metabolism with reference to normal findings of the test, borderlines levels ans positively impaired glucose tolerance. But it was to be seen than depending on increasing basic levels the tendency towards a decrease in glucose tolerance increased too. As far as prognosis is concerned, a turning-point for the further development either towards a return to normal or a manifest diabetes seems to be at 180 mg% after 1 h. Above this level, the probability to develop manifest diabetes respectively a higher degree of impaired tolerance has become within a few years, just as great as the probability of a remission. The tendency towards a decreasing glucose tolerance or the manifestation of diabetes was furthered by initial existence or development of a higher overweight (more than 30%). PMID- 7253548 TI - [Unexpected metabolic acidosis in severe lye poisoning (author's transl)]. AB - A woman 38 years of age suffering from severe peroral lye intoxication, without shock, developed prolonged metabolic acidosis lasting for 8 days despite substitution therapy. Metabolic acidosis was caused by lactic acid. The increased lactic acid production in the marginal regions of the corroded upper digestive tract as well as the impaired lactate removal by the injured liver were most probably responsible for this lactic acidosis. PMID- 7253549 TI - Selective media for Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica. AB - Easily prepared and inexpensive culture medium for the isolation of Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica from the nares of laboratory rabbits was prepared by incorporating 2 micrograms/ml clindamycin into standard blood agar. Using this medium, the time and materials required to identify and isolate Pasteurella multocida was substantially reduced with only a slight loss in sensitivity. The combination of 2 micrograms/ml clindamycin and 4 micrograms/ml neomycin was effective in isolating Bordetella bronchiseptica from rabbits. PMID- 7253550 TI - Evaluation of a killed phase I Coxiella burnetii vaccine in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). AB - The protective efficacy of a killed, purified, phase I Coxiella burnetii vaccine was tested in cynomolgus monkeys. Monkeys vaccinated once with 30 micrograms of the antigen were challenged 6 or 12 months later with virulent phase I rickettsiae administered in small-particle aerosols. The vaccine provided only partial protection, since some of the challenged monkeys developed clinical signs of illness. However, the vaccinated animals did not develop pneumonia as determined by radiographic evaluation nor any hematologic or chemical changes except for an increase in fibrinogen. Although rickettsiae were isolated from peripheral blood in vaccinated monkeys, the rickettsemia persisted for only 1-2 days; whereas, organisms were recovered from unvaccinated animals for 6-7 days. All vaccinated animals had circulating microagglutinating antibodies to phase I and phase II antigens 6 and 12 months after vaccination. PMID- 7253551 TI - Demodicidosis in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). PMID- 7253552 TI - Spontaneous gastric erosions and ulcerations in BB Wistar rats. AB - One hundred thirty-four BB Wistar diabetic rats, 31 nondiabetic siblings, and 30 Wistar rats were necropsied. Gastric erosions and ulcers were observed in 43 (32.1%) of the diabetic rats and three (9.7%) of their nondiabetic siblings. None of the Wistar rats showed evidence of gastric mucosal injury. Lesions were most frequently found in the thick-walled, glandular portion of the stomach and were morphologically consistent with stress ulcers. BB Wistar rats may be valuable for studies on gastric stress ulcers. PMID- 7253553 TI - Body and organ size and composition during the breeding cycle of rats (Rattus norvegicus). PMID- 7253554 TI - Oral papillomatosis in two laboratory rabbits in Mexico. AB - Oral papillomas were identified in two New Zealand white male rabbits from Mexico City. The growths were observed on the tip and ventral aspect of the tongue in a 3-year-old rabbit weighing 4 kg and on the tip of the tongue in a 15-month-old rabbit weighing 3.6 kg. Microscopic examination of the lesions revealed epithelial papillomas around fibrovascular stalks, and ultrastructural examination disclosed crystalline arrays of viral particles consistent with papova virus. This finding extends the known geographic distribution of the disease. Previous cases have been from the United States, The Netherlands, and Great Britain. PMID- 7253555 TI - An aid to clinical diagnosis of tongue worms (Linguatula serrata) in dogs. AB - Over a 10-year period, approximately 18,500 fecal specimens and 500 nasal swabs from random-source dogs in the mid-western United States were examined. Seven cases of tongue worm infection, Linguatula serrata, were diagnosed by fecal examination, two of which were reconfirmed by positive nasal swabs and recovery of tongue worms from the nasal turbinates at necropsy. Gross and histopathologic examination of turbinates in the vicinity of the worms revealed no evidence of tissue damage which could be directly attributed to the parasites. PMID- 7253556 TI - Psorergatic mange (Acari:Psorergatidae) of the stumptail macaque (Macaca arctoides). AB - Psorergates (Psorobia) sp were recovered from dermal cysts on the face, chest, and abdomen of three stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides) in a breeding colony of research animals. The lesions were multiple and appeared as white, crusted structures measuring 2 to 10 mm in diameter. These lesions were not associated with pruritus or other clinical symptoms. The mites were embedded in the epidermis and associated with mild hyperkeratosis. A few mononuclear leukocytes were present in the dermal and subcutaneous tissues. PMID- 7253559 TI - Noninvasive technique for intravenous injection of guinea pigs. PMID- 7253557 TI - Description of a disposable individual-mouse urine collection apparatus. AB - An inexpensive, individual mouse urine collection apparatus was constructed from a 250 ml conical polypropylene centrifuge tube and wire cloth. The construction did not require special tools, and was completed in 1 hour. This apparatus allowed the ad libitum feeding and watering of individual mice during the urine collection period. Volumes of urine collected ranged from 0.5-2.0 ml per 24 hours per 25 g mouse. PMID- 7253558 TI - A simple, inexpensive restraining shield for laboratory rodents. PMID- 7253560 TI - Use of a mini-peristaltic pump for collection of blood from rabbits. PMID- 7253561 TI - Intimal alterations in rat aorta induced by stressful stimuli. PMID- 7253562 TI - Interaction of mononuclear leukocytes with malignant melanoma. AB - Since it is well established that cellular immunity plays a role in the defense against melanoma, the morphologic aspects of this reaction warranted investigation. Accordingly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from healthy donors were incubated with human melanoma cells for 1 to 24 hours to examine, on the ultrastructural level, the cellular interaction that eventuates in cytolysis of the tumor cells. Within 1 hour of incubation, monocytes and lymphocytes were seen attached to approximately 40 per cent of the melanoma cells with marked interdigitation of cellular processes. After 4 hours of incubation, the percentage of tumor cells with attached leukocytes remained the same, but 2 to 9 per cent of the melanoma cells showed interiorized lymphocytes when kept in suspension, 10 to 25 per cent when maintained in culture dishes. Erythrocytes or fixed lymphocytes were not taken up by the melanoma cells nor were living lymphocytes seen in fibroblasts or endothelial cells which served as controls for the neoplastic cell lines. Thus, melanoma cells did not prove to be randomly phagocytic, and the interiorization displayed by lymphocytes--a process called emperipolesis--appears to be selective. It is postulated that emperipolesis may enhance the tumoricidal effect exerted by cytotoxic lymphocytes on melanoma cells. PMID- 7253564 TI - Surface membrane alterations in guinea pig basophils undergoing anaphylactic degranulation. A scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Purified guinea pig blood basophils in short-term tissue culture were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by 1-micrometer. light microscopic Epon sections after exposure to specific antigen (sheep serum), to guinea pig serum, or to serum-free medium at intervals from 1 minute to 48 hours. Basophils fixed before culture, or after culture in serum-free medium, were spherical cells with uniformly distributed microvilli, ridges, and folds. In cultures with guinea pig serum, basophils frequently assumed a hand mirror configuration, characteristic of motile cells, with a single posterior, microvilli-bearing uropod and anterior ruffles. Specific antigen induced basophils to become rounded, regardless of the culture medium, and resulted in basophil degranulation and histamine release within 5 to 20 minutes. Exposure of cytoplasmic granules to the external medium was initiated by the development, early in degranulation, of a single, 1 to 2 micrometer. in diameter, opening (degranulation pore) in the plasma membrane. The degranulation pore enlarged progressively over 24 to 36 hours, ultimately permitting the egress of membrane free cytoplasmic granules. The cell pole opposite the degranulation orifice bore numerous prominent folds and ruffles, changes that persisted for at least 24 hours. By 48 hours after exposure to specific antigen (sheep serum), the surface features of basophils had reverted to those exhibited by unstimulated control cells. PMID- 7253565 TI - Plasma protein synthesis in experimental cirrhosis. Morphologic demonstration and functional correlations. PMID- 7253563 TI - Uptake by liver cells of endotoxin following its intravenous injection. PMID- 7253566 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum protein SAA in rhesus monkeys with secondary amyloidosis. AB - Tissue deposits of amyloid protein AA and a concomitant elevation of serum protein SAA have been demonstrated previously in mice and humans with secondary amyloidosis, but not in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). In this study, protein SAA was quantitated in normal and amyloidotic rhesus monkeys using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Protein AA was isolated from the liver of a rhesus monkey with secondary amyloidosis by a combination of water extraction and gel filtration chromatography. The purified material had rigid, nonbranching fibrillar structures typical of amyloid on electron microscopy and a molecular weight of 9000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid content and partial sequence were comparable to those reported previously for protein AA of rhesus monkeys. As measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, normal rhesus monkeys had SAA levels of 40 to 64 ng. of AA equivalents per ml., whereas amyloidotic rhesus monkeys had SAA levels of 1700 to 95,000 ng. of AA equivalents per ml. An elevation of protein SAA was also detected in an amyloidotic pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) using rabbit antirhesus protein AA. Rabbit antisera against human and mouse protein AA reacted strongly with rhesus protein AA and with amyloidotic rhesus serum, but only slightly with normal rhesus serum, indicating that rhesus proteins AA and SAA have antigenic determinants cross-reactive with protein AA of xenotypic species. PMID- 7253567 TI - Treatment of leprosy and immunologic considerations. PMID- 7253569 TI - A study of percutaneous renal biopsy in lepromatous leprosy. AB - Twenty one patients of lepromatous leprosy were investigated for evidence of renal diseases. Histological lesions were observed in 76 percent cases. Sixty two percent of the cases showed a proliferative type of glomerulonephritis. Amyloidosis was present in 14 percent. The remaining 24 percent had either non specific changes confined to renal tubules or were normal. PMID- 7253570 TI - Sequential renal functions in leprosy. AB - Sequential renal functions have been studied in eight patients of lepromatous leprosy during and after subsidence of erythema nodosum leprosum. The renal functions which were impaired during reaction were observed to improve during quiescent phase unless there were associated complications like amyloidosis. The possible mechanisms for altered renal functions during reactive phase of the disease have been discussed. PMID- 7253568 TI - Renal involvement in leprosy. AB - Renal involvement in 13 non-lepromatous and 17 lepromatous leprosy patients were assessed by routine urinalysis, detailed biochemical analysis of blood and urine and by renal histopathological studies and compared with 10 normal healthy controls. The presence of RBC and pus cells were detected in the urinary deposit of only one lepromatous leprosy patient in reactional phase. A reversal of albumin/globulin ratio was observed in 17.6% of non-lepromatous and 15.3% of lepromatous patients. 24 hours urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride and aminonitrogen of the patients were within the normal range. Forth seven percent of the non-lepromatous and 46% of the lepromatous patients had proteinuria. Even though the mean serum creatinine values of the patients showed no difference from that of the normals, the creatinine clearance was low in 82.3% of the non-lepromatous and in all of the lepromatous patients. Serum phosphorus, serum uric acid, urinary phosphate excretion and the renal tubular reabsorption of phosphorus of the patients were normal. Twenty one percutaneous renal biopsy specimens showed nonspecific pathological changes such as nephritis of various varieties in 71.4% of the specimens. Among the lepromatous group renal involvement was observed in 5 out of 9 cases (55.6%) and in the non-lepromatous group 10 out of 12 cases (83.3%). No acid fast bacilli, amyloid and granuloma were seen in any of the renal tissues studied. There was no definite correlation between the type of renal pathology and biochemical changes. None of the patient showed any clinical evidence of renal involvement. PMID- 7253571 TI - A study of cell mediated immunity in leprosy. AB - This paper presents a review of 123 cases of leprosy of different clinical types as regards to their status of cellular immunity. These 123 cases included 41 fresh cases, 18 cases of reaction and 64 cases of leprosy taking antileprosy treatment. Out of 41 untreated cases only 11 turned up for follow up and their lymphoblastic transformation was repeated 4 to 6 months after initiating the treatment. It was observed that cell mediated immunity as expressed in terms of percentage of blast cells is definitely depressed in leprosy, most in LL and least in TT. There is a definite increase in the percentage of blast cells after taking antileprosy treatment. The rise in percentage of blast cells and hence cellular immunity is relatively more in patients treated with Lamprene as compared to those treated with DDS. Reactions also have impact over immunity in leprosy. Thus, most of the patients with ENL show higher values for blast percentage as compared to those with lepra reaction. It appears that serial lymphocyte cultures if done in all cases of leprosy undergoing treatment will help in assessment of individual progress. PMID- 7253572 TI - Multi-drug treatment for reactions in leprosy. AB - Thirty three leprosy patients in reaction were treated with a combination of Metronidazole--Diethyl carbamazine citrate--Chloroquin which was reinforced either with prednisolone and/or Clofazimine in some, depending on the clinical state. The results were quite encouraging as to recommend the combination alone to be the first choice while encountering leprosy patients in reaction early during the maiden spell--at no time in any case was Dapsone withdrawn. PMID- 7253573 TI - An analysis into the trends of reconstructive surgery in Gudiyatham Taluk, a leprosy control area. AB - The trends in Reconstructive Surgery in Gudiyatham Taluk, an area where an effective Leprosy Control Programme has been in progress since 1963, were analysed. Over the years 1962-79, it is shown that there is a decline in the number of Reconstructive surgical operations in Karigiri, on patients from the Control area, even though the new case detection rate and the total number of operations from both control and non-control areas remained high. The decline in the number of Reconstructive Surgery on patients from a Control area, provides a reliable index to judge the efficacy of a Leprosy Control Programme. PMID- 7253575 TI - Knowledge about leprosy among leprosy patients. AB - A study on "Knowledge of Leprosy in Leprosy patients" was conducted in the Dermatology outpatient department of JIPMER. The study has shown that a good percentage of leprosy patients possess proper knowledge of leprosy in respect of its awareness, nature of treatment, consequences of lack of treatment and prevention of disease. Knowledge regarding the cause and mode of spread of disease and duration of treatment was lacking in majority of patients These areas should be given more concentration in educating the leprosy patients. It was found that literate patients possessed better knowledge than illiterate patients. PMID- 7253574 TI - A study of social stigma among leprosy patients attending leprosy clinic in Gwalior. AB - The present study is a longitudinal study and was undertaken from November 1977 to January 1979. The study included 344 cases of leprosy patients from different areas. The data was collected, tabulated and analysed which revealed the following salient features. 26.45% cases were having one, or more than one type of social stigma, 42.86% cases showed social stigma from their neighbours. 62.64% cases were having stigma for touch, 30.77% cases were in age group of 45--54 years. Males were more victims of social stigma, than females. The social stigma was more prevalent in illiterates and low socio-economic group patients. 69.03% cases were in need of social rehabilitation. PMID- 7253576 TI - Survey of eye complications in leprosy in Prakasam District (Andhra Pradesh). AB - A field study was conducted to find out the incidence of eye complications in leprosy. The ocular lesions were found in 4.72% of lepromatous leprosy and in 1.15% of non-lepromatous leprosy cases. Out of 130 patients with eye ailments, 60% were males; age varied from 9 to 70 years; 38 were suffering from lepromatous leprosy and 92 from non-lepromatous type. Mean duration of leprosy was 8.63 years in lepromatous and 6.42 years in non-lepromatous leprosy. The important eye complications observed were corneal anesthesia, lagophthalmos and anterior uveitis. The corneal lesions (63.1%) were found to be the most common in this study. It is suggested that a periodical ocular examination of all leprosy patients is essential for the early diagnosis and treatment of eye complications, which finally result in blindness if left untreated. PMID- 7253577 TI - A clinico social study of leprosy cases in a rural population of Rajasthan. AB - A community survey was carried out in the area of a Primary Health Centre in Western Rajasthan to know the prevalence rate. A prevalence rate of 0.5 per thousand was found. Most of the cases were above 40 years and only 22.6% gave the history of contact with other members of the family. Most of the cases had tuberculoid (N) leprosy showing maculoanesthetic patches over upper and lower extremities. Face was involved in 9 cases and 3 cases had lost their toes. PMID- 7253578 TI - Psychological reactions to leprosy. AB - The study was conducted to find out the psychological reactions to leprosy, to correlate psychological symptomatology with duration of leprosy and to find out suicidal attempts among leprosy patients. 24 patients were randomly selected from "Kashi Kusth Swasth Shala and Punarvas Mandir". They were administered the Hindi adaptation of Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire. 14 patients verbalised suicidal ideas and 2 have had suicidal attempts. Psychological symptomatology was less reported by those whose duration of illness was longer and more symptoms were reported by those whose illness was of shorter duration. The various findings are discussed in length. PMID- 7253579 TI - Gastro-intestinal side effects of clofazimine. AB - Three out of 30 patients of leprosy getting clofazimine therapy developed severe gastrointestinal side effects following the therapy in the dose of 100 mg after one month, eight months and five weeks respectively. One of the patients died due to the side effects. Indian patients appear to be more prone to severe gastrointestinal side effects of clofazimine and may develop the same after shorter duration of therapy with smaller doses of the drug. PMID- 7253581 TI - Summary report of Jhargram leprosy project. PMID- 7253582 TI - Central Jalma Institute for leprosy, Agra. PMID- 7253580 TI - Greater Calcutta leprosy treatment and health education scheme (GRECALTES). PMID- 7253584 TI - Carcinoma of trophic ulcer in lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 7253583 TI - Comments on the two articles entitled "Cutaneous Responses to Antigens and Irritants in Patients of Leprosy" and "Assessment of Diluted Dharmendra Lepromin". PMID- 7253585 TI - Protein Quality in seed meals of Phaseolus vulgaris and heat-stable factors affecting the utilisation of protein. PMID- 7253588 TI - Selection of children with specific language deficits. AB - A standard approach to the selection of children with specific language deficit was devised. The approach was based on a current definition of specific language deficit that depends heavily on exclusion criteria. Children with known language deficit who had hearing impairment, cognitive deficit, neurologic deficit, or emotional or behavioral disorder were excluded. Both the exclusion criteria and the criteria dealing with required extent of language impairment were specified in considerable detail. A total of 132 language-impaired children aged 4-8 1/2 years were assessed. Criteria for selection of a matched group of normal-language children were also specified. The language-impaired children were referred to the project by speech and language clinicians in accordance with a set of broadly defined criteria. Contrary to expectation, less than one third of the children from this group met the more precisely defined criteria employed in the project. In addition, those who were selected did not form a homogeneous group but showed considerable variation in expressive versus receptive language and in articulation skill. The selection approach and its effectiveness for the purposes of clinical research and intervention studies are discussed. PMID- 7253586 TI - A method for the determination of available fluoride from marine products using young chicks. PMID- 7253589 TI - Characteristics of hearing-impaired children in the public schools: part II- psychoeducational data. AB - Psychoeducational data were collected from the files of 1,250 hearing-impaired children in Iowa public schools in an effort to identify educational and linguistic profiles related to different degrees of hearing loss. The files of most mildly to moderately hearing-impaired children do not reflect complete assessment of language, academic, or intellectual skills even when support services are being provided. The data reveal deficits that often are inconsistent with the reports and patterns of achievement on which the allocation of support services for hearing-impaired children have been based. The appropriateness of many of the assessment tools in use is questionable. PMID- 7253587 TI - Potato starch, gut flora and caecal size in the chick. PMID- 7253590 TI - A clinical method for estimating laryngeal airway resistance during vowel production. AB - A noninvasive clinical method for estimating laryngeal airway resistance during vowel production is described. Resistance is calculated from the ratio of translaryngeal pressure to translaryngeal flow, the first determined from measurement of oral pressure and the second determined from measurement of airway opening flow made during the production of a specially designed utterance. Application of the method to the study of vowels resulted in a calculated mean laryngeal airway resistance of 35.7 cm H20/LPS for 15 normal adult males. This resistance value is remarkably similar to mean values obtained in previous research using complex invasive experimental methods. Clinical use of the method is illustrated in case studies that highlight both evaluation and management potentials. It is concluded that the method proposed is clinically practical, that the data it provides are both valid and reliable, and that the method shows great promise of becoming a routine clinical tool for estimating laryngeal airway resistance during vowel production. PMID- 7253591 TI - The S/Z ratio as an indicator of laryngeal pathology. AB - The use of the s/z ratio as a clinical indicator of laryngeal pathology was investigated with 28 dysphonic subjects with laryngeal pathology (nodules or polyps), 36 dysphonic subjects without laryngeal pathology, and 86 normal speaking subjects. While no statistical difference was found between the three groups in their ability to sustain /s/, the subjects with laryngeal pathology had significantly lower duration times for /z/ than subjects in the other two groups. The computed s/z ratios were significantly higher for the dysphonic subjects with laryngeal pathology; subjects with functional dysphonia free of laryngeal pathology demonstrated the same s/z ratios (approximately 1.0) as the normal speaking control subjects. The dysphonic subjects with laryngeal pathology produced s/z ratios in excess of 1.4 ninety-five percent of the time. It appeared from these data that when an additive mass developed along the glottal margin, vocal fold approximation was less efficient. This decrement in efficiency appears to result in a decrease in glottal resistance, increasing air flow, and a shortened phonatory duration time. The clinical usefulness of the s/z ratio as a duration measure for identifying voice clients who may have laryngeal lesions is considered. PMID- 7253592 TI - Performance of children with normal and impaired oral language production on a set of auditory comprehension tests. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the comprehension abilities of children with impaired expressive language and to obtain information on the interrelationships among tests of comprehension. Forty preschool children, 20 with normal language and 20 with impaired expressive language, were given a set of auditory comprehension tests. As a group, the language-impaired children demonstrated deficits in comprehension when compared to the normal-language children. However, both groups scored near the ceiling on several tests, and on most tests that did differentiate the two groups, the mean scores of both groups when applied to performances of middle-class white children. An analysis of responses to selected groupings of analogous items revealed that a preschool child's correct response to a linguistic stimulus in one instance provides no assurance that the child will respond similarly to the stimulus in another linguistic environment with different task demands and different foil alternatives. In addition, the large majority of correlations among the test were nonsignificant, indicating that it is not clinically appropriate to regard these measures of language comprehension as equivalent. PMID- 7253593 TI - An investigation of the efficacy of oral myofunctional therapy as a precursor to articulation therapy for pre-first grade children. AB - This study investigated the assumption that oral myofunctional services might facilitate remediation of articulation disorders. Subjects were ten 6-year-old elementary school children who exhibited both tongue-thrust behaviors and articulation errors. All subjects had equal service time for a 14-week period, half receiving articulation services only and the other half receiving oral myofunctional services prior to and in conjunction with articulation services. Results showed that children in both programs made essentially equal progress in correcting placement of tongue-tip sounds, remediating /s/ and /z/ misarticulation, and remediating general articulation errors. Only children who received oral myofunctional services remediated tongue-thrust behaviors. PMID- 7253594 TI - Identifying behavior associated with verbal self-corrections of aphasic clients. AB - The purposes of this study were to define certain behaviors associated with verbal self-correction efforts of aphasic clients and to determine the accuracy with which these behaviors might be identified by clinical observers. Seven explicit definitions were written for behaviors associated wih aphasic clients' self-correction attempts on single-word and short-answer language production tasks. To determine the accuracy with which defined behaviors could be identified, observers (N = 7) were asked to view 400 randomly selected speech samples and to code the type of self-correction event for each sample. The accuracy of these judgments was ascertained by calculating the percentages of observers' agreements with judgments made previously by the experimenters. Results showed observers were able to identify explicitly defined behaviors at levels of accuracy ranging from 73%--99%. When observers' judgments did not agree with those of the experimenters, inaccuracies tended to be logical and to cluster in particular categories. Findings suggest a need for further study of behaviors associated with aphasic individuals' self-correction efforts, particularly with reference to the significance of these behaviors to recovery from aphasic, and to aphasic symptomatology in general. PMID- 7253595 TI - The role of distinctive features in articulation errors. AB - Articulation errors of 1,077 children of various ages, etiologies, and sexes were taken from several standardized articulation tests. The Singh and Singh (1976) distinctive feature system was used to produce profiles for each subgroup for consonant phonemes in the initial, medial, and final word positions. Distinctive features were used with different degrees of importance causing hierarchial orders among the features. The hierarchy of features established in this study was consistent with those found in previous studies. It was more pronounced for the initial position than for the medial and final positions, and for the younger age groups as compared with the older groups. In addition, the feature hierarchy for the articulation-disordered group was more distinct than that for the language group. Females revealed a generally superior performance to males, but this superiority was in general not statistically significant. Findings are discussed as to their relevance in the overall application of a phonological theory to speech production strategies. PMID- 7253596 TI - Markedness of features in the articulatory substitutions of children. AB - This study concerns an analysis of articulatory substitutions of 801 students using markedness theory and a distinctive feature model (Singh & Singh, 1976). The 556 male and 245 female students ranged in age from 3--7 years and were diagnosed as evidencing an articulatory disorder or a linguistic delay. Significantly more feature substitutions moved from marked to unmarked values than from unmarked to marked values (p less than .05, binomial distribution). The study proposed a hierarchy of distinctive features in terms of markedness rather than in terms of features per se. The applications of articulatory and acoustic data to phonological theory and the implications of the findings to speech treatment are discussed. PMID- 7253597 TI - Learning words using traditional orthography and the symbols of Rebus, Bliss and Carrier. AB - This study compared the learning of words represented in traditional orthography (T.O.) and in the logographic symbols of Rebus, Bliss, and Carrier. Subjects, 36 preschool children ages 4.3 to 5.4, were presented a short task requiring the learning of 15 words in one of the four graphic conditions, Rebus, Bliss, Carrier, to T.O. The results showed that the logographic symbols as a group were significantly easier to learn than T.O., the partially iconic systems of Rebus and Bliss were significantly easier to learn than the Carrier symbols, and Rebus symbols were significantly easier to learn than Bliss symbols. Implications for the instructional use of logographic systems are discussed. PMID- 7253598 TI - Criteria for phonological process analysis. AB - Investigators have proposed that children with functional articulation disorders should be relabelled phonologically disordered. To support this proposal, evidence has been presented in the literature demonstrating that children's error patterns reflect the operation of phonological processes. No quantitative or qualitative criteria have been offered to differentiate these processes from surface error patterns. The purpose of the present descriptive study was to determine if differences would be found when two kinds of process analyses were employed: a nonquantitative criteria analysis as conducted in the studies reported in the literature, and a quantitative criteria analysis. Speech samples were obtained from 13 children with functional articulation problems. Their errors were submitted to the two analysis procedures. Results indicated that the number of identified processes were reduced when minimum quantitative criteria were used from the number identified when no quantitative criteria were imposed. The decrease occurred in individual children's patterns as well as across the patterns of the 13 children. It is suggested that there is a need to establish reasonable quantitative and qualitative criteria for phonological process identification. PMID- 7253599 TI - Regression to the mean in pretreatment measures of stuttering. AB - Pre-post treatment evaluation designs are common in stuttering research. Their propriety depends on the assumption that spontaneous remission is not likely. There are six studies in the literature in which stutterers have been measured on two occasions some months apart. In all studies there was a trend to less stuttering on the second assessment, but in no study was the difference between scores significant. One hundred and thirty-two stutterers awaiting treatment were assessed when they were first seen and then at the beginning of treatment 1--23 months later. There was a small but significant improvement between the two assessments. The size of the improvement was comparable to those reported in the six published studies. This spontaneous improvement occurs mainly in the three months following the first assessment, and there is little change thereafter. It is concluded that pre-post studies of subjects who waited more than three months for treatment are valid and that the observed improvement can be due solely to the effects of treatment. Studies that assess improvement from the time subjects are first seen should allow for spontaneous remission to determine the improvement due to treatment. PMID- 7253600 TI - The effect of word list and talker variation on word recognition scores using time-altered speech. AB - Time-altered versions of the Auditec recordings of CID W-22 and Northwestern Auditory Test No. 6 (NU-6) were compared at five time-compressed ratios (0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) on twenty-eight normal-hearing listeners. NU-6 scores were consistently poorer than the W-22's, with significant differences observed at the 30% and 60% time-compressed conditions. The NU-6 data in this investigation were also compared with previously reported normative data, which used a different recorded version of NU-6. The scores from this study were found to be markedly poorer. Clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 7253601 TI - A response to Wiley and Lilly. PMID- 7253602 TI - Caution...peanuts may be harmful to your clients' health! PMID- 7253603 TI - A reanalysis of "stuttering therapy: the relation between attitude change and long-term outcome". PMID- 7253604 TI - Interpreting results obtained from Carrow's TACL. PMID- 7253605 TI - A response to Freeman, Sinclair, and Riggs. PMID- 7253606 TI - An experimental study of the flow-induced mass transfer distribution in the vicinity of prosthetic heart valves. AB - An experimental study of the flow-induced mass transfer distribution in the vicinity of a model disk valve and a ball valve was conducted using electrochemical techniques. Reynolds numbers ranged from 1000 to 6000, which are characteristic of physiologic conditions. Local instantaneous and time average data are presented. It was found that the flow-induced mass transfer distribution was high in regions of both low and high shear. It was also demonstrated that the fluctuations in the mass transfer to the wall of the test section around the valve are significantly affected by valve design. The regions of high mass transfer measured in this study were found to correlate very closely to regions where thrombus formations have been documented in-vivo studies. PMID- 7253607 TI - Spatial kinematic analysis of the upper extremity using a biplanar videotaping method. AB - A biplanar videotaping system is used to generate spatial kinematic data of an upper extremity motion. The technique is based upon the characterization of each segment by four points in three-dimensional space using biplanar videotaping and subsequent analysis by computer-aided descriptive geometry. The tests were conducted to determine the system's accuracy and repeatability. The results of the joint kinematics of the test subjects performing a diagonal reaching activity with and without an orthosis (or an assistive device) are presented. PMID- 7253609 TI - Blood freezing to nearly absolute zero temperature: -272.29 degrees C. AB - Human erythrocytes were collected in ACD anticoagulant, glycerolized with an equal volume of 8.6 M glycerol, 8 percent glucose, 1 percent fructose, and 0.3 percent Na2 EDTA solution, sealed in glass ampules, and frozen to -272.29 degrees C (0.86 degrees K) in liquid helium under high vacuum. Biological assays performed after thawing and three-stage dialysis to remove the glycerol showed less than 1 percent hemolysis. Intracellular potassium, 2,3 DPG, and ATP were within the normal range. PMID- 7253608 TI - Effect of protective helmet mass on head/neck dynamics. AB - The crash helmet which provides protection against injury due to direct head impact may actually contribute to injury in indirect head impact (e.g., hyperflexion or "whiplash") situations because of the added mass of the helmet on the head/neck system. It has been suggested that it may be possible to reduce this hyperflexion/hyperextension injury hazard while retaining the beneficial protection against direct impact through use of the helmet restraining collars, such as styrofoam or inflatable airbags. These claims are quantitatively and qualitatively examined and discussed in this paper. The UCIN HEAD/NECK computer stimulation model is used for the quantitative analysis. It is shown that the helmet can indeed contribute to the hyperflexion/hyperextension injury hazard and that the proposed restraining devices can potentially provide protection against this hazard. PMID- 7253610 TI - Absorption by bacterial cells: interaction between receptor sites and the effect of fluid motion. AB - The absorption of some species X by a bacterial cell depends (i) on the concentration of receptors for species X and (ii) on the state of motion of the surrounding medium. The latter problem is particularly interesting, since without any restriction on the type of fluid, details of the flow field or kind of cell, an explicit expression for the increase in uptake is obtained. To study the interaction between neighboring receptor sites we concentrate on the limit of small area fraction. The result obtained correlates quite well with experimental data. PMID- 7253611 TI - Elasticity of small pulmonary veins in the cat. AB - The distensibility of pulmonary veins of cats, in the diametric range of 100-1200 micrometer, was studied as a function of the venous pressure p upsilon and pleural pressure p PL, while the alveolar air pressure was maintained at zero (atmospheric). The resulting percentage changes in diameter normalized with respect to the diameter at delta P of 10 cm H20 (D10) are expressed as function of delta = p upsilon - p PL. It was found that in most cases the diameter varies linearly with delta P: D/D10 = 1 + alpha (p upsilon - p PL) where alpha is the compliance coefficient. The results show that smaller veins of the cat are more compliant than larger veins. For example, when pleural pressure is -10 cm H2O, the values of alpha for vessels in the ranges of diameters of 100-200 micrometer, 200-400 micrometer, 400-800 micrometer and 800-1200 micrometer are, respectively, 2.05, 1.44, 1.08 and 0.71 percent per cm H2O or Pa-1. The effects of lung inflation on the distensibility of pulmonary veins are also studied. Our results show that for vessel sizes in the range of 400-800 micrometer and 800-1200 micrometer the compliance constant alpha is not affected by the inflation of the lungs (changes in pleural pressure to more negative values). For smaller veins in the size ranges 100-200 micrometer and 200-400 micrometer our results show an increase in compliance from 2.05 to 2.79 and from 1.44 to 2.01 percent per cm H20 or Pa-1, respectively, when pleural pressure is changed from -10 to -15 cm H20. When the pleural pressure is more negative than -15 cm H20, however, the compliance of the vessels in the foregoing two size ranges is observed to decrease. PMID- 7253612 TI - Biomechanical and neurological response of the spinal cord of a puppy to uniaxial tension. AB - An in-vivo experimental method was developed to measure the stress-strain relationship of a spinal cord segment of anesthetized puppies. A pseudo Young's modulus was defined for the linear region followed by a nonlinear rheological behavior of finite strain. Both the sensory response and motor function of the puppies were fully recovered within the 5 days after the spinal cord segment in the first lumbar region was elongated once by 50 percent or less. The usefulness of the in-vivo experiments was further elaborated by demonstrating the large artifacts that could be associated in an in-vitro experiment. PMID- 7253613 TI - Force wave transmission through the human locomotor system. AB - A method to measure the capability of the human shock absorber system to attenuate input dynamic loading during the gait is presented. The experiments were carried out with two groups: healthy subjects and subjects with various pathological conditions. The results of the experiments show a considerable difference in the capability of each group's shock absorbers to attenuate force transmitted through the locomotor system. Comparison shows that healthy subjects definitely possess a more efficient shock-absorbing capacity than do those subjects with joint disorders. Presented results show that degenerative changes in joints reduce their shock absorbing capacity, which leads to overloading of the next shock absorber in the locomotor system. So, the development of osteoarthritis may be expected to result from overloading of a shock absorber's functional capacity. PMID- 7253614 TI - The effects of exercise on the biomechanical and biochemical properties of swine digital flexor tendons. AB - The digital flexor tendons of the miniature swine were studied after 12 mo of running exercise. Using a newly developed methodology whereby the properties of tendon substance and tendon-bone composite are measured simultaneously, it was found that training augments the strength of the tendon insertion site, but has minimal effect on the tendon substance. Biochemical analyses also showed that the collagen concentration in the tendon substance remains unchanged following exercise. There was also moderate, but not significant, tendon hypertrophy. The present results on flexor tendon differ from those previously obtained for the swine digital extensors [6]. Such difference in response to functional stress may be attributed to the biochemical composition and mechanical properties of these tissues. PMID- 7253615 TI - Regulation of vocal intensity in the presence of feedback filtering and amplification. AB - Subjects read while their voices were fed back with 0 and 20 dB of amplification. In Experiment I, feedback was returned unfiltered or low-pass filtered with cut off frequencies of 1000, 500, and 300 Hz. Subjects decreased vocal intensity with amplified feedback when the feedback was unfiltered or low-pass filtered with cut off frequencies of 1000 or 500 Hz. The amplification effect disappeared when the cut-off frequency was 300 Hz. In Experiment II, feedback was low-pass filtered and amplified in the presence of a steady background noise. The presence of noise potentiated the amplification effect in the unfiltered condition. When filtering was introduced and/or the cut-off frequency was lowered, the amplification effect decreased. In Experiment III, subjects heard their voices unfiltered and high pass filtered with cut-off frequencies of 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz. The amplification effect was the same across filtering conditions. It is suggested that subjects respond differently and high- and low-pass filtering because air- and bone-conducted feedback interact differentially in these conditions. It is hypothesized that changes may be mediated by self-perception of loudness or intelligibility. PMID- 7253616 TI - Frequency-discrimination ability of hearing-impaired listeners. PMID- 7253617 TI - A comparison of sign and verbal language training with nonverbal retarded children. AB - Twelve nonverbal, hearing, retarded children were matched and then randomly assigned to sign language training, speech training, and placebo groups. Four of the subjects received speech training using the Bricker. Dennison, and Bricker (1976) program, and four subjects received sign language training using an adaptation of the Bricker et al. program. The results indicated no statistically significant difference between the verbal and sign language groups through the sign group and verbal group did learn significantly more than the placebo group. A closer examination of the findings indicated that although all four of the sign language subjects learned some signs, only two of the four speech training subjects learned to say words. The findings were interpreted as indicating that some nonverbal retarded children will benefit from sign language than speech training. Suggestions for the direction of future research are given. PMID- 7253618 TI - Junctural contrasts in esophageal and normal speech. AB - This study assessed the realization of junctural contrasts by normal and esophageal speakers. Ten normal subjects and ten laryngectomized subjects using esophageal speech provided high quality tape recordings of three productions of five ambiguous two-word phrases. These recordings were presented to forty listeners for evaluation using a Two Interval Forced Choice procedure. Both normal and esophageal speakers realized junctural contrasts in ambiguous phrases in a highly effective manner. Significant differences in listeners' overall perception of juncture locus were found for talker group and individual speaker main effects. The findings of this project were interpreted to highlight the contribution that study of clinical samples may make to questions in linguistic therapy, speech production, and speech perception. Finally, the direct clinical relevance of the procedures and results are discussed. PMID- 7253619 TI - Production and perception of coarticulation among stressed and unstressed vowels. AB - A pair of experiments examines first the coarticulatory relations among certain stressed and unstressed vowels, and next the perception of coarticulated unstressed vowels. The first study finds the acoustic properties of unstressed medial and, to a substantially lesser extent, of stressed medial, to be assimilated to the properties of their flanking vocalic contexts. Both initial and final flanking vowels coarticulate with medial, but carryover coarticulatory effects tend to exceed anticipatory effects. In a secondary experiment, listeners' manners of perceiving the coarticulated unstressed vowels of the first experiment are shown to be coupled to, or to be compatible with, the talkers' coarticulatory strategies. In particular, perceivers hear acoustically identical vowels to be different when the vowels appear in different contexts of flanking vowels. Similarly, instances of that are acoustically different due to different coarticulatory influences on them sound the same to listeners as long as each appears in its appropriate context of flanking vowels. PMID- 7253620 TI - Maturational effects on the middle components of the averaged electroencephalic response. AB - Middle component AERs to brief click stimuli were recorded from 60 subjects in four age groups to assess age effects on waveform, latency, and amplitude. Replicable responses similar in waveform to those recorded in adults were observed in 3 - 4-year-old children, full-term newborns, and premature infants tested as early as the 31st postconceptional week. Latencies and amplitudes were compared across ages and significant age effects were evident for amplitude but not latency. Amplitudes of components Po, Pa and Pb were found to increase until 3 - 4 years of age and decline in adulthood. Response amplitudes for premature infants differed significantly from those of adults, but newborns' responses did not differ from either group. Only the responses of 3 - 4-year-old children were clearly differentiated from those of all other groups in this respect. Significant age effects on latency were found only for Po, which is postulated to be synonymous with Wave V of the brainstem response. The absence of a trend for decreasing latency as a function of age in the middle components is surprising in that both early (brainstem) and late (cortical) responses demonstrate this effect. This finding raises questions about the generator sources for middle components. PMID- 7253621 TI - On the Adams - Martin and Haroldson exchange. PMID- 7253622 TI - Response to Courtright and Courtright. PMID- 7253623 TI - The effects of antagonistic gestures on temporal and amplitude parameters of anticipatory labial coarticulation. AB - Anticipatory lip rounding before neutral versus antagonistic vowel environments was studied in a test of the compatibility notion of a look-ahead scanning mechanism (Henke, 1967). Electromyograms were obtained from orbicularis oris superior, an agonist for lip rounding, and risorius, an agonist for lip spreading, from three normal speakers repeating the nonsense disyllables /tiku/, /taku/, /tuki/, /kikstu/, and /kakstu/ twenty times each. When the syllable initial vowel was the lip spread vowel /i/, oris activity began earlier and with greater force than for syllable-initial /a/ contexts across all speakers. This finding argues for a revision of a key assumption underlying the look-ahead scan model for anticipatory lip rounding. The encoding program for speech exhibits temporal and amplitude adjustments in its coarticulatory behavior to accommodate in an active way contradictory neuromuscular and biomechanical conditions. These results are discussed with reference to current models of speech production. PMID- 7253624 TI - Stuttering: in need of a unifying conceptual framework. AB - Perceptually fluent and disfluent speech reflect a continuum of coordination and can be best understood in terms of similar motor control processes. Speech movements may be considered to result from the interaction of inputs to motoneuron pools which alter the tuning of sensory-motor pathways and triggering inputs to specific muscles and muscle groups. A disorder incoordination may occur when any of these inputs is aberrantly affected by psychological, psychosocial or physiological variables. Specific phenomena associated with stuttering- adaptation, masking, whispering and voicing deviations--are interpreted in terms of these neuromotor processes. Therapeutic considerations are discussed. PMID- 7253625 TI - Tutorial on the potential deterioration in hearing due to hearing aid usage. AB - This manuscript examines the issue of potential decline in hearing sensitivity due to hearing aid usage through an analysis of data obtained from the temporary threshold shift (TTS) paradigm. Following a critique of the traditional measures of TTS, the concept of integrated TTS (ITTS) is reviewed and data on hearing-aid induced ITTS are presented. In addition, a series of equations relating permanent threshold shift (PTS) to a recently developed measure of noise dose (Dn) is derived and predictions for hearing-aid-induced PTS are made. Recommended gain settings established to protect the hearing of a person wearing a hearing aid from further decline following various durations of hearing aid usage are also provided. PMID- 7253626 TI - A comparison of the effects of hearing impairment and acoustic filtering on consonant recognition. AB - The relationship between consonant recognition under conditions of acoustic filtering and hearing loss was studied in subjects with unilateral bearing impairments. Using a procedure involving suprathreshold loudness balance between ears, a spectrum shaper was used to match the (suprathreshold) audiometric configuration of the impaired ear. Consonant recognition data were obtained from the impaired ear and from the normal ear listening through the spectrum shaper. To the extent that consonant recognition was similar in the two ears, the effect of the patient's hearing impairment on phoneme identification could be related to the audiometric configuration. A comparison between consonant recognition scores for the impaired ears and for the ears listening through the spectrum shaper revealed large individual differences among subjects. Mean consonant recognition ability, however, was generally lower in the impaired ear. Although overall consonant recognition and the error probabilities for individual consonants tended to be different between ears, the patterns of feature recognition were quite similar. PMID- 7253627 TI - Psychophysical scaling of distorted speech. AB - Magnitude estimation and magnitude production procedures were used by ten normal bearing subjects to scale the perceived distortion corresponding to the systematically varied physical distortion of a speech signal. The combined function based on the results of the two procedures exhibited a slope of 0.83, indicating that perceived distortion grows more slowly than physical distortion. PMID- 7253628 TI - Correlates of syntactic abilities in hearing-impaired students. AB - Total scores on the recently developed Screening Test from the Test of Syntactic Abilities for 382 hearing-impaired subjects between eight and 19 years and in various educational programs were found to be significantly related to hearing threshold level, number of multiple handicaps, age, educational setting, method of communication, and hearing aid usage. Multivariate analysis of variance on the effect of age controlled for hearing loss showed no significant increase in scores after eleven years of age, thus lending support to the thesis that the capacity to acquire language may cease to function at about puberty. The results of stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that, when personal variables were first forced to enter the equation, degree of hearing loss, multiple handicaps, and age accounted for 14%, nine %, an four % of the explained variability, respectively. Over and above these contributions, two manipulable variables--educational setting (a surrogate for integration) and method of communication--added significantly a further 12% and three % to the explained variability in syntactic ability. PMID- 7253629 TI - Disfluencies in the speech of language-delayed children. AB - This study attempted to determine whether language-delayed children receiving language therapy and language-delayed children not receiving language therapy differed from each other and from normal controls in the amount and type of disfluencies in their speech. Comparison of disfluencies in tape-recorded speech samples of three groups indicated that the one group of language-delayed children who received language therapy had significantly more word and part-word repetitions than the other two groups. PMID- 7253631 TI - Idiomatic versus literal interpretations of ditropically ambiguous sentences. AB - "Ditropically" ambiguous sentences (each having both a literal and an idiomatic interpretation) were prepared for listener's discrimination judgments, and for silent readers' rankings on an "idiomaticity" scale. Listeners were unable to discriminate the literal from the idiomatic versions when presented with randomized single sentences excised from paragraph contexts. There was a bias toward interpreting the sentences as idioms, which correlated with rankings of each sentence for its likelihood of idiomatic use. Listeners were easily able to identify the literal and the idiomatic versions of the same ditropic sentences presented in pairs or singularly, when speakers sought purposively to convey the contrasting meanings. PMID- 7253630 TI - Stuttering identification: standard definition and moment of stuttering. AB - Fifteen-second samples of speech were recorded from 20 adult stutterers. The samples were played to two groups (I and NI) of unsophisticated observers. The 18 observers in the NI Group were instructed to underline any word that was stuttered. The 18 observers in the I Group also were instructed to underline stuttered words, but these observers were given a "standard definition" of stuttering (Wingate, 1964); repetition of a sound, syllable, or one-syllable word; silent or audible prolongation; or both. On the average, observers who were given a definition of stuttering marked more words as stuttered than observers who were told only to mark stutterings. In addition, the observers for whom stuttering was defined also displayed significantly more variability in terms of the average number of words underlined. Both interobserver and intraobserver agreement were significantly higher for the NI Group than the I Group observers. The data from this and other identification studies were used to support the suggestion that the identification of stuttering is a threshold phenomenon. PMID- 7253632 TI - Three studies of deficits in pantomimic expression and pantomimic recognition in aphasia. AB - Studies were conducted to investigate aphasic deficits in pantomimic behaviors. Three groups of subjects were used: 47 aphasics; 27 right-hemisphere-damaged; and 11 controls. Study I replicates a previous study of pantomimic recognition deficits (Duffy, Duffy, & Pearson, 1975) and essentially duplicates the previous findings of significant deficits of pantomimic recognition in aphasic subjects that are highly correlated with their verbal deficits. Study II examines the relationship between deficits in pantomimic recognition and expression; and the relationships between these two nonverbal behaviors and aphasic verbal deficits. Zero order correlations, partial correlations, and multiple regression analyses are presented. The results show that aphasics exhibit significant deficits in both pantomimic expression and recognition; and, that both of these are highly correlated with aphasic verbal deficits. Study III is an investigation of four causal theories of aphasic deficits in pantomimic expression. Zero order correlations, partial correlations, and multiple regression analyses are presented. It is concluded that aphasic pantomimic expressive deficits are not caused by general intellectual deficit or limb apraxia; but, they are associated with a central symbolic disorder or a verbal mediation deficit. The implications of these studies for an understanding of the nature of aphasia as a syndrome which includes both verbal and nonverbal impairments are discussed. PMID- 7253633 TI - Some aspects of fundamental frequency control by esophageal speakers. AB - The broad objective of the present project was to assess the degree to which esophageal speakers are able to control voice fundamental frequency. Three male esophageal speakers and four age-matched normal speakers were used in a vocal pitch matching task to elicit fo levels. Average differences in fundamental frequency between the individual targets and productions were comparable for esophageal and normal talkers. The frequency variation associated with pitch matching by esophageal speakers was 1.5 to 8 times greater than that by normal talkers. The results were interpreted to support (I) the hypothesis that esophageal speakers were less proficient in controlling the steady-state attributes of their voicing source and vocal output, and (2) the view that esophageal speakers exhibit reduced intentional control over voice fundamental frequency. PMID- 7253634 TI - Experiments re: clinical application of reflex modulation audiometry. AB - Two experiments were conducted on normal hearing adults to assess the audiometric test potential of reflex modulation (RM) when administered according to the descending method of limits. RM describes the inhibitory effect of a tone upon a subsequently occurring eyeblink reflex. Although RM conducted according to the method of constant stimuli has already been shown to produce RM results which agree well with voluntary audiometry in normal and hearing-impaired adults and children, the present concern is with the potential clinical application of RM, and in this regard the descending method may offer certain distinct advantages. In study one, a 2-kHz tone was presented at several descending intensities, whereas in study two, four different frequencies (0.5, 1.2, and 4 kHz) were presented in concurrent fashion, but again, the intensity of the complete set was decreased in successive steps. Sensitivity in both cases was 10 to 15 dB SL. Implications for the clinical application of RM audiometry are discussed. PMID- 7253635 TI - Reflections on a double negative: misarticulation and inconsistency. AB - The results of recent work on the so-called inconsistency of misarticulations of certain speech sounds are examined in terms of previous knowledge available to speech pathologists and of some of the contributions attributable to more recent procedures and points of view. It is concluded that some current descriptions of articulation which are concerned primarily with physiological constraints can mislead clinicians, and that maximally useful descriptions of the influences operating on the production of speech sounds must include linguistic constraints as well. PMID- 7253637 TI - Protection against hemorrhagic shock in the cat by human plasma containing endotoxin-specific antibodies. PMID- 7253636 TI - Control of methemoglobin formation in stroma-free hemoglobin solutions. PMID- 7253638 TI - Ex vivo normothermic hemoperfusion of the canine pancreas: applications and limitations of a modified experimental preparation. PMID- 7253639 TI - Mitochondrial phosphorylative activity and DNA synthesis in regenerating liver of diabetic rats. PMID- 7253641 TI - The effect of increasing propranolol doses on cardiac function and myocardial pH during total ischemia. PMID- 7253640 TI - Ex vivo perfusion: a renal preservation model. PMID- 7253643 TI - Council on scientific affairs report B physician supervised exercise programs in rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease. PMID- 7253645 TI - Council on scientific affairs report F biological effects on non-ionizing magnetic and electromagnetic radiation. PMID- 7253642 TI - Hemodynamic response of small arteries to topical lignocaine. PMID- 7253644 TI - Council on scientific affairs report C medical care for indigent and culturally displaced obstetrical patients and their newborns. PMID- 7253647 TI - Bidirectional tachycardia: a case. PMID- 7253646 TI - Streptococcal sore throat--status of the streptococcal vaccine. PMID- 7253648 TI - Ischemic necrosis of the femoral head: a case. PMID- 7253649 TI - Cleavage of cell surface proteins by thrombin. AB - This study was based on our previous findings that the mitogenic action of thrombin on cultured fibroblasts can result from interaction of thrombin with the cell surface in the absence of internalization, and that the proteolytic activity of thrombin is required for stimulation of cell division. This prompted us to look for thrombin-mediated cleavages using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis of labeled cell surface proteins. Surface membrane components were labeled by 3 procedures: 1) proteins were labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination using 125I-; 2) galactose and galactosamine residues of glycoproteins were oxidized with galactose oxidase and reduced with 3H-NaBH4; and 3) glycoproteins were metabolically labeled by incubating cells with 3H-fucose. labeling with the first 2 procedures was carried out after thrombin treatment; in contrast, cells metabolically labeled with 3H-fucose were subsequently treated with thrombin to look for proteolytic cleavages. Collectively, these studies indicated that only about 5 cell surface proteins were thrombin-sensitive, consistent with the high specificity of this protease. Each of the labeling procedures revealed a thrombin sensitive cell surface glycoprotein which was identified as fibronectin by immunoprecipitation experiments. In addition, cell surface proteins of about 140K and 55K daltons were thrombin-sensitive. However, cell surface proteins of about 45K daltons and 130K to 150K daltons were increased after thrombin treatment. These experiments were conducted on an established line of Chinese hamster lung cells with the eventual goal of studying thrombin-mediated cleavages of cell surface proteins in a large number or in cloned populations derived from this line that are either responsive or unresponsive to the mitogenic action of thrombin. This approach should permit identification of proteolytic cleavages tha are necessary for thrombin-stimulated cell division. PMID- 7253650 TI - Extracellular regulation of fibroblast multiplication: a direct kinetic approach to analysis of role of low molecular weight nutrients and serum growth factors. PMID- 7253652 TI - Complications from staging laparotomy for Hodgkin disease. AB - Nonspecific complications from staging laparotomy are usually related to general anesthesia or abdominal exploration. Specific complications for the procedure do exist: intubation difficulties during administration of anesthesia to patients with untreated mediastinal disease, sepsis in up to 20% of patients, depending on stage of disease and intensity of postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy, arterial and possibly venous thromboemboli from extensive retroperitoneal node dissection, pancreatitis, small bowel obstruction from adhesions to node biopsy sites, operative mishaps, subphrenic abscesses, and bleeding from liver biopsies. Certain patient subpopulations are at especially high risk for some of these complications and their identification and possible measures to minimize such problems are proposed. PMID- 7253651 TI - Carcinoma in choledochal cyst. AB - Two cases of choledochal cyst associated with adenocarcinoma are documented. The classical triad of jaundice, abdominal mass, and pain is not distinctive enough to make the preoperative diagnosis of a choledochal cyst and its associated malignancy. Operative cholangiogram is a very important investigation, as by the presence of a filling defect in the cyst it can suggest malignancy. In our cases the diagnosis of malignancy was made at operation, which was confirmed by histopathological examination. Internal drainage procedures in combination with chemotherapy by 5 FU rendered both the cases asymptomatic. PMID- 7253653 TI - Disease-free survival and recurrence after resection of colorectal carcinoma. AB - Recurrence data from a series of 1,315 colorectal cancer patients managed by one surgeon with potentially curative resection are presented. Complete follow-up information was available on 1,287 (98%) patients. At the time of the last recurrences, 164 and 232 months for rectal and colonic tumours respectively, the long-time recurrence rate was significantly (P = 0.001) higher for rectal tumours (42%) than for colonic (33%). Although local recurrences tended to be more common in rectal than in colonic tumours (18% compared to 15%), only those in contiguity with the operative area were significantly (P less than 0.005) more common in rectal tumours. Systemic recurrences were also significantly (P less than 0.025) commoner for rectal tumours. The greater recurrence rates in rectal tumours were associated with significantly (P less than 0.001) higher incidence of stage C tumours shorter recurrence-free survival in rectal stage C tumours (P = 0.001) and higher incidence of pulmonary metastases (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7253654 TI - Factors influencing survival in bilateral breast cancer. AB - One hundred and four patients with bilateral breast cancers, detected clinically, were studied. Patients with synchronous lesions experienced the worst survival. Lymph node metastases in the second mastectomy had obvious adverse effect on survival. The development of scirrhous carcinoma in the second breast did not alter survival. A maximum of 21 patients might have been adversely affected by the development of a second cancer because of lymph node metastases in the second breast only. Survivorship data suggest the adequacy of treatment of contralateral breast cancers when they become detectable by clinical means alone. PMID- 7253655 TI - Glycerine injection and crystal formation in the larynx: a negative study. AB - Glycerine as a vehicle may be injected alone or with Teflon to reposition a lateral lying paralyzed vocal cord. During the study of a particular patient, crystal formation was observed in laryngeal tissues injected with glycerine. It was hypothesized that glycerine metabolized to oxalic acid crystals via the glyoxylic acid pathway. To confirm this proposition, the gluteus muscle of guinea pigs was injected with glycerine, and at weekly intervals submitted for ordinary and polarized light microscopic examination. The formation of crystals after glycerine injection was not found in the guinea pig. Similarly, no foreign material or crystals were found after centrifuging the stored glycerine. PMID- 7253656 TI - Malignant melanoma of the female genital system: a report of 48 patients and review of the literature. AB - Malignant melanoma of the female genital tract comprises 3% of all melanomas afflicting females. Melanoma of the vulva is most common, comprising 45 patients treated by the author. Thirty-two percent had metastases to the regional lymph nodes on presentation. Five-year survival is 31.6%. Radical vulvectomy and radical groin dissection is the treatment of choice. Only 80 melanomas of the vagina have been reported, with cures being an extreme rarity. Forty cases of the female urethra reported in the literature and only five survivors have been reported. Melanoma of the uterus is extremely rare, with no cures recorded. Melanoma of the ovary may occur within a teratoma but most frequently is metastatic. PMID- 7253657 TI - Adrenal adenocarcinomas: diagnosis and management. AB - Thirty-two patients with adrenal adenocarcinoma are reviewed. Eleven of them had symptoms suggestive of a hormonally functional tumor. The median survival in 17 patients who had the primary tumor removed was 13.5 months from the time of surgery, with one patient surviving disease-free 19 years later. The median survival of 11 patients who did not have surgery owing to delays in diagnosis was 7.5 months from the onset of symptoms. Of six patients given O,P'DDD, two patients had objective regression, one partial, one complete. Early diagnosis may improve survival and curability of this malignant tumor. PMID- 7253658 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity reactions vs chemotherapy and immunotherapy responses in women with ovarian adenocarcinoma. AB - Fifty-one previously untreated women with FIGO Stages III and IV ovarian adenocarcinoma underwent sequential monthly skin testing utilizing Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanian, Varidase, mumps, monilia, and a purified protein derivative Tuberculin (PPD) prior to each course of systemic chemotherapy (with or without Corynebacterium parvum). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the patients' ability to demonstrate a delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction to these sensitizing antigens and response to therapy. There was no statistically significant correlation with response to therapy and: 1) Positive pretherapy skin test reactions vs anergy to pretherapy skin tests. 2) Negative pretherapy and positive post-therapy skin tests. 3) Anergy pre- and post-therapy vs positive skin test pre- or post-therapy. 4) Age of the patient vs skin test reactivity. 5) Skin test reactivity to any one of the five antigens tested. 6) Skin test reactivity in response to therapy in those women also receiving Corynebacterium parvum. It is concluded that the battery of skin tests utilized do not predict the patient's response to systemic chemotherapy in advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7253659 TI - Histiocytes in vaginal smears: as prognostic parameter in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - Pretreatment vaginal smears of 251 patients with carcinoma of the cervix were counted for the percentage of histiocyte count in relation to benign squamous epithelial cells. No correlation was found between the percentage of histiocyte count and the age of the patient, clinical stage, cell type of squamous cell carcinoma, and clinical radiation response. Also a high histiocyte count is found to be unrelated to 5-year survival, recurrence, metastasis, or death of these patients. The present study indicates that the histiocyte number appears to have no relationship with immediate or remote prognosis in patients with carcinoma of cervix uteri. PMID- 7253660 TI - Effects of hepatic artery ligation and intraarterial embolization on liver tumor growth--an experimental study in rats. PMID- 7253661 TI - In vivo evaluation of cell mediated immunity against human melanoma. AB - Evaluation of cell mediated immunity against human melanoma target cells was performed in an in vivo model using human tumor xenografts growing in Balb/c athymic mice. Intraperitoneal inoculation of 1 x 10(7) human melanoma cells produced carcinomatosis which lead to death of the animals at 23.8 +/- 2.6 days (N = 12). Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from normal donors were administered to tumor bearing mice, and survival times of 22.0 +/- 2.3 days were observed (N = 8). Peripheral blood lymphocytes from the four of five normal donors which had been presensitized on monolayers of melanoma tissue culture cells in vitro failed to prolong host survival times. In contrast, PBL obtained from 15 or 20 melanoma patients were found to prolong survival of the tumor bearing nude mice. Of these 15 patients, 8 were undergoing specific active immunotherapy, while 7 had not been sensitized except by the disease process. The ability of PBL obtained from patients to prolong survival of tumor bearing animals did not appear to correlate with either the stage of the disease or the patient's clinical course. The possible mechanisms for the prolonged survival and usefulness of this model are discussed. PMID- 7253662 TI - Acute Hodgkin disease masquerading as splenic abscess. AB - A splenic abscess was erroneously diagnosed in a 65-year-old patient. The diagnosis was established on clinical, radiological and ultrasonographic data. At laparotomy the spleen was markedly enlarged by tumoral tissue and contained a large cystic lesion. The histological diagnosis was typical Hodgkin disease with lymphocytic depletion. Ultrasonography adds valuable information in the diagnosis of splenic lesions. Hodgkin disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions detected in the spleen by this method. PMID- 7253664 TI - Renal cell carcinoma metastatic to skeletal muscle mass: a case report. PMID- 7253663 TI - Surgical treatment of locally far-advanced lung carcinoma. AB - It has been our policy to employ radical lung resection as a primary treatment whenever possible in locally far-advanced lung cancer. In order to assess the therapeutic results, a total of 132 patients with locally far-advanced lung cancer who had radical lung resection were reviewed. Postoperative mortality was 10%. A significant difference in survival was seen between those patients receiving no adjuvant therapy, radiation or single agent chemotherapy and those receiving cis-platinum-based polychemotherapy and/or immunotherapy (respective median survivals 14.25 and 25.68 months, P less than 0.05 Breslow test or failure rats). Aggressive surgery followed by effective adjuvant therapy in locally far advanced Stage III lung carcinoma appears to produce acceptable survival results. PMID- 7253665 TI - The dynamics of discrete-time stochastic models of population growth. PMID- 7253666 TI - Attenuation of current and voltage noise signals recorded from epithelia. PMID- 7253668 TI - Model stability and instability in age structured populations. PMID- 7253667 TI - Modeling of the vertebrate visual system. I. Wiring diagram of the cone retina. PMID- 7253670 TI - Catalytic acceleration of reactions by enzymes. Effect of screening of a polar medium by a protein globule. PMID- 7253669 TI - Mutual entrainment of two pacemaker cells. A study with an electronic parallel conductance model. PMID- 7253671 TI - Spatial assignment of amino acid residues in globular proteins: an approach from information theory. PMID- 7253672 TI - The thermodynamics of water-protein interactions. PMID- 7253673 TI - Chromosome synapsis in hexaploids. PMID- 7253674 TI - Membrane transport through alpha-heltical bundles. IV. Preliminary model building investigation of helix-helix interactions. PMID- 7253675 TI - Some electrophysiological consequences of electrogenic sodium and potassium transport in cardiac muscle: a theoretical study. PMID- 7253676 TI - A convective mass transfer model for determining intestinal wall permeabilities: laminar flow in a circular tube. PMID- 7253677 TI - Are diameter, length and branching ratios meaningful in the lung? PMID- 7253678 TI - Why do organisms produce gametes of only two different sizes? Some theoretical aspects of the evolution of anisogamy. PMID- 7253679 TI - Petunia violacea: hallucinogen or not? PMID- 7253683 TI - Carcinoma of the cardia: tactical problem. PMID- 7253682 TI - Ventricular septal defect with associated aortic valve insufficiency. Progression of insufficiency and operative results in young children. AB - Thirty-two children with both ventricular septal defect (VSD) and aortic insufficiency (AI) were evaluated for progression in degree of AI as well as effectiveness of operation in reducing or eliminating regurgitation. At the time of initial study. AI was mild in 21, moderate in eight, and severe in three patients. Twenty-one patients were followed medically over a 2 year to 19 year period, during which the degree of AI progressed in five. One death occurred during an episode of endocarditis. A total of 24 patients underwent operation at ages ranging from 1 year to 23 years. Postoperative evaluations continued from a minimum of 1 year to 24 years in 19 patients, with residual AI noted in 63% of these. Children less than 5 years of age, even with little valvular involvement, exhibited minimal benefit from attempted correction compared with those in the latter part of the first decade of life (p less than 0.05). Closure of the VSD with associated valvuloplasty resulted in a higher prevalence of elimination or improvement of AI compared with VSD closure alone (p less than 0.01). As AI can progress slowly without compromising the child's development, attempted surgical repair can safely be deferred in children less than 5 years of age with minimal valvular involvement unless careful medical management fails to prevent cardiac decompensation. PMID- 7253681 TI - The alkaloids of Rauwolfia volkensii. AB - The roots of Rauwolfia volkensii yielded 26 alkaloids comprising five main groups -sarpagan, akuammicine, heteroyohimbine with derived oxindole and anhydronium bases, yohimbine with 18-hydroxy-yohimbine and its derived esters, and dihydroindole alkaloids. The principal alkaloids were ajmaline (0.08 per cent) and reserpiline (0.15 per cent), and the reserpine yield (0.0007 per cent) was very low. PMID- 7253680 TI - A Hausa herbal pharmacopoeia: biomedical evaluation of commonly used plant medicines. AB - Biochemical analysis of a selected sample of the Hausa (northern Nigeria) medicinal flora is presented in order to assess potential chemotherapeutic values. Laboratory investigation, supplemented by previously published phytochemical constituent analyses of pertinent taxa, suggests that a number of disorders can be effectively treated by the Hausa practitioner. The Hausa herbal pharmacopoeia is analysed first with reference to its efficacy in the treatment of oral disease. Examined subsequently are Hausa plant medicines considered to be of potential value in the treatment and/or prevention of malaria infection, with particular attention focussed on the malaria symptom complex and parasite-host cell biochemistry. Results are discussed in the context of the adaptive potential of non-Western medical systems and the significance of this aspect for medical policy development programs. PMID- 7253684 TI - Tracheoesophageal fistulas secondary to carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 7253685 TI - Wide gap esophageal atresia with inaccessible upper pouch. AB - Circular myotomy of the proximal esophageal pouch has allowed end-to-end esophagoesophagostomy in infants with wide gap esophageal atresia. Occasionally, the proximal pouch ends so high in the thorax that the circular myotomy is technically impossible under conventional means. Exteriorization, mobilization, and myotomy of the proximal esophageal pouch via a separate cervical incision has allowed us to overcome this limitation of an inaccessible upper pouch and has permitted esophagoesophagostomy. This technique has been performed successfully in two infants with good results and no morbidity over a follow-up period of 1 1/2 to 3 1/2 years. PMID- 7253687 TI - Tuberculous aortic insufficiency. Report of a case with successful surgical treatment. AB - A case of endocardial tuberculoma of the left atrium in a 20-year-old woman is presented. Ulceration of the tuberculoma at the aortic anulus led to disruption of the aortic valvular attachment and induced severe aortic insufficiency. Replacement of the aortic valve and administration of antituberculous medication permitted an uneventful recovery. This is probably the first case of tuberculous aortic insufficiency diagnosed in a living patient and surgically treated with the use of extracorporeal bypass. PMID- 7253686 TI - Reducing postischemic damage by temporary modification of reperfusate calcium, potassium, pH, and osmolarity. AB - This study was designed to determine if ischemic damage could be reduced by modifying blood composition upon reperfusion. After control data had been obtained in seven dogs on prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass, 71 dogs underwent 1 hour of ischemic arrest with topical hypothermia (left ventricular temperature 16 degrees C). We measured left ventricular performance (isovolumetric function curves), compliance (intraventricular balloon), blood flow (microspheres), metabolism (oxygen consumption), and water content (wet/dry weights) before and 30 minutes after ischemia. The initial reperfusate was 500 cc of oxygenated blood given over a period of 5 minutes. Without temporary reperfusate modification, postischemic left ventricular performance was depressed 40% +/- 3%, compliance fell 50% +/- 12%, water content rose 2.5% +/- 0.1%, and left ventricular blood flow and oxygen uptake increased only minimally when cardiac work was increased (function curve). These deleterious changes were reduced significantly, but not prevented, by the following isolated reperfusate modifications: (1) lowering amount of ionic calcium available for cell entry, (2) raising pH to 7.8 to counteract acidosis, (3) raising potassium level to maintain arrest and reduce metabolic demands, and (4) increasing osmolarity (mannitol, 360 mOsm) to counteract edema. In contrast, by combining these modifications to achieve a hypocalcemic, hyperkalemic, alkalotic, and hyperosmolar blood perfusate, it was possible to attain 104% +/- 1% recovery of myocardial performance, 80% +/- 1% restoration of compliance, 60% less postischemic edema, and near-normal augmentation of left ventricular flow and oxygen uptake to meet increasing needs. PMID- 7253688 TI - Thrombosis of a St. Jude Medical tricuspid prosthesis. Case report. AB - Thrombosis of both valve leaflets of a St. Jude Medical tricuspid cardiac prosthesis, resulting in valvular dysfunction, was detected by systolic and diastolic tricuspid murmurs and confirmed by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms. Thrombus formation at both hinge points of the bileaflet valve caused one leaflet to stick in the nearly closed position and the other to have severely impeded motion. Thrombotic involvement of both valve leaflets, not previously reported, occurred in a 17-year-old boy who has undergone six prosthetic cardiac valvular replacements in the past 2 years. Failure to achieve adequate anticoagulation in the early postoperative period appears to be related to the thrombosis in this case. PMID- 7253689 TI - Fusion of prosthetic valve during left heart bypass. AB - We recently utilized a left ventricular assist device in a patient who could not be separated from cardiopulmonary bypass after aortic and mitral valve replacement. The nonfunctioning pericardial aortic valve became completely occluded owing to a fibrinous fusion of the valve leaflets during the 8-day period of assist pumping. A second operation was required to open the fused valve leaflets. This experience suggests that special care should be taken in selecting an aortic valve prosthesis in a patient who may require the left ventricular assist device in order to be separated from cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7253694 TI - Surgical correction of anomalous right superior vena cava to the left atrium. PMID- 7253693 TI - Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the anterior aortic sinus: a potential cause of sudden death. Anatomic characterization and surgical treatment. PMID- 7253691 TI - Hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion in the immature lung. Pulmonary arterial development following ligation of the left pulmonary artery in the newborn pig. AB - The left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus were ligated in 14 newborn pigs. Animals were put to death at intervals between 2 and 24 weeks of age. In each animal a cardiac catheterization was performed before sacrifice. Pulmonary arterial development in both lungs was studied by applying quantitative morphometric techniques to the infected and inflated specimens. In the right lung, pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance fell to normal after birth; however, structurally, muscularity remained high in arteries less than 75 mu in diameter. Size and number of intra-acinar arteries increased normally, not excessively, with age despite the abnormally high flow. After 16 weeks in all animals, muscularity increased significantly in arteries of all sizes; mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 20 to 35 mm Hg, the pulmonary--systemic pressure ratio was 0.21 or more, and total pulmonary vascular resistance was 0.16 to 0.4 torr (ml/min/kg) (normal, 0.08). In the left lung, the axial pulmonary artery and its branches were small, decreasing in size with age, and its elastic wall structure was disorganized. Small preacinar arteries showed obliterative change in the majority of animals put to death at 16 weeks or more. Within the acinus, however, the bronchial arterial blood supply ensured almost normal postnatal pulmonary arterial development, the vessels increasing in size and number although muscularity was reduced. Thus failure to perfuse one pulmonary artery in the immature animal changes growth and development of both lungs, and the findings are discussed in relation to the hyperperfused and hypoperfused lung in childhood. PMID- 7253692 TI - Growth in coronary-subclavian anastomoses. Long-term clinical confirmation after treatment of anomalous left main coronary artery. PMID- 7253690 TI - Antibiotic bonding to vascular prostheses. PMID- 7253695 TI - Vascular rings necessitating right thoracotomy. PMID- 7253697 TI - Antidromic activation of neurones as an analytic tool in the study of the central nervous system. PMID- 7253696 TI - The adult ductus: review of surgical experience with 131 patients. AB - Results in patients over 14 years of age who have undergone surgical closure of a patent ductus arteriosus during the period 1967 through 1979 have been reviewed. There were 131 subjects (average age 22 years) with a slight male predominance, which is at variance with other reports. Sixty-two subjects underwent hemodynamic evaluation and of these, 30 had pulmonary artery pressures ranging from 50 to 150 mm Hg. Division and suture of the ductus with aortic cross-clamping under normothermic conditions was performed in 61 subjects. This approach was particularly indicated in cases in which the ductus was unusually short in relation to its diameter as well as in many with atheromatous changes at the aortic end. In 65 subjects, the conventional division and suture with ductus clamps was employed. Total cardiopulmonary bypass with transaortic patch closure of the ductus was carried out in three instances. There were five early deaths which were principally associated with severe pulmonary hypertension. During a follow-up period extending from 1 to 11 years, three subjects died, but the remainder are well and active. Recatheterization data in nine patients with severe pulmonary hypertension showed gratifying results. PMID- 7253700 TI - A lucite plate method for 3-dimensional reconstruction of neuronal populations. AB - A Lucite plate reconstruction method is described which, when combined with HRP histochemistry, provides an excellent means of visualizing, in 3-dimensional fashion, the functional organization of neuronal populations. Color photomicrographs of representative serial sections were made through the baboon oculomotor nucleus. Each color slide was then projected onto a 9 X 12 in. Lucite plate and the configuration of the nucleus at each representative level drawn to scale on the plates. These plates were then stacked one in front of the other yielding a see-through, 3-dimensional reconstruction of the entire nucleus. Color transparencies of every sixth HRP-processed section were made and the image of each section projected onto the Lucite plates on which the configuration of the oculomotor nucleus was previously outline. Using different colored stars to represent the neurons which supply different oculomotor muscles, the number and location of HRP-positive neurons was then plotted. The end result was an anatomically accurate 3-dimensional reconstruction of the entire labeled population of the oculomotor nucleus including the location of subnuclei that can be viewed from any side or at any angle. With adequate reference points these data can be entered into a computer graphics device, then viewed and manipulated in 3-dimensional fashion. PMID- 7253698 TI - A technique for preparing in vitro slices of cat's visual cortex for electrophysiological experiments. AB - A technique for the preparation and in vitro maintenance of slices of neocortex from cats anesthetized with Nembutal has been described in detail. The visual cortex (posterior lateral gyrus) was cut in slices in situ using a knife consisting of two razor blades with separation of 0.7--1.0 mm. An artificially defined medium was sprayed abundantly over the brain throughout the slicing procedures. Slices thus obtained were immediately placed between nylon meshes and incubated in a well-oxygenated medium. For recording, one of the slices was transferred to an experimental chamber in which a medium was bubbled and circulated with a gas mixture (5% CO2 in O2) introduced through a glass filter fitted at the bottom. Slices thus treated gave large evoked potentials in response to stimulation of the white matter and high-frequency injury discharges as a macroelectrode was inserted into the tissue. They also allowed stable and high-quality intracellular recordings from single neurons. PMID- 7253699 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection as a highly efficient tool for studying catecholaminergic systems. I. Quantification of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine in cultured adrenal medullary cells. AB - A method for simultaneous determinations of noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A) and dopamine (DA) in tissue is described. After extraction from crude deproteinized homogenates by the batch mode aluminium oxide method individual catecholamines (CA) were separated in a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system by isocratic elution with pure aqueous buffers from an octadecyl column. These eluates were directly monitored with a new amperometric detector device (Metrohm VA E 641) in a wall-jet flow cell. Sensitivity, specificity, precision and performance of this relatively simple procedure are characterized. Different applications of this assay with relevance to neurobiological research are presented. PMID- 7253702 TI - Etiologic considerations in superior vena cava syndrome. AB - The Mayo Clinic experience with superior vena cava obstruction during the last 20 years was reviewed. The diagnosis of superior vena cava obstruction is often made at the bedside. Typical symptoms include suffusion, dyspnea, cough, and, less commonly, pain, syncope, dysphagia, and hemoptysis. The most important physical findings are the increased collateral veins covering the anterior chest wall and the dilated neck veins with edema of the face, arms, and chest. The chest x-ray film usually shows widening of the superior mediastinum. Of our 86 cases of superior vena cava obstruction, 67 (78%) were due to malignancy and 19 (22%) to benign causes. The cause of obstruction is usually established by bronchoscopy, open lung biopsy, or biopsy of the superficial lymph node. Radiotherapy remains the standard approach for the treatment of superior vena cava obstruction due to malignant disease. It is of particular interest to note that of the six benign cases resulting from thrombosis of the superior vena cava, three were due to the use of central venous catheters. Physicians should be aware of this association. PMID- 7253701 TI - Ca2+-selective electrodes: a novel PVC-gelled neutral carrier mixture compared with other currently available sensors. AB - The great importance of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ in regulating cellular function has stimulated the development of several more-or-less calcium-selective sensor systems for microelectrodes. The known formulations each have serious deficiencies, particularly in fine microelectrodes. We have developed a new sensor which gives distinctly improved performance in submicron tips. This sensor combines the widely used neutral carrier ETH1001 (Ammann et al., 1979) with an intensely hydrophobic salt into a poly(vinyl-chloride) gel. This study compares the calibration responses of the various sensor systems under a uniform set of experimental conditions. PMID- 7253703 TI - Diarrhea due to Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni. A clinical review of 63 cases. AB - Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni was isolated fom the feces of 63 (3.2%) of the 1,953 patients who had stools cultured at the Mayo Clinic in 1979. In contrast, Salmonella and Shigella combined were isolated from 31 (1.6%) patients. Two patients had double infections with Salmonella species and C. fetus subsp jejuni. Three patients had no diarrhea at the time of stool culture. One patient, who had chronic lymphocytic leukemia, had both blood and stool cultures positive for C. fetus subsp jejuni. There was a seasonal incidence that peaked in July when 7.8% of all patients who had stools cultured had C. fetus subsp jejuni isolated. Thirteen cases occurred in children 5 years of age and younger and 29 cases occurred between the ages of 15 and 30 years. Clinical features often included a prodrome of malaise, which preceded the onset of abdominal cramps, diarrhea, anorexia, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Grossly bloody diarrhea occurred in 33 patients, and massive intestinal bleeding occurred in 1 patient as a late complication after diarrhea had resolved. Transient splenomegaly was attributed to C. fetus subsp jejuni on one occasion. Proctoscopic findings may be similar to those seen in inflammatory bowel disease or pseudomembranous colitis. Three patients were referred to this institution with newly diagnosed chronic ulcerative colitis, and one patient was referred with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease. C. fetus subsp jejuni was isolated from their stools, and the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease was subsequently dropped. A selected review of cases illustrates the variety of gastrointestinal manifestations seen with this organism. PMID- 7253705 TI - Statistics for clinicians. 7. Regression. PMID- 7253704 TI - Single metastasis to the brain. Surgical treatment in 122 consecutive patients. PMID- 7253706 TI - Paratesticular accessory spleen. PMID- 7253707 TI - The autopsy: do we still need it? PMID- 7253709 TI - Rabies prevention. PMID- 7253708 TI - Metronidazole: current status. PMID- 7253710 TI - Studies on pleural fluid. PMID- 7253713 TI - Age-associated changes in the micronuclear cycle of Tetrahymena thermophila A III heterokaryons. A brief note. AB - The micronuclear cycle of Tetrahymena thermophila A III heterokaryons is shown to change with increasing clonal age. Autoradiographic and cytofluorimetric studies suggest that alteration may be due to (1) loss of late replicating sequences, or (2) (more likely) changes in the timing of micronuclear division and S with respect to cytokinesis. PMID- 7253712 TI - Anorexia Nervosa. PMID- 7253711 TI - Echovirus type 11 infection. PMID- 7253714 TI - Relationship between fluorescent age pigment, physiological age and physical activity in the housefly, Musca domestica. AB - The objective of this investigation was to examine whether fluorescent age pigment (FAP) was associated with the physiological rather than the chronological age of houseflies (Musca domestica) and to determine if the level of physical activity of individual flies was related to their FAP content. Distinction between the physiological age and the chronological age of the flies was made on the basis of flightlessness which occurs prior to death in all houseflies. Flies with shorter life expectancy become flightless earlier. Walking and flying activity of individual flies was measured by radar-Doppler instrumentation developed in this laboratory. The concentration of FAP, determined by fluorimetry, increased with age but the rate of increase was greater in flightless flies than in their flying cohorts of the same age. FAP content of individual flies tended to be greater in flies exhibiting relatively high levels of physical activity. The results of this study suggest that FAP concentration is associated with life expectancy and physical activity of houseflies. PMID- 7253715 TI - Evolution of the distribution, proliferation and ultraviolet repair capacity of rat lens epithelial cells as a function of maturation and aging. AB - The symmetrical organization of lens epithelium was a determining factor in this study whose purpose was to investigate the growth of this tissue during development, maturation and aging. By direct observation it was possible to score all the nuclei, to determine four different zones of cellular density and to monitor them during the whole lifespan. The central zone is mainly quiescent and the proliferation at the periphery accounts for the low steady growth rate of the tissue. With aging there is a continuous decrease in the mitotic index and a cell size enlargement. These cells were able to perform unscheduled DNA synthesis in vitro after ultraviolet irradiation. There is an age-related decrease in DNA repair, but most of it occurs during development (until 59 weeks of age) and then remains constant (59-173 weeks). These results mean that in a differentiated pure cell population aging is not directly related to decline in unscheduled DNA synthesis. PMID- 7253716 TI - Thermal stability of reconstituted collagen fibrils. Shrinkage characteristics upon in vitro maturation. AB - Thermal stability measured as area shrinkage without tension during heating was determined for membranes of collagen fibrils reconstituted from solutions of highly purified rat skin collagens. Shrinkage in per cent of area at 25 degrees C and shrinkage temperature were quantitated in a standardized way and determined as a function of in vitro maturation time for 11 to 104 days after aggregation for the collagen membranes. Similar to reports on intact rat skin, shrinkage temperature remained constant and shrinkage per cent declined with a rate decreasing with time during maturation. Solubility in water at 80 degrees C for 2 hours was 95-96% and remained unchanged for the maturation time (about 2 months) studied. The decreased shrinkage reflecting a lower degree of collapse is ascribed to an increasing thermal stability of the membranes during maturation. Development of heat-stable bonds in the reconstituted collagen fibrils is taken up to be amenable to this increased stability. Similarity in changes of shrinkage characteristics during in vivo and in vitro maturation indicates that maturation changes in reconstituted collagen fibrils reflect those occurring in intact collagen during in vivo aging. PMID- 7253717 TI - Quantitative measures of aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. I. Population and longitudinal studies of two behavioral parameters. AB - As a first step in the quantitative characterization of senescence in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we have studied movement wave frequency, defecation frequency, and whole-body water efflux as a function of age. Populations of C. elegans, strain N2, were cultured monoxenically on E. coli lawns at 20 degrees C. The median lifespan in such populations was approximately 12 days. Population mean movement wave frequency declined linearly with age (slope = -4.66 waves/minute per day). The decline in population mean defecation frequency (defecations per minute) was multiphasic, consisting of (1) a rapid decline (slope = -0.233 defecations/minute per day) from day 3 to day 6, (2) no apparent trend from day 6 to day 9, and (3) a gradual decline (slope = -0.089 defecations/minute per day) from 9 to day 14. Animals alive on or after day 15 were not observed to defecate. In longitudinal studies, individual animals exhibited linear declines in movement wave frequency and multiphasic declines in defecation frequency. For future population studies, the age-dependent declines in movement and defecation frequency appear sufficiently large and reproducible to a multiparametric description of senescence in C. elegans. One physiological parameter, 3H2O efflux, was found to be age-independent and to consist of two first-order rates. The half-times of the slow and fast efflux rates were approximately 15 and approximately 2.1 minutes, respectively. The two half-times and the fractions of 3H2O exhibiting the two half-times were invariant with age. PMID- 7253718 TI - The National Institute on Aging repository cell cultures. PMID- 7253719 TI - A computer model of the evolution of specific maximum lifespan. AB - To answer the question of why organisms have evolved finite and specific maximum lifespans, I have built and experimentally studied a discrete-event simulation model of the evolution of lifespan. Through natural selection, the model evolves an apparent plateau in maximum lifespan, the height of which is a decreasing function of both the intensity of niche fluctuations and specific fecundity. Evolved lifespan is therefore finite (small and essentially constant over accessible time intervals) and specific. Experiments demonstrate that the plateau is not due to group selection. Instead, it occurs because the rate of increase of maximum lifespan by natural selection - in an environment presenting a finite probability that death will occur prior to reaching the genetically specified maximum - is a decreasing function of maximum lifespan itself and asymptotically approaches zero. This supports in part a class of existing hypotheses that finite lifespan is due to an equilibrium between weak selection, as in the model, and various lifespan-decreasing processes, which however were not simulated in the present experiments. Although the model shows that such counter processes are not strictly necessary for the evolution of finite and specific maximum lifespan, my interpretation of the model's correspondence to organic evolution does imply a counter process, a bias in random genetic drift toward shorter lifespan, that is more general than those previously hypothesized. PMID- 7253720 TI - Bovine serum albumin humoral immune response in aged Fischer 344 rats. AB - The circulating antibody titers to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were determined for two groups of aged Fischer 344 rats obtained form the National Institute on Aging. One group received a single immunization of BSA in complete Freund's adjuvant, and the second group was immunized three times at two-week intervals with twice the antigen dosage. An age difference was observed during the peak response in both groups, the younger rats having higher titers; however, upon multiple injections the older rats show an enhanced response although significantly lower than the younger rats. All antibody titers increased at the same rate, yet measurable antibody always appeared first in younger animals. PMID- 7253721 TI - Sister chromatid exchange in aged human lymphocytes. A brief note. AB - A study of the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency in peripheral lymphocytes from 26 human subjects, with in vivo age of the cells as the variable, demonstrated a significant increase in SCE frequency with increasing age of the subject (analysis of variance: p less than 0.01). The cells were cultured in Eagles' basal medium with 5-bromodeoxyuridine added to a final concentration of 10 microM. These results are contradictive to the brunt of the literature which indicates that background SCE frequency does not change with age. PMID- 7253722 TI - In vitro aging of human bone marrow derived stromal cells. AB - We have studied the in vitro cellular aging process in human bone marrow derived stromal cells. Two cell types, here called type I and type II, can be distinguished in the primary cell population. During subcultivation, resulting in aging in vitro, the type I cells gradually disappear, whereas the type II cells form an increasing fraction of the population. This observation is confirmed by cloning experiments, revealing that type I cells act as progenitor cells, giving rise to non-dividing type II cells. These results are best explained by the terminal differentiation theory as proposed by Martin et al. PMID- 7253723 TI - Body temperature in normal and endotoxin-treated mice of different ages. AB - Elderly people contract more gram-negative infections than does the younger population and, thus, are exposed to larger amounts of bacterial endotoxins. The differential effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in aging have been investigated here. LPS have increased toxicity for aged mice (12 and 24 months) compared to that in 2-month-old mice in that two-thirds of both 24-month-old Balb/c and C57Bl/6 male mice were killed by an intravenous dose of 50 microgram of LPS. Body temperatures were also affected by aging. Both C57Bl/6 and Balb/c mice showed a maximum body temperature at 12 months of age; 24-month-old mice had mean body temperatures of at least 2 C less than 12-month-old animals. LPS induced hypothermia in young mice as described by others, but in 24-month-old mice there was a marked hyperthermia following LPS injection. Increased sensitivity to LPS with age may result from differences in the effects of LPS on target cells or differences in responsiveness to secondary mediators. In addition, LPS have profound effects on the immune system which may be changed with age. PMID- 7253724 TI - The monoclonal antibodies of cold agglutinin syndrome. PMID- 7253725 TI - Growth interaction between locus coeruleus and trigeminal ganglion after intraocular double grafting. AB - Fetal trigeminal ganglia were combined in the anterior chamber of eyes of rat recipients with sequentially grafted fetal locus coeruleus transplants. After maturation of both grafts in oculo the growth pattern of locus coeruleus derived noradrenaline fibres in the iris was examined with Falck-Hillarp fluorescence histochemistry. Contrary to what was expected from earlier studies, which revealed a radiating halo of fibres around the CNS tissue on the iris, the locus coeruleus-derived fibres radiated to a large extent from the adjacent trigeminal ganglion attachment. Thus, the presence of a grafted trigeminal ganglion changed the distribution of the central monoamine nerves growing out in the iris. The possible cause of this changed distribution is discussed. Maturated intraocular trigeminal ganglion transplants were retransplanted, together with the whole iris to which it was attached, into a new eye which already harboured a maturated locus coeruleus graft attached to its host iris. The expected reinitiated locus coeruleus fibre ingrowths into the iris transplants were then compared in those iris transplants that had trigeminal ganglia and controls that had not. The surface area of the iris grafts covered by newly formed locus coeruleus noradrenaline fibres was significantly smaller (27% reduction) if trigeminal ganglia were situated on them during the reinnervation process. This finding strongly supports our earlier studies, which suggested that the presence of sensory nerves in the iris inhibits growth of locus coeruleus in that receptor tissue, and furthermore, that the sensory nerves responsible for this inhibitory interaction have their origin within the trigeminal ganglion itself. PMID- 7253726 TI - Effects of ethanol on the developing rat. I. Ethanol metabolism and effects on lactate, pyruvate, and glucose concentrations. AB - Ethanol, 27.1 mmol/kg, or saline, was administered to rats (n = 120) in classes weighing 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 g. The metabolic rate of ethanol (g/kg X min-1) was more than three times higher in adult animals than in new-born ones. The lactate to pyruvate ratio was unchanged in the lowest weight class, but increased in all the others. Using freeze-clamp technique to determine liver lactate to pyruvate ratio, the ratio was significantly higher in ethanol-treated rats in all weight classes. Ethanol induced a significant hypoglycemia in the lowest weight class but not in any other class. Thus the metabolic responses to ethanol were found to be different during various stages of development in the rat. PMID- 7253727 TI - Effects of ethanol on the developing rat. II. Coordination as measured by the tilting-plane test. AB - Ethanol 27.1 mmol/kg body weight, was administered intraperitoneally to rats in the weight classes 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 g. Controls were given saline, the total number of animals used being 120. Blood ethanol concentration and performance on the tiling-plane test was determined before and up to six hours after administration. Total ethanol elimination was low in the smallest weight classes, increasing during adolescence. The three smallest weight classes showed no impairment of performance after ethanol, while the 150-250 g classes were significantly impaired during the time of maximum blood ethanol concentration. PMID- 7253728 TI - Cytologic findings in cervical chlamydial infection. AB - A study population of 240 young women who were sexual partners of men suffering from nongonococcal urethritis was investigated to establish whether it is possible, using routine cytology, to identify morphologic changed of diagnostic value in cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis. Nonspecific severe inflammatory cellular atypias were significantly more frequent in the group of 93 C. trachomatis culture-positive women (38%) than in the control group of 147 C. trachomatis culture-negative women (18%). Tissue repair cells, appearing as a result of marked tissue destruction, were fond in 12% and in 3%, respectively. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, pathognomonic of C. trachomatis, were not discovered in smears stained by papanicolaou's method. Hence, routine cytology is not the proper diagnostic method for chlamydial cervical infection. Dyskaryotic changes showing mild dysplasia occurred significantly more often in the C. trachomatis culture-positive women. This observation justifies the assumption that chlamydial infection may play a part in the development of dysplastic epithelial atypias of the cervix. PMID- 7253729 TI - [Legionnaires' disease. First observations in Catalonia (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the first two cases of legionnaires' disease from Catalonia. Both patients were chronic bronchitic males, and the cases were sporadic. The onset of the disease was characterized by a febrile illness with muscle and joint pains, respiratory symptoms (cough and mucous sputum production), and mental changes. There were no digestive complaints. Pulmonary consolidation occurred in both patients in the left upper lobe. Blood chemistries disclosed the existence of an absolute lymphopenia, altered liver function tests, and elevated CPK levels. Bacterial cultures of blood and sputum, respiratory virus screening (influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, and adenoviruses), and tests for Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Coxiella burnetti and Chlamydia psittaci were all negative. Antibody titers against Legionella pneumophila by indirect immunofluorescence were 1/1024 (positive) for serotype 1 and 1/1024 (positive) for serotype II in one patient, and 1/1024 (positive) for serotype I and 1/128 (negative) for serotype II in the other patient. The authors review the epidemiological, clinical, biochemical and diagnostic aspects of legionnaires' disease, which knowledge will undoubtedly allow to detect an increasing number of cases. PMID- 7253730 TI - [High density lipoprotein cholesterol. Normal values, influence of vascular risk factors and of a vegetarian diet (author's transl)]. AB - The serum levels of cholesterol bound to high density lipoproteins (HDL-C) were determined by the heparin-manganese chloride precipitation method in 306 subjects, 182 male with ages ranging from 11 to 81 years, and 124 female with ages ranging from 7 to 78 years. Twenty six subjects belonged to a lacto vegetarian community, while the remaining 280 were healthy volunteers, factory workmen sampled during a regular check-up, and either outpatients or inpatients being evaluated for minor illnesses or minor surgery. None of the subjects had arteriosclerosis or a metabolic disease and, with the exception of the lacto vegetarians, they were all consuming a normal diet. HDL-C concentrations varied very little among the different age groups. Females had HDL-C values slightly superior to those of males. No significant differences were found between smokers and non-smokers, alcohol drinkers and non-drinkers, and regularly exercising and sedentary people. HDL-C concentrations were independent of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Females under oral contraceptive treatment had lower HDL-C levels than control females, but the differences were not statistically significant. Compared with age and sex-matched controls, the lactovegetarians showed similar HDL-C concentrations. PMID- 7253731 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin as an index of diabetes mellitus control (author's transl)]. AB - Glycosylated hemoglobin ((HbA1c) is formed by structural modification of HbA in a slow and irreversible non-enzymatic reaction. Its concentration is proportional to mean blood glucose levels during approximately four weeks, being therefore a useful index of diabetes mellitus control. The introduction of a microcolumn chromatographic method that measures together the subfractions HbA1a + b + c (fast Hb) and is well correlated to HbA1c has permitted the routine clinical measurement of this parameter. The authors used this method to study the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin in normal subjects, acutely decompensated diabetics, and diabetic outpatients classified according to their degree of control. The highest levels were detected in acutely decompensated patients and in those with chronic poor compensation. It is concluded that HbA1 constitutes a good index of compensation in diabetes, and that it may in the future unify existing criteria on the disease, contributing to clarify the problems about the correlation between the degree of compensation of diabetes and the incidence and evolution of its specific complications. PMID- 7253732 TI - [Hodgkin's disease presenting as an hepatic disease. Report of two cases (author's transl)]. AB - During the course of Hodgkin's disease there is a low incidence of clinical manifestations of liver involvement: less than 15% of the patients present jaundice at some time during the evolution of their disease. The initial manifestation of Hodgkin's disease as an hepatic illness is a rare event. Two such cases are herein reported. The first patient was a 68 year-old male with a febrile illness of one month duration who 15 days before admission presented painless jaundice, dark urine, and discolored stools. The clinical work-up pointed to the possible existence of an extrahepatic cholestasis. At laparotomy a normal biliary tree was found, and surgical liver biopsy disclosed severe tissue cholestasis and a granulomatous portal reaction constituted by white blood cells, eosinophiles and histiocytes, most of them atypical and some showing features of Reed-Sternberg cells. The second patient was a 21 year-old male with a febrile illness of four months duration who developed jaundice and progressive mental obtundation one week before admission. The biochemical studies demonstrated severe pancytopenia and signs of advanced liver failure. Percutaneous liver biopsy disclosed a normal hepatic architecture and the presence of numerous atypical histiocytes in the portal areas. Lymphography showed sizeable pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes. Subsequent laparotomy for lymph node biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease, nodular sclerosis type. The authors suggest that hepatic Hodgkin's disease must be considered in the differential diagnosis of any febrile illness with jaundice. PMID- 7253733 TI - [Study of 51 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation with reference to the association with acute renal failure. Results in severely ill patients (author's transl)]. AB - During the years 1977 to 1979 51 patients admitted to a general Intensive Care Unit were diagnosed of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); their clinical histories were reviewed and they form the basis of this report. The diagnosis was made independently of the eventual clinical manifestations and it was based on the platelet count, serum fibrinogen levels, alteration of the prothrombin time and the cephalin-kaolin time, elevation of fibrin degradation products, and positivity of the ethanol test. An attempt was made to elucidate the precipitating cause of the coagulopathy, and to see if there was one or more of them. Particular emphasis is made on the association with Gram negative sepsis. Survival was evaluated in relation to heparin therapy, massive doses of corticosteroids, and association to acute renal failure. In conclusion, severe DIC with or without bleeding appears to be a manifestation of multiorgan failure seen in severely ill patients; the prognosis and mortality of this form of DIC is worse than the usual DIC and treatment with heparin or corticosteroids do not increase survival, while its association to acute renal failure implies a higher mortality (p less than 0.02). PMID- 7253735 TI - [Cardiac amyloidosis]. PMID- 7253736 TI - [Costal chondrosarcoma mimicking an abdominal tumor]. PMID- 7253737 TI - [Pulmonary edema following intravenous heroin]. PMID- 7253734 TI - [Transformation of a rib plasmocytoma into an amyloid tumor (author's transl)]. AB - The appearance of amyloidosis during the course of multiple myeloma is a well known fact and has an overall incidence of 6 to 15%. However, the total transformation of a plasmocytoma into a voluminous amyloid tumor is a very rare event. A female patient was diagnosed of lambda light chain disease after developing a conspicuous rib plasmocytoma over the same region where a pathological fracture had appeared three years before. She was treated with discontinuous courses of melphalan and methyl-prednisolone, and developed a reversible nephrotic syndrome and a pathological fracture of the right clavicle. At necropsy there was generalized amyloidosis and complete substitution of the rib plasmocytoma by amyloid substance, with another important accumulation of amyloid in the region of the clavicular fracture. The present concepts on amyloidogenesis in multiple myeloma are reviewed, and the peculiarities of the present case together with the possible role of initiating factors and the effects of therapy are discussed. The case herein reported appears to represent a human model of focal amyloidogenesis in myeloma. PMID- 7253738 TI - [Usefulness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a multibed chamber in the treatment of gangrenous myonecrosis]. PMID- 7253740 TI - [Hepatic tuberculosis]. PMID- 7253739 TI - [Chlamydia psittaci infections (psittacosis)]. PMID- 7253741 TI - [IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. AB - Glomerulonephritis with mesangial deposition of IgA was diagnosed in 31 patients. In Spain this disease is the second more frequent primary glomerulonephritis, representing 27% of them. One out of every four patients with IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis ends the clinical course in renal failure. Such bad evolution might be predicted by the existence of arterial hypertension, severe proteinuria, degree of glomerular sclerosis, presence of HLA Bw35, and increased polymeric IgA in serum. The present pathogenetic concepts are reviewed. PMID- 7253742 TI - [Clinical, radiological, and respiratory fuction evolution of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Little is known about the evolution of patients surviving an episode of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ADRS). In the present study the clinical and radiological evolution, and the course of pulmonary function changes were evaluated in nine patients that survived an episode of ADRS. There were six male and three female, with a mean age of 44 +/- 16 (mean +/- SD). The initial PaO2 was 39 +/- 10 with a FiO2 less than 35, and 59 +/- 23 with a FiO2 of 1. Four patients were smokers and one had a history of chronic bronchitis. Pulmonary function studies disclosed a peripheral obstructive ventilatory alteration in one patient, a peripheral and central alteration in four, and non-obstructive changes in three. Follow-up pulmonary functions studies were carried out in six cases and demonstrated a significant increase of DLCO (p less than 0.01). Airway obstruction was present in one case, the same degree of obstruction was maintained in two cases, a reversible bronchospasm appeared in one case, and respiratory fuction returned to normal in two cases. The severity of the ADRS was unrelated to the later evolution. The results suggest that residual functional abnormalities might be related to the administration of high concentrations of O2. No residual clinical or radiological alterations were observed. Because of the multifactorial etiology of ADRS and of the reduced number of patients studied the results are non-homogeneous. However, DLCO appears to be the best parameter to indicate functional recovery. Residual abnormalities are minimal and temporary, and full recovery is to be expected. PMID- 7253743 TI - [Immunological profile against the hepatitis B virus in different population groups (author's transl)]. AB - To study the immunological profile against the hepatitis B virus 742 sera (107 from the Renal Unit and 635 from other hospital services) were assayed for HBsAg, HBsAc, and HBcAc. The results obtained appear to indicate that the simultaneous determination of the three tests is unnecessary for diagnosis, although it is important for follow-up and prognosis. The isolated measurement of HBsAg is a good diagnostic test, but although it appears early it lasts little, a reason why it should perhaps be complemented with the other tests when considering the time factor. If only one technique is to be made available HBcAc determination seems necessary because it appears simultaneously with the HBsAg and it persists for a long time thereafter. A high degree of positivity of HBsAc and HBcAc was found in dialysis patients, a fact apparent also in the other population groups. PMID- 7253745 TI - [Tricuspid endocarditis in heroin addicts (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of tricuspid endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus in two young heroin addicts are reported. In one of them there was concomitant aortic valve involvement. The clinical picture was typical. Tricuspid and aortic valve vegetations were demonstrated by cardiac ultrasonography. The relatively good prognosis of tricuspid endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed in one of the cases in whom an excellent response to therapy with cephalothin and gentamicin was obtained. Simultaneous aortic involvement worsens the prognosis considerably. The clinical features characteristic of endocarditis in heroin addicts are reviewed, with emphasis in those that permit to distinguish them from endocarditis in the general population. Although only indirect data are available the disease will probably be seen with increasing frequency in Spain. PMID- 7253744 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus with late clinical onset (author's transl)]. AB - This report concerns a retrospective study of 14 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) of onset after age 50, the clinical, evolutive, and therapeutic aspects having been evaluated. Eleven patients were female and three were male. Mean age of onset of symptoms was 60 years. Most frequently observed symptoms were arthralgias and/or arthritis, followed by pleurisy and/or pericarditis. A high incidence of liver involvement was noted. All the patients were treated with 6-methyl prednisolone. Four patients died, two as a consequence of chronic renal failure, and two from complications likely related to corticosteroid therapy. It is concluded that SLE of late onset has certain clinical and therapeutic features that distinguish it from that of earlier onset. PMID- 7253746 TI - [Paraneoplastic hypouricemia in Hodgkin's lymphoma secondary to a renal tubular reabsorption defect of uric acid (author's transl)]. AB - A patient is reported with stage IV-B Hodgkin's lymphoma, lymphocyte depletion type, and associated hypouricemia (1,7 mg/dl). In the few cases described of this association hypouricemia was secondary to a high renal clearance of urate, but in no case was the involved tubular level precisely delimited. In the present case the pyrazinamide and the probenecid tests were performed, disclosing the existence of a possible defect in the postsecretory reabsorptive phase which was improved by therapy. The different pathogenetic mechanisms described to explain this transitory tubular defect are reviewed. PMID- 7253747 TI - [Polycystic renal disease in the adult associated with an incomplete form of Marfan's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - A case of polycystic renal disease of the adult associated to dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta with histological findings compatible with Marfan's syndrome is reported. A review of the literature discloses only one case of this association, although without cardiovascular abnormalities. Polycystic renal disease of the adult is associated with some frequency to aneurysms of the cerebral arteries and, occasionally, to aneurysms of systemic arteries (splenic and renal). On the other hand, the Marfan's syndrome presents the well known dysmorphic manifestations associated to cystic degeneration of certain organs (congenital pulmonary cystic disease and congenital renal cysts, amongst others), constituting the so-called secondary abnormalities. The association herein reported might be considered as casual, but could also represent simultaneous mutations due to a single mutagenic factor. This explanation is supported by the identical hereditary pattern and the fact that both diseases share some secondary abnormalities. PMID- 7253749 TI - [Infectious endocarditis in drug addicts]. PMID- 7253748 TI - [Hepatic cirrhosis and primary pulmonary hypertension. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - The present report deals with the clinical history and autopsy findings of a 41 year-old male patient with hepatic cirrhosis, surgical splenorenal shunt and severe pulmonary hypertension. Since the original description of Mantz and Craige several series have been reported, both in children and in adults, of the association between pulmonary hypertension and liver disease and/or portal hypertension. However, the type of hepatic alteration associated to pulmonary hypertension and the mechanisms responsible for this association remain unclarified. In the present case prominent plexiform and/or angiomatoid lesions of the pulmonary vasculature were observed, prompting the authors to speculate on the possibility that non-identified vasoconstrictor substances might contribute to the production of morphological lesions in the arterio-venous pulmonary shunts. PMID- 7253750 TI - [Isolation of Brucella melitensis from pleural fluid]. PMID- 7253751 TI - [Cardiac neurosis and hypophosphatemia]. PMID- 7253752 TI - [Renal disease in myeloma. Role of the tumor cell mass (author's transl)]. AB - Out of a group of 57 patients with the diagnosis of multiple myeloma fourteen (25%) with different degrees of renal disease were selected. Bence-Jones (BJ) proteinuria, infections, and, above all, the tumoral cell mass were the three main factors implicated in the development of myeloma associated renal disease. Only 13% of IgG myelomas presented with renal failure as compared to 27% of IgA myelomas. The patients with BJ and IgD myeloma, classically those with a higher tendency to develop renal disease (in our series 37% of BJ myelomas and 50% of IgD myelomas had renal disease), had the biggest tumoral cell mass of all patients studied. The relationship between tumor cell mass and renal disease in myeloma is supported by the recovery of renal function in a patient with chronic renal failure after a treatment-induced reduction of the tumoral cell mass from 1.71 to 0.82 x 10(12) cells/m2 body surface. PMID- 7253754 TI - [Mechanical complications of temporary pacemakers. Criteria for the diagnosis of perforation and dislodgement (author's transl)]. AB - The methods used in the early diagnosis of catheter malposition are compared in 31 patients with temporary endovenous pacemaker. In all cases the heart and the pericardial space were observed either at surgery or at post-mortem examination. The patients were divided into three groups: Group A: eight patients with proof of perforation of the free wall of the right ventricule. Group B: eight patients with dislodgement of the catheter and dysfunction of demand and stimulation without signs of perforation. Group C: fifteen patients without neither dysfunction or perforation. Clinical, radiological and electrocardiographic data were evaluated in each group. With the exception of cardiac tamponade, there were no clinical symptoms distinguishing perforation from dislodgement. Radiologically, only important changes in catheter position had diagnostic value. ECG changes were not diagnostic. Endocavitary ECG permits to locate the catheter with respect to the right ventricular wall. A good contact with the endocardium determines the appearance of a pathologic wave in the distal electrogram which diminishes or disappears after perforation or dislodgement. In the group A patients the QRS was predominantly positive, a feature that was not observed in the other two groups. When the catheter backed up to the atrium, high voltage atrial potentials were registered. Although the analysis of endocavitary recordings constitutes the most useful method to detect catheter malposition, only the total clinical, radiological, and electrocardiographic data provide a firm diagnosis. PMID- 7253753 TI - [Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Clinicoradiological study of 28 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae may present at any age after age five. The clinical picture varies from an acute febrile illness to a prolonged disease with affected general state and little pulmonary involvement. The radiological picture is varied but the alveolar pattern predominates, making the differential diagnosis with the bacterial pneumonias difficult. However, in the presence of an interstitial or mixed pattern, especially if generalized, pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae must be suspected. This radiological picture is particularly frequent in elderly patients, often affected by other diseases able to induce immunodepression. In such patients the radiology and the unspecific clinical picture frequently cause diagnostic delays. The presence of a pneumonia with multisystem involvement (blood, nervous system, joints, etc.) should suggest the possibility of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. PMID- 7253755 TI - [Response of growth hormone (GH) to glucagon-propranolol stimulation in diabetic subjects (author's transl)]. AB - The functional study of growth hormone (GH) requires at least three different stimulation tests. To obtain a degree of hypoglycemia good enough to stimulate GH release is difficult in diabetic patients, and this fact has prompted us to utilize the stimulation induced by glucagon-propranolol. The test was performed in 15 diabetic patients and the results compared to those of 15 non-diabetic subjects. In the diabetic patients GH increased after stimulation from a mean basal level of 2.14 ng/ml to 15.32 ng/ml (p less than 0.01). Peak GH levels in plasma were reached between 120 and 180 minutes. Two failures were found and there were only minimal side effects. The results indicate that the test is valuable for the study of GH release in diabetic patients, and that it may substitute for the induction of hypoglycemia, which is more difficult to obtain in these patients. Finally, the results are compared to those obtained by other authors. PMID- 7253756 TI - [Prolonged hypotension after the first dose of atenolol (author's transl)]. AB - A 30 year-old male patient with accelerated arterial hypertension relatively resistent to diazoxide received a single oral dose of 100 mg of atenolol, following which hypotension of more than 24 hours duration and acute renal failure ensued. These alterations were reversible and did not recur with subsequent doses of atenolol. Prior therapy with diazoxide might have potentiated the hypotensive action of atenolol. The abnormality could be due to a phenomenon of hyperreactivity to the first dose of atenolol, similar to what has been described following first doses of prazosin or labetalol. This observation suggests that atenolol therapy must be started with caution, especially in patients previously treated with diazoxide. PMID- 7253758 TI - [Studies of complement, nephritic factor, and circulating immune complexes in chronic mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis types I and II (author's transl)]. AB - The complement components CH50, C3, C4, and C1q, factor B, nephritic factor (NF), and circulating immune complexes (CIC) have been studied in 22 patients with chronic mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (CMCGN). Of the 22 patients studied, eight had normal complement levels and 14 had hypocomplementemia with marked reductions of C3 and CH50. Of the latter 14 patients, nine disclosed an activation pattern that followed the alternate pathway, while in the other five the classical pathway was followed. The patients with hypocomplementemia following the alternate pathway and with positive NF activity (five cases) had a histologic pattern of type II CMCGN with dense deposits within the basal membrane, while those with hypocomplementemia following the classical pathway and negative NF activity disclosed a histologic pattern of type I CMCGN. The etiopathogenesis of these two types of glomerulonephritis remains to be elucidated. Although the presence of CIC is discussed and they are only rarely detected with the usual techniques, immune complexes have been implicated as possible responsible factors in these diseases. It has been demonstrated that the NF is an IgG with the characteristics of an autoantibody specific against the C3bB and C3bBb convertases of the alternate pathway, thus forming the trimolecular complex C3bBbNF. Because serum NF is frequently associated to type II CMCGN, it could be speculated that this trimolecular complex behaves as an immune complex, the convertase C3b beeing the antigen and the NF, the antibody, and that, under certain circumstances and because of its low molecular weight, it could cause nephritis by its deposit in the glomerular basal membrane. PMID- 7253757 TI - [Acute Q fever: study of 23 patients (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-three patients with Q fever who were diagnosed over a 3 year period are described. The majority came from the Madrid urban area and less than half had epidemiological antecedents. Nine patients presented with pulmonary infiltrations, 12 with suppressed fever and in 2 criteria for fever of unknown origin were met. The majority had clinical or analytic data of hepatic disease and liver biopsy practiced in 4 patients showed granulomas. Diagnosis was established through the increment of seric antibodies against antigens of phase II C. burnetii, detected by complement fixation test. Acute Q fever is not a rare disease in our environment and must be taken into account when a differential diagnosis is looked for in processes such as fever of short evolution, fever of unknown origin, pneumoniae and granulomatous hepatitis. PMID- 7253759 TI - [The significance of enlarged retinal veins in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: report of a patient (author's transl)]. AB - Multiple sclerosis is a disease of polymorphic presentation and multiple and varied clinical symptoms must be looked for in order to establish a diagnosis, although a definite diagnosis can only be established through post mortem examination. In the early stages, ocular lesions are among the most frequent presenting symptoms and enlarged retinal veins as well as their association with ocular signs such as nystagmus and optic neuritis are characteristic of multiple sclerosis and an important diagnostic sign. In spite of being infrequent, enlarged retinal veins must be looked for when a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is suspected, with its presentation usually being bilateral, peripherical and with a white band surrounding the retinal veins. PMID- 7253761 TI - [Campylobacter jejuni enteritis]. PMID- 7253760 TI - [Rapidly progressive glomerular disease treated with plasmapheresis (author's transl)]. AB - A case of rapidly progressive glomerular disease with 100% of epithelial crescents completely enveloping each glomerulus, prolonged anuria and renal failure requiring dialysis. There were no indications of either streptococcal etiology or systemic disease. Improvement in renal function in response to plasmapheresis and immunosuppressants was spectacular. During two subsequent episodes of renal failure with diminished diuresis response to plasmapheresis was again striking. Assay for circulating immune-complex was always negative. No anti basement membrane antibodies were found. Due to the lack of an adequate vascular access plasmapheresis was discontinued and the patient died 7 months after onset. Tendency to interstitial glomerular sclerosis was established with three renal biopsy specimens taken during progression of the disease. Intense metabolic acidosis suggestive of tubular acidosis, disproportionate to renal insufficiency presented during the last months. Pathologic and prognostic aspects as well as possible access for plasmapheresis are discussed. PMID- 7253762 TI - [Subphrenic abscess]. PMID- 7253763 TI - [Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia: report of eight cases (author's transl)]. AB - Eight cases of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) diagnosed between January 1977 and December 1979 are described. Clinical manifestations included toxic syndrome, cough and fever, lasting from 1 to 15 months. Chest x-ray revealed peripheric bilateral infiltrates, with the exception of one case. In two patients there was no peripheral eosinophilia and five received antituberculous drugs at some point during the illness. In all cases tests for fungi and parasites were negative. In only two patients was an increase in IgE found. Hystological study confirmed CEP in 7 patients through either trans-bronchial biopsy or minimal thoracotomy. Treatment with corticosteroids was dramatically effective in all patients; both clinically and radiologically. In two cases which were asymptomatic, decreased carbon monoxide diffusing capacity persisted six months later. One hundred fifteen cases of CEP published since Carrington et al. first described CEP as a separate entity of the pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia syndrome are reviewed. PMID- 7253765 TI - The value of dark-adaptation as a prognostic tool in diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7253764 TI - Riboflavin deficiency and cataract formation. PMID- 7253768 TI - The value of the oscillatory potential in selecting juvenile diabetics at risk of developing proliferative retinopathy. PMID- 7253766 TI - Decrease in the uptake and concentration of taurine in blood platelets of retinitis pigmentosa patients. PMID- 7253767 TI - Copper metabolism changes in pigmentary retinopathies and high myopia. PMID- 7253769 TI - A new method for the evaluation of psychoactive drug activity. AB - A method for the fast and reliable evaluation of the sedative and/or antidepressant activity of drugs has been tested. The drugs were administered in very small quantities directly on the cortex of conscious rabbits, and spectrum analysis of the electro-corticogram, recorded from the place of administration, was used to evaluate the potency of the drug. A quantitisation of the obtained results has been elaborated. PMID- 7253770 TI - Correlation between the placental and fetal body weight and size of the rat fetuses affected by intra-uterine administration of neuromuscular blocking agents. AB - The data from previous experimental work were analysed and indicated a positive correlation between the placental weight and fetal weight and placental size and fetal size of the rat fetuses affected by intra-uterine administration of neuromuscular blocking agents. Various factors capable of affecting the fetal size and weight were considered. The results tend to support the view that a transient period of reduction in placental blood flow, during the temporary paralysis of affected fetuses, caused their growth retardation and corresponding decrease in the size and weight of their placentae. PMID- 7253771 TI - Bile flow impairment of ventro-medial hypothalamus lesioned obese rats. AB - Cholesterol supersaturation of bile has been reported in human obesity. Since electrolytic lesions placed in the ventro-medial hypothalamus induce hyperphagia and obesity in the rat, bile flow and lipid composition have been studied two months after the induction of such stereotaxic lesions in a group of ten animals and in their sham-operated controls. Bile flow was significantly lower in obese rats than in controls. The bile flow reduction was attributed to a decrease of the bile acid independent fraction, since no variation in bile acid excretion rate and in bile to plasma ratio of [14C] erythritol was seen between the two groups. Whereas plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in ventro-medial hypothalamus lesioned rats, biliary cholesterol and phospholipid excretion rates were similar in the two groups. These data indicate that stereotaxic lesions of ventro-medial hypothalamus in the rat significantly reduce bile flow, suggesting a correlation between active sodium transport at canalicular level and neuroendocrine hypothalamic function, but fail to induce qualitative alterations of bile lipid composition. PMID- 7253773 TI - Inhibition of the pendular movements of the intestine by aminoglycoside antibiotics. AB - In the present study the inhibitory effect of eight aminoglycoside antibiotics on the motility of the rabbit's intestine was investigated. We found that all the antibiotics tested exert inhibitory effect on the motility of the intestine and only quantitative differences exist between them. The inhibitory potency of the antibiotics appears to be as follows: gentamicin greater than amikacin greater than streptomycin greater than sisomicin greater than kanamycin greater than kanendomycin greater than dibekacin greater than tobramycin. The inhibitory effect of the above antibiotics is not exerted through the adrenergic receptors because this effect is also observed after the previous administration of alpha and beta adrenergic receptor blocking agents. Neostigmine is not able to restore the normal motility of the relaxed intestine. The normal pendular movements of the intestine are restored by calcium. PMID- 7253772 TI - Effects of resination on actions of anorexigenic agents. AB - The salt and resinated forms of three anorexigenic agents, d-amphetamine, d,1 amphetamine, and phentermine were examined in rats using two test systems. Appetite depression was determined using a deprivation-induced food consumption test and central stimulatory activity was measured by a two-lever continuous avoidance responding task. Dose-response and time-response studies indicated that the resinated forms of all three compounds had a delayed onset of action as anorexigenic agents and a reduced degree of central stimulatory activity as compared to the salt forms. PMID- 7253775 TI - The influence of some disease states on drug disposition. AB - The course of action of a drug is dependent upon the normal functioning of a number of organs which combine to absorb, distribute, metabolise and excrete the drug at a characteristic rate. A pathological condition of any of these organs may disturb not only their individual contribution to the course of the drug action, but as a secondary effect, those of other organs. Numerous studies of the effect of diseases of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidney have shown that organ dysfunction may be reflected in a changed rate and/or extent of absorption, apparent volume of distribution, plasma protein binding, plasma half-life and plasma and hepatic clearance. Moreover, from a clinical point of view, an important observation has been that for a given pathology, the pharmacokinetic consequence is not necessarily the same for all drugs. At the present time it is not always possible to predict the effect of a given disease on the effectiveness of therapy or to correlate changed kinetics with conventional organ function tests. In some disease states there is a strong argument for the monitoring of each individual patient's plasma drug level especially in the case of drugs with a low therapeutic index. It is also evident that further carefully controlled pharmacokinetic studies need to be carried out to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for observed changes in kinetic constants. A greater understanding of the nature of these mechanisms may eventually help in the design and development of new drugs and in the more effective use of existing ones. PMID- 7253774 TI - Comparison of microbiological and high pressure liquid chromatographic assays of the new cephalosporin cefroxadine. AB - A method employing high pressure liquid chromatography has been developed for the new cephalosporin cefroxadine (CGP 9000). This uses Lichrosorb RP-8 5 micron as the stationary phase and 2 mM phosphoric acid mixed with methanol in the ratio 72:28 for the mobile phase. The retention time is 6.5 minutes. The procedure has a correlation with microbiological assay of r = 0.968 for sera after oral dosage and r = 0.944 after intravenous doses. Correlations in sera from each individual has ranged from 0.957 to 0.998. A protein binding of 5 per cent was found for a concentration of 10 microgram/ml and of 7.5 per cent at 2 microgram/ml. The HPLC method had a recovery of 92.5 at a low level of 2 microgram/ml and 95 per cent at 10 microgram/ml. PMID- 7253776 TI - [A new single unit for liver biopsy easy to handle and with few complications]. PMID- 7253777 TI - [Hazards of medical care]. PMID- 7253778 TI - [Halo-vest treatment in unstable cervical spine lesions]. PMID- 7253780 TI - [Effects of long-term physical therapy in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7253779 TI - [The significance of vitamin E and other antioxidants for our health]. PMID- 7253781 TI - [Erysipelas not to be overlooked in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen]. PMID- 7253783 TI - [Protective effect of cholestyramine in the hepatocarcinogenesis of the rat (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of cholestyramine on hepatocarcinogenesis was investigated in the Wistar rat. After 14 weekly gastric instillation of 50 mg diethylnitrosamine/kg and simultaneous administration of diet supplement with 1.3% cholestyramine, half of the animals developed hepatic tumors. In contrast, nearly all the animals in the control group under similar experimental conditions, but without the cholestyramine supplement in their diet, developed hepatic tumors. The sequestration of bile acids and the reduction of the noxious lithocholic acid could be considered as an explanation for the modification of hepatic tumors induced by diethylnitrosamine in the Wistar rat. PMID- 7253784 TI - [Reimplantation of splenic tissue after neonatal abdominal trauma (author's transl)]. AB - Loss of the spleen in children frequently results in overwhelming infection caused by pneumococci. In order to preserve splenic function the reimplantation of splenic tissue into the abdominal wall and the greater omentum was performed in a newborn child and six other children up to the age of thirteen. Postoperatively the complete absence of Jolly's bodies could be observed, while a continuous increase of IgM was noted. The otherwise mandatory antibiotic prophylaxis over 2 years could be reduced to 5 months in the newborn. PMID- 7253782 TI - Current aspects of immunotherapy in cancer. PMID- 7253785 TI - [Restorative surgery for cancer of the rectum (author's transl)]. AB - Sphincter-saving operations in cancer of the rectum are possible in 60%-70%. The definitive decision for a sphincter-saving rectum resection or a local tumor excision is based upon the results of an exact histological examination. Strict clinical and histopathological selection of patients and observance of certain safeguards are necessary. when comparing the time periods 1969-1973 and 1974 1978, 5-year survival after curative surgical therapy has increased from 50.2 +/- 7.7% to 60.7 +/- 7.6% during the same period of time the proportion of restorative surgery has risen from 17%-64%. PMID- 7253787 TI - [New possibilities to improve ileostomy-function by extremely high water-binding substances (author's transl)]. AB - When an ileostoma is performed on rats, they usually die as a result of cachexia, which is caused by poor utilization of ingesta on account of rapid intestinal transit times. Assuming that oral administration of hydrophilic substances would prolong this transit and thereby the time of survival, rats with an ileostoma were fed a newly developed organic monomer. Its capacity to bind water is about 100 times its own weight. This substance was supplemented with standard diet of different concentrations. A much firmer fecal consistency resulted when 33% monomer was added to the diet. Animals fed a diet containing 50% monomer produced well-formed feces. There was no difference in survival time of the animals on a normal diet. furthermore, administration of a special hypercaloric diet did not cause a prolonged survival time. The reasons and possible therapeutic implications for patients with an ileostoma are discussed. PMID- 7253786 TI - [Experience with the percutaneous transhepatic insertion of a bile duct endoprosthesis (author's transl)]. AB - In thirty patients with extrahepatic cholestasis because of a malignant tumor a permanent bile endoprosthesis was inserted nonsurgically. As prosthesis a teflon tube (OD/ID4.0/3.0mm) was used without side holes (13 cases) or with side holes (17 cases). The bile was drained through the endoprosthesis during a period of 1 32 weeks. The drainage function of the endoprosthesis without side holes was classified as partially effective in seven cases and as insufficient in six cases. The drainage function of the endoprosthesis with side holes was judged as optimal in four cases, partially effective in ten and insufficient in three cases. The dysfunction of the endoprosthesis in nine of thirty cases was caused by lack of side holes, spontaneous occlusion or spontaneous dislocation of the prosthesis. Eight patients developed symptoms of cholangitis. In four cases sepsis occurred after insertion of the prosthesis. One patient died from the sequelae of an intrahepatic pseudoaneurysm, which had developed from a damaged segmental artery following the transhepatic bile drainage. PMID- 7253788 TI - [Amyloidosis of the intestinal tract (author's transl)]. AB - Amyloidosis may afflict different organs of the body and thus cause a variety of clinical symptoms. Amyloidosis of the gastro-intestinal tract can mimic several gastric and intestinal disorders, as for instance disturbances of motility, vascular processes and tumors. The amyloid infiltrates the tissue affected, replaces it and thus cause insufficient organ function. The disease usually progresses slowly, in some cases however, acutely life threatening situations may occur. Biopsy of the rectal mucosa will allow to establish the diagnosis; generalized amyloidosis was present in about 80% of the cases analysed. A medical management has to be done. PMID- 7253790 TI - [Chronic intestinal ischemia after migration of larvae in ascaridiasis (author's transl)]. AB - A case report is given of a 25 year old turkish patient, who had ascaridiasis and multiple stenoses of the small intestine. This syndrome was caused by extensive obliterating phlebitis of the small mesenterial veins and sclerosing lymphadenitis of the mesenterial lymph nodes. Granuloma containing epitheloid cells and giant cells could be found in the venous walls and in the lymph nodes, some of the granuloma being grouped around atrophic ascarides larvae; this demonstrates, that the intestinal stenoses represent an unusual complication of larvae migration in this worm disease. Perforation of the intestinal wall in one these stenotic areas possibly was caused by ascarides worms actively. PMID- 7253789 TI - [Crohn's disease in the stomach and duodenum, a diagnostic problem (author's transl)]. AB - Six cases reports are given of patients with Crohn's disease localized in the stomach or the duodenum, and problems of diagnosis are discussed. In many cases the disease cannot be differentiated from other inflammatory conditions or from gastric carcinoma by means of radiological or endoscopic examination. Careful search for other localisations of the disease, and multiple, accurate biopsies as well as histological examination will allow to establish the diagnosis. If this cannot be done by the before mentioned means, laparotomy has to be performed in order to allow removal of enough tissue for extended histological examination needed to rule out malignancy. PMID- 7253791 TI - [Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the small intestinal, hypogammaglobulinemia and rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - A case report is given of a patient with intestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, hypoimmunoglobulinemia and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis with extensive deformation of joints, who was diagnosed and followed for 10 years clinically and by repeated endoscopic and bioptic examinations. It could be shown for the first time by temporary omission of corticosteroids that continuous therapy with corticosteroids is indispensable in this disease. PMID- 7253793 TI - Differential effects of several dopamine uptake inhibitors and releasing agents on locomotor activity in normal and in reserpinized mice. PMID- 7253792 TI - [Polyps of the gastric stump (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of polyps of the gastric stump was investigated retrospectively in a group of 1292 patients having undergone gastric surgery. The classification as proposed by Elster was used; polyps could be found only in 0,7% of the cases, which is about the same incidence as in stomachs not operated upon. All different types of the classification mentioned could be found. The small number of polyps found does not allow statistically significant analysis of the subgroup incidence. However it was noteworthy, that about 1/3 of the polyps showed characteristics of malignancy. PMID- 7253794 TI - Enhancement by dietary clofibrate of peroxisomal palmityl-CoA oxidase in kidney and small intestine of albino mice and liver of genetically lean and obese mice. PMID- 7253795 TI - A signal detection analysis of morphine effects on the response bias of rats in a two-shock discrimination task. PMID- 7253797 TI - The effects of predictable and unpredictable schedules of physical restraint upon rats. PMID- 7253796 TI - Sensitivity to alcohol in mice with an altered brain fatty acid composition. PMID- 7253798 TI - Specific in vivo binding of 77Br-p-bromospiroperidol in rat brain: a potential tool for gamma ray imaging. PMID- 7253799 TI - Changes in plasma concentrations of acebutolol, propranolol and indomethacin during physical exercise. PMID- 7253800 TI - Effect of desmethylimipramine on tissue distribution and anorectic activity of chlorphentermine in rats. PMID- 7253802 TI - Kinetic analysis of platelet monoamine oxidase in chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 7253803 TI - Induction of behavioral supersensitivity to apomorphine by DFP treatment. PMID- 7253801 TI - Anorectic properties of a new long acting serotonin uptake inhibitor. PMID- 7253805 TI - Immunoreactive alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone, its distribution in the gastrointestinal tract of intact and hypophysectomized rats. PMID- 7253804 TI - Disposition of methadone in the ovine maternal-fetal unit. PMID- 7253806 TI - The effect of late prenatal and/or early postnatal zinc deficiency on the development and some biochemical aspects of the cerebellum and hippocampus in rats. PMID- 7253807 TI - Pharmacological difference of L-dopa, apomorphine, and bromocriptine against metoclopramide. PMID- 7253808 TI - Dexamethasone control of the development of tryptophan oxygenase in young rats. PMID- 7253809 TI - Repeated microsphere injections in rats. PMID- 7253811 TI - Reduced tolerance to morphine thermoregulatory effects in senescent rats. PMID- 7253810 TI - Ephedrine reduces weight of viable yellow obese mice (Avy/a). PMID- 7253812 TI - Crosslinking of membrane proteins in red blood cells from vitamin E-deficient lead-poisoned rats. PMID- 7253813 TI - Actions of a nicotinic agonist, DMPP, on intestinal ion transport in vitro. PMID- 7253815 TI - The in vitro effect of growth hormone on adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase in rats. PMID- 7253814 TI - Differential action of adenosine triphosphate on high affinity transport of L glutamate and L-aspartate in rat brain synaptosomes. PMID- 7253816 TI - Homologous radioimmunoassay for secreted mouse prolactin. PMID- 7253818 TI - A comparison of sarcoplasmic reticulum function in fast and slow skeletal muscle using crude homogenate and isolated vesicles. PMID- 7253819 TI - Influence of clonidine on the acute tolerance pattern to morphine induced analgesia and sensitivity changes in mice. PMID- 7253820 TI - Resting membrane potentials of pacemaker and non pacemaker areas in rat uterus. PMID- 7253817 TI - Decreased lipase activity in pure pancreatic juice and duodenal content from mutant mice with some alterations resembling cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7253821 TI - Chronic D-amphetamine in nucleus accumbens: lack of tolerance or reverse tolerance of locomotor activity. PMID- 7253822 TI - Regulation o hormonal and secretory granule membrane disulfides by adenohypophysial glutathione: disulfide oxidoreductase. PMID- 7253823 TI - The prolactin response to intravenous dextroamphetamine in normal young men and postmenopausal women. PMID- 7253824 TI - Activities of ornithine aminotransferase and ornithine decarboxylase in chronically uremic rats. PMID- 7253825 TI - Prevention of the hepatotoxic action of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene in the rat by inhibition of N-O-sulfation by pentachlorophenol. PMID- 7253826 TI - Influence of propranolol, phenoxybenzamine of phentolamine in the in vivo nocturnal rise of pineal melatonin levels in the Syrian hamster. PMID- 7253827 TI - Central epinergic inhibition of corticosterone release in rat. PMID- 7253828 TI - Comparison of 45Ca2+ uptake activity by microsomes from control and stimulated mouse pancreatic acini. PMID- 7253829 TI - Myocardial histone acetylation. PMID- 7253830 TI - Intracerebral des-tyrosine-gamma-endorphin inhibits methylphenidate induced locomotor activity. PMID- 7253831 TI - The effect of exhaustive exercise on expired pentane as a measure of in vivo lipid peroxidation in the rat. PMID- 7253834 TI - Tolerance to morphine-induced mydriasis in the rat pupil. PMID- 7253833 TI - Hypothalamic injection of morphine: feeding and temperature responses. PMID- 7253832 TI - Striatal muscarinic receptors: regulation by dopaminergic agonists. PMID- 7253835 TI - Mechanism of neurotensin-induced pressor effect and tachycardia in guinea pigs. PMID- 7253836 TI - The influence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and cholecystokinin on prolactin release in rat and human monolayer cultures. PMID- 7253837 TI - Ascorbic acid absorption in man: influence of divided dose and food. PMID- 7253838 TI - Cord blood amine oxidase activities relate to arousal and motor functioning in human newborns. PMID- 7253839 TI - Composition and variability of the branched-chain fatty acid fraction in the milk of goats and cows. AB - Branched-chain fatty acids of the milk fat of goats were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Iso-and anteiso-acids predominated, but a range of other monomethyl-branched components, mostly with methyl-substitution on carbons 4 and 6, was present. Analysis of the milk fat of cows revealed the presence of iso-and anteiso-fatty acid; other monomethyl substituted fatty acids, as found in the milk fat of the goat, were virtually absent. Only a trace amount of 6-methylhexadecanoate was detected. The difference between goats and cows in the effectiveness with which these animals metabolize propionyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA is discussed. PMID- 7253841 TI - Thyroid control over biomembranes: VI. Lipids in liver mitochondria and microsomes of hypothyroid rats. AB - The lipids of liver mitochondria prepared from normal rats and from rats made hypothyroid by thyroidectomy and injection with 131 INa contained similar amounts, per mg protein, of total lipids, phospholipids, neutral lipids and lipid phosphorus. Hypothyroidism caused a doubling of the relative amounts of mitochondrial cardiolipins (CL; to 20.5% of the phospholipid P) and an accompanying trend (although statistically not significant) toward decreased amounts of both phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylserines (PS), with phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) remaining unchanged. The pattern of elevated 18:2 fatty acyl content and depleted 20:4 acyl groups of the mitochondrial phospholipids of hypothyroid preparations was reflected to varying degrees in the resolved phospholipids, with PC showing greater degrees of abnormality than PE, and CL showing none. Hypothyroidism produced the same abnormal pattern of fatty acyl distributions in liver microsomal total lipids as was found in the mitochondria. Hypothyroid rats, when killed 6 hr after injection of [1-14C] labeled linoleate, showed the following abnormalities: the liver incorporated less label into lipids, and converted 18:2 not exclusively to 20:4 (as normals do) but instead incorporated the label mainly into saturated fatty acids. These data, together with the known decrease in beta-oxidation, suggest that hypothyroidism involves possible defective step(s) in the conversion of 18:2 to 20:4. PMID- 7253840 TI - Effect of 2-hexadecynoic acid on cultured 7288C hepatoma cells. AB - The effects of 2-hexadecynoic acid on the growth and lipid metabolism of cultured 7288 (HTC) cells have been evaluated. Growth was inhibited by the acetylenic acid: the LD50 was 35-85 microM as determined by two methods at low and high cell densities. Reduced growth did not result from damaged plasma membranes as determined by alpha-amino isobutyrate leakage. DNA synthesis was unaffected by the acetylenic acid and the effect on RNA and protein synthesis appeared to be secondary to the effects on lipid metabolism. The 2-hexadecynoic acid inhibited lipid metabolism of the HTC cells at least at two levels. Data from both mass studies and radioactive acetate distributions in cellular and media lipids indicated that fatty acid elongation and acylation, especially triglyceride synthesis, were inhibited. PMID- 7253842 TI - Effects of acute administration of chlorinated water on liver lipids. AB - An acute administration of chlorinated water to rats caused "fatty liver" and indicated a more than 2-fold increase in liver triacylglycerols at 2 days after administration. The acyl group composition of triacylglycerols and phospholipids in both liver mitochondria and liver whole homogenate were also altered by the chlorine treatment. Among the phospholipid acyl groups, there was an increase in the proportion of 20:4 but a decrease in most other polyunsaturated acyl groups. The acyl group changes were more obvious with phosphatidylcholines than with phosphatidylethanolamines. Other phospholipids, including cardiolipin in the mitochondrial membranes, were not greatly altered. Both morphological and biochemical changes were maximum at 2 days after the treatment and were fully recovered after 10 days. The disturbance of a number of enzymatic processes in the liver membranes may account for a large part of the changes observed. PMID- 7253844 TI - Dry column method for the quantitative extraction and simultaneous class separation of lipids from muscle tissue. AB - A method for lipid isolation is presented that is alternative to the traditional chloroform/methanol extraction methods. This new method allows lipid isolation by solvent elution of a dry column composed of a tissue sample, anhydrous sodium sulfate, and Celite 545 diatomaceous earth ground together. To isolate total lipids, the dry column is eluted with a mixture of dichloromethane/methanol (90:10, v/v). Alternatively, the lipids may be isolated and simultaneously separated into neutral and polar fractions by a sequential elution procedure; neutral lipids free of polar lipids are eluted first with dichloromethane, followed by elution of polar lipids with the dichloromethane/methanol (90:10) mixture. The two dry column methods-isocratic or sequential elution-were compared with the traditional chloroform/methanol methods by gravimetric, thin layer chromatographic and phosphorus analyses. PMID- 7253843 TI - Separation of wax esters from steryl esters by chromatography on magnesium hydroxide. AB - Chromatography of stearyl oleate and cholesteryl oleate on thin layer plates coated with magnesium hydroxide-celite, 1:1, or magnesia-celite, 1:1, showed that magnesium hydroxide had better resolving power for the separation of these wax ester and steryl ester model compounds than did magnesia, an adsorbent which has been used previously for this separation. By means of high pressure liquid chromatography on magnesium hydroxide, wax esters and steryl esters from the skin surface lipids of human, rat and monkey were separated completely and without hydrolysis. PMID- 7253845 TI - Modification of phenol-sulfuric acid method for the estimation of sugars in lipids. PMID- 7253847 TI - Lack of catabolism of brain cholesterol. AB - Since direct intracranial injections of precursors indicate that cholesterol is synthesized in the brain at all ages, there must be a mode of disposal also. The sterol nucleus itself is not degraded by mammalian systems but the side chain can be metabolized. [26-14C] cholesterol was therefore injected directly into the brain of 8- to 19-day-old rats which were sacrificed at the end of 24 hr, 1 week and 2 weeks after injection. The results indicate that, irrespective of the interval between injection and sacrifice, all of the radioactivity was found in the free cholesterol or the cholesterol component of the sterol esters. No radioactivity was found in the fatty acids of the phospholipids. We therefore conclude that the side chain of the cholesterol does not get metabolized to propionyl CoA, which in turn, could lead to fatty acid synthesis. Radioactivity in the serum, even after 2 weeks, indicates that there must be a slow but steady exchange between the brain and the blood that would explain the route of exit for brain cholesterol. PMID- 7253846 TI - Lipoprotein lipase in cholesterol-fed and control guinea pigs. AB - A study of the in vitro activity of lipoprotein lipase of guinea pigs has shown that (a) the lipolytic activity of activated post-heparin serum is depressed in hypercholesteremic guinea pigs compared to the serum of normocholesteremic guinea pigs; and (b) this depressed lipolytic activity in hypercholesteremic guinea pigs is not due to the presence of an inhibitor. PMID- 7253849 TI - A defense viewpoint on jury selection in medical malpractice cases. PMID- 7253848 TI - Regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase by analogs of cholesterol and bile acids in cultured intestinal mucosa. AB - Sodium fusidate and its glycine conjugate, which have the same detergent properties as bile acids, significantly (p less than 0.05) stimulate HMG-CoA reductase of cultured intestine below the critical micellar concentration (CMC) without affecting brush border enzymes. Above CMC, both amphiphiles are cytotoxic. At concentrations between 1 and 5 mM, sodium fusidate decreased cholesterol contents of cultured mucosa (P less than 0.05), the increase in synthesis only partially compensating for the sterol loss. Oxygenated sterols, 7 keto- and 25-hydroxycholesterol, also depleted mucosal cholesterol at 0.5 mM, exerting their effect differently by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (p less than 0.01). In contrast to their marked effect on total mucosal cholesterol contents, brush border cholesterol was unaffected by both cholesterol and bile acid analogs. PMID- 7253850 TI - Health care as a business. PMID- 7253851 TI - Illegible handwriting and professional negligence. PMID- 7253852 TI - The right to treat a component adult who refuses treatment to prolong life. PMID- 7253853 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of common hip disorders. PMID- 7253855 TI - Bleb in lung--surgical removal--death--malpractice--adverse examination of defendant thoracic surgeon. Part II. PMID- 7253854 TI - Alteration, falsification, and fabrication on records in medical malpractice actions. PMID- 7253856 TI - [Contact-free brightness stabilizer for the RUM-20 x-ray diagnostic unit with image intensifier]. PMID- 7253857 TI - [Improvement of the quality of radiation in x-ray diagnostic machines]. PMID- 7253860 TI - [Attachment to the IFO-451 microphotometer for carrying out direct gel densitometry]. PMID- 7253858 TI - [Present status of electrosurgery]. PMID- 7253859 TI - [Spectrometer for studying relaxation processes in biological specimens]. PMID- 7253861 TI - [Improved tips of gynecological cryoprobes for the treatment of precancerous cervix diseases]. PMID- 7253862 TI - [The use of new materials and structural-technological equipment in foreign medical technology]. PMID- 7253864 TI - [Operations control unit for assisted blood circulation]. PMID- 7253863 TI - [Current status and developmental trends in endoscopic medical technology]. PMID- 7253866 TI - [The RNA-1 hematologic autoanalyzer]. PMID- 7253865 TI - [The STI-1 needle-shaped tissue stapler]. PMID- 7253867 TI - Reasons for dropout from exercise programs in post-coronary patients. AB - The dropout rate in the 7-yr Ontario Exercise Heart Collaborative Study of post coronary men engaged in exercise programs was examined in order to determine possible contributing factors. A questionnaire pertaining to psychosocial and program-related variables was distributed to 728 subjects who were previously assigned randomly on the basis of four prognostic risk factors (occupation, personality, hypertension, and angina) into exercise groups: low intensity exercise (LIE), and high intensity exercise (HIE). Comparisons of answers by the 639 respondents (266 dropouts; 373 compliers) were made initially by chi-square analysis to determine significant categories of questions and, subsequently, by a logistic transform to determine the specific questions which related significantly to the dropout rate. It was found that three main categories were associated with a high dropout rate: convenience aspects of the exercise center, perceptions of the exercise program, and family/lifestyle factors. These three main categories should be carefully considered when designing and implementing potential compliance-improving strategies for secondary prevention exercise programs entailing long-term adherence. PMID- 7253868 TI - The effect of induced erythrocythemia upon 5-mile treadmill run time. AB - The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect the infusion of 920 ml equivalent of autologous blood would have upon 5-mile time (5MT) and both local (RPE-L) and cardiovascular-respiratory (RPE-B) ratings of perceived exertion. Twelve long-distance runners undertook a series of four competitive 5MT trials on a treadmill. Four test conditions were utilized: pre-saline trial; post saline trial after 920 ml saline solution; pre-blood trial; and post-blood trial after 920 ml equivalent of whole blood. All subjects took all trials in this double-blind placebo crossover experimental design. Running time and RPE were recorded at each 0.5 mile split. Blood samples were taken before and after each trial. The data were analyzed via a repeated-measures ANOVA. In general, the following results were noted following the blood infusion when compared with the other three trials: a significantly higher hemoglobin (Hb) concentration; a significantly lower RPE-L and RPE-B during the first two miles of the run; and a significantly faster 5MT. Within the limitations of this experiment, it was concluded that the infusion of 920 ml equivalent autologous blood would increase performance capacity in an athletic event characterized by high levels of aerobic energy expenditure. PMID- 7253869 TI - Echocardiographic examination of women collegiate softball champions. AB - The cardiac profile of nine AIAW softball champions (SC) was compared with the cardiac profile of 10 sedentary women who were matched according to age and body size (SW). Standard M-mode echocardiography and a maximum graded stress test were performed on each subject. The mean (+/- SE) resting heart rate (50.6 +/- 2.6 bpm) and VO2max (55.3 +/- 2.0 ml O2 x kg-1 x min-1) of the SC were significantly different (P less than 0.001) than the heart rate (71.2 +/- 3.1 bpm) and VO2max (40.3 +/- 1.4 ml x kg-1 x min-1) of the SW. Significantly greater (P less than 0.05) interventricular septal thickness (IST), and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVIDd) and volume (LVIDd3) were noted in the SC. The means (+/- SE) for IST, LVIDd, and LVIDd3 for the athletes were 8.9 +/- 0.4 mm, 4.8 +/- 0.1 cm, and 110 +/- 5.9 cm3, respectively; and for the SW were 7.5 +/- 0.5 mm. 4.4 +/- 0.2 cm, and 87.8 +/- 8.0 cm3, respectively. Although there was no difference in the left ventricular cavity/muscle volume ratio, the athletes had an increased (P less than 0.02) left ventricular mass (168 +/- 15 g) when compared with SW (123 +/- 9 g). Therefore, the cardiac adaptations noted during rest in moderate endurance trained AIAW softball champions included a relative bradycardia and eccentric hypertrophy. PMID- 7253870 TI - Longitudinal study of aerobic power in superior junior athletes. AB - The effects of endurance training on aerobic power, and the relationship between aerobic power and running performance were investigated in 11 junior runners over a period of 5-to-7 years, starting from the age of 14. Aerobic power was measured using treadmill running and a protocol that involved increasing speed. The six subjects who comprised group I were those who continued competitive training, while the five in group II had stopped training by the age of 18. The subjects in group I demonstrated greater aerobic power (l x min-1) and better running performance than those in group II. Aerobic power for group I increased from 3.54 l x min-1 (65.4 ml x kg-1 x min-1) to 4.49 l x min-1 (75.5 ml x kg-1 x min-1) between the ages of 14.8 and 18.8 yr. The increase in l x min-1 and ml x kg-1 x min-1 was statistically significant (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05). The greatest aerobic power found in subject A corresponds to the data from world class runners: 3.63 l x min-1 (61.5 ml x kg-1 x min-1) at age 14.7 yr; 4.67 l x min-1 (74.6 ml x kg-1 x min-1) at 17.8 yr; and 5.04 l x min-1 (76.3 ml x kg-1 x min-1) at 20.7 yr. After their training was discontinued, aerobic power for those in group II decreased to the level of ordinary schoolboys. Improvement in running performance was closely related to the increase of aerobic power in l x min-1. Superior running performance seems to be associated with high aerobic power in l x min-1, rather than in ml x kg-1 x min-1 for junior runners. PMID- 7253871 TI - Marathon performance in relation to maximal aerobic power and training indices. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of marathon performance time (MPT) with maximal aerobic power (VO2max), body composition, and training factors recorded for 9 wk prior to a race. Fifty males, 21 to 61 years of age (mean = 36 yr) with a mean weight of 69.6 kg, kept daily exercise records which included the distance and time run for each workout. VO2max ranged from 52.7 to 88.6 ml x kg-1 x min-1; total km for the 9 wk period ranged from 372 to 1260; km per workout ranged from 6.1 to 20.6; total workout days ranged from 28 to 61; and MPT ranged from 139 to 298 min. MPT was inversely related to VO2max (r = -0.63), total km (r = -0.67), average km per workout (r = -0.64), and total workout days (r = -0.62). MPT was slightly correlated with body weight (r = 0.41) and the sigma 7 skinfolds (r = 0.41). For a group of runners which includes both novice and experienced marathoners, MPT may be predicted (R2 = 0.71) by the following equation: MPT (min) = 525.9 + 7.09 (km x workout-1) -0.45 workout speed, m x min 1) -0.17 (total km for 9 wk) -2.01 (VO2max, ml x kg-1 x min-1) -1.24 (age, yr). These findings suggest that a high maximal aerobic power, low body mass, daily workouts, and training runs of long duration and distance contribute to better performance times in the marathon. PMID- 7253873 TI - Strength comparisons in untrained men and trained women athletes. AB - The purpose was to compare untrained college men with trained collegiate women basketball and volleyball players in terms of absolute and relative upper and lower body strength. Absolute and relative strength comparisons were also made between the two groups of women athletes. Eighty subjects were included in each group. Relative strength was expressed per unit of weight, height, biacromium, and biiliac widths. It was hypothesized that while men are significantly stronger than trained women athletes, such differences may be removed once body size characteristics are controlled. MANOVA and MANCOVA were utilized to test hypotheses. Results indicate that untrained men have greater upper and lower body strength than trained women athletes in terms of both absolute and relative strength. Women basketball players have greater upper and lower body strength than women volley players. The two groups of women athletes are alike in terms of upper body absolute and relative strength. PMID- 7253874 TI - Exercise effects upon reflex time components in weight lifters and distance runners. AB - In an effort to identify neuromuscular parameters which differentiate between power-type and endurance-type athletes, an investigation was conducted to determine the effects of an isometric exercise task upon patellar and Achilles fractionated reflex time components in a group of weight lifters and long distance runners. A reflex hammer was used to deliver a tendon tap stimulus to the patellar tendon (sitting position) and the Achilles tendon (prone position). Under resting conditions, no differences in Achilles reflex components existed between the two subject groups. However, patellar reflex latency was significantly shorter in the weight lifters than in the distance runners. Following knee extensor exercise consisting of three bouts of a 50% MVC holding time task, the power group manifested a marked lengthening in total reflex time and reflex motor time. In the endurance group, reflex time lengthened after the first bout, but became shorter after the last two bouts. A similar Achilles reflex pattern was seen in both groups after plantar flexor exercise--an initial elongation of the peripheral components of reflex time, followed by a trend towards shorter reflex components in the later bouts. It was suggested that several factors may be competing to produce the bi-directional results observed in reflex time components following isometric exercise. PMID- 7253872 TI - The maximal steady state versus selected running events. AB - To investigate the relationship between the maximal steady state (MSS) and selected running events, seven males (mean = 37.6 years) who were experienced competitive distance runners were studied. From a series of 10-min steady-state treadmill runs, MSS (treadmill velocity, VO2, or heart rate where lactic acid concentration was 2.2 mM/L of venous blood) was determined for all subjects. Treadmill velocity at MSS averaged 258.9 +/- 29.0 m/min. The subjects subsequently performed maximal time trials or races at 13.7 m (15 yd), 45.7 m (50 yd), 402.3 m (440 yd), 3.22 km (2 miles), 8.05 km (5 miles), 16.09 km (10 miles), and 20 km (12.44 miles). Running paces for the 402.3-m, 3.22-km, 8.05-km, 16.09 km, and 20-km distances were all correlated significantly with the treadmill pace at MSS (r = 0.84 to 0.995). The highest correlation was between the MSS treadmill velocity and the 8.05-km pace. The mean for a 6.44-km (4 miles) flat section of the 16.09-km run was identical to the mean treadmill velocity at MSS (258.9 m/min). These data indicate that the pace for essentially aerobic events (3.22 km to 20 km) can be closely approximated by knowledge of a runner's MSS, or conversely that the MSS can be predicted very closely from the pace during an all out 3.22-km, 8.05 km, 16.09-km, or 20-km run. PMID- 7253875 TI - Skiing research in Japan. AB - Skiing and skiing techniques were introduced by the Austrians to Japanese soldiers in 1911. After that, skiing spread beyond the original purpose and recently produced the ski sciences. From a sports biomechanical aspect, the development of the study of ski jumping, alpine skiing, and the basic movement in skiing is introduced in this paper. One of the characteristic points of these studies in Japan was that the ski sciences were supported not only by biomechanists and physiologists, but also basically by physicists and engineers. The fundamental research and studies from divergent fields are supporting each other and being integrated into ski science. PMID- 7253876 TI - Comparison of hydrostatic weighing at residual volume and total lung capacity. AB - Hydrostatic weighing (HW) was performed at both residual volume (RV) and total lung capacity (TLC) (both measured on land) to determine if underwater weighting at extreme lung volumes affected the measurement of body density. Subjects were 72 middle-aged males (mean age = 43.4 yr) and 51 middle-aged females (mean age = 40.2 yr). Subjects were first assessed for underwater weight at RV for at least 10 trials. Subjects were than instructed to inspire maximally and hold their breath underwater for as long as they could. Three trials at TLC were used for assessment of underwater weight. Forced vital capacity and residual volume (oxygen dilution) were determined separately on land. Small but statistically significant differences in body density (Db) were observed with the use of RV (1.0354 g/ml for men and 1.0196 g/ml for women) vs TLC (1.0367 g/ml for men and 1.0221 g/ml for women) (p less than 0.05). Percent fat values for the RV and TLD data differed by only 0.5% for men and 0.9% for women. Results indicated that the difference between percent fat determination by HW at RV and TLC, was negligible. It was concluded that HW at TLC may be the method of choice for subjects who are uncomfortable with performing the technique of underwater weighing at RV. PMID- 7253878 TI - [For a social psychiatry (author's transl)]. AB - The mental patient liberated from his chains, is now considered as a patient resorting to a specialized branch of medicine. So, he has entered into the rigid and compelling structures of the modern medicine. The better he will adapt himself to the medical world, the more easily he will be considered as cured. This approach has the advantage to present madness with a securing image of a disease as plain as the somatic ones. On the other side, it deprives madness of its questioning aspects: relations with social structures, culture habits, problems of the personal and specific experience gained by each patient, questions of borders between mental illness and "normal" behaviours. Mental practice in african societies gives a new approach toward mental illness, demonstrating the value of a collective action through symbolic forms, in the traditional social environment. This approach may give precious indications to be taken into account by the occidental psychiatry. PMID- 7253880 TI - [Strategy for athe extended action in mental medicine (the Senegalese experience) (author's transl)]. AB - Senegal participates in an international study on the development of mental cares. A district of 35,000 inhabitants has been selected for survey in order to evaluate the magnitude of the problem. A visiting team has been set up, with better efficiency and towards the distant psychiatric hospital. Another valuable experience is the so called "psychiatric village". It provides familial and social environment to the mental patients and avoids confinement in psychiatric hospital. PMID- 7253881 TI - [Non verbal approach in transcultural psychiatry (author's transl)]. AB - The author reports his one year experience of psychiatry in People Republic of Congo (Brazzaville). It lead him to a new regard on his own culture with a final reinforcement of it and to the feeling that, whatever his good will, he will never completely understand the mental processes and the myths of this african patients. The cultural environment induces specific features of african mental illness. The western psychiatrist must discard almost all attempts of verbal communication and must relie on somatic expression and ritual practices to create conditions allowing use of modern chemical treatments. PMID- 7253877 TI - [Tropical psychiatry. Introduction]. PMID- 7253879 TI - [Technical assistance in psychiatry in Senegal (author's transl)]. AB - The reported technical assistance programme in psychiatry has been established by professor Collomb and his team. It reflects 20 years of professional experience in african environment. The author underlines the extreme ambiguity of the african position, expressing a conflict between two cultures and their respective systems: the traditional and the western ones. Both are layed down on divergent concept about madness and consequently induce a different attitude toward the mentally ill patient: rejection and segregation in the western societies; acceptance and rehabilitation in traditional societies. Any technical assistance programme in psychiatry must take into account these realities and aim at to establish an effectual and operational compromise. With regard to the present conditions, it is what has been achieved by the senegalese experience, with its 6 curing structures: -- one urban hospital set-up at Dakar-Fann, attached to the Teaching Hospital Center, open to the city, and in which psychiatrist, healers, and families closely collaborate; -- two "psychiatric villages", built up similar to traditional "healers villages": Kenia, next to Ziguinchor, and Botou, next to Tambacunda. Each is supervised by a qualified male nurse. Living conditions are traditional and their material and financial autonomy rather relative; -- one D.I.A.M.M. (Dispositif itinerant d'aide aux malades mentaux). It is a mobile team of assistance to mentally ills, covering the national territory and articulated with permanent health structures. This team informs the public, carries out case finding, assures prophylaxis and treats on the spot. PMID- 7253882 TI - [Cultural perception of epilepsy in Senegal (Cap-Vert and river district) (author's transl)]. AB - The paper is the second part of a survey report about the social implications of epilepsy in Senegal. The study has been conducted by a team of four (2 nurses, 1 social worker and a resident of psychiatric hospital), visiting patients in remote countryside. At the occasion of these visits, enquiries were made among patients and their families, elders, notables, in order to draw a scheme of common perception of epilepsy, which is considered most frequently as a religious or magic mental affection. PMID- 7253883 TI - [Polynesia, myth and depression (author's transl)]. AB - The author emphasizes the frequency of depressive conditions in French Polynesia, prevailing in Europeans but affecting also the natives. This frequency, looking paradoxal, incites him to analyse the "Southern Seas Myth", which a possible causal factor. Following the XVIIIth century discovery, the Myth grew and is still flourishing. Polynesia is viewed as the "lost paradise" at last recovered, its inhabitants as the "good savages" according to the Rousseau pattern, and their social and politic system as a new figure of the "Golden Age". Victims of this deception are: -- the European whose credulity emphasizes the Myth and who will face a deceiving reality. Conscious of its error, suffering of a narcissistic wound, he will fall into depression more especially as he is affected by a predisposing neurotic status; -- the native who is seen, according to wrong patterns, as a piece of the scene, indispensable to feed the Myth. The specificity of its past and present being, socio-cultural status and of its prospects is not understood. He suffers of a socio-cultural desintegration under the stress caused by the western civilisation shock. In the end he falls into anaclitism. PMID- 7253884 TI - [Note about Caledonian ethno-medicine (author's transl)]. AB - Natives of New Caledonia believe that both worlds of the living creatures and of the dead are the same but with two aspects. Still these two worlds frequently oppose each other: witches are able on the request of the dead, to cast spell over; but medicine-men, if requested in due time, can prevent or cure their bad effects. Among the various noxious consequences of witches action is madness, which is not considered as a mental illness but either as a consequence of a spell or as punishment for a tabu transgression. So, mental patients are generally presented first to the medicine-man and, if necessary, in a second time reported to the occidental medicine. In such a situation, a good cooperation between the medicine-man and the psychiatric is strongly recommended. PMID- 7253885 TI - [Curing power, or the restoring myth (author's transl)]. AB - Nowadays, occidental or traditional healers are gaining more attention. The author aimed at demonstrate that the healer can be classified between the physician and the soothsayer. Six manners of healing are described through examples: -- operating allurement (Quesalid); -- trip in the unconscious to subdue its forces (the Chaman); -- domination of Powers under hallucinogen substance(s) (Peytol); -- symbolic efficacity of words (Muu); -- cathartic confession and trance through reintegration into a mythic structure. In every historical technique, a personage is found whose "doing" and "saying" express an exceptional experience, constituting a magical and therapeutic area, facilitating the inscription in a mythical structure, which provides a sense. Several kinds of healers are shortly described, as well as their personality and their patients. The border lines of their power are contiguous to the Sacred and the Religious (which mythical fragments are many "power-allurements") as well as articulated with credulity and belief, and finally built on the pattern of magical thoughts and acts. Healer and/or quack? Healer and/or physician? What are the analogies or differences according to the pattern of the relation "physician-patient"? It is not a "restoring-myth", universal, whose actuality is spotted every time for each act of healing (by a healer)? -- even if this myth is not clearly definite or legible. The power of the healer articulates itself on the pregnancy of this myth which guides the sufferer towards this personage whose power is nothing else but the power the sufferer hopes the healer possesses. It is this hope which the "restoring-myth" contains. PMID- 7253887 TI - [Ultrasound diagnosis of the kidney]. PMID- 7253888 TI - [Pathogenesis of phenacetin nephropathy and its complications. New aspects]. PMID- 7253891 TI - [Chronic renal insufficiency. Conservative and dialysis therapy]. PMID- 7253890 TI - [Kidney diseases in children]. PMID- 7253886 TI - [What is new in X-ray diagnosis of the kidney?]. PMID- 7253889 TI - [Hypertension caused by kidney diseases - kidney diseases caused by hypertension]. PMID- 7253892 TI - [Occupational rehabilitation and evaluation of patients with renal failure]. PMID- 7253893 TI - [Disease spectrum in oligosymptomatic hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7253894 TI - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of inflammatory spinal cord diseases]. PMID- 7253895 TI - [Extraction of small, mobile renal calculi using directed pressure irrigation]. PMID- 7253896 TI - [What are the possibilities for the treatment of anemia in chronic renal failure?]. PMID- 7253897 TI - [Serum gastrin determination. Results of a comparison of 2 commercial kits]. PMID- 7253898 TI - [Hypertension therapy in the aged. Possibilities and chances of success]. PMID- 7253899 TI - [Treatment of urinary tract infection with cefoxitin]. PMID- 7253900 TI - [Pain sensation in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7253901 TI - [Useless dietetics. Diet therapy for coronary patients]. PMID- 7253902 TI - [The psychological status of myocardial infarct patients in the intensive care unit]. PMID- 7253903 TI - [The effect of magnesium ions on isolated blood vessels and their therapeutic significance in coronary spasms]. PMID- 7253904 TI - [Comparative study on the intraoperative hypotension induced by fluothane or nipruss]. PMID- 7253905 TI - [Cardiovascular and metabolic changes with orciprenaline and terbutaline]. PMID- 7253906 TI - [Hypertension treatment with beta blockers and diuretics. Treatment with a combination of bemetizid, triamterene and bupranolol]. PMID- 7253908 TI - [Incompatibility problems in intensive medicine]. PMID- 7253907 TI - [Ergometric and clinical results of treating coronary disease with isosorbide dinitrate and verapamil]. PMID- 7253910 TI - [Serodiagnosis of hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Incidence and transmission of hepatitis A and B in a home for the mentally retarded]. PMID- 7253909 TI - [Non-invasive diagnosis of left-right shunts]. PMID- 7253913 TI - [Klinefelter syndrome - an unusual occurrence. Observations on 59 patients]. PMID- 7253912 TI - [Multilocular echinococcosis]. PMID- 7253911 TI - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis. A case report]. PMID- 7253915 TI - Transition shock and adjustment of mentally retarded persons. PMID- 7253914 TI - Self-monitoring of work performance with mentally retarded adults: effects upon work productivity, work quality, and on-task behavior. PMID- 7253916 TI - Use of behavioral treatment: agreement in principle between a residential facility and an educational agency. PMID- 7253917 TI - The political values of mentally retarded citizens. PMID- 7253918 TI - Intent and outcome in the moral judgment of mentally retarded and nonretarded children. PMID- 7253919 TI - Contingent music in management of rumination and out-of-seat behavior in a profoundly mentally retarded institutionalized male. PMID- 7253921 TI - Psychometric properties of adaptive behavior scales: guidelines for producers and consumers. PMID- 7253920 TI - Training trainable mentally retarded adolescents in delay behavior. PMID- 7253922 TI - After group home living--what alternative? Results of a two year mobility followup study. PMID- 7253923 TI - Evaluating the effectiveness of local voluntary associations for mentally retarded persons with the LAMP. PMID- 7253926 TI - Effects of time-out from auditory reinforcement on two problem behaviors. PMID- 7253925 TI - Aversive conditioning within laws and guidelines in a state facility for mentally retarded individuals. PMID- 7253924 TI - Factors related to contact between mentally retarded persons and their parents during residential treatment. PMID- 7253927 TI - The impact of deinstitutionalization on a community based service system. PMID- 7253928 TI - An analysis of communication functions in the speech of a deinstitutionalized adult mentally retarded client. PMID- 7253930 TI - What's in a name? Some linguistic aspects of the climacteric. AB - Examining such terms as climacteric or menopause and utilizing supportive historical data, an attempt is made to trace the development of these concepts, their time of inception and their spread. It is suggested that the persistence of popular terminology of the climacteric, especially in England, until late in the last century is due to the association of female popular healers with its management. In France, where medical men were long involved in this field, the terminology had been of a completely different character for over two centuries. Latin literature, as reflected in M.D. theses, goes back even further to the beginning of the 18th century. Only cultures which, because of their social structure and views of ageing regard the climacteric as a critical period, describe it in ominous terms. These terms in turn perpetuate the views and attitudes which spawned them. A warning is sounded against an objectification of abstract terms like the "biological menopause" which may lead to misrepresentation and distortion. The objectification of symptoms, essentially means of communication, as data has already led to many difficulties in research. Finally, the confusion produced through lack of a suitable approach to minor behavioural disorders, and their consequent inclusion under the label of "menopause", is very briefly reviewed. PMID- 7253929 TI - Assertive training with mildly mentally retarded persons. PMID- 7253931 TI - Climacteric symptoms: a study in the Indian context. AB - The climacteric is a universal phenomenon which has received relatively little attention from psychiatrists, psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists and social workers all over the world, but almost no research on this subject has been carried out in the Third-World countries. This study, carried out in India, has been conducted for the purpose of unravelling the difficulties that Indian women have to face during the climacteric. 405 married women between 40 and 55 yr of age from the general population were contacted and interviewed. The results, obtained with the menopausal symptom checklist prepared by the authors, indicate (as do other recent surveys) that hot flushes, night sweats and insomnia seem to be clearly associated with the menopause. Also the incidence of other symptoms is described. Despite embarrassment or discomfort experienced from these symptoms by a majority of women, only 10% had apparently sought medical treatment. This study underlines the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to the problems of menopause and ageing. PMID- 7253933 TI - Climacteric symptoms in an African community. AB - Climacteric symptoms were studied in a rural community in Zimbabwe. The incidence of symptoms was found to be similar to that described among westernized societies. A positive correlation was observed between various "metabolic" type symptoms and the number of years that had elapsed since the menopause. PMID- 7253932 TI - Serum bile acids and lipids during treatment of climacteric symptoms with natural oestrogen--progestin combinations. AB - Climacteric symptoms of 21 women were treated for 6 mth with sequential combination preparations containing natural oestrogen (oestradiol and oestriol) and norethisterone acetate as progestin. There were no significant changes during the treatment period in the serum alanine aminotransferase activity or concentrations of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid. The concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid was, however, significantly decreased after 6 mth treatment. It thus appears that the above natural oestrogen--progestin combinations do not have adverse effects on hepatic function and lipid metabolism. PMID- 7253934 TI - Monitoring the pathophysiological correlates of post-menopausal hot flushes. AB - Clinical assessment of the severity and frequency of post-menopausal hot flushes can be made objectively by measuring the associated changes in skin conductance and skin and core temperature. Such measurements provide a more reliable index of the response to therapy than does subjective reporting which has been employed in the past. The design and use of a working analyzer is presented that is sufficiently simple, rugged, safe and portable to be used under normal clinical conditions to provide a permanent record of the attacks. PMID- 7253935 TI - On the calculation of climacteric symptoms. AB - Survey techniques, which are widely used to estimate the prevalence of climacteric symptoms, are generally unable to distinguish symptoms which relate to physiological changes from those which may be attributable to other factors. New data collection techniques developed in a study of menopause among a group of American Indians are reported here, which permit the evaluation of the cause of the reported symptoms. Two classes of complaints were than calculated: "gross" symptoms and "climacteric" symptoms. It was found that differences between prevalence, as estimated by the two classes of complaints, were smallest for vasomotor symptoms and greatest for psychological complaints, reflecting presumed physiological relationships. Further, climacteric-related symptoms demonstrated a clearer relationship to factors hypothesized by other researchers as affecting the experience of climacteric symptoms. While not feasible for all studies, these techniques demonstrate that more accurate estimates of symptom experience are possible. PMID- 7253936 TI - Plasma oestrone, oestradiol and androstenedione levels in post-menopausal women: relation to body weight and height. AB - To study the relation between body weight and height and the plasma sex-hormone levels wer measured the plasma levels of oestrone (E1), oestradiol (E2) and androstenedione (A) in a group of healthy post-menopausal women with a wide range of body weight. The sex hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay with highly specific antisera after purification of the plasma extract by column chromatography. Our findings show that there is significant positive correlation between the E1 level and body weight as well as A level and, to a lesser extent, between the E1 level and Quetelet index. For E2 there is no correlation with these parameters. There is also a very slight correlation between A level, body weight and Quetelet index. Calculation of the partial correlation coefficient shows that E1 correlates to the same degree with body weight and A level, whereas the A level does not correlate with body weight at a fixed value for the E1 level. We conclude that variation in the E1 level depends to the same degree on the variation in body weight as well as the variation in A level. PMID- 7253937 TI - Climacteric hot flash. AB - No data are available on either quantitative or qualitative aspects of the climacteric hot flash, yet the phenomenon is widely treated despite unknown aetiology. A basic assumption of this study was that a more complete understanding and description of women with hot flashes would identify alternatives to oestrogens used by women for relief of the hot-flash symptom. An exploratory study was undertaken to answer the question: Who is the woman who has hot flashes and what are the characteristics of the hot flashes? The methodology employed was daily self-report by subjects of hot-flash frequency, duration, trigger, origin, spread, intensity and method of coping with it. Analysis of 20 randomly-selected 2 wk self-report record cards revealed no hot-flash pattern among women. A total of 1041 hot flashes were reported. Mean duration of the hot flash was 3.31 min (range 5 sec to 60 min). Neither hot flash origin nor spread was restricted to the upper body in all subjects. Subjects ranked their hot flash as either mild, moderate or severe. Coping strategies used by subjects (external and internal cooling methods) appeared to be related to both duration and severity of the hot flash. PMID- 7253938 TI - The chemical stability of metabisulphite in bone meal and gelatin. AB - The chemical stability of metabisulphite, an anti-microbial preservative, was investigated in rehydrated bone meal and in gelatin. Metabisulphite-treated bone meal rehydrated to a total moisture level of 10%, and metabisulphite-treated gelatin was sampled over 4 weeks to determine the levels of residual metabisulphite, as measured by the available sulphur dioxide. Results revealed that the levels of metabisulphite in the bone meal declined quite rapidly and significantly after 10 days of metabisulphite incorporation into the bone meal, but no major decrease in the levels of metabisulphite incorporated into the gelatin was observed throughout the 4 weeks of investigation. Reasons for the differences in the stability of metabisulphite in the two products have been suggested. PMID- 7253940 TI - Echinococcosis and the anaesthesiologist. Do the twain ever meet? PMID- 7253939 TI - Meningitis caused by Salmonella carmel. PMID- 7253941 TI - Anaphylactic reaction during hydatid surgery. An immunological hazard. PMID- 7253942 TI - Methemoglobinemia during surgical excision of hydatid cyst. PMID- 7253944 TI - Spinal block in sitting position without moving the legs. PMID- 7253943 TI - Tacrine-suxamethonium apnea in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. AB - Twelve patients with hepatosplenic bilharziasis were compared with another twelve control group. They were divided into three subgroups of four patients each. The duration of suxamethonium tacrine apnea was measured in the first subgroup, while in the second subgroup, the suxamethonium tacrine apnea was calculated after a previous dose of suxamethonium. The duration of apnea following two successive doses of suxamethonium was estimated in the third subgroup. The plasma cholinesterase was measured in all patients. The duration of suxamethonium apnea was not different following either the first or second dose. Tacrine prolonged suxamethonium apnea in both groups, but the prolongation was more in bilharzial patients. There was no significant difference in the plasma cholinesterase level in either group. PMID- 7253945 TI - Pneumothorax under anesthesia. A case report. PMID- 7253946 TI - Anaesthesia for outpatient surgery. PMID- 7253948 TI - Physicians and the health care team: hiring the nurse clinician. PMID- 7253947 TI - Intravenous anaesthetics for minor gynecological operations. AB - Ten intravenous anaesthetic combination were used for anaesthesia in 470 women undergoing minor gynecological operations and examinations. Their effects on respiration, pulse rate, blood pressure as well as the incidence of complications and satisfaction of operating conditions were studied. Ketamine-diazepam combination was found most satisfactory and more superior to ketamine alone in operations of about 30 minutes duration. Thiopentone and althesin-preferably after diazepam - appeared to suit shorter operations, while propanidid may be useful only for very quick maneuvers. Pethidine-diazepam-promethazine mixture proved to be valuable for evacuations particularly in poor risk and non-prepared patients. Both hexobarbitone and buthalitone were found unsatisfactory. PMID- 7253950 TI - Epidemic of suits hits lawyers. PMID- 7253949 TI - An investment strategy for the 80's. PMID- 7253951 TI - American physicians today have preeminent political action committee. PMID- 7253952 TI - Congress, in next two years, to rethink medicine's entire base. PMID- 7253953 TI - Mean charge for physician office visits $21.29; average wait for appointment 7.0 days. PMID- 7253954 TI - Psychiatrists seek colleagues' aid in maintaining privacy of records. PMID- 7253956 TI - The medical management of obesity. PMID- 7253955 TI - Here's how Ingham County nearly halved gonorrhea incidence rate in three years. PMID- 7253957 TI - Same-day appointment makes better service, happier patients. PMID- 7253958 TI - Macrophage activation by muramyl dipeptide (MDP) without lymphocyte participation. AB - An increase in the numbers of spread macrophages caused by macrophage stimulants was found to be a very sensitive measure for macrophage activation. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and lymphokines were found to activate macrophages dose-dependently as measured by this parameter. Macrophage activation by MDP was strictly dependent on its adjuvant-active stereochemically specific structures. Macrophage activation by MDP and LPS occurred without lymphocyte participation. It is suggested that LPS also activates macrophages via lymphocytes. PMID- 7253959 TI - Intrafamilial cases of Yersinia enterocolitica appendicitis. PMID- 7253960 TI - Thin-layer chromatography of sulfolipids as an aid to classification and identification of rapidly growing, nonphotochromogenic mycobacteria. PMID- 7253962 TI - Localization of dengue virus in nude mice. PMID- 7253961 TI - Biochemical properties and antimicrobial susceptibility of recent clinical isolates of Haemophilus species. PMID- 7253963 TI - Studies on thin-layer chromatography after incubation with [35S]methionine as an aid to identification of mycobacteria. AB - Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of ethyl ether-ethanol extracts of mycobacteria obtained after incubation with [35S]methionine is useful for differentiation among mycobacterial species, as the distribution of radioactive spots in TLC shows a characteristic pattern except for a few species, including M. intracellulare and M. gordonae. Some supplementary studies have been carried out in the present investigation and the following results have been obtained. 1. Pretreatment of bacterial cells with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is required to remove radioactive sulfur-containing amino acids. 2. The radioactive spots that appear in TLC of the ethyl ether-ethanol extract are divided into the following groups: (1) Petroleum ether-soluble fraction (the spot at Rf value 0.95); (2) acetone-soluble (petroleum ether-insoluble) fraction (the spots at Rf values 0.50, 0.30, and 0.13--0.20); (3) ethanol-soluble (petroleum ether- and acetone insoluble) fraction (the spot at Rf value 0.10); (4) petroleum ether-, acetone-, and ethanol-insoluble fraction (the spot at Rf value 0.00). The spot which appears in the region of Rf values 0.13--0.20 (it may appear as two spots) in the TLC of ethyl ether-ethanol extracts is composed of two compounds, one soluble in acetone and the other insoluble in acetone but soluble in ethanol. 3. Strains of the M. avium-M. intracellulare complex have been divided into three subgroups by the pattern of radioactive spots B, C, and D, which show Rf values of 0.13--0.20, 0.30, and 0.50, respectively, in the TLC of the ethyl ether-ethanol extracts. The first group shows none of these spots, and strains of the serotypes 1, 2, and 8 belong in this group. The second group shows spot B, and strains of the serotypes 4, 18, and 20 belong in this group. The third group shows spots B, C, and D, and strains of the serotype 16 belong in it. PMID- 7253964 TI - Studies on streptococci. I. Distribution of fecal streptococci in man. AB - To understand the significance to the host of streptococci as part of the intestinal microflora, we first tried to investigate the distribution of human fecal streptococci on the species level. Of the selective media compared, KMN agar was more effective than the other media for the isolation of streptococci from human feces. We made an effort to improve streptococcal classification. Especially we used utilization of 1% pyruvate, 1% arginine, and 1% citrate for differentiation between Streptococcus faecalis and S. faecium. In a tellurite tolerance test, S. faecalis was distinguished more clearly from S. faecium in the medium containing 0.16 or 0.32% tellurite. We devised methods of presumptive identification of fecal streptococci from the results of the characteristics of 1,442 isolates. These methods enabled us to identify many strains rapidly. Different results in the distribution of species of streptococci between children and adults were observed. S. faecalis and S. faecium were isolated constantly from both groups. S. bovis and S. avium were isolated frequently from the feces of children. On the other hand, "viridans" streptococci, e.g. S. salivarius, S. mitis and S. MG-intermedius were present at a high frequency in, and no S. avium could be isolated from, the feces of adults. PMID- 7253965 TI - Transformation of bile acids by mixed microbial cultures from human feces and bile acid transforming activities of isolated bacterial strains. AB - Microbiol transformation of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid by anaerobic mixed cultures of human fecal microorganisms was investigated, and the results were examined in relation to the bile acid transforming activities of 75 bacterial strains isolated from the same fecal cultures. The reactions involved in the mixed cultures were dehydrogenation and dehydroxylation of the 7 alpha hydroxy group in both primary bile acids and epimerization of the 3 alpha-hydroxy group in all metabolic bile acids. Extensive epimerization of the 7 alpha-hydroxy group of chenodeoxycholic acid yielding ursodeoxycholic acid was also demonstrated by certain fecal samples. 7 alpha-Dehydrogenase activity was widespread among the fecal isolates (88% of 16 facultative anaerobes and 51% of 59 obligate anaerobes), and 7 alpha-dehydroxylase activity was revealed in one of the isolates, and unidentified gram-positive nonsporeforming anaerobic bacterium. 3 alpha-Epimerization was effected by seven strains assigned to Eubacterium lentum, which were also active for 3 alpha- and 7 alpha-dehydrogenations. No microorganism accounting for 7 alpha-epimerization was recovered among the isolates. Splitting of conjugated bile acid was demonstrated by the majority of obligate anaerobes but the activity was rare among facultative anaerobes. PMID- 7253966 TI - Analysis of nuclear accumulation of influenza NP antigen in von Magnus virus infected cells. AB - When 1-5C-4 cells were infected with von Magnus virus derived from influenza A/RI/5+ virus by successive undiluted passages in chick embryos, virus-specific proteins were synthesized but production of infectious virus was inhibited. In these cells the synthesis of viral RNA was suppressed and the nucleoprotein (NP) antigen was found predominantly in the nucleus in contrast to standard virus infected cells in which the antigen was distributed throughout the whole cell. The intracellular location and migration of NP were determined by isotope labeling and sucrose gradient centrifugation of subcellular fractions. In standard virus-infected cell NP polypeptide was present predominantly in the cytoplasm in the form of viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and intranuclear RNP was detected in reduced amounts. In contrast, in von Magnus virus-infected cells NP polypeptide was present predominantly in the nucleus in a nonassembled, soluble from and the amount of cytoplasmic RNP was considerably reduced. After short pulse labeling NP was detected exclusively in the cytoplasm in a soluble form and after a chase a large proportion of such soluble NP was seen in the nucleus. It is suggested that a large proportion of the NP synthesized in von Magnus virus infected cells in not assembled into cytoplasmic RNP because of the lack of available RNA and the NP migrated into the nucleus and remained there. PMID- 7253967 TI - Isolation of Clostridium difficile from the feces and the antibody in sera of young and elderly adults. AB - Attempts were made to isolate Clostridium difficile from a total of 431 fecal specimens from 149 young and 213 elderly healthy adults, and 69 elderly adults with cerebrovascular disease but no gastrointestinal disease. C difficile was isolated from 49 specimens, and the frequency of isolation was 15.4% in healthy young adults, 7.0% in healthy elderly adults, and 15.9% in elderly adults with cerebrovascular disease. Thirty-four (about 70%) of the 49 C. difficile strains isolated produced cytotoxin which was neutralized by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin in vitro; in both young and elderly adults approximately 30% of the C. difficile isolates were nontoxigenic. The mean concentration of C. difficile in feces was 10(4.1)/g in young adults and 10(4.6)/g in elderly adults, with a range of 10(2.0) to 10(6.9)/g. Antibody against C. difficile toxin was found in most of the sera obtained from young adults carrying toxigenic C. difficile, but not in sera of elderly adults, no matter how abundant was toxigenic C. difficile in the feces. PMID- 7253968 TI - Mechanism of the spur formation observed between two forms of extracellular staphylococcal protein A produced by mutants against normal canine serum. PMID- 7253969 TI - Production of an eosinophil migration factor in lymphocytes of mitogen-treated chick embryos. PMID- 7253970 TI - [Effect of conditions and duration of Aedes aegypti densonucleosis virus storage on its infective properties]. PMID- 7253971 TI - [Disruptive effect of various mycotoxins on the mitotic regime of Her-2 cells]. PMID- 7253972 TI - [Antimicrobial activity of N-(4-phenyl-3-methyl-2-butenyl) carbonylhydroxymethylpiperidinium chloride]. PMID- 7253973 TI - [Characteristics of the urinary microbial flora of essentially healthy subjects]. PMID- 7253974 TI - [Biological properties of halophilic vibrios isolated from humans, hydrobionts and sea water from the Crimean region]. PMID- 7253976 TI - [Lysogeny of Bacillus cultures isolated from various natural sources]. PMID- 7253975 TI - ["Standard" and "defective" populations of A/swine/1976/31 influenza virus and their role in the development of persistent infection in tissue culture]. PMID- 7253977 TI - [Metachromatin inclusions in the conidial and hyphal cells of Fusarium Kl. ex Fr. species]. PMID- 7253978 TI - [Pathogenic properties of Mycoplasma bovirhinis]. PMID- 7253980 TI - [Immunogenicity of microdoses of a purified preparation of hepatitis B virus surface antigen]. PMID- 7253979 TI - [Effect of measles virus vaccinal strain L-16 on the excision of thymine dimers in HeLa cells]. PMID- 7253981 TI - [Bacteriocin properties of Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus jugurti]. PMID- 7253982 TI - [Sensitivity of microorganisms isolated in bacteriuria to antibacterial preparations]. PMID- 7253984 TI - The introduction of problem-based learning projects into a clinical correlation course in the first year of the Edinburgh medical curriculum. AB - Thirty hours were allotted to problem-based learning projects in the first year of a new medical curriculum in Edinburgh. Those projects have been very successful in encouraging student initiative and in satisfying the students' desire for contact with patients, relatives and medical staff early in the curriculum. The difficulties involved in this form of teaching and the shortcomings of the exercise are discussed. PMID- 7253983 TI - The medical student's indoctrination. PMID- 7253986 TI - Comparison of didactic lecture, self-reading and self-instruction as learning methods in medical students of western India. AB - A controlled study was conducted on a batch of fifty-four medical students in the paraclinical period of study, to compare the relative effectiveness of self reading of books, didactic lecture and use of self-instruction kits as teaching learning experiences. The assessment was done by an immediate and delayed objective type examination as well as questionnaire. The results indicate self reading to be relatively ineffective. Didactic lectures and use of self instruction kits have a similar rating in objective assessment while, subjectively, the students expressed a marginal preference for self-instruction kits. Comparison of the performance of the students grouped according to merit reveals that there is no significant difference between the three methods of learning in the lower group while the upper group did perceptibly better with self-instruction kits than with didactic lecture. PMID- 7253985 TI - Assessment of Laboratory exercises in physiology. AB - Assessment is an integral part of the teaching-learning process. It contributes to the realization of learning objectives by inculcating habits which are conducive to better scores in the examination. A system of assessing laboratory work which combines the performance of experiments by the student with some short questions based on an instrument, experimental data or tracing has been critically examined. The performance of the student in the two parts of the examination is poorly correlated (r = 0.36 to 0.72), suggesting that they test different abilities, and that combining them may improve the objectivity of the examination. The overall practical assessment is better correlated with the overall theory assessment (r = 0.71, 0.87). The correlation between different forms of examination also improves when only the top 10% and bottom 10% of the class is considered. Since the results quoted are based on only a few examinations at a single medical school, generalizations are not justified. PMID- 7253987 TI - Objective measure of incidental learning in oncology. AB - The learning experience of 150 third-year medical students in the specific area of paediatric oncology during a 6-week required paediatric clerkship, was assessed. The clerkship, during which emphasis is placed on patient contact, was based at each of two institutions (A and B). Institution A, with a large relevant patient population and more teaching staff in the field of paediatric oncology, relies primarily on incidental learning relative to this area during the clerkship. Institution B, with smaller related patient groups and teaching staff, employs didactic instruction in this field. Results of pre- and ost-testing at both institutions revealed comparable and significant gain in information relative to paediatric oncology in both student groups. Pre-test scores did not increase during the course of the school year, suggesting that the influence of specific prior clerkships was negligible. Differences in the amount learned between individual student rotational groups were less marked in institution A, where opportunities to contact patients and teaching staff concerned with this specific area, was more consistent. PMID- 7253989 TI - Interprofessional education in medical school. AB - The opinions of entering medical students regarding interprofessional education (IPE), and their reasons, are described in this article. More female than male students favour IPE, 49 as compared to 25%. Students who endorse IPE give different reasons for their position than students who oppose it. The former group refer to increased communication and respect among health professionals, increased knowledge about mutual roles and function, greater equality among members of the health team and improved patient care. The opposing group fear that IPE would lower the quality of education by increasing class size and slow the pace of instruction to accommodate students with limited scientific backgrounds. Students also protest against having to study irrelevant subjects and acquire irrelevant skills. The opposing group is concerned primarily with IPE's effect on medical students; the group in favour is concerned more with the effect on patients and interprofessional relations. It seems that opinions about IPE are part of a basic attitudinal structure that medical students bring with them when they enter medical school. The implications for IPE in medical school are discussed. PMID- 7253990 TI - Problems of comprehension of medical education vocabulary. AB - Medical teachers' understanding of the vocabulary of medical education has been studied by asking a group of medical teachers whether they understood twenty-two commonly used and important medical educational terms, and whether they could distinguish between the terms. All the words presented some problem of comprehension and the majority of respondents found difficulty with approximately one-third of the terms. This poor comprehension of the vocabulary of medical education is a problem in the communication process necessary to the practice of medical teaching and the encouragement of learning. Authors of medical education reports and articles should be aware of the difficulties in comprehension. The provision of a dictionary of medical education terms would be useful as a reference source and as a reservoir of definitions to be included in published reports and articles. PMID- 7253988 TI - Prediction of student clinical performance. AB - The predictive validity of 'traditional' tools utilized in the selection of medical students was evaluated in a 'non-traditional' selection paradigm, where a wide range of previous-academic ability was represented. The validity of the use of pre-academic grades and examination scores in the prediction of success in clinical performance was examined in a medical school which de-emphasizes these indicators and emphasizes personal characteristics assessed via interview ratings in student selection. Grades and examination scores were found to have no relation to clinical ratings which have an added interpersonal and community emphasis during the fourth-sixth years of medical school. A positive trend was found for interview ratings with clinical performance, but the skewed nature of interview scores was seen as limiting investigation of this variable. The meaning of these results vis-a-vis the continued use of academic and examination related selection criteria was discussed. PMID- 7253991 TI - The British contribution to sponsored postgraduate training for overseas doctors. AB - More effective use could be made of the resources devoted to the sponsored postgraduate training of overseas doctors in Britain. There is need for careful selection and planning of training programmes. More attention should be given to providing skills in communication, management and education. Clinical training requires the better provision of posts carrying responsibility. Training of leaders in the basic medical sciences should be based to a greater extent on courses leading to M.Sc. and less upon pure research degrees (there is also a major need for a broadly based M.Sc. for non-medical science graduates who will teach the basic sciences). A major recommendation is that a centra office should be established which would plan programmes for and supervise all sponsored trainees, under contract with the sponsoring body. PMID- 7253992 TI - Teaching and learning in the District General Hospital. PMID- 7253993 TI - Attitudes of 110 married men towards family planning. PMID- 7253994 TI - Outbreak of mushroom poisoning among Malaysian soldiers in Perak, March 1980. PMID- 7253995 TI - Intestinal nematode infections and efficacy study of oxantel-pyrantel pamoate among plantation workers. PMID- 7253996 TI - Urinary calculi in Limbang District. PMID- 7253997 TI - Survey of enterobiasis in children admitted to the University hospital in Kuala Lumpur. PMID- 7253998 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias and echocardiographic features in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 7254000 TI - Retained intraocular foreign bodies and visual prognosis. PMID- 7253999 TI - The external ear--the electrical aspects in relation to acupuncture--a preliminary report. PMID- 7254002 TI - Lethal neonatal dwarfism: a case of achondrogenesis. PMID- 7254001 TI - Common peroneal nerve palsy due to posterolateral displacement of fractured lateral tibial plateau. PMID- 7254003 TI - The occurrence of enteric bacteria on lettuce leaves sold in local markets in Penang, Malaysia. PMID- 7254005 TI - An inpatient study of psychiatric illnesses in later life. PMID- 7254006 TI - A curriculum in medical ethics and medical humanities. PMID- 7254004 TI - Pathologic effects of some therapeutic agents on oral mucosa. PMID- 7254007 TI - Annual and geographical distribution of Shigella serotypes in Sabah, Malaysia from 1974 to 1978. PMID- 7254008 TI - Update on Leprosy. PMID- 7254009 TI - An Australian neurological ethnic-geographic isolate. PMID- 7254010 TI - Nutritional Assessment. AB - An abundant food supply has brought with it problems of overnutrition in Australia, but has not precluded problems of undernutrition and, indeed, overnutrition and undernutrition may coexist. "Dysnutrition" accounts for, or is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in Australia. Nutritional assessment, therefore, is as important as other components of patient assessment. The approaches to nutritional assessment include: (i) identification of the individual at risk; (ii) eliciting relevant symptoms and signs; (iii) ascertaining to patients' food and nutrition knowledge and beliefs; (iv) establishing recent and remote food intake patterns: (v) anthropometry; and (vi) various laboratory investigations. The early recognition of excessive adiposity is likely to be a valuable contribution to preventive medicine. In hospital practice, the early recognition of protein energy malnutrition is likely to reduce the duration of hospital stay and morbidity and mortality rates. PMID- 7254012 TI - Alternatives to the "no-touch technique" medicine of the 1980s. PMID- 7254013 TI - Hyperparathyroidism: experiences with treated and untreated patients. AB - During a seven-year period, after the introduction of parathyroid hormone assays, 113 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were seen at an Australian teaching hospital. In 68, parathyroidectomy was followed by normalization of serum calcium levels. Fifteen patients (six referred from other units) remained hypercalcaemic after their initial neck exploration. Thirty patients with biochemical changes indicative of primary hyperparathyroidism were not referred for surgery, mainly because of old age or lack of symptoms. Those patients who were not submitted to surgery, and those who had undergone unsuccessful neck explorations, were observed (while hypercalcaemic) for a mean period of three years. During the period of observation, no deterioration occurred in the clinical or biochemical status of these patients. It is proposed that patients with non-symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism may be managed by clinical observation, rather than by immediate parathyroidectomy. PMID- 7254011 TI - Local injection techniques. PMID- 7254014 TI - Antithrombin III deficiency in a Chinese family. AB - Familial antithrombin III deficiency, which is inherited by autosomal dominant transmission, is now well recognized as a cause of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Many such families have now been described, but few came from Asia. This report details a Chinese kindred with three members living in Sydney, two of whom are affected. PMID- 7254015 TI - Cryptococcal meningitis: treatment of three patients with miconazole. AB - Three patients with cryptococcal meningitis who were treated with miconazole are reported. All patients had previously received combination therapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine which was unsuccessful. All patients showed clinical improvement, and one obtained a mycological remission. Miconazole was well tolerated, and would appear to be a relatively non-toxic and effective drug in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis which is refractory to conventional chemotherapy. PMID- 7254016 TI - Management of hypertension newly detected by health screening. AB - An attempt was made, through a hospital-based health screening service, to ensure proper longterm care of clients with hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors. Of 8755 subjects screened on one occasion, 1274 (14.6%) had a blood pressure reading above defined limits; of these, 1058 were not receiving antihypertensive drugs. Apparently hypertensive subjects were rescreened within one week or were referred to their local doctors. At their second visits, over half of the 716 rescreened subjects had reading consistently below the defined limits. Those with intermittent blood pressure elevation (89 patients) were designated as having labile hypertension, and were reviewed regularly. The remainder, with persisting hypertension, were sent to their local doctors or to the hospital's hypertension clinic. After six months, the group ith labile hypertension showed no change in mean left cardiac ventricular voltage, and more than 50% the group had normal blood pressure; 14 patients were receiving antihypertensive drugs. Subjects referred to the hypertension clinic had a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and a low prevalence of clinically evident organ damage. Only half of this group were deemed to require drug therapy. In a postal survey of clients referred to private doctors, 35% of respondents reported that they had started taking anti-hypertensive drugs. Thorough rescreening of blood pressure is essential in preventing the unnecessary use of antihypertensive drugs, and this can be facilitated by providing management streams appropriate to the needs of the individual subject. PMID- 7254017 TI - Echocardiographic observations in myocardial wall motion abnormalities. PMID- 7254019 TI - Community attitudes to selection of medical students. PMID- 7254018 TI - Acute lingual ischaemia complicating temporal arteries. AB - We report the case of a patient with extensive extracranial arteritis in whom intermittent claudication of the tongue was followed by incipient gangrene and in whom response to steroid and anticoagulant therapy was rapid. The importance of recognizing this unusual presentation of temporal arteritis and instituting therapy early is emphasized. PMID- 7254020 TI - Pitfalls in using stapler. PMID- 7254022 TI - A disarmed world. PMID- 7254021 TI - Prolongation of prothrombin time with cimetidine. PMID- 7254023 TI - Rubella immunity in pregnancy. PMID- 7254024 TI - Intraocular lenses. PMID- 7254025 TI - Early sulphonamide treatment of malaria. PMID- 7254026 TI - Infantile colic. PMID- 7254027 TI - When do you remove first aid measures from an envenomed limb? PMID- 7254028 TI - Monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. PMID- 7254029 TI - Alcoholism in industry programmes involving the private practitioner. PMID- 7254030 TI - A rare cause of sudden death. PMID- 7254031 TI - Prisoners of war: long-term effects. PMID- 7254032 TI - An atlas of the skin lesions in snake bites. PMID- 7254033 TI - Respiratory distress in newborn infants: contribution to current mortality. AB - A review of infants with respiratory distress born at the Mercy Maternity Hospital, Melbourne, during the years from 1975 to 1977 showed that live-born infants totalled 13304; 288 (2.2%) had respiratory distress. Of the 13304 infants, 197 died; 75 (38.1%) were infants with respiratory distress. Hyaline membrane disease was the cause of the respiratory distress in 153 (53.1%) infants; 58 (37.9%) infants with that problem died. Hyaline membrane disease accounted for 58 (77.3%) of the 75 deaths in infants with respiratory distress. Assisted ventilation was required in 147 (51.0%) infants with respiratory distress and chronic complications of its use acceptable as bronchopulmonary dysplasia occurred in only 8.2% and retrolental fibroplasia in only 3.4%; it is suggested that assisted ventilation was commenced too late in 23 (34.0%) infants. Twenty-eight (42.0%) infants with respiratory distress died despite correct usage of assisted ventilation. This number attests to the dangers of prematurity; hence the decision to deliver an infant prematurely should not be taken lightly. PMID- 7254034 TI - Treatment of bacterial meningitis in children without intravenous fluids. AB - It would be easier and cheaper, and there would be less risk of cerebral oedema, if bacterial meningitis could be adequately treated without the intravenous administration of fluid. Fifty children with bacterial meningitis were treated with intramuscular injections of benzyl penicillin, probenecid given orally and chloramphenicol palmitate suspension given orally, and the outcome was evaluated prospectively. Seven (14%) of the 50 children died. In a control group of 50 children with bacterial meningitis treated with the intravenous administration of benzyl penicillin and chloramphenicol sodium succinate, the outcome was determined retrospectively. Twelve (24%) of the 50 children died. The difference in mortality rate was 10% +/- 15.7% (+/- 2 SE), which is not significant. Except in the rare case of a child with shock or persistent vomiting, bacterial meningitis can be effectively treated with six-hourly intramuscular injections of penicillin, and probenecid and chloramphenicol given orally. PMID- 7254036 TI - Myiasis in an Australian abroad. PMID- 7254035 TI - Cigarette-smoking and drug use in schoolchildren in the Hunter Region, New South Wales. 1. Tobacco, alcohol and analgesic use in 10 to 12 year old primary schoolchildren (1979). AB - In 1979, as the first stage in the evaluation of an educational strategy designed to discourage children from smoking, we surveyed primary school children aged from 10 to 12 years in the Hunter Health Region (New South Wales) determine smoking prevalence rates. The self-report questionnaires also included questions on use of alcohol and analgesics. Our results suggest a possible decline in smoking prevalence from levels observed in earlier Australian studies. Among the smokers, over half the children claimed to smoke one brand (Winfield). Children who admitted to being regular cigarette smokers were more likely to be the children who made regular use of alcohol and analgesics. PMID- 7254037 TI - Anorexia nervosa, pregnancy and XO/XX mosaicism. PMID- 7254038 TI - Midtrimester abortion associated with septicaemia caused by Campylobacter jejuni. AB - The clinical record of a patient who suffered a mid-trimester missed abortion during an acute febrile illness is presented. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from her blood cultures. Complete clinical recovery followed evacuation of the uterus and antibiotic therapy. Evidence of placental infection was found on histological examination. The possible role of campylobacter and other infections in fetal and perinatal death is discussed. PMID- 7254042 TI - Acute glomerulonephritis presenting with acute blindness. PMID- 7254040 TI - Hospital microbial environment: need for continual surveillance. AB - In an epidemic of nosocomial infection, Pseudomonas cepacia emerged as a significant pathogen capable of causing severe infection. The epidemic was controlled by tracing and controlling the source of the infection, which proved to be "sterile" water and "in-use" dilution antiseptic. Problems of sterile water were controlled by regular maintenance of equipment and surveillance. Antiseptic problems were overcome by changing the type of antiseptic, and paying attention to correct concentration of "in-use" dilution. A four-year follow-up of the water supply shows no further problems. Further infectious episodes caused by P. cepacia have not been encountered. PMID- 7254041 TI - The need for psychiatric care. PMID- 7254039 TI - Improved smoking habits in 12-to-14-year-old Busselton children after antismoking programmes. AB - Immediate reduction in smoking habits has been sustained for 12 months amongst Busselton schoolchildren after antismoking programmes. Evaluation of the programmes demonstrates the value of emphasizing the immediate effects of smoking, and the need to give children the ability to cope with social pressures before they reach secondary schools. PMID- 7254044 TI - Report of the Jamison Commission. PMID- 7254043 TI - White piedra in Australia. PMID- 7254045 TI - Spread of cutaneous squamous carcinoma via cranial nerves. PMID- 7254046 TI - Formal assessment-- springboard for continuing education. PMID- 7254047 TI - Exercise and rehabilitation in dialysis patients. PMID- 7254048 TI - The increasing respectability of auras. PMID- 7254049 TI - Dimethyl sulfoxide. PMID- 7254050 TI - Medical evidence 1. Legal restraints. PMID- 7254051 TI - Alcohol and the liver. 2. Fatty liver and hyperlipaemia. PMID- 7254052 TI - Colonoscopic polypectomy. AB - Seven hundred and forty-one colonic polyps have been removed by colonoscopic polypectomy during 300 examinations. Up to 36 polyps were removed at a single examination. Colonoscopic treatment of villous adenomas to 7 cm has been successfully performed in elderly and infirm patients. There were no deaths or incidents of perforation and the only significant complications were two secondary haemorrhages requiring transfusion. The presence of a polyp was not definitely reported in 40% of barium enema X-ray examinations carried out within three months of polypectomy. Double contrast X-ray examinations were significantly more sensitive in the detection of polyps. Colonoscopic polypectomy is a safe and effective technique. All colonic polyps should be removed by this technique after diagnosis. PMID- 7254053 TI - Hemoccult II test: routine screening procedure for colorectal neoplasm? AB - In October, 1978, the Hemoccult II Test was introduced as a screening procedure by the Sydney Hospital Heath Information and Screening Service. In the first two years, 4498 people were screened and 150 positive results were obtained. These people were referred for further investigation, with 114 choosing to attend the Edward Wilson Colon and Rectum Unit outpatient clinic at Sydney Hospital. Forty four patients were found to have 59 colorectal neoplasms of which 13 were carcinomas. This represents a cancer incidence of 0.29% and corroborates the results of similar studies conducted overseas. PMID- 7254055 TI - Colorectal cancer--tuberculosis connection. AB - Tuberculosis is common in countries with a low incidence of colorectal cancer. A survey was made to determine whether there was any difference in mortality from colorectal cancer in Australia between matched groups with, and without, tuberculous disease. Four hundred consecutively decreased tuberculous patients were compared with a similar number proved not to have contracted any tuberculous infection, and were matched by age, sex, year of death, and socioeconomic ethnic status. There was a statistical significance (P less than 0.01) for colorectal and other gastrointestinal cancers, but not for other cancers. In the non tuberculous group, there were 21 deaths from colorectal and 24 deaths from other gastrointestinal cancer compared to seven deaths from colorectal and seven from other gastrointestinal cancers in tuberculous patients. Increased immunity against the tubercle bacillus may have played a part in these findings. PMID- 7254054 TI - Reliability of barium enema in detecting colonic neoplasia. AB - Three hundred and seven unselected patients were examined by double contrast barium enemas. Twenty-four patients (7.8%) had carcinomas; 11 patients (3.6%) had polyps; six patients (2%) had possible polyps, not confirmed by colonoscopy; and in four patients (1.3%) the radiological findings were misleading or wrong. No carcinoma was missed by barium enema X-ray examination, to be diagnosed by other means. Two patients had radiological lesions, not demonstrable endoscopically, but confirmed surgically. Extensive follow-up of 286 patients (93.2%) revealed only one subsequent case of carcinoma. The shortcomings of colonoscopy are briefly discussed. It is recommended that barium enema examination precede colonoscopy in the investigation of suspected large bowel neoplasia, and that both be used alternately to screen high-risk patients. PMID- 7254056 TI - Toxic shock associated with tampon usage. AB - A case of a 30-year-old woman who developed fever, diarrhoea and vomiting during the third and fourth days of menstruation, during which she was using tampons, is presented. The patient was admitted to hospital on the fifth day in shock , semicomatose, and with a generalized erythroderma. A presumptive diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome was made. Aggressive resuscitative and antibiotic therapy achieved a favourable outcome. An unused tampon from the same packet grew a Staphylococcus aureus of the same antibiogram and phage type as that isolated from the vaginal culture. PMID- 7254057 TI - "Prolonged pregnancy" after oral contraceptive therapy. AB - A prospective study of 151 patients whose last menstrual period was an oral contraceptive induced haemorrhage indicated that, in many, ovulation was considerably delayed and that the calculated due date of delivery was therefore erroneous; prolonged pregnancy (more than 42 weeks gestation) occurred in 37.4% and, in 9%, gestation exceed 44 weeks. PMID- 7254058 TI - Chlamydia endocarditis. PMID- 7254059 TI - External laryngeal trauma. AB - Fifteen cases of external laryngeal trauma treated at the Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, over a two-year period are reported. It is suggested the diagnosis may often be overlooked and the extent of injury may be underestimated. Surgical intervention was necessary in nine cases. A more positive approach to the management of external laryngeal trauma with an emphasis on earlier surgical treatment if certain criteria are met, is recommended. PMID- 7254060 TI - Health personnel terrorized in El Salvador. PMID- 7254061 TI - Hydatid disease. PMID- 7254062 TI - Postvasectomy testing: reducing the delay. PMID- 7254063 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome and malignant hyperpyrexia. PMID- 7254064 TI - Ketogenic diets. PMID- 7254065 TI - Dimelor withdrawn. PMID- 7254066 TI - Drug screening in city hospitals. PMID- 7254067 TI - The fickle finger of fate. PMID- 7254068 TI - Heinz body haemolytic anaemia. PMID- 7254070 TI - Are melanomas hormone-dependent? PMID- 7254069 TI - Choosing our medical students. PMID- 7254071 TI - Selective pregnancy termination in thalassaemia. PMID- 7254072 TI - Human life and termination of pregnancy. PMID- 7254073 TI - Tampon-associated toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 7254074 TI - Prolonged confusion after cimetidine. PMID- 7254075 TI - Professional courtesy. PMID- 7254077 TI - Primary care at public hospitals. PMID- 7254076 TI - Cervical cancer and promiscuity. PMID- 7254079 TI - Rheumatic fever in the West Kimberley. AB - A retrospective study was performed to document the high incidence of rheumatic fever in the West Kimberley region of Western Australia. Derby Regional Hospital case records from 1970 to 1979 were examined. Population estimates were calculated using data of the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Community Health Department, Perth. Rheumatic fever was shown to be a relatively common condition with significant morbidity in certain population groups. The disease has a high mean age of onset (14.5 years), and is significantly more common in females than males, and in Aborigines than in non-Aborigines. Case numbers show no downward trend. The incidence of hospitalized cases of rheumatic fever in Aboriginal schoolchildren for 1975 to 1979 is between 2.3 and 3.5 per 1000. The limitations of the study are discussed. The importance of accurate diagnosis and a comprehensive system for future prevention of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease at a community level is stressed. PMID- 7254078 TI - Alcoholism among Aboriginal people. AB - Much has been spoken and written about alcohol problems in Aboriginal communities, but little has been achieved in dealing with these problems effectively, as is clearly illustrated by the statistics in this article, which summarizes the over-all situation in New South Wales, analyses its historical development, and shows its present catastrophic proportions. An approach, based on 13 years of active and intensive involvement in this particular field, is presented which if properly implemented, could greatly alleviate this pressing problem. PMID- 7254081 TI - Evidence for zinc deficiency in aboriginal settlements in Northwestern Australia. AB - Four coastal Aboriginal settlements in the northwest area of Australia have been investigated for plasma trace metal status--Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), and Iron (Fe). The 350 Aboriginals were considered in two groups; five to 20 years of age and 20 to 70 years of age. Forty per cent to 50% had plasma Zn levels below two standard deviations from the normal and 60% to 70% had plasma Cu levels greater than two standard deviations above the normal (almost 100% at Kalumburu). Hypoferraemia was common. These results are more significant than those of a previous study of 350 individuals living at two inland settlements. The coastal missions have access to fresh meat and fish, and at Kalumburu food is prepared for the people. While the climate, soil, and the Aboriginal predilection for white flour may play a role, it is speculated that the Zn deficiency is related to parasitic infestation in the intestine, loss of blood, and failure of zinc absorption. PMID- 7254080 TI - Problems facing aboriginal health workers in a community health service. AB - The length of service and reason for resignation of Aboriginal health workers recruited from 1976 to 1978 are discussed. Resignation rates in the first and second years of employment were 46% and 22.4%, respectively. Resignation was often the final outcome of intolerable personal conflicts with family, community and workmates, compounded by confusion and diversity of opinion over job roles. PMID- 7254082 TI - A syphilis epidemic in a northern territory Aboriginal community. AB - An epidemic of syphilis in an Australian Aboriginal community with no previous experience of the disease is described. Syphilis was diagnosed in 214 cases during the five-year period 1975 to 1979 inclusive. The epidemic was controlled by an intensive programme based on active case detection by serological screening and community education, implemented through the local community health centre. PMID- 7254084 TI - Stepping out. PMID- 7254083 TI - Diabetes mellitus in the Torres Strait region. AB - A study of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the predominantly Melanesian population of the Torres Strait region indicated a rate of 19% in the outer island area and a rate of 13% in the Thursday Island and Bamaga areas. The disease, predominantly of the mature-onset type, was not sex dependent except in subjects over the age of 50 years, in whom there was a significantly greater prevalence amongst females. A positive correlation between blood or plasma glucose levels and blood pressure was found. PMID- 7254085 TI - Rehabilitation of the elderly. PMID- 7254087 TI - Congenital anomalies in relation to the use of doxylamine/dicyclomine and other antenatal factors: an ongoing prospective study. AB - Recent publicity regarding possible teratogenic effects of the doxylamine/dicyclomine/pyridoxine combination (Debendox) has led to a degree of apprehension in women for whom the drug is prescribed, and in doctors who prescribe it. This study, based on an ongoing epidemiological surveillance programme, reports an analysis of the records of 1817 women for whom the drug was prescribed compared with 5771 non-users. The object of the study was to evaluate the outcome of pregnancy against exposure to the drug, taking into account the coexistent influences of other factors. Thorough statistical analysis disclosed no evidence of teratogenicity of the doxylamine/dicyclomine/pyridoxine overall, nor in relation to the skeletal or cardiovascular systems in particular. Two unexpected findings were an apparent moderate increase in genital tract abnormalities in users of this drug, and the possibility of a synergistic relationship between tobacco and this drug in early pregnancy, both aspects warranting further investigation. PMID- 7254088 TI - Perinatal outcome in Western Australia, 1968 to 1975: 2. social and biological determinants. AB - Trends in perinatal mortality and low birthweight (percentage of livebirths under 2500 g) were analysed in relation to certain social and biological variables. Mothers at high risk of adverse perinatal outcome in terms of perinatal mortality and low birthweight were found to be very young and grand multiparous mothers, old primiparas, unmarried mothers, those with multiple pregnancies and mothers born in Asia. PMID- 7254086 TI - Rehabilitation after total laryngectomy. AB - The process of speech acquisition after laryngectomy is described with emphasis on the three principal types of alaryngeal voice (oesophageal, artificial larynx and surgically facilitated voice). Current views on the use of the artificial larynx and factors that may interfere with alaryngeal speech development are discussed. The availability of laryngectomy rehabilitative services in some major centres is surveyed. PMID- 7254089 TI - Intrauterine effect of phenothiazines. AB - Administration of chlorpromazine and fluphenazine decanoate to a pregnant woman caused many neurological signs in the baby, which persisted for nine months. The dilemma of prescribing phenothiazines for a pregnant woman is discussed. PMID- 7254090 TI - Debendox and limb reduction deformities. PMID- 7254091 TI - Pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium szulgai. AB - The first reported case of pulmonary infection in Australia caused by Mycobacterium szulgai is presented. Only 15 other cases are known to have been reported in the literature. All isolates reported so far have been associated with human disease. PMID- 7254092 TI - Pindolol in schizophrenia. PMID- 7254093 TI - Complete regression of locally-advanced breast cancer with chemotherapy. PMID- 7254094 TI - Public hospitals and general practitioners. PMID- 7254095 TI - Mesantoin (methoin) PMID- 7254096 TI - Health benefits and psychoanalysis. PMID- 7254098 TI - What does the ambulance officer require of the medical and nursing profession? PMID- 7254097 TI - Immunotherapy in allergic asthma. PMID- 7254099 TI - Academic's wrist (also editor's hazard) PMID- 7254100 TI - Medical privacy and research: a very modern anxiety. PMID- 7254102 TI - Anaesthesia in China. PMID- 7254103 TI - Medical practice clinic Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney. PMID- 7254101 TI - Asbestos pollution and pleural plaques. PMID- 7254104 TI - Natural death legislation: some issues. PMID- 7254106 TI - Prevalence of asbestos related lung disease among employees in non-asbestos industries. AB - Employees from two non-asbestos industries wee examined to assess the prevalence of asbestos-related lung disease. Of the 214 employees, one suffered from a malignant mesothelioma of the pleura and in 13 (6.1%), pleural plaques were diagnosed radiologically. the plaques were symptomless and not associated with any disturbance in respiratory function. The sole source of asbestos fibre in one factory was the asbestos insulation surrounding steam and hot water pipes similar to that found throughout industry. Exposure occurred as the result of the way in which this insulation has been handled routinely in industry by people who have commonly been unaware either of their exposure or of its significance. In the second factory there was the possibility of additional exposure originating from a neighbouring industry that was a major consumer of asbestos. The results suggest that maintenance workers may be particularly at risk and that the presence of pleural plaques may be under-reported in the absence of a history of asbestos exposure to direct attention towards them. The presence of pleural plaques has important consequences for the individual and for others who have shared the work environment. PMID- 7254107 TI - Biochemical and physiological changes in football players. AB - Twenty-three football players were studied before and after a match to assess if intermittent exertion produced the same biochemical and physiological changes noted in marathon runners. All players developed a significant fluid deficit and rise in body temperature despite ready access to water. However, the changes were less marked than those described in runners. They also showed acidosis, a rise in serum levels of creatinine, urate and urea and striking elevations in the levels of creatine kinase and other enzymes. Serum magnesium levels fell, as did those of potassium; this is not the case in runners, in whom hyperkalaemia is more frequently described. PMID- 7254105 TI - Whither paediatrics? PMID- 7254109 TI - In-vitro activity of erythromycin against anaerobic microorganisms. AB - Minimum inhibitory concentrations of erythromycin were determined, in the absence of CO2, for 256 strains of anaerobic microorganisms recently isolated from clinical practice. Of 126 strains of Bacteroides fragilis, 93% were inhibited by 6 mg/L, or less, of erythromycin. Of the remaining 130 isolates, 92% were inhibited by 6 mg/L, or less, of erythromycin. These findings suggest that the majority of anaerobic microorganisms would be inhibited by the serum levels achieved by administering 1 g of erythromycin intravenously, every six hours. PMID- 7254108 TI - Corynebacterium vaginale in non-purulent vaginitis. AB - The diagnostic importance of a cytological evaluation of a Gram-stained smear of the discharge from a case of non-purulent vaginitis (NVP) due to corynebacterium vaginale is emphasized. A battery of rapid laboratory tests designed to identify the organism on the second day of incubation with an accuracy of at least 97% is proposed. In a prospective study of 1402 patients, 310 (22%) were found to be asymptomatic carriers of C. vaginale and 42 (3%) had vaginal discharge attributable only to C. vaginale. The clinical features of NVP and results of several treatment regimens in a controlled trial of treatment are compared. Metronidazole given by mouth (1200 mg/day in divided doses) produced the best remission rate, although complicating candidiasis developed in 25% of cases. PMID- 7254110 TI - Treatment of serious systemic infection with netilmicin in combination with other antibiotics. PMID- 7254111 TI - Minoxidil experience in Australia 1974-1980. AB - Minoxidil was used by 27 investigators for the treatment of severe refractory hypertension which had failed to respond to extensive multiple therapy. Blood pressure was controlled in 71 of 101 patients. The most common side effects were fluid retention and hypertrichosis. In 71% of patients the drug was withdrawn because of intolerance. PMID- 7254114 TI - Perinatal outcome in Western Australia, 1968 to 1975 3. Causes of stillbirths and neonatal deaths excluding congenital malformations. PMID- 7254112 TI - Metoclopramide. Management of gastrointestinal intolerance in rheumatoid arthritis patients. AB - Ten patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were unable to tolerate anti inflammatory doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were admitted to the study. After endoscopy three patients were taken out of the study because of frank gastric ulceration. Seven patients entered the six-week study during which anti-inflammatory doses of NSAIDs were preceded by 30 minutes by a 10-mg dose of oral metoclopramide. The insults of this pilot study suggest that pretreatment with metoclopramide enables patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have non-ulcer dyspepsia to tolerate full dosage of NSAIDs. PMID- 7254113 TI - Diarrhoeal disease in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal infants and young children in Western Australia. AB - There were remarkable differences in the rates of admission to hospital for gastroenteritis of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal infants and children in Western Australia during the eight-year period, 1971 to 1978. Although Aborigines made up only 3.7% of the State's population under five years in 1976 (the last census year) they accounted for 42% of admissions to hospital for gastroenteritis and had 58% of the bed occupancy for that disease. The highest rates of admissions were for rural infants, whether they were Aboriginal or not. Other infections, particularly of the respiratory tract, were other common causes of admission to hospital. There has been a very encouraging decline in deaths from diarrhoeal diseases, particularly in young Aborigines, in the period reviewed. Hospital admission rates also decreased for Aborigines during the latter half of the study, with the largest fall occurring in metropolitan infants, but there is still a very wide gap between the rates experienced by the Aboriginal and non Aboriginal population under five years of age. PMID- 7254115 TI - Adverse reactions to ginseng. PMID- 7254116 TI - Allergen skin prick testing in asthmatic children. PMID- 7254117 TI - Mucociliary clearance of the slug mucosa exposed to dust and cigarette smoke. PMID- 7254118 TI - [Psychotropic drugs: benefits, dangers, misuse]. PMID- 7254119 TI - [Spironolactone in digitalis-requiring cardiac insufficiency following pacemaker implantation]. AB - In a retrospective study conducted in 213 patients with cardiac pacemakers having severe bradycardiac heart failure with oedema, the addition of the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone to a diuretic therapy was shown to have a favourable influence on the degree of compensation. This has been confirmed in 26 patients under the conditions of a drug interruption period, and in 24 other patients, who were treated with spironolactone after being decompensated under the therapy with digitalis and diuretic or without diuretic. The application of triamterene with a thiazide did not show this positive effect. PMID- 7254120 TI - [Hospitalism--more than a bacteriological problem]. PMID- 7254121 TI - [Liver damage from tuberculosis treatment]. PMID- 7254122 TI - [How strongly does heavy work in the heat affect metabolism?]. AB - The study covered 39 acclimatised workers of a ball-bearing forge, aged 39,03 +/- 9,95 years. Temperature of the air, relative humidity and air speed were measured immediately at work. Additionally electrocardiogram, heart rate and temperature of the skin were continuously transmitted by telemetry. Before and at the end of the shift analysis of blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, blood cells and coagulation, serum acidity and a great number of other metabolic parameters was performed. The netto calories were calculated as 3250 kcal/8 hours (= 13585 kJ/8 hours). Hematological analysis demonstrated a tendency to increase of leucocytes favouring neutrophil granulocytes. The main alterations comprised decrease of actual pH, base excess and standard bicarbonate. Furthermore serum lactate and triglycerides increased, creatinine attained the upper limit of the normal range, mineralogram remained unchanged by drinking ad libitum. The so called "liver enzymes" remained stable. As to circulatory parameters systolic blood pressure slightly declined whilst heart rate increased. PMID- 7254124 TI - [Quinidine increases digoxin levels]. PMID- 7254125 TI - [Secondary diseases complicating cancer]. AB - Post-operative care of cancer patients has to take into consideration additional diseases not related to the basic disease, too. This is especially of importance in cases in which these diseases are decisive for the patient's expectation of life. In view of the age structure of cancer patients, a high incidence of diseases of circulation and their risk factors is to be expected. In the present study 480 cancer patients were examined retrospectively for their multimorbidity. It confirmed the high incidence of risk factors (27% hypertension, 17% diabetes mellitus) and of diseases of circulation (60% cardiac failure, 20% coronary heart disease, 15% peripheral disturbances of arterial circulation). These complicating diseases were overlooked in many cases in view of the "tragedy of cancer". PMID- 7254126 TI - [Epidemiology--what is it and what are its objectives?]. PMID- 7254123 TI - [Better diabetes control by determining hemoglobin fractions]. PMID- 7254128 TI - The child's right to parents. PMID- 7254130 TI - Aminoglutethimide. PMID- 7254127 TI - Legislative report 1981 Virginia General Assembly. PMID- 7254129 TI - Treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 7254131 TI - Comparison of four methods for identification of gram-negative non-fermenters: organisms less commonly encountered in clinical specimens. AB - Four commercial kits--Oxi/Ferm (OF), API 20E (AP), Minitek (MT), Flow N/F (NF) were evaluated, without additional tests, for identification of 105 opportunistic Gram-negative non-fermentative rods. Of correctly identified 42% of strains, with 35% as part (but not first) of a spectrum of identifications (SI) and 23% incorrect identification. MT yielded 75% correct identification, with 12% SI and 13% incorrect. AP correctly identified 64% of strains, with 26% SI, 10% incorrect. NF correctly speciated 70% of strains, with 24% SI, 6% incorrect. All 4 methods show deficiencies in identification of these rare but increasingly clinically encountered organisms. Addition of new tests/modification of existing ones would render these systems more capable of identifying this organisms group. PMID- 7254132 TI - Presence of Clostridium difficile toxin in guinea pigs with penicillin-associated colitis. AB - Cecal filtrates from guinea pigs treated with penicillin contained a toxin which produced cytotoxic changes in HeLa cell cultures and was lethal to guinea pigs when administered intracecally. The cytotoxicity could be neutralized by Clostridium difficile and C. sordellii antitoxins, but not by other clostridial antitoxins. Rabbit immunization with toxic cecal extracts produced antibody which neutralized the cytotoxicity of guinea pig cecal extracts, of stool extracts from humans with antibiotic-associated colitis and of culture supernatant fluids of C. difficile. Treatment with vancomycin reduced the number of deaths and increased the survival time of penicillin-treated animals. No cytotoxin was present in cecal extracts from these guinea pigs. Gram-negative bacteremia was present in half the penicillin-treated animals, the sick ones as well as the healthy ones. Treatment with vancomycin did not decrease the incidence of bacteremia. Gram negative bacteremia and changes in fecal flora were observed in some antibiotic treated guinea pigs; all diseased animals, however, contained this cytotoxin. C. difficile was isolated from cecal contents of sick animals and these isolates produced the cytotoxin in vitro. The results suggest that C. difficile toxin can cause antibiotic-associated colitis in guinea pigs. PMID- 7254133 TI - [New data on natural foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Mongolian People's Republic]. PMID- 7254134 TI - [Experimental characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis virus persistence in a cell culture from a poikilothermic animal]. PMID- 7254136 TI - [Methodological problems of assessing rodent eradication as measures of plague prevention]. PMID- 7254137 TI - [Capacity of Xenopsylla gerbilli minax and X. conformis fleas to feed on man]. PMID- 7254138 TI - [Role of the Central Institute of Physician Postgraduate Advanced Training in the training of medical entomologists in the USSR]. PMID- 7254135 TI - [Simplified variant of a model for describing the epidemic process in low intensity foci of tick-borne encephalitis]. PMID- 7254139 TI - [Cultivation of Ixodes persulcatus under field conditions]. PMID- 7254141 TI - [Convulsions in the course of fever. Clinico-statistical considerations on 415 cases from 3 to 15 months of age]. PMID- 7254142 TI - [The fetal face syndrome or Robinow syndrome. Description of a case (clinical and immunological aspects)]. PMID- 7254140 TI - [Preliminary results of an epidemiological study of respiratory pathology in 2 school populations with different environmental and socioeconomic situations]. PMID- 7254143 TI - [Acute neonatal case of maple syrup urine disease]. PMID- 7254144 TI - [Behavior of TSH, T4, free T4, T3, free T3 and reverse T3 in the first 15 days of life]. PMID- 7254145 TI - [Intestinal perforation in the course of the Schonlein-Henoch syndrome]. PMID- 7254146 TI - [Height and weight of elementary school students of Turin 1976-1977. I. Males]. PMID- 7254147 TI - [Evaluation of serum pyruvate kinase in patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and carriers. Comparison with other enzyme determinations]. PMID- 7254148 TI - [The behavior of increase in body height and weight in young girls studied from age 6 to 17-18 years. I and II. The dynamics of height increase. weight increase and the adolescent spurt]. PMID- 7254149 TI - [The behavior of increase in body height and weight in young girls studied from the age of 6 to 17-18 years. III. Difference in the median age of appearance of the adolescent spurt in height and weight]. PMID- 7254151 TI - [Fontanelle bombee : the possible consequence of sulphenazone therapy]. PMID- 7254152 TI - [Vertigo in childhood]. PMID- 7254153 TI - [Transmission of hepatitis B to infants of mothers with chronic antigenemia]. PMID- 7254150 TI - [Primary fibroelastosis of the endocardium. Report of a case with long survival]. PMID- 7254155 TI - [Trisomy 22: a clinical diagnosis]. PMID- 7254156 TI - [Progressive facial hemiatrophy. Considerations on a typical case]. PMID- 7254157 TI - [Diabetes insipidus associated with empty sella turcica in a child]. PMID- 7254154 TI - [Maternal and fetal monitoring of Toxoplasma gondii infestation]. PMID- 7254158 TI - [Diagnostic considerations on an unusual case of thoracic ectopia of the right kidney]. PMID- 7254159 TI - [Brachial zoster in an infant]. PMID- 7254160 TI - [The role of radiotherapy and surgery in the treatment of cutaneous angiomas in children]. PMID- 7254161 TI - [Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, type II. Personal case]. PMID- 7254162 TI - [Chronic cor pulmonale in childhood caused by upper airway obstruction by tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy]. PMID- 7254164 TI - [Skeletal maturation of the school population of Turin. Comparison between of TW2 and Greulich-Pyle methods. III. 7 and 9-year-old males]. PMID- 7254166 TI - Continuing medical education current status and future prospects. PMID- 7254163 TI - [Evaluation of bone maturation velocity and growth rate in a sample of Turin school population 6.2-7.2 years of age]. PMID- 7254165 TI - A political analysis of Minnesota psychiatrists and their methods of reimbursement. PMID- 7254167 TI - Hospice home care: when death occurs. PMID- 7254168 TI - Retired lives reserve. Maximize the tax benefits under your corporation's group term life insurance plan. PMID- 7254169 TI - Aortic aneurysm presenting as ureteral obstruction, case report. PMID- 7254170 TI - Misuse of topical ocular anesthetics. PMID- 7254171 TI - Esophageal obstruction secondary to a tortuous thoracic aortic aneurysm: case report. PMID- 7254172 TI - Emphysematous pyelonephritis: a report of two cases. PMID- 7254173 TI - The need for "pr thinking" in your medical practice. PMID- 7254175 TI - Use of ureteral illumination for accurate identification of the ureters during surgery. PMID- 7254177 TI - An approach to patients with the recent onset of arthritis. PMID- 7254174 TI - Symmetric masses in an 83-year-old man. PMID- 7254176 TI - Porphyria Cutanea tarda in Missouri. PMID- 7254178 TI - 123rd annual session: Missouri State Medical Association. PMID- 7254179 TI - Clinical neurology in small animal practice. Part 10. PMID- 7254180 TI - Your practice and the accountants, bankers, and consultants. PMID- 7254181 TI - Dystocia in Kenyan dairy cattle. PMID- 7254182 TI - Canine renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7254183 TI - Extraction of a dog's carnassial tooth. PMID- 7254185 TI - Serologic response to canine distemper vaccine in dogs convalescing from salmon poisoning complex. AB - Six of 7 dogs that had recently recovered from clinical salmon poisoning complex (SPC) responded to vaccination for canine distemper with an increased titer, as did 2 of 3 controls. The humoral immune response of dogs convalescing from SPC apparently is not compromised. PMID- 7254187 TI - The criminals among us. PMID- 7254184 TI - Mummified fetuses in a cat. PMID- 7254186 TI - Comparison of lincomycin and carbadox for treatment and control of swine dysentery. PMID- 7254188 TI - Correction of hindleg pastern subluxation. PMID- 7254189 TI - The humble time clock. PMID- 7254190 TI - Under attack. PMID- 7254191 TI - Management of poisonous snakebites in dogs and cats. PMID- 7254192 TI - Differential diagnosis of pain. PMID- 7254193 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of a horse's guttural pouch. PMID- 7254194 TI - Glossal anomaly in a bull. PMID- 7254195 TI - Unusual gastric foreign body in a beagle. PMID- 7254196 TI - Chlamydial diseases. PMID- 7254197 TI - Bovine tarsal joint disorders. PMID- 7254198 TI - Preventive medicine for pleasure horses. PMID- 7254199 TI - Binding of organic ions by proteins. 2. Effects of 1-benzyl-3-indazoleoxyacetate at low concentration on the oxygen affinity of human hemoglobin. AB - The oxygen equilibrium of human hemoglobin has been studied in the presence of 1 benzyl-3-indazoleoxyacetate (BZ). The results show that: (a) The overall oxygen affinity of hemoglobin is a function of BZ concentration, but the cooperative character of the equilibrium curve appears insensitive to the drug up to the maximal concentration studied (5 x 10(-2) M); (b) The functional expression of the interaction between hemoglobin and BZ is not affected by the presence of protons, i.e., the change in oxygen affinity determined by BZ is the same at any pH value studied; (c) The aromatic region of BZ molecules is of primary importance for the functional change of hemoglobin; (d) The difference in moles of BZ bound per mole of tetrameric unliganded and oxygenated hemoglobin corresponds to 2; these functionally relevant binding sites on the protein are probably located at alpha 1, beta 1 and alpha 2 beta 2 interfaces; (e) Thermodynamically, entropy effects dominate the reaction between hemoglobin and BZ. PMID- 7254200 TI - Phagocytosis-promoting activity of avian plasma and fibroblastic cell surface fibronectins. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether fibronectin preparations from both chicken plasma and cell surface of fibroblasts can promote phagocytosis of gelatin-coated latex particles. Chicken plasma fibronectin was isolated (a) by ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatography on Sepharose-4B followed by purification on a Sepharose-4B-heparin column; (b) by affinity chromatography on a Sepharose-4B-rat-antifibronectin column; (c) by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-4B-gelatin followed by molecular sieve separation on Sepharose-CL4B; (d) by a dual affinity chromatographic method using a Sepharose 4B-gelatin column and a Sepharose-4B-heparin column. Chicken cell surface fibronectin from fibroblast cultures was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by chromatography on Sepharose-CL4B. The purity of preparations was examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate; all samples showing high purity. The opsonic activities of the preparations were measured by the uptake of 125I-labeled gelatin coated latex particles in conjunction with rat liver slice, and peritoneal macrophage monolayer systems. Both the plasma fibronectin and cell surface fibronectin preparations showed substantial opsonic activities in the test systems. Fresh chicken plasma did not reveal any phagocytosis promoting activity due to the presence of some unidentified inhibitor(s). The results showed that an opsonically active protein can be isolated from chicken plasma or serum and this protein is identical to plasma fibronectin. Furthermore, it could be concluded that cell surface fibronectin from chicken fibroblasts also can serve as an opsonin for gelatin coated particles. PMID- 7254201 TI - Porcine superoxide dismutase. Isolation and characterization of a relatively basic cuprozinc enzyme. AB - A cuprozinc superoxide dismutase has been isolated from pig liver. The enzyme is similar to previously described cuprozinc superoxide dismutases in that it is a dimer of about 32 000 molecular weight consisting of approximately two equally sized subunits, and 2 atoms of copper and two atoms of zinc per molecule. It differs, however, from previously described cuprozinc superoxide dismutases because of its higher isoelectric point; pI 6.8 vs 4.9 for bovine enzyme. The diffusion coefficient for the porcine enzyme was determined to be 7.53 x 10(-7) cm2 s-1, while the equivalent spherical hydrodynamic radius was computed as 28.5 A. The enzyme was observed to undergo self-association with time. Sulfhydryl interaction is postulated to be involved. PMID- 7254202 TI - Dissociation of the protein components from chromatin by reversible modification with dimethylmaleic anhydride. AB - Modification of calf thymus chromatin with the protein reagent dimethylmaleic anhydride is accompanied by dissociation of histones and non-histone proteins. Gel electrophoresis of the released proteins and of those bound to the residual chromatin showed that histone H1 is dissociated more easily than the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). These are apparently released in the proportion in which they are present in chromatin. After regeneration of the modified amino groups by incubation at pH 6.0, the released proteins are able to bind to the residual chromatin, under two different sets of reconstitution conditions, to form nucleosome-like structures. PMID- 7254204 TI - Nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles from adenovirus infected Hela cells. AB - Heterogenous nuclear RNA-protein complexes (hnRNP) from adenovirus-2 (Ad-2) infected Hela cells contain most of the virus-specific RNA which is labeled in the nucleus during periods lasting from 45 seconds to 2 hours. Moreover, the percentage of RNA which is Ad-2 specific as monitored by filter hybridization increases progressively from early to late period where it accounts for as much as 50-60% of the labeled RNA. The Ad-2 sequences are found in heterogenous complexes sedimenting between 30 and 200 S the density of which in CsCl (rho approximately 1.39) as well as metrizamide (rho approximately 1.29) seems to be the same as that of the bulk particles. A more detailed analysis with restriction fragments shows that all regions of the Ad-2 genome are represented in these particles. PMID- 7254205 TI - Biogenesis of a transforming gene. PMID- 7254203 TI - The effect of glucagon on the kinetics of hepatic mitochondrial calcium uptake. AB - Previous work by this and other laboratories has shown that glucagon administration stimulates calcium uptake by subsequently isolated hepatic mitochondria. This stimulation of hepatic mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by in vivo administration of glucagon was further characterized in the present report. Maximal stimulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation was achieved between 6-10 min after the intravenous injection of glucagon into intact rats. Under control conditions, Ca2+ uptake was inhibited by the presence of Mg2+ in the incubation medium. Glucagon treatment, however, appeared to obliterate the observed inhibition by Mg2+ of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Kinetic experiments revealed the usual sigmoidicity associated with initial velocity curves for mitochondrial calcium uptake. Glucagon treatment did not alter this sigmoidal relationship. Glucagon treatment significantly increased the V max for Ca2+ uptake from 292 +/- 22 to 377 +/- 34 nmoles Ca2+/min per mg protein (n = 8) but did not affect the K 0.5, (6.5-8.6 microM). Since the major kinetic change in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake evoked by glucagon is an increase in V max, the enhancement mechanism is likely to be an increase either in the number of active transport sites available to Ca2+ or in the rate of Ca2+ carrier movement across the mitochondrial membranes. PMID- 7254206 TI - Properties of a 110000 molecular weight protein in rat liver hnRNP particles. AB - Particles carrying heterogeneous nuclear RNA (30--40 S-particles) were isolated from rat liver nuclei and the particle proteins separated by sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis. Some properties of a 110000 molecular weight component (P 110/103) were studied in detail: (i) P 110/103 was labeled to a 4-5 times higher specific activity than the major particle proteins in the presence of [14C]-amino acids in vivo. (ii) In nuclei incubated with [3H]- or [32P] nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide P 110/103 was labeled presumably by ADP ribosylation. (iii) A protein with the same molecular weight as P 110/103 and isolated from the nuclear extract by affinity chromatography was phosphorylated in vitro. PMID- 7254207 TI - Structural organization of nascent transcripts and hnRNA molecules in amphibian oocytes. AB - Comparisons of relative lengths of lampbrush loops, nascent RNP transcripts and hnRNA molecules from oocytes of amphibia with different C-values show that there is an increasing trend in loop, and transcriptional unit, length with increase in genome size but no increasing trend with respect to RNA contour length. The formation of duplex regions and circles in RNP fibrils indicates that RNA processing may occur within the nascent fibrils. The hnRNA molecules from oocytes of the various amphibia readily form intermolecular duplex structures. These complementary sequences have a low kinetic complexity and are transcribed from highly repetitive sequences distributed throughout the genome. Their possible function is considered. PMID- 7254208 TI - [Kinetic and regulatory properties of reversible enzymic reactions]. AB - The model of a reversible reaction catalyzed by an oligomeric enzyme has been investigated. The regions of parameter values have been estimated at which the model describes "unidirectional" or alternative effects of allosteric modifiers on the rates of forward and backward reactions. The plausible explanation and mathematical description are offered for kinetic and regulatory peculiarities of reversible reactions catalyzed by NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and catabolic ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase. The phenomena of unidirectional catalysis of alternative directions of a reversible reaction by different enzymes are considered. PMID- 7254209 TI - [Ion-exchange properties of DNA immobilized in acrylamide gel]. AB - Ion-exchange of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and NH4+ on the Na+-DNA entrapped in acrylamide gel was studied. Under a definite percentage ratio between acrylamide and cross linking agent (N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide) more than 95% of initial DNA was shown to be immobilized firmly and not to be washed out by salt solutions. Melting temperature and hypochromicity measurements of DNA extracted from the gel showed that denaturation of DNA has not taken place. The gel with immobilized DNA may be considered as ion-exchanger with phosphate fixed groups. It has been found that Mg2+, Ca2+, Na/, K+ and NH4+ are bounded with phosphate groups only, the degree of binding declines in the following order: Na+ less than or equal to K+ much less than Mg2+ less than Ca2+. The immobilization of DNA is suggested as a method of investigation of interaction between DNA and metal ions. PMID- 7254210 TI - [Model of water participation in stabilization of charges in primary photosynthesis events]. AB - A hypothesis is elaborated which advances a model of primary change separation in photosynthetic reaction centres. This model implicates two principal ideas: i) photoexcitation (or excitation migration from antenna chlorophyll) of reaction centre dimer (P700, P840, P870-P890) induces a charge transfer state with an electron from one molecule being transferred to another one (corresponding distance must be approximately greater than 6 A); ii) the above state is stabilized due to rapid (congruent to l psec) orientation of electric dipoles of nearest water molecules in the local field of dimmer transition moment. The quantitative energetic calculations confirm the consistence of the hypothesis with the literature data available and enables us to explain the molecular mechanisms of some primary events of photosynthesis. PMID- 7254211 TI - [Glucocorticoid-receptor complexes of rat liver. I. Kinetic and equilibrium parameters of their interaction with DNA: ionic strength and temperature dependence]. AB - The interaction of about 2000-fold purified rat liver glucocorticoid-receptor complexes (RGC) with DNA immobilized on cellulose was investigated. The sedimentation coefficient of GRC before or after purification is about 4S in 0.3 M NaCl. The parameters of GRC-DNA interaction were quantitatively determined using arbitrary constants expressed in M of DNA nucleotide residues. The GRC oligomeric forms which are predominant in low ionic strength media are supposed to have a higher DNA-binding affinity as compared to the monomeric forms which are predominant in high salt solutions. The interaction of GRC with DNA-cellulose qualitatively differs from the interaction of GRC with phosphocellulose. This suggests that electrostatic forces do not determine the formation of GRC-DNA complexes. So, in addition to nonspecific interaction, some specific "recognition" in GRC-DNA complexes may occur. Calculations made on the basis of GRC-DNA binding parameters derived for the conditions close to physiological (0.15 M NaCl, 20-30 degrees C, pH 7.4) demonstrate that rapid and nearly complete in vivo translocation of GRC form cytoplasm to nuclei may be a consequence of direct interaction of GRC with cellular DNA. PMID- 7254214 TI - The yield of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes as related to the time of arrival at first post-stimulation mitosis. AB - Blood from 3 donors of each species, man, rabbit and pig, were irradiated with a dose of 2.5 Gy 60Co gamma-rays. Micro-cultures of lymphocytes, established in presence of BrdUrd, were harvested at 6 different times after stimulation by PHA. The preparations containing metaphase figures were stained according to Perry and Wolff to permit differentiation of the cells in first and later mitoses. In all individuals and species studied there was a highly significant negative correlation between dicentric yield and time from stimulation to harvest. The decline of the yield with time of harvest varied in 3 species between 1.0 and 3.6% per hour. Implications for biological dosimetry are discussed. PMID- 7254213 TI - [Quantum yield formation of triplet state and recombination luminescence of the primary electron donor in reaction centers of photosynthetic bacteria]. AB - The quantum yield of fluorescence and triplet state of the primary electron donor (P) in reaction centers of the photosynthetic bacteria under reduction conditions (quinon - Fe complex is reduced) are discussed. The kinetics of the reversible electron transfer in ion radical pair [P+ primary acceptor -.] are considered by means of the ordinary kinetic equations and of the nonequilibrium spin-density operator method. It is shown, that present experimental data is not sufficient to find the value of energy (delta E) dissipated in the process of primary charge separation. The range of admissible values delta E can be defined on the base of the temperature dependence of the P fluorescence under reduction conditions. PMID- 7254215 TI - Heritable translocation and dominant-lethal mutation induction with ethylene oxide in mice. AB - Ethylene oxide was studied for induction of dominant-lethal mutations and heritable translocations in male mice. The chemical was prepared in water and injected intraperitoneally. The dominant-lethal study was conducted using a single injection of 150 mg/kg (maximum tolerated dose); in the heritable translocation study males were injected daily on weekdays for 5 weeks with 60 or 30 mg/kg dose per day. Results clearly showed that ethylene oxide is effective in inducing dominant-lethal mutations and that the 4 stocks of untreated females used do not differ or may differ only slightly in the ability of their eggs to repair ethylene oxide-induced lesions in male germ cells. Increases in the frequencies of heritable translocations were also observed at the 2-dose levels. These frequencies did not deviate significantly from those expected on the basis of dose-square kinetics. PMID- 7254212 TI - [Interactinos of DNA with low molecular weight ligands of various structures. I. Complexes of DNA with actinomycin and its simple analogs]. AB - The DNA complexes with actinomycin D and its simple analogues have been investigated by means of spectrophotometry, viscometry and flow birefringence methods. The number of binding sites per base pair of ligand on DNA depends on the nature of substitute in 1.9 position of the phenoxasone chromophore. It has been shown that phenoxasone derivatives without aminogroup in 2 position complex with DNA as in the case of simple actinomycin analogues. The intrinsic viscosity and optical anisotropy of DNA-analogues complexes increase linerly with increasing quantity of bound ligand. This testifies that the binding of the compounds under investigation to DNA molecule is of intercalation type. The character of variation of hydrodynamical and optical parameters of DNA molecule by its binding with actinomycin differs qualitatively from that observed by the binding with analogues. The experimental data obtained for DNA-actinomycin complexes can be interpreted only by suggesting a specific secondary structure alteration of the DNA molecule. It has been shown that the simple actinomycin analogues can not be used as an appropriate model for investigation of DNA actinomycin complexes structure. PMID- 7254216 TI - Thymidine resistance in Chinese hamster V79 cells in vitro. AB - Thymidine resistance in V79 Chinese hamster cells has been investigated. Phenotypically stable variant resistant lines occurred at a high frequency, and the mutation rate (2.67 x 10(-3) per cell per generation) to 400 micrograms/ml thymidine resistance as measured by the standard Luria--Delbruck fluctuation analysis was extremely high. Populations of cells maintained for extended periods in F-10 medium spontaneously increased in resistance, possibly as a result of selective pressures due to the thymidine present in F-10 medium since this change was not observed in Dulbecco's medium. The degree of resistance for a given variant was correlated with the amount of thymidine employed in its selection. Metabolic cooperation, resulting in the suppression of the resistant phenotype, was demonstrated in artificial mixtures of sensitive and resistant clonal lines. Clones isolated in high levels of thymidine possessed lowered uptake of [3H]thymidine and the depression in uptake was related to the level of resistance of the particular clone. Although thymidine kinase specific activity levels were slightly depressed in variant cell lines, growth rate and uridine uptake were unaffected. We conclude that thymidine resistance is due to a genetically controlled depression of external thymidine uptake. PMID- 7254217 TI - Antipain and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate: phenomenology of effects on UV mutagenesis in V79 Chinese hamster cells. AB - Antipain (AP) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were tested in V79 Chinese hamster cells for cytotoxicity and effects on survival and 6-thioguanine resistant (6-TGr) mutation after UV-irradiation. AP and/or TPA were relatively non-cytotoxic and had no significant effects on UV survival. Despite their non mutagenicity, the recovery of UV-induced 6TGr colonies was significantly enhanced by the pretreatment with either AP (0.5-2 mM) or TPA (0.1-1 microgram/ml) only during the expression period before the 6TG selection at a low density of cells in the absence of AP or TPA. Such enhancing effects were maximal when AP or TPA was present during the late expression period after the mutation fixation and extensive dilution of DNA lesions. Reconstruction experiments revealed the antagonistic actions that TPA and AP tended to eliminate and increase, respectively, the metabolic co-operation. In the TPA-plus-AP treatment, AP abolished the TPA-enhanced recovery of induced mutants. Thus, it seems that TPA increases the mutant recovery largely through decreased metabolic co-operation and AP could modulate the mutation expression. Further, an error-prone inducible repair may not exist, or, if it exists, AP may not inhibit it in V79 Chinese hamster cells. PMID- 7254219 TI - Meiotic micronuclei induced by X-rays in early spermatids of the rat. AB - In mutagenicity studies a rapid detection of chromosomal damage in mammalian germ cells would be very valuable. Encouraged by the usefulness of the bone-marrow micronucleus test, we applied analogous method to the assay of micronuclei induced during meiotic reduction divisions in the adult male rat by X irradiation. The micronuclei were observed in early post-meiotic cells which were enriched using a transillumination phas-contrast microscopic method. The frequency of micronuclei was scored at various dose levels and at various time intervals. The results indicate a linear increase in the frequency of micronuclei 24 h after X-irradiation with doses of 0, 10, 50, 150, 300 and 600 rad. The highest frequency of micronuclei was observed after 900 rad whereas lower frequencies were found after 1200 rad. The lowest dose giving a statistically significant increase above the control level was 50 rad. The stages of meiosis showed different sensitivities to the chromosome-breaking action of X-rays. The maximal incidence of micronuclei was found 18 h after irradiation which was considered to reflect the great radiosensitivity of diakinesis-metaphase I. The anesthetized group of control animals showed a slightly higher frequency of micronuclei than the non-anesthetized controls. Potentials of the new method for mutagen testing are discussed. PMID- 7254218 TI - Comparison of the chromosomal radiosensitivity of blood lymphocytes and stem-cell spermatogonia in the rhesus monkey and the mouse. PMID- 7254221 TI - Spontaneous and UV-induced recombination in radiation-sensitive mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - The rad alleles of 18 unlinked genes of S. pombe were tested for their level of spontaneous meiotic, spontaneous mitotic and UV-induced mitotic recombination in the ade7-50 x ade7-152 interval. The effects of these rad alleles on meiosis and cell morphology were also studied. None of these mutants showed a clear-cut reduction of spontaneous recombination rates, no matter whether they had lost or retained a caffeine-sensitive repair of UV-induced lesions, which has previously been interpreted as a recombinational pathway of DNA repair (Fabre, 1972a; Gentner, 1977; Gentner et al., 1978). rad1-1 was the only mutant with a reduced frequency of UV-induced recombination. Some mutants displayed an increased frequency of mitotic recombination, either spontaneously (rad 15-P, rad 21-45), UV-induced (rad8-190) or both (rad2-44). Previous hypothesis on the contribution of recombination to DNA repair in S. pombe are reconsidered in the light of these data. PMID- 7254220 TI - Differential chromosomal damage in Chinese hamster bone-marrow cells and in spermatogonia after mutagenic treatment. PMID- 7254222 TI - Non-random distribution of aberrations and identification with C- and G-bandings of the position of breakage points on Muntjac chromosomes induced by mitomycin c, bromodeoxyuridine and hydroxylamine. AB - The analysis of chromosomes from muntjac after treatment of its lymphocyte cultures with 3 chemical mutagens having different base-pair affinities and modes of action, namely mitomycin C (MC), 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HA), with G- and C-band staining displayed non-random distribution of chemically specific damage points on them. The randomness of the involvement of each site on the chromosomes were examined by assuming an expected value calculated on the basis of its relative mitotic length. The observation revealed that a large fraction of MC-induced aberrations was preferentially located in the C-band positive constitutive heterochromatin, especially in the long "neck-like" centromeric region of the X-chromosome. On the chromosomal arms, the light G bands were involved in aberrations either in proportion to or higher than that expected. When the cells were treated with BUdR, the dark G-bands on all the chromosomes of the complement were the preferred sites, displaying statistically significant higher numbers of aberrations. A single "hot-spot" for induced damage on 1 mid-q was also recorded. HA induced a very high frequency of damage in the secondary constriction regions of the chromosome pairs 1, X and Y2, and the frequency was slightly lower than this in the centromeres of 1, 2 and X chromosomes. The observation of specific distribution of damage points induced by the 3 chemicals lead to the suggestion that, though the effect of a chemical on chromosome segments depends on several factors, each being partially responsible for the end result, it is perhaps primarily depended by the chemical's base-pair affinity and mode of action. PMID- 7254224 TI - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges and cell cycle delay in cultured mammalian cells treated with eight organophosphorus pesticides. AB - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) and cell cycle delay in Chinese hamster cell line V79 after treatment with 8 organophosphorus pesticides (OPP) were studied. In addition, these effects were also studied using 1 of the 8 OPP in 2 human lymphoid cell lines. In V79 cells, 6 of the 8 OPP induced significant increase of frequencies of SCE and all the OPP induced various degrees of cell cycle delay. The 6 OPP in decreasing order of SCE induction are methylparathion, demeton, trichlorfon, dimethoate, malathion and methidathion. The 2 OPP that had no effect on SCE are diazion and disyston. The extents of induced cell cycle delay are generally related to the OPP concentrations but does not necessarily correlate with the extent of induction of SCE among the OPP studied. The results of studies on the effect of methyl-parathion on SCE and cell cycle delay in 2 human cell lines showed that both lines had significant and dose-dependent increase of SCE frequencies similar to those observed in V79 cells. In contrast to V79 cells, however, cell cycle delay was not as prominent in the human lines at comparable doses. These studies indicated that 5-bromodeoxyuridine labeling for analyzing SCE and cell cycle delay is a very sensitive method in assessing mutagenic potential of environmental compounds especially those that are highly toxic to and rapidly degradable in mammalian cells such as OPP. PMID- 7254226 TI - Abnormalities in the development of the American sea urchin induced by nalidixic acid. PMID- 7254223 TI - Inhibition of chromosome repair by caffeine or isonicotinic acid hydrazide on chromosome damage induced by mitomycin C in human lymphocytes. PMID- 7254227 TI - Evidence that chromosome rearrangements occur after fertilization following postmeiotic treatment of male-mice germ cells with EMS. PMID- 7254225 TI - Activity of the plant flavanol quercetin in the mouse lymphoma L5178Y TK+/- mutation, DNA single-strand break, and Balb/c 3T3 chemical transformation assays. AB - The activity of quercetin was investigated in (a) the L5178Y TK+/- mutation assay system, using trifluorothymidine (TFT) as the selection agent; (b) the DNA single strand break assay L5178Y cells after the same treatment used for the mutation assay; and (c) the Balb/c 3T3 chemical transformation assay (foci method). Quercetin was active in the TK+/- mutation assay, increasing the frequency of TFT resistant colonies from a control value of 37 per 10(6) viable cells to 355 per 10(6) viable cells at 20 micrograms/ml. When S9 was present, the activity was decreased at each concentration tested. As the S9 concentration employed (mg/ml protein) was decreased, the induced mutant frequency increased. DNA single-strand breakage was observed without S9 at 10 micrograms/ml, using the alkaline elution technique; a maximal rate of elution was reached at 20 micrograms/ml. In the chemical transformation experiments, transformation just at the level of 0.05% significance (if both intermediate and typical transformed colonies were combined) was observed. The evidence is sufficiently strong that additional attention should be given to its role as a dietary cause of human cancer. PMID- 7254228 TI - The interpretation of bacterial mutation tests with azo dyes. PMID- 7254229 TI - Creatine kinase- "no phospho-, please!". PMID- 7254230 TI - Fresh and predegenerate nerve allografts and isografts in trembler mice. AB - In order to investigate whether Schwann cell or myelin was the principal antigen responsible for nerve graft rejection, fresh nerve grafts and those in which myelin had been previously allowed to degenerate (predegenerate grafts) from both isogeneic BALB/c and allogeneic C57/B1 mice were inserted into trembler BALB/c mice. Schwann cells within nerve allografts from C57/B1 mice were rejected, whether or not the grafts contained myelin. Nerve isografts from normal BALB/c animals produced normally myelinated trembler axons within the grafted segments, and across these segments conduction velocity was restored towards the normal value. It is concluded that Schwann cells, not myelin, constitute the principal antigen within nerve allografts and it is Schwann-cell rejection that limits the successful use of nerve allografts. PMID- 7254231 TI - Cross-reactivity of anti-acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies. AB - The heterogeneity of the specificities of anti-acetylcholine receptor (anti-AChR) antibodies of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients has been demonstrated by comparing reactions against a panel of xenogeneic AChR. For each patient there was a more or less unique cross-reactivity profile. Such heterogeneity emphasizes the need to use human AChR for the routine detection of anti-AChR. In vitro cross reactivity was important in predicting the effect of anti-AChR after passive transfer to rats. Specificity may influence the outcome in human neonates receiving maternal anti-AChR via the placenta. In contrast to the extreme heterogeneity seen in spontaneous MG, the antibodies associated with D penicillamine-induced MG were more homogeneous. PMID- 7254233 TI - Congenital myasthenia: end-plate acetylcholine receptors and electrophysiology in five cases. AB - The nature of the defect in congenital myasthenia was investigated in biopsy specimens of intercostal muscle from 5 male patients whose symptoms presented between birth and 2 years of age. Miniature end-plate potentials were reduced in amplitude in all 5 patients. The number of acetylcholine receptors as determined by alpha-bungarotoxin binding was normal in case 1 and reduced in cases, 2, 4, and 5. The shape of the end-plates as shown by autoradiography and cholinesterase staining was normal in case 1 and elongated in cases 2, 4, and 5. In cases 3, alpha-bungarotoxin binding was slowly reversible, and there were some muscle fibers with multiple end-plate regions. The acetylcholine content of the muscle was normal in all 5 cases. None of the patients had serum antibody to human acetylcholine receptor as measured by immunoprecipitation or inhibition of alpha bungarotoxin binding. We conclude that congenital myasthenia is a heterogeneous condition of nonimmune etiology in which both presynaptic and postsynaptic defects can be found. PMID- 7254232 TI - An autopsy study of a familial oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) with distal spread and neurogenic involvement. AB - An 81-year-old man from a family with a history of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) involving 6 members over 4 generations is described. The patient first noted drooping of his eyelids at the age of 65. Dysphagia and dysarthria occurred soon thereafter. At age 78, impairment of gait developed and progressive wasting occurred in the limbs with an initial distal distribution. Electromyography of several limb muscles displayed a mixed myopathic and neurogenic pattern with giant potentials. Examination at autopsy revealed slight loss of neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord, with scanty ghost cells, neuronophagia, and central chromatolysis. By light microscopy the limb muscles showed moderate small-group atrophy with severe myopathy and target fibers. The viscerocranial muscles, including the ocular, vocal, and tongue muscles, demonstrated only myopathic change with the typical features of progressive muscular dystrophy. Advanced replacement by fibrous connective tissue and fat had occurred in both the viscerocranial and the lower limb muscles. The significance of neurogenic involvement in OPMD is discussed. PMID- 7254236 TI - Microsporum canis infection of the scalp in adults in Denmark. PMID- 7254234 TI - Tellurium-induced myelinopathy in adult rats. AB - Tellurium is known to induce a neuropathy in young rats but not in adult rats. In the present study adult rats were fed a diet containing 1.25% tellurium every day for 30 days. By the end of this period, the rats moved with difficulty but did not show paralysis. Study of teased nerve fiber preparations in conjunction with light and electron microscopy revealed myelin abnormalities consisting of myelin bubbling, segmental demyelination, and remyelination. In some animals, these abnormalities had a patchy distribution, affecting several adjoining nerve fibers in sciatic nerves, brachial plexus, and spinal roots. The intramyelinic edema sometimes was associated with splitting of the axons. PMID- 7254235 TI - Canine muscle fiber types and susceptibility of masticatory muscles to myositis. AB - The myofiber type composition was studied in 42 different muscles of the dog to determine if there are unique features that might explain the preferential involvement of the muscles of mastication by inflammatory myopathies. The principal myofiber types for most muscles studied were type 1 and type 2A and, to a lesser extent, type 2C, whereas the dorsal group of muscles innervated by the mandibular nerve (Mm. temporalis, and tensor veli palatini) was composed only of type 2C myofibers and a variant of the type 1 myofiber whose staining intensity was not fully reversed after preincubation in acid media. The distribution of this myofiber type composition was associated with the innervation and embryologic development of the dorsal muscles innervated by the mandibular nerve. This unique myofiber type composition could provide the basis for the preferential susceptibility of these muscles to agents (e.g., immune and/or infectious) that produce myositis; however, further studies are required to assess that possibility. PMID- 7254237 TI - [Disinfection of stocking fabrics and leather samples contaminated with Trichophyton rubrum and other dermatophytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254238 TI - A modified liquid medium for higher production of aflatoxins. PMID- 7254239 TI - Ultrastructure of the chlamydospore growth phase of Aspergillus parasiticus associated with higher production of aflatoxins. PMID- 7254241 TI - [Premortal Candida septicaemia associated with Lyell's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254242 TI - [A syndrome resembling farmer's lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254243 TI - [Comparative investigation of the fungistatic activity of antifungal imidazole and benzimidazole derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254240 TI - A study of the mycoflora of hatcheries. PMID- 7254244 TI - [A fungistatic effect of diethanoloamine gel preparation under in vivo conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254245 TI - Biochemical identification of cutaneous leishmanias by analysis of kinetoplast DNA. I. Ultrastructural and buoyant density analysis. AB - Ultrastructural analysis has been carried out on three Leishmania isolates which are proven causal agents of human cutaneous Leishmaniasis, L. tropica major, L. aethiopica and a unidentified species, Leishmania SP48. No significant differences in submicroscopic morphology have been found in thin-sectioned organisms from the three isolates. Extensive plate cristae have been observed within the mitochondria and connections between the rim of the kinetoplast nucleoid and the inner mitochondrial membrane noted. Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) has been isolated from these isolates and from L. tarentolae and examined by protein monolayer spreading and darkfield electronmicroscopy. The basic molecular arrangement of isolated kDNA in the form of 5 micrometers networks of 0.28--0.3 micrometer mini-circles with long looped DNA in the interior and at the periphery of networks is similar in all isolates. Minor differences between L. aethiopica and SP48 compared with L. tropica major have been observed. The kDNAs of L. aethiopica and SP48 are identical morphologically. Buoyant density analysis has shown that kDNA from L. aethiopica and SP48 have identical values and these are different from the values for L. tropica major. The finding of similar buoyant densities for kDNA from L. tropica major and L. tarentolae also imply a sequence homology by this criteria which is refuted by the results given in the following paper. The results given in this and the following paper (Arnot, D.E. and Barker, D.C.(1981) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 3, 47--56 indicate that the unknown Leishmania SP48 is very closely related to, if not identical with, L. aethiopica. This finding is consistent with the clinical and ecological facts known for the organism SP48. PMID- 7254246 TI - Changes in the level of acetylcholinesterase of nematospiroides dubius and Trichostrongylus colubriformis following paralysis by levamisole in vivo. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase; EC 3.1.1.7) levels of Nematospiroides dubius from laboratory mice and Trichostrongylus colubriformis from lambs have been measured. The anthelmintic levamisole (leavo isomer of 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo-(2,1b)-thiazole (Tetramizole)) did not affect the level of acetylcholinesterase in N. dubius in vivo but caused a reduction in the level of the enzyme in T. colubriformis following paralysis in vivo. The effect of levamisole on acetylcholinesterase in the nematodes is explained in terms of the differing roles of the enzyme in these two species. PMID- 7254247 TI - The cyclopropane fatty acid of trypanosomatids. AB - Cis-9,10-Methyleneoctadecanoic acid, one of a group of cyclopropane fatty acids commonly found in bacteria but not in eukaryotic cells, has been identified in the phosphatidylethanolamines of 27 isolates representing 5 genera of trypanosomatid flagellates (Crithidia, Leptomonas, Herpetomonas, Phytomonas, Leishmania). Its presence did not appear to be associated with endosymbiotic or other microbiol associates. It was absent from 12 isolates of the genera Blastocrithidia, Endotrypanum and Trypanosoma. PMID- 7254248 TI - A protease inhibitor of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. AB - Somatic extracts of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis contain protease inhibitor(s) capable of inhibiting the activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin A and B. This inhibitor was partially purified by affinity chromatography. Its molecular weight is in the range of 9500-10 000. The inhibition of both trypsin and chymotrypsin depends on the same or closely adjacent active sites of the inhibitor molecule. The inhibitor is unaffected by heating, pH changes or urea, but is sensitive to 2 mercaptoethanol The formation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex is time-dependent. The complex does not dissociate with KC1. The inhibitor has no effect on the activity of elastase, subtilisin, pepsin, rennin, papain and collagenase. PMID- 7254249 TI - Proline biosynthesis by Fasciola hepatica at different developmental stages in vivo and vitro. AB - The ability of Fasciola hepatica to produce proline was assessed by measuring activity of the proline biosynthesis enzyme ornithine-delta-transaminase, and the arginine-dependent production of proline in vitro. This was related to the changes in bile proline of rats during the course of infection. It was found that the total production of proline and total enzyme activity per fluke increased as the fluke increased in size. However, while the specific enzyme activity remained constant throughout development, there was a preferential increase in proline production relative to protein content of the flukes just prior to their migration into the bile ducts. This early amplification of proline production could provide the stimulus to induce hyperplasia in the bile duct in preparation for fluke entry as proline production relative to protein content of fluke dropped markedly after migration into the bile ducts and never again reached the pre-migration level. PMID- 7254250 TI - Surface antigens of Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 7254251 TI - Child health care in the United States: a comparison of pediatricians and general practitioners. AB - We compared the care delivered to children by pediatricians and general practitioners, using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). These two types of physicians provide almost three fourths of all office based care for children under 15 years old. Pediatricians saw more very young children and fewer adolescents than did general practitioners. They provided more constant care over time and more routine preventive care in all age groups, and they made more diagnoses in children seen for this latter type of care. The distribution of other reasons for visits was the same for both types of physicians. For most of the common presenting problems, pediatricians ordered more laboratory tests but prescribed fewer drugs. The data suggest that general practitioners were more immediately accessible than pediatricians. Although the implications of these findings require further exploration, these differences in the constancy and accessibility of care, frequency of diagnoses made, and costs of commonly ordered laboratory tests may affect the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of children's health care. PMID- 7254252 TI - Less toxic treatment for advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7254253 TI - Who should give primary care? The continuing debate. PMID- 7254255 TI - Oral electrolyte solutions for infantile diarrhea. PMID- 7254254 TI - Resuscitation from drowning in cold water. PMID- 7254258 TI - The bacteremic patient as a source of infection. PMID- 7254257 TI - Erythema multiforme syndrome associated with varicella. PMID- 7254256 TI - Effects of gamma-vinyl GABA. PMID- 7254259 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis against infections in acute leukemia. PMID- 7254260 TI - Pulmonary reactions associated with amphotericin B and leukocyte transfusions. PMID- 7254261 TI - Diagnosis of amyloidosis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid. PMID- 7254262 TI - Bacteriuria and survival in old age. PMID- 7254263 TI - Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis and metastasizing leiomyoma. PMID- 7254264 TI - Eisenmenger's syndrome in pregnancy. PMID- 7254265 TI - Humanistic medicine. PMID- 7254266 TI - Health care in China. PMID- 7254267 TI - Jogger's kidney: a case of acquired nephroptosis. PMID- 7254268 TI - Moose-motorcycle collisions. PMID- 7254269 TI - Perinatal echovirus infection: risk of transmission during a community outbreak. AB - During a community outbreak of enterovirus infection, seven of 194 pregnant women (3.6 per cent) were found to be excreting a prime strain of echovirus 11 at term. Each of the seven women possessed serum neutralizing echovirus 11 antibody in titers ranging from 1:20 to 1:320, and the cord serum of their seven infants had antibody in titers of 1:10 to 1:640. None of these seven infants became ill, but four were shedding virus from the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract by three days of age. In a previous study, four infants who died of generalized infection due to the same strain of echovirus 11 had no detectable antibody in cord serum. None of the infants of virus-negative mothers became infected, according to cultures at hospital discharge (151 infants) or at two weeks of age (135 infants). We conclude that passive transplacental acquisition of antibody prevents severe, systemic echovirus disease but does not prevent mucosal infection in the perinatally infected infant. PMID- 7254271 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 33-1981. A 54-year-old woman with postprandial abdominal pain and diarrhea. PMID- 7254270 TI - Systemic carnitine deficiency presenting as familial endocardial fibroelastosis: a treatable cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7254272 TI - Sounding Board. The evolution of scientific and medical journals. PMID- 7254274 TI - Vasopressin and blood pressure. PMID- 7254273 TI - Antenatal treatment of hydrocephalus. PMID- 7254275 TI - Case 17-1981: chronic interstitial nephritis from lithium therapy. PMID- 7254276 TI - Case 19-1981: traumatic rupture of main-stem bronchus. PMID- 7254277 TI - Weight bearing as a treatment for damaged hips in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7254278 TI - Correlation of spectral phonoangiography and carotid angiography with gross pathology in carotid stenosis. AB - Spectral phonoangiography, a noninvasive method for measurement of the residual lumen diameter of carotid stenosis by bruit analysis, was compared with x-ray angiography and direct measurement of the pathological specimen at carotid endarterectomy in 39 bifurcations from 36 patients. In six studies, the bruit was too faint to analyze. In 31 of the other 33 studies, the phonoangiogram predicted the residual-lumen diameter to within 0.5 mm of the measured value. Of the 39 contrast angiograms, 35 showed residual lumens within 0.5 mm of the value measured in the specimen, two showed lumens between 0.5 and 1 mm, and the sizes of two could not be estimated because of vessel overlap in all planes. Spectral phonoangiography and contrast angiography are both accurate methods for evaluation of carotid stenosis. Since phonoangiography is noninvasive, it may be of particular value in determining the natural history in patients with carotid bruits. PMID- 7254279 TI - Risk of myocardial infarction in relation to current and discontinued use of oral contraceptives. AB - In a hospital-based case-control study, we evaluated the rate of myocardial infarction in relation to discontinued as well as current use of oral contraceptives. We compared 556 women with infarction, 25 to 49 years old, with 2036 age-matched control subjects. For current users, the rate-ratio estimate was 3.5 (95 per cent confidence limits, 2.2 to 5.5). For past users 40 to 49 years of age, the magnitude of the rate ratio was related to the duration of use: for total durations of past use of less than five years, five to nine years, and 10 or more years, respectively, the rate-ratio estimates (with 95 per cent confidence limits) were 1.0 (0.8 and 1.4), 1.6 (1.1 and 2.5), and 2.5 (1.5 and 4.1). This trend was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The findings suggest that an effect on the risk of myocardial infarction persists after the discontinuation of long-term use of oral contraceptives. PMID- 7254281 TI - Law-medicine notes: Acupuncture, the practice of medicine, and the right to demand medical services. PMID- 7254280 TI - Biologic differences between neuroblastoma stages IV-S and IV. Measurement of serum ferritin and E-rosette inhibition in 30 children. AB - In an examination of the biologic differences between neuroblastoma Stage IV-S (metastases to liver, skin, or bone marrow but not to bone), which has a high likelihood of spontaneous regression, and Stage IV (metastases to bone), which is usually fatal, 13 children with Stage IV-S disease and 17 with Stage IV were studied at diagnosis or shortly thereafter. Serum ferritin levels were elevated in 15 of the 17 children with Stage IV diseases, but not in the 13 with Stage IV S. E-rosette inhibitory factor was not present in the serum of 12 of 13 Stage IV S patients, but was detected in 12 of 17 Stage IV patients. All 12 Stage IV patients with inhibitory factor was not present in the serum of 12 of 13 Stage IV S patients, but was detected in 12 of 17 Stage IV patients. All 12 Stage IV patients with inhibitory factor had elevated serum ferritin levels. Elevated ferritin levels and E-rosette inhibitory factor appear to distinguish Stage IV neuroblastoma from Stage IV-S. PMID- 7254283 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 34-1981. PMID- 7254282 TI - Envenomation coagulopathy in wounds from pit vipers. PMID- 7254284 TI - Septic shock and corticosteroids. PMID- 7254285 TI - Coping with blindness. PMID- 7254288 TI - Profit and the end-stage renal-disease program. PMID- 7254286 TI - Successful antibody elimination in severe M-incompatible pregnancy. PMID- 7254287 TI - Bacterial endocarditis and upper endoscopy. PMID- 7254289 TI - Prolonged thrombin time probably no contraindication to kidney biopsy. PMID- 7254290 TI - Vasectomy and cholesterol. PMID- 7254291 TI - Hypogonadism and galactosemia. PMID- 7254295 TI - Scrum strep. PMID- 7254293 TI - Catecholamines, dopamine, and endorphin levels during extreme exercise. PMID- 7254292 TI - Morphine and methadone maintenance clinics. PMID- 7254294 TI - "Maple-syrup" urine odor due to fenugreek ingestion. PMID- 7254296 TI - Celtics fever: playoff-induced ventricular arrhythmia. PMID- 7254297 TI - Effect of an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase on serum lipoproteins and ubiquinone-10-levels in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - We studied the effects of ML-236B, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, on serum levels of lipoproteins and ubiquinone-10-in seven heterozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. ML-236B was given at doses of 30 to 60 mg per day for 24 weeks. Serum cholesterol decreased from 390 +/- 9 to 303 +/- 8 mg per deciliter (101 +/- 0.2 to 7.88 +/- 0.2 mmol per liter, mean +/- S.E.M.; p less than 0.001) and serum triglyceride decreased from 137 +/- 18 to 87 +/- 9 mg per deciliter (1.55 +/- 0.20 to 0.98 +/- 0.01 mmol per liter; p less than 0.05). Intermediate density-lipoprotein (DL) cholesterol, IDL triglyceride, low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and LDL triglyceride decreased significantly (p less than 0.01, P less than 0.001, and P less than 0.001, respectively). However, there were no significant changes in very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglyceride or high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Serum ubiquinone 10 levels did not change, and LDL levels of ubiquinone-10 decreased by 50 per cent, from 0.39 +/- 0.07 to 0.20 +/- 0.01 microgram per milliliter (P less than 0.05). No adverse effects were observed. We conclude that ML-236B is effective in lowering serum cholesterol without lowering serum ubiquinone-10 in heterozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 7254299 TI - Endorphins and the control of breathing. PMID- 7254298 TI - Hyperthyroidism and mitral-valve prolapse. PMID- 7254301 TI - Ethanol during hemodialysis for ethylene glycol poisoning. PMID- 7254300 TI - Hemodialysis in patients with a risk of bleeding. PMID- 7254302 TI - Hospitalization and patient age in Minneapolis-St. Paul HMOs. PMID- 7254303 TI - Jeans folliculitis. PMID- 7254304 TI - Brachial plexus injury from tight backpack straps. PMID- 7254305 TI - Doctors need union representation. PMID- 7254306 TI - National resident matching program. PMID- 7254308 TI - The role of the tonic stretch reflex during standing in man. PMID- 7254307 TI - Atypical cases of Microsporum canis infection in the adult. AB - Eleven adult patients (7 males, 4 females) were found to be infected with Microsporum canis. There was involvement of the scalp in three patients: in one male and one female there were kerion-like lesions and in one male the lesions resembled seborrheic dermatitis. There were three cases of tinea barbae, males aged 28, 65 and 82 years, in the first resembling an infected single lesion of granuloma annulare, the second with a kerion-like lesion and the third with an abscess-like tumor. There were five patients with lesions in glabrous areas: one male with a lesion of the palm resembling erythema multiforme and one with an infection of the auricular lobe resembling a seborrheic dermatitis or otitis externa; of three females with tinea faciei one had a lesion simulating granuloma faciale, one simulating lymphocytic infiltration and one simulating discoid lupus erythematosus. A cat was the source of infection in three cases; in the remainder it could not be determined with certainty. It is of note that a continuous increase in infection with M. canis has been observed in Israel during the past five years. PMID- 7254309 TI - Protective effect of coenzyme Q10 against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. PMID- 7254310 TI - Trend in prescription rates of drugs suspected to induce haematopoietic disorders in a population in Nagoya. PMID- 7254311 TI - Epidemiology of urinary bladder cancer: international variation in mortality. PMID- 7254312 TI - [Suitability of coarse rapeseed meals from various procedures for fattening broiler chickens. 2. Goitrogenic effect of rapeseed meals]. AB - In a fattening experiment with rapeseed meals produced by different techniques (cf. Part I) on broiler chickens, each experimental ration contained 10% of a variant rapeseed meal. The thyroid glands of the broiler chickens (allotted to 8 groups according to their diets) were examined for mass gain and submitted to various histopathological, biochemical and morphometric procedures. The variants of rapeseed meal applied to the animals in the groups IV, III and I have been found to be toxic. In contrast, the effects of the other variants of rapeseed meal on the morphology of the thyroid gland have been negligible. PMID- 7254314 TI - Changing the guard. PMID- 7254313 TI - The occurrence of tumors in domestic animals. PMID- 7254315 TI - Pseudogenes as a paradigm of neutral evolution. AB - On the neutral mutation hypothesis, the rate of nucleotide substitution is expected to be higher for functionally less important genes or parts of genes than for functionally more important genes, as the latter would be subject to stronger purifying (negative) selectio. On the other hand, selectionists believe that most nucleotide substitutions are caused by positive darwinian selection, in which case the rate of nucleotide substitution in functionally unimportant genes or parts of genes is expected to be relatively lower because the mutations in these regions of DNA would not produce any significant selective advantages. Kimura and Jukes have argued that the higher substitution rate observed at the third positions of codons than at the first two positions supports the neutral mutation hypothesis, as most third-position substitutions are synonymous and do not change the amino acids encoded, although others have discussed the possibility that third-position substitutions are subject to positive darwinian selection. Recently, Kimura noted that the mouse globin pseudogene, psi alpha 3, evolved faster than the normal mouse alpha 1 gene, although he did not compute the substitution rate. Here, we present a method of computing the rate of nucleotide substitution for pseudogenes, and report that the three recently discovered pseudogenes show an extremely high rate of nucleotide substitution. As these pseudogenes apparently have no function, this finding strongly supports the neutral mutation hypothesis. PMID- 7254316 TI - A single dominant gene determines susceptibility to a leukaemogenic recombinant retrovirus. AB - The production of recombinant retroviruses is an important episode in the natural history of thymic leukaemia in AKR and HRS/J (hr/hr) mices. These viruses apparently originate from ecotropic and xenotropic precursors in the late preleukaemic stage of the disease. Analyses of their structural proteins and genomic oligonucleotides indicate that they arise by recombination of env genes of the precursor viruses. This event leads to a viral envelope glycoprotein (gp70) with some peptides that have features of the gp70 glycoproteins of ecotropic and xenotropic viruses, and others that are unique for each recombinant virus. The former property explains the broad host range of recombinant viruses, and hence their designation as dual tropic or polytropic viruses. It has been postulated that the unique aspect of each recombinant's gp70 determines the phenotypes of leukaemic cells. Polytropic viruses may be highly thymotropic. Their systemic administration results in an infection that confines itself virtually to the thymus. Moreover, these viruses are leukaemogenic whereas their precursors are not, or only weakly so. The leukaemogenicity of polytropic viruses is, however, restricted to certain inbred strains of mice. The HRS/J isolate PTV 1 is leukaemogenic in HRS/J and CBA/J mice, but not in SWR/J or NIH/Swiss mice. The experiments described here demonstrate that a single dominant gene permits infection by thymocytes by a leukaemogenic polytrophic virus. CBA/J mice, which develop thymic leukaemia after infection by this virus, posesses this gene, whereas leukaemia-resistant NFS mice lack it. PMID- 7254317 TI - Is membrane expansion relevant to anaesthesia? AB - General anaesthesia can be induced by a wide variety of structurally dissimilar molecules. Consequently, the mechanism must involve some rather nonspecific interactions as the target site, generally held to be in nerve membranes. The primary site of action has been postulated to be either lipid or protein or both. Although recent work has cast doubt on the lipid hypotheses, protein models still flourish. In particular, Seeman and his co-workers have shown that biological membranes expand when anaesthetic molecules are added, and that this expansion is far greater than that which occurs with lipid bilayers. It has been suggested that this difference is due to extensive conformational changes in the membrane proteins, and several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this large expansion of proteins. We now report the first direct measurements of the volumes occupied by general anaesthetic molecules in both biological membranes and lipid bilayers. We show that, in fact, biological membranes expand much less and lipid bilayers expand more than previously reported. The volume that a general anaesthetic molecule occupies is essentially the same in biological membranes, lipid bilayers and water. Our results lead us to question all generalized membrane expansion hypotheses for the mechanism of general anaesthesia, in favour of hypotheses would include more specialized target sites. PMID- 7254318 TI - Differences between oestrogen receptor activation by oestrogen and antioestrogen. AB - Triphenylethylene antioestrogens such as tamoxifen, nafoxidine and Ci 628 specifically inhibit oestrogen action at the target cell level, probably by interacting with the oestrogen receptor (ER) and competitively displacing oestrogens from their binding sites. It is not clear, however, why these ligands are less biologically active than oestrogens when the bind to the ER, as no reliable difference has been found either in the binding affinity of these two series of ligands to the ER or in their ability to translocate the ER to the nucleus. In fact, these antioestrogens are transformed in vivo into hydroxylated metabolites which display a better antioestrogenic activity than the injected compound and at least the same high affinity as oestradiol for the ER. With the aim of finding an in vitro criterion to predict the agonistic or antagonistic properties of ER ligands, we have stabilized the ER in its 'native' or non activated form by the use of molybdate and have compared the binding of oestradiol (E2) and of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT), an active metabolite of tamoxifen, to the molybdate-treated and to the activated ER. We report here that molybdate prevented the DNA binding and the 4S to 5S transformation of the ER bound to both ligands, and that it increased the dissociation rate of oestrogens but not that of antioestrogens. Moreover, in the absence of molybdate, receptor activation by heating decreased the dissociation rate of E2 but not that of OHT. We conclude that a difference exists between the ER activation triggered by oestrogens and antioestrogens and propose that antioestrogens are acting as allosteric ligands of the ER. PMID- 7254319 TI - The expression-linked copy of a surface antigen gene in Trypanosoma is probably the one transcribed. AB - The antigenic specificity of the living trypanosome seems to be determined by the protein component of a unique glycoprotein species covering the whole surface of the parasite. During chronic infection, a single clone of trypanosomes may successively express a large repertoire of different variable antigen types (VATs). There are probably as many genes as variant-specific antigens (VSAs) (see refs 1-3 for reviews). The expression of the genes coding for the synthesis of these antigens is linked to genomic rearrangements involving duplication of the coding sequence and transposition of the additional copy. The regulation of the expression of the VSA genes is operated at the transcriptional level. It can thus be supposed that their transcription depends on the presence of the additional, transposed copy. We report here that this additional copy is in a chromatin configuration highly sensitive to pancreatic deoxyribonuclease, suggesting that it is the transcribed one. PMID- 7254322 TI - Inhibition of haemoglobin S gelation and water structural effects. PMID- 7254321 TI - Temperature-dependent delta C0p generated by a shift in equilibrium between macrostates of an enzyme. AB - Substantial negative heat capacity changes (delta C0p' s) have frequently been observed to accompany the formation of protein-ligand complexes. Glutamate dehydrogenase and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, however, have been reported to form binary complexes with coenzyme with negligible delta H0p' and only small delta C0p' s. Although many intriguing mechanisms have been proposed to account for the observed phenomena, there is little direct experimental evidence available which might provide a basis for evaluating the contributions of delta C0p' s of complex formation from the various mechanistic sources or even for distinguishing between them. However, if, as Eftink and Biltonen have suggested, a shift in equilibrium between macrostates contributes significantly to an observed delta C0p' s for a given reaction, it should be possible to characterize such a system by measuring the temperature dependence of the delta C0p'. Despite this, few studies have determined delta H0' values at more than two temperatures. We have now measured the temperature dependence of the delta H0' (and, thereby, that of the delta C0p') of the formation of an enzyme-reduced coenzyme complex in an attempt to provide such a basis and have found that the entire delta C0p' of complex formation is accounted for by a temperature-induced shift of an equilibrium between the different forms of the free enzyme. PMID- 7254323 TI - Carcinogen regulations: cleansing solution. PMID- 7254320 TI - Structure of mouse metallothionein-I gene and its mRNA. AB - Metallothioneins are small cysteine-rich proteins that bind heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium, copper and mercury. Recent interest in these proteins has focused on the part they play in zinc metabolism and heavy metal detoxification. Our interest in metallothionein genes stems largely from the observations that these proteins are inducible by both heavy metals and glucocorticoid hormones. To explore the regulation of these genes, we have isolated cDNA and genomic clones corresponding to mouse metallothionein-I (MT-I), and have used them to show that both inducers act at the transcriptional level in vivo and in a wide variety of cell lines. We have also shown that the MT-I gene is amplified during selection for cadmium resistance. To investigate the mechanisms of gene regulation, knowledge of the primary DNA sequence is necessary. Here we present the entire sequence of mouse MT-I gene along with approximately 300 bases of 5' flanking region that presumably includes promoter and regulatory sites. The 5' mRNA sequence, defined by S1 nuclease mapping, was combined with sequences of the coding and 3' untranslated regions obtained previously to allow a computer prediction of the most stable secondary structure of MT-I mRNA. PMID- 7254324 TI - Aspartame sugar substitute: new court overruled. PMID- 7254325 TI - Environmental lead: playing safe. PMID- 7254327 TI - The evolution of cooperation. PMID- 7254328 TI - New twists to DNA and DNA-carcinogen interactions. PMID- 7254329 TI - Diphtheria toxin: which route into the cell? PMID- 7254326 TI - Are the suprachiasmatic nuclei the location of the biological clock in mammals? PMID- 7254330 TI - The fate of inner cell mass and trophectoderm nuclei transplanted to fertilized mouse eggs. PMID- 7254331 TI - Dendritic territories of cat retinal ganglion cells. PMID- 7254332 TI - Androgen increases formation of behaviourally effective oestrogen in dove brain. PMID- 7254333 TI - Modulation of affinity of postsynaptic serotonin receptors by antidepressant drugs. PMID- 7254334 TI - Transplanted adrenal chromaffin cells in rat brain reduce lesion-induced rotational behaviour. PMID- 7254337 TI - US industry moves into biotechnology. PMID- 7254335 TI - Immunological enhancement of tumour allografts following treatment of mice with TNP-conjugated alloantigen and anti-TNP antibody. PMID- 7254336 TI - Rebuttal of criticisms of remote viewing experiments. PMID- 7254338 TI - Thalassemia: from theory to practice. PMID- 7254339 TI - Controls of RNA splicing and termination in the major late adenovirus transcription unit. AB - The major late adenovirus promoter is active early after infection, selectively producing messenger RNAs coding for polypeptides with molecular weights of 55,000, 52,000 and 14,000. This selective expression suggests that a differential splicing pattern occurs at the transition from early to late viral gene expression. Activation of the late promoter and splicing of the 55, 52K mRNAs does not require newly synthesized virus polypeptides. PMID- 7254341 TI - Trypanocidal activity of daunorubicin and related compounds. PMID- 7254340 TI - Evidence that LY-141865 specifically stimulates the D-2 dopamine receptor. PMID- 7254342 TI - Interactions of daunomycin and melanotropin-daunomycin with DNA. PMID- 7254343 TI - Delayed recruitment of maternal histone H3 mRNA in sea urchin embryos. PMID- 7254344 TI - Can cancer at work be regulated? PMID- 7254345 TI - Towards a total human protein map. PMID- 7254347 TI - Synthesis and function of metallothioneins. PMID- 7254348 TI - Treating urea cycle defects. PMID- 7254349 TI - Relationship of aardvark to elephants, hyraxes and sea cows from alpha-crystallin sequences. PMID- 7254346 TI - Hormonal regulation of cloned genes. PMID- 7254350 TI - Spatial summation and contrast sensitivity of X and Y cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the macaque. PMID- 7254353 TI - One more journal. PMID- 7254354 TI - The location of nucleosomes in chromatin: specific or statistical. PMID- 7254351 TI - Dispermic origin of XY hydatidiform moles. PMID- 7254352 TI - Gene required in G1 for commitment to cell cycle and in G2 for control of mitosis in fission yeast. PMID- 7254355 TI - Stripped for action. PMID- 7254356 TI - Induction of 8-azaguanine resistance and sister chromatid exchange in human lymphocytes exposed to mitomycin C and X rays in vitro. AB - Indirect evidence implies that 8-azaguanine-resistant (AGr) lymphocytes in human peripheral blood are mutants associated with the loss of the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) locus on the active X chromosome, the mutation frequency increasing linearly with age. AGr variants are readily induced in lymphocytes exposed to mitomycin C in vitro, their incidence correlating with induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). Although SCE events and the development of an AGr phenotype may reflect a common type of DNA damage, mitomycin C-induced Agr variants are not mutants but are suggested to be cells having a transcriptional block at the HPRT locus. AGr variants are also readily induced by X rays in vitro, their incidence correlates closely with the incidence of aberrations induced in the X chromosome and they are considered to have a mutational origin. PMID- 7254358 TI - A homoeotic mutation transforming leg to antenna in Drosophila. PMID- 7254359 TI - Intervening sequences in ribosomal RNA genes and bobbed phenotype in Drosophila hydei. AB - The "bobbed' (bb) mutation in Drosophila is represented phenotypically by shortened and abnormally thin scutellar bristles and by delayed development. There is a direct correlation between bristle size and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis, and the bb mutation was at first explained as a deficiency of rRNA genes (rDNA). However, the bb phenotype can occur in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila hydei with high rDNA content, while phenotypically wild-type flies are known with few rRNA genes, suggesting that what matters is not the number of rRNA genes but their transcriptional activity. In D. melanogaster, it has recently emerged that rRNA genes interrupted by an intervening sequence are not transcribed. We now report that in D. hydei, the length of the scutellar bristle is directly proportional to the number of rRNA genes without this intervening sequence. PMID- 7254360 TI - Is the similarity of monozygotic twins due to genetic factors alone? PMID- 7254357 TI - Hormonal regulation of synthesis of yolk proteins and a larval serum protein (LSP2) in Drosophila. PMID- 7254361 TI - Population genetics of selfish DNA. PMID- 7254362 TI - Microscopic agglutination test for antibody against Treponema hyodysenteriae. PMID- 7254363 TI - Detection of Haemophilus equigenitalis, the causal agent of contagious equine metritis, in Japan. PMID- 7254364 TI - A histological study on congenital goiter in calves occurring collectively in Japan. PMID- 7254365 TI - Pathways of dopamine metabolism in the rabbit caudate nucleus in vitro. AB - Slices of rabbit caudate nucleus were preincubated with 3H-dopamine and then superfused. 3H-dopamine and its metabolites were separated by column chromatography. The basal outflow of tritium consisted of 68% DOPAC, 21% OMDA metabolites (most of which was HVA), 6% dopamine and 5% MTA. Except for an increase in 3H-dopamine, the basal outflow was little changed by nomifensine or cocaine. Amezinium reduced the outflow of 3H-DOPAC and 3H-OMDA metabolites and increased that of 3H-dopamine and 3H-MTA; its effect was antagonized by nomifensine. Haloperidol 10(-7) M selectively enhanced the outflow of 3H-DOPAC and 3H-OMDA metabolites. At haloperidol 10(-5) M, a large increase in these two fractions was accompanied by a small increase in 3H-dopamine and 3H-MTA. Nomifensine diminished only slightly the outflow of 3H-DOPAC caused by haloperidol. The overflow of tritium elicited by electrical stimulation at 3 Hz consisted of 74% DOPAC, 15% OMDA metabolites, 10% dopamine and 0.4% MTA. Lowering the frequency reduced the overflow of total tritium and caused a decrease in the percentage of 3H-DOPAC and an increase in the percentage of 3H-dopamine. Nomifensine or cocaine greatly diminished the evoked overflow of 3H-DOPAC and 3H OMDA compounds and increased the evoked overflow of 3H-dopamine and 3H-MTA. The effects of apomorphine and bromocriptine were similar to those caused by decreasing the stimulation frequency. The major pathways of the metabolism of previously taken up dopamine, under the conditions of our experiments, are as follows. When the neurones are at rest, dopamine metabolism is initiated by leakage of the amine into the axoplasm, where it is degraded through the aldehyde to DOPAC. Part of the DOPAC is methylated extraneuronally to HVA. Traces of MTA are formed by extraneuronal methylation of dopamine. When action potentials arrive, dopamine metabolism is initiated by exocytosis. The bulk of the extracellular dopamine is taken up back into the neurones. When the stimulation frequency is 3 Hz, most of the axoplasmic dopamine is subsequently transformed to DOPAC; little seems to be re-stored. HVA and MTA are generated essentially as during neuronal rest. When dopamine release is low (stimulation at low frequency; addition of apomorphine or bromocriptine), a larger portion seems to be re stored, thus leading to a decrease in the percentage of DOPAC. Haloperidol, apart from its receptor blocking properties, acts on dopaminergic axons in a manner akin to the effect of reserpine. PMID- 7254366 TI - The release of endogenous GABA and glutamate from the cerebral cortex in the rat. AB - 1. The release of endogenous GABA and glutamate from the cerebral cortex was measured using a cortical cup technique in unanaesthetized freely moving rats and anaesthetized rats by means of a sensitive and specific mass-spectrometric procedure. 2. GABA release was not affected by the presence of the dura mater or by anaesthesia. Glutamate output was reduced by urethane but not by pentobarbital anaesthesia and by the presence of the dura. 3. An isotonic solution containing 50 mM KCl placed epidurally within the cup elicited a significant short-lasting increase in glutamate output, a decrease in GABA output and a short-lasting electrocorticogram (ECoG) activation. 4. When the dura was removed, a high K+ solution placed on the exposed cerebral cortex elicited a 7--8 fold increase in GABA output accompanied by a marked decrease in glutamate output and by ECoG synchronization. The changes in GABA and glutamate output had parallel time course and were prevented by the application within the cup of tetrodotoxin (3 X 10(-5) M). 5. Amphetamine at the doses of 3.7 and 7.4 mumol . kg-1 i.v. increased glutamate output and at the dose of 37 mumol . kg-1 i.v. increased GABA output. Both effects were prevented or reduced by haloperidol pretreatment (0.65 mumol . kg-1 i.v.). 6. It is concluded that GABA and glutamate released from the cerebral cortex and diffused into an epidural or cortical cup originate at least in part from the brain. The rate of their release is influenced by changes in neuronal activity. The measurement of their rate of release offers a useful tool for the study of the functional role of cortical GABA and glutamate-releasing neurons. PMID- 7254367 TI - Phalloidin uptake by the liver of cholestatic rats in vivo, in isolated perfused liver and isolated hepatocytes. AB - Rats made cholestatic by bile duct ligation survive phalloidin poisoning. This protection against phalloidin poisoning is correlated with the rate of the toxin uptake by the liver. [3H]demethylphalloin was used as a tracer for uptake studies. This is justified because there is no significant difference in the rate of uptake of the phallotoxins used. Within 4 h after bile duct ligation phalloidin uptake is reduced to about 25% and after 24 h to about 15% of controls. Isolated perfused livers and isolated hepatocytes from cholestatic rats bind less phalloidin than normal controls. Besides morphological changes serum factors may account for the decreased rate of phallotoxin uptake in cholestatic cells. PMID- 7254370 TI - [The man in stocking feet: contact hypersensitivity to materials in shoes and clothing textiles]. PMID- 7254369 TI - Transport of organic ions through lipid bilayers. AB - The transport of a series of charged drugs and other organic ions through lipid bilayers was studied, using single-bilayer liposomes. Monovalent organic cations and organic anions could carry charge into the liposomes independent of the nature of their counter ion. Ion-pair formation, following the addition of an excess of I- or Br-, did not facilitate this transport. However the passage of organic cations and anions across the membrane required the presence of the organic anion tetraphenylborate in the lipid bilayer. This effect of tetraphenylborate is probably due to a lowering of an intra-membrane potential energy hill, the principal barrier for transport, and not to ion-pair formation. It is concluded that organic ions that possess sufficiently lipophilic structures to mask their charged character, can pass lipid bilayers in charged form. PMID- 7254368 TI - Erythrocyte membrane stabilization by plant saponins and sapogenins. AB - Effects of saponins extracted from Bupleuri Radix (saikosaponin) and the corresponding aglycones on hypotonic or hyperthermic hemolysis were investigated. Low concentrations of saikosaponins protect or stabilize rat erythrocytes against both hypotonic and heat-induced hemolysis. Minor modifications of the aglyconic part of the saikosaponin have enormous effects on the membrane stabilizing potency. Saikogenins also protect erythrocytes from hypotonic hemolysis but do not show any prevention of heat-induced hemolysis. It is suggested that saikogenins react with erythrocyte membranes in a quite different manner from saponins and that the existence of the sugar moiety plays an important role in the reaction with membranes as does a slight modification of the molecular structure in the aglyconic part. PMID- 7254372 TI - [Food poisoning at the Eurotop Conference]. PMID- 7254371 TI - [A patient with an unusual kind of splenomegaly]. PMID- 7254373 TI - [Obstetric care and the location of delivery]. PMID- 7254374 TI - [A bacteremia epidemic caused by contaminated prednisolone-heparin ampules]. PMID- 7254375 TI - [Hospital infections with Gram-negative bacteria]. PMID- 7254376 TI - [Decreasing mortality of many operations. III. Other operations]. PMID- 7254377 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse and transient ischemic attack]. PMID- 7254378 TI - [Genetic counseling]. PMID- 7254379 TI - [Registered patients with infectious diseases in 1980]. PMID- 7254380 TI - [Facial abnormalities as a sequela of local injury to the neural crest]. PMID- 7254381 TI - [Extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the head and neck]. PMID- 7254382 TI - [Accidents in children]. PMID- 7254386 TI - [Arrhythmias in psychogeriatric patients]. PMID- 7254384 TI - [Speculum examination in gynecology]. PMID- 7254385 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis in young subjects]. PMID- 7254387 TI - [Painful movement pattern of the shoulder joint]. PMID- 7254388 TI - [2 patients poisoned with a centrally acting anticholinergic agent]. PMID- 7254383 TI - [Acute abdomen due to spontaneous rupture of a kidney pelvis]. PMID- 7254389 TI - [Visual aspects of working with display screens]. PMID- 7254390 TI - [The treatment of medial fractures of the femur neck using the Richards compression screw]. PMID- 7254393 TI - [Overdosage of beta-2-sympathomimetic inhalants]. PMID- 7254392 TI - [Medial neck fracture]. PMID- 7254394 TI - [The 5q-syndrome as a disorder of the hemopoietic system: a disorder of the bone marrow function characterized by megakaryocytes without a lobulated nucleus and an acquired deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5]. PMID- 7254391 TI - [Osteoid osteoma: an unusual cause of chronic monarthritis in 2 young patients]. PMID- 7254395 TI - [Gallbladder cancer]. PMID- 7254396 TI - [Diagnosis of malignant disorders of the extrahepatic bile ducts, peri-ampullar region and pancreas]. PMID- 7254398 TI - [Informative lessons in life]. PMID- 7254399 TI - [A diagnosis at first glance...]. PMID- 7254397 TI - [Postcoital contraception]. PMID- 7254400 TI - [Fungus infection with Trichophyton violaceum as an imported disease]. PMID- 7254401 TI - [Neurolytic block of the celiac plexus performed under roentgen control]. PMID- 7254402 TI - [Carcinoma of Vater's papilla and the duodenum]. PMID- 7254403 TI - [Radiotherapy of cancer of the bile ducts and pancreas]. PMID- 7254404 TI - [Pancreas cancer]. PMID- 7254405 TI - [Familial malignant melanomas]. PMID- 7254406 TI - [Pneumococcal sepsis after splenectomy and its prevention]. PMID- 7254407 TI - [An unexpected diagnosis in a gynecologic practice]. PMID- 7254408 TI - [Incarcerated femoral hernia]. PMID- 7254409 TI - [Assessment of carotid obstruction using oculopneumoplethysmography]. PMID- 7254411 TI - [Variegate porphyria; a family study]. PMID- 7254410 TI - [Neuropathy of the lumbosacral plexus caused by an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 7254415 TI - Prevalence of injuries in patients brought by ambulance to eleven Omaha emergency rooms. PMID- 7254413 TI - Postmastectomy breast reconstruction. PMID- 7254412 TI - [Calcified congenital aneurysm of the left ventricle in a young man]. PMID- 7254414 TI - Toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 7254416 TI - Changing PR interval in a patient with acute inferior myocardial infarction. PMID- 7254417 TI - Reflections on the increasing Cesarean section rate. PMID- 7254418 TI - Well water nitrate poisoning review: a survey in Nebraska 1973 to 1978. PMID- 7254419 TI - Frequency of caesarean section. PMID- 7254420 TI - On cesarean section. PMID- 7254421 TI - Cell surface labeling of proteins and glycoproteins of some human cultured lymphoid cells. AB - Cell surface proteins and glycoproteins of some human lymphoblastoid- and neoplastic hematopoietic cell lines were labeled by three different techniques: a) lactoperoxidase catalyzed iodination, b) galactose oxidase-tritiated sodium borohydride and c) reductive methylation of free amino groups by tritiated sodium borohydride--a modification of the technique known for the radiolabeling of soluble proteins. Electrophoretic analysis (SDS-PAGE) of labeled surface proteins and glycoproteins resulted in comparable and complementary electrophoretic patterns obtained by these three techniques. Electrophoretic patterns of studied lymphoblastoid cell lines were essentially similar, with an intensively labeled group of glycoproteins (gp44, gp31, gp24). These glycoproteins were markedly reduced on studied neoplastic cell lines. Further differences in several large proteins were observed between lymphoblastoid- and neoplastic cell lines. PMID- 7254423 TI - Specificity of non-histone proteins from hamster Kirkman-Robbins hepatoma. AB - Nuclear phosphoproteins from Syrian hamster liver and Kirkman-Robbins hepatoma were obtained by phenol method of TENG et al. and their chemical composition was investigated. Amino acid composition of phosphoproteins from both tissues resembled each other to a great extent. There was almost twice more phosphorus in the preparations from hepatoma than in the ones from liver. Using two electrophoretic techniques: SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing some differences between the examined proteins of neoplastic and normal tissue were found. Three additional fractions (molecular weights 29 000, 89 000 and 93 000, respectively) could be observed in case of hepatoma proteins in comparison with the ones from liver. The phosphoproteins of Kirkman Robbins hepatoma revealed three additional bands with isoelectric points 6.6, and 7.1. PMID- 7254422 TI - Immunological reactivity of glycoprotein antigens from human lung cancers. AB - Glycoprotein antigens were extracted with perchloric acid (PCA) from the 14 individual lung anaplastic cancers and 4 lung adenocarcinomas and their antigenic activity was compared with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) isolated from liver metastases of colon cancer. The studies were performed by double immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoassay, using the specific immune sera against PCA-extracted glycoproteins of lung anaplastic cancer (anti-80 PCA-CaLu), and also anti-CEA, anti-AFP, and anti-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein sera. The existence of at least three groups of antigens in lung cancers was demonstrated, i. e. CEA-like antigen, group antigen characteristic for most of the lung anaplastic cancers and lung adenocarcinomas non-related to CEA and antigen(s) detectable only in some of anaplastic cancers. Moreover antigen of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein reactivity was detected in all lung cancers studied. PMID- 7254424 TI - Single versus combination chemotherapy of L1210 leukemia. AB - Thirteen anticancer agents, ten dual-agent combinations and five three-drug combinations were tested for treatment of L1210 leukemia in dBA/2-J mice. Data obtained form each three-drug regimen were compared with those obtained after administration of each drug alone and each two-drug combination. Cure (greater than 60 days survival) was observed in most of animals treated with VP-16 213 and VM-26. Certain regimens produced 90-100% cure rates (cyclophosphamide plus VP-16 213 or cytosine arabinoside). Inclusion of second or third agent in the treatment schedules produced improvement, deterioration or no effect on median survival time and cure rates, depending on the choice and sequences of evaluated agents. Eighty per cent of mice inoculated even with 10(7) L1210 can be cured by administration of modified schedule of VP-16 213 plus cyclophosphamide. PMID- 7254425 TI - Cytotoxicity and the effect of combined treatment with X-rays of an anticancer 1 nitro-9-aminoacridine derivative in L5178Y-R and L5178Y-S cells. AB - The response to nitracrine, 1-nitro-9-[3'(N,N-dimethyl)aminopropyl] aminoacridine, an anticancer agent, was examined in two strains of murine lymphoma L5178Y inversely cross-sensitive to X-rays and UV light. A marked difference was found in sensitivity to the drug between L5178Y-R and L5178Y-S strain (D0 values 2.1 and 13.9 ng/ml, 3 h, 37 degrees C); survival was related to the yield of chromatid aberrations. Enhanced sensitivity of L5178Y-R cells to nitracrine as well as to UV light and an antitumor platinum complex has been ascribed to the previously found defect in post-replication repair in these cells. Combined treatment with nitracrine and X-rays under oxic conditions gave additive effects in both L5178Y strains. PMID- 7254427 TI - Nucleoli of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer and gastric ulcer. AB - Nucleoli in lymphocytes were investigated in the peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer and gastric ulcer. The number of "active lymphocytes" (lymphocytes with compact nucleoli or nucleoli with nucleolonemata as functionally dominant nucleoli) was increased in the peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer as well as gastric ulcer. In contrast, the number of "resting lymphocytes" (lymphocytes with ring shaped nucleoli as functionally dominant nucleoli which under proper conditions can be stimulated with respect to the blastic transformation) was decreased in the peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer. The decrease of these lymphocytes in number in the peripheral blood of patients suffering of gastric cancer might represent one of factors responsible for the spread of the malignant process. PMID- 7254426 TI - New potential cytotoxic and antitumor substances. III. In vitro effect of 3 benzazepine derivatives on P388 cells. AB - 3-Benzazepine derivatives manifested cytotoxic effects in in vitro tests on lympholeukemia P388 cells. The most efficient derivative (QF 1), i. e. 7,8 dihydro-3,4,12-trimetoxy-7-dimethylamino-10,11-methylenedioxy-5H-indolo [1,2 b][3]benzazepine-5-on in a concentration as low as 5 microliter/ml, considerably inhibited only the incorporation of labeled uridine into P388 cell fractions. In in vitro experiments, this substance blocked cell proliferation. After its prolonged action, the number of dead cells increased and this also when its interaction with the cells lasted but a short time--the substance being removed from the medium. In all probability, the substance retains the cells in the G1/S phase. A marked synergistic effect of tubercidine was attained in the presence of the substance. PMID- 7254428 TI - Results of radiotherapy in Hodgkin's disease. AB - An analysis was made of the results of irradiation therapy applied during the period 1965-1976 to 131 patients with Hodgkin's disease. The results of radiotherapy only of clinically positive lymphogranuloma localizations were compared with those of irradiation of both positive and negative nodes. The evaluation criteria used were the numbers of 3-year long primary remissions, 3 year long survival rates, frequency of onset and localization of relapses. Better therapeutic effects were achieved by radiotherapy as regards duration of primary remission, survival rate and frequency of relapses in originally clinically negative nodes proximate to positive nodes. However, the number of trans diaphragmatic and extralymphatic relapses did not decline. A 5-year survival rate regardless of the irradiation method and clinical stage in 131 patients (1965 1974) was attained by 70.2%. The discussion bears on problems of an optimum radiotherapy and combined radiochemotherapy, and the significance of diagnostic laparotomy in lymphogranuloma. PMID- 7254429 TI - On the problem of gastric carcinoma cluster determination. AB - In the present study the author describes a method for the determination of a limited area (group of population) for carrying out epidemiological investigations into the occurrence of gastric cancer. The area thus determined is referred to as a focus or a cluster of gastric carcinoma occurrence. These clusters are derived from the comparison of the minimum population number (N-) in which there may develop, with 99% probability, kappa cases of gastric cancer at the given incidence rate, with the actual population number. All the necessary calculations were made using specially designed tables. If the actual population (with a rural Soviet) taken as a territorial unit) was less than N- at kappa cases of the disease, the author concludes that the occurrence of the given number of the disease cases at the corresponding Soviet exceeds the limit of chance and that in such a case it would be justified to undertake detailed analytical epidemiological investigations to review the hypotheses as to the genesis of gastric carcinoma. PMID- 7254430 TI - Malignant tumors in Cuban children. Fourth triennial 1973-1975 of the national cancer registry. AB - The incidence of malignant tumors in children is not as high as that in adults, though in Cuba and other countries they are the most frequent causes of death in this age group. Data of the fourth triennial of the Registro Nacional del Cancer (Cuban Cancer Registry) in the period 1973-1975 are presented. In the age group 0 14 years, 1038 new cases were diagnosed and registered; this figure represented 2.5% of the total of tumors in the period studied; the mean annual rate was 11.3% per 100 000 population. Male patients were more frequently affected. Morbidity decreased in 0-4 year group and increased in 10-14 year group. As in the first, second and third triennials, malignant diseases as leukemia, lymphoma and tumors of the nervous system prevailed among children: these accounted for a little more than 2/3 of the total of tumors followed by tumors of the kidney and eye. PMID- 7254432 TI - Therapeutic evaluation of liposome-encapsulated Daunoblastin in murine tumor models. AB - Daunoblastin in free and liposome-encapsulated form was tested in the L1210 murine leukemia and the intramuscularly transplanted 276A sarcoma. Both therapeutic (% ILS, tumor volume inhibition) and toxicologic (leukocytes, body weight difference) parameters were evaluated. The liposome preparations showed similar therapeutic effects as the free substance but caused a lower toxicity with a lower mortality rate, higher leukocyte values and smaller body weight reduction. Longer sonication time with the output of more smaller unilamellar vesicles had no influence on the parameters in the solid model, but resulted in shorter ILS values in the L1210 model. Administration of empty liposomes immediately before liposomal Daunoblastin did not result in better antineoplastic activity but yielded higher leukocyte values. PMID- 7254431 TI - Chemical carcinogens: screening, testing, risk assessment for man. AB - Testing of chemicals for carcinogenic activities is an important part of a comprehensive toxicological test program. Screening tests (short-term tests) can be utilized as methods to select suspicious chemicals which should or must be further tested in long-term animal experiments. Up to now long-term animal bioassays, even when taking into account all limitations of evaluation and extrapolation of results to man, rank prominent in predicting carcinogenicity of a compound in man. Any substance which is shown to cause tumors in animals should be considered carcinogenic and therefore a potential hazard for man. PMID- 7254433 TI - X-irradiation and the incorporation of precursors for salvage and de novo synthesis of DNA in hepatomas and liver. AB - The effect of X-irradiation 15 Gy (1500 rad) on precursor incorporation into DNA was studied in transplanted Morris hepatomas and liver of the tumor-bearing rats. Precursors were studied which are utilized by salvage mechanisms ([3H] thymidine and [3H]deoxyuridine) or in de novo synthesis of DNA ([14C]aspartate and [14C]formate). The data suggested that salvage mechanisms are more sensitive to inhibition by X-irradiation and that DNA repair activity is greater in liver than hepatomas. PMID- 7254434 TI - The effect of repeated BCG vaccine administration associated with surgery upon the growth of lung metastases in rats with transplantable Morris 5123 hepatoma. AB - Eighty four male Buffalo rats bearing transplantable Morris 5123 hepatoma were used for the experiment. Half of the animals were given into the tumor BCG vaccine (final dose 2.2 X 10(6) living mycobacteria), the other 42 rats after BCG underwent surgical removal of the hind leg together with the tumor. Though the immunotherapy reduced the size of lung metastases of the tumor it did not, however diminish the survival rate of the animals. Multiple BCG doses associated with the surgical procedure prevented dissemination of the tumor cells and prolonged the survival of rats up to the 100th day of the follow-up. PMID- 7254435 TI - Prognostic significance of reactive changes in regional lymph nodes in cancer of the oral cavity. AB - Investigated were lymph nodes in a group of patients with spinocellular carcinoma of the oral cavity. As regards patient survival, lymphocyte predominance and sinus histiocytosis manifest prognostically the most favorable changes. A predominance of germinal follicle centers in our group of patients cannot be interpreted as indicator of an improved prognosis. Sinus histiocytosis has never been found in nodes with metastases. PMID- 7254436 TI - Evaluation of immunological reactivity on the basis of spleen white pulp morphology in patients with far advanced urological malignancy. AB - The histological alterations in the white pulp of the spleens collected from sixty-one patients who had died of widespread urological carcinomas were assessed by using a standardized reporting system previously introduced by the author. As a control material the same number of age, and sex-matched patients who had died on myocardial infarction without signs of any malignancy was used. Special attention was focused on the evaluation of the lymphocyte populations (T- and B cell areas) responsible for the immunological reactivity of the host. Morphological characteristics suggesting to reflect the activity of both the cell mediated and humoral immune responses were found to be within normal limits in the control spleens, whereas in the carcinoma series both the T- and B-cell areas showed signs at cellular depletion. The results were interpreted, although with some preservation, to suggest that some degree of impairment of both the humoral and cell-mediated immunity exists in patients dying of far advanced urological malignancies. PMID- 7254438 TI - Trends in cancer mortality in Czechoslovakia 1949-1978. AB - The analysis of the trends of the principal causes of deaths in Czechoslovakia indicated leading second position of malignant neoplasms in the whole mortality over the period 1949 through 1978. The rapidly growing all sites cancer mortality trends in males together with their unimportant changes in females resulted in the steadily increasing overmortality of males. Among digestive organs important decrease of stomach and in lesser extent also of oesophageal cancers with simultaneously increasing mortality trends of malignant neoplasms of colon, pancreas and rectum in both sexes were observed. The trends in the cancer mortality of respiratory organs as well as the increasing rates of the whole male cancer mortality were strongly influenced with dramatical increase of lung cancers while these of larynx showed slow increase in males and decrease in females. The rapidly growing mortality trends showed also breast cancer, reaching at the end of the investigated period the first position in the whole female cancer mortality, while the increasing mortality from the malignant neoplasms of the different genital and urinary organs of females were less or more expressed. The relatively high average annual increase was characteristic for the mortality trends of the malignant neoplasms of bladder and other urinary organs and of prostate gland and testis in males. Among other sites the increasing mortality trends from malignant neoplasms of brain and leukemias were of interest. PMID- 7254440 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis: a changing clinical presentation. PMID- 7254439 TI - The macrophage electrophoretic mobility assay in patients with renal cell carcinoma. AB - An antigen-induced release of a macrophage slowing factor (MSF) by peripheral blood lymphocytes was used to evaluate lymphocyte sensitization to various antigens in 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and in 14 control subjects. Sixteen of 21 patients with RCC, but no controls, were found to be sensitized to a soluble antigen prepared from an allogeneic kidney tumor by 3 M potassium chloride extraction. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from some patients with RCC displayed sensitization to protein isolates from fetal kidney (4 of 19), control "normal" kidney (4 of 21) and urinary bladder carcinoma (3 of 19) tissues. The results of macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) measurements indicate that the MEM assay may provide a means of monitoring immune responses in patients with RCC. Further studies are needed to correlate the immune response detectable by the MEM test with the patient's prognosis. PMID- 7254437 TI - Changes in skeleton, bone marrow reactivity and in immunity of patients with tumors of testis during long-term complete clinical remission. AB - A series of various tests were carried out in 19 patients treated for germinal tumors of the testis, with a long-term survival rate (7 to 28 years) in a complete clinical remission and the results compared with those of a previous investigation made 6 years earlier [3]. The tests involved: radionuclear investigation of the skeleton (85Sr--test), determination of bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline excretion, cytological examination of bone marrow, assay of serum levels of IgM, IgG and IgA as also of C3 complement, determination of the percentage and absolute number of peripheral T-lymphocytes, the test of blastic lymphocyte transformation after PHA and the skin test with DNCB. A chronic restructuralization of bone tissue (positive and suspected 85Sr-test in 74% of patients) was noted even after the relatively long time span. Likewise, an enhanced activity of bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase was found in the majority of the patients, as also nonspecific reactive changes of bone marrow in the form of total hyperplasia and hyperplasia of various cellular elements, particularly of plasmacytes, eosinophils and lymphoid reticulum. Immunological tests revealed a depressed cell-mediated immunity -- especially a significant drop in the absolute number of peripheral T lymphocytes. PMID- 7254442 TI - Nephrotic syndrome in Hodgkin's disease. Report of five cases and review of the literature. PMID- 7254441 TI - Micellar solubilization of intestinal lipids after ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in short bowel patients and healthy controls. PMID- 7254443 TI - Recurrence of phaeochromocytoma, with development of metastases. Effect of treatment with alpha-methylparatyrosine. PMID- 7254444 TI - Do thyroid hormones play a role in the treatment of obesity? PMID- 7254445 TI - Adaptation of the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes to present knowledge. PMID- 7254446 TI - Changing presentation of primary biliary cirrhosis syndrome? PMID- 7254447 TI - [Total venous autograft of the superior longitudinal sinus. Experimental study in the dog (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe an original technique for the total replacement of a segment of the superior sagittal sinus in the dog. The graft, by its venous structure lined with a dural wall and by its triangular shape ensured through a certain tension, is close to the anatomical aspect. The authors use an autogenous vein graft. The latter is kept open by a wide suture to a fragment of dura which is fastened to the falx and to the dura of the vault. This fragment forms a "V" gutter in which lies the venous graft, thus protected from post-operative brain oedema. After suturing, a first sinusography is done, and a second one between the 7th and the 15th post-operative day. A study is thus made of the permeability of the graft. This permeability depends on the quality of the sutures and on the reconstruction of the dural wall of the sinus. Twenty operations have been carried out using various techniques. With the technique described, there were 11 permeable sinuses for 11 operations shown by the first sinusography. On second sinusography, 8 sinuses in 11 remained permeable. PMID- 7254448 TI - [Management of anterior fossa fractures. About a series of 1 254 cases from 11 200 head injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254449 TI - [Problems of technique and operative tactics in cranio-facial trauma. 229 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The main difficulty in diagnosis and treatment of fronto-basal skull fractures can be said in two propositions: --On the one hand owing to the fact that diagnosis of cerebro-spinal fistula is sometimes difficult; --on the other hand because therapeutic require intervention of several surgical teams. An anatomo pathological classification should take into considerations the point of frontal impact which is: medio-facial, medio-cranio-facial, latero-cranio-facial and it sagittal outcome which is: frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal. Surgical indication whether meet urgent character or respond to clinical and radiological facts (rhinorrhea, pneumocephalus, meningitis, radiological suspicion of osteo meningeal break). Surgical treatment will envisage primary and complete repair of neuro-surgical and maxillo-facial injuries. PMID- 7254451 TI - [Night sleep disorders during recovery of severe head injuries (author's transl)]. AB - In 16 young (15 to 25 years) patients, sleep recordings have been performed one month (group T1, 10 cases) or 6 months (group T6,6 cases) after recovery of consciousness following severe head injury. Group T1 can be divided in two subgroups according to clinical and EEG datas: T1A (4 cases) with long duration of coma (15 to 40 days) and low level of brain stem dysfunction (diencephalic). In group T6 every duration of coma and level of dysfunction are present. Percentage of intrasleep wakefulness and number of awakenings are very increased in group T1A (31,5% and 24); these datas are less increased in group T1B (10,1% and 19) and T6 (11.8% and 19). Percentage of REM sleep is very low in group T1A (9,57%) and T1B (12,65%) because of short duration of each phase. In group T6 REM sleep is close to control subjects (16,15% and 20,52%). These results are compared to those reported in normal or insomniac subjects of same age or much older. They are very similar to sleep perturbations observed in elderly (70 years) but normal people. This may evoke an early ageing of brain stem structures involved in organization of wakefulness-sleep rhythm and REM sleep. PMID- 7254452 TI - [Pineal body region tumours. Report on results in 72 cases and therapeutic perspectives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254450 TI - [Post-contusional obstructions of the internal carotid. 46 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Thanks to analysis of 46 observations and the review of the literature, the authors enumerate the main physiopathological mechanisms of this uncommon entity with its ambiguous clinical aspects and it too often severe evolution. They bring some new elements of the prognosis and emphasize the necessity of a rational utilization of neuroradiological investigations in order to avoid some diagnostic traps and purpose the better treatment of which indications are analysed and censured. Extra-intracranial by-pass represents a new therapeutic advance which will perhaps improve the prognosis of this condition. PMID- 7254453 TI - [Subdural or sub-arachnoid pericerebral effusions in the infant with subdural or subarachnoid localisation (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-seven "subdural" effusions in infants were treated, according to our previously suggested method: a simple external drainage, followed ater one week by an internal peritoneal shunt, if the effusion did not dry up by this time. Daily electrophoresis of the fluid obtained by external drainage has been performed in 20 cases, either until the disappearance of the effusion or until the peritoneal shunting after 7 days. In 8 persistent and in 5 rapidly disappearing effusions, cerebro-spinal fluid was immediately present or appeared during the first week, simultaneously with a lowering of the total protein content. In the other 7 rapidly disappearing effusions, the protein content remained high and a conspicuous plasmatic transsudation was disclosed; the possibility that cerebro-spinal fluid could be present even in some of those last cases is discussed. The fact that some effusions display, from the onset, the characteristics of cerebro-spinal fluid, leads to the question of their subarachnoid rather than subdural localisation. For this reason, we prefer to use the less committed denomination of pericerebral effusions, in which we may distinguish subdural effusions, with or without cerebro-spinal fluid, and subarachnoid effusions. Nevertheless, it is not always easy to establish the pathogenic character of an effusion revealed by CT-scan. Pressure measurements by fontanometry appear to be a useful examination for that purpose. PMID- 7254455 TI - [Contribution of arteriography to the investigation of peripheral nerve tumours (author's transl)]. AB - Based on their personal experience of the use of arteriography in 11 patients, the authors describe the angiographic appearances of both benign and malignant peripheral nerve tumours. They emphasise the reasons for errors, and the criteria enabling the precise nature of the lesion to be determined pre-operatively in the majority of cases. Other contributions supplied by angiography are discussed. PMID- 7254454 TI - [Disabling segmental occlusion of the vertebral artery. Surgical treatment using a venous by pass from the external carotid to the C1-C2 portion if the vertebral artery (2 cases) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the cases of two patients who were severely disabled due to signs and symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency caused by unilateral segmental occlusion of one vertebral artery. The patency of the occluded vertebral artery beyond C3 was demonstrated by a faint angiographic injection through anastomic ascending cervical arteries which provided insufficient blood supply. The opposite vertebral artery was abnormal in both cases: a proximal kinking with intracranial atheromatous stenosis in the first and an atheromatous ostial stenosis in the second one. A venous by pass from the external carotid artery (end to end anastomosis) to the C1-C2 portion of the vertebral artery (en to side anastomosis) was performed through an incision from the tip of the mastoid process along the S.C.M. the division of which was unnecessary. Post operatively the signs and symptoms disappeared immediately. The stability of this result is attested by a follow up period of 13 months in the first case and 9 months in the second one. A control angiogram demonstrated a good supply to the vertebro-basilar system through the bypass, the excellent permeability of which was further confirmed by repeated Doppler ultrasound examinations. The indication of this technique is discussed. PMID- 7254457 TI - Prenatal alcohol exposure: current issues and the status of animal research. AB - Animal studies of the tetratogenicity of alcohol have proliferated during the past few years. The purpose of this state-of-the-art is to overview some of the issues that the researchers have studied, to address methodological problems inherent in studies in this area, and to suggest directions for future research. PMID- 7254456 TI - [Immediate effects of intravenous acetazolamide on intracranial pressure (author's transl)]. AB - Nineteen patients with hydrocephalus or head injury were subjected to a continuous intraventricular pressure monitoring and received acetazolamide. Seven mg per Kg body-weight were infused intravenously in one minute. Three patterns of reactions were recorded: 1. a sharp and large rise in cerebrospinal fluid pressure 2. a moderate rise 3. no significant change in C.S.F. pressure. The mechanisms of these responses are investigated: metabolic CO2, which is normally converted rapidly to HCO3- through mediation of carbonic anhydrase within erythrocytes, builds up to produce an immediate effect of cerebral vasodilatation and increases C.S.F. pressure of patients with disturbed compensatory mechanisms. Intravenous acetazolamide may be used as a functional test in patients with ventricular enlargement and normal intracranial pressure. This technique provides useful data about the remaining compensatory capacity for further increases in intracranial volume. PMID- 7254460 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. PMID- 7254458 TI - Tetratological evaluation of mouse fetuses after paternal alcohol ingestion. AB - Numerous studies have appeared in the literature which suggest that paternal alcohol consumption may have adverse effects on subsequent offspring. However, to date, no teratologic examination has been performed on fetuses conceived subsequent to paternal alcohol consumption. The present study has examined fetuses conceived by alcohol-treated male Swiss webster mice for gross anatomical congenital defects in an attempt to evaluate a possible mechanism for decreased viability of offspring sired by alcoholic males. Sexually mature males were maintained for 28 days on a total liquid nutriment diet in which alcohol (6.3%, v/v, U.S.P. ethanol) comprised 32% of the caloric content. Subsequently, the animals were mated with nulliparous females. On day 18 of gestation, the gravid females were sacrificed and the fetuses were examined for congenital defects. Only 14% of the matings which occurred 3--5 days after alcohol treatment resulted in pregnancy, as compared to a pregnancy rate of 100% for matings from pair-fed controls during the same period. Fetuses sired by alcohol-treated males during this time had reduced birth weights (0.85 +/- 0.04 g vs 0.92 +/- 0.11 g;p = 0.059) and crown-rump lengths (1.83 +/- 0.06 cm vs 1.99 +/- 0.11 cm;p less than 0.001) as compared to control fetuses. The frequency of congenital defects did not differ significantly between the experimental and control groups. No significant differences were noted between experimental and control progeny conceived more than 5 days after alcohol treatment. These results suggest that although some changes may be seen in progeny sired by alcohol treated males, the specific anomalies associated with the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome are most probably not due to paternal alcoholism. PMID- 7254463 TI - Behavioral correlates of prenatal alcohol exposure: a four-year follow-up study. AB - This prospective study examined long-term behavioral characteristics of children whose mothers drank alcohol and/or smoked cigarettes during pregnancy, compared to matched controls. Maternal habits had been assessed by interview during pregnancy; alcoholics and alcohol abusers were not included in this study. Primary outcome measures were naturalistic observations of children's behavior at age 4 in the home setting. Offspring of moderate drinkers (mean = 0.45 oz. absolute alcohol/day during pregnancy) generally were less attentive, less compliant with parental commands, and more fidgety during mealtime than were offspring of occasional and non-drinkers (mean = 0.07 oz. absolute alcohol/day during pregnancy). During storytime, an interaction of maternal drinking and child's sex occurred. The postnatal home environments did not differ as a function of maternal drinking or smoking habits. PMID- 7254459 TI - A subhuman primate model for fetal alcohol syndrome research. AB - The object of this project was to develop and evaluate new methods for the establishment of a subhuman primate model (SPM) of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Adult Rhesus monkeys (5.5--16.0 kg) were used as subjects. All were proven breeders and all matings in this project were repeats of matings that had previously produced normal offspring. The animals received alcohol (ALC) via permanently implanted intragastric cannulae (IGC) at doses to establish blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) within 2 selected ranges. Initially the high dose group received ALC doses designed to maintain BAC of approximately 150 mg/100 ml, and the other at 75--100 mg/100 ml. Daily ad lib food intake was monitored. The animals received infusions of liquid diet through the IGC so that their daily intake of balanced calories was 110% of the minimum daily requirements. The overall experimental design of this study called for each animal to have on ALC exposed pregnancy, serve as a pair-fed control for its own ALC exposed pregnancy and serve as a pair-fed control for a different animal. The preliminary results indicate that the IGC was suitable for use in pregnant rhesus monkeys. Two animals that were receiving ALC at doses and schedules to maintain the BAC above 150 mg/100 ml aborted during the first trimester of their pregnancies. No abortions have been observed in animals receiving either control diets or lower doses of ALC. In summary, this preliminary study demonstrates that it is feasible to use an IGC as a method for maintaining precise control over a pregnant Rhesus monkey's ALC exposure and nutritional status and thereby establish a SPM of FAS that meets critical control criteria. PMID- 7254462 TI - Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and newborn outcome: a study in Brazil. AB - Neonates born to mothers of low socioeconomic status were examined to assess the intrauterine effects of alcohol. Mothers' alcohol use during pregnancy ranged from abstention to heavy drinking. The newborns were randomly selected and examined without knowledge of the drinking history of the mothers. Likewise, the mothers' interviewers had no information about the clinical condition of the infants. Anthropometric measures showed the nutritional states of the mothers to be uniformly distributed among those mothers graded from abstainers (grade 0) to heavy drinkers (grade IV). Six of the neonates born to 26 heavy drinkers, four born to 103 mothers graded as I, II and III drinkers and 3 born to 50 abstainers were considered to show signs of prenatal effects of alcohol, characterized by small size (weight and/or height) for gestational age, microcephaly and short palpebral fissures. The number of such infants was significantly greater among the neonates born to heavy drinking mothers. PMID- 7254461 TI - Epidemiologic and experimental studies in drinking and pregnancy: the state of the art. AB - Epidemiologic and experimental studies of the consequences of maternal drinking during pregnancy confirm reports that alcohol in high doses is teratogenic. Alcohol consumed in lower doses has been correlated with intrauterine growth retardation, increased risk of anomalies, behavioral decrements in infants and children, and increased risk of fetal wastage. While evidence linking these effects to moderate levels of alcohol use is growing, there is little agreement on the actual dose at which risks begin, due to the questionable validity of self reported consumption. Many of the subtle effects correlated with lower amounts of alcohol--growth retardation, minor anomalies, and behavioral alterations--are the same effects that occur in severe degree with high amounts. Thus a dose-response curve may be emerging, although its existence must be substantiated by further studies. PMID- 7254464 TI - Maternal alcohol consumption and newborn assessment: methodology of the Boston City Hospital prospective study. AB - This paper describes the methods of the Maternal Health and Child Development of Project at the Boston City Hospital which explored the impact of maternal drinking prior to and during pregnancy on fetal development. Between February 1977 and October 1979, of 3222 women who delivered single infants, 1690 were interviewed in hospital after delivery and their babies examined by a pediatrician who was unaware of the interview results. The 1690 mother-infant pairs of whom both interview and exam are available did not systematically differ from the 272 for whom the interview only or 824 for whom the exam only was conducted. Interviews were also collected prenatally in the Boston City Hospital's Women's Clinic, from 470 women whose infants were examined. Maternal and infant characteristics are described. Heavy drinkers were much more likely to smoke cigarettes and to have used psychoactive drugs than lighter drinkers. Heavy drinkers also differed from non-heavy drinkers on several other factors which may influence fetal development. PMID- 7254465 TI - The Cleveland NIAAA prospective alcohol-in-pregnancy study: the first year. AB - Data from 2,913 antepartum gravidas screened for alcohol problems during the first year of a large prospective study designed to relate antenatal drinking behavior to infant outcome have been analyzed. The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) appears to separate two populations of pregnant patients. Differences between positive and negative MAST responders indicate variables, such as ethnicity, previous pregnancies, nutrition and cigarette smoking, which will require control when infant outcome data are evaluated. Positive MAST responders were found to be more likely to drink alcohol, to drink greater volumes and to drink more frequently than matched negative responders. They obtained a smaller proportion of their alcohol intake from wine and were more likely to drink a combination of beer, wine and/or liquor than the negative responders. The positive responders significantly decreased their alcohol intake as pregnancy progressed, while negative responders did not, suggesting the possibility that abstinence oriented therapy may be helpful. Problems with quantitating alcohol intake by humans and strategies for separating chronic and acute alcohol effects are discussed. PMID- 7254467 TI - The Seattle longitudinal prospective study on alcohol and pregnancy. AB - An unselected sample of 1529 women (predominantly white, married, and middle class) were interviewed during pregnancy regarding their use of alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, drugs, and other variables. Subsets of offspring were examined to assess the relationship of self-reported maternal alcohol use to infant health and development. Multiple regression statistical tests were utilized to permit adjustment for other possibly confounding factors. The following are among those outcomes significantly related to increase maternal alcohol use after adjusting for smoking and other variables: smaller infant size (birth weight, length and head circumference); lower Apgar scores; poorer neonatal habituation; decreased sucking pressure; increased tremulousness and head-turns-to-left; decreased vigorous activity; and a higher frequency of minor dysmorphic characteristics combined with low birth weight and microcephaly. A drinking by smoking interaction was related to poorer newborn conditioning in two separate studies. Significantly lower mental and motor development and lower length and weight were found on follow-up of 468 infants at age 8 months. Follow up studies continue. PMID- 7254466 TI - Patterns of alcohol and cigarette use in pregnancy. AB - Maternal smoking and drinking have been implicated as factors in the adverse outcome of pregnancies. This California study of over 12,000 women demonstrates that a large proportion of them smoke or drink during pregnancy. Drinking habits appear to be associated with age, ethnicity, martial status, income, education, church attendance, and prenatal care, but not with gestational age, breast feeding, or self-reported health. Smoking shows associations with income and education. Drinking and smoking are closely interrelated, showing strikingly parallel associations with such factors as use of caffeine or illicit drugs. Subgroups of pregnant women who exhibit difference drinking habits were found not comparable on certain other characteristics which potentially influence the health of neonates. The importance is reemphasized of utilizing large populations, adjusting for confounding variables, and paying particular attention to smoking habits. Forthcoming multivariate analyses of the data set should disentangle effects of the confounding variables. PMID- 7254468 TI - [Progress in heterozygote detection in muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 7254469 TI - [Post-traumatic hematoma of the posterior cranial fossa in a 4-year-old boy with hemophilia A]. AB - A case of a rare post-traumatic complication of haemophilia A is reported. Similarly as other authors an atypical clinical course and growing internal hydrocephalus were observed in the present case. Haemorrhagic diathesis prolonged only the period of healing of the surgical wound. PMID- 7254470 TI - [Surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations of branches of the external carotid artery]. AB - The authors report two cases of rarely observed arteriovenous malformations of the external carotid artery treated surgically. The diagnostic problems and own observations and methods of surgical treatment of these malformations are discussed. PMID- 7254472 TI - [Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (ophthalmoplegia dolorosa recurrens)]. AB - On the basis of clinical manifestations and results of angiographic and phlebographic investigations the author discusses the symptoms of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. Angiographic findings, that is narrowing and uneven contour of vascular lumen in the internal carotid artery siphon as a result of infiltration of the arterial wall occur in early stage of the disease and are not observed in the patients in whom angiography is done after several weeks of the disease. The author stresses as a very characteristic feature of the syndrome rapid regression of symptoms, especially pain, after introduction of steroid therapy. PMID- 7254471 TI - [Selected clinical problems in Guillain-Barre syndrome]. AB - The dynamics of neurological changes was analysed in 34 cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome from the standpoint of the influence of selected factors on late effects of the disease. The level of CSF protein at the time of maximal intensity of the symptoms reflected the dynamics of the disease, but had no prognostic importance. The duration of the acute phase had an effect on late results but was modified by treatment with steroids. On the basis of partial correlations of the studied material it was found that the higher was the dose of steroids given in the acute phase of the disease the lower was the degree of permanent damage to the peripheral nervous system. This suggests that the most effective method was administration of steroids in high daily doses and the duration of this treatment should be made dependent on the course and the intensity of the acute phase in a given case. PMID- 7254474 TI - [Selected pathogenetic factors in Horton's headache]. PMID- 7254473 TI - [Intracranial pressure instability index as a new method of evaluating the capacity of intracranial volume compensation]. AB - An index of intracranial pressure instability is calculated as a new way to evaluate the capacity of intracranial voluminal compensation in patients suffering from cranio-cerebral trauma. The value of the index is determined by mutual relations of intracranial pressure standard deviations measured during 3 minute periods before and after intracranial administration of 2 ml of 0.9% NaCl. Normal physiological range of the index was evaluated in controls without intracranial pathology. PMID- 7254475 TI - [Ischemic test in the study of the median nerve function under normal and pathological conditions]. PMID- 7254476 TI - [Atypical course of tuberculous meningitis in old age; remarks on the observed case]. AB - A case of tuberculous meningoencephalitis is described in an elderly patient diagnosed clinically and on gross inspection on autopsy as cerebral stroke. The factors making correct diagnosis difficult are discussed stressing the importance of microscopic examination in the epidemiology of tuberculous meningoencephalitis in adults. PMID- 7254477 TI - Distribution of estrogen-concentrating, neurophysin-containing magnocellular neurons in the rat hypothalamus as demonstrated by a technique combining steroid autoradiography and immunohistology in the same tissue. AB - The distribution of estrogen-concentrating cells in the rat brain has been previously described in detail as has the distribution of cells containing oxytocin, vasopressin, and their associated neurophysins. This report describes the simultaneous localization of [3H]estradiol by steroid autoradiography and neurophysin by immunohistology in cells in the rat hypothalamus. In the rat, neurophysin-containing cells were found in three major nuclei - the supraoptic nucleus, the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the anterior commissural nucleus - as well as in a number of accessory nuclei and as individual cells in the anterior hypothalamic area. Of these, only the PVN has appreciable numbers of cells which both concentrate estradiol and contain neurophysin. Within the PVN these cells are found predominantly in the posterior subnucleus. PMID- 7254478 TI - Spontaneous and melatonin-induced testicular regression in male golden hamsters: augmented sensitivity of the old male to melatonin inhibition. AB - Effects of aging and melatonin on testicular function of golden male hamsters were investigated. Young (3-4 months) and old (22-26 months) male hamsters were maintained on a long photoperiod (14 h light, 10 h dark) and injected with graded doses of 10, 25, 50 microgram melatonin or injection vehicle, at 17:00 h (3 h before lights off) for a period of 6 weeks. Old male hamsters had significantly decreased testicular weights as compared with the young counterparts, but accessory sex organ (seminal vesicles and accessory glands) weights did not differ between young and old male hamsters. All doses of melatonin suppressed testicular and accessory sex organ weights in the young as well as in the old animals. The percent decrease in testicular weight in response to melatonin treatment was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) in the old than in the young hamsters. Basal plasma prolactin concentration did not differ between young and old male hamsters. Melatonin significantly decreased plasma prolactin concentrations in both age-groups. Young hamsters had greater mean plasma luteinizing hormone concentrations than old hamsters, and melatonin suppressed luteinizing hormone equally in both groups. These results indicate that the testes of the male hamster spontaneously regress during the aging process, and this may be independent of prolactin, since there was no difference in serum prolactin concentrations between young and old hamsters. The finding that melatonin injections brought about a greater percent decrease in testicular weight in the old than in the young hamsters suggests that there is an increased sensitivity of the reproductive system to melatonin inhibition in the old male hamster. PMID- 7254479 TI - Effect of intrahypothalamic implantation of cortisone acetate on the onset of circadian corticosterone rhythm in neonatal female rats. AB - Subcutaneous administration of corticosteroids to neonatal rats has been reported to delay the onset of the circadian corticosterone rhythm. Micropellets of a cortisone acetate(CA)-paraffin mixture or paraffin alone were implanted intrahypothalamically or subcutaneously in 2-day-old female rats. 24- or 48-hour patterns of blood corticosterone were obtained serially in individual rats at 21, 28, 35, 56 and 120 days of age. Sham(paraffin)-implanted rats and those bearing CA pellets subcutaneously showed a well-defined circadian corticosterone rhythm at day 28. CA implantation into the anterior hypothalamus, however, caused a delay in the onset of the circadian corticosterone rhythm by 1 week together with a diminished amplitude. In rats with CA pellets in the medial basal hypothalamus, the corticosterone rhythm was not fully established even on day 56, but was evident in most animals on day 120. It is suggested that neonatal CA treatment exerts its effect by inhibiting the maturation of the efferent neural pathways carrying circadian signals from the suprachiasmatic nuclei. PMID- 7254480 TI - Phase relation between episodic fluctuations of spontaneous locomotor activity and plasma corticosterone in rats with suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions. AB - Phase relation between plasma corticosterone and locomotor activity rhythms was analyzed in individual rats with selective lesions of suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). SCN in Wistar male rats were selectively coagulated electrically and the extent of SCN destruction was examined histologically. Spontaneous locomotor activity was monitored on an Animex and blood samples were simultaneously taken from the cut end of the tail vein or through a catheter which had been implanted into the right jugular vein. Plasma corticosterone was determined by a competitive protein binding assay. After the SCN lesion, both locomotor activity and plasma corticosterone lost a circadian rhythmicity and decomposed into ultradian components. Both least squares and periodogram analyses of the ultradian components of locomotor activity revealed the presence of a burst component of about 1-2 h duration. In addition, episodic fluctuations of plasma corticosterone were closely correlated with those of locomotor activity (r = 0.755, p less than 0.001). The findings suggest the existence of a phase-locking mechanism between ultradian components of both functions in the absence of SCN function. PMID- 7254481 TI - Alexander disease: clinical, electrodiagnostic and radiographic studies. AB - A 10-month-old boy with Alexander disease is described. He was clinically characterized by early onset of megalencephaly, psychomotor retardation, spasticity and recurrent seizure attacks. Pathological examination of the biopsied cerebrum revealed a large number of Rosenthal fibers in the white matter and beneath the pia in association with advanced demyelination. The motor nerve conduction velocity was remarkably delayed, suggesting a possible change of the peripheral nerve. The computerized tomography demonstrated megalencephaly and bilateral symmetrical low density areas in the cerebral white matter, particularly in the frontal region. The preferential involvement of frontal lobes was also confirmed by electroencephalogram and brain scan. The preferential damage of the frontal region in the early stage of the disease may be an important clue to a diagnosis of Alexander disease by computerized tomography, brain scan and electroencephalogram. PMID- 7254483 TI - Multiple sclerosis with onset in a two-year old boy. PMID- 7254482 TI - Visual evoked potentials, auditory evoked potentials and EEG in shunted hydrocephalic children. AB - Visual evoked potentials (VEP) and auditory evoked potentials (AEP) were studied together with the EEG, in 15 hydrocephalic children who had been shunted previously, and in a control group of 10 normal children. From the control group normal VEP's, AEP's and EEG's were obtained. In all 15 hydrocephalic children the EEG was abnormal. AEP's were normal in 9 and abnormal in 6 cases. VEP's were normal in 7 and abnormal in 8 cases. Only 4 patients showed both abnormal VEP's and AEP's. No relation could be demonstrated between the severity of EEG disturbances and evoked response abnormalities. PMID- 7254485 TI - Febrile convulsions. To treat or not to treat. PMID- 7254486 TI - Intrinsic analgesic activity of human beta lipotropin in rats: comparison with other opioid peptides. PMID- 7254484 TI - Dynamometric and biochemical observations in Duchenne patients receiving allopurinol. PMID- 7254487 TI - Isolation and identification of an analgesic opioid dipeptide kyotorphin (Tyr Arg) from bovine brain. PMID- 7254488 TI - Effects of dopaminergic and adrenergic blockade on amphetamine-induced extravasation of protein into the brain of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7254489 TI - Diphenylhydantoin potentiates the protective effect of diazepam against pentylenetetrazol but not against bicuculline and isoniazid-induced seizures in mice. PMID- 7254490 TI - Comparison between ethanol-induced and slow-wave sleep synchronous EEG activity utilizing spectral analysis. PMID- 7254491 TI - The in vitro iontophoretic release of radiolabelled histamine, N'-methylhistamine and GABA from 7-barrelled glass micropipettes. PMID- 7254497 TI - Phonemic and lexical errors in fluent aphasia: correlation with lesion site. PMID- 7254495 TI - [Failure in school in Guadeloupe (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254492 TI - [Evolution of exchanges among children during the first two years of life (a study carried out in a day nursery) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254494 TI - [Reflexions about adoption of older children. Difficulties of identity quest (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254493 TI - [Trichotillomania in the very young child. A report of four cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254496 TI - Selective musical processing deficits in brain damaged populations. PMID- 7254498 TI - Unimanual tactile anomia consequent to corpus callosotomy: reduction of anomic deficit under hypnosis. PMID- 7254499 TI - Production and comprehension of prepositions in aphasia. PMID- 7254500 TI - Retention deficits after combined amygdalo-hippocampal and selective hippocampal resections in the monkey. PMID- 7254501 TI - Laterality effects in response to offsets of tonal stimuli. PMID- 7254503 TI - Monotic and dichotic fusion thresholds in patients with unilateral subcortical lesions. PMID- 7254506 TI - Intra-familial learning is only a minor factor in manifest handedness. PMID- 7254505 TI - Perception and expression of emotion in right-handers and left-handers. PMID- 7254502 TI - Dichotic ear difference is a poor index for the functional asymmetry between the cerebral hemispheres. PMID- 7254504 TI - Laterality and recency effects in working memory. PMID- 7254508 TI - The psychological test pattern in progressive supranuclear palsy. PMID- 7254507 TI - Cross-modal matching in monkeys: altered visual cues and delay. PMID- 7254510 TI - Pure agraphia: a case study. PMID- 7254509 TI - Lateral symmetry of auditory attention in hemispherectomized patients. PMID- 7254512 TI - On the theory and measurement of laterality. PMID- 7254511 TI - [Left hemi-field neglect in visuo-constructional tests (effect of spatial complexity and the method of compensation)]. PMID- 7254513 TI - Finer temporal acuity for stimuli applied to the preferred hand. PMID- 7254515 TI - Radiological differentiation of intrasellar aneurysms from pituitary tumours. AB - The changes produced by aneurysms which project into the pituitary fossa as seen on plain films and radiological investigations have been reviewed and then compared with those caused by pituitary tumours. Erosion of the lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus and a filling defect within the cavernous sinus were features seen only in the aneurysm cases. A widened superior orbital fissure, non-filling of cavernous sinus (especially with a normal contralateral sinus), and, on Ct, unilateral sellar erosion, calcification and eccentric (in relation to sella) circular attenuation on enhanced scan, were more commonly associated with aneurysms. A completely eroded area of bone, a completely eroded fossa, a soft tissue opacity in the sphenoid sinus, bilateral displacement of the cavernous sinuses and, on CT, general enlargement of the fossa were seen only with cases of pituitary tumour. Abnormalities pointing to the presence of an aneurysm were seen in every case in which one was present. Our view suggests that innocuous techniques will demonstrate the presence of a vascular anomaly in the pituitary fossa and validates the policy in this Institute of relying on these measures and of dispensing with routine angiography as a preliminary to transsphenoidal hypophysectomy or microadenomectomy. PMID- 7254517 TI - Meningioma in the tela choroidea of the third ventricle: CT and angiographic correlations. AB - A meningioma of the tela choroidea of the third ventricle is rare. CT and detailed analysis of angiographic findings in such a case are presented. Ct facilitated the detection of rough location of the tumor and the prediction of its histological features. Carotid and vertebral angiographies were utilized in detailing the three-dimensional, gross anatomical relationship between tumor and the surrounding brain structures. Vertebral angiography also contributed to predicting the histology of the tumor. PMID- 7254518 TI - Laterally situated sinus pericranii. Report of two cases with marked diploic veins. AB - Sinus pericranii has been reported to be situated usually along the midline. Two cases of laterally situated sinus pericranii are presented. Venous blood was obtained of contrast medium into the tumors demonstrated a communication between the tumors and the intracranial venous sinuses through marked diploic veins. PMID- 7254514 TI - CSF circulation in subjects with the empty sella syndrome. AB - The etiology to the empty sella syndrome (ESS) is not known. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) has been suggested to be one of the possible causes. In the present study the CSF circulation was analyzed in 48 subjects with ESS with gamma cisternography, pneumoencephalography (PEG) and computed tomography (CT). In 80% of the subjects the CSF circulation was retarded with convexity block which was combined with widened CSF transport pathways and basal cisterns. These findings were correlated with the clinical signs and symptoms, most of which seemed to be related to the imparied CSF circulation (i.e. impared memory, balance disturbances, cerebellar ataxia, papilledema, hypertension and pituitary disorders). Headache, psychiatric symptoms, visual field defects and obesity, however, were not related to the impaired CSF circulation. It is concluded that impaired CSF dynamics leading to intermittent increase of ICP has a major impact on the development of the ESS and that most of the patients' complaints are related to this disturbance. Thus it is important to obtain information of the CSF dynamics concurrent with the diagnosis of ESS. For this purpose PEG or CT may be used as the first examination. Moreover, the patient should be examined at least every second year for symptoms and signs of progressive impairments of the CSF circulation. PMID- 7254516 TI - Comparison of CVA imaging with 99mTc phosphates, 99mTc pertechnetate, and computed tomography. AB - A retrospective study was made of 111 patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) and nuclear brain scans, with both pertechnetate and phosphate bone agents (PHOS), within 7 days of each other. Specifically, 78 patients who had a recent cerebral vascular accident (CVA) were compared. There were no significant sensitivity differences between the methods. While these studies appear complementary, the most important criterion is the time after onset when the studies were performed. The axiom "if the intensity of the phosphate scan exceeds that of the pertechnetate, the lesion must be a CVA" is true, only if the study is performed within 4 weeks of onset. The most economical method for optimum detection of CVA, with avoidance of frequent errors, is an early CT followed by a PHOS brain scan about 14 days after ictus in those that have initial negative CT. PMID- 7254521 TI - Effect of gamma-butyrolactone on cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. PMID- 7254520 TI - Effect of anoxia on brain polysomes. PMID- 7254519 TI - CT findings in a case of neonatal acute subdural hematoma. AB - The CT findings in a case of neonatal acute subdural hematoma are presented. CT demonstrated a crescentic high density area in the subdural space over the left cerebral hemisphere and an oval high density area in the left occipital region. The latter was suspected of being an intracerebral hematoma. Emergency craniotomy revealed that the high density area was due to a subdural hematoma between the occipital lobe and the tentorium cerebelli. PMID- 7254523 TI - Further studies of active segments of pial microvessels controlling microcirculation of the cerebral cortex. PMID- 7254522 TI - Changes in mechanical properties of brain tissue as factor of brain edema development. PMID- 7254524 TI - Effect of postischemic blood recirculation on the ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex. PMID- 7254527 TI - Block preparation for ultramicrotomy enabling location and photography of features, alignment of a section plane and mesa production. PMID- 7254528 TI - [On the homology of the viscin threads in angiosperms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254525 TI - Permeability of cerebral vessels to horseradish peroxidase in Mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) after unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery. I. Early changes. PMID- 7254526 TI - Permeability of cerebral vessels for horseradish peroxidase in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) after unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery. II. Comparison of early and late changes. PMID- 7254529 TI - [Exstirpation of the prothoracic glands in larvae of the gall midge Heteropeza pygmaea (Insecta, Cecidomyiidae) by a laser microbeam (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254530 TI - [Ultrastructural study of muscle microcirculation in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7254531 TI - [Correlation between changes in myocardial contraction and the level of circulating hormones in hypothyroid patients. Modifications during substitution therapy]. PMID- 7254532 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of hemodialysis. Post-dialytic changes in systolic time intervals]. PMID- 7254534 TI - [Electrocardiographic problems in patients with pacemakers. II. The follow-up]. PMID- 7254533 TI - [Intraventricular conduction disorders in acute myocardial infarct. II. Late mortality]. PMID- 7254535 TI - [Left ventricular aneurysms. Surgical treatment and results]. PMID- 7254537 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus with double ligation]. PMID- 7254536 TI - [Anastomotic pseudo-aneurysms]. PMID- 7254538 TI - [Our experience in the therapy of lymphedema of the extremities. Acquisitions and trends]. PMID- 7254541 TI - [Segmental atheromatous stenosis of the aorta]. PMID- 7254539 TI - [Hypertensive crisis caused by oral administration of sulpiride]. PMID- 7254540 TI - [Acetyl carnitine in the prevention of arrhythmic complications in acute myocardial infarct. Preliminary results]. PMID- 7254542 TI - [Arterial hypertension. I]. PMID- 7254543 TI - [Endoscopic treatment of cicatricial and neoplastic esophageal stenosis]. AB - Eder Puestow's dilatation technique in association with fiberendoscopy was used in ten patients with oesophageal scar stricture and in fifteen patients with oesophageal neoplastic stricture. In ten of the latter patients an endoesophageal prosthesis was endoscopically inserted by Nottingham's method. In describing the methods and results obtained the authors stress the absolute reliability and advantages offered by such techniques. PMID- 7254544 TI - [Cancer of the kidney. Natural history and therapeutic problems]. AB - Radical nephrectomy with initial ligation of the renal artery and removal en bloc of the perirenal fat and lumboaortic lymphadenectomy was carried out according to the technique of Robson (1969) in 10 cases at the University of Parma 1st Surgical Clinic between 1976 and 1978. The usefulness and superiority of the technique were demonstrated in this albeit small series, which included four stage I, two stage II, one stage III, and four stage IV patients, according to the classification of Flocks et al. Supplementary antiblastic and/or hormonal treatment was given, except in stage I cases. 1.4 mg/m2 Velbe i.v. (1st day) followed by 80 mg/m2 BCNU i.v. (2nd, 3rd, 4th days) was of no avail, whereas progesterone (Depot-provera 200-500 mg/day for 1-3 months) and testosterone propionate (300 mg/week) still seem to be effective. Improvements in this oncological sector, however, are geared to the outcome of radical nephrectomy. PMID- 7254545 TI - [Cefoxitin in emergency surgery]. AB - In basic pharmacological studies, sodium cefoxitin has proved to possess the following features: a broad action spectrum, resistance to bacterial beta lactamase, activity against anaerobic species, rapid distribution, rapid serum and bile concentration, rapid, elevated excretion in the urine in active form, and low local and general toxicity. Patients in an Emergency Surgery Department often present the following conditions: highly compromised general situation, serious, often polymicrobic sepsis with aerobic and anaerobic flora, prior treatment without result with various cycles of chemo-antibiotic treatment. The theoretical conditions therefore exist to assess the effectiveness of sodium cefoxitin in patients admitted to an emergency surgery department and presenting serious post-surgical or post-traumatic sepsis, or sepsis due to pathology that can be corrected surgically. A study of 14 patients (3 g i.v. or i.m. for 6 days) showed 71% complete cure, 21% definite improvements and one death (treatment commenced 36 hours prior to death). It is therefore maintained that sodium cefoxitin is particularly indicated as first-choice antibiotic in emergency surgery situations. PMID- 7254547 TI - [Polyps and gastric cancer. Experience in 133 cases]. PMID- 7254546 TI - [Platelet anti-aggregants in the prevention of disseminated intravascular coagulation in severe burns]. AB - Two groups of patients with burns involving from 40-70% of the body surface have been examined. One group of 34 patients was not treated with antiaggregating therapy, and one of 28 was treated with platelet antiaggregating therapy from the first day of admission. It was noted that this treatment has a favourable influence on burn shock by means of a mechanism which impedes the onset of D.I.C. PMID- 7254548 TI - [Gastro-gastric fistula. Description of a case]. PMID- 7254550 TI - [Unusual congenital diaphragmatic hernias. Report of 2 cases of aplasia of the phrenic center]. AB - Two cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia affecting the central tendon are described. The anatomic, etiologic, pathogenic and clinic characteristics of this uncommon disease are then discussed. Finally some considerations about indications on how to operate on these congenital hernias and different repairing surgical techniques are made. PMID- 7254549 TI - [Typical, atypical and malignant bronchial carcinoid]. AB - A series of 54 bronchial carcinoids operated in the course of 12 yr is presented. There were three histological types: typical, atypical and malignant. A parallel was also apparent between histological appearance and clinical pattern. Correct prognosis, however, demands the examination of other parameters, such the tendency of the neoplasia to infiltrate, and the presence of metastatic lymph nodes. PMID- 7254551 TI - [Hiatal hernia, gastroesophageal reflux and the lower esophageal sphincter. Manometric study with the "rapid pull-through method"]. AB - Data obtained by means of rapid pull-through manometry in cases of hiatal hernia with or without gastro-oesophageal reflux are presented. Particular reference is made to lower oesophageal sphincter pressure in reflux symptomatologies irrespective of the presence of hiatal hernia. A relation between age and lower oesophageal pressure was noted. Hypotonia of the sphincter was observed in younger subjects, whose reflux symptoms are more marked and often unassociated with hiatal hernia. In the patients, sphincter dysfunction appears to be related to an error in the neurohormonal control mechanism of this functional complex. Stress is also laid on the role of pull-through manometry in the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic approach to diseases of this type. PMID- 7254552 TI - [Gastric bezoars]. AB - Gastric bezoars are concretions sometimes mistaken for cancer, because of their polymorphous symptoms. Previous gastric surgery modifies anatomy and functions of the stomach and favours the bezoar deposition. Digestive endoscopy allows a correct diagnosis and therapy. A wide review of the literature is given. PMID- 7254553 TI - [Endoscopic and anatomopathological aspects of surgery of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7254555 TI - [Primary adenocarcinoma of the 3d duodenal segment]. AB - A case of primary duodenal adenocarcinoma is described. A discussion is made about the rarity of this tumor that, as it is frequency misdiagnosed in cases of malignant neoplasms of the papilla of Vater and of terminal part of the common biliary duct, may be greater than all previously thought. Tumors of the third part of duodenum are even more uncommon. Whipple resection seem the best cure of this tumors, as results from long term survival. PMID- 7254556 TI - [Pelviperineal recurrences in surgery of rectal carcinoma]. AB - A series of pelviperineal recurrences after perineal-abdominal amputation of the rectum and after anterior resection is examined. Involvement of the rectal wall, the biological behaviour of the tumour, and lymphatic diffusion represent the main causes of recurrence. In some instances, the choice of anterior resection in the treatment of middle rectum carcinoma may constitute a risk factor. PMID- 7254557 TI - [Laparosplenectomy in Hodgkin's disease]. AB - Assessment of a series of 102 cases of laparotomy with splenectomy in the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease is undertaken in an explantation of the indications for its employment in relation to the progress of the disease and its histological type. An account is also offered of the salient features of each surgical stage, and the findings made during surgery by comparison with those obtained in other ways, i.e. preoperative appraisal based mainly on lymphography, hepatosplenic scintiscans, and functional exploration of the liver. Analysis of the results in the light of the histological data and their clinical and pathological relations enables four conclusions to be drawn: 1) isotopic investigations and functional tests carried out prior to surgery are insufficient, or at any rate poorly reliable; 2) absence of gross criteria for the sufficiently precise determination of splenic Hodgkin sites intraoperatively; 3) discrepancy between the lymph node histology and the lymphographic picture; 4) high incidence of primary subdiaphragmatic splenic involvement. The opinion is expressed that laparosplenectomy is a sound procedure for establishing the actual extent of Hodgkin's disease, and hence permitting more logical and more accurate further management. Emphasis is also laid on the fact that removal of the spleen may protect the liver from the possible spread of the disease via the porta, and make irradiation of the left hypochondriac region with its attendant dangers unnecessary. PMID- 7254554 TI - [Gastric cancer. Prognostic aspects]. PMID- 7254558 TI - [Case contribution on intraoperative cholangiography]. AB - An assessment is made of the systematic application of intraoperative cholangiography in the light of a consecutive series gathered over a period of four years. The importance of employing this technique as a routine measure is clearly demonstrated by the results. If properly performed, it greatly reduces unnecessary choledochotomy, diminishes the incidence of overlooked calculi, and leads to the detection of papillo-oddian diseases. PMID- 7254560 TI - [Current indications for lumbar ganglionectomy. Analysis of a series of cases]. AB - Data concerning a personal surgical series covering the last 10 years have been collected as far as cases regarded lumbar gangliectomy. The operative indication and incidence of this type of operation, performed for sclerotic obliterating arteriopathy of the lower extremities, out of total admissions and out of total direct reconstructive surgery operations, are analysed. Postoperative and long term results of this type of surgery are then discussed. The data collected confirm the indication for lumbar gangliectomy alone or in association with other revascularization procedures in an albeit small number of patients, represented essentially by high risk cases or patients with extremely peripheral lesions. PMID- 7254559 TI - [Indications and technic of percutaneous external biliary drainage]. AB - After focusing the high surgical morbidity and mortality of icteric patients, the Authors describe their technique of insertion of percutaneous bile drainage after percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. They insert drainage via the epigastric region, usually in the left hepatic duct. One case is described where the Authors associated percutaneous transhepatic drainage to regional chemotherapy through the catheter used for bile drainage. After for cycles of chemotherapy with 5-FU both intravenously and in the catheter, the Authors obtained the patency of the main bile duct which was previously obstructed by a methastases of stomach cancer. PMID- 7254561 TI - [A new technic of venous thrombectomy of the lower limbs]. AB - A personal venous thrombectomy technique employing a modified Fogarty catheter is described. The end of the catheter to which the syringe is normally applied is cut off to enable it to be used in a retrograde manner. In this way, thrombectomy is always performed in the direction of the current, irresapective of the site of the thrombosis in the venous axis of the lower limbs. This type of operation offers two advantages. It preserves the integrity of the valves and does away with the risk of intraoperative embolisms. It is described as "physiological thrombectomy". If the thrombosis involves the entire iliac-femoro-popliteal axis, the catheter is inserted retrogradely via the small saphenous at the, and removed via an iliac phlebotomy obtained by means of an extraperitoneal abdominal incision. When the thrombosis is femoropopliteal only, the catheter is inserted through the origin of the small sphenous and withdrawn via the venous incision. Lastly, in cases where the common iliacofemoral axis alone is involved, retrograde insertion takes place through the large saphenous vein in the inguinal region. Preliminary results obtained with the technique are described. PMID- 7254563 TI - [Preservation of the sphincter in excisions of rectal carcinoma]. PMID- 7254562 TI - [Obturator hernia. Diagnostic considerations and surgical treatment]. PMID- 7254564 TI - [Percutaneous cholangiography in jaundice. Personal experience]. PMID- 7254567 TI - [Anticipation of a new method of additive mastoplasty with myo-dermal flap of the great dorsal muscle]. PMID- 7254566 TI - [Surgical treatment of epitheliomas of the lip]. PMID- 7254565 TI - [Treatment of gastric cancer in the aged]. AB - The A. suggest a modification of Stojanovick primary technique in the treatment of gastric cancer in the elderly. They reviewed pathology of gastric resected patients with exclusion of duodenal transit and they foretell such a technique because of a quicker performance, the scantiness of post-operative complication and, at the end, the complete lack of malabsorption syndromes which are so frequent in gastric resected patients. PMID- 7254568 TI - [Agenesis of the gallbladder. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7254570 TI - [Anorectal malignant melanoma. A case in the anorectal junction synchronous with adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid]. PMID- 7254569 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine. Personal case]. PMID- 7254571 TI - [Presacrococcygeal congenital cyst in the adult]. AB - Two cases of congenital cyst of the presacral space in the adult are presented. The unusualness of the lesion is stressed, and reference is made to the usefulness of a classification covering all retrorectal neoformations, including congenital forms. Attention is given to the manner of diagnosis. Variations in the surgical technique employed depend on the clinical and anatomical picture, and the potential inflammatory and degenerative aspects of the lesion. Emphasis is placed on the absolute need to section the sacrococcyx to prevent recurrences. PMID- 7254572 TI - [Ample gastric resection in the treatment of stomach cancer]. PMID- 7254574 TI - [Interposition of the ileal loop in destructive surgery of the duodenum]. PMID- 7254575 TI - [Data on the use of a particular type of corticoid in the topical treatment of the rectal ampulla remaining after operations for ulcerous colitis]. PMID- 7254573 TI - [Transposition of the ileum in destructive surgery of the colon]. PMID- 7254577 TI - [Toxic megacolon as a complication of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the colon. When and how to operate. Experience in 10 cases]. PMID- 7254579 TI - [Benign tumors of the small intestine. Personal observations]. PMID- 7254578 TI - [Lymphadenectomy in cancer of the stomach. When, how, why?]. PMID- 7254576 TI - [Comparative analysis of the repercussions, on water-electrolyte metabolism, of proctocolectomy with cutaneous ileostomy and, respectively, of total colectomy with ileo-rectostomy]. PMID- 7254580 TI - [Criteria of choice in the conservative surgical treatment of rectal neoplasms]. PMID- 7254581 TI - [A case of Petersen's hernia]. PMID- 7254582 TI - [Criteria for the diagnostic definition of Crohn's disease of the colon in our experience]. PMID- 7254584 TI - [Modern acquisitions in Hirschprung's disease]. PMID- 7254583 TI - [Nutritional problems and follow-up of patients treated with total ileoectomy]. PMID- 7254585 TI - [Polypoid formations of the duodenum. An unusual indication for duodeno-cephalic pancreatectomy]. PMID- 7254587 TI - [Intestinal occlusion caused by invagination on Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 7254586 TI - [An unusual localization of Hodgkin's disease in the jejunum]. PMID- 7254589 TI - [Total gastrectomy in the treatment of gastric carcinoma]. PMID- 7254588 TI - [2-stage rupture of the left colon and sigmoid in a case of bilateral presacral ectopic kidney]. PMID- 7254591 TI - [Familial polyposis and cancer. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 7254590 TI - [Our experience in perforated gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7254594 TI - [Perfusion of the common bile duct with ursacholic acid in the treatment of residual calculi]. PMID- 7254592 TI - [Clinical and diagnostic considerations on ulcer and cancer. Personal experience]. PMID- 7254596 TI - [Clinical and epidemiological studies of chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 7254595 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of liver cirrhosis and associated diseases in Puglia]. PMID- 7254593 TI - [The use of gastric sounding in the medical and surgical departments of the province of Veneto. Methodological and clinical studies]. PMID- 7254598 TI - [Behavior of serum gastrin, under basal and meal-stimulated conditions, in patients with duodenal ulcer treated with cimetidine]. PMID- 7254597 TI - [Effects of dietetic integration with essential amino acids in uremic patients treated with long-term hemodialysis]. PMID- 7254600 TI - [Correlations between esophageal varices, biohumoral indices and radioisotopic tests in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 7254599 TI - [Usefulness of the radioisotope method of determining serum folate in gastroenterology]. PMID- 7254602 TI - [Cytological diagnostic criteria for gastric carcinoma]. PMID- 7254603 TI - [Evaluation of gastric acid secretion and gastrin in the blood after superselective vagotomy]. PMID- 7254601 TI - [Study of intestinal motility with a solid or liquid physiological meal labeled with 99mTc Coll. and DTPA]. PMID- 7254604 TI - [Determination of primary bile acids with radio-immunoassay. Its use as a liver function test]. PMID- 7254605 TI - [Clinical and etiopathogenetic significance of the histological findings of portal fibrosis]. PMID- 7254607 TI - [Microbial etiology of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases]. PMID- 7254606 TI - [Epidemiologic study of 1665 cases of bronchogenic neoplasms collected at the S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital between 1973 and 1979]. AB - Data regarding 1,665 cases of benign and malignant lung cancers are examined and frequency behaviour analysed by histological type, sex, age groups and site of onset. Results are compared with other reported data and it is concluded that there is a considerable increase in dyskaryokinesis in both sexes, especially females (particularly epidermoid forms), and that there is a shift in maximum incidence towards more advanced age groups. No variation was seen, however, with respect to the frequency of bronchial tree localisation. PMID- 7254608 TI - [A documented case of typical Hamman-Rich interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]. AB - Following a brief mention of the classification of Hammer-Rich disease within idiopathic diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, the main clinical, radiological and laboratory features of these disease are outlined in brief. A personal case, subsequently controlled neroptically and histologically, is then described. From comparison between reported data and findings in the personal case, it is concluded that it was a typical, rare case (less than 150 others have so far been reported in all world literature) of Hamman-Rich disease. Other diagnostic hypotheses can be rejected because they are less correspondent to the typical picture and for various other considerations. PMID- 7254609 TI - [Multitumoral associations. Description of 3 cases of pulmonary tumors associated with extrapulmonary malignant neoplasms]. AB - Three inoperable cases of association of bronchopulmonary carcinoma with other malignant neoplasias with a different histological origin are described. An account is given of the treatment employed. Emphasis is placed on the relatively good response to treatment of the extrapulmonary neoplasia, and the relevant literature series are examined. PMID- 7254610 TI - [Tuberculin skin tests in clinical practice]. AB - After a short survey of the main tubercolinic cutaneous tests the Author dwells particularly upon Tine test and intradermoreaction. Then it's produced a casuistics about two groups of it's people with different stories as for B. Kock infection. The results obtained checking up the two groups with Tine test or with intradermoreaction are lastly compared under the epidemiological and clinical picture. PMID- 7254611 TI - [Methodological problems in the induction of exercise-induced asthma in atopic patients]. AB - The considerable discrepancy in results reported by the literature on the question of exercise induced asthma (EIA) poses some methodological problems as regards the standardisation fo such tests. As the variability of the response depends to a great extent on the duration of the physical effort (and, to a smaller extent, on other quality features of the exercise), the importance of being able to deploy an effective, standardised control instrument, with characteristics of simplicity and easy repeatability, is evident. An exercise test with these features is proposed here and significant results in an early sample of ten patients suffering from atopical asthma are reported. PMID- 7254612 TI - [Contribution to the classification of the role of E2 prostaglandin S2 in certain bronchospasm situations]. AB - Some functional parameters have been used to assess the effect of PGE2 in a group of patients suffering from bronchospasm. A further control was made after inhalation of Salbutamol. The effect of PGE2 in exercise induced asthma has also been studied. PMID- 7254613 TI - [Pharmacokinetics in endobronchial antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 7254614 TI - [Indications, technics and results of thoracoscopy]. AB - Indications, materials, technique and contraindications of diagnostic thoracoscopy are described. Examination of 67 thoracoscopies carried out in the past four years shows the technique studied to be the best available diagnostic tool in the field of pleural and peripheral lung diseases: neoplasia, pleuritis and bullous disease. Whether done under narcosis or local anaesthetic, the examination proved to be well tolerated, given the minimum, temporary damage caused to respiratory function. Complications were few and not lethal. A final diagnosis was achieved in the majority of cases. There were a number of false negatives in circumscribed neoplasia localised at points that could not be reached by the instrument, and in cases complicated by pleural adhesions, which prevent correct examination. PMID- 7254617 TI - [Change in ventricular repolarization associated with acute spontaneous pneumothorax]. AB - Cases of acute pneumothorax admitted in the period 1975-1978 were examined to determine the presence of changes in ventricular repolarization. A significant elongation of the QT segment was noted in 23/126 cases. The series did not include subjects with chronic heart and /or bronchopulmonary disease, or other clinical features that might explain such elongation. The ECG changes bore no relation to the site and extent of the pneumothorax. Agreement is expressed with the view that their explanation lies in the existence of a reflex mechanism acting on the autonomous nervous system. PMID- 7254616 TI - [Tuberculosis in dialysis patients]. AB - Seven cases of T.B. were observed in 300 patients subjected to dialysis in period 30.4.1977-30.1.1980. This frequency is much higher than that in the ordinary population. An account is given of the statistical and clinical aspects of this morbid associations. The way in which it can be treated is also discussed. PMID- 7254619 TI - [Prevention and control fo side effects in the chemotherapy of advanced lung cancer]. AB - The side effects of chemotherapy in lung cancer are reviewed and a methodological scheme proposed to prevent and monitor them by means of scrupulous preliminary selection. This is done by studying heart, liver and renal function, as well as by screening the patient's immunity condition. The side-effects of chemotherapy are monitored by monthly repetition of the above tests. Personal cases showing the good results obtained are reported. PMID- 7254615 TI - [Conservative surgical treatment of lung cancer: the "sleeve resection". Case contribution]. AB - A series of 19 upper right lobectomies with resection and anastomosis of the principal bronchus carried out since 1975 at the 2nd Surgery Division, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital is described. An account is given of the carcinogenic risk, the endoscopic aspects, and the intraoperative picture in the various cases, and the long-term survivals, compatible with the time when the operation was performed. A brief description is also given of the technique employed, namely Sleeve Resection instead of the usual cuneiform approach. The reasons for this choice are explained. Lastly, from what is indicated it appears that right upper lobectomy with resection and anastomosis of the main bronchus is a very efficacious and very probably radical method in any cases where the neoplastic site should make right pneumonectomy necessary, but this is barred on the patient's functional status. PMID- 7254618 TI - [Functional respiratory rehabilitation in exudative pleuritis]. AB - The rehabilitation of respiratory function in exudative pleurisy has two objectives, namely the prevention of adhesions, or, when this is no longer possible, to limit their influences on respiratory function. Stress is laid on the importance of the moment when rehabilitation management begins. The main moments of the treatment programme are reviewed, and an explanation is offered of the techniques adopted, and the functional tests best suited for assessment of the results. Lastly, reference is made to the satisfactory results observed in 50 patients. PMID- 7254621 TI - [Initial observations on the use of levamisole in the immunostimulation treatment of patients operated on for lung cancer]. AB - The results obtained with levamisole in the immunostimulating of 59 resected and non-resected lung carcinoma patients are presented. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed in terms of survival, length of the free interval, etc. Cutireaction to the drug was repeatedly monitored. It is felt that the overall results were insufficient evidence of the true effectiveness of this manner of treatment, even though some data indicative of the therapeutic action of the drug were obtained. PMID- 7254620 TI - [Use of a synchronized protocol of cytostatic drugs in the treatment of advanced lung cancer]. AB - A synchronised programme consisting of VCR, CTX and MTX has been employed in 57 patients suffering fom lung carcinoma. Average survival was 10.6 months and overall tolerance was good. The best indications are intermittent long-term treatment and retreatment of patients with cancer recalcitrant to the same drugs. With the simplification of cell kinetics study techniques, more meaningful results can be expected in the application of this treatment programme. PMID- 7254622 TI - [Endobronchopulmonary therapy with a permanent trans-crico-thyroid probe]. AB - The possibilities of treating chronic bronchopneumopathies of various nature by means of permanent endobronchial transcricothyroid probe are examined with reference to 6 cases representing patients under treatment at the time this paper was being prepared (2 cases of chronic pulmonary TB, 2 of suppurating bronchiectasis, 1 of middle lobe syndrome and 1 of tracheal carcinoma). The series examined confirms the usefulness of this type of treatment as a back-up to traditional medical treatment where this alone failed to achieve the necessary results. Stress is laid on the good tolerance of the TCT probe presented by all patients, including a five-year-old boy. PMID- 7254623 TI - [Neurophysiological tests in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Visual and somatosensory evoked potential studies]. AB - Visual evoked potentials were recorded and found abnormal in 44 out of 57 multiple sclerosis (M.S.) patients (77%). Somatosensory evoked potentials were abnormal in 42 cases (73%). Both tests were abnormal in 56 out of 57 cases. The two tests have a complementary role in the assessment of M.S., showing a subclinical involvement of visual or sensory pathways in many cases. The high incidence of abnormal responses in patients with a short duration of the disease and in patients diagnosed as possible or probably M.S. suggests the aid of the tests in diagnosis of M.S. PMID- 7254624 TI - [Evaluation of hematometric parameters and plasma ferritin levels in patients treated with ferritin-containing preparations]. AB - Ferritin has been administered in immediately bioavailable solution form, and in solid form, with exclusively duodenal bioavailability, to two groups of patients suffering from sideropenic dyserythropoietic anaemia. The results obtained point to a significant stimulating action on erythropoiesis documented by the increase in reticulocytes and red cells. This increase is certainly relatable to the increase of available iron and to its incorporation in the erythrocytes, as demonstrated by the increase in ferritinaemia, sideraemia, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglocbin concentration. The data obtained showed the bioavailable fluid form to be more active than the solid. PMID- 7254626 TI - [A case of Martin-Gruber anastomosis]. PMID- 7254627 TI - [Maple syrup disease. A clinical and rehabilitative study]. AB - A child found, following long-drawn-out diagnosis, to be suffering from a disease characterised by maple syrup odour of the urine, offers the basis for some remarks on the most topical problems of rehabilitation in patients suffering from the sequelae of infant encephalopathies. The current physiopathologico biochemical classification of protein metabolism changes and the nosographic pathogenetic classification of the disease observed are reviewed. Mention is then made of diagnostico-clinical, laboratory and instrumental procedures before moving on to detailed description on the patient. Various re-educational techniques are examined and the paper closes with some remarks on problems of acceptance by society in the current socio-welfare-medical-educational situation. Stress is laid on the importance of attentive, profound analysis of each case, an examination which must exclude any mystifying equalitarianism a priori, and take the material form of effective intervention. Allowance must be made for the "globality" of the problems involved, the rejection of any "delegation", accompanied by a real awareness of the most appropriate solutions and the effective participation of the community as a whole. To achieve these aims, local medical structures today are of vital practical importance, representing as they do the analytical and operative terrain of afferences and efferences, precisely as regards their sociomedical-educational integration with specialist centres. PMID- 7254625 TI - [Ehler-Danlos syndrome (type V) with urethra bifida and polydactyly: an unusual combination]. AB - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is currently regarded as a connective tissue dysplasia. Its genetic, biochemical, histological and clinical features are described, together with a personal case in a patient who presented the fundamental symptoms, plus polydactyly and bifid urethra. This association had not been hitherto reported in the literature. The case itself is classed as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type V. PMID- 7254628 TI - [Altitude-induced retinal hemorrhages. A new aspect of mountain sickness]. AB - The authors discuss modern views on altitude acclimatization and acute mountain sickness (A.M.S.). They particularly consider recent observations of high altitude retinal hemorrhages (H.A.R.H.). They report some subjects they personally examined and suggest the probable factors involved in the pathogenesis of the disorder. PMID- 7254631 TI - [Cimetidine: solution to a problem?]. AB - Peptic ulcer is a widespread disease, the natural history which is long, painful and associated with high personal and social costs. Cimetidine is a highly effective and safe drug which, compared with the other treatments currently available, can be considered as the best solution of this problem. PMID- 7254629 TI - [Posttraumatic fat embolism. Clinical case contribution]. AB - Various aspects of post-traumatic fat embolism are discussed in relation to aetiopathogenesis, therapy and clinical development. Four significant cases are described. This research shows the importance of prevention and early diagnosis in limiting serious consequences, and makes clear the advantages of a right therapeutic technique. PMID- 7254632 TI - [Significance of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the diagnosis of hepatopathies]. AB - The significance of carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA) is assessed as a way to obtaining a better definition of neoplasia of the liver and bile ducts, and the spotting of possible malignant degeneration in chronic diseases of the liver. The literature data on involvement of the liver and bile ducts in CEA metabolism are cited, and the results of a study of 419 patients with acute and chronic diseases of varying aetiology and severity, and benign or malignant obstructive icterus are presented. CEA measurements, while associated with a tendency towards high values in liver diseases with major functional damage, do not seem to be differentiating for cirrhosis and Ca-cirrhosis, or between benign and malignant icterus. Dependable diagnosis, therefore, depends on the inclusion of CEA in a battery of tests to be coupled with appraisal of the individual clinical and instrumental findings. PMID- 7254630 TI - [Use of single-layer anastomoses in intestinal surgery; experimental and clinical studies]. AB - Reference is made to an experimental and clinical investigation of single-layer intestinal anastomoses. The techniques of Gambee, D'Onofrio, Lembert, Halsted Connel were applied in six groups of 10 rabbits. The survival and weight data, gross and microscopic inspection, and the stenosis index showed that the best results were obtained with Halsted's, D'Onofrio, and Gambee's techniques. An account is also given of a clinical series of 124 patients in which Halsted's technique was employed. PMID- 7254635 TI - [Antisalmonellal agglutination in liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis]. AB - A positive serum diagnosis for Salmonellae was obtained in 7 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and 18 with chronic hepatitis (22 males and 3 females), even though their history was negative and they had not even been vaccinated against thyphus and paratyphus. The results are seen as a warning that laboratory data that might lead to a mistaken diagnosis and incorrect treatment should be interpreted with particular care. PMID- 7254633 TI - [Humoral immunity in epidemic parotitis]. AB - The authors have studied the behaviour of the Immunoglobulins and of the hemoagglutination-inhibiting and complement-fixing antibodies in 9 subjects suffering from a complicated form of parotitis and coming from the same epidemic focus. A considerable movement of antibodies was noticed, while contrary to the findings of other authors, an increase in the IgA was not evident. PMID- 7254634 TI - [Renal tubular damage after rapid intravenous contrast study with iopamidol]. AB - Reference is made to results obtained in 53 nephropathics in the study of urinary elimination of alphaglycosidase and lysozyme before and after rapid contrastography with sodium and meglumine diatrizoate and with iopamidol. A statistically significant difference in alphaglycosidase was evident with both media, whereas no change was noted for lysozyme. As far as the evaluation of alphaglycosidase was concerned, the tubular alteration induced by each medium was the same in terms of statistical comparison of the mean differences before and after urography. PMID- 7254636 TI - [Angiography in the diagnosis of kidney neoplasms]. AB - After assessing the usefulness of the various X-ray techniques in the diagnosis and staging of renal neoplasias, an approach based initially on non-invasive studies like urography, ecotomography and TAC and then on invasive techniques is considered. Adequate preoperative angiography of renal neoplasias is considered very useful and the diagnostic features of angiographical investigations are described in terms of staging and therapeutic applications in possible endo arterial embolism. PMID- 7254637 TI - [Familial aortic supravalvular stenoses; radiographic and contrast study aspects]. AB - The radiographic and contrastographic aspects of four cases of familial aortic supravalvular stenosis, with or without other vascular lesions, are described. Agreement is expressed with the view put forward in the literature to the effect that this form is no different to that which presents with no familial trait, in the light its of morphological features and the type of arterial malformations associated with it. PMID- 7254638 TI - [High relative risk of gastric stump cancer in young gastric resection patients]. AB - In a large necropsy series, 31 cases of gastric stump cancer were found among patients operated for gastric or duodenal ulcer since 6 years or more. In the same series, there were 331 gastric cancer cases among patients without previous gastric surgery for benign disease. Overall age- and sex-specific relative risk for stump cancer in previously resected patients was 1.5; however, the relative risk was 2.5 in the patients operated below age 45, and it was only 0.6 in the patients resected over that age. The relative risk of stump cancer in the former group of patients was two- or three-fold than in the latter, at correspondent intervals of time since resection too. In the present material, the age at surgery appears to be a more important factor in determining the relative risk than the time interval since surgery. PMID- 7254639 TI - [Methemoglobinemia; a description of a case of NADH methemoglobulin reductase deficiency]. AB - A case of NADH-methaemoglobin-reductase deficiency in a 64 year old man with marked cyanosis and without evidence of cardiac or pulmonary diseases is reported. The level of methaemoglobin was 36% and reached 25% after treatment with ascorbic acid. Erythrocyte NADH-methaemoglobin-reductase activity was only 5% of normal value. Some erythrocyte biochemical and enzymatic characteristics have been evaluated. A family study has also been carried out. Our patient has been considered homozygous for NADH-methaemoglobin-reductase deficiency. PMID- 7254640 TI - [Toxic cholestatic hepatitis secondary to chrysotherapy]. AB - An unusual case of cholestatic toxic hepatitis observed during the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with gold salts (colloidal sulphide) is reported. The primarily histological diagnosis was supported by the absence of hepatotoxic drugs and the ruling out of other forms of liver disease. Furthermore, the histological picture fitted that described in the few cases in the international literature. PMID- 7254641 TI - [Digitalization of the arrhythmic heart patient]. AB - Digitalis combines a longstanding tradition with constant up-to-dateness. Kinetic maintenance therapy is very often required for heart patients with arrhythmia as one of their most striking clinical manifestations. The well-known questions of paroxystic tachycardia, flutter and atrial fibrillation are examined, and attention is concentrated on ventricular extrasystole, sinoatrial node disease, and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. It is clear that combinations with recently introduced antiarrhythmic drugs, and administration of diuretics and electrolytes, and the employment of electrical stimulation have facilitated the long-term treatment of the chronic arrhythmic heart patient and brought about the better utilisation of digitalic substances. Their arrhythmogenic potential, however, cannot be overlooked. PMID- 7254642 TI - [Behavior of LDH and its isoenzymes in permanent pacemaker wearers]. PMID- 7254644 TI - [Spontaneous debanding of the pulmonary artery in a case of interventricular septal defect]. PMID- 7254643 TI - [Factors determining peroperative morbidity and mortality from the resection of left ventricular aneurysms]. AB - An analysis was made of the operative results of 175 patients who underwent resection of chronic postinfarction left ventricular aneurysm, with or without associated cardiac surgery at Texas Heart Institute in one year period. The operative mortality was 11%. The surgical outcome of a subset of 96 patients was correlated with the indices of ventricular performance. Our findings indicate the risk of aneurismectomy is low for discrete aneurysm. Mortality and morbidity correlate significantly with total ejection fraction and our weighted scoring system as a determinant of left ventricular dysfunction. Total ejection fraction below 20% correlated with pump failure postoperatively, and total ejection fraction above 40% aided in predicting absence of pump failure. A total score above 20 correlated with pump failure and a total score below 20 supported prediction of absence of pump failure. Conversely, ejection fraction of the contractile part, percentage of perimeter involvement with left ventricular aneurysm and left ventricular end diastolic pressure were found to be poor predictors of surgical outcome. PMID- 7254645 TI - [Technical expedient in the case of phrenic stimulation complicating an epicardial pacemaker]. AB - In the event of abnormal stimulation of the phrenic nerve with diaphragm contractions, a possible complication in carriers of pacemakers with epicardial electrodes, interposition of an insulating lamina in the pericardial lead between electrodes and pericardium is proposed. This expedient has been adopted in a case followed up over an 8 year period and can protect the phrenic nerve from pacemaker stimuli and resolve the complication simply and lastingly. PMID- 7254648 TI - [Characteristics of the "tache noire" of boutonneuse fever]. AB - Humans show little sensitivity to the bites of healthy Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the skin lesion is extremely slight. The "tache noire" - innoculation eschar corresponding to the infecting bite of the tick with R. conori is discussed and histopathological findings reported. The patient is frequently unaware of the eschar on his body and elements relating to the duration of the infecting bite are deduced. Apart from its typical features, the tache noire may be very small, with surrounding hyper-ergic reaction, or it may even not be present, depending on different conditions of tissue reactivity. The pathogenesis is mentioned and the need for careful research for diagnostic purposes stressed. PMID- 7254646 TI - [Aortic insufficiency from a closed chest injury treated by prosthesis]. PMID- 7254649 TI - [Cardiovascular involvement and complications in Mediterranean boutonneuse fever]. AB - After a review of the literature on heart damage in rickettsiosis, the data from a clinical and ecgraphic investigation of 17 patients suffering from boutonneuse fever are reported. There was little cardiovascular involvement and inconstant hypotension but two heart complications are described, one myocardial ischaemia which cleared up a few days after the end of the diseases, and an atrial fibrillation that lasted two days. Stress is laid on the need for constant ecgraphic monitoring, even in this minor rickettsiosis. PMID- 7254650 TI - [Pharmacological induction of labor with oral tablets of PGE2]. PMID- 7254647 TI - [Boutonneuse fever in clinical practice]. AB - Boutonneuse fever has become endemic in some parts of Sicily and the Italian mainland over the last five years. An account is given of the features assisting its clinical recognition and serological verification. The main nosographical aspects of the disease are described. The conditions required for certain, probable and presumed diagnosis are stated, stress being laid on the prime importance of timely clinical assessment, and the possibility of serological ascertainment when the disease is waning, or even later. Serum diagnosis via complement fixation or microagglutination will be positive in the second half of the second seven-day period of fever. It is specific with Rickettsia conorii antigens, though these have not been easy to find so far. The Weil-Felix reaction with Proteus OX19 and OX2 is significantly positive in advanced coalescence. While this is always a practical possibility, it is of indicative, and usually retrospective, value only. PMID- 7254652 TI - [Laser surgery. General aspects and gynecological applications]. PMID- 7254651 TI - [Changes in neonatal bilirubinemia in the first 4 days of life]. PMID- 7254653 TI - [Treatment of phlebopathies caused by stasis in pregnancy]. PMID- 7254654 TI - [Anesthesia with Althesin in obstetrics. Clinical findings and functional examinations]. PMID- 7254655 TI - [Perinatal mortality and obstetrical care]. PMID- 7254657 TI - [Gynecological and obstetrical consequences of the use of heroin]. PMID- 7254656 TI - [Abortion in the 2d trimester by extra-amniotic infusion. Description of 149 cases]. PMID- 7254658 TI - [Neoplastic associations in gynecology. Considerations on a case]. PMID- 7254661 TI - [Tumor of the breast]. PMID- 7254660 TI - [Corpus luteum cysts in pregnancy]. PMID- 7254659 TI - [On the possibility of correlation between an IUD and endometriosis]. PMID- 7254662 TI - [Utero-adnexal regional vascular dynamics in malformations of the uterus]. PMID- 7254663 TI - [Hormonal profile in threatened abortion and its treatment with HCG]. PMID- 7254667 TI - [Nutritional behavior of the pregnant woman. Current role of the obstetrician in relation to dietary habits in pregnancy]. PMID- 7254664 TI - [Antithrombin activity during estroprogestin therapy]. PMID- 7254665 TI - [Antithrombin activity during pregnancy]. PMID- 7254666 TI - [Behavior of glycosylated hemoglobins in normal, obese and diabetic pregnant women and their newborn infants]. PMID- 7254668 TI - [Neonatal mortality as related to birth weight and gestational age]. PMID- 7254669 TI - [Sexuality and maternity. Biological and psychodynamic considerations]. PMID- 7254670 TI - [Legal abortion. Preliminary evaluations at the S. Barbara di Rogliano Hospital]. PMID- 7254671 TI - [Echotomographic findings in a case of hematocolpohematometra caused by imperforate hymen]. PMID- 7254672 TI - [Appearance of urinary incontinence after gynecological surgical operations]. PMID- 7254673 TI - [Preventive treatment of striae distensae during pregnancy]. PMID- 7254674 TI - [Clinical study of a new formulation of miconazole: 100 mg vaginal suppositories]. PMID- 7254675 TI - [Glomerulonephritis in essential mixed IgG-IgM cryoglobulinemia. Clinical and histological study of 16 cases]. PMID- 7254677 TI - [Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with minimal glomerular lesions or with diffuse mesangial proliferation. Comparison of 2 groups of children]. PMID- 7254678 TI - [Morphological and evolutive characteristics of a glomerulopathy with mesangial proliferative lesions with IgM deposits]. PMID- 7254676 TI - [Proliferative mesangial glomerulonephritis in childhood]. PMID- 7254679 TI - Renal amyloidosis and treatment with dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). PMID- 7254680 TI - [Thoracic duct fistula in the therapy of immunological glomerular nephropathy. Time-related changes in cellular immunity]. PMID- 7254681 TI - [Correlations between renal tubular acidosis and sodium availability at the level of the distal tubule in hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 7254682 TI - Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a mediator of platelet aggregation. Effect of corticosteroids on PAF-induced platelet aggregation. PMID- 7254683 TI - [Analysis of the sensitivity of baroreceptors during the chronic phase of renovascular hypertension in the rat]. PMID- 7254684 TI - [Renal and intrarenal blood flow in essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7254685 TI - [Renal tubular damage in the initial phase of essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7254686 TI - [The natural history of calcic nephrolithiasis. Retrospective study of 249 patients]. PMID- 7254687 TI - [Value of the study of crystalluria in lithiasis patients]. PMID- 7254690 TI - [Effects of treatment with 1--alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in osteodystrophy in uremic patients undergoing periodical hemodialysis]. PMID- 7254689 TI - [The use of acetohydroxamic acid in infected renal lithiasis]. PMID- 7254691 TI - Aluminum in chronic hemodialysis. Possible influence on osteomalacic bone disease. PMID- 7254688 TI - [Determination of ultrafiltrable calcium and magnesium in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria]. PMID- 7254692 TI - [Immobilization of ligandins in the blood circuit of a hollow-fiber dialyzer]. PMID- 7254695 TI - A note on the reciprocal connections between the retina and the brain in the puffer fish Tetraodon fluviatilis. AB - This investigation employed the horseradish peroxidase methodology to trace afferent and efferent connections of the retina in the puffer fish Tetraodon fluviatilis. The retinal projections to the CNS are within the range described in other teleost fishes. In addition to this observation, 4 structures were identified in the CNS which project to the retina. These are the optic tectum, the dorsomedial optic nucleus, the pretectal nucleus and the large and well differentiated corpus geniculatum laterale ipsum of Meader. PMID- 7254694 TI - [Lipid metabolism in hemofiltration. Comparison with the lipid pattern of hemodialyzed patients]. PMID- 7254696 TI - Divergent projections of catecholamine neurons of the locus coeruleus as revealed by fluorescent retrograde double labeling technique. AB - Divergent projections of catecholamine (CA) neurons of the locus coeruleus have been studied by fluorescent retrograde double labeling in conjunction with monoamine histofluorescence technique. The present results indicate that the coerulo-cortical CA system is composed of two types of neurons. A predominant type possesses few divergent axons innervating a restricted region, while the other type projects widely to various areas of the cerebral cortex. The existence of divergent axonal projections of single CA neurons in the locus coeruleus to the cerebellum and the spinal cord, to the frontal cortex and the cerebellum, is also demonstrated. PMID- 7254693 TI - [Mechanisms of acute leukopenia in hemodialysis. Role of direct leukocyte and dialyzer membrane interaction]. PMID- 7254698 TI - Selective "labeling' by transsynaptic degeneration of substantia gelatinosal cells: an attempt to decipher intrinsic wiring in the Rolando substance of primates. AB - Transganglionic degenerative atrophy of primary sensory terminals in the head of the spinal dorsal horn that follows transection of the segmentally related peripheral sensory nerve, induces transsynaptic degeneration of substantia galatinosal (SG) cells, as was studied here in monkeys. On the basis of increased electron density as a selective "labelling', SG cells are shown to be postsynaptic both to thin (A delta and C) and to thick (A beta) afferents as well as to descending (or propriospinal) fibres, while their recurrent axon collaterals establish inhibitory synapses upon somata of neighbouring SG cells and upon A beta terminals. SG cells are envisaged as biasing elements with a contrast-enhancing function that, by means of inhibitory dendro-dendritic and axo axonal synapses, realize a gating mechanism. PMID- 7254697 TI - A morphological study of ambiguus nucleus motoneurons innervating the laryngeal muscles in the rat and cat. AB - The location and axonal projections of laryngeal motoneurons (LMn) have been studied in rats and cats using horseradish peroxidase as a retrograde tracer. LMn are located in the caudal part of the ambiguus nucleus in both species. In the cat, LMn are organized in two groups with a specific orientation of their dendritic trees. LMn axonal projections are ipsilateral in cats and bilateral in rats. PMID- 7254699 TI - Radioimmunoassay for detection of anti-oligodendrocyte antibodies. AB - A solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) for detection and quantitation of rabbit anti-oligodendrocyte antibody has been developed using bovine oligodendroglia preparation. The assay is simple, rapid, reproducible and economical. It is approximately 150 x as sensitive as immunofluorescence. Specificity has been established by using different bovine tissue antigens as substrate and absorption studies. This assay represents a potentially powerful tool for the detection and quantitation of anti-oligodendroglial antibodies and oligodendroglial antigens in serum and CSF of man and experimental animals. PMID- 7254700 TI - Electrophysiological identification of neurones of paraventricular nucleus sending axons to both the neurohypophysis and the medulla in the rat. AB - Neurons within the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei (PVN) have been antidromically invaded following electrical stimulation within the pons and medulla of rats. These neurones are dispersed throughout the PVN and are often found near neurones antidromically invaded only from the pituitary salk. In addition, a small number of PVN neurones have been found that were antidromically invaded from both the caudal brain and the pituitary stalk. The functional significance of these neurons is unknown at the moment, but the possibility of feedback control of the neurohypophysis must be considered. PMID- 7254701 TI - Regularity of the spontaneous discharge of neurons in the nucleus raphe dorsalis of the cat. AB - Impulse discharges were recorded from 43 neurons in the nucleus raphe dorsalis of the cat. Of these neurons examine for spontaneous activity, 23 fired in remarkable regular rhythm (clock-like neurons); 18 fired irregularly (non-clock like neurons); and 2 fired with an unclassified pattern. Almost all clock-like neurons were unresponsive to any kind of peripheral somatic stimuli, while the majority of non-clock-like neurons were excited by both nociceptive and non nociceptive stimuli or by non-nociceptive stimuli. The somatic receptive fields were large, spanning the entire body. PMID- 7254702 TI - Modulatory effects of a single neurons on the activity of the pyloric pattern generator in Crustacea. AB - The firing of a single neuron (named anterior pyloric modulator: APM) of the esophageal ganglion considerably modifies the pyloric rhythm of the rock lobster. These modifications, characterized by a long delay to onset and a long duration, include increased frequency and amplitude of oscillations of the motor neurons, changes in the efficacy of certain synapses within the network, and voltage dependent modifications of membrane properties of some motor neurons. APM thus seems to be a true modulatory neuron. The APM-provoked changes resemble changes seen in the whole animal, making this a suitable system for an analysis of modulation on several levels. PMID- 7254703 TI - Modification by strychnine and D-tubocurarine of cardiac vagal inhibition in dogs. AB - Intravenous infusion of strychnine or D-tubocurarine chloride attenuated the cardiac depressant action and fall in blood pressure produced by electrical stimulation of the right vagus nerve in dogs anesthesized with pentobarbitone sodium. The effects of exogenous acetylcholine on the heart and blood pressure (B.P.) were not modified by strychnine or D-turbocurarine. Physostigmine sulphate potentiated the effects of injected acetylcholine without modifying the effects of strychnine and D-tubocurarine on vagal transmission. Dimethylphenylpiperazinium bromide also produced its characteristic effects on the heart and B.P. in the presence of strychnine and D-tubocurarine. The results indicate that strychnine and D-tubocurarine inhibition of vagal transmission is not a result of blockade of peripheral cholinergic receptors or cardiac vagal ganglia. This inhibition occurs presumably via a preganglionic presynaptic action. PMID- 7254704 TI - K+-evoked Caa+-dependent release of D-[3H]aspartate from terminals of the cortico pontine pathway. AB - Pontine nuclei dissected from rat brain slices released previously accumulated D [3H]aspartate (D-Asp) and [14C]gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) Ca-dependently when exposed to 50 mM K. These efflux rates were substantially increased by including 0.5 mg/ml bovine serum albumin in the superfusion fluid. Degeneration of the cortico-pontine fibres 5 days after cutting the crus cerebri caused an 80% reduction in the fractional rate of Ca-dependent D-Asp release and a 60% reduction in uptake. The fractional rate of GABA efflux was significantly less reduced than that of D-Asp efflux, and GABA uptake was nearly unchanged. PMID- 7254705 TI - Lactones derived from kainic acid: novel selective antagonists of amino acid induced Na+ fluxes in rat striatum slices. AB - The effects of amino acid lactones chemically derived from the neuroexcitant kainic acid on the response of rat striatal slices to excitatory amino acids, were studied. These compounds antagonize to varying extents the effects of kainic acid and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid but have no effect on the responses to glutamic or quisqualic acid. Some of the lactones antagonize preferentially the effects of kainic acid. This study further confirms the existence of heterogenous populations of excitatory amino acid receptors in the rat striatum. PMID- 7254706 TI - Excitatory effects of intraventricular injections of oxytocin on the milk ejection reflex in the rat. AB - The effects of oxytocin, administered into the 3rd cerebral ventricle, on the milk ejection reflex, were studied in urethane-anaesthetized lactating rats. Intramammary pressure, electrical activity of oxytocinergic neurones and EEG were recorded simultaneously. Intraventricular injection of oxytocin (6, 60 and 600 microU) significantly increased both milk ejection frequency and the number of spikes in the oxytocinergic neurones characteristic bursts. The amount of hormone released for each milk ejection was higher after intraventricular oxytocin injection than before. The strongly excitatory effect of intraventricular oxytocin injection on the milk ejection reflex was not reproduced with arginine vasopressin. PMID- 7254707 TI - Reduced content of vasopressin in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive as compared to normotensive rats. AB - Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) content was measured by radioimmunoassay in the plasma and brain of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) control rats. AVP was reduced in plasma, hypothalamus, amygdala, septum and brain stem of the hypertensive animals. In view of the possible sensitizing effect of vasopressin on the baroreceptor reflex, the reduction of this peptide in the brain stem could contribute to hypertension in SHRsp. PMID- 7254708 TI - Gonadectomy attenuates turning behavior produced by electrical stimulation of the nigrostriatal dopamine system in female but not male rats. AB - Rotational behavior induced by electrical stimulation of ascending dopamine neurons is used as a behavioral model to investigate gender and hormonal influences on extra-hypothalamic dopamine systems. Steroid hormones influence the metabolism of many dopaminergic drugs, and therefore this approach avoids the complications inherent in drug-induced behavior models of dopamine activity. We found that gonadectomy of female, but not male, rats severely attenuates electrical stimulation-induced rotational behavior. This suggests that some female gonadal steroid hormone(s) may modulate the activity of ascending dopamine neurons, while male gonadal hormones do not. PMID- 7254709 TI - Distribution of responses to visual cues for movement in precentral cortex or awake primates. AB - Unit recordings were made from areas 4 and 6 monkeys after they were trained to align a cursor over a vertical target line on a video screen by control of a manipulandum with wrist flexion or extension movement. The appearance of the cursor and line on the screen was the visual cue for movement. Responses were observed 150 (+/- 40) msec after cue presentation. The responses were found only in the forelimb area of precentral cortex, which was most immediately involved in the control of the task, and the majority of them were uncorrelated with either the specific details of the visual cue, or with the direction of the subsequent wrist movement. PMID- 7254710 TI - Single unit recordings in the nuclei raphe dorsalis and magnus during the sleep waking cycle of semi-chronic prepared cats. AB - Single unit recordings were performed in the nuclei raphe dorsalis (RD) and raphe magnus (RM) of semi-chronic prepared cats during spontaneous or cryogenically induced sleep. Of the RD neurons 75% showed a discharge pattern which decreased during slow wave sleep and paradoxical sleep (PS); such a decrease in spiking was related to the occurrence of ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves. to the contrary, 78% of the RM neurons demonstrated a discharge pattern which significantly increased during PS, and especially when PGO waves were present. PMID- 7254713 TI - Endogenous opiates and nociception: a possible functional role in both pain inhibition and detection as revealed by intrathecal naloxone. AB - Naloxone, the opiate antagonist, was injected into the intrathecal space of rats in doses of 15, 30 and 60 micrograms to gauge its effect on the nociceptive threshold as measured by the vocalization test. Whereas 60 micrograms of naloxone produced hyperalgesia, injections of 15 micrograms lead to hypoalgesia. These opposite effects of naloxone depending on the dose used do not support the idea that endogenous opiates have unequivocal effects on pain transmission, and an alternative hypothesis of their role is discussed. PMID- 7254711 TI - Modulation of synaptic output by the transient outward potassium current in aplysia. AB - The mechanisms involved in synaptic output modulation by presynaptic membrane potential was studied in identified Aplysia synapses, where a presynaptic hyperpolarization reduces the postsynaptic potential amplitude. The experiment reported here reveals that a presynaptic conditioning hyperpolarization induces a decreased presynaptic spike amplitude and that the reduction is due to a superimposition of a transient outward potassium current on the inward current. This is demonstrated by the external application of 4-aminopyridine which suppresses the early outward current and thus suppresses the modulation both of the presynaptic spike amplitude and the synaptic output. PMID- 7254712 TI - [3H]2-Deoxy-D-glucose capture in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus of ketamine anesthetized rat. AB - Glucose capture in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus was studied after administration of [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose in ketamine-anesthetized rats, using film and fine-grain emulsion autoradiography. On films, the densest label distribution occurred over the distal one-third of CA1 apical dendrites in both the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. The molecular layer of the dentate gyrus was also heavily labeled. On fine-grain emulsions, grain counts in the neuropil of these regions were significantly higher than over CA1 pyramidal cells or dentate granule cell bodies. It is suggested that the greatest label accumulation in the hippocampus occurs in perisynaptic sites in stratum lacunosum-moleculare of CA1. PMID- 7254715 TI - Correlation between convulsive seizure and geomagnetic activity. AB - The annual percentage of patients with convulsive seizure in the Neurological Department of the Bangur Institute of Neurology, Calcutta, is found to be significantly correlated with the annual values of sunspot numbers and geomagnetic activity indices for the period 1955--1971. For a particular geomagnetic activity index the correlation coefficient is significant at a 99% confidence level. The study shows that a proper choice of elements in the series is important in studies undertaken to establish the biological effects of solar activity. PMID- 7254714 TI - Increased sleep time in the offspring of caffeine-treated dams from two inbred strains of mice. AB - Dams from two inbred strains of mice (C57BR and BALB/c) were treated with caffeine in solution in their drinking water during gestation. Doses of caffeine used corresponded to about 60, 80 or 100 mg/kg/day; controls received tap water. The offspring (as adults) revealed a significantly increased sleep time following caffeine treatment, but primarily as slow wave sleep in the males of the BALB/c strain and paradoxical sleep in the females of the C57BR strain. BALB/c females and C57BR males were relatively unaffected. These results, and in particular the sex differences, are discussed in terms of a possible central site of action of caffeine. PMID- 7254716 TI - 6-Hydroxydopamine and radiofrequency lesions of the lateral entorhinal cortex facilitate an operant appetitive conditioning task in mice. AB - The entorhinal cortex seems heterogeneous as dopaminergic terminals are present only in the anterior part of the lateral entorhinal cortex. In order to clarify the interaction of this cortex with the hippocampus in memory processes, the effects of either 6-hydroxydopamine or radiofrequency bilateral lesions were compared. Both lesions enhance the retention of a Skinner task with continuous reinforcement schedule. Involvement of dopamine in memory processes is discussed. PMID- 7254717 TI - Nerve fiber degeneration following a single experimental cerebral concussion in the rat. AB - This study has demonstrated widespread nerve fiber degeneration (nfd) following experimental cerebral concussion (ECC) in the rat by use of the Fink-Heimer modification of the Nauta--Gygax silver staining method for impregnation of degenerating axons. Beginning approximately 1 mm rostral to the optic chiasm and progressing caudally to the level of the cervical spinal cord and sampling at 600 micrometers intervals, 60 of the most prominent neuronal structures showing nfd have been identified and tend to be associated with 3 sites of injury; the coup, the contrecoup and the craniocervical junction. The duration of ECC was compared to the extent of nfd observed. PMID- 7254718 TI - Nursing process with the battered woman. PMID- 7254719 TI - The elusive disease aortic aneurysm. PMID- 7254720 TI - Financing health promotion/wellness. PMID- 7254721 TI - Concepts of power. PMID- 7254723 TI - Concern over the Reagan Administration's attitude toward health matters. PMID- 7254722 TI - Informed consent. PMID- 7254724 TI - Pelvic coccidioidomycosis. AB - Pelvic inflammatory disease due to Coccidioides immitis is rare. However, female patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis may have unrecognized pelvic involvement as pelvic examinations are frequently not performed. Inappropriate and inadequate therapy of pelvic coccidioidomycosis may very well contribute to the demise of such patients. The diagnosis must also be suspected in patients with pelvic abscesses which do not respond to antibiotic therapy and conventional surgery. Extirpative surgery, in addition to amphotericin B, is frequently necessary to eradicate the disease. A patient is reported whose course illustrates these conclusions. PMID- 7254725 TI - Microsurgical reanastomosis of the fallopian tubes for reversal of sterilization. AB - Reversal of previous tubal ligation procedures for the restoration of fertility has become an increasingly frequent request. Microsurgical techniques are believed to offer a postoperative pregnancy rate superior to that obtained with macroscopic procedures. Of 63 women who requested reversal, microsurgical reanastomosis was performed in 40. With at least 6 months' follow-up, 22 women have become pregnant (55%), and there has been 1 ectopic pregnancy (2.5%). Comparison with previous studies using standard macroscopic techniques indicates that the use of meticulous surgical methods with precise reapproximation of the fallopian tubes results in a significant (P less than .005) improvement in pregnancy rates. PMID- 7254726 TI - Natural family planning III. Intermenstrual symptoms and estimated time of ovulation. AB - Several periovulatory symptoms sometimes used in natural family planning are correlated with the estimated time of ovulation in 23 subjects and 64 hormonally normal menstrual cycles. The data suggest that intermenstrual pain may not be due to 1 specific cause but rather to several related factors. As a symptom of ovulation, intermenstrual pain was more specific than lower backache, abdominal bloating, and intermenstrual bleeding nonetheless, intermenstrual pain has a broad periovulatory association. The most reproducible and predictable sign of this series appeared to be the postovulatory occurrence of breast tenderness. PMID- 7254727 TI - Discriminatory hCG zone: its use in the sonographic evaluation for ectopic pregnancy. AB - The most reliable ultrasonographic criteria for diagnosing ectopic pregnancy are based on the appearance of the uterus in the presence of a positive urine pregnancy test. The absence of an intrauterine sac signifies ectopic pregnancy, whereas its presence indicates intrauterine gestation. These criteria cannot be applied when serum pregnancy tests are used unless the serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level at which the sac of an intrauterine pregnancy becomes visible on ultrasound is known, because these tests are far more sensitive and identify pregnancy at an earlier stage than does sonar. In this study, the hCG level that distinguishes patients with intrauterine pregnancies in whom a gestational sac can be seen from those in whom it cannot be seen was determined and designated the discriminatory hCG zone. This zone lies between 6000 and 65000 mIU/ml. The absence of an intrauterine sac in conjunction with hCG values above this level signifies ectopic pregnancy; however, the absence of an intrauterine sac has no diagnostic significance when associated with hCG values below the discriminatory zone. An intrauterine sac associated with hCG levels above the discriminatory zone reliably indicates an intrauterine pregnancy, but at hCG values below the zone, it is suggestive of an abnormal pregnancy-either a missed abortion or an ectopic gestation. PMID- 7254728 TI - Angular intrauterine pregnancy. AB - Implantation of the embryo in the uterine angle, medial to the uterotubal junction, may lead to several complications, both during pregnancy (persisting uterine pain and bleeding, spontaneous abortion, ruptured uterus) and in the puerperium (retained placenta). Nevertheless this entity is still rarely discussed in textbooks or in the literature. Its differential diagnosis from interstitial tubal pregnancy and cornual pregnancy is often confused. Four new cases of angular pregnancy with varied outcomes are described and 35 cases from the literature of the past 50 years are reviewed. Uterine anomalies, myomas, and uterotubal implantation may be predisposing conditions in a minority of cases. The differential diagnosis of angular intrauterine pregnancy from interstitial pregnancy, based on the position of the gestational enlargement in relation to the round ligament, is considered and the management discussed. PMID- 7254729 TI - Chronic endometritis: morphologic and clinical observations. AB - The histologic and clinical manifestations of chronic endometritis were reviewed in 99 women. The morphologic features found to be of value in diagnosing this condition were superficial stromal edema, increased stromal density, and pleomorphic stromal inflammatory infiltrate dominated by lymphocytes in the absence of premenstrual changes or any other significant pathologic endometrial lesions. When these changes were present, a plasma cell infiltrate was invariably found. Clinically, the major presenting complaint was vaginal bleeding in 94% of the patients. No correlation was found between the presenting clinical complaint and either the extent of the lesion or the number of plasma cells in the leukocyte infiltrate. On follow-up, the lesion appeared to be eradicated by biopsy or curettage in approximately 80% of the patients. The major predisposing conditions were found to be intrauterine leiomyomas and a recent endometrial biopsy or curettage. The limitations of the plasma cells criterion for recognition of the lesion are discussed. PMID- 7254730 TI - Accuracy of colposcopically directed biopsy in patients with cervical neoplasia. AB - The histologic diagnoses of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix obtained by examining the colposcopically directed biopsy material from 643 patients were compared with those of the surgical material subsequently obtained. The procedures during which samples were acquired included hysterectomy (370), cervical conization (263), cervical amputation (2), and removal of a retained cervical stump (8). The diagnostic accuracy of colposcopically directed biopsy was 93.0% in those patients with satisfactory colposcopy, ie, the final diagnosis did not differ by more than 1 grade from that of the directed biopsy diagnosis. Two patients with widespread stage III cervical intraepithelial neoplasia on directed biopsy had microinvasive carcinoma in the therapeutic cone specimen. All invasive carcinomas (stage IB, occult) were diagnosed by directed biopsy and confirmed by subsequent examination of the surgical specimen. PMID- 7254731 TI - Laser therapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. PMID- 7254733 TI - Fetal versus maternal rights: medical and legal perspectives. AB - This report deals with a patient's refusal to undergo cesarean section, which was recommended when fetal distress occurred in labor. Faced with this conflict of maternal and fetal rights, the physicians, administrators, and attorneys of the hospital requested a hearing and decision on the issue by the juvenile court. As a result cesarean section was performed as ordered by the court to safeguard the life of the unborn infant in spite of the objections of the mother. This case, in part, illustrates the need for the administrative capability to deal with such a situation even on an emergency basis, and a possible solution when this situation arises. PMID- 7254732 TI - Effects of prostaglandin inhibition on vasopressin levels in women with primary dysmenorrhea. AB - Arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations in plasma were studied in women with primary dysmenorrhea before and after treatment with naproxen, and in healthy control women on the first day of menstruation. In the treated group the AVP concentration was about 4 times higher than that in the controls, and the AVP level remained unchanged after almost complete pain relief had been obtained by treatment with the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in plasma osmolality and sodium concentration on the first day of menstruation, or in the concentrations of progesterone and estradiol at this time or in the midluteal phase of the preceding menstrual cycle. These results indicate that increased secretion of AVP may play an etiologic role in dysmenorrhea, activating the uterus via a final step of prostaglandin synthesis an release. PMID- 7254735 TI - Trends in obstetric-gynecologic academic manpower-1980. PMID- 7254738 TI - Endobronchial metastases from clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina. PMID- 7254734 TI - Effects of reduction of placental size in sheep. AB - The number of uterine caruncles was reduced by electrocautery in nonpregnancy sheep. Subsequent pregnancies were studied as chronic fetal sheep preparations between 110 days' gestation and term; findings were compared with those for control chronic fetal sheep preparations at a similar gestational age. As a result of decreased weight and reduced number of cotyledons, the placenta in experimental animals was significantly smaller compared with that in controls. The weights of the fetal liver and heart were decreased, fetal PO2 was decreased, and fetal PCO2 and hematocrit levels were increased in the experimental group. Fetal plasma fructose levels were decreased in experimental animals, but fetal blood lactate, pyruvate, and plasma glucose levels were similar in both groups. No differences were demonstrated in fetal plasma or amniotic fluid cortisol levels and amniotic fluid lecithin : sphingomyelin ratios. Fetal respiratory-like activity was significantly depressed in the experimental group. PMID- 7254739 TI - Pregnancy and diabetes. PMID- 7254737 TI - Production of testosterone and estrogen in vitro by gonadal tissue from a 46,XY true hermaphrodite with gonadal failure and gonadoblastoma. AB - A phenotypic female patients with 46,XY true hermaphroditism and clitoromegaly was found at laparotomy to have normal mullerian structures with a right streak gonad and a left dysgenetic ovotestis that contained a gonadoblastoma. Karyotypes of peripheral lymphocytes and cells from labial skin and both gonads were all 46,XY, so an unrecognized mosaic or chimera was unlikely. Tissue from both gonads was studied in vitro and estrogen and testosterone production measured. The streak produced 186.6 pg/mg/24 hr of estrogen and 78 pg/mg/24 hr of testosterone, whereas the dysgenetic ovotestis produced 85.8 pg/mg/24 hr of estrogen and 184.6 pg/mg/24 hr of testosterone (more than double the testosterone produced by the streak). Comparisons between these data and those previously published suggest that dysgenetic streak gonadal tissue is more active steroidogenically than postmenopausal ovarian stroma. PMID- 7254740 TI - A leading pharmaceutical company speaks some words of encouragement about the drugs you prescribe. PMID- 7254741 TI - The future of pharmaceuticals. PMID- 7254742 TI - Promoting appropriate prescribing. PMID- 7254736 TI - Double uterine septa: a previously undescribed entity. PMID- 7254743 TI - The unwitting abusers. PMID- 7254744 TI - Some prescribing problems. PMID- 7254745 TI - The Ohio State Medical Board. PMID- 7254746 TI - The Ohio Board of Pharmacy. PMID- 7254747 TI - Guidelines for prescribers of controlled substances. A joint statement of the Drug Enforcement Administration and the DEA/Practitioners Working Committee. PMID- 7254748 TI - Epistaxis and the primary physician. PMID- 7254749 TI - Pregnancy and medical disability. PMID- 7254750 TI - When in the U.S....do as the Swedes do. PMID- 7254752 TI - Claims trends mandate rate adjustments (effective june 1). PMID- 7254751 TI - The saga of one man's medicine chest. PMID- 7254753 TI - The results of clean intermittent catheterization on the abnormal upper urinary tracts of children with myelomeningocele. PMID- 7254754 TI - A management seminar for senior residents. PMID- 7254755 TI - Sudden hearing loss. PMID- 7254756 TI - The development of the forebrain in Trichosurus vulpecula. PMID- 7254757 TI - Structure and innervation of the papilla incisiva (papilla palatina) of the shrew, Sorex unguiculatus. PMID- 7254759 TI - The posterior deep temporal artery of the crab-eating monkey. PMID- 7254760 TI - [Effect of maternal genotype on the rate of preimplantation development in mice]. AB - The genetic control of the rate of preimplantation development was studied in the mouse embryos. The number of cells in the embryo and the percentage of embryos at the blastocyst stage were determined on the 3.5 day of pregnancy. The experiments were carried out with CBA, A/He, C57Bl/Mib mice and mice homozygous by the mutant genes white (Miwh), fidget (fi) and ocular retardation (or), congenic with the inbred C57Bl/Mib mice. Contrasting differences were found between C57Bl/Mib and fi/fi mice. The rate of development of the morphologically normal C57Bl/Mib and fi/fi and F1 embryo was shown to depend on the maternal genotype, rather than on the paternal one. The effect of maternal genotype of the rate of preimplantation development was related to differences in the time of beginning of the cleavage. The rate of cleavage is similar for the C57Bl/Mib, fi/fi and F1 embryos. PMID- 7254761 TI - [Inducibility of osteogenic precursor cells of the cranial periosteum in adult rabbits]. AB - As was shown in the experiments with the model of ectopic osteogenesis in the diffusion chambers placed in the abdominal cavity of adult rabbits, the periosteum of skull vault bones of these rabbits contained inducible osteogenic cells-precursors, rather than the determined ones. The differentiation of periosteal cells in the bone and cartilage cells was observed in the diffusion chambers only if the interaction of these cells with the osteogenic inductor, resolving minced bone tissue, was possible. Neither bone, nor cartilage tissue was formed in the chambers with periosteum of minced bone tissue only. PMID- 7254758 TI - An autopsy case of horseshoe kidney. PMID- 7254762 TI - [Estradiol receptors in the hypothalamus of androgenized female and castrated male rats]. AB - The content of receptors to estradiol was determined in cytosol of preoptical anterior hypothalamic area and arcuate nucleus and medial eminence region of the neonatally androgenized females, neonatally castrate male and, for the control, in sexually mature intact rat males and females. The neonatal androgenization of females resulted in the decrease of the content of receptors in preoptical anterior hypothalamic area and did no affect their content in arcuate nucleus and medial eminence region. The neonatal castration of males resulted in the increase of the content of receptors in preoptical-anterior hypothalamic area and its decrease in arcuate nucleus and medial eminence region. PMID- 7254763 TI - [Effect of a factor (factors) secreted by human amnion cells on the proliferative activity of normal and transformed fibroblasts]. AB - The effect of FL-medium obtained upon cultivation of the human amniotic cells (FL) on the proliferative activity of intact (from spleen of C3H mice) and transformed (L-cells) fibroblasts was studied. The effect depended on the intensity of cell division: in case of high mitotic activity of fibroblasts in the control cultures FL-medium inhibited their proliferation and in case of low activity stimulated their division. It is suggested that the human amniotic cells secrete a factor (s) regulating the mitotic activity of cells in the culture medium. PMID- 7254764 TI - [Radiosensitivity of CFU from mouse embryos from the 12th to the 19th day of development]. PMID- 7254765 TI - [Action of cyclophosphamide in a culture of rat postimplantation embryos]. AB - The effect of cyclophosphamide (CPA) on the development of postimplantation rat embryos in vitro both in the homologous blood serum added with CPA and in the blood serum of the animals pretreated with CPA was studied. The latter method, unlike the former one, allows to take into account the metabolism of CPA in the organism of rats. It is proved by the similarity of teratogenic effects upon cultivation of the embryos in the blood serum of the rats pretreated with CPA and upon the effect of CPA on the embryos developing in vivo. The method for cultivation of the postimplantation embryos in vitro may be recommended for testing drugs subject to metabolic transformations. PMID- 7254766 TI - [Effect of stress in early ontogeny on the circadian rhythm of rat corticosteroid function]. AB - The effect of short-term stress (cooling) during different periods of early ontogenesis on the characteristics of circadian rhythm of the corticosteroid function in adult animals were studied in the experiments with rats. The stressing of 2--4 and 17--19 days old rats was shown to modify the phase characteristics of circadian rhythm of the basal function of suprarenals in the adults. The circadian characteristics of reaction of the adults to stress suffered respective changes. The stimulation in the early ontogenesis did not affect the function of isolated suprarenals, thus suggesting that the changes in phase characteristics of circadian periodicity of the corticosteroid function are based on the influence of early stress effects on the regulatory system of this function. The pattern of early stress effects modifying the rhythm depends on the age of animals under stress. PMID- 7254767 TI - [Effects of a single dose of the mutant gene CatFr in mouse ontogeny]. AB - A study of the lenses of CatFr/+ and +/+ mice at different stages of embryonic and postembryonic development by means of electron and light microscopy has shown that the effect of CatFr gene single dose is characterized by a more rapid denucleation of lens fibers, as compared with the normal development. Defects of the nuclear envelope structure, similar with those described earlier for homozygotes, were observed in the developing lenses of heterozygotes. In CatFr/+ mice, unlike in homozygotes, the nuclei of primary lens fibers are not practically affected but those of secondary fibers are destroyed, thus leading to the lysis of these fibers and the development of cataract. The expression of CatFr gene in heterozygotes is due to additive interaction of its effects and "denucleation" process. PMID- 7254768 TI - [Permeability of acetone-glued diffusion chambers with walls made of the HAWP millipore filter for erythrocytes in in vivo cultivation]. AB - When studying the differentiation potencies of cells of the chick embryo at the stage of early blastoderm in the diffusion chambers with walls of millipore filter HAWP placed intraperitoneally, it is necessary to be sure that the chambers are impermeable for the blood cells. The chambers made with the use of aceton for glueing the millipore filter onto the ring of organic glass may be permeable for erythrocytes incapable of active movement. The appearance of erythrocytes in the chamber creates the illusion of hemopoiesis in the culture. Within several days of cultivation in the abdominal cavity, a monolayer of macrophages is formed outside the chamber which prevents the penetration of erythrocytes in the chamber. PMID- 7254770 TI - Intraocular lens calculation: the problem of the short eye. PMID- 7254769 TI - Midline forehead flap in reconstructive procedures of the eyelids and exenterated socket. AB - The midline forehead flap is a good, versatile alternative when more standard techniques cannot be used to reconstruct the eyelids, medial canthus or exenterated socket. Indications are where: (1) the recipient site has a poor blood supply; (2) standard reconstructive procedures have failed; (3) deep, as well as superficial, tissue loss is present; and (4) extensive tissue loss is present. Four patients illustrate the value and versatility of the midline forehead flap. Disadvantages also are discussed. PMID- 7254771 TI - Scleral relaxing incision used for wound closure. PMID- 7254772 TI - Amputation neuroma mistaken for recurrent melanoma in the orbit. PMID- 7254774 TI - Use of stereo headphones for patient relaxation during cataract surgery under local anesthesia. PMID- 7254773 TI - Management of epithelial cysts of the anterior chamber. AB - Epithelial cysts in the anterior chamber are treated only if they obstruct the pupil or cause other serious complications. A closed-eye method is used in aphakic eyes to collapse the cyst and devitalize the epithelial cells using cryotherapy without incising the cyst wall. In phakic eyes, the cyst is dissected away from the cornea and the partially excised through an open-sky approach followed by transscleral cryotherapy to devitalize epithelial remnants. Four of seven eyes operated on with these methods were successfully treated without complications. Persistent cystoid macular edema occurred in two of the other three eyes, and one eye developed a postoperative sheet-like epithelial ingrowth requiring further surgery and resulting in corneal edema. The cyst did not recur in any of these seven eyes. PMID- 7254775 TI - The natural history of gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. AB - Twenty-nine Finnish patients (8-80 years old during follow-up) with hyperornithinemia and gyrate atrophy (HOGA) were followed 2 to 31 years to determine when and how rapidly visual acuities and visual functions were affected by the disease. Considerable variability was observed both in the age at which visual acuities began to decrease and the age at which visual acuities reached 20/200. Acuities in phakic eyes tended to decrease from 20/30 to 20/200 in ten years or less, while aphakic eyes exhibited generally slower loss of vision. Without benefit of cataract surgery, the percentage of eyes with acuity 20/200 or worse would have been 37% at age 30 and 64% at age 40, but through surgery actually performed was 20% at age 40. Constriction of visual fields with age was marked and correlated well with diminution in dark adaptation. PMID- 7254776 TI - Systemic manifestations of gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. AB - In ten patients with gyrate atrophy (GA) and hyperornithinemia, the head hair was fine, straight, and sparse. On microscopic examination, both scalp and pubic hair contained intermittent dark cores within the medullary zone, which was not a deposit, but appeared to be due to the unusual refractive properties of loosely formed macrofilaments amidst wide spaces containing a structureless electron lucent but compact substance, which was insoluble in both water and solvents. Seven of the ten patients had abnormal wave forms on electroencephalography. Three of the five patients who underwent muscle biopsy had tubular aggregates. Of particular interest was the toxicity of exogenous ornithine added to muscle cell culture from GA patients as compared with the lack of toxicity in muscle from control patients. What specific role the hyperornithinemia and absence of OAT is playing in the histopathology of hair and muscle and the EEG changes awaits further biochemical investigation. PMID- 7254777 TI - Ocular findings in patients with gyrate atrophy on pyridoxine and low-protein, low-arginine diets. AB - Five patients, ages 12 to 30, with gyrate atrophy have shown substantial (60% or greater) decreases in plasma ornithine concentrations within four to eight weeks when placed on a therapeutic trial of low-protein (10-15 g/day), low-arginine diets supplemented with essential amino acids (EAA) and pyridoxine hydrochloride. Four of five patients have continued on modified protein restriction (20-35 g/day) and one on pyridoxine (300 mg/day) alone with maintenance of plasma ornithine in the range of 30 to 60% below pretherapeutic trial levels. After one year, four of five patients have shown no significant improvement in visual acuity, fields, final dark-adapted thresholds, electroretinograms, or fundus appearance. One patient with the poorest control of plasma ornithine has developed a decrease in ERG amplitudes and a new area of chorioretinal atrophy. These patients continue in this trial to determine whether or not any reductions in hyperornithinemia will modify the course of the ocular disease. PMID- 7254778 TI - Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. Biochemical considerations and experience with an arginine-restricted diet. AB - Ornithine-delta-aminotransferase deficiency is the primary biochemical defect in gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina and results in the characteristic accumulation of ornithine. An additional consequence of this inborn error is that arginine, the precursor of ornithine, becomes an essential amino acid. Therefore, to reduce the accumulated ornithine, we placed nine gyrate atrophy patients on an arginine-restricted diet. Plasma ornithine decreased by 50 to 85% within one month. Orally administered, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid facilitated the reduction in ornithine by augmenting renal losses. Over the long term, three patients have maintained near normal plasma ornithine concentrations from 4 to 32 months. Two patients have maintained less striking reductions in ornithine, and four have either been poorly controlled or have terminated the diet. Urinary losses of arginine and ornithine in gyrate atrophy patients with high or low plasma ornithine concentrations are less than 50% of the estimated arginine intake. This observation suggests that the bulk of ingested arginine is somehow metabolized despite the severe reduction in ornithine-delta-aminotransferase activity. PMID- 7254779 TI - Experimental model of gyrate atrophy in animals. AB - Intravitreal injection of L-ornithine hydrochloride in physiologic saline solution caused marked edema specifically in the pigment epithelium of Sprague Dawley strain albino and Evans black hooded rats and rhesus and cynomologus monkeys. Swelling of the pigment epithelial cells, which was most prominent four hours after the injection, disappeared by 24 hours. However, many pigment epithelial cells gradually degenerated resulting in patches of denuded areas. The photoreceptor cells overlying the damaged pigment epithelium degenerated secondarily. PMID- 7254780 TI - Anterior segment and retinal pigmentary abnormalities in arteriohepatic dysplasia. AB - Arteriohepatic dysplasia (AHD, Alagille's syndrome) is presumed to be one of the six known familial intrahepatic cholestatic syndromes, all of which present with neonatal jaundice or failure to thrive, or both. Accurate early diagnosis of the proper syndrome is important, as arteriohepatic dysplasia has a good prognosis, whereas the other syndromes usually lead to death in infancy or early adulthood. Posterior embryotoxon was found in all five of our patients and may be one of the hallmarks of this syndrome. Axenfeld's anomaly was present in three of five patients, and retinal pigmentary abnormalities were found in four of five patients. Variable abnormalities were found in the cardiovascular system, bones, central nervous system, kidneys, endocrine system, and body habitus. Inheritance may be autosomal dominant as vertical transmission was documented in one family. Liver function improves during the first five years of life so that only the ocular and skeletal signs may be present in adults. PMID- 7254781 TI - Manpower studies for the United States. Part II. Demand for eye care. A public opinion poll based upon a Gallup poll survey. AB - This is the second in the series of Ophthalmology Manpower Studies. Part I presented estimates of disease prevalence and incidence, the average amount of time required to care for such conditions, and based on that information, the total hours of ophthalmological services required to care for all the projected need in the population. Using different estimates of the average number of hours worked per year per ophthalmologist (based on a 35, 40 and 48 hours/week in patient care), estimates of the total number of ophthalmologists required were calculated. This method is basically similar to the method later adopted by the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC) to arrive at estimates of hours of ophthalmological services required for 1990. However, instead of using all the need present in the population, the GMENAC panel chose to use an "adjusted-needs based" model as a compromise between total need and actual utilization, the former being an overestimation and the latter being an underestimation since it is in part a function of the barriers to medical care. Since some of these barriers to medical care include informational factors, as well as availability and accessibility, this study was undertaken to assess the utilization of these services and the adequacy of present ophthalmological manpower in the opinion of the consumer. Also, since the consumer's choice or behavior depends on being informed about the differences between optometrists and ophthalmologists, such knowledge was assessed and the responses further evaluated after explanatory statements were made to the responders. PMID- 7254782 TI - Clinical implications of iridocorneal angle development. AB - Prenatal development of the iridocorneal angle was studied by scanning electron microscopy in 99 eyes from macaque monkeys, aged 60 days gestation and older. By the second gestational trimester, the angle is entirely lined by an intact endothelium. During the final trimester, concomitant with the development of aqueous outflow facility, this endothelium fenestrates and gradually "retracts" from iris to peripheral cornea, progressively exposing the underlying, well developed trabecular meshwork. Only minor gestational delays, or reversal in adults of this endothelial "retraction" mechanism would mimic, respectively, the clinical pictures of congenital glaucoma and the iridocorneal endothelial syndromes. PMID- 7254783 TI - Malignant melanoma of the choroid associated with oculodermal melanocytosis. PMID- 7254784 TI - Disorders of the fundus. Albinism. PMID- 7254785 TI - Routine serum carcinoembryonic antigen level determination. PMID- 7254786 TI - Bilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss of unknown etiology. AB - Clinical observations of 28 cases with bilateral idiopathic progressive sensorineural hearing loss (BIPSNHL) were made in comparison with the data from the Research Committee of the ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan. Two types with correlation to the age of onset were found in BIPSNHL; the juvenile type which starts at an early age, and the adult type which is found after maturity. The significance of these two types was discussed. Correct diagnosis is only possible after long-term observations and regular audiometry. PMID- 7254787 TI - [Endocrine testing of sexual dysfunction in chronic alcoholic males]. PMID- 7254788 TI - [Current method of continuous observation of rhythm disorders: monitoring of dysrhythmia]. PMID- 7254789 TI - [Significance of angiography in the diagnosis and surgical therapy of neck tumors]. PMID- 7254790 TI - [Regenerative nodular hyperplasia of the liver]. PMID- 7254792 TI - [Brain tumor in childhood (treatment based on 25 years' experience in the practice of pediatric neurology)]. PMID- 7254791 TI - [A simple method for the titration of phospholipase-C]. PMID- 7254795 TI - [The role of Gramurin syrup in urinary tract (and other) infections in infancy and childhood]. PMID- 7254794 TI - [Psychological and neurosomatic follow-up studies of children of mothers treated with dexamethasone]. PMID- 7254793 TI - [Comparative studies using the secretin, pancreozymin and Lundh tests]. PMID- 7254796 TI - [Errors and failures in the treatment of spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 7254798 TI - [Detection, diagnosis, therapy and care of breast cancer]. PMID- 7254797 TI - [Bronze baby syndrome (unusual complication of phototherapy)]. PMID- 7254799 TI - [Sudden infant death]. PMID- 7254800 TI - [Iron metabolism in healthy pregnant women based on serum ferritin level, studied by immunoradiometry]. PMID- 7254801 TI - [Significance of the determination of steroid receptors in breast cancer]. PMID- 7254802 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of pathogenic Leptospirae]. PMID- 7254803 TI - [Colonic complications of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7254804 TI - [Infarct registry--analysis after a decade]. PMID- 7254805 TI - [Pachydermoperiostosis (Touraine-Solente-Gode syndrome)]. PMID- 7254806 TI - [What is wrong with drugs? (1981)]. PMID- 7254807 TI - [Primary and secondary hypertension in childhood]. PMID- 7254808 TI - [Experience with the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea]. PMID- 7254809 TI - [2 cases of syncumar necrosis of unusual localization]. PMID- 7254810 TI - [Genital actinomycosis and its prevention in women wearing IUD's]. PMID- 7254811 TI - [Guidelines for the registration of patients treated for tuberculous and non tuberculous lung diseases in 1980]. PMID- 7254812 TI - [Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography and the exocrine function of the pancreas. Comparative studies]. PMID- 7254813 TI - [Changes in kidney function in patients with colon tumors treated with nephrotoxic antibiotics]. PMID- 7254814 TI - [Potter's syndrome with amelia manifested predominantly by right sided abnormalities]. PMID- 7254815 TI - [Etiology and clinical course of adult respiratory distress syndrome among our patients]. PMID- 7254816 TI - [Late functional sequelae of total gastrectomy]. PMID- 7254817 TI - [Gastric amyloidosis simulating a malignant tumor]. PMID- 7254818 TI - [Folk medicine and superstition among the Kabyles in Algeria]. PMID- 7254820 TI - [Subluxation of the spine in rheumatoid arthritis due to inflammatory changes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254819 TI - [Aspiration biopsy of the spine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254821 TI - [Biomechanics of clinical symptoms caused by inflammatory diseases of the cervical spine and their therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254822 TI - [Osteotomy of the cervical spine in Bechterew's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254823 TI - [The partition of so-called periarthritis of the shoulder (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254824 TI - [Pathology of the so-called rotator cuff tendinitis]. PMID- 7254825 TI - [Tendinitis calcarea of shoulder joint (T.c.) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254826 TI - [Ruptures of the rotator cuff. Results and perspectives of the retrostructure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254828 TI - [Osteotomy of the scapula and the acropole prosthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254827 TI - [Resection and extension of a compressed shoulder ligament]. PMID- 7254829 TI - [Experiences with the operative treatment of rotator cuff rupture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254830 TI - [Results of mobilization under narcosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254831 TI - [The juxta humeral capsulotomy - technic and indications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254833 TI - Symposium on congenital disorders in otolaryngology. PMID- 7254832 TI - [Double osteotomy of the shoulder joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254835 TI - Otorhinolaryngologic problems in patients with craniofacial anomalies. PMID- 7254836 TI - Mendelian genetics and cytogenetics in otolaryngology. AB - The numerous inherited disorders involving the head and neck are best understood against the background of Mendelian genetics. An appreciation of patterns of inheritance and the factors that modify or simulate then allows the clinician to weigh the importance of family history, to evaluate the basic mechanisms involved in the disorder, and to give advice concerning future generations. PMID- 7254834 TI - Cleft lip, cleft palate, and other fusion disorders. AB - The more common consequences of mesodermal migrational delay or failure in the fourth to seventh weeks of gestational life and of plate fusion failure in the seventh to twelfth weeks of gestational life are cleft lip and cleft palate, respectively. The team approach with a balanced emphasis allowing optimal development of deglutition, speech, hearing, facial growth, and dental development combined with acceptable esthetic results provides comprehensive treatment and an improved outlook for this long term problem. PMID- 7254837 TI - Current surgery of craniofacial anomalies. AB - Craniofacial dysplasia is a term covering all types of skeletal anomalies. Craniofacial surgery has made possible the movement of any bone of the face or skull to correct such deformities. Such surgery is a new and separate subspecialty and should be limited to a few regional centers. There are numerous osteotomies available. The common ones are the Le Fort I, II, and III for advancement of different segments of the midface, orbital hypertelorism correction converting each orbit into a box, which moves medially together with the eyeball, and advancement of the forehead to correct premature coronal synostosis in infancy or forehead recession in Crouzon's or Apert's syndrome. In hemifacial microsomia, the asymmetrical skeleton is rotated about the facial midline to produce symmetry, and the mandibular ascending ramus and temporomandibular joint are constructed if absent. Combinations of the various osteotomies are possible, depending upon the type of deformity as assessed by the craniofacial team. Psychosocial study indicates that surgical correction should be undertaken as early as is technically feasible. The four main complications are death, blindness, brain damage, and infection. PMID- 7254839 TI - Branchial cleft cysts, sinuses, and fistulas. PMID- 7254838 TI - Congenital choanal atresia. AB - Bilateral choanal atresia is a medical emergency. With good nursing care and close observation, surgery may be delayed until it is deemed safe and there is a good chance of success. Surgical treatment of unilateral atresia is better delayed to optimize the conditions for successful surgery. There are three surgical approaches for the correction of this anomaly: transnasal, transpalatal, and trans-septal. Each has advantages and disadvantages. The patient's age is an important consideration in the choice of the technique. Partial vomer removal minimizes the likelihood of restenosis. It is widely accepted that the transnasal microsurgical technique has improved the safety and success rate in infants and younger children. The transpalatal or trans-septal approach is preferred in older children and adults. PMID- 7254840 TI - Thyroglossal duct and ectopic thyroid disorders. PMID- 7254841 TI - Congenital laryngeal anomalies. AB - The physician who is called upon to evaluate stridor in the newborn must be familiar with common congenital lesions of the larynx. Congenital stridor is a symptom of an underlying problem that must be accurately diagnosed to be properly and effectively managed. This requires a complete history and physical examination to discover the type of stridor and its association with feeding difficulties or cyanosis. Careful evaluation of the cry is important. Radiologic examinations are of great value in providing additional information concerning laryngeal anomalies. The mainstay of diagnosis is endoscopic examination. Familiarity with these anomalies, their symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment will provide for better care of the pediatric patient with stridor. PMID- 7254842 TI - Esophagel atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula: review and update. PMID- 7254843 TI - Embryology, Teratology, and arrested developmental disorders in otolaryngology. AB - The normal embryonic development of the head and neck is reviewed, with emphasis on the branchial derivatives. To understand teratology and the arrested developmental disorders in otolaryngology, a knowledge of normal embryogenesis is important. A brief review of some important congenital anomalies and syndromes is presented. PMID- 7254844 TI - The otolaryngologist as genetic counselor. PMID- 7254845 TI - What is congenital disease? PMID- 7254846 TI - Phylogeny and its clinical significance. AB - The creation of the universe, the origin of life, and the rise of the one celled organism to man are reviewed. The embryologic development of man recapitulates the entire phylogenesis. The evolution of the sense organs (ear and nose) and food and airway passages is discussed in detail. Finally, observations are made regarding phylogenetic development and its relation to human congenital malformations and other pathologic processes. PMID- 7254847 TI - Congenital lop ear deformity. AB - Congenital lop ear is a malformation secondary to an autosomal dominant mendelian factor. This anomaly may be surgically corrected as early as the preschool age. The surgical technique presented is derived from many sources with some personal modifications. It consists of cartilage excision and incision and the use of horizontal mattress sutures. The surgical procedure is organized into six steps. This technique is easy to learn and useful in the training or residents. The complications of otoplasty are discussed. PMID- 7254848 TI - Congenital aural malformations: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7254849 TI - [Venous anastomosis after bilateral radical cervical lymphadenectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254850 TI - [Loss of chorda tympani function and the secretory efficiency of the parotid gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254851 TI - [Centile norms for evaluation of directional hearing in free acoustic field (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254852 TI - [Age effect on differentiation of small changes in tone frequency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254853 TI - [Investigation in free acoustic field of the ability of directional hearing as a function of frequency and intensity of tonal signals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254854 TI - [A case of retropharyngeal space hamartoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254855 TI - [A case of a giant osteoma of the ethmoid labyrinth (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254857 TI - [Post-traumatic chronic temporal bone osteitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254856 TI - [Two cases of epidural abscesses during sinusitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254858 TI - [Malignant neuroma of the peripheral part of the zygomatic nerve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254859 TI - [Thyroid radioisotope investigations of patients with laryngeal carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254861 TI - [Foreign body of the parotid gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254860 TI - [Nasal haemangiopericytoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254862 TI - [A case of neck neuroblastoma in a child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254863 TI - [Results of treatment of laryngeal cancer according to the data of the Otolaryngological Clinic. Medical Academy, in Gdansk during the years 1961-1970]. PMID- 7254864 TI - Anti-trust violations and practicing physicians. PMID- 7254865 TI - The Hispanic patient. PMID- 7254866 TI - Goodwill registry valuates medical practices. PMID- 7254867 TI - Estate planning for the senior physician. PMID- 7254868 TI - Papillary carcinoma in recurrent thyroglossal duct cyst. PMID- 7254869 TI - Confusing varieties of depression in childhood. PMID- 7254870 TI - Radiotherapy in managing laryngeal carcinoma. PMID- 7254871 TI - [Determination and typing of Klebsiella species from fecal specimens]. PMID- 7254872 TI - [The impact of hemostasis disorders in septic shock]. PMID- 7254873 TI - [Malaria chemotherapy]. PMID- 7254874 TI - [The value of colonoscopy in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7254875 TI - Protective properties of certain isolated structures from the microbial cell of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7254876 TI - [Gianotti-Crosti syndrome in the course of juvenile acute hepatitis B infection]. PMID- 7254877 TI - [Necrotizing enterocolitis in premature and newborn infants from 1968-1980]. PMID- 7254878 TI - [Diarrhea caused by occasionally pathogenic bacteria? Clinical criteria for the evaluation of the role of causative agents]. PMID- 7254879 TI - [Pneumococcal meningitis in children]. PMID- 7254880 TI - A survey on breast feeding practices at Dr Pirngadi Hospital Medan. PMID- 7254882 TI - Single step gastric aspirate shake test as a screening procedure for predicting the risk of neonatal respiratory distress. PMID- 7254881 TI - Oral rehydration therapy. Sugar-salt solution using special scoop measurement vs. glucose-electrolyte solution. PMID- 7254883 TI - Clinical Diagnosis of dengue haemorrhagic fever in children. PMID- 7254884 TI - Oral rehydration salts A simple and appropriate tool against dehydration due to diarrhoea. PMID- 7254885 TI - [Theoretical and practical aspects of lactation (author's transl]. AB - Several new aspects of lactation are summarized and concerning the current pattern of breast-feeding in the region of Vienna, including the results of recent studies, carried out at the Ith Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Vienna are discussed. Newer theoretical data of the physiology of lactation, in particular the action of prolactin and its inhibition are reviewed. A detailed survey of the advantage of the natural nutrition of the infant with the mother's milk, and the problem "breast-feeding and drugs", is given. The author also presents a new approach in the treatment of postpartal breast-engorgement, purpureal mastitis and primary and secondary inhibition of lactation with bromocriptine. PMID- 7254886 TI - [Illness due to enterolith in children (author's transl)]. AB - The aim of this paper is to emphasize the extreme importance of the rectal examination and exact palpation of the abdomen in cases of obscure abdominal pain, especially as it is purely a question of a simple and inexpensive diagnostical procedure. The rectal examination should always be carried out prior to any large scale diagnostical procedures as it does, in the care of positive findings, spare the child the considerable burden of X-rays. If, after an appendectomy, the same pains that led to the operation continue, one must conclude that their cause has not been removed by the operation. An exact clinical classification should be undertaken to avoid the later occurrence of a critical illness (ileus). As with any diagnosis, it is necessary in the event of enterolith too, to regard it as a possibility. The anamnestic registration of a daily bowel movement should not be a reason for not carrying out the rectal examinations as large quantities of stool can collect. PMID- 7254887 TI - [PCV in newborn babies: a comparison of the hematologic values from the coulter counter with the centrifuged PCV (author's transl)]. AB - The packed cell volume (PCV) is an essential index in the evaluation of distressed newborn babies and often allows an early diagnosis of a hyperviscosity syndrome to be made. The PCV can be measured easily and very accurately by centrifuging a heelprick blood sample in a heparinized glass capillary (PCV-c). Commonly the red blood picture including PCV is determined automatically by means of a Coulter Counter (CC) thus allowing the increasing demands of a bigger unit to be coped with. The comparison of the hematologic values (red coll count, Hgb, PCV) as given by the CC, with the PCV-c shows an excellent correlation between red cell count, Hgb and PCV-c and no statistically significant difference of the mean PCV-values of both methods. However, as the PCV-c proves to be more reliable, a wide scattering of the individual PCV-values obtained by the CC is found. Furthermore there is a marked tendency to lower PCV-readings by the CC in the critical zone above 68%, eventually leading to a delay in the diagnosis of a hyperviscosity syndrome and therefore, at least in neonatology, the PCV-c should be preferred. PMID- 7254888 TI - Hyperaldosteronism after heart surgery in children. Part I: Treatment with aldosterone antagonists. AB - The course of postoperative hyperaldosteronism and its effect on fluid and electrolyte metabolism were studied in children undergoing open and closed heart surgery. Serum sodium was transiently depressed and red cell sodium concentration remained unchanged. Serum and red cell potassium concentrations were low. Hematocrit did not change significantly during the postoperative period ruling out overhydration. Therefore, the electrolyte changes are interpreted to indicate body potassium loss. That hyperaldosteronism caused potassium loss is suggested by an inverse relationship between plasma aldosterone and red cell potassium concentration. No significant differences were observed between patients undergoing open and those undergoing closed heart surgery. An additional, alternately selected group of patients undergoing open heart surgery was treated with aldosterone antagonists beginning 48 hours before surgery. Treatment did not change the course or extent of hyperaldosteronism. Specifically, potassium loss was not diminished and there was no difference in urine volume postoperatively. We conclude that aldosterone antagonists in the dosage used had no effect on the course of postoperative hyperaldosteronism. PMID- 7254890 TI - [The operated ASDI (author's transl)]. AB - The postoperative course of 37 children with atrial septal defect primum type with or without a cleft in the septal mitral or tricuspid valve, is traced. The mortality rate, the number of postoperative rhythmic disorders and the success of functional restitution of the mitral valve are emphasized. The number of patients between 1962-1979 was 37. The age was between 3 years and 5 month and 14 years and 9 month. As a parameter of success or failure of the operation the pre- and postoperative symptoms, the ECG and PCG, the X-ray of the chest and the postoperative echocardiogram were considered. PMID- 7254889 TI - [Research in family dynamics with anorexia nervosa (author's transl)]. AB - 33 anorectic patients between the ages of 9 and 18 were treated from 1975 and 1980 as in-patients at the University clinic of neuro-psychiatry for children and juveniles. Familial criteria such as personal relationships; role allocation according to the Richter system and family structure were used as parameters. Sequence of siblings, age of parents and social factors were also taken into consideration. PMID- 7254892 TI - Paraplegia due to intervertebral disc lesions: a review of 57 operated cases. AB - In a review of 57 cases of paraplegia due to surgically confirmed disc protrusion (representing 0.9 per cent of all admissions to the National Spinal Injuries Centre), seven were in the cervical, 31 in the dorsal and 19 in the lumbar regions. Patients with dorsal disc protrusions treated by laminectomy had the worst neurological outcome. A recent decline in the incidence of neurological dysfunction following disc excision is noted and its probable causes discussed. PMID- 7254891 TI - [Axis deviation of lumbar spine due to abdominal expanding lesions in children (author's transl)]. AB - The deviation of the physiologic lordosis of the lumbar spine is described in 40 cases of abdominal expanding lesions. One can find a lumbar kyphosis between L2 and L4 in retroperitoneal and a straightening between Th12 and L2 in intraperitoneal lesions. The evidence of a deviation of the lumbar axis is an indirect sign for further localisation of the tumor. PMID- 7254893 TI - Non-traumatic adhesive arachnoiditis as a cause of spinal cord syndromes. Investigation of 507 patients. AB - Spinal cord syndromes with a mainly syringomyelic pattern of sensory diorders, radiculopathies, mixed paresis of varying degree (without any history of trauma), have been found in 507 out of 1305 new patients referred to out Clinic from January 1976 till 31 October 1977. In 105 randomised and unselected cases with these syndromes, myelographies have disclosed findings compatible with an adhesive spinal and/or cisternal arachnoiditis. A prospective study of the syndromes for evidence of infectious aetiology has been performed, in which tuberculosis, syphilis and other infections appear to be causative agents. A randomised therapeutic trial on a limited number of cases has been evaluated, as well as the results of specific therapy in a larger number of cases. Results of treatment have not been satisfactory. Operations were performed on only five patients and in no case was an autopsy obtained. Spinal cord syndromes due to non traumatic adhesive arachnoiditis are discussed. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms the predominantly syringomyelic sensory deficits in those syndromes are briefly mentioned. PMID- 7254894 TI - Computed tomography of the spine and spinal cord; limitations and applications. AB - The author presents a comprehensive review of the literature on spinal computerized tomography in the evaluation of spinal fractures and fracture dislocations, degenerative processes with bony encroachment into the spinal canal, disc protrusion, cystic degeneration of the cord, communicating hydro syringomyelia, intra- and extramedullary neoplasms and congenital malformations. Critical analysis of all published data and additional personal experience gained over the past three years make it possible to better define the clinical applications and practical limitations of spinal CT scans. PMID- 7254895 TI - Non-traumatic acquired tetraplegia: case report. AB - A patient who gradually developed tetraplegia caused by an intra-medullary tumour is described. Over a period of 13 years the patient and her family coped very well with the handicap. After neurosurgical intervention no neurological recovery was achieved, but her head movements were restored. This made mobility with an electrical chin-steered wheelchair possible. Some of the difference between an acute and a gradually acquired tetraplegia are discussed. PMID- 7254896 TI - Sarcoidosis as a cause of transverse myelitis: case report. PMID- 7254897 TI - Clinical and experimental studies with oral aluminum hydroxide. AB - Experimental studies in 10 paraplegic patients showed highly significant reduction in urinary saturation associated with the oral administration of aluminium hydroxide. Only 50 per cent of urine samples from five patients with calculous disease were actually undersaturated, however. During clinical studies in 12 patients with renal calculous disease, four had recurrence or growth of calculi while receiving medication, three had no recurrence during therapy, but new stones appeared after the medication was stopped, and five had no growth or recurrence either during therapy or after its cessation. PMID- 7254898 TI - A new device for fastening the condom sheath. PMID- 7254899 TI - Complications of external condom drainage. AB - As a result of recent advancements in urodynamic evaluation of male patients with spinal cord injury and improvement in medico-surgical treatment of bladder and sphincter, a high percentage of SCI patients are catheter free and on external condom drainage. However, the improper application of a condom in more than 15 per cent of these patients has caused a variety of complications, some of them very serious. Therefore, the common complications of condom application are described and illustrated. Also, the treatment of those complications are discussed and in particular the preventive measures are presented, and the importance of the stressed. PMID- 7254900 TI - [Parasites of gadfly larvae (Tabanidae) in the southern and central regions of Tomsk Province]. PMID- 7254901 TI - [Fleas of eastern Mongolia with a description of male and female Echidnophaga tiscadaea Smit, 1967 (Siphonaptera)]. AB - 23 species and subspecies of fleas were collected from 16 species of rodents, two species of double-toothed rodents and from burrows of great gerbil in Mongolia. The distribution of fleas on animals and throughout the territory is shown. The description of male and additional description of female of Echidnophaga tiscadaea with figures are given. Figures of male and female of E. oschanini are given for comparison. E. tiscadaea is suggested to be a parasite of jerboa. PMID- 7254902 TI - [Fleas (Siphonaptera) of the Taimyr Peninsula]. AB - 10 species of fleas are reported from the Taimyr peninsula, of which Ceratophyllus penicilliger, C. calcarifer, C. rectangulatus, C. advenarius, Amphipsylla sibirica, Doratopsylla birulai, Catallagia dacencoi are associated with wild small mammals. Their populations are not abundant, their northern border of distribution passes along the division line of tundra and forest- tundra and they do not occur in tundra. The flea C. garei is brought to tundra by migrating birds from more southern regions; the flea M. arctica occurs in great numbers in nests of Rissa trydactila L. C. fasciatus, the flea of synanthrops, is very abundant on house mice in one other northern settlements. PMID- 7254903 TI - Cobalamins in man. PMID- 7254905 TI - Parotid cysts. An analysis of 16 cases and suggested classification. AB - Cystic lesions, greater than 8 mm in diameter, were found in 16 of 183 surgically excised parotid glands over an 8 yr period. Of these 16 cysts, 9 had developed in parotid neoplasms, usually of Warthin type. The remaining 7 were not associated with neoplasms and 5 were unilocular. The epithelial lining of non-neoplastic cysts was squamous in all but one case, and there was lymphoid tissue in the walls of 3 cysts. On the basis of these findings and a review of the literature, a morphological classification of parotid cysts is proposed. To the surgical pathologist, the major problems in dealing with parotid cysts are the recognition of associated neoplasms and of those cysts likely to have accompanying congenital abnormalities. PMID- 7254904 TI - Invited review. A contemporary approach to placental pathology. AB - A brief description is given of the significance of gross and histological abnormalities of the placenta. The question of placental ageing is discussed and the possible ill-effects of inflammation and immune-mediated damage to the placenta considered. Finally, the pathology of the utero-placental vasculature is outlined, and the view is expressed that most cases of apparent 'placental insufficiency' are, in reality, due to maternal vascular insufficiency. PMID- 7254906 TI - The Rye classification of a population based series of Hodgkin's disease patients in Western Australia. AB - Data are presented on the incidence in Western Australia of subtypes of Hodgkin's disease which were obtained by review of all cases of the disease notified between 1960 and 1974. Observations were also made on within- and between observer agreement on the use of the Rye classification by a group of 9 surgical pathologists, all in the day-to-day practice of pathology. Although many consensus diagnoses were made only after spirited discussion by the Group, the results suggested that general surgical pathologists can perform nearly as well as lymphoma experts. A comparison of the incidence of Hodgkin's disease and distribution of Rye subtypes in Western Australia with 4 other populations showed a similar overall incidence but appreciable variation in the relative frequency of the subtypes--mainly in the proportions of nodular sclerosing and mixed cellularity. PMID- 7254907 TI - The post-mortem myocardial potassium sodium ratio in detection of infarction. AB - The potassium:sodium ratio was estimated in cardiac muscle collected from 67 autopsies at Flinders Medical Centre. The results were compared with the clinical and histological evidence of infarction, and a good statistical correlation was demonstrated (P less than 0.001). It is proposed that the method be used as a routine in cases of sudden death. The technique appears to be a simple and cheap alternative to histochemical and histological procedures and offers greater sensitivity and reliability. PMID- 7254908 TI - Oestrogen receptor assay and morphology of breast cancer. AB - The associations between oestrogen receptors, several morphological features and prognosis were studied in 53 cases of primary breast carcinoma. There was no significant association between oestrogen receptors and any morphological property studied (histological grade, cellularity, fibrosis, elastosis, necrosis, lymphatic permeation, follicular hyperplasia, encapsulation, vascular invasion, tubular areas, histiocytosis, lymphocytic cell infiltration, number of invaded lymph nodes, tumour size, site of recurrence). Disease-free interval and survival were longer in patients having cancers with positive oestrogen receptors. Good prognostic signs were low histological grades, tubular areas and absence of lymphatic invasion within the primary tumour. PMID- 7254910 TI - A pediatrician's view. PMID- 7254909 TI - The effect of ischaemic injury on the fine structure of canine atrial myocardium. AB - An experimental model for producing a uniformly and maximally ischaemic segment of atrial myocardium has been devised and used in 23 dogs to investigate the effects of severe ischaemia of up to 6 h duration on the fine structure of atrial myocardial cells. Throughout the first 30 min of ischaemia the cells maintained a fine structure comparable with that of control tissue. In the subsequent 2 h they developed morphological alteration at differing rates, despite their uniform deprivation of blood supply. Even at 90 min the ischaemic tissue showed discontinuous change, with many areas differing little from control, and it was only after 3 h that all cells showed well developed and similar alterations. These included glycogen depletion, marked clumping and margination of nuclear chromatin, and the mitochondrial degeneration typically seen in ischaemically injured ventricle. The changes were very severe after 4 and 6 h of ischaemia, when disruption of cellular membrane systems was also evident. At these times the tissue closely resembled ventricular myocardium made ischaemic for similar intervals, except for the persistence of well-preserved 'specific atrial granules'. Atrial muscle cells therefore develop the fine structural changes associated with ischaemia more slowly than ventricular muscle cells and have a more variable response to the initiation of ischaemic injury. PMID- 7254911 TI - Introduction: structural defects in the newborn. PMID- 7254912 TI - Fetal vascular disruptions: mechanisms and some resulting birth defects. PMID- 7254914 TI - Congenital eventration of the diaphragm. Diagnosis by ultrasound. PMID- 7254913 TI - Roentgenographic manifestations of esophageal and intestinal involvement in Behcet's disease in children. PMID- 7254915 TI - Short segment pyloric narrowing. Pylorospasm or pyloric stenosis? AB - Short segment narrowing of the pyloric canal is a common finding in infants with chronic vomiting, and most often is due to pylorospasm. In such cases, it is transient, and offers no real problem in diagnosis. On the other hand, when it persists, a question arises as to whether it is due to fixed stenosis. Differentiation of the two conditions is difficult, but important, for while spasm can be treated medically, true stenosis requires surgical intervention. Just how to accomplish this differentiation is the subject of this report, and for the most part, centers around the infant's response to a therapeutic trial of antispasmodics. Patients with pylorospasm respond favorably, while those with fixed stenosis do not. Generally, these latter patients require pyloromyotomy, but in the occasional infant, so little muscle hypertrophy is present that we have found pyloroplasty to be the preferred procedure. PMID- 7254916 TI - Congenital renal vascular malformations in childhood. Association with hypertension and detection by angiography. PMID- 7254917 TI - Influence of femoral rotation on the radiological coverage of the femoral head in children. PMID- 7254918 TI - Delayed sternal ossification in infants with congenital heart disease. PMID- 7254919 TI - Collateral pathways in inferior vena caval obstruction in children, including the cavo-portal route. PMID- 7254920 TI - Clinical use of a gadolinium filter in pediatric radiography. AB - Patient exposure is an important consideration in pediatric radiography. Gadolinium filtration can be used to reduce exposure while maintaining contrast. Matched sets of pediatric radiographs were produced using aluminum and gadolinium filtration. In almost all cases, no difference or only a minimal difference in diagnostic quality was judged to be present. Patient exposure can be reduced up to a factor of 2 using a gadolinium filter, despite doubling the product of tube current and exposure time (mAs). Because images of comparable diagnostic quality can be produced using gadolinium filtration, with a reduction in radiation exposure to the patient, its use is recommended in pediatric radiography. PMID- 7254921 TI - Bilateral accessory ossification center of the ischio-pubic synchondrosis in a female infant. Follow-up for over a three year period. PMID- 7254922 TI - Intralobar pulmonary sequestration occurring without alteration of pulmonary parenchyma. PMID- 7254923 TI - Osteomyelitis due to Mycobacterium intracellulare. PMID- 7254924 TI - Benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the stomach. Report in a young girl and review of the literature. PMID- 7254925 TI - Werner's mesomelic dysplasia with ventricular septal defect and Hirschsprung's disease. AB - A child with Werner's mesomelic dysplasia is presented. She has five fingers on each hand with absent thumbs and seven toes on each foot. There is posterior dislocation at the knees and mild tibial dysplasia. The child also has a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and Hirschsprung's disease. This is the first case reported of Werner's mesomelic dysplasia associated with systemic malformations. PMID- 7254927 TI - Determination of total and individual kidney function in children by means of 123 I-hippuran whole body clearance and scintillation camera. AB - In 153 children suffering from various renal or urological disease a total of 179 individual and regional renal clearance studies were performed using 123-I hippuran and a scintillation camera. The clinical diagnoses and questions before and the therapeutic consequences after clearance determinations are analyzed. The dynamic information fo sequential scintigraphy combined with renal clearance determination allow a quantitative estimation of the individual and regional kidney function. The method is considerably helpful in cases of unilateral small kidneys, obstructive uropathies, duplication of the urinary tract, and segmental renal disease. PMID- 7254928 TI - Calcifications of the hip in infants and children. New cases and long-term follow up. AB - 10 cases of calcification of the peripheral cartilaginous contour of the femoral head in infants are reported. In 7 cases calcification were discovered by chance at a radiological examination done for another purpose. In 3 cases the examination was done for limp or pain in the hip. In this material are included the long term follow-up of the first 4 cases reported by one of us in 1968. The follow-up in our series ranges from a few months to 15 years. The clinical sequelae are minimal at the moment: slight decrease of abduction and internal rotation. The radiological follow-up shows a slow disappearance of calcification, a premature fusion of the physis, a coxa magna, a broadening and shortening of the femoral neck. These residual radiological anomalies, in spite of a good clinical state at the moment, are worrying for future of these hips. The etiology is unknown, but these calcifications are acquired and there are good reasons to think they are iatrogenic, probably secondary to an inadvertent injection into the hip joint at the time of an intravenous femoral infusion of a drug toxic for the hip cartilage. It seems reasonable to avoid the femoral route for intravenous infusion of drugs in newborns and infants. PMID- 7254926 TI - Localized intra- and retroperitoneal gas collections following intraoperative use of surgical gelatine sponge. AB - Following recent intra- or retroperitoneal surgery, four children in whom hemostasis was obtained by means of abundant use of surgical gelatine sponge, displayed unusual bubbly air collections in the region of the operation. Three of them had vague inflammatory symptoms and signs, while in the fourth the gas was discovered incidentally. The connection between the radiological finding and the hemostatic agent is presented. In the typical case manifesting a mild clinical course, knowledge of this association helps to guard against the diagnosis of abscess, and subsequent unnecessary reoperation can be avoided. PMID- 7254929 TI - Duplication of the male urethra with posterior urethral valves. PMID- 7254930 TI - Renal ultrasonography in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. PMID- 7254931 TI - Segmental vascular occlusion of the colon. A tentative diagnosis in two pediatric cases. AB - Segmental vascular occlusion of the colon is a rare, quite commonly reversible condition, so far recorded only in adults. The present report deals with two pediatric patients displaying clinical and radiological findings consistent with this entity. A benign course of disease with rapidly subsiding manifestation support our interpretation. The etiology remains obscure. PMID- 7254932 TI - Ultrasonographic demonstration of gastric duplication in infancy. AB - A case of gastric duplication in an infant is reported. Preoperative ultrasound demonstrated a cystic mass lesion with a thin inner echogenic (mucosa) and a wider outer hypoechoic rim (muscle layer). These findings correlated well with the resected specimen. PMID- 7254933 TI - The spectrum of polycystic disease in children. AB - Both childhood and adult polycystic disease is seen in our series of eleven children, demonstrating the broad spectrum of both renal and hepatic disease clinically and radiographically. The relationship of radiographic patterns and survival is assessed. Confusion in the definition and classification of these disease entities is discussed. PMID- 7254934 TI - Intestinal brush border membrane structure and function: effect of early postnatal undernutrition. AB - The effect of undernutrition during suckling has been investigated on the brush border enzymes and the intestinal uptake of D-glucose and glycine in rats at weaning. The brush border sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities were drastically reduced, but lactase and leucine aminopeptidase levels were significantly elevated in the intestine of nutritionally deprived pups compared to controls. The uptake of D-glucose and glycine in undernourished rats was also augmented. The chemical composition of the brush border membrane analyzed in nutritionally deficient animals revealed an enhancement of the membrane protein, sialic acid, cholesterol, and phospholipids compared to the control group. [U 14C]D-Glucose incorporation into lipid constituents of the membrane suggested that the observed enhancement of the membrane lipids is the result of an increased synthesis in response to undernutrition. PMID- 7254935 TI - Orotic aciduria in lysinuric protein intolerance: dependence on the urea cycle intermediates. AB - Urinary excretion of orotic acid was measured in controls and in subjects homozygous and heterozygous for lysinuric protein intolerance under various conditions of amino nitrogen intake. In all situations, the controls excreted less than 28 microgram/kg/hr. Only one of the two heterozygotes studied differed from the controls, The orotic aciduria of homozygotes was normal in fasting but increased on a self-chosen low-protein diet (log mean, 80; range, 8 to 588 microgram/kg/hr in 24-hr urine), after cow's milk protein 0.5 g/kg (769; 251 to 1747 microgram/kg/hr in 4 to 6-hr urine), oral ammonium lactate, 2.5 mmoles/kg (95; 15 to 1127 microgram/kg/hr in 1.5-hr urine), and IV alanine, 6.6 mmoles/kg (519; 47 to 1831 microgram/kg/hr in 6-hr urine). Giving ornithine or citrulline IV with the infusion of alanine prevented the increase in orotic acid excretion. Given orally, citrulline was more efficient than ornithine or arginine. To prevent the hyperammonemic and orotic aciduric responses with ornithine its plasma concentrations needed to be higher than normal. Orotic aciduria is a reliable indicator of the function of the urea cycle in lysinuric protein intolerance and facilitates monitoring of the treatment of this disease. PMID- 7254936 TI - Is cystic fibrosis mucus abnormal? AB - It has been known for some time that the viscosity of sputum from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients differs from that in other disease types characterized by pulmonary hypersecretion. However, it has never been established that there is in fact any abnormalities in the rheologic properties of CF sputum. We have recently developed techniques to examine the rheology and mucociliary transportability of tracheal secretions from dogs utilizing the small quantities of mucus available from a healthy animal. In the present study, these in vitro techniques were applied to sputum samples obtained from 15 adult CF patients. For mucoid and mucopurulent CF sputum samples, the viscoelastic properties were remarkably similar to those observed for control canine tracheal mucus samples. For purulent CF sputum, elasticity and viscosity tended to be higher and the viscosity/elasticity ratio lower than for either the nonpurulent sputum or the canine tracheal mucus. The logarithm of elasticity at 1 rad/sec was 2.55 +/- 0.35 (S.D.) for purulent sputum, 2.05 +/- 0.49 for mucoid and mucopurulent sputum, and 2.17 +/- 0.36 for canine tracheal mucus. From the viscoelastic properties of CF sputum, one would have predicted the in vitro mucociliary transportability, at least for the nonpurulent samples, to be the same as that of canine tracheal mucus. However, the frog palate assay indicated a consistently lower rate of transport (mean difference, 13%) than that predicted from previous studies. This result would, therefore, suggest that if the prediction from canine tracheal mucus is applicable there is a factor in the CF sputum that results in a temporary inhibition of frog palate ciliary beating. This apparent inhibition of mucociliary transport is, however, relatively minor, and it is perhaps more remarkable that for none of the sputum samples collected was the in vitro ciliary transport rate particularly low; i.e., observed values ranged from 65 to 100% of frog palate control. PMID- 7254937 TI - The relationship of hair zinc concentrations to height, weight, age, and sex in the normal population. AB - Hair samples from forty-nine normal individuals (both children and adults) were assessed for concentrations of zinc. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed between zinc values and the variables: height, weight, and age (see Table 3). In children (under 240 months), all these relationships were linear, positive, and statistically significant. A linear regression equation using all these variables was found to account for 47.7% of the variance in hair zinc concentrations. In adults (over 240 months), the correlation coefficients between hair zinc and height, weight, and age were not found to be significant, with the exception of the negative correlation between hair zinc and weight (r = -0.464; P less than 0.047). Nevertheless, a multivariate linear regression equation accounted for about 24.6% of the variability of hair zinc values. In both children and adults, tests for sex differences in means and standard deviations using both raw score and residual values failed to reveal any significant differences. Similarly, no significant sex differences were observed between corresponding correlation coefficients. Results indicate that future studies utilizing hair must systematically or mathematically control for individual variation in zinc concentrations due to differences in age, weight, and height. PMID- 7254938 TI - Effect of starvation on tissues from the young of four species, with emphasis on the number and diameter of skeletal muscular fibers. AB - Young rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and hamsters were decreased in body weight by 39, 45, 34, and 35%, respectively, by a total deprivation of food for 3, 15, 4, and 4.5 days, respectively. The weight of the heart, liver, and kidneys from each of the four species (with the excepetion of the kidneys from the guinea pig) decreased significantly in the starved animals. After starvation in all four species, 0 to 15% of the original weight of the epididymal and perirenal fat pads remained. The effect of total starvation on the weight of skeletal muscles differed for the same muscle in different species and among the three muscles studied within a species. Starvation caused weight losses in the following muscles from the rat, rabbit, guinea pig, and hamster, respectively: soleus, 15, 8, 14, and 30% plantaris, 23, 54, 41 and 24%; biceps brachii, 27, 52, 42, and 29%. The significant loss of weight in the plantaris and biceps brachii muscles from rabbits and guinea pigs were caused by large decreases in the diameter of the fibers, with no change in the number of fibers. Soleus and plantaris muscles from hamsters decreased in weight by a reduction in fiber diameters but no change in the number of fibers; the weight of biceps brachii decreased by a reduction in fiber number only. A reduction in the number of fibers occurred in all muscles from starved rats; the diameter of the fibers was reduced in the plantaris and biceps brachii muscles. No structural damage to the fibers due to starvation was observed under the light microscope in any muscle from the four species. PMID- 7254939 TI - Red cell metabolic alterations in postnatal life in term infants: possible control mechanisms. AB - Red cell glycolytic intermediates and enzymes in term infants in the first year of life were correlated with the fetal hemoglobin concentration (%F), intra- and extracellular venous pH, plasma inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activity. Changes in the non-age-dependent enzymes phosphoglycerate kinase, enolase, and phosphofructokinase correlated most significantly with the postnatal decline in %F (P less than 0.001), not the age of the red cell population, as reflected in PK activity. The age-dependent enzymes, hexokinase and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, however, correlated well with PK activity (P less than 0.001). The concentration of glucose-6-phosphate did not correlate significantly with the postnatal decline in %F (P greater than 0.05) or PK (P greater than 0.10), but correalted significantly with the plasma Pi concentration (P less than 0.001). "Total triose phosphate" and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate did not correlate with Pi. It appears from these studies that an extracellular factor, Pi alters the pattern of glycolytic intermediates in term infants and that the postnatal changes in phosphoglycerate kinase, enolase, and phosphofructokinase are unique to the "fetal" red cell and reflect passage from fetal to "adult" erythropoiesis. PMID- 7254940 TI - Evaluation of response time of a transcutaneous oxygen tension electrode. AB - Response characteristics of a transcutaneous PO2 electrode to step changes in PaO2 were determined. In vitro lag time and 95% response time of a transcutaneous PO2 monitor were compared to in vivo response. Release of arterial occlusion was used to produce rapid local PaO2 changes in human infants and adults. In vitro lag time and 95% response time varied according to whether an increment or decrement in PO2 was produced. In vivo 95% response time of this electrode was two to six times slower than previous estimates, and it varied significantly with the magnitude of the step change, subject age, anatomic location, and local hemodynamic factors. Also, we found that in vivo lag time is two to three times faster than previously reported. PMID- 7254941 TI - Placental blood flow and transfer of nutrient analogs in large, average, and small guinea pig littermates. AB - Placental blood flow in the maternal side and transfer of [14C]-alpha isobutyric acid (AIB) and [3H]methylglucose (MG) were measured in 22 pregnant guinea pigs at various gestational ages. The fetuses were divided in three groups according to their body weights: small, average, and large. Body weight was 85.25% of average values in the small fetuses and 114.12% in the large fetuses. Placental weight was 121.73% of average in the large fetuses and 84.42% in the small fetuses. Placental blood flow was 134.48% of average in large fetuses and 73.18% in small fetuses. AIB and MG transfer were significantly lower in the small fetuses (80.33% and 86.06%, respectively, of average values). In contrast, in large fetuses, AIB transfer was 123.43%, and MG transfer was 113.96% of average. Significant correlations were found between fetal and placental weight and placental blood flow and transfer of AIB and MG in the various groups. Placental transfer of AIB and placental blood flow were significantly correlated in the small (r = 0.59) and average weight fetuses (r = 0.37). In addition, the slope of the regression curve for AIB was significantly steeper in the small fetuses when compared with the slope of average and large fetuses. Placental blood flow and transfer of MG were significantly correlated only in the large fetuses (r = 0.48). In the small fetuses, the rate of AIB transfer was proportionally more reduced than that of MG transfer as the rate of placental blood flow decreased. The results demonstrate that spontaneous fetal growth retardation in the guinea pig is associated with a smaller placenta, a reduced placental blood flow, and a reduced transfer of AIB and MG. Inasmuch as in the small fetuses AIB transfer was proportionally more reduced than MG transfer, it is suggested that in addition to the reduced blood flow limited availability of certain essential amino acids may be a cause of fetal growth retardation. PMID- 7254942 TI - Picolinic acid as a zinc-binding ligand in human milk: an unconvincing case. PMID- 7254943 TI - Control of puberty in female rats: the effect of PTU-induced hypothyroidism and systematic undernutrition. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats were fed Purina Lab Chow with or without propylthiouracil (PTU), 0.001%, 0.01% or 0.1% PTU, ad libitum from weaning to vaginal opening. Mean values for all pubertal measurements are included in Tables 1 and 2. Growth rate (mean +/- S.E.) was significantly reduced (Neuman-Keuls test; P less than 0.05 level) in all PTU-fed rats (controls 4.9 +/- 0.1 g/day, 0.001% PTU 4.2 +/- 0.2 g/day, 0.01% PTU 3.4 +/- 0.2 g/day, 0.1% PTU 2.5 +/- 0.1 g/day), while age at vaginal opening in rats fed 0.001% PTU (35.8 +/- 0.6 days) or 0.01% PTU (36.1 +/- 0.9 days) was not significantly different from controls (36.0 +/- 0.6 days). Nevertheless, body weight at vaginal opening was lower in rats fed 0.1% PTU (87.6 +/- 4.7 g) than in controls (113.6 +/- 3.7 g). Pubertal body weight of rats fed 0.1% PTU was also reduced (88.6 +/- 3.7 g) but vaginal opening delayed (40.4 +/- 0.8 days). Proportions of body fat (6.1 - 5.1%), protein (15.0 - 14.1%), and water (72.4 - 71.3%) at vaginal opening were the same in control and PTU groups. Serum T4 was greatly diminished and similar in all 3 PTU groups, 0.2 - 0.3 microgram/100 ml, vs 4.8 +/- 0.2 microgram/100 ml in controls; in rats fed 0.1% and 0.01% PTU, T3 was 0.9 +/- 0.4 ng/100 ml and 0.9 +/- 0.6 ng/100 ml, respectively vs 72.6 +/- 5.6 ng/100 ml in controls, but not significantly reduced in the 0.001% PTU-fed group (60.7 +/- 7.9 ng/100 ml). In a second experiment, a group of weanling rats (pair-fed) was selected in which each member was fed the daily amount of control diet eaten by a corresponding age- and weight-matched 0.01% PTU-fed rat. During the experiment, both groups maintained the same body weight, growth rate, and food intake, however, only 45% (n = 11) of the pair-fed animals had vaginal opening by the time their 0.01% PTU-fed counterparts attained first estrus. Although one of the pair-fed (undernourished) rats attained first estrus, no eggs were found. Despite greatly reduced body weight (105.3 +/- 3.5 g vs controls 127.5 +/- 6.6 g), growth rate (3.5 +/- 0.2 g/day vs controls 5.5 +/- 0.1 g/day) and food intake (13.9 +/- 0.7 g/100g BWt/day vs controls 10.1 +/- 0.3 g/100g BWt/day), the 0.01% PTU-fed rats exhibited vaginal opening (36.9 +/- 0.8 days vs controls 35.6 +/- 1 days) and first estrus (39.6 +/- 0.9 days vs controls 36.4 +/- 1 days) at the usual age. In contrast, pair-fed rats had a lower % fat (4.5 +/- 0.1% vs PTU 6.8 +/- 0.4%) and higher % protein (16.5 +/- 0.3% vs PTU 14.3 +/- 0.3%) at the age when 0.01% PTU-fed rats attained first estrus. Serum prolactin levels at first estrus did not differ in rats fed control diet (26.5 +/ 12.4 ng/ml) or 0.01% PTU (8.8 +/- 1.9 ng/ml), or in pair-fed animals (8.8 +/- 4.5 ng/ml) at the age when PTU-fed rats reached first estrus. PMID- 7254944 TI - Inhibition of bone marrow stem cell growth in vitro by methylmalonic acid: a mechanism for pancytopenia in a patient with methylmalonic acidemia. AB - A 7-week-old infant with methylmalonic acidemia had pancytopenia and hypoplastic bone marrow. The patient responded to large doses of vitamin B12 treatment, and within 3 wk, the blood counts and bone marrow cellularity returned to normal. To understand the mechanism of marrow depression in this infant, we examined the effect of the patient's plasma and methylmalonic acid itself on the in vitro growth of bone marrow-committed stem cells. The patient's plasma obtained before B12 treatment completely inhibited the marrow cell growth, whereas the posttreatment plasma showed no inhibition. Methylmalonic acid when added to the culture dishes in concentrations comparable to those reported in plasma of methylmalonic acidemia patients, inhibited growth of marrow stem cells in a concentration-dependent fashion. On the other hand, 16 to 18 hr incubation of cells in the same concentration of methylmalonic acid did not affect the recovery of viability of the cells. The observations suggest that methylmalonic acid is inhibitory to the proliferation of marrow stem cells. The mechanism of inhibition is yet to be elucidated. PMID- 7254945 TI - Heparin clearance in the newborn. AB - Twenty-five preterm newborns were given bolus infusions of sodium heparin (100 units/kg) and plasma heparin levels were assayed at 5, 20, 40, 90, and 150 min. Eight normal adults received a 75 units/kg bolus of heparin and levels were assayed at 5, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min. In comparison with the adult data (mean adult plasma heparin half life (T1/2) = 63.3 min), the newborn infants demonstrated a significantly shorter plasma heparin half life (T1/2 = 35.5 min in group I, 33 to 36 wk gestation; 35.5 min in group II, 29 to 32 wk gestation; and 41.6 min in group III, 25 to 28 wk gestation), as demonstrated by a chromogenic heparin assay. The newborn groups, had a larger volume of distribution (Vd) of heparin which varied inversely with gestational age (Vd =36.6 ml/kg in the adults, 57.8 ml/kg in group I, 73.3 ml/kg in group II, and 81.0 ml/kg in group III babies. Heparin clearance (CI) was significantly greater in all newborn groups when compared with the adult (CIadult = 0.43 ml/kg/min; ClGrIII = 1.49 ml/kg/min). A one-stage clotting assay for heparin generated similar results, although infant plasma heparin levels were slightly higher by this assay. Before heparin administration, the mean antithrombin III antigen (AT-III Ag) of the babies was 26.5% of normal adult and was not furthur decreased 90 min after the heparin bolus. PMID- 7254947 TI - Effect of open-heart surgery on the body composition of infants and young children. PMID- 7254946 TI - A spectrum response study on single strand DNA breaks, sister chromatid exchanges, and lethality induced by phototherapy lights. AB - Little information is available on the effect of visible light from commercial fluorescence lamps, commonly used in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, on parameters related to genetic damage in eucaryotic cells. The present study was undertaken to determine whether or not visible light of different wavelengths had any differential effects on the frequency of DNA breaks (frank breaks plus alkaline labile lesions), DNA replication, frequency of sister chromatid exchanges, and survival in cultured Chinese hamster cells. The results revealed that the "blue" spectral band (420 to 500 nm) is mainly responsible for DNA breaks, sister chromatid exchanges, and lethality induced by fluorescent light. This band is precisely that which bilirubin heavily absorbs and, hence, is the most efficient for the decomposition of this metabolite. These results were obtained with the use of light doses of 5 to 30 X 10(4) J/m3 versus the light doses of the order of 100 X 10(4) J/m2 being received by infants undergoing phototherapy treatments. PMID- 7254948 TI - Urine calcitonin in normal children. PMID- 7254949 TI - Fetal-like erythropoiesis during recovery from transient erythroblastopenia of childhood (TEC). AB - Fetal-like erythropoiesis frequently accompanies marrow stress conditions such as Diamond-Blackfan syndrome and aplastic anemia. In contrast, patients with transient erythroblastopenia of childhood have erythrocytes which lack fetal characteristics at the time of diagnosis. This report describes nine children with transient erythroblastopenia of childhood in whom transient, fetal-like erythropoiesis was observed during the period of recovery. These patients initially presented with anemia, reticulocytopenia, erythrocytes of normal size for age, low levels of fetal hemoglobin, and i-antigen. During the recovery period, however, erythrocytes manifested one or more fetal characteristics. These included an increased fetal hemoglobin (in three of five patients), the presence of i-antigen (in four of six patients), and macrocytosis (in seven of nine patients). These fetal characteristics persisted more than 2 wk after the reticulocyte count returned to normal. Within one year from diagnosis, red blood cells contained no fetal characteristics. PMID- 7254950 TI - Development of blood coagulation--a fetal lamb model. AB - To study the normal development of blood coagulation factor activities in a growing fetus while avoiding the effects of labor and delivery, a chronic fetal lamb model was developed in which serial blood samples from 10 fetuses were studied during the third trimester of pregnancy and 24 hr after birth. Under operating room conditions with sterile technique, a polyethylene catheter to which heparin had been bound to both internal and external surfaces was inserted into the femoral artery of the fetus. The catheter was brought out through a skin pouch to the side of the ewe and enclosed in a zip lock bag. Blood samples were withdrawn from the catheter three times each week for measurement of coagulation factor activities. Levels of coagulation factor activities at birth in noncatheterized animals were not different from those found in catheterized animals except for factor IX activity which was 12% higher in the catheterized animals (0.02 less than P less than 0.05). The patterns of development for each of the coagulation factors were similar in all 10 animals studied. Fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factor VII show a decrease in activity early in the last trimester of pregnancy. Both factors VIII and IX show a significant increase in activity (23% factor VIII and 12% factor IX) associated with the process of delivery. The levels of coagulation factor activities at birth in the lamb relative to adult sheep normals are similar to those found in humans with the exception of factor XIII. Factor XIII is at normal levels in the newborn lamb and is reported to be at levels approximately 50% of the adult level in human infants. PMID- 7254951 TI - Abnormal maturation of sleep states in infants with aborted sudden infant death syndrome. AB - The time spent in REM, quiet, and indeterminate sleep was computed in 13 aborted SIDS infants and compared to that spent in the same sleep states, in 19 normal infants. Aborted sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) infants were studied within a week of their aborted SIDS episode and subsequently at monthly intervals through the age of 4 months. Normal infants were studied at 1, 2, 3, and 4 months of age. Sleep staging was performed by two independent observers using electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram and behavioral criteria. Although there was an increase in the percentage of time spent in quiet sleep with age in both normal and aborted SIDS infants, the significantly greater regression coefficients in normal infants (6.3 versus 2.9; P less than 0.01) indicate that there are differences in the two groups and suggest a maturational abnormality or delay in sleep state distribution in the aborted SIDS infants. PMID- 7254952 TI - Plasma membrane insulin receptors in fetal rabbit lung. PMID- 7254953 TI - Pantetheinase activity and cysteamine content in cystinotic and normal fibroblasts and leukocytes. AB - Cysteamine is the most effective agent known for the reduction of the elevated cystine content of cells from patients with cystinosis. A defect in endogenous cysteamine generation could account for many of the metabolic features of this disorder. To test this hypothesis, we have developed improved methods for measuring pantetheinase (cysteamine-generating) activity and intracellular cysteamine levels and used these methods to measure such parameters in cystinotic and normal leukocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts. Pantetheinase activity as defined in the test was similar in extracts of cystinotic and normal cells [leucocytes, normal, 78 +/- 15 (S.E.), cystinotic, 56+/- 6.4; fibroblasts, normal, 9.4 +/- 1.5; cystinotic, 7.7 +/- 1.7]. Cysteamine levels were normal in leukocytes from cystinotics receiving no cysteamine or doses of oral cysteamine too low to reduce leukocyte cystine content. The results indicate that the cause of cystinosis is unlikely to be related to a failure to generate of sustain normal intracellular cysteamine levels. PMID- 7254954 TI - Role of diet in the determination of jejunal sucrase activity in the weanling rat. AB - This study was designed to determine the critical difference between rat milk and rat chow with respect ot their effects on jejunal sucrase activity during the fourth postnatal wk. Rats were weaned onto special diets on postnatal day 17, and jejunal sucrase was assayed on day 28. A pelleted diet containing lactose as sole carbohydrate did not cause depression of sucrase activity. Sucrase values (micromoles/hr/mg protein) were 10.49 +/- 0.81 (n = 15) for the lactose chow and 6.65 +/- 0.29 (n = 16) for the sucrose chow. This indicates that the nature of the dietary carbohydrate does not account for the sucrase differences of weaned and nonweaned animals. Likewise, the physical consistency of the diet is unimportant because sucrase values were just as high on liquid diet (10.91 +/- 0.77 micromoles/hr/mg protein; n = 8) as on he solid diets. However, when the relative proportions of carbohydrate and fat in the diet were varied, there were significant effects on sucrase activity; values on a low carbohydrate diet (4.30 +/- 0.33 micromoles/hr/mg protein; n = 8) being less than one-half those on a high carbohydrate diet (10.91 +/- 0.77 micromoles/hr/mg protein; n = 8). PMID- 7254955 TI - Pulmonary mechanics in early infancy. Subclinical grunting in low-birth-weight infants. AB - Pulmonary mechanics were studied with the constant pressure body plethysmography method in 78 infants during the first year of life. Registrations of breathing frequency, tidal volume, minute volume, dynamic compliance, pulmonary functional resistance, and end-expiratory resistance were made at rest and during carbon dioxide-induced hyperventilation. Data from 70 infants demonstrated strong correlations (p less than 0.001) between all pulmonary function parameters and length. Carbon dioxide-induced hyperventilation was achieved mainly by an increased tidal volume. Pulmonary functional resistance did not change with hyperventilation, indicating wider airways during forced ventilation. A special breathing pattern called "subclinical grunting" was found in 16 of 45 infants who were low birth weight but without clinical signs of hyaline membrane disease. The pattern was characterized by a high resistance during most of the prolonged expiration. It was identical to that previously described in cases of hyaline membrane diseases. All re-examined low-birth-weight infants with subclinical grunting developed a normal breathing pattern. PMID- 7254956 TI - Intestinal maturation: effect of luminal osmolality on net mineral secretion. AB - We investigated with an in vivo single-pass perfusion technique net secretion of calcium, magnesium, and zinc from proximal and distal small intestinal segments and from the cecum plus colon segments of suckling, weanling, and adolescent rats during perfusion with either isotonic (300 mOsm/kg) or hypertonic (500 mOsm/kg) mineral-free solutions. There was not secretion of calcium, magnesium, and zinc in all segments perfused at all age periods. During isotonic perfusion, rates of net secretion of calcium and zinc were severalfold greater in the proximal and distal segments of the suckling rats compared with the corresponding segments of the adolescent rats. Net magnesium secretion was similar in the sucking and adolescent rats. Net secretion rates for the weanling rats tended to be intermediate. During hypertonic perfusion, net secretion rates for calcium, magnesium, and zinc were severalfold greater from all segments of the suckling rats compared with the corresponding segments of the adolescent rats. During either isotonic or hypertonic perfusions, rates of net secretion of calcium and magnesium in general were greater from the proximal and distal segments than from the cecum plus colon in the suckling and weanling rats. In contrast, for the adolescent rats, net secretions from all segments in general were similar. For zinc, rates of net secretion were somewhat greater in the cecum plus colon of rats in all age groups. Our findings suggest a greater permeability of the intestinal epithelium, not only to water and electrolytes but also to certain minerals (calcium and magnesium) and trace elements (Zn) in suckling rats compared with adolescent rats. The implication is that during periods of osmotic diarrhea, infant animals appear to be at risk for losing excessive amounts of minerals and trace elements. These findings may have clinical relevance to human infants suffering from recurrent diarrheal diseases. PMID- 7254957 TI - L/S ratio and cortisol in amniotic fluid according to gestational age. PMID- 7254958 TI - The development of the newborn rat lung in hyperoxia: a dose-response study of lung growth, maturation, and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities. AB - To examine the dose-response relationships of oxygen-induced lung changes, newborn rats were exposed to various patterns of concentrations of hyperoxia (0.4, 0.8, and greater than 0.95 FiO2) for up to 12 days. Prominent findings included microscopic evidence of lung injury and retarded alveolar development (secondary septal development delayed by as much as 88%), lower whole lung DNA (50% of control), lung-to-body-weight ratios (by as much as 18%), and significantly less compliance in the lungs afer exposures of 6 or 12 day duration to all concentrations of hyperoxia. Significant increases in the activities of the lung protective enzymes superoxide dismutase (129 to 160% of control), catalase (112 to 274% of control), and glutathione peroxidase (118 to 256% of control) were noted when activity was expressed on a DNA basis after 12 day exposures to the various patterns of hyperoxia. Lung changes noted after a 7-day recovery period in air included interstitial thickening (117% of control), persistance of the microscopic injury, and retarded alveolar development seen immediately after initial 6-day hyperoxic exposures. At the conclusion of a second wk of recovery in air, the lungs of hyperoxic exposed animals resembled controls in most respects, but a significantly altered compliance was exhibited by the lungs of animals initially exposed to 6 days of 0.4 or greater than 0.95 FiO2. The dose dependency of oxygen-induced lung injury is complex. Straightforward, stepwise dose-response adequately describes the evolution of microscopic injury and slowing of alveolar development in hyperoxia, but the dose dependency is not as clearly identified in the oxygen-induced retardation of lung growth including DNA content and in changes in antioxidant enzyme activities. Changes in lung compliance clearly do not follow expected dose response relationships. PMID- 7254959 TI - [Evaluation of various neutrophil functions in infants with bacterial infections]. PMID- 7254960 TI - [Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in respiratory tract diseases in children]. PMID- 7254961 TI - [Measles virus antibodies and cerebrospinal fluid and serum proteins in selected chronic diseases of the central nervous system in children]. PMID- 7254962 TI - [Measles virus antibodies and the blood-brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in children]. PMID- 7254963 TI - [Normal pressure hydrocephalus in a 7-month-old infant]. PMID- 7254964 TI - [Ventricular pre-excitation syndrome (WPW) via Mahaim's fibres]. PMID- 7254965 TI - [Surgical disconnection of the atrio-ventricular junction in a 10-year-old child with a tachy-bradycardia syndrome]. PMID- 7254966 TI - Value of the chest X-ray as a screening test for elective surgery in children. AB - A retrospective study was conducted to assess the value of the chest x-ray as a preoperative screening procedure in pediatric patients. Admissions for elective surgery were compared at two hospitals, one that required routine preoperative chest x-rays and one that did not. Our purpose was to determine the yield of the screening chest x-ray in detecting unknown abnormalities and to determine whether patients who had a preoperative chest x-ray taken experienced fewer anesthetic or postoperative complications than did those who did not. In all, 1,924 cases were studied; in 749 a preoperative chest film was taken. Of those 749 cases, a previously unsuspected abnormality was discovered in 35 (4.7%) patients. Nine (1.2%) of these abnormalities were considered to be clinically significant and three (0.4%) resulted in cancellation of surgery. No differences in anesthetic or postoperative complications were noted between the two groups of patients. It is recommended that the performance of routine preoperative chest x-rays on apparently healthy children be discontinued. PMID- 7254968 TI - Thrombogenicity of tips of umbilical catheters. AB - In an experiment in which several types of umbilical artery catheters were inserted into the aortas of newborn lambs, several catheters had discrete thrombi located at the tip. There appeared to be a difference between types of catheters in the proportion with thrombi at the tip. Scanning electron micrographs of catheter tips showed that several types had rough tips. It is suggested that a rough tip would promote the formation of thrombus at a location where it could be dislodged by flushing of the catheter. The problems that have been reported with umbilical artery catheters may have been caused by thrombus at the tip rather than on the shaft of these catheters. PMID- 7254967 TI - Increased cholesterol and decreased fluidity of red cell membranes (spur cell anemia) in progressive intrahepatic cholestasis. AB - Progressive hemolytic anemia occurred in a 4 1/2-year-old girl with familial intrahepatic cholestasis; a peripheral smear contained bizarre spiculated "spur" red cells. Analysis of this patient's fresh red cells revealed a 59% increase in cholesterol content with a normal phospholipid content and therefore an increase in the cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio to 1.35 (normal = 0.92). A similar abnormality of lipid composition was present in serum lipoproteins. The lipid abnormality in red cell membrane was associated with a decrease in membrane fluidity, as assessed by the fluorescence polarization of the hydrophobic probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. Following incubation with patient's plasma, normal cells acquired a spur-shaped morphology with an associated decrease in osmotic fragility and a 25% increase in cholesterol content. The patient's cells, during incubation with normal plasma, acquired morphologic features of spiculated spherocytes with an increase in osmotic fragility and a 21% decrease in cholesterol content. Chenodeoxycholate and lithocholate were present in markedly elevated concentrations in serum. These studies show that a process identical to spur cell anemia in alcoholic cirrhosis may accompany severe liver disease in children with intrahepatic cholestasis. PMID- 7254969 TI - Differentiating environmental from disease-related fevers in the term newborn. AB - It is often difficult to differentiate environmental overheating from disease related fever in the newborn. The purpose of this study was to establish the normal relationship between peripheral skin temperature and rectal temperature in normal newborn infants whose rectal temperatures were in the upper range of normal (99.0 to 99.6 F) and to compare it with that relationship in infants with fevers known to be disease related. Seventy-eight paired rectal and anterior mid lower leg skin temperatures were obtained from 41 normal 2-day-old infants. Thirteen similar paired temperatures were measured in 13 full-term infants admitted from home with fever (greater than 100.0 F). The rectal temperature-leg temperature (RT-LT) difference in the normal infants ranged between -1 and +4 F, with a mean of +1.14 F, whereas in the febrile infants it ranged between +5.7 and 12.9 F with a mean of 7.90 F. In febrile infants there was no trend in RT-LT difference as rectal temperatures rose whereas normal infants showed a tendency toward a decreasing RT-LT difference with increasing temperatures. When an RT-LT difference of +3 F is chosen as an arbitrary boundary between environmentally overheated infants and infants with disease-related fevers, it is estimated that 0.5% of infants with disease-related fevers would be incorrectly classified. The RT-LT difference adds an objective guideline for evaluation of temperature elevation in the full-term, appropriate for gestational age neonate. PMID- 7254971 TI - Hospital-acquired hepatitis a: report of an outbreak. AB - A nosocomial outbreak of hepatitis A occurred after hospitalization of a 21-month old girl with amebic liver abscess and unsuspected, anicteric hepatitis A. The index patient, who had an acute diarrheal illness prior to enzyme elevations, seroconverted from IgM hepatitis A antibody to IgG hepatitis A antibody. Of the 103 hospital personnel with known or potential exposure, three physicians (2.9%) contracted clinical hepatitis A, 27 to 29 days after their initial contact with the source patient. A fourth physician developed subclinical infection. Two of the three clinical cases occurred in two of the three primary care physicians of the source patient. Hepatitis A should be considered in any patient with acute, unexplained liver enzyme abnormalities. Diarrhea occurring in a fecally incontinent child incubating hepatitis A may increase the risk of transmission. PMID- 7254972 TI - Relationship of head circumference to length in the first 400 days of life: a mnemonic. AB - The relationship between length and head circumference can be expressed by the simplified formula: head circumference (centimeters) = 0.5 length +9.5 +/- 2.5; head circumference (inches) = 0.5 length + 3.75 +/- 1. This formula is accurate for 95% of measurements in the first 400 days of life. The correlation coefficient of length to head circumference is .94 (P = .0001). PMID- 7254970 TI - Enterovirus 71 infection: report of an outbreak with two cases of paralysis and a review of the literature. AB - Enterovirus 71 (E-71) infection was first reported in 19745 in the United States; subsequent outbreaks were reported in worldwide distribution. In the summer of 1977, we identified 12 patients, mostly children, with E-71 infection. The striking feature of this outbreak is the occurrence of two cases with polio-like paralytic disease. Other diseases associated with E-71 included aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, respiratory disease, gastroenteritis, and hand foot-mouth disease. The spectrum of illness observed in our community was compared to that seen in other outbreaks. It is suggested that the significance of E-71 lies in its neuropathogenic potential. PMID- 7254973 TI - Skin craters--a complication of transcutaneous oxygen monitoring. AB - Continuous transcutaneous oxygen monitoring has become standard practice in the management of infants who require supplemental oxygen. Previously described complications of tcPO2 monitoring consist of prolonged intense skin erythema or first degree burns. Two cases of premature infants who developed numerous, hyperpigmented skin craters following prolonged tcPO2 monitoring are reported. Although these lesions appear to be harmless, they have not resolved with time and long-term cosmetic implications are unknown. PMID- 7254974 TI - Progressive sensory loss in familial dysautonomia. AB - Clinical variability in sensory impairment was demonstrated among 75 patients with familial dysautonomia. Older patients had a greater tendency toward increased dysfunction in pain sensation, joint position and Romberg's sign, and vibratory sense. Significant worsening with increased age was supported by retesting of 53 patients after a five-year interval. Sensory and motor axon loss were indicated by electrodiagnostic testing of peripheral nerves and abnormal cortical somatosensory evoked potentials. Familial dysautonomia is a hereditary disease with variable penetrance which involves both failure of intrauterine development of neurons and their postnatal maintenance. PMID- 7254975 TI - A health outreach to a refugee camp: perspectives for would-be volunteers. PMID- 7254977 TI - Acquired eventration of the diaphragm: a complication of chest tube placement in neonatal pneumothorax. PMID- 7254976 TI - Congenital asplenia: immunologic assessment and a clinical review of eight surviving patients. AB - Eight children with congenital asplenia syndrome have been studied for their cardiac and immunologic status. All patients were greater than 2 years of age and had severe complex cyanotic heart disease. All eight patients had abnormalities of cardiac and/or visceral situs. All patients had evidence of pulmonary stenosis or atresia and a common atrium or large atrial septal defect. Five patients required palliative cardiac surgery. All patients were given prophylactic antibiotics; there were no documented episodes of sepsis. One patient had an isolated deficiency of IgM; two patients had an isolated deficiency of IgE. Seven of eight patients were immunized with a dodecavalent pneumococcal vaccine. Four of the seven patients failed to have a twofold or greater antibody response. Our findings suggest that prophylactic antibiotics may reduce the incidence of sepsis in the asplenia syndrome. Because the prognosis for these patients must be optimistic, we recommend early documentation of splenic function in children suspected of having the asplenia syndrome, prophylactic antibiotics, and parent education. Children immunized with bacterial vaccines should have their antibody responses monitored. PMID- 7254978 TI - Transient nephromegaly simulating infantile polycystic disease of the kidneys. PMID- 7254979 TI - Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood presenting with reticulocytosis and erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow. PMID- 7254980 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics: Committee on School Health. School health examinations. PMID- 7254982 TI - A flaw in the study of bacteremia. PMID- 7254981 TI - Hyperammonemia and perinatal asphyxia. PMID- 7254983 TI - Lower hematocrit levels in blacks are not due to diet or socioeconomic factors. PMID- 7254985 TI - Prophylaxis of otitis media. PMID- 7254984 TI - Fluoride in infant formulas and fluoride supplementation. PMID- 7254986 TI - Pediatrician intervention in mother-child-interaction. PMID- 7254987 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics: Committee on Pediatric Manpower. Critique of the final report of the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee. PMID- 7254988 TI - The impending pediatric 'Surplus': causes, implications, and alternatives. AB - The supply of pediatricians is increasing much more rapidly than the number of children in the United States. Between 1978 and 1990, the number of pediatricians will grow from approximately 26,000 to between 45,000 and 50,000, while the number of children will remain relatively constant. Although published standards vary widely, it appears certain that the forthcoming supply of pediatricians and family physicians will greatly exceed even the most generous estimates of the need for child health physicians. The recent work of the Graduate Medical Educational National Advisory Committee (GMENAC) has focused attention on the problem of physician oversupply. That panel estimates that by 1990 more than one of every eight pediatricians will be unnecessary and has recommended that even larger surpluses be allowed to develop. Determining whether the future supply will constitute a surplus raises issues for pediatrics that include not only the numbers, but also the proper balance of generalists, the role of family physicians and nurse practitioners, and trends in geographic preferences. Facing these issues will require a thorough analysis of child health needs to provide an adequate basis for making decisions about the number and appropriate training of child health care practitioners in the future. PMID- 7254989 TI - Aortic blood pressure during the first 12 hours of life in infants with birth weight 610 to 4,220 grams. PMID- 7254990 TI - Incidence of respiratory distress syndrome following antenatal betamethasone: role of sex, type of delivery, and prolonged rupture of membranes. AB - Premature male infants have a higher incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) than female infants (male/female = 1.7:1.) With the demonstration that antenatal use of betamethasone significantly reduces the incidence of RDS, a proportional reduction or possibly a complete elimination of the discrepancy between the two sexes might be expected. The role that sex, type of delivery, and prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM) may play in the development of RDS was tested in a prospective study of RDS prevention with betamethasone. A full course of betamethasone, ie, 12 mg, 24 hours apart, was given antenatally to 94 infants of 27 to 34 weeks gestation. The incidence of RDS in male infants was 29.1% vs 8.6% in female infants (P less than .02). The incidence of RDS among male babies delivered by cesarean section (30.3%) or vaginally (29.7%) was not statistically different, nor was there a difference between those with PROM greater than 24 hours (26.9%) and those without PROM (31.8%). The same was true of the incidence of RDS among female infants: cesarean section (14.2%) vs vaginal delivery (6.2%) and PROM greater than 24 hours (8%) vs (9.5%) without PROM. We conclude that: (1) Prevention of RDS with betamethasone is far more effective in female infants. The natural ratio of male/female of 1.7:1 becomes 3.4:1. (2) Once lung maturity has been achieved with betamethasone, the type of delivery plays no role in the development of RDS. (3) PROM does not add extra protection from RDS in the 27- to 34-week gestational age range. PMID- 7254991 TI - Short umbilical cord: its origin and relevance. AB - A short umbilical cord was found in newborns for whom there was evidence of early intrauterine constraint and in those with gross structural or functional limb defects that limited intrauterine movement. These findings were interpreted as showing that umbilical cord growth occurs in response to tensile forces relating to intrauterine space availability and fetal movement during early development. Thus, the finding of a short umbilical cord may indicate diminished fetal movement from either early intrauterine constraint or fetal limb dysfunction. PMID- 7254992 TI - Observations on maternal preference for rooming-in facilities. AB - To determine the length of time mothers prefer their infants with them, 1,000 mothers at North Shore University Hospital (NSUH) and 435 mothers at Kings County Hospital (KCH) were asked postpartum whether they would prefer their infants with them every four hours for 1/2 hour for feeding or rooming-in with their infants during the daytime only or 24 hours a day. Approximately one third of the mothers at NSUH preferred rooming-in whereas approximately three quarters of the mothers at KCH preferred rooming-in. Significantly more mothers at KCH preferred 24-hour rooming-in than at NSUH. Factors such as primiparity, attendance at Lamaze classes, and breast-feeding were significantly associated with the mother's preference to room-in at NSUH, but there was no such association at KCH. This study suggests that: (1) the desire to room-in is not universal; (2) each institution must individualize rooming-in facilities according to the needs of the population; (3) although the demand for rooming-in varies, more mothers prefer rooming-in than there are accommodations presently available; and (4) factors that may be associated with rooming-in are not the same in all populations. It appears that it is as inappropriate to impose rooming-in as it is to deprive mothers of rooming-in. PMID- 7254993 TI - Tetanus prophylaxis in wound management ACIP vs AAP recommendations. PMID- 7254994 TI - Steam vaporizer injuries. AB - There were an estimated 656 cases of vaporizer-related injuries seen in hospital emergency departments in 1979. Two cases of burns with respiratory involvement are described. Both children were directly exposed to steam from commercial vaporizers and suffered cutaneous and respiratory burns. These cases emphasize the hazards of steam vaporizers, devices that have no proven therapeutic benefits. PMID- 7254995 TI - Phlebotomy with iron therapy to correct the microcytic polycythemia of chronic hypoxia. AB - Patients with chronic hypoxia develop a physiologically appropriate "secondary" polycythemia that improves oxygen carrying capacity. Supplemental iron is often required to maintain this. In severe cases when hematocrit levels approach 70%, iron is withheld in order to avoid dangerously high hematocrit levels and the risks of vascular sludging due to "hyperviscosity." Some patients even require reduction of viscosity by exchange of their polycythemic blood for plasma when symptoms develop. Iron deficiency with microcytic polycythemia can then develop. Management of such patients is unclear. Continued blood withdrawal will worsen the iron deficiency; iron supplementation will increase the hematocrit level and the risks of hyperviscosity. The combination of frequent phlebotomy with oral iron therapy should improve iron stores while safely maintaining a stable hematocrit level in patients with microcytic polycythemia. This combination should also have multiple beneficial effects on tissue oxygen delivery and utilization. This approach has been discussed and used for a patient with microcytic polycythemia due to Eisenmenger syndrome. While on therapy the patient's clinical symptoms decreased, and his serum iron level, hematologic indices, and treadmill tolerance tests all improved. PMID- 7254996 TI - Esophageal web: a previously unrecognized complication of epidermolysis bullosa. AB - The course of the esophageal disease in four patients with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica recessive is examined. Three of four patients experienced web formation, a previously unrecognized finding, and the significance of this lesion in the evaluation and management of these patients is emphasized. One of four patients underwent a successful colonic interposition for severe esophageal disease and the role of this potentially life-saving procedure is discussed. PMID- 7254997 TI - Esophageal muscular ring and the VACTERL association: a case report. AB - A 2-year-old girl with persistent vomiting of solid foods was evaluated; the diagnosis was esophageal muscular ring. This rare congenital anomaly and its differentiation from esophageal stricture are discussed. This case represents a variation of the esophageal malformation associated with the VACTERL association. PMID- 7254998 TI - Further definition of history and observation variables in assessing febrile children. AB - The experienced clinician makes a judgment (hereafter called overall assessment [OA]) about the degree of illness of a febrile child prior to physical examination. In order to define the history and observation variables on which OA is based, 262 febrile children less than or equal to 24 months of age were evaluated simultaneously by multiple observers including attending pediatricians, practicing pediatricians, pediatric house officers, and nurses. The observer listed history and observation variables he/she thought most important in making an OA on a blank, lined form and then scored those variables and OA as normal, or mildly, moderately, or severely impaired. Scoring for observation rather than history variables was better correlated with scoring for OA and serious illness. The observation variables most frequently mentioned by all observers were the child's "looking at the observer" and "looking around the room." There were 20 observation variables frequently mentioned, the scoring of which significantly correlated with scoring for OA; four of these 20 variables related to eye function. The child's response to a stimulus was noted in 105/186 different observation variables listed; both the attending pediatrician and the house officer scored these stimulus-response variables significantly different in children with, vs those without, serious illnesses. For attending pediatricians, house officers, and nurses, serious illness was five to seven times as likely if an OA of moderate or severe impairment was made than if it were not made. OA is a key skill in evaluating febrile children; these data identify variables on which OA is based, document the importance of assessing eye function in young, febrile children, and demonstrate that eye function is one key type of stimulus-response behavior on which the pediatrician as clinician and developmentalist relies to make judgments about febrile children. PMID- 7254999 TI - Use of groups in well child care. AB - A controlled study was conducted to examine the use of groups for well child care in the office setting. Group visits were compared to traditional visits by assessing the efficiency, efficacy, content, and process of visits as well as patient satisfaction. The group method was efficient and required no more provider time per pair than individual visits. The group method effectively changed the process and content of the well child visits and was acceptable to the sample population. Few changes in health care utilization were found, but mothers in the experimental group completed more well child visits and sought less advice between visits than mothers in the control group. The group method offers an alternative method of care that is worthy of further investigation and implementation. PMID- 7255000 TI - Enuresis: a contrast of attitudes of parents and physicians. AB - Questionnaires were used to survey 1,435 parents and 446 physicians in order to determine and compare attitudes and beliefs about enuresis. Although both groups thought that bed-wetting is a maturational problem, the parent group thought emotional causes were important and were less likely to accept small bladder size as an etiology. Parents thought that children should be dry at a much younger age than did the physicians (2.75 vs 5.13 years, respectively). Only 63% of parents thought that medical intervention is a good way to deal with a child's bed wetting, yet 87% of the physicians suggested medical evaluation. A comparison of the various methods used to stop bed-wetting indicated that parents use waking the child, reassurance and talking with the child, restricting fluids, and punishment significantly more often than physicians. Although many physicians prescribe medication, only 6.6% of the parents thought that medicines are a "very good way" to treat enuresis. When developing a treatment plan for a child with enuresis, the physician should recognize the wide differences between parental and physician attitudes toward this common problem of childhood. PMID- 7255002 TI - Cross-nursing: wet-nursing in a contemporary context. AB - Cross-nursing, or the breast-feeding of an infant not one's own, appears to be an increasingly popular, if not well reported, practice. The physical and psychologic effects are not well documented, but may be quite different from those of the institutionalized wet-nursing of the past. Three mothers who cross nurse were interviewed; the practice appears to have had no ill effect on them or their infants. Cross-nursing is a logical and practical extension of the resurgence of breast-feeding and may, in turn, increase the incidence of breast feeding by making it more attractive to employed mothers. Before the practice can be properly evaluated, however, more data are needed, particularly with regard to possible physical reactions in the infants. In the meantime, pediatricians should be aware that their breast-fed patients may be participating in a cross-nursing situation, and suggest prudent considerations. PMID- 7255003 TI - Purchasing infant shoes: attitudes of parents, pediatricians, and store managers. AB - Questionnaires designed to collect data about the purchase of shoes for normal infants were completed by 104 parents in a university ambulatory unit, 127 practicing pediatricians, and 36 shoe store managers. Infants received their first pair of walking shoes at an average age of 8.1 months (range: 4 to 12 months) and at an average cost of $14.56 (range: $2 to $43). Most of these shoes had laces (95%), high tops (87%), hard soles (74%), and special arch supports (50%). Of the 104 children, 73 had shoes before they were walking (average cost: $13.21) and 35 wore walking shoes before they were even standing (average cost: $12.68). Parents obtained much more information about shoes from friends and relatives than from physicians. Those parents who obtained most of their information from salespersons spent the most for shoes. The average cost of shoes recommended by store managers was $18.74. Although 77% of pediatricians felt that inexpensive canvas sneakers are adequate, only 28% of the salespersons and 37% of the parents believed that wearing sneakers is healthy. PMID- 7255001 TI - Effects of Brazelton demonstrations for mothers on the development of preterm infants. AB - Thirty healthy preterm infants were randomly assigned either to a control group or to one of two experimental groups. The mothers of the first experimental group were present during an administration of the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale and were asked to complete the Mother's Assessment of the Behavior of Her Infant Scale (MABI) at birth and weekly for four weeks after the discharge of their infants. The mothers of the second experimental group were not present during the administration of the Brazelton scale, but were asked to complete the MABI scale at birth and weekly for the first month after discharge. The mothers of the control infants did not observe administration of the Brazelton scale or complete the MABI scale, but were asked to complete a questionnaire on the developmental milestones of their infants. At 1, 4, and 12 months of age these infants were visited in their homes by teams of researchers blind to the hypothesis of the study and to the group assignment of the infants. The results at 1 month demonstrated that the experimental groups performed more optimally on the Brazelton scale interactive process items. These infants also received superior ratings on the video-taped feeding and face-to-face play sequences. At 4 months the experimental group infants showed better fine motor adaptive abilities on the Denver Developmental Screening Test than did the control group. In addition, the face-to-face interaction ratings of the two experimental groups were significantly better that were those of the control group. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered when the infants were 12 months corrected age. The infants of the experimental groups received significantly higher scores on the Mental Development Scale. This study suggests that teaching mothers the amazing skills of their newborns on the Brazelton and MABI scales may facilitate early interactions which, in turn, may contribute to early cognitive development. PMID- 7255004 TI - 'Stiff-man syndrome' in an adolescent. AB - A 16-year-old body with stiff-man syndrome is described because the condition rarely occurs in this age group. Diagnosis, by appropriate electrodiagnostic studies, is important because stiff-man syndrome is easily treated with high doses of diazepam. PMID- 7255005 TI - Fever and convulsions--indications for laboratory investigations. PMID- 7255006 TI - Acute urinary retention secondary to severe gonococcal balanoblennorrhea. PMID- 7255007 TI - Does the early application of silver nitrate impair maternal attachment? PMID- 7255008 TI - Cardiac catheterization in the pediatric patient. PMID- 7255009 TI - HLA antigens in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in New England. AB - HLA antigens were evaluated in 27 patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) in the Boston area. In contrast to previous Japanese studies, no increase of HLA-Bw22 was found. A significant increase (P less than .002), however, in HLA-Bw51 was found in the patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome as compared to an appropriate control population. To our knowledge, this is only the second disease associated with HLA-B5 specificity. The observations illustrate the lack of unified genetic predisposition for a such disease in two ethnic groups, white and Japanese. Such findings may have genetic implications regarding interhuman variation in immune responsiveness. PMID- 7255010 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics: Committee on Accident and Poison Prevention. First aid for the choking child. PMID- 7255011 TI - Must we teach 'Clinical Judgement'? PMID- 7255012 TI - Chloride deficiency and alkalosis. PMID- 7255014 TI - Measurement of intracranial pressure. PMID- 7255013 TI - Does lumbar CSF pressure accurately reflect intracranial pressure? PMID- 7255015 TI - Caloric deprivation questioned in breast milk jaundice. PMID- 7255017 TI - On angiomas of retina, brain, and skin. PMID- 7255016 TI - Are pediatricians qualified to judge suicide gestures? PMID- 7255019 TI - Who commits suicide? PMID- 7255018 TI - Dietary chloride deficiency. PMID- 7255020 TI - [Embryonic dysgenesis stigmata in children with nephropathies]. PMID- 7255021 TI - [Phospholipase activity and urinary phospholipid excretion in diffuse glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 7255022 TI - [Comparison of the coagulating and fibrinolytic properties of blood and urine in different forms of chronic glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 7255023 TI - [Significance of viral infection in pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 7255024 TI - [Status and further improvement of polyclinical care for children in the USSR]. PMID- 7255025 TI - [Risk factors in the development of kidney failure and the manifestations of chronic kidney failure in childhood (based on data from the III Soviet-German Symposium on Chronic Kidney Failure in Children, Moscow, 15 May 1979)]. PMID- 7255026 TI - [Acute kidney failure in lupus nephritis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7255028 TI - [Glycosaminoglycan metabolic state in allergic diseases in children]. PMID- 7255027 TI - [Immunoglobulin content in the oral secretion of healthy children depending on age, sex and the time of day and season]. PMID- 7255029 TI - [Pathogenesis of the allergic manifestations in neuroarthritic diathesis in children]. PMID- 7255030 TI - [Effect of constitutional anomalies on the occurrence and course of bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis in children]. PMID- 7255031 TI - [Clinical and immunological parallels in diseases related to food sensitization in children]. PMID- 7255032 TI - [Cholinergic shifts and nibufin therapy in food allergy in children]. PMID- 7255033 TI - [Allergic diseases in schoolchildren and adolescents in western Siberia]. PMID- 7255035 TI - [Erysipelatous inflammation in children]. PMID- 7255034 TI - [Pollinosis in children in the Kuzbass]. PMID- 7255036 TI - [Use of silver ions in the combined treatment of cystitis in children]. PMID- 7255037 TI - [Acute kidney failure in newborn infants]. PMID- 7255038 TI - [Syncopal vertebral syndrome in childhood]. PMID- 7255040 TI - [Work experience of a pediatric infectious disease resuscitation and intensive therapy department]. PMID- 7255039 TI - [Organization of polyclinic services for children with urinary tract diseases]. PMID- 7255041 TI - [Standardization of sexual maturity indices of children and adolescents]. PMID- 7255042 TI - [Pancreatic function in cholepathies in children]. PMID- 7255043 TI - [Staphylococcal liver abscess in a 3-year-old child]. PMID- 7255045 TI - Selective perception squared: a reply to Kuethe. AB - In a rejoinder, Kuethe (1980) criticized an article by Jackson and Klopfer (1977) which found no differences in the replacement accuracy of human and non-human figures on the Felt Figure Replacement Technique. The present reply gives primarily an analysis of those studies suggested by Kuethe as supporting his position and shows weak or non-existence support. This reply also examines the supposed ignoring of ordinal data patterns and finds no support for such criticism. The sensory-perceptual explanation supported by Jackson and Klopfer (1977) and others remains a viable alternative to the social-perceptual explanation provided by Kuethe. PMID- 7255046 TI - Transfer benefits of biofeedback: a research note. AB - Three subjects who were given training in reduction of frontalis-upper trapezius tension maintained lower muscular tension during vigilance than 3 controls without biofeedback training. Perhaps linking biofeedback with practice may facilitate transfer. PMID- 7255044 TI - [Renal excretion of connective tissue metabolites and the state of the glomerular basement membranes in hereditary nephritis in children]. PMID- 7255047 TI - Personality characteristics of Parkinson's disease. AB - The 18 patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease were individually administered the Rorschach test. They showed less Dd%, more S%, more FC, and slightly more M responses than Japanese normal adults. These findings suggest the following personality characteristics of Parkinsonians: they are reserved, self-reliant, over-control emotionality in their inner lives, and like going their own ways. They have good common sense. PMID- 7255048 TI - Development of selective auditory attention skills in children. AB - This study investigated the development of selective auditory attention skills of 53 children and 5 through 9 yr. old. Each child was tested individually via headphones at a comfortable listening level. The task required pointing to the appropriate picture of a monosyllabic word presented diotically. The task was presented first in quiet and then under each of three noise (distractor) conditions, white noise (nonlinguistic), speech backwards (linguistic nonsemantic), a speech forward (semantic). Age and type of distractor significantly influenced test scores. The semantic distractor caused the greatest distraction for all children. PMID- 7255049 TI - Channel capacity for kinesthetic torque information. AB - A previous study (Russel & Marteniuk, 1974) used informational analysis of absolute judgments to investigate the capacity of the kinesthetic system to transmit information derived from torque cues. As perfect transmission was not obtained in that study, no firm statement regarding channel capacity could be made. Four experiments were conducted in which five subjects made judgments concerning in intensity of 2, 4, 6, and 8 categories, respectively, in an attempt to determine the channel capacity for torque. Information transfer for the four experiments was 1.00, 1.45, 1.60, and 1.67 bits, respectively. It is argued that the latter figure probably reflects the true capacity of the kinesthetic system rather than the 2.09 bits previously reported. PMID- 7255050 TI - Rate of optokinetic nystagmus to the left and right and performance on the portable Rod and Frame Test. AB - Deviations from the true vertical on the Rod and Frame Test were studied in relation to optokinetic nystagmus response during varied mental activities in 14 right-handed male college students. Judgment of the vertical was more accurate for 7 subjects whose frequency of optokinetic nystagmus was high or low in both directions than for those 7 whose optokinetic nystagmus frequency was high in one direction and low in the other. Asymmetries in the degree to which subjects' optokinetic nystagmus frequency was raised during periods when they were instructed to perform presumed left-hemisphere mental tasks were related to asymmetries in their Rod and Frame Test performance. PMID- 7255051 TI - Trail Making scores as a prediction of aggressive behaviour in personality disordered patients. AB - This paper investigates the relationship between Trail Making scores and observer rated aggressive behaviour of 33 patients in a therapeutic community. Significant correlations (.34 to .59) were found between Trail Making scores and aggressive outbursts. PMID- 7255052 TI - Role of brightness contrast and brightness contrast-reversal in illusory contour formation. AB - The effects of artificial pupil size and the effects of a power lens upon the relative prominence of illusory contour were evaluated. The perception of illusory contour was facilitated by conditions associated with increased retinal blur and brightness averaging. This was true whether the blur and averaging were achieved using a large artificial pupil or a power lens. The effects of power lens and the effects of artificial pupil size upon the occurrence of brightness contrast and brightness contrast-reversal (or assimilation) were also investigated. Brightness contrast was changed to brightness contrast-reversal by using either a power lens or a large artificial pupil. The occurrence of vivid illusory contour under conditions found conductive to brightness contrast reversal was interpreted as evidence that contrast-reversal was more crucial in illusory contour formation that brightness contrast. PMID- 7255053 TI - Pupillary response to auditory versus visual mental loading: a pilot study using super 8-mm photography. AB - The present investigation was two-fold in purpose: to test the hypothesis that auditory mental loading would require greater mental effort and larger resultant pupillary dilation than visual mental loading, and to provide evidence for the feasibility of super 8-mm photography for pupillometric research. Subjects were 30 college students. Stimuli to be stored in memory and repeated aloud in reverse order were seven-digit number-series. Series were either presented visually from 35-mm slides or auditorily from a taped recording. Pupillary responses were recorded to the nearest centimeter on a projected image. Results did not support the hypothesis, but methodologically strong evidence supported 8-mm photography for pupillometry research. PMID- 7255054 TI - Two-point tactual discrimination: a signal detection approach. AB - This investigation determined if subthreshold two-point aesthesiometer separations could be discriminated from one-point on the dorsal forearm. A fixed based matching signal-detection technique was employed. The results indicated that subjects can reliably discriminate two-point separations as small as 2 mm when compared to one point. PMID- 7255055 TI - Effects of noise frequency on performance and annoyance for women and men. AB - Effects of noise frequencies on both performance on a complex psychomotor task and annoyance were investigated for men (n = 30) and women (n = 30). Each subject performed a complex psychomotor task for 50 min. in the presence of low frequency noise, high frequency noise, or ambient noise. Women and men learned the task at different rates. Little effect of noise was shown. Annoyance ratings were subsequently obtained from each subject for noise of various frequencies by the method of magnitude estimation. High frequency noises were more annoying than low frequency noises regardless of sex and immediate prior exposure to noise. Sex differences in annoyance did not occur. Not direct relationship between learning to perform a complex task while exposed to noise and annoyance by that noise was demonstrated. PMID- 7255057 TI - Effects of schedule information on the slowed fixed-ratio responding of schizophrenics. AB - Instructions which provided schedule information were given to schizophrenics in an attempt to modify their slowed responding under a 40-response fixed-ratio (FR 40) schedule of penny reinforcements. Such information increased initial but not final rates of FR 40 responding. PMID- 7255056 TI - Running and depression. PMID- 7255058 TI - Children's reaction times to verbal and nonverbal tachistoscopic stimuli exposed to the left and right visual hemifields. AB - Tachistoscopic tests of the left and right visual hemifields to identify three letter words and simple geometric figures were administered to 64 children (32 boys, 32 girls) in the age group 7 to 8 yr. and in their second year of school. The results show no significant differences in visual perceptual threshold between the two hemifields for either of the two tests (three-letter words and simple geometric figures). The authors interpret the results as confirming a lesser and not definitely determined lateralization in children. PMID- 7255059 TI - Disabled readers: their intellectual and perceptual capacities at differing ages. AB - To investigate the multiple relationships between selected measures of intelligence and perception and reading achievement a group of young, poor readers (MCA = 8.4 yr.) and a group of older, poor readers (MCA = 11.2 yr.) were given the Gates-MacGinitie Achievement Test, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Slosson Intelligence Test, Spatial Orientation Memory Test, and Auditory Discrimination Test. The combination of the four predictor variables accounted for a significant amount of the variance in reading vocabulary and comprehension for youngest and older poor readers. Greater variance was accounted for in the reading achievement of younger students than of older students. Perceptual abilities related more strongly for younger students, while intelligence related more strongly for older students. Questions are raised about the validity of using expectancy formulae with younger disabled readers and the "learning disabilities" approach with older disabled readers. PMID- 7255060 TI - Type A/B behavior patterns and the reporting of lifetime symptomatology: A = B. AB - Coronary to previous results, Type A behavior pattern was not associated with a denial of illness or a decreased propensity to experience it as aversive by 44 male and 30 female college students. PMID- 7255061 TI - Effects of training on response latency and accuracy for a difficult visual discrimination. AB - The learning of a difficult discrimination task was investigated in a laboratory simulation of a quality control task. In an earlier experiment, observers were trained to discriminate between 2 brief, masked stimulus patterns. Then, a trained and an untrained group of observers were tested on the same stimulus discrimination task. Response latency as well as P(Dis) were measured in a forced choice reaction time paradigm. Untrained observers responded with a mean probability of correct discrimination, P(Dis), = .65 for stimuli with 30-msec. duration and mean P(Dis) greater than or equal to .90 those stimuli with 100 msec. duration. Trained observers produced discrimination scores of P(Dis) greater than or equal to .90 for all stimulus durations tested. Despite this large, reliable training effect of P(Dis), response latencies did not differ reliably between the two groups but instead were a negative function of stimulus duration for both trained and untrained observers. PMID- 7255062 TI - Hemispheric superiority for processing a mirror image. AB - 39 adult subjects were administered a test using tachistoscopic half-field presentations to determine hemispheric dominance and a mirror-tracing task to determine if an hemispheric superiority exists for processing a mirror-image. The results indicate superiority of the nondominant hemisphere for this task. PMID- 7255063 TI - Caudate nucleus lesions impair the ability of rats to learn a simple straight alley task. AB - Learning to run down a straight alley for a food reward was investigated in rats with lesions of the telencephalon. Over 84 trials the running latencies of rats with lesions of the caudate nucleus were significantly greater than those of subjects with lesions of the frontal cortex or sham-lesioned rats. The running latencies of the cortical- and the sham-lesioned groups were not significantly different. It was suggested that the performance of the caudotomized rats reflected a learning deficit. PMID- 7255064 TI - Aged and error differences on Memory-for-Designs. AB - Age reliably predicted performance of 120 volunteers, 20 to 84 yr. old, on the Memory-for-Designs test. Scoring employed both the Graham-Kendall and a modified scoring technique in which each of 15 designs was rated within six error categories (reversal, distortion, omission, rotation, embellishment, perseveration). Inter-rater reliability of four raters indicated a marked scoring consistency and the error category scoring interacted with age, i.e., older persons (greater than 60 yr.) made more omission and distortion errors than younger persons (less than 40 yr.) who committed proportionally more reversal errors. Concomitant performance on the WAIS Block Design accounted for only part of the age differences in errors. The error category scoring was more sensitive to age differences in visual memory than the usual Graham-Kendall scoring method. In addition, it provided much needed age norms. PMID- 7255065 TI - Effects of age and reading ability on visual discrimination. AB - 60 children were shown 45 pairs of cartoons with the task of searching through the first cartoon and detecting which sequence of colors, geometrical patterns, or letters had the same couple of elements drawn in the second cartoon. Older children and those who were able to read performed better. The results confirm the hypothesis that the development of some visual skills is a by-product of learning to read. PMID- 7255066 TI - Free recall and rehearsal strategies in average and severely disabled readers. AB - Free recall and rehearsal strategies were investigated in 43 boys and 24 girls in fifth and sixth grades; they were 18 average and 49 severely disabled readers. Memory abilities were measured by recall in the overt recall condition in a written free-recall test of three lists of 20 words each that required second grade reading ability or less. Average readers performed better than severely disabled readers in terms of total recall and long-term memory. Elaborative rehearsal strategies rather than non-elaborative rehearsal strategies (repetition only) discriminated between the two groups. The organizational ability represented in elaborative rehearsal strategies was the hypothesized mechanism responsible for the better long-term memory and total recall observed in average readers. PMID- 7255067 TI - Different facets of sex anxiety. PMID- 7255068 TI - Combining psychometric data on brain damage and the influence of aging. AB - 60 young and middle-aged patients (age 20 to 52 yr.) with generalized and chronic brain damage were individually matched for age, social class, education, and occupational history with normal control subjects with no history of brain damage. Both groups were given a battery of cognitive tests which included Clement's Digit Code test, Memory-for-Designs, Trail Making, the Spiral Aftereffect, Elithorn's mazes, Mill Hill vocabulary, Progressive Matrices, and the Synonym test. The discriminative efficiency of each measure was examined individually and in combination using discriminant function analysis. The most efficient individual discriminator was the Digit Code. When this was combined with the Trail Making Part B, correct over-all classification was 80%. No other addition improved discrimination significantly. Thus a battery of tests taking 10 min. to administer was as effective as the larger battery which took more than 2 hr. The gradient of test scores with age was examined cross-sectionally for each measure. For most tests, gradients were larger for the brain-damaged than for the control group. PMID- 7255069 TI - Meaningfulness and isolation effect for normal and retarded subjects. AB - The aim of this study was to verify whether, in the normal and retarded subjects (aged 11.7 yr.), the isolation effect is less evidence the lower the meaningfulness of the material to be recalled. 12 groups were tested, six normal and six retarded, each of 25 subjects. The retardation was diagnosed with Raven's Progressive Matrix '38. Three series each of 9 CVC trigrams were used at 15--20%, 50--55% and 85--90% of associative value, respectively. Each trigram was exposed for 3 sec. As the level of meaningfulness increased so did the isolation effect for both normal and retarded subjects. For the retarded, however, the isolation effect only appears when the level of meaningfulness is very high. PMID- 7255070 TI - Preschool children's field independence: prediction from antecedent and concurrent maternal and child behavior. AB - This study was designed to explore the stability of early precursors of field independence. Field independence at preschool age (3 1/2 yr.) was measured by the Preschool Embedded-figures Test and was regressed on measures of 24 children's social and exploratory behaviors at infancy (1 yr.) and at preschool and on measures of maternal interaction behaviors at infancy and at preschool. The children's exploratory behaviors and the mothers' behaviors at infancy and preschool were not predictive of cognitive style. The children's social behaviors at both ages were highly related to their cognitive styles. Examination of the regression equations suggested the field-dependent children seek more emotional reassurance from their mothers at both times of observation than field independent children. The data did not provide support for the idea that mothers' proximal and distal behaviors towards their children influenced the early development of field independence. PMID- 7255071 TI - Effect of prior exposure to stimulus material on identification of speakers' sex, height, and weight. AB - The purpose of this series of experiments was to determine the effect of prior exposure to taped stimulus material on listeners' judgments of speakers' sex, height, and weight. Two series of listening experiments, one concerned with sex identification and one with height and weight identification, were conducted. Results indicate that prior exposure to stimulus material improved the accuracy of listeners' judgments of speakers' sex, height, and weight. However, they also indicate that it is not necessary to receive prior exposure to the complete set of stimuli to achieve accurate judgments. Prior exposure to the stimulus material improved listeners' confidence in their estimates of height and weight but not in their judgments of speakers' sex. PMID- 7255072 TI - Dyslexia: why and when the visual-acoustic-kinesthetic-tactile remedial approach might work. PMID- 7255073 TI - Binocular pattern stabilization by afterimage technique: reliability of children's time-dependent judgments of chromatic features. AB - To investigate visual afterimage technique as a means of producing retinally stabilized pattern, children's judgments of time-dependent shifts in chromatic appearance of random-dot configurations were twice examined within a 3-wk. interval. 13 subjects, aged 7 to 12 yr., were very consistent (r = .93) in their test-retest response times. This supports the belief that after image procedures can be developed as a reliable means of studying developmental aspects of stabilized pattern perception. PMID- 7255075 TI - Ocular dominance, cognitive strategy, and sex differences in spatial ability. AB - Ocular dominance, handedness, and cognitive strategy were assessed in relation to performance by 146 undergraduates on the Vandenberg Mental Rotation Test. Higher spatial scores were found for right-eyed subjects, right-handed subjects, and males. These higher scoring groups reported using similar cognitive strategies. The counted blocks less, used their hands less, and pictured in their minds more than the left-eyed, left-handed and female subjects. Results confirm previous findings. PMID- 7255074 TI - Effects of ethanol and psychomotor tests on state anxiety: interaction with menstrual cycle in women. AB - 10 non-alcoholic women (ages 20 to 25 yr.) were administered drinks containing ethanol 0.0, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.2 g/kg. They then performed four complex psychomotor tasks. Immediately prior to drinking and after completing the tasks they were given the Spielberger State-Anxiety Inventory. Women were tested both during follicular and the luteal phases of their menstrual cycle. A significant positive correlation was found between increments in anxiety scores and blood ethanol levels in the luteal but not in the follicular phase. PMID- 7255076 TI - Three dimensional view of sign iconicity. AB - The data suggest that learners' backgrounds are influential in determining which signs will be most easily perceived as iconic, which means that iconicity should not be determined solely on a linguistic basis. PMID- 7255077 TI - Age effects on Trail Making Test performance. AB - The Trail Making Test, used in differentiating brain-damaged from non-brain damaged individuals, was administered to 150 non-brain-damaged subjects classified into five age decades to determine the effects of age on performance. Between-group comparisons as well as correlational data indicated that older subjects performed significantly more poorly than younger subjects. Significant small negative correlations of performance with education and intelligence suggested that lower intelligence and education also may adversely affect performance. Some implications of these findings for clinical neuropsychology are discussed. PMID- 7255078 TI - Neuropsychological assessment of an adult's minimal brain dysfunction: a case study. AB - A 38-yr.-old married man complained of difficulties in remembering and concentration. Related were difficulties in orienting himself in space, planning and completing visual-spatial tasks, and participating in complex perceptual motor activities. Neurological and traditional psychological examinations indicated no organic deficits. Neuropsychological evaluation produced evidence suggestive of subtle cerebral dysfunction. Limitations of traditional assessment strategies to identify the clinical manifestations of adults' minimal brain dysfunction are briefly discussed. PMID- 7255079 TI - Perception of an illusory contour as a function of processing time. AB - The temporal development of illusory contour figures was investigated with the use of backward masking to control the duration of processing. The integration of an illusory triangle is elicited after 100 ms of processing time. When a pattern yielding the impression of a brick background is added to the display the triangle is elicited after 100 ms, held as a viable construct for the next 200 ms, and then is no longer perceived. When the brick pattern is drawn so as to appear transparent, a sequence of four qualitatively different percepts arise, culminating in the perception of a triangle located behind the transparent pattern. These findings are consistent with a hypothesis-testing model in which the construct "triangle" interacts with an increasing number of features of the stimulus array; at each interaction it may or may not be found to be consistent with the sensory evidence newly taken into account. PMID- 7255080 TI - The dominance of touch by vision: occurs with familiar objects. AB - In a study of visual dominance based on Rock and Victor's experiments, observers examined well-known objects while receiving conflicting tactual and visual information. In experiment 1 observers simultaneously felt a circular 20 cent coin and looked at it through a lens which transformed the visual image to an oval with axes in the ratio 1 : 1.8. In experiment 2 another sample of observers felt well known cubic objects-dice-and looked at them through lens systems made the visual images: (i) rectangular with sides in the ratio 1 : 1.3; (2) diamond shaped with 72 degrees smaller angles; (iii) rectangular with side in the ratio 1 : 1.8; and (iv) a parallelogram with side lengths in the ratio 1 : 1.8 and with 60 degrees smaller angles. Although there was some conflict between the observers' cognitions and their percepts, effectively all reported that the target objects were like or felt like their visual images, demonstrating that the dominance of vision over touch is far stronger than has been recognised. PMID- 7255081 TI - An examination of intertrial interval and gender influences on sucrose detection thresholds established by a modified staircase procedure. AB - The influence of intertrial interval durations ranging from 7 to 30 s upon sucrose detection thresholds of sixteen subjects was investigated by means of a modified staircase procedure with intertrial rinses. In addition, the influence of the sex of the subject was examined. Neither the intertrial interval nor the sex of the subject significantly affected sucrose detection thresholds. The results suggest that, in sucrose detection threshold studies using the present procedure, one can employ intertrial intervals as short at 7 s without significantly affecting the threshold value. PMID- 7255083 TI - Is accommodation colorblind? Focusing chromatic contours. AB - Two adjacent regions define an edge if they differ in either color or luminance. If the difference is purely chromatic, the edge is said to be isoluminant. Isoluminant contours are often perceptually unstable. Perhaps some of this instability could be explained if isoluminant contours were difficult to bring into focus. To test this hypothesis, a vernier optometer was used to measure the accuracy of steady-state accommodation for the vertical boundary of a red-green bipartite field. This edge was presented at optical distances of 0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 diopters, with brightness contrasts between the two hemifields of 0% (isoluminant), 15%, 58%, and 100%. Accommodation was essentially unresponsiveness to the isoluminant edge and exhibited increasing focusing accuracy with increased brightness contrast. Control experiments replicated this finding for red-orange, green-blue, and white-white fields. These results imply that luminance contrast is a necessary stimulus for monocular accommodation. Inappropriate accommodation may be a factor contributing to the perceptual instability of isoluminant patterns. PMID- 7255082 TI - Control and sense of eye movement behind closed eyelids. AB - To investigate the question of what happens with regard to position sense and control of the human eyes when the eyelids are closed, the contact-wire-free electromagnetic eye movement recording method was developed. It was shown that after the start of blinking of eyelid closure, the eyeball moves up as the upper eyelids come down. Experimental data show human inability to maintain a given position of the eyes in the head under the closed lids. When the subject was asked to follow a simple geometrical path, a very weak metrical and topological correspondence between desired and actual paths occurred with closed eyes. It is proposed that the poor control of eye movements behind closed eyelids is due to the lack of available information about the eye position in the head. The assumption was confirmed by providing artificial auditory feedback about the eyeball position to the subject, which can be effectively used for gaze stabilization by the subject. It is suggested that visual information is the only useful basis for eye movement regulation under normal conditions. PMID- 7255084 TI - A versatile colour stimulus generator. AB - An inexpensive colour-picture generating system is described and a few applications are indicated. The basic comprises a microprocessor; a colour television monitor with R, G, and B inputs; and a number of video memories. The most important characteristic of the apparatus is the way in which video memories are used in combination with a set of colour registers and very fast digital/analog converters. The equipment permits display of any kind of figure with a maximum of eight colours simultaneously present. Figures may be generated point by point by the experimenter, or by computer. Colours can be changed continuously with the R, G, and B channels each receiving one out of 256 possible values. PMID- 7255085 TI - Does integration produce masking or protect from it? AB - To examine the role of integration in pattern masking, possible disruptive effects of integration were minimized by using a mask that overlaid completely all targets. Exposure durations were 10 ms, so under energy summation the target area was much darker than the rest. In another condition the mask was red and targets were blue, so under energy summation the target area could also be distinguished by hue. Masking magnitude increased with delay of mask onset, and it was established by four independent criteria that integration was negligible in the condition which produced most masking. It is deduced that integration is not necessary for masking; furthermore it is suggested that integration never produces masking, but rather may or may not protect from a disruptive effect of interruption. The argument is that were the visual system to have better visual resolution, it would suffer more given the same masking parameters. It is argued that type B masking functions arise from a combination of the facilitatory effect of integration and the detrimental effect of interruption. PMID- 7255086 TI - Perceptive field sizes and a new version of the Hermann grid. PMID- 7255087 TI - Learning to see the impossible. AB - Four experiments investigating children's ability to detect the impossibility of impossible figures are reported. In the first, children were required to identify the impossible figure from a pair of corresponding possible and impossible figures. Whilst seven-year-old children were able to detect the impossibility of certain impossible figures, their overall level of performance was lower than that of older children. Regardless of age, the impossibility of some types of figure was found to be relatively easy or difficult to detect. Experiment 2 confirmed this pattern of results using a task that required children to copy possible and impossible figures from memory. Experiment 3 showed that, when the impossibility of an impossible figure is not readily detected, this is not due to failure to understand the conventions used in that figure to represent depth and solidity. In experiment 4 predictions from different hypotheses concerning the principal factor responsible for the detection of impossibility were tested. Results support the view that the detection of impossibility requires the construction of a mental representation (internal model) of the inter-relations of the constituent parts of the depicted object. It is suggested that the construction of such internal models may be of general importance in picture perception. PMID- 7255088 TI - Span of attention, backward masking, and reaction time. PMID- 7255090 TI - The role of second formant transitions in the stop-semivowel distinction. PMID- 7255089 TI - The perception of verticality and the frame of reference of the visual tilt aftereffect. PMID- 7255091 TI - Categorical perception of stereoscopic stimuli. PMID- 7255092 TI - On how adults identify the orientation of a shape. PMID- 7255093 TI - Velocity gradients and relative depth perception. PMID- 7255094 TI - Feature-specific border effects in the discrimination of letter-like forms. PMID- 7255095 TI - Comparison of taste qualities elicited by tactile, electrical, and chemical stimulation of single human taste papillae. PMID- 7255097 TI - Perceived depth is a necessary factor in apparent motion concomitant with head motion: a reply to Shebilske and Proffitt. PMID- 7255096 TI - The priority of perceived distance for perceiving motion has not been demonstrated: critical comments on Gogel's "The sensing of retinal motion". PMID- 7255098 TI - Assessing power function relationships in magnitude estimation. PMID- 7255099 TI - Visual aging: a transient/sustained shift. PMID- 7255100 TI - What does the visual system know about words. PMID- 7255101 TI - An interval scale of saturation for the pigeon. PMID- 7255102 TI - Salient features of color space. PMID- 7255103 TI - The effect of refractive error on central and peripheral motion sensitivity at various exposure durations. PMID- 7255104 TI - Two subjective scales of number. PMID- 7255105 TI - [Simultaneous radiographic visualization of all hepatic veins by a single lumen balloon catheter (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255106 TI - [Reemphasis of the value of double contrast upper GI series for the diagnosis of right upper abdominal masses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255107 TI - [Acro-osteolysis (Hajdu-Cheney syndrome)--a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255108 TI - ["Accessory bronchial artery" arising from the right thyreocervical trunk--an angiographic observation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255109 TI - Clinical experience with californium-252 seed assemblies. PMID- 7255111 TI - [Resources for ophthalmological care in Scandinavia]. PMID- 7255110 TI - [Cooperative risk in radiation leukemogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255113 TI - [Strabismus in children -- diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7255112 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic advances in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7255114 TI - [Diabetes mellitus - overview and recommendations by WHO]. PMID- 7255116 TI - [Without the total picture medicine becomes unscientific. Interview by Eva Oldinger]. PMID- 7255115 TI - [Ethics research committees in 4 Scandinavian countries before the end of the year?]. PMID- 7255117 TI - [Actuarial survival]. PMID- 7255118 TI - [Endoscopic aspects of digestive candidiasis]. PMID- 7255119 TI - [Solid tumours after treatment for Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. AB - In a retrospective study covering the years 1963-1976 and involving 1 094 patients, 33 solid tumours were found to have occurred in 31 patients previously treated for Hodgkin's disease. The mean actuarial risk at 10 years of developing a second solid tumour is estimated at 5.4%, but the incidence varies according to the treatment applied, being 10.9% in patients under combined chemotherapy and 1.8% in patients under single-agent chemotherapy (p less than 0,04). This would confirm the role of chemotherapy in the development of second solid tumours, the course of which does not seem to differ from that of indentical primary tumours. The overall risk of having secondary solid tumours after treatment for Hodgkin's disease is 2.4 times higher than in normal control population (p less than 0.01). PMID- 7255121 TI - [Pre-glottic jet-ventilation with oxygen during laryngeal laser microsurgery]. PMID- 7255120 TI - [Candida infection of gastric ulcers. 6 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Candida infection of mild gastric ulcers was detected by gastric biopsy in 6 patients aged from 67 to 82 years. Filaments and spores were located in the connective tissue or submucosa in 3 cases and in the false membrane in the other 3. No predisposing cause was found in 5 patients. Chemical study of the gastric secretion was performed in all patients under maximal pentagastrin stimulation and showed normal acidity. The addition of amphotericin B to the anti-ulcerous treatment seems to have helped the ulcer to heal. PMID- 7255122 TI - [Angioplasty of left sub-clavian stenosis]. PMID- 7255123 TI - [Porphyria cutanea tarda in children. A case with a familial enzymatic study]. PMID- 7255124 TI - [Gelineau's syndrome. Changes in our ideas]. PMID- 7255125 TI - [Interference of meprobamate with adrenal hormone assays (author's transl)]. AB - The authors draw attention to the fact that the decrease in 17 hydroxycorticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids observed in patients under meprobamate treatment is probably due to chemical interference with assay methods, since normal response to metyrapone indicates that the adrenal function is unimpaired. The asthenia usually reported by these patients is due to depression and should not be blamed on deficiency of the adrenal cortex. PMID- 7255126 TI - [D-penicillamine induced myasthenic syndromes in rheumatoid arthritis. Two cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on 2 personal cases, and review 48 published cases of myasthenia induced by D-penicillamine (D-P) treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The clinical symptoms were not different from those of myasthenia gravis, and no correlation could be found between the total cumulative dose of D P and the onset on the myasthenic syndrome. In 71% of the patients the neurological deficiency regressed after D-P was withdrawn, but in some cases anticholinesterase treatment had to be continued and thymectomy was contemplated. The most remarkable biological abnormalities were anti-striational antibodies (found in 58% of the cases) and anti-acetylcholine receptors antibodies (found in 4 out of 7 patients tested). These findings are in favour of a genuine myasthenia and against a myasthenic syndrome due to neuro-muscular blockade. While the mechanisms underlying the emergence of these antibodies remains unknown, their presence throws new light on immunological disorders in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7255127 TI - [Present views on Kawasaki's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Recent findings seem to confirm that the pathophysiological mechanism responsible for Kawasaki's syndrome is of immunological origin. Cardiac involvement (coronary aneurysm/thrombosis) is not uncommon, and its influence on prognosis remains a cause for concern. Improved diagnostic (ultrasonography) and therapeutic approaches, together with prolonged surveillance of the patients, appear to have reduced the death rate. PMID- 7255128 TI - [A new jejunoplasty technique in total gastrectomy (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a new technique aimed at restoring continuity of the digestive tract after total gastrectomy by means of a jejunal loop anastomosed with the oesophagus and the duodenum. A new stomach-like reservoir is formed in the process, with two outlets (peristaltic and antiperistaltic) preventing oesophageal reflux and stenosis in case of recurrent coeliac tumour. PMID- 7255129 TI - [Chronic thyroid myopathy mimicking amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 7255130 TI - [Distal bone metastasis (index finger) with a pseudophlegmonous appearance, of bronchial origin]. PMID- 7255131 TI - [Anemia caused by medullary erythrophagocytosis. Initial manifestation of a general autoimmune disease]. PMID- 7255132 TI - [Childhood nodular calcinosis of the heel]. PMID- 7255133 TI - [Early closure of laparotomies for visceral necrosis and postoperative peritonitis]. PMID- 7255134 TI - [Generalized dysimmune amyloidosis diagnosed by pleural biopsy]. PMID- 7255135 TI - [Prognostic value of HBe antigen and anti-HBe antibody in viral hepatitis B (author's transl)]. AB - HBe antigen (Ag) and anti-HBe antibody (Ab) were detected in 50 patients with chronic hepatitis due to virus B. In 19 cases of non-specific hepatitis and 15 cases of chronic persistent hepatitis, there was a significant correlation (p less than 0.01) between biochemical disturbances and the presence of HBe Ag. In 13 cases of HBs Ag-positive chronic persistent hepatitis (9 with HBe Ag and 4 with anti-HBe Ab) followed up for a mean period of 15 months, the biochemical disturbances were associated with the presence of HBe Ag and they subsided when the anti-HBe Ab appeared. In 4 cases of persistent chronic hepatitis and 16 cases of chronic active hepatitis followed up biochemically and histologically for a mean period of 22 months, aggravation of hepatic lesions was observed in the 8 cases where HBe Ag persisted. Conversely, histological improvement and return to normal of biochemical values were noted in 8 of the 12 remaining cases (5 seroconversions HBe Ag/Ab, 1 seroconversion HBs Ag/Ab, 3 HBs Ag and HBc Ab, and 3 HBs Ab). The results of treatment with corticosteroids alone or combined with azathioprine appeared to correlate with changes in HBe serology rather than with the pharmacological effects of the drugs. It would therefore seem that the disappearance of HBe Ag is a prerequisite of improvement of hepatitis B and that the HBe Ag/anti-HBe Ab system is an excellent prognostic index, as it closely reflects the evolutive potential of the disease, which in turn governs all therapeutic measures. PMID- 7255137 TI - [Blood platelet oxygen consumption in pituitary dwarfs (author's transl)]. AB - Oxygen consumption in blood platelets of 14 pituitary dwarfs aged from 2 to 8 years was investigated before and after a 2 months' treatment with growth hormone (GH). No significant difference was found between dwarfs and control subjects in respect of basal platelet oxygen uptake (4.0 +/- 3.8 mmol O2/10(9) platelets/min in dwarfs as against 6.4 +/- 4.1 in controls), but the abrupt increase in oxygen consumption induced by thrombin was significantly reduced in dwarfs (4.3 +/- 4.1) as compared with controls (12.3 +/- 7.6; p less than 0.01). During GH treatment, however, the dwarfs' response to thrombin stimulation was similar to that of controls. Since dwarfs had normal platelet malonyldialdehyde production, it is likely that the mitochondrial component of thrombin-induced high oxygen consumption was deficient. These results suggest that blood platelets may contribute to the protective effect of GH deficiency against atherosclerosis. PMID- 7255139 TI - [Treatment of intertrochanteric hip fracture in the elderly with cervico-cephalic prosthesis (author's transl)]. AB - The author report on 100 cases of intertrochanteric hip fracture in the elderly treated with modified Moore's cervico-cephalic prosthesis (C.C.M.K.). The technique suppressed the risk of mechanical deterioration, reduced the lethal risk and gave functional and radiological results comparable to those obtained in large series of cervical fracture of the femur treated with cephalic prosthesis. In view of the usually poor functional status of these patients, these results can be considered as globally satisfactory. PMID- 7255136 TI - [N-Methyl-9 hydroxy-ellipticine (NSC 264-137) in the treatment of malignant metastases. Preliminary results (author's transl)]. AB - In a phase II trial 2 N-Methyl-9-Hydroxy-Ellipticine (NMHE) was administered in weekly infusions of 100mg/m2 over 1 hour to patients with malignant metastases. Prior to injection, the drug was dissolved in 250 ml isotonic glucose. The results were evaluated in 67 patients. Objective regression was observed in 23 (34%) and was superior to 50% in 10 cases. Patients showing signs of regression under treatment were mostly those with breast cancer (10/24 cases), soft tissue sarcoma (3/9 cases) and renal cancer (2/8 cases). The main toxic effect was haemolysis (2 cases), probably due to an immunoallergic mechanism. Attention is drawn to the lack of bone marrow toxicity. PMID- 7255140 TI - [Calcifications of soft tissues in lupus]. PMID- 7255138 TI - [Treatment of the polycystic ovary syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - A better understanding of the polycystic ovary syndrome (POS) may help to institute a more rational treatment adapted to each individual case. Seven therapeutic methods have been used until now, progestogens constituting the minimal treatment. Combined oestrogen and progestogen therapy remains basic as long as pregnancy is not desired and should include an anti-androgenic progestogen if hirsutism is to be reduced. Anti-oestrogens have dramatically improved the treatment of sterility and could be used against POS with certain precautions. Parenteral gonadotropins of the HMG variety are usually contra indicated. Ovarian wedge resection has few indications in view of the risk of post-operative adhesions. Dexamethasone has restored ovulation in some cases. Bromocriptine has recently given promising results. The indications of these various treatments depend on the results to be achieved: endometrial carcinoma must always be prevented, regular menstrual cycles should often be re established, hirsutism must be avoided or reduced, and fertility should be restored or at least preserved for the future by breaking the hormonal vicious circle. The high incidence of obesity and a possible desire for contraception should also be taken into account. PMID- 7255141 TI - [Splenic localization of amebiasis]. PMID- 7255142 TI - [Acute pericarditis and Behcet's disease]. PMID- 7255144 TI - [Kaposi's disease in myasthenia]. PMID- 7255143 TI - [Lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma with monoclonal serum IgA in the development of dermatitis herpetiformis]. PMID- 7255145 TI - [Permanent monocular visual defect, an unusual complication of migraine]. PMID- 7255146 TI - [Domperidone: a new pharmacodynamic agent for exploration of the hypophysis (author's transl)]. AB - Domperidone is a peripheral antagonist of dopamine which does not cross the blood brain barrier. It is administered orally in doses of 40 mg and consistently induces a rise in prolactin (delta + 2500 % at 90 minutes; surface under the curve 306,000) on condition that the mammotropic cells are in sufficient numbers and under central dopamine control. Adenomatous mammotrophs do not respond to domperidone (p less than 0.001 difference with controls). Three months after transphenoidal adenomectomy and correction of hyperprolactinaemia, there was no significantly change in the kinetics of prolactin response to the product. Some gonadotrophic hormone-producing adenomas exhibit paradoxical response of GH to L dopa and domperidone, which disappears after surgical excision. PMID- 7255147 TI - [Acute urine retention: a plea for urethral catheterization]. PMID- 7255148 TI - [Thrombopenia induced by cimetidine]. PMID- 7255149 TI - [Pleuro-pulmonary fibrosis caused by methysergide]. PMID- 7255150 TI - [Rise in creatine phosphokinase levels in ornithosis-psittacosis]. PMID- 7255151 TI - [Hypersensitivity to melphalan: cross-allergy with cyclophosphamide]. PMID- 7255152 TI - [Right hydrothorax associated with portal cavernoma in the absence of hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 7255154 TI - Erythrocytes and "vinca rosea" alkaloids. An in vitro study. AB - The reported stereoscan images have proved that overtherapeutic amounts of vincristine induce in normal red cells the same effects as vinblastine, i.e. the onset of spherocytosis (in about 30% of the cells) and spherostomatocytosis (in the remainder) associated with distinct smaller vacuoles surrounding the larger cavity. The lowest deformation-inducing doses have been found to be twice as high for vincristine as for vinblastine (0.6mM); this is probably due to the greater interaction of the latter drug (because of its methyl group) with the bilayer phospholipids. Unlike previous reports, the present findings have revealed that the onset of red cell deformation is energy independent, since the same aspects have been recorded in both young and old erythrocytes. Therefore, such deformations must be considered the morphological consequence of a drug-induced mechanical derangement of the membrane subunits. In drug-incubated normal erythrocytes it was found that (a) neither drug exerts any influence on the intraglobular energy production and/or utilization, (b) osmotic fragility is enhanced, and (c) potassium leak is increased. These findings may be considered convincingly consistent with the assumption of a drug-induced mechanical derangement of the bilayer components. PMID- 7255153 TI - [1st instance of the absence of an erythrocyte membrane protein (band 4(1)) in a case of familial elliptocytic anemia]. AB - In four members of a family presenting hereditary elliptocytosis erythrocytes were studied, membranes were extracted and proteins were analysed by gel electrophoresis in a polyacrylamide gradient. In one of the patients suffering from severe haemolytic anaemia successfully treated by splenectomy, an almost complete deficiency in band 4(1) was discovered. Endogenous protein kinase activities revealed the absence of radioactivity of band 4(1) in the proband, a result not modified by cAMP. The kinase activity was normal in the parents, which confirms the almost complete absence of protein 4(1) seen in the stained gel of the proband. A moderate increase in the phosphorylation of band 3 was observed in all the members of this family. Deformability was measured by a visco diffractometric method (Ektacytometry) in a medium of low viscosity (11 cp at 22 degrees C), allowing the recording of curves characteristic of elliptocytosis and revealing a markedly reduced deformability index (DI). At low shear stress, elliptocytes were oriented perpendicular to the flow (a result common to all elliptocytosis). In the proband several years after splenectomy, the DI was extremely reduced at high shear stress, which can be explained by the simultaneous presence of elliptocytes, schizocytes and spherocytes. A more detailed comparative study of the proteins of the various members of the family could lead to more precise information on the possible role of band 4(1) as a linkage protein maintaining the erythrocyte membrane stability. PMID- 7255155 TI - Granulomonocytic progenitor cells (CFC*) cultured from patients with polycythaemia vera. PMID- 7255156 TI - Granulomonocyte colony-forming cells in cord blood. AB - The number of colony-forming cells (CFC) in cord blood has been found to be widely dispersed (478 +/- 1003/ml or 3-5200). However, a few samples (7 of 37 in this series) contained more than 478 CFC/ml and in four of these cases a history of prenatal hypertension or infection was found. In the other 30 cases the mean number of CFC was 140.6 +/- 116.9/ml blood (3-390), which, however, remains much higher than data found for adult blood. In these 30 cased the mean number of cord blood CFC in newborns of less than 37 weeks gestational age was found significantly higher (194.2 +/- 125.8/ml) than in full-term babies (99.7 +/- 93./ml, P less than 0.025). Cord blood CFC were shown to be early developing, high cycling cells. Velocity sedimentation separation showed only one population of CFC in blood with low cloning efficiency similar in size to adult blood CFC, but with a higher suicide level. Two populations of different sizes were separated in cord blood with high cloning efficiency, the larger cell population being similar to the adult bone marrow, early developing CFC. In premature newborns and in some perinatal conditions, hematopoiesis is characterized by a high level of circulating CFC with the appearance of a population of large cycling cells. The relationship between these findings and neonatal hematology is discussed. PMID- 7255157 TI - [Prognostic value of the study of lymphocytic volumes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (author's transl)]. AB - The modal volume of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 23 patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) was measured by a Coulter ZBI linked to a channalyzer C 1000, varied from 140 to 262 mu3. A statistical correlation between the modal volume and anatomo-clinical forms of the disease was determined: a modal volume below 190 mu3 was statistically found among early forms while a volume over this threshold corresponded to advanced forms. Since Sipe et al. postulated that cell volume might be relayed to the cell kinetics, we attempted to determine the volume distribution law of lymphocytes from 12 CLL cases by applying the chi square distance test. The best adjustment was observed with the two log-normal populations model, but this adjustment was acceptable for only five cases over twelve. The instability in the determination of the percentage of the second population made it impossible + relate it with the proliferative cell fraction. Moreover, this model did not provide more significant information than the single modal volume. PMID- 7255159 TI - [The evolution of hematology]. PMID- 7255158 TI - [Hemoglobin N Baltimore: 28 cases in one Guadeloupe family (author's transl)]. AB - The detection of hemoglobin AN Baltimore in a young man, 28 years old in June 1978, led us make a family study. This family study was very interesting because our proband had 16 brothers and sisters, many of whom also had many children. Research on abnormal hemoglobins was done on 46 family members: 28 were carriers of hemoglobin AN Baltimore and three children, carriers of heterozygote SN Baltimore. PMID- 7255160 TI - Real-time scintillation probe measurement of left ventricular function. PMID- 7255162 TI - Some aspects of chemical synthesis of oligoribonucleotides. AB - A simple synthesis of ribothymidine 3'-phosphate from uridine 3'-phosphate was described. Crystalline 5'-O-trityl- or 5'-O-monomethoxytrityl-derivatives of ribonucleotides are easily prepared and purified in relatively large batches through choices of appropriate solvents. Acylimidazoles together with a strong nitrogeneous base have been successfully used for the acylation of the hydroxyl and amino groups of the nucleoside and nucleotide, and the reaction mechanism was studied. The relative stability of different blocking groups of guanosine 3' phosphate was compared. Oligoribonucleotide fragments including an octaribonucleotide of the T psi C- and D-loop of yeast alanine tRNA were synthesized. Quantitative analyses of the common ribo-nucleosides and nucleotides were done by a modified RPC method. PMID- 7255161 TI - [Assessment of left ventricular regional function by means of radioactive isotopes (author's transl)]. AB - Extensive analysis of heart function by scintigraphy yields global parameters of ventricular volumes and their changes during the heart cycle (ejection fraction, enddiastolic and endsystolic volumes, velocity of contraction and relaxation). Additionally, information regarding localized disorders of wall motion may be obtained in a qualitative and quantitative manner by the parameters "phase" and "amplitude". These parameters can be computed from regional time-activity curves by Fourier analysis. The radionuclide ventriculogram at rest is suitable for the detection and follow-up of asynergies caused by acute and chronic infarction. In can also be used as a method of distinguishing between reversible and irreversible asynergy by therapeutical intervention (intervention ventriculography). Abnormalities of regional wall motion which develop during exercise may indicate hemodynamically relevant coronary artery stenoses. PMID- 7255163 TI - Further studies on oligoribonucleotide synthesis. AB - Recent results concerning the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides via the phosphotriester method, such as functionalization of ribonucleosides, new phosphorylating agents, 5'-O-sulfonylation and chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 for monitoring the removal of internucleotide phosphotriester groups, are presented. To show that efficiency of a new approach to the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides the pentamer /Up/4U was obtained. PMID- 7255164 TI - Combined synthesis of internucleotide bond. PMID- 7255165 TI - Development in the phosphite-triester method of synthesis of oligonucleotides. PMID- 7255166 TI - A complete procedure for the chemical synthesis of oligoribonucleotides. AB - The synthesis of a set of protected ribonucleosides bearing a 5' monomethoxytrityl group and a 2'-t-butyldimethylsilyl group (series 1, MMTNSiOH) and another set having a 2'-t-butyldimethylsilyl and a 3'-levulinyl group (series 3, HONSiLV) is described. These two sets of derivatives along with the dichlorophosphite condensation procedure lead to a rapid and versatile synthetic procedure for the preparation of oligoribonucleotides. Nucleotide chains possessing a methoxytrityl group at the 5'-end and a levulynyl group at the 3' end possess an easily detected PMR label at each end (a distinct methyl singlet). The synthetic method is illustrated by the synthesis of a hexadecauridylic acid by a block condensation procedure. PMID- 7255167 TI - Chemical synthesis of an effective inhibitor of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells: pppA2'-5'A2'-5'A and some analogues. PMID- 7255168 TI - Preparative isolation of oligonucleotides from chemically degraded DNA. AB - A simple alternative to complicated chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides is presented. Readily available DNA is partially hydrolyzed to preparative amounts of oligonucleotides using various methods. Chromatographically, pure defined pyrimidine and purine nucleotides, and/or mixtures of sequence isomers, are isolated on preparative scale from the various mixtures of oligonucleotides. PMID- 7255170 TI - A novel class of condensing reagents in phosphodiester oligodeoxyribonucleotides synthesis. Application of the constituents of free terminal carboxy oxytocine gene. AB - Benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium salts have been used as novel condensing agents to promote internucleotide bond formation in phosphotriester oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis. The effectiveness of these stable compounds has been shown by the synthesis of the six oligodeoxyribonucleotide building blocks of the carboxy terminal oxytocine gene. Some modifications incorporated in the phosphotriester method include a rapid procedure to prepare the fully protected dideoxyribonucleotide blocks and size exclusion chromatography of the deprotected oligodeoxyribonucleotides. The triester oligodeoxyribonucleotides were studied by chemical ionization mass spectrometry. PMID- 7255169 TI - New chemical methods for synthesizing polynucleotides. PMID- 7255171 TI - Solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides on a crosslinked polyacrylmorpholide support. AB - A suitable support for the synthesis of oligonucleotides by the phosphodi- and triester approaches was prepared by treatment of commercially available crosslinked polyacrylmorpholide beads with piperazine. The resulting polymer was used as a support for the synthesis of the self complementary decanucleotide d(T C-G-G-A-T-C-C-G-A). An analog of dDMTrt in which one of the methoxy groups had been replaced by a carboxymethyloxy group was anchored to the polymer by an amide addition of an excess of protected nucleotide using phosphodiester methodology. Polymer supported synthesis by the phosphotriester approach of the octanucleotide d(T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T) and the hexanucleotide d(G-C-C-C-A-T) is also described. In this case 5'-O-dimethoxytritylthymidine 3'-O-monophthalate was synthesized and linked to the piperazinylated polymer. For the chain extension(3' to 5') a very simple deprotection and coupling cycle was devised. PMID- 7255172 TI - Rapid synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides. V. Further studies in solid phase synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides through phosphotriester intermediates. AB - The phosphotriester solid phase method of oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis on a polyamide support [M.J. Gait et al. (1980) Nucleic Acids Research 8, 1081-1096] has been applied to purine rich oligodeoxyribonucleotides of 10-12 units. Use of trichloroacetic acid as reagent for removal of terminal dimethoxytrityl groups reduced depurination during chain assembly. Improvements to reaction and isolation conditions for the preparation of monomer and dimer building blocks are also described. The new methods provide a simple, quick and efficient procedure for medium length oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis on a scale adequate for most requirements of molecular biology. PMID- 7255173 TI - Solid-phase synthesis of polynucleotides: V. Synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides by the phosphomonotriazolide method. AB - Synthesis of two oligodeoxyribonucleotides of defined sequences, an undecamer [d(TGCACCATTCT)] and a dodecamer [d(TGGAGCCACTAT)], and tetradecathymidylic acid was described by a simple solid-phase method on a polystyrene resin. The synthesis was performed by the stepwise addition of deoxynucleoside 3' phosphomonotriazolide to the resin, in the presence of a nucleophilic catalyst, 4 dimethylaminopyridine or N-methylimidazole. Quantitative coupling yield was consistently obtained for each cycle and the desired product was a major peak in the analysis of the final reaction by high performance liquid chromatography on Permaphase AAX. PMID- 7255174 TI - The effects of base sequence and dangling bases on the stability of short ribonucleic acid duplexes. AB - Variable temperature proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to establish that both sequence and dangling bases affect stability of short RNA double helices. Tetraribonucleotides, CAUG, UGCA and AGCU form reference duplexes (Tm 25 degrees, 33 degrees, 34 degrees, respectively) which contain an equal number of G . C and A . U base pairs and which show primary sequence is important. Pentaribonucleotides GAUGA, ACAUG, UGCAA and AGCUA, form duplexes (Tm 36 degrees, 35 degrees, 46 degrees, 45 degrees, respectively) with dangling adenines. Average Tm difference from the reference is +11 degrees for two 3' or 5'-dangling adenines. Pentaribonucleotides, CAUGU and UCAUG, form duplexes (Tm both 30 degrees) with dangling uracils. Average Tm difference from the reference is +5 degrees for two 3' or 5'-dangling uracils. Fraying was detected only in duplexes from the AGCU series. Presence of a dangling adenine, in duplex, AGCUA, caused a reduction in fraying. PMID- 7255175 TI - Chemical-enzymatic synthesis of biologically active DNA fragments. AB - In this communication we report our recent investigations concerned the design and construction of synthetic functionally active DNA fragments: the structural gene for pentapeptide Leu-enkephalin and the double-stranded 93 base pairs long polynucleotide representing the promoter region of bacteriophage fd DNA. The ways for synthesis of modified promoter analogs carrying photosensitive residues of 5 bromodeoxyuridine in different positions of the chain are also considered. PMID- 7255176 TI - Some improvements in the synthesis of DNA of biological interest. AB - In a brief summary the improvements introduced during synthesis of a minigene coding for the peptide hormone angiotensin II are outlined. Furthermore some recent improvements are reviewed: comprehensive study of N-protecting groups for the heterocyclic bases, effective 3'-O-phosphorylation using phosphomonochloridates and molecular sieves, a quick and mild detritylation procedure without any depurination using ZnBr2, a convenient tritylation method using molecular sieves, introduction of a sugar spray reagent for a simpler interpretation of tlc, an improved two-step-one-flask procedure for the synthesis of fully protected triester intermediates, an introduction of new phosphate protecting groups removable by beta-elimination in homogeneous phase, synthesis of the internucleotidic phosphotriester linkage using phosphomonoazolide derivatives of deoxynucleosides, versatile methods for anchoring nucleosides to a polymer support and a computerized nucleic acid synthesizer. PMID- 7255177 TI - Nature of side-reactions in oligonucleotide synthesis involving arenesulphonyl derivatives of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole and related condensing agents. AB - The protected guanosine and uridine derivatives (10a, 10b and 11) react with MSNT (2a) to give the nitrotriazole derivatives (12a, 12b and 14, respectively); the 2'-deoxyguanosine derivative (16) is converted into 17 in the same way. All of these reactions proceed more rapidly in the presence of diphenyl phosphate (8). The starting materials (10b and 11, respectively) may easily be regenerated from 12b and 14 by treatment with N1,N1,N3,N3-tetramethylguanidinium syn-4 nitrobenzaldoximate in dioxan solution, when 14 is treated with ammonia in aqueous dioxan, cytidine is obtained. N-Acyl-2',3',5'-tri-O-acyl derivatives of adenosine and cytidine and 3',5'-di-O-acetylthymidine are unaffected by MSNT (2a) even in the presence of diphenyl phosphate (8). TPSNT (2b) reacts with 2-N benzoylguanine and uracil residues in the same way as does MSNT (2a), but somewhat more slowly. MSTe (1; R = Me) reacts with 11 to give 19; however, its reaction with 10b is complete. PMID- 7255178 TI - Recent progress in oligonucleotide synthesis. AB - It was found that some improvements in oligoribo- and oligo-2' deoxyribonucleotide synthesis via the phosphotriester approach could be achieved using the p-nitrophenylethyl group for phosphate protection due to its stability in the condensation step and its clean removal of DBU and DBN respectively. Recent results will prove the synthetic advantages over known procedures. PMID- 7255179 TI - Ribonucleoside and ribonucleotide derivatives in polynucleotide synthesis. AB - Suitably protected ribonucleotide and ribonucleoside derivatives have been employed as versatile intermediates in both oligoribo- and oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis by the phosphotriester method. Thus, the barium salt of 5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-2'-O-(o-nitrobenzyl) uridine-3' p chlorophenyl-phosphate was used to prepare U-U-U as one example of a procedure that has general applicability in the construction of oligoribonucleotides. In addition, ribonucleosides like N4,O2',O3'-tribenzoylcytidine, and ribonucleotides such as the 2',3'-O-bis(dimethoxytrityl) and 2',3'-O-methoxymethylidene derivatives of uridine-5' p-chlorophenyl phosphate, provide a convenient means of introducing 3'- and/or 5'-terminal phosphate residues into oligonucleotides at the phosphotriester level. PMID- 7255180 TI - Syntheses of sulfur-containing nucleoside analogs. AB - Reaction of glycosyl isothiocyanates (1a,b,c) with diazo compounds or chloroethylamine gave glycosylamino-1,2,3-thiadiazoles and glycosylimidazolidine 2-thiones. Similar reaction of 1a,b with ethanolamine afforded N-glycosyl-N' hydroxyethylthioureides, followed by treatment of thionyl chloride to give glycosyliminothiazolidines. N-Glycosyl-N'-amidionthiocarboxamides were treated with thionyl chloride to give glycosyl s-triazin S-oxides. N-Glycosyl-N'-(6-amino 1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)thioureides were oxidized with NBS into pyrimidotriazine glycosides. PMID- 7255181 TI - Reactions of potent mutagens, 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2) and 2-amino-6-methyl-dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1) with nucleic acid. AB - Two potent mutagens, 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2), isolated from a tryptophan pyrolysate, and 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2' d]imidazole (Glu-P-1), isolated from a glutamic acid pyrolysate, modified calf thymus DNA in the presence of rat liver microsomes. The major base modified by Trp-P-2 was identified wih 3-(3-guanyl)amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole. The major base modified by Glu-P-1 was identified with 2-(8-guanyl)amino-6 methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole. N-acetoxy-Glu-P-1 efficiently modified DNA without microsomes. PMID- 7255182 TI - A new and facile synthesis of purine 2'-amino-2'-deoxyribosides by a combination of chemical and enzymatic reactions. AB - An enzymatic synthesis of 2'-amino-2'-deoxy-2-chloroinosine and its chemical conversion to purine 2'-amino-2'-deoxyribosides are described. In addition, some of 2'-amino-2'-deoxy-ribosides of 6-substituted purine were also prepared from 2' amino-2'-deoxyinosine. PMID- 7255184 TI - Synthesis of stacked purine bases. PMID- 7255183 TI - Magnetic circular dichroism and circular dichroism of some nucleosides. AB - The magnetic circular dichroism and circular dichroism spectra of cytidine, isocytidine, 2,5'-O-cyclo-2',3'-O-isopropylidine uridine, and 2,2'-O-cyclouridine were measured in the wavenumber region of 30000 -50000 cm-1. On the basis of the experimental results, the tautomerism of cytidine and isocytidine was discussed. The transition energies, the oscillator strengths, and the Faraday parameters were calculated within the framework of the INDO approximation. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. And then the spectral assignment of the pyrimidin nucleosides, together with those of cytosine and isocytosine, were discussed on the basis of the experimental and theoretical results. PMID- 7255185 TI - Synthesis and interactions of poly-L-lysines containing nucleic acid bases. AB - Poly-L-lysine derivatives containing nucleic acid bases were synthesized. Conformation of the obtained polymers was studied by CD and ORD. Formation of the polymer complex was studied and was related to the conformation of the polymers. PMID- 7255186 TI - Structure and stability of complexes between poly-5-bromouridylic acid and 2,9 dimethyladenine or 2-methyladenosine. AB - The complexes formed between poly-5-bromouridylic acid (poly(BU)) and 2,9 dimethyladenine (m2m9A) or 2-methyladenosine (m2Ado) were investigated. The stoichiometry of the m2m9A-poly(BU) complex was found to be 1:1 as determined by equilibrium dialysis measurements. The CD spectra of the complexes showed the formation of helically ordered structure. This is also confirmed by the sharp melting profiles. A comparison of the CD spectra with that of poly(m2A) . poly(BU) complex revealed a close relationship of the helical structures for these three types of complexes. It was observed that the m2m9A was able to form a thermally more stable complex with the poly(BU) than the m2Ado did. PMID- 7255187 TI - Interactions between oligonucleotides having a left-handed helical structure and ethidium bromide. AB - Oligonucleotides containing a 8,2'-S-cycloadenosine(As), 8,2'-S-cycloinosine(Is), 6,2'-O-cyclouridine(Uo) and 6,2'-O-cyclocytidine(Co) residues, which have a glycosidic torsion angle(chi) of about 120 degrees, were synthesized. Among these oligomers, AspUo, AspIs and (pCo)4 + (pIs)4 formed a complex with ethidium bromide, which was assumed to be intercalated between the adjacent base-pairs of the left-handed double helix. PMID- 7255188 TI - Dinucleoside monophosphate having a high anti conformation. II. The crystal structure of 8,2'-S-cycloinosinyl-(3',5')-8,2'-S-cycloadenosine hexahydrate. AB - The crystal and molecular structure of 8,2'-S-cycloinosinyl-(3',5')-8,2'-S cycloadenosine (IspAs) hexahydrate has been determined by X-ray diffraction method. The torsion angles around the sugar-phosphate backbone are unique and different from those found in the crystalline dinucleoside monophosphates so far determined. The rotation around the P-O bond, (omega',omega), is (g+,t). An IspAs molecule is in a folded form. There is no intramolecular base stacking or base pairing but the intermolecular base stacking is dominant. PMID- 7255190 TI - Inhibition of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase by various diadenosine polyphosphates. AB - Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) was found to be strongly inhibited by diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (AP4A) while other mammalian DNA polymerases alpha, beta and gamma were neither inhibited nor activated by AP4A. Such inhibitory effect on TdT was also observed with a variety of diadenosine polyphosphates (APnA), n = 3-6) when TdT activity was assayed by determining incorporation of dCTP. Kinetic analysis revealed that the inhibition of TdT by APnA was due to competition with substrate deoxynucleoside triphosphate(s). PMID- 7255189 TI - Increased formation of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate from 5 fluorouracil in the presence of 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate and 2' deoxyuridine in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - In expectation of the elevated formation of an antineoplastic metabolite from 5 fluorouracil (5FU), we examined the additive effect of 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1 phosphate (dRib1P) and/or 2'-deoxyuridine (dUrd) upon the formation of 5-fluoro 2'-deoxyuridine (5FdUrd) or proximately more antineoplastic 5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (5FdUMP) from 5FU using a crude extract and the whole cells of Ehrlich tumor cells. The amounts of 5FdUrd formed from 5FU by a crude extract were increased in the presence of dRib1P and dUrd, although it was stimulated much more by dRib1P than by dUrd. In the intact cells, the conversion of 5FU to 5FdUMP was also increased by dRib1P, while the presence both of dRib1P and dUrd enhanced the formation of 5FdUrd rather than that of 5FdUMP. These results suggest that the coadministration of 5FU with dRib1P may increase the chemotherapeutic effect of 5FU. PMID- 7255191 TI - Utilization of 5-alkyl UTPs by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I and II purified from cherry salmon (Onchorhynchus masou) liver. AB - DNA dependent RNA polymerase II was purified to approximately 8300 fold from sonicated nuclear extract of cherry salmon (Onchorhynchus masou) liver by the following purification steps: polyethylene glycol treatment, DEAE=Sephadex A-25 column chromatography, heparin-Sepharose column chromatography, and affinity chromatography on DNA-cellulose. Final preparation of this enzyme has a specific activity of 157 nmole UMP incorporation into RNA per mg of protein per 10 min at 25 degrees. RNA polymerase I was also purified to approx. 3800 fold in a similar manner. Its specific activity was calculated as 26.2 nmole/mg/10 min. Utilization of various UTPs of these enzymes was studied by substitution experiments under the condition of limited synthesis. 5-Methyl UTP (rTTP) could be utilized by the RNA polymerase I 1.7 fold more efficiently compared with UTP. In contrast, the RNA polymerase II recognized rTTP as a substrate as efficiently as UTP. Similar experiments using other alkyl UTPs have been performed. PMID- 7255193 TI - An alternative synthesis of deuterated cytokinins. AB - A novel synthesis of penta-deuterated 2-methylthiocytokinins, (+/-) dihydrozeatin, and (+/-)-dihydrozeatin riboside is reported. penta-deuterated 2 methylthiocytokinins,2-methylthio-ribosyl-zeatin(I) and N6-isopentenyl-2 methylthioadenosine(II), were prepared by condensation of amines-d2 and 6-chloro 2-methylthio-9-beta-D-ribo-furanosylpurine-d3 which was derived from AICA riboside. The deuterium contents of I and II were 95.75% and 98.27%, respectively. Racemic 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-l-butylamine-d5, which was prepared newly from gamma-butyrolactone, was condensed with 6-chloropurine and 6-chloro-9 beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine to give racemic dihydrozeatin (III) and dihydrozeatin riboside-d5 (IV). The deuterium contents were 97.82% and 97.23%, respectively. PMID- 7255194 TI - A facile and regiospecific preparation of 6-alkyluridines. AB - 2',3'-O-Isopropylideneuridine, upon lithiation and subsequent alkylation, was transformed to 6-alkyl derivatives in a regiospecific manner. After acidic treatment of the acetonides, 6-alkyluridines (methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, secbutyl, and hexan-3-yl) were obtained. 5'-Deoxy-6-alkyluridines (methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl) were also prepared by the same route from 5'-deoxy-2',3'-O isopropylideneuridine. PMID- 7255192 TI - Introduction of substituents to the 7(8)-position of 7-deazaadenosine (tubercidin): conversion to toyocamycin. AB - Treatment of 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-7-deazaadenosine with C1SCN gave the 7 thiocyanato derivative, which was converted to 7-methylthio and 7-methyl-sulfone derivatives. The thio-Claisen rearrangement and desulfurization of 7-allylthio derivative afforded 7-propyl-7-deazaadenosine. The 7-methylsulfone derivative gave the 8-cyano compound by treatment with NaCN. The action of nitrating agent on triacetyltubercidin gave a mixture of the 7- and 8-nitro derivatives. The Mannich reaction of tubercidin gave the 7-morpholinomethyl derivative which was converted to the methyl, formyl, hydroxymethyl, or cyano derivatives in good yield. The conversion of tubercidin to toyocamycin was thus accomplished. Some physical and biological properties of these substituted tubercidins were presented. PMID- 7255196 TI - Synthesis of naturally occurring uridine-alpha-amino acid derivatives by the application of Ugi reaction. AB - A simultaneous condensation (Ugi reaction) of four components (aldehyde, amine, isocyanide, and carboxylic acid) may be a useful reaction for the construction of N,N'-disubstituted alpha-aminocarboxamide structure. We have found that the reaction involving (2-picolyl 1-oxide) amine (op-amine) gave rise to a product, one of whose nitrogen-substituent could be easily removed to give mono substituted derivative. Thus, the polyoxin skeleton as well as 3-(3-amino-3 carboxypropyl) uridine (a modified nucleoside in certain t-RNAs) were synthesized by the Ugi reaction by the use of the "op"-amine and appropriate aldehyde derived from uridine. Attempted synthesis of these nucleoside derivatives by the condensation involving (2-picolyl 1-oxide) isocyanide as well as the "op"-amine will be also touched on briefly. PMID- 7255198 TI - Sensitive fluorimetry of adenine, its nucleosides and nucleotides. AB - We improved our fluorimetric analysis of adenine compounds by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Bromoacetoaldehyde was better than Chloro- or iodoacetoaldehyde as the reagent of fluorescent derivatization. A moderate reaction for unstable ADP and ATP was found and their fluorescent derivatives were separated by HPLC using Hitachi gel No. 3012-N. The method was applied to determine cAMP in human urines and a catecholamine receptor system. Further, a sensitive fluorescence spectrophotometer was developed. In this micro-HPLC, several ten femtomoles of the adenine compounds were separated. PMID- 7255195 TI - Halogenation of 6-O-cyclouracil nucleosides. AB - Bromination or iodination at the 5-position of 6-O-cyclo-uracil nucleosides was effected in a fairly good yield. Besides monohalogenated nucleosides, there were prepared novel dibromo compounds, which were assigned the structure, 5,5-di-bromo 6,6-di-O-cyclouracil nucleosides (VI, VIII). PMID- 7255197 TI - Use of alpha-secondary isotope effects in nucleophile-promoted reactions of pyrimidine derivatives; evidence for transient 5,6-dihydropyrimidine intermediates. AB - alpha-Secondary isotope effect provides a useful tool for detection of transient 5,6-dihydropyrimidine intermediates which have been indirectly implicated in a number of chemical and enzymic conversions of pyrimidine heterocycles. The method involves the use of kinetic secondary alpha-hydrogen isotope effects which are expected to accompany sp2 to sp3 rehybridization of C-6 of the pyrimidine ring if they occur prior to or at the rate determining step. Thus, using 6-tritiated pyrimidines, and measurement of the isotopic ratio of reactant and products, kT/kH values of 1.15 or greater would be indicative of rehybridization. Using this method, we have studied the inhibition of thymidylate synthetase by 5 fluorodeoxyuridylate and 5-nitro-deoxyuridylate as well as the chemical and enzymic dehalogenation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine and 5-bromodeoxyuridylate. Large secondary isotope effects observed in all of these reactions provided strong evidence for the formation of 5,6-dihydropyrimidine intermediates. PMID- 7255199 TI - Structures of neplanocins, new antitumor antibiotics. PMID- 7255201 TI - Structure of amipurimycin, a new nucleoside antibiotic produced by Streptomyces novoguineensis. AB - Structure elucidation of a new 2-aminopurine nucleoside antibiotic amipurimycin has been carried out. It contains 2-aminopurine, cis-2-aminocyclopentane-1 carboxylic acid and a sugar moiety. A structure will be proposed for the antibiotic. PMID- 7255200 TI - Dibutyltin oxide--phenyl isocyanate system for regioselective phenylcarbamoylation of the hydroxy-groups of ribonucleosides. AB - For partial phenylcarbamoylation of the hydroxy-groups of ribonucleosides, dibutyltin oxide--phenyl isocyanate system was found to be surperior to the bis(tributyltin) oxide--phenyl isocyanate system from the standpoint of reaction procedures including isolation of the products; the reaction was proved to occur with similar regioselectivity and to give the corresponding 5'-, 3'-, and 2'-O phenylcarbamoyl derivatives in good yields, respectively, due to the conditions used. PMID- 7255202 TI - Template-directed synthesis of oligoadenylate. Template effect of oligouridylates and catalytic activity of Pb2+ ion. AB - Template-directed condensation of adenosine-5'-phosphorimidazolide was conducted in the presence of oligouridylate template. Oligouridylates with more than eight chain units can serve as a template and facilitate oligoadenylate formation. Internucleotide linkage of the oligoadenylate obtained by this reaction was mainly 2'-5'. Addition of Pb2+ ion catalyst to this reaction system promoted the formation of long oligoadenylates. The template with Pb2+ ion catalyst preferentially gave 3'-5' linked oligoadenylates. PMID- 7255204 TI - [20th Jubilee session of the Polish Society of Phthisiopneumonology, Gdansk, 22 23, September 1979. Proceedings]. PMID- 7255205 TI - [Incidence of tuberculosis among adolescents aged 15-19 in the Szczecin voievodship 1969-1978]. PMID- 7255207 TI - [Results of treatment of newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis with rifampin combined with isoniazid and ethambutol]. PMID- 7255208 TI - [Occurrence of atypical mycobacteria in patients registered at tuberculosis clinics in Poland in the past 10 years]. PMID- 7255203 TI - A new method for the synthesis of dinucleoside polyphosphates via stannyl-ester intermediates. PMID- 7255206 TI - [Remote results of short-term treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with a combination of isoniazid, rifampin and ethambutol]. PMID- 7255210 TI - [Bronchial reactivity to histamine 5 years after the 1st examination]. PMID- 7255209 TI - [Psychological and social factors in the recurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7255212 TI - [Early results of specific desensitization with Erwinia herbicola allergen in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7255213 TI - [Seasonal variations in the degree of bronchial hypersensitivity in inhaled histamine]. PMID- 7255211 TI - [Comparative studies on the skin and inhalation tests with Erwinia herbicola allergen in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis]. PMID- 7255215 TI - [Preoperative microscopic diagnosis of bronchial cancer based on the examination of various bronchial specimens]. PMID- 7255214 TI - [Probable non-reagin mechanism of house-dust allergy in patients with asthma and hypersensitivity to aspirin]. PMID- 7255216 TI - [Disc electrophoresis of blood proteins in primary bronchial cancer]. PMID- 7255217 TI - [Transthoracic needle biopsy in the diagnosis of primary bronchial cancer]. PMID- 7255218 TI - [Our experiences with the treatment of inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the lung]. PMID- 7255219 TI - [BCG and levamisole in the treatment of advanced forms of lung cancer]. PMID- 7255220 TI - [Results of blood glucose determination in a population of men working in Warsaw's industrial plants]. PMID- 7255221 TI - [In-depth analysis of the economic and health aspects of smoking in a heavily industrialized area]. PMID- 7255222 TI - [Blood immunoglobulin level and acid phosphatase activity in the lymphocytes in different stages of lymphocytic leukemia according to the Rai classification]. PMID- 7255224 TI - [Case of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia without peripheral eosinophilia]. PMID- 7255223 TI - [Effect of probucol on blood lipid level and lecithin acyltransferase activity in type II hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 7255225 TI - [Radiological pattern of the internal carotid artery in cases of intracranial tumours in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255226 TI - [Pseudotumours of the orbit in computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255227 TI - [The value of the so called ankle-arm systolic arterial pressure index for evaluating changes in the arteries of lower extremities (preliminary report) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255229 TI - [Personal observations in cases of narrow vertebral canal (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255228 TI - [Value of simultaneous multilayer radiograms in cervical spine investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255232 TI - [Diagnostic efficiency of pantomography. A radiological-anatomical study. Radiological symptomatology of neoplasms of the facial skeleton (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255230 TI - [Radiological examination of urogenital rhabdomyosarcoma in children--personal observations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255231 TI - [Radiospirometric, scintigraphic and radiological examinations in central bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255234 TI - [Photographic-radiological devices for localization of foreign bodies in the visual system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255235 TI - [A trial of standardization of radiological examination of the temporal bone in otoneurology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255236 TI - [Computer tomography in pituitary tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255233 TI - [The use of contrast medium in the diagnosis of small intestine occlusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255237 TI - [Occlusion of cerebral arteries in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255240 TI - [Diagnostic value of radiological examination of the mandibular canal (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255239 TI - [Urography in acute renal failure in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255238 TI - [Scintigraphic investigations of adrenals in the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255241 TI - [Ultrasonic laminography as a supplementation of dynamic scintigraphy of the liver and bile ducts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255242 TI - [Advances in the diagnosis of pancreatic tumours. Diagnostic efficacy of the presently used examination methods. Optimal tactics of diagnostic management (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255243 TI - [Biliary ileus -- a clinico radiological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255244 TI - [Computer tomography in the diagnosis of aortic aneurysms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255245 TI - [The importance of angiography in the diagnosis of facial skeleton neoplasms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255246 TI - [Skeletal changes in primary hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255247 TI - [Stomatological radiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255249 TI - [Blood groups in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7255248 TI - [Features of digitalization in the ECG image and the blood digoxin level]. PMID- 7255251 TI - [Indices of iron metabolism in children with anemia]. PMID- 7255252 TI - [Laryngeal nerve injury after thyroidectomy and its treatment]. PMID- 7255250 TI - [Effect of a single dose of nifedipine on the cardiovascular system of coronary patients]. PMID- 7255253 TI - [Rudzki's diet in the treatment of aspirin hypersensitivity]. PMID- 7255256 TI - [The physician's personality studied with the Emotional Control Questionnaire]. PMID- 7255255 TI - [Case of so-called spontaneous kidney rupture in the course of idiopathic thrombopenia complicated by viral hepatitis and steroid-induced diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7255259 TI - [Blood and skin histamine and serotonin levels in rats following second degree burns]. PMID- 7255257 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in the serum of patients with ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7255254 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of hiatal hernia with atypical clinical course]. PMID- 7255261 TI - [Lyell's syndrome with acute renal failure in an 11-year-old boy]. PMID- 7255258 TI - [Thyroid antibodies in subjects with different histological changes in the thyroid gland]. PMID- 7255260 TI - [Combined chemotherapy of advanced cases of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7255262 TI - [Coronary collateral circulation]. PMID- 7255264 TI - 25 years of the Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Krakow (1954-1979). PMID- 7255265 TI - The hyperthermic phase of histamine action in rats. AB - Intracerebroventricular injections of histamine in rats at ambient temperature of 32 degrees C induced a hyperthermic response, but depressed the body temperature at low and room temperatures. Agonists of H1 receptors caused hyperthermia at all ambient temperatures studied (9, 22 and 32 degrees C). The action of histamine and of H1 receptor agonists was inhibited by mepyramine and abolished by sodium salicylate. The involvement of both H1 receptors and prostaglandins in hyperthermia is suggested. PMID- 7255263 TI - [Sweetening agents--sugar substitutes -- in the prevention of dental caries]. PMID- 7255266 TI - Central action of mepiprazole. AB - Mepiprazole, a phenylpiperazine derivative, strongly antagonizes the behavioral syndromes evolved by 5-hydroxytrypotophan. The drug did not affect the serotonin neurons in the preparation of flexor reflex of the hind paw of the spinal rat: in higher doses it depressed the reflex showing noradrenolytic properties. Mepiprazole antagonized the fenfluramine-induced hyperthermia, depressed spontaneous locomotor activity, produce hypothermia and was inactive in the despair test. The results suggest that mepiprazol may have noradenolytic properties; its possible influence on the serotonergic system is masked by noradrenolytic properties and hence difficult to demonstrate. PMID- 7255267 TI - Central serotoninmimetic action of phenylpiperazines. AB - Studies of 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-piperazine (m-CPP), 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-piperazine (p-CPP) and 1-phenylpiperazine (PP) were carried out on rats, mice and rabbits in order to assess their stimulatory effect on the central serotonin system. It was found out that m-CPP and p-CPP evoked a characteristic syndrome in the mouse behavior. All the phenylpiperazine derivatives stimulated the flexor reflex in the spinal rat and evoked hyperthermia in rats at a high ambient temperature (28 degrees C) and in rabbits. The above effects were abolished by cyproheptadine, a drug blocking the serotonin receptors. The obtained results indicate that the phenylpiperazine derivatives studied have a central serotoninmimetic action. PMID- 7255268 TI - The effects of antidepressant drugs on the seizures kindled from the rabbit amygdala. AB - The effects of tricyclic antidepressants; imipramine and doxepin, and of new antidepressants; mianserin, danitracen, trazodone, viloxazine and zimelidine, on seizures kindled from the rabbit amygdala were examined. Behavioral and bioelectrical seizures were kindled by a repeated daily stimulation of unilateral amygdala with a low intensity electric current (120 microamperemeter, 1 msec, 50Hz). The following parameters of kindled seizures were analyzed: 1-intensity of behavioral seizures according to a 6-point scale, 2-duration of behavioral seizures, 3-duration of bioelectrical (EEG) seizure activity. Only imipramine inhibited all parameters of kindled seizures. Doxepin, mianserin, danitracen and trazodone affected only two parameters. Zimelidine did not induce any changes of kindled seizure, and viloxazine prolonged duration of the bioelectrical seizure activity. It is likely that inhibition of seizures kindled from the rabbit amygdala is due to noradrenaline stimulating or serotonin inhibiting properties of the drugs, but independent of the antidepressive activity. PMID- 7255269 TI - The effect of imipramine and mianserin on the behavior and EEG afterdischarges induced by single electric stimulation of the rabbit amygdala. AB - The effect of imipramine (10mg/kg) and mianserin (5 or 10mg/kg) on EEG epileptiform discharges, induced by a single amygdala stimulation in rabbits was studied. Imipramine reduced the duration of EEG afterdischarges, while mianserin prolonged it in leads from both amygdala complexes and from the motor cortex. PMID- 7255270 TI - Preliminary study of the biotransformation of two new drugs, trazodone and etoperidone. AB - M-Chlorophenylpiperazine (CPP) is formed in the course of biotransformation of trazodone and etoperidone. The biotransformation of the latter compound is more rapid. An enzymatic inhibitor, proadifen (SKF 525A), inhibited the formation of CPP, while an enzymatic inductor, phenobarbital, did not affect it. The elimination rate of CPP was much lower than that of trazodone; its t0.5 was approx. 50-60 min. The pharmacokinetic data may explain well the pharmacological properties of trazodone and etoperidone. PMID- 7255272 TI - The influence of a protein-methionine low diet on behavior of the rat offspring. AB - Spontaneous locomotor activity, exploratory behavior, pain reactivity and swimming ability were tested in 18-, 24-, 36-, and 60 days old pups from mothers which had been nourished on a protein-methionine low diet (PMLD) (7,8% protein, 0.1% of a daily requirement of methionine) for two months before conception throughout gestation and weaning; afterwards the young were fed on this diet until the age of 60 days and were compared with the offspring of rats, whose mothers and they themselves were nourished throughout hat period on a standard diet (STD). The motility of 24 and 36 days old pups receiving the PMLD was significantly higher and than of 60 days old lower than in controls. Analogous results were obtained in ambulation in the open field test. There were no differences in peeping and rearing in comparison with controls throughout the experiment, and only after 60 days both behavioral responses were significantly decreased. From the 24th day of life the PMLD rats revealed a statistically significant decrease in grooming and defecation frequency. There were no differences in swimming. The reactivity to a pain stimuli (hot-plate test) was higher than in controls on the 24th day of life. Generally, after an increase in activity on the first days of postnatal life a decrease in exploratory and emotional activity was observed after the 60th day of life. PMID- 7255271 TI - Inhibition of histochemical reaction to SH groups by pharmacological agents as a preliminary test for the teratogenic activity. AB - Studies carried out with 34 chemicals (drugs or food additives) previously screened for the teratogenic activity revealed that the compounds which had shown teratogenic properties blocked or markedly depressed the intensity of an in vitro histochemical reaction for SH groups in fixed liver sections in Wistar rats. Most of the drugs devoid of the teratogenic activity did not affect the reaction of SH groups; only three of the compounds which did not show unequivocal teratogenic properties (but, nevertheless, produced few congenital malformations) inhibited the reaction. The results suggest that the ability of teratogenic chemicals to inhibit the histochemical reaction to SH groups in vitro may be employed in a preliminary in vitro test to screen drugs for teratogenicity. PMID- 7255273 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological properties of N-aroyl-beta-(1-indanyl)-ethylamines. AB - Six new N-acyl derivatives of beta-(1-indanyl)ethylamine were obtained. The most active of them, N-(m-chlorobenzoyl/-beta-1-indanyl)-ethylamine (compound 2), decreased the 5-HTP-induced head twitches in mice and the tryptamine-induced syndrome in rats, attenuated the quipazine-induced stimulation of the hindlimb flexor reflex in spinal rats, and reduced the immobility time in mice in the behavioral despair test. All these effects might be indicative of the antidepressive properties of compound 2. PMID- 7255274 TI - Culture of nervous tissue from rats of various age for some pharmacological studies. AB - Explants of nervous tissue from locus coeruleus of rats 30-40 days old grow in the tissue culture similarly well as the explants from embryos or newborn rats under the same culture conditions. This material may be employed particularly for investigation of the action of drugs on central monaoaminergic process, as after the 30th day of the postnatal life essential monoaminergic mechanisms in the brain are already fully developed, and endogenous noradrenaline is present in the neural cells. PMID- 7255279 TI - Column chromatography of tetracyclines and their degradation products. AB - The improved column chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of tetracycline, oxytetracycline N-pyrrolidinemethyltetracycline, methacycline, doxycycline and their degradation products (anhydro and epi forms) in pharmaceutical preparations. The analyses of 13 commercial preparations showed them to contain certain amounts of degradation products. The most contaminated were preparations containing tetracycline and N-pyrrolidinemethyltetracycline. They contain all of degradation products (anhydro and epi forms). Preparations containing oxytetracycline showed the presence of anhydrooxytetracyline but did not contain the epimer. Preparations containing semisynthetic antibiotics, methacycline and doxycycline, showed only the presence of epimers. PMID- 7255275 TI - [Biochemical bases of pharmacokinetics]. PMID- 7255278 TI - Cancerostatics. IV. On the synthesis of some noval 1-Azacarbazole derivatives as antineoplastic agents. AB - By condensation of 2-chloro-3-nitropyridine with some anilines the corresponding 2-anilino-3-nitropyridines 1a--11 were obtained. Hydrogenation of these compounds and subsequent diazotization of the 2-anilino-3-aminopyridine derivatives 2a--2l gave triazoles 3a--3l which thermally decomposed in PPA or in liquid paraffine afforded the required 6- and 8-substituted 1-azacarbazole derivatives 4a--3, i- l. Some of these compounds showed significant activity against transplanted mouse sarcoma 180. None of them were active against L 1210 and P 388 leukemias. PMID- 7255277 TI - Search for CNS active agents: synthesis of N,N'-bis-[potassium-alkyl/aryl carboxylate]-5-arylidene barbituric acids. AB - 5-Arylidene barbituric acids (1--5, Fig. 1) were obtained by the Perkin's condensation between the corresponding aryl aldehyde and active methylene group of barbituric acid. By the condensation of these 5-arylidene barbituric acids with different alkyl/aryl-chloroacids, fifteen new N,N'bis[potassium-alkyl/aryl carboxylate]-5-arylidene barbituric acids (6--8 Fig. 1) were prepared. Eight of the fifteen final compounds were screened for their pharmacological actions on CNS. They have shown irregular behavioral changes on the CNS; some of them were the CNS stimulants, whereas others were CNS depressants at 1/5 of ALD50 dose level (316--1000 g/kg). PMID- 7255284 TI - Phenylalanine deficiency in the food of rat. Part II. Decrease in fertility by phenylalanine deficiency in pregnancy. AB - Female rats fed on a phenylalanine-low diet (PheLD) before mating and 21 days afterwards did not become pregnant. Feeding with PheLD after mating, for shorter periods, diminished fertility and caused malformations in fetuses. Continuation of PheLD in feeding mothers for 3 weeks post partum caused the death of all newborns, while if mothers fed with PheLD during pregnancy were switched to standard diet post partum, their offspring did not show signs of phenylalanine deprivation. PMID- 7255280 TI - Ouabain-sensitive sodium and potassium fluxes in red blood cells of patients with endogenous depressive syndromes. AB - Ouabain-sensitive cation fluxes in red blood cells were measured in 23 patients with endogenous depressive syndromes during acute phase of the illness and during remission period as well as in 17 healthy subjects. The intensities of both sodium and potassium net fluxes during depressive phase were significantly lower than during remission both in patients with depression in the course of manic depressive psychosis and in patients with unipolar depression. They were also lower than the intensities of fluxes found in control subjects. The values of female patients in remission did not differ from those of control females, while male patients had higher values in remission than control males. It is hypothesized that impaired activity of cation transport may be related to somatic and psychopathologic symptoms of depression and its stimulation may play a role in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. PMID- 7255283 TI - Phenylalanine deficiency in food of rats. Part I. Phenylalanine-low diet for rats. PMID- 7255281 TI - Acute toxicity of methotrexate and cyclophosphamide in mice inoculated with malignant neoplasms. AB - The toxicity of methotrexate and cyclophosphamide determined by LD50 was depressed in the early period of development of sarcoma Sa-180. In the late period of development of Sa-180 and in mice with leukemia L-1210 the toxicity was higher than in healthy mice. The growth of transplantable neoplasms leads to cachexia, hypoproteinemia and dysproteinemia. PMID- 7255285 TI - Pharmacological and metabolic studies on amino acid benzocaine derivatives. AB - Amino acid derivatives of benzocaine have shown local anesthetic properties similar to procaine in infiltration and block anesthesia tests, but were ineffective after topic application. Metabolic studies revealed the possibility of rapid hydrolysis of the derivatives to benzocaine by tissues and plasma hydrolyzing enzymes. Therefore they should be considered as prodrugs. PMID- 7255282 TI - Karyometric studies on brains of the golden hamster fetuses from mothers kept under low methionine supply. AB - We investigated the size of cell nuclei in brains of the golden hamster fetuses from mothers kept on protein-methionine-low diet (PMLD) from two months before conception through pregnancy. The frequency of volume class ranges of nervous cell nuclei in the cortex and caudate nucleus of 16 days old fetuses from PMLD mothers significantly differed from that in fetuses from mothers fed with standard diet. The differences in distribution of the frequency of occurrence of cell nuclei volumes indicated an inhibition of the mitotic activity in the PMLD fetuses. PMID- 7255286 TI - [Thromboresistant properties of hydrophilic gels]. AB - Hydrophilic gels were made using methyl methacrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidon. Simple designs of hydrophilic gels (films, tubes) for the in vitro studying of thromboresistant properties were manufactured. On the base of measurements of blood clotting time, concentration of prothrombin complex factors fibrinogen, heparin, thromboelastography, and thrombocyte adhesion onto hydrogel surface in blood contact; it was demonstrated that a hydrophilic gel consisting of 86 mol% of methyl methacrylate, 14 mol% of N-vinylpyrrolidon and 0.652 mol% of hydrolysed N-vinylpyrrolidon has optimum thromboresistant properties. Thromboresistant was studied in the dogs during 44 operations, in which both the aorta and peripheral vessels replaced by polypropylene prostheses or by Lavsan, modified by the addition of hydrophilic gels, were applied. It was shown that hydrophilic gels decrease thrombogenesis and promote rapid endothelialization and periprosthetic tissue vascularization. PMID- 7255287 TI - [Effect of various biological fluids on the electrostatic properties of electrets made of knitted fascia Dallop prostheses]. AB - Improvement of the forming process of thermoelectrets made of knitted polyester muscles fascia prostheses "Dallop" and influence of biological liquids (plasma and Ringer liquid) on their electrostatic properties are presented in this work. PMID- 7255288 TI - [Use of tissue adhesives and collagen dressings in wedge-like and transverse kidney resection in rabbits]. AB - In cuneiform and transversal inferior renal pole resection in 64 rabbits either surgical spray adhesive "Chirurcoll-Polfa" or adhesive-collagenous dressing was applied to the parenchyma. Morphological examinations were performed 14 days and 1, 3 and 6 months after the operation. The adhesive-collagenous dressing was found to be the best method of wound dressing to cover the surface after transversal renal pole resection. The technique of adhesive-collagenous dressing was more useful compared to the use of adhesive alone. The adhesive-collagenous bandage assures better wound tightness with smaller adhesive amount than in exclusive adhesive application and causes less adhesions which almost always develops after the spray adhesive application. PMID- 7255276 TI - Synthesis and biological properties of pyrazo-[3,4-B]-pyridine derivatives. II. AB - By aminoalkylation with diethylaminoethyl chloride of 3-hydroxypyrazo-[3,4-b] pyridine 1 and its phenyl derivative 2 as well as 3-aminopyrazo-[3,4-b]-pyridine 7 and its phenyl derivative 8, basic ethers 5, 6 and aminoalkanoloamines 9 and 10 have been obtained. Compounds 5, 6 and 10 increased coronary blood flow of the isolated cat heart. At the concentration of 5 +/- 2 mg/ml shoved spasmolytic activity. PMID- 7255289 TI - [Use of tissue adhesives in the reconstruction of the frontal sinus]. AB - Fractures of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus, complicated by impression of bone fragments, can cause serious functional and cosmetic disturbances. Surgeons often remove those fragments and obliterate the sinus. But disfigurement from the operation will be worse than that caused by original lesion and can only be corrected by further plastic surgery. Some surgeons use the technique of joining bone fragments by metal or thread sutures but it is only possible when the fragment are not too small. We present four patients treated over a period of 1975-1979 with the reconstruction of the frontal sinus from its fragments using cyanoacrylic tissue adhesive (Chirurcoll-Polfa). One patient was operated immediately after an accident, two patients one month after a trauma and another after six months. The adhesive tissue was applied in single drops directly on the edges of dry surface of bone fragments. The fragments can be joined only in some points because the tissue adhesive can not make an isolation layer between them. The tissue adhesive speeds up the processes of ossification. We observed no interference with wound healing, no detrimental effect of this method in the postoperative course and no pathologic local and general reactions. The adhesive tissue makes manipulation in the operative field easier. The functional and esthetic results were satisfactory and further corrective surgery was not necessary. PMID- 7255290 TI - [Use of Epidian 51 in anatomical technology]. AB - The examinations were performed on the application of the Polish epoxide resin Epidian 51 for anatomical technics. Most favourable hardener and pigment composition was worked out. Epidian 51 was used as injection mass for corrosive preparations, and also to prepare bone casts or to immerse dry preparations. PMID- 7255291 TI - [Degradation of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in different media]. AB - Aqueous solutions of CMCNa change the rheological properties in the presence of electrolytes. It was stated that the greater the ionic strength, the weaker the dynamic viscosity. The tixotropy of CMCNa solutions decreases with time and those changes are proportional to the ionic strength of the electrolyte. No significant changes of the IR spectra of CMCNa were observed, which means that changes of the rheological properties do not influence the chemical structure of CMCNa. PMID- 7255293 TI - Health can be a bargain. PMID- 7255294 TI - Allergy/immunology: a four-article symposium. PMID- 7255292 TI - Noise and hearing loss. AB - Audiology is an essential aid to diagnosis of hearing loss, including loss due to exposure to excessive noise. Patients who complain of hearing difficulty should be examined and their hearing tested to determine hearing acuity, speech reception threshold, and speech discrimination as well as whether amplification is warranted. PMID- 7255295 TI - Current status of total knee arthroplasty. AB - Even though it has passed beyond the experimental stage, total knee arthroplasty is still in its infancy. The procedure is not refined sufficiently to be used for all patients with destructive disease of the knee. In patients in whom knee reconstruction is indicated, the choice of prosthesis must be individualized according to the patient's goals and activity level. The perfect prosthesis is not yet available, but research into biomechanics, materials, and fixation may resolve some of the current limitations. PMID- 7255296 TI - ECG effects of aerobic dance: a study of five exercise-conditioned young women. AB - Monitoring of the heart rate of five healthy well-conditioned women during an aerobic dance routine showed that maximum rates were within acceptable limits for exercise tachycardia except in one subject, who had paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia that subsequently converted to sinus tachycardia. Thus, although aerobic dance seems a benign form of exercise, it can be intense enough to trigger dysrhythmias. Before recommending or approving it for any patient, the physician should take into consideration the person's age, health, and physical fitness level. PMID- 7255297 TI - Outpatient treatment of hemorrhoids: using a new and simple ligator. PMID- 7255298 TI - Of steeplejacks and bureaucrats. PMID- 7255299 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: current concepts. AB - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a progressive disease characterized by selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons, equals or exceeds multiple sclerosis in incidence. The clinical and pathologic features are discussed, as well as practical management strategies. Also included is an examination of the extensive investigations under way to determine the syndrome's elusive etiology. PMID- 7255302 TI - Bites and stings of uncommon arthropods. 1. Spiders. AB - In addition to the Hymenoptera, less common arthropods, such as spiders and reduviids, can inflict injuries of medical importance. Identification of the source of the bite or sting may be difficult but is essential to proper treatment. Part 1 of this article describes recognition and treatment of the bites of various spiders; part 2, beginning on page 107, considers bites and stings of other arthropods. PMID- 7255301 TI - CT scan diagnosis of hemophilic pseudotumor. PMID- 7255303 TI - [Thorascopy under local anesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - Thoracoscopy has proved to be a method of investigation which can give important diagnostic information in diseases of the pleura, the diaphragm, the mediastinum, the thoracic wall and in some peripheral pulmonary lesions. Th procedure can be accomplished safely under local anesthesia which has important advantages in the better recognition of certain abnormalities and avoids a general anesthesia in many patients in a poor cardiopulmonary conditions. PMID- 7255300 TI - Primary health care in the People's Republic of China. AB - In scarcely more than 30 years, the People's Republic of China has progressed from limited health care available only to a privileged few to a countrywide system providing basic services to one fifth of the world's population. The author gives his impressions of the current situation, based on a recent visit. PMID- 7255305 TI - [Symposium on thoracoscopy in pleuro-pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 7255304 TI - [The role of needle-biopsy and cyto-diagnosis in the diagnosis of malignant pleurisy (author's transl)]. AB - The reliability of cyto-diagnosis and needle-biopsy in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions is examined on the basis of a personal series of 237 malignant pleurisies and a review of the literature. The results of the two methods, taken separately and together (respectively 42%, 46% and 56% in this study), are below the average figures obtained by compiling 18 large series in the literature (50, 60 and 70%). The reasons for this divergence in the statistics are studied, as well as the uneven reliability of cyto-histology, depending on the site of the original cancer. The authors recalled the simplicity, the reliability and, at the present time, the unrivalled usefulness of these routine methods of cyto histology in the study of pleural carcinoma. Nevertheless, the authors also point out these routine methods and the equivocal significance of the negative result. The false security of these negative results, in the context of radical surgery for cancer, is stressed as the use in such cases of other more direct methods of exploring the pleura. PMID- 7255306 TI - [Pleuroscopy. Historical note]. PMID- 7255308 TI - [A comparison of the result of aspiration, needle-biopsy, pleuroscopy and thoracotomy in the diagnosis of chronic pleurisy (author's transl)]. AB - A series of 60 diagnostic pleuroscopies was carried out in cases of isolated chronic pleurisy, or pleurisy accompanied with pleural and parenchymatous lesions. The following diagnoses were obtained : 23 non-specific chronic inflammations, 1 purulent pleurisy, 1 rheumatoid pleurisy, 25 neoplasms and 10 tuberculosis. In all cases, pleural aspiration, with bacteriology and cytotology of the fluid, as well as pleural needle-biopsy with the Abrams needle, were carried out before, with negative results in 53 cases and doubtful results in 7 cases. Later, 14 thoracotomies were carried out, either for diagnosis or for treatment (pleuro-pulmonary decortication). The diagnosis obtained by pleuroscopy was confirmed in 10 cases (5 chronic inflammations, 1 purulent pleurisy, 1 mesothelioma, 3 tuberculosis), but not confirmed in 4 cases : simple chronic inflammations related in reality to 3 neoplasms and a diagnosis of tuberculosis also due to a neoplasm. Overall, pleuroscopy allowed the diagnosis of 55 chronic pleurisies out of 60 (92%), confirmed by the progress of the disease, or later thoracotomy (10 cases). The reliability of this procedure is certain when the histology of the neoplasm or the specific condition is obtained (37 cases), but the diagnosis of chronic non-specific inflammation remains a provisional diagnosis. Exploratory thoracotomy retained its indication in this case and allowed the diagnosis to be corrected in 4 cases out of 14. PMID- 7255309 TI - [Thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of pleural diseases]. AB - Direct diagnostic thoracoscopy under local anesthesia has been done in 122 patients. Compared with blind pleural biopsy and cytology, thoracoscopy proved to be of superior value in malignant pleurisy. Thoracoscopy improved also the possibility of a rapid and correct diagnosis in the tuberculous cases. PMID- 7255307 TI - [Multiple pleural biopsies : a simplified technique (author's transl)]. AB - Parietal pleural biopsy, together with a bacteriological and chemical analysis of the pleural fluid, is often the most useful diagnostic technique in pleurisy. This is a simple technique, with moderate aspiration across a transparent filter trap, as used in blood transfusions. The procedure is done under direct vision and has the following advantages : it improves the specificity of the pleural material aspirated. It is without danger, can be repeated a number of times and thus increases the diagnostic value of the test. It avoids pleural superinfection and instrumental pneumothorax. It improves safety for the patient and comfort for the operator. It improves on the usual method for needle-biopsy with or without a syringe. PMID- 7255312 TI - [The results of tuberculin testing of children and adolescents in Schleswig Holstein (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255313 TI - [Follow-up tests of lung function 10-15 years after partial pneumonectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255314 TI - [Efficacy of "therapeutic positions" in the treatment of bronchial asthma in childhood and its objectification (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255311 TI - [Our experience with thoracoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - The last two years, we carried out 25 thoracoscopies in 26 patients. The examination was not possible in 2 cases, because of severe adhesions, in one case neoplastic and in the other, fibrous. One patient had a bilateral exploration on two separate occasions. All these examinations were carried out under general anesthesia with differential intubation or, on occasion, tracheal intubation. The first 15 cases were carried out using the rigid bronchoscope with a cold light; the subsequent examinations were carried out using the Storz thoracoscope. From a diagnostic point of view, our patients broke down in the following manner: metastatic pleurisies - 6, -pleural effusion in reaction to bronchial carcinoma 2, -post-radiotherapic pleural effusion - 1, -benign asbestos pleurisy -5, cirrhotic pleural effusion - 1, -inflammatory pleurisy - 9. We carried out talcum adhesion of the pleura in only 4 cases : 2 cases of neoplastic pleurisy, 1 post radiotherapy pleurisy, and 1 inflammatory pleurisy. There were 2 infectious complications in this series : one in a patient with diabetes, leading, indirectly, to death. The second was cured by pleuro-pulmonary decortication. PMID- 7255315 TI - [Autogenic training in the child therapy group. Demonstration of a concept]. PMID- 7255310 TI - [Results of thoracoscopies in the diagnosis of diseases of the lungs and of the pleura (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnostic results of 125 thoracoscopies in patients aged 17-85 years are analysed retrospectively. The condition for relevant diagnosis by thoracoscopy is an intrapleural space permitting the installation of a pneumothorax of sufficient size for tissue-biopsy under direct vision. The results are largely dependent upon the choice of suitable cases. Macroscopic appearance and histological examination made it possible in 100 of 125 cases to make a definite diagnosis or to exclude it. Thoracoscopy is a suitable diagnostic method especially for the following indications : pleural disorder of uncertain origin (metastatic, tuberculous or of other origin); primary pleural disease (mesothelioma); disseminated pulmonary processes (silicosis, sarcoidosis, miliary tuberculosis, interstitial fibrosis of the lung); peripheral lung disease and spontaneous pneumothorax are other indications. Some representative cases are reported. Biopsy by thoracoscopy is certainly superior to blind pleural biopsy, and is not unpleasant for the patient. The method is even suitable for smaller hospitals, if the technique is careful and indications are well chosen. PMID- 7255316 TI - [Reciprocal action model in therapeutic decision-making from diagnostic information]. PMID- 7255319 TI - [Results of the Preschool Embedded Figures Test of 5-year-old German kindergarten students]. PMID- 7255318 TI - [Prosocial behavior in children: "concept of helping," personality context and dimensions of parental child-rearing style]. PMID- 7255317 TI - [Personality-psychological analysis of the "concept of own helping"]. PMID- 7255320 TI - [Frequent intoxications and their treatment]. PMID- 7255321 TI - [Non-stone renal colic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255322 TI - [Preventive care of schoolchildren in the german speaking area of the Canton of Berne, Switzerland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255323 TI - [Physical activity and coronary artery disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255324 TI - [Angina pectoris and myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255325 TI - [When should a general practitioner order a bronchoscopy? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255326 TI - [Dermatologic entomology. The practical medical importance of mites and insects in Switzerland and its surrounding regions. 14. Formicidae/ants]. PMID- 7255327 TI - [Smoking habits in two rural communities in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255328 TI - [The medical treatment of the alcoholic--it's value and importance, shown with Atrium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255329 TI - [Anemias in young women. The internist's viewpoint]. PMID- 7255331 TI - [A case from medical practice (4) syncope]. PMID- 7255330 TI - [Iron substitution in blood donors. Two different iron preparations from the galenic viewpoint]. PMID- 7255332 TI - [The treatment with minocyciline (Minocin) in daily pediatric practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255334 TI - [Microsurgery in female infertility treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255333 TI - [Evaluation and treatment of endocrine female infertility (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255337 TI - [Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedure in male infertility (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255336 TI - [The simple method of semen analysis in men (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255335 TI - [Immunity of semen as a cause of infertility in the male and female (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255338 TI - [Effects of extragonadal endocrine disorders on gonadal function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255339 TI - [Medical treatment of hyperprolactinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255340 TI - [Medical, genetic and psychological aspects of artificial insemination by donors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255341 TI - [How much surgical teaching for non-surgeons? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255342 TI - [Open heart surgery in infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255343 TI - [Morphologic diagnosis of breast tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255344 TI - [Results of tracheal resection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255345 TI - [Proctotherm, a new principle for the treatment of haemorrhoids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255346 TI - [Tumors of the anus and lower rectum-a short review (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255347 TI - [Intraocular tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255348 TI - [The psychotherapeutic significance of art therapy in the treatment of adult cancer patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255349 TI - [Food habits of adolescents--implications for prevention (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255350 TI - [A study on the consumption of nonprescriptive drugs by adolescents in basle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255351 TI - [Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255352 TI - [Transfers in ambulatory medicine--results from a survey of ambulatory medical care in Switzerland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255353 TI - [Legionnaires' disease. Report of 2 autopsies]. PMID- 7255354 TI - [Breast cancer. Early phase, progression and related problems]. PMID- 7255355 TI - [Relationship of clinical and histological data and needle biopsy cytology in juvenile breast tumors and mastopathies]. PMID- 7255356 TI - Improved rapid methodology for the isolation of nucleic acids from agarose gels. AB - Improved methodology is presented with which DNA may be rapidly isolated from agarose gels. Hydroxyapatite is used to bind the nucleic acid after agarose solubilization and a sodium citrate buffer is used to elute the nucleic acid free of agarose. Rapid concentration of the sample may then be effected by ethanol precipitation. Purified oyster glycogen may be used as carrier in this regard and does not inhibit restriction endonucleases nor T4 DNA ligase in the concentrations used. This methodology is useful for the isolation of single-and double-stranded DNA, supercoil plasmid DNA, and mRNA. PMID- 7255357 TI - A convenient resolution of (+/-)-homoserine to afford carbobenzoxy-D-homoserine and D-homoserine. PMID- 7255358 TI - Electro-extraction of viruses from infected plant tissue. AB - An apparatus is described which was used for rapid extraction of viruses from frozen and thawed infected plant tissues. The novel principle is the establishment of a potential gradient of 15 to 20 volts/cm at approximately 90 degrees across the leaves of the infected plant while the leaves are surrounded by buffer of low molarity and of the appropriate hydrogen ion concentration. To keep the leaves in the correct orientation they were placed as single layers between coarse rigid plastic gauze. The method, termed electro-extraction, was used as the initial step in the purification of turnip yellow mosaic, tobacco mosaic and maize streak viruses. An electron micrograph of the purified maize streak virus is presented. PMID- 7255359 TI - [Pathogenesis of disorders of the microcirculation and of the blood rheological properties in experimental hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 7255360 TI - [Rheological efficacy of preserved blood in an in vitro transfusion model]. PMID- 7255361 TI - [Rheological characteristics of preserved blood and of an erythrocyte mass]. PMID- 7255362 TI - [Bases of transfusion and infusion therapy in burn shock]. PMID- 7255363 TI - [Our experience of sorption lymph and plasma reinfusion in severely burned patients]. PMID- 7255364 TI - [Experimental study of the immunodepressive properties of choriogonin]. PMID- 7255365 TI - [Thromboplastic and fibrinolytic properties of the arterial wall]. PMID- 7255366 TI - [Effect of ultralow temperatures on the survivability and biological properties of microorganisms that contaminate transfusion media]. PMID- 7255367 TI - [Pathogenetic treatment of burns]. PMID- 7255369 TI - [Work experience in organizing the treatment of newly detected destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7255370 TI - [Experience teaching clinical pulmonology in a department of phthisiology]. PMID- 7255368 TI - [Device and method for the gas (oxygen) saturation of transfusion media under pressure]. PMID- 7255371 TI - [Surgical intervention results in pulmonary tuberculosis with timely and late performance of the operation]. PMID- 7255372 TI - [Surgical procedure in treating destructive pulmonary tuberculosis patients who abuse alcohol]. PMID- 7255375 TI - [Bronchoscopy in the differential diagnosis of chronic bronchitis and chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 7255374 TI - [Treatment results in fibrous, cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis in a hospital with a special regimen]. PMID- 7255373 TI - [Chemotherapy effectiveness in chronic and hyperchronic forms of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7255376 TI - [Ultrastructural and metabolic changes in the lungs in experimental tuberculosis]. PMID- 7255377 TI - [Interrelation of morphological immune reactions and the nature of the tuberculous process in the lungs]. PMID- 7255379 TI - [Results of a discussion on determining the timely and late detection of a case of tuberculosis]. PMID- 7255381 TI - [Outcome in pulmonary tuberculosis in patients refusing surgical treatment]. PMID- 7255378 TI - [Effectiveness of tuberculin and chemotherapy in destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7255380 TI - [Case of generalized tuberculosis with a predominant lesion of the liver]. PMID- 7255383 TI - [Combined therapy of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis using a permanent magnetic field]. PMID- 7255382 TI - [Reasons for the late diagnosis of lung cancer in tuberculosis prevention institutions]. PMID- 7255384 TI - [Centralized control in the system of measures for improving preventive tuberculosis care for the population]. PMID- 7255385 TI - [Blood coagulation state in destructive pulmonary tuberculosis patients under different methods of chemotherapy]. PMID- 7255386 TI - [Determination of the circulating immune complexes precipitated by polyethylene glycol in inflammatory lung diseases]. PMID- 7255388 TI - [Primary acute aspergillosis of the lungs]. PMID- 7255387 TI - [Diagnosis of posttubercular pneumosclerosis and lung developmental defects]. PMID- 7255389 TI - [Importance of a retrospective fluorogram study in the diagnosis of benign intrathoracic tumors and cysts]. PMID- 7255390 TI - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation in osteoarticular tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 7255391 TI - [Clinical and laboratory symptoms of renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 7255392 TI - [Cytopathologic study of the thymus in experimental tuberculosis based on morphometric and cellular composition data]. PMID- 7255393 TI - [Effect of a magnetic field on the course of an experimental tubercular infection]. PMID- 7255395 TI - [Acute kidney failure as a complication the rifadin treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7255396 TI - Space age pollution. PMID- 7255397 TI - Do we need to tolerate a runaway crime rate? Combating the illicit drug problem. PMID- 7255394 TI - [New immunological diagnostic methods in tuberculosis]. PMID- 7255399 TI - [Health history and use of drugs in university students sent for oral surgical care]. PMID- 7255398 TI - Histologic evaluation of periapical areas of endodontically treated teeth with unsuccessful healing. PMID- 7255400 TI - [Dental literature from the view-point of scientific work]. PMID- 7255403 TI - Experimental retardation of early endochondral ossification in the phalangeal epiphyses of rat. PMID- 7255404 TI - Condylectomy and mandibular growth in young rats. A quantitative study. PMID- 7255402 TI - The allometric center. The biological basis of an analytical model of craniofacial growth. PMID- 7255401 TI - Orientation of profile radiographs and photos intended for publication of case reports. PMID- 7255406 TI - Use of organ culture techniques in craniofacial developmental biology. PMID- 7255405 TI - Progress of mandibular condyle lesions in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7255407 TI - Remodeling patterns in the facial and cranial skeleton of the human cleft palate fetus. PMID- 7255408 TI - Mitotic activity in the craniofacial cartilages. III. A comparison of the metaphase arresting efficiency of different colchicine dosages in the cranial base cartilages of 40-day-old rats. PMID- 7255410 TI - Macroglossia and partial resection of the tongue out of orthodontic indication. PMID- 7255409 TI - Structured (patterned) dimensional and developmental dental asymmetry. PMID- 7255411 TI - The cranial base in craniofacial dysostosis (Crouzon's disease). A case report. PMID- 7255412 TI - Migration of craniofacial periosteum in rabbits. PMID- 7255414 TI - Longitudinal study of features which might influence space loss after early extraction of lower deciduous molars. PMID- 7255413 TI - Cellular kinetics of synchondroseal cartilage in organ culture. PMID- 7255416 TI - Dietary phenylalanine and tyrosine interrelationships in the Sprague-Dawley rat. PMID- 7255415 TI - Inhibitory effect of bile acids on the activity of human beta-glucuronidase at its optimal pH. PMID- 7255417 TI - Suppression of gastric secretion by furosemide in dogs. PMID- 7255419 TI - Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia in ponies following bilateral nephrectomy. PMID- 7255422 TI - Chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes under agarose: lack of requirement for media protein and differential effects of buffer and agarose type on locomotion. PMID- 7255421 TI - Influence of temperature on the absorption of inhaled bovine serum albumin through isolated rabbit lungs. PMID- 7255423 TI - Direct measurement of glomerular capillary pressure in dogs. PMID- 7255418 TI - The long-term effects of dietary sucrose polyester on African green monkeys. PMID- 7255420 TI - Adipocyte cholesterol storage: effect of starvation. PMID- 7255424 TI - Cupric ion stimulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis and dependence on the osmolarity of incubation medium. PMID- 7255425 TI - Calcium modulation of microvascular sensitivity during renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7255426 TI - Metabolism of exogenous oxaloacetate in isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 7255427 TI - Synergistic induction of pineal gland N-acetyltransferase activity by amphetamine and L-DOPA. PMID- 7255428 TI - Effects of methyl n-butyl ketone and ethyl n-butyl ketone on fixed ratio, fixed interval performance of rats. PMID- 7255433 TI - Visually evoked cortical potential changes during pentobarbital recovery in the rat. PMID- 7255434 TI - Effects of adenosine transport inhibitors in smooth muscle. PMID- 7255431 TI - Excretion of nickel following intratracheal administration of the carbonate. PMID- 7255430 TI - The synthesis and detection of beta leucines. PMID- 7255432 TI - Effects of anoxia, acidosis and endotoxin on glucose, lactate and indocyanine green metabolism in primary hepatocyte culture. PMID- 7255435 TI - Alteration of the pharmacokinetics of sodium cyanide by sodium thiosulfate. PMID- 7255436 TI - Metabolism and disposition of fentanyl in man and the horse. PMID- 7255429 TI - Reversibility of diazepam overdose by physostigmine. PMID- 7255438 TI - Kinetics of accumulation of trifluralin by fish. PMID- 7255437 TI - Microsomal and parenchymal cell models in multiple drug metabolism. PMID- 7255439 TI - Amphetamine restores locomotor function after motor cortex injury in the rat. PMID- 7255440 TI - Comparison of fluoride balances during ambulation and bed rest. PMID- 7255441 TI - Methylation of sodium arsenate by rat liver in vitro. PMID- 7255442 TI - Effects of opiates on water consumption. PMID- 7255443 TI - Clinical potential of fibrinolytic enzyme(s) of western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venom. PMID- 7255444 TI - Toxicity of substituted p-benzoquinones found in the secretion of tenebrionid flour beetles. PMID- 7255446 TI - Protective effects of cryogenine, lythrine and certain derivatives in croton oil induced inflammation. PMID- 7255445 TI - Effect of BCNU on antipyrine metabolism in mice. PMID- 7255447 TI - Failure of naloxone to antagonize diazepam induced narcosis in rats. PMID- 7255448 TI - Responses of isolated uterine arteries to local anesthetic agents. PMID- 7255449 TI - Biopharmacological assessment of calmodulin function: utility of calmodulin antagonist naphthalenesulfonamide. PMID- 7255451 TI - Cardiac histamine and adrenergic receptors. PMID- 7255450 TI - Calmodulin regulation during the cell cycle of mammalian cells. PMID- 7255452 TI - Isolation and properties of a plasma membrane fraction from guinea-pig heart. PMID- 7255453 TI - Antiarrhythmic structure activity relationships in a series of lidocaine procainamide derivatives. PMID- 7255454 TI - Voltage clamping of isolated single cardiac myocytes. PMID- 7255456 TI - Measurement of hepatic venous blood flow in shock by thermal dilution. PMID- 7255457 TI - Agonist selectivity of reserpine induced inotropic supersensitivity. PMID- 7255455 TI - Functional interaction between carbachol and isoproterenol in isolated atrial and papillary muscles. PMID- 7255458 TI - l-alpha-Acetylmethadol (LAAM) attenuates sympathetic function by a peripheral mechanism. PMID- 7255460 TI - Integration of off-gas toxicity effects. PMID- 7255459 TI - A non-adrenergic mechanism for vagally induced cardioacceleration. PMID- 7255461 TI - Carbon monoxide toxicant from plastics and wood. PMID- 7255462 TI - Pyrolyses products of polyurethane and polyimide foams: effects on unsignalled shock escape behavior. PMID- 7255463 TI - Toxicity of pretazettine in rats and cats. PMID- 7255464 TI - Use of urinary enzyme activities in the early detection of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity: a study in children and adults receiving gentamicin or netilmicin. PMID- 7255466 TI - Physostigmine, naloxone, narcotics and sedatives in patients recovering from general anesthesia. PMID- 7255465 TI - Effects of intracellular cesium ions on electrophysiological properties in myocardial cells. PMID- 7255467 TI - Influence of metal ions and metabolic inhibitors on ammonium nitrate uptake from the airways of ventilated and perfused rat lungs. PMID- 7255468 TI - A new type of antithrombotic agent: action of antithrombin III - factor Xa complex. PMID- 7255469 TI - A HPLC radiometric assay to quantitate flunisolide metabolites in body fluids. PMID- 7255470 TI - Apparent sex difference in the metabolism of flunisolide in rats. PMID- 7255471 TI - Protective effects of AMP containing coenzymes against lethal hypoxic hypoxia. PMID- 7255472 TI - Chronic phencyclidine induced changes in rat central cholinergic receptor regulation. PMID- 7255473 TI - Activation of coerulospinal systems by nociceptive stimulus. PMID- 7255475 TI - Hypophysectomy differentially affects morphine and stress analgesia. PMID- 7255474 TI - Differential effects of naloxone or its quaternary analogue on stress or morphine induced analgesia. PMID- 7255476 TI - Conditioned fear enhances morphine analgesia in the rat. PMID- 7255477 TI - Cold acclimation and the hypothermic effect of ethanol in the rat. PMID- 7255478 TI - Morphine distribution after oral and subcutaneous administration. PMID- 7255480 TI - Tartrazine induced airway constriction in anesthetized, paralyzed guinea-pigs. PMID- 7255479 TI - The effect of unilateral and bilateral glossopharyngealotomy on reflex bronchoconstriction induced by diazoxide or serotonin. PMID- 7255482 TI - PGE2 effects on vagally induced gastric contractions in the cat. PMID- 7255483 TI - Adenine nucleotides as tools in platelet studies. PMID- 7255481 TI - Responses of isolated strips of guinea-pig colon to histamine and histamine antagonists. PMID- 7255484 TI - Ion flux and platelet activation. PMID- 7255485 TI - Therapeutic activity of pretazettine on Lewis lung carcinoma. PMID- 7255486 TI - Nerve physiology in hamster dystrophy. PMID- 7255487 TI - Blockade of nicotine induced cardiac responses by metoprolol in the in situ dog heart. PMID- 7255488 TI - Effects of low dose ouabain on canine Purkinje fibers. PMID- 7255489 TI - Anticonvulsant properties of melatonin on seizures in mice. PMID- 7255490 TI - Effect of chronic streptozotocin induced diabetes on cardiac performance in rats. PMID- 7255491 TI - Effects of cardiac stimulants of amitriptyline toxicity. PMID- 7255492 TI - Cardioselectivity of dobutamine and prenalterol in the pentobarbital anesthetized dog. PMID- 7255493 TI - Influence of maximal audiogenic or electroshock seizures on the release of 3H GABA from mouse brain in vitro. PMID- 7255494 TI - Dopaminergic regulation of muscarinic receptor binding in the corpus striatum. PMID- 7255495 TI - Febrile convulsions in animals and children: the role of vasopressin. PMID- 7255496 TI - [The Dispensatorium Medicum of the Pharmacopoea Nosocomii Thuricensis 1757]. PMID- 7255498 TI - Light transmittance through amber glass medicine bottles. PMID- 7255497 TI - [Formulation of slow-release tablets. III. Lipid matrices]. PMID- 7255499 TI - Preliminary study of prolonged acting drug delivery system for the treatment of glaucoma. PMID- 7255500 TI - Indentation hardness profiles across the faces of some compressed tablets. PMID- 7255501 TI - [Comparative study of the rate of release of phenobarbital from dry galenic forms: the Erweka ZT3 apparatus and the Poole balloon]. PMID- 7255502 TI - Free-Wilson analysis of quinoline derivatives. PMID- 7255503 TI - 4-aminopyridine; analysis of the substance and a method for the preparation of a solution for injection in man. PMID- 7255504 TI - Colorimetric determination of miconazole nitrate in pharmaceutical preparations. PMID- 7255505 TI - [The Limulus test in microbiological quality control]. PMID- 7255506 TI - [Absence of a sebum-stimulating effect of a shampoo based on saponins from Panama bark--Study in the hamster]. PMID- 7255507 TI - The treatment of peritonitis by an antiseptic - taurolin. AB - An open study was carried out on patients with acute appendicitis to assess the effectiveness of taurolin, a new antiseptic which destroys both bacteria and endotoxin, when used intraperitoneally in cases of purulent peritonitis associated with perforated or gangrenous appendicitis. Seventy-four out of 319 patients received taurolin; the others were treated by operation only or by operation and antibiotics as required. The results suggest that taurolin was effective as monotherapy in peritonitis and endotoxic shock and its use avoids the problems associated with antibiotics. PMID- 7255508 TI - Meptazinol and morphine compared: a study using systolic time intervals. AB - Changes in systolic time intervals following the administration of either morphine (0.1 mg/kg) or meptazinol (1 mg/kg) were studied in 12 patients admitted to hospital for intra-abdominal operations. The changes in these indices of cardiac performance were small. However, in 5 of the 6 patients who received morphine, the changes were in a direction suggesting negative inotropism, whereas the changes following meptazinol (6 patients) consistently suggested an improved ventricular performance. PMID- 7255509 TI - Effect of pentoxifylline on regional cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebrovascular disease. AB - A previous study showed that regional cerebral blood flow, measured following intra-arterial injection of 133Xenon, increased by at least 15% in one-third of all areas investigated in 25 patients with different types of dementia after a 2 weeks' period of intravenous treatment with 600 mg pentoxifylline per day. In the present studies, 10 patients were treated orally with 400 mg pentoxifylline 3 times daily for 4 weeks and 10 untreated patients served as controls. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured over both hemispheres using a new non-invasive technique by inhalation of 133Xenon gas. Bihemispheric cerebral blood flow increased by 15.9% in the pentoxifylline group and by 1.7% in the controls. Hypoemic areas, in particular, showed a distinctly higher increase (+20.1%) in blood flow after pentoxifylline compared to controls (+0.7%), and these hypoemic areas were apparently more influenced than hyperemic or normoemic regions. These findings were confirmed by a second controlled series. These data suggest an improvement of cerebral blood flow by pentoxifylline in a certain number of brain tissue areas if the drug is given over periods of at least 2 weeks in patients with cerebrovascular disease and other types of dementia. PMID- 7255510 TI - Effect of pentoxifylline on platelet aggregation. AB - The effect of various concentrations of pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine, on platelet aggregation was evaluated in vitro by Born's method. The study was performed on platelet-rich plasma obtained from two series of clinically healthy subjects: in the first, pentoxifylline was added to platelet-rich plasma just before ADP or epinephrine; in the second, pentoxifylline was incubated with platelet-rich plasma for 150 minutes at 37 degrees C before testing. Statistical analysis of the results demonstrates that pentoxifylline exerts a dose-dependent inhibiting action on platelet aggregation, particularly when epinephrine is chosen as the aggregating agent, and that the pre-incubation of pentoxifylline with blood platelets greatly enhances its inhibitory effect. PMID- 7255511 TI - Bioavailability of aspirin in the presence of dextropropoxyphene/paracetamol combination. AB - The effect of 2 doses of a combination analgesic preparation (each dose containing 65 mg dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride and 650 mg paracetamol) upon plasma salicylate concentration after a single dose of soluble aspirin (1.2 g) or enteric-coated aspirin (1.2 g) was examined in 6 normal volunteers and compared with the effect of placebo. The dextropropoxyphene/paracetamol caused no reduction in the plasma salicylate level after absorption of soluble aspirin compared with placebo and, although a reduction in plasma salicylate was seen after enteric-coated aspirin in a single subject, this may reflect erratic absorption rather than a drug interaction. PMID- 7255512 TI - Choline magnesium trisalicylate does not impair platelet aggregation. AB - Blood platelet aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine or collagen stimulation was measured in 9 mainly arthritic patients continually treated with choline magnesium trisalicylate for an average of 11 months. Aggregation was entirely normal in 5 of the subjects and only minimally reduced in 3 who showed suppression, in 2 cases borderline or minimal, of ADP induced aggregation only; the reasons were unclear and the possibility of pre treatment subnormal responses to ADP, in this group, could not be ruled out. The ninth subject showed no secondary wave of aggregation with ADP or epinephrine and only 21% aggregation with collagen, findings typical of aspirin use. She was thought to have ingested this drug unknowingly and to warrant exclusion from the evaluation. It is concluded that protracted use of choline magnesium trisalicylate does not interfere with platelet aggregation under the conditions of this study. The results obtained were consistent with the reported failure of this drug to cause significant faecal blood loss in clinical trials. PMID- 7255513 TI - Plasma profiles of two differing doses of fenoprofen in geriatric patients. AB - Plasma levels after single doses of 300 mg and 600 mg fenoprofen were measured in 10 elderly patients with osteoarthritis. Mean peak concentrations occurred at 4 hours. For the 300 mg dose, this was similar to levels obtained in an earlier study with young volunteers but the drug was absorbed more slowly in the elderly, peak levels being achieved approximately 2 hours later. There was no significant difference in the area under the plasma concentration-time curves compared with previous studies, and plasma levels after multiple doses showed no evidence of drug accumulation. Haematological and biochemical values were within acceptable limits for this patient population. It is concluded that fenoprofen is reliably but more slowly absorbed in the elderly, and that normal dosages can be utilized. PMID- 7255514 TI - Perception of odors of simple pyrazines by young and elderly subjects: a multidimensional analysis. AB - Ten simple stimuli from the heterocyclic class of nitrogen chemicals known as pyrazines were arranged in a three-dimensional space by INDSCAL using similarity judgments by 12 young and 11 elderly subjects as input. Odor quality at two intensity levels, moderate and strong, was examined. At both concentrations, pyrazines with the highest intrinsic polarity were arranged separate from unsubstituted pyrazines as well as alkyl pyrazines with a single alkyl moiety or any substitution pattern wherein alkyl groups are geometrically opposite. Use of the pattern recognition procedure ADAPT in conjunction with PREFMAP and canonical correlation procedures pointed to the relationship of three variables to olfactory quality: (1) the presence of oxygen atoms, (2) the environment associated with a substructure of the pyrazines and (3) stimulus concentration. Six of the elderly subjects showed a possible loss in the ability to discriminate among the pyrazines at the moderate intensity level. PMID- 7255515 TI - Effects of anorectic drugs and prior feeding on food-rewarded runway behavior. AB - Two treatments that act through central catecholamine pathways and are normally found to be strongly anorectic (d-amphetamine, 1.25 mg/kg and diethylpropion, 5.00 mg/kg) failed to influence either latency to run or running velocity in single trial running for food reward. In contrast, d-fenfluramine (2.5 mg/kg), which normally has similar anorectic potency but acts via a serotoninergic mechanism, significantly increased latency and decreased running velocity. Prior feeding (30 min ad lib access to food) also decreased runway performance to a similar degree. Further studies, using a 3 trial procedure where rats were allowed to feed for 30 sec following each run, revealed that d-amphetamine (1.25 mg/kg), both with and without penfluridol pretreatment (2.5 mg/kg), failed to affect running velocity or the amount of food eaten. However, d-fenfluramine (2.5 mg/kg) and a postsynaptic serotonin receptor agonist, m-chlorophenylpiperazne (1.0, 2.0 mg/kg) led to a significant reduction in these measurements. Thus it appears that "serotoninergic" anorectic drugs, like the state induced by prefeeding, depress food-rewarded runway behavior whereas "catecholaminergic" anorectic agents lack such effect. PMID- 7255516 TI - Behavioral effects of thebaine in the rhesus monkey. AB - Three experiments were conducted with rhesus monkeys to assess some behavioral effects of the opium alkaloid, thebaine, in relation to its dependence liability. The concurrent intramuscular administration of naloxone did not antagonize the rate-decreasing effects of thebaine on a fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of food reinforced responding. Animals trained to self-administer codeine (0.3 mg/kg/inj) on an FR 30 schedule did not self-administer thebaine (0.003-1.0 mg/kg/inj) at rates comparable to these of codeine. Rates were minimally above those of saline at 0.3 mg/kg inj. Monkeys given 23 hrs/day continuous access to 1.0 mg/kg/inj thebaine did, however, self-administer the drug at rates significantly higher than those maintained by saline, but not as high as those supported by 2.0 mg/kg/inj codeine. Two animals self-administering thebaine did not show any signs of withdrawal when injected with 0.1-1.0 mg/kg of naloxone or when saline was substituted for thebaine. A third monkey showed a severe reaction leading to death following an injection of 1.0 mg/kg naloxone. PMID- 7255517 TI - Behavioral assessment of norepinephrine and serotonin function and interaction in the hippocampal formation. AB - Norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) were injected either into the dorsal or ventral hippocampal formation of rats in doses ranging from 0.005 microgram/microliter to 5.0 microgram/microliter. Behavioral reactivity was assessed by recording latency to paw lick when placed on a hot plate and magnitude of force displaced in a vertical direction to a footshock. In addition open field activity was measured. NE injections resulted in a dose-dependent increase in behavioral reactivity to the hot plate and footshock; 5-HT injections resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in behavioral reactivity to hot plate and footshock. Both NE and 5-HT injections resulted in a dose-dependent increase in open field activity. NE injections were more effective in increasing reactivity when injected into the dorsal hippocampus while 5-HT injections were more effective in decreasing behavioral reactivity when injected into the ventral hippocampus. Both NE and 5-HT were most effective in increasing open field behavior, however, when injected into the dorsal hippocampus. When NE and 5-HT were injected simultaneously they resulted in no change in behavioral reactivity as compared to saline injections. Simultaneous injections of NE and 5-HT neither enhanced nor antagonized the increase in open field activity of each amine injected alone. The results are discussed in terms of the functional significance of NE and 5-HT in the hippocampus, their modes of action and significance for understanding dorsal-ventral hippocampal differences. PMID- 7255518 TI - Chronic methylxanthine treatment in rats: a comparison of Wistar and Fischer 344 strains. AB - Caffeine, theophylline or aminophylline were administered chronically to rats of both sexes, in the weight range 30-245 g. Self-injurious behaviour was noted only rarely in Wistar rats allowed free access to food, but developed over 3 to 4 weeks in half of the animals given a restricted diet of about one third of the intake of control rats. Fischer rats showed self-injurious behaviour more readily, 87% of animals showing signs within 9 days even on an ad lib diet. It is suggested that Fischer rats treated with methylxanthines may provide a model of the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Behavioural observations made during the period of methylxanthine treatment suggest that an activation of both the dopamine and 5 hydroxytryptamine neurone systems may be produced. Further work will seek a relationship between these systems and self-injurious behaviour. PMID- 7255519 TI - Quipazine-induced behavior in neonatal rat pups. AB - Three day old Sprague-Dawley rat pups were placed in an incubator at room temperature (22 +/- 1 degrees C) or nest temperature (35 +/- 1.5 degrees C) and observed using a behavioral-time sampling procedure following injection of saline or quipazine (1, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg). Quipazine administration induced a marked behavioral activation that was characterized by increases in forward locomotion, wall climbing, forelimb paddling and hindlimb treading, the magnitudes of which were not dependent upon ambient temperature. In a second experiment, quipazine was also observed to induce mouthing behavior that was dependent upon the length of the mother-pup separation interval. These results suggests that administration of a serotonergic agonist can have marked behavioral effects in the neonatal rat pup, which reinforces previous neurochemical observations that have indicated the presence of ample postsynaptic serotonin substrates in neonatal rats. Possible implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 7255520 TI - Schedule induced ethanol polydipsia in psychogenetically selected lines of rats. PMID- 7255521 TI - Uptake of [3H]colchicine into brain and liver of mouse, rat, and chick. AB - The uptake of [ring A-4-3H] colchicine and [ring C-methoxy-3H]colchicine has been compared in mice from 1 to 24 hr after administration. Less radioactivity was found in brain after administration of ring-labeled colchicine than after administration of the methoxy-labeled colchicine. Three hr after administration of ring-labeled colchicine, 5% of the label was in liver and about 0.01% of the label was present in brain. Forty percent of the brain radioactivity was bound to tubulin as determined by vinblastine precipitation. After 3 hr, an average of 8% of the radioactivity from methoxy-labeled colchicine was found in the liver and 0.16% in brain. However, less than 5% of the activity in brain was precipitated by vinblastine, and the colchicine equivalent was comparable to that found after administration of the ring-labeled colchicine. The amount of colchicine entering mouse brain after subcutaneous injection is comparable to the minimum behaviorally effective dose when administered to the caudate. The metabolism of [ring C-methoxy-3H] and [ring A-3H]colchicine was also studied in rats. The general pattern was similar to mice; less radioactivity was found in brain after administration of the ring-labeled alkaloid than after administration of methoxy labeled colchicine. Again, 40-50% of ring-labeled colchicine was precipitated by vinblastine. A much smaller percentage of the methoxy-labeled drug was precipitated by vinblastine than of the ring A-labeled colchicine. These experiments, together with behavioral experiments [7], support the hypotheses that structural alterations in synapses by recently synthesized proteins which are transported down the axons and dendrites may be an essential process for long term memory formation. PMID- 7255522 TI - The effects of lead, d-amphetamine, and time of day on activity levels in the mouse. AB - Mice were exposed to lead acetate (0.5%) pre- and postnatally, and activity levels were assessed at 21 days of age. Two measures of open field activity were employed at two different times of day across three doses of d-amphetamine. These factors influence the results observed in lead exposed mice and demonstrate that lead's effects on activity are not invariant. Implications for future research as well as the suggestion of an animal model for childhood hyperactivity are discussed. PMID- 7255523 TI - The effects of dl-cathinone in a gustatory avoidance paradigm. AB - When the presentation of a novel food to a rat is followed by the injection of a certain compounds, including many psychomotor stimulants, the animal consumes less of that food on subsequent presentations compared to an animal injected with saline. This phenomenon has been termed gustatory avoidance conditioning. The effect of dl-cathinone, a psychomotor stimulant drug structurally similar to amphetamine, was determined in this paradigm. Fluid intake was limited to a single 15 min presentation, seven days a week. Following the determination of baseline water intake, sweetened milk was presented for five consecutive sessions. There were six groups of rats with each group receiving a different dose of cathinone (0--16.0 mg/kg) five min after the session each day. Following these five days of milk-cathinone pairings, milk intake was significantly decreased only in the rats receiving 16 mg/kg. These results indicate that cathinone which is nearly as potent as amphetamine in many other behavioral measures, is less potent in inducing gustatory avoidance responses. PMID- 7255524 TI - [Biologically active triazoles]. PMID- 7255525 TI - Some new 5-substituted benzylidene-1-phenyl-3-(2'-pyridinobutan-4'-yl) thiobarbituric acids as psychopharmacological agents. AB - Ten substituted thiobarbiturates have been prepared in order to evaluate their anticonvulsant activity in vivo and MAO inhibitory activity in vitro. All the compounds have been found good MAO and convulsion inhibitors. 5-(4-N,N dimethylaminobenzylidene)-1-phenyl-3-(2'-pyridinobutan-4'-yl)thiobarbi turic acid has been found to be best in both these activities. PMID- 7255526 TI - [Spectroscopic studies on the formation of metal complexes and on the protein binding of antiviral thiosemicarbazone derivatives (author's transl)]. AB - The complexation of some thiosemicarbazones and isothiosemicarbazones of isatin and quinolin-2-aldehydes with Cu2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ ions was spectrometrically investigated. Semiquantitative data, obtained from extinction values, about the relative complexing tendencies within some groups of homologous substances were brought in relation to their antiviral effects and binding to bovine serum albumin. The complexing tendencies were greatest in compounds with methyl substituents and decreased for higher alkyl substituents. whereas the binding to protein increased in the same order. The well-known maxima of the antiviral observed with medium alkyl groups may be explained by a superposition of these effects. PMID- 7255527 TI - [The dynamics of the drug release from ointment bases. Part 5: The effects of tensides on the liberation of atropine from eye ointments (author's transl)]. AB - The liberation of atropine sulphate from 12 eye ointments added with lipophil emulsifiers (cholesterol and glycerol monostearate) and propylene glycol was determined in vitro in the apparatus of Olszewski and Kubis, using the reaction of atropine with bromothymol blue for spectrometric estimation. The best release was observed with vaseline added with propylene glycol. In contrast, glycerol monostearate and cholesterol produced no considerable increase in liberation. Glycerol monostearate exerted the greatest effect on the liberation of atropine sulphate from the base described in the Polish Pharmacopoeia IV. Glycerol monostearate was the most suited emulsifier for a paraffin-lanolin-water base. The maximum of release is delayed by the addition of the emulsifier to the ointment base. PMID- 7255528 TI - The construction and uses of factorial designs in the preparation of solid dosage forms. Part 2: Granulation in a fluidized bed. AB - With the help of a factorial design of experiments, the optimum conditions for preparing aminophenazone granules in a fluidized bed were established by which high quality tablets were obtained with a minimum energy expenditure. Granules with given technological properties could be prepared by controlling the regime of the granulation process. By varying the experimental conditions, a reproducible correlation was found between the parameters of optimization (mean granule diameter and work of compression) and the factors controlling the granulation process (pressure of compressed air, velocity and temperature of fluidizing air and binder concentration). The effect of the granule quality on tablet physical properties was discussed. Recommendations were given for the exploitation of fluidized bed units in the practice of granulation and tableting. PMID- 7255529 TI - [Studies on the mixing and the stability of diphenhydramine-containing powders (author's transl)]. AB - The anti-allergic agent diphenhydramine (Dimedrol) is of poor mixability. Mixing is facilitated by the addition of 2.5--5% Aerosil 380 or of only 0.5--1% Aerosil 200 and R 972. The volume of weight of the powder mixtures is increased by adding 0.5% of any of these adjuvants, and the angle of inclination is considerably reduced by the addition of 0.5--1%. Flowable mixtures are obtained only with Aerosil 380 and R 972. Stability was best in mixtures containing 2.5--5% Aerosil 380. Such mixtures are most suited with regard to mixability and stability. PMID- 7255530 TI - Influencing of resorption and side-effects of salicylic acid by complexing with beta-cyclodextrin. AB - After oral administration of 14C-labelled salicylic acid and its beta cyclodextrin complex to rats, the blood radioactivity-level increases in the first 2 h than decreases. The blood level obtained with the inclusion complex is somewhat but not significantly lower than with free acid. Since the resorption of cyclodextrin is a considerably slower process, it is very likely that the resorption of salicylic acid take place in the form of free acid after dissociation of the complex. The urinary excretion cumulative curves show that the free salicylic acid is completely excreted, while about 10% of the salicylic acid administered in the form of complex is lost. The cyclodextrin complex formation increases the pK value of all hydroxy-benzoic acids. Direct observations reveals that complex formation decreases the stomach-irritating effect of salicylic acid. The ratio of radioactivity was nearly the same in the organs of animals treated by both free salicylic and cyclodextrin complex. PMID- 7255532 TI - Stability of sodium cyclamate in simulated gastric and intestinal media. PMID- 7255531 TI - [Studies on the circulatory side-effects of 2-[3'-diethylaminopropyl-(1') carbamoyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-1-thiaiso-chroman-1,1-di oxide ("16-252") (author's transl)]. AB - In view of its application to human beings, the authors tested 3-[3' diethylaminopropyl-(1')-carbamoyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-1-thiasiochroman-1,1-dio xide ("16-252"), which is a potential antidepressant by its basic neuropharmacological activities, for circulatory side-effects on the rat, the cat and the awake carotid-ligated dog and compared them with those of imipramine. "16-252" differs from imipramine in principle. Whereas imipramine exerts above all a sympathiocomimetic circulatory effect (characterized by tachycardia, increased cardiac output and increased arterial pressure), "16-252" induces bradycardia, a decrease in cardiac output and a reactive increase of the total peripheral resistance. The doses of "16-252" required to bring about more marked circulatory side-effects are about 3-fold higher than those of imipramine. Medium doses of "16-252" do not produce the cardiodepressant effects typical of imipramine and they do not potentiate the action of administered noradrenaline typical of tricyclic antidepressants. The results obtained are discussed from the aspects of cardiotoxic properties in case of long-term therapy. PMID- 7255533 TI - [Characterization of the crystallization behavior of poorly soluble drugs in suspensions]. PMID- 7255534 TI - [Thin-layer chromatographic testing of drugs of the East German Pharmacopoeia, 2d edition, metobromuron and chlorbromuron residues]. PMID- 7255535 TI - Concepts basic to pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7255536 TI - Methods for the evaluation of hydrophobic substrate binding to cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7255538 TI - Metabolic disorders associated with hyperlipemia: activity of an extremely potent hypolipemic agent (LR 19731). AB - LR 19731 [4-p-chlorophenyl-5-beta-(N'-phenyl)piperazinoethyl-1,3-dioxolin-2-one] lowers the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels of rats in several experimental conditions after single or repeated treatments, while it is scarcely active on liver lipids. The compound is especially effective in reducing plasma cholesterol in a dose-related manner both in normolipemic and hyperlipemic rats. The minimal effective dose (after five oral treatments in 4 days to normolipemic rats) is as low as 3 mg/kg, the ED50 is 11.3 mg/kg, while the maximal effective dose capable of completely suppressing plasma cholesterol is 100 mg/kg. Surgical removal of the thyroid gland does not influence its activity. At its ED50 the compound does not cause hepatomegaly, accumulation of desmosterol in plasma and liver. Under the same experimental conditions clofibrate presents a poor dose response correlation on plasma lipids and generally appears at least 10 times less active than LR 19731 on cholesterol but more effective on liver weight. The experiments of general pharmacology indicate that LR 19731 does not effect central and peripheral nervous functions, does not influence the cardiovascular system or cause skeletal muscle relaxation, hypothermia, analgesia, and does not possess anti-inflammatory properties up to a dose of about 100 mg/kg. PMID- 7255537 TI - Diltiazem and verapamil inhibit norepinephrine-stimulated 45Ca uptake in rabbit aorta. AB - The effects of two Ca antagonists, diltiazem (DZ) and verapamil (VP), on norepinephrine (NE)-stimulated 45Ca uptake in vascular smooth muscle from New Zealand White rabbit aortas were studied. Data were collected before, at 10, 30, and 60 min after drug addition, and during a simultaneous control period without drug addition. NE alone (6 X 10(-6) M) significantly increased 45Ca uptake from the extracellular space presumably by activating the receptor-operated Ca channel during excitation-contraction coupling. This effect was maximal by 10 min after NE addition and stable through the 60-min time point. Both VP (5 X 10(-5) M) and DZ (2.2 X 10(-7) M) inhibited the NE-stimulated 45Ca uptake at the 10- and 60-min time points, respectively. These data demonstrate that both DZ and VP inhibit 45Ca uptake from the extracellular space during activation of the receptor operated Ca channel with NE. The effects of DZ and VP to inhibit NE-stimulated 45Ca uptake are demonstrated at concentrations which have been previously shown to cause dilation of vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 7255539 TI - Glutathione S-transferase activity in human fetal and adult tissues. AB - Quantitative estimations of glutathione S-transferase activities with 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene as the electrophilic second substrate, in 142 postmortem human tissue specimens derived from 34 different organs of one or more of 13 individuals belonging to various age groups, are presented. Collectively the data indicate: (1) all tissues examined have appreciable levels of enzyme activity; (2) liver, kidney, lung, muscle, heart, adrenal glands, pancreas, and stomach of fetal origin possess higher enzyme activities than those of the adults, and (3) there are wide interindividual variations in the tissue enzyme activities. PMID- 7255540 TI - Tissue distribution of primaquine in the rat. AB - The distribution of primaquine was measured in seven rat tissues at 15-180 min after the intraperitoneal injection of the antimalarial 8-aminoquinoline. The half-life of unmetabolized primaquine was 4.0 h in lung, 1.7-1.9 h in blood, spleen, kidney and heart, and 1.2 h in liver. At each interval, the concentrations of unmetabolized primaquine were (in order): lung greater than liver, kidney, spleen greater than heart greater than brain greater than or equal to blood. At 3 h after the injection of [6-O-methyl-3H]primaquine, unmetabolized primaquine constituted 10% of the total 3H in blood and 40-60% of the total 3H in liver, brain, heart and kidney. PMID- 7255542 TI - [Influence of thioridazine on cognitive, psychomotor, and reaction performance in patients with dysthymic-depressive syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - We examined the influence of thioridazine (2 x 200 mg/d for 14 days) on cognitive (d 2-cancellation test, digit symbol substitution task), psychomotor (aiming, visual coordination as screwdriving test) as well as simple- and choice-reaction measurements in 16 in-patients suffering from dysthymic-depressive syndrome. The different thioridazine serum levels and the intelligence quotients of the patients were used as criteria of stratification. In this way we demonstrated differentiated impairments or improvements of the human performance. Such differences would have been masked by a more global evaluation and interpretation. PMID- 7255544 TI - Reliability of absolute and relative measurement of total body nitrogen by the 14N(n, 2n)13N reaction. AB - Measurements of total body nitrogen by in vivo neutron activation analysis using the 14N(n, 2n)13N reaction, may conveniently be calibrated using phantoms in which nitrogen is uniformly distributed. However, the response of the method varies considerably in the thickest body sections and in order to validate the calibration, it is necessary also to consider the spatial distributions both of nitrogen and of the major interfering element, oxygen. The effects of these spatial distributions have been calculated for the experimental conditions obtained at the East Kilbride facility for total body in vivo neutron activation analysis. The response for total body nitrogen was found to depend strongly on body weight (in the rang e 40 to 100 kg) but only weakly on total body content of adipose tissue (0 to 65% of body weight). It differed little from the response calculated for the nitrogen distributed uniformly within the body. The calculation was tested successfully against measured changes in the net response for nitrogen resulting from 'homogenisation' of inhomogeneous phantoms. PMID- 7255543 TI - Calibration of a 238Pu,Be facility for partial-body measurements of organ cadmium. AB - An improved instrument is described for the measurement of liver and kidney cadmium by in vivo neutron activation analysis in both occupationally and environmentally exposed persons. Detailed calibrations of the instrument used in a study of 83 male workers at a cadmium production plant are give. The importance of accurate organ localisation by ultrasound is stressed, without which errors of 40 and 25% in individual and group kidney measurements, respectively, can occur. The detection limit (2 SD of the background) is 2.2 mg cadmium in the kidney and 1.5 micrograms g-1 (wet weight) in the liver for a local dose of 4.7 mSv. This instrument therefore combines the advantages of portability with high sensitivity of detection of cadmium. PMID- 7255541 TI - Platelet MAO activity in patients with affective psychosis and their first-degree relatives. AB - 26 patients with affective psychoses, 11 with the unipolar and 15 with the bipolar form of the disease, 102 first-degree relatives and healthy controls matched for age and sex were examined for their platelet MAO activity. For evaluation of enzyme activity kinetic parameters as well as activities under saturation conditions were determined. The degree of depression was estimated by two standard self-rating depression scales. Intrafamilial correlation of MAO was found. MAO activities of patients did not differ from controls, and there was no consistent difference in MAO between the relatives and their controls. Neither among patients nor among relatives or controls were there indications for a relationship between MAO and the degree of depression. Reduced MAO activity cannot be regarded as a genetic marker of vulnerability to affective psychosis. PMID- 7255545 TI - Simplification of simultaneous measurement of the total body content of five elements using only one 14 MeV neutron generator. AB - Measurement of body composition by total body in vivo neutron activation analysis is a valuable tool for clinical research but use of this technique has been largely restricted to medical units near existing neutron irradiation facilities. A facility for total body in vivo neutron activation analysis was purpose-built at low cost and has performed well. The methods of scanned bilateral neutron irradiation and scanned bilateral measurement of induced activity have been subject to continuous development. It has been found possible to dispense with one of the original complement of two 14 MeV neutron generators, without significantly impairing measurement of any of the elements for which the system was designed (phosphorus, calcium, nitrogen, chlorine and sodium). Thus a hospital department with access to a whole-body counter capable of measuring total body 40K can now extend its investigation of body composition to these five important elements at a cost of 75 m2 of floor space and less than 30 000 pounds. PMID- 7255546 TI - Stopping powers of a tissue-equivalent gas for 40-200 ke V He+ and N+. AB - The stopping powers of a tissue-equivalent gas have been measured for He+ and N+ using the ion beams from a Cockcroft and Walton type accelerator and a differentially pumped gas cell. The stopping powers of each component of the tissue-equivalent gas were also measured and used to calculate expected values of the stopping powers of the tissue-equivalent gas. Results from direct measurement and from calculation showed good agreement. PMID- 7255547 TI - Central-axis depth-dose data for diagnostic radiology. AB - Depth-dose data have been measured for a range of irradiation conditions relevant to diagnostic radiology in order to provide a basis for the calculation of patient dosage arising from X-ray examinations. In general, data are required for larger field sizes, longer source-surface distances and greater tube filtrations than are commonly encountered in radiotherapy. Principles and techniques of measurement are discussed with particular attention to the specification of X-ray beam quality. It is recommended that both peak tube potential and first half value thickness should be specified, especially for the determination of doses at depths of 5 cm or more. With the appropriate specification of quality, good agreement is found between these measurements and other compilations of depth dose data for radiotherapy use. Zero-area depth-doses have also been measured and compared with calculated values derived from theoretical considerations of X-ray beam spectra. PMID- 7255548 TI - Reproducibility of gamma camera data. AB - The increasing use of quantification in the interpretation of nuclear medicine images requires a knowledge of the errors associated with the estimation of the activity in a volume of interest from the recorded count rate data. Using sources of known cross-sectional area from 1 to 25 cm2, errors caused by variations in the count rate, day of measurement, source position in the camera field of view, and source size are evaluated. The effect of source depth in tissue-equivalent (TE) medium on the reproducibility of the data is also investigated. For a given source size at a known depth, variations in camera response lead to an error (SD) of a least 6% that increases as either the source size or the depth of the source in TE medium is increased. Failure to estimate accurately the true depth of the organ can also be a major source of error. The use of two conventional types of flood correction technique ('count-skipping' and matrix division) is found to increase the error only in the case of the smallest source. PMID- 7255549 TI - Towards an evaluation of the accuracy of ventilatory rate constants derived from dynamic computer-assisted tomographic measurements. AB - Dynamic computer-assisted tomographic (CT) measurements using non-radioactive xenon gas have recently been employed along with a simple model of pulmonary transport to derive ventilation rate constants (K) in small tissue volumes. Inherent in the model description is the assumption that instantaneous diffusion equilibrium occurs between inhaled Xe gas and lung tissue. The validity of this assumption as it relates to the accuracy of the derived values of K has been considered for both normal and oedematous tissue, the latter characterised by a severe widening of the interstitial fluid space. It was found that only a small error in the predicted values for K results, when the simple model is applied to the dynamic cT measurements of xenon enhancement. PMID- 7255550 TI - Thermal quenching by phototransfer in LiF TLD-100. PMID- 7255551 TI - Determination of absolute cardiac ventricular volume using radionuclide techniques. PMID- 7255552 TI - Interaction of 8-methoxypsoralen and near-UV light causes mutation and cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. PMID- 7255553 TI - Dependence on stage of growth of mammalian cell sensitivity to near-UV irradiation. PMID- 7255554 TI - The involvement of water at the retinal binding site in rhodopsin and early light induced intramolecular proton transfer. PMID- 7255555 TI - Photorepair in larval anchovy, Engraulis mordax. PMID- 7255556 TI - The wavelength dependence of ultraviolet light-induced cell killing and mutagenesis in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. PMID- 7255558 TI - Variations in the erythemal response of guinea-pig skin. PMID- 7255557 TI - The effect of chronic applications of tretinoin(retinoic acid) on acute responses of mammalian skin to UVB radiation in vivo. PMID- 7255559 TI - Ultraviolet photoirradiation of daunomycin and DNA daunomycin complexes. PMID- 7255560 TI - Photoreactivation of ultraviolet light-induced damage in cultured fish cells as revealed by increased colony forming ability and decreased content of pyrimidine dimers. PMID- 7255561 TI - Alteration of guanine residues during proflavine mediated photosensitization of DNA. PMID- 7255562 TI - On the possibility of protein-chromophore charge transfer in visual pigments. PMID- 7255564 TI - Maintenance of DNA repair capacity in differentiating rat muscle cells in vitro. PMID- 7255563 TI - Dark membrane lysis and photosensitization by 3-carbethoxypsoralen. PMID- 7255565 TI - [Isolation and studies on the physico-chemical and biological properties of lectins from Hura crepitans (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255566 TI - Studies on cryptolepine. II: Inhibition of carrageenan induced oedema by cryptolepine. PMID- 7255567 TI - Inhibition of type A and type B monoamine oxidases by naturally occurring xanthones. PMID- 7255568 TI - The antibiotic principle of seeds of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala. PMID- 7255569 TI - Pharmacological screening of valerenal and some other components of essential oil of Valeriana officinalis. PMID- 7255571 TI - [Abstracts of short reports and posters. 29th meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant Research. Marburg/Lahn, 9-13 June 1981]. PMID- 7255570 TI - Inhibition of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis by compounds of Camellia sinensis. PMID- 7255572 TI - [In vitro study of the expectorant effect of phenylpropane derivatives of hazelwort. 12. Active substances form Asarum europaeum. L]. PMID- 7255573 TI - Superselective embolization and surgery of noninvoluting hemangiomas and A-V malformations. AB - Eight patients with severe arteriovenous malformations of the head and neck region have been treated by superselective embolization utilizing Ivalon and surgery. Six of those patients underwent surgical resection of the malformation following embolization with apparent lack of recurrence of the vascular tumor. The approach of superselective embolization is different because it is an attempt to occlude the malformation from the inside out, that is, occluding the smallest vessels first, and utilizes the increased vascular demand of the tumor. The increased blood flow to the malformation is seen to change, since new vessels dilate instantly following occlusion of major feeders. The malformations fill from the ipsilateral side first, but frequently from the contralateral vessels as well. The futility of surgical ligation of large incoming filling vessels is pointed out. Complications other than what may occur with any transfemoral arteriogram included skin slough, particularly when the "glue" was utilized to an excess of extracranial sites. PMID- 7255574 TI - Nasal vibration analysis: a noninvasive objective technique to evaluate the speech of patients with palatopharyngeal disorders. PMID- 7255575 TI - Postauricular flap based on a dermal pedicle for ear reconstruction. AB - A postauricular flap based on its dermal pedicle has been described for reconstruction of traumatic or iatrogenic defects of the external ear. The versatility of this flap allows its use for centrally as well as peripherally located defects. In selected cases, this technique may find its application. Three patients have been discussed and have had at least 2 years of follow-up and good postoperative results. PMID- 7255576 TI - Neocartilage derived from transplanted perichondrium: what is it? AB - The articular surfaces of rabbit patellae were completely eburnated and resurfaced with ear perichondrium or fascia lata or left unresurfaced. Both mature and immature animals were used and were sacrificed at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Only those joints resurfaced with perichondrium formed neocartilage. The neocartilage was composed of variable amounts of chondroitin sulfate; histologic appearances ranged from hyaline cartilage to fibrocartilage to fibrous tissue. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the neocartilage surface was irregular, fibrillated, and disorganized. Biochemical analyses documented the variability of the neocartilage, one specimen being quite similar to normal articular cartilage. Cell-culture experiments with isolated rabbit periochondrocytes, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts were conducted to determine whether those cell types could produce cartilage matrix in vitro. The ability of sparse cultures of perichondrocytes to synthesize chondroitin sulfate under serum free conditions is evidence that these cells are unlike fibroblasts and more like chondrocytes in their in vitro behavior. These in vitro and in vivo studies show that perichondrocytes are relatively differentiated cells with the potential to make cartilage. Elucidation of the factors contributing to the variable results of perichondral transplantation is essential before clinical applications will be predictably successful. PMID- 7255577 TI - The upper-quadrant flap. AB - Either full-thickness abdominal upper quadrant with extensions across the midline or down the trunk can be raised and transferred undelayed on a single intercostal pedicle. The technique is outlined and clinical examples are given. PMID- 7255578 TI - An arbor flap: the tree-pattern flap, or how narrow may the base of a skin flap be? An experimental study. AB - Investigations were carried out employing pig skin flaps that were wider and shorter than the conventionally used longitudinal-rectangular flaps. The following main points summarize the findings of this experimental work. (1) Circulation flows radially through the base of the skin flap, creating a tree foliage pattern, hence an arbor flap. (2) While a large area can survive on a narrow base and short narrow pedicle, the flap will not be viable if it has a long narrow pedicle. (3) Following initial distal necrosis of random flaps, narrowing of the base does not augment further necrosis. Therefore, to ensure good survival of a small flap, it is imperative that the flap be broadened immediately adjacent to its short narrow base, giving it a tree-foliage pattern, i.e., an arbor flap instead of a rectangular flap. In other words, very small random skin flaps should be constructed like trees and their distal ends should be broader than their bases. PMID- 7255579 TI - Tensor fascia lata myocutaneous free flaps. AB - Twelve tensor fascia lata myocutaneous free flaps were done in 11 patients. There were 2 complete failures and 2 partial failures. The complete failures were related to problems with the recipient vessels. The flap has a reliable pedicle and vascular territory and can be transferred with its sensory nerve. Excessive bulk is a common problem, especially on the heel and ankle. PMID- 7255580 TI - The effect of preoperative angiography on experimental free-flap survival. AB - In a rat model designed to simulate clinical angiography, preoperative angiography had no effect on free-flap survival. Only when a large dose of RCM was delivered directly into a surgically isolated circulation did significant free-flap loss ensue. PMID- 7255581 TI - Platform for nipple projection: modification of the inferior pedicle technique for breast reduction. AB - A modified narrower inferior pedicle with greater parenchymal attachment to the chest wall has been employed in reduction mammaplasty over a wide range of breast sizes and configurations. Enhanced nipple projection as well as retention of normal sensitivity has been achieved by supporting the nipple-areola complex on a deepithelialized dermal platform at the keyhole. PMID- 7255582 TI - Serum prolactin levels following augmentation mammaplasty. AB - A prospective study to evaluate the possible relationship between augmentation mammaplasty, a chronic irritant to the breast, and serum prolactin levels was carried out. Eleven healthy female subjects were studied. Serum prolactin levels were determined twice prior to surgery and at 1 and 3 weeks after surgery. No significant change was detected in the postoperative prolactin values. In four subjects evaluated 3 months following surgery, the prolactin levels also remained unchanged. In addition, none of the women developed galactorrhea during their observation period. These results suggest that the placement of a Silastic implant for augmentation mammaplasty may not be a chronic stimulus leading to either galactorrhea or elevation of prolactin levels. PMID- 7255584 TI - Necrosis of the glans penis following neonatal circumcision. PMID- 7255583 TI - Subcutaneous flap as an alternative to venous anastomosis in replantation surgery. PMID- 7255585 TI - The tacking otoplasty for estimation of anthelical folding. PMID- 7255586 TI - Treatment of impending nipple necrosis following reduction mammaplasty. AB - Despite careful preoperative planning and accurate surgery, nipple necrosis may follow reduction mammaplasty. Impending nipple necrosis developed following translocation of the nipple and areola on a dermal pedicle in two patients. An excellent result was obtained by converting the nipple-areola complex to a full thickness graft and removing the avascular portion of the breast. We recommend this technique to the surgeon whose patients develop impending nipple necrosis after reduction mammaplasty. PMID- 7255587 TI - Toe pulp free grafts in nipple reconstruction. PMID- 7255588 TI - Blepharoplasty and the dry eye syndrome: guidelines for surgery? PMID- 7255590 TI - Correcting facial paralysis. PMID- 7255589 TI - Health manpower legislation. AB - In response to the desires of Congress, medical schools dramatically enhanced their ability to perform biomedical research and to educate health professions personnel. Initially, Congress viewed health professionals as a national resource in terms of being willing to subsidize their education. Congress continues to view the health professions as a national resource, but the philosophy of Congress has become substantially modified: Congress is unwilling to subsidize the education of physicians, but perceives that it must regulate their specialty and geographic distribution. Medical students and medical schools have, in a major sense, been left "holding the bag." A cogent argument can be offered that the natural history of health-care evolution has been confused by excessive meddling with the system. Additional legislatively induced confusion should not be imposed, at least until the results of the previous meddling have been observed. Unfortunately, the foregoing presentation raises considerably more questions than it answers: Medical schools: What will be the source(s) of financial support? Medical students: What will be the impact of tuition indebtedness? Practicing physicians: What will be the result(s) of severe competition? Health professions educational institutions must address fundamental issues concerning their financial survival. That is, will they accept the carrot and-stick philosophy and pursue federal funding? or will they seek financial independence toward the goal of assuming responsibility for their own destiny? The philosophy of federal funding "without strings attached" does not exist. PMID- 7255591 TI - Preoperative pattern in chest-wall reconstruction with latissimus dorsi. PMID- 7255592 TI - Experimental production of pressure sores. PMID- 7255593 TI - The greater omentum. PMID- 7255594 TI - [Suicide in clinical situations--trends in a psychiatric hospital in the past 40 years]. PMID- 7255595 TI - [Self-destruction behavior seen in the wrist-cutting syndrome]. PMID- 7255597 TI - [Suicide in the manic state]. PMID- 7255596 TI - [Self-leakage syndrome and suicidal tendencies]. PMID- 7255599 TI - [Attempted suicide by neurotic patients]. PMID- 7255598 TI - [Suicide attempt among woman schizophrenics]. PMID- 7255600 TI - [Problems related to the suicide of patients in an open psychiatric ward in a high-rise building: analysis of situation and preventive measures]. PMID- 7255601 TI - [Schizophrenia and suicide]. PMID- 7255602 TI - [Suicide attempt by alcohol-dependent patients]. PMID- 7255604 TI - [Case of Yahagigawa Hospital: an interim report]. PMID- 7255603 TI - [Psychopathology of the expression of suicide]. PMID- 7255605 TI - [On the social conditions of schizophrenic patients in an underpopulated district in Hokkaido--with special reference to their marital status (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255606 TI - [Changing style of schizophrenic symptomatology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255607 TI - [A rare case of leucodystrophy--neuroaxonal leucodystrophy (Seitelberger) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255608 TI - [Proceedings of the 76th Congress of the Japanese Society of Psychiatric and Neurology. Abstracts]. PMID- 7255609 TI - [A critical consideration on the mental expert evidence by Dr. Marui -- the case of at Hirosaki (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255610 TI - [An electroencephalographic study of mentally retarded children -- long-term follow-up study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255611 TI - [Chronic manic-depressive illness and mixed state -- a case study of a patient with collection mania for stolen art objects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255613 TI - [Clinical tachistoscopy: physical-technical requirements and diagnostic use in brain damaged patients]. AB - The importance of physical marginal conditions in tachistoscopic measurements with statements about the arrangement of the content of the picture, light technical parameters, optimum viewing distance and time of exposure is emphasized. Historic and topical technological solutions in tachistoscopy are discussed. A projection tachistoscope of own design is presented. The fields of tachistoscopic applications as well as results obtained in psycho-diagnostic examinations of patients with cerebral lesions are reported. For a picture series offering the possibility of differentiation age-dependent standard values are given. At advanced age and in cerebro-organic processes significant losses of performances are found. PMID- 7255612 TI - [The significance of early auditory evoked potentials in the clinical diagnosis of alcoholic Wernicke encephalopathy]. AB - A report is given on two patients with delirium tremens and alcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy in whom highly pathologic curve behaviors of the early acoustically evoked potentials were found. Methodological and practical-clinical consequences are seen. PMID- 7255614 TI - [The validity of self assessment scales (personality questionnaires)]. AB - Departing from the increasing use of personality questionnaires for psychodiagnosis, the limits of these measuring instruments are critically pointed out. Methodical ways for the overcoming of error sources are discussed. A large part of the paper is concerned with the problems of control scales. Further necessary steps with regard to the determination of the validity of self assessments are presented in outlines. PMID- 7255615 TI - [Studies in aphasic patients using speech statistical methods]. AB - An attempt was made to ascertain the frequency of the use of grammatical kinds of words (categories) by aphasic patients. By means of significant studies one finds true differences as compared to patients with normal speech and between the individual aphasic patients when an error probability of 5 per cent is chosen. The sequence of these kinds of words is also of interest. The studies were carried out in such a way that the results are reproducible. PMID- 7255616 TI - [Follow-up examination of neurotic patients after dynamic group therapy with the FPI and a change questionnaire]. AB - On the basis of the FPI and a questionnaire about the occurrence of changes the therapeutic effects of a dynamic group psychotherapy were checked. 63.6 per cent of the patient showed positive results in the FPI after four months. In some checkups (13 months after the end of the therapy) 40 per cent of these FPI patients also showed positive social changes while in 23.3 per cent no or negative changes in the social sphere were found. The 36.7 per cent FPI-negative patients fall into 16.7 per cent socially positive and 20 per cent unchanged or negative patients. The study shows that there is no verified agreement between the results of FPI and the behaviour in the social sphere. PMID- 7255617 TI - [The prognostic significance of electromyographic and electroneurographic results in Landry-Guillain-Barre-Strohl polyradiculoneuritis]. AB - On the basis of an analysis of electromyographic and electroneurographic findings in patients with polyradiculoneuritis Landry - Guillain - Barre - Strohl courses of the diseases with different prognoses are found. In pure demyelinisation processes, a rapid and complete restitution can be expected. The regression of the pareses, however, will show a delayed, frequently an incomplete onset when electrophysiologically and axon loss can be proved. PMID- 7255618 TI - [Educational program. Specialist in psychotherapy]. PMID- 7255620 TI - Family court--a social laboratory for adolescent and parental interaction. AB - During a one-year study period in a family court, 304 parents were referred for psychiatric evaluation. An inverse relationship in prevalence of parental and adolescent psychopathology was found. Delinquent juveniles showed a higher prevalence of emotional illness than juveniles in the neglect category. Parents of the delinquent juveniles demonstrated less psychopathology than parents of neglect juveniles. Theories of family systems and dynamics are applicable. The findings have implications for the various theoretically based treatment programs for antisocial and disturbed adolescents. PMID- 7255619 TI - Psychotherapy under National Health Insurance: ten years of Canadian experience. AB - Canadian psychiatrists have worked under National Health Insurance since 1969 1970. The removal of the economic barrier to treatment has produced a system under which practitioners can rationally prescribe treatment for all socioeconomic groups. In particular, long-term psychotherapy is now open, in principle, to all who can benefit from it. Comprehensive coverage of psychiatric care makes clinical sense, but leaves the physician with a serious social responsibility in determining the profile of his practice. PMID- 7255621 TI - National health insurance aspects of the psychiatric scene in Great Britain. PMID- 7255623 TI - Deinstitutionalization and other fairy tales. PMID- 7255622 TI - Existential dialectics in therapeutic groups. AB - The paper proposes that existential dialectics is one way of reaching clinically inaccessible material in group psychotherapy. Existential dialectics aims at fusing intra-personal, subjective reality with transubjective, social one, with the aid of face to face encounters with others. Its "techniques" include antithetical and synthetical questioning and attentive listening. The specific psycho-social dialectics outlined include participant-observation and the play of norms and counternorms. These dialectics are especially designed to help patients find meaning, reality, approval and feelings. PMID- 7255624 TI - Madness is a surrender of free will; therapy too often encourages it. A libertarian view of psychology and psychiatry. PMID- 7255625 TI - Clinical uses of mental imagery: experimental foundations, theoretical misconceptions, and research issues. PMID- 7255626 TI - Exhibitionism: etiology and treatment. PMID- 7255627 TI - Psychophysiology of P300. PMID- 7255628 TI - Differential hemispheric processing of faces: methodological considerations and reinterpretation. PMID- 7255629 TI - Effectiveness of professional and paraprofessional helpers: a comment on Durlak. PMID- 7255630 TI - Evaluating comparative studies of paraprofessional and professional helpers: a reply to Nietzel and Fisher. PMID- 7255631 TI - A theory of erotic orientation development. PMID- 7255632 TI - Sexual arousability and the menstrual cycle. AB - Using a balanced experimental design, 30 regularly cycling woman not using oral contraceptives, aged 20 to 30 years, were assessed in a laboratory setting during the follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases. Sexual arousal was measured by self report and by photoplethysmographic recordings of vaginal vasocongestion. Plasma estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone were determined by radioimmunoassay. There were marked and consistent individual differences among the women in their sexual arousability. Subjective reports of sexual arousal did not differ among menstrual cycle phases, by physiologic arousal did vary with significantly higher mean levels of arousal occurring during the follicular and luteal phases than during the ovulation phase. While hormones fluctuated predictably with menstrual cycle phase, there were wide individual differences in absolute values among women. The correlations between estradiol, progesterone and testosterone and the subjective and objective assessments of arousability were mainly low and insignificant. Some evidence suggestive of a relation between testosterone and sexual arousability was observed with three subgroups of woman were formed on the basis of relative average testosterone concentrations. PMID- 7255633 TI - Themes of interaction in medical students' Rorschach responses as predictors of midlife health or disease. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine variations in individual approaches to human relationships among members of a cohort of healthy medical students as revealed by their Rorschach Tests, and to explore the association between the assessed youthful relationship potential and midlife health or illness. In particular, the relationship potential among future cancer victims was found to differ significantly form that of their fellow students who remained healthy or who developed a cardiovascular disorder, but resembled that of those men who later became mentally ill or committed suicide. These prospective findings appear to fit with several retrospective reports stressing the role of human relationships as a psychological factor in the development of cancer. PMID- 7255634 TI - Characteristics of erectile dysfunction as a function of medical care system entry point. AB - The scientific literature on the treatment of penile erectile dysfunction contains numerous contradictory reports on the relative frequency of organic causes of impotence and the treatment results of behavioral sex therapy. One explanation for these contradictory findings is the hypothesis that different investigators are studying different subsamples of the symptomatic population. This study investigated differences in characteristics of men who initially consulted a urologist with a complaint of impotence versus those who self referred themselves to a sexual dysfunction clinic. Self-referred sexual dysfunction patients were more often white, more often had psychogenic etiologies to their difficulties, were more often of higher socioeconomic class, and had a much better response to psychological interventions. This study suggests that future studies concerning the etiology and treatment of impotence need to specify population characteristics such as referral source and screening criteria. It may be necessary to develop alternative treatment techniques for men who present to nonpsychiatric sources for help with psychogenic impotence. PMID- 7255635 TI - Cortisol secretion in relation to age in major depression. AB - Twenty-five unmedicated hospitalized patients, ages 26-64, with severe major depressive disorders, endogenous subtype, were evaluated both clinically and endocrinologically. Although measures reflecting cortisol secretion did not correlate with symptom dimensions and diagnostic subtypes, we did find a significant relationship between cortisol secretion and age during endogenous depressive illness; this included the mean 24 hour plasma cortisol, assessed by sampling every 30 minutes for 24 hours, as well as other single plasma cortisol assessments on other days. After clinical recovery, when plasma cortisol levels returned to normal, there was no significant relationship between cortisol secretion and age. Replication is required of this apparent interaction among age, depressive illness, and cortisol secretion. The result may relate to the proposed role of brain noradrenalin in tonically inhibiting cortisol secretion, the decline of hypothalamic noradrenalin with age, and the hypothesized deficit in depressive illness. PMID- 7255636 TI - Comparative studies of psychological function in patients with advanced cancer. II. Interviewer-rated current and past psychological symptoms. AB - This study compared psychologic function, especially depression, in patients with advanced cancer and in sociodemographically matched, physically healthy patients who had recently attempted suicide. A companion study examined self-report of depressive symptoms; the present study relied on a semistructured interview technique. Eighty patients who were hospitalized on a research oncology ward for treatment of disseminated cancer, acute leukemia, Stage IV Hodgkin's disease, or myeloma were compared by means of the Current and Past Psychopathology Scales (CAPPS) to 80 patients hospitalized on a psychiatric unit for attempted suicide. Interviewer ratings yielded scores on eight scales characterizing each patient's psychologic adjustment during the past month and 18 scales characterizing adjustment prior to the present illness (cancer or suicide attempt). Results showed that by both self-report and observer report, cancer patients wee less depressed and anxious in the past month than the psychiatric group. Approximately one-third on the cancer patients were significantly depressed, depending on the measure used; one-seventh had experienced some suicidal ideation. Cancer patients were better adjusted in the past than the comparison group; however, the cancer patients who were presently most depressed were those who had a prior history of depression and had shown a tendency to brood. Among cancer patients who died during the study period, no correlation between severity of depression and nearness to death could be found. Findings supported use of denial of dysphoric emotions by the cancer patients, but little denial of the diagnosis or the need to accept treatment. Despite stress of advanced illness and threat to life, cancer patient's reality testing and social role performance were superior to that of the suicide attempters, and on the average they had less disturbance of affect and cognition. PMID- 7255637 TI - Behavioral treatment of high blood pressure. I. Analyses of intra- and interdaily variations of blood pressure during a one-month, baseline period. AB - A group of 125 patients was enrolled in a study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of two behavioral treatments of high blood pressure, "relaxation' and systolic blood pressure "biofeedback." All patients monitored their pressures three times daily and also had their pressures recorded by a health professional weekly for a one-month, baseline period. This article reports only the results form the baseline period. The main findings are: 1) extensive self-monitoring of blood pressure is feasible and practical; 2) systolic pressure rises throughout the day, but is highest in the afternoon; 3) diastolic pressure falls form morning to evening, but is highest in the afternoon; 4) intradaily range of systolic but not diastolic blood pressure is higher among women than among men; 5) both systolic and diastolic pressures fall throughout the first 3 weeks; 6) standard deviations and ranges of self-determined blood pressures are highly intercorrelated; however, changes in professionally measured blood pressures are poorly correlated with these indices of blood pressure lability; 7) systolic pressure levels, rates of decline throughout the baseline period and lability indices are correlated with age, but comparable measures of diastolic blood pressure are not correlated with age. PMID- 7255639 TI - Factitious disorder vs malingering. PMID- 7255638 TI - Denial in dialysis patients: relationship to compliance and other variables. AB - Denial has been documented as an important defense mechanism to helping the chronically ill cope with their disease. With respect to a dialysis population, however, the role of denial has been ambiguous. The purpose of this study were 1) to examine the physiological and psychological correlates of denial in a dialysis population and 2)( to examine the relationship between use of denial and compliance to fluid restrictions. Subjects were 46 self- and limited-care dialysis patients. From this subject pool two groups were derived, based upon weight gains between treatments: complies (N=15) and noncompliers(N=16). Both physiological and psychological data were correlated with denial as measured by the Marlow-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Results indicated that denial is used a great deal in dialysis patients, but there was no difference in denial scores between compliers and noncompliers. For compliers, however, denial was correlated with more adaptive attitudes toward illness. The results have implication for the clinical management of dialysis patients. PMID- 7255642 TI - Development and function of a psychiatric liaison clinic. PMID- 7255641 TI - The neurologic examination in geriatric psychiatry. PMID- 7255640 TI - Approaches to altering the type A behavior pattern. PMID- 7255643 TI - Suicide and epilepsy: a review of the literature. PMID- 7255644 TI - Treatment of essential hyperhidrosis by psychotherapy. PMID- 7255645 TI - The body as enemy in obese patients: physician entanglement. PMID- 7255647 TI - "Supporting services" for people with severe drink problems. PMID- 7255646 TI - The fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7255648 TI - Community medicine: a revised prescription. PMID- 7255649 TI - Community physicians as learners. PMID- 7255651 TI - Fluoridation. A clinical survey in Corby and Scunthorpe. PMID- 7255650 TI - Regional variations in perineonatal mortality. PMID- 7255652 TI - Blood pressure and social class. PMID- 7255653 TI - Poor distant vision in post-primary school in Benin City. PMID- 7255654 TI - Physician manpower: GMENAC and afterwards. PMID- 7255655 TI - The demographic dimensions of health manpower policy. PMID- 7255656 TI - A decentralized rehabilitation program for chronic airway obstruction disease patients in small urban and rural areas of Wisconsin: a preliminary report. PMID- 7255657 TI - The use of socioeconomic data to predict teenage birth rates. An exploratory study in Massachusetts. AB - In an exploratory study of adolescent fertility in 24 Massachusetts cities, age specific birth rates constructed specifically for the study constituted the dependable variables. Data from the 1980 U.S. Census provided the independent socioeconomic variables for the analysis. The relationships between birth rates and these independent variables were explored through simple and partial correlation analyses. Results of the analyses confirm the assumption that rates of birth to teenagers vary systematically in relation to socioeconomic variables. They also confirm at the macro level the results of several earlier household survey showing an association between family income on the one hand, and adolescent sexual activity, contraception, and abortion on the other. In the current study, economic variables, particularly the median income of all families in the community, were found to be highly significant predictors of fertility among adolescents 15 to 19 years of age. The fertility of the generation to which the teenagers' mothers belonged (that is, women 35 to 44 years old) was also significantly associated with the teenagers' birth rates. The results for teenage mothers 15 through 17 years old and teenage mothers 18 and 19 years old were similar. PMID- 7255658 TI - Observations on the relation of environmental and behavioral factors to the occurrence of otitis media among Indian children. AB - Studies were conducted to assess the relation of environmental and behaviora factors to occurrence of acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM) among four populations of Indian children in Arizona. Episodes of ASOM were recorded for 1,428 children observed during the first year of life. Data obtained on the households and premises of these children included number of persons in the household, number of sleeping rooms, type of water supply and sewage disposal, type of heating and cooling, availability of electricity, method of infant feeding, distance to a health facility, and mother's education. The rates of ASOM for the four populations ranged from 1.1 to 2.2 attacks per child and differed significantly from each other, with one exception. The differences between populations apparently were not related to any of the factors evaluated. Additional analyses to evaluate the association of each factor with occurrence of ASOM included (a) a comparison of rates among children living in homes having each factor with rates among children living in homes lacking the factor, (b) a comparison of the frequency of each factor in homes of children who had no recorded attacks of ASOM with the frequency in homes of children who had three or more attacks (high-risk children), and (c) an evaluation of the relation between frequency of encounters for ASOM and the environmental factors. Results did not indicate that any environmental or behavioral factor observed was consistently or strongly associated with either the incidence of ASOM or the frequency of attacks. Similarly, no differences were apparent in the frequency of adverse environmental conditions in homes of infants with contrasting rates of ASOM. Rates of ASOM during the first year of life were not associated with either the presence or the absence of adverse environmental conditions. PMID- 7255659 TI - Increased leukemia, lymphoma, and spontaneous abortion in Western New York following a flood disaster. AB - The New York State Department of Health was asked in September 1978 of investigate a cluster of leukemias and lymphomas in a rural town in western New York State of less than 1,000 people. Four cases of these diseases had been diagnosed in the town's population in the previous 10 months. Residents were concerned about environmental hazards such as background radiation and contamination of their water supply. A total environmental study of the area was not feasible or warranted, but certain environmental studies of the area were conducted. No environmental health hazards were identified. Incidence rates for towns in the four-county area (population 281,000) surrounding the study town were analyzed, based on data from the New York State Cancer Registry. These four counties had been severely affected by the flood following the 1972 Hurricane Agnes. Examination of annual leukemia and lymphoma incidence rates for these counties for 1966--77 revealed that the rates for towns in the river valley (population 102,000), but not for nonriver-valley towns, were 20 to 50 percent above the statewide rates for 1972--77. All other cancer rates remained level throughout both periods. An analysis of spontaneous abortion rates for the four counties for 1968--77 showed a significant peak in 1973, but not for the rest of upstate New York. The peak was concentrated in the towns in the river valley. The apparent time-space cluster of leukemias and lymphomas in conjunction with a marked increase in the spontaneous abortion rate suggests an unidentified flood related environmental exposure. PMID- 7255660 TI - Predicting school nurse involvement in meeting sexuality related needs of youth in New Jersey. PMID- 7255661 TI - Issues encountered in an attempt to implement a second-generation management information system. AB - Human service organization are beset by internal and external requests for information. As the scale and complexity of such delivery systems has increased, the use of computer-based information systems has become a necessity. The evolution of a client information system in a large, decentralized mental health center is reviewed in this paper to illustrate several critical issues that can be encountered in the application of computer-based technology to human services. An analysis of the center's existing information system and the development of the data forms and procedures necessary for a second-generation system to meet information needs revealed the unique data structure and analysis problems of human service delivery systems. These problems were complicated by regulatory agencies' imposition of external reporting requirements that frequently were unpredictable and inconsistent. Finally, planning and negotiations with the participation of all involved parties demonstrated that formal and informal administrative constraints and conflicting interests within human service organizations must be accommodated or a system may fail. All of these factors combine to highlight both the problems and the need for highly flexible multipurpose information systems. PMID- 7255662 TI - Revoking federal qualification of an HMO: what process is due? PMID- 7255664 TI - A Monte Carlo treatment of the decay of 125I. PMID- 7255663 TI - Reduction in proliferative life span of human diploid cells after exposure to a reactor radiation beam. PMID- 7255665 TI - Cytological studies in mouse testis irradiated with 2.45-GHz continuous-wave microwaves. PMID- 7255666 TI - Hyperthermic potentiation of the effects of a clinically significant X-ray dose on cell survival, DNA damage, and DNA repair. PMID- 7255667 TI - The induction and repair of DNA breaks in rat epidermis irradiated with electrons. PMID- 7255668 TI - Comparative effects of fission neutron and X irradiation on 7.5-day mouse embryos. PMID- 7255670 TI - Repair in mouse lung after split doses of X rays. PMID- 7255669 TI - Survival of murine epithelioma cells exposed at various positions to pions produced by the cyclotron at TRIUMF. PMID- 7255671 TI - The importance of intratumor temperature uniformity in the study of radiosensitizing effects of hyperthermia in vivo. PMID- 7255672 TI - Plutonium retention in mice and rats after gastrointestinal absorption. PMID- 7255673 TI - Sequential exposures of mammalian cells to low- and high-LET radiations. I. Lethal effects following X-ray and neon-ion irradiation. PMID- 7255674 TI - ["Informing the cancer patient": psychological guidance for our cancer patients?]. PMID- 7255675 TI - [Analysis of radiobiological parameters of radiation therapy of local rectum carcinomas after preceding synchronization of the tumour cell cycle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255676 TI - [Radical axillary lymph node excision in surgery for breast cancer]. PMID- 7255677 TI - [The damaging effect of radiation on laryngeal cancers in relation to the dosage]. PMID- 7255678 TI - [On the problems of optimum dosage in radiation therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255679 TI - Tumour growth and cell doubling time. PMID- 7255680 TI - Influence of atropine on cystamine effects in rats: hemodynamics. PMID- 7255682 TI - [An attempt at objectifying myocardial findings in disease follow-up]. PMID- 7255681 TI - The value of the determination of serum thyroglobulin concentration in thyroid function disturbances. PMID- 7255683 TI - [Ejection fraction determination using a gamma camera after bolus passage or even distribution]. PMID- 7255684 TI - Ultrasound in oncology. PMID- 7255685 TI - [Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and barotraumatic pneumopathies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255687 TI - [Comparison of sonographic and scintigraphic results in hepatic diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255686 TI - [Percutaneous transluminar catheter angioplasty for nephroarterial stenoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255688 TI - [The radiological differential diagnosis of localized tumours of the pleura and the thoracic wall (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255690 TI - [Radiosemeiotics and regularities in the development of cartilaginous nodes on the lumbar vertebral bodies in infancy and adolescence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255689 TI - [Endoscopic radiological diagnosis of malignified polyps and papillomas in the colon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255692 TI - [Calcifications in the soft parts of the extremities examined by means of soft radiation technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255691 TI - [Is one-dimensional tomography in the area of the facial bones still justified? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255693 TI - [The value of image clarity for diagnostic quality in thoracic radiography]. PMID- 7255695 TI - [Measurement of check of entrance exposure dose rate of X-ray image intensifier television with dose rate control (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255694 TI - [Personal thermoluminescent dosimetry for determining the radiation dosage in children and adolescents in status X panoramic radiography in dental roentgen diagnosis]. PMID- 7255696 TI - Absorbed dose in "high filtration" xeromammography--an intercomparison. PMID- 7255699 TI - [Angiographic demonstration of anastomoses in the hilus of the liver (author's transl)]. AB - 141 angiographic examinations of the upper abdomen were made of a randomized group of patients to check the arterial supply of the liver, thus giving the opportunity to test anastomoses in the hilus of the liver and to find out their frequency. These vascular connections are of importance for surgical treatment as well as for angiotherapeutic procedures such as chemotherapy infusion or embolization of the hepatic artery. PMID- 7255698 TI - [Topographic radiologic anatomy of the right subcarinal and retrobronchial pulmonary recess (author's transl)]. AB - Depending on the size of the subcarinal and retrobronchial recess the medial wall of the right and perhaps the left main bronchus can be recognized. The medial extension of the recess is very variable. On lateral films with slight anterior rotation of the right shoulder, the posterior wall of the right main bronchus can be shown in 97% of patients. Awareness of this recess and its boundaries is essential for diagnosis of subcarinal and tracheobronchial node enlargement. The following 4 signs will assist in diagnosis: 1. The dorsal margin of enlarged nodes may be recognized posterior and inferior to the carina. 2. The posterior wall of the right main bronchus can no longer be seen. 3. The medial wall of the right main bronchus can no longer be seen. 4. Clearer demonstration of the right main bronchus or bronchus intermedius occurs, due to an "air bronchogram" effect. Due to the application of these 4 signs, enlargements of the subcarinal or tracheobronchial nodes can be recognized, at a stage where the tracheal bifurcation is not yet splayed, and when the nodes have not yet caused bronchostenosis. PMID- 7255697 TI - [Topographic anatomy of the mediastinum with special reference to cross-sectional diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - The plane through the anterior margin of the trachea and the main bronchi, and its continuation through the bronchopericardial membrane and dorsal wall of the pericardium, divides the mediastinum into an anterior and posterior compartment. The knowledge of the contained structures and the relations of the mediastinal organs, satisfies the requirements for assessment of horizontal sections. On this basis, demonstrations were made of typical cross-section views of the inferior, middle, and superior mediastinum. PMID- 7255700 TI - [Discographic demonstration of a posttraumatic transvertebral lumbar disc herniation (author's transl)]. AB - The differential-diagnostic and methodological difficulties in demonstrating rare traumatic lesions of the lumbar intervertebral discs are described, in which transvertebral herniation of the nucleus pulposus through the compressed vertebral body along the fracture lines take place. The diagnosis could only be established by transdural lumbar discography. The neuroradiological findings and the validity of lumbar discography in comparison to the other investigations of the lumbar spine with help of contrast material are discussed. PMID- 7255701 TI - [Is there good correlation between findings in lumbar myelography and surgery? (author's transl)]. AB - Report on 1177 lumbar myelograms performed in 1977 - with comparison of the surgical findings (in 854 patients operated on for herniated disc) with those of myelography. The results are: 86% correct and 9.5% incorrect preoperative myelographic diagnosis; in 4.5% an evaluation was not possible because of scars from previous surgery. Additionally, our technique of lumbar myelography is being described. PMID- 7255702 TI - [Rontgen Quiz. Appendicitis?]. PMID- 7255703 TI - Radiologic considerations of intensive care in the premature infant. Annual oration in honor of William Henry Neil, M.D., 1924-1972. AB - Radiology of the premature infant is a relatively new specialty in medicine. Most complications of intensive care in the premature infant are radiologically recognizable, and therefore are frequently first detected by the radiologist. Complications of umbilical catheterization and of pulmonary and cardiovascular systems, alimentary tract, skeletal system, and central nervous system are considered. Radiation exposure and cost of intensive care are also discussed. PMID- 7255706 TI - Lymphographic accuracy in 632 consecutive, previously untreated cases of Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. AB - The accuracy of lymphography was prospectively evaluated in a series of 632 consecutive, unselected patients with Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The cases were newly diagnosed and previously untreated. The following five parameters of lymphographic accuracy were achieved: sensitivity 91%, specificity 91%, overall accuracy 91%, accuracy of positive diagnosis 84%, and accuracy of negative diagnosis 95%. Before this useful imaging modality is prematurely abandoned, comparable studies of the accuracy of ultrasound and computed tomography, perhaps with a less extensive series, should be carried out. PMID- 7255704 TI - "Semi-invasive" pulmonary aspergillosis: a new look at the spectrum of aspergillus infections of the lung. AB - A chronic cavitary form of pulmonary aspergillosis may occur with mild immunosuppression or underlying lung disease. In this "semi-invasive" type, the fungus is intermediate between a simple saprophyte and an invasive pathogen. Aspergillus may produce extensive lung destruction despite the lack of vascular invasion. The absence of a previous cavity distinguishes such cases from secondary noninvasive mycetomas. Radiographic features include a chronic infiltrate, progressive cavitation, and subsequent mycetoma formation. Biopsy may be helpful; however, marked squamous metaplasia can produce false-positive Class V cytological findings even though malignancy is excluded. This variety of aspergillosis supports the concept that the traditional allergic, saprophytic, and invasive forms may represent a spectrum of disease dependent on host immune status and lung architecture. PMID- 7255705 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in patients with renal artery stenosis: follow-up studies. AB - Fifty renal artery stenoses in 38 hypertensive patients were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Follow-up over a period of 1 to 24 months (mean, 9 mo.), including angiography, renal vein renin determinations, and radionuclide flow studies, were performed in 24 patients (32 stenoses). The initial dilatation was successful in 90% of stenoses and redilatation was necessary in 22% with a success rate of 84%. The mean systolic pressure decreased by 65.83 mm Hg and the mean diastolic pressure by 35.88 mm Hg in response to the treatment. Sixteen patients were cured, 18 were felt to have better control of blood pressure on medication, and 4 were not helped. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty appears to be a technically feasible and clinically effective method of treating renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7255707 TI - The preauricular sulcus. AB - The preauricular sulcus of the iliac bone has been described by some as a characteristic of the female pelvis. The author investigated this possibility in a review of the pelvic radiographs of 100 men and 200 women. The results indicate that the preauricular sulcus is indeed a female characteristic which may be observed in approximately 25% of women. PMID- 7255708 TI - Teleradiology: an evaluation of a microcomputer-based system. AB - A laboratory evaluation of a microcomputer-based teleradiology system is described. The system used state-of-the-art hardware, and provided for contrast and brightness control by the consulting radiologists. The transmitted, digitized images were compared with conventional radiographs. The radiologists' scores for findings, impressions, and confidence levels were significantly lower for radiographic images viewed on the teleradiology system. However, the quality of the images provided by the teleradiology system was high enough to warrant further study, especially since microcomputer-based teleradiology offers the advantage of providing access to radiology services for rural areas and small hospitals. PMID- 7255710 TI - Prolapsing ectopic uretroceles in boys. AB - Five cases of prolapsing ectopic ureterocele are described. All five patients were boys and all had duplex kidneys; in four cases this duplication was bilateral. There was significant obstructive uropathy in all of the cases. It is easy to overlook the diagnosis of prolapsing ectopic ureterocele or to misdiagnose the condition as posterior urethral valves. The importance of careful cystourethrographic evaluation is emphasized. PMID- 7255712 TI - Cystic meconium peritonitis. AB - Meconium peritonitis occasionally occurs as a localized collection of meconium contained in a cyst made of fibrous granulation tissue. The cyst may contain only meconium or also encase loops of bowel. One such case is reported. PMID- 7255709 TI - Teleradiology in northern Quebec. AB - A two-way television network using the Canadian satellite ANIK-B was utilized to transmit radiographic images from Northern Quebec to Montreal. The accuracy of the radiologist's interpretation and his satisfaction with the TV system were studied using a series of 67 preselected cases and 425 current clinical cases. The four participating radiologists gave correct TV interpretations in 81% of the 39 selected cases presented at the beginning of the experiment. This value reached 94% for the other 28 selected cases presented after three months of regular use of the TV system. With current clinical cases, the agreement between TV and direct interpretations was 93%. Although magnification was available, correct identification of very small lesions proved to be the major source of error. On the whole, the radiologists were satisfied with the TV system. PMID- 7255711 TI - Posterior mediastinal masses secondary to lymphadenitis from esophagitis. AB - Two cases of children with posterior mediastinal masses due to esophagitis and lymphadenitis are presented. Both patients had gastroesophageal reflux, and in both the mediastinal masses regressed with antireflux therapy. Radiographically, the masses simulated a neurogenic tumor in one patient and an esophageal duplication in a second patient. PMID- 7255713 TI - Calcified portal vein thromboemboli in infants: radiography and ultrasonography. AB - Calcified portal vein thromboemboli (CPVT) in six neonates are reported. Three of the infants had multiple chromosomal abnormalities. Ultrasonography was performed in one patient to confirm the intrahepatic location of the calcification. CPVT, which are usually incidental observations on abdominal radiographs in neonates, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of calcifications limited to the hepatic area. These lesions are usually peripheral, and seem to be associated with multiple anomalies in infants. Ultrasonography is useful in demonstrating the intrahepatic and peripheral location of these calcifications. PMID- 7255714 TI - CT scanning in rhinocerebral mucormycosis and aspergillosis. AB - Patients with rhinocerebral mucormycosis and rhinocerebral aspergillosis had computed tomography (CT) as well as other studies. Characteristic sinus involvement was demonstrated by CT and conventional tomography, but the latter produced a better image of bone destruction. CT was clearly superior in demonstrating orbital involvement, the most common of which included lateral displacement of a thickened medial rectus muscle, increased density of the orbital apex, and often enlargement of the optic nerve. Orbital venography and carotid arteriography were diagnostically helpful. Recognition of the characteristic pattern of sinus and orbital involvement should be helpful in leading to early biopsy and treatment. PMID- 7255715 TI - Computed tomographic findings in cerebral sinus and venous thrombosis. AB - Cerebral sinus and venous thrombosis were diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) and subsequently confirmed by other studies in eleven patients. CT revealed normal or small ventricles, hemorrhages, low-density areas, and increased density of dural sinuses and tentorium. CT in combination with appropriate angiographic studies is necessary for diagnosis and confirmation of sinus and venous thrombosis. Proper use of CT can result in decreased morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. PMID- 7255716 TI - Computed tomography of deep cerebral venous thrombosis in children. AB - Three cases of deep cerebral venous thrombosis in children are presented, and the cranial computed tomographic (CT) findings and angiographic findings reviewed. Two patients had findings indicative of brain death at the time of initial CT examination. The third patient recovered without neurological sequelae. Noncontrast-enhanced CT examinations showed abnormally dense-appearing deep venous structures, mimicking a contrast-enhanced study. On the arteriogram the deep venous system failed to opacify, and multiple collaterals to the superficial venous system were formed. PMID- 7255717 TI - Radiology of cerebral vein occlusion without dural sinus occlusion. AB - The angiographic findings in eight patients having cerebral vein occlusion without dural sinus occlusion are presented. The role of other radiologic examinations is discussed. Occlusive disease involving the dural venous sinuses and/or cerebral veins is a more frequent cause of cerebral symptoms than is generally assumed. An increased awareness of the variable clinical and computed tomographic manifestations is recommended, with liberal recourse to more definitive angiography in suspected cases. PMID- 7255719 TI - Computed tomography of gastric neoplasms. AB - The authors analyzed the clinical and CT findings in 100 normal subjects and 31 patients with gastric disease to determine the significance of thickening of the gastric wall. Ninety per cent of the normal individuals had a wall thickness less than 1 cm with adequate distension of the lumen. Twenty-nine of the 31 patients with gastric disease (94%) had a wall thickness greater than 1 cm. Adenocarcinoma and lymphoma could not be reliably distinguished based solely on the pattern of gastric wall involvement, although most lymphomas had a lobular luminal contour while advanced adenocarcinomas had flattened inner margins. All 4 leiomyosarcomas were seen as large extragastric masses, and some had calcification or central necrosis. CT was helpful in assessing metastatic spread in 25 patients. While it could not distinguish between neoplastic and inflammatory disease or among histological types of tumor, it was a sensitive detector of gastric disease. PMID- 7255720 TI - Computed tomography of suspected caval thrombosis secondary to proximal extension of phlebitis from the leg. AB - While computed tomography (CT) is an accepted procedure for investigation of the inferior vena cava (IVC), little attention has been given to its use in IVC thrombosis secondary to proximal extension of thrombi within the lower venous system. Four cases are presented and several advantages of CT over standard contrast examinations are given. PMID- 7255718 TI - Initial results with prereconstruction dual-energy computed tomography (PREDECT). AB - Prereconstruction dual-energy computed tomography (PREDECT) produces rigorously exact reconstructions that accurately separate the total attenuation coefficient into two values, representing the Compton and photoelectric contributions. The images are obtained without polychromatic distortion and with an acceptable dose. PREDECT was used to scan objects and solutions of varying atomic number and electron density, specimens of normal and pathologic brain and other body tissues, and nine patients. The values for Compton and photoelectric attenuation of the different specimens were distinctive enough to provide "tissue signatures" of potential clinical usefulness. Eight of the nine patients studied provided acceptable images, which produced some tissue characterization. PREDECT appears to represent an advance over the previously used postreconstruction methods; areas of greatest potential are differential diagnosis, improved detection of abnormalities, and elimination of the polychromatic artifact. PMID- 7255721 TI - The direct visualization of blood flow by real-time ultrasound: clinical observations and underlying mechanisms. AB - The observation of spontaneous low-amplitude echoes from the blood in the larger blood vessels has not been satisfactorily explained. In vitro experiments were performed to study flowing and stationary blood by ultrasound. In both cases numerous low-level echoes were seen in blood and suspensions of washed red cells. No echoes were observed in plasma or solutions of hemoglobin. It was concluded that the red blood cells is the most likely scattering agent responsible for the contrast effect observed clinically. PMID- 7255722 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of patients with acute right upper quadrant pain. AB - To define the role of ultrasound in evaluating acute right upper quadrant pain, a prospective study was performed on 52 patients having clinically suspected acute cholecystitis. Ultrasonographic determination of acute or chronic cholecystitis, or diagnosis of a normal gallbladder, was based on analysis of location of tenderness, calculi, sludge, and wall thickness. The diagnosis of acute cholecystitis (34.6% of patients) was based on the highly significant observations of focal gallbladder tenderness and calculi. Sludge and wall thickening were also statistically significant, but to a lesser degree. Cholelithiasis allowed differentiation of patients with chronic cholecystitis (32.7%) from patients with normal gallbladders (32.7%). Neither of these two groups had significant focal gallbladder tenderness, sludge, or thickened walls. Because acute cholecystitis is found in the minority of patients with acute right upper quadrant pain, and because ultrasound is rapid, accurate, and noninvasive, it should be the initial modality used to evaluate these patients. PMID- 7255724 TI - Prolapse of the amniotic sac ("hourglass membranes"): ultrasound appearance. AB - Prolapse of the amniotic sac through the partially dilated cervical os in pregnancy is called "hourglass membranes." Ultrasonography may be useful in identifying the presenting fetal or intra-uterine parts within the bulging membranes. PMID- 7255723 TI - Sonographic findings in complicated peptic ulcer. AB - The sonographic findings in 7 patients with complicated peptic ulcer are reported. Of 4 patients with perforated ulcers, 2 had a subphrenic fluid collection, 1 had subhepatic extraluminal fluid, and 1 had an inflammatory mass in the gallbladder fossa. The ulcer penetrated into the liver in 1 and the pancreas in 2. The sinus tract between the duodenum and the liver could be seen. The patients with penetrating ulcer had a solid mass indistinguishable from other solid pancreatic masses. PMID- 7255725 TI - Ultrasonography of partial hydatidiform mole. AB - Partial hydatidiform mole differs from complete mole by its focal distribution, its slower transformation, the presence of an embryo or fetus, and the triploid karyotype. Nineteen pathologically proved cases are presented. Partial mole can be diagnosed by a combination of the following sonographic findings: (a) greatly enlarged placenta relative to the size of the uterine cavity, (b) cystic spaces within the placenta ("molar placenta"), which may not always be present, (c) an amniotic cavity (gestational sac), either empty or containing amorphous fetal echoes, and (d) a well-formed but growth-retarded fetus, either dead or alive. PMID- 7255726 TI - Radiation dose in mammography: an energy-balance approach. AB - An energy-balance approach for calculation of mean, integral, and midpoint doses in mammography is introduced. Estimation of mean absorbed dose for individual applications is described. Differences in breast composition and thickness are accounted for by simple measurements of entrance and exit exposures. Calculations made for a range of xeromammographic techniques used at various breast cancer detection centers show that although increasing the beam h.v.l. dramatically decreases breast surface exposure, it is insignificant in lowering mean breast dose or radiation risk. Thus selection of a moderate h.v.l. to optimize image quality (soft-tissue contrast) in xeromammography may be more beneficial than unduly increasing h.v.l. merely to reduce surface exposure. The mean breast dose per mammogram with low-h.v.l. screen-film techniques was 3 to 9 times lower than for xeromammography, suggesting that general acceptance of screen-film techniques can significantly reduce the risk associated with mammography. PMID- 7255728 TI - Single-visit oral cholecystography for inpatients. AB - A new one-day medication schedule for single-visit oral cholecystography is described, using both Telepaque (iopanoic acid) tablets and Oragrafin Sodium (sodium ipodate) capsules. A definitive report is rendered at the first sitting; no repeat studies are performed. Preliminary results in 45 patients demonstrate the accuracy of this technique. One-day medication makes single-visit oral cholecystography suitable for hospitalized patients. PMID- 7255727 TI - Performance of automatic exposure controls when used with rare-earth intensifying screens. AB - The performance of four phototiming systems was evaluated for use with six different intensifying screens. Phototimer response was studied as a function of patient thickness, kVp, field size, and exposure time. Each system demonstrated a sufficient range of sensitivity to produce acceptable film densities with all screens using an average-sized phantom; three systems produced overexposures of thin phantoms with almost all screens. With each phototimer, the kVp response for most screens was similar, allowing the use of a single kVp-compensating circuit. Exposure times had to be twice the minimum response time to avoid overexposure. PMID- 7255729 TI - Radiopaque liposomes: a promising new contrast material for computed tomography of the spleen. AB - Radiopaque, positively charged liposomes were made from lecithin, cholesterol, and stearylamine and carried diatrizoic acid salts (Renografin). Following intravenous administration of radiopaque liposomes in rats and rabbits, the spleen had the highest iodine concentration and was opacified on CT images. Contrast concentrations peaked at 30 minutes and gradually declined over a period of 24 hours. At 30 minutes, spleen CT values in rats had increased by 2.9 HU for each milligram of injected iodine (4 mg I/kg); maximum values were more than 6 times those obtained with an equivalent amount of Renografin alone. Peak spleen CT numbers of over 100 HU were consistently achieved following injections of 133 mg I/kg of opaque liposomes in rats. No acute toxicity was observed. These new contrast agents seem promising for CT of the spleen. PMID- 7255730 TI - Ureteric jet effect: the echographic appearance of urine entering the bladder. A means of identifying the bladder trigone and assessing ureteral function. AB - In real-time ultrasound examinations of six women, jets of urine were noted to enter the bladder during the filling phase. The jets appeared at irregular intervals, and each jet lasted from a fraction of a second up to three seconds. The ureters functioned independently of each other. The flow characteristics of the urine jets were examined with a pulsed Doppler system, and Doppler wave spectral analysis was performed. Possible causes for the ultrasonographic appearance of these jets and their clinical relevance are discussed. PMID- 7255731 TI - Effect of bladder distension on dosimetry in gynecological implants. AB - In order to quantitate the impact of bladder distension on implant position and on radiation dosage to various parts of the bladder, 24 patients with gynecological neoplasms underwent computed tomographic scanning of the pelvis following insertion of afterloading intracavitary applicators. Shifting of the applicators due to bladder distension was measured at and two inches above the level of the vaginal ovoids. By maintaining a residual vesical volume of 200-300 ml with contrast material, radiation exposure to a large part of the bladder was reduced significantly while only a minor displacement of the implant system was noted. PMID- 7255734 TI - Centralized, automated chemical-delivery system. AB - The authors describe the design of a dispensing system which supplies chemicals to ten widely dispersed film processors from centralized bulk-storage feed tanks. Features include a safety circuit which disables a faulty processor in the event of pump malfunction and centralized monitoring of the developer-tank temperature for each processor. PMID- 7255732 TI - An added quality-control measurement for fluoroscopic x-ray systems. AB - Six fluoroscopic systems were evaluated to determine if improvements in imaging could be achieved. In four of the systems, improved contrast perceptibility could be obtained through adjustment and lowering of the image-intensifier input exposure rates (IIIER). The other two systems required no change or an increase in the IIIER. PMID- 7255733 TI - Lightweight cassette for mobile-unit radiography. AB - The authors have developed a cassette system for mobile-unit radiography, using a soft-vinyl cassette in a Lucite housing faced with aluminum. This system performs as well as conventional radiographic cassettes and weighs approximately one-half to one-third as much. PMID- 7255736 TI - Computed tomography of the heart. PMID- 7255737 TI - The pulmonary aspergilloses: three distinct entities or a spectrum of disease. AB - The fungus Aspergillus can cause any of three clinical presentations--invasive aspergillosis, mycetoma, or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis--or a disease process in which one of these entities overlaps with another process such as mucoid impaction, eosinophilic pneumonia, bronchocentric granulomatosis, "farmer's lung," or asthma. More than one form of the disease may be present at the same time; in addition, limited invasion may occur even in "noninvasive" forms of the disease, and the clinical and pathological aspects of allergic aspergillosis are often indistinguishable from those of unrelated allergic conditions. Thus it is no longer possible to compartmentalize the various types of pulmonary aspergillosis into exclusive forms of the disease; rather, the radiologist should be aware that various factors can modify the mode of growth of the fungus as well as the patient's response. PMID- 7255735 TI - Use of sidelights for patient positioning in nuclear medicine imaging. PMID- 7255738 TI - Quality of pig meat for fresh consumption. Report to the Commission of the European Communities. PMID- 7255739 TI - [Genetic manipulation. IV. Isolation of mRNA and preparation of cDNA]. PMID- 7255742 TI - [Metabolism of biogenic amines and related enzymes]. PMID- 7255740 TI - [Biogenic amines and biological control]. PMID- 7255741 TI - [Progress in biochemical studies for biogenic amines]. PMID- 7255744 TI - Dissociation between renal medullary PGE2-synthesis and urine PGE2-excretion. Antagonism by bumetanide of chlorazanil induced urine PGE2-excretion in rats. AB - Normal conscious female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with chlorazanil (3 mg/kg i.p.), and urine was collected for 3 hours. Urine prostaglandin E2 excretion increased from 25 +/- 3 to 271 +/- 32 ng/kg/3 h. The enhancement of urine PGE2-excretion was inhibited by pretreatment with bumetanide (75 mg/kg p.o.). In separate experiments the papillary quantity of PGE2 was determined in freshly homogenized tissue. The basal level (14 +/- 2 ng PGE2/papilla) was increased by chlorazanil to 51 +/- 11 ng PGE2/papilla and 24 +/- 7 ng PGE2/papilla at one and two hours respectively after drug administration. The capacity of chlorazanil to increase medullary PGE2 accumulation was unaffected by bumetanide pretreatment. The results show that bumetanide dissociated the medullary PGE2 level from the excretion of PGE2 in urine, when the former was elevated by chlorazanil. PMID- 7255743 TI - Relative contracting and relaxing potencies of a series of prostaglandins on isolated canine mesenteric artery strips. AB - The contracting and relaxing potencies of and interactions between a number of prostaglandins (PGs) were studied in vitro on spiral strips of small canine mesenteric arteries (outside diameter less than 1 mm). PGF2 alpha and PGE2, the most potent contracting PGs, were nearly equal in potency (EC50 4 x 10(-7) M) and did not cause relaxation under our experimental conditions. PGI2 and PGE1 were equal and the most potent relaxing PGs (EC50 3 x 10(-9) M). PGE1 also caused contraction, but this effect was not consistent. PGI2 did not cause contraction in concentrations up to 3 x 10(-6) M. In higher concentrations, however, it caused abrupt and near maximal contraction. PGD2 was weak in both respects, causing incomplete relaxation and contraction or biphasic effects. Interaction studies showed that PGE1 and PGI2 mutually excluded the relaxing effects of each other. PGE1 also reversed the relaxing effect of isoproterenol. However, pre exposure to PGD2 did not attenuate the relaxing effect of PGE1 or PGI2 nor was the relaxing effect of PGD2 changed by pre-exposure to PGE1. Two different orders of potency of PGs suggest two PG receptors subserving contraction and relaxation, respectively. Further, it appears that several PGs can act upon both receptors which may explain unusual interactions between the PGs and some of their atypical effects. Finally, the data also suggest that there may be subtypes of the PG receptors subserving contraction and relaxation. PMID- 7255745 TI - A route to tritium labelled 11-methyl prostaglandins. AB - Labelled 11-methyl prostaglandins have been prepared via the catalytic tritium reduction of 11-iodomethyl intermediates. Two examples are reported for the preparation of such 11-iodomethyl precursors in which the desired lower side chain is attached in non-radioactive steps. Subsequent tritium hydrogenolysis of the 11-iodomethyl lactones followed by addition of the delta 5 cis-double bond yielded prostaglandins having specific activities of 10-15 Ci/mmol. PMID- 7255747 TI - Depressive syndromes in middle age and organic brain disease. AB - 41 patients with a depressive syndrome in middle age (mean age 55 years) were investigated. 19 of them had purely monopolar depressive syndromes without any organic features; 22 patients had a depressive syndrome associated with an organic brain disease (11 vascular, 11 primary degenerative disease). In all patients psychiatric and neurological investigations, a WAIS test, an EEG and a computer tomography were performed. The clinical findings were significantly different in both groups of depression but there was still a considerable overlap of symptoms. The EEG was inconclusive, the psychological test (WAIS) and the computer tomography showed the clearest separation between the organic and the nonorganic depressions leaving only 10% of inconclusive findings. Therefore, it may be concluded that the differential diagnosis of organic or nonorganic depressive syndrome in middle age cannot be made on the basis of one investigation on its own but on the combined results of clinical, functional, and morphological examinations. PMID- 7255746 TI - 5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-indole acetic acid, a metabolite and alkali hydrolysis product of indomethacin, inhibits platelet aggregation, in vivo. AB - Previous studies suggested that one of the hydrolysis products of indomethacin, either 4-chlorobenzoic acid or 5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-indole acetic acid, can inhibit platelet aggregation in vivo. If correct, this hypothesis explains the apparent action of indomethacin dissolved at high pH where hydrolysis rapidly occurs. Moreover, if the indole is the active product, the hypothesis in addition suggests a possible role for the indole following the use of indomethacin dissolved at lower pH, since the indole is also an important natural metabolite of indomethacin in man. We induced platelet aggregation in cerebral and mesenteric microvessels and inhibited this aggregation with the indole (25 mg/kg i.p. one hour before test). The 4-chlorobenzoic acid was inactive. The indole had a modest but statistically significant inhibitory effect in vitro, when added to platelet rich plasma stimulated to aggregate by arachidonic acid (0.5 mM). Thus the action of indomethacin dissolved at high pH is explained, and a pharmacologic action of a metabolite of indomethacin becomes a possibility. PMID- 7255748 TI - [Phenomenology and psychodynamics of patients with so-called "hard" and "soft" methods of suicide. A comparison]. AB - 88 patients with "soft" and "hard" methods of suicide attempts are compared and described. The results show several differences between both groups of patients: (1) In the choice of a "soft" method painlessness played a superior role. Patients who had chosen a "hard" method were far less sensitive to pain, or the experience of pain had extensively faded. (2) Men with "hard" methods seemed to be more needy than men with "soft" methods. (3) Men and women of the "hard" group (preponderantly wrist cutters) showed a stronger and earlier beginning of conflict denial than patients of the "soft" group. Therefore, immediate crisis intervention seems to be especially indicated. (4) Attention should be drawn to the countertransfferance reactions of helpers in contact with patients who had employed different methods of suicide attempts. PMID- 7255749 TI - Transcultural aspects of depressive symptomatology. AB - The following is a presentation of the first results of a cross-cultural study of depressive symptomatology, within the framework of a larger research project which is still in progress. Southern Italian and northern Swedish depressed patients completed a self-rating scale for depression and were rated by the doctors using a subscale of the Comprehensive Psychological Rating Scale. In the doctors' ratings Italian patients scored higher for variables referring to motor retardation and hypochondriasis, and Swedish patients for variables referring to inability to feel and agitation. These findings were in line with expectations. In contrast, in the self-ratings Swedish patients scored higher for the variables weight loss, tachycardia and agitation and Italian patients for hopelessness and loss of interest and dissatisfaction. This discrepancy between results in self ratings and doctors' ratings might reflect cultural differences either in the way patients in the two countries are able to express verbally their symptoms or in the way doctors from the two countries give weight to different symptoms. Taking the results of the two ratings together as a general measure of the severity of the depressive disorder, patients in the two places appeared to be quite alike. Since the two centers are engaged in comprehensive investigations of depressed patients, the last-mentioned finding suggests that the populations in the two centers are comparable as concerns severity. PMID- 7255750 TI - A study of impulse control in the borderline patient. AB - This study focuses on the ego function of impulse control in the borderline patient. An attempt is made to ascertain whether the borderline patient is characterized by an obvious defect in this area, and whether this defect can distinguish the borderline patient from other groups of patients. 94 schizophrenics, 34 borderline patients and 21 patients with character disorders admitted to the psychiatry service at a Veterans Administration hospital were compared. The conclusion was that there was an obvious defect in impulse control in the borderline group, quantitatively different from the character disorder group, and qualitatively different from the schizophrenic group. PMID- 7255752 TI - The form of the information and selective counting by ESN(M) pupils. PMID- 7255751 TI - Psychophysiology of the reaction time experiment: a factor analytic approach. AB - A principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation was applied to behavioral and physiological data from a group of 25 subjects comprising normals and depressives, in whom event-related slow brain potentials were recorded during performance of a fixed foreperiod, reaction time task. Five of the seven factors thus evinced were labelled 'activation', 'inhibition', 'resilience', 'depressivity-neuroticism' and 'extraversion', the remaining two factors being related to arousal in an unspecified manner. Although no clear-cut partitioning of variance into trait, state and task-related components was achieved, the contention is advanced that measurement of these factors and their patterning might contribute to psychophysiological diagnosis, provided they are substantiated by further research. PMID- 7255753 TI - Patients for life forms sui generis: some new questions for science, law and society. PMID- 7255754 TI - The role of the Food and Drug Administration in the regulation of the products of recombinant DNA technology. AB - We emphasize again that the FDA will regulate each product according to the relevant statute and will apply those quality assurance standards necessary to assure safety for foods, and safety and efficacy for other products. We are also sensitive to continuing public concern about the environmental consequences of this technology. What-ever the outcome of our review, the FDA will attempt to regulate responsibly with appropriate concern for our two major constituencies- the public and the industry. PMID- 7255755 TI - Bacterial factor with gonadotropin activity. PMID- 7255756 TI - Excerpts from a National Conference on Recombinant DNA and the Federal Government. Department of Health and Human Services perspective. PMID- 7255757 TI - Excerpts from a National Conference on Recombinant DNA and the Federal Government. U.S. Congress: congressional attitudes on recombinant DNA research. PMID- 7255758 TI - Excerpts from a National Conference on Recombinant DNA and the Federal Government. Future impacts of patentability. PMID- 7255759 TI - NIOSH perspective on commercial recombinant DNA/biotechnology development. PMID- 7255761 TI - Meeting of the Large-Scale Review Working Group of the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee. PMID- 7255760 TI - Meeting of the Industrial Practices Subcommittee of the Federal Interagency Advisory Committee on Recombinant DNA Research. PMID- 7255762 TI - Procedures for review of large-scale experiments. PMID- 7255764 TI - Effects of intravenously administered Leu- or Met-enkephalin on arterial blood pressure. AB - The purpose of these studies was to determine if two endogenous opioids, leucine (Leu) and methionine (Met) -enkephalin, alter blood pressure and, if so, by what mechanisms. Studies from our laboratory show that intravenous administration of Leu-enkephalin in doses of 0.032-320 microgram/kg induced a biphasic response in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. A transient rise in mean arterial pressure was followed by a more prolonged decline. Administration of Met-enkephalin caused only a decline in mean arterial pressure. Neither agent significantly altered heart rate, venous pressure or the EKG. Having determined that both enkephalins altered blood pressure and observed that the responses were qualitatively different, selected pharmacological antagonists were employed to see if the alterations in blood pressure could be blocked. Naloxone blocked the hypertensive responses and antagonized the hypotensive effects seen with the administration of Leu-enkephalin. Naloxone also shifted the dose-effect curve of Met-enkephalin to the right. Diphenhydramine attenuated both the hypertensive and hypotensive responses of Leu-enkephalin. However, diphenhydramine pretreatment did not alter the decline in blood pressure seen with the higher doses of Met-enkephalin. Propranolol exerted some antagonistic activity in association with the rise in blood pressure seen with Leu-enkephalin, but propranolol did not alter the drop in pressure observed with the administration of either enkephalin. These results show that intravenous administration of the enkephalins can alter blood pressure and these effects are not alike for each enkephalin. Additionally, the enkephalins are not blocked in the same fashion by antagonists, giving support to the hypothesis that the two enkephalins interact with different receptors. PMID- 7255763 TI - Electrophysiological actions of neurotensin in rat cerebellum. AB - The electrophysiological actions of neurotensin (NT) and its analog D-Arg9-NT were studied in rat cerebellar Purkinje neurons. NT applied by pressure ejection was a potent depressant of Purkinje (P) neuron firing. In contrast, iontophoretically applied NT was a weak depressant. Pressure-ejected D-Arg9-NT, which is largely inactive in peripheral systems, had little effect on P neurons. The depressant effects of pressure-ejected NT were blocked by intraperitoneally administered haloperidol, iontophoretically applied magnesium or 6-OHDA pretreatment. After such treatments, locally applied NT evoked only excitations. The results of this study suggest that NT, when applied by pressure ejection, produces two effects on the Purkinje neuron. The potent inhibitory effects of locally applied NT appear to result from release of the inhibitory transmitter, norepinephrine from locus coeruleus-derived afferents. We postulate that the excitations, which appear when postsynaptic effects of norepinephrine are antagonized or release is reduced, may be the direct result of NT action at the postsynaptic P neuron membrane. PMID- 7255765 TI - Role of the duodenum in motilin release. AB - In order to study the regulatory mechanism of motilin release, plasma motilin was measured in healthy dogs during the fasting state and after the ingestion of ordinary nutrient. Fasting plasma motilin levels were found to fluctuate intermittently, but ingestion of a meal completely abolished the intermittent motilin release and resulted in low motilin levels lasting for 6-8 h. To clarify the role of the duodenum in this motilin release, an operation was performed in five dogs by which we excluded from the alimentary tract the upper half of the small intestine not including the duodenum from a point 2 cm below the larger pancreatic duct. After this operation meal ingestion still caused a decrease in plasma motilin levels. However, after a modified version of the operation was performed in 5 other dogs by which the upper half of the small intestine together with the duodenum was transected at the pyloric ring, plasma motilin was not suppressed by meal ingestion. The results suggest that motilin secretion is regulated by nutrieht ingestion and that the passage of nutrients through the duodenum plays an important role in its regulation. PMID- 7255766 TI - High potency of bombesin for stimulation of human gastrin release and gastric acid secretion. AB - Dose-response studies were performed in 6 human volunteer subjects to determine the threshold and optimal doses of intravenous bombesin for stimulation of gastric acid secretion and gastrin release. A significant stimulation of both acid and gastrin was obtained with a very low dose, 3 pmol x kg-1 x h-1. Peak stimulation of acid secretion (67% of pentagastrin PAO) was obtained at 12.5 pmol x kg-1 x h-1. Serum gastrin response to this dose of bombesin was similar to that obtained after a high protein meal. Higher doses of bombesin caused further increases in serum gastrin but not in acid secretion. Since very low doses of bombesin, too small to produce detectable increases in immunoreactive serum bombesin, caused parallel increases in gastrin and acid secretion, it is possible that the bombesin-like peptides present in human gastrointestinal tissues contribute to regulation of human gastric secretion. PMID- 7255767 TI - Role of histamine H2-receptors in gastric and pancreatic release of somatostatin like immunoreactivity during the gastric phase of meal. AB - The present study was designed to determine the role of H2-receptors in the postprandial release of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) from the gastric fundus and antrum and from the pancreas. In dogs subjected to laparotomy, the pylorus was bisected and a gastric fistula was created, following which 250 ml 20% liver extract (LE) at pH 7 or 2 were instilled intragastrically. In the fundic vein the incremental SLI rise in response to LE at pH 7 was 2423 plus or minus 540 pg/ml during a control infusion of saline and 4780 plus or minus 863 pg/ml during the infusion of cimetidine (1 mg/kg per h) (P less than 0.05). In the antral vein the incremental SLI in response to LE at pH 7 was 2182 plus or minus 530 pg/ml during the saline control but did not rise significantly during cimetidine infusion. In the pancreatic vein the incremental SLI level after LE at pH 7 was 1953 plus or minus 358 pg/ml in the control experiments and 4430 plus or minus 1024 pg/ml during cimetidine infusion (P less than 0.025). The incremental inferior vena cava SLI level was approximately 925 pg/ml in both groups (not significant). The instillation of LE at pH 2 during the saline control lowered fundic vein SLI by 500 pg/ml; this decline was abolished during cimetidine infusion. In the antral vein the incremental SLI level of 15 750 plus or minus 2514 pg/ml during saline was lowered to only 6728 plus or minus 2257 pg/ml during cimetidine (P less than 0.025). After LE at pH 2 the incremental pancreatic vein SLI level of 5641 plus or minus 1175 pg/ml during the control infusion was also significantly reduced to 2392 plus or minus 559 pg/ml by cimetidine (P less than 0.05). The incremental SLI in the inferior vena cava was reduced from 1270 plus or minus 280 pg/ml during saline to 680 plus or minus 190 pg/ml when cimetidine was infused (P less than 0.05). The present data suggest a histaminergic influence via stimulation of H2-receptors upon the regulation of gastric and pancreatic somatostatin release during the gastric phase of a meal. PMID- 7255768 TI - Arginine vasopressin and a vasopressin antagonist peptide: opposite effects on extinction of active avoidance in rats. AB - Systemic injection or arginine vasopressin (AVP) (1 micrograms/rat) significantly prolonged extinction of a pole-jump, active avoidance response in rats; lateral ventricular injection of 1000-fold less AVP (1 ng/rat) produced similar results. A new AVP analogue, [1-deaminopenicillamine-2-(O-methyl)tyrosine]arginine vasopressin (dPTyr-(Me)AVP), is known to antagonize behavioral and vascular effects of exogenous AVP at molar ratios of 5 : 1. At a dose of 100 micrograms/rat (subcutaneously) dPTyr-(Me)AVP produces, by itself, a behavioral effect opposite to that of exogenous AVP, namely a facilitation of extinction. Injections of dPTyr-(Me)AVP into the lateral ventricle were ineffective except at a dose of 10 micrograms/rat. These results confirm previous reports of the effect of vasopressin on delaying extinction of avoidance behavior, but suggest a site of action distant from the lateral ventricle. PMID- 7255769 TI - Release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide by electrical field stimulation of rabbit ileum. AB - The release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) of rabbit ileum was studied in vitro. EFS parallel to the muscularis propria caused a significant increase in VIP concentration in the buffer bathing the serosal surface of full-thickness ileum. This effect was blocked by 10(-7) M tetrodotoxin. When circular and longitudinal muscle was removed, the amount of measurable VIP in the tissue decreased to about one-half that of full-thickness ileum, and EFS no longer caused release of VIP into the serosal or mucosal buffers. Our data indicate that EFS of rabbit ileum causes release of VIP, presumably form VIP-containing nerves present in the tissue. These results support the idea that VIP may be a physiological neuroregulator of intestinal function. PMID- 7255770 TI - Cimetidine inhibits the pentagastrin-induced release of calcitonin in normocalcaemic man. AB - Pentagastrin stimulates the release of calcitonin from normal C-cells in the human thyroid. In the present investigation the effect of cimetidine on the liberation of calcitonin in response to intraarterial pentagastrin (0.6 micrograms . kg-1) was studied in 14 normocalcaemic patients undergoing surgery for thyroid adenomas. Cimetidine was administered as a bolus injection of 200 mg followed by an intravenous infusion of 1.5 mg . kg-1 . h-1. In seven patients not given cimetidine, mean calcitonin concentration in the thyroid vein rose from 419 +/- 58 to 2787 +/- 645 pM in response to pentagastrin. In seven patients given cimetidine, mean calcitonin concentration only increased from 107 +/- 33 to 166 +/- 51 pM after pentagastrin. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant both during basal conditions (P less than 0.001) and in response to pentagastrin (P less than 0.01). The results suggest that pentagastrin affects normal C-cells via release of histamine and that cimetidine markedly interferes with this mechanism. PMID- 7255771 TI - Response of the exocrine pancreas to graded doses of secretin in calcium-treated and normal dogs. AB - Persisting modifications induced by repeated intravenous calcium infusion (acute hypercalcaemia) were investigated in 6 Thomas fistula dogs: 4 controls and 4 calcium-treated dogs, two of which were studied as controls. (a) The pancreatic response to graded doses of synthetic secretin (water and bicarbonate outputs) was significantly reduced in calcium-treated dogs when compared with controls. As both the D50 for secretin-induced response increased, and the maximal secretory response decreased, if may be concluded that calcium treatment decreased the sensitivity of duct cells to secretin and reduced their secretory capacity. (b) A similar dose-response relationship was observed between secretin and pancreatic calcium outputs in controls and calcium-treated dogs. The secretin induced pancreatic calcium secretion was independent of protein secretion and latter not being modified by secretin. Thus it may be assumed that the secretory fluid calcium originated form a protein independent pool and had a dose-dependent relationship to secretin. (c) These results help to illuminate the aetiology of chronic pancreatitis induced by acute hypercalcaemia and by hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7255772 TI - [Iguanas and man in Panama]. PMID- 7255773 TI - [Does "tropical biology" really exist?]. PMID- 7255774 TI - [Ecology and behavior of certain web-making spiders in Panama: Argiope argentata, A. savignyi, Nephila clavipes and Eriophora fulginea (Araneae: Araneidae)]. PMID- 7255775 TI - [Catheterization by subclavian vein puncture in children]. PMID- 7255776 TI - [Sydenham's chorea (follow-up of 56 cases over a 9-year period)]. PMID- 7255777 TI - [Childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome treated with cyclophosphamide]. PMID- 7255778 TI - [Headache in children]. PMID- 7255779 TI - [Profile of infant morbidity in primary care]. PMID- 7255780 TI - [Cushing's disease in a 12-month-old boy]. PMID- 7255781 TI - [Phenylketonuria associated with craniostenosis and cleft palate]. PMID- 7255782 TI - [Hodgkin's lymphoma in children. Correlation of histopathology and survival time (1969-1979)]. PMID- 7255783 TI - [Metatrophic dwarfism (variable expression)]. PMID- 7255784 TI - [Fat content and fatty acid composition of mother's milk]. PMID- 7255786 TI - [The unique nature of mothers' milk]. PMID- 7255785 TI - [Prevalence and biological, sociocultural and psychological characteristics of children with inadequate scholastic achievement. (evaluation in the 3d grade, 1975) Part I: Experimental design]. PMID- 7255787 TI - [Hepatic lipases]. PMID- 7255789 TI - [Epidemiology of infections in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7255788 TI - [Effects of sucrose ingestion on diuresis, calciuria and other urinary constituents in healthy subjects]. PMID- 7255790 TI - [Histophysiologic changes in rat kidneys following unilateral nephrectomy]. PMID- 7255791 TI - [Clinical and pathogenetic study of 72 cases of polycystic kidney in adults]. PMID- 7255792 TI - [Changes in respiratory function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis without clinico-radiological diseases]. PMID- 7255793 TI - [Plasma immunoglobulins. Repercussions of urinary loss in glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7255794 TI - [Sella turcica, arterial hypertension and carbohydrate metabolism in obesity: statistical study of 100 cases]. PMID- 7255795 TI - [Splenic hemangioendothelioma and multiple myeloma]. PMID- 7255796 TI - [Adult Fanconi syndrome following the ingestion of degraded tetracycline. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 7255797 TI - [2 cases of rheumatoid arthritis associated with monoclonal gammapathy]. PMID- 7255798 TI - [Mixed heterozygous drepanocytosis]. PMID- 7255799 TI - [Cardiomyopathy and pheochromocytoma. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 7255800 TI - [Human humoral immune response to major surgery]. PMID- 7255801 TI - [Prazosin in heart insufficiency. Short-term hospital clinical trial]. PMID- 7255802 TI - [Changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in chronic uremia]. PMID- 7255803 TI - [Creatine phosphokinase and its isoenzymes in hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7255804 TI - [Therapy of epidural spinal tumors. Apropos of 25 cases]. PMID- 7255805 TI - [Mitral disease associated with a left-right shunt at the atrial level. Lutembacher's syndrome?]. PMID- 7255806 TI - [Solitary thyroid nodule. Study based on a series of 108 patients]. PMID- 7255807 TI - [Myotonic dystrophy and thymoma associated with myasthenic behavior on electromyography]. PMID- 7255808 TI - [Neurological complications of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis]. PMID- 7255809 TI - [Tuberculous arthritis. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7255810 TI - [Psychological aspects of medical care of the terminally ill patient]. PMID- 7255811 TI - [Eosinophilic granuloma of the lung. Analysis of 5 cases]. PMID- 7255813 TI - [Histopathological aspects of the kidney in terminal chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7255812 TI - [Blood and urine changes in zinc, copper and iron in terminal cancer patients]. PMID- 7255814 TI - [Prazosin in the treatment of resistant arterial hypertension associated with nephropathy]. PMID- 7255815 TI - [Cyto-microbiological evaluation of sputum samples]. PMID- 7255816 TI - [Anatomoclinical forms of hydatidosis]. PMID- 7255817 TI - [Brucellar meningitis in the differential diagnosis of clear-fluid meningitis]. PMID- 7255819 TI - [Cerebral vascular abnormalities in ataxia telangiectasia]. PMID- 7255820 TI - [Hypereosinophilic syndrome with a good response to treatment]. PMID- 7255818 TI - [Clinical effectiveness of piperazine sultosylate in the hyperlipidemias]. PMID- 7255821 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency secondary to discontinuous treatment with rifampicin]. PMID- 7255822 TI - [Disseminated lupus erythematosus manifesting as hemolytic anemia at 86 years of age]. PMID- 7255823 TI - [Current therapeutic approach to pulmonary hydatidosis]. PMID- 7255825 TI - [Prevalence of diabetes in a random sample from the gouvernorat of Tunis (author's transl)]. AB - Prevalence of diabetes was estimated on the basis of both interviewing the subjects and measuring fasting blood glucose among a one per cent random sample from the population of the Gouvernorat of Tunis. Sampling was done using the household as unit and three stages of randomization. The number of households investigated was 1 449, a total of 9 712 subjects. In this sample, including 45% of males, mean age is equal to 24.8 years in males and 26.0 in females. Globally, prevalence is equal to 2.3%, half-composed of previously known diabetics. In more than 50% of them, the disease was revealed by cardinal symptoms and 17% are insulin-treated. The frequency of the disease, already known or newly diagnosed, is steadily lower than 1% in the first classes of age and then distinctly increases from thirty years of age in males and forty in females, reaching a value close to 10% after sixty years. PMID- 7255824 TI - [Analysis of the therapeutic intervention score system]. PMID- 7255826 TI - [Variability of respiratory function tests 9 weeks observation (author's transl)]. AB - 42 normal male subjects from 19 to 27 years, are examined in conditions of field studies once a week for 9 weeks. At each session are measured: flow volume curves with determination of vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1.0), peak flow (V peak), flows at 0.75, 0.50, 0.25 of VC (V 0.75 VC, V 0.50 VC, V 0.25 VC). Single breath nitrogen test, with determination of slope of phase III (delta N2/liter) and closing volume/vital capacity (CV/VC). Single breath and steady state tests with carbon monoxide. Variability of functional pulmonary indices in this study is greater than those observed in the literature during shorter period of term. Some indices varied significantly during these 9 weeks of observation like V 0.25 CV, indices of transfer factor of CO and CV/VC (according to repetition of test or meteorologic factors?). Relevance of studying variations during a relatively long period, is pointed out in interpretation of results observed in prospective studies. PMID- 7255827 TI - [Differentiation factors concerning the declaration of symptoms (author's transl)]. AB - A survey has been carried out (in suburbs of Paris) on the cultural factors of differentiation concerning the opinions and the attitudes of people towards health and disease; it was an opportunity to ask questions about present and old symptoms felt by the person who had answered. The main points which result from a multivariate analysis, carried out in order to study the relation between the symptoms' declaration and the selected and sampling variables, are the following: --There is a privileged relation between the female sex and everything affecting diseases and health, through the trend of declaring symptoms. --Besides, the trend of declaring symptoms is generally on a par with the steady existence of psychological symptoms. --For the same number of symptoms declared, these are the youngest and the most educated and, especially, those who accept the idea that a "mental disorder" can happen to them, who declare the highest number of psychological symptoms and, therefore, less organic symptoms. Four main factors are arising: the sex, the social class which some one belongs, individual psychological factors and the personal health status. An analysis is proposed, concerning the main relations which become obvious. PMID- 7255828 TI - [Origin and frequency of the serotypes of Salmonella isolated in France and received in the French National Center during the years 1977-1979 (author's transl)]. AB - The sources of 43,359 Salmonella strains isolated in continental France from 1977 to 1979 (inclusive) are given for every serotype listed in alphabetical order in each 0 group of Kauffmann-White schema. Isolation of S. Arizonae 18:z4,z32:- is more and more frequent from poultry. However, this serotype was not isolated from mammals. S. hadar and S. saint-paul are now quite frequently isolated from poultry and humans. S. gold-coast -- a man-associated serotype -- had an increasing incidence since 1978. The incidence of S. agona increased since 1975. S. kedougou (never encountered in France before 1975) was frequently isolated from humans in 1978. This serotype seems to have secondarily contaminated animals and the environment. S. wien, which was quite frequent in the period 1971-1975, has almost disappeared since. The incidence of S. panama was high in the period 1961-1971, then lower in 1972-1974. In 1978-1979 the incidence of S. panama rose dramatically. The incidence of other Salmonella serotypes seems unchanged. PMID- 7255829 TI - [Mortality: comparison of mortality between a specific industry and the French population (author's transl)]. AB - Mortality statistics are underutilized in France. Authors show that it is possible to use them for small population (125 000). Classical statistical methods are utilized. The interpretation of the results is difficult with regard to the quality of National data. Comparison data conclude that mortality rates are lower within the industry for lung and gastrointestinal disease, suicide, injuries and that three health problems are more prevalent: alcholism, injuries for young men and cancer. PMID- 7255830 TI - [Heterozygote thalassemias screening. Contribution of data analysis methods (author's transl)]. AB - In order to reduce the cost of a systematic heterozygote thalassemias screening, and using a discriminant analysis, the authors propose a pre-selection performed on the erythrocytometric data. In the present conditions of applicability, the methodology we used appears to be very efficient in the pre-screening process. An electrophoresis with the determination of hemoglobin A2 is then carried out on the pre-selected individuals as a confirmation of the diagnosis. PMID- 7255831 TI - [Principles and definitions in epidemiology (author's transl)]. AB - When medical research became concerned with the aetiology of chronic diseases, it also became necessary to adapt the principles enounced by Koch for the study of acute infectious diseases and this was expressed most satisfactorily by Evans. These changes entailed the profusion of new definitions of epidemiology which were recently reviewed by Evans and led him to propose a new one--the 24th. One important characteristic of epidemiology, however, does not appear clearly in these various definitions, namely that it is a branch of medicine. In short, it could be defined as the medical science of human groups. The authors show how the work of the epidemiologist parallels that of the medical practitioner facing a patient. The observation of the distribution of the disease within the population, referred to as descriptive epidemiology corresponds to the clinical examination and the enumeration of symptoms in the individual. The clinical interpretation of the symptoms and reasoning leading to a diagnosis is paralleled by the work of the "analytical" epidemiologist trying to discover the aetiological factors of the disease. The clinician finally takes action and administers treatment, while the findings of the epidemiologist find their application in Public Health preventive action. The authors conclude by proposing a modified version of Evans' definition of epidemiology; it reads: "Epidemiology is the quantitative study of physiological, prepathological and pathological conditions and processes in human populations, in relation to natural or man-made environmental factors which account for or favour their inception, development or disappearance. Its purpose is to prevent health disorders, to reduce their incidence or to lessen their ill effects. Epidemiology uses the resources of all medical sciences, plus all those--including statistics--imposed by its specific subject. It is the medical science of human groups. It completes and expands traditional medicine dealing with individuals". PMID- 7255832 TI - [Silver anniversary of the Associacio Catalana d'Anestesiologia i Reanimacio (1953-1978)]. PMID- 7255833 TI - [Gastric cancer: results of surgical treatment of 934 cases]. PMID- 7255834 TI - [Development of surgery of esophagel cancer in the last 15 years]. PMID- 7255835 TI - [Multiple cancers of the colon and rectum]. PMID- 7255836 TI - [Our experiences with Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7255838 TI - [Hepatic gammagraphic findings in brucellosis]. PMID- 7255837 TI - [Leiomyoblastomas]. PMID- 7255839 TI - [Tuberculosis antecedents and coexistence and chronic diarrhea]. PMID- 7255840 TI - [Giant non-parasitic solitary hepatic cyst]. PMID- 7255841 TI - [Isolated lesion of the pancreas from a closed abdominal trauma]. PMID- 7255842 TI - [Pyloric stenosis in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7255843 TI - [Massive secondary peritoneal hydatidosis and mebendazole]. PMID- 7255844 TI - [Immunologic control in patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract]. AB - Blastic transformation in vitro was used to estimate immunological competence in patients having gastrointestinal cancer. The authors found a correlation between lymphocyte transformation by phytohemagglutinin and prognosis. Autologous plasma inhibited lymphocyte transformation, particularly in those patients that proved to have an unfavorable clinical evolution one year after surgery. PMID- 7255845 TI - [Multiple primary malignant tumors: study of 80 cases]. AB - The authors made a review of 3670 cancer patients looking for multiple primary malignant tumors. They found 80 cases (2.17%) of multiple tumors suggesting that they are caused mainly by common etiologic factors and/or a genetic predisposition and secondarily by the measures employed in the treatment of the first tumor. PMID- 7255846 TI - Incidence of multiple primary malignancies. A retrospective study of ten years. AB - Retrospective data of 116 patients with first malignant disorder (lymphoma, acute leukemia and solid tumors) admitted to the M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston, from 1966 to 1976 were reviewed. One hundred three patients had an additional malignant tumor and thirteen patients developed two or three neoplasm as regards to the first diagnosis. The second tumor was asymptomatic in many patients and subsequently was an autopsy finding. Although no statistical correlations were found among malignancies, the majority of patients had solid tumors as first neoplasms. In addition, the etiopathogenic mechanisms responsible for the "polycancerization syndrome" remain controversial. Prospective studies are orientated to set up whether anticancer agents and other factors are responsible for additional malignant conditions or not. PMID- 7255847 TI - [Prognosis of stage II and III breast cancer in women and critique of various aspects of the TNM system]. AB - A five-year survival study has been made on 383 patients with breast cancer belonging to the stages II and III of the TNM classification. After the results we consider advisable making a subdivision of these stages forming groups of patients having a similar prognosis in order to apply a statistical treatment to a more homogeneous group and set the treatment on a prognosis basis. In addition it has been considered convenient to transfer the patients classified as T3N0M0 of stage III to stage II attending to their prognosis. Finally, a TNM classification including said concepts is proposed. PMID- 7255849 TI - [From fear to anxiety]. PMID- 7255848 TI - [Basic aspects of breast cancer]. AB - The author summarizes the etiopathogenesis of human breast cancer, emphasizing the immunological factors involved and the possible participation of viruses. PMID- 7255850 TI - [Theophylline in childhood asthma. Pharmacokinetic and clinical study (author's transl)]. AB - After an intra-venous injection of a single dose (4.24 +/- 0.94 mg/kg) of anhydrous theophylline in 20 children aged 4 to 16 years, the pharmacokinetic characteristics (mean and standard deviation) were as follow: half life (T 1/2 6.06 +/- 2.53; apparent distribution volume (Vd) 0.585 +/- 0.148 l/kg and clearance from the body (Cl) at 0.078 +/- 0.35 l/kg/w. The absorption of anhydrous theophylline syrup, given to 13 children during an exacerbation of their asthma, was consistent, quick and complete. Two hours after a dose of 6 mg/kg, the plasma levels were 11.39 +/- 2.04 mg/litre. On seven occasions, the clinical results were good. The absorption of the tablet form of anhydrous theophylline was more irregular. A prolonged course of treatment in 20 subjects aged 4.5 to 17.2 years confirmed the wide variety of doses required to maintain plasma theophylline levels in the 10 to 20 mg/litre range. The doses required varied from 10 to 22.5 mg/kg/day. The correlation between the actual and calculated needs on the basis of theophylline clearance was poor (due to the bioavailability of the drug and the close dependent character of the clearance). Seven times, the results were good (twice mean theophylline levels below 10 mg/litre). The proposition of good results in this study is less than that reported in the literature. PMID- 7255851 TI - [Severe bronchiolitis in 3 cases of rheumatoid polyarthritis treated with D penicillamine]. PMID- 7255852 TI - [Chemical pneumopathy caused by hydrocarbons: etiopathogenesis and problems of clinical toxicology]. PMID- 7255853 TI - [The Chinese restaurant syndrome]. PMID- 7255854 TI - [An examination programme for functional analysis of the upper extremities (author's transl)]. AB - An examination programme for assessing the functional capacities of the upper extremities with special regard to manual skills is presented. Experience involving 200 clients are reported on, permitting to assume the programme's usefulness in assessing functional disorders in the hand. PMID- 7255855 TI - [Effects of behaviourally oriented sports therapy on anxiety behaviour in a learning and behaviourally impaired girl. (author's transl)]. AB - This case-study of a 12-year old girl with learning and behavioural impairments investigates whether, and to what extent, a reduction of anxiety can be achieved by means of behaviourally oriented sports therapy. Following systematic use of behaviour therapy techniques as well as of model learning and systematic desensibilisation methods, significant modifications (p less than .05; p less than .01), or at least a tendency towards reduced anxiety ( p less than .10), have been stated both in respect of sports-related anxiety as well as of general and situational anxieties; assessment was made by means of the HANES KJ (Hamburg neuroticism and extraversion scale for children and adolescents), two sports specific questionnaires, and a sports-motor test. No changes were stated using the AFS (anxiety questionnaire for students). The findings to a very large extent confirm our initial hypothesis that bodily movement is an agent capable of achieving anxiety reduction when behaviour therapy methods and techniques are used in the design of the sports activities. PMID- 7255856 TI - Aromatic hydroxylation of propranolol. Stereochemical aspects of the formation of 4'-hydroxypropranolol in the rat. PMID- 7255857 TI - Comparison of some conformationally rigid benzylamine analogs as substrates for rabbit lung N-methyltransferase. AB - 7,8-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride (SK&F 64139) and 8,9 dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine hydrochloride (LY134046) were found to be excellent substrates for rabbit lung N-methyltransferase using S-adenosyl-L methionine-methyl-14C as the methyl donor. These conformationally rigid analogs of benzylamine had Km values lower than, and Vmax values at least as high as, those of the physiologically occurring amines usually considered as the best substrates for this enzyme (tryptamine, N-methyltryptamine and serotonin). Since LY134046 and SK&F 64139 have high affinity as competitive inhibitors of norepinephrine N-methyltransferase, some similarity in the active site of these two enzymes is suggested. PMID- 7255858 TI - An algebraic model for blood concentrations. AB - The exchange of substances between organs and the blood vessels analyzed and represented in input-output form. The concentration in the blood of the substances is represented by algebraic means and shown to be representable by scators. A holistic representation although not given is anticipated. PMID- 7255859 TI - Reduction in the transplacental carcinogenic effect of methylcholanthrene in mice by prior treatment with beta-naphthoflavone. AB - Conversion of 14C-benzo[alpha]pyrene (BP) to alkali-soluble and water-phase products, as a measure of aryl hydrocarbon metabolism, was assayed on day 18 of gestation in the livers of pregnant C57BL/6 females and their (C57BL/6 x BALB/c)F1 fetuses. BP metabolism was inducible in both maternal and fetal livers by beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF), injected ip on day 16 of gestation at doses of 25-130 mg/kg. At 25 and 75 mg/kg beta-NF, fetal liver metabolism of BP was induced 1.5- and 4.5-fold, respectively. The corresponding results for maternal liver indicated no effect at 25 mg/kg and 2.6-fold induction at 75 mg/kg. In a complementary carcinogenesis assay, pregnant mothers were injected ip with beta NF (25 or 75 mg/kg) on day 15 of gestation and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) (30 or 150 mg/kg) on day 17. Appropriate vehicle-injected control mice were also obtained. The progeny were examined for lung tumors at 28 weeks of age. The average number of lung tumors per mouse caused by 150 mg/kg MC was significantly reduced by prior treatment with beta-NF, to an extent depending on the dose of the inducer. With the 75 mg/kg dose of beta-NF, the incidence of lung tumors was reduced by half. Induction of carcinogen detoxification in maternal, fetal, and/or placental tissue is a possible mechanism by which beta-NF protected against transplacental MC tumorigenesis. PMID- 7255860 TI - Hepatic uptake, intracellular accumulation and biliary secretion of 5 methyltetrahydrofolate. AB - Transport of the reduced folate coenzyme, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, from plasma to bile was studied in the isolated perfused rat liver. The system was inhibited by metabolic poisons, pteroylglutamate, 10-formylfolate, and amethopterin. The coenzyme was concentrated in hepatic parenchyma 1.3 fold over the concentration in the medium. After an initial delay of approximately 20 min the biliary secretion of the coenzyme nearly paralleled the hepatic uptake, and the coenzyme was concentrated in bile 15-19 times above the perfusion medium. The transport process was saturable with a Kt value of 0.45 mM and Vmax of 0.66 mumoles/hr/g liver. Chromatography of the bile revealed minimal biotransformation of the secreted coenzyme. In experiments in vivo 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was absorbed readily from the intestine, as demonstrated by the urinary excretion of 32-40% of the dose within 48 hr after peroral administration. These studies indicate that hepatic uptake and biliary secretion of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate occurs by an energy-dependent, carrier-mediated process in which the coenzyme accumulates in the liver, is secreted into bile against a high concentration gradient and undergoes enterohepatic circulation. PMID- 7255861 TI - Acute adriamycin treatment of rats does not increase ethane expiration. AB - Adriamycin (20 and 45 mg/kg) was injected i.p. to rats and the amount of ethane expired, which indicates lipid peroxidation in vivo, was determined. None of the doses applied resulted in significant increased ethane expiration of the animals as measured immediately, on the second or on the third day after treatment. Only with 45 mg adriamycin/kg a small increase of ethane formation could be observed on the second day after treatment. But some rats died during the experimental period. The treatment with 65 mg adriamycin/kg i.p. was lethal within 24 h, although an increased ethane production was not measurable. Our data suggest that lipid peroxidation is probably not occurring during metabolism of adriamycin in the rat, and that it is not responsible for the acute toxicity observed after adriamycin treatment. PMID- 7255862 TI - Inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption in several animal species by cytochalasins. AB - The effect of various cytochalasins on intestinal glucose absorption in several animals species was investigated in vitro. Glucose absorption in mouse jejunum was highly inhibited (68.1%) by cytochalasin E (25.0 micrograms/ml) within 30-min incubation and less extent in rat (48.9%), hamster (34.1%), frog (28.1%), guinea pig (27.5%), rabbit (24.3%) and turtle jejunum (22.7%). Among cytochalasins A, B, C, D and E, cytochalasin E was a most potent derivative that could inhibit glucose absorption by up to 55.5% at a concentration of only 5.0 micrograms/ml in mouse jejunum and its effect may possibly be related to the formation of mini villi and the intracellular vacuoles in the intestinal absorptive cells. PMID- 7255863 TI - Affinity chromatography of some pyridoxal phosphate-requiring enzymes on Cibacron Blue F3GA-agarose. AB - Tyrosine phenol-lyase from Erwinia herbicola was purified from a cell-free extract in a single step on Cibacron Blue F3GA-agarose. The protein was purified as the apoenzyme and was unstable after affinity chromatography. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase from porcine heart also bound to Cibacron Blue F3GA-agarose. These enzymes were partially purified as holoenzymes from a crude porcine heart extract by elution with NADH and KCl. Alanine aminotransferase was purified 19 fold by this procedure. PMID- 7255864 TI - Differences in enzyme efflux from dystrophic mouse skeletal muscle and heart. AB - The efflux of the enzymes, creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from isolated normal and dystrophic mouse (C57BL/6J-dy) skeletal muscle and heart has been studied. Older (5-9 months) dystrophic mouse triceps contained only 63% of normal CK. At 3.5-10 weeks, dystrophic gastrocnemii had 72% and 61% of normal for males and females, respectively. By 5-7 months, the levels dropped to only 26% and 15% of normal. When skeletal muscle efflux was normalized to enzyme content, dystrophic muscle was not significantly different from normal for the first three hours, and was lower than normal in the 3-5 hour period. This was true for both triceps and gastrocnemius. Similarly, no difference in LDH efflux from gastrocnemius was seen between control and dystrophic mice. In contrast, there was no difference in enzyme concentration of normal and dystrophic hearts. Despite this, hearts from dystrophic mice had a higher efflux of both CK and LDH in the first three hours, but not beyond. The results indicate that under the conditions of these studies, dystrophic skeletal muscle was not, but heart was, more permeable to muscle enzymes than normal muscle. PMID- 7255865 TI - Studies on the prevention of CCl4 induced liver necrosis by agents having effects on cell membrane. AB - Nupercaine, promazine and benadryl partially prevented liver injury produced by CCl4 given orally, 24 hours after administration, in contrast to cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and anthisan which did not show any effect. Only benadryl and anthisan were able to partially prevent liver damage at 24 hours caused by ip administration of CCl4. None of these compounds decreased CCl4 content in liver at 1; 3 or 6 hours after oral CCl4 administration. Results suggest that benadryl could prevent liver necrosis, changing the cell response to injury by CCl4. PMID- 7255866 TI - Interaction of glutathione and ascorbic acid in guinea pig lungs exposed to nitrogen dioxide. AB - The interaction of two important water-soluble antioxidants, glutathione and ascorbic acid, was studied. The perfused guinea pig lung was found to contain about twice as much reduced glutathione as ascorbic acid. Nitrogen dioxide exposure decreased the levels of the two antioxidants both in vitro and in vivo. Ascorbic acid concentration was lowered to a greater extent than glutathione. The pulmonary ascorbic acid level was identical in both control and glutathione deficient guinea pigs exposed to nitrogen dioxide, suggesting that there was little interaction between the two antioxidants in the lungs during oxidant stress. PMID- 7255868 TI - Bioenergetics in clinical medicine. XVI. Reduction of hypertension in patients by therapy with coenzyme Q10. AB - Six untreated hypertensive patients and ten on therapy, but having elevated blood pressures, were treated with coenzyme Q10(CoQ10); 14/16 patients showed reductions (p less than 0.05-less than 0.001) in systolic pressures; 11/16 showed reductions (p less than 0.05-less than 0.001) in diastolic pressure; 9/10 showed reductions of elevated pressures to a normal range. By impedance cardiography and electrocardiography, there were no changes in cardiac outputs, stroke volumes and Heather Indices except for a few patients with changes of doubtful biological significance. 3/16 patients had exceptionally low basal specific activities of the succinate dehydrogenase-coenzyme Q10 reductase in blood which increased to a normal range on treatment. A greater deficiency of CoQ10 in the vascular system than in blood is likely. We consider that (1) the mechanism of reduction of elevated blood pressures by CoQ10 is based upon normalization or autoregulation of peripheral resistance rather than cardiac regulation, and (2) that the therapeutic activity of CoQ10 is not pharmacodynamic, but results from a translational increase in levels of CoQ10-enzymes in vascular tissue during ca. 4 12 weeks. PMID- 7255867 TI - Cremophor and Emulphor induced alterations of serum lipids and lipoprotein electrophoretic patterns of dogs. AB - The effects of Cremophor and Emulphor, two polyethoxylated castor oil vehicles, on serum lipids and lipoproteins electrophoretic patterns were examined in beagle dogs. The vehicles were given as daily intravenous (i.v.) infusions of 0.5 ml/kg. Flushing of the skin, edematous wrinkling of the skin above the eyes and shaking of the head were observed during or shortly after each infusion of either vehicle. Thrombocytopenia occurred in Emulphor-treated dogs but increased platelet counts occurred in Cremophor-treated dogs. The spleen, lymph nodes, livers and kidneys all had excessive amounts of lipid present. There were increased serum levels of triglycerides, lipids, cholesterol and lipoproteins. Electrophoresis of sera revealed decreased alpha-lipoprotein fraction and the appearance of a new, as yet unidentified, peak near the origin. The lipid and lipoprotein changes were more marked in dogs treated with Cremophor. It appears that daily infusion with either vehicle results in changes in serum lipids, lipoprotein patterns and tissue lipid content. PMID- 7255869 TI - Cyclophosphamide induces osteopetrosis in rats. AB - The effect of a single oral dose of cyclophosphamide in six-week old random outbred albino rats on hematologic, immunologic, and pathologic parameters was studied. As expected, doses that decreased the number of circulating lymphocytes and suppressed the blastogenic response to Concanavalin A, a T cell mitogen, also caused extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver and spleen and depletion of cortical lymphocytes in lymph nodes. However, a novel histomorphologic finding of this study was osteopetrosis. It would appear that cyclophosphamide interferes with a subpopulation of lymphoid cells that are involved in the formation of osteoclastic cells. PMID- 7255870 TI - Inhibitory histamine receptors in the rat vas deferens. AB - The effect of histamine on the field stimulated rat vas deferens preparation was studied and compared to mouse vas deferens. Histamine produced a concentration dependent inhibition of rat vas deferens (ID50 14 microM) similar to that seen with mouse vas deferens (ID50 2.4 microM). Unlike mouse however, where only H2 receptors are observed, the histamine inhibition of rat vas deferens was attenuated by both H1, (diphenhydramine) and H2 (cimetidine) antagonists. It is concluded that rat vas deferens contains both H1 and H2 receptor types. PMID- 7255871 TI - The acute oral toxicity of hymenoxon in sheep. AB - The acute oral toxicity of hymenoxon is dose-dependent, and the clinical signs and pathologic lesions are qualitatively identical to those of animals fed whole bitterweed. There was no synergistic effect when sheep were fed hymenoxon with hymenolane. PMID- 7255872 TI - Effect of clonidine on the function of the adrenal medulla in rats. AB - Intravenous administration of clonidine at a dose of 30 microgram/kg produced significant decrease both in spontaneous adrenal nerve activity and in adrenal catecholamine secretion rate in rat. These findings could indicate that clonidine decreases catecholamine secretion from the adrenal medulla via the central nervous system. PMID- 7255873 TI - Single point estimation of phenytoin dosing requirement. AB - Computer simulation demonstrated that a single serum sample obtained 24 hours after an intravenous loading dose of phenytoin (18 mg/Kg) can, with reasonable accuracy, predict the maintenance dose of phenytoin required to maintain a steady state serum concentration of 15 mg/L. A strong linear correlation (r = 0.959) was found between required phenytoin maintenance dose and the reciprocal of the 24 hour serum concentration. PMID- 7255874 TI - Some pharmacological properties of a novel series of 2-substituted 2 phenylcyclohexyl N,N-diethylaminoethyl ethers. II. AB - The second of a series of 2-phenylcyclohexyl N,N-diethylaminoethyl ethers, (trans compound), was investigated for its pharmacological actions in mice and rats. The trans-compound shortened the duration of methacholine (20 mg/kg)-induced salivation in mice, which was observed to be inversely proportional to the intraperitoneally administered dose of the compound. In anesthetized rats, a time course study revealed the effects of the compound to be brief (5-15 minutes). When administered alone, it decreased heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures and increased pulse-pressure. It produced transient apnea followed by slight increase in respiration. In other anesthetized rats, pretreatment with 5 mg/kg trans-compound reversed the depression response and bradycardia induced by injection of increasing doses of methacholine. Respiratory rate was similarly decreased due to initial transient apnea followed by a slight increase. There was a non-significant decrease in rectal temperature when methacholine was injected before or after the compound. These experiments suggest that the trans-compound possesses a weaker anticholinergic activity compared to the cis-compound. PMID- 7255875 TI - Decreased retention of fatty acid conjugated DDT metabolites in rats given injections of heparin, bile salts or lecithin. AB - Intravenous injections of solutions of heparin, bile salts or lecithin into rats previously intraperitoneally injected with 14C-DDT significantly removed fatty acid conjugated 14C-DDT metabolites retained in their livers and spleens. These 14C-DDT metabolites comprised greater than 90 percent of the radioactivity present in these organs 10 days after the animals were first injected with 14C DDT. The conjugation of DDT metabolites to fatty acids thus appears to be a primary mechanism by which DDT is ultimately retained in animals and possibly humans. Heparin, bile salts or lecithin might be used as clearing agents for removing these conjugates. PMID- 7255876 TI - Effects of differential changes in rat hepatic and renal cytochrome P-450 concentrations on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of chloroform. AB - Cytochrome P-450 concentrations in rat liver and kidney were differentially altered by pretreatment with phenobarbital (PB), cadmium or fasting. The rats were then challenged with chloroform. The consequent hepatotoxicity was assayed by alanine amino transferase activity (AlaAT); the nephrotoxicity by inhibition of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) uptake in vitro and both by histopathology. Fasting increased renal and hepatic cytochromes P-450 and chloroform-mediated necrosis in both organs. PB induction increased and cadmium decreased the liver cytochrome P 450 concentrations and the hepatotoxicity mediated by chloroform. PB and cadmium had no effect on renal cytochrome P-450 concentrations or the nephrotoxicity of chloroform. These results strongly suggest that the nephrotoxic metabolite of chloroform is produced within the kidney and the hepatotoxic metabolite in the liver. PMID- 7255877 TI - Identification of hydrazone of norethindrone, a metabolic product resulting from the interaction between isoniazid and norethindrone. AB - Co-administration of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid, INH) and 17 alpha ethinyl-17 beta-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one (norethindrone, NE) resulted in the formation of the isonicotinyl hydrazone of norethindrone (INH-NE) in rat stomach. Rat liver metabolized the latter compound in vitro. The metabolic product was characterized, following its derivatization with p-methoxy-benzaldehyde (PMBA), by comparison of chromatographic and mass spectral properties with synthetic reference compound. Results showed that INH-NE was cleaved at the amide bond resulting in the formation of the hydrazone of norethindrone. The physicochemical characteristics of synthetic PMBA hydrazone of norethindrone are described. PMID- 7255878 TI - Binding of maytansine to tubulin: competition with other mitotic inhibitors. AB - The effect of maytansine on the binding of [3H]vinblastine and [3H]colchicine to tubulin was examined by Sephadex gel filtration column chromatography. When varying concentrations of maytansine were employed, competition between vinblastine and maytansine was observed at a vinblastine to maytansine ratio of 1:10 and 1:100, while a colchicine to maytansine ratio of 1:100 did not affect the binding of colchicine to tubulin. These results confirm earlier findings with a DEAE-cellulose disc paper assay and a tubulin polymerization assay that maytansine shares a common binding site with vinblastine and support the view that tubulin has at least two drug binding sites. PMID- 7255879 TI - Response of rat liver aspartate aminotransferase to carbon tetrachloride. AB - Rat liver aspartate aminotransferase activity per total liver per gram initial body weight was increased 24 hours after carbon tetrachloride injection suggesting that increased synthesis may be a source of increased serum enzyme activity as a response to hepatocellular injury. Protein content per total liver per gram initial body weight was also increased so that the specific activity of the enzyme was unchanged. Enzyme activity per gram liver wet weight was decreased consistent with hepatomegaly, edema, and dilution of enzyme. Total liver per gram initial body weight is suggested as the optimal reference standard. PMID- 7255880 TI - The potentiation of ozone toxicity by thyroxine. AB - In the presence of thyroxine, human erythrocytes exposed to ozone exhibit enhanced osmotic fragility and the association of radio-activity from 125I labeled thyroxine with the major membrane glycoprotein, glycophorin. These events are accompanied by enhanced cation permeability in the absence of either measurable inhibition of ATPase activity or membrane lipid peroxidation. It is suggested that the thyroid hormones may play a role in the expression of ozone toxicity. PMID- 7255881 TI - Increased biliary GSSG-secretion and loss of hepatic glutathione in isolated perfused rat liver after paraquat treatment. AB - Perfusion of isolated rat livers with 1 mM paraquat for 3 hours led to a stimulated release of oxidized glutathione into the effluent caval perfusate and into the bile. Whereas the biliary stimulation was 245%, stimulation in to the perfusate was only 19.2%. In addition, the glutathione content in the paraquat treated livers decreased from 2.74 +/- 0.23 to 0.80 +/- 0.07 mumol/g liver. The hepatic content of GSSG, however, was not changed by paraquat. This resulted in an elevated ratio of GSSG/GSH+2GSSG from 0.036 to 0.113. The total amount of GSSG released via bile and perfusate is less than the total loss of hepatic GSH. These findings are discussed in view of mechanisms by which paraquat decreases in GSH in the liver. PMID- 7255882 TI - High plasma zinc levels following oral dosing in rats and the incorporation of 3H thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid in rat fetuses. AB - In fasted rats, a single oral dose of zinc, equivalent to the total daily zinc intake, caused plasma zinc levels to rise about five-fold 1.5 h after treatment. Higher values were obtained following higher dose levels. At maternal plasma zinc levels approximately 10-fold above normal, fetal viability was disturbed and incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA became impaired in fetal (20-d) rat brain and liver tissue. PMID- 7255883 TI - Inhibition of cationic liposomes of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of L1210 cells. AB - The in vitro cytotoxicity of cationic liposomes for L1210 cells was studied by measuring in two hours incubation their effect on [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA. Liposomes prepared from the mixtures dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine cholesterol-stearylamine, egg yolk phosphatidyl-choline-cholesterol-stearylamine and egg yolk phosphatidyl-choline-stearylamine inhibit [3H] thymidine incorporation into L1210 cells DNA. The degree of inhibition increases with incubation time and the concentration of liposomes in the incubations. Liposomes of similar compositions, but without stearylamine (neutral liposomes), did not affect [3H] thymidine incorporation. On the other hand, fluorescence microscopy of cell incubated with liposomes containing 10 mM 6-carboxy fluorescein showed only cationic liposomes adsorbed on the surface of L1210 cells. It is concluded that the inhibition of [3H] thymidine incorporation due to cationic liposomes is partly related to their adsorption on the cell plasma membrane. PMID- 7255884 TI - Evaluation of vincristine, CCNU and methyl-CCNU at high level doses in an experimental murine renal adenocarcinoma model. AB - Balb/C mice were implanted with tumor cells from primary tumor in donor animals bearing renal cell adenocarcinoma. Survival time, tumor growth and metastatic occurrence in treated animals were not significantly improved by high dose Methyl CCNU, CCNU or Vincristine. It was also concluded that the dose levels of Methyl CCNU and CCNU used for this study were highly toxic causing early death in the animals. Such studies thus fail to support clinical hopes that these agents would be effective for chemotherapy regimens in human renal tumors. PMID- 7255887 TI - NADPH-dependent formation of aflatoxicol by mouse and rat lungs in vitro. AB - Homogenates and 10,000 g fractions obtained from lungs of rats (wister strain) and albino mice produced a fluorescent metabolite of aflatoxin B1, with similar Rf value and ultraviolet characteristics as aflatoxicol obtained from the liver of duck. This metabolite had Rf in ethyl acetate: chloroform (10:20 v/v) and in chloroform acetone: water (88:12:15 v/v) system similar to the standard aflatoxicol. In the absence of NADP, neither the homogenates nor the 10,000 g fractions produced this metabolite. It seems therefore that while the livers of rats and mice do not produce aflatoxicol, the lungs are capable of doing so. PMID- 7255886 TI - Erythrocyte alterations in praseodymium-induced lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency in the rat: comparison with familial LCAT deficiency in man. AB - The intravenous administration of praseodymium nitrate (PrN) to rats was associated with parallel decreases in plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and erythrocyte osmotic fragility at low doses (20 and 40 mg/kg) while higher doses (80 mg/kg) resulted in increases in both. Erythrocyte membranes from rats with PrN-induced LCAT deficiency exhibited small increases in cholesterol content, but not other alterations (e.g., in phospholipid profiles and sulfhydryl group latency) which characterize erythrocytes in familial LCAT deficiency in man. The administration of PrN caused a time- and dose-dependent accumulation of praseodymium in liver with hepatic levels being substantially greater in animals given the high (protective) as compared with the low (toxic) doses of PrN. Hepatic levels of glutathione were not altered by PrN administration, but hexobarbital sleeping time was markedly prolonged in animals receiving a toxic dose of PrN. It is suggested that dose dependent alterations in the subcellular distribution of praseodymium may explain the paradoxical pathophysiological effects of high and low doses of PrN. PMID- 7255888 TI - Cyanide, protein and iodine interactions in the performance, metabolism and pathology of pigs. AB - Performance and metabolic and pathological changes were evaluated in 48 growing pigs fed different levels of dietary protein, cyanide and iodine. Protein deficiency reduced urinary iodine excretion and the concentrations in serum of protein, protein bound iodine and thiocyanate. It also reduced liver rhodanese activity and caused a decrease in urinary thiocyanate excretion which was not significant. Dietary cyanide increased urinary thiocyanate and iodine excretion and serum thiocyanate concentration while the basal diet reduced urinary iodine excretion and serum PBI. Pathological studies showed that cyanide treatment had no marked effect on the microanatomy of the tissues examined. Dietary protein deficiency caused histological changes in the thyroid gland and bone which suggested a decline in metabolic activity. Iodine deficiency caused hyperplastic goitre in the experimental animals. PMID- 7255885 TI - Negative test for transplacental carcinogenicity of nickel subsulfide in Fischer rats. AB - Transplacental carcinogenicity of nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2) was tested by im administration of Ni3S2 (20 mg) to 8 pregnant Fischer rats on day 6 of gestation. Control dams received a similar injection of the vehicle. The progeny at risk for tumor development comprised 50 offspring (17 males, 33 females) of Ni3S2-treated dams and 53 offspring (29 males, 24 females) of control dams. Body weights of progeny of Ni3S2 treated dams were lower than progeny of control dams, but sex specific cumulative mortality rates in the two groups did not differ significantly. By age 26 months, 2 malignant and 2 benign tumors developed in progeny of Ni3S2-treated dams, versus 3 malignant and 2 benign tumors in progeny of control dams. Hence, administration of Ni3S2 to pregnant rats had no significant effect upon tumor incidence in the progeny. PMID- 7255889 TI - Recording of train-of-four evoked muscle responses from the nose and foreleg in the intact dog. AB - Evoked muscle responses to train-of-four electrical nerve stimuli were recorded from the nose and foreleg in the intact dog. Low and high doses of both suxamethonium and either pancuronium or gallamine were injected, and the recordings of muscle responses from each dog were examined. Recordings taken from the foreleg showed the presence of train-of-four fade until complete neuromuscular block was established. Simultaneous recordings from the nose showed the development of a train-of-four fade in early stages of neuromuscular block, but as the block increased, an unusual response developed where the twitch height became equal. This finding occurred following suxamethonium as well as non depolarising relaxants. PMID- 7255890 TI - The nature of suxamethonium neuromuscular block in the dog assessed by train-of four stimulation. AB - Evoked muscle responses from continuous train-of-four (frequency 2Hz) electrical nerve stimuli, with an interval of 10 sec between each train, were recorded in the intact anaesthetised dog receiving multiple doses of suxamethonium at 0.035 mg/kg. The train-of-four twitches showed a slight progressive fade from the first to the fourth and this fade increased as additional doses of the muscle relaxant were given. The train-of-four ratio was used to divide the suxamethonium neuromuscular block into phase 1 and phase 2 components. Dogs receiving one dose of suxamethonium at 0.3 mg/kg were developing the phase 2 block during the return of neuromuscular activity and after the third to fourth dose this block was fully established. Evidence of tachyphylaxis was present in the phase 1 block which persisted into the phase 2 component. PMID- 7255892 TI - Resistance to Fasciola hepatica in rats and rabbits following implantation of adult flukes contained in diffusion chambers. AB - Resistance to Fasciola hepatica could be elicited in rats by implanting mature flukes subcutaneously or intraperitoneally in diffusion chambers. A similar resistance occurred even when the implants were removed two weeks before challenge. This excluded the possibility that the continuing presence of the sensitising flukes was necessary for the maintenance of resistance and also showed that the resistance could be elicited by only two weeks exposure to diffusible immunogens emanating from the flukes. PMID- 7255891 TI - Attempted induction of an avian eosinophilia using various agents. AB - A series of experiments is described in which attempts were made to produce an avian eosinophilia using various agents. Although none of the experiments was decisive, two demonstrated a slight rise in the eosinophil counts. In one experiment horse serum was injected into a group of fowls on alternate days for 42 days. No eosinophils were seen in any blood smears after this treatment. After a rest period of eight days the birds received further injections for 10 days. The mean eosinophil count rose to over 4 per cent with a range of 1 to 11 per cent. It is considered that this type of response was due to a mild eosinophilia following an eosinopenia. In another experiment a group of fowls were passively immunised with material from a spontaneously occurring eosinophilic bird. Half the birds were placed in cages previously occupied by birds with high eosinophil counts. The other half was housed in another bird room. The results showed that the first group of birds consistently had more than twice the number of circulating eosinophils (3.4 per cent) compared with those of the second group (1.6 per cent). Since this increase appeared to be unrelated to the treatment other causal factors must be considered. PMID- 7255893 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the tracheal epithelium of calves inoculated with bovine herpesvirus 1. AB - Tracheal epithelium was examined by light, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy at four, five and seven days after calves were infected intranasally with bovine herpesvirus. Similar areas were examined from uninoculated calves. Tracheal epithelial lesions were found in all inoculated calves and their degree of severity did not vary with the interval between inoculation and examination. Extensive loss of cilia leaving areas of tracheal epithelium covered by microvilli was the main feature. PMID- 7255894 TI - The utilisation of glycerol by sheep. AB - Increased but steady concentrations of glycerol and glucose in carotid, jugular and portal plasma of sheep were obtained between 2.5 and 3.5 h after the second of two oral doses of glycerol (2 and a ml/kg body weight with a 6 h interval between) and the concentration of glycerol in portal plasma was greater than in the other vessels. During the last hour of a 3.5 h continuous infusion of [14C]glycerol and [3H]glucose, ie, between 2.5 and 3.5 h after the second dose of glycerol, specific radioactivity(SRA) of glycerol and of [14C] an [3H] glucose were measured in plasma obtained from the three previously mentioned sites in dosed and undosed sheep. Although in dosed sheep the SRA of glycerol in portal plasma was lower than that in jugular plasma, the difference was such that the SRA in jugular plasma could be used to calculate entry rates and the rate of production of glucose from glycerol. Mean (+/- SE) glycerol entry rate in four fed sheep increased from 9.2 +/- 1.2 to 62.7 +/- 0.9 mg C/min after a divided oral dose of glycerol. Mean glucose entry rate increased from 29.0 +/0 3.4 to 58.3 +/- 7.6 mg C/min. The amount of glucose which was derived from glycerol increased from 5.4 +/- 1.6 to 35.5 +/- 3.7 mg C/min. This increase accounted for the increase in total glucose entry. PMID- 7255895 TI - A comparison of intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests in the dog. AB - Glucose and insulin levels were measured at various intervals after oral and intravenous administration of glucose to 12 normal adult crossbred dogs. The pre test diet, starvation period and time of testing were all standardised. The glucose (1 g/kg) was delivered as a 50 per cent solution for the intravenous test and in a constant volume of 50 ml for the oral test. A two way analysis of variance demonstrated significantly greater variability with the oral test. Because of consistency and ease of parameter calculation, it was thought that the intravenous glucose tolerance test would be more accurate for assessing glucose intolerance. An intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed under similar conditions on 12 diabetic dogs and the glucose disappearance constants for the normal and diabetic animals compared for various periods. The disparity between normal and diabetic animals was greatest over the 10 to 60 min period (eight samples). Furthermore, when a three sample (10, 20 and 40 min) subset of this period was used a similar difference was obtained. With either the 10 to 60 min period or the 10, 20, 40 min subset, a glucose disappearance value of 2 or less in a dog indicates glucose intolerance. PMID- 7255896 TI - Erythrocytic Na+ and K+ changes during Babesia bigemina infection in cattle. AB - The levels of Na+ and K+ in whole blood, plasma and erythrocytes were measured during the course of primary Babesia bigemina infection in cattle. There were significant changes in the levels of Na+ and K+ in erythrocytes, but not in plasma. Erythrocytic Na+ decreased and K+ increased during the course of infection, returning to normal two to three weeks later. Similar ionic changes were produced in animals which were bled to cause packed cell volume depression. It is therefore suggested that the changes in erythrocytic Na+ and K+ levels associated with B bigemina infection result from the anaemia rather than simply the presence of the parasites, and can be attributed to the production of young erythrocytes in which the levels of Na+ and K+ are normally reduced and elevated, respectively. Normal values return with recovery from anaemia and maturation of erythrocytes. PMID- 7255898 TI - Failure to protect calves against Taenia saginata using antigens prepared from in vitro cultivation of the larval stage. AB - Calves were vaccinated intramuscularly against the tapeworm Taenia saginata using excretory/secretory (ES) antigens from short and long term periods of in vitro cultivation of the larval stage of the parasite, four weeks before challenge with 5000 T saginata onchospheres. Neither immunisation regime employed afforded significant protection against challenge. It was considered that this may have been due to a reduction in concentration of, or detrimental effects to, potential immunogens during vaccine production. Elucidation of the nature of the protective ES antigens necessary for standardization of the technique has yet to be achieved in helminths. PMID- 7255897 TI - Resistance of Haemonchus contortus to thiophanate. AB - The occurrence of a field strain of Haemonchus contortus which was resistant to thiophanate and susceptible to thiabendazole and levamisole is reported. The LD95 of thiophanate for the strain was found to be 156.1 mg/kg and its resistance factor was 6.7. In possessing specific thiophanate resistance it differed from previously reported thiophanate resistant strains of H contortus which have been benzimidazole resistant worms that have possessed cross resistance to thiophanate. PMID- 7255899 TI - A new tick cell line derived from Boophilus microplus. AB - The Boophilus microplus IX tick cell line was developed from a primary embryonic cell culture derived from eggs six to nine days old. The cell line has been in culture since March 1979 and is currently maintained at 32 degrees C in medium consisting of equal parts of minimum essential medium an Leibovitz 15 medium supplemented with 20 per cent fetal bovine serum, 10 per cent tryptose phosphate broth and 0.1 per cent plasma albumin. A split ratio of 1:2 has been used for all subcultures and the cell line is now in its 26th passage. The cells are predominantly epithelial-like and of the male diploid chromosome number 21. PMID- 7255900 TI - An attempt to immunise dogs against Taenia hydatigena. AB - An attempt was made to immunise dogs against Taenia hydatigena. Worms were cultured in vitro and macromolecular secretions were collected, concentrated and injected in a water-in-oil emulsion into dogs. A high serum antibody titre to these antigens was stimulated but no immunity was induced to a challenge infection of five cysticerci. There was no change in antibody titre following acquisition of the challenge infection. Dogs varied markedly in their susceptibility to this parasite. PMID- 7255901 TI - Cowdria ruminantium (Rickettsiales) in primary goat kidney cell cultures. AB - Fresh or cryopreserved kidney tissue from goats suffering from heart water (Cowdria ruminantium infection) was infective when inoculated intravenously into susceptible goats. Primary kidney cell cultures were established from 14 goats reacting to C ruminantium infection; they were tested for infectivity by intravenous injection into susceptible goats after periods varying from five to 31 days. Three cultures, five, 12 and 13 days old, induced heartwater in recipients. The other 11 cultures, varying in age from six to 31 days, did not cause any reaction and all 11 recipient goats died from heartwater on challenge. C ruminantium could not be detected microscopically in the cell cultures. PMID- 7255903 TI - Five generations of selection with benzimidazole and non-benzimidazole anthelmintics against benzimidazole resistant strains of Haemonchus and Ostertagia spp in sheep. AB - Benzimidazole resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia spp were subjected to selection pressure over five laboratory generations with the recommended dose rates of either cambendazole, oxfendazole or morantel. A change in response, with larger residual worm burdens remaining after treatment at the fifth generation, was shown for both cambendazole and oxfendazole against both species of nematode. No change in response against either species are shown for morantel. The results are discussed in terms of the problem associated with inefficient removal of the adult parasites after treatment. PMID- 7255902 TI - Use of guniea pigs to assay anthelmintic resistance in ovine isolates of Trichostrongylus colubriformis. AB - Guinea pigs infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis were used to develop an assay for anthelmintic resistance by determination of worm burdens following treatment with test anthelmintics. To achieve comparable efficacy with the recommended dose of thiabendazole and levamisole in sheep, dose rates in guinea pigs had to be increased two to four fold. For example, thiabendazole at 100 mg/kg in guinea pigs was 96.6 per cent effective against a thiabendazole susceptible (GS) strain of T colubriformis, but had no effect against a thiabendazole-resistant (VRSG) strain. In sheep 50 mg/kg of thiabendazole would have a similar efficacy against each strain respectively. Morantel tartrate at 10 mg/kg in guinea pigs was 99 to 100 per cent effective against the GS strain but only 54 per cent effective against a morantel resistant (PF4) strain. A slope ratio assay was used to calculate the relative potency of anthelmintics by comparing efficacies against resistant strains with efficacy against the GS strain. Resistance of the VRSG strain to thiabendazole was confirmed with a relative potency for this drug of 0.047 in guinea pigs. The PF4 strain was resistant to both thiabendazole and levamisole which had relative potencies of 0.168 and 0.255 respectively. The advantages of this statistical treatment together with the cost and time savings of the guinea pig model over a conventional critical anthelmintic assay in sheep are discussed. PMID- 7255905 TI - Performance and pathophysiological changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide. PMID- 7255904 TI - Changes in response of a benzimidazole resistant strain of Haemonchus contortus from sheep after passing through calves. AB - A benzimidazole resistant strain of Haemonchus contortus was passaged through lambs only or from lambs to calves and back into lambs. Changes in response to thiabendazole were monitored by using an egg hatch test at each animal passage and by a controlled experiment on adult worms at the final passage in lambs. An increased level of resistance was shown for the isolate during its passage through calves by the egg hatch test, although this was not supported on the adult worms in sheep using a single dose rate of 66 mg/kg of thiabendazole. PMID- 7255906 TI - Anthelmintic efficacy of low-dose phenothiazine against strains of sheep nematodes susceptible or resistant to thiabendazole, levamisole and morantel tartrate: effect on patent infections. AB - The anthelmintic efficacy of low-dose phenothiazine therapy, administered as a 1:40 phenothiazine: molasses mixture, was tested against patent infections of strains of Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia spp susceptible or resistant to thiabendazole (an other benzimidazoles), levamisole and morantel tartrate. Phenothiazine reduced faecal egg output for both susceptible and resistant strains of all three nematodes. In daily doses of 0.25 g per sheep per day and above it completely inhibited larval production in susceptible strains. Against resistant strains, there was a reduced efficiency with 82.3 per cent inhibition of egg hatch at the 0.25 g per sheep per day level. Phenothiazine treatment had no significant effect on worm numbers for either susceptible or resistant worms. It is suggested that benzimidazole-resistant strains may be cross-resistant to phenothiazine. PMID- 7255907 TI - Anthelmintic efficacy of low-dose phenothiazine against strains of sheep nematodes susceptible or resistant to thiabendazole, levamisole and morantel tartrate: efficiency against sequentially administered infections. AB - Low-dose daily phenothiazine therapy, administered as a 1:40 phenothiazine:molasses mixture, was tested against sequential infections of strains of Haemonchus contortus. Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia spp susceptible or resistant to thiabendazole, levamisole and morantel tartrate. Phenothiazine at a dose rate of 0.5 g per sheep per day significantly reduced the numbers of worm eggs per gram of faeces in both susceptible and resistant strains by an average of 48 per cent and 60 per cent respectively. Phenothiazine completely inhibited larval production in susceptible strains. With resistant worms, larval production was depressed by up to 85.7 per cent. Treatment with phenothiazine : molasses mixture reduced the numbers of worms which became established in resistant Ostertagia spp and susceptible T colubriformis but had no effect on the establishment of susceptible H contortus and Ostertagia spp or resistant H contortus and T colubriformis. PMID- 7255908 TI - Sequential study of lymph node and splenic aspirates during Theileria parva infection in calves. AB - The development of Theileria parva infection in calves with partially exteriorised spleens was studied. Macroschizont infected cells were detected in the spleen and prescapular lymph node on the same day following inoculation of stabilate in front of the ear, indicating a haematogenous dissemination of the parasite. Macroschizont infection reached a peak on day 14 in the lymph nodes and in the spleen. The time to the appearance of of piroplasms and the development of parasitaemia were similar in the peripheral blood and in the spleen. The packed cell volume and total while blood cell counts from peripheral blood and splenic aspirates both showed similar changes. There was a marked leucopenia, beginning from the onset of the febrile response, and a mild terminal anaemia. The exteriorisation of the spleen caused little distress or change in the calves and provides a useful technique of monitoring splenic responses during the course of disease. PMID- 7255909 TI - Effect of exogenous hyaluronic acid on joint function in experimentally induced equine osteoarthritis: dosage titration studies. AB - A single intra-articular injection of 20 or 40 mg of purified hyaluronic acid of rooster comb origin resulted in restoration of normal joint function in horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis. The functional improvement, measured by pressure sensitive force plate techniques, was detectable within one week after treatment and persisted throughout a four week experimental period despite continued use of the joints. The response was dose dependent in that injection of 0 (saline), 5 or 10 mg hyaluronic acid per joint space resulted in no significant change in joint function while dosages of 20 or 40 mg produced maximum improvement. PMID- 7255910 TI - Effects of placental weight and maternal nutrition on the growth rates of individual fetuses in single and twin bearing ewes during late pregnancy. AB - Daily changes in the curved crown-rump length (CRL) of individual fetal sheep were measured using a device inserted into the fetus at about 90 days of gestation. Fetal dimensions and placental weight were measured at 142 days. Fetal growth rates were determined from changes in the observed CRL after 100 days of gestation, published data on the relationship between CRL and weight, and the observed weight at 142 days. In ewes that were adequately nourished throughout pregnancy the fetal CRL increased by about 6.5 mm per day until at least 120 days of gestation and then the rate decreased to a minimum of 3.7 mm per day by 132 days. When ewes were fed an inadequate diet between 112 and 142 days, the rate of change in fetal CRL decreased within three days from about 6.5 to 3.7 mm per day and subsequently decreased to 2.9 mm per day by 132 days of gestation. In ewes that were adequately nourished except for a period of inadequate feeding between 112 and 132 days of gestation the fetal CRL increased at similar rates to those in the second group until 132 days and then at 3.6 mm per day. Within each group placental weight was correlated positively with the total increments in CRL (observed) and weight (derived) between 112 and 142 days of gestation and with the 142 day values for CRL, girth and weight. Most differences between single and twin fetuses were attributable to differences in placental weight. PMID- 7255911 TI - Comparison of measurements of glucose flux rates in wethers and in pregnant and lactating ewes using C14 and H3 labelled tracers. AB - Glucose flux rates (GFR) were determined, from plateau glucose specific radioactivity values obtained during continuous infusions of [U - 14C] + [2 - 3H], [U - 14C] + [3 - 3H] and [U - 14C] + [6 - 3H] glucose tracers, in wethers fed either 800 g per day of poor quality hay plus 400 g barley per day. GFR determined with [U - 14C] glucose ranged from 15 to 24 mmoles per hour on the hay diet and from 22 to 34 mmoles per hour on the hay plus barley diet. The variation in GRF within animals and between days accounted for most of the total variability. GFR determined with [6 - 3H] glucose were similar to those estimated with [U - 14C] glucose but those determined with [2 - 3H] and [3 - 3H] glucoses were 14 per cent higher. GFR were also determined with [U - 14C] + [6 - 3H] glucose tracers in pregnant ewes fed 1000 g medium quality hay plus 400 g concentrate and in lactating ewes fed different amounts of medium quality hay plus concentrate. GFR, determined with [U - 14C] glucose, ranged from 27 to 49 mmoles per hour in pregnancy and from 54 to 83 mmoles per hour in lactation. At approximately 125 days' gestation there was a significant positive relationship between GFR and total lamb birth weight. Estimates of GFR with [6 - 3H] glucose were 21 per cent higher in pregnancy and 15 per cent higher in lactation than the simultaneous estimates with [U - 14C] glucose. PMID- 7255912 TI - Arrested development of intestinal Trichostrongylus spp in grazing sheep and seasonal changes in the relative abundance of T colubriformis and T vitrinus. AB - Epidemiological studies over a seven year period in the non seasonal rainfall zone in Australia showed a biphasic pattern in intestinal Trichostrongylus spp worm burdens of tracer lambs, with T colubriformis predominating in the autumn peak with T vitrinus in the spring peak. Inhibition of these species was recorded which was not obviously associated with the size of the worm burden, developing resistance of the host or environmental conditions experienced by the free living stages. Possible seasons for the seasonal change in the incidence of the two species and occurrence of inhibition are discussed. PMID- 7255913 TI - Production of Heinz body anaemia in the domestic fowl after ingestion of dimethyl disulphide: a haematological and ultrastructural study. AB - Dimethyl disulphide, a breakdown product of the amino acid S-methylcysteine sulphoxide present in high concentrations in the Brassica family, was fed to a group of adult fowls and the effects were studied haematologically and ultrastructurally. By the seventh day of the experiment Heinz bodies had appeared in most of the red blood cells and between the eighth and 12th days the birds showed leg weakness, feather ruffling and lethargy. The Heinz bodies were divided into two different morphological forms and many vacuoles were also present in these cells. The haemoglobin levels and packed cell volumes were significantly lower that those of the controls and in turn the mean cell haemoglobin and especially the mean cell haemoglobin concentration values were reduced. PMID- 7255914 TI - Effect of aspirin on haemostasis in the horse. PMID- 7255915 TI - The in vivo effect of levamisole on phytohaemagglutinin stimulation of lymphocytes in normal and Marek's disease virus inoculated chickens. PMID- 7255916 TI - Successful passive transfer of resistance to Fasciola hepatica infection in rats by immune serum and transfer factor. AB - Resistance to Fasciola hepatica was shown by a 64 per cent reduction in fluke recovery compared with control rats was recorded in rats inoculated with serum from sheep experimentally infected with F hepatica. A comparable reduction (55.6 per cent) was obtained using transfer factor prepared from lysed leucocytes of infected rats. No significant reduction was obtained using transfer factor prepared from sheep or calves. PMID- 7255917 TI - Measurement of the rate of death of canine transmissible venereal tumour cells transplanted into dogs and nude mice. AB - An intranuclear isotope labelling technique in which the fate of cells labelled with I125-iododeoxyuridine (I125UdR) is monitored, has been adapted for use with dogs. The death rate of injected labelled cells is followed by measuring the appearance of label in the urine. Only a small proportion of injected labelled canine transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) cells survive to contribute to tumour formation when the TVT is transmitted by subcutaneous injection. TVT has also been grown in athymic nude mice and tumour was successfully retransferred to dogs from a nude mouse tumour. Using conventional I125UdR techniques, rapid death of the majority of TVT cells transplanted into nude mice was again encountered. The correlation of dog and nude mouse results emphasises the usefulness of the nude mouse as a model for investigating the kinetics of xenografted tumours. PMID- 7255918 TI - Virus contamination of bovine testis cell cultures. PMID- 7255919 TI - Effect of population density on growth and development of Taenia hydatigena in dogs. AB - Groups of puppies were infected with either one, five, 10, 20 or 40 cysticerci of Taenia hydatigena and necropsied 70 days later. The number of worms recovered from each group was proportional to the number of cysticerci fed. Individual weights of worms decreased significantly with increasing numbers. The lengths of worms and relative numbers of pregravid and gravid proglottids also decreased with increasing population density. Gravid segments were present on some worms at all population densities. PMID- 7255920 TI - Effects of colostrum on summit metabolic rate in Scottish blackface lambs at five hours old. AB - The feeding of colostrum to newborn lambs led to a 17 to 20 per cent increase in summit metabolic rate estimated at five hours of age. This increase would significantly enhance the survival potential of the newborn lamb in the field. Respiratory quotient during summit metabolism and changes in plasma composition suggested that the carbohydrate content of the colostrum was a major contributor to the increase in summit metabolic rate. PMID- 7255921 TI - Male tortoiseshell cats: an examination of testicular histology and chromosome complement. PMID- 7255922 TI - Studies on the sympathetic nervous system: the Valsalva like manoeuvre in sheep. AB - The Valsalva like manoeuvre (VLM) was examined as a test of the responsiveness of the autonomic nervous system in sheep. Within individuals, imipramine pretreatment enhanced the peak blood pressure and heart rate responses to the VLM and atropine prolonged the tachycardia without influencing the peak responses. Between individuals, the peak blood pressure response was related to the degree of hypotension during raised airway pressure (r = 0.77). The degree of hypotension was, in turn, related to gut fill (r = 0.64). Differences in gut fill were ascribed as a cause of variation in the heart rate and blood pressure responses between individual sheep and between the Scottish Blackface and Southdown breeds. PMID- 7255923 TI - Passive transfer of humoral resistance to Fasciola hepatica in rats and rabbits. PMID- 7255924 TI - Experimental genital infection of heifers with ureaplasmas. PMID- 7255925 TI - Isolation of mycobacteria inducing cross-reactions in the complement fixation test for Johne's disease. AB - Eight bulls which gave positive reactions in the complement fixation test for Johne's disease were identified in a group of 29 bulls which had previously given only negative reactions at repeated annual tests. One reacting bull was confirmed to be infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis at autopsy, but another reactor which was slaughtered had no visible lesions and mycobacteria were not recovered in culture. Faecal samples from seven further bulls (six reactors and one non-reactor) yielded mycobacteria which were not dependent on mycobactin for growth. When one of these strains was injected into two calves they developed positive reactions in the complement fixation test for Johne's disease and to intradermal skin testing with purified protein derivatives of M avium, M paratuberculosis and M bovis. The strains did not satisfy the exact requirements for classification into any recognised mycobacterial species. PMID- 7255926 TI - Coccidiosis in rabbits: a field study. AB - During a survey 1052 faecal samples were examined in commercial and domestic rabbitries in Belgium. Nine different species of Eimeria were recognised. E magna, E media and E perforans were very common in both production methods. E flavescens, E intestinalis and E stiedai occurred more commonly in traditionally reared rabbits. E stiedai was not recorded in commercial rabbitries. E coecicola, E irresidua and E piriformis were less common. Oocyst output was suppressed in increasing efficacy by clopidol, sulphaquinoxaline/pyrimethamine (10:1), sulphadimidine and robenidine (P less than 0.01). The use of a droppings pit reduced the level of coccidial infection significantly compared with a sledge type of cleaning mechanism (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7255927 TI - Presence of a complete endothelial barrier between lymph and lymphoid tissue in the lumbar lymph nodes of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos). AB - The ultrastructure of the lumbar lymph nodes of the domestic duck is described and compared with published accounts of mammalian lymph nodes. The barrier to cell migration between lymphoid tissue and lymph is more formidable in the duck than in the mammal. In the duck the lymphatic endothelium lining the lymph spaces is continuous and bonded with desmosomes whereas in the mammal it is unbonded and fenestrated. In both types of node there are filtering zones and areas of dense lymphatic tissue but their topographical organisation differs. There is no cortex or medulla in the duck lymph node and filtration occurs in extensive lymphatic spaces traversed by numerous trabeculae to which are attached rounded phagocytic macrophages. Dense lymphoid tissue is scattered throughout the node, suspended by trabeculae or attached to the capsule and there are blood vessels analogous to the post capillary venules of mammalian nodes where lymphocytes migrate between blood and lymphoid tissue. PMID- 7255928 TI - Stimulation of resistance to Fasciola hepatica infection in sheep by a regime involving the use of the immunomodulatory compound L tetramisole (levamisole). AB - The effect of prior nematode and cestode infection in sheep on the course of experimental Fasciola hepatica was studied. The cross immunising properties of these parasites per se and the modification of any protective effect conferred by the immunomodulatory compound L tetramisole (levamisole) were investigated. It was recorded that no protection was conferred on sheep against F hepatica infection by virtue of prior infection with any helminth species per se, including Cysticercus tenuicollis. However, a degree of immunity to F hepatica was recorded, for only the second time, in sheep primed with helminth infections before treatment with levamisole. This is the first demonstration of a beneficial effect conferred by levamisole by virtue of its immunomodulatory properties in ruminants infected with any helminth species. Resistance was shown by a 47 per cent reduction in flukes recovered from sheep treated in this way (P less than 0.05). PMID- 7255929 TI - Sympathetic innervation of the nasal mucosa of the pig. AB - Nasal disorders such as atrophic rhinitis in the pig are widespread and are of economic importance in livestock production. A better understanding of the basic physiology of the nasal mucosa could help in the study and treatment of nasal disorders. This paper presents a simple method which may prove useful in studies on the autonomic innervation of the nasal blood vessels. The results demonstrate the great sensitivity of the nasal blood vessels to sympathetic activity and indicate that there may be a vascular connection between the two nasal passages. PMID- 7255930 TI - Hypersensitivity in rats infected with Fasciola hepatica: lack of correlation between serum reaginic antibody levels and rejection of flukes. PMID- 7255931 TI - Hypersensitivity in rats infected with Fasciola hepatica: possible role in protection against a challenge infection. AB - Rats infected with Fasciola hepatica showed an increase in intestinal mast cells which reached a peak between four and six weeks and fell to control levels by week 14. Following a challenge infection sensitised rats showed evidence of a transitory mild intestinal anaphylactic response. The numbers of intestinal eosinophils, already increased as a result of the primary infection, were rapidly supplemented. In previously uninfected rats the majority of flukes penetrated the mid gut region, but in sensitised rats there was a shift towards the caecal end. Resistance to challenge and a pronounced intestinal eosinophil response were evident in previously infected rats irrespective of the presence or absence of detectable serum reaginic antibody. Systemic anaphylaxis, induced by intravenous fluke antigen administration, occurred whether serum reagins could be detected or not. PMID- 7255932 TI - Liver ultrastructure in pigs fed various oils. AB - In order to determine the effects of various dietary oils on the porcine liver, four groups of 10- to 11-week-old pigs received feed supplemented with either 10 per cent rapeseed oil (RO) of Tower (0.4 per cent erucic acid) or Target (30.2 per cent erucic acid) varieties, Atlantic herring oil, or soybean oil for 10 weeks. The ultrastructural appearance of the livers from pigs of a fifth group receiving no oil was compared with that from the livers of pigs fed dietary supplements of the four oils. Alterations induced by Tower RO (low erucic acid content) consisted of an increase in the extent and number of the following features in the hepatocytes: an increased number of tortuous cisternae of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, signet ring-shaped mitochondria and cytoplasmic lacunae. Bile canalicular lumina were occluded by swollen microvilli and, or, globules of a lipid-like material. Alterations caused by Target RO (high erucic acid content) in hepatocytes were similar to those induced by Tower RO. Lesions seen in the pigs fed herring oil included an excess of membrane limited lipid droplets and an accumulation of electron dense bodies in the Golgi zone of liver parenchymal cells. Many bile canaliculi were dilated. A soybean oil supplement resulted in an accumulation of clusters of minute lipid droplets in hepatocytes and a stacking of mitochondrial cristae. It is concluded that the alterations represent functional modifications of hepatocytic metabolism in response to the oil supplements. PMID- 7255933 TI - Observations on plasma gastrin and plasma pepsinogen in relation to weaning and gastric (pars oesophagea) ulceration in pigs. AB - Plasma gastrin and pepsinogen were measured at weekly intervals in 38 pigs from weaning at about four weeks of age until slaughter at 24 weeks. Plasma gastrin was 104 +/- 6.2, 85 +/- 11.2, 126 +/- 11.67 mol per litre in the pigs aged four, five and six weeks and 43 +/- 2.57, 31 +/- 2.29, 17 +/- 0.87 mol per litre when they were 21, 22 and 23 weeks old. Sixteen of the pigs had apparently normal stomachs, the remainder had some degree of epithelial hyperplasia and, or, ulceration of the pars oesophagea of the stomach. No differences were detected between plasma gastrin and plasma pepsinogen in pigs with normal stomachs and those showing evidence of epithelial hyperplasia or ulceration of the pars oesophagea. If ulcers of this region arise from hypersecretion of gastric acid some factor(s) other than gastrin appear to be involved. The possibility is discussed that the progressive decline in plasma gastrin is part of the maturation process. PMID- 7255934 TI - Globule leucocytes and Peyer's patches in lambs infected with coccidia. AB - In a study of intestinal tissues from worm-free lambs experimentally infected with coccidia, the population of globule leucocytes was on average nine times higher in the mucosa overlying Peyer's patches than in the adjacent mucosa. Mucosal mast cell populations in the two areas were not significantly different. There was evidence of increased migration of globule leucocytes into the villus epithelium in response to coccidial infection. PMID- 7255935 TI - Use of sorbitol in the cryopreservation of babesia. AB - Blood collected from mice infected with Babesia microti was frozen at two different rates to -196 degrees C using 19 per cent (w/v) glycerol as cryoprotectant. Survival of the parasites was measured by recording the parasitaemias of mice inoculated with thawed blood. Parasite survival was increased by using a solution of sorbitol in saline rather than Hanks' balanced salt solution as the diluent for the glycerol and for washing the recovered blood. PMID- 7255936 TI - Comparison of glucose and acetate as substrates for lipid synthesis in bovine adipocytes. AB - The metabolic capacity of bovine adipocytes was studied using isolated cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue of four dairy cows before and after calving. The lipogenic capacity was assessed by measuring the incorporation of 14C-glucose and 14C-acetate into lipid. In the cells taken from the cows before calving, 14C acetate was incorporated into lipid at a much higher rate than 14C-glucose but, after calving, incorporation of both substrates was very low. The results show that 14C-acetate uptake into lipid is a more sensitive indicator of the lipogenic capacity of adipocytes of dairy cows. PMID- 7255937 TI - Measurement of airways closing pressure in man. AB - In 7 healthy males, lung static and quasi-static pressure-volume (QS-PV) curves were measured simultaneously with closing volume by the single breath N2 washout test. Comparison was made of four methods for estimation of the closing pressure (CP) at the onset of phase IV. In the first method the transpulmonary pressure (PL) that directly coincided on the tracing with onset of phase IV was measured, results varied widely with a mean of -1.3 +/- 2.2 cm H2O (X +/- SD). The second method was to identify on the QS-PV curve the point of transition in the shape of the curve from concavity to convexity. This method yielded a mean CP of 2.8 +/- 1.7 cm. H2O, bu did not correlate statistically with closing capacity (r = 0.07, p greater than 0.05). The third method was to treat the whole PV volume corresponding to the onset of phase IV, and calculate PL at this point. This method yielded CP of 2.1 +/- 0.76 cm H2O. When the same method was applied to static PV curve, CP was 2.0 +/- 0.7 cm H2O. Conformity of CP values obtained using extrapolation methods to those expected from theoretical considerations and from in vitro measurements suggests that the extrapolation methods most likely yield the true PL at the onset of airway closure. PMID- 7255938 TI - Measurement of respiratory mechanics with forced oscillations. Comparison of two methods (Siregnost FD 5 versus a pseudorandom noise technique). AB - Two methods for measuring respiratory mechanics by forced oscillations were compared, one using a frequency spectrum of 2-32 Hz produced by a pseudorandom noise generator (PRN), the other (Siregnost FD 5) a constant frequency of 10 Hz. In normals and patients with various lung diseases real part of impedance, Re, and phase angle, psi, determined at 10Hz with the two devices correlated well; however, Re measured by Siregnost FD 5 was always higher when compared to PRN. In patients with airway obstruction frequency dependence of resistance and reactance could be shown to be related to the severity of the disease. This important information cannot be obtained by Siregnost FD 5. As Siregnost FD 5 is a simple and reliable method, it is a valuable completion of standard lung function methods. However, for detailed analysis the respiratory system should be investigated at a variety of frequencies. PMID- 7255939 TI - Intrapulmonary gas transport of He and SF6 in healthy subjects and patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - Intrapulmonary mixing of inert gases of different diffusivity, He and SF6, was studied in 5 healthy subjects before and after bronchoconstriction induced by acetylcholine and in 4 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease by analyzing alveolar plateaus, determined at various breath-holding times, tBH. The following results were obtained: (a) In healthy subjects in patients the slope of the alveolar plateau-e.e. the partial pressure difference between 750 and 1,250 ml of expirate-decreased for both gases with increasing 5BH.(b) In healthy subjects complete mixing within the alveolar space occurred faster for He than for SF6. In the patients the change of the alveolar slope was similar for both gases and no horizontal plateau was attained within the experimental range of tBH.(c) In healthy subjects after bronchoconstriction the behavior of the alveolar plateaus resembled that of the patients. However, the differences between He and SF6 were smaller. From these results we suggest that in healthy subjects efficient mixing of inspired gas with lung gas is brought about by diffusion and convection. After acetylcholine these mechanisms are less effective to overcome the inequalities produced by parallel inhomogeneities. In the patients there is a considerable decrease in overall mixing efficiency, probably due to large diffusional resistance within peripheral lung units, so that convection here is the main mechanism contributing to a flattening of the alveolar plateau. PMID- 7255940 TI - Use of isovolume flow curves in the detection of exercise-induced bronchospasm. AB - A simple 9-min progressive cycle ergometer test revealed exercise-induced bronchospasm in 23 of 29 asthmatic subjects (80%) in terms of a 15% decrement in the isovolume forced expiratory flow rate at 50% of the baseline vital capacity (Vmax iso 50%VC). A similar percentage was detected by the Vmax iso 60% TLC (78%), but that found with the FVC (35%) and FEV1.0 (48%) was somewhat lower The maximum change of Vmax iso 50%VC following exercise in normal subjects was -5.2 +/- 2.1%. The Vmax iso 50%VC thus combines sensitivity with specificity, and seems a very suitable procedure for routine clinical use. Asthmatics showing a positive reaction to this test were distinguished by poor pre-exercise lung function. PMID- 7255941 TI - Airways response to inhaled tobacco smoke: time course, dose dependence and effect of volume history. AB - We have measured puff by puff the effect of smoking three brands of cigarettes with different composition on airways resistance (Raw) thoracic gas volume (TGV) and the maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curve. Raw increased significantly with all three brands of cigarettes after one puff. The maximum effect was reached after three puffs. Instantaneous flow at 50% of vital capacity (FEF50) decreased significantly with cigarettes high in nicotine content, but not so after smoking a low nicotine (0.31 mg) cigarette. Instantaneous flow at 75% of vital capacity out (FEF75) increased significantly 30 min after the low nicotine cigarette was smoked. A deep inspiration prior to Raw determination reduced by approximately one third the bronchoconstrictor effect of cigarette smoke. All effects were reversible within 30 min, except the delayed effect of the low nicotine cigarette on the FEF75. We conclude that the probable site of action of tobacco smoke is in the large and central airways. The bronchoconstrictor effect rapidly reaches a plateau. A delayed bronchodilation of the small airways observed after smoking the low nicotine cigarette might represent a response usually masked by other long-acting components in smoke. We suggest that the airway response to tobacco smoke is complex and probably a result of several components present in smoke which still have to be identified. PMID- 7255942 TI - Closed-chest intracardiac injection. PMID- 7255943 TI - An educational training program for the care at the site of injury of trauma to the central nervous system. AB - The treatment of head and spinal cord injuries must be directed towards prevention of secondary insults which will increase the extent of permanent disability. Improved extrication techniques at the scene of the accident, earlier recognition and treatment of complications and improved transfer management have all reduced the acute morbidity and mortality of injuries to the central nervous system. At the University of Virginia we have implemented a comprehensive training program in the acute care of the head and spinal cord injured patient for Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT), nurse, community referring physicians, and house staff within the medical center. A booklet, prepared for care at the site of injury, outlines the assessment, care and intervention with the head and spinal injury patient for the EMT. Another booklet provides guidelines for care of the patient in the emergency department. Included here are instructions in respiratory care, adequate circulation and spinal splinting. The greatest emphasis is placed on the history and physical examinations, which documentation of the extent of neurologic deficit, including the Glasgow coma scale. Data on 900 pre-hospital calls by volunteer EMTs demonstrate a 90% compliance in basic life support skills outlined in the educational program. A similar compliance has been achieved with referring physicians and house staff in the medical center, in the acute management of the CNS injured patient, due primarily to this educational program and increase in the optimal care of these patients has resulted. PMID- 7255944 TI - Pre-hospital treatment of the spinal cord patient. PMID- 7255945 TI - Osmolality imbalance in shock. PMID- 7255946 TI - On the intracardiac use of combined adrenaline, isoprenaline and noradrenaline in the resuscitation of the heart beat - A review of resuscitation, Part II. AB - A combination of three cardiokinetics - adrenaline, isoprenaline, and noradrenaline, ("AIN") - have been rather widely used in certain hospitals of the People's Republic of China since the beginning of the 1970s. "AIN" was initially used by intracardiac injection in an attempt to restart the asystolic heart when other therapies failed. Fifty-nine cases of restoration of the heart action with various therapies were analyzed. It was concluded that "AIN" could be recommended as first-aid drugs in the restoration of difficult cases with asystolic hearts, but not under any condition or in every case. In the patients with potential arrhythmias, such as may occur in myocardial infarction, "AIN" may induce refractory ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 7255947 TI - Equipment for the provision of airway warming (insulation) in the treatment of accidental hypothermia in patients. PMID- 7255949 TI - Emergency management of head injuries. AB - Sophisticated care of the head injury patient in the emergency department does not demand sophisticated knowledge of neurosurgery. Instead it depends upon: (1) Meticulous attention to the fundamental principles of resuscitation; (B) Prevention of secondary cardiopulmonary abnormalities which can further injure the traumatized brain; (C) Performance of serial neurologic examinations. (In the case of acute head injury, a simple neurologic examination performed repeatedly usually provides the physician with more useful information than a more elaborate examination performed only once). (D) Consultation with the neurosurgeon. If there is any possibility that neurosurgical consultation might enhance the emergency department management of the patient, one should not hesitate to contact him. There is no question that protocols for any phase of emergency management of central nervous system (CNA) trauma are of no values unless there is a high degree of compliance. This can only be achieved through persons dedicated to training emergency medical technicians, nurses and physicians in the optimal care that can be afforded these patients. If advances are to be made in decreasing the morbidity and mortality of the CNS trauma patient, those actively involved in emergency medicine are going to have to take an active role in training programs, seminars and clinical practice for physicians, emergency department nurses, and emergency medical technicians. PMID- 7255948 TI - Continuous tissue pH and transcutaneous PO2 measurement as an index of tissue perfusion in critically ill patients. AB - Measurements of transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) and tissue pH (pHt) were compared with arterial values in 28 critically ill patients. Eleven of the patients were undergoing continuous flow cardiopulmonary bypass and the other 17 were admitted to the Intensive Therapy Unit (ITU) suffering from a variety of medical and surgical disorders. A total of 135 observations were made on the 28 patients. The overall correlation between the two sets of measurements was poor. The correlation coefficient (r) between arterial PO2 (Pa,O2) and tcPO2 was 0.41 (P less than 0.01) and between arterial pH (pHa) and pHt 0.67 (P less than 0.01). However, the value varied greatly in different groups of patients. In those patients with cardiopulmonary failure, the tcPO2 and pHt measurements rapidly and accurately reflected changes in peripheral tissue perfusion, by contrast the core peripheral temperature deficit did not change significantly. It is concluded that the technique can be used as a sensitive index of peripheral blood flow and may have prognostic significance PMID- 7255950 TI - Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid acid-base balance and gas content in shock. PMID- 7255951 TI - Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid free amino acid concentration in post-traumatic cerebral oedema in patients with shock. PMID- 7255952 TI - A simple rapid identification of psychotropic drugs by infrared spectrophotometry in emergency--preliminary description. PMID- 7255953 TI - Natural history of global and critical brain ischaemia. Part II: EEG and neurological signs in patients remaining unconscious after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - Of 125 patients who had no detectable cortical activity (DCA) on the electroencephalograph (EEG) immediately upon resuscitation from circulatory arrest of primary cardiovascular aetiology, 88 remained unconscious; these patients had their EEG and neurological status serially investigated until they died. Immediately upon re-establishment of circulation all cerebral functions could be absent; the brain death (irreversible loss of functions) was then signified by the appearance of poikilothermia, diabetes insipidus and reflex extension of the upper limb. Most often, some cranial nerve reflexes were present; the EEG configurations and related neurological signs then appeared in a sequence which resembled orderly postischaemic recovery: A phase without DCA was at first characterized by an exclusive presence of cranial nerve reflexes and then by the appearance of decerebrate posturing this phase was followed by another phase of intermittent cortical activity (ICA) with decorticate and stereotypic motor responses and a phase of continuous cortical activity (CCA) accompanied by stereotypic reactivity. These phases were most often incomplete due to failure of recovery of some cranial nerve reflexes or were abnormal due to the appearance of intermittent spikes and sharp waves. Progressive recovery could stagnate at any step and the cerebral functions be lost abruptly or gradually in reverse order of recovery. The decay was invariably due to cardiovascular or pulmonary complications. Brain autopsy revealed extensive neuronal loss and intravital autolytic changes in patients who had fulfilled clinical criteria of brain death for more than 72 h, but the histopathology showed no relationship to other clinical findings during the postischaemic course. PMID- 7255954 TI - Natural history of global and critical brain ischaemia. Part III: cerebral prognostic signs after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cerebral recovery course and rate during the first year after global and critical ischaemia monitored and predicted by EEG and neurological signs. AB - The monitoring and predictive value of the electroencephalography (EEG) and neurological signs was evaluated in 125 patients who had sustained critical brain ischaemia during circulatory arrest of primary cardiovascular aetiology. Cranial nerve areflexia with mydriasis or extension of the upper limb in response to cutaneous stimulation reliably indicated brain death and appearance of the flexion reflex or of intermittent spikes and sharp waves in the EEG predicted an unfavourable outcome; but other EEG configurations and nuerological signs per se were inaccurate variables to assess the outcome. By contrast, the recovery course and rate were accurately assessed by the time for appearance of cerebral functions; the caloric vestibular reflex, decorticate posturing, stereotypic reactivity, intermittent and continuous electrocortical activity were regained within ultimate time limits of 900, 540, 455, 450, and 1020 min, respectively, corresponding to the longest delay compatible with recovery of function at all, and within critical time limits of 165, 180, 180, 200, and 630 min, respectively, corresponding to the longest delay compatible with recovery of consciousness. Moreover, intermittent electrocortical activity, consciousness, speech and ability to cope with personal necessities were regained within supercritical time limits of 3, 47, 156, and 336 h, respectively, corresponding to the longest delay compatible with complete restoration of post-awakening faculties within 1 year of resuscitation. Prognosis was currently ascertained during the period of unconsciousness as cephalic reactivities, and electrocortical activities were regained in an exponential relationship to time. Bradycardia or asystole prior to resuscitation and metabolic acidosis, hypotensive heart failure, recurrent circulatory arrest and pneumonia thereafter influenced the cerebral recovery adversely. PMID- 7255955 TI - [The familial genesis of peripheral pulmonary stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255956 TI - [An autopsy case report: right bundle branch block during transvenous ventricular pacing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255958 TI - [Continuous measurement of respiratory resistance in exercise test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255957 TI - [The effect of cold air and exercise on the parameters of airway mechanics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255959 TI - [Clinical significance of blood lactate level during maximum work in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255960 TI - [Ventilatory control during exercise in chronic pulmonary emphysema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255961 TI - [Interrelation between FEV1.0% and MEFV curve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255962 TI - [Blood prostaglandins levels in patients with pulmonary emphysema--blood prostaglandins levels at air inhalation and oxygen inhalation, and the difference between arterial blood prostaglandins levels and mixed venous blood prostaglandins levels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255963 TI - [Effects of nonpulsatile flow in the systemic and pulmonary circulation on the impedance cardiogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255965 TI - [Electrophysiological examination in patients with A-V block--special reference to sinus node function and ventricular recovery time (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255964 TI - [Effects of spontaneous respiration on echocardiographic measurement of the right ventricular dimension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255966 TI - [The important problems for mitral stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255967 TI - [Monitoring system of cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism. Part I. Measurement of cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen consumption by use of argon and mass spectrometry in clinical cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255968 TI - [Development of computer assisted VCG analysis system and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255969 TI - [Post-operative mechanical ventilatory support and circulatory care for the esophageal cancer surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255970 TI - [Intermittent claudication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255971 TI - [Measurement of the left ventricular volume by real-time two dimensional echocardiography--its application in the ischemic heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255972 TI - [Evaluation of the myocardial infarct size using thallium-201 scintiphotography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255973 TI - [Clinical evaluation of coronary perfusion with myocardial imaging in patients with ischemic heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255975 TI - [Escape-capture bigeminy due to 3: 1 intra-hisian block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255974 TI - [Evaluation of pacemaker induced endocardial friction rub by intracardiac phonocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255976 TI - [Aneurysm of the mitral valve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255977 TI - [Echocardiographic measurement of the heart and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255978 TI - [Measurement of the heart by computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255979 TI - [Measurement of cardiac volume by angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255980 TI - [A new analyzer for defective cardiac pacemaker (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255981 TI - [The effect of isosorbide dinitrate on the pulmonary arterial system in patients with pulmonary hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255982 TI - [Changes of peripheral circulation in patients with acute myocardial infarction- non-invasive observation by the lower limb venous occlusion plethysmography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255984 TI - [Design and application of pan-using medical data base system (PUBLIC) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255983 TI - [Cnsld, copd, cold, cao, cal? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255985 TI - [Rehabilitation for respiratory diseases--pathophysiology of respiratory muscles (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255986 TI - [Recent advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255987 TI - [Effects of air-emboli-induced reversible pulmonary hypertension on lung lymph in unanesthetized sheep (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255988 TI - [Measurement of radius of the digital artery in patients with vibration disease- comparison of actual measurement with theoretical value (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255989 TI - [Protection of ischemic myocardium by verapamil (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255992 TI - [Evaluation of cardiac involvement through electrocardiogram in patients with sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255991 TI - [Mitral stenosis today--changing in clinical features, and its diagnostic problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255990 TI - [Comparative effects of disopyramide and lidocaine on negative inotropic action- evaluation by multigated RI angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255993 TI - [Clinical study on kinetics to pressure energy ratio in the ejection period of the left ventricle in open heart surgery of congenital heart diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255994 TI - [Measurement of cardiac output by thermodilution and Fick methods in man- problems in case of tricuspid regurgitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255995 TI - [A case of Wenckebach phenomenon due to block within the His bundle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7255996 TI - Cranio-caudal rib cage distortion with increasing inspiratory airflow in man. AB - Changes in anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the chest wall, in cranial and caudal esophageal pressure (delta Pes), and diaphragm (Adi) and cranial intercostal muscle activity (Aic) were measured in supine and seated subjects during relaxation and full inspirations from FRC at constant slow or high flow rates. No distortion of the rib cage occurred during relaxation of slow inspirations. During fast inspirations cranial part of rib cage expanded relatively more than caudal one because of greater Aic for any level of Adi. Rib cage distortion during fast inspirations, as well as the occurring between seated and supine posture, was directionally consistent with flow or posture related redistribution of apicobasal lung expansion, suggesting that changes in rib cage shape affect regional lung expansion also in man. During relaxation or slow inspirations cranio-caudal difference in delta Pes (delta Pc-c) was essentially nil over all the inspiratory capacity. During fast inspirations delta Pc-c was negative (seated posture) or nil (supine posture) for small lung volume increments, positive for large volume increments. Delta Pc-c dependence on lung volume is compatible with the response of a model consisting of two parallel compartments with different degree of expansion at FRC and equal volume dependent mechanical properties. PMID- 7255997 TI - Glucose metabolism accelerates the decline of hypoxic vasoconstriction in rat lungs. AB - Isolated lungs lose the vasoconstrictor response to airway hypoxia with time of perfusion. In isolated rat lungs this loss was accelerated by the addition to perfusate of glucose or pyruvate. The addition of 3-0-methyl glucoside (a non metabolizable glucose analog) or saline (a solvent control) did not change the rate of decline of hypoxic vasoconstriction. An inhibitor of glucose metabolism (2-deoxy-D-glucose) augmented the hypoxic pressor response. Vasoconstrictor responses to angiotensin II and KCL were not affected by any of the additions. There were no differences in perfusate osmolality among groups of lungs. These results suggest that glucose accelerated the decline of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by a metabolic, not an osmotic, effect. There may be an important link between lung glucose metabolism and the hypoxic pressor response. PMID- 7255998 TI - The quantification of respiratory sensations by normal subjects. AB - The technique of open magnitude scaling was used in normal subjects to define the exponent (n) of Stevens; psychophysical power law for four respiratory variables: tidal volume (VT), inspiratory flow (V), ventilation (Ve), and frequency (f). Stevens' psychophysical law states that the perceived magnitude (psi) of a stimulus is related to the physical magnitude (phi) by a constant (k) and an exponent (n): psi = kappaphin. The mean value of n was for VT 1.14 plus or minus 0.08 (SEM), V 1.13 plus or minus 0.15, for Ve 1.28 plus or minus 0.11 and for f 1.04 plus or minus 0.15. These results show that these respiratory variables are judged with an expanded sensory scale. The similarity of exponents for VT and V leaves open the possibility tht both are sensed by the same neurophysiological mechanism. Further experiments on VT showed that both passive ventilation and chest vibration impaired the ability of subjects to accurately judge tidal volumes. Our results indicate that the sensation of volume is mediated by afferent information generated by receptors affected by respiratory muscle concentration. PMID- 7255999 TI - Speech audiometry in the post operative hearing loss. PMID- 7256000 TI - [Toward made-to-order auditory correction: the orthotelephonic method]. PMID- 7256001 TI - [Deafness and psychosis]. PMID- 7256003 TI - [Orientation problems of psychotic deaf and psychotic deaf-blind patients]. PMID- 7256002 TI - [Deafness and behavior]. PMID- 7256004 TI - [Aspects of the maturation of the human auditory function]. PMID- 7256005 TI - Voice therapy for vocal nodules and vocal polyps. PMID- 7256006 TI - [An updating on systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7256007 TI - [Should Sharp's syndrome (mixed connective tissue disease) be differentiated from systemic lupus erythematosus?]. PMID- 7256009 TI - [Familial pituitary dwarfism due to isolated growth hormone deficiency (3 cases)]. PMID- 7256008 TI - [Prolactin and gonadotropin function in 35 males with alcohol-induced liver disease]. PMID- 7256010 TI - [Anti-erythrocyte auutoantibodies an autoimmune hemolytic anemia with reference to 80 cases. Aspects specific to the aged]. PMID- 7256011 TI - [Polyamines: clinical, diagnostic and prognostic value]. PMID- 7256013 TI - [Recurrent thromboembolism due to congenital antithrombin III deficiency. Apropos for 4 familial cases]. PMID- 7256012 TI - [Treatment of myasthenia gravis by plasma exchange and immunosuppressors]. PMID- 7256014 TI - [Malignant hypertension and systemic lupus erythematosus: apropos of a case with a favorable outcome]. PMID- 7256015 TI - [Mediterranean kala-azar in 2 adults treated with immunosuppressive agents]. PMID- 7256016 TI - [Radiology in the etiological diagnosis of adrenal hypertension]. PMID- 7256017 TI - [Hypertension in 45 females on oral contraceptives]. PMID- 7256018 TI - [Treatment of retinal vascular accidents]. PMID- 7256019 TI - [Role of renal biopsy in extra-renal forms of disseminated lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7256020 TI - [Fulminant pneumococcal septicemia, asplenia and acute disseminated lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7256022 TI - [Is amineptine hepatotoxic?]. PMID- 7256021 TI - [Paraneoplastic hypouricemia (apropos of 2 cases)]. PMID- 7256023 TI - [Polycythemia disclosing a malignant non-secreting adrenal cortex neoplasm]. PMID- 7256025 TI - [Performance of pulmonary biopsy by fibroscopy. Peculiar indications]. PMID- 7256024 TI - [Echocardiographic study of hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7256026 TI - [Elastic tissue disease with rare rhythm and echocardiographic manifestations]. PMID- 7256027 TI - [Oltipraz in one-day treatment of Schistosoma haematobium bilharziasis (pharmacokinetic data, therapeutic effects)]. PMID- 7256028 TI - [Angiography of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256029 TI - [The cytochemical detection of steroid receptors: a new tool for research in mammary oncology? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256031 TI - [Lymphoproliferative syndromes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256030 TI - [Thyroid autoimmunity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256032 TI - [Histologic classification of malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256033 TI - [The low ionic polycation test for blood compatibility testing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256034 TI - [Various frequent drug complications. Role of clinical biology in the detection and prevention of undesirable effects of medications]. PMID- 7256035 TI - [Frequent drug complications: hepatic involvement]. PMID- 7256036 TI - [Anatomo-clinical conference: juvenile diabetes]. PMID- 7256037 TI - [Chronic cerebral insufficiency. Introduction]. PMID- 7256038 TI - [General aspects of chronic cerebral insufficiency]. PMID- 7256039 TI - [Neuropathologic aspects of chronic cerebral insufficiency]. PMID- 7256040 TI - [Pharmacological aspects of chronic cerebral insufficiency]. PMID- 7256041 TI - [The diagnosis of chronic cerebral insufficiency]. PMID- 7256042 TI - [Psychological approach for a population of children consulting for obesity]. PMID- 7256043 TI - [Endogenous infections due to strictly anaerobic germs]. PMID- 7256044 TI - [Drug-induced ulceration of the esophagus]. PMID- 7256045 TI - [Only direct blood volume determination enables the distinction between polycythemia due to plasma volume reduction and true, primary or secondary polyglobulia]. PMID- 7256046 TI - [The anamnesis of 24 obese patients]. PMID- 7256047 TI - [Microbial origin and treatment of bronchopulmonary superinfections in miners with anthracosilicosis. Results of 238 transtracheal punctures]. PMID- 7256048 TI - [Central auditory pathways and interpretation of certain audiologic examinations]. PMID- 7256049 TI - [Cerebra hemispheres and auditory perception]. PMID- 7256050 TI - [Acute pathology of the posterior fossa in children]. PMID- 7256052 TI - [Clinical importance of papillary dysversion]. PMID- 7256051 TI - [Downbeat nystagmus. Specificity in malformations of the cervico-occipital sulcus]. PMID- 7256054 TI - [Blow-out fractures. Experience at Lausanne from April 1976 to May 1980]. PMID- 7256053 TI - [Microsurgery and experimental teratology]. PMID- 7256055 TI - [Isolation of free amoebas in soil and vegetables; morphologic and pathogenic study of isolated samples]. PMID- 7256056 TI - [Diagnosis of reagin hypersensitivity]. PMID- 7256057 TI - [Achalasia with dolichomegaesophagus associated with perceptual deafness of perception and familial 4:9 balanced translocation]. PMID- 7256058 TI - [Congenital blepharophimosis, ptosis and epicanthus inversus in a Balinese (Indonesia) family]. PMID- 7256059 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis in Lausanne: apropos of 1500 cases]. PMID- 7256062 TI - [Incomplete trisomy 22 due to meiotic malsegregation of a familial 11:12 translocation]. PMID- 7256060 TI - [Clinical and genetic aspects of balanced translocations: apropos of 7 cases]. PMID- 7256063 TI - [Non-hemorrhagic forms of intracranial arterial aneurysms]. AB - Thirty eight consecutive cases of intracranial arterial aneurysms collected during the last decade in the same department of neurology are reported, the aneurysms being revealed by a non hemorrhhagic semeiology, i.e. without clinical meningeal syndrome. In 31 cases, the aneurysm seemed to be related to the clinical manifestation: in 14 cases, it was an acute headache, characterized by its suddenness, immediate maximum intensity, spontaneous and fastly regressive course. It occurred without any symptoms (6 cases) or associated with an epileptic seizure (1 case), or an ophthalmoplegia (7 cases). The course was often relapsing. In 8 cases, it was a cerebrovascular accident of ischemic type; in 6 cases, a pseudo-tumoral syndrome; in 2 cases, an epilepsy; in 1 case, a migraine. For the further 7 cases, the aneurysm was diagnosed fortuitously when investigating a non related disease. The present series shows: the high incidence of the non hemorrhagic forms of aneurysms since they account for 40 p. 100 of the aneurysms cases detected during the same period in our neurological department. The various clinical manifestations are already well-known, mainly the acute headache and the pseudo-tumoral forms. The aneurysm-related cerebrovascular accidents seem to be relatively frequent; 2 cases of the present series give the opportunity for a discussion about the relations between a spontaneous thrombosis and a definitive anatomical cure of the aneurysm. Finally, other cases lead to suspect aneurysms as a possible cause of epilepsy or of migraine. The prognosis of these non hemorragic forms of aneurysms is much better than that of ruptured aneurysms. The direct intracranial surgical cure of the lesion gives on the whole excellent results. Such a treatment must be advocated whenever possible for any unruptured symptomatic aneurysm, as the risk of their rupture or clinical relapse is far from being negligible. The strategy is more difficult to define for asymptomatic unruptured aneurysms as the actual risk of subsequent rupture or other clinical manifestations is not sufficiently known. PMID- 7256061 TI - [When genetic amniocentesis is misleading: apropos of a case of Jeune's syndrome]. PMID- 7256064 TI - [Neuropathological study of adult intracranial hemorrhage. III. Analysis of 107 meningeal hemorrhages due to rupture of arterial aneurysms]. AB - The findings in 107 pathological studies of meningeal hemorrhages due to rupture of arterial saccular aneurysms are reported. There were 62 women (58 p. 100) and 45 men (42 p. 100). Mean age was 56, lower in men (53) than in women (58). 45 aneurysms of the Anterior Communicating Artery, 26 of the Middle Cerebral Artery, 15 of the Internal Carotid Artery, 10 of the Anterior Cerebral Artery, 1 of the Anterior Choroidal Artery and 10 of the Posterior System were studied. These ruptured aneurysms were compared to 31 non ruptured ones. Mean size of the ruptured aneurysms was 10, 62 mm, not statistically different from that of non ruptured aneurysms (9, 05 mm). Multiple aneurysms represent 10 p. 100 of the whole ruptured aneurysms population. They affected mostly the Middle Cerebral Artery. High blood pressure had been present in 56/107 cases of ruptured aneurysms (52 p. 100). The prevalence of high blood pressure in patients with ruptured aneurysms (men: 60 p. 100 between 35 and 49, 63 p. 100 between 50 and 64; women: 31 p. 100 between 35 and 49, 54 p. 100 between 50 and 64) was statistically higher than in the same age and sex ranges of the general French population. The other causes of bleeding were rare: 4 liver cirrhosis (2 of the patients were also hypertensive) and 5 anticoagulant therapies (2 of which were also associated with high blood pressure). Intracerebral hematomas were found in 43 cases (40 p. 100): 39 lobar, more frequent in the frontal (26) than in the temporal (13) lobes, due mainly to Anterior Communicating Artery and Anterior Cerebral Artery aneurysms; very few were in the basal ganglia (3) or brainstem (I). Intraventricular hemorrhage was found in 39 cases (36 p. 100). Forty (37 p. 100) cerebral infarcts had occurred. They were located in the territory of the same artery in 20 cases (19 p. 100), in a different territory in 11 cases (10 p. 100), in both in 9 cases (8. p. 100). PMID- 7256065 TI - [Congenital muscular dystrophy]. AB - Four patients with typical signs of congenital muscular dystrophy (C.M.D.), as described in the literature, are reported. In two young sisters born from consanguineous parents the presenting signs were severe congenital hypotonia in one and hypotonia with arthrogryposis in the other. The two other cases were adult patients with a long standing disease, the onset haring been marked by a transient neonatal hypotonia in one and by a congenital torticollis in the other. All 4 patients had progressively increasing muscle retractions, with absent reflexes in three. C.P.K. was moderately increased in all patients. Electromyography demonstrated myopathic abnormalities in 3 cases, associated in 2 cases with misleading pseudo-neurogenic signs. MUscle biopsy showed non specific changes compatible with muscular dystrophy: fibrosis and/or fat involution was marked in all cases, while necrosis of fibers was rarely observed. Histoenzymology and morphometry confirmed the absence of lesion specificity and their results were variable from case to case. A review of 92 published cases demonstrated that the course of the disease is very variable. A fatal outcome occurs in 15% of cases, while the affection becomes worse or remains stable with about the same frequency. A progressive worsening of muscle retractions is a characteristic finding in C.M.D. Genetically, most cases are of recessive autosomic. The current nosology of C.M.D. is probably inadequate, the clinical picture including cases that are likely to be due to different mechanisms that 2 present methods of investigation cannot demonstrate. PMID- 7256066 TI - [Pseudo-tumoral cerebellar infarction and Arnold-Chiari malformation]. AB - A pseudo-tumoral cerebellar infarction developed in a 48-year-old man over the course of several days. External drainage improved the patients condition, and a subsequent operation showed a type I Arnold-Chiari malformation with cerebellar amygdalae descending to the level of C2. The infarcted postero-external part of the cerebellar lobe and the left amygdala were resected. The left postero inferior cerebellar artery was thrombosed between the inferior border of the malformation and the posterior arch of C2. Almost total clinical recovery occurred. The Arnold-Chiari malformation had been clinically silent until the present infarction. A low dysraphia with a dermal sinus, sacral dehiscence and a low cord were present, but had caused no clinical disorders. The genetic origin of the dysraphism was confirmed by the presence of lumbosacral myelomeningocele with hydrocephalus in a relative of the patient. The relationship between postero inferior cerebellar artery thrombosis and an Arnold-Chiari malformation is discussed: a causal relationship, already suggested in previous reports, is likely in the present case. PMID- 7256067 TI - [Computed tomography in multiple sclerosis]. AB - Sixty patients with multiple sclerosis were examined by computed tomography using an Acute 200 Pfizer apparatus (matrix: 256 X 256; sections: 8 mm thick). In 48 cases iodine contrast medium was injected prior to examination, and in 6 cases the examination was repeated after several months. Abnormal C.T. readings were found in three quarters of the patients; increased image density in 10 patients, reduced density in 10 other cases; isolated cerebral atrophy in 26 patients, associated in 10 other cases with increased or reduced density of the image. Increased densities were seen mainly during acute episodes, then tended to isodensities or low densities. Though these different images are not specific, their association, the absence of mass effect and the absence of correlation between their location and the clinical signs, are elements in favor of the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Regions of increased density probably represent active foci of demyelinization and their investigation could be of value during long-term follow-up of these patients. PMID- 7256068 TI - [Cerebral amyloid angiopathy. A clinicopathological study (author's transl)]. AB - A case with repeated cerebral hemorrhages associated with severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is reported. CAA may be considered a rare but important cause of cerebral hemorrhages and of local cerebrovascular lesions in the aged. The morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of CAA are discussed. The etiology is still unknown; probably more than one mechanism may be involved. PMID- 7256069 TI - [Myopathy, osteomalacia, and congenital hypoalbuminemia (author's transl)]. AB - A myopathy revealed the presence of a vitamin-sensitive osteomalacia in a patient with congenital hypoalbuminemia. The severe myopathy and osteomalacia recovered after treatment with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. Hypoalbuminemia was detected in two brothers of the patient; parents and grandparents were consanguineous. Various tests demonstrated that the patient's hypoalbuminemia was due to faulty synthesis. Albumin reactions to several drugs were normal, but those normally transported by albumin have to be administered cautiously because of the low plasma concentrations. The possible relationship between hypovitaminosis D and congenital hypoalbuminemia, an association considered to be fortuitous by Montgomery, remains debatable. PMID- 7256070 TI - [Shulman's syndrome. Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia. A differential diagnosis from polymyositis (author's transl)]. AB - A case of diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia is reported. The clinical pattern of this disease has some resemblance with polymyositis. In 1974, Shulman described this syndrome as a new entity. The differential diagnosis of those inflammatory and sclerodermatous changes in the perimuscular fascia is considered. An histological, immunological and electrophysiological investigation has been performed. We propose an auto-immunological mechanism in the etiopathogenesis of this syndrome. PMID- 7256072 TI - Hypnotic efficacy and safety. PMID- 7256071 TI - [Oculomotor nerve nucleus syndrome: report of two clinical cases (author's transl)]. AB - Two clinical cases are reported of similar oculomotor disorders presenting as a paralysis of the oculomotor nerve (III) on one side and isolated paralysis of the superior rectus on the other side. Previous reports of this clinical picture have not been found. Recent experimental studies have established that all the superior rectus motoneurons decussate and pass through the opposite II nucleus before entering the radicular portion. Therefore it is suggested that the reported syndrome results from an unilateral lesion in the III nucleus. PMID- 7256073 TI - Hypnogenic paroxysmal dystonia: epileptic seizure or a new syndrome? AB - Five patients between the ages of 7 and 74 years presented with nocturnal episodes characterized by coarse, often violent movements of the limbs and by a tonic phase of variable duration. Seizures recurred every night or almost every night during slow wave (NREM) sleep and were not associated with electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities. Interictal EEGs were normal during both sleep and wakefulness. Carbamazepine treatment was effective in all patients. Uniform clinical behavior and EEG patterns indicate a distinct nosological entity whose pathophysiology is not yet understood. PMID- 7256074 TI - Changes in systemic arterial pressure during sleep in Shy-Drager syndrome. AB - Polygraphic findings during spontaneous nocturnal sleep of 2 patients suffering from Shy-Drager syndrome are reported. In both patients, total sleep time was reduced--sleep latency and awakening periods during the night being increased. Considerable reductions of rapid eye movement (REM) stage and, in 1 patient, also of deep non-REM (NREM; stages 3-4) were found. No apneas were recorded. In normal subjects, systemic systolic and diastolic pressure decreases during all the sleep stages; in our patients, arterial pressure values rose progressively during NREM sleep stages and showed a further increase in REM sleep. In all the sleep stages, sudden phasic swings of systemic arterial pressure were observed. PMID- 7256076 TI - The circadian variation of experimentally displaced sleep. AB - In a group of 6 male subjects sleep was displaced to seven different times of day (one displacement condition per week). The subjects were isolated from external time cues (daylight, clocks, noise) and sleep was allowed to terminate spontaneously. The results showed a pronounced time-of-day variation of total sleep time, stage 2, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Maxima occurred after bedtimes at 1900 hr and 2300 hr, while the minima occurred after bedtimes at 0700 hr and 1100 hr. The latter also was the time of maximum propensity to wake up. Slow wave sleep showed a rapid decrease from high initial levels, irrespective of time of day. Ratings of sleepiness showed a highly significant circadian variation peaking between 0500 hr and 0700 hr. The lowest level of sleepiness coincided with the maximum tendency to wake up, and it was suggested that sleep termination may be closely related to the sleepiness/alertness rhythm. PMID- 7256075 TI - Sleep habits and sleep disturbances in industrial workers in Israel: main findings and some characteristics of workers complaining of excessive daytime sleepiness. AB - Detailed data about sleep habits, sleep complaints, life style, work, past and present health were obtained from 1,502 industrial workers. In agreement with previous studies, one-third of the workers reported having problems with sleep. A relatively large percentage of workers complained of excessive daytime somnolence (EDS), which was unrelated to sex, age, education, and area of origin. Compared to the total population, workers complaining EDS had signficantly more pre- and postsleep complaints, midsleep disturbing phenomena, and work accidents, and they were less satisfied with their work. They also had a significantly higher prevalence of asthma, high blood pressure, headaches, and arthritis and ulcers, and they consumed significantly more medications. Based on the cluster of pre- and postsleep complaints of workers complaining of EDS, and on preliminary results from the second phase of this project (which includes laboratory polysomnographic recordings), it is suggested that in most cases, various forms of breathing disorders in sleep are responsible for EDS. PMID- 7256077 TI - Discrimination of early sleep stages: behavioral indicators. AB - Six subjects participated in a one-night sleep-onset experiment. They were aroused from stage 1 and stage 2 as defined by standard electroencephalographic criteria. Subjects pressed a button upon arousal to indicate which of two subjective states they were in just before awakening. Performance accuracy from stage 1 awakenings appeared to remain relatively constant at approximately 83%; performance from stage 2 awakenings showed increasing accuracy. Response latencies increased between stage 1 and stage 2 awakenings. PMID- 7256078 TI - The perception of wakefulness within sleep. AB - We studied the relationship between electroencephalographic (EEG)-defined awakenings and subjects' awareness of them at the time of their occurrence in 40 men (mean age, 55.3 years). The subjects used a push-button device to signal wakefulness during an evening's sleep in the laboratory; continuous EEG and electro-oculograms were also made. Results were as follows (after eliminating data for 12 nonresponders): 52% of the responses occurred during EEG-defined wakefulness (stage 0), 12% in a sleep stage that was followed immediately by stage 0, and 36% in a sleep stage not followed by stage 0. However, analysis of the last finding indicated that 73% of these responses were associated with at least 4-6 sec of preceding alpha activity. Thus, signals in the absence of EEG criteria were actually less than 10% of the total recorded. Signals of wakefulness were closely associated with the onset of EEG-defined wakefulness (and 84% of the signals occurred within 4 sec to 1 min of the EEG period). We conclude that self-signaled arousals deserve consideration in clinical analyses in which reports of arousals are a part of the reported sleep disturbance. PMID- 7256079 TI - Evidence for a functional role for active (REM) sleep in infancy. AB - Roffwarg et al. have proposed two complementary hypotheses to account for the finding that rapid eye movement (REM), or Active, Sleep occurs in large quantities in infancy and then drops off as the organism matures. The first assumes that the immature nervous system lacks inhibitory control and that the diminution of REM sleep reflects the maturation of the CNS. The second hypothesis postulates that REM sleep also serves a functional role, namely, to stimulate the central nervous system, thereby facilitating growth and maturation. A set of deductions, derived from the second hypothesis, was tested by analyzing the sleep wake data of 22 normal infants. These were confirmed. The key findings were that the behavioral state of Quiet Alert correlated -0.82 with the state of Active Sleep and that this correlation was independent of maturational changes in the infants. PMID- 7256080 TI - Spectral analysis vs. period-amplitude analysis of narrowband EEG activity: a comparison based on the sleep delta-frequency band. AB - This paper presents a comparison of spectral analysis with period-amplitude analysis when applied to the quantification of narrowband electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. In particular, it examines their respective usefulness in quantifying on the average the electrographic content within the delta-frequency band of EEG epochs during human stage 4 sleep. It is shown that while the power spectrum efficiently quantifies the overall power trends in the EEG data, period amplitude analysis seems to offer more resolution than the power spectrum in detecting electrographic details in amplitude and incidence within relatively narrow frequency bands. Examples are given of the sensitivity of spectral analysis ot both wave amplitude and incidence, and of the fact that--due to the inherent averaging process in the power spectrum generation--spectral analysis cannot differentiate between low-amplitude, high-incidence EEG activity and high amplitude, low-incidence EEG activity, in contradistinction to period-amplitude analysis. It is also shown that although two EEG epochs may exhibit similar power spectrum plots, their corresponding period-amplitude plots may not be similar. It is emphasized that discrepancies may exist when comparing spectral to period amplitude analysis due to differences in the definition of "frequency" in the two techniques. PMID- 7256081 TI - PGO wave activity and cortical EEG in the reserpinized, anesthetized cat. AB - We have studied ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) spike rhythms and the relation of PGO spikes to degrees of cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) synchrony in the reserpinized, anesthetized cat. Even under reserpine, PGO waves occur with a definite rhythmic character having a basic rhythm of approximately 30-35 min, which is similar to the normal sleep EEG cycle in cats. After peaking in each cycle, PGO activity rates either dropped to zero or fell to very low values. Cortical EEG activity, particularly in the frontal cortex, was clearly related to the density of PGO waves. In periods of dense PGO waves the frontal cortex was most synchronized and the degree of synchrony diminished as the PGO wave rate fell. In most instances during periods of EEG desynchronization, no PGO waves were present. Coherence values between frontal and occipital cortices were greatest during high PGO spike activity. These studies show that even under reserpine, a basic PGO rhythmicity is maintained and that in this preparation there is a clear association of high PGO wave density and cortical EEG synchronization. PMID- 7256082 TI - Independence of REM density from other REM sleep parameters before and after REM deprivation. AB - The aim of our work was to investigate the interrelationships among rapid eye movement (REM) percent, latency, and density and their variations during different nights in an adequate REM-deprivation study. Twenty male subjects slept for 7 consecutive nights in the laboratory: 2 adaptation, 1 base line, 2 deprivation, and 2 recovery. Wilcoxon's test showed a significant increase in REM percent and a decrease in REM latency from base line to recovery nights. REM density on the contrary showed a decrease, possibly due to dilution caused by increased time spent in stage REM. Eye movement activity appears to remain stable after REM deprivation. Furthermore, REM density showed no correlation with other REM sleep measures, while its highly significant correlations across nights make it a reliable and stable descriptor of an individual's sleep pattern. The independence of eye movement activity with respect to other parameters of REM sleep is suggested. PMID- 7256083 TI - Bourbon significantly increased the incidence of sleep apnea in patients with intermittent sleep apnea. PMID- 7256084 TI - Surface components of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - This paper briefly summarizes some morphological, biochemical, and physiological features of the pneumococcal cell wall and plasma membrane that may have a bearing on the interactions between a pneumococcal pathogen and components of an invaded host. Although the most extensively studied aspects of these interactions involve the capsular polysaccharides, recent evidence indicates that the "deeper" layers of the cell envelope also can participate in important events of pathogenesis. Emphasis is placed on information that may be useful to colleagues interested in further probing and identifying components of the pneumococcal cell surface that take part in the complex process of pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease. PMID- 7256085 TI - An epidemiologic approach to pneumococcal disease. AB - In many countries of the developing world, pneumonia remains a leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality. In their quest for effective control measures not dependent on the socioeconomic changes in Western societies that have paralleled a reduction in mortality from pneumonia, these poorer countries are looking towards modern antibiotic therapy and pneumococcal vaccines as short-term approaches to the problem. This paper summarizes information about the response of human populations to Streptococcus pneumoniae with particular reference to the author's experience in Papua New Guinea, where penicillin resistance is an increasing problem and where pneumococcal vaccines have been shown in field trials to reduce mortality from respiratory disease among both adults and children. In each developing country, basic epidemiologic data are needed to assist in choosing the best available combination of strategies for control of disease due to S. pneumoniae. Our current understanding of the determinants of pneumococcal carriage and pneumococcal disease is still inadequate, however, and there is need for studies of the interaction of the pneumococcus and its host at the mucosal surface to better understand the differences in the behavior observed for the various serotypes. PMID- 7256086 TI - Multiple antibiotic resistance in South African strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae: mechanism of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Multiply antibiotic-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae appeared in South Africa in 1977. In these organisms resistance to chloramphenicol is caused by an inducible, drug-inactivating enzyme; however, the basis for resistance to other antibiotics is unknown. Pneumococci with increased resistance to beta lactam antibiotics do not produce beta-lactamases, a finding indicating the presence of intrinsic resistance to these drugs. One approach to the understanding of the mechanism of this resistance was to study the pattern of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in the South African pneumococci. With the use of highly radioactive penicillin to label PBPs in vivo, it was found that the South African pneumococci have a PBP pattern that differs from that of the sensitive laboratory strain R6 in several respects. Differences include (1) a lack of PBPs la and lb; (2) the presence of a new, faster moving protein (lower molecular weight), named PBP lc; (3) an apparent decrease in the affinity of PBP 2a for [3H]penicillin; and (4) a lack of PBP 2b. Taking advantage of the fact that penicillin resistance is a property acquired in a stepwise process, a series of isogenic and progressively more resistant transformants was constructed. DNA from the resistant South African strain 8249 of S. pneumoniae was used as the donor in a series of transformations for which the recipients were either strain R6 or transformants of organisms with lower levels of resistance. In vivo labeling of the PBPs of these transformants revealed a gradual shift from a pattern similar to that of the sensitive strain (in the transformants of lower resistance) to a pattern resembling that of the highly resistant donor strain (in the transformants of higher resistance) as the level of penicillin resistance increased. PMID- 7256087 TI - Epidemiology of clinically significant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. PMID- 7256088 TI - Host defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae: the role of the spleen. AB - The asplenic patient has an increased susceptibility to bacterial septicemia. Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for approximately 50% of the episodes. Although the incidence of septicemia varies among patients of different ages and with different underlying diseases, half of the patients with overwhelming post splenectomy infection die. Increased susceptibility to overwhelming infection with blood-borne bacteria is due primarily to the absence of a major phagocytic mass with a large blood flow. In the nonimmune host the spleen plays an important role in the phagocytosis and clearance of blood-borne antigens. Asplenic infants younger than two years old or splenectomized patients with an underlying disease that impairs their ability to form specific antibody to S. pneumoniae are at maximal risk for septicemia. In addition, studies of asplenic animals and humans suggest that the spleen has a specific role in the production of antibody. Activation of the alternative complement pathway may be abnormal in patients with anatomical or functional asplenia. Defective clearance of blood-borne bacteria in the nonimmune host, a decrease in antibody formation, and abnormal activation of the alternative complement pathway may be additive defects that place the asplenic host at risk for overwhelming post-splenectomy infection. PMID- 7256089 TI - Complement and opsonins in alveolar secretions and serum of rats with pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Complement appears to have an important role in the early defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae, but the role of complement as a defense mechanism within the lung is not well defined. Complement and heat-labile opsonins in pneumococcal pneumonia were studied by analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats inoculated intratracheally with type 3 S. pneumoniae. BALF and serum were obtained at 0, 6, and 24 hr after infection. Leukocyte counts in BALF and histologic studies revealed an acute inflammatory response in the lung at 6 hr; this inflammation progressed for 24 hr. Levels of C1, C2, C3, and alternative pathway activity in pooled, concentrated (20X) BALF of normal and infected rats varied according to the stage of infection and the complement parameter studied, but in all cases the levels were only a small fraction of the levels in serum. Concentrated BALF had measurable levels of pneumococcal heat-labile opsonins, but these were also low as compared with serum levels. A small amount of C3 was detected by immunofluorescence on pneumococci recovered from BALF of infected animals, but these same organisms could be coated much more fully with C3 by brief incubation in serum. The milieu in the lung during bacterial infection is very different from that in serum and may be marginally suitable for effective opsonization of successful pulmonary pathogens such as type 3 S. pneumoniae. PMID- 7256090 TI - The pathogenesis of pneumococcal otitis media in chinchillas and the efficacy of vaccination in prophylaxis. AB - Acute pneumococcal otitis media was produced experimentally in 100% of chinchillas whose middle ear cavities were inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Although intranasal inoculation with S. pneumoniae led to otitis media in 21% of animals, 66% of the colonized chinchillas that had negative pressure in the middle ear developed otitis media. Intranasal inoculation with S. pneumoniae followed by intranasal inoculation with influenza A virus led to otitis media in 73% of chinchillas, while inoculation with infleunza A virus alone produced otitis media in 4% of animals. Measurement of middle ear pressure by tympanometry showed the influenza virus-infected chinchillas developed negative middle ear pressure before the appearance of clinical signs of otitis media. While direct inoculation of the middle ear with pneumococci produced a purulent effusion within days after inoculation, intranasal inoculation with both pneumococci and influenza A virus resulted in the rapid appearance of a serous effusion, which became culture-positive for S. pneumoniae during the second week after inoculation. Spontaneous resolution of middle ear infection occurred within three to eight weeks after inoculation and was associated with an increase in the level of type-specific pneumococcal antibody in serum and middle ear effusion. The histopathology of pneumococcal otitis media included purulent middle ear effusion, epithelial metaplasia, and subepithelial edema and hypercellularity. The initial infiltration of the subepithelial space with polymorphonuclear leukocytes was superceded by infiltration with mononuclear leukocytes in animals that were observed for longer than eight weeks. Among untreated animals observed for long periods, production of granulation tissue, development of submucosal fibrosis, and osteoneogenesis were observed. Systemically administered pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine was effective for prevention of type specific otitis media in chinchillas when vaccinated animals were challenged by intranasal inoculation with pneumococci followed by deflation of the middle ear. Animals that seroconverted with at least a twofold increase in the level of antibody in serum after vaccination had an 87% lower incidence of otitis media than did unvaccinated animals. Protection was associated with high levels of antibody in serum before intranasal inoculation, and higher antibody levels were found in sterile middle ear effusions than in effusions that contained pneumococci. PMID- 7256091 TI - Conference on the Pneumococcus: summary and comments. PMID- 7256092 TI - The effects of nasal surgery on the growth of the rabbit snout. PMID- 7256093 TI - The noncycle nose. AB - Approximately 600 resistance values were obtained for 50 subjects. Of the 50 subjects, 14 did not have evidence of a normal nasal cycle. These 14 subjects were selected for the study of the noncycle nose. The other 36 subjects with normal nasal cycles served as controls. By use of a mask flowmeter technique of rhinomanometry, three separate categories of noncyclicity were determined. Type 1 noncycle nose had no evidence of a nasal cycle and no fluctuation of either the right or the left side. Type 2 noncycle nose had no fluctuation of nasal resistance on one side and moderate fluctuation of nasal resistance on the opposite side. Type 3 noncycle nose had fluctuation of nasal resistance on both sides but the dominance did not reverse or change from one side to the other. This is the first study to characterize the noncycle nose and to subdivide it into three separate types using rhinomanometry. PMID- 7256094 TI - Rotation of the alar cartilage in collapsed ala. AB - There are various causes for collapsed ala nasi. In elder people especially, the lateral crus of the alar cartilage is frequently deformed in shape and position. Model experiments show that by rotation of the lateral crus outwards and upwards, the vestibulum is expanded and the tip of the nose raised. On the basis of these experiments, in 19 patients with collapsed ala nasi, the lateral crus of the alar cartilage was rotated dorsally. The longterm results showed a satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcome. PMID- 7256095 TI - Anatomy of the pterygopalatine foramen and the fontanella in the lateral nasal wall. AB - A dissection study of 20 cadaver specimens gives a firm knowledge of the anatomy of the pterygopalatine foramen in the middle and upper meatus of the nose. Measurements of the proportions between the end of the middle concha, the hiatus semilunaris and the foramen are described. A new, curved needle for puncturing of the maxillary sinus through the fontanella is shown. PMID- 7256096 TI - Clinical effects of endonasal sinusectomy with reconstruction of the nasal cavity (Takahashi's method). AB - A follow-up investigation of the results of endonasal sinusectomy with reconstruction of the nasal cavity (Takahashi's method) was carried out in 535 of 1338 patients who underwent endonasal sinusectomies during the 6-year period from 1967 to 1972. The subjective results were as follows: cured 196 (36.6%); improved 234 (47,5%); unchanged 69 (12.9%); aggravated 12 (2.2%). In other words, 450 (84.1%) of the patients were satisfied with the results of the operations. Good results have similarly been obtained in allergic nasal disorders spreading in Japan of late, and concomitant reconstruction of the nasal cavity and desensitization therapy have resulted in improved response. PMID- 7256097 TI - [Bromocriptine in the treatment of normal prolactinemic anovulation]. PMID- 7256098 TI - [Arterial hypertension and electrocardiographic changes in women in (spontaneous and surgical) recent menopause]. PMID- 7256099 TI - [Critical analysis of plant estrogen therapy in spontaneous and surgical menopause]. PMID- 7256100 TI - [Thrombelastography in anovulatory therapy with estroprogestogens]. PMID- 7256103 TI - [Reflections on labor induction with oxytocin]. PMID- 7256101 TI - [Pistolet-aspiration method for the early diagnosis of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the endometrium]. PMID- 7256102 TI - [Abdomino-pelvico-femoral arterial circulation after ligation of the 2 hypogastric arteries and (in a second stage) of the left external iliac artery]. PMID- 7256104 TI - [Evaluation and significance of the depression zone in labor]. PMID- 7256105 TI - [Comparative evaluation of 3 different methods for assigning a score to the ante partum cardiotocographic tracings]. PMID- 7256106 TI - [Birth weight of full-term newborn infants]. PMID- 7256107 TI - [Treatment of abnormal movements of extrapyramidal origin with tiapride]. AB - The authors report results attained by means of a replaced benzamide, thiapride, in the treatment of 21 subjects showing involuntary movements of extra-pyramidal origin and more exactly: extra-pyramidal syndromes due to drugs (3), idiopathic dyscinesias (8), choreas (6), dystonias (3), essential tremor (1). The drug was administered per os as well as per IM and EV. Results were good or fair in 71% of cases. The clearest improvements were obtained in iatrogenic dyscinesias (torticollis, diaphragm clonisms). The drug was well tolerated in all cases, both from the clinical and hematochemical standpoint, even at the highest dosages, and, in particular, no case of amenorrhea or galactorrhea was pointed out. Finally, the authors explain how the best results with thiapride may probably be obtained in those forms in which an hyperfunction of the dopaminergic system is proved, thanks to the competitive action of the molecule on presynaptic dopaminergic receptors. PMID- 7256108 TI - [Pure motor hemiparesis: apropos of 2 cases of facio-brachio-crural hemiparesis with tomodensitometric finding of pontine infarction]. PMID- 7256109 TI - [Lumbosacral extraspinal ependymomas. Review of literature and report of an operated case]. AB - The extradural lumbosacral localization represents for ependymomas an exceptional event full of interest both from an etiopathogenetic point of view and from a clinical one. Extradural ependymomas develop in two characteristic sites: with an anterior or presacral expression in the retro-rectal pelvic area; posterior in the intergluteal space below the lumbo-sacral fascia. The possibilities of a correct diagnosis are based essentially on radiographical examinations and CAT which supply useful factors, but not peculiar to the lesion. The Authors describe a case of posterior "extradural lumbo-sacral ependymomas" which is added to the 36 already reported. PMID- 7256110 TI - [In favor of a different symptomatology of spasticity]. PMID- 7256112 TI - [Report of two patients with fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid artery (author's transl)]. AB - Two patients with fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid artery have been studied. Our patients' clinical histories suggest that cerebral symptoms were due either to episodic arterial embolization or progressive arterial occlusion. The radiological features were characteristic. Surgery of cervical vessels was performed with benefit in both cases. Histopathology of the carotid arteries showed segmental lesions with alternating marked thickening and thinning of the media and irregular hyperplasia of the intima. PMID- 7256111 TI - [EEG in transient ischemic attacks (author's transl)]. AB - 60 patients under 65 years of age with one or more episodes of reversible ischemic attacks lasting less or more than 24 hours (T.I.A. or R.I.N.D.) were studied. Each patient had a complete clinical assessment and an EEG, followed by an arteriogram. 35 patients had an EEG activation with digital carotid compression. EEG abnormalities were present in 26 cases while 34 patients had normal records. No correlation was found between EEG abnormalities and arteriographic alterations. EEG activation by digital carotid compression is a valuable hemodynamic test but cannot necessarily indicate a controlateral carotid artery occlusion. PMID- 7256113 TI - [Albumin and IGG in the CSF as demonstration of blood-brain barrier damage and of immune response within the CNS (author's transl)]. AB - The Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and the serum of 102 neurological patients was studied in subgroups according to diagnostic criteria. The Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB) is more severely damaged in cases of cerebral tumors and haemorragic cerebral diseases; synthesis of IgG within the CNS is more pronounced in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients in comparison with patients of other groups. The ratio IgG/PT in CSF is very high in MS patients. Considering the degree of increase of the IgG Index and of the ratio IgG/PT in CSF the Authors found the highest values in MS and this is typical of such disease. The degree of increase of the ratio CSF albumin/serum albumin showed highest values in patients with tumors or with haemorragic cerebral diseases. PMID- 7256115 TI - [Pneumoencephalographic findings in progressive supranuclear paralysis]. AB - The Authors describe the result of air encephalography in 5 cases of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (P.S.P.). In all cases signs of cortical cerebral atrophy were found (with a marked dilatation of the lateral ventricles in two patients). Equally constant were signs of atrophy in the brain stem and cerebellum with involvement of the vermis (in its superior part in four cases and diffused in one case). In three patients there was also subcortical cerebellar atrophy. Among the alterations observed the slight cerebral cortical atrophy does not seem to be due to the pathological process peculiar to P.S.P., but rather to other processes such as senility, vascular alterations etc. Atrophy involving the brainstem and the cerebellum was of interest being a constant finding easily correlated with symptoms and with the site of P.S.P. process. These findings, though without specificity, offer useful data and help to assess the evolution of the disease. PMID- 7256114 TI - Reliability of cerebral radioisotopic angiography and of directional Doppler C.W. in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular insufficiency. AB - The diagnostic value of radioisotopic cerebral angioscintigraphy (R.A.) and of Doppler CW (D.C.W.) techniques to identify stenosis of the internal carotid artery in its extracranial course was studied in 97 patients with ischaemic lesions (50 T.I.A. and 47 Complete Stroke). The results of R.A. and D.C.W. were compared with those of contrast carotid-angiography (C.A.). C.A. revealed stenosis above 50% or complete occlusion in 22% of cases, whereas D.C.W. and R.A. showed flow reduction in 27% and 48% of the cases respectively. In T.I.A., C.A. positivity went down to 8%; D.C.W. to 16%; and R.A. to 34%. In "Complete Stroke" positivity was 36% for C.A.; 41% for D.C.W.; and 62% for R.A. There was a high number of false positive findings with D.C.W. (8) but even more with R.A. (27). False negative findings occurred only in two cases with R.A. These data confirm the diagnostic value of these two noninvasive techniques to identify haemodynamically carotid stenosis. The use of both methods can reduce error due to false negativity. The rather marked frequency of false positivity, particularly with reference to R.A. doesn't affect the diagnostic value of the two methods. PMID- 7256116 TI - [Effect of protein level in the feed on metallothionein content in rat liver]. PMID- 7256118 TI - [Methods of isolating mercury compound-binding lysosomal proteins]. PMID- 7256117 TI - [Effect of physicochemical factors on ochratoxin A and determination of its content in grain by spectrofluorometry. I. Effect of solvents, ultraviolet rays and pH value on ochratoxin A fluorescence]. PMID- 7256119 TI - [Determination of saccharin content in dietetic preparations by gas chromatography]. PMID- 7256120 TI - [Food coloring in the light of the methods of detecting synthetic dyes and their determination in food products]. PMID- 7256121 TI - [Skin absorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid]. PMID- 7256122 TI - [Vinyl chloride toxicity after inhalation]. PMID- 7256123 TI - [Air pollution by formaldehyde in newly built apartment houses]. PMID- 7256124 TI - [The degree of elimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from drinking water. I. PAH content of river water used for urban water supplies]. PMID- 7256125 TI - [Effect of environmental factors on body height and weight of children aged 7-8 years]. PMID- 7256126 TI - [Absenteeism among pupils in schools with old and new systems of education]. PMID- 7256127 TI - [The hypernephroid renal carcinoma: safe and properly classified diagnoses based on i.v. pyelogram, sonography, computerized tomography and angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256128 TI - [The pathological endoscopic pancreatogram diagnostic value of radiomorphological changes (author's transl)]. AB - The specificity of abnormal radiomorphological patterns in the endoscopic retrograde pancreatogram (ERCP) has been studied. Out of 3,000 ERCPs 381 contained pathological findings in the pancreatic duct, all of which was subsequently checked by histology. Comparison of the radiomorphologic data and the histologic abnormalities has revealed that ductal abnormalities are not specific to the underlying pancreatic disease. There are, however, changes in the radiomorphologic appearance which, owing to their greater incidence, may be regarded as characteristic to some pathologic process. Solitary stenosis or complete obstruction indicate the presence of tumour, nonsegmental extended dilatation points to papillary stenosis, filling of cavities reveals cysts, while diffuse abnormalities occur most frequently in chronic pancreatitis. Opacification of the bile ducts may yield complementary data, although their specificity is not absolute either. Nonsegmental stenosis of the intrapancreatic bile duct indicate chronic inflammation, while irregular narrowing supports the diagnosis of pancreatic tumours. Arc-shaped dislocation of the bile duct is frequently observed in response to cysts, stenosis confined to the ampullary segment and associated with dilated biliary system are characteristic findings in papillary stenosis. Thus the diagnostic value of the abnormal pancreatogram may be enhanced by simultaneous study of the biliary morphology PMID- 7256129 TI - [Pancreatitis in computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256130 TI - [The clinical and Radiological Pictures of Alcaptonuria and Ochronosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256132 TI - [Optimization of reproducibility of irradiation fields with particular reference to irregular fields (author's transl)]. AB - Optimum reproducible planning is one of the aims of radiation therapy. Distribution of dosage can be calculated very accurately with the help of presently available planning facilities. It was the purpose of this study to find out how accurate the initial adjustment of the therapeutic device can be. For this purpose, 1806 control x-ray films were evaluated. The initial correction quota was about 27%. The second part of the study dealt with reproducibility of field adjustment. Series of x-ray films recording the course were prepared with verification films; the resulting field distributions were calculated on the basis of these films, and compared with the planned fields. PMID- 7256131 TI - [Local pain reaction in arteriography of the legs and its dependence on contrast medium concentration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256133 TI - [Rating and limitations of ultrasonic examination of the biliary system compared with contrast radiography (author's transl)]. AB - The rating of sonography compared with contrast roentgenography is examined for the biliary system. A high quota of accuracy equivalent or superior to contrast radiography is achieved by sonography, as demonstrated by a comparison or oral cholecystography with sonography (accuracy 69% to 95.5%), IV cholangiocholecystography (accuracy 86.5% to 88.9%) and ERCP (accuracy 69.9% to 67.3%). PMID- 7256134 TI - [Tumor diagnostic by ERPC and its correlation to pathology (author's transl)]. AB - In relation to 170 pancreatic and bile duct neoplasms confirmed by histology, the radiological signs were correlated to anatomical findings. The roentgenograms were analysed with regard to diagnostic accuracy, size of tumor and operability. 13 319 autopsies of the same period were screened in order to ascertain false positive and as well false negative findings in ERPC. Pancreatic tumors with a diameter over 3 cm were correctly found by ERPC in 98,4%, tumors below 3 cm in diameter in 75%. The over-all diagnostic accuracy for malignant tumors was 90,0%. There were no pathological findings in ERPC in two cases of pancreatic cancer with diameter below 3 cm. 10,5% of all pancreatic neoplasms were operable. Tumors of extrahepatic bile ducts all were discovered by ERPC but all of them were already inoperable. PMID- 7256135 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of hypernephromas in renal cysts or cystic kidneys (author's transl)]. AB - The article presents the roentgenological results obtained in 12 patients with hypernephroma in a renal cyst or cystic kidneys, the hypernephroma having been identified surgically and histologically. The patients had been examined either via IV pyelogram, sonography, computerized tomography and angiography, or with several of these methods. The renal tumor was identified with the help of sonography, computerized tomography and angiography in all cases. The IV pyelogram failed to produce a conclusive results in 2 cases. The space-occupying growth was wrongly assessed in respect of dignity because of the absence of solid tumor parts in 3 out of 5 cystic space-occupying growths via IV pyelogram, in 2 out of 4 cases via sonography and in 1 out of 4 cases via computerized tomography; these methods yielded the erroneous finding that the hypernephroma was a purely cystic space-occupying growth, whereas angiography yielded the correct diagnosis of the type of hypernephroma in 11 out of 12 patients. PMID- 7256136 TI - [Ultrasound in differentiation of nonopaque filling defects in the renal pelvis (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrasound scans in patients with nonopaque filling defects of the renal pelvis were analysed. Ultrasound can differentiate between nonopaque stones (stronger echo and no shadow) and other causes of filling defects (blood clots and tumors: and strong echo, no shadow). Tumor and blood clot are only to differentiate by the movement and transitory nature of the blood clot. Experimental studies with cadaver kidneys shows that the acoustic shadow behind gas in the renal pelvis (due to fistula etc.) has indistinct margins and reverberation echoes, which contrasts with the distinct acoustic shadow found with calculi. PMID- 7256137 TI - [Intracranial infections in computerized tomography (author's transl)]. AB - CT findings in cerebral inflammatory conditions such as meningitis, encephalitis, abscess and empyema are presented. Differential diagnosis and possible complications are discussed. In certain instances, the cranial CT findings are so typical as to permit an immediate diagnosis. In other cases, CT aids decisively in the differential diagnosis and may indicate complications. PMID- 7256138 TI - [Analysis of lymphatic node shadows in the axilla via mammography (author's transl)]. AB - 1. There exist a great number of lymphnode-shadows. 2. In senium you will see more lymphnode shadows than in the youth. 3. Evaluation of the axillary lymphnodes permits the differentiation between fatty infiltration and normal. A differentiation between inflammation and metastases is not allowed. 4. The existence of lymphnode shadows is not of importance for the result of the report. PMID- 7256139 TI - [Rupture of the tuberosity of the tibia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256140 TI - [Histopathology of bone and cartilage lesions in reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the knee. Apropos of 16 cases]. AB - In 16 cases of reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the knee, the authors obtained by drill biopsy 29 bone samples from the epiphyseal and metaphyseal regions of the femur and tibia and 8 cartilagenous samples (including 6 by arthrotomy and 2 after patellectomy). They noted thinning of the cortical bone, lacunae of cortical reabsorption, rarefaction of the trabeculae, of which some were dead, stasis and fibrosis of the bone marrow. The 8 cartilage samples were pathological, with, in particular, fibrosis of the surface cartilage (vascular pannus formation). The association of chondromalacia of the patella with an S.R.D. syndrome of the knee is frequent. PMID- 7256141 TI - [Correlation between osteoporosis and discarthrosis. Comparative frequency of spinal osteophytosis and thickness of intervertebral disk in 50 patients with osteoporosis confirmed by bone biopsy and in 50 controls. Study of lordosis in 50 osteoporotic patients]. AB - Comparative radiological study of the spine in 50 osteoporotic subjects selected on double criteria, radiological and histological, and 50 control subjects of the same age and same sex, confirmed the lesser frequency and the mildness of the osteophyte formation, and the disk degeneration in osteoporotic subjects. The vertebral radiological index, which measures both the number and importance of the vertebral body surface concavity and vertebral collapse, and has no significant correlation with age. A study of the degree of lordosis and of the index of bending of the trunk was carried out in 50 osteoporotic patients. Only one third of them had lumbar hyperlordosis. Owing to its inconstancy, lumbar hyperlordosis cannot be considered as responsible for the mildness of the osteophyte formation in osteoporotic patients. It seems reasonable to admit that the mildness of the osteophyte formation and of the osteoporosis are linked together and are probably the result of a reduced capacity of bone formation. PMID- 7256142 TI - [Narrow lumbar canal syndrome. Symptomatology and evolutionary aspects]. AB - The authors report a retrospective study of 77 patients with a narrow lumbar canal syndrome (NLC). They recall the semiology, and the clinical and radiological findings which permit one to make the diagnosis and discuss, with an average follow-up of two years, the results of medical treatment (42 cases) or surgical treatment (35 cases), and the management which should be adopted. Medical treatment appears to be indicated in the mild forms of NLC, 34% of patients in this series (functional symptoms reduced and normal neurological examination at rest and after effort) where one may observe 80% of good results. Similarly, medical treatment should be attempted in certain more severe symptomatic forms where are still obtained 26% of good results permitting one to await surgery, and then reserve surgical treatment for failures or relapses. Operation is however definitely indicated in the forms where there are marked neurological signs. Under these conditions, the results of surgery and medical treatment seem comparable and one may note on the whole 60% of good results. PMID- 7256143 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis as seen by the rheumatologist. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - The authors report 2 cases of primary biliary cirrhosis associated with scleroderma (calcinosis, Raynaud's syndrome, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia) in one case, and associated with pseudopolyarthritis in the other; they recall the conditions under which the rheumatologist may be led to make the diagnosis of this disease. Apart from liver diseases including acute or chronic rheumatic signs, one may observe in primary biliary cirrhosis without symptoms certain other rheumatological syndromes: e.g. scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, Charcot's joint. The laboratory examinations may give unexpected results: e.g. high levels of IgM, the presence of antinuclear antibodies or may give unexpected results: e.g. high levels of IgM, the presence of antinuclear antibodies or cryoglobulins which sometimes orient wrongly the diagnosis in other directions. One may thus note that a high level of alkaline phosphatase should suggest in any case of inflammatory rheumatism, primary biliary cirrhosis, and attempt to prove this by seeking antimitochondrial antibodies. PMID- 7256146 TI - [Unusual malformation complex in Sprengel's deformity. Congenital elevation of the shoulder blade]. PMID- 7256145 TI - [Synovitis caused by stings. Apropos of a case associating synovitis caused by sea urchin stings and pasteurellosis]. PMID- 7256144 TI - [Rheumatoid polyarthritis and papular mucinosis with monoclonal paraprotein. Management with plasmapheresis]. PMID- 7256147 TI - [Eosinophilic fasciitis. Description of a clinical case with Raynaud's phenomenon]. PMID- 7256148 TI - [Bone histomorphometric study in idiopathic hypercalciuria]. PMID- 7256149 TI - [Villonodular synovitis of the knee]. AB - The authors report the main results of a study of 12 cases of villous nodular synovitis of the knee. The distribution according to age and sex is in agreement with the data in the literature. The delay between the first sign and the first consultation was, on average, 1.5 years, varying from a few days to 12 years. This long history is due to the usual mildness of the symptoms. The delay between the first consultation and the diagnosis, less variable is, on average, 6 months; this is due to difficulty in diagnosis. More than the extent of the lesions, it seems that the macroscopic appearance dictates the symptoms: villous synovitis or sessile villonodular synovitis, whether diffuse or partial, manifests itself mainly by serous blood-stained effusions; pediculated nodular synovitis, diffuse or localised, is characterised by symptoms on movement. Straight X ray was negative in all the cases reported here. Arthrography gave the diagnosis in 6 of the 9 cases where it was carried out. Arthroscopy was the best examination; in all cases where it was carried out, the macroscopic appearance of the synovial membrane permitted the diagnosis which was confirmed by biopsy under direct vision. Synoviorthesis may give good results, especially radio-isotopic synoviorthesis. PMID- 7256150 TI - [Femoral paralysis caused by hematoma of the internal iliac fossa during anticoagulant treatment. Value of early surgical treatment]. AB - The authors report two personal cases and review published cases of femoral paralysis due to hematoma of the internal iliac fossa complicating anticoagulant treatment. The interest of pelvic body scanning is emphasised both in diagnosis and for the assessment of the course of various hematomas of the internal iliac fossa. A plan for treatment is proposed in which surgery is of great importance. The latter is always effective both for the pain and the motor deficiency, a precise topographical localisation of the hematoma may be a decisive argument in favour of an early operation. PMID- 7256152 TI - [Duodenal absorption of calcium in rats treated with 25 OHD3, diphosphonates and synthetic anabolics]. AB - In this study the authors developed new technics of study of duodenal absorption of calcium in rats: atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and dialysis to equilibrium. We considered that the main factors necessary for evaluation of duodenal absorption of calcium are the serum calcium, the calcium and alkaline phosphatase present in the duodenal cells and the calcium-binding proteins. The authors demonstrate that these factors are highest in rats treated with 25 OHD3 and norandrostenolone decanoate, than in control rats. In rats treated with diphosphonate, on the contrary, they obtained a reduction in the values of calcium and alkaline phosphatase contained in the duodenal cells. PMID- 7256154 TI - [A case of sero-positive polysynovitis with rheumatoid nodules]. PMID- 7256151 TI - [Effect of the manner of the response to chemotherapy on the prognosis of myeloma. Preliminary study]. AB - The tumor mass regression following the first course of treatment (T1), the time to greater than or equal to 50% tumor regression (TR 50%) and the time to maximum regression (t) were assessed in 29 out of 55 multiple myelomas (MM) successfully treated with alkylating agents. According to t, TR 50% and T1 values, 3 distinctive categories of responsive patients were separated: 1) fast responsive patients (= t less than or equal to 2 months, 48% of cases); 2) intermediate responsive patients (= 3 less than t or 12 months, 38%); 3) and slow responsive patients (= t greater than 12 months, 14%). The first remission duration was shown to be highly related to t (p less than .001), TR 50% (p less than .01) and T1 (p less than .05), the shortest remissions being observed in fast responsive patients. In relapse, the tumor doubling time (TD) was correlated with t, TR 50% and T1 (p = .05), the shortest TD being observed in fast responsive patients. It was shown that pure Bence-Jones and hypercalcemic myelomas were the fastest responsive patients. PMID- 7256155 TI - [Staphylococcal spondylodiscitis in rheumatoid polyarthritis]. PMID- 7256156 TI - [Rapidly destructive osteoarthropathy of the hip in primary biliary cirrhosis. Clinical, radiological and anatomo-pathological data]. PMID- 7256153 TI - [Infra-radiographic decalcifying algodystrophy of the lower limb]. AB - The authors have only reported cases responding to the following criteria: A) necessarily: 1) Clinical appearance of algodystrophy. 2) Intense hyperfixation of the bone scan. 3) X rays repeated a sufficient number of times always normal and submitted to the judgement of six rheumatologists not forewarned, to eliminate the subjective factor in the diagnosis of normality. 4) Clinical cure within the usual period. 5) Return to normal of the bone scan. B) Eventually: 6) Proved decalcifying algodystrophy from another joint site in the past history. 7) Histological appearance compatible with algodystrophy on bone biopsy. Four cases are presented (hip one case, knee two cases, ankle one case) which fulfill the five necessary criteria. The course seems shorter than in the classical decalcifying forms: 2 months instead of 4 1/2 months on average for the hip; 5 months instead of 7 months on average for the knee; 5 months instead of 12 months on average for the foot. This short course is in favour of the theory of early and rapid reconstructive bone changes, which do not leave the algodystrophy the time to demineralise the bone more than 30 to 50% which is the time necessary for the increased radiographic bone transparency to become clear. PMID- 7256157 TI - [Rheumatoid nodulitis. Apropos of a case. Review of the literature]. PMID- 7256158 TI - [Epiphysiolysis of the femur head in adults. Apropos of a case in a 24-year-old adult with Kallman-de Morsier's olfacto-genital syndrome]. PMID- 7256160 TI - [Rupture of the capsule of the shoulder in a case of rheumatoid polyarthritis responsible for pseudophlebitic edema of the upper limb]. PMID- 7256161 TI - [Value of tomodensitometry in the diagnosis of lumbar disk hernias]. AB - The authors relate their experiences concerning tomodensitometric examination to evaluate the herniation of a disk. 45 patients and 50 herniations of a disk have been studied. 39 herniations have sustained surgical procedures. The tomodensitometric examination and the radiculosaccography have been performed among these patients in order to compare the findings. The fact that there has only been 3 failures prove the reliability of tomodensitometric examination; among these failure there is 2 post-operative recurrences and one L4 L5 herniation. The radiculosaccography fails 5 times (1 L4 L5 herniation and 4 L5 S1 herniations). There is not any common negative in the two methods. Because of its total innocuity (no injection of any kind) the tomodensitometric examination seems to be the first exploration to prescribe when an herniation of a disk is resistant to clinical treatment and when a surgery is planned. PMID- 7256159 TI - [Echography in the localization of parathyroid adenoma. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7256162 TI - [Vitamin-sensitive osteomalacia in condensing bone metastases of prostatic origin. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - In connection with two observations histologically proved on a metastasic territory of osteomalacia appeared during osteocondensing metastases of prostatic origin, the authors underline the responsibility of sudden increase of osteoformation in the hypocalcemia genesis and put the emphasis on the transitory aggravating function of the given high doses of estrogen within negative calcium balance. A D vitamin deficiency, frequent among old patients, could increase osseous manifestation of calcium supply insufficiency responsible of an authentic osteomalacia. This deficiency is not secondary to a phosphorus diabetes and is amended by an important calciu addition and by the administration of D vitamin metabolites as proved by repeated osseous biopsy with dynamic and histomorphometric studies. PMID- 7256163 TI - [In vivo analysis of bone calcium by localized neutron activation of the hand in osteoporosis]. AB - The calcium concentration of the bones of the hand measured by neutron activity was lowered in 93% of osteoporotic women aged between 50 and 60 years and in 66% of women between 60 and 70 years, whereas from the 8th decade onwards, only 5% had a bone calcium concentration of the hand less than that of controls. In the male sex, nearly 80% of osteoporotic patients, had a calcium concentration of the hand less than that of controls whatever their age. Considering the radiological criterion retained for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, the existence of at least one fracture of a vertebral body, the authors discuss the significance of these facts. PMID- 7256165 TI - Adrenal scintigraphy--methods, indications, counterindications. PMID- 7256164 TI - Influence of the "Corynebacterium parvum" vaccine and stilbostat on intratesticular development of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in hyper- or hypothyroidized Wistar rats. AB - This work studies the effect of nonspecific antitumoral immunity produced by the "Corynebacterium Parvum" vaccine (C.P.) and Stilbostal on the development of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma intratesticularly grafted to hyper- or hypothyroidized Wistar rats. The thyroid hormone level was altered by administration of thyroxin, Alkiron or surgical thyroidectomy. The C.P. vaccine was given in a mixture with tumoral cells suspension and the treatment with the Stilbostat drug was started 5 days from grafting. The results show that C.P. administered in a mixture with tumoral cells suspension causes marked inhibition of the development of the primary tumor and metastasis, an effect which is not significantly influenced by the thyroid hormone level. The antitumoral effect of the Stilbostat drug is enhanced by administration of C.P. in tumoral cells suspension. The greatest effect produced by Stilbostal was noted in the hyperthyroidized lots in which the tumor was administered in a mixture with C.P. PMID- 7256166 TI - Hypercorticism--a risk factor in arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis. AB - The present work has attempted an analysis of the role hypercorticism as a risk factor in arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis. Our series consisted of 149 male and female patients of various ages. The incidence of cardiovascular disorders in relation to age and the glucidic lipidic metabolic disorders were also investigated. The results showed that hypercorticism may trigger in very young patients as well arterial hypertension (AH) and glucidic-lipid metabolic disorders both incriminated as risk factors in including atherosclerosis. Hypercorticism was proved to be an aggravating factor of pre-existing cardiopathy. Efficient management of adrenocortical hormones excess brings complete resolution of arterial hypertension and glucidic lipid metabolic disorders in young patients and most adult patients who had no cardiovascular complaints prior to the endocrine syndrome. PMID- 7256167 TI - Hormonal evidence for the dissemination through the cerebrospinal fluid, of secreting cells from invasive pituitary adenomas. AB - In 13 patients with invasive pituitary adenomas submitted to pituitary surgery (5 HGH-secreting adenomas, 6 prolactin-secreting adenomas, 2 non-secreting adenomas), the concentrations of HGH and prolactin (PRL) constantly decreased after operation both in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum, and the CSF/serum ratio remained under one, with few exceptions. These last cases (2 with acromegaly, 2 with invasive prolactinomas), showed an increase of HGH or PRL concentrations in CSF when serum levels decreased; the CSF/serum ratio rose above one within 2 weeks post surgery in 2 patients, and within 2 years post surgery in another two. The circulation of CSF was not obstructed. This indicated the appearance of a new, extrapituitary source for secreting HGH or PRL directly into the CSF, a source which most probably developed through the dissemination, via CSF, of secreting cells from malignant pituitary adenomas. PMID- 7256168 TI - Peripheral deiodination of thyroxine. PMID- 7256170 TI - [Kidney changes in the acute phase of paraquat poisoning in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256169 TI - The antagonism between pineal peptides and catecholamines. I. The action of the pineal peptide extract on some effects of exogenous adrenaline in the rat. AB - The effects of adrenaline alone or associated with Crinofizin, a pineal polypeptide extract, were studied on rats. The drug given 15 minutes before a hyperglycemic adrenaline dose counteracted the pharmacologic effects with lethal consequences of catecholamine as well as certain metabolic effects such as elevation of blood levels of glycerol, phospholipids and cholesterol. Post adrenaline hyperglycemia was not reduced by Crinofizin under the given experimental circumstances. The glycogenolytic effect of adrenaline was slightly inhibited. PMID- 7256171 TI - [Changes of thrombocytopoiesis during the first week after irradiation with doses of 2 Gy and 4 Gy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256172 TI - [Changes in the incorporation of 35S into megakaryocytes and thrombocytes of rats at early time intervals after exposure to 8 Gy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256174 TI - [Identification of some indolic acids in urine using mass fragmentography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256173 TI - [Importance of fluctuating cholesterolemia for the development of Experimental atherosclerosis in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256175 TI - [Effect of age, short single or repeated fasting on the presence of lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes in tissues of the CNS in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256176 TI - [Ascorbic acid concentration in the pituitary of the guinea pigs--effect of acute scurvy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256177 TI - [Late mortal complication of an old shot wound of the lungs, casuistical report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256178 TI - [Comparability of data on suicide rate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256179 TI - The effect of repeated supine exercise on exercise tolerance and left ventricular pump function in patients with angina pectoris. AB - The reproducibility of symptoms, exercise tolerance and haemodynamic variables describing left ventricular pump function have been studied at rest and during repeated supine exercise in ten patients with severe angina pectoris. Two exercise periods were performed about 20 min apart and the breaking point was in all cases determined by angina pectoris. The average working capacity was 22.5 W in both exercise periods. Duration of work, time to onset of angina and pain level at breaking point were not different in the two periods. There were no significant differences at rest nor during exercise for oxygen uptake, arterio venous oxygen difference, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressure, pulmonary artery mean pressure, right atrial mean pressure, stroke work index or left ventricular work. Pressure time index was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in the second rest period but systolic pressure heart rate product was not significantly different. The high reproducibility with very small variations of the variables studied should permit the use of this protocol to study the acute haemodynamic effects of pharmacological interventions at rest and during exercise in patients with severe effort-induced angina pectoris. PMID- 7256180 TI - Filtration as the main mechanism of increased protein extravasation in liver cirrhosis. AB - Transvascular escape rates of albumin and immunoglobulin-G, IgG (TERalb and TERIgG, i.e, the fractions of intravascular mass of albumin and IgG passing to the extravascular space per unit time) were determined simultaneously from the disappearance of intravenously injected 131I-labelled human serum albumin and 125I-labelled human IgG in eight patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The mean wedged hepatic venous pressure was 22 mmHg (range 13-34). TERalb and and TERIgG/TERalb ratio was on average 8.4 +/- 0.8%/h (SD), and 7.4 +/- 1.9%/h (SD), respectively and these values are significantly increased compared to normal subjects [TERalb = 5.2 +/- 1.0 %/h (SD) and TERIgG = 3.0 +/- 0.7 %/h (SD), P less than 0.001]. The TERIgG/TERalb ratio was on average 0.88 +/- 0.20 (SD), which is significantly higher than that of normals [0.58 +/- 0.08 (SD), P less than 0.005]. The results indicated that increased filtration (bulk flow) is the dominant process of the increase microvascular protein escape in cirrhosis, due most likely to increased hepatic, but also to increased extrahepatic splanchnic transcapillary protein flux. PMID- 7256181 TI - Skin temperature and subcutaneous adipose blood flow in man. AB - The abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) was measured bilaterally by the 133Xe washout method. At one side of the skin (epicutaneous) temperature was varied with a temperature blanket, the other side served as control. There was a significant (P less than 0.001) positive correlation between skin temperature and ATBF. In the range from 25 to 37 degrees CATBF increased 9% of the control flow on average per centigrade increase in skin temperature. ATBF at the control side was uninfluenced by the contralateral variations in skin temperature. Although no better correlation could be demonstrated between ATBF and subcutaneous temperature than between ATBF and skin temperature, arguments are presented in favour of the hypothesis that ATBF is influenced by the subcutaneous temperature rather than via reflexes from the skin. Infiltration of the 133Xe depots with 20 microgram histamine increased ATBF 6 fold on average. PMID- 7256182 TI - Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and vitamin D intake in healthy young adults in Britain and Denmark. AB - The serum 25-hyroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations of healthy young hospital laboratory workers in Britain and Denmark were compared in relation to assay variation and vitamin D intake. Serum samples from subjects in London and Copenhagen were assayed in both countries. The Danish assay gave higher values than the British assay with a correlation r = 0.88 and a linear regression of British values on Danish values of y = 0.60x + 3.35. Factors which might account for this difference were differences in the extraction procedure and in the range of values covered by the standards used in the two countries. However, the mean serum 25-OHD concentrations of the Danish group were significantly higher than those of the British group when all the samples were assayed in both countries. The mean total daily vitamin D uptake of the Danish group was significantly higher than that of the British group but this difference was almost entirely due to the regular intake of vitamin D tablets by sixteen of the twenty-five Danish subjects. Only one British subject took supplements. The vitamin D content of the food eaten was similar in the two groups. No correlation was found between dietary, as opposed to supplementary, vitamin D intake and serum 25-OHD levels presumably because the exposure of these subjects to ultra-violet light was adequate to compensate for minor differences in intake. PMID- 7256183 TI - DDAVP (1-desamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin) treatment of lithium-induced polyuria in the rat. AB - The antidiuretic responses of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and 1-desamino-8-D arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) were studied in rats with marked lithium-polyuria (about 100 ml/100 g/24 h) induced by administration of lithium to the diet for 3 4 months. The hormones were infused i.v. and s.c. at a constant rate for 7 days using implantable osmotic minipumps. Body weight, food consumption and urine volume and osmolality were recorded daily. Whereas supramaximal doses of AVP only had little effect on spontaneous urine flow and osmolality, DDAVP (0.1 microgram/h i.v. or 1 microgram/H s.c.) restored urine volume and osmolality to near-normal values. Although the mechanism of the antidiuresis evoked by DDAVP was not investigated the ability of this compound to reverse AVP-resistant polyuria may be due to its specificity and high intrinsic activity in stimulating the vasopressin receptor. The reversibility of lithium-induced impairment of renal concentrating ability caused by excessive hormonal stimulation is not immediately compatible with the recent hypothesis that lithium-polyuria may reflect irreversible structural kidney damage. PMID- 7256184 TI - Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hepatic cytochrome P-450 concentrations in epileptics undergoing anticonvulsant treatment. AB - Relation of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration to hepatic microsomal enzyme activity in eighteen epileptics with diagnostic liver biopsy was investigated, the cytochrome P-450 content in biopsy samples being used to reflect the liver enzyme activity. A significant correlation (r = 0.67, P less than 0.01) was found. Combination therapy with anticonvulsants was associated with higher plasma HDL cholesterol and hepatic cytochrome P-450 concentrations than the treatment with phenytoin alone. Serum triglyceride level was inversely related to the hepatic cytochrome P-450 content (r = 0.62, P less than 0.01). Plasma HDL cholesterol and hepatic cytochrome P-450 were related to liver histology. Patients with hepatic fatty infiltration had low HDL cholesterol and cytochrome P-450 concentrations. PMID- 7256185 TI - Simple routine assay for serum urea using immobilized urease. AB - The method described is a simple routine assay suited for a short series of serum samples. The time needed for one assay is 2 to 3 min from a stand-by arrangement. The urease is immobilized on controlled pore glass. The beads are placed in the column of an enzyme thermistor unit that is part of a continuous flow system. The heat of reaction when urea is degraded to ammonia and carbon dioxide by immobilized urease is measured and recorded continuously. The technique was investigated as regards to flow dependence, linearity, recovery, precision and some possible interfering substances. The within day precision was 0.8% (C.V.) and the day to day precision, during 56 days, was 3.0% (C.V.). Furthermore, the coefficient of correlation between results obtained with the enzyme thermistor unit and a conventional spectrophotometric method was 0.991. PMID- 7256186 TI - Acid glutathione S-transferase from human liver: preliminary report. AB - An acid glutathione S-transferase from human liver has been partially purified and characterized. The relative molecular mass of the enzyme is 46,000, and a double reciprocal plot of velocity against glutathione concentration is biphasic and shows in addition substrate inhibition. The enzyme differs from the basic human liver transferases alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon in the characteristics studied, but it bears a resemblance to transferase rho from human erythrocytes. When liver cytosol was analysed by isoelectric focusing using a short pH gradient and a density gradient formed of either glycerol or saccharose, the peak of glutathione S-transferase activity appeared at pH 4.63 +/- 0.02, in contrast to blood cell lysate which was found to contain a major peak at pH 4.63 and at least two additional peaks at pH 4.44 and 4.51, respectively. PMID- 7256187 TI - Effect of zinc on protoporphyrin induced photohaemolysis. AB - Zinc is readily inserted into protoporphyrin suspended either in a salt-sucrose buffered solution or endogenously present in red cell haemolysate in erythropoietic protoporphyria. Red cells from healthy persons were incubated with metal-free protoporphyrin or zinc-protoporphyrin and irradiated with light at 360 470 nm. The photohaemolysis was significantly less with zinc-protoporphyrin compared with that of the metal-free protoporphyrin. The results are discusssed in relation to the possibility of using zinc as a photoprotective and hepatoprotective agent in erythropoietic protoporphyria. PMID- 7256189 TI - What is the quality of quality control procedures? PMID- 7256188 TI - Radioimmunoassay for tricyclic antidepressants. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants is described. The antibodies were produced in rabbits immunized with a conjugate of N-succinyl-nortriptyline and human serum albumin and they were shown to be specific for the tricyclic antidepressant group of drugs. The assay was tested for the determination of amitriptyline and nortriptyline concentrations in plasma or serum. Specificity was achieved by coupling a simple extraction procedure (based on selective extraction of amitriptyline and nortriptyline at different pH values) to the assay. Using [3H]imipramine as the tracer the sensitivity of the assay is 3.8-18.0 nmol/l depending on whether the extraction procedure is used or not and it can be carried out with 50-200 microliter sample volumes. Because of its advantages (sensitivity, specificity, simplicity, small sample volumes, low cost) this procedure is suitable for drug monitoring both during controlled tricyclic therapy and pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 7256190 TI - Pre-operative exercise testing in patients suspected of arteriosclerotic heart disease: methods, risks and reproducibility. AB - In order to estimate the value of haemodynamic parameters in assessing impaired left ventricular function the reproducibility of haemodynamic measurements were investigated at rest and during supine exercise on a bicycle ergometer in fifty one patients suspected of arteriosclerotic heart disease by means of a Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery thermodilution catheter and a radial artery catheter. Furthermore the minimal significant (P less than 0.05) change from rest to exercise was determined. In conclusion we found that haemodynamic measurements during exercise testing estimate left ventricular function in a safe and reproducible manner. A rise in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) of only 0.9 kPa during exercise was significant, whereas changes in stroke volume index (SVI) were considered significant only when exceeding 9 ml/m2. PMID- 7256191 TI - The stability of blood, plasma and serum constituents during simulated transport. AB - The aim of the study was to simulate physical conditions occurring during mail transport and to study how these conditions influence the stability of material for clinical chemistry analysis. Periods of transport at constant temperatures did not result in big changes. We found that all serum and plasma constituents tested should be considered stable for 4 days at -20 degrees C. Except for the coagulation factors studied all other serum and plasma constituents were stable also at 4 degrees C and 20 degrees C. Blood cells were studied only at 4 degrees C at which temperature they were stable for 4 days except for thrombocytes. The condition that caused the largest effect was changing of temperature. Temperature gradient from ambient to 50 degrees C influenced the concentrations of all cells in blood, of coagulation factors in plasma and of enzymes in serum. The constituents were remarkably stable during shaking. The results agreed with those of a field study on the effect of mail transport by Berg et al. [3]. PMID- 7256192 TI - Plasma enzymes in myocardial infarction. An appraisal of quantitative, clinical and pathophysiological information. AB - In twenty-nine patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction changes of concentrations in plasma of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were monitored 1 week following onset of infarction. The temporal characteristics of enzyme changes described are (i) the time lag from onset of chest pain until increasing enzyme concentrations occur, (ii) the time of maximum concentrations, and (iii) the period during which enzyme is released into blood. Three estimates for the extent of the infarct (i) the peak value of the plasma enzyme curves,(ii the value of the cumulated plasma curves, and (iii) the size of the infarct in grams of necrotic myocardial tissue were, as expected, closely correlated. It is concluded, that the three types of quantification of infarct size are of almost identical value for clinical, prognostic usage, From a pathophysiological point of view they are of limited interest being based on assumptions that are either unlikely to occur or cannot be tested in man. PMID- 7256193 TI - Clinical chemical analyses of serum obtained from capillary versus venous blood, using Microtainers and Vacutainers. AB - The concentrations of sixteen chemical constituents determined in specimens from skin puncture serum (capillary serum) collected in Microtainer were compared to the concentrations in venous serum collected in Vacutainer from adult individuals. Compared to venous serum, the concentrations in skin puncture serum were higher for potassium (2.9%), chloride (2.3%) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (86.7%) and lower for sodium (1.6%), calcium (3.2%), phosphorus (5.0%), creatinine (6.6%) and total protein (4.7%), whereas no differences were observed for urea, bilirubin, ASAT, ALAT, LD, insulin and thyroxin. The differences for sodium, calcium and TSH are explained by interference form the sampling device (Microtainer). Except for TSH, the differences are small and probably of minor clinical importance. PMID- 7256194 TI - The binding of high density lipoproteins to isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - The association of 125I-labelled rat high density lipoproteins (125-I-HDL) to suspended rat hepatocytes was studied at 4 degrees C. 125 I-HDL associated to isolated hepatocytes by two processes-one of high and one of low affinity. The cell-association of 125I-HDL exhibited saturation kinetics and was inhibited to varying degrees with both rat and human lipoproteins such as VLDL, LDL and HDL but not by lipoprotein deficient serum or asialo-fetuin. The cell-association of 125I-HDL did not require divalent cations and could be reduced by pronase treatment of the cells. The binding site was clearly different from the receptor for LDL in extrahepatic cells since heparin and apolipoprotein E did not compete and cholesterol ester labelled HDL. The number of binding sites for HDL at 4 degrees C was 2.2 X 10(6) per cell and the association constant (Ka) 8.2 X 10(6) (mol/l)-1. Experiments with HDL labelled with [3H] cholesterol by means of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT, EC 2.3.1.43) in the cholesterol ester moiety suggested that the same mechanism was responsible for the cell association of HDL prepared this way. PMID- 7256195 TI - Studies of monoclonal and polyclonal anti-digoxin antibodies for serum digoxin radioimmunoassay. AB - We compared the advantages of monoclonal antibodies (produced by plasma cell myeloma cell hybrid lines) and those of conventional antibodies in the radioimmunoassay of digoxin. It was found that antibodies produced by some hybrid cell lines (hybridomas) were highly specific for the digoxin structure; this way the cross-reactions to related structures (e.g. spironolactone) could be avoided. When the hybridoma lines were grown in ascites, the resulting fluid could have as high or higher titre than the serum of a hyperimmunized rabbit. The high titre, the specificity and the permanent growth of the hybridoma lines make them an optimal source of the specific antibody in clinical radioimmunoassays for the measurement of drug or hormone levels. PMID- 7256196 TI - Myoglobin kinetics in patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction in its early phase -as studied by the single injection method. AB - The turnover of myoglobin has been examined with the single injection technique in eight patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction during its early phase. All patients had elevated serum levels of myoglobin and creatine kinase MB. The serum disappearance curve of [125I]myoglobin could be fitted adequately by a two-compartment model. The kinetic parameters did not differ form those estimated for six healthy old volunteers, previously studied with the same technique. The average elimination rate constant was 0.80 +/- 0.37 h-1 and the average turnover was 5.5 +/- 3.2 h (SD). The values are in good agreement with corresponding estimates for the retinol-binding protein, with a molecule weight (21,000) close to that for myoglobin (mol. wt 17,800). In comparison with beta 2 microglobulin, another low molecular weight protein (mol. wt 11,800), the elimination rate constant for myoglobin is significantly smaller and the turnover time is longer, as could be expected form the difference in molecular weight. Plasma protein binding of myoglobin could not be excluded, however. PMID- 7256197 TI - Effect of intravenous melperone on atrial repolarization in man. AB - The effect of 10 mg of melperone intravenously on the duration of the right atrial monophasic action potential was studied in seven patients and one healthy volunteer. Melperone induced an increase of the atrial monophasic action potential duration by 13%, 15 min after intravenous injection of the drug. This prolongation was a consistent finding but was within the limits of normal intra individual variation and considerably smaller than normal inter-individual differences. However, the observations warrant studies to evaluate the effect of the drug in different cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 7256198 TI - Gap healing of compact bone. AB - Standard-sized holes were drilled in the tibia of rats resulting in a reproducible model which can be used to study the different stages of gap healing where practically no influence from biomechanical forces is present. Primary bone healing takes place in holes up to a diameter of 800 micrometer. In this case, no differentiated cartilage or connective tissue is formed. The medullary cavity is closed by a sealing callus. The bony splinters resulting from the operation are incorporated into the osseous framework. Revascularization results from the formation of medullary sinus which grows into the hole. The periosteal osseous depositions are supplied by the nutrient vessels, too. The centrifugal arterial bloodstream and the centripetal venous backflow are maintained under stress conditions during gap healing. Our investigations showed that after ten days drill holes in compact bone had been two-thirds filled from the medullary canal. At this point, the periosteal new bone formation had not yet reached the edge of the hole. The medullary sinus system in the medullary canal is different from the periosteal vascular network in that the former displays vessels with a regularly developed framework. PMID- 7256199 TI - Ion charge neutralization effects in scanning electron microscopes. AB - The use of low energy ion charge neutralization to stabilize surface potentials in scanning microscopes leads to the observation of new effects. Among the most important of these, are effects which result from the primary beam being scanned in a raster. A new theory which describes raster charge-up for highly insulating specimens is presented. It is shown that the required neutralizing ion current is a surprisingly strong function of the primary electron current, the raster parameters, specimen parameters, and magnification. Contrary to intuition, the required ion current is not linearly related to the primary electron current. Methods of adjusting parameters to achieve better ion charge neutralization are discussed. PMID- 7256200 TI - The vascular system of bone marrow. AB - Not only the arterial, but also the low pressure system of the bone marrow can be demonstrated by micro-corrosion casts using resins of low viscosity. Vascular bone specimen are obtained by injection of self-curing resin and through subsequent maceration. The three-dimensional representation of the vascular pattern in bone marrow in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) enriches the interpretation of morphology and function of the low pressure system. The nutrient arteries enter the medullary canal and then progress in a spiral form branching into the metaphysis. The arterioles arise from the smaller arteries, further divide into smaller arterial capillaries which then drain into sinusoids which were conically enlarged. The three-dimensional and often hexagonal arrangement of the vascular framework is very evident. Increasing in width the marrow sinusoids drain into wider veins and lastly into the central venous canal. Apart from these medullary sinusoids, finely calibered thin-walled venous capillaries in a regularly anastomosing network can be found as an indication that the wide medullary sinusoids are to be considered as a functional state of active bone marrow. PMID- 7256201 TI - Scanning electron microscope autoradiography of critical point dried biological samples. AB - A technique has been developed for the localization of isotopes in the scanning electron microscope. Autoradiographic studies have been performed using a model system and a unicellular biflagellate alga. One requirement of this technique is that all manipulations be carried out on samples that are maintained in a liquid state. Observations of a source of radiation (125I-ferritin) show that the nuclear emulsion used to detect radiation is active under these conditions. Efficiency measurement performed using 125I-ferritin indicate that 125-I-SEM autoradiography is an efficient process that exhibits a 'dose dependent' response. Two types of labeling methods were used with cells, surface labeling with 125I and internal labeling with 3H. Silver grains appeared on labeled cells after autoradiography, removal of residual gelatin and critical point drying. The location of grains was examined on a flagellated green alga (Chlamydomonas reinhardi) capable of undergoing cell fusion. Fusion experiments using labeled and unlabeled cells indicate that 1. Labeling is specific for incorporated radioactivity; 2. Cell surface structure is preserved in SEM autoradiographs and 3. The technique appears to produce reliable autoradiographs. Thus scanning electron microscope autoradiography should provide a new and useful experimental approach. PMID- 7256202 TI - Critical point drying: contamination in transitional fluid supply cylinders. AB - We call attention to the occurrence of an oily residue in the CPD bomb after critical point drying, as well as the presence of rust, dirt, and an oily residue in CO2 and Freon supply cylinders. Bottled gas is often tested for purity once after manufacturing and then is pumped and stored, perhaps several times, before the consumer's cylinders are filled. The cylinders may be in use for over 40 years, and may never be chemically cleaned, although they are hydrostatically pressure tested every five years, with the date of each test stamped on the cylinder. To the bottled gas industry we recommend regular inspection of tanks for bottom contamination, and vacuum and chemical cleaning when contamination is found. To users of bottled gas for critical point drying, we recommend becoming aware of the procedures of cylinder inspection, cleaning, and circulation among users. We suggest reporting to the gas supplier any contamination produced by inadvertently backfilling the supply cylinder. Although a common awareness of the problem of supply cylinder residues should lead to failures, the best assurance of clean, oil-free, dry liquid CO2 and other transitional fluids may be in the development of in-line filters which would remove particles, oil and moisture between the supply cylinder and the CPD bomb. We also suggest the use of gas grades higher than commercial, such as welding anhydrous (CO2) or specialty gases. PMID- 7256203 TI - Cryoultramicrotomy as a preparation method for x-ray microanalysis. AB - X-ray microanalysis allows "in situ" studies on ;the elemental composition of the cell and its compartments. The reliability of the results is almost entirely determined by the preparation method. Two criteria for a reliable preparation method have been formulated: (1) it must preserve the ultrastructure to permit identification of cellular compartments, (2) it must retain the elements in their in vivo location. We investigated cryoultramicrotomy and confirmed its validity as a preparation method for X-ray microanalysis of diffusible elements. The method is only truly reliable, however, under the following conditions: (1) the tissue must be frozen rapidly, (2) the sections must be cut in the ice crystal free surface layer, (3) the sections must be cut at low temperature (e.g. a specimen temperature of -140 degrees C, a knife temperature of -100 to -120 degrees C and a cryochamber temperature under -100 degrees C, and pressed onto the grid and freeze-dried at a temperature of -100 degrees C). PMID- 7256204 TI - Biomedical microanalysis--putting it to work now in diagnostic pathology. AB - Based on a review of seven years' experience with microanalysis in human pathology, the emphasis of this keynote paper is that currently available microanalytic instrumentation and methodology are of great use diagnostically. The appropriate diagnostic questions which must be posed for microanalysis center around those seeking the cause of the disease (etiologic diagnosis). The preventive and forensic aspects of etiologic diagnosis are stressed. Pathologists analyse not only tissues but also material samples. The backscattered electron (BSE) image with compositional contrast has been essential in making efficient diagnostic use of microanalysis in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). From the 454 specimens seen in the four years 1976-1979, examples are presented to illustrate several aspects of microanalysis: e.g., documentation of the identity and source of toxic dust in lungs; identification of particulate materials in liver, kidney, salivary glands, lymph nodes, etc.; problems of contamination of specimens; use of high vs low magnification analysis; relative volume of tissue sampled using thick (5 micrometer) vs thin (100nm) sections; time required for analysis; and use of fresh frozen, cryo-sectioned tissue for analysis of soluble materials. For practical diagnostic microanalysis, SEM with BSE and x-ray microanalysis of 5 micrometer thick tissue sections at present seems to be the most efficient procedure. PMID- 7256205 TI - Histochemical applications of x-ray microanalysis: the simultaneous assessment of mitosis and cell death. AB - The principles of x-ray microanalytical histochemistry are reviewed. The use of labelling and precipitation techniques are examined, and particular attention is paid to the localization of enzymatic activity. A new method is described for the simultaneous assessment of mitosis as represented by the incorporation of (3H) thymidine, and cell death as represented by the localization of free acid phosphatase, in the same tissue section. The thymidine incorporation is demonstrated by the appearance of topographically and microanalytically detectable silver grains in an overlying emulsion and the cell lysis associated acid phosphatase activity is detected optically and microanalytically by means of a bromine-rich azo dye deposited as a result of coupling naphthol AS BI, enzymatically released from naphthyl AS BI phosphoric acid, with diazotized 2,5 dibromoaniline. PMID- 7256206 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the adult human testis. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was performed on adult human testicular tissue using fresh orchiectomy and some recent autopsy material. After preliminary fixation in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, blocks were taken for scanning electron microscopy and for correlative light and transmission electron microscopy,. For scanning electron microscopy, the tissue was processed by means of the osmium-thiocarbohydrazide-osmium method, dehydrated and critical point dried with CO2. Blocks taken from the periphery of the testis showed the presence of the tunica albuginea, which formed a comparatively dense encapsulation around the testis. Large blood vessels were present at points along the innermost layer of the tunica. Within the testis, the vessels became progressively smaller and came into close apposition to the seminiferous tubules. Individual tubules could be identified from the lowest magnification (15x). They were seen both as intact, intricately convoluted structures and at all levels and planes of transection. Within the tubules, the seminiferous epithelium was seen both in the intact and transected state. All of the cell types, were identified. In the basal layer, in contact with the basement membrane, there were spermatogonia and varying numbers of Sertoli cells. Spermatocytes were located in the mid-zone of the tubule and spermatids in the adluminal compartment. There were numerous tails of spermatozoa projecting into the lumen. Normal spermatozoa, some round headed forms and an occasional bizarre multiheaded spermatozoon were observed. Leydig cells were noted in the intertubular angles and in close proximity to blood vessels. PMID- 7256207 TI - Application of cryofracture and SEM to the study of human cerebellar cortex. AB - The SEM and cryofracture methods were used to study neuronal architecture and some synaptic connections of human cerebellum. Samples were processed according to the technique of Humphreys et al. (1975) with minor modifications. The granule cells, arranged in groups or randomly distributed, appeared as spheroidal, rough surfaced microneurons with unbranched filiform axons and coniform dendritic processes. The mossy fibers were observed as thick axons showing the rosette expansions covered by numerous granule cell dendritic processes at the glomerular regions. The mossy glomeruli were seen as round or ovoid clews or balls of yarn separating the granule cell groups. The uncovered mossy rosettes, devoid of the postsynaptic granule cell dendritic digits, unattached by the cryofracture technique appear as solid club-like structures. the climbing fibers were characterized by their thick collaterals. Some fractographs exhibited isolated Golgi cells showing the entire ascending and horizontal dendrites and their beaded shape axonal plexus. At the Purkinje layer, the surface fracture was produced at the level of Bergmann glial cells, which are selectively removed, thus allowing us to visualize the rough surface of purkinje cell soma and the supra and infraganglionic plexuses of basket cell axons. At the molecular layer the stellate neurons were characterized with their horizontal short axons and the Bergmann fiber ends were seen attached to the surface of the folia forming the external glial limiting membrane. PMID- 7256208 TI - Conductive coatings studied on inflated lung in the frozen-hydrated and freeze dried states. AB - Evaporative coatings of platinum-carbon and gold on freeze-fractured mouse lung, preserved in frozen-hydrated and freeze-dried states, are studied in secondary emission mode by low temperature scanning electron microscopy. Unfixed, inflated frozen lung is freeze-etched in high vacuum, metal coated and observed frozen hydrated and freeze-dried, to demonstrate sample shrinkage and coating deformation upon drying the sample. Buckling and cracking of the coatings occur as a result of freeze-drying. Correlative TEM thin film analysis of the coatings is used to estimate film thickness and reticularity. Freeze-drying biological samples is a common SEM preparative technique which causes morphological artifacts due to both freezing and drying. Frozen-hydrated low temperature-SEM investigation can selectively study these artifacts morphologically to distinguish between freezing and drying artifacts. PMID- 7256209 TI - Relative leucopenia in the peripheral blood of asbestos miners: a epidemiologic analysis. AB - The study examines differential leucocyte counts in blood of asbestos miners and quarriers identified during the course of a community health survey comprising 693 men over 25 years of age of all occupations. Subjects in the asbestos mining and quarrying occupational groups were present in the lowest total leucocyte quintile in significantly greater numbers than expected on the basis of a age specific uniform leucocyte distribution based upon the total population of male workers. This relative leucopenia was not seen in their wives nor in any of the 22 other major occupational groups examined after their leucocyte counts were adjusted for age and sex variations. PMID- 7256210 TI - Platelets in myeloproliferative disorders. III: Glycoprotein profile in relation to platelet function and platelet density. AB - Membrane glycoproteins (GP) are implicated in platelet functions. In myeloproliferative diseases (MD), some of these functions are known to be perturbed. 16 patients with various MD were investigated for platelet functions (retention to glass beads, epinephrine- and ristocetin-induced aggregation), platelet density distribution and PAS-staining glycoprotein profile on SDS polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis. An abnormal GP pattern (moderate reduction of GP (Ib + Is) and GP IIb with corresponding increase in GP IIIb) was demonstrated but no relation to platelet dysfunction or density distribution was observed. No differences between the various types of MD were noticed although the group of polycythaemia vera was the less perturbed for platelet function, platelet density and also GP profile. PMID- 7256211 TI - Acquired trisomy 12 and absent Y chromosome in a patients with acute undifferentiated leukaemia. AB - A 60-year-old man developed pancytopenia and then acute leukaemia. The neoplastic cells in marrow were undifferentiated by electron microscopy and by immunological and cytochemical markers. The only other cells present in marrow were lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and non-haematopoietic elements. Prior to chemotherapy, cytogenetic analysis of marrow cells showed two karyotypically distinct cell populations, one with 45,X,--Y and the other with a 46,X,--Y,+12 karyotype. All marrow cells stimulated by protein-A from staphylococcus aureus were 46,X,--Y,+12. Phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated cells were normal, 46,XY. These findings suggest strongly that most of the undifferentiated leukaemic cells were missing the Y chromosome. A subpopulation of these leukaemic cells also had trisomy 12. These observations and previously published findings suggest that trisomy 12 occurs non-randomly in haematological disorders, and in particular, may be associated with B-lymphoid malignancy. PMID- 7256212 TI - Sideroblastic anaemia in association with malignant histiocytosis. AB - A 69-year-old women died of malignant histiocytosis in association with sideroblastic anaemia. Respiratory insufficiency was a prominent clinical feature and was found to be due to obstruction of pulmonary capillaries by malignant histiocytes. It is possible that the same abnormal myeloid clone gave rise to malignant histiocytosis and sideroblastic anaemia. PMID- 7256213 TI - Non-specific iron in patients with beta-thalassaemia trait and chronic active hepatitis. AB - A non-specific iron fraction, not bound to transferrin, has been looked for in the sera of 42 never-transfused patients with beta-thalassaemia trait, 17 of whom had chronic active hepatitis, negative for HBV infection or alcohol abuse. Non specific iron was found only in the sera of those patients with beta-thalassaemia trait plus chronic active hepatitis who had complete transferrin saturation, high serum ferritin levels and urinary iron excretion and a high degree of hepatic siderosis. In view of the known toxicity of non-transferrin iron, we suggest that this non-transferrin iron fraction may be responsible for the liver damage in these patients. Furthermore, the positive correlation between the presence and the amount of non-transferrin iron and the levels of serum ferritin suggests that this fraction is a sensitive indicator of iron-induced toxicity when severe iron overload slowly develops in patients with beta-thalassaemia trait even in the absence of any iron administration. PMID- 7256214 TI - 111Indium-chloride bone marrow scintigraphy in aplastic anaemia. AB - Bone marrow scintigraphy, using 111Indium-chloride, was performed in 24 patients with acquired aplastic anaemia to investigate: (1) a possible relationship between bone marrow scintigraphy and peripheral blood cell values, (2) a possible relationship between scintigraphy and histology of the bone marrow and (3) the ability to distinguish various aplastic anaemia subtypes with bone marrow scintigraphy. For this purpose a semi-quantitative scoring of scintigraphic results was used. Only a weak correlation was found between the radionuclide studies and blood counts. It appeared that an abnormal 111In-scintigraphic activity in the pelvis was related to an abnormal quality and quantity of haematopoietic tissue. To study a correlation with histological subtype grading, the patients were grouped in 4 categories based on clinical-histological results. Thus it could be demonstrated that the presence of 111In-activity in long bones ('scintigraphic extension') is an important parameter in distinguishing patients who are believed to suffer from a primary stem-cell defect, from patients who may suffer from an auto-aggressive disorder. PMID- 7256215 TI - Spontaneously DNA synthesizing blood and spleen lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Spontaneously DNA synthesizing blood and spleen lymphocytes in 9 patients with Hodgkin's disease have been studied by surface markers and by autoradiography after in vitro labelling with 3H-thymidine of cell specimens separated according to size. The findings have been related to functional characteristics of blood lymphocytes. The distribution of E and EAC rosetting cells in blood and spleen was similar also after separation according to cell size. The number of mainly large activated blood and spleen cells was increased in patients as compared to controls. Both E and EAC rosetting cells participated in this unexplained cell challenge. PMID- 7256216 TI - [Psychotherapies: current status and perspectives]. AB - A multitude of psychotherapic methods are proposed to the patients and their demand for psychotherapy is steadily increasing. The reasons of this phenomena are analyzed by the authors. On the basis of their different conceptual background and their ends, the psychotherapies are divided in six groups. The criteria by which the choice of a method is made as well as this of different possible associations are discussed. The assessment of efficacy is considered. The social implications and future of the different psychotherapic methods are screened. PMID- 7256217 TI - [Consequences of psychotherapeutic research in recent years for general practice]. AB - Psychotherapy research nowadays has become a highly complex field. Its results are presented in 10 hypotheses of which the following are discussed in more details: 1. Indication-stereotype: Variables attractive to the therapist (as "interesting case; nice person; can help him") dominate in a unreflective way those variables characterizing the patient. Those patients called YAVIS (young; attractive; verbal; intelligent; successful) are mostly dealt within uncovering, psychodynamic concepts whereas non-YAVIS-patients are mostly treated with undifferentiated supportive techniques. 2. Of those variables which proofed to be effective, the unspecific factors are superior to the specific, technical factors. 3. Special emphasis is put on side-effects of psychotherapy--long proofed empirically but mostly ignored clinically. 4. Efficacy of psychotherapy as such can no longer be doubted, but its cost-effect-analysis becomes a more and more crucial aspect. The consequences are in favour of short term methods. Strupp has proposed a "Tripartite Model of Psychotherapy", which tries to integrate the needs of the 3 partners involved: patient, therapist and society. PMID- 7256218 TI - [The relationship of psychotherapy to medicine and psychiatry]. AB - After having gone into detail on the medical aspect of psychotherapy which treats patients, the author describes the complex relation between the fields of medicine and psychiatry, the latter not yet being fully integrated into the former. This is demonstrated, for example, by the difficulty with which a bio psycho-social model is accepted in the medical field. This inadequacy of psychiatry in the eyes of the medical world has historical as well as theoretical origins whose importance should not be minimized. In an attempt to understand the patient as a whole, training and research psychotherapy centres play a major role. This is where the psychodynamics of the patient as well as that of the physician can be examined with the greatest lucidity and intensity. From this it can be deduced that it is on the basis of the work of such psychotherapeutic training centres that medical psychology, in the large sense of the term, can shed light into the medical world at the price, it is true, of constant efforts at improving the techniques and examining the theories involved. PMID- 7256219 TI - [Developments in psychotherapy of schizophrenia]. AB - 1. The author tries to consider at first the development of psychotherapy in shizophrenic patients in a historical review which sees the present emerge from the fusion of three main tendencies of thinking. 2. He then traces the actual stage of his own thirty-year evolution of work and shows, how schizophrenic symptoms can be turned into special forms of communication in Psychotherapy. 3. Psychotherapy in schizophrenia seems to be, by this aspect, the place where the contributions of psychoanalysis, by Freud, of analytical psychology, by Jung, of Daseinsanalyse by Binswanger and of the American transactionalism join in operational patterns of the psychiatric communication. PMID- 7256220 TI - [Psychiatric practice as it appears in the Balint group]. AB - The author reports on his experience as Balint group leader, either with only psychiatrists, or with both G.P.s and psychiatrist. After recalling what is precisely meant by "Balint group" he emphasizes: 1. The shift from psychotherapeutic attitudes towards systematizes psychotherapies. 2. The psychodynamic of psychotropic drug prescription as it appears in the clinical cases reported by the group members. 3. The way a psychiatrist may use his "personal deficiencies" to understand a peculiar case. 4. The special features of psychotic patient care by the G.P.s and the deriving relationship problems with the psychiatrist. PMID- 7256221 TI - [Proximity and distance in psychotherapy]. AB - Questions of proximity and distance in the psychoanalytic-orientated psychotherapy are discussed in this paper. In the last decennies the predominating trend consisted in reducing the distance between patient and doctor in order to handle a therapy as directly as possible by admitting psychic and physical proximity. Legal, moral and psychotherapeutic problems were raised by this proceeding. The author calls the attention to the special dangers of proximity in psychotherapy. PMID- 7256222 TI - [Current medical practice and psychotherapy]. AB - Every physician has his own way of practising a certain form of psychotherapy which can be positive or negative. Why not help those who ask for a training in psychotherapic relation? Psychoanalysis has taught us that the main point concerning the formation to psychoanalysis consists in the personal experience of transferance and counter-transferance. Therefore, the problem is to know whether something essential can (or cannot) be transmitted from this experience without the practice of a personal psychoanalysis. Michael Balint has made this hypothesis and has proposed an apprenticeship method intended for the physicians. The conference studies the conditions of the formation in this hypothesis. The author proposes to call it "a professional psychotherapy." The question is, in fact, to give the opportunity to the physician to "cure" himself from the illusion that the numerical-experimental (or "scientific") model is the only operation model of medicine and to restore to him the possibility to improve his practice by the level of psychotherapy of which he is capable after an experience of "limited but considerable" change. PMID- 7256223 TI - [Group therapy in the psychiatric clinic]. PMID- 7256224 TI - [Introduction to brief psychotherapy with a psychoanalytic orientation]. AB - Introductory paper describing succinctly the technique of brief analytical psychotherapy as developed by one of the authors in Lausanne. The author tries to demonstrate that a single modification of the setting in comparison with psychoanalysis bends the therapeutic relationship towards a stressing of the importance of the "hic et nunc". If this phenomenon comes clearly to the therapist and is adequately interpreted, a "natural" associative process develops where the analysis of transference and countertransference takes a primordial place. This process is comparable with psychoanalysis as far as certain transference movements are concerned, but the working mechanisms are different. PMID- 7256225 TI - [Haemoccult and Colorectal: a comparative prospective study on the detection of occult blood in the feces]. AB - Comparison of Colorektal and Haemoccult in 600 stool samples from 200 ambulatory, non-selected patients over the age of 40 revealed an equal number of positively reacting specimens (Colorektal 5.8%, Haemoccult 5.7%). Comparison of the results in relation to patients showed 28 positive cases with Colorektal and 18 with Haemoccult. Diagnostic workup disclosed a lesion potentially responsible for the bleeding in 67% of the cases with Haemoccult-positive and 54% with Colorektal positive stool samples. PMID- 7256226 TI - [Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in internal medicine]. AB - 14 prospective, randomized trials dealing with non-operated patients were analyzed. In all of them the presence of deep vein thrombosis was measured by the radioactive iodine fibrinogen uptake test. Various prophylactic regimens were tested. 13 studies concern patients after myocardial infarction and one a cerebral hemorrhage patient. Only 2 trials confirm the value of oral couramin administration for the reduction of deep vein thrombosis after myocardial infarction. Two studies show that prophylactic anticoagulation with a full dose of heparin reduces the incidence of deep vein thrombosis after myocardial infarction. In 3 studies, again after myocardial infarction, a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis is found when small doses of heparin are given. In 1 study investigating a few patients no effect could be shown. Low doses of heparin reduce the incidence of deep vein thrombosis after acute cerebral hemorrhage. Early mobilization has reduced the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in 21 patients after myocardial infarction, as compared to 8 patients treated with bed rest. Heavy smokers suffering myocardial infarction show a statistically significant lower incidence of deep vein thrombosis than non-smokers, as 3 papers confirm. PMID- 7256228 TI - [Long term recording of motor activity: its use in research and clinical situations]. AB - A method is described for long-term recording of motor activity with a wrist-worn solid-state activity monitor. Movement-induced signals are integrated over predetermined periods (usually 7.5 min) and stored in the memory (1024 8-bit words) of the device. At 5-day intervals the data are transferred into a minicomputer and plotted in graph form. The technique may be used for studying the rest activity cycle and motor activity during sleep under normal life conditions. Sleep disorders and pharmacological effects on sleep can be objectified from the activity plots. Various applications in clinical medicine and in research are illustrated and discussed. PMID- 7256227 TI - [Pruritus in Hodgkin's disease responding to cimetidine]. AB - A 34-year-old woman who had had intractable pruritus for 2 years experienced dramatic relief from the symptom under treatment with cimetidine. On investigation, stage IIIb Hodgkin's disease was diagnosed and responded well to chemotherapy with a remission lasting now for 2 years. After the beginning of chemotherapy cimetidine was discontinued and the pruritus did not recur. PMID- 7256229 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of cardiac tamponade. An analysis of 50 patients]. AB - Cardiac tamponade (CT) is a life-threatening complication of pericardial effusion which must be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. The diagnostic value of the various symptoms and clinical signs, and the problems of pericardial puncture and drainage are reviewed in a group of 50 patients. Dyspnea was the most frequent symptom (92%), while elevated jugular venous pressure and pulsus paradoxus were the dominant findings in all patients. Non-specific enlargement of cardiac shadow on chest x-ray (98%) and low voltage in the electrocardiogram (62%) also provided important diagnostic information. However, echocardiography was the most reliable method of confirming the presence of pericardial fluid and assessing its quantity. The underlying cause of CT was most often malignant tumor (58%), followed by uremia (16%), idiopathic pericarditis (12%) and post cardiotomy syndrome (10%). Removal of the pericardial fluid resulted in rapid improvement in all cases. Left parasternal drainage under echocardiographic control in 23 patients with a broad (greater than 10 mm) anterior echofree space proved to be a rapid and safe alternative to subxiphoidal puncture or surgical drainage. Longterm prognosis depends on the underlying disease. As might be expected, survival time is usually short in malignant pericarditis; however, even such cases warrant active treatment to relieve subjective symptoms. PMID- 7256230 TI - [Central-core myopathy. A clinical and morphological study on the diagnostic specificity of central muscle fiber changes]. AB - Predominance of type I fibres and loss of oxidative enzyme activity, such as DPNH dehydrogenase, in the centre of muscle fibres, an alteration called "central core", are considered characteristic findings in central core myopathy. Similar findings in various peripheral neurogenic disorders motivated the authors to check the diagnostic specificity of central cores. Among 1200 muscular biopsies performed for various neuromuscular diseases, 13 biopsies with central cores were found. Only 2 or 3 of them were central core myopathies, while clinical and electromyographic findings served to classify the remaining 10 cases as peripheral neurogenic disorders (anterior horn cells, anterior nerve roots, plexus, peripheral nerves). The results support the observation that central cores are not a specific finding in central core myopathy; identical alterations are caused by various peripheral neurogenic disorders. Clinical, electromyographic and morphologic findings must be considered for the purpose of diagnostic classification. It is not yet known whether central core myopathy really is of myogenic origin or whether it is caused by a peripheral neurogenic disorder. The authors therefore prefer the term "central core disease" to "central core myopathy". Their findings support the neurogenic hypothesis. PMID- 7256231 TI - [Coronary artery spasms with normal coronary arteries as the cause of recurrent ventricular fibrillations]. AB - Coronary arterial spasms are thought to be responsible for acute myocardial infarction in some patients with normal coronary arteries. A report is presented on a patient with a history of Prinzmetal angina pectoris involving ST-segment elevations in the electrocardiogram and recurrent ventricular fibrillation. Selective coronary arteriography revealed normal coronary arteries. Administration of nifedipin and isosorbide dinitrate brought about prompt relief of pain. One year after cardiac catheterization the patient developed recurrent ventricular arrhythmias when administration of nifedipin was discontinued. It is concluded that coronary arterial spasms may occur in patients with normal coronaries and may cause transient myocardial ischemia with severe ventricular arrhythmias. A history of Prinzmetal angina pectoris is usually present and medical treatment consists in administration of nifedipin and isosorbide dinitrate. PMID- 7256232 TI - [Responsibility of the veterinarian]. PMID- 7256233 TI - [Tick-borne encephalitis in the horse]. PMID- 7256234 TI - [Occlusion of the digital arteries as a cause of lameness in the horse]. PMID- 7256236 TI - [Diffuse granulomatous metritis in the dromedary. Histopathological findings]. PMID- 7256237 TI - [Occasional parasitoses and toxoplasma antibodies in Equidae in Belgium. Special reference to coccidiosis]. PMID- 7256235 TI - [Muscular atrophy and paralysis of the hindlimbs in a case of "granulomatous reticulosis" in a German shepherd dog]. PMID- 7256238 TI - [Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)---a unique enzyme in extensive application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256239 TI - [Research development in biological effects of microwave (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256241 TI - [The progress in gastrin research (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256240 TI - [Present knowledge of nutrient requirements and allowances (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256242 TI - [Pancreatic polypeptide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256243 TI - [Advances in electrophysiology of cochlea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256244 TI - [Recent advance in the research of formation of temporary connection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256245 TI - [The changes of cerebral blood flow in pathological conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256246 TI - [The tubero-infundibular system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256248 TI - [Application of gas chromatography to respiratory and blood gas analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256247 TI - [Endogenous opiate-like substances and cardiovascular activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256249 TI - Double superior venae cavae associated with aberrant subclavian artery--the atavistic and transitional nature of "proximal loss" aortic arch. AB - A case of double superior venae cavae (Bvc) associated with bilateral azygos veins (Baz), aberrant subclavian artery (Sa) and other rare variations is recorded in a two-year-old Chinese girl with an unknown cause of death. A review of the literature since 1844 indicates that there has been no reported case of a right Sa associated with Bvc + Baz. The primitive arrangement of the thoracic large vessels in this case (Bvc + Baz and CHim type of aortic branches) substantiates the atavistic nature of Sa. The proximal loss pattern (PLdp) of the aortic arch with its associated Bvc + Baz was a primitive transitional link between the vascular arrangement of the Mesozoic reptilian and that of mammals or avians. According to this concept, there should be an occurrence of the PLdp variation (i.e. Sa) in all the mammals and avians and an occurrence of the 1-, 2- or 6-branch type of PLdp in human beings or in other animals. PMID- 7256250 TI - Effect of heterospecific DNA on the development of Rana nigromaculata. AB - Both the DNA of a balancer-bearing species (Cynops orientalis) and that of a non balancer-bearing species (Rana nigromaculata), when injected into the fertilized eggs of R. nigromaculata, cause some tadpoles derived from the injected eggs to bear a single balancer-like process on the left operculum. Based upon these results, it may be so concluded that the occurrence of the balancer-like process in the tadpole is neither due to genetic transformation, nor due to balancer induction, but rather due to a non-specific developmental effect of DNA. PMID- 7256251 TI - Acoustic signals and acoustic behaviour of Chinese river dolphin (Lipotes vexillifer). AB - Chinese river dolphin's (Lipotes vexillifer) underwater acoustic signals can be divided into two classes, short-duration signal (pulse train or single pulses) and long-duration signal (whistle). In this paper, time waveforms of these signals are presented and the characteristics of the signals are discussed. The experimental results on this dolphin's acoustic behaviour are given. A sinusoidal pulse with duration of about 300 ms is used as the calling signal. In a certain frequency range, as soon as a calling signal is transmitted the dolphin answers with 2 or 3 whistles. The frequency range of sensitive response is from 4 to 7 KHz, in which the answering rate reaches 100%. When the dolphin's acoustic signals recorded on the tape are transmitted into the water it swims directly toward the transducer. When noise and music are transmitted the dolphin does not respond at all. PMID- 7256252 TI - Induction of gastric adenocarcinoma in rats by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitroso guanidine and ultrastructural changes of epithelial cells of the pyloric gland region. AB - Rats of non-pure strain were allowed to drink N-Methyl-N-Nitro-N-Nitroso guanidine (MNNG) solution (200-250 micrograms per milliliter) ad libitum. After 14 months, in addition to MNNG, each of them was fed with 1 ml of saturated NaCl solution once a week. During a period of 18 months, there were 5 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and 2 cases of adenocarcinoma of the duodenum among 18 experimental rats. Besides, there were a few cases of papilloma of the fore stomach and carcinoma of the lung. In 17 control rats, no tumors of the gastro intestinal tract were seen. Microscopic examination of the mucosa of the pyloric gland region of the stomach in the experimental rats showed that the deep epithelial cells of the gastric pit exhibited a marked degree of proliferation and a malignant change had started in these cells. Electron microscopic observation of these epithelial cells revealed that the the proliferating cells showed only increased nucleocytoplasmic ratio, while those with atypical hyperplasia showed that the form of the nucleus and the changes in the basement membrane and intercellular junctions were somewhat similar to those of malignant cells. It is believed that increase in concentration of the carcinogens and prolongation of the time of contact with them may induce malignant tumors in the insensitive animal. PMID- 7256253 TI - Theory on prospect of population evolution processes. AB - This paper is aimed at investigating the dynamic process of population growth applied to population of the People's Republic of China. The discrete and continuous models of population evolution process are revised and adjusted to suit the social conditions of China. The relationship between two kinds of models is established. A series of new formulae of demographic indices are studied and defined as functions on the negative space of generalized solutions of the population equation. Based on survey data collected in China for recent years, the prospect of population growth according to different projections is offered for a one-hundred-year period from now on. PMID- 7256254 TI - The occurrence of post-denervation hypertrophy in chick slow muscle fibres after complete elimination of stretch and tension. AB - With the slow muscle fibres in the pure slow muscle ALD as well as in two mixed muscles, flexor metacarpi ulnaris and sartorius, it is demonstrated that the phenomenon of postdenervation hypertrophy still occurs under conditions preventing stretch of muscle after denervation or even in tenotomized muscles in shortened state relieved of tension. Striking differences between the slow fibres of the ALD and those of the mixed muscles are seen, both with respect to their histochemical property and to the degree of development of post-denervation hypertrophy. The slow fibres in the mixed muscles show the phenomenon of post denervation hypertrophy in a much more striking form than the ALD fibres and should be made more use of in further studies on the phenomenon. PMID- 7256255 TI - Dynamic pupillary response to positive differential of light stimulus. AB - Under low background illumination, the pupil responds only to an increase in light intensity by a transient constriction when the extent and rate of the increase exceed a certain values. We term this response the dynamic papillary response in order to differentiate it from the much more sluggish and much less pronounced response moiety that governs the static pupil size according to the level of light adaptation. The characteristics of the dynamic response are studied in some detail. This virtually unidirectional rate sensitivity of pupil to light renders it difficult to be subjected to frequency-response analysis even by small signal approximation. Analysis of the experimental results suggests that this transient response is a light-precipitated confluence of few consecutive hippus. PMID- 7256256 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of two biologically active peptides from porcine spinal cord. AB - Two biologically active peptides designated SCP-1 and SCP-2 have been isolated and partially characterized from porcine spinal cord. The results of amino acid analysis, electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and the chromatographic analysis of the dansylated derivatives indicate that these two peptides are homogeneous. The amino acid composition and apparent untriakontapeptide and SCP-2 is a pentacospeptide. The N-terminal amino acids of SCP-1 and SCP-2 are Arginine and Tryptophan respectively. SCP-1 can stimulate the contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum and SCP-2 induces hypotension in anesthetized rat. Both SCP-1 and SCP-2 show no morphine-like activity. The chemical composition and biological properties of SCP-1 and SCP-2 distinguish them from any known peptide. PMID- 7256257 TI - Radiation dosimetry. PMID- 7256259 TI - La Jolla biologist troubled by the Midas factor. PMID- 7256258 TI - Enhanced spinal cord regeneration in lamprey by applied electric fields. AB - After a weak, steady electric current of approximately 10 microamperes was imposed across the completely severed spinal cord of the larval lamprey Petromyzon marinus, enhanced regeneration was observed in the severed giant reticulospinal neurons. The current was applied with implanted wick electrodes for 5 to 6 days after transection (cathode distal to lesion). The spinal cords were examined 44 to 63 days after the operation by means of intracellular fluorescent dye injections and electrophysiology. Extracellular stimulation of whole cords showed that action potentials in most of the electrically treated preparations were conducted in both directions across the lesion, but they were not conducted in either direction in most of the sham-treated controls. In most of the electrically treated animals, processes from giant axons with swollen irregular tips, indicating active growth, were seen in or across the lesion. Only a few of the sham-treated controls showed these features. It is possible that these facilitated regenerative responses were mediated by the effects of the artificially applied electric fields on the natural steady current of injury entering the spinal lesion. PMID- 7256260 TI - A firing over formaldehyde. PMID- 7256261 TI - Do jumping genes make evolutionary leaps? PMID- 7256262 TI - Isolation of biological materials by use of erbium (III)--induced magnetic susceptibilities. PMID- 7256263 TI - Structural changes at the heme induced by freezing hemoglobin. AB - A dramatic change occurs in the vibrational properties of the iron-histidine bond, trans to the oxygen binding site, on freezing deoxyhemoglobin. The large, quaternary structure-dependent differences in the shape and frequency of the iron histidine mode observed in resonance Raman scattering measurements above freezing ae significantly diminished by the freezing event and the scattering intensity increases substantially. On further reduction in temperature to 10 K this broad line becomes narrow and shifts to a higher frequency. These data implicate dynamical processes and protein interaction with water as contributors to the quaternary structure dependence of the iron-histidine bond and thus reflect on the role of that bond in the energetics of cooperative ligand binding. PMID- 7256264 TI - The posterior pituitary: regulation of anterior pituitary prolactin secretion. AB - Removal of the posterior pituitary from anesthetized male rats results in a prompt and significant increase in circulating prolactin that is reversed by the injection of dopamine. Posterior pituitary extracts, which contain high concentrations of endogenous dopamine, inhibit prolactin secretion from isolated anterior pituitary cells. This inhibition is prevented by incubation of the cells with the dopamine receptor antagonist (+)-butaclamol. The data show that posterior pituitary dopamine reaches the anterior pituitary via the short hypophysial portal vessels and participates in the regulation of prolactin secretion. PMID- 7256265 TI - Centrilobular injury following hypoxia in isolated, perfused rat liver. AB - Hypoxia was produced in isolated, hemoglobin-free, perfused rat liver by reducing the flow rate of oxygen-carrying fluid entering the organ. The procedure caused anoxia in centrilobular regions. In these anoxic areas, structural derangements developed rapidly, characterized by bleb-like protrusions of hepatocyte plasma membrane through fenestrations in the sinusoidal endothelium. Periportal tissue remained normoxic and was completely spared. Cellular injury resulting from localized anoxia may play an important role in the pathogenesis of centrilobular liver disease. PMID- 7256267 TI - Collagen alpha B chain: increased proportion in human atherosclerosis. AB - In a study of human atherosclerotic plaques, the relative abundance of alpha chains in pepsin-solubilized collagens from 28 human aortas was estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The ratio of alpha B, a component of the alpha chain in type V collagen, to alpha 1(I) was markedly increased in the atherosclerotic plaques compared to the nonsclerotic intact media and adventitia. It is suggested that proliferating smooth muscle cells in the sclerotic lesion were transformed to synthesize a larger amount of collagen alpha B chain during the process of human atherogenesis. PMID- 7256266 TI - Intrinsic birefringence signal preceding the onset of contraction in heart muscle. AB - An intrinsic birefringence signal with two components occurring before sarcomere shortening was measured in mammalian cardiac muscle. The second component was sensitive to the inotropic state of the muscle as affected by external calcium concentration and epinephrine but not by changes of resting length. The second component was absent in frog heart. These results suggest that the second component of the birefringence signal reflects the activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum related to excitation-contraction coupling processes occurring prior to onset of contraction in mammalian cardiac muscle. PMID- 7256268 TI - Bulk solute extrusion as a mechanism conferring solute uptake specificity by pinocytosis in Amoeba proteus. AB - A variety of positively charged solutes induce pinocytosis in Amoeba proteus, ranging from metabolically useful material to solutes that may prove harmful, such as Alcian blue. Alcian blue is taken up by pinocytosis and then a fraction of the accumulated dye is expelled in bulk form through "extrusion channels." This response is not elicited by other solutes taken up by pinocytosis in the amoeba, implying that if any selectivity is associated with this process, it is by specific solute extrusion mechanisms in the cytoplasm. PMID- 7256269 TI - Circadian rhythms of blood minerals in humans. AB - Circadian rhythms of ionized calcium and phosphate concentrations have been demonstrated in human blood. A computer-derived model curve representing the 24 hour fluctuations in ionized calcium cannot be correlated consistently with curves for total calcium or phosphate. Knowledge of these circadian rhythms provides a physiological basis for further understanding the interactions between blood minerals and calcium-regulating hormones. PMID- 7256270 TI - Brain acetylcholine synthesis declines with senescence. AB - The synthesis of whole brain acetylcholine is reduced in two strains (C57BL and BALB/c) of senescent mice. The incorporation of [U-14C]glucose into acetylcholine decreased in both strains by 40 +/- 4 per cent in 10-month-old mice and by 58 +/- 9 percent in 30-month-old mice compared with mice 3 months old. The incorporation of [2H4]choline into acetylcholine declined 60 and 73 percent in 10- and 30-month old mice, respectively. Deficits in the cholinergic system may contribute to brain dysfunctions that complicate senescence. PMID- 7256271 TI - Short-term variations in diet composition change the pattern of spontaneous motor activity in rats. AB - The nocturnal activity patterns of rats changed significantly within 3 days after they were given unrestricted access to isocaloric diets in which the ratio of carbohydrate to protein was systematically varied. As the ratio increased, the rats were more continuously active. The subjects showed similar responses to variations in this ratio whether the diet contained 15 or 45 percent fat. No correlation was found between the number of calories an animal ate and its activity pattern. PMID- 7256272 TI - The development of human fetal eye movement patterns. AB - The eye can be visualized ultrasonically in more than 90 percent of fetuses 16 through 42 weeks of gestational age. Slow eye movements are present by 16 weeks. Rapid eye movements begin at 23 weeks and become more frequent between 24 and 35 weeks. Eye inactivity becomes more common after 36 weeks and is associated with sustained diaphragmatic excursions implying a "quiet sleep" state. Pathologic eye movements were seen in four fetuses with dysmorphic brain structure. PMID- 7256274 TI - Prospects for research libraries. PMID- 7256273 TI - Phenomenological space-time: toward an experiential relativity. AB - Subjects observing differently scaled environments undergo systematic shifts in the experience of time. The experience of temporal duration is compressed relative to the clock in the same proportion as scale-model environments being observed are compressed relative to the full-sized environment. This research suggests that spatial scale may be a principal mediator in the experience of time. PMID- 7256275 TI - Rational approaches to chemotherapy: antisickling agents. PMID- 7256276 TI - Investigators focus on intracellular pH. PMID- 7256277 TI - Elastic arteries in invertebrates: mechanics of the octopus aorta. AB - The aorta of the octopus, Octopus dofleini, is a highly distensible, elastic tube. The circumferential elastic modulus increases with inflation in the physiological range from abut 10(4) to 10(5) newtons per square meter. Rubber like fibers have been isolated, apparently for the first time, from the aorta of an invertebrate. These fibers have an elastic modulus, like elastin, of about 4 x 10(5) newtons per square meter and are present in sufficient quantity to account for the elastic properties of the intact vessel under physiological conditions. Thus the circulatory system of an invertebrate animal provides an "elastic reservoir" (much like that of the vertebrate system), which increases the efficiency of the circulation. PMID- 7256279 TI - Novel single-pass exchange of circulating uridine in rat liver. AB - Evidence is presented that the liver effects an essentially complete degradation of plasma uridine in a single pass and replaces it largely from hepatic pools of acid-soluble uridine nucleotides. The concentration of uridine in the hepatic vein of the rat was essentially the same as that in the arterial circulation and portal vein. However, the isolated perfused rat liver degraded more than 90 percent of infused [5-3H]uridine in a single passage. Similar results were found in vivo when tracer amounts of [3H]uridine and [14C]uridine were infused into the portal vein of an intact rat. Furthermore, less than 2 percent of the infused uridine entered the acid-soluble nucleotide pools of the liver after 30 minutes of infusion. Intraperitoneal injection of [3H]orotate allowed selective labeling of liver (and kidney) pyrimidines. After 3 hours, the specific activity of uridine in the hepatic vein was more than three times that in the arterial circulation. This unusual exchange, which is not saturated even at uridine concentrations as high as 50 microM, contributes to the rapid turnover of plasma uridine and explains its inefficient utilization in peripheral tissues. PMID- 7256278 TI - Radioactivity measurements of former military personnel exposed to weapon debris. AB - Sixteen former military personnel who were present at the "Smoky" atmospheric nuclear weapon test have been investigated for internal deposits of radioactivity. Whole-body and thorax gamma-ray measurements, thorax and skeletal actinide measurements, and urinalyses for plutonium-239 and strontium-90 indicated no evidence of radioactivity in excess of that found in the general population. PMID- 7256280 TI - Intracellular recordings from thermosensitive preoptic neurons. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from locally thermosensitive preoptic neurons in the green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus. Stable resting potentials, action potentials, and spontaneous synaptic activity were observed over approximately 4 degrees to 5 degrees C changes in local brain temperature. A small percentage of the warm-sensitive neurons showed exponential firing-rate responses to temperature. These cells discharged rhythmically, lacked visible synaptic input, and showed slowly depolarizing potentials leading to action potentials. Other linear and nonlinear warm-sensitive and cold-sensitive neurons showed spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials giving rise to action potentials. Cells that appear to be endogenously active may be true thermodetectors, and other thermosensitive neuronal activity may be synaptically mediated. PMID- 7256281 TI - Integration of visual and infrared information in bimodal neurons in the rattlesnake optic tectum. AB - Bimodal neurons in the rattlesnake tectum, which receive sensory input from the retina and from the infrared-sensing pit organ, exhibit novel, highly nonlinear cross-modality interactions. Some units respond only to simultaneous bimodal stimulation. Others respond to only one of the two modalities, but show greatly enhanced or depressed responses when stimulated simultaneously in the second modality. These cross-modality interactions may play an important role in recognizing and orienting toward biologically important objects. PMID- 7256282 TI - Magnetic material in the head of the common Pacific dolphin. PMID- 7256284 TI - Natural toxicants in human foods: psoralens in raw and cooked parsnip root. AB - Parsnip root contains three photoactive, mutagenic, and photocarcinogenic psoralens in a total concentration of about 40 parts per million. These chemicals are not destroyed by normal cooking procedures (boiling or microwave); thus humans are exposed to appreciable levels of psoralens through the consumption of parsnip and possibly other psoralen-containing foodstuffs. The toxicologic consequences to man of such exposure may be speculated on the basis of medicinal and laboratory studies, but epidemiologic data are not available. PMID- 7256283 TI - Range of radiochemical damage to DNA with decay of iodine-125. AB - Studies of the length of DNA fragments produced upon decay of iodine-125-labeled deoxycytidine that was located at a single position within a DNA fragment of defined sequence demonstrate that most radiochemical damage occurs within 15 to 20 angstroms of the site of iodine-125 decay. However, DNA strand breakage was detectable up to 70 angstroms from the site of iodine-125 decay. PMID- 7256285 TI - Cerebroventricular propranolol elevates cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine and lowers blood pressure. AB - Ventriculocisternal administration of dl- and d-propranolol produced dose dependent increases in cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine and reductions in blood pressure. A highly significant correlation was found between the increase in norepinephrine and the hypotensive effect. The propranolol-induced hypotension was prevented by intracisternal phentolamine. These data indicate that the hypotensive effect of centrally administered propranolol results from a drug induced release of norepinephrine, which stimulates central alpha receptors to lower arterial pressure. PMID- 7256287 TI - Electrical potentials in human brain during cognition: new method reveals dynamic patterns of correlation. AB - A new technique has been developed for identifying, in humans, dynamic spatiotemporal electrical patterns of the brain during purposive behaviors. In this method, single-trial time-series correlations between brain macropotentials recorded from different scalp sites are analyzed by distribution-independent mathematical pattern recognition. Dynamic patterns of correlation clearly distinguished two brief visuomotor tasks differing only in type of mental judgement required (spatial or numeric). These complex patterns shifted in the anterior-posterior and left-right axes between successive 175-millisecond intervals, indicating that many areas in both cerebral hemispheres were involved even in these simple judgements. These patterns were not obtainable by conventional analysis of averaged evoked potentials or by linear analysis of correlations, suggesting that the new technique will advance the study of human brain activity related to cognition and goal-directed behaviors. PMID- 7256288 TI - DDT-induced feminization of gull embryos. AB - Injection of DDT [1, 1, 1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] into gull eggs at concentrations comparable to those found in contaminated seabird eggs in 1970 induces abnormal development of ovarian tissue and oviducts in male embryos. Developmental feminization of males is associated with inability to breed as adults and may explain the highly skewed sex ratio and reduced number of male gulls breeding on Santa Barbara Island in southern California. PMID- 7256286 TI - Single neostriatal efferent axons in the globus pallidus: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - Intracellularly labeled rat neostriatal projection neurons were analyzed with both light and electron microscopy. The axons of medium spiny neurons were traced into the globus pallidus and were found to make synaptic contacts with pallidal dendrites. Despite the common somato-dendritic morphology of the neostriatal projection neurons, two different distribution patterns of efferent axons were observed, indicating the presence of functionally different medium spiny neurons in the neostriatum. PMID- 7256290 TI - Seminars in oncology. Soft tissue sarcomas. PMID- 7256289 TI - Structural correlates of seizure behavior in the mongolian gerbil. AB - Hippocampi of seizure-sensitive and seizure-resistant Mongolian gerbils were examined in search of structural correlates of seizure behavior. In animals with well-established seizure histories, differences were found in both presynaptic and postsynaptic structures. Seizing animals had less dense dendritic spines, a greater proportion of mossy tuft area devoted to presynaptic vesicles, and a smaller proportion devoted to spines. The possible relationship of these findings to epilepsy is discussed. PMID- 7256292 TI - Management of soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity. PMID- 7256291 TI - Diagnostic technique for the evaluation of the soft tissue sarcoma. PMID- 7256293 TI - Primary sarcoma of the retroperitoneum. PMID- 7256294 TI - Perspectives on the role of surgery and radiation therapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. PMID- 7256295 TI - Radiation therapy for soft tissue sarcoma. AB - Soft tissue sarcomas can be adequately treated with wide local excision and postoperative irradiation, rather than the amputation of the affected extremity. Local control and good function can be achieved in the great majority of patients treated with radiation therapy, with particularly good results (95% local control) obtained for lesions of the distal extremity i.e., below the elbow or knee. The most common site of failure is distant metastasis, and the outstanding prognostic indicator is histologic grade. Disease-free survival correlates strongly with grade, with 85%, 51%, and 17% 2-yr disease-free survival for grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Lymph node metastasis is an uncommon first site of failure, and prophylactic nodal irradiation or lymphadenectomy is not recommended. The value of chemotherapy or immunotherapy is not firmly established as far as enhancing local control. It is hoped that distant metastasis can be prevented by the use of such adjuvant therapy. Locally advanced, nonresectable sarcoma may be better treated with high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, and promising results have been reported with fast neutron treatment. PMID- 7256298 TI - Disorders of esophageal motility. PMID- 7256296 TI - Resection of the hemipelvis for malignant disease: an alternative to hindquarter amputation for periacetabular chondrosarcoma of the pelvis. PMID- 7256297 TI - Sarcoma: etiology and advances in therapy with immunotherapy, limb salvage surgery, and hyperthermia. PMID- 7256299 TI - Case of the summer season. PMID- 7256300 TI - Anatomy and technique in evaluating the esophagus. PMID- 7256301 TI - Intrinsic diseases of the adult esophagus: benign and malignant tumors. PMID- 7256302 TI - Diffuse diseases of the esophagus: a practical approach. PMID- 7256303 TI - Pathophysiology of the esophagus. PMID- 7256304 TI - Aspects of atypical degenerative lesions of vertebrae. AB - Over the last 20 years, several authors have reported aspects of degenerative disease of the vertebral column with irregularity and sclerosis of the margins of the vertebral bodies [2, 4, 7-9, 13, 15, 17]. Twenty cases of such atypical degenerative vertebral lesions have been studied over a two year period and their radiological characteristics have been compared with vertebral lesions of infective origin and in the rheumatoid disorders. PMID- 7256306 TI - Case report 140. Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVS) right hip. PMID- 7256307 TI - Case report 144. Primary hemangiopericytoma of the right radius. PMID- 7256305 TI - Correlative roentgenography and morphology of the longitudinal epiphyseal bracket. AB - Detailed examination of a complete chondro-osseous specimen from a patient with duplication of the first ray of the foot revealed the involved metatarsal had a trapezoid-shaped, diaphyseal-metaphyseal osseous unit that was longitudinally bracketed along the lateral side by a functioning physis, epiphysis, and secondary (epiphyseal) ossification center. The physis extended as an arc from the medial proximal side toward and along the lateral side and then back to the medial side distally. The medial side of the diaphysis had a normal periosteum. The longitudinal epiphyseal ossification bracket was a composite of initially separate proximal and distal secondary ossification centers that had progressively extended toward each other and finally coalesced along the laterally placed epiphyseal cartilage. We have termed this deformity the "longitudinal epiphyseal bracket" (LEB). The macroscopic and microscopic anatomy relevant to initial diagnosis and evaluation of sequential roentgenographic changes will be considered. PMID- 7256308 TI - Case report 145. Bilateral, almost symmetrical skeletal metastases (both femora) from bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7256310 TI - Case report 147. Leiomyoma of the periosteum of the tibia. PMID- 7256309 TI - Case report 146. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in chronic, draining sinus tract secondary to osteomyelitis of right tibia. PMID- 7256312 TI - The use of medical services under prepaid and fee-for-service group practice. PMID- 7256311 TI - Mixed-sclerosing-bone-dystrophy: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - We present clinical, laboratory, radiologic, genetic, and pathologic findings in a 49-year-old man with mixed-sclerosing-bone-dystrophy (MSBD), review the six cases previously reported as "MSBD", and examine the nosology of this rare bone dysplasia. Our asymptomatic patient showed radiographic changes consistent with osteopoikilosis, osteopathia striata, and melorheostosis and had widespread osteosclerosis of the axial skeleton. Several previous reports of combined osteosclerotic disorders suggest the latter finding represents osteopetrosis, however, histologic examination of our patient's iliac crest excluded that diagnosis. Limited radiographic surveys of his eight children were unremarkable except for isolated bone islands in two sons. Literature review revealed that "MSBD" has actually been used generically to describe the association of a variety of osteosclerotic bone dysplasias when they occur together in a single patient. PMID- 7256313 TI - Theoretical and practice equity in the National Health Service in England. PMID- 7256314 TI - An approach to measuring and valuing health states. PMID- 7256315 TI - Threats to health or safety: perceived risk and willingness-to-pay. PMID- 7256316 TI - Competition in a structurally changing pharmaceutical market: some health economic considerations. PMID- 7256317 TI - Production functions for general hospitals. PMID- 7256319 TI - Influence of wartime stress and psychosocial factors in Lebanon on analgesic requirements for postoperative pain. PMID- 7256318 TI - The quantity and quality of hospital labor. PMID- 7256320 TI - Paths to psychotherapy in the middle years: a longitudinal study. PMID- 7256321 TI - Physician-patient psychosocial characteristics influencing medical decision making. PMID- 7256322 TI - "The delectable mountains". PMID- 7256323 TI - Correlation of ultrasonic gallbladder studies with operative findings. AB - In a retrospective study to correlate preoperative ultrasonic findings with operative findings in 80 patients with symptoms of biliary tract disease, ultrasound was 75% accurate in predicting the presence or absence of gallstones. Of all positive ultrasonic studies, 95% correlated with gallbladder disease of some kind. The diseased gallbladder without stones may still produce ultrasonic abnormalities, allowing detection of inflammatory changes. Ultrasound is indicated in acute conditions of the abdomen, in patients with jaundice or allergy to contrast agents, and as an adjunct to other diagnostic modalities. PMID- 7256324 TI - Use of blood products during elective cholecystectomy. AB - To determine the value of preoperative blood typing and crossmatching, we reviewed the transfusion needs of 100 consecutive patients who had elective cholecystectomy in a city-county teaching hospital. One hundred forty-eight units of blood were typed and crossmatched for 76 patients (1.48 units/patient). Blood was typed and screened for seven patients. Six units were transfused into four patients (two patients postoperatively). None required intraoperative transfusion for hemorrhage or shock. Total blood use was 4%, with a mean of 0.06 units per patient. Substituting the type and screen for a type and crossmatch would have saved approximately $2,108 and 16.6 technician hours in this group and, if applied nationally, $9 million and 72,000 technician hours each year. In addition to sizeable savings, more efficient blood use would result from use of the type and screen in elective cholecystectomy, with no increase in patient risk. PMID- 7256325 TI - Various intraperitoneal irrigation solutions in treating experimental fecal peritonitis. AB - To study the efficacy of several commonly used peritoneal lavage solutions in the treatment of experimental fecal peritonitis, lethal peritonitis was created in 100 rats by placing a gelatin capsule containing 0.1 ml of human stool and barium sulfate within the abdominal cavity. At reoperation up to eight hours after implantation, the rats had initial lavage with 30 ml/kg of sterile normal saline, followed by 15 ml/kg of one of four treatment regimens, all colored alike. These were 10% povidone-iodine (PVP-I), 1% PVP-I, 0.1% kanamycin, and sterile normal saline. A fifth group did not receive a second lavage. All survivors were sacrificed on the ninth day, at which time the study was unblinded. Twelve hours postoperatively there was a significantly greater mortality in the group irrigated with 10% PVP-I (83%) compared to all other groups (0-6%). At nine days, only the kanamycin group had survivors (29%); this was significantly better than any other group. PMID- 7256326 TI - Carotid phonoangiography and oculoplethysmography for noninvasive evaluation of carotid occlusive disease. PMID- 7256327 TI - Improved operative risk after myocardial revascularization. AB - At Ochsner Medical Institutions from 1970 to 1979, 96 patients who had previously had myocardial revascularization later had a total of 136 noncardiac operations. There were no postoperative myocardial infarctions and only one noncardiac death. Transitory postoperative arrhythmias occurred in 3.6% of patients. It appears that myocardial revascularization protects the cardiac patient from myocardial infarction and cardiac-related deaths during and after noncardiac operations. Patients with cardiac disease scheduled for elective surgery should have exercise testing or coronary cineangiography or both to evaluate the severity and significance of the coronary disease. If significant coronary lesions are demonstrated that are amenable to a bypass procedure, the operative risk will be lessened by prior revascularization. PMID- 7256328 TI - Associated anomalies of mullerian and wolffian duct structures. AB - Over a ten-year period, we identified 457 patients with renal or uterine anomalies. Only 12 of 55 patients with anomalies of mullerian development had an intravenous pyelogram, which revealed an associated renal anomaly in five. Conversely, only two of 21 women with renal anomalies had a gynecologic evaluation; one of them had a bicornuate uterus. Although the association between anomalies of mullerian and wolffian development has been known for some time, the appropriate studies to demonstrate such an association are not routinely done in clinical practice. All female patients with congenital renal anomalies of size, position, or number should have either ultrasonography (in children) or hysterosalpingography (in adults). All patients with congenital uterine or vaginal anomalies should have an intravenous pyelogram. PMID- 7256329 TI - Chlamydial genital infections: manifestations and management. AB - Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is an important cause of nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis, and may be the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Associated complications include epididymitis, proctitis, salpingitis, bartholinitis, arthritis, perihepatitis, and endocarditis. Perinatal transmission of infection may result in neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis and/or pneumonia of infancy. Chlamydial genital infection should be suspected in a patient (male or female) who presents with a gonorrhea-like syndrome but whose laboratory studies fail to demonstrate Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Such patients, together with their sex partners, should receive antichlamydial therapy; the uncomplicated genital infections respond well to oral treatment with tetracycline, erythromycin, and sulfonamide. The most important cause of treatment failure in nongonococcal urethritis is lack of simultaneous treatment of both patient and partner. PMID- 7256330 TI - Roentgenographic manifestations of bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 7256331 TI - Suntan salons and the American skin. AB - Suntan salon franchises burst upon the economic scene in the United States in 1978 and proliferated rapidly. At present it is estimated that between 1,000 and 2,000 salons are active in the country. Of the two types in use, the more common uses a fluorescent UVB source which emits primarily the highly injurious sunburn rays between 290 and 320 nm. These are the rays that not only are responsible for the acute cellular injury and erythema called "sunburn," but at least under experimental conditions are the most carcinogenic. The UVA units are found primarily in Europe. The hazards of their rays have not been clarified as yet, but they are known to be responsible for the vast majority of exogenously photosensitized reactions that occur in the skin, they do augment the acute injury produced by the UVB rays, they cause dermal blood vessel damage, and they can produce lenticular injury. In conclusion, tanning for cosmetic purposes is not innocuous. PMID- 7256333 TI - Rules and guidelines for house staff involved in general medical rounds with attending physicians whose own training predated the present era of educational consumerism. PMID- 7256332 TI - Radiologic spectrum of polypoid lesions in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. AB - Various types of polypoid lesions are found in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. True adenomatous polyps are rare. In addition to the sessile or pedunculated "pseudopolyps" of inflammatory bowel disease, the lesions may also assume a filiform shape or reach a giant size. These polypoid lesions are inflammatory in nature and therefore have no malignant potential. Awareness of the benign nature of these lesions is important in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Unnecessary surgery may be prevented by endoscopic biopsy for confirmation of their inflammatory nature. Representative cases illustrate the ability of the double contrast technic to clearly depict these polypoid lesions. PMID- 7256334 TI - Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis: diagnostic value of electron microscopy. PMID- 7256335 TI - Acute biliary tract disease associated with echovirus 11 infection. AB - A patient hospitalized with the clinical diagnosis of acute cholecystitis had a normal cholangiogram and recovered without medical or surgical intervention. During the same week, two adults in an acquainted family had a similar syndrome at home. Echovirus 11 was cultured from the stool of all three patients, as well as from four other members of the same two families who had concurrent diarrheal illness. Serologic evidence confirmed acute echovirus 11 infection in the hospitalized patient. In the absence of evidence of a communitywide epidemic of cholecystitis, the coexistence of viral infection with biliary tract symptoms could represent an ongoing endemic situation. Recognition of this syndrome could make it possible to avoid unnecessary major surgical procedures. PMID- 7256336 TI - Clear cell renal carcinoma masquerading as a thyroid nodule. PMID- 7256337 TI - Blastomycosis of the larynx. PMID- 7256338 TI - Delayed form of Wegener's granulomatosis. AB - We have described a patient in whom renal manifestations preceded the pulmonary findings of Wegener's granulomatosis by two years. He presented with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis requiring chronic hemodialysis despite treatment with prednisone and azathioprine. Wegener's granulomatosis was diagnosed only after other signs of the generalized form of the disease had become manifest. Review of the literature revealed four similar cases. In patients with similar clinical presentations, serious consideration should be given to this delayed form of the syndrome. A course of cytotoxic therapy should be tried while the patient is followed up for further manifestations of generalized Wegener's granulomatosis. PMID- 7256339 TI - Primary pulmonary hypoplasia. PMID- 7256340 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. PMID- 7256341 TI - Carcinoma of the breast with stromal epulis-like giant cells. PMID- 7256342 TI - Spontaneous perforation of the common hepatic duct in association with acalculous cholecystitis. PMID- 7256343 TI - Intrahepatic cholestasis due to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 7256344 TI - Tracheotomy in upper airway obstruction. PMID- 7256346 TI - Reduction of laboratory usage in a teaching hospital. PMID- 7256347 TI - Antibiotic-associated colitis. PMID- 7256345 TI - Nosocomial Aeromonas hydrophila cellulitis and bacteremia in a nonimmunocompromised patient. AB - An elderly man, without heat in his home for two days, presented with cold, painful, swollen feet. Second-degree frostbite was present. After having moist packs applied to his feet for five days, the patient became febrile and hypotensive, and wet gangrene necessitated left below-knee and right above-knee amputations. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from the patient's blood and cultures of the pedal wounds. An etiologic role of the moist pack therapy is postulated. PMID- 7256348 TI - Pulmonary paragonimiasis with expectoration of worms: a case report. AB - A 40-year old Thai farmer with pulmonary paragonimiasis was treated with Praziquantel 25 mg/kg body weight, three times after meals for one day. On follow up treatment during hospitalization he coughed up 7 adult lung flukes. The worms were identified as Paragonimus heterotremus. This is probably the first case report to demonstrate adult mature Paragonimus coughed up from man. PMID- 7256350 TI - Blood volume ingested by Anopheles dirus using membrane feeding. PMID- 7256349 TI - Intestinal parasites of man in Oriental Mindoro, Philippines, with emphasis on schistosomiasis. AB - An intestinal parasite survey was conducted in the town of Victoria, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines in 1978 in order to estimate the current schistosomiasis situation in this area of the Philippines and Schistosoma japonicum eggs were detected in 20% of 1058 fecal specimens examined. The prevalence was more than twice as high as had been previously estimated. Infection rates were higher in males than in females, 26 versus 15% and age-wise were infrequent in young children (8%) and moderately common in other age groups (20-32%). Other intestinal helminths and protozoan parasites of man in Oriental Mindoro were: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis, Capillaria sp, taenid tapeworm, echinostome, dicrocoelid and opisthorchiid trematode, Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia, Iodamoeba butschlii, Trichomonas hominis and Chilomastix mesnili. PMID- 7256351 TI - A brief survey of domiciliary cockroaches in Chantaburi Province, Thailand. PMID- 7256352 TI - Serum proteins in Giardia lamblia infection. PMID- 7256353 TI - Paragonimiasis: endemic foci along the Riparian areas of Mekong River. PMID- 7256354 TI - Intestinal parasites of man in Bukidnon, Philippines, with emphasis on schistosomiasis. AB - A total of 831 fecal specimens from Malay-balay, Mindanao, Philippines were examined for schistosomiasis and common intestinal parasites. Schistosoma japonicum eggs were found in 16% of the samples. Infections were more common in males (20%) than in females (12%). Age-wise, infections were infrequently diagnosed in children less than 10 years and infections in older age groups varied from 12-27%. Hookworm, chiefly Necator americanus, was the most common parasite found (44%) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (32%) Trichuris trichiura was found in only 12%. Enterobius vermicularis and eggs of Taenia sp., echinostome, heterophyid and dicrocoelid trematodes were identified in less than 1% of the samples. Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba hartmanni, Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia, Iodamoeba butschlii, Trichomonas hominis and Chilomastix mesnili were also found to parasitize man in this region of Mindanao. PMID- 7256355 TI - Investigation of the anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of the antimalarial agent, amodiaquine, and related compounds. AB - The antimalarial agent, amodiaquine, is a potent inhibitor of AChE (Ki = 1.50 x 10(-9) M, pH 7.4, 25 degrees C). Both the protonated diethylamino and phenolic hydroxyl functions of amodiaquine are necessary for interaction with AChE. This suggests that the inhibition of AChE by amodiaquine may involve binding of the protonated diethylamino and phenolic hydroxyl functions to the anionic and esteric sites of the enzyme respectively. The anti-AChE property of amodiaquine may be related in some way to the gastrointestinal and central nervous system disturbances frequently encountered when large doses of amodiaquine are used for the treatment of malaria. PMID- 7256356 TI - Study on pathogenicity and central nervous system migration of the larval stage of Gnathostoma spinigerum in experimental animals. AB - Studies were conducted on the pathogenicity and the route of migration to the central nervous system by the immature larval stage of G.spinigerum in experimental animals. Five mice and one rat showed signs of nervous tissue damage and CNS involvement. The significant findings were massive haemorrhagic areas and blood clot around large lower nerve trunk and spinal cord invasion by the worm. The possible roles of the immature larval stages of G.spinigerum in human was discussed. PMID- 7256357 TI - Genetic response of Aedes aegypti to different environmental temperatures. AB - Three groups of Aedes aegypti maintained 8 generations in the laboratory at 20 degrees C, 27 +/- 1 degree C (normal control), and at 35 degrees C, respectively were analyzed for allozyme variability. Of the 8 larval loci examined Est alpha-1 and Lap-2 in generation 8 were still variable, while the other allozymes became uniform. The 35 degrees C population had mean level of heterozygosity of about 6% of individual per locus, less than those observed in the 20 degrees C and the control populations which were 14% and 13%, respectively. It is suggested that in the experimental populations, the rate of loss of alleles can be increased by high temperature which must not be higher than the optimum temperature of enzymes. PMID- 7256358 TI - Some aspects on biting cycles of Culex quinquefasciatus in Bangkok. AB - The indoor and outdoor biting cycles of Culex quinquefasciatus were studied in Bangkok. The biting cycle was nocturnally periodic and preferably endophilic in character. There were two minor peaks on top of the nocturnally periodic peak. The first peak was between 2200 and 2300 hours, the latter peak was after midnight being at 0100 and 0400 hours. Parous mosquitoes formed 0%-20.0% of hourly total population. More parous mosquitoes were collected indoor and also during in the latter half of the night. Comparisons made between Bangkok, the none endemic area for Wuchereria bancrofti and Sri Lanka the endemic area, revealed that Bangkok has a lower survival rate of Culex quinquefasciatus, based on parous rates and that the older mosquitoes, which are potentially infective vectors were collected late in the night. This evidence could explain why Bangkok is not endemic area for periodic Wuchereria bancrofti. PMID- 7256359 TI - DDT-resistant Culex quinquefasciatus: the effect of DDT on the mosquito's size, fecundity and survival. AB - Resistant strains of Culex quinquefasciatus were selected in the larval stage by exposure to sublethal doses of DDT. The size, body weight and fecundity of DDT resistant mosquitoes were significantly decreased. There was no significant difference between the longevity of females in the original strain and the DDT selected strains, however, there was a significant difference in the males of the DDT-resistant strains than those of the original strain. PMID- 7256360 TI - Dengue hemorrhagic fever accompanied by encephalopathy in Jakarta. AB - Forty one cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever, confirmed by viral isolation, accompanied by neurological signs compatible to the diagnosis of acute encephalopathy were observed in 3 University Hospitals in Jakarta during the period November 1975 to December 1977. Two of these children showed typical signs and symptoms of Reye's syndrome confirmed by liver biopsy. PMID- 7256361 TI - Hypoxaemia and the effect of aspirin in thalassaemia. AB - Blood gas analysis of arterial blood was performed in 34 patients with beta o thalassaemia/haemoglobin E disease and homozygous beta o-thalassaemia. Among the 22 splenectomised patients 19 had PaO2 lower than the normal expected value, and 18 of these had PaO2 lower than 80 mmHg. Of the 12 non-splenectomised patients 5 had PaO2 lower than the expected normal value but only in one case it was lower than 80 mmHg. After aspirin or Persantin administration there was a definite rise in the PaO2 in 10 out of 12 patients. The hypoxaemia is believed to occur from increased platelet aggregation leading to pulmonary artery occlusion. The rise of the arterial PaO2 after aspirin administration indicates that the observed hypoxaemia is due to reversible platelet aggregation in the majority of cases. PMID- 7256362 TI - Serum and red cell cholinesterase activity in people exposed to organophosphate insecticides. AB - Serum and red cell cholinesterase activities were determined in 2 groups of subjects namely:-I) a group of 10 patients who took organophosphate insecticide and were admitted into the hospital for treatment and II) a group of 65 workers from an organophosphate insecticide factory. Serum cholinesterase levels were considerably depressed in all patients in group I and one patient died. The low serum cholinesterase activities increased very slowly and were still very low on day 4 of admission. Serum cholinesterase level in 65 workers were significantly lower than that of the normal subjects. The exposed subjects had still further lower serum cholinesterase activity than those of the non-exposed subjects. There was no significant difference between their red cell cholinesterase activities and those of the normal subjects. Serum and red cell cholinesterase levels in these workers also showed no correlation to the duration of insecticide exposure. These findings indicated that serum cholinesterase activity was a good diagnostic aid in acute exposure because it responded more rapidly than red cell cholinesterase level but it was not sensitive for follow up of the treatment since its recovery rate was too slow. Findings of low serum cholinesterase with normal red cell cholinesterase levels without signs or symptoms of toxicity indicated that these workers had been exposed to some degree of organophosphate insecticides. PMID- 7256363 TI - [Problems in studying the health of worker collectives in modern industrial enterprises]. PMID- 7256364 TI - [Construction of a network of therapeutic and prophylactic institutions in modern city planning and building]. PMID- 7256365 TI - [Current problems of constructing a network of pediatric therapeutic and prophylactic institutions]. PMID- 7256368 TI - [Experience with the organizational and methodological supervision of a scientific medical information service in a province]. PMID- 7256367 TI - [Ways of improving medical care for the rural population]. PMID- 7256366 TI - [Systems approach problems in public health management]. PMID- 7256369 TI - [Public health of Afghanistan at a new stage through the April revolution]. PMID- 7256370 TI - [Organization of medical history research in the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 7256371 TI - [Criteria for a healthy mode of life and the prerequisites for its creation]. PMID- 7256372 TI - [Some questions of physician's deontology]. PMID- 7256373 TI - [Medical secrets]. PMID- 7256374 TI - [Case variants of lingering septic endocarditis]. PMID- 7256375 TI - [Successful thrombectomy in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7256376 TI - [Lipoma of the stomach]. PMID- 7256377 TI - [Cholelithiasis]. PMID- 7256378 TI - [Changes in hemodynamics and external respiration in chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 7256379 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of closed injuries of the kidneys]. PMID- 7256380 TI - [Thrombosis of the cerebral sinuses and veins associated with pregnancy, birth and puerperium]. PMID- 7256381 TI - [Levels of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in the serum of patients with inflammatory or neoplastic lung diseases]. PMID- 7256382 TI - [Serum mucoproteins in patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7256383 TI - [Changes in hydroxyprolinuria in patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7256385 TI - [Iatrogenic disease]. PMID- 7256384 TI - [Use of antistaphylococcal plasma in burned patients]. PMID- 7256386 TI - [Chronobiological evaluation of the patient's status and prognosis in nervous system diseases]. PMID- 7256387 TI - [Intracutaneous allergic test in the diagnosis of atypical and mild forms of the Far Eastern Scarletinoid-fever]. PMID- 7256388 TI - [Catecholamine excretion in various forms and at various stages of deforming myodystonia]. PMID- 7256390 TI - [Gastric cysts]. PMID- 7256389 TI - [Immunological and biochemical indices in children with bronchial asthma in barochambers]. PMID- 7256391 TI - [Croupous pneumonia]. PMID- 7256392 TI - [Pathogenesis of hypoglycemia]. PMID- 7256393 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical methods in primary multiple colonic neoplasms]. PMID- 7256394 TI - [Surgical treatment of large postoperative hernias of the anterior abdominal wall]. PMID- 7256395 TI - [Roentgenological examinations in the diagnosis of soft tissue neoplasms of the wrist]. PMID- 7256396 TI - [Current methods in the treatment of burns of the wrist]. PMID- 7256397 TI - [Tietze's syndrome in athletes]. PMID- 7256399 TI - [Social and work rehabilitation of patients with stroke]. PMID- 7256398 TI - [Advantages of centralized functional diagnostic services at the regional clinical hospital]. PMID- 7256400 TI - [Occurrence of the hepatitis B surface antigen and its subtypes in acute viral hepatitis among the population of the Mongolian People's Republic]. PMID- 7256401 TI - [Smoking among medical students]. PMID- 7256402 TI - [Smokers and smoking]. PMID- 7256403 TI - [Development of medical deontology]. PMID- 7256404 TI - [Some questions of medical deontology]. PMID- 7256405 TI - No need for dichotomy. PMID- 7256406 TI - Teacher training and Warnock. PMID- 7256407 TI - Special education in Parliament. PMID- 7256408 TI - Special education in initial training. PMID- 7256409 TI - Distance teaching draws closer. PMID- 7256410 TI - A minicourse in structured teaching. PMID- 7256411 TI - Special education in Poland. PMID- 7256413 TI - In-service courses for all. PMID- 7256412 TI - Introducing the EDY project. PMID- 7256415 TI - A guide to short in-service courses. PMID- 7256416 TI - Training for the 21st century. PMID- 7256414 TI - How do we evaluate the trainers? PMID- 7256417 TI - [Obesity and diastolic arterial pressure]. PMID- 7256418 TI - [Examination of health services in Mexico]. PMID- 7256419 TI - [Research on the use of toxic substance, 5th sample]. PMID- 7256420 TI - [The need for an informations center on drugs]. PMID- 7256421 TI - [Patterns of blood pressure in the rural of Jalisco. I]. PMID- 7256422 TI - [Neurologic epidemiology in Mexico. A complete study]. PMID- 7256423 TI - [Prevalence of nosocomial infections and use of antibiotics]. PMID- 7256425 TI - [Vaginal chemophylaxis in gonorrhea reinfection]. PMID- 7256427 TI - [Allergies caused by insects]. PMID- 7256424 TI - [Traditional vaccines (review of vaccination schedules)]. PMID- 7256428 TI - [Smoking addiction]. PMID- 7256426 TI - [Severe complications of gastroenteritis. A public health problem]. PMID- 7256429 TI - [Age and arterial diastolic pressure]. PMID- 7256430 TI - [Acute recurrent tonsillitis with persistently elevated antistreptolysin titers and acute recurrent tonsillitis with generally normal antistreptolysin. Comparative study. Part I]. PMID- 7256432 TI - [Day nurseries: revolutionary, sociocultural and health-promoting institutions]. PMID- 7256431 TI - [Evaluation of child health programs in Mexico]. PMID- 7256434 TI - [New technical developments in roentgenologic and ultrasonic breast examination]. PMID- 7256433 TI - [Evaluation of an instructional unit]. PMID- 7256435 TI - [Enlarging the masking technic using digital picture processing]. PMID- 7256436 TI - [A stereo-anode roentgen tube with a microfocus]. PMID- 7256437 TI - [Uncommon clinical course in invagination]. PMID- 7256438 TI - [Septic states in children with acute suppurative peritonitis]. PMID- 7256439 TI - [Our experience with rapid preparation of the large intestine for surgery]. PMID- 7256440 TI - Surgical management in subarachnoid haemorrhage with multiple aneurysms. AB - Direct surgical attack on a ruptured intracranial aneurysm is a generally accepted form of treatment, but because of incomplete knowledge of the natural history, controversy still exists on whether to treat the unruptured aneurysm similarly. In a series of 38 patients with 79 aneurysms, 59 operations were performed. On discharge 93% of the patients could be regarded as in an excellent or good state; 7% died. It is suggested that all aneurysms should be treated surgically but that more than one aneurysm should not be treated at the same operation ig extensive dissection is required to deal with the second one. PMID- 7256441 TI - Social and rehabilitational aspects of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A survey of 100 rheumatoid arthritis patients was conducted in order to gain insight into the problems that interfered with the patients' daily living patterns. Some of the more important problems investigated included stiffness, tiredness, functional hand problems, depression, inability to cope with daily activities and employment. Lack of understanding of the role of physiotherapy and occupational therapy has led to an underutilizaton of these services. PMID- 7256442 TI - Whither human reproduction? PMID- 7256443 TI - Chediak-Higashi syndrome in a "Black' child. PMID- 7256444 TI - [Terminal care--a practical guide for the physician]. AB - In spite of the tendency to institutionalize the terminally ill patient, the decision as to where he spends his final days nevertheless remains with the patient. Should this be at home or in private surroundings, the responsibility of "death guidance' rests with the doctor/practitioner and involves assisting not only the patient, but also his next of kin. This guidance, if given meaningfully and with understanding, is invaluable to both the patient and his family. The three clinical stages leading up to the death of a patient are the prediagnostic and diagnostic phase, the stage at which the illness is established, and the regression stage. During this process, the patient also undergoes psychological changes, described as awareness, negation, rebellion, remorse, depression and finally, acceptance. When death has occurred, the doctor must indicate this to the family euphemistically and with compassion. Although the doctor's main obligation may end here, further assistance to the family will be of great help; this includes contacting the undertaker, informing the next of kin, contacting a priest if required, offering immediate medical assistance to the next of kin, laying out the deceased and reassuring the family before leaving. PMID- 7256446 TI - [Ethylene oxide sterilization--a warning]. PMID- 7256447 TI - Metoclopramide in the treatment of children's behaviour problems. PMID- 7256445 TI - "Joggitis', "marathonitis' and marathon mania. PMID- 7256448 TI - The spread of cholera in South Africa. AB - The current cholera epidemic in the RSA began in October 1980 and is part of the seventh pandemic. Initial investigation of the epidemic revealed a virtually closed system of water supply, which explained the distribution of the early cases. The spread of cholera in the RSA is examined and local factors contributing to cholera transmission are discussed. Attempts are being made to prevent cholera from becoming endemic in the RSA and long-term improvements in health facilities in the susceptible areas of the country are being undertaken. PMID- 7256449 TI - Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with early onset in blacks and Indians. AB - Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with onset below 35 years of age was studied in 52 Black and 38 Indian patients. IDDM accounted for approximately 10.4% and 1.1% of diabetes in the respective racial groups. The mean age and body weight in the Black and Indian diabetics were 27.6 years and 24.7 years, and 60.2 kg and 54.7 kg, respectively. The duration of diabetes in the majority of Blacks was 1-4 years, and that in Indians 5-9 years. The initial presentation in more than 80% of the patients was acute, with severe keto-acidosis in 15%. A positive family history of diabetes was obtained in more than 50% of Indians and in less than 6% of Blacks. Complications were present in 33% of Indian patients and were related to the duration of illness and dose of insulin required. Basal growth hormone, cortisol, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum were higher in Indians than in Blacks, but the differences were not significant. The disease was unrelated to excess alcohol intake or to pancreatic calcification. PMID- 7256450 TI - Carcinoma of the pancreas at Groote Schuur Hospital, 1975-1979. AB - One hundred and seven patients underwent laparotomy for carcinoma of the pancreas at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, during the years 1975-1979. Less than 3% of this group had tumours suitable for curative operations and 27% had advanced disease that precluded even palliative surgery. Although 2 patients are 5-year survivors, the overall prognosis for patients with carcinoma of the pancreas is poor; the average length of survival after diagnosis ranges from 3 to 6 months. Improvement in these dismal statistics may come with earlier diagnosis and accurate selection of patients for curative operations. Although ultrasonography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and other techniques speed diagnosis, most patients with this disease will remain candidates for palliative operation only. PMID- 7256451 TI - Histoplasmosis-a possible outbreak in the northern Cape Province. PMID- 7256452 TI - Vaginal prostaglandins and caesarean section. PMID- 7256454 TI - [Co-ordination of the resources on health information. A study of 4 sources]. AB - During the 1979 Health Year a programme was undertaken in the Cape Province to co ordinate the resources of two well-known national health information centres with the resources of two relatively unknown provincial health information resource centres. Evaluation of this scheme after 1 year indicated that co-ordination of the services of health information resource centres at provincial level can improve this service to remarkable extent. PMID- 7256453 TI - The effect of DPFM on serum lipids in normo- and hyperlipaemic subjects. A preliminary report. AB - The effect of DPFM on the serum lipid levels of both normo- and hyperlipaemic male subjects consuming and average South African diet was studied. After 6 weeks on DPFM the mean fall in the serum total cholesterol (TC) level os the hypercholesterolaemic group was 15,2% and that in the normal subjects 12%. In 13 of the 15 patients with hypertriglyceridaemia the mean fall in the serum triglyceride level was 29%. The triglyceride response in normal subjects was variable, but the highest level attained (1,15 mmol/l) lay well within the normal reference range for this group. The low density lipoprotein cholesterol level fell in every density lipoprotein cholesterol level fell in every subject. In normal subjects the mean decrease was 14,1% while in the hypercholesterolaemic group it was 17,8%. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) did not alter significantly in either group, but the HDL-C/TC ratio increased in all cases. In normal subjects the mean increase was 17,8%, whereas in hyperlipaemic patients it was 21,7%. Six weeks after discontinuation of DPFM the serum lipids had returned to their baseline values in *5% of subjects. The palatability of DPFM was confirmed in all cases. PMID- 7256455 TI - Intestinal parasitic infections in black scholars in northern KwaZulu. AB - Faecal specimens were collected form a total of 7569 scholars at 45 different localities in northern KwaZulu and screened for the presence of intestinal helminth and protozoan parasites. The soil-transmitted nematodes Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm sp. were extremely common, with prevalences in certain localities ranking among the highest to be recorded in South Africa. Entamoeba coli was by far the commonest (60%) of the protozoa;p all the other species had prevalences of less than 10%. The distribution age-specific prevalence and the influence of the variables-sex, ara and age-on the occurrence of the various intestinal parasites are described. PMID- 7256457 TI - Avulsion of the insertion of the pectoralis major muscle. A case report. AB - Avulsion of the insertion of the pectoralis major muscle is a rare injury but should always be considered when asymmetry of the anterior axillary fold is noted after injury to the shoulder region. This case report describes the clinical findings, findings at operation, operative treatment and anatomical considerations. PMID- 7256456 TI - Wandering spider bite--much ado about nothing. AB - The wandering spider, Palystes natalius, has been regarded as medically important since 1959. Simple experiments recently conducted suggest that serious misinterpretations of an observed result were responsible for this misconception. PMID- 7256458 TI - [The effect of steroid therapy on cytological and histopathological changes during experimental extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)]. AB - Acute extrinsic allergic alveolitis was experimentally induced in rabbits using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as antigen. Broncho-alveolar lavage was performed on the excised lungs and total and differential cellular yields determined, and correlated with the histopathological changes in the lungs as well as the total and differential white blood cell counts. After a single parenteral immunization with HRP without adjuvants, and weekly aerosol challenges with nebulized HRP solution for 3 consecutive weeks, a 3-fold increase in the total cell count as well as a very pronounced rise in the percentage of lymphocytes was noticed. Histopathologically, the bronchi-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) became more prominent, an increase in the number of foreign body giant cells was noticed and a focal interstitial and intra-alveolar accumulation of lymphocytes, granulocytes and macrophages could be demonstrated, as well as a mild hyperplasia of type 2 alveolar epithelial cells. Intramuscular injections of methylprednisolone acetate (Depo-Medrol) every 72 hours induced a pronounced peripheral lymphopenia, thymic involution and an almost complete disappearance of the BALT in both the control and HRP-challenged rabbits. Similarly, a marked decrease in the total cell count and percentage of lymphocytes was noticed in the broncho-alveolar fluid of the animals with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. No signs of interstitial or intra alveolar reactions were seen in the lungs of the experimental animals after 3 weeks of aerosol antigen challenge when treated with steroids. Collectively, these data suggest that the development of hypersensitivity pneumonitis was, at least in part, due to a cell-mediated immunological reaction in the lung. This animal model in which steroid suppression of experimental allergic alveolitis has been demonstrated, may be employed to elucidate the cellular pathogenesis of this disease process. PMID- 7256459 TI - [Ventilation studies of the lung with krypton-81m]. AB - During a 2-year study period it was found that krypton-81m was useful in routine clinical practice. During this period 1563 technetium-99m perfusion studies and 807 krypton-81m ventilation studies were performed. A distinct advantage of krypton-81m was the ease with which multiple views could be obtained. These views could be directly compared with those of preceding perfusion studies. However, interruptions in the regular supply of rubidium-81/krypton-81m generators affected 17,1% of perfusion studies and xenon-127 should be a suitable substitute for these periods. PMID- 7256460 TI - [A non-invasive approach to pulmonary hemodynamics]. AB - Currently available investigative methods employed in the evaluation of the pulmonary circulation involve cardiac catheterization and, in respect of exercise determinations, only supine data have been recorded. Consequent upon a 3-year study of pulmonary haemodynamics and gas exchange at rest and during exercise on the treadmill in patients with chronic hypoxaemic lung disease, correlations have been established which accurately characterize the venous admixture (QVA/Qt, the quantitative expression of hypoxaemia), cardiac output and pulmonary artery pressure (PA), permitting the prediction of these variables in the erect posture. The employment of fibre-optic oximetry obviates the need for arterial cannulation. The relevant regression formulae are as follows: QVA/Qt = 8,85 x ln (Hb (100 - SaO2) x heart rate/VO2) - 3,66 (r = 0,97; SEE = 2,43) PAm (resting) = 0,4516 (QVA/Qt) + 8,2 (r = 0,90; SEE = 2,7) PAm (exercise) = 1,453 (QVA/Qt) + 3,8 (r = 0,96; SEE = 4,0) Cardiac output may be derived directly from VO2 and the known components of QVA/Qt, and total pulmonary vascular resistance in turn from Qt and PAm. Direct comparison of the predicted values derived by this means with actual determinations yielded no systematic differences. The clinical application of these principles ensures reliable estimates of haemodynamic variables, without resort to invasive techniques, during free movement and graded exercise testing. PMID- 7256461 TI - [The clinical significance of phospholipids in lung pathology]. AB - The phospholipid composition of 35 human lungs with pathological lesions was analysed by means of thin-layer chromatography and densitometric scanning. The pathological conditions studied were: bronchopneumonia, myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive airway disease and tuberculosis. The phospholipid composition was compared with that of a control group consisting of sudden death cases (due to unnatural causes), i.e. relatively normal lungs. The phospholipid composition of the lungs in a specific pathological group showed the same pattern. However, significant differences were observed between corresponding phospholipid fractions from lungs in the various pathological groups. Compared with the lipid fractions from relatively normal lungs, these differences were even more marked. From the results it would appear that the abnormal composition of the phospholipid fractions might possibly be a cause of lung pathology. The increase and/or decrease in individual fractions and abnormal ratios between fractions might indicate abnormalities in the biosynthesis and catabolism of the lung phospholipids. Further is necessary to elucidate the association of phospholipids with lung pathology. Phospholipid analysis of lung lavages and lung biopsies could be helpful in the diagnosis of lung diseases. Phospholipids in aerosol form could perhaps be used in treating certain lung disorders. PMID- 7256462 TI - [Bladder neck incompetence in the female]. AB - Bladder neck incompetence is responsible for 15,5% of true anatomical defects that cause stress incontinence in the female. Confirmation of the diagnosis of this condition, as well as a new surgical technique for the repair of the defect, is described. PMID- 7256463 TI - [New evidence regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of true hermaphrodites]. AB - New evidence has become available regarding certain aspects of the aetiology and pathogenesis of true hermaphroditism. It is evident that the presence of a Y chromosome in the karyotype of the true hermaphrodite predisposes to the formation of a testis on the one side and an ovary or an ovotestis on the other side. The presence of 46,XX-chromosome complement, however, more commonly results in an ovotestis on the one side and an ovary on the other side. The formation of an ovotestis is possibly due to a difference in the presence of H-Y-antigen in the cells of the ovarian and the testicular portion. The development of the Mullerian and Wolffian ducts is much more interdependent than has previously been known. No cases have been described where two ducts, both of Wolffian and Mullerian origin, were found next to an ovotestis. In humans, fetal androgen does not change hypothalamic activity to a monophasic pattern or produce male sexual behaviour, according to the evidence found in the true hermaphrodites investigated by us. PMID- 7256464 TI - [Tympanoplasty in septic cases. A new technic]. AB - The very incidence of postoperative sepsis in tympanoplasty operations on ears with infected cholesteatoma prompted the development of a new technique to improve the control of local infection. An irrigation tube is placed into the mastoid antrum at the time of operation, through which the ear is irrigated in the postoperative period with an antibiotic solution. In 25 tympanomastoidectomy operations, only 6 patients developed postoperative sepsis, 5 of which were due to faulty administration of the antibiotic. In 13 tympanoplasty operations, 6 patients had an unsuccessful outcome. Four of these were due to poor patient selection. Systemic antibiotics are given immediately preoperatively, and continued in the postoperative period until the course has been completed. PMID- 7256465 TI - [The control of hypertension in 2 communities. An interim evaluation]. AB - More than 26% of Whites studied in two rural communities were found to be hypertensive during the 1979 Coronary Risk Factor Study (CORIS). At re-study during registration at the commencement of the hypertension intervention phase, hypertension could be confirmed in 72%. The mean blood pressures had decreased, and the percentages on treatment or with control of hypertension had improved by 43% and 136% respectively, indicating that screening for, and awareness of, hypertension had beneficial results. During the first 8 months of the hypertension intervention phase, 451 hypertensives were registered in the high intensity intervention (HII) town, and 166 in the low-intensity intervention (LII) town. In both towns decreases in mean blood pressure and increases in treatment and control percentages could be demonstrated. In the HII town 80% of hypertensives were on treatment and 83% were controlled 4 - 8 months after registration, the most impressive results being achieved in the group which began treatment as a result of the intervention. A group with mild hypertension which was treated by non-pharmacological means only also improved, 66% eventually being controlled. The hypertension programme was three times more successful in the HII town, where the results suggest that hypertension in a community can be effectively controlled in the short term, using for the most part locally available health personnel and facilities. PMID- 7256466 TI - [Malnutrition in 3 hospital populations]. AB - A disturbingly high incidence of malnutrition has been found in patients with chronic liver disease, in patients with renal failure on chronic haemodialysis, and in the elderly. The aetiology of malnutrition would appear to be variable, and nutrient requirements may furthermore be disease-specific. The recognition and amelioration of malnutrition in chronic disease states should form an integral part of the overall patient management. PMID- 7256467 TI - Cytosolic oestrogen receptor content of breast cancer tissue in blacks and whites. PMID- 7256468 TI - Experience with the intensive care management of organophosphate insecticide poisoning. AB - During the 5-year period 1975-1979, 41 out of a total of 157 patients treated for 'organophosphate poisoning' (26%) were admitted to intensive care units. Treatment comprised atropine (0,02-0, mg/kg every 15-30 minutes or 0,02 - 0,08 mg/kg/h by continuous intravenous infusion), intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) with continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) where indicated, and general supportive measures including adjustment of electrolyte, fluid and acid base balance. Oxime-type cholinesterase reactivators were administered to 10 patients. Serum cholinesterase (S-ChE) and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (E AChE) activities were monitored continuously. Despite intensive therapy, 5 patients (12%) died. IMV and CPAP proved to be a near-ideal method of mechanical ventilation. Atropine administered by continuous infusion was found to be superior to intermittent administration during the acute phase, while oral administration of atropine proved adequate thereafter. Oxime-type reactivators were not found to be of any significant value. Clinical recovery (the point at which atropine could safely be discontinued) generally correlated with a recovery of E-AChE activity to 30% or more of normal. Sudden deterioration due to possible 'endogenous re-intoxication' was observed in some patients days after the initial exposure to an organophosphate insecticide. PMID- 7256469 TI - Amoebiasis in an urban black population. AB - Amoebiasis is a common cause of dysentery and liver abscess at Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg. Forty-eight adult patients with amoebiasis were diagnosed during the 8-month period 1 December 1979 to 31 July 1980. There was a high incidence of extra-intestinal complications (38%) and a high mortality rate (12.5%) in this series. The importance of early surgery in fulminating dysentery which has not responded to amoebicidal therapy is emphasized. The need for early diagnosis is crucial, since failure to consider the possibility of the presence of amoebiasis may result in serious complications. This study demonstrates that endemic 'pockets' of amoebiasis are probably present in Soweto, Johannesburg. It is suggested that those involved in the preparation or handling of food for public consumption be clinically examined, and their stools examined for cysts of Entamoeba histolytica. PMID- 7256470 TI - Amplitude variations in electrocardiographic S and R waves during sleep. AB - The QRS amplitudes are modified by respiration and body movements and possibly also by changes in ventricular volume. Several studies have noted variations in QRS wave forms during exercise, but few studied have examined these aspects of the ECG during sleep. This article describes three modes of QRS wave form change during sleep--abrupt and gradual changes in the mean S- and R-wave amplitudes, and patterns of short-term variations. Possible causes of these variations are listed and it is suggested that an in-depth study of them may provide information both on the characteristics of sleep and on heart function. PMID- 7256471 TI - Management of carotid-cavernous fistulas with the Prolo balloon catheter. PMID- 7256473 TI - Parasuicide in the Durban Indian community. AB - Biographical and psychiatric factors in 100 patients referred to a department of psychiatry after a suicide attempt were surveyed. One of the major precipitants of parasuicide in the present study, and found in all cases, was an interpersonal dispute; this involved extended family in 63 cases and marital or romantic relationships in 81. PMID- 7256472 TI - Digoxin withdrawal in patients with sinus rhythm. AB - The need for maintenance treatment with digoxin was assessed in 10 elderly outpatients with sinus rhythm. Digoxin was withdrawn on the first day of the trial but any other treatment remained unchanged. The participants were seen once weekly on the same day for 5 consecutive weeks and assessed clinically, by the calculation of systolic time intervals and by M-mode echocardiography. In 2 patients the clinical condition deteriorated but in the rest digoxin was stopped without detrimental effects. Therefore, in the patient population selected, maintenance treatment with digoxin was deemed unnecessary in 90% of cases. PMID- 7256474 TI - Ex vivo functional evaluation of pig hearts subjected to 24 hours' preservation by hypothermic perfusion. AB - A system has been developed for the ex vivo functional testing of isolated hearts. Three groups, each of 10 pig hearts, have been studied: group 1--freshly excised hearts; group 2--heart hypothermically perfused for 20 - 24 hours with Krebs-Henseleit solution; group 3--hearts similarly perfused with a clear fluid hyperosmolar solution. Group 2 hearts performed poorly on functional testing and would clearly have been unsuitable for transplantation. Haemodynamic observations on group 3 hearts showed little statistical difference from those of group 1, suggesting good preservation. The value of the ex vivo testing system as a reliable means of assessing myocardial function is discussed, and has been confirmed by subsequent successful orthotopic transplantation of baboon hearts stored under identical conditions. PMID- 7256475 TI - Multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. Case report and speculation. AB - Among the indigenous people of tropical and subtropical countries neuromyelitis optica is more common than multiple sclerosis (MS), which is exceptionally rare. Alternatively, one might conclude that when MS does occur in these countries it usually assumes the spinal-optic form. The evidence on which these statements are based is reviewed, and 6 cases from Natal are presented. These observations could have a bearing on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of MS. PMID- 7256476 TI - A free supernumerary kidney. A case report. AB - A patient with a free supernumerary kidney is described. This is one of the rarest congenital urological anomalies, and was discovered by chance in this patient. A short review of the available literature is given. PMID- 7256478 TI - Whooping cough vaccine. PMID- 7256477 TI - Acute deterioration and death in infancy due to posterior fossa tumour. A case report. AB - Acute deterioration of a 27-day-old male baby born at term is reported. On admission the baby presented with acute gastro-enteritis which had developed 3 days previously. Apart from enlargement of the head, no signs of CNS dysfunction could be elicited. Only after acute clinical deterioration was a suspicion of a cerebral process aroused. Computed tomography showed a posterior fossa mass and postmortem examination revealed a cerebellar medulloblastoma which was probably of antenatal onset. PMID- 7256479 TI - Sex-dependent differences in phenobarbitone-induced oestradiol-2-hydroxylase activity in rat liver. AB - Oestradiol-2-hydroxylase (E2-OH) activity was measured in live and brain microsomes of 6-8-week-old Wistar rats. Phenobarbitone (75 mg/kg daily for 3 days) significantly increased enzyme activity in the liver of males and females, but there were striking differences between the two sexes. In males the enzyme activity was increased by 37% over control values and in females by 200%. The total microsomal cytochrome P-450 content was increased by 75% in males and by 82% in females. the apparent Michaelis constant (Km) of E2-OH for 17 beta oestradiol in untreated males (9.8 microM) and females (9.2 microM) did not differ significantly. Phenobarbitone treatment, however, tended to reduce the apparent Km in males (8.2 microM) and to increase it in females (18.7 microM). E2 OH activity was also detected in brain tissue of both sexes, but it was 50-200 fold lower than in the liver and was not increased by phenobarbitone. PMID- 7256481 TI - Maternal systemic lupus erythematosus associated with fetal congenital heart block. A case report. AB - Congenital heart block (CHB) is a rare cause of fetal bradycardia and, if misinterpreted as fetal distress, may lead to detrimental obstetric intervention. There is a definite association between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as well as other connective tissue disorders in the mother and CHB in her offspring. A case of CHB in the child of a mother with asymptomatic SLE is reported and a useful diagnostic investigation, the sonar-atropine test, is described. PMID- 7256482 TI - South African Gastro-enterology Society: abstracts. PMID- 7256483 TI - [The benzodiazepines in 1981]. PMID- 7256480 TI - Serum lipid, uric acid and glucose levels in urban black males doing manual or clerical work. AB - Serum lipid, uric acid and glucose levels were measured in four groups of Black male factory workers 1 hour after an oral glucose load. These groups comprised non-obese manual, obese manual, non-obese clerical and obese clerical workers. Obese men had significantly higher serum uric acid, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and lower high=density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels than non-obese men. Serum glucose and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol values were also higher in obese than in non-obese men, but the differences were not significant. Clerical workers had higher levels than manual workers for most of the biochemical variables measured, but only in the case of uric acid was the difference significant. Possible reasons for the fact that the effect of occupation on the variables was slight are briefly discussed. PMID- 7256484 TI - Potassium permanganate toxicity. PMID- 7256485 TI - Size at birth of infants born at term to coloured primiparas in Cape Town. AB - An in-depth study was made on the size and body proportions of infants born at term to Coloured primiparas in Cape Town. The infants were lighter and shorter than has been found in most comparative studies, but had some sparing of head growth with normal weight/length proportions. This report provides a standard which will facilitate further studies of fetal growth determinants in this community. PMID- 7256487 TI - Stab wound of the cervical oesophagus. A case report. AB - A case of penetrating stab wound of the cervical oesophagus is described. The early diagnosis of oesophageal injuries is discussed, emphasizing the importance of clinical symptoms and signs. PMID- 7256486 TI - Streptomycin ototoxicity in the unborn child. AB - Streptomycin has been used in pregnant patients for more than 30 years. Some doubt, however, still exists with regard to its effects on the ear of the unborn child. Thirty-three children whose mothers had received streptomycin during pregnancy were followed up and their hearing tested. A minor degree of hearing loss which could possible be due to the action of streptomycin was found in only 2 children. PMID- 7256488 TI - Micro-aerophilic and anaerobic growth of Pityrosporum species. AB - Pityrosporum orbiculare, P. ovale, and P. pachydermatis showed the same luxuriant growth when cultured under aerobic conditions, in an aerobic milieu with 7% CO2, and under micro-aerophilic conditions. The species survived and even multiplied under strictly anaerobic conditions. These findings may explain how P. orbiculare and P. ovale can survive in the deeper parts of hair follicles. On a medium that enhanced the production of filaments in Pityrosporum, filaments were more pronounced in the micro-aerophilic environment. Macroscopically, P. ovale showed a more luxuriant growth than P. orbiculare on this medium, but microscopically the same type of filaments were produced. PMID- 7256489 TI - [Presence of Pityrosporum ovale in the ear of newborn infants]. AB - Lipophilic yeasts of the genus Pityrosporum were found in random samples from the external ear of 7% of 101 neonates and 8% of 111 infants 3 days old. The yeasts were also found in 70.4% of 132 specimens from adult female external genitalia. There were no isolations of Pityrosporum from 46 intravaginal specimens or samples of baby oil. PMID- 7256490 TI - Viability of Trichophyton schoenleinii in epilated hairs. PMID- 7256491 TI - Human lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by living and dead Histoplasma capsulatum yeasts and soluble yeast autolysate. AB - Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with either replicating yeast phase Histoplasma capsulatum, intact dead yeasts of soluble yeast phase autolysate antigen for induction of lymphocyte blastogenesis. H. capsulatum replicated to the same extent in cultures of lymphocytes from histoplasmin skin test-positive and negative cell donors, but stimulated far greater blastogenesis in the former. Dead H. capsulatum yeasts, which were more easily quantified, caused nearly as much specific blastogenesis as live yeasts. Blastogenesis was induced by as few as 1 dead yeast per 10,000 lymphocytes, indicating the antigenic potency of Histoplasma yeasts. Specific blastogenesis was also caused by soluble yeast autolysate. Thus, replicating H. capsulatum yeasts, dead yeasts and autolytically released soluble yeast phase antigen each stimulated specific blastogenesis of lymphocytes from persons sensitized to H. capsulatum in vivo. PMID- 7256492 TI - Acute salpingitis with Chlamydia trachomatis isolated from the fallopian tubes: clinical, cultural, and serologic findings. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis was recovered from the fallopian tubes of ten women with acute salpingitis. The median age of the patients was 19 years. The duration of pelvic pain before consulting a physician ranged from three to 27 days (median, seven days). Half of the patients complained of irregular bleeding, and nine reported increased vaginal discharge. One patient had a rectal temperature of greater than 38 C, and one had an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of less than 15 mm/hr. At laparoscopy, mild inflammatory changes were seen in the tubes of three patients, five had moderately severe inflammation, and two had pelvic peritonitis. C. trachomatis could not be isolated from the cervix of two patients. Paired sera were available from eight patients, six of whom had a significant rise in titer of IgG antibodies to C. trachomatis. Two women had IgM antibodies. Two other women, who harbored Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the cervix, had antibodies to gonococcal pili; one had a significant decrease in titer. This latter patient was one of the patients with a stationary titer of antibodies to C trachomatis. One patient had a stationary titer of antibodies to Mycoplasma hominis. In general, chlamydial salpingitis seems to have relatively benign symptoms. Neither the failure to isolate C. trachomatis from the cervix nor a stationary titer of antibodies to the organism precludes a chlamydial etiology of acute salpingitis. PMID- 7256493 TI - Pelvic inflammatory disease in the United States. Incidence and trends in private practice. AB - The National Ambulatory Care Survey, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (Rockville, Md.), provides national estimates for conditions diagnosed by office-based private practitioners in the United States. The Venereal Disease Control Division of the Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta, Ga.) obtained data from the National Ambulatory Care Survey for the years 1973-1976 and analyzed the epidemiology of pelvic inflammatory disease in women who sought care from private physicians. More that 7.5 million office visits for pelvic inflammatory disease were made over the four-year period (average, 1.89 million visits pe year). All races other than white bear a disproportionate burden of pelvic inflammatory disease. Since the advent of the National Gonorrhea Screening Program in 1972, the number of visits to private physicians for pelvic inflammatory disease has apparently declined. PMID- 7256494 TI - Pelvic inflammatory disease in the United States. Epidemiology and trends among hospitalized women. AB - The Hospital Discharge Survey, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (Rockville, Md.), provides national estimates for conditions causing hospitalization in short-stay hospitals in the United States. The venereal Disease Control Division of the Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta, Ga.) obtained survey data for 1970-1975 and analyzed the epidemiology of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women hospitalized for this disease. An average of greater than 211,000 female patients older than 10 years of age were hospitalized annually for PID. Acute salpingitis occurred predominantly in women younger than 30 years of age. Women of all races other than white had a PID rate 3.3 times greater than that of white women. Data obtained from the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities were used for determination of the trend in hospitalizations for PID. In all races other than white, the trend appears stable; however the trend among white women is increasing. PMID- 7256496 TI - A three-day doxycycline regimen for treatment of gonorrhea. AB - Patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea were given three 300-mg capsules of doxycycline, one of which was to be taken after the heaviest meal of the day, on each of three consecutive days. A total of 560 men and women were treated by this method. Of the 355 patients who returned for tests of cure within seven to ten days, all but seven (2%) responded favorably to the treatment. The effectiveness of the regimen was similar to that of other accepted treatments. Adverse effects were inconsequential or absent, providing that the medication was taken after meals. This treatment option simplifies considerably the directions to be followed by the patient and minimizes the risk of noncompliance in the treatment of gonorrhea with tetracyclines. PMID- 7256495 TI - Screening for gonorrhea in a prenatal clinic in Southeast Asia. AB - Screening by culture of endocervical specimens revealed four cases of gonorrhea among 744 pregnant women attending the prenatal clinic at the University Hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The observed prevalence of gonorrhea (0.54%) in pregnant women is similar to that in Great Britain (0.2-0.7%), but lower than the prevalences reported for North America (2.5-7.5%) and Thailand (11.9%). The results indicate that routine screening of pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in Malaysia would aid in the control of gonorrhea in that country. PMID- 7256497 TI - Eradication of Chlamydia trachomatis from the urethras of men with nongonococcal urethritis by treatment with amoxicillin. AB - Twenty men with nongonococcal urethritis were treated orally with amoxicillin (750 mg three times daily for 10 days). One man had herpes simplex virus infection of the urethra. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the urethras of six (32) of the remaining men. Urethral specimens cultured for C. trachomatis became negative during amoxicillin therapy for all six men and remained negative for all five men who were followed for 24-48 days. Amoxicillin did not eradicate Ureaplasma urealyticum from any of 13 colonized men. Nongonococcal urethritis persisted or recurred at greater than or equal to 14 days after initiation of treatment in one of five men with, and ten of twelve men without initial C. trachomatis infection (P = 0.06). Since multiple-dose penicillin regimens are used for the treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease and epididymitis, which are frequently caused by C trachomatis, the apparent efficacy of high-dose amoxicillin therapy for chlamydial urethritis in this study is of interest. However, until the results of further study of the efficacy of multiple-dose penicillin regimens for infections due to C. trachomatis are known, tetracyclines remain the treatment of choice for the majority of such complications. PMID- 7256499 TI - [In vitro assessment of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes collected by two different leucapheresis methods: continuous flow centrifugation and continuous flow filtration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256500 TI - [An assessment of the sensitiveness of the indirect antiglobulin test with fifteen-minute incubation time (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256498 TI - Contraception and pelvic inflammatory disease. PMID- 7256501 TI - [Adriamycin and pregnancy]. PMID- 7256504 TI - [Different steroid premedication regimens in the collection of granulocytes with discontinuous flow centrifugation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256503 TI - [Assessment of frequency and characterization of HLA specificity in sera from pregnant women (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256506 TI - [Iron absorption and alcohol]. PMID- 7256505 TI - [Haemostatic alterations in children with malignancies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256507 TI - Report of the President's Commission on Pension Policy: executive summary. PMID- 7256508 TI - Analysis of nonparticipation in the SSI program. AB - This article addresses a range of questions about participation and nonparticipation in the supplemental security income (SSI) program with data collected by the Survey of Low-Income Aged and Disabled (SLIAD) during 1973 and 1974: (1) Can SSI's relatively modest growth be attributed to initial overestimates of the eligible population or to low rates of participation among eligibles? (2) If the latter, what factors inhibited program participation? (3) What is the relation between program participation in SSI's initial years and at the present time? (4) If the factors that initially inhibited participation have not significantly changed, what are the present implications for program policy? The first section of this article discusses the size and composition of the program's target population. Various estimates of the eligible SSI population are compared with microsimulation estimates based on SLIAD. The second section presents the theoretical and empirical framework used to analyze the factors associated with nonparticipation in SSI. The theory of nonparticipation, developed in the context of the "alternative income hypothesis," is presented in a series of propositions used to empirically verify the theory. The third section discusses the factors related to participation in the SSI program during and after the phase-in period. Subsequent response to SSI is presented in a discussion of outreach efforts and trends in program applications and program enrollments. The final section discusses the implications of the existence of an eligible nonparticipant population and what, if any, changes could be made to increase program involvement. PMID- 7256502 TI - [Infectious diseases in children with cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256509 TI - Symposium on surgical nutrition. PMID- 7256510 TI - Normal nutritional requirements. PMID- 7256512 TI - Protein metabolism in surgical patients. PMID- 7256513 TI - Energy expenditure in surgical patients. PMID- 7256514 TI - Rational decision-making in nutritional care. AB - Malnutrition is no longer an obligatory and necessary complication of life threatening diseases. Yet, in our enthusiasm to feed critically ill patients, we must guarantee patient safety as well as nutritional efficacy. Clinical studies that emphasize biochemical and physiologic assessment must be continued in order to provide a data base for guidelines for nutritional recommendations. Until more definitive information is available, nutritional maintenance of critically ill patients should be the first priority. Weight gain (positive energy balance) should be attempted with caution and is usually achieved with resolution of the catabolic disease. PMID- 7256511 TI - Energy sources, stores, and hormonal controls. AB - Energy is required by humans for such vital activities as metabolic processes and muscular contraction. The support of protein synthesis is critical in clinical nutritional support; approximately 25 per cent of energy expenditure is devoted to the support of protein synthesis. Energy is stored as carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Stored carbohydrate is rapidly exhausted, and the utilization of protein for energy is detrimental. Fat storage is usually abundant but cannot be mobilized and oxidized sufficiently to meet energy requirements, particularly in injured or septic patients. The provision of energy sources with amino acids in clinical nutrition permits the most efficient use of amino acids for protein synthesis. The majority of non-protein calories may be provided as either glucose or fat emulsion in patients with mild to moderate degrees of stress, but fat emulsion may be ineffective in severely stressed patients. A reliance on fat emulsion for energy may allow the use of peripheral venous infusion but is more expensive then glucose. PMID- 7256515 TI - Nutrition in cancer patients. PMID- 7256517 TI - Organization and administration of a nutrition support service. PMID- 7256518 TI - New horizons. PMID- 7256516 TI - Nutritional support in gastrointestinal disease. AB - Nutritional support is capable of spontaneously healing many gastrointestinal fistulas, particularly if the fistula arises from bowel that is not involved with inflammatory bowel disease or a malignant growth. The choice of either enteral or parenteral nutrition can be used in the treatment of any fistula, the use of enteral nutrition should be more selective. It is recommended that enteral therapy for an upper gastrointestinal fistula be carried out by distal infusion of the diet by either tube or operative jejunostomy. Infusion of the diet distal to the site of the fistula should not increase drainage of the fistula. If drainage does increase in response to enteral feeding, then enteral therapy should be discontinued, and parenteral therapy should be started. Similarly, a fistula of the ileum or colon may also be treated with enteral therapy into the proximal bowel as long as sufficient length of normal bowel exists to absorb the diet proximal to the fistula. PMID- 7256519 TI - Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis diagnosed by computed tomography. AB - Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis is an often unrecognized clinical condition. This is due to its variable clinical presentation and its association with other serious disease states. The following cases demonstrate that, in the infant, thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus can be diagnosed quickly and noninvasively by computed tomography (CT). In those clinical situations in which thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus may occur and neurological changes exist, axial and coronal CT scans may be quite specific in detecting its occurrence. PMID- 7256520 TI - The surgical treatment of hydrocephalus--an historical review. PMID- 7256521 TI - The controlled delivery of thiopental and delayed cerebral revascularization. AB - Sodium thiopental was administered to 10 dogs following embolization of the middle cerebral artery. Its effect on the "grace period" for revascularization was investigated by performing embolectomies 6 hours later. We observed a striking reduction in the size of infarction in the animals treated with thiopental at moderate and prolonged dosage levels. The control animals treated with pentobarbital received less protection against ischemia although blood levels were similar to those of the experimental groups during the period of vascular occlusion. PMID- 7256522 TI - Surgical features of cranial metastases. AB - This study comprises 14 patients with metastatic involvement of the cranium treated between 1957 and 1979. Anatomical and radiological aspects and the clinical manifestations of these metastatic lesions are analyzed. These lesions are not a definite clinical entity, and they have specific therapeutic problems. Treatment consisted of surgical excision and radiotherapy. The surgical results are presented and discussed. PMID- 7256523 TI - Unilateral enlargement of the internal auditory canal: a developmental variant. AB - Marked asymmetry of the petrous pyramids as seen on plain skull roentgenograms is reported in 3 patients with no clinical findings related to the region of the cerebellopontine angle. Polytomograms of the enlarged internal auditory canal in these patients demonstrated in intact crista falciformis and absence of cortical destruction. These roentgenographic features suggest that the asymmetry represents a developmental variant. When contrast enchanced computed tomography fails to demonstrate an abnormality in asymptomatic patients with an enlarged internal auditory canal, it is unnecessary to proceed with further neuroradiological study. PMID- 7256524 TI - Spinal cord malfunction after anterior cervical discectomy. AB - Six cases of myelopathy following anterior operations for removal of disc and fusion of the cervical spine are briefly summarized. Preexisting myelopathy or stenosis of the spinal canal may predispose to this complication. Paralysis may be immediate or delayed for hours. The amount of neural dysfunction is variable, and may fluctuate. Some cases are clearly due to intraoperative trauma caused, for instance, by dowel impaction or by use of the osteotome or drill; some are clearly due to clot. Other more arcane occurrences may be caused by edema, treated with hyperosmotic agents and steroids; or vascular disorder, treated with steroids and a deliberate increase in blood pressure and volume in a manner comparable to the treatment of postangiography or postcraniotomy hemiplegia. In some cases, rough instrumentation in the intervertebral foramen may be implicated. Some cases may be aggravated or induced by manipulation of the neck during intubation or change of position for operation. The risks are calculated as less than 2 per thousand but should be explained to the patient or the patient's family in obtaining consent for operation, since it would appear that even the most careful operation may be followed by this complication. PMID- 7256525 TI - Neurological response to hyperbaric oxygen--a criterion for cerebral revascularization. AB - Twenty-two patients with cerebral infarction secondary to occlusion of a carotid or middle cerebral artery were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen at 1.5 atmospheres absolute pressure. Ten of the patients demonstrated improved motor function during hyperbaric exposure. Seven of these patients had successful surgical revascularization and no recurrence of neurological deficit. In 3 patients who were not successfully revascularized, the neurological deficit recurred. It is concluded that response to hyperbaric oxygen may be of use in the selection of patients with neurological deficit who will benefit from surgical revascularization of the brain. PMID- 7256526 TI - Altered extracranial vascular reactivity in patients with cerebral arterial aneurysm: an in vitro study. AB - Isolated human superficial temporal arteries were constricted by the addition of potassium, norepinephrine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Different responses occurred when the vessels were taken from patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm and from patients without cerebral aneurysm. In the aneurysm group, significantly stronger contractions were demonstrated upon exposure to potassium and 5 hydroxytryptamine. Because these agents increase the movement of extracellular calcium into smooth muscle cells in the excitation-contraction coupling process, it is suggested that, in vessels from aneurysm patients, there is enhanced influx of calcium across the cell membrane and that cerebral vasospasm is thus not due to extravascular actions alone. PMID- 7256527 TI - Occlusion of the internal carotid artery by intracranial tumors. AB - Occlusion of the internal carotid artery by an intracranial tumor occurs only rarely. Three such cases are reported here. All were parasellar tumors, 2 meningiomas and 1 pituitary adenoma. The occlusion was demonstrated by carotid angiography in all cases. The location of the tumor was demonstrated by a computerized tomographic (CT) scan in 1 case. These 3 cases were encountered in a neurosurgical series of over 4,500 brain tumors and 10,000 angiographic examinations during the period 1952 to 1979. PMID- 7256528 TI - Evaluation of cerebral blood flow in patients with transient ischemic attacks and minor stroke. PMID- 7256529 TI - Hemangioma calcificans--a benign epileptogenic lesion. AB - Hemangioma calcificans is a rare condition that may be regarded as a calcified cerebral cavernous angioma. The clinical presentation is usually that of epilepsy in an adult. A calcified nodule is visible on radiographs of the skull or computed tomographic (CT) scans. Angiography does not demonstrate vascularity. It is usually a solitary subcortical lesion that is surgically removable. Because of the favorable results from treatment of this lesion, this report reviews the clinical and radiological features described in the literature and includes an additional case. PMID- 7256530 TI - Giant cerebral arteriovenous malformation producing a noncommunicating hydrocephalus. AB - The case of a woman with a large, mixed, cerebral arteriovenous malformation mainly involving the posterior fossa and producing a noncommunicating hypertensive hydrocephalus is reported. Relief of ventricular enlargement by means of a cerebrospinal fluid shunt unexpectedly resulted in stupor and Parinauds' syndrome. These complications were completely relieved by ligating the shunt. The vascular and mechanical factors involved in the production of hydrocephalus in this patient are discussed. PMID- 7256531 TI - Management of prolonged therapeutic barbiturate coma. AB - Barbiturate administration for protection from focal ischemia was evaluated in baboons. All animals were monitored for 96 hours in an intensive care unit during various regimens of pentobarbital administration. Intermittent bolus injections of barbiturate yielded inconsistent electroencephalographic responses and produced the most cardiovascular instability. Continuous barbiturate infusion safely allowed the greatest amount of barbiturate to be employed with the most stable electrophysiological and cardiovascular response. PMID- 7256532 TI - Society of University Surgeons. Presidential address: "Real people". PMID- 7256533 TI - Distinguished address: Genetic predisposition to cancer. PMID- 7256534 TI - Approaches to the artificial heart. Invited speaker. AB - Over the last two decades, the implantable artificial heart has evolved from an idea to a device capable of completely supporting the circulation for periods now exceeding 5 months. Although initial animal studies were limited by thromboembolism and device breakage, the usual causes of death in experimental animals are now infection, atrioventricular valve obstruction, elastomer bladder calcification, or inadequate cardiac output because of the relatively rapid growth of the young calves. As a result of the bulky nature of the energy converter and the substantial risk of infection with large diameter percutaneous tubes, clinical use of their air-powered artificial hearts will be limited to patients who are awaiting or being prepared for heart transplantation. Artificial hearts with implanted energy converters are being developed for permanent heart replacement. These devices require well-designed, durable mechanical components and sophisticated control systems. Although initial designs centered around thermal engines powered by a completely implantable nuclear energy source, the excessive cost and potential dangers have shifted the focus away from the nuclear system. Several electrically driven artificial hearts, based on samarium-cobalt magnet brushless direct-current motors, are now undergoing bench testing and will be ready for long-term animal studies within 2 years. This research will culminate with the availability of an "off-the-shelf" electrically powered artificial heart for use in patients with a wide range of nonrepairable forms of end-stage heart disease. PMID- 7256535 TI - Cost containment through cost awareness: a strategy that failed. PMID- 7256536 TI - Balloon embolectomy catheters in small arteries. I. Lateral wall pressures and shear forces. AB - Balloon embolectomy catheters were studied in 2 to 3 mm canine arteries in vitro to evaluate the determinants of lateral wall pressure (LWP), balloon-artery shear force, and shear stress. LWP was determined by examination of the pressure diameter curve of each artery and identification of the diameter at each level of infected volume. The following results were obtained: (1) LWP was determined by balloon diameter and was poorly related to balloon pressure. (2) When balloons were filled to clinical criteria, mean LWPs of 50 to 10 mm Hg for 24 Shiley catheters and 62 +/- 11 mm Hg for 24 Edwards catheters were recorded. (3) Shear forces increased directly with LWP. (4) In most cases, shear forces at any LWP were not significantly different for Edwards and Shiley catheters. (5) Shear forces had a high initial component and a lower dynamic component; the latter component was decreased slightly by increasing withdrawal velocity. (6) Shear forces were lower (P less than 0.05) with small catheters than with larger catheters, i.e., 3F less than 4F less than 5F. (7) Shear stresses were at least 84 times greater than the critical stress for the intima. These data suggest the following clinical guidelines: (1) Every effort should be made to achieve the low LWP since this strongly influences shear force. (2) The smallest effective catheter should be used. (3) Negligible benefit may be gained if catheters are withdrawn at moderate velocities. PMID- 7256537 TI - Resistance to intravenous tumor metastases in the athymic nude mouse: a paradoxic response. AB - The role of the host immune response in the abatement or prevention of tumor metastasis is unclear. To investigate possible interaction of lymphocytes with tumor cells, the F10 subline of the B16 melanoma was studied after subcutaneous or intravenous injection in original host C57BL/6 mice, Swiss nude mice, and BALB/c nude mice. The F10 tumor grew rapidly after subcutaneous injection in all strains of mice. Although florid pulmonary metastases were detected in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice after intravenous inoculation, both strains of nude mice were markedly resistant to the development of pulmonary metastases (P less than 0.001). Labeling of the B16 F10 melanoma cells with 3H-thymidine demonstrated that the kinetics of tumor cells after intravenous inoculation were similar in C57BL/6 mice and nude mice. Increased natural killer (NK) activity in the nude mouse play an important role in the prevention of pulmonary metastases. PMID- 7256538 TI - Mechanisms of satiety and gastric emptying after gastric partitioning and bypass. AB - The patterns of fundic and antral motility as well as changes in fundic pressure in response to balloon distention were evaluated in 26 patients before and after gastric partitioning (18 patients) or gastric bypass (8 patients). In addition, the rate of gastric emptying, as measured by the ingestion of 99mTc-tagged chicken liver, was determined after gastric partitioning (12 patients) and bypass (7 patients). A striking alteration in the motility of the fundus occurs after both gastric partitioning and bypass. Normal pressure waves of the fundus disappear with both procedures. Fullness after both operations is secondary to distension of the pouch rather than to an increase in pressure. Changes in antral motility, inhibition, and recovery seem to be neurally mediated. The gastric emptying rate was 6.9% +/0 2.9% per minute after gastric bypass and 1.8% +/- 0.4% per minute after partitioning. Delayed emptying could be an additional benefit of gastric partitioning. PMID- 7256539 TI - Nitrogen-sparing mechanisms of singly administered branched-chain amino acids in the injured rat. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that the in vivo nitrogen-conserving quality of amino acid solutions might be improved by increasing the percentage of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and that infusion of a solution consisting only of the three BCAA-valine, leucine, and isoleucine-in the postoperative period resulted in nitrogen equilibrium. To clarify which of the properties ascribed to the BCAA is responsible for the improved postoperative nitrogen conserving quality, we infused rats undergoing laparotomy and jugular vein cannulation with each of the BCAA or alanine separately. Twenty-four hours before the were killed 5 microCi 14C-tyrosine was added to the infusate to determine total body protein degradation and fractional synthesis rate in liver and muscle. All four amino acid-containing solutions conserved nitrogen as compared with 6.5% dextrose. Fractional synthesis of rate mixed liver protein was significantly increased in all groups receiving BCAA. Only the infusion of valine significantly increased muscle protein synthesis. Total body protein breakdown rate was similarly decreased in all groups receiving amino acids (alanine, valine, leucine, or isoleucine). Total body protein breakdown correlated significantly with the nitrogen balance. The protein-sparing mechanisms of the BCAA in the post traumatic period are mediated through reduction in whole body protein breakdown, as well as by increasing protein synthesis in both liver and muscle protein. These results appear specific for the BCAA as isonitrogenous amounts of alanine do not give similar results. PMID- 7256541 TI - Local effects of 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on gastric blood flow and acid secretion. AB - The effects of luminal administration of 16, 16-dimethyl PGE2 on gastric blood flow and histamine-stimulated acid secretion were determined in a double chambered preparation of canine fundic stomach. This model permitted simultaneous assessment of two segments of mucosa (17 cm2 each), one control and the other test, supplied by the same vascular pedicle. Topical application of 25 microgram 16, 16-dimethyl PGE2 in 15 ml HCl to the test chamber significantly increased mucosal blood flow of the test chamber from 1.2 +/- 0.1 to 2.5 +/- 0.5 ml/min (P less than 0.05) whereas no significant change in mucosal blood flow was noted in the control mucosa. Intravenous infusion of histamine at 1.0 microgram/kg/min stimulated comparable amounts of acid secretion in both segments of mucosa. The addition of 16, 16-dimethyl PGE2 (25 microgram in 15 ml of HCl) in the bathing solution of the test chamber significantly reduced histamine-stimulated acid secretion from 22.5 +/- 3.1 to 8.4 +/- 1.2 microEq/min (P less than 0.01) in the test mucosa whereas the control mucosa showed no evidence of secretory inhibition throughout the experiment. Since the control mucosa was supplied by the same vascular pedicle as the test mucosa, we concluded that the observed vasodilating and antisecretory effects of luminal administration of 16, 16-dimethyl PGE2 were local rather than systemic effects following its absorption from the stomach. PMID- 7256540 TI - Effect of electrical stimulation on diaphragmatic muscle used to enlarge right ventricle. AB - The effect of chronic electrical stimulation on muscle mass of pedicled diaphragmatic muscle grafts (DMGs) implanted into the right ventricle was studied in 21 dogs. Nineteen dogs, followed up to 70 days (mean, 34 days), were divided into three groups. In six dogs (control) the DMG was not stimulated. In six other dogs the DMG was stimulated at 50 stimuli/min with a fixed-rate unipolar pacemaker. In seven animals the graft was paced 1:1 with the dog's own rhythm with an R-wave synchronous pacemaker. Surface area of the DMG decreased 34% to 43% (P less than 0.05) in all dogs. DMG thickness increased in all dogs (P less than 0.05). The increase was 29% for control animals and 132% and 134% for the two paced groups. The volume of the DMG decreased 24% in the nonpaced animals but increased 29% and 51% in the two paced groups. Histologic studies showed some degree of muscle degeneration and atrophy in all grafts. However, morphometric studies showed relatively normal fiber diversity in paced grafts. Fiber size decreased in nonpaced grafts, indicating muscle atrophy. Perfusion studies with labeled microspheres and silicone injections demonstrated collateral circulation with the host ventricle as early as 28 days. However, total blood flow to DMGs implanted for 4 to 6 weeks averaged only 32% of the blood flow to normal ventricular myocardium. Chronic electrical stimulation of DMGs reduces muscle degeneration and atrophy and is associated with an increase in graft thickness and volume. PMID- 7256542 TI - Clinical and biochemical studies on methylxanthine-related fibrocystic breast disease. AB - The results of this study show that the consumption of methylxanthines through dietary sources appears to be associated with the etiologic development of benign fibrocystic disease in the American woman. Complete abstention from methylxanthine consumption resulted in complete resolution of the disease in 82.5% and significant improvement in 15% of those studied. Thus 97.5% showed clinical benefit from total methylxanthine abstention. The results of a clinical questionnaire answered by 500 women consuming methylxanthines, one half of whom had fibrocystic breast disease, suggest that women with fibrocystic disease may have a genetic predisposition for both benign breast disease and cancer. Biochemical studies implicate increased sensitivity of the adenylate cyclase system to catecholamines in patients with fibrocystic disease. Methylxanthines are known to increase circulating catecholamines. PMID- 7256543 TI - Measurement of lung water in inhalation injury. AB - Pulmonary inhalation injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality rates in burn victims. But the pathophysiology of parenchymal inhalation injury has not been fully elucidated. In this study, extravascular lung water volume (EVLW) was measured in burn patients with and without inhalation injury. Patients with parenchymal inhalation injury (group II) had elevated admission extravascular lung water volumes (10.12 +/- 3.43 ml/kg), whereas patients without parenchymal injury (group I) had significantly lower lung water values (3.91 +/- 1.49 ml/kg). Both accumulation of EVLW and ventilation-perfusion abnormalities in the group II patients occurred within hours of smoke inhalation. But the severity of inhalation injury did not consistently correlate with the elevation of EVLW. This indicated that both interstitial edema and ventilation-perfusion imbalance contributed, in varying degrees, to the pathophysiology of inhalation injury. In this study, the general clinical criteria for inhalation injury--presence of facial or oropharyngeal burns, carboxyhemoglobin levels, carbonaceous sputum, or closed space injury--did not differentiate patients with airway injury only from those with parenchymal injury. Patients in both groups who died of sepsis had significant (P less than 0.01) increases in EVLW 24 to 48 hours after the clinical onset of sepsis. The normal hydrostatic pressures in these septic patients suggested that the increase in EVLW observed with sepsis was due to an increase in pulmonary capillary membrane permeability. PMID- 7256545 TI - The effect of ATP-MgCl2 infusion on hepatic cell permeability and metabolism after hemorrhagic shock. AB - The ability of exogenous ATP-MgCl2 to reverse the inhibition of ATP-dependent intracellular reactions by hemorrhagic shock was studied. Levels of ornithine in the postperfusion fluid were lower in animals receiving ATP-MgCl2 than in placebo treated control animals (338.6 +/- 167.0 versus 692.1 +/- 67.2 mumol). Arginine levels were higher (399.1 +/- 130.1 versus 34.3 +/- 59.1 mumol) in ATP-MgCl2 treated animals. Ability of in vitro ATP to enter the cell and inhibit lactate formation (Crabtree effect) was significantly less in those animals receiving in vivo ATP-MgCl2 (81.4 +/- 11.1% versus 57.7 +/- 10.1%). Glutamate levels were not decreased by shock but were significantly increased by treatment with ATP-MgCl2 compared to placebo (190.5 +/- 48.8 versus 122.6 +/- 36.3 mumol). These data indicate that exogenously administered ATP-MgCl2 can reverse the inhibition of ornithine metabolism and the changes in lactate inhibition seen in hemorrhagic shock. These are both intracellular ATP-dependent reactions. PMID- 7256544 TI - Neutrophil dysfunction in sepsis. II. Evidence for the role of complement activation products in cellular deactivation. AB - Abnormalities in chemotactic and bactericidal activity have been identified in patients suffering from burn injury, trauma, and infection. Such abnormalities may lead to bacteremia or nosocomial infection. The mechanism for these abnormalities is unclear. We studied the role of chemotactic deactivation by complement component C5a in 47 patients with intra-abdominal infection and with disordered neutrophil function. Plasma C5a levels in such patients were elevated (102.1 +/- 8.3 versus 52.6 +/- 3.4 ng/ml for control subjects, P less than 0.01). There was a linear relationship between C5a and chemotaxis (r = 0.56, P less than 0.01). Examination of patients' neutrophils showed changes consistent with nonspecific deactivation. There were parallel losses of chemotaxis to N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and activated serum (C5a) (r = 0.74, P less than 0.001), chemotaxis and intracellular beta-glucuronidase (r = 0.82, P less than 0.001), and C5a and FMLP chemotaxis and (r = 0.56, P less than 0.01). Receptor assays revealed specific loss of C5a binding but intact FMLP binding. Exposure of normal neutrophils to plasma from patients with depressed chemotaxis caused similar loss of C5a receptors and loss of FMLP and activated serum-induced chemotaxis at high plasma concentrations and selective loss of activated serum response at lower concentrations. These data support the concept that a major factor leading to neutrophil dysfunction during intra-abdominal infection is nonspecific chemotactic deactivation of neutrophils after in vivo exposure to high levels of chemoattractants such as C5a. PMID- 7256546 TI - Achieving ileostomy continence with an indwelling stomal device. AB - To determine whether intermittent occlusion of a Brooke ileostomy could be tolerated and achieve continence without impairing intestinal function, we constructed such ileostomies in seven dogs. After initial assessment of ileal diameter, compliance, transit, and absorption, four dogs underwent progressively lengthening periods of ileostomy occlusion, with the use of an indwelling intraluminal device. Three dogs served as unobstructed control subjects. All dogs were restudied after 20 weeks. Both occluded and control animals remained healthy, regaining and maintaining their preoperative weights. Complete continence for gas and stool was achieved without distress during periods of occlusion up to 6 hours twice a day. After the device was removed, the ileum emptied promptly. Occluded dogs developed amore dilated, compliant distal ileum with slower transit than did the control dogs. However, ileal absorption of water, glucose, sodium, and chloride, ileal secretion of potassium, and enteric absorption of fat were not impaired by occlusion; these indices did not change during 20 weeks in occluded or control animals. We concluded that chronic intermittent ileostomy occlusion in dogs was well tolerated, achieved fecal continence, slowed ileal transit, and resulted in the formation of a functional ileal reservoir without impairing enteric absorption. PMID- 7256547 TI - Ventilation and perfusion alterations after smoke inhalation injury. AB - Previous studies of human victims of smoke inhalation injury have demonstrated retention of intravenously infused 133xenon2, 6 suggesting either: (1) true intrapulmonary shunting (Qs) secondary to alveolar collapse, flooding, or obliteration, or (2) perfusion of low ventilation/perfusion compartments (low VA/Q) secondary to bronchospasm, bronchial constriction, or partial bronchial occlusion by cellular debris. To differentiate between and quantitate the relative contribution of intrapulmonary shunt versus low VA/Q compartments, multiple inert gas analysis, as described by Wagner et al.,12 was applied to human victims of smoke inhalation. Studies of an animal model of injury were subsequently performed to confirm these observations. These experiments suggest that early alterations of ventilation and perfusion resulted from increased high VA/Q and dead-space ventilation. Late alterations included significantly increased perfusion of low VA/Q compartments and return of high VA/Q ventilation to baseline levels. True intrapulmonary shunting was notably absent. This physiologic sequence may represent early regional pulmonary vasospasm followed by regional bronchial obstruction and gradual alveolar secondary to bronchospasm, bronchial edema, or partial occlusion by cellular debris. PMID- 7256549 TI - Monitoring tissue elimination of fluorescein with the perfusion fluorometer: a new method to assess capillary blood flow. AB - Visual assessment of tissue staining after intravenous fluorescein is a common technique for predicting viability of questionably perfused tissue. The development of the perfusion fluorometer has permitted quantification of tissue fluorescein, providing increased precision. This study employed this instrument to calculate fluorescein elimination from rats with and without raised dorsal pedicle flaps. Control animals exhibited homogeneous patterns of fluorescein elimination consistent with first-order kinetics. Elimination in experimental animals was assessed after the animals received full back skin flaps with the cephalad pedicle remaining intact. Three distinct patterns of elimination were noted in each flap. In the cephalad portion, elimination was similar to control. At the caudad end, no elimination was noted. Midflap, fluorescein was eliminated slowly. These elimination patterns predicted ultimate viability 14 days postoperatively, as they correspond to viable, dystrophic, and transitional sections, respectively (P less than 0.001). We conclude that perfusion fluorometry can assess capillary flow in healthy and ischemic tissue by documenting elimination as well as delivery of fluorescein. PMID- 7256550 TI - The role of altered extrahepatic biliary function in the pathogenesis of gallstones after vagotomy. AB - Several clinical studies have documented an increased incidence of gallstones after truncal vagotomy. Previous laboratory studies, however, have failed to establish a clear mechanism for this phenomenon. Whereas lithogenic bile is a prerequisite for cholesterol cholelithiasis, gallbladder stasis has also been shown to be a critical factor in stone formation. We tested the hypothesis that truncal vagotomy alters extrahepatic biliary function by performing either sham laparotomy or truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty in the prairie dog. After operation, animals were fed a trace-cholesterol (nonlithogenic) diet for 3 months. In acute terminal experiments gallbladder bile was collected for determination of lithogenic index (LI). Resistance to flow through the sphincter of Oddi and cystic duct as well as gallbladder compliance were then determined. Sphincter of Oddi resistance was significantly elevated at 3 months after vagotomy (P less than 0.03). Cystic duct resistance, however, did not change significantly after vagotomy and pyloroplasty. Gallbladder compliance was significantly reduced in vagotomized animals (P less than 0.03). Gallbladder bile was unsaturated in both sham (LI = 0.47 +/- 0.09) and vagotomized animals (LI = 0.52 +/- 0.12), and gallstones did not develop in either group. Increased resistance to flow through the sphincter of Oddi after truncal vagotomy may represent the initial step leading to a gallbladder dilatation, bile stasis, and, ultimately, gallstone formation. PMID- 7256548 TI - Effects of pulmonary vascular recruitment on gamma scintigraphy and pulmonary capillary protein leak. AB - Pulmonary vascular recruitment (PVR) was altered and lung-heart radioactivity ratio (L:H) measured using 99mTc-tagged human serum albumin (Tc-HSA) in five dogs each by inflating a left atrial balloon (LAB) to produce a 20 mm Hg pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) or opening a 5 mm diameter aortoinferior caval shunt (ACS) before and after oleic and injury. Cardiac output (CO), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), and PCWP were measured with each alteration in PVR. In an additional 10 dogs, multiple doses of Tc-HSA, administered over 5 hours, 2 hours after 0.1 ml/kg oleic acid, produced parallel "slopes of injury" over the 5 hour period. Each rise in PVR was associated with an acute increase in L:H but demonstrated no significant increase in slope after equilibration. Closure of the ACS or LAB deflation returned the L:H to projected baseline. A "slope of injury" (P less than 0.001) was seen after the administration of oleic acid, which was significantly (P less than 0.01) steeper with an increased PVR. This was confirmed by repeat doses of Tc-HSA. This study confirmed the following hypotheses: (1) the "slope of injury" curves were reproducible so that the effects of experimental interventions on the rate of protein leak could be determined; (2) the L:H rapidly became constant after an acute change in PVR prior to oleic acid injury: and (3) a raised PVR would increase the rate of albumin leak after pulmonary microvascular injury. PMID- 7256551 TI - Improved neurologic function after cerebrovascular accident with extracranial intracranial arterial bypass. AB - This study, by use of direct measurement, sought to investigate the role of diminished cerebral blood flow on neurologic function after cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Twenty-seven patients had mean middle cerebral artery pressure (MCAP) measured intraoperatively prior to a superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass. The ratio of MCAP to mean systemic blood pressure (BP) was less than 0.500 in 11 patients. Six of these 11 had preoperative neurologic deficit and four of these six had improved neurologic function after revascularization. In 16 patients the MCAP/BP was greater than 0.500, and none of the seven patients with neurologic deficit improved postoperatively. In general, the MCAP/BP correlated well with the angiographic severity of cerebrovascular disease. In 16 patients, unsuitable for conventional bypass, autogenous saphenous vein was used as a bypass from the subclavian or other extracranial artery to a cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery. One cerebral death and one CVA occurred postoperatively early in the series, but there have been no untoward events since deep barbituate anesthesia has been used. Diminished cerebral blood flow after CVA may leave a pool of viable but nonfunctional neurons. Extracranial intracranial bypass may improve neurologic function in such patients. PMID- 7256554 TI - Wood, one of nature's challenging composites. PMID- 7256552 TI - Biomechanics: the last stronghold of vitalism. PMID- 7256555 TI - Silks--their properties and functions. PMID- 7256553 TI - Fracture. PMID- 7256556 TI - Theories of rubber-like elasticity and the behaviour of filled rubber. PMID- 7256557 TI - The theory of viscoelasticity in biomaterials. PMID- 7256558 TI - The mechanical properties of plant cell walls. PMID- 7256559 TI - The mechanical behaviour of composite materials. PMID- 7256560 TI - Articular cartilage. PMID- 7256561 TI - Deformation in tendon collagen. PMID- 7256562 TI - An electron microscope study of the calcareous network in bone. PMID- 7256564 TI - Biomaterials as foods. PMID- 7256563 TI - Correlation of hatching techniques in some avian species with the mechanical properties of their eggs. PMID- 7256565 TI - Structure and mechanics of tendon. PMID- 7256566 TI - Deformation of slender filaments with planar crimp: general theory and applications to tendon collagen. PMID- 7256568 TI - Creep testing of isolated cervix from pregnant rats. PMID- 7256567 TI - The Cuverian tubules of Holothuria: design for successful failure in a collagenous system. PMID- 7256570 TI - The hardness of locust incisors. PMID- 7256569 TI - Biological thixotropy-the unifying factor in basement membrane function. PMID- 7256571 TI - Small-scale tensile tests. PMID- 7256572 TI - Mechanical properties of mollusc shell. PMID- 7256573 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of a chronic abdominal ischemic syndrome]. PMID- 7256576 TI - [Disorders of cardiac rhythm and conductivity in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7256574 TI - [Prolonged treatment of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with a cytostatic agent and prednisolone and a combination of a cytostatic agent, prednisolone an anticoagulant and an antiaggregant]. PMID- 7256575 TI - [Age-specific features of blood lipid and lipoprotein contents in patients with hypertension]. PMID- 7256577 TI - [Phagocytic function of neutrophils in amyloidosis]. PMID- 7256578 TI - [Unithiol therapy of patients with secondary amyloidosis (preliminary report)]. PMID- 7256580 TI - [Hemodynamics and the immune response in alcoholic patients]. PMID- 7256581 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of teaching pathology of the cardiovascular system to 4th year students of a dental school: survey using twofold questionnaires]. PMID- 7256579 TI - [Hemochromatosis and alcohol]. PMID- 7256582 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of ultrasonic scanning in biliary tract and liver diseases]. PMID- 7256583 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of 2 forms of echinococcosis of the liver]. PMID- 7256584 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and the heart]. PMID- 7256585 TI - [Blood fibrinolytic system in health subjects and elderly patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7256587 TI - [Interrelation between the hemodynamic shifts and body oxygenation levels during hypotensive therapy of middle-aged and elderly patients with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7256586 TI - [Responses to the treatment test and blood lipid levels in a selected group of 40 to 50-year-old males]. PMID- 7256588 TI - [Difficulties in diagnosing subacute forms of bacterial endocarditis in middle aged and aged patients]. PMID- 7256589 TI - [Improvement of health care and geriatrics]. PMID- 7256590 TI - [Ectopic ACTH syndrome]. PMID- 7256591 TI - [Clinical effectiveness of human somatotropin in the treatment of nanism]. PMID- 7256592 TI - [Diagnosis of overt forms of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7256593 TI - [Levels of immunoglobulins A, M, G, E and titers of complement and insulin antibodies in young diabetic patients]. PMID- 7256594 TI - [Level of sulfhydryl compounds in the blood of diabetics]. PMID- 7256595 TI - [Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of modern antiulcer drugs]. PMID- 7256596 TI - [Effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on the dynamics of the phase structure of right ventricular systole in diabetics]. PMID- 7256597 TI - [Work capacity and characteristics of homeostasis in patients with metabolic alimentary obesity]. PMID- 7256598 TI - [Bronchological treatment of chronic nonspecific lung diseases with bronchospastic syndrome]. PMID- 7256599 TI - [Allergic and infectious lung diseases in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7256600 TI - [Clinico-anatomical aspects of current theories of pulmonary emphysema]. PMID- 7256601 TI - [Blood prostaglandins in patients with obstructive lung diseases and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7256602 TI - [Case of alveolar microlithiasis]. PMID- 7256603 TI - [Case of alveolar proteinosis]. PMID- 7256604 TI - [Blood coagulability and fibrinolysis in chronic nonspecific lung diseases treated with acetylsalicylic acid combined with euphylline or strophanthin]. PMID- 7256605 TI - [Early diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension by a bloodless method in patients with diffuse chronic pneumonia complicated by obstructive pulmonary emphysema]. PMID- 7256607 TI - [Differential diagnosis of pneumonia and uremia pulmonary edema in patients with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7256606 TI - [Arterial pressure and elasticity of the arteries in neurocirculatory asthenia]. PMID- 7256608 TI - [Erosive lesions of the gastric mucosa in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7256609 TI - [Use of the mathematical method of analysis for evaluation of the severity, effectiveness of treatment, prognosis and detection of complications of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7256610 TI - [Myocardial infarct in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7256612 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course and treatment of various internal diseases complicating opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 7256611 TI - [Expert testimony in the evaluation of work capacity of patients with Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7256613 TI - [Paragonimiasis in the Primorye Territory - a cause of eosinophilic pneumonia, pleurisy and hypereosinophilic reactions of blood]. PMID- 7256614 TI - [Functional characteristics of the heart in patients with chronic pneumonia living in the northeastern part of the USSR]. PMID- 7256615 TI - [Indications for levamisole therapy of infectious inflammatory lung diseases]. PMID- 7256616 TI - [Treatment of bacterial pneumonia]. PMID- 7256618 TI - [Use of thermography in the diagnosis of pneumonia]. PMID- 7256621 TI - [Significance of the changes in pulmonary diffusing capacity and its components in evaluating initial respiratory disorders in chronic non-obstructive bronchitis]. PMID- 7256619 TI - [Maximal expiratory flow-volume curves in the diagnosis of obstructive lung diseases]. PMID- 7256617 TI - [Possibilities of early diagnosis of protracted pneumonia and its transition to the chronic form]. PMID- 7256620 TI - [Various problems of the etiology and clinical course of acute bacterial pneumonia]. PMID- 7256623 TI - [Functional characteristics of hemodynamics in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7256622 TI - [Mechanism of respiration during exercise in patients with nonspecific lung pathology]. PMID- 7256624 TI - [Organization of treatment services for patients with sepsis]. PMID- 7256625 TI - [Molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of intestinal diarrheas]. PMID- 7256626 TI - [Treatment of generalized forms of meningococcal infection with sulfalene meglumine]. PMID- 7256627 TI - [Determination of myoglobin concentration in the blood--method of early diagnosis of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7256628 TI - [Immunologic examination of patients with rheumatic heart defects during immunosuppressant therapy]. PMID- 7256630 TI - [Myoglobin in the urine in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7256629 TI - [Selection of hypertensive patients for long-term diuretic therapy]. PMID- 7256631 TI - [Respiratory disorders in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 7256632 TI - [Effect of stimulation of the phagocytic properties of neutrophils in the differential diagnosis of cancer and chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7256633 TI - [Lymphocytopheresis in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7256634 TI - [Effectiveness of treating patients in a pre-infarct state]. PMID- 7256635 TI - [Anti-stress effect of neuroleptoanalgesia in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7256636 TI - [Echocardiographic and integral rheographic study of the hemodynamic effect of pharmacologic treatment of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7256637 TI - [Principles of differential treatment in emergencies]. PMID- 7256638 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on breathing rate and ventilatory indices in patients with cardiac arrythmias]. PMID- 7256639 TI - [Changes in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of men in the subacute period of a myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7256640 TI - [Pre-asthma, signs which threaten the development of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7256641 TI - [Perfusion scanning of the lungs in acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7256642 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties and certain rare etiologies of pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 7256643 TI - [Effect of cardiac glycosides on the state of the hemodynamics of the pulmonary and systemic circulations of bronchial asthma patients during an episode of dyspnea]. PMID- 7256644 TI - [Use of physical factors in the complex treatment of acute lung abscesses]. PMID- 7256645 TI - [Complex emergency treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7256647 TI - [HLA-antigens and life span of acute leukemia patients]. PMID- 7256648 TI - [Systemic sclerosis with a rapidly progressing course]. PMID- 7256646 TI - [Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis]. PMID- 7256649 TI - [Transformation of a microfocal myocardial infarct into a macrofocal infarct- variant of exacerbation of ischemic heart disease (features of the clinical picture and prognosis)]. PMID- 7256650 TI - [Liver function disorders in exotoxic shock and their treatment]. PMID- 7256651 TI - [Early enzymatic diagnosis of toxic lesions of the liver in acute poisonings]. PMID- 7256653 TI - [Complex evaluation of hemodynamic disorders in clinical toxicology]. PMID- 7256652 TI - [Clinical picture, diagnosis, and intensive treatment of the hepatorenal syndrome in carbon tetrachloride poisoning by inhalation]. PMID- 7256654 TI - Teratogenic effects of mescaline, epinephrine, and norepinephrine in the hamster. AB - Mescaline was administered orally at doses of 16 and 32 mg/kg on the seventh through tenth days of gestation to pregnant cream-strain hamsters. This treatment resulted in a dose-dependent effect on reproductive success and skeletal ossification. The effect of mescaline on reproductive success included an increased number of resorptions resulting in a decreased litter size. The 32 mg/kg dose of mescaline caused 48.8% resorptions, while 16 mg/kg and control animals had 12.0% and 6.4% resorptions, respectively. Litter size was decreased from 12.0 pups in controls to 10.3 (16 mg/kg) and 6.5 (32 mg/kg) pups per litter in treated groups. No gross abnormalities were observed at necropsy; there was, however, a dose-dependent increased delay in the ossification of the skull, sternum, and metatarsals. Both epinephrine and norepinephrine caused a decrease in reproductive success when administered at 500 micrograms/kg. Epinephrine appeared to cause a trend toward preimplantation wastage as indicated by an increased corpora lutea to implantation site ratio (from 1.3-1.9). Norepinephrine, however, caused an increased number of resorptions (29.1% in controls). Both norepinephrine and epinephrine produced similar delays in ossification. PMID- 7256655 TI - The facial features of holoprosencephaly in anencephalic human specimens. I. Historical review and associated malformations. AB - At least 19 human anencephalic specimens have been published which have the facial features of holoprosencephaly. All categories of holoprosencephaly are represented except ethmocephaly, the rarest form. Because of current scientific and clinical interest in both neural tube defects and holoprosencephaly it seems important to establish whether or not this association occurs by chance alone. The study of human embryos with holoprosencephaly by Matsunaga and Shiota ('78) and the anencephalic collection of Lemire et al ('78) suggests the association may be real. PMID- 7256656 TI - The facial features of holoprosencephaly in anencephalic human specimens. II. Craniofacial anatomy. AB - The craniofacial anatomy of two anencephalic human specimens with the facial features of holoprosencephaly is reported. Many of the malformations have distinctly holoprosencephalic or anencephalic features. Absence of the entire ethmoid complex, observed in both specimens of the present study, has rarely been described and, to our knowledge, has never been confirmed histologically. The significance of agenesis of the ethmoid bone in the development of normal and holoprosencephalic facial features has not been considered previously. On the basis of several morphological variations in the two specimens described, it is evident that the ethmoid bone provides integral support in multiple planes for tissues of the median face. It is postulated that the spatial relationships of the bony and soft tissue components of the median face are guided and maintained by the ethmoid complex during morphogenesis. Specifically, hypotelorism and superiorly displaced structures of the nose and upper lip may well represent migration of embryonic tissues into areas normally occupied by the ethmoid bone. Absence of the sella turcica and pituitary gland is ascribed to the holoprosencephalic process. A variant of choanal atresia, due to collapse of the pterygoid plates, is described. PMID- 7256657 TI - Diazepam-induced neural tube closure defects in explanted early chick embryos. AB - The effects of diazepam on the development of explanted stage 4 chick embryos were investigated. Diazepam, at 10-120 micrograms/ml, preferentially inhibited closure of the neural tube. This effect was reversible. Concentrations of 150-200 micrograms/ml inhibited not only neural tube closure but also blastodermal expansion, somite formation, and heart development in 52% of the embryos. Concentrations above 200 micrograms/ml were highly embryotoxic. Electron microscopy of affected neuroepithelial cells revealed that 1) apical surfaces were much smoother than usual and 2) apical filament bundles, which are generally thought to provide motive forces for uplifting of neural folds, were not well organized and often lacked alternating dark and light areas along their length. These findings and the fact that changes in cell surface topography reflect the contractile activities of underlying filament bundles suggest that the observed "smoothing" effect on apical cell surfaces and neural tube closure defects are due, at least in part, to the impaired ability of these filament bundles to contract. PMID- 7256658 TI - Fetal ear malformations induced by maternal ingestion of thalidomide in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata). AB - Gross malformations of the external, middle, and internal ear were seen in fetal monkeys following maternal ingestion of thalidomide. Twenty-five pregnant bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) were each given a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg of thalidomide on day 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, or 29, or 30 mg/kg on day 25 or 28 of gestation. (Day of mating is assumed to be day zero of pregnancy). The skeletons, processed and stained with Alizarin Red S, were examined for changes in configuration and/or ossification of the ossicles and temporal bones. Bilateral temporal bones of one case, treated on day 24, were sectioned at 10 microns and examined histologically. Twelve fetuses collected at 70 +/- 3 days of gestation showed no gross ear defects, while 10 out of 13 fetuses collected at 100 +/- 3 days of gestation had structural anomalies similar to those observed in humans. All malformations were severe in fetuses treated on day 24 of gestation and lessened in degree of severity with treatments on days 25-28. Fetuses treated on day 29 were normal. External ear anomalies included microtia with meatal atresia or stenosis, and varying degrees of auricular hypoplasia. Defects of the middle ear were predominantly hypoplasia of malleus, incus, and tympanic ring. Fused ossicles and cochlear and vestibular window abnormalities were only seen in animals treated on day 24. The internal ear exhibited petrosal hypoplasia and delayed ossification of the lateral aspect of the lateral and posterior semicircular canals. Cochlear, vestibular, semicircular, and transcapsular canal defects were confirmed histologically in one case. PMID- 7256659 TI - Teratogenic effects of proline analogue L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid in hamster fetuses. AB - The teratogenic effects of L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (LACA) were evaluated in hamsters. Single or multiple intraperitoneal injections of LACA were given on gestational days 7-12. Fetal weights were significantly reduced in several LACA treated groups as compared to controls. The frequency of external anomalies was significantly higher than controls in only two LACA-treated groups: 7.2% in 600 mg/kg on day 12 and 9.6% in 200 mg/kg/day on days 10-12. Subcutaneous hemorrhage and cleft palate were the most frequently occurring externally visible defects. Skeletal anomalies such as retarded ossification, synchronous vertebral ossification and shortening of bones were found in a high percentage of LACA treated fetuses. The major teratological effect of LACA appeared to be the retardation of skeletal development. PMID- 7256660 TI - Modification of the teratogenicity and mutagenicity of cyclophosphamide with thiol compounds. PMID- 7256661 TI - Pathogenesis of bromodeoxyuridine-induced polydactyly. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of BUdR on day 11 or 12 of rat gestation produced preaxial polydactyly of the hindlimb. The pathogenesis of this deformity differed from that of other polydactyly regimes in that drug-induced mesenchymal necrosis was not an essential feature. Likewise an altered pattern of physiological necrosis was not an essential feature. Likewise an altered pattern of physiological necrosis in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) was not evident in hindlimbs of BUdR-treated embryos. In keeping with earlier studies, a zone of physiological necrosis within the preaxial mesoderm thought to be instrumental in controlling preaxial digitation was abolished. Speculation has focused on the incorporation of BUdR into these prospectively necrotic cells as the means by which they survive. Support for this idea is gained from the protective effect of concomitant thymidine administration, which presumably prevents BUdR incorporation. PMID- 7256662 TI - Vascular hypervolemia and hematoma formation in chick embryos treated with trypan blue. AB - The relationship between cardiovascular disturbances and the formation of hematomas in trypan blue-treated chick embryos was investigated. Hematocrits from Hamburger-Hamilton stage 15 and 16 embryos (8-10 hours after treatment at stage 13) were obtained. The hematocrit value from the treated embryos was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than the values from controls. Unopened and saline-injected control values were not significantly different (P greater than 0.05). We interpret this to mean that there is excess circulating fluid volume in the treated embryos. The results of direct injection of measured volumes of fluid into the cardiovascular system of normally developing embryos (stages 15 and 16) provided evidence to suggest that the caudal dorsal aortae are susceptible to fluid-induced distension and rupture. PMID- 7256663 TI - Zinc deficiency and anencephaly in Turkey. PMID- 7256664 TI - Comments on "a Turner-like phenotype in the aborted fetus". PMID- 7256665 TI - Response to comments on "a Turner-like phenotype in the aborted fetus". PMID- 7256666 TI - Camps for children with diabetes. PMID- 7256667 TI - What risk partial mastectomy? PMID- 7256668 TI - Acute pulmonary blastomycosis acquired in West Texas. PMID- 7256669 TI - Distal thromboembolectomy: a useful procedure. PMID- 7256670 TI - Screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. PMID- 7256671 TI - Prohibitions against lay control of medical practice. PMID- 7256672 TI - Physician distribution: what the numbers mean. PMID- 7256673 TI - Childhood infectious diseases in adults. PMID- 7256674 TI - Campylobacter enteritis-an important cause of diarrhea. PMID- 7256675 TI - Chorioamnionitis due to Haemophilus parainfluenzae. PMID- 7256677 TI - Do you have a silent partner who "doctors" your books? PMID- 7256676 TI - Aspirin products and TV commercials. PMID- 7256678 TI - Exclusive contracts and hospital-based physicians. PMID- 7256679 TI - Oscillatory phenomena in a model of infectious diseases. PMID- 7256680 TI - The detection of particular genotypes in finite populations. I. Natural selection effects. PMID- 7256681 TI - The detection of particular genotypes in finite populations. II. The effects of partial penetrance and family structure. PMID- 7256682 TI - Kin selection and strong evolutionary stability of mutual help. PMID- 7256683 TI - [The preparation of the operative site (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256684 TI - [Antibiotics prophylaxis in gynecologic and obstetrical surgery]. PMID- 7256685 TI - [Thromboembolism prophylaxis in gynecologic and obstetrical surgery]. PMID- 7256686 TI - [Prophylaxis and therapy of intestinal complications in surgical gynecology]. PMID- 7256687 TI - [Postoperative bladder complications after gynaecological surgery--prophylaxis and treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256689 TI - [The preoperative measures in tubal microsurgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256688 TI - [Anesthesiologic particulars specific to gynecologic and obstetrical surgery]. PMID- 7256690 TI - [Hepatitis prophylaxis for medical personnel in gynecologic and obstetrical surgery]. PMID- 7256691 TI - [Legal problems posed by patient consent]. PMID- 7256692 TI - [Quality control in gynecology and obstetrics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256693 TI - [Study on the short-term treatment of vaginal mycosis with econazole (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256694 TI - A physiologic regulator of collagen-induced platelet aggregation: inhibition by Clq. AB - Platelet aggregations were studied by a turbidimetric method in citrated human platelet-rich plasmas (PRP) in vitro. Human Clq inhibited the aggregations caused by collagens derived from different tissues and species. Clq was needed by weight in comparable quantities to collagen for neutralizing the aggregating effect. The dependence of the inhibitory reaction on the preincubation of platelets with CLq and the differences in the occurrence of aggregating substances in supernatants of PRP triggered with collagen in the presence or absence of Clq, confirmed that Clq exerts its effect by preventing fixation of collagen to platelets. In addition, the high specificity of the inhibitory action of Clq for collagen induced platelet aggregation was demonstrated by results obtained for testing a variety of aggregating agents in combination with Clq and/or collagen. Since normal concentrations of Clq in the blood are in the range of inhibitory doses of Clq for collagen-induced platelet aggregations in vitro and upon activation of complement Clq is known to dissociate from Cl, it is proposed that Clq may participate in a highly specific manner in regulating platelet reactivity in collagen in vivo. PMID- 7256695 TI - Inhibition of the platelet reaction by a high molecular weight phosphoglycoprotein isolated from human platelet plasma membranes. AB - The effect of phospho-glycoprotein (HMW-GP), obtained from human platelet plasma membranes, on the aggregation and secretion of human platelets was studied. Incubation of PRP with 4 to 16 micrograms/ml of HMW-GP results in inhibition of ADP-, Epinephrine-, Collagen-, and Thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. The effect is mainly reflected on the secondary wave of aggregation. The inhibitory effect is partially overcome by higher concentrations of inducers, however, even under these conditions, a clear tendency towards disaggregation is observed. 5HT release (Col-induced) is strongly decreased from 50% to 4.5. The inhibitory effect on Thrombin-induced aggregation is markedly dependent on external calcium, being maximal at 5 mM calcium. The HMW-GP does not bind ADP or Thrombin. Membrane conformation is markedly affected, as evidenced by the effect of HMW-GP on the iodination of surface polypeptides of intact platelets. It is suggested that interaction of HMW-GP with the platelet membrane blocks the signal(s) transmission that links stimulus to activation. The inhibition observed might just represent an experimental amplification of the endogenous modulatory function that has been proposed for this high molecular weight phosphoglycoprotein. PMID- 7256697 TI - Heparin excretion in intact and hepatectomized rats. AB - Metabolism and kinetics of 3H-heparin were compared in intact and hepatectomized rats. Rats were divided into three groups: 1) intact rats with biliary fistulas and cystostomies 2) intact rats with only cystostomies and 3) hepatectomized rats with cystostomies. Radioactivity in blood, bile and urine besides anticoagulant activity in blood and urine were examined. In addition, column chromatography of urine was used to isolate possible metabolites. Seventy percent and 80% of the radioactive dose was found in the urine of intact rats at 24 hr and 48 hr. Close to 5% of the radioactivity was found in bile or rats with a biliary fistula after 48 hr. The APTT declined to near normal values at 1 hr whether rats had a biliary fistula or not. In contrast, only 25% of the radioactivity could be exerted into the urine of hepatectomized rats in 24 hr; the APTT did not decline as fast and at 5 hr, it was still 100 seconds. Only one radioactive component could be isolated on chromatography from all urines of these animals and appears to be similar to the original heparin. Thus, the liver has no important role to play in regulating the anticoagulant effects and excretion of heparin. PMID- 7256696 TI - Effect of aspirin and dipyridamole on the interaction of human platelets with sub endothelium: studies using citrated and native blood. AB - The effect of aspirin and dipyridamole ingestion on the interaction of platelets with the subendothelium was studied using both citrated blood and directly sampled (native) blood. After obtained control studies, normal human subjects ingested 0.6 g of aspirin, 150 mg of dipyridamole, or a placebo and studies were repeated 1 1/2 hrs later. Subjects continued on placebo, aspirin (0.6 g b.i.d.) or dipyridamole (100 mg q.i.d.) for 6 days and studies were obtained 1 1/2 hrs after the last dose. Blood was circulated through an annular chamber on whose inner core were mounted everted segments of de-endothelialized rabbit aorta. The wall shear rate was 2,600 sec(-1). Surface coverage with adherent platelets and platelet thrombi, as well as several parameters of thrombus dimensions, were evaluated morphometrically. Aspirin ingestion markedly reduced platelet thrombi in citrated blood,--but had a much lesser inhibitory effective in native blood. Platelet adhesion was unaffected in native blood, in contrast to previous findings in which a lower shear rate (800 sec (-1)) was used. Ingestion of dipyridamole did not inhibit platelet adhesion or thrombi in either citrated or native blood. The studies indicated that, with the flow conditions used, aspirin is a relatively weak inhibitor of platelet thrombus formation in directly sampled human blood. PMID- 7256698 TI - Plasma and platelet lipid composition and platelet aggregation by arachidonic acid in women on the pill. AB - Sensitivity to induction of platelet aggregation by arachidonic acid (AA) and changes in plasma and platelet polyunsaturated fatty acid distribution were studied in seven women before and after six months of oral contraceptive (OC) treatment with a combination of d-norgestrel (0.25 mg) and ethinylestradiol (0.05 mg). Special interest was focused on AA because certain metabolites of fatty acid induce platelets to aggregate and are considered to play a crucial role in thromboembolic processes. In plasma, AA concentrations increased slightly, but significantly, in both the free fatty acid (FFA) and phospholipid fractions; in platelets AA increased in the phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions. The threshold aggregating concentration (TAC) of AA was significantly reduced in platelets of women after six months of OC treatment (0.65 +/- 0.08 versus 0.30 +/ 0.04 mM). This suggests that changes in platelet fatty acid composition may be associated with in vitro changes in platelet sensitivity to AA. Such changes may contribute to the thrombotic tendency associated with OC treatment. PMID- 7256699 TI - Automation of a kinetic factor x assay. PMID- 7256700 TI - Cerebral thrombosis in a haemophiliac. PMID- 7256701 TI - Microaggregates and the optical shape change analysis of platelets. PMID- 7256702 TI - Additional evidence against the presence of inhibitors in vit. K deficiency and in coumarin-treated patients. PMID- 7256703 TI - Microaggregates and the optical shape change analysis of platelets. PMID- 7256704 TI - [Norwegian medicine today]. PMID- 7256705 TI - [Norwegian medicine in the year 2000]. PMID- 7256706 TI - [Clippings from the Tidsskrift through the years]. PMID- 7256707 TI - [The journals of the medical associations of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Conversation among 4 editors]. PMID- 7256708 TI - [What has been the significance of this journal for the general practitioner and hospital physician?]. PMID- 7256709 TI - [Readers' opinions about the Tidsskrift in 1980]. PMID- 7256710 TI - [Humor in science and medicine]. PMID- 7256711 TI - [The modern society - a special request to the specialist press]. PMID- 7256712 TI - [Lekmann's view on the Norwegian medical profession-not a tale of envy]. PMID- 7256714 TI - A norwegian centenary. PMID- 7256713 TI - [Prof. Axel Strom, physician. Interview by Ole K. Harlem]. PMID- 7256715 TI - [Osteomyelitis in the limbs of dogs and cats. A radiographic review (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256716 TI - [The veterinarian versus intensive livestock husbandry. An interview with Professor G. Wagenaar]. PMID- 7256717 TI - [Dark, firm and dry meat in beef bulls I. Appearance and significance (author's transl)]. AB - Beef bulls are constantly being slaughtered in a state of fatigue as the adaptability of these animals to stress factors is not taken into sufficient account during transport to and housing and management in the slaughter-house. This results in inadequate glycogen reserves in the muscular tissues at the time of slaughter, inadequate glycolysis and, finally, insufficient pH fall in the meat. The meat of these animals may become dark and syrupy, so-called DFD (dark, firm and dry) meat. In 1975, the losses caused by DFD meat, usually resulting from conditional approval, were calculated at approximately Dfl. 466,000,-. The prospective studies reported in the present paper were designed: --to determine the extent to which DFD meat is present in beef bulls in the Netherlands by taking samples in a number of slaughter-houses; --to make a rough inventory of the relationship between the presence of DFD meat and ante-mortem factors such as transport, housing and care of the animals. A total number of 845 bulls were examined in three slaughter-houses. These included forty-five older bulls as it appeared to be advisable also to collect a number of data on this group of animals. pH24 measurements were made in the adductor, triceps brachii and longissimus dorsi muscles. Of 800 beef bulls, 11.9 per cent showed an unduly high pH level in the adductor muscle, viz. a level of 6.2 or over. The situation may be improved by limiting transport to the shortest possible distance and adjusting treatment of the animals during and after transport. Moreover, it would appear desirable either not to rest the animals before slaughter or to rest them for a period of 24 hours. PMID- 7256718 TI - [Field studies on the incidence of damage to the liver caused by migrating Ascaris larvae in baconers and its treatment (author's transl)]. AB - A preliminary report on some results of a deworming trial. Of a large number of pig-breeding farms, ten were selected for a deworming trial in the integrated groups of Deurne and Aarle-Rixtel during a period of preliminary investigation from May 30, 1973 to December 2, 1973. The proportion of livers condemned on six of these commercial pigbreeding farms was higher than the average reported by the Central Bureau of Statistics. A difference in growth of 40 grams daily between baconers without white spots and those with totally involved livers was recorded. The anthelmintics dichlorvos, levamisole and mebendazole produced a marked improvement in daily growth and reduced the degree to which the liver was involved. Levamisole was obviously the most effective agent. The most satisfactory results are obtained on administration of anthelmintics at the time when fattening is started. The results obtained when the course of anthelmintic treatment is repeated, are not any better than those obtained in a single course of treatment. PMID- 7256720 TI - [Multiple-year plan 1982-1986: developmental plan of the Coordinating Commission for Parasitologic Research]. PMID- 7256719 TI - [Feline rhinotracheitis in stray cats; to vaccinate or not to vaccinate?]. AB - Report on a controlled field trial in an animal home housing both stray cats and animals which were boarders. In this home, a vaccine containing live attenuated feline herpes and calici viruses for intranasal administration was inoculated. The purpose of the trial was to find out why this vaccine which had been very successful in this animal home during the past years, showed disappointing results in stray cats in recent months. The necessary practical measures were taken to ensure that the required procedure should be complied with, i.e., every stray cat was vaccinated on the day of admission and was then held in quarantine for at least 24 hours. In the first group of fifty stray cats, only some local reactions following vaccination were observed. When vaccination was discontinued, feline rhinotracheitis became enzootic in non-vaccinated cats within a month. A second group of forty-five stray cats was then vaccinated with equally satisfactory results. It was found that feline rhinotracheitis can be controlled in stray cats even under enzootic conditions by intranasal vaccination on the day of admission and then holding the cats for at least 24 hours in quarantine. PMID- 7256721 TI - [The status of practicing veterinarians in the breeding of fattening calves in the Netherlands]. PMID- 7256722 TI - Gluconeogenesis from glycerol and alanine in thyrotoxicosis. AB - Gluconeogenesis in thyrotoxicosis was studied by oral glycerol-loading test and alanine-loading test performed on 5 normal subjects and 5 cases of thyrotoxicosis. The blood glucose levels in thyrotoxicosis rose after the administration of glycerol deposit elevation of the plasma levels of insulin. After the administration of alanine, the levels of IRI, pyruvate and lactate elevated in thyrotoxicosis. In normal subjects, the plasma levels of glucose, IRI, pyruvate, or lactate did not change significantly after glycerol or alanine load. PMID- 7256723 TI - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for free thyroxine in serum compared with equilibrium dialysis method. AB - Serum free thyroxine (T4) was measured by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay in various thyroid states and in those associated with changes in serum T4-binding proteins. And it was compared with the value obtained by product of total serum T4 and of per cent free T4 by equilibrium dialysis. Serum free T4 concentrations were found to be 1.34 +/- 0.33 ng/100 ml (mean +/- S.D.) in 51 normal subjects, 5.02 +/- 1.41 ng/100 ml in 29 hyperthyroid patients, 0.16 +/- 0.15 ng/100 ml in 12 hypothyroid patients, and the value in each individual of the latter two groups was significantly different from normal. Serum free T4 was normal of 1.23 +/- 0.22 ng/100 ml in 7 pregnant women and all had free T4 levels within the normal range. Moreover, five out of six patients with decreased thyroxine-binding globulin had normal free T4 levels, though their mean value (0.85 +/- 0.20 ng/100 ml) was significantly lower than the normal value. An excellent correlation (r = 0.93) was observed between values for serum free T4 obtained by the present method and those by the equilibrium dialysis method. The simplicity, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of this assay render it highly attractive for routine clinical determination. PMID- 7256724 TI - A new variant of Lowe oculocerebrorenal syndrome. AB - A case is reported of a 5-year-old boy with Lowe syndrome. The patient was unusual in that he had only mild and transient acidosis with no rickets. The corneal opacities in the parents suggest that this disease might be autosomal recessive. PMID- 7256725 TI - Measurement of triiodothyronine in urine. AB - A radioimmunoassay procedure to measure triiodothyronine (T3) in unextracted urine is described. One hundred microliter of T3 standards or samples were incubated with 100 microliter of T3 antiserum (1:40,000), 100 microliter of tracer 125I-T3 and 700 microliter of 0.05 M borate buffer, pH 8.6. Separation of free from bound antigen was achieved by dextran coated charcoal. The cross reaction of L-T3 with L-T4 in this assay system was less than 0.2%. Dilution of high T3 urine was parallel to the standard curve. Recovery was 101 +/- 8%. Coefficients of variation were 3-8% within each assay and 13% between assays. Euthyroid subjects excreted 0.81 +/- 0.39 microgram (mean +/- S.D.) in 24 hr. Similar values were obtained in pregnant women, euthyroid patients with chronic thyroiditis, and a patient with thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency. Excretion of urinary T3 was high (7.48 +/- 3.32 microgram/24 h) in patients with hyperthyroidism, and low (0.14 +/- 0.15 microgram/24 hr) in patients with hypothyroidism. Urinary T3 excretion was almost undetectable in terminal renal failure. Positive correlations were found between urinary T3 and serum total T3 (r = 0.89) and especially serum free T3 (r - 0.97). A positive correlation was also found between urinary T3 and creatinine clearance (r = 0.63). Mean urinary clearance of T3(CT3=Urinary T3 excretion/serum free T3 was 166 ml/min and was significantly higher than their mean creatinine clearance (110 ml/min). The measurement of T3 in urine is reliable and easy to perform, and may allow a new approach to the understanding of thyroid hormone metabolism. PMID- 7256726 TI - The effect of hematocrit on photoelectric plethysmogram. AB - In order to study the effect of hematocrit (Ht) on the photoelectric plethysmograms of fingers and toes, an experimental model study and a clinical study were carried out. Experimentally, it was found that the height of the plethysmograms increased when the values of Ht were lowered. In the clinical study, 3 groups of patients with different HT values ranging from 27 to 55% were examined. A reverse relationship was found between the Ht value and pulse height of the plethysmogram. The physical effects of the blood flow and contents upon the plethysmograms were discussed. PMID- 7256728 TI - The isolation of Vibrio alginolyticus from a patient with acute entero-colitis. AB - Vibrio alginolyticus was isolated from the "rice water" diarrheal stool of a female patient with acute entero-colitis, and from the trout roe which she ate. Subsequently, it was clearly demonstrated that, besides of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus was also enteropathogenic for humans. Additionally, we described the difference in the colony formation on some commercial thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agars when Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio cholerae were tested. PMID- 7256729 TI - Division of patent ductus arteriosus by "isthmus taping method". AB - "Isthmus taping method" as the safe and simple technique for division of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), along with surgical and follow-up results were reported. 175 patients with PDA and without other cardiac anomalies were operated by this technique. Most of the patients were operated by junior surgeons as a first step in cardiac surgery. The left chest was entered through posterolateral thoracotomy in the third or fourth intercostal space. Tapes were placed around the isthmus of aorta and PDA. Intercostal arteries were not divided. PDA was divided in-between Potts' clamps. Pulmonary and aortic stumps of the PDA were closed with two rows of continuous over and over suture. Of the 175, one patient (0.6%) with pulmonary hypertension died of postoperative respiratory failure. No surgical hazards of bleeding were noted. No deaths were noted among 131 patients without pulmonary hypertension. Follow-up results in 174 patients up to 14 years were excellent. PMID- 7256727 TI - Effects of a glucoside-hydrolase inhibitor (Bay g 5421) on serum lipids, lipoproteins and bile acids, fecal fat and bacterial flora, and intestinal gas production in hyperlipidemic patients. AB - Significant decrease in serum very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins was observed after Bay g 5421 trial (300 mg/day for 6 weeks) in 14 hyperlipidemic patients. Although no significant changes were demonstrated in serum fractions of bile acids, the alteration in the patterns of fecal bacterial flora including the increase in obligate anaerobes was observed after the trial and this was accompanied by the increase in fecal fat excretion. Thus, the possible change in the intestinal bile acid metabolism with the altered flora may lead to an increased catabolism of cholesterol and to the reduction of serum low density lipoproteins. The meteorism developed in several patients but its etiology was shown to be independent of the patterns of the pre-trial bacterial flora and diet composition. PMID- 7256730 TI - A new method of blood galactose estimation for mass screening of galactosemia. AB - A new method for quantitative determination of galactose in blood by fluorescence of NADH was described. The assay system consisted of beta-galactose dehydrogenase, NAD, buffer and a denatured blood disc (3 mm diameter), and the reaction was carried out for 1 hr at 37 degrees C. Denaturation of hemoglobin was accomplished by exposing the blood disc to a vapor of formic acid in an air-tight container; this procedure completely eliminated false positive cases of galactosemia. This method can be applied in a wide range of galactose concentration from low (0 mg%) to high levels (200-1,000 mg%) with the accuracy of 8.0 +/- 0.3 mg% from a coefficient of variation of 3.5%. Semi-quantitative assay was also possible by using a spot test like Beutler's method. The galactose content in one disc paper (3 mm diameter) of blood containing 5 mg% galactose is approximately 0.1 micrograms. The newly developed method is satisfactorily applicable in neonatal mass screening and clinical cases. PMID- 7256731 TI - Excretion pattern of urinary glycosaminoglycans from orthopedic patients. AB - To obtain a clue for the metabolic disorder of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in connective tissue diseases, a screening test for excretion pattern of urinary GAG was applied to urines from orthopedic patients. The results showed a wide variety of excretion pattern of urinary GAG from various orthopedic patients. Several cases gave irregular bands. Also, most cases of bone tumor showed abnormal excretion patterns different from the normal range of percent distribution of bands 1, 2 and 3. The data suggested abnormal metabolism of GAG in these diseases. Percent distribution of band 1 or bands 1 + 2 tended to increase in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), suggesting an elevation of the metabolic rate of chondroitin sulfates in RA. In cases of other orthopedic diseases, a half of them showed an abnormal excretion pattern of urinary GAG, but the excretion pattern of the remaining ones was within the normal range. PMID- 7256732 TI - Regulation of lipase activities in rat brain in vitro. AB - Regulation of acid and neutral lipase activities in rat brain was examined in vitro. Both activities were decreased by SDS, CuCl2 and ZnCl2 and by delipidation. The neutral lipase activity was also markedly reduced by N ethylmaleimide and PbCl2. The activity of delipidated preparation was increased by addition of phosphatidyl choline at both pH 5.5 and 7.5 and by phosphatidyl serine at acidic pH value. Pretreatments of the enzyme preparation with phospholipase A and trypsin reduced the lipase activities at both pH values. It is suggested that phospholipids play an important role on lipase activity in brain. PMID- 7256733 TI - Regional arterial infusion of an anticancer drug combined with direct hemoperfusion. AB - The capacity of activated charcoal to adsorb anticancer drugs, Mitomycin C, Adriamycin and Bleomycin was examined in vitro in a closed circuit through a perfuser containing uncoated activated charcoal. Samples were obtained from the inlet and outlet of the perfuser every 30 min. As in vivo experiments, regional arterial infusion of anticancer drugs combined with direct hemoperfusion was performed on dogs. In 20 male mongrel dogs a polyethylene catheter was indwelt in the internal iliac artery and anticancer drugs were infused through the catheter for 1 hr. By using the femoral vessels for the blood access, direct hemoperfusion was performed for 3 hr. The adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal was high in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. These results indicate that regional arterial infusion of anticancer drugs combined with direct hemoperfusion would be useful for preventing their toxicity. PMID- 7256735 TI - Neonatal hepatitis and extrahepatic biliary atresia in the same sibship. AB - An instance of the rare occurrence of neonatal hepatitis and extrahepatic biliary atresia in the same sibship is reported. The older brother with neonatal hepatitis developed jaundice at the age of 4 days and had clay-colored stools from early infancy. Cholangiography by exploratory laparotomy at the age of 3 months showed a normal bile duct pattern. After laparotomy, jaundice rapidly disappeared, and stools became yellow. His liver function has been normal since age 6 months to the present (6 years old). The younger brother developed jaundice and clay-colored stools at the age of 1 month. The diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary atresia was made at laparotomy at the age of 4 1/2 months. Hepatojejunostomy was performed with successful bile drainage, although he had frequent attacks of ascending cholangitis since operation. These cases support a recent hypothesis that neonatal hepatitis and extrahepatic biliary atresia may be produced by the same disease process. PMID- 7256734 TI - Thyrotropin-dependence of the distribution of peroxidase in rat thyroid gland. AB - After male rats were injected daily with propylthiouracil, whale thyrotropin, or thyroxine for several days, the thyroid glands were examined for their ultrastructural localization of peroxidase. The propylthiouracil treatment caused a marked increase in the number of round, peroxidase-positive vesicles in the apical and middle regions of cytoplasm, and brought about a formation of granular reaction products in the colloid lumen adjacent to the elongated microvilli. Such changes became evident after 2 days of the drug treatment and increased with the time of the effect, until the whole colloid lumen was filled with the reaction products and very elongated microvilli. The effect of exogenous thyrotropin was essentially similar, to a lesser degree, to the drug effect mentioned above. The thyroxine treatment diminished the population of the small vesicles, as usually seen in the case of normal rat thyroids. When the thyroids of thyrotropin stimulated and unstimulated rats were homogenized and fractionated into particulates fractions and a soluble fraction, almost all the peroxidase activity was contained in the former in both cases. Based on these results, the dynamics and the physiological role of the intracellular peroxidase are discussed. PMID- 7256736 TI - Lipid composition of adipose tissue from "membranous lipodystrophy". AB - The lipid composition of the adipose tissue from the bone marrow and that of the subcutaneous depot fat of four patients of membranous lipodystrophy were investigated. It was found that the lipid composition of the samples from the cases of membranous lipodystrophy was almost similar to that in controls. Also discussions were made on mechanism related to the accumulation of abnormal depot fat. PMID- 7256737 TI - Effect of exposure to cold on pantothenic acid metabolism in rat liver. AB - Exposure to a cold environment increased the incorporation of labeled pantothenic acid (PaA) into the liver and total PaA content. These increases were mainly due to an increase of free coenzyme A (CoA). The specific activity of the free CoA fraction was particularly high. These results suggest that exposure to a cold environment accelerates the rate of synthesis of CoA from PaA in the liver. PMID- 7256738 TI - Cardiac effects of clonidine on isolated dog atria. AB - The effect of clonidine on pacemaker activity and contractility was studied in the isolated dog atrium which was perfused with arterial blood of the support dog. Clonidine caused dose-dependent negative chronotropic and inotropic effects, and a large dose of clonidine slightly suppressed the positive chronotropic and inotropic responses to norepinephrine and sympathetic cardiac nerve stimulation (5 and 30 Hz) but not consistently. PMID- 7256740 TI - The interference effect of simultaneous vocalization on reaction time of hand and foot. AB - Reaction times (RTs) of 14 normal subjects were examined in two tasks; the extension of the right middle finger, or of the right toe or the vocalization responding to the sound stimulation (single tasks), and the simultaneous responses of the two mentioned above (simultaneous tasks). RT of each part was longer on the simultaneous response than on the separate one. Slowing of the vocal response combined with the foot was larger than that with the hand and slowing of the foot with the vocalization was larger than that with the hand. The results were interpreted as indicating that the slowing of RT in the simultaneous responses should occur at the levels of the premotor associations, including the basal ganglia and cerebellum, but not at the level of the motor cortex. PMID- 7256739 TI - Bile acid composition affecting cholesterol dissolution rate: a use of multiple regression analysis. AB - The dissolution rate of cholesterol in human gallbladder bile was measured by a rotating-disk method using 14C-labeled cholesterol, and was compared with concentrations of the biliary lipids. Computed multiple regression analysis of the results showed that the dissolution rate of cholesterol could be presented as a function of the concentrations of deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acid (multiple correlation 0.905; F-value 51.8 (p less than 0.001)). To examine the effect of different kinds of bile acids on cholesterol solubilization, the cholesterol solubility in a gallbladder bile with addition of a conjugated bile acid was determined. Greater solubilization of cholesterol was observed in the bile with addition of sodium deoxycholylglycine and chenodeoxycholylglycine than that with addition of sodium cholylglycine. There was no additional enhancement of the solubility with addition of sodium ursodeoxycholylglycine. These results suggest that the cholelitholytic effect of chenodeoxycholic acid may be greater than that of ursodeoxycholic acid, since the administration of chenodeoxycholic or ursodeoxycholic acid to patients with cholesterol gallstones induced different alterations of biliary bile acid composition. PMID- 7256741 TI - New morphological findings on platelets in Bernard-Soulier syndrome. AB - Bernard-Soulier Syndrome is characterized morphologically by many giant platelets in the peripheral blood. However, the mechanism of large platelet production has not yet been clarified. Our electron microscopic examinations revealed that some platelets have two or three definite circumferential bundles of microtubules, whereas no pathological findings were obtained in the liberation of platelets from megakaryocytes by light microscopy. From these observations, we consider that the giant platelets of Bernard-Soulier Syndrome are formed by fusion of two or three platelets while they are circulating in the peripheral blood stream. PMID- 7256745 TI - Toe-to-hand transfer--Our method and indication. PMID- 7256744 TI - Stimulatory effect of ouabain on catecholamine synthesis in bovine adrenal medullary slices. PMID- 7256743 TI - Perineurioma. A distinctive form of the peripheral nerve tumor. PMID- 7256742 TI - 'Nephritic factor' may be an autoantibody to C3b or C4b. AB - We attempted to clarify the character of 'Nephritic Factor' in the alternative (NeFA) and classical pathways (NeFC) of the complement, using an agglutinating and a hemolytic activity assay. The results suggested a possibility that NeFA and NeFC were different in their ability but might appear at the same time in some cases, and that NeFA was anti-C3b autoantibody and NeFC anti-C4b autoantibody. PMID- 7256746 TI - The development of free bodies in joint cavities due to synovial chondromatosis. PMID- 7256747 TI - Temperature in the interface between bone and acrylic bone-cement. PMID- 7256748 TI - Behavioral and lethal effects of combinations of oral ethanol and inhaled 1,1,1 trichloroethane in mice. PMID- 7256749 TI - Decreased gastrointestinal ulcerogenicity of chlordimeform, a basic anti inflammatory agent. PMID- 7256750 TI - Uptake, metabolism, and elimination of methylene chloride vapor by humans. PMID- 7256751 TI - Effect of exercise or smoking on the uptake, metabolism, and excretion of methylene chloride vapor. PMID- 7256752 TI - Toxic effects of benzene and benzene metabolites on granulopoietic stem cells and bone marrow cellularity in mice. PMID- 7256754 TI - Severe coagulopathy in young chickens produced by ochratoxin A. PMID- 7256753 TI - Decreased in vivo acetaldehyde oxidation and hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition in C57BL and DBA mice treated with carbon tetrachloride. PMID- 7256756 TI - Precision delivery of small volumes of liquids to very young avian embryos. II. Description of the injection system. PMID- 7256757 TI - A stimulation model describing the metabolism of inhaled and ingested selenium compounds. PMID- 7256755 TI - Thiamin (vitamin b1) effects on lead intoxication and deposition of lead in tissues: therapeutic potential. PMID- 7256758 TI - Acute toxicity of fluorocarbon-22: toxic symptoms, lethal concentration, and its fate in rabbit and mouse. PMID- 7256759 TI - Acute toxicity of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in the F344 male rat. I. Dose- response relationships and differences in routes of exposure. PMID- 7256760 TI - Induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation by the administration of acetylsalicylic acid. PMID- 7256761 TI - Acute toxicity of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in the F344 male rat. II. Development and repair of the renal, epididymal, testicular, and hepatic lesions. PMID- 7256764 TI - Acute and chronic dose/response effect of benzene inhalation on the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen cells of CD-1 male mice. PMID- 7256762 TI - Vitamin E protection against in vivo lipid peroxidation initiated in rats by methyl ethyl ketone peroxide as monitored by pentane. PMID- 7256763 TI - A proposed mechanism of benzene toxicity: formation of reactive intermediates from polyphenol metabolites. PMID- 7256765 TI - Influence of concentration and rate of intravenous administration on the toxicity of cyclohexanone in beagle dogs. PMID- 7256766 TI - Structure-activity correlations of amines inhibiting active uptake of paraquat (methyl viologen) into rat lung slices. PMID- 7256767 TI - Standardization and calibration of whole-body autoradiography for routine semiquantitative analysis of the distribution of 14C-labeled compounds in animal tissues. PMID- 7256769 TI - Effects of beryllium compounds on rat liver Kupffer cells in culture. PMID- 7256768 TI - Effects of sodium selenite on the cytotoxicity of dental amalgam. PMID- 7256770 TI - Pulmonary mechanics in guinea pigs: repeated measurements using a nonsurgical computerized method. PMID- 7256772 TI - Partitioning of zinc and copper in fetal liver subfractions: appearance of metallothionein-like proteins during development. PMID- 7256771 TI - In vivo metabolism and excretion of propoxur and malathion in the rat: effect of lead treatment. PMID- 7256773 TI - Biotransformation of the immunomodulator, 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-3 hydroxythiazolo[3,2a]benzimidazole-2-acetic acid, and its relationship to thyroid toxicity. PMID- 7256774 TI - The effect of various types of inducing agents on hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activity in rainbow trout. PMID- 7256775 TI - Relationship between catalysis and toxicological properties of three phospholipases A2 from elapid snake venoms. PMID- 7256777 TI - 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: acute oral toxicity in hamsters. PMID- 7256776 TI - Rapid depression of rat liver microsomal calcium pump activity after administration of carbon tetrachloride or bromotrichloromethane and lack of effect after ethanol. PMID- 7256778 TI - Depression of metallothionein in fetal rat liver following maternal cadmium exposure. AB - Pregnant rats were injected subcutaneously on day 10 of pregnancy with 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 or 3.0 mg cadmium/kg and sacrificed at term (day 21). There were no fetal or maternal deaths following the cadmium exposure with the exception of the e.0 mg/kg level where a 54% fetal mortality rate was observed. At doses of 1.0 mg/kg or less, non-specific parameters of fetal toxicity including body weight, crown-rump length, and liver weight were not significantly different from control values. The same was true of term placental weight as well as maternal weight gain over the 48-h treatment period. Following gel-filtration of hepatic cytosols from control fetuses, over 70% of the endogenous cytosolic zinc was associated with a peak previously described as metallothionein. It was found that cadmium exposure at sub-lethal doses caused a depression in both total cytosolic zinc and metallothionein-bound zinc levels in the fetus, whereas both these parameters increased in the maternal liver. In vitro cadmium saturation prior to gel filtration revealed that the cadmium-binding capacity of the metallothionein peak was significantly reduced at all dosage levels in the fetus but increased in maternal liver. These findings suggest that maternal administration of cadmium can depress fetal metallothionein levels and cytosolic zinc levels at doses which do not produce overt fetal toxicity. This reduction in fetal metallothionein is in sharp contrast with the well established finding of induction of metallothionein seen in the adult following exposure to cadmium. PMID- 7256779 TI - A comparison of the effects of paraquat and diquat on lung compliance, lung volumes and single breath diffusing capacity in the rat. AB - Paraquat intoxication in its initial stage is characterized histologically in the lungs by atelectasis, hyaline membrane formation, alveolar edema and vascular hemorrhage often into the interstitium or air spaces. Information on the functional modification of paraquat-damaged lungs has been lacking. We evaluated lung volumes, single breath diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and static lung compliance (Cst(L)) in rats treated with paraquat or diquat. Measurements were made 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Paraquat by intratracheal (i.t.) instillation 0.5 mg/kg or by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) 27 mg/kg significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) the body weight, total lung capacity (TLC), functional residual capacity (FRC), vital capacity (VC), residual volume (RV), DLCO, apparent alveolar volume (VA) and Cst(L). At a lower dose level (13.5 mg/kg), the effects of paraquat peaked at about 24 h following treatment, causing a significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) VC and TLC. Diquat i.t. or i.p. had little effect on the lungs. However, diquat i.p. decreased body weight (P less than 0.01) and caused a slight increase (P less than 0.05) in VC. The data obtained are consistent with the known pathological changes seen in paraquat-damaged lungs in that, by both routes, paraquat caused severe lung damage associated with decreased elasticity of the lungs and thorax, destruction of gas exchanging alveolar surfaces, and edema. These changes were detected reliably by lung function measurements. PMID- 7256780 TI - Cumene hydroperoxide-mediated lipid peroxidation in rat alveolar macrophages following induction of phospholipidosis with chlorphentermine. AB - Rats were treated for 4 weeks with chlorphentermine hydrochloride (30 mg/kg, i.p., 5 days/seek), a regimen which causes a profound phospholipidosis in the alveolar macrophages (AMs). The susceptibility of these lipid-laden cells to lipid peroxidation was examined and compared to AMs from control (untreated) rats. Lipid peroxidation was induced in cells in vitro by incubation with cumene hydroperoxide (10(-5) M--10(-3) M). A dose dependent increase in malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) formation was observed with both populations of AMs. Two to three times more MDA was found in lipidotic AMs than controls at the higher dose of cumene hydroperoxide. Under these conditions, less loss of cellular viability resulted with the lipidotic AMs than controls. The partial depletion of reduced glutathione in the cells led to an even greater MDA formation by both cell-types with the lipidotic AMs being more markedly affected. Both populations of AMs experienced a greater loss of viability associated with loss of reduced glutathione with the control AMs showing more toxicity than the lipidotic cells. Therefore, while the induction of phospholipidosis renders AMs more suspectible to lipid peroxidation, they show less of a loss in cellular viability than control cells. The previously reported augmentation in the antioxidant defense mechanisms in the lipidotic cells may be partially responsible for these results. PMID- 7256781 TI - Movement of mercury in rat submaxillary slices. AB - The movement of 203Hg2+ (as HgCl2) was studied in slices of rat submaxillary gland. A steady-state distribution was reached within 60 min. N2 or metabolic inhibitors (2,4-DNP, NaCN, NaF or ouabain) failed to decrease tissue uptake. Increasing the concentration of Hg2+ produced a corresponding increase in tissue metal. Decreasing the incubation temperature decreased uptake. Cd2+ and Fe2+ decreased uptake by Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ were without effect. Efflux experiments indicated a firm binding of Hg2+. The data suggest a passive uptake for hg2+ with unsaturable, temperature-sensitive binding sites in the interior of the cell. PMID- 7256782 TI - Allylamine cardiotoxicity: III. Protection by semicarbazide and in vivo derangements of monoamine oxidase. PMID- 7256784 TI - Reduced prevalence and growth rate of urethane-induced lung adenomas in ageing adult strain A mice. AB - Following administration of 1.0 mg of urethane/g body wt the average diameter and prevalence of lung adenomas in adult strain. A mice were found to be progressively smaller in animals of progressively greater age at initiation of treatment. Reduction of tumor diameters below detectibility in animals in the older treatment groups could not account for the concurrent reduction in prevalence. Explanations for the observed data in ageing animals based on considerations of reduced immunocompetence or on decreased urethane metabolism or distribution were also considered insufficient. Possible mechanisms for the observed data are discussed. PMID- 7256783 TI - Divergent effects of propranolol and furosemide pretreatment on acute cardiomyopathy induced by minoxidil in beagle dogs. AB - Previous studies have shown that oral administration of minoxidil on 2 consecutive days produces an increase in heart rate and myocardial necrosis in Beagle dogs. Propranolol treatment (1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg every 8 h) did not abolish tachycardia and did not alter the incidence or severity of minoxidil-induced necrosis. In the present studies, pretreatment with either furosenmide (10 mg/kg) or hydrochlorothiazide (250 mg/kg) reduced serum potassium levels. However, only furosemide (for 11 days) reduced significantly the incidence of minoxidil-induced necrosis; only 2 of 10 animals (20%) developed myocardial lesions compared to 11 of 14 (79%) in the non-treated group. The incidence and severity of lesions in hearts from animals treated with furosemide for 3 days or hydrochlorothiazide for 11 days were essentially the same as in animals given minoxidil alone. Thus, furosemide, under certain conditions, can reduce the incidence of acute ventricular lesions induced by minoxidil. PMID- 7256785 TI - Structural and biotransformational membrane changes in the liver and intestine during chronic ethanol administration. AB - The binding of a fluorescent probe 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulphonic acid (1,8 ANS) to liver microsomal membranes was markedly increased after chronic ethanol administration while the binding of a non-ionised probe phenylnaphthylamine (PNA) was not altered. The increase in 1,8-ANS binding is in accordance with the simultaneous increase of the ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase activity and cytochrome P-450 concentration. Also the intestinal ethyoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase activity and cytochrome P-450 concentration were increased. No changes in the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase or UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities were found. The chronic ehtanol administration increased the phospholipid amount in the liver microsomes and altered the fatty acid composition of microsomal phospholipids by decreasing the amount of oleic acid and increasing linoleic acid proportion. The data suggest that chronic ethanol administration may effect the biotransformation enzyme activities by changing the structural properties of the membranes as well as increasing the cytochrome P-450 concentration. PMID- 7256786 TI - The heart and diaphragm: target organs in the neonatal death induced by nitrofen (2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether). AB - This paper examines the effects of in utero exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenyl-p nitrophenyl ether (nitrofen) on the viability of neonatal Long-Evans rats. Oral administration of this herbicide on days 8-18 of gestation reduced neonatal survival and birth weight. Day 11 of gestation was the most sensitive day for induction of neonatal mortality; 116 mg/kg to the dam on this day was the LD50 for the neonate. An increased incidence of hydronephrosis was observed in 35-day survivors. This increase was dose-related in animals exposed on day 11 of gestation. Fetuses exposed on day 11 and examined at term had reduced weights, delayed skeletal ossification, and an increased frequency of hydronephrosis and diaphragmatic hernias. While nitrofen did cause a high incidence of hydronephrosis, BUN or creatinine levels in 4-h neonates were not elevated. Detailed examination of the hearts of term fetuses revealed cardiac malformations classified as ventricular septal defect, double outlet right ventricle, and transposition of the great vessels. We conclude from these studies that the heart and the diaphragm are the target organs in nitrofen-induced neonatal death. PMID- 7256787 TI - Effect of DDT on adipose tissue lipolysis in rat. AB - The effect of acute (600 mg/kg body wt) and chronic (15 mg/kg body wt/day for 45 days) 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) treatments of albino rats on the lipolytic activity of the adipose tissue was studied. There was no effect on the rate of glycerol release on incubation of isolated epididymal fat pads of the treated animals when compared to that of controls. Similarly, in vitro addition of DDT (10-4M) (35.4 ppm) to the fat pads did not alter their lipolytic response. Noradrenaline (NA) stimulated lipolysis, in fat pads, was also unaffected by in vitro addition of DDT. Basal as well as NA or caffeine stimulated lipolysis in isolated fat cells also remained unchanged in the presence of DDT over a range of concentrations from 10-8 M to 10-4 M. PMID- 7256788 TI - Simultaneous exposure of Chinese hamsters to ethanol and cigarette smoke: cytogenetic aspects. AB - Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus) were treated with ethanol, with cigarette smoke and with both. During the experimental period of 12 weeks a control group of animals (c) received water ad libitum, another water drinking group received a cigarette smoke treatment during the last 4 weeks (S). Another group received 20% (v/v) ethanol during the whole experimental period as the only liquid supply (E), and one group with the same ethanol treatment was simultaneously treated with cigarette smoke during the last 4 weeks of the experiment (ES). The investigation of bone marrow cells after 12 weeks with regard to chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges revealed no effects. A high mitotic activity was found in the smoke treated groups. PMID- 7256789 TI - In vitro studies on the intestinal absorption of curcumin in rats. AB - When everted sacs of rat intestines were incubated with 50-750- micrograms of curcumin in 10 ml incubation medium, 30-80% of the added curcumin disappeared from the mucosal side. No curcumin was however detectable in the serosal fluid. Less than 3% of the added curcumin was found in the tissue at the highest concentration. In experiments with [3H[ curcumin, 5-6% of added radioactivity was found in the serosal side. TLC examination of the mucosal extract showed the presence of 2 compounds, 1 corresponding to curcumin and the other to a less polar, colourless compound. The serosal fluid had no curcumin but a compound whose RF was identical with the colourless compound present in the mucosal side. These experiments indicated that curcumin undergoes transformation during absorption from the intestine. PMID- 7256790 TI - Toxicology investigations with cell culture systems. AB - This review concerns some of the cell culture systems that are most frequently used in toxicology investigations. In particular, it sets out to evaluate the effectiveness of these cell culture systems in assessing the toxic potential of chemicals. Metabolic studies and general and specific toxicology investigations are highlighted. Specific toxicology investigations relate to the effects of the tests substances on the highly specialized functions typical of the cell systems chosen. The general toxicology investigations include most of the other studies where differentiated or undifferentiated cells have been used to evaluate the effects of the tested substances on common basic biochemical processes essential for life. Lastly, we have attempted to focus attention on the most promising applications of cell cultures in toxicology studies for the near future and to identify those areas where further research is needed. Because of the several excellent reviews that already exist, we have decided not to consider cell cultures utilized in screening potential mutagens and carcinogens. We have also excluded investigations of drug therapeutic effects and action mechanisms of drugs. PMID- 7256791 TI - Anti-alcohol action of hepaticoactivator (NKK-105) on motoricity and EEG in experimental animals and man. AB - The effects of a hepaticoactivator, diisopropyl 1, 3-dithiol-2-ylidene malonate (NKK-105), on motoricity and EEG were observed int he rat, mouse, cat and man. NKK-105 suppressed the effects of ethanol (1,000-3,000 mg/kg, p.o., in mice and rats), e.g. the blood alcohol concentration of NKK-105 treated subjects was significantly lower than that of untreated controls. NKK-105, in 100-300 mg/kg p.o. doses, significantly extended the clinging time on a glass rod, and the swimming time. Results indicate that NKK-105 inhibits the effects of alcohol, possibly by hepatic action, and to a lesser extent (neuro) motor activity, by reducing temulence. NKK-105 clearly exhibited anti-alcohol action (metabolic facilitory action) on EEG activity in experiments on cats and man. Almost complete blocking of alcohol action occurred in acute and chronic cats after NKK 105 (100 mg/kg, p.o., or 5-10 mg/kg , i.v.) treatment. It especially inhibited increased amplitude and/or increased slow components in cat neocortex recordings. Most human subjects showed similar results. It is concluded that the anti-alcohol action of NKK-105 seen in the EEG seems to be primarily a liver function, and secondarily a (neuro) motor function. PMID- 7256792 TI - Clinical evaluation of 117 patients with Sjogren's syndrome. AB - The clinical entity of Sjogren's syndrome was limited to exocrine gland involvements in the present study, and 117 patients fulfilling this criterium were evaluated clinically to clarify the features of this syndrome. The following conclusions were obtained. (1) Frequent overlapping of this syndrome with other autoimmune diseases was observed, (2) This syndrome was demonstrated in young patients and middle-aged as well as postmenopausal patients. (3) Some of systemic manifestations demonstrated in patients with associated diseases were also observed in many patients without definite associated diseases. (4) Various hematological and serological abnormalities were demonstrated even in patients without associated diseases, and therefore, the participation of either a chronic inflammatory or immunologic process was suggested in this syndrome. (5) In patients with associated diseases, influence of the associated diseases was prominent in accordance with the patients' age, systemic manifestations and serological abnormalities. (6) The subclinical nature of sicca symptoms in young patients, as well as the delayed advancement of glandular involvement in this syndrome, were suggested. (7) Different entities were suggested in some patients with only lachrymal involvement. PMID- 7256793 TI - Study on erythrocyte lipids and osmotic fragility in elderly people with anemia. AB - Hospitalized aged patients suffering from a sequelae of cerebral vascular disorders accompanied by anemia were studied to clarify the relationship among the osmotic fragility of red blood cells, plasma lipids and the phospholipids fraction of erythrocytes. As a result, with a decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, each lipid fraction of plasma decreased remarkably and the phospholipid composition ratio of erythrocytes was disturbed. In accordance with the fluctuation of the lipid fraction of erythrocytes, increases in osmotic fragility of erythrocytes and in resistance to osmotic lysis were observed. PMID- 7256794 TI - Influence of pantethine on platelet volume, microviscosity, lipid composition and functions in diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia. AB - The in vivo effects of pantethine were investigated on serum lipids and platelet lipid and platelet functions in 31 diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia. Pantethine decreased cholesterol from 236 +/- 62 mg/dl (M +/- SD) to 217 +/- 51 mg/dl (p less than 0.01) and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol from 40 +/- 11mg/dl to 43 +/- 15 mg/dl. The diabetic platelets were larger when accompanied by higher microviscosity that healthy platelets. The characteristics of lipid composition in diabetic platelets were high levels of free cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride, cholesterol ester, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitoleic acid/palmitic acid and low levels of the molar ratio of free cholesterol/phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, oleic acid, arachidonic acid and oleic acid/stearic acid. Pantethine normalized these values of fatty acids to the control levels, and concomitantly reduced significantly the hyperaggregation of platelets induced by 10(6) M ADP and the hyper-ADP release reaction from platelets when exposed to 2 microgram of collagen, and made the volume smaller and the microviscosity lower after oral administration. From these data, it was concluded that pantethine normalized the abnormalities of serum lipids as well as platelet lipid compositions and subsequently reduced the hyper-aggregation and hyper-release reactions through the changes of volume and microviscosity of the platelets in diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia. PMID- 7256795 TI - Computer assisted medical record retrieval system. AB - A medical record retrieval system for access to patients' records has been developed as the first step toward constructing a medical record data base. Since retrieval is a logical process, a logical system was used to describe the retrieval conditions. For access to a patient set having a number of medical data of interest, the patients concerned are taken as one set for each data item. and a logical computation is carried out between several selected sets to obtain the required set. The retrieval conditions can be designated in two categories, admission and history, thus enabling quite flexible retrieval condition to be described. Since retrieval is one-line, the major file key was introduced to reduce response time and file access frequency. PMID- 7256796 TI - Experimental posterior subcapsular cataracts-with special reference to 1-beta-D arabinofuranosyl-cytosine (Ara C)-induced cataracts. AB - Experimental posterior subcapsular cataracts were induced by the action of 1-beta D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine (ara C) and vincristine sulfate (VCR) in the rat crystalline lens. Differences between these two types of cataracts observed by light microscopy were degenerative necrosis of the anterior capsular epithelial cells (in the ara C-induced cataract), and the transdifferentiation phenomenon of the lens epithelial cells (VCR-induced cataract). Transformation of the epithelial cells and subsequent abnormal cellular differentiation (transdifferentiation) could be the primary trigger in he development of cataracts. PMID- 7256797 TI - Effect of plant alkaloid against the action of herpes simplex type 1 in experimental corneal herpes in rabbits: the effect of an aqueous extract of Coptis japonica Makino against herpes simplex. PMID- 7256798 TI - The dynamics of clindamycin-2-phosphate in vivo and its transfer to tissues. AB - Studies were conducted on clindamycin-2-phosphate, a preparation of clindamycin CLDM developed for injection, and the following results were obtained. 1) The concentration of CLDM phosphate and lincomycin (LCM) in sera were measured in rabbits following continuous intravenous infusion of 20 mg/kg over a 60 minute period, and the results were compared in a crossover test. 2) The concentration of CLDM phosphate in the oral tissues of rabbits following continuous intravenous drip infusion of 20 mg/kg over a 60 minute period was found to be a maximum in the submaxillary gland (21.1 microgram/g), followed by the liver, submaxillary lymph nodes, sera and tongue. The concentration of LCM was found to be the highest in the submaxillary gland (20.2 microgram/g), followed by the submaxillary lymph nodes, tongue, sera and liver. 3) The metabolism of CLDM phosphate in vivo was investigated using TCL. CLDM phosphate was found to metabolize to CLDM N-demethyl CLDM in vivo. 4) The peak concentration of CLDM phosphate in human sera following intravenous drip infusion of 600 mg over a 60 minute period averaged 11.9 microgram/ml, while the average concentration of LCM in sera under identical circumstances was approximately twice that of CLDM phosphate. PMID- 7256799 TI - Hospitalization of disabled Metropolitan employees according to annual income. PMID- 7256800 TI - Longevity of Presidents, Vice Presidents, and unsuccessful candidates for the Presidency. PMID- 7256802 TI - [Cases of industrial diseases and radiation exposure. Proceedings]. PMID- 7256801 TI - Measles, mumps, and rubella. PMID- 7256803 TI - [Results of radiologic and combined surgical and radiologic treatment of oropharyngeal carcinomas (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given on therapy results of 99 cases of oropharyngeal carcinoma (ICD 146) treated between 1971 and 1979. The healing rate is 80% for the NO stades I and II, 47% for stade III and 37% for stade IV. About one third of all patients of all stades were exclusively irradiated, about two thirds were submitted to a combined surgical and radiologic treatment. The authors study the time after which local recurrences are appearing and describe different irradiation methods. The combined treatment seems to be superior to primary radiotherapy even in NO stades. PMID- 7256804 TI - Approach to the irradiation of extensive cervical and upper thoracic spinal astrocytoma. AB - Intramedullary spinal cord tumors are relatively rare, especially to the extent presented in this report. A 31-year-old woman had been diagnosed as having in inoperable astrocytoma, grade I-II, involving the entire cervical spinal cord and two upper thoracic segments. After decompressive laminectomy, she was referred for a radical course of radiation therapy. An irradiation technique was devised which allowed treatment of a single cylindrical volume of tissue encompassing the known tumor. Field fractionation with undesirable gaps and/or excessive dose to overlying normal structures were avoided. To the cervical spinal cord she received 5590 cGy in 29 fractions over 42 days. By this schedule she received at the same time 4820 cGy to the medulla oblongata and 4880 cGy to the upper thoracic cord. Partial neurological improvement occurred at the end of the treatment. The treatment approach is discussed in the background of the literature data. PMID- 7256805 TI - [Metastasis to the lymph nodes from an occult primary tumor: aspects of diagnostics and therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Sixty-one patients with lymph node metastases and occult primary tumor are reported. The patients were analyzed with respect to age and sex, as well as to the histologic diagnosis of the lymph nodes examined. In 24 of these patients, the primary tumor was found later; in 12 of these, not until autopsy. Site and histologic type of the lymph node metastases permit conclusions about the primary tumor. Treatment of the metastasis by surgery or irradiation ist indicated in order to hinder expansion and, in cases of late discovery of primary tumor, to take advantage of the remaining chances for a cure. The prognosis is unfavorable when the primary tumor remains undiscovered. In our patient group, the average survival time following confirmation of a lymph node metastasis was only 25 months. Lymph node metastases in the neck region are a special case. Here, the occult primary tumor ist sometimes cured in connection with surgery and/or irradiation of the cervical region. PMID- 7256807 TI - [Use of a microcomputer system in radiotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report their experiences with the successful use of a microcomputers system in radiotherapy. A self-developed programme allowing the calculation of depth dose and irradiation times in telecobalt therapy is given as an example for the application of this system. The authors put stress on a simple handling (video dialogue) and a written documentation. The programme can easily be modified for the use of other telecobalt devices. PMID- 7256806 TI - [Serum thyroglobulin (S-hTG): a tumor marker in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256808 TI - CRE calculations for different combined radiation therapy schemes of uterine cervical carcinoma. AB - The CRE concept is not applicable to the assessment of the effect of combined radiotherapy when external and intracavitary radiations are given alternately and with unequal doses. Because of the numerous recurrences, we had to change our radiation treatment schemes for carcinoma cervix uteri, and we attempted, on a theoretical basis, to acquire the same biological effects as Joslin with his own method. In the comparison of different schemes we used as slightly modified approximate CRE and the "nominal dose" presented by Kellerer. In this paper we have presented the treatment schemes we used and the methods for calculating the biological effect in combined treatments. Moreover, we have examined the applicability and compatibility of the above methods in comparing the effects of different combined radiation treatment schemes. PMID- 7256809 TI - A modified dose monitoring system in remote afterloading therapy of carcinoma of the uterine cervix using semi-conductor dosimeter. AB - A dose monitoring system in high dose rate intracavitary remote afterloading therapy of carcinoma of the uterine cervix using semi-conductor dosimeter was developed in July 1979 at our department. During early experience with the above system, extremely high values of mgh as well as high doses to rectum and bladder were encountered in the cases with poor local anatomy or unsuitable application. Solving this problem, such limitations as to the mgh as well as point-A dose were added to the computerized rapid processing system for the pretreatment dose calculation and correction of the treatment parameters to adjust the point-A dose to within +/- 5% of the planned dose. In the majority of the cases treated with Ralstron, this modified dose monitoring system brought considerable success in the optimization of point-A, mgh, rectal and bladder doses, in a simple manner. PMID- 7256810 TI - Physical measurement of dosimetric data for electrons and photons from the M.E.L. SL 75/10 linear accelerator. PMID- 7256811 TI - [Comparative evaluation of hydroxyproline in urine and in serum as a possible clinical parameter for radiation-induced destruction of connective tissue due to fractionated radiation therapy (author's transl)]. AB - In the course of postoperative fractionated radiation therapy hydroxyproline was evaluated as a biochemical parameter of radiation damage in 60 patients with different tumour diseases. At different times before, during and after therapy, hydroxyproline in serum was evaluated according to the method of Dabew and Struck, hydroxyproline in urine according to the test combination "hypronosticon" (Organon-Technika). There was no correlation to be found between hydroxyproline in serum or urine, clinical course of disease and radiation dose. Possible explanations were discussed. PMID- 7256813 TI - [Influence of UV radiation upon the growth of transplantable tumors (results of experimentations on animals) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256812 TI - Effects of radiophosphorus on the developing endocrine glands of Swiss albino mice. II. The pituitary gland. AB - Effects of radiophosphorus, at the dose rate of 1.0 muCi/g body weight, was studied on the development of anterior pituitary in mice. P-32 injected to pregnant female 7 days after fertilization did not influence substantially the pituitary either of fetuses or younger borns. 1-day-old mice injected with P-32 reveal hypertrophy of acidophils. In mice injected at the 7th day, signs of cell death followed by an increase in the number of acidophils were found. Following injection of 14 and 21-day-old mice the decrease in the number of acidophils was very clearly visible. In 21 and 28-day-old injected groups, there is a difference in the reactivity of male and female pituitary to P-32. There may be individual variation in relation to radiation effects in pituitary, with advent of age. PMID- 7256814 TI - Estramustine binding in rat, baboon and human prostate measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine 3H-estramustine (estradiol-17 beta 3N-bis-[2-chlorethyl] carbamate), 3H-17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha androstan-3-one (3H-dihydrotestosterone or 3H-DHT), 3H-estradiol-17 beta (3H-E2) and 3H-3 beta-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one (3H-pregnenolone) binding in 50(2) microliter of cytosol utilizing a column which separates proteins in the molecular weight range of 2,000 to 70,000 daltons. The rat prostate contains a protein in considerable concentration and with the highest affinity for estramustine (375,000 dpm 3H-estramustine per mg. cytosol protein) among the substances tested. Operationally, we have named this protein "estramustine binding protein" (EBP), though it is very likely similar to other previously described prostatic proteins (e.g., alpha-protein, prostatein, prostatic binding protein). The sensitivity of the HPLC method disclosed EBP-like proteins, but in much lesser concentrations, in some of the other tissues tested. The concentration of these proteins in the human and baboon prostates was much lower (average for the baboon cranial lobe 4800 dpm/mg cytosol protein, with a somewhat higher value for the caudal lobe) than that in the rat gland. The amount of the EBP-like protein was higher in prostatic cancer than in that of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) (range 9350--25,900 vs. 2200--18,900 dpm/mg cytosol protein). In the human, the highest value was found in one normal prostate tested (106,000 dpm/mg cytosol protein). PMID- 7256815 TI - In vivo uptake and metabolism of low density lipoprotein in the guinea pig adrenal. AB - Adrenal uptake and metabolism of circulating low density lipoprotein (LDL) was examined in female guinea pigs. [H3]LDL was prepared by exchange labeling with [H3]cholesteryl linoleate. After its injection plasma [H3]sterol ester concentration declined rapidly. This decline was slower in those animals pretreated with dexamethasone than in untreated controls. At 120 min after [H3]LDL administration [H3]-cholesteryl esters and [H3]cholesterol were detected in the adrenal gland. The levels of both radioactive and radioinert esters were lower in animals given dexamethasone. In contrast no difference in radioactive or radioinert cholesterol concentration was evident. In a second experiment [H3]LDL was prepared by reconstitution of the LDL-core with [H3]cholesteryl linoleate. After administration its disappearance from the circulation was similar to that observed in the first experiment. Other organs also took up [H3]LDL including the liver and kidney. Free and esterified [H3]cholesterol concentrations were greater in the liver than in the adrenal gland at 120 min after injection. The results from these two experiments were interpreted to mean that th adrenal cortex is capable of taking up LDL and metabolizing its cholesteryl esters. Uptake may be stimulated by ACTH. PMID- 7256817 TI - Correlation between metabolism of betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate and adrenal hypertrophy in rat fetuses. AB - The effects of metabolites of betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate (BMDP) on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis were assessed by measurements of adrenal weights, after studying the metabolism of BMDP in vivo and in vitro in pregnant rats and mice. After BMDP was injected intravenously at a dose of 5 mg/kg into rats and mice in late stages of pregnancy, it disappeared rapidly from the plasma and brain stages of pregnancy, it disappeared rapidly from the plasma and brain in both mothers and fetuses while betamethasone 17-propionate (BMP) was detected as the main metabolite followed by betamethasone (BM). In vitro studies demonstrated that BMDP was metabolized to BMP in maternal and fetal tissues (plasma, liver, brain and placenta) of both species. The subcutaneous administration of BMP to rats in the late stages of pregnancy induced adrenal hypertrophy in fetuses, though the adrenals of the mothers became atrophic. In the case of mice, both maternal and fetal adrenals became atrophic. Administration of BM produced adrenal atrophy in mothers and fetuses of both species. The subcutaneous administration of 6 beta-hydroxybetamethasone 17 propionate (6 beta-OH-BMP) to rat fetuses in utero produced adrenal hypertrophy and 6 beta-hydroxybetamethasone (6 beta-OH-BM) showed no effect. These data suggest that BMP is transferred across the placental barrier to produce marked adrenal hypertrophy in rat fetuses. PMID- 7256816 TI - An improved method for the extraction of corticosterone from cell homogenates and subcellular fractions of the rat adrenal cortex. AB - An improved technique is described for the extraction and analysis of corticosterone (11 beta,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione) from homogenates and subcellular fractions of the rat adrenal cortex. Factors influencing complete extraction of corticosterone were the nature of the organic solvent system and the concentration of the tissue being extracted. The continued activity of steroidogenic enzymes during subcellular fractionation was presented by 0.1 mM 1 benzylimidazole. For optimum extraction, homogenates were diluted 1:12 (v/v) in 0.25 M sucrose, containing 0.1 M potassium hydroxide. Dilute homogenate was mixed with absolute ethanol (1:10, v/v) and extracted three times with diethyl ether (1:5, v/v). Following extraction, corticosterone in each sample was isolated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), quantitated by radioimmunoassay (RIA), and corrected by measuring the recovery of added H3 corticosterone. With these procedures, 90-100% of corticosterone found in extracts of adrenal homogenates was recovered in extracts of subcellular fractions of the homogenates. PMID- 7256818 TI - Female labor force participation, status integration and suicide, 1950-1969. AB - Using Census data covering the 29 year period starting in 1950 this study tests the hypothesis that (1)#female labor force participation may result in more married women committing suicide due to the strain of household and outside working responsibilities and the (2) female labor force participation may also be associated with higher rates of male suicide due to the fact that it represents apparent failure of the husband as sole breadwinner (Stack, 1978). Results show that during the 1950's male suicide was not associated with growth in the female labor force, but female suicide was. During the 1960s male suicide was negatively associated with female labor force participation, but the opposite was true for females. It is argued that working women represented a weakening of norms concerning sex roles. Apparently as more and more women entered the labor force, role conflict did ensue, but contrary to the above hypothesis it only increased female suicide potential. These results are discussed in terms of different normative sex role contexts of the 1950s and the 1960s. PMID- 7256819 TI - A psychiatrist's experience of death terror. PMID- 7256820 TI - Death-related attitudes and behavior among Mexican Americans: a review. PMID- 7256821 TI - Adolescent suicide attempts: some significant factors. PMID- 7256822 TI - Resistances encountered in starting a group therapy program for suicide attempters in varied administrative settings. AB - This paper reports the predictable areas of difficulty-funding issues, management and personal bias issues, theoretical issues-which emerged in the development of five treatment groups composed entirely of depressed and suicidal patients. These groups represent a coordinated effort between the city/county mental health system and the authors' funding agencies. Effective strategies for overcoming these difficulties are discussed. PMID- 7256823 TI - Personality, life situation, and life expectancy. PMID- 7256824 TI - Inhibition of human natural killer activity by cyclosporin A. AB - The effect of in vitro exposure to cyclosporin A on human natural killer (NK) activity was investigated using peripheral blood lymphocytes as effectors and 51Cr-labeled K562 cells as targets. After preincubation of the effectors with the drug for 20 hr, a dose-dependent reduction of NK activity was observed at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml. Exposure to the drug during the 20-hr preincubation and the 4-hr 51Cr-release assay resulted in greater impairment of NK cytotoxicity than preincubation alone, whereas the drug, present only during the assay, had no effect on cytolytic activity. Inhibition of NK activity required a minimal exposure time to the drug of 8 hr. The inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A on NK activity was rapidly reversible as, after a 20-hr incubation with 19 micrograms/ml, complete recovery of cytotoxicity was already observed after a further 4-hr culture in medium. Partially purified human fibroblast interferon augmented NK activity even in the presence of high concentrations (10 micrograms/ml) of cyclosporin A. PMID- 7256825 TI - A toxicological study in rats receiving immunotherapeutic doses of cyclosporin A. AB - Cyclosporin A (Cy A, 25 or 50 mg.kg-1/48 hr) administered during the course of the response, markedly suppressed graft-versus-host (GVH) reactivity in the rat, as assessed by the 7-day popliteal lymph node weight assay. Serum biochemical studies revealed small, but statistically significant increases in serum urea levels at both doses of Cy A and, at 50 mg.kg-1/48 hr, reduction in total serum protein, alkaline phosphatase, serum transaminase, and iron. In an additional experiment, Cy A (50 mg.kg-1/48 hr) was administered to rats over 4 weeks. Serum biochemical and hematological investigations were conducted at weekly intervals and at 28 days tissue (liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, and small intestine) was taken for histological and ultrastructural examination. Glomerular function, monitored by creatinine and urea clearance was unaffected by Cy A treatment, but serum urea and creatinine levels were elevated. Hepatic function was not affected and hematological, histological, and ultrastructural observations, apart from evidence of hepatic fatty change, did not differ from those in vehicle-treated controls. PMID- 7256827 TI - Prolonged cryopreservation of human bone marrow. AB - We tested the viability of human bone marrow stored for 40 to 42 months in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen. A median of 2 X 10(10) nucleated cells obtained from eight patients were concentrated to 1.3 X 10(10) using discontinuous centrifugation. These were stored in polyolefin bags in volumes of 100 to 500 ml using 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as cryoprotectant. Cell number and granulocyte - monocyte colony - forming cell (CFU-c) plating efficiency were determined before freezing and after thawing, after dilution and removal of DMSO, and after 2 to 4 hr of additional incubation. The median difference in cell number and CFU-c plating efficiency after this prolonged storage was -9 and +2%, respectively. Dilution, washing, and a 2-hr incubation were associated with cell losses of 24, 24, and 19% and increases in CFU-c plating efficiency, ranging from 22 to 79%. The number of viable CFU-c was never significantly lower than the number of CFU-c stored or initially thawed. Vapor phase storage appears to be adequate for prolonged human bone marrow cryopreservation using CFU-c viability as a determinant. PMID- 7256826 TI - Genetic independence between HLA and first component (C1q) of complement. PMID- 7256828 TI - Afferent sensitization and efferent cytotoxicity in allogeneic tissue responses of the marine sponge Callyspongia diffusa. AB - Allogeneic branches of the marine sponge Callyspongia diffusa were paired either in parabiosis or as allografts. To examine the specificity of the allogeneic rejection process, naive second sets and third parties were substituted in the midst of primary allogeneic tissue responses. Other experiments were conducted with 0.2-, 0.8-, 3.0-, and 5.0-micron pore size membrane barriers separating various combinations of naive and presensitized allogeneic paired sponges. The results of these experiments demonstrate that both the afferent and efferent phases of allograft rejection in Callyspongia diffusa depend on direct allogeneic cell contact. Cytotoxic reactivity does not involve a readily diffusible cytotoxic molecule. Moreover, the specificity of allogeneic sponge graft rejections resides in the early recognition or afferent phase; once the effector response is generated or turned on, subsequent allogeneic cytotoxicity is nonspecific. PMID- 7256829 TI - Cell-mediated immune response in anaplasmosis in cattle. AB - The cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) was demonstrated during experimental Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle, in vivo by the intradermic skin test and in vitro by the leucocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT). The skin test showed a delayed hypersensitivity reaction which reached its maximum after 48-72 hours. Histopathological examination of the skin biopsies revealed excessive infiltration by mononuclear cells and accumulation of oedematous fluid in the deeper dermal layers. For LMIT, the particulate antigen was used and the inhibition of leucocyte migration was significant in vaccinated and carrier animals as compared to controls. PMID- 7256830 TI - Observations on the adverse reaction to diethylcarbamazine in Dirofilaria immitis infected dogs. AB - The severity of the adverse reaction, as assessed by clinical, haematological, and biochemical abnormalities, following treatment of Dirofilaria immitis infected dogs with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) was found to be related to the level of microfilaraemia. The magnitude of change in the blood constituents studied was proportional to the severity of the side reaction. The most notable alterations in dogs experiencing a moderate or severe adverse reaction were a decrease in platelet numbers and fibrinogen level, a rise in serum transaminases, and the appearance of fibrin monomers. The practical value of qualitatively and quantitatively characterizing the post DEC adverse reaction is discussed. PMID- 7256831 TI - Complete generation rearing of Simulium damnosum s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the laboratory. AB - A closed system of water circulation previously devised for rearing nearctic black flies was used for two cohorts of Simulium damnosum s.l. (Ghana strain). Complete generation development from field-collected eggs occurred in both instances with the production of F1 adults and F1 pupae respectively. Survival of larvae form the 3rd instar to pupation was extremely high for both parental and filial generations and ranged form 63-98%. In 3 of the 4 rearings (1P, 2P, 1F1), pupal survival ranged form 98-100%. Mating attempts were frequently seen but insemination rates were low (greater than 1%). Nulliparous females were anthropophilic and exhibited bloodfeeding rates ranging form 67.5-87.5%. Parous females also readily engorged on humans. Porcine and rabbit hosts proved less attractive while two membrane systems (Baudruche, chicken skin)using equine, bovine, or chicken blood elicited practically no engorgement. Gravid females readily deposited fertile and infertile eggs in an oviposition chamber designed originally for Simulium decorum. PMID- 7256833 TI - The complement fixation test for the species identification of blood meals from tsetse files. PMID- 7256832 TI - Chloroquine effects on parasite and host membranes of intraerythrocytic Plasmodium chabaudi. AB - Mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi were treated with 50 mg/kg chloroquine (CQ) ofr 2 hr. Trophozoite-infected erythrocytes from CQ-treated and untreated mice were then compared concerning the structure of both parasite and host membranes by thin-sectioning and especially freeze-etching electron microscopy. Chloroquine induces dramatic alterations in parasite endomembranes. The rough endoplasmic reticulum disappears in about 30-40% of the trophozoites. Concomitantly, local agglomerations of smooth tubular membranes emerge and the nuclear envelope becomes closely apposed by a smooth cisterna. The CQ-treatment, however, apparently does not affect the parasite and host plasma membrane as well as the membrane of the parasitophorous vacuole in terms of membrane width, frequency and distribution of the typical membrane-intercalating-particles, as well as temperature- and Ca2+-response. PMID- 7256834 TI - Experimental Bovine Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma congolense). Lack of relation of the level of Parasitemia to the J blood group. AB - Twenty-five Holstein-Friesian steers were experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense EATRO 1721. They were tested for their J blood group status. Twelve steers were found to belong to Ja blood group and thirteen steers were either Js or Jcs. The level of parasitemia did not significantly differ between these two groups of cattle. It was concluded that the level of parasitemia is not influenced by J blood group antigens. PMID- 7256835 TI - [Ultrastructure of the liver sinusoids of mice under acute stress. A morphometric study]. PMID- 7256837 TI - [Genetics of human sexual developmental anomalies]. PMID- 7256836 TI - [Action of prophylactic inoculations on the chromosomes of human peripheral lymphocytes]. PMID- 7256838 TI - [Effect of an industrial-frequency electromagnetic field on the nature of the growth and mitotic activity of cultured human fibroblast-like cells]. PMID- 7256839 TI - [Electron microscopic study of endopolyploid nuclei in rat trophoblast giant cells. III. Nucleolus and its fibrillary center at different stages of the endoreplication cycle]. AB - The fine structure of the nucleolus and nucleolus-forming chromaosomes has been studied in the course of the endomitotic cycle of the trophoblast giant cells on the 12th and 13th days of the foetus development. The nucleolar ultrastructure was regarded in relation to the degree of chromatin condensation in the nucleus. In the nucleus with dispersed chromatin (endointerphase), the nucleoli have the nucleoneme structure and involve the four components: fibro-granular threads and accumulations (with granules 20 nm in diameter), round zones of fibres with moderate electron density surrounded by dense fibrillar material (fibrillar centres), and lacunar spaces. In contact with the nucleolus are thin chromatinous fibres of the karyoplasm which penetrate into the open lacunae on the periphery of the nucleus to be running, presumably, through the whole nucleus. The fibrillar centres either run deep into the lacunar spaces of the nucleolus, or attach to it. In the nuclei with condensed chromtin (endoprophase), the nucleoli are surrounded with a well developed layer of perinucleolar chromatin running along lacunae deep into the nucleolus. The nucleoli here made of the same components as nucleoli in the nuclei with dispersed chromatin, but are the prominent electron dense fibrillar component is getting more obvious, the number of granules in the fibro-granular component is reduced, it lacunae display regions of the nucleolus-organizer not only as fine scattered chromatinous fibres, but also as small compact blocks. A question is discussed of the fibrillar centres of the nucleolus as being places of the nucleolus organizer, and of its changes within the cycle of mitosis and endomitosis. PMID- 7256840 TI - [Microtubule-independent cell surface stabilization in normal and transformed connective tissue cells]. AB - Effects of colcemid on the distribution of pseudopodial activity in both normal and transformed connective tissue cells was studied by means of phase contrast microscopy and time-lapse cinematography. It was shown that normal as well as transformed fibroblasts are able to stabilize their surface independently on the presence of colcemid, however, in transformed cells this ability is more expressed. Possible mechanisms of this stabilization of cellular surface, independent on microtubules is discussed. PMID- 7256841 TI - [Relationship between the lipid composition of metaphase chromosomes and the method of isolating them]. PMID- 7256842 TI - [Role of decidual cells in immunobiologic relationships between mother and fetus]. AB - Rat males were injected with the complete Freund adjuvant. The state of sensibilization to PPD were measured, using lymphoid cells of lymph nodes and of spleen, by means of indirect and direct leucocyte adherence inhibition tests throughout 7-9 and 12-21 days after immunization, resp. No courses of the tests occurred in the presence of the extract of "false" decidua. The extracts of the liver of pregnant females, of the regenerating liver, or of the uterus of non pregnant females produced no such suppressing effect. PMID- 7256843 TI - [Nuclear origin of peroxisomes, the probable precursors of mitochondria in hydrocarbon-oxidizing yeasts of the genus Candida]. AB - On studying the ultrathin sections of the Candida yeast cells, continuously and periodically cultured in the mineral medium with n-alkanes it has been shown that microbodies (peroxisomes) may be present both in the nucleus and in the perinuclear zone form which they are able to migrate into the cytoplasm. The endoplasmatic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria are not presumably involved structurally in the appearance of microbodies. The data were presented on close structural and functional resemblance between microbodies and mitochondria. It is supposed that in n-alkane-assimilating cells Candida microbodies may be precursors of mitochondria. PMID- 7256844 TI - [Changes in the alkaline cation transport across the plasma membrane of CHO-K1 cell lines resistant to ethidium bromide]. AB - Sodium and potassium intracellular concentration, rate constants of sodium and potassium and rubidium influx were determined for cultured CHO-K1 cell lines, both sensitive and resistant to ethidium bromide. The emission technique was used to measure cation fluxes into potassium and sodium-free magnesium medium. Ethidium bromide sensitive and resistant cell have similar potassium concentrations, whereas sodium concentration in the latter is by almost 2.5 times higher than that in the former. A wide range of changes both in ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-resistant fluxes was found in resistant cells: the ouabain-inhibited rubidium influx is by 3-5 times lower, the ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux is practically absent, and ouabain-inhibited potassium efflux appears. In resistant cells the ouabain-insensitive influx of rubidium is decreased by almost 2 times. It is assumed that the selection of cells for resistance to ethidium bromide is accompanied by ":pleiothypic" changes of cell membrane, involving both active and passive cation transport. PMID- 7256845 TI - [Committed granulomonocytic precursors in human embryonic organs]. AB - By means of a modified Howell semisolid medium it has been established that the relative content of committed stem cells of the myeloid clone in liver and spleen tissues of human fetus, aged between 18 and 24 weeks, is higher by five times than that in the bone marrow of adults. The methods worked out for making preparations of agar cultures and for their morphocytochemical staining may be used for the identification of grown cell elements; they are simple and reproducible. PMID- 7256847 TI - [Comparison of the mobility of hepatocyte gap junctions and desmosomes]. PMID- 7256846 TI - [Changes in the lipid makeup of isolated metaphase chromosomes with their proteins and DNA removed]. AB - Metaphase chromosomes of HeLa cells were isolated by a modified method of Wray and Stubblefield. The isolated chromosomes were treated with 0.2 N HCl-Triton X 100 and DNAse I. Most of the polar lipids are removed from the chromosomes together with acid soluble proteins, whereas neutral lipids, except cholesterol esters, are removed with DNA. The mode of interaction between chromosome lipids, DNA and proteins is discussed. PMID- 7256848 TI - [Erroneous use of lipophilic phosphonic cations for determining mitochondrial membrane potential]. AB - The energy-dependent accumulation of triphenylmethylphosphonium (TPMP+) in rat liver mitochondria at 0 degrees C is less than that at a room temperature only by 30-50%, while the cation penetration rate drastically decreases thus making possible an accurate studying of the transport kinetics. It is shown that K+ diffusion potential accelerates the influx of TPMP+ and decreases the efflux rate in full agreement with the expected behaviour of a penetrating cation diffusing along or against the electrical field. On the contrary, the energization of mitochondria, which has been generally believed to generate a metabolic membrane potential, caused only a stimulation of the influx of TPMP+ without affecting the efflux rate. The TPMP+ efflux half-time was found to be about 3 minutes independently of the energetic state of mitochondria. This independence indicates that the energization is not accompanied by a rise of the membrane potential. The accumulation of TPMP+ by the energized mitochondria must be considered as an active process transporting lipophilic cations against the electrochemical gradient. It follows that the steady state distribution of TPMP+ cannot be a measure of the membrane potential in mitochondria. PMID- 7256849 TI - [Proliferation and DNA synthesis in a CHO-K1 cell culture with a varying serum concentration in the medium]. AB - The possibility of using CHO-K1 cells for investigation of mechanisms involved in stimulation of cell proliferation by serum has been studied. The decrease of serum content in the cultural medium down to 0.5% causes the arrest of cell growth and the lowering of DNA synthesis. The addition of fresh 10% serum stimulates DNA synthesis 12 hours later with the following renewal of cell proliferation. G1-period in cells synchronized by vinblastine is 6 hours. Thus, the removal of some serum factors form cultural medium causes a reversible arresting of CHO-K1 cell proliferation. PMID- 7256850 TI - [Simplest model of the reliability of providing specialized liver functions in the period of regeneration after partial hepatectomy]. PMID- 7256851 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of tumorigenic and nontumorigenic liver cell cultures, IAR series, based on scanning electron microscopy data]. AB - A scanning electron microscope study of 3 long-term non-tumorigenic liver lines (IAR20, IAR2 and IAR6) and 7 tumorigenic lines (IAR 2-31, IAR 2-32 RT4, IAR 2-32 RT6, IAR 6-7, IAR 6-1, IAR 6-1RT7 and IAR 6-1RT7A) has been undertaken. Cells of nontumorigenic lines spread well over the substratum, their morphology being characteristic of epithelial cells. Single cells in sparse cultures displayed discoid non-polarized shapes, with a ring of lamellar cytoplasm on the periphery. In dense cultures, coherent sheets of cells are formed with firm intercellular contacts. The cells of tumorigenic lines had some morphological features differing by this from their parental cells. The minimal deviation was the reduction of the lamellar cytoplasm in single cells. Various degrees of deficiencies of the formation of coherent sheets in dense cultures were also characteristic of tumorigenic lines. The morphological changes accompanying the neoplastic progression of the IAR cells reflected the increasing deficiency of their ability to form the cell-to-cell and cell-to-substratum contacts. PMID- 7256852 TI - [Glycogen content in the DNA-synthesizing and nonsynthesizing hepatocytes of rats of different ages]. AB - The glycogen content in DNA synthesizing and non-synthesizing hepatocytes has been conducted cytochemically during the rat postnatal development. Within all the periods of investigation, the average glycogen content in DNA synthesizing hepatocytes (phase S) are shown to be lower than that in hepatocytes being in phases G0 and G1. The absolute value of reduction of the glycogen content with diploid mononucleate hepatocytes in S-phase is almost the same for rats of all the age groups examined. The absolute value of reduction of the glycogen content in diploid binucleate hapatocytes in S-phase is twice as much as that in diploid mononucleate hepatocytes being at the same stage of the cell cycle. Regardless of the postnatal development stage and of the total glycogen content in the liver, the glycogen content in DNA non-synthesizing hepatocytes of different ploidy is in conformity with the genome number. PMID- 7256853 TI - [Surface proteins of normal and transformed epithelial liver cells]. AB - Surface protein patterns of 12 various tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic liver epithelial cell lines (IAR series) were studied by means of lactoperoxidase catalyzed iodination followed by the gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These patterns were found to be very similar except a protein with an apparent mol. wt. about 150 kilodaltons which appeared in cells of tumors derived from in vitro transformed epithelial liver cells. Surface fibronectin was present in all the three non-tumorigenic lines, and in 7 of 9 tumorigenic cell lines examined. The indirect immunofluorescence revealed that in non-tumorigenic lines this protein was localized predominantly in the regions of cell-to-cell contacts, while in tumorigenic cells fibronectin often formed fibrillar networks similar to those of fibroblasts. PMID- 7256854 TI - [Preservation of the bipolar shape and contact orientation by mitotically dividing chick embryo myoblasts in a monolayer culture]. AB - Chick embryo skeletal myoblasts in monolayer cell culture may by spherical during mitosis, as is commonly the case with cells in vitro, or maintain bipolar spindle form shape throughout all the phases of mitosis. The percentage of spindle-form metaphase myoblast increases from 32% (of al the metaphases), on the 2nd day of culturing, to 80%, on the 5th day. The long axis orientation of mitotic spindle in dividing elongated myoblasts is the same as that of the whole cell. The myoblasts contact orientation (along parallel grooves of artificial substrate or along myotubes) is maintained in bipolar mitotic cells throughout mitosis and persists in daughter cells. PMID- 7256855 TI - [Unusual structures in the epithelium of the mammary glands of white rats]. AB - Ribbon-like structures derived from the rough endoplasmic reticulum have been revealed in the mammary gland epithelium at different physiological state. Some of these structures were located lying free in the background cytoplasm, while others penetrated cellular organelles and, sometimes, intracellular borders, passing from one cell into the cytoplasm of neighbouring cells. The genesis and functional significance of these structures is discussed. PMID- 7256856 TI - [Electron microscopic study of horseradish peroxidase pinocytosis by white rat peritoneal macrophages in vivo]. AB - Pinocytic activity of rat peritoneal macrophages has been studied morphometrically at the ultrastructural level, 1.5-50 minutes following the intraperitoneal administration of horseradish peroxidase at varying concentrations. Internalization of the tracer was carried out by relatively large vacuoles and coated microvesicles. A probable mechanism underlying the two structurally distinct kinds of pinocytosis by macrophages is discussed. PMID- 7256858 TI - [Autoradiography of the DNA of lysed, UV-irradiated cells in Chinese hamster cultures differing in UV sensitivity]. PMID- 7256857 TI - [Quantitative kinetic study of the histochemical reaction to peroxidase in salivary gland and uterine cells of golden hamsters]. AB - The kinetics of diaminobenzidine reaction for peroxidase has been studied using cryostat sections of salivary gland and uterus of the golden hamster. It was demonstrated that the inhibition of the initial velocity of the reaction in salivary gland occurred at hydrogen peroxide concentration in the reaction medium being 5.10(-3) M or higher. On the other hand, the inhibitory action of hydrogen peroxide excess on the uterine peroxidase activity was observed at H2O2 concentrations higher than 1.10(-3) M. KM values for diaminobenzidine, determined for salivary gland and uterine peroxidases, were 2.3.10(-3) M and 3.5.10(-3) M, resp; KM values for H2O2 were 1.1.10(-4) M and 2.5.10(-5) M, resp. Kinetic difference of salivary gland and uterine peroxidases obtained in this study support the view on the organ specificity of peroxidases. PMID- 7256859 TI - [Electron microscope characteristics of the nuclear matrix and its fractions]. AB - The rat liver nuclear matrix retains the shape of the nucleus and reveals a sponge-like structure in negative staining and scanning electron microscopy. A fibrous layer (dense lamina) with associated pore complexes are preserved on the surface of the nuclear matrix. The cytoplasmic face of the nuclear matrix is perceived as a network consisting of cells (or units) of 10-30 nm in diameter in negative staining as well as in high resolution scanning electron microscopy. In sections, a fibrous layer, 15-30 nm in width with granules of 7-10 nm in diameter, can be observed. In pore complexes associated with the fibrous layer granular and fibrillar components rather than central granules are observed. The pore complexes differ in arrangement of the annular granules. Structures similar to pore complexes are revealed in close proximity to the nucleoli. The biogenesis of the pore complexes is discussed. A few morphologically different structures could be derived be fractionation of the nuclear matrix. A fraction rich in pore complexes, and a fraction retaining the shape of the nucleus with spongy or alveolar structure were isolated. The latter fraction is regarded to form a protein framework or skeleton of the nucleus. PMID- 7256860 TI - [Dynamics of the mitotic cycle and mitosis anomalies in 2-mercaptoethanol action on pig embryo kidney tissue culture cells]. AB - The effect of 2-mercaptoethanol on the dynamics of mitotic cycle was examined in cells of a porcine embryo kidney culture. 2-mercaptoethanol is shown to block cell division in C-metaphase-like figures. After the agent removal the block was stopped, and cells proceeded to a normal metaphase again. The presence of 2 mercaptoethanol does not prevent the S/G2 transition, the entry of cells to the prophase and then to the normal metaphase. At the same time, the length of G2 period of interphase appears to remain normal. In a porcine embryo kidney culture 2-mercaptoethanol induced multipolar mitoses and mitoses without cytokinesis. The number of multipolar mitoses increased with the increase in the time of incubation. PMID- 7256862 TI - [Accumulation of nonproliferating cells containing 4c DNA in stationary diploid cell cultures]. AB - The cell proliferation was stimulated in stationary cultures of chick and human embryo cells by changing the medium. The cumulative indices of labeled cells and labeled mitosis as well as the cellular DNA contents were determined in the stimulated cultures at different times of growth until their entry into the stationary phase of growth. It is established that in the case of mass entry of cells into DNA synthesis period, part of them does not complete the mitotic cycle to be arrested in the G2-period. This arrest is considered as one of the ways of the cell proliferation inhibition in cultures entering into the stationary phase. PMID- 7256861 TI - [Redifferentiation and a karyotypic structural change in populations of tumorous rhabdomyoblasts proliferating in the anterior chamber of the eye]. AB - A study was made of the transplantable rhabdomyosarcoma of mice M-62 during its transplantation after 15 passages simultaneously into the subcutaneous connective tissue and the eye anterior chamber (EAC), the latter being an immunologically advantageous site. The transplantable rhabdomyosarcoma cell populations, proliferating in EAC, are characterized by a higher differentiation level as compared with those proliferating in the subcutaneous connective tissue, the cells being taken from the same tumour, at the same passage. Morphologically it is expressed in the appearance of cytotypical (myofibrils in mononuclear tumour myoblasts) and histotypical (formation of myosymplasts) characters of differentiation. The increase in the intensity of differentiation correlates with changes in the ratios of M- and H-forms of LDH towards that which is characteristic of the definitive skeletal muscle tissue. A more intensive differentiation occurs on the background of changes in the karyotype structure of the populations of tumour myoblasts expressed in the increased share of diploid cells. An assumptions is made that the populations of tumour cells proliferating in EAC, i. e. under conditions of isolation from the immunological reactions of the organism, demonstrate changes towards normalization. PMID- 7256864 TI - [Protein content in rat hepatocytes of varying degrees of ploidy during the period of postnatal development]. AB - Protein contents in individual mononucleate and binucleate hepatocytes of different ploidy have been measured by a method that involves the following procedures: cell staining with naphthol yellow, protein content measurement, the Feulgen reaction (the fluorescent variant), and DNA content measurement in the same cells. During the postnatal development, protein contents in hepatocytes of different ploidy was shown to be unchanged up to the 14th day, then, within the next 2 months it increased by 50-60% to remain at the same level. At all the stages of development, regardless of the variation of protein contents in the liver of individual animals, the ratio of protein contents in diploid binucleate hepatocytes to that in diploid mononucleate cells makes 2.0. PMID- 7256863 TI - [Effect of inorganic anions on organic acid transport in rat kidney tubules]. PMID- 7256865 TI - [Changes in the LDH isoenzyme spectrum in transplantable rhabdomyosarcoma clones transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye]. AB - Results of gel electrophoresis of transplantable rat (RA-2) and murine (MC-53) rhabdomyosarcomas show that the LDH isoenzyme spectrum of tumors growing subcutaneously differ from that of normal muscle tissue, LDH-1 and LDH-2 isoenzyme being absent in zymograms. Using the lung colony formation technique, clones of RA-2 and MC-53 were obtained and their zymograms were investigated. Clone populations of both the tumors were polymorphic for their LDH spectrum, in some clones of RA-2 normal LDH isoenzyme spectrum was found. After a 16-18 day cultivation in rat and mouse eye anterior chamber, LDH spectra of RA-2 and MC-53 clones changed sharply, LDH-1 and LDH-2 appearing. As a result, LDH isoenzyme spectra of some clones that grew in the eye anterior chamber became equal to those of the normal muscle tissue. The observed changes are discussed as biochemical signs of cytodifferentiation of tumor cells. PMID- 7256866 TI - [Phospholipid makeup of the membranes of young and old rabbit erythrocytes]. AB - The phospholipid content of the old and new rabbit erythrocyte membrane has been studied. The new erythrocyte membranes were found to contain fewer sphingomyelins compared to both the total population and the old erythrocyte fraction. In the old erythrocyte membrane the amount of sphingomyelins increased, whereas that of phosphatidilcholins decreased. The contents of phosphatidiletanolamins and phosphatidilserins in the old and new erythrocytes did not change. PMID- 7256867 TI - Regulation of seasonal occurrence in the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann, 1901. AB - Published data on the seasonal occurrence of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus at 8 localities in east, central and southern Africa has been compared and an analysis of the regulatory roles of different climatic factors has been undertaken. It has been shown that the pattern of seasonal occurrence is largely dependent on the timing of the activity period of the adult stage and this is regulated by the combined influences of humidity, temperatures and daylength. By use of a simple model it is shown how the adult activity period in a given climatic regimen can be predicted on the basis of easily obtainable meteorological data. The value of the model in planning tick and disease control programmes is discussed. PMID- 7256868 TI - The epidemiology of fascioliasis in Malawi. Part II. Epidemiology in the definitive host. AB - The epidemiology of Fasciola gigantica Cobbold was studied in the definitive host and the epidemiological cycle was determined. The incidence of immature flukes was high in September to December and mature flukes from December to March. A survey of chronic fascioliasis was conducted covering almost the whole country. The prevalence of the disease was high in the Northern and Central Regions. Based on the epidemiological findings a control programme for the disease in Malawi was prepared. PMID- 7256869 TI - Incidence of Giardia infection in calves in Maharashtra State, India. PMID- 7256870 TI - Efficacy of resorantel against paramphistomiasis in naturally infected sheep. PMID- 7256871 TI - Sheep as an experimental model of Taenia saginata cysticercosis. AB - Taenia saginata cysticercosis was experimentally produced in 4 Soay sheep, 1 four horned sheep and 1 Texel sheep by oral administration of eggs of the parasite. Some of these sheep were given dexamethasone therapy. The evolution of T. saginata cysticercosis in this host is characterised by a rapid immune reaction so that by 6 weeks after infection almost all the cysts were dead. There were indications that the dexamethasone therapy may have assisted establishment of the infection and to some extent, postponed the process of degeneration. PMID- 7256873 TI - Sex ratio in indigenous cows (Bos indicus in Nigeria). PMID- 7256872 TI - Inheritance of part yields and their use in selection of buffaloes. AB - The relative efficiency of selection based on part lactation compared to that of total first lactation was high. When the earlier parts of the lactation were considered, single third or fifth monthly milk yield gave a selection efficiency 1 to 6% higher than that obtained from total first lactation yield. The milk yield of the first 120 days and subsequent cumulative part lactation yields up to 270 days were observed to be more efficient for indirect selection for the first lactation than direct selection on the basis of total first lactation yield. For effecting early selection the first 120 days milk production could be used to advantage. Similarly, where there are difficulties in recording the yield daily throughout the lactation, the third or fifth monthly yield recording could be resorted to for selecting efficiently and to formulate culling plans for the herd. PMID- 7256874 TI - Neutralising antibodies to Akabane virus in ruminants in Cyprus. AB - Neutralising antibodies to Akabane virus, a cause of arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly, were demonstrated in serum samples from 33 sheep, 3 goats and 1 bovine among 285 serum samples collected in south-eastern Cyprus from December 1970 onwards. Twenty-four of the 29 sheep having positive antibodies came from one farm in Liopetri. No positive sera came from animals born after 1969, no association with abortions or stillbirths was noted and no arthrogryposis or hydranencephaly was observed in Cypriot animals in 1969 or before. It is suggested tht Akabane virus was carried to Cyprus from the eastern Mediterranean mainland by infected midges on the wind in 1969 and possibly also in 1968, but that no disease was observed since infection took place after 50 days of gestation when damage to the foetus was unlikely. PMID- 7256876 TI - Histones of human lung carcinoma and human lung tissue. Analysis by two dimensional electrophoresis. AB - Histones prepared from human lung and human lung carcinoma were analyzed by a 2 dimensional electrophoresis method able to separate histone subfractions. The comparative analysis of electrophoretograms showed differences in the relative amounts of H1, H2A, and H3 histone subfractions extracted from human lung and human lung carcinoma chromatin. PMID- 7256875 TI - Serum folate binding capacity in patients with solid tumors. AB - Total and unsaturated folate binding capacity (TFBC-UFBC) was measured in 44 normal volunteers and in 77 patients with solid tumors; of them 31 had a lung cancer, 18 a cancer of the gastrointestinal tract (GI), and 28 a breast cancer. With the exception of patients with cancer of the stomach, all the other groups showed a significant increase in TFBC. An increase in UFBC was statistically observed in patients with lung cancer and cancer of the GI tract. No correlation was observed in breast cancer between the presence of hormone receptors on cancer tissue and the value of TFBC. However, a significant increase in TFBC was noted in this group of patients when metastases were present. PMID- 7256877 TI - The value of the CEA test in the diagnosis of metastases of adenocarcinoma of the gastroenteric tract. AB - Of 174 patients previously resected for gastric, colon or rectal adenocarcinoma, 75 had distant metastases at the time of the first examination and provided information on the specific characters of different types of tumors as regards CEA sensitivity. The remaining 99 cases, all without clinical evidence of disease, showed positive CEA levels in 26 and negative CEA levels in 73. Of the 26 CEA-positive cases, 24 showed clinical signs of metastases in a period of times varying from 1 to 11 months. The remaining 2 cases, although CEA positive at subsequent tests, did not develop clinical metastases and have been disease free for 5 years after the first test. Of 73 CEA-negative patients, 30 developed metastases: in 17 the clinical appearance of recurrences was preceded by a positive CEA test, while in 13 the CEA test remained negative even with the presence of disease. The remaining 43 cases are still CEA negative and without metastases from 44 to 51 months from the first examination. Altogether, in 22 cases CEA was negative, but the clinical evidence of recurrences was positive, and in these cases 63.6% were undifferentiated carcinomas; 2 patients were CEA positive but without signs of evident metastases. PMID- 7256878 TI - Precancerous significance of colonic type intestinal metaplasia. AB - Numerous epidemiologic, morphologic and experimental studies have demonstrated the precancerous significance of intestinal metaplasia. We report here the results of a histochemical study of intestinal metaplasia in which 2 types were observed: one with sialomucin-secreting cells typical of the small intestine, and the other with sulphomucin-secreting cells typical of colonic mucosa. The correlation between colonic type intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer is explored, since a significant precancerous value for this type of intestinal metaplasia is suggested. PMID- 7256879 TI - Results of 60Co-teletherapy in oral cancer. AB - Our study reports 282 oral cancer cases treated with 60Co-teletherapy (TCT), taken from 736 oral carcinomas treated with radiotherapy on the primary tumor from January 1959 to December 1970. They were mainly locally advanced cases which often had regional node involvement. In fact, during that period, the more advanced cases were submitted to TCT. There were only 9 (3.2%) patients with T1 lesions, while there were 134 (47.5%) T2 and 139 (49.3%) T3, T4 cases; there were respectively 106 (37.6%) and 44 (15.6%) N1 or N2 and N3 cases. Almost half of the patients were greater than or equal to 66 years old at onset of the treatment (138/282 cases, or 47.2%); the women were a small minority (18/282, or 6.4%). There were 58 (20.6%) carcinomas of the mucosal surface of the cheeks, 60 cases arising from the retromolar areas, the upper-lower alveolar processes and the hard palate (21.3%), 72 carcinomas of the mobile portion of the tongue (25.5%) and 92 arising from the floor of the mouth (32.6%). All the patients considered in the study were treated with conventional techniques by doses, field dimensions and fractionation. The overall results were objectively disappointing, even though they should be evaluated keeping in mind the nature and the gravity of oral carcinomas submitted to TCT. Actuarial survival at 5 and 10 years from the onset of treatment was respectively 11.6% and 6.4%. None of the N1, N3 cases survived beyond the fourth year from onset of the treatment. Long-term survival differs very little in relation to the site of origin in the oral cavity. Nowadays, TCT alone may have only a palliative role in the treatment of oral cancer, reserving it for those cases which, due to their extreme gravity or the various contraindications, do not permit more aggressive treatments. In a combined therapeutic approach the aim of TCT today is to control the minimum disease foci. Its association with surgery appears to be most effective. PMID- 7256880 TI - Uselessness of thermography for diagnosis and follow-up of cutaneous malignant melanoma. AB - Thermography is useless for diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanomas (CMM). In fact, false negative thermograms (29.9%) are much more numerous than clinically suspicious cases. Thermography is useless for follow-up of CMM. False-negative and false-positive thermograms of metastatic lymph nodes, subcutaneous nodules and removal site of CMM are much too numerous. PMID- 7256881 TI - Clinical considerations on 8 cases of abdominal carcinoids. AB - Eight cases of abdominal carcinoids are reported, 5 males and 3 females, whose age ranged from 21 to 66 years. The site of the carcinoids was appendix in 3 cases, ileum in 3, cecum in 1 and the ovary in 1. Synchronous metastases were present at regional lymph nodes and liver in 5 of the 8 cases. Radical surgery was performed in 3 patients, whereas in 3 cases nonradical surgery, due to the presence of nodal or hepatic metastases, was followed by chemotherapy (2 cases) and radiotherapy (1 case). The patients radically operated on are alive and free of disease at 22, 27 and 27 months. Surgery should be resorted to, when possible, even in the presence of liver metastases, since the life expectancy for these patients is longer than that of patients with liver secondaries from tumors other than carcinoids. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy seem to play a complementary role, if any. PMID- 7256883 TI - Descriptive epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease in the province of Padova, 1970 1974. AB - The age-standardized incidence rates of Hodgkin's disease in the province of Padova during the period 1970-1974 were 4.33/10(5) per year for males and 3.70/10(5) per year for females. These rates are higher (particularly for females) than in other European countries and close to those reported for North America. A bimodal distribution by age is present in the province as a whole. These findings, with the limitations due to the small population and diagnostic difficulties taken into account, are discussed with a view to further investigation. PMID- 7256882 TI - Malignant pheochromocytomas: report of 4 cases. AB - Four cases of pheochromocytomas are reported: 3 cases of malignant pheochromocytomas of the adrenal glands and 1 case of pheochromocytoma, diagnosed on the basis of clinical and biologic signs, whose site and malignant character were not demonstrated. A rare association of pheochromocytoma and stenosis of the renal artery, recorded for one of the cases, is discussed. PMID- 7256884 TI - Liver needle biopsy in children. PMID- 7256885 TI - Congenital coronary artery cardiac chamber fistula. PMID- 7256886 TI - Congenital aortic stenosis in a 40 day-old infant. PMID- 7256888 TI - Hemolytic anemia as a presenting manifestation of Wilson's disease. PMID- 7256889 TI - Anomalies of the systemic venous system. PMID- 7256890 TI - Total correction for tetralogy of Fallot in adolescents and adults. PMID- 7256887 TI - Syndrome mimicking histiocytic medullary reticulosis due to diphenylhydantion therapy. PMID- 7256891 TI - Holt-Oram syndrome (analysis of six cases). PMID- 7256892 TI - Primary hyperaldosteronism due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia in a 13 year-old boy. PMID- 7256893 TI - [Screening for cardiopathies in schools]. PMID- 7256894 TI - [Kidney cancer in adults: apropos of 36 cases]. PMID- 7256895 TI - [Clinical and radiological aspects of juvenile polyarthritis: apropos of 50 cases]. PMID- 7256897 TI - [Exercise test in the diagnosis of coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 7256896 TI - [Stenosing ischemic colitis]. PMID- 7256898 TI - [Enlarging enterocystoplasty for bladder tuberculosis]. PMID- 7256900 TI - [Orally induced hyperglycemia in pediatrics. Normal curve in Tunisian children, importance in pathology]. PMID- 7256899 TI - [Dehiscence of colonic anastomoses]. PMID- 7256901 TI - [Mediastinal hemangioma]. PMID- 7256902 TI - [Uretero-vaginal fistulas: a report of 20 cases]. PMID- 7256903 TI - [Forestier's disease: restatement following a study of 6 cases]. PMID- 7256904 TI - [Medicine...today: pneumology in 1981]. PMID- 7256905 TI - [Functional exploration of peripheral facial paralysis]. PMID- 7256906 TI - [Bronchial fiberscopy in 1981]. PMID- 7256907 TI - [82 cases of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7256908 TI - [Early cardiac failure after heart valve surgery and extra-corporeal circulation]. PMID- 7256909 TI - [Post tuberculosis dilatation of the bronchi (apropos of 185 cases)]. PMID- 7256911 TI - [Horton's disease: apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7256910 TI - [Cystic dilatation of the choledochus (report of 2 cases)]. PMID- 7256912 TI - [Penile fractures: apropos of 17 cases]. PMID- 7256913 TI - [Articular chondrocalcinosis and rheumatoid polyarthritis]. PMID- 7256914 TI - [Hepatic fibrosis manifesting infantile constrictive pericarditis: apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7256915 TI - [Right pulmonary agenesis: report of a case]. PMID- 7256916 TI - [Should prescription of oral hypoglycemies be continued? A social pharmacology problem. Experience of the diabetes outpatient clinic of the Sousse C.H.U]. PMID- 7256917 TI - [Inflammatory and infectious complications of central venous catheterization (study of 500 cases)]. PMID- 7256918 TI - [Infestation by fly larva]. PMID- 7256919 TI - [Metal content of nucleic acids in experimental leukosis]. AB - An instrumental neutron-activated analysis was carried out to study metal content in nucleic acids preparations of the rat liver and tumour subjected to Shvets erythromyelosis. It was determined that the DNA and RNA preparations contain iron, zinc, silver, cobalt and scandium. According to the level of concentration of revealed metals are arranged in the row in the following order: iron less than zinc less than silver less than cobalt less than scandium. The iron and zinc contents in RNA is almost twice as high as those in DNA. The content shifts in some of the revealed metals (the iron and scandium contents in DNA preparation of the liver, zinc and iron contents in the DNA preparation of the tumour and zinc content in the RNA preparations of the liver) in the process of the development of leukosis are characterized by a tendency to their increase. PMID- 7256920 TI - [Activities of certain krebs cycle dehydrogenases and the content of ATP in oral cavity mucosa in experimental stomatitis in dogs]. AB - In experiments with dogs stomatitis was simulated by ligation and section of the common biliary duct. On the third and fifth days in the oral cavity mucosa of the animals there occur essential changes in the energy producing reactions, which are controlled by pyruvate dehydrogenase NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase. This is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the ATP amount. PMID- 7256921 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on N-acetyl-L-asparaginic acid metabolism in different cerebral areas]. AB - The content of N-acetyl-l-asparaginic acid, CoA, CoASAc and the N-acetylaspartate amunohydrolase activity was determined in cerebral areas of rats at the normal level and at different stages of oxygen poisoning. At the preconvulsive stage of the oxygen poisoning the content of N-acetyl-l-asparaginic acid decreases in cerebral hemispheres by 54, in the midbrain and diencephalon by 23, in the medulla oblongata--by 27, and in the cerebellum by 21%. The N-acetylaspartate aminohydrolase activity, vice versa, increases by 58, 62, 57 and 60%, respectively. The content of CoA and CoASAc is unchanged. At the convulsive stage of hyperoxia the content of N-acetyl-l-asparaginic acid in the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum is unchanged in the midbrain and diencephalon increases by 21% and in the medulla oblongata-by 15%. The n-acetylaspartate aminohydrolase activity in he cerebral hemispheres, midbrain, diencephalon and medulla oblongata is unchanged, in the cerebellum it increases by 100%. The CoA content in the brain decreases by 20%, CoASAc-by 16%. PMID- 7256922 TI - [Effect of disturbance of the liver and myocardium innervation on the histamine and serotonin contents in their tissues]. AB - Each of three methods of the innervation disturbance-section of subphrenic vagus nerves and nerves of hepathogastro-duodenal connection; the section of the right and left vagus at the level of the thyroid gland is accompanied by a considerable increase in the serotonin content. Three four weeks after the operation in rises in the myocardium by 60, 52, 56% and in the liver tissue-by 85, 68, 35%, respectively. The level of histamine is not changed essentially, but there is a tendency to its increase in the liver and to a decrease in the myocardium. The histamine and serotonin content in blood of the same rats lowers considerably. PMID- 7256923 TI - [Effect of cryoprotectors on stability of lysosomes under cooling]. AB - The efficiency of cryoprotectors-polyethylene oxide 400, glycerol, oxyethylated glycerol, dimethyl sulphoxide was studied relative to stabilization isolated lysosomes under different regimes of freezing-thawing. It is established that a decrease in the amount of lysosome hydrolases (RNase, DNase, catepsin D, phosphatase) released to the environment is the most significant in the presence of the mentioned substances uncer slow freezing-thawing. PMID- 7256924 TI - [Age characteristics of glycolipid distribution in rat tissues depending on the functional state of the thyroid gland]. AB - Distribution of the content of cerebrosides in the rat tissues is established to be nonuniform for the series brain greater than spleen greater than lungs greater than liver greater than kidneys greater than heart greater than muscles. In the new born animals only traces of cerebrosides and considerable amounts of gangliosides are found. In the process of the morphological and functional maturing all the tissues get enriched by cerebrosides (till 45 days) and gangliosides (by 15 days) with their content decrease in certain tissues in the process of ageing. Experimental hypothyrosis is accompanied by a fall of the total content and a decrease in the amount of hormonal iodine in the tissues, the decrease being more significant in young animals. The age dynamics of the glycolipid content inthe tissues is maintained, but their highest accumulation is delayed and does not reach the maximum characteristics of the intact animals. PMID- 7256925 TI - [Effect of ethionamide and sodium succinate on NADPH-dependent oxidaton in the liver]. AB - A single administration of ethionamide (LD50) to guinea pigs causes an inhibition of p-hydroxylation and N-demethylation in the liver. Sodium succinate favours the activation and, when it is used for correction of the ethionamide toxic effect, it normalizes the above-mentioned processes. PMID- 7256926 TI - [Disturbanes in electrostatic balance of erythrocyte membranes in experimental D hypovitaminosis]. AB - Violation of electrostatic balance in the erythrocyte membranes with experimental D-hypovitaminosis is determined by the method of potentiometric titration. It is pronounced in modification of quantity and pK of accessible polar groups and in a decrease in total membrane electronegative charge. This violation is supposed to be provoked by a considerable increase in cholesterol content in the membranes and to reflect a modification in the character and bond strength of protein lipid complexes caused by interaction of cholesterol with membrane components. The role of the membrane components polar groups in binding an additional quantity cholesterol and decreasing in permeability of erythrocyte membranes under conditions of D-hypovitaminosis are discussed. PMID- 7256927 TI - [Oxidation reduction processes in skin with psoriasis]. AB - In the skin affected with psoriasis a pronounced increase in the redox processes intensity is observed, which influences the activity in the respiratory chain certain enzymes. These disturbances are stable as no complete normalization is observed in the activity in the studied enzymes after the clinical recovery. PMID- 7256928 TI - [Superoxide dismutase activity in tumor and liver of tumor-bearing animals]. AB - A decrease was found in the total activity of superoxide-dismutase in the liver of animals with different kinds of transplanted tumours. It is due to a drop in the activity of cytosole (copper-zinc containing) form of the enzyme. The level of the activity depends on the type of tumour growth and its durability in the host body. PMID- 7256929 TI - [Effect of carbostimulin on biosynthetic processes in rabbits with alloxan diabetes]. AB - In rabbits with alloxane diabetes the intensity of [I-14C] glycine label incorporation into various tissue components is considerably lowered. Stimulation of carboxylation in animals under these conditions intensifies the label incorporation into proteins of the liver, kidneys, spleen as well as into blood serum albumin and globulin. The level of lipids, glycogen in the liver, the total content of proteins in blood serum and their specific radioactivity increase. All this evidences for intensification of biosynthetic processes and for a possibility to normalize the metabolism with diabetes by stimulating the processes of carboxylation. PMID- 7256930 TI - [Effect of hydrazine sulfate on lipid composition in rat liver homogenates and plasma membranes]. AB - Introduction of hydrazine-sulphate to experimental animals decreases the total content of lipids in homogenates, but in plasmatic membranes of the liver it increases. The composition of certain classes of neutral lipids under these conditions is also changed. In particular, the contents of cholesterol and its esters as well as of free fatty acids decrease in the homogenate. The amount of glycerides remains unchanged. In the plasmatic membranes under the effect of hydrazine-sulphate the contents of cholesterol and its esters lowers and, vice versa, those of free fatty acids and glycerides rise. The molar glycerides-to phospholipids ratio in the homogenates is unchanged but in the plasmatic membranes it increases, whereas the molar cholesterol-to-phospholipids ratio in the homogenates as well as in plasmatic membranes decreases. PMID- 7256932 TI - [Biological properties of Agrobacterium tumefaciens RNA-polymerase. I. Isolation of RNA-polymerase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens 8628]. AB - RNA-polymerase is isolated from Agrobacterium tumefaciens 8628. When fractioning the protein extract by DEAE-cellulose, RNA-polymerase is separated into three fractions eluated with 0.15, 0.165, and 0.185 M KCI. Their electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel shows that the composition of subunits in the second and third fractions is, in principle, similar to that of Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase, but the first fraction protein distribution pattern differs from he mentioned fractions. The data obtained may evidence for the presence of several RNA polymerases forms in virulent strains of agrobacteria. PMID- 7256931 TI - [Glutathione antioxidant system in myocardium and erythrocytes of rats with acute hypoxic heart damage]. AB - Acute hypoxic hypoxia causes no changes in the content of SH-groups and in the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in erythrocytes and myocardium. Adrenaline myocarditis results in activation of the glutathionic enzymes as well as in decrease in the content of SH groups in the myocardium and their increase in the erythrocytes. Administration of vitamin E partially corregates the shifts caused by adrenaline myocarditis. PMID- 7256933 TI - [Glutaminase and glutamate decarboxylase activity of brain tissue during hypothermia and hibernation]. AB - A forced cooling of rats and gophers decreases the brain glutaminase activity activated with phosphate with the incubation temperature. The cooling of rats leads to a decrease in the brain glutamate decarboxylase activity. However in the animals cooled down to 20 degrees C the incubation temperature (25 and 20 degrees C) does not affect it. The beginning of hibernation is accompanied by an increase in glutamate decarboxylase activity of the brain, a month later it lowers as compared with the hibernation beginning. The glutaminase activity falls during hibernation. At the hibernation beginning the activating effect of phosphate on the brain glutaminase is reduced, a week later it is intensified and by the end of a month period it is decreased again. PMID- 7256934 TI - [Lipid transport by serum albumin in normal conditions and diseases of the hepatopancreatoduodenal system]. AB - The content of lipids transported by serum albumin was determined in healthy people and in patients suffering from diseases of the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone. The method of gas-liquid chromatography detected 30 fatty acids and the components of steroid nature lipid extracts of albumin. The content of oleic, palmitic, linoleic, stearic and arachidonic acids in the extracts is the highest. Their amount in norm is 75% of all fatty acids. It is shown that bilirubin displaces steroids from the sites of their fixation in albumin. With diseases of the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone serum albumin transports a greater amount of fatty acids with C14-C19 and less amount of those with C20-C25. A constant decrease in the arachidonic acid content is the most typical of the hepatobiliary system diseases. PMID- 7256935 TI - [Effect of bivalent cations and fusogenic factors on the interaction of liposomes with planar phospholipid bilayers]. AB - Using liposomes containing amphotericin B as an ionophoric marker the influence of some factors on fusion of the liposomes with planar phospholipid membranes was studied. Such liposomes increase the planar bilayer conductance and this fact can serve as quantitative characteristic of membranes fusion. The dependence of planar membrane conductance on Ca2+ concentration and phosphatidyl serine contents in liposomes was determined. It is shown that fusogenic factors such as lysophosphatidyl choline, retinol and osmolysis promote the fusion of vesicules with planar bilayer. PMID- 7256936 TI - [Effect of cadmium chloride on the intensity of tissue respiration of rat liver and brain homogenates]. AB - The effect of cadmium chloride subcutaneous injection on the intensity of respiration of the liver and brain homogenates was studied in the experiment carried out with one-month rats by means of the polarographic method. The dynamics of the tissues respiration in three metabolic conditions and the respiratory control according to Lardy and Wellman were also studied. A conclusion may be drawn that cadmium chloride suppresses the tissues respiration and dissociates it with oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 7256937 TI - [Activity of energy metabolism enzymes and their isoenzymic spectra in normal prostate and testis tissue and in experimental prostatitis]. AB - The paper deals with the effect of bacterial affection of the canine prostate on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDG), malate dehydrogenase (MDG), isocytrate dehydrogenase (IDG), succinate dehydrogenase (SDG), isoenzymic spectrum of LDG and MDG in the prostate tissue and the activity of LDG and its isoenzymic spectrum in the testis tissue. It is established that two months after the infection the activity of LDG in the prostate tissue increases and that of IDG and SDG lowers. The activity of LDG1 and LDG2 drops and that of LDG3, LDG4, LDG5 rises. In the testis tissue changes in the activity of LDG and its isoenzymic spectrum have the same tendency, however they are pronounced to a much less extent. The activity of LDG kappa lowers essentially. In winter the intensity of oxygen uptake by the normal tissues under study falls, however no changes are observed in the activity of LDG kappa in the testis. An assumption is advanced that the bacterial affection of the prostate may have an inhibitory effect on the generative function of the testis. PMID- 7256938 TI - [Production of a plasma substitute with hemodynamic properties based on modified globin of human erythrocytes]. AB - The developed parameters for hemolyzate acid-base treatment in the presence of hydrogen peroxide with the subsequent ethanol fractionation made it possible to suggest a method for isolating a modified globin from erythrocytes of donor blood stored for different time. The method is of applied significance because it permits production not only of a new effective plasma substitute of the hemodynamic action but also contributes considerably to solution of the problem of the donor blood erythrocytes utilization. PMID- 7256939 TI - [Properties of mechanically immobilized beta-fructofuranosidase]. AB - The beta-fructofuranosidase preparation was mechanically immobilized. The enzymic preparation with fillers was applied to spheric particles of silicagel by rolling in the pelleting apparatus and the particles obtained were coated with semipermeable polyvinyl acetate film. As compared to the soluble enzyme the temperature optimum of the immobilized preparation is 10-15 degrees C shifted towards an increase and pH-optimum remains unchanged. The regions of pH-stability of immobilized and free beta-fructofuranosidases coincide. An increase in the apparent Km due to immobilization evidences for a diffuse control in kinetics of the preparation action, which is also confirmed by the presence of the induction period in the "reaction product in external solution-time" curve. PMID- 7256940 TI - [Kinetic characteristics and effect of sodium fluoride on AMP-aminohydrolase from rat liver hyaloplasm]. AB - NaF in various concentrations is shown to have different effects on the rat liver AMP-aminohydrolase. At constant initial level of AMP in samples the NaF 5-25 mM concentrations favour the enzyme activation and the NaF 5-150 mM concentrations inhibit the AMP deamination. The character of sodium fluoride effect is also determined by the substrate concentration in samples. With the presence of 2-10 mM of AMP and 15 mM sodium fluoride in the reaction mixture the AMP aminohydrolase activity rises. With the rise of the substrate concentration in the sample the positive kinetic cooperation is replaced by the negative one. The maximal reaction rate is reduced. The Hill coefficient in the control and in the sample with 15 mM of NaF is identical and equals 2.5. PMID- 7256941 TI - [Content of citric acid and ATP-citrate-lyase activity in tissues of rats with different natural resistance to hypoxic hypoxia]. AB - A significantly lower content of citric acid and a lower ATP-citrate-lyase activity were found in the liver of rats high-resistant to hypoxia as compared to low-resistant ones under conditions of normoxia and after "lifting at a height" of 9000 m. A dependence is supposed to exist between the natural resistance of individuals to hypoxic hypoxia and lipopexia. PMID- 7256943 TI - [Problems of world outlook and methodology of science integration in biological studies]. AB - Problems of worldoutlook and methodology of the natural-science knowledge are considered basing on the analysis of tendencies in the development of the membrane theory of cell processes and the use of principles of biological membrane functioning when solving some scientific and applied problems pertaining to different branches of chemistry and biology. The notion scientific knowledge integration is defined as interpenetration of approaches, methods and ideas of different branches of knowledge and enrichment on this basis of their content resulting in knowledge augmentation in each field taken separately. These processes are accompanied by appearance of new branches of knowledge - sciences "on junction" and their subsequent differentiations. The analysis of some gnoseological situations shows that integration of sciences contributes to coordination and some agreement of thinking styles of different specialists, puts forward keen personality of a scientist demanding, in particular, his high professional mobility. Problems of scientific activity organization are considered, which involve social sciences into the integration processes. The role of philosophy in the integration processes is emphasized. PMID- 7256942 TI - [Stimulation of desoxyribonuclease activity by nitrosomethylurea]. AB - It is shown in vitro in model experiments under biological conditions of pH and temperature, the pancreatic DNase activation by nitrosomethylurea depends on both mutagen concentration and temperature. The spectrophotometric observation revealed the formation of mutagen-enzyme complex which resulted from the interaction of the mutagen molecules with DNase macromolecules. PMID- 7256944 TI - [Physicochemical properties of plasma substitute obtained on the basis of modified globin isolated from erythrocytes of donor blood]. AB - It is established that the plasma substitute obtained on the basis of chemically modified globin is a polydispersed (with respect to protein molecule mass and conformation) globularized structure and a rather high colloid-osmotic pressure. Its weighted average and mean molecular mass is 65.000 and 28.000 Dalton, respectively. PMID- 7256945 TI - [Changes in suspension stability of donor conserved blood in contact with carbon adsorbents]. AB - A possibility is shown to normalize the suspension stability of donor long-term conserved blood when passing it through carbon adsorbents of a developed porous structure which are well compatible with blood. Relationship is established between a fall in the concentration of low-molecular acid products of metabolism as well as of conserved blood protein compounds due to interaction with the surface of carbon sorbents and an increase in electrophorectical erythrocyte mobility, and some decrease in aggregation and viscosity of blood. PMID- 7256946 TI - [Fractionation of brain phosphopeptides]. AB - Anion-exchange chromatography was used to fractionate the brain phosphopeptides preparations obtained by the common method and the method modified by the author. The data of a comparative analysis show that in fractions obtained from our preparation the content of amide nitrogen as well as of phosphate residues is higher than in the analogous preparations of Ledig and Mandel. Changes are found in the spectrum of the phosphopeptides fractions isolated during incubation of the brain tissue homogenate under aerobic conditions (1 h; 37 degrees C). It is shown that the amount of phosphopeptide fractions decreases after incubation, and the total content of nitrogen, content of amide nitrogen and phosphorus in eluted fractions undergo redistribution. PMID- 7256947 TI - [Spectrofluorimetric study of interaction between acetylcholine and brain proteins]. AB - Interaction of acetyl-choline in 10(-4) . 10(-12) M concentration with a water soluble fraction of homogenates of different brain areas (medulla oblongata, pons varolii, sensomotor cortex, dorsal and ventral hippocamp, hypothalamus, amygdaloid nuclei region and septal region) was studied by the spectrofluorimetric method. Fluorescence complexes spectra at excitation wavelength of 280, 296 nm were investigated. It is shown that the ACH addition to the water-soluble fractions results in reduction of the spectrum intensity and in insignificant shift of the fluorescence maxima to a short-wave region. This effect is supposed to be due to ACH interaction with the cholinoreceptor (CHR). The number of CHR in all the brain regions studied is calculated. Good correlation is observed between the regional distribution of CHR and the acetylcholinesterase activity. PMID- 7256948 TI - [Dependence of human serum albumin fluorescence spectrum on the excitation wavelength]. AB - The parameters of fluorescence spectrum of human serum albumin in N and F forms and of its complex with sodium dodecylsulphate were studied as a function of excitation wavelength within a range of 220-307.5 nm. The spectral range of the influence of tyrosine emission on protein spectra is localized. The effect of a long-wave shift at red edge excitation is found and interpreted in terms of delayed dipolar relaxation. In transition of albumin from N to F form and in complex formation with sodium dodecylsulphate a significant increase in the red edge effect is observed. PMID- 7256950 TI - [Physicochemical properties of rat brain proteins extracted by acidic ethanol]. AB - A protein fraction was isolated from the TCA residue of rat brain water-soluble proteins by 80% ethanol treatment. The fraction consists of two proteins with molecular weight 16000 and 26000. The amino acid composition, amidation and intracellular protein localization are determined. PMID- 7256951 TI - [Comparison of free and membrane-bound polyribosomes of human placenta in different periods of pregnancy]. AB - The amount and sedimentation properties of free and membrane-bound polyribosomes of human placenta were studied at different stages of normal pregnancy. The amount of total ribosomes decreases considerably with an increase in the time of pregnancy, while a portion of membrane-bound polyribosomes tends to increase. It is shown that sedimentation patterns of polyribosomes of the both types change during development of pregnancy. These alterations may be associated with changes in a set of proteins which are produced by the placenta during its ripening. PMID- 7256949 TI - [Physicochemical properties and amino acid composition of papain fragments of immunoglobulin G isolated from blood of cows suffering from leukosis]. AB - It is shown that the peculiar to the malignant growth protein isolated from blood of cattle suffering from leukosis is more stable to the effect of papain than the human protein characteristic of the malignant growth. Papain breaks the studied protein up into three components, the sedimentation constants of Fab- and Fc fragments isolated from the papain hydrolysate are 3,9 and 3,6S and their molecular mass --55000 and 45000 Daltons, respectively. In the Fab-fragment the contents of lysine, glutaminic acid, leucine, serine are higher and those of arginine, alanine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine and isoleucine are lower as compared with the Fab-fragment isolated from immunoglobulin G of healthy animals. The content of amino acids changes more significantly in the Fab-fragment that in the unsplitted molecule of the protein under study. The polar-to-nonpolar amino acids ratio is 2.27 for the Fab-fragment and 2.48 for the unsplitted molecule. For the same structures of protein isolated from immunoglobulin G of health animals these values are 1.80 and 2.24, respectively. Evidently, peculiarities of the specific to the malignant growth protein isolated from blood of cattle suffering from leukosis are characteristic mainly of its Fab-fragment. PMID- 7256952 TI - [Composition and metabolism of extremely low-density lipoproteins in normal rabbits of different age and under experimental atherosclerosis]. AB - The lipid composition and protein content in extremely low-density lipoproteids. lipoproteid-lypase activity and breakdown dynamics of the mentioned [3H]cholesterol-labelled lipoproteids are studied in blood of young and old rabbits in norm and under experimental atherosclerosis. It is shown that in normal animals the content of all lipid components and protein decreases with ageing in the fraction of extremely low-density lipoproteids isolated from blood serum. The activity of lipoproteid lypase and breakdown of intravenously injected labelled extremely low-density lipoproteids are lowered in old animals as well. Under experimental atherosclerosis in extremely low-density lipoproteids there occurs accumulation of cholesterol esters in considerable amounts, the breakdown of the class lipoproteids is slown down. The enzymic activity manifests no significant changes in comparison with the norm. Disturbances in the composition of lipoproteids and their metabolism with the studied pathology are more pronounced in old rabbits than in young ones. PMID- 7256953 TI - [Effects of certain biologically active compounds and bivalent cations on lactate and malate dehydrogenase activities in cerebral cellular fractions]. AB - It is shown that acetylcholine, noradrenaline and serotonin have no effect on the lactate (LDG) and malate dehydrogenase (MDG) activities in mitochondria, mitoblasts and supernatant fluid of the rat brain tissue. A combined effect of noradrenaline and serotonin with acetylcholine increases the activity of MDG in the mitochondria but does not change that of LDG. In the mitoblast MDG was less active. After treatment with some detergents noradrenaline reduces that LDG activity in the mitochondria and supernatant fluid and did not change the MDG one. Serotonin enhances the LDG and decreased the MDG activity. In the presence of Mg2+ an increase in the LDG activity in supernatant fluid is accompanied by a decrease in the mitochondria while the MDG activity is unchanged. Ca2+ activates MDG in the mitochondria and did not affect the LDG activity. PMID- 7256954 TI - [Creatine kinase activity and isoenzymic spectrum of myocardium creatine kinase in rats of different age]. AB - In old rats the specific activity of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.32) in homogenate, mitochondrial and postmitochondrial fractions of the myocardium is essentially lower than in adult animals. It does not change with age in myofibrils. The isoenzymic spectrum of creatine kinase is unchanged as well. In old rats the content of creatine phosphate in the myocardium is considerably lower, and that of creatine is higher than in young animals. This evidences for a decrease in the rate of creatine phosphorylation controlled by creatine kinase. PMID- 7256955 TI - [Enzymic splitting of polyurethanes containing dipeptide links in the main polymeric chain]. AB - The paper deals with the proteolytic enzyme induced destruction of new types of segmented polyurethanes, the main chain of which contains dipeptides links: L phenylalanyl-L-serine and glycyl-glycine. It is established that the chymotrypsin treatment decreases essentially the molecular mass of polyurethane containing the Phe--Ser links and does not affect the molecular mass of polyurethane with Gly- Gly links. Trypsin has no effect on the both types of polymers. Specificity of the chymotrypsin effect on the polymers is confirmed by the data of IR spectroscopy. Destruction of the both types of segmented polyurethanes, mainly of the dipeptide fragments, is observed when the polymers are implanted into the animal organism. PMID- 7256956 TI - [Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, succinate dehydrogenase activities and content of sodium and potassium in kidneys of epiphysisectomized rats under spontaneous diuresis and water load]. AB - The paper is concerned with the effect of epiphysisectomy on the glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathion reductase, succinate dehydrogenase activities and the content of sodium and potassium in the cortex and medullary layers of the kidneys under spontaneous diuresis and water load. It is shown that in rats without epiphysis the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is lowered both in the cortex and medullary layers of the kidneys. The activity of glutathion reductase rises in the cortex layer of the kidneys only under water load. A disturbance is found in the sodium and potassium distribution between the cortex and medullary layers of the kidneys. An assumption is advanced on a possible role of epiphysis in regulating the kidney functions. PMID- 7256957 TI - [Determination of adenine nucleotide and inorganic phosphate contents of liver of rats with E-hypovitaminosis and administration of alpha-tocopherol and ubiquinone 9]. AB - It is shown that in the rat liver with E-hypovitaminosis the ATP content, sum of adenine nucleotides, and the phosphate potential value ([ATP]/[ADP.]Pi) decrease, whereas the amount of ADP, AMP and Pi remains practically unchanged. 3h after intravenous administration of alpha-tocopherol of ubiquinone to rats with E hyovitaminosis the mentioned indices normalize, which evidences for a considerable increase in the level of bioenergetic processes. The direction of the mentioned changes corresponds to changes in the ubiquinone content and activity of the respiratory chain redox enzymes. The participation of vitamin E in processes of oxidative phosphorylation may be connected with the metabolism control and ubiquinone functioning. PMID- 7256959 TI - [Insulin receptors. A new understanding of the physiopathological mechanisms in the development of insulin resistance in overweight persons]. PMID- 7256958 TI - [Effect of carbostimulin on metabolism in rats with deep burns]. AB - It is established that at early stages of the burn disease (deep burn of III-B degree, 20% of body surface) in rats there appears metabolic acidosis, the content of urea increases in the liver and blood serum, a pronounced hydration of the liver and muscles is observed in the burn zone. Administration per os of carbostimulin just a day after burn removes symptoms of metabolic acidosis. When the preparation is fed to rats during 7 days after burn the intensity of radioactive label incorporation into proteins, lipid and glycogen of the liver as well as in proteins and lipids of kidneys and spleen increases. PMID- 7256960 TI - [Human breast cancer cells in tissue culture]. PMID- 7256961 TI - [Estrogen receptor determination in malignant breast tumor tissue. How can false negative results be avoided?]. PMID- 7256962 TI - [Steroid hormone receptors and breast cancer]. PMID- 7256963 TI - [Clinical relevance of skin tests in children with atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 7256964 TI - [Supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children]. PMID- 7256965 TI - [Somatic disorders in patients hospitalized in a psychiatric department at a central hospital]. PMID- 7256966 TI - [Factor XIII deficiency]. PMID- 7256967 TI - ["Farewell tobacco"]. PMID- 7256969 TI - [Contraceptive pills and thrombosis]. PMID- 7256968 TI - [Postmenopausal loss of bone calcium]. PMID- 7256970 TI - [The great Danish health project for 16 million Indians. Interview by Thyra Christensen]. PMID- 7256972 TI - Acoustic properties of normal and cancerous human liver-II. Dependence of tissue structure. PMID- 7256971 TI - Acoustic properties of normal and cancerous human liver-I. Dependence on pathological condition. PMID- 7256973 TI - Use of diagnostic ultrasound devices in Canada. PMID- 7256974 TI - Dependability of B-scan and real time measurements by a newly trained operator. PMID- 7256975 TI - Pulsed Enhancement of acoustic cavitation: a postulated model. PMID- 7256976 TI - Effects of ultrasound on Drosophila: III. Exposure of larvae to low-temporal average-intensity, pulsed irradiation. PMID- 7256977 TI - The effect of 1 MHz ultrasound on the proliferation of synchronized Chinese hamster V-79 cells. PMID- 7256978 TI - [Release and diffusion of methylmethacrylic monomers after the implantation of self curing bone cements. Study on laboratory specimens and animal experiments (author's transl)]. AB - In this study the degree and the time interval of the release of toxic methylmethacrylic monomers in neighboring bone tissue has been investigated after implantation of self couring acrylic cements. It has been shown that the majority of unpolymerized monomers is diminuated by a biologically uneffective later polymerization; thus only a minor part of methylmethacrylic monomers undergoes diffusion. The processes occur mainly during the first 24 hrs after implantation and are below the laboratory detection after 2 weeks. Cement additives such as X ray contrast materials (BaSO4 or ZrO2) do not influence these reactions. Among the cements investigated herein (CMW-bone cement, Surgical simplex, Palacos) pronounced differences in the release of residual monomers during the first week have clearly been demonstrated. PMID- 7256980 TI - [Rupture of the diaphragma caused by blunt trauma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256981 TI - [Injuries of the rotator cuff of the shoulder - experiences in diagnosis and treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Arthrography is an established method to verify injuries of the rotator cuff of the shoulder. In this paper referring about 32 patients with 34 cuff injuries the results after operation (16 patients) and conservative treatment (18 patients) are compared. The following statements based on our experiences are possible: If conservative treatment is without result, operation should be done within 8 weeks after the accident. - Because of the danger of exostoses at the point of the osteotomy of the acromion which includes the restriction of movement, the transacromial approach is not advisable. - If there is only a small space between the acromion and the humeral head resection of the coracoacromial ligament is an advisable method for better admittance to the shoulder joint. - A sufficient treatment in the postoperative phase is of great importance for a good functional result. PMID- 7256979 TI - [The impairment of stress parameters by hip joint close operations and the influence of anaesthesia. Preliminary results of a prospective study (author's transl)]. AB - A randomized study was done to evaluate operation stress of reconstructive surgical procedures in the pelvic and femoral regions in regional anaesthesia compared to general anaesthesia. Spinal anaesthesia showed more favourable parameters of plasma catecholamines and plasmacortisol. In blood pressure and heart rate there was no significant difference between both anaesthetic groups. According to these (preliminary) results the authors consider spinal anaesthesia a more adequate method of intraoperative anesthesia. PMID- 7256982 TI - [Closed intramedullary nailing of femur shaft fractures - experiences in 245 cases (author's transl)]. AB - A follow-up study is given of 245 femoral shaft fractures, treated 1961-1975 with closed reduction and intramedullary nailing. 141 patients were examined personally 19-5 years after operation. The results were excellent in 75,9%, fair in 20,6%, and poor in 3,5%. Deep infections occurred in 2,4%. The number of patients was also subdivided in regard to indication, concomitant injuries, postoperative fatalities, pathologic fractures etc. PMID- 7256984 TI - [Screw-osteosynthesis of fractures of the dens axis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256983 TI - Changes in blood-flow in the bones after osteotomy and osteosynthesis. AB - The blood-flow can be measured with the method of "tracer microspheres". In 15 adult shepherd-dog bastards the blood-flow in the bones of the posterior extremity was determined. The blood-flow in callous bone is 6 times higher than in cortical bone. The values for blood-flow are decreasing from the proximal to the distal end, in cortical as well as in callous bone. In 10 of the 15 dogs the blood-flow was determined after manipulation of the bone. If the medullary cavity of the tibia was evacuated the blood-flow of the corticalis in the bone shaft diminished; it was reduced 3 times more than after removal of the periost. If an osteotomy was performed in the middle of the shaft, the blood-flow was more reduced distally than proximally. In the corticalis of the shaft the blood-flow of the proximal fragment drops only when an osteosynthesis is performed. In extended oblique fractures the upper ends of the fragments--proximally as well as distally--are endangered by a reduction of the blood-flow. PMID- 7256985 TI - [Skier's thumb (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256987 TI - [Wound infection in traumatology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256986 TI - [Classification of fractures in childhood especially in relation to traumatic lesions of the epiphyseal plate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256988 TI - [Morphologic examination of animal-experiment results: comparison with regeneration of the human bone-structure. I. Research methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256989 TI - [Morphological examination of animal-experiment results: comparison with regeneration of the human bone-structure. II. Research results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7256990 TI - [Current developments in the treatment of tubular infertility: the role of microsurgery]. PMID- 7256991 TI - [Nutritional consequences of a vegetarian diet]. PMID- 7256992 TI - [Reactivation level of erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase: an indicator of the degree of lead absorption]. PMID- 7256995 TI - [A young bald women]. PMID- 7256994 TI - [Hemoglobin J Baltimore 16 Gly leads to Asp in a young woman with cyanosis]. PMID- 7256993 TI - [Uremic colitis syndrome]. PMID- 7256996 TI - [Refugee children from South East Asia. Quebec experience]. PMID- 7256997 TI - [Vegetarianism, a new lifestyle in Quebec]. PMID- 7256998 TI - [The language of medicine]. PMID- 7256999 TI - [Solving clinical problems in the undergraduate medical studies program: a pilot project]. PMID- 7257000 TI - [Study of the validity of a certification exam]. PMID- 7257001 TI - [The triple jump: a structured technic for the evaluation of problem solving and self-learning aptitude]. PMID- 7257002 TI - [Medical Society of Montreal, session of February 28, 1872]. PMID- 7257003 TI - [Hyperbaric medicine in Quebec]. PMID- 7257005 TI - [Tinea of the groin crease]. PMID- 7257004 TI - [Cerebral lateralization: application to psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine]. PMID- 7257006 TI - [Sterilization and mental deficiency: survey among obstetricians and gynecologists in Quebec]. PMID- 7257007 TI - [Prospective study of arterial pressure in pregnancy: obstetrical and neonatal consequences. Preliminary results in 149 patients]. PMID- 7257008 TI - [The place of sismotherapy at the Albert Prevost Pavilion]. PMID- 7257009 TI - [Treatment of drug poisoning by tricyclic antidepressant agents: for or against the use of physostigmine]. PMID- 7257010 TI - [Health needs and health care of adolescents at the Probation Services of the Montreal Metropolitan Center for Social Services]. PMID- 7257013 TI - Urodynamic effects of oral benzilonium bromide in healthy subjects. AB - Benzilonium bromide (Ulcoban) has been tried in oral administration in 10 healthy volunteers, 5 of whom got the substance in a fast-release form and 5 in a combination of fast- and slow-release preparation. Serum concentration analyses show that the subject after 1 week of treatment has a certain amount of active substance in blood 12 h after the last administration. There is an increase in serum concentration during the morning hours after administration of another dose at least 1 h before breakfast. The serum concentration is higher when the fast release form is used. We found in the urodynamic investigation, after 1 week of treatment, an effect on detrusor pressures and urinary flow. In micturitions with a large initial bladder volume, when the patient more easily can initiate a micturition, the difference is not statistically significant. When the initial bladder filling is small, it is more difficult to initiate a micturition, and at an initial bladder volume of 200 ml the difference between micturition with and without benzilonium bromide is more marked, especially in urinary flow and detrusor pressures where the differences are statistically significant. PMID- 7257012 TI - Vasoseminal vesiculography before and after ejaculation. AB - Vasoseminal vesiculographies before and after ejaculation were compared in 16 cases of male sterility. In 12 cases the contrast medium was excreted into the ejaculate and the contours of the seminal vesicles were contracted after ejaculation. In 4 cases, however, there was little or no contraction of the seminal vesicles. Here the seminal tracts were considered to be abnormal and this dysfunction seems to be the cause or at least one of the cofactors responsible for sterility. The degree of excretion of contrast medium into the ejaculate seems to depend on the function of the seminal tract. Therefore, a postejaculation seminal vesiculogram is useful as a parameter for estimating the function of the seminal tract. PMID- 7257011 TI - Fibrinolytic degradation products in the urine of carcinoma of the prostate patients. AB - A study of the levels of urinary fibrinolytic degradation products was undertaken in patients with different stages of carcinoma of the prostate trying to detect latent fibrinolysis. No differences between the control group and patients with carcinoma were found. The search for a rapid screening diagnostic test for latent intravascular coagulation should be pursued in order to prevent possible bleeding complications in these patients. PMID- 7257014 TI - Special issue on percutaneous interventional techniques. PMID- 7257015 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy--technique. AB - Percutaneous nephrostomy is increasingly used for temporary relief of upper urinary tract obstruction. The technique described involves the use of angiographic catheters and guides, and will provide drainage for several weeks or months. The patient is placed in the prone oblique position after intravenous contrast to opacify the kidneys. The oblique position ensures that a needle advanced vertically toward the kidney will pass along a posterior oblique line, entering the outer aspect of the kidney away from the hilum and directing guide wires and catheters toward the ureter. A fine needle is passed vertically into the kidney to determine its depth and to provide a pyelogram. A needle-cannula is then directed at the collecting system along a similar line until urine comes back. An angiographic J-guide is introduced and the needle exchanged for a series of vessel dilators, to dilate the track through the tissues. Finally, a catheter is passed over the guide wire into the collecting system, secured to the patient and attached to the drainage bag. Other maneuvers such as ureteral stenting can be added to this technique. The complications and technical difficulties are discussed. PMID- 7257016 TI - The Seldinger approach to percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteral stent placement. AB - The Seldinger approach to percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteral stent placement involves needle-puncture, guide wire introduction, tract dilation and catheter placement as in angiography. We have used this approach on 101 obstructed renal units without significant complication. Techniques are described in detail with special attention given to those for negotiating tortuous ureters. A guide wire through the kidney to the bladder can be used to place an indwelling stent either from above or below in order to free the patient completely from external appliances. These techniques afford exciting new alternatives in the management of common urological problems. Most of all, they offer nonoperative palliation to terminal cancer patients and suitable alternatives to patients too ill to undergo surgery. PMID- 7257017 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy and related pyeloureteral manipulative techniques. PMID- 7257019 TI - Percutaneous upper urinary tract dynamics in equivocal obstruction. AB - Percutaneous pressure flow studies in the upper urinary tract remain the definitive method of distinguishing stasis from obstruction. They are not technically difficult and the results of 2 large series show minimal, minor complication rates. The results in over 200 studies show that a clear-cut answer as to whether or not an obstruction is present is obtained in over 95% of patients, the remainder showing pressures in an equivocal range. PMID- 7257018 TI - Periureteral thin-needle aspiration biopsy. AB - The relatively common occurrence of ureteral obstruction in patients with known malignancy elsewhere presents an interesting clinical problem. In those who have undergone abdominal surgery or radiation therapy for malignancy, it is difficult to determine whether ureteral obstruction is the complication of therapy or of recurrent metastatic carcinoma. Transperitoneal thin-needle aspiration biopsy provides an acceptable alternative in determining the true cause of the obstruction. This procedure is competitive with explorative surgery and laparoscopy and is much more specific than CT, excretory urography, and other imaging modalities. In our series of 32 patients, biopsy revealed metastatic tumor in 18 patients, thus altering their clinical management. PMID- 7257020 TI - Percutaneous upper urinary tract dynamics in equivocal obstruction (Whitaker). PMID- 7257021 TI - Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. AB - One to 2 percent of the 25,000,000 hypertensive patients in the United States have renovascular hypertension. Until recently, the treatment of choice for a patient with an ischemic, renin-producing kidney that caused hypertension involved a major abdominal operation. Percutaneous catheter techniques are now available that permit correction of a renal artery stenosis under fluoroscopic guidance. This percutaneous transluminal angioplasty procedure has received much attention, but to date no long-term follow-up studies are available. Because of the limited life-expectancy of patients with a generalized arteriosclerotic process and the relatively high risk of operative procedures in this group of patients, it would seem appropriate to consider percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty as an alternative method in the management of the patient with renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7257022 TI - Transluminal renal artery dilatation in hypertension: technique, results, and complications in 60 cases. PMID- 7257023 TI - Technique and complications of renal carcinoma infarction. AB - The technique of renal arterial embolization in 150 patients with renal carcinoma using Gelfoam, Ivalon particles, and coils is described. The complications of the procedure and the morbidity and mortality following embolization are presented. The details of the postinfarction syndrome in the first 100 patients are analyzed. The prevention of these complications is discussed. PMID- 7257024 TI - Partial rat kidney resection using autologous fibrinogen thrombin adhesive system. AB - The Fibrinogen Thrombin Adhesive System (FTAS) enables local haemostasis to occur in parenchymatous organs without tissue damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation of FTAS and the process of wound healing after partial kidney resection in rats using FTAS for induction of local haemostasis. In 28 rats partial kidney resection was performed bilaterally. Haemostasis was achieved with Fibrinogen Thrombin Adhesive System. Four experimental groups were formed. Group A (n = 3): Haemostasis with unlabelled FTAS, subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml = 60 mu Ci Na 125I. Group B (n = 3): Haemostasis with unlabelled FTAS, subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml = 60 mu Ci 125I FTAS. Group C (n = 6): Haemostasis with 125I labelled FTAS. Group D (n = 16): treated like Group C. In Groups A - C 125I-elimination in 24 h urine samples was determined with a gamma scintillation counter. Pairs of animals in Group D were killed after 2, 6, 12 and 24 h and 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. Kidneys were examined under the light and electron microscope and by autoradiography. In animals of Groups B and C two peaks of 125I excretion were observed: one peak within the first 48 h postoperatively which corresponded to the amount of free iodine injected with FTAS (FTAS contains 15% free iodine); a second peak after 120 h which was most probably due to the degradation of FTAS. Fibrinolysis was not observed. FTAS was resorbed mainly by macrophages. The time course of wound healing paralleled that of physiological fibrinogen concentration. Renal parenchymal damage was not observed. PMID- 7257025 TI - Effect of sludge ice cooling on renal function and renal histology in the dog. AB - The effect of sludge ice surface cooling on the compensatory hypertrophied dog kidney was investigated. Renal function was measured prior to and on days 1, 3 and 7 after the cooling procedure by means of inulin clearance, PAH clearance and sodium excretion capacity during normal hydration and after volume expansion. No alteration in renal function was shown. No freezing lesions or thromboses were seen on histological examination. PMID- 7257026 TI - The cellular reaction of kidney after different physical injuries. AB - Autoradiographic investigations on kidney cells were performed after focal cryolesions (-180 to -196 degrees C) and focal heat application (740 degrees C). Cells were studied 12 h to 30 days after the lesions had been produced. In the damage granulation tissue the percentage of radioactively labelled fibroblasts as well as the percentage distribution of leucocytes, monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblasts and fibrocytes and the mean cell concentration were determined. There were no significant differences in the leucocytic and monocytic cell reactions after the two types of physical injuries. However, the percentage of fibroblasts, fibrocytes and macrophages was higher and the percentage of lymphocytes lower after cryonecrosis when compared to heat application. The cell concentration increased during the last 2 weeks of the experimental time after a thermolesion. The labelling index of the wound fibroblasts was significantly higher after the 10th day after thermonecrosis than after in sinus freezing. The increased cellular activity 2 to 4 weeks after heat coagulation of the kidney was probably induced by the delayed resorption of the carbonised necrotic tissue. The reduced phagocytic activity of macrophages might have depended on alteration and modification of molecular cell structures which were different after heat application of freezing. The different lymphocytic reaction seems to be the consequence of different immune responses of the lymphatic system. It is suggested that focal thermolesions may have a stimulatory effect on the cell mediated immune response and that focal cryonecrosis may induce an increase in humoral immune response. PMID- 7257028 TI - Is the enuretic female bladder without instability normal? AB - Twenty-one females with a history of nocturnal enuresis were found to have stable bladders on cystometric testing. A stable detrusor is defined as one that is capable of contraction but does not develop abnormal contractions on filling inspite of provocative testing by rapid filling, standing, coughing and erect filling. A detailed assessment of 10 measurements revealed abnormalities in 19 of the 21 cases. This result strengthens the theory that for nocturnal enuresis to occur, two abnormalities are necessary: (a) failure of a full bladder to arouse from sleep, and (b) an abnormality of bladder/urethral function. Identifiable causes of nocturnal enuresis included a small functional bladder capacity, outlet obstruction, increased detrusor contractility and low urethral closure pressure. PMID- 7257027 TI - Renal lesions after unilateral ureterosigmoidostomy in the rabbit: preliminary results. AB - Unilateral ureterosigmoidostomy (U.S.S.) was performed on 15 rabbits and then the animals were sacrificed after 3, 8 and 15 months. The gross appearance of the kidney and radiological investigations revealed enlargement of the pelvis and of the ureter on the operated side although the anastomosis was patent in all cases. In rabbits sacrificed 8 months after U.S.S. an adenomatous polyp was present at the site of anastomosis. Histological examination of the affected kidney showed pyelonephritis secondary to obstruction and immunopathological studies revealed in some rabbits glomerular and tubular deposition of immunoglobulins and complement. The contralateral kidney was always normal. Biochemical investigations showed only a moderate increase in blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine values. PMID- 7257029 TI - The effects of low-dose heparin treatment on patients undergoing transvesical prostatectomy. AB - Post-operative venous thrombosis, blood loss and pre- and post-operative plasma heparin concentrations were studied in a prospective double blind trial with low dose heparin therapy in 59 patients undergoing transvesical prostatectomy. Thrombosis rate, diagnosed with the 125I-fibrinogen method, was significantly reduced in the first 5 post-operative days, i.e. during but not after the period of heparin therapy. One patient who developed major thrombosis in spite of heparin prophylaxis is presented. Heparin therapy did not increase average blood loss, but was suspected to be the cause of severe bleeding in 1 patient, who may have had a latent hemorrhagic diathesis. Plasma heparin levels were significantly raised during heparin therapy, and were significantly lower in both heparin and placebo treated patients on days when thromboses started. PMID- 7257031 TI - Voiding disorders in young male adult. AB - Two hundred four male patients (aged twenty to forty-five years) with symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction have been investigated by urodynamic studies. Patients with symptoms of bladder overactivity (53 per cent) had a low incidence of bladder outflow obstruction but a high incidence of bladder hypersensitivity and bladder instability. Their symptomatic complaints accurately reflected their cystometric findings and, therefore, a urine flow rate estimation was the only necessary urodynamic investigation in most cases. Urine flow studies are an essential first investigation in all patients with possible bladder outflow obstruction (26 per cent), and full studies were necessary in many patients to discriminate the low flow rates produced both by outflow obstruction and by bladder underactivity which were diagnosed in a high proportion of patients. Similarly, in the neurologically abnormal patients (12 per cent), full urodynamic studies were necessary with the studies described in this article the minimum required. PMID- 7257030 TI - ABH antigenicity of in situ carcinoma of the urinary bladder during intracavity treatment with doxorubicin hydrochloride. AB - Ten patients with carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder were treated topically with doxorubicin hydrochloride. Blood group antigens were evaluated by the specific red cell adherence tests. Carcinoma in situ was associated with the loss of antigenicity, the reappearance of which could be demonstrated in patients with tumour remission. This occurred in spite of a persistent nuclear atypia. PMID- 7257032 TI - Simplified nonrefluxing ileovesical anastomosis. Experimental study and clinical application. AB - A simplified ileovesical anastomosis is herein described. It prevents vesicoileal reflux and allows for unimpeded efflux of urine into the bladder. The technique involves implanting 3 inches of distal ileum into a denuded muscular bed in the bladder. Vesical mucosa grows over the ileum creating an effective valvular mechanism. Experimental work done on the canine bladder and the use of this technique in 2 patients is described. PMID- 7257033 TI - Prospective study of intravesical dimethyl sulfoxide in treatment of suspected early interstitial cystitis. AB - The efficacy of intravesical instillations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the treatment of suspected early interstitial cystitis was investigated in a prospective study. Among 20 patients treated, complete symptomatic remissions were achieved in 3, partial symptomatic remissions were achieved in 16, and 1 had no symptomatic improvement. However, functional bladder capacities following treatment were increased by more than 25 per cent in only 4 cases. Among 16 patients who experienced symptomatic remissions and who have been followed for greater than or equal to four months, 14 had sustained remissions (mean follow-up eleven months) and 2 had unsustained remissions. Clinically apparent toxicity was minimal but transient elevation of the serum lactic acid dehydrogenase was occasionally observed during treatment. DMSO appears to be useful in the management of carefully selected patients with suspected early interstitial cystitis. PMID- 7257034 TI - Female relative hypospadias: clinicopathologic features. AB - Female relative hypospadias is claimed to be uncommon, and its relation to recurrent lower urinary tract infection is controversial. The pathologic features in 32 females are presented with respect to findings in the lower urinary tract. This series revealed 3 cases of female relative hypospadias, 2 of which showed evidence of persistent cystitis. Although this study is limited, the findings are suggestive of a clinicopathologic relationship between the two conditions and a wider clinical study is recommended. PMID- 7257035 TI - Endoscopic internal urethrotomy for treatment of urethral strictures: midterm survey. AB - Success in the management of urethral strictures can be claimed only after many years, patients sometimes faring well for ten years or more before suffering a recurrence. We used endoscopic urethrotomy as primary treatment for a variety of urethral strictures in 123 patients. Follow-up is over two years for 63 patients and more than five years for 18. Over-all success rate at five years was 76 per cent. Failures are twice as frequent in strictures, regardless of their origin, involving the anterior urethra than in the bulbar or posterior urethra. Two thirds occurred in the first year of follow-up, but, as in other techniques, recurrence can occur after four years. PMID- 7257036 TI - Gonococcal strictures in young patients. PMID- 7257037 TI - Combined modality therapy with conservation of organ function in childhood genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - Recent refinements in the multimodal therapy of childhood genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma have produced striking improvements in long-term survival rates while still preserving pelvic organ function in the majority of cases. Three illustrative cases of childhood pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma are presented. Chemotherapy and surgical staging are employed in all 3 cases, with 2 of the cases requiring additional local tumor excision and intraurethral radiation for control of residual microscopic tumor. While long-term follow-up has not been achieved, all 3 patients have had their pelvic organs preserved and remain tumor free in follow-up periods ranging from twelve to twenty-four months after the initial diagnosis. PMID- 7257038 TI - New treatment for extensive condylomata acuminata: external radiation therapy. PMID- 7257039 TI - Role of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in testicular cancer. AB - Changes in the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase have been noted to reflect growth and/or regression in many patients with testicular tumors, but they were nonspecific. However, elevation of the first of the LDH isoenzymes (LD-1) has been found specific to testicular cancer among all neoplasms. In this prospective preliminary report of 19 testicular cancer patients serum LD-1 was found to be normal in 4 patients with no tumor present. Therefore, there were no false positive findings. Of 6 patients with microscopic disease, LD-1 level was normal. Of 9 patients with gross disease, 5 had elevated serum LD-1 and 4 had normal LD 1. Of 4 patients with seminoma, 3 had elevated LD-1 while all 4 patients had no other elevated markers. It appears that elevation of serum LD-1 provides a marker for seminoma and a marker with some specificity for testicular cancer. PMID- 7257040 TI - Evaluation of cystography for detection of bladder carcinoma in mice: comparison with urinary cytology. AB - Cystography was compared to urinary cytology in an effort to determine whether or not this modality might be useful in the detection of FANFT-induced bladder tumors in mice. Compared to gross examination of the bladders in 24 mice, cystography had the same degree of accuracy as urinary cytology--79.2 per cent. Comparison of the cystographic and cytologic diagnoses with histology revealed that cytology was more accurate, 79.2 vs 66.6 per cent. Cystography was especially helpful in detecting papillary tumors while cytology was more accurate in the detection of high-grade, high-stage tumors or carcinoma in situ (CIS). Cystography in mice can complement cytology as an additional useful technique for detection of bladder carcinoma. PMID- 7257041 TI - Serial changes in renal function and blood flow after nephrectomy. PMID- 7257042 TI - Embryonal carcinoma of testis presenting as epididymal mass in an infant. PMID- 7257043 TI - Unusual case of urethral carcinoma. PMID- 7257045 TI - Bladder malignancy in patient receiving cyclophosphamide for benign disease. PMID- 7257044 TI - Epididymal calcification in genital filariasis. AB - Although calcification of the epididymis has been described occasionally in the histologic sections of sperm granuloma, epididymal tuberculosis, and filarial funiculoepididymitis, it has not been demonstrated radiologically. Two cases of epididymal calcification due to long-standing genital filariasis are presented. Both the patients presented with chronic bilateral funiculoepididymitis, and in one secondary sterility also developed due to destruction and calcification of both the epididymides. Calcification of the epididymis in filariasis appears to be due to calcification of the dead adult filarial worm. Radiologic demonstration of this calcification would help to differentiate various types of funiculoepididymitis. PMID- 7257046 TI - Preoperative determination of inflatable penile prosthesis cylinder length. PMID- 7257047 TI - Transurethral resection of lesions in dome of bladder. PMID- 7257048 TI - Carcinosarcoma of prostate. AB - A case of carcinosarcoma of the prostate is described. Review of the literature revealed few cases, only 2 being well documented. The tumor presented as a urethral polypoid obstruction of the bladder neck and proved to involve bilaterally, the prostate and the seminal vesicles with metastases to the regional lymph nodes. Light microscopic findings are described as a multimorphic tumor with simultaneous presence of sarcoma, characteristically being malignant cartilage, rhabdomyosarcomatous component, and poorly differentiated carcinomatous areas. Controversy of this morphologic entity is discussed briefly. These tumors are highly anaplastic and rapidly fatal. PMID- 7257049 TI - Cholesterol granuloma of tunica vaginalis simulating testicular tumor. PMID- 7257050 TI - Case profile: carcinoma of bladder mimicking simple ureterocele. PMID- 7257051 TI - Renal failure induced by contrast material. AB - Transitory and occasionally irreversible renal failure secondary to parenterally administered iodinated contrast material is now well documented. Diabetes and pre existing renal insufficiency are the two most important risk factors. Intravascular contrast examinations should be avoided whenever possible in high risk patients, particularly diabetics with creatinine levels of 5 dl./ml. or higher. Alternative methods for the etiologic evaluation of renal failure or hematuria are suggested. PMID- 7257052 TI - Automated water-path ultrasonic examination of scrotum. AB - A new method of examining the scrotum by ultrasound with an automated water-path scanner is described. This method allows immobility of the scrotum in a more acceptable and painless way than in contact scanning methods. Panoramic scans of the entire scrotum and precision tomographic plane placement are advantages over conventional techniques. A description of normal scrotal anatomy includes the mediastinum of the testis, an important scrotal landmark. Representative cases of benign and malignant scrotal disease are presented to emphasize the utility of water-path scanning. PMID- 7257053 TI - Ultrasonic biometry of the posterior ocular coats. PMID- 7257054 TI - Corneal changes in primary congenital glaucoma. PMID- 7257055 TI - Ocular manifestations of intracranial chordomas. AB - Sixty-three patients with confirmed intracranial chordoma were studied retrospectively to determine the incidence of various presenting symptoms and signs. Most of the ocular signs were due to cranial nerve involvement. Sixth cranial nerve palsy occurred as the sole presenting sign in 29% of patients, whereas extraocular muscle palsies of various combinations were present in 62%. Visual field defects were demonstrated in 24% of patients, but only 19% had papilledema or optic atrophy. The chordomas arose from the clivus in 92% of patients, but different patterns of cranial nerve involvement occurred which correlated with the different sites of extension of the tumor. PMID- 7257056 TI - Antihistamines as prophylaxis against side reactions to intravenous fluorescein. AB - Systemic antihistamines were administered prior to dye injection in 50 patients undergoing fluorescein angiography. The patients were monitored for side effects. Venous blood samples were obtained before and at three, ten and thirty minutes after intravenous administration of sodium fluorescein and analyzed for histamine levels. Three patients (6%) developed minor side effects of nausea or dizziness; this compares to an incidence of 21% in a previous series of patients from our institution untreated with antihistamines. A three-fold increase in plasma histamine levels occurred in 28% of patients following fluorescein and antihistamine injection; this compares with a 26% incidence of increase in plasma histamine in patients receiving fluorescein without antihistamines (as determined in a previous study). Prophylactic antihistamines should be considered in patients undergoing fluorescein angiography if they have a history of previous allergies or side reactions during prior fluorescein studies. However, complete prophylaxis against severe side reactions to fluorescein injections is not assured with antihistamines. PMID- 7257058 TI - Photochemotherapy and the eye: photoprotective factors. AB - The photosensitizer, 8-Methoxypsoralen, binds reversibly to a greater extent to human serum albumin than to human lens in the absence of UVA irradiation. Since experimental and clinical evidence suggests that peak levels in skin exceed those in plasma, which in turn exceed those in the lens, 5 to 10 fold more UVA is required to induce lenticular injury than to produce a threshold skin effect. To prevent the potential photoactivation of residual of 8-MOP in the lens, UVA opaque wraparound sunglasses should be worn for 24 hours after drug ingestion. Glasses with limited UVA transmission but good visible transmission should be worn after the 24 hour period following drug ingestion or indoors during the first 24 hours as a substitute for the wraparound. Every effort should be made to insure complete compliance in the wearing of UVA photoprotective lenses by all psoralen photosensitized patients. PMID- 7257057 TI - Treatment of gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with low arginine diet. AB - In gyrate atrophy the blood ornithine is grossly elevated, due to deficiency of ornithine ketoacid transaminase, which converts ornithine towards glutamic acid. Two patients with gyrate atrophy have been treated with a low arginine diet and their blood ornithine levels have been reduced to near normal. At this level hyperammonemia may result from overtreatment, but this can be quickly cleared by a small dose of arginine. There has also been some improvement in vision, but no clearing of the gyrate areas. Future care with this regimen seems possible and improvements in handling of these patients are likely. PMID- 7257059 TI - Environmental temperature and senile cataract. PMID- 7257060 TI - Diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma. PMID- 7257061 TI - Therapy of intraepithelial epitheliomas and squamous cell carcinoma of the limbus. PMID- 7257062 TI - Lacrimal sac fistulas. PMID- 7257063 TI - Pupillary dysfunction in macular disease. PMID- 7257064 TI - Peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy. PMID- 7257065 TI - An anatomical reevaluation of rectus muscle insertions. AB - Certain strabismus operations require a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of rectus muscle insertions. Earlier anatomical studies were based on a small sample size and did not use precise microscopic techniques for measurements. To obtain accurate measurements of rectus muscle insertion relationships, 100 consecutive normal adult autopsy eyes were examined with a Vernier caliper and a dissecting microscope for high magnification. Statistical analysis of these data provided a set of normal values for (1) distances from anterior and posterior limbus to rectus muscle insertions, (2) distances between anterior and posterior limbus, (3) length of line ("width") of rectus muscle insertions, and (4) distances between rectus muscle insertions. Although most of the determinations were somewhat similar to previous studies, statistically they were significantly different. The ophthalmologist can make use of the revised set of figures for rectus muscle insertion relationships in operations such as transposition procedures for A-V patterns and cranial nerve palsies, large recessions, and advancements in reoperations after recessions. PMID- 7257068 TI - Extended wear contact lenses for aphakic correction experiences with the Cooper Permalens: a preliminary report. PMID- 7257066 TI - Retinal breaks caused by blunt nonperforating trauma at the point of impact. PMID- 7257067 TI - Conjunctival melanomas: prognostic factors a review and an analysis of a series. PMID- 7257069 TI - Circulatory changes in the eye associated with retinal detachment and its repair. PMID- 7257070 TI - Retinal dialysis: a statistical and genetic study to determine pathogenic factors. PMID- 7257071 TI - Peripheral iridectomy: fifteen years later. PMID- 7257072 TI - Extracapsular cataract extraction and pseudophakos implantation in primates: a clinico-pathologic study. AB - Eighteen Rhesus monkeys underwent lens implantation with Choyce Mark VIII, Binkhorst iridocapsular, and Shearing posterior chamber lenses. They were sacrificed 4 to 28 months following surgery. The eyes were compared clinically and histologically. Controls included unoperated eyes and eyes with lens extraction without implantation. Several histologic findings pertained equally to cataract extraction with or without lens implantation. Late opacification of the posterior capsule was caused by migration and fibrous metaplasia of the lens epithelial cells. These cells appeared to undergo such metaplasia only when exposed directly to aqueous, never when they were in firm apposition to another tissue such as another layer of capsular epithelium, lens cortex, or iris. Also strong fibrous posterior synechiae between the iris and lens remnants occurred only where the anterior lens capsule was missing. All implants were well tolerated clinically. Histologically they showed remarkably little inflammation. The eyes with Binkhorst lenses had a mild tendency to focal loss of iris pigment epithelium and some showed pigmented macrophages in the iris stroma and trabecular mesh. The Choyce lenses frequently displayed marked displacement and thinning of the iris root, and occasionally showed a few chronic inflammatory cells and thin fibrous encapsulation around the implant feet. The Shearing lenses had no effect on the adjacent ciliary body when the loops were well seated in the lens capsule, but when a loop was anterior to the capsule, it eroded into the ciliary body. The loops developed a thin fibrous capsule within the ciliary body with very little chronic inflammatory reaction, but the long term effect of such loops lying in the ciliary body is undetermined. At present it is recommended that, if such a lens is implanted, every effort be made to ensure both loops lie in the capsular envelope. On the basis of this study, it is also recommended that in removing such a lens, one must assume that a loop might lie embedded in the ciliary body and cut the lens free from the loops before removing it. PMID- 7257073 TI - Iridotomies in cynomolgus monkeys using a Q-switched ruby laser. PMID- 7257074 TI - Clinical research methodology in ophthalmology. PMID- 7257075 TI - Epinephrine distribution after topical administration to phakic and aphakic eyes. AB - Not infrequently an important clinical drug is found to have side-effects far beyond those initially anticipated. Epinephrine, administered topically in the management of open-angle glaucoma, effectively lowers intraocular pressure, but it has side-effects which may be both local and systemic. As a first approach to the understanding of these widespread effects, the present studies report the specific distribution of radioactivity labeled epinephrine--after it is applied topically to one eye--in the same eye, the opposite eye, and in other certain nonocular tissues. Further, because of the existence of the clinical syndrome known as "aphakic epinephrine maculopathy," similar measurements of distribution of labeled epinephrine after topical administration are reported for aphakic eyes. Autoradiography is used to localize radioactive epinephrine specifically within tissues histologically, and radiochromatography is used to confirm specific association of radioactivity with chemically authentic epinephrine. In general, after topical administration, the exogenously administered epinephrine is taken up and stored substantially in the iris and ciliary body and to a lesser extent in the choroid in the treated eye. If the treated eye is aphakic, significantly more labeled epinephrine appears in the choroid. Far less epinephrine is found in the retina and still less in the optic nerve of the treated eye, but uptake and storage in these tissues also increases substantially in the treated eye if the eye is aphakic. Very small but definitely measurable and identifiable amounts of epinephrine also appear in the tissues of the opposite eye, again in similar proportions. There is no difference in the amount of epinephrine which appears in the opposite eye if either or both eyes are aphakic. Significant amounts of epinephrine are also seen in nonocular tissues such as those of the heart and spleen following topical administration. While these findings do not speak to the mechanism of epinephrine side-effects on the anterior eye, the posterior eye, the opposite eye, or on systemic tissues and organs, they do address the possibility that epinephrine can cause side-effects in these areas by demonstrating its localization there following topical administration. These findings have clinical implications relevant to glaucoma management, to toxic ocular syndromes such as epinephrine maculopathy in aphakia, and to toxic systemic effects of epinephrine. PMID- 7257076 TI - Ultrastructural and biochemical evaluation of adrenal medullary hyperplasia and pheochromocytoma in aged bulls. AB - Pheochromocytomas and adrenal medullary hyperplasia were investigated ultrastructurally and by assaying catecholamines in tissue and urine. Three of seven bulls had concomitant thyroid C-cell neoplasms and normal parathyroid glands. Pheochromocytomas were either bilateral or unilateral, and were composed of large chromaffin cells predominantly in the storage phase of the secretory cycle. Two pheochromocytomas were composed of cells with ultrastructural characteristics of the epinephrine-secreting type and contained round secretory granules of low electron density. The norepinephrine-secreting type of chromaffin cell predominated in one pheochromocytoma and had storage granules with an electron-dense, eccentric core and a wide submembranous space. Two pheochromocytomas were composed of a mixture of epinephrine- and norepinephrine secreting cells. Adrenal medullary hyperplasia in four bulls consisted of multinodular or diffuse areas of hyperchromatic chromaffin cells that were non encapsulated, and compressed adjacent cortical tissue. Tissue and urinary concentrations of norepinephrine were increased in bulls with adrenal medullary hyperplasia or pheochromocytoma, but urinary vanillylmandelic acid and unconjugated epinephrine levels were not different from those of control bulls with a normal adrenal medulla. PMID- 7257077 TI - Cerebral venous thrombosis in the rhesus monkey. AB - Cerebral venous thrombosis was identified in four rhesus monkeys. Two initially showed neurologic signs and three had diarrhea or dysentery. All four had severe intestinal disease, including three cases of ulcerative colitis complicated by extracerebral thromboembolic disease. Central nervous system lesions, confined to the centrum semiovale, were multiple thrombi of internal cerebral veins, perivenular demyelination, and gemistocytic astrocytosis. The lesions resembled those found in people with cerebral venous thrombosis, and support the hypothesis that perivenular demyelination may occur as a sequela to venous occlusion. The lesions were identical to those found in "leukoencephalosis and perivascular myelosis," an entity of unknown cause previously described in monkeys. PMID- 7257078 TI - Radicular myelinopathy in aging rats. AB - Naturally occurring degenerative lesions of nerve fibers in the spinal cord, spinal roots and peripheral nerves in nine male rats 877 days old were swollen myelin sheaths, forming "myelin bubbles." The myelin swellings were distributed throughout the spinal tracts and the peripheral nerves, but most frequently in the lumbar ventral spinal roots. Although most axons surrounded by swollen myelin were intact, some were constricted and degenerated, while others showed signs of remyelination. PMID- 7257079 TI - Data management for the International Registry of Reproductive Pathology using SNOMED coding and computerization. AB - The International Registry of Reproductive Pathology contains more than 19,000 case records. It is indexed with the aid of Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) codes and the MUMPS-11 interactive computer language. A package of programs was developed to maintain an index file of cases in the collection and to produce for each species a printed list of case numbers for every combination of topography, morphology and etiology. The printed disease data from the computer are in English with corresponding SNOMED code numbers and relevant case numbers. PMID- 7257082 TI - A mixed mesodermal sarcoma in a Macaca mulatta. PMID- 7257081 TI - Acute experimental canine ehrlichiosis. II. Sequential reaction of the hemic and lymphoreticular system of selectively immunosuppressed dogs. AB - The lymphoreticular response of dogs to Ehrlichia canis infection was studied after immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide or antilymphocyte serum. Immunosuppression did not increase mortality, nor did it prevent or significantly modify the clinical manifestations of acute ehrlichiosis. The clinical, hematologic and serum biochemical characteristics of acute ehrlichiosis appeared seven or more days later in immunosuppressed than in immunologically intact infected dogs. Immunosuppressive therapy generally attenuated the lesions of acute ehrlichiosis. Lymphoreticular tissues were partially depleted of lymphocytes, as would be expected following cyclophosphamide therapy, but the hemopoietic tissue of cyclophosphamide-treated principals was much more cellular than that of the controls, perhaps demonstrating a direct stimulatory effect E. canis infection on bone marrow. Antilymphocyte serum therapy reduced cellularity of the thymic-dependent areas in both the spleen and lymph nodes, but B-cell areas were not affected. The B-cell areas did not increase in activity during infection in the antilymphocyte serum-treated dogs, suggesting the need for an intact T-cell compartment for the lymphocytic proliferation that occurs in nonsuppressed infected dogs. Renal vasculitis and lympho-plasmacytosis were absent and the pulmonary and hepatic lesions were not as pronounced in the dogs given antilymphocyte serum as in immunologically competent infected dogs. PMID- 7257080 TI - Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium, L. var. strumarium) intoxication in swine: review and redefinition of the toxic principle. AB - Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) fed to feeder pigs was associated with acute to subacute hepatotoxicosis. Cotyledonary seedings fed at 0.75% to 3% of body weight or ground bur fed at 20% to 30% of the ration caused acute depression, convulsions, and death. Principle gross lesions were marked serofibrinous ascites, edema of the gallbladder wall, and lobular accentuation of the liver. Acute to subacute centrilobular hepatic necrosis was present microscopically. The previously reported toxic principle, hydroquinone, was not recovered from the plant or bur of X. strumarium. Authentic hydroquinone administered orally failed to produce lesions typical of cocklebur intoxication but did produce marked hyperglycemia. Carboxyatractyloside recovered from the aqueous extract of X. strumarium and authentic carboxyatractyloside, when fed to pigs, caused signs and lesions typical of cocklebur intoxication. Marked hypoglycemia and elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum isocitric dehydrogenase concentrations occurred in pigs with acute hepatic necrosis that had received either cocklebur seedlings, ground bur or carboxyatractyloside. PMID- 7257083 TI - Fibrotic melanoma in a calf. PMID- 7257084 TI - Cerebellar malformation in two dogs and a sheep. PMID- 7257085 TI - Spinal ataxia in a horse caused by a synovial cyst. PMID- 7257086 TI - Canine goblet-cell carcinoid. PMID- 7257087 TI - Canine hepatic carcinoids. AB - In 110 primary hepatic neoplasms in the dog, 15 carcinoids were diagnosed. Diffuse involvement of all liver lobes with severe hemorrhage and necrosis was seen in all cases. The neoplasms had three distinct histologic patterns: solid nests, cords or ribbons; and an alveolar pattern with rosettes. In all three groups there was fibrovascular stroma that was hyalinized, mineralized, and thick in some places. The neoplastic cells were relatively uniform, polygonal to spindle-shaped, with eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm and vesiculated nuclei. Mitotic activity varied among the three groups. Argyrophilia was seen in all specimens stained with modified Grimelius stain. Metastasis occurred in 14 of 15 dogs (93.3%); the peritoneal wall and adjoining lymph nodes were the most common sites. PMID- 7257088 TI - Hypercalcemia associated with an adenocarcinoma derived from the apocrine glands of the anal sac. AB - Clinical, gross, and light microscopic findings are described for 36 dogs, 33 females and three males, with adenocarcinomas arising from the apocrine glands of the anal sac. All tumors had light microscopic features of malignancy and 22 of 23 metastasized to iliac and lumbar lymph nodes. Nine dogs had disseminated metastases, but bone metastases were found in only one dog. Differentiated neoplasms formed secretory acini and tubules lined by tall columnar or cuboidal epithelium. Most neoplasms were histologically bimorphic, with glandular areas and solid nests. Parathyroid glands were atrophic. Hypercalcemia (mean = 16.1 mg/dl) was present in 20 of 22 dogs (90%) and hypophosphatemia (mean = 3.2 mg/dl) in 12 of 17 (71%). Remission of hypercalcemia by tumor ablation and recurrence of hypercalcemia with tumor regrowth suggested that the tumor produced a substance that caused hypercalcemia. This unique clinicopathologic syndrome is characterized by hypercalcemia in old, predominantly female, dogs with an adenocarcinoma arising from the apocrine glands of the anal sac. PMID- 7257089 TI - Canine distemper virus-associated cardiac necrosis in the dog. AB - An age-related canine distemper virus-associated cardiomyopathy characterized by multifocal myocardial degeneration necrosis and mineralization with minimal inflammatory cell response was found in gnotobiotic Beagle pups. Of the 30 dogs infected experimentally at 5 to 7 days of age with virulent R252 strain of canine distemper virus, 11 had gross or microscopic cardiac involvement as early as 16 days post-infection. The 25 dogs similarly infected at 10 to 21 days of age, the uninfected age-matched controls, and pups infected at 5 to 7 days of age with avirulent R252 canine distemper virus had no cardiac lesions. Although the lesions are attributed to a direct viral effect, they occur against a background of other canine distemper virus-related changes including immunosuppression, anemia and encephalomyelitis. All these factors may have a modifying role in the development of this age dependent susceptibility to virus-associated myocardial necrosis. PMID- 7257090 TI - Canine epidermotropic lymphoproliferative disease resembling pagetoid reticulosis in man. AB - Gross lesions in a dog with cutaneous lymphoproliferative disease involved oral mucosa, and footpad and nasal epithelia. The lesions were vesicles, ulcers, erythematous papules, and plaques. The distinctive histologic feature was the predominantly intraepithelial proliferation of a monomorphous population of atypical mononuclear cells, many with bizarre convoluted nuclei. Ultrastructurally the mononuclear cells had few cytoplasmic organelles and resembled lymphocytes. These features distinguish the lesion from the usual canine cutaneous lymphosarcoma and from the canine equivalent of mycosis fungoides. The histology resembles that of pagetoid reticulosis in man. PMID- 7257091 TI - Histocytology of lymphoid tumors in the dog, cat and cow. AB - In a retrospective study of lymphomas in animals, tumors in 72 dogs, 81 cats and 90 cows were classified on the basis of cell size (small, medium and large), nuclear cleavage (follicular center cells), and histologic architecture (nodular or diffuse). Each subtype was classified by age of animal at death, number of metastases, breed, and sex. As in man, nodular cleaved tumors are rare in animals, the cow having the most varied tumor types. There was one cleaved-cell tumor in 72 lymphomas in dogs, 23 of 81 in cats, and 33 of 90 in cows. There were six nodular tumors of 72 in dogs, two of 81 in cats and eight of 90 in cows. Fifteen of 16 nodular lymphomas had noncleaved cells and twelve had small or predominantly small cells. Cats with nodular lymphomas were older at death than cats with diffuse lymphomas. Nodularity was not associated with greater age at death in dogs and cows. Animals with cleaved-cell lymphomas were older at death than those with noncleaved tumors; this difference was highly significant in cows. The number of metastases was greater with nodular tumors in all three species, and was equal in cleaved and noncleaved tumors. The biological behaviour of lymphoid tumors in animals is similar to those in man when the same criteria of classification are used. PMID- 7257093 TI - Olfactory neuroblastoma in a heifer. AB - A nasal neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma) extending into the brain in a heifer produced mouth breathing and proptosis. The mass filled much of the left nasal cavity, palatine sinus and maxillary sinus, with turbinate atrophy and deviation of the septum. Caudally the neoplasm extended into the nasopharynx and olfactory bulb. It was a cellular neoplasm composed of small, undifferentiated piriform cells showing infrequent pseudorosettes and immature axonal processes. Mitosis was common is some areas. PMID- 7257092 TI - Osteochondrosis in feedlot cattle. AB - Beginning in summer 1977 and continuing through four consecutive seasons, we examined lame limb joints from 106 partially fattened cattle and 28,235 pairs of occipital condyles from fully fattened cattle for osteochondrosis. Of the 106 lame cattle, nine (8.5%) had characteristic lesions, usually in their stifle joints, and of the 28,235 atlanto-occipital joints, 1063 (3.8%) had lesions on their condyles. Slices of affected articular cartilage and subjacent bone were studied radiographically and histologically. Radiographs showed subchondral defects and epiphyseal "cyst-like" lesions, and histologic sections showed disarrayed and degenerated chondrocytes. Splits occurred along osteochondral junctions or in adjacent cartilage or bone. Some bone trabeculae had been replaced by fibrous tissue that, in some areas, extended deep into epiphyses. PMID- 7257094 TI - Focal mineralization and nonspecific granulomatous inflammation of respiratory mucous membranes in pigs. AB - Discrete mineralized foci and granulomatous inflammation occurred in the lamina propria mucosae of respiratory mucous membranes of adult pigs. Lesions were present in clinically healthy pigs of both sexes, including castrated males, fed various pelleted or non-pelleted diets. They were mainly in longitudinally corrugated mucosae of the dorsal wall of the trachea. Identical mineralization and inflammation occurred in the nasal cavity and, in decreasing frequency and intensity, in the thoracic trachea and bronchi. The lesions in respiratory mucous membranes occurred in pigs with and without mineralization in other organs. The distribution of lesions in the respiratory tract, and the higher frequency in pigs fed non-pelleted dusty feeds, suggest that focal mineralization was caused by inhaled particles of calcium salts. PMID- 7257095 TI - Short-term effects of dietary nitrilotriacetic acid in the male Charles River rat kidney. AB - Trisodium nitrilotriacetate monohydrate was fed to male weanling Charles River rats for 28 days. Clinical evidence of urinary tract toxicity included hydronephrosis and nephromegaly. Microscopically, severe renal injury was recognized specifically as convoluted tubular cytoplasmic vacuolation and pelvic epithelial erosion. Hyperplasis occurred as a sequela to these specific cytotoxic alterations. PMID- 7257096 TI - Diffuse alveolar damage with fibrosing alveolitis in a horse. PMID- 7257097 TI - Vascular hamartomas in the gingiva of two calves. PMID- 7257098 TI - Phenylbutazone-induced blood dyscrasias suspected in three dogs. AB - Blood dyscrasias developed after drug therapy in three dogs. Two died, one with pancytopenic marrow failure and the other with non-regenerative anaemia and thrombocytopenia. The third dog developed pancytopenia but recovered. An adverse reaction to phenylbutazone was suspected as the cause in each case, although two of the dogs had also received other drugs which sometimes cause blood dyscrasias in humans. PMID- 7257099 TI - Intravenous anaesthesia in horses after xylazine premedication. AB - The effects of combining large doses of xylazine (1.1 mg per kg intravenously) with ketamine, methohexitone and thiopentone were studied in four experimental ponies. Onset of anaesthesia was more delayed after ketamine than after the barbiturates. Assessment of smoothness of induction and recovery indicated that all three combinations were effective and acceptable. Injection of xylazine was followed by atrioventricular (A-V) block which could be prevented by the prior administration of atropine. Blood pressure was well maintained with all three combinations of drugs. Arterial oxygen tension decreased as soon as the ponies became recumbent but there were no marked changes in arterial blood pH or carbon dioxide tension. Cardiac output was measured in one pony and was found to be least affected by ketamine. There was no great difference between the recumbency times after ketamine and methohexitone but thiopentone produced a significantly longer period of recumbency. In every instance the animals stood at the first attempt without struggling or excitement. The ability of the three drug combinations to produce surgically useful anaesthesia was not tested. PMID- 7257100 TI - Ovicidal action of oxfendazole on sheep nematodes. AB - Groups of five sheep naturally infested with gastrointestinal nematodes were dosed with oxfendazole at the rates of 2.5, 3.5, or 4.5 mg per kg and a similar group of five kept as controls. Frequent observations were made on worm egg output and the hatchability of the eggs passed. The first ovicidal activity was apparent five hours after treatment. Within eight hours 99.7 per cent or more of the eggs voided were sterile and by 30 hours there was a 99.9 per cent reduction in the numbers of larvae hatching compared with the controls. Within three days of dosing the faeces of the treated sheep were negative for worm eggs. PMID- 7257101 TI - Aflatoxin B1 in dairy concentrates and other animal feedstuffs. AB - Over a period of 13 years 740 samples of various animal feedstuffs were analysed for the presence of aflatoxin B1. Nearly 500 were suspected of causing disease in farm animals but aflatoxin B1 could be detected in only 13.6 per cent of them. Groundnut meal samples nearly always contained the toxin but compounded feeds were contaminated to a varying extent. In particular, none could be detected in 62 poultry feeds. Where mycotoxicosis was suspected in dairy cattle, aflatoxin B1 was present at levels of more than 30 micrograms per kg in about 27 per cent of associated feed samples. In other dairy feeds (178 samples) this level of contamination was present in only about 9 per cent of samples. Concentrations of aflatoxin B1 likely to produce toxic effects (100 micrograms per kg and above) were present in about 4 per cent of suspect dairy concentrates but in 1 per cent or less of others. Contamination of dairy concentrates with aflatoxin B1 is usually at such a level that cows probably excrete the toxic metabolite aflatoxin M1 in milk at very low concentrations of 0.1 micrograms per litre or less. PMID- 7257102 TI - Incidence of Campylobacter, Salmonella and Shigella infections in dogs in an industrial town. PMID- 7257103 TI - Feline lungworm infection. PMID- 7257105 TI - Canine parvovirus disease. PMID- 7257104 TI - Campylobacter infection from foals. PMID- 7257106 TI - Method for obtaining arterial blood samples. PMID- 7257107 TI - Condemnation of sheep livers probably due to ascariasis. PMID- 7257108 TI - A survey of gastrointestinal parasitism in pigs. AB - Over a period of two years 180 pork pigs, 144 baconers and 144 sows from two slaughterhouses in northern England were examined for gastrointestinal parasites. Sows showed the highest level and intensity of infection, 85 per cent harbouring the dominant parasites Oesophagostomum dentatum and O quadrispinulatum; the highest worm burden recorded was 21,000. Hyostrongylus rubidus was present in 28.5 per cent of sows but virtually absent from younger pigs. Small numbers of Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis were recorded, 16 per cent and 23 per cent respectively in pork pigs and lower in older animals. Levels of parasitism appeared to be influenced by a number of management practices, in particular the housing system. PMID- 7257109 TI - First molar eruption in cattle and its use in age determination. AB - Two studies were undertaken into the intraoral eruption of the first molar in live cattle. The first was a longitudinal survey using monthly observations of Welsh Black bulls and the second involved 300 animals of both sexes and varying breeds, reared under different management systems, using the cross-sectional technique. There were significant differences between the ages at most successive molar codes in both studies. However, a comparison between the two studies showed the mean age at each stage of molar development was higher in the longitudinal study and at three stages this was significant. The age range for each molar code, obtained from the two studies combined, varied between 2.0 and 4.7 months but indicated that the eruption of the first molar tooth was of use in age assessment. PMID- 7257110 TI - Immunisation of pigs with Campylobacter sputorum subspecies mucosalis vaccine. PMID- 7257111 TI - Whole blood cholinesterase activity in cows in El Salvador. PMID- 7257112 TI - Influence of biotin supplementation on foot lesions in sows. PMID- 7257113 TI - Salmonella in pheasants. PMID- 7257115 TI - An outbreak of calf diarrhoea attributed to cryptosporidial infection. PMID- 7257114 TI - Factors influencing uptake of nematode larvae in adult dairy cattle during the grazing season and sources of pasture contamination. AB - Investigations on nine well managed English dairy farms showed that 85.2 per cent of 460 adult cows harboured patent nematode infections, although the worm burdens, as judged by faecal egg counts, were small. Infection took place primarily by the ingestion of grass previously contaminated either directly with bovine faeces or indirectly with slurry. Calves did not appear to contribute to the infectivity of land grazed by adults on these farms. The parasitic challenge to which cows were exposed was dependent upon the feeding regime, grassland management and the season of the year. Generally the intake of infective larvae ranged from 0 to 1500 per day but daily intakes of up to 4520 were recorded. PMID- 7257116 TI - A case of Ascaris suum infection in lambs. PMID- 7257117 TI - Arizona 26:29:30 in sheep in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7257118 TI - Saffan anaesthesia in cats. PMID- 7257119 TI - Prevalence and clinical significance of leptospiral antibodies in pigs in England. AB - The results of leptospiral serology conducted on porcine sera at the Central Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge from 1971 to 1978 were collated and analysed. Sera were available from diagnostic submissions (1622) and from pigs intended fro export (5031). A random sample of 792 sera from 34 herds was also examined. The overall prevalence of infection was low. Copenhageni titres were present in 7.9 per cent of diagnostic submissions and a statistical association with jaundice was shown in piglets and adults. The introduction of Australis serogroup antigens in 1978 revealed the serological prevalences to lora and bratislava to be in excess of 20 per cent. However the causative serotype has yet to be identified. Leptospiral infection was not a significant cause of abortion in pigs. The pattern of leptospiral infection in pigs in England is considerably different from that occurring in other countries and it is considered that free-living maintenance host populations constitute the primary sources of infection. PMID- 7257120 TI - Further studies on the efficacy of fenbendazole against inhibited larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi. AB - Fenbendazole, at low dosage levels, was evaluated for its efficacy against inhibited early fourth stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi in naturally infected, yearling beef cattle in April. The mean number of inhibited larvae in 10 untreated control cattle was 51,500. At a dosage level of 1 mg per kg (pelleted fenbendazole) per day in feed over five days in 10 cattle, the percentage reduction in comparison to controls was: adults, 85.9 per cent; developing stages, 79.0 per cent; inhibited early fourth stage, 47.6 per cent; other abomasal genera (Haemonchus species and Trichostrongylus axei, 100 per cent). At a dosage level of 5 mg per kg (10 per cent liquid suspension) administered as an oral drench to 10 cattle, the percentage reduction in comparison to controls was: adults, 96.9 per cent; developing stages, 82.9 per cent; inhibited early fourth stage, 74.7 per cent; other genera, 98.6 per cent. Efficacy against parasite genera of the intestinal tract (primarily Cooperia species) was in excess of 94 per cent at both dosage levels. Some variability of efficacy was observed, in that large numbers of surviving inhibited O ostertagi larvae were recovered from two or three animals in treated groups. PMID- 7257121 TI - Diprosopus in a Hereford calf. PMID- 7257122 TI - Laboratory confirmation of IBR virus induced abortion. PMID- 7257123 TI - Computer systems in veterinary medicine. 1: The basis of the machines. PMID- 7257125 TI - Fibroma in the abdomen of a horse. PMID- 7257124 TI - Clinical signs and treatment of aged sheep with loose mandibular or maxillary cheek teeth. AB - Five cases of loose mandibular or maxillary cheek teeth in sheep are described. All the sheep showed loss of condition but excessive salivation was not a consistent feature. Two had high helminth egg counts, one a facial abscess and three loose rostral teeth. Blood biochemical results showed raised creatine phosphokinase (three cases), low glucose (three) and marginally low calcium levels (two). Diagnosis was based on digital palpation of the teeth during sedation. Treatment by extraction of loose teeth allowed a further litter of lambs from pregnant ewes and an extra tupping season from a ram. PMID- 7257126 TI - Lamb survival. PMID- 7257127 TI - Acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus. AB - An acute pneumonia developed in 28 calves which had been housed together from one to two weeks of age. The clinical signs included pyrexia, tachypnoea, respiratory distress and coughing. Some of the calves died. The pneumonia was characterised by an alveolitis with multinucleated syncytia, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia and bronchiolitis. Interstitial emphysema was also present. Fifteen of 19 calves examined serologically had rising neutralising antibody titres to respiratory syncytial virus; in nine calves the rise was fourfold or greater. Respiratory syncytial virus was not isolated from the calves. There was no evidence of parainfluenza type 3 virus involvement. The adult cows being sucked by the calves remained clinically normal throughout the incident. Six calves examined six weeks after the outbreak started had a chronic cuffing pneumonia characterised by lymphocytic bronchiolitis; some of the calves also had bronchiolitis obliterans. Mycoplasma dispar was found in two of them. PMID- 7257129 TI - Phenol poisoning in a newborn lamb. PMID- 7257128 TI - Effectiveness of orally administered cupric oxide needles in alleviating hypocupraemia in sheep and cattle. AB - The oral administration of a small dose of cupric oxide "needles" (CuOn), providing 0.5 g copper, to hypocupraemic ewes maintained on a copper-deficient diet alleviated hypocupraemia for 111 days when the diet was supplemented with molybdenum and sulphate and for 301 days when the diet was not supplemented. The same amount of copper given as cupric sulphate was approximately half as effective. The administration of a large dose of CuOn, providing 40 g copper, to hypocupraemic steers and heifers alleviated hypocupraemia for not less than 41 days, at which time a substantial reserve of copper (428 mg) remained in the liver. The absorbability of copper in CuOn was estimated to be 8.3 per cent and 3.8 per cent (depending on diet) for sheep. It was calculated that enough absorbable copper could be provided in a single dose to meet the net copper requirements of ewes for several years. This new form of copper therapy demands a totally different approach from that associated with parenteral copper usage. PMID- 7257130 TI - Salmonella investigations: July to December 1980. PMID- 7257132 TI - Turkey influenza vaccination. PMID- 7257131 TI - Sheep lameness after dip. PMID- 7257134 TI - Guide dogs for the blind. PMID- 7257133 TI - Herpesvirus in infertile bull's testicle. PMID- 7257135 TI - Further observations on the action of fenbendazole against inhibited fourth stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi. AB - Two further trials are reported on the effect of fenbendazole on inhibited Ostertagia ostertagi larvae. In the first trial fenbendazole successfully eliminated inhibited burdens of O ostertagi, while in the second trial the effect was variable. As a result of these trials and previous reports it is concluded that a single oral dose of fenbendazole cannot be relied upon to prevent winter (type 2) ostertagiasis. PMID- 7257137 TI - Assessment of oviduct patency in the cow. PMID- 7257136 TI - Epidemiological features of feline mammary carcinoma. AB - An epidemiological survey involving 132 cats with mammary neoplasia, seen at 15 North American veterinary medical teaching hospitals, was conducted. The ratio of malignant to benign tumours was 9:1. There were 113 cases of carcinomas of all types (including two males), with adenocarcinoma being the predominant cell-type. Relative risk analysis indicated that the Siamese breed had twice the risk (P less than 0.01) of developing mammary carcinoma compared to all breeds combined. The age at diagnosis in Siamese females tended to be younger than in other breeds. Comparison of clinical and pathological features of breast cancer suggests that the cat is an appropriate surrogate for the experimental study of human breast cancer. The apparent lack of oestrogen dependency in feline breast cancer also suggests that the cat may be especially suited for evaluating therapeutic regimens for breast cancers that do not respond to hormonal manipulation. PMID- 7257138 TI - Effect of feeding tylosin and tylosin with dimetridazole to cows. PMID- 7257139 TI - Urethral calculi in castrated calves. PMID- 7257140 TI - Correction of angular limb deformities in foals. PMID- 7257141 TI - Lomotil in cats. PMID- 7257143 TI - Onion poisoning in a dog. PMID- 7257142 TI - Sheep lameness after dip. PMID- 7257144 TI - Use of a surgical adhesive drape in reptiles. PMID- 7257145 TI - Supplementary iron from rusty farrowing crates. PMID- 7257146 TI - Ascites in broilers. PMID- 7257147 TI - Coccidiomycosis in a baboon. PMID- 7257148 TI - Coccidiosis in pigs. PMID- 7257149 TI - Urine discolouration. PMID- 7257150 TI - Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and encephalitis. PMID- 7257152 TI - Treatment of parasitic cutaneous ulcers with trichlorphon. PMID- 7257151 TI - Isolation and identification of mycoplasmas from pig lungs in Singapore. AB - A total of 656 lung specimens comprising 196 grossly pneumonic lungs from clinically diseased pigs and 230 grossly pneumonic and normal lungs from abattoirs were cultured for mycoplasmas. Mycoplasmas or acholeplasmas were recovered from 102 lung specimens, of which 28 were serologically identified (by disc growth inhibition and agar gel diffusion tests) as Mycoplasma suipneumonia, 14 as M hyorhinis, 35 as Acholeplasma granularum and 4 as A laidlawii. In addition, 15 isolates were unclassified and six were not typed. Mycoplasmas isolated from the suspect enzootic pneumonic lungs: slaughterhouse pneumonic lungs: normal lungs were in the ratio of 3:2:1. M suipneumonia, A granularum and A laidlawii were isolated from both normal and pneumonic lungs of pigs while M hyorhinis was only isolated from pneumonic ones. A close antigenic relationship between M suipneumonia and A granularum was demonstrated. PMID- 7257153 TI - Pancreatic tumour in a dog. PMID- 7257154 TI - Healing of a surgically induced shell wound in a tortoise. PMID- 7257155 TI - Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. PMID- 7257156 TI - Observations on poultry slaughter. PMID- 7257157 TI - Review of disorders of the ruminant digit with proposals for anatomical and pathological terminology and recording. PMID- 7257159 TI - Surgical correction of severe bilateral fractures of the maxilla in the dog. PMID- 7257158 TI - The use of the Flomasta as an anaesthetic ventilatory in dogs. PMID- 7257160 TI - Rinderpest in Nigeria. PMID- 7257161 TI - Lamb survival. PMID- 7257162 TI - Membranous glomerulonephropathy and nephrotic syndrome associated with iatrogenic metallic mercury poisoning in a cat. AB - The nephrotic syndrome, characterized by nonselective proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and ascites, was observed in a 10-month-old male cat. Profound glomerular changes and renal tubular changes appear to have been induced by iatrogenic chronic exposure to metallic mercury originally contained in a rectal thermometer. Large concentrations of mercury were present in the kidneys, liver, spleen, and urine. Evaluation of glomeruli by immunofluorescent microscopy revealed interrupted granular deposition of immuno globulin G and the third component of complement in glomerular capillary walls and the mesangium. Electron microscopic evaluation of glomeruli revealed diffuse alterations in glomerular basement membranes and visceral epithelial cells. Small electron dense deposits were observed in capillary walls, but they were not characteristic of immune complexes. The mechanism(s) responsible for the mercury induced glomerulonephropathy in this patient could not be determined on the basis of available data. PMID- 7257163 TI - The value of zinc protoporphyrin in equine lead poisoning: a case report. AB - A diagnosis of lead poisoning in a foal was established based on clinical signs and the presence of an elevation in the concentration of blood lead (40 microgram/dl). Additionally, ZPP was determined in whole blood and found to be significantly elevated compared to 10 normal horses not exposed to lead (634 vs 73 microgram/dl). An elevation in ZPP in man has been found to be a sensitive biochemical indicator of lead toxicity even before overt clinical signs are present. This report suggests that ZPP may be a useful screening test for evaluating biological toxicity due to lead in horses and possibly other species. PMID- 7257164 TI - Zinc deficiency in molybdenum poisoned cattle. AB - Clinical signs ascribable to zinc deficiency were noted in a group of Friesian cows industrially poisoned with molybdenum. Zinc, copper, and molybdenum were determined in blood serum and black hair, and in the contaminated alfalfa pasture the group grazed on. Hematological parameters, and serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase activity, were also determined. Pooled samples of alfalfa from 2 uncontaminated pastures, and of blood, serum and black hair of clinically normal Friesian cattle grazing on these were used as controls. A mixed contamination of the polluted pasture with molybdenum and copper was found, both metals being inversely correlated with he distance to the polluting chimney. Zinc concentrations were normal and not significantly correlated with the distance to the chimney very high molybdenum was found in serum and hair of the poisoned animals; copper was normal in serum and hair. Low calcium and Alkaline phosphatase activity were found in serum, both variables being significantly correlated with serum zinc. Reduced red blood cell number, packed cell volumes and hemoglobin concentrations were also found, but no significant correlation of these parameters with any of the trace metals in serum or hair was found. Signs ascribed to zinc deficiency were consistent with the reduction of zinc in serum and hair and decreased alkaline phosphatase activity in serum. A zinc deficiency conditioned by a simultaneous increased intake of molybdenum and copper is proposed. PMID- 7257166 TI - A survey of toxic plants on a farm in Riley County, Kansas. PMID- 7257165 TI - Readability and its application to poison prevention. AB - To improve communication with the general public, poison prevention materials must be written in a language suited to the population to be reached. The information should be nontechnical, concise and easily understood. Sentence length of written material should be short and the vocabulary kept simple. Recall can be significantly improved by organizing statements and labeling categories (12). The readability level must be kept low enough for the general public to read, comprehend and remember the material. This generally means writing no higher than the seventh or eighth-grade level. By using readability formulas to evaluate written poison prevention educational materials and simplifying the reading level, writers can improve comprehension of the information. PMID- 7257168 TI - Detection of pyrrolizidine-type alkaloids in matarique (Cacalia decomposita). PMID- 7257167 TI - Insecticide levels in tissues associated with toxicity: a literature review. AB - Extensive residue studies have been done with most of the organochlorine insecticides. The brain is a reliable tissue to determine lethal or exposure residues of the persistent organochlorine insecticides. Fewer studies have been done with organophosphate residues. residues of organophosphate insecticides are useful indicators of poisoning in tissues of exposed animals. Metabolite determination and identification is a necessary consideration since metabolic activation is required for several of the organophosphate insecticides. No studies of tissue residue evaluation of carbamate insecticides are available. PMID- 7257169 TI - Scorpion envenomation in Michigan: three cases of toxic encounters with poisonous stow-aways. AB - Three cases of Centrurid scorpionism are described from the State of Michigan, a geographic area where scorpions are not native to the normal fauna. A discussion of the incidents, signs and symptoms of the envenomations and treatment of the victims is given, along with a review of the toxicology of scorpion envenomation, methods of treatment and prevention. PMID- 7257170 TI - [Indirect methods of determining the amount of cellular elements in bulk cow's milk]. AB - Comparative studies have been carried out to establish the practical value of three indirect methods--Whiteside, Bernburg, and the antiformin one--intended for the rapid determination of the somatic cell count in pooled cow milk. A total of 556 samples of milk from various sources have been studied. The data obtained with the use of the direct method of Prescott and Breed served as control values of the cell elements in milk. A conclusion has been made that the test after Whiteside is the most appropriate one for the rapid determination of the cell count in pooled cow milk: it gives positive results in 100 per cent of the investigated samples having a count of more than 500000 cells. The use of this method is suggested in the case of detecting farms where mastitis is a problem. PMID- 7257171 TI - [Staphylococci in uncut raw dried meat products]. AB - Studied were a total of 75 samples of raw-dried meat products in a compact form (dried beef, Gabrovska Keiser dried meat, pig salted neck, Trapezitsa rolled meat, Veliko Turnovo delicacy, and Elena fillet) produced at 11 Meat Works for the presence of staphylococci. It was found that the Staphylococcus titre in such raw-dried meat products was within the range of 10(-3) to 10(-7). Veliko Turnovo, Gabrovska, and Trapezitsa products were shown to be most contaminated. Coagulase positive staphylococci were demonstrated in as much as 0.1 g of them--in the case of Elena fillet all samples were positive, with dried beef--10 samples, with Trapezitsa--7 samples, with Gabrovska--4 samples, and with pig salted neck 2 samples. The isolated strains of coagulase-positive staphylococci (48) were chiefly of bovine origin, and were typed by means of a mixed phage set comprising phages of groups II, III, and IV. The most commonly established phage types were 53/6/42D77 and 42D/102/107/117/119/77/42E. The compact raw-dried meat products were shown to contain all species of staphylococci. Staphylococcus epidermidis was most often isolated (with the exception of Elena fillet). PMID- 7257172 TI - [Effect of the lighting intensity on carbohydrate metabolic indices in broilers]. AB - Studies were carried out to establish the effect of light of various intensity on some of the indexes of the carbohydrate metabolism. The changes were followed up in the content of liver and muscle glycogen, and the amount of pyruvate was determined in the blood of the birds along with the activity of the glucose-6 phosphatase and succinate dehydvatase enzymes in the liver. No statistically significant changes in the liver glycogen were established under the effect of the illumination regime. A higher amount of muscle glycogen was found in birds raised at lower illumination intensity. This was better manifested in birds at the age of 45 days. The lower intensity of light was also associated with certain drop in the activity of the liver enzymes. There was likewise a lower concentration of blood pyruvate in birds kept at lower intensity of illumination. PMID- 7257173 TI - [Radiotelemetric method of the early diagnosis of puerperal uterine inflammation]. AB - A description is given of a method for the early diagnosis of the postpartal inflammations of the uterus. The method is based on the postpartal sensitivity of the uterus to oxytocin, which is registered via the method of radio telemetry. The sensitivity of the method suggested is recorded in two positive degrees in dependence on the individual features of the animal body, the season, etc. In cows with no predisposition to postpartum metritis there are sporadic, irregular contractions. PMID- 7257174 TI - [Morphological studies of the skeletal muscles in rats under hypokinesia]. AB - Morphologic studies were carried out on the skeletal musculature of two groups (test and control) of male rats of the Wistar line. The animals of the test group were kept when at the age of 60 days in individual cells for physiologic immobilization. Those of the control group were kept under normal conditions of raising. All animals were killed for sampling at the age of 450 days. Twenty-four hours after killing the following muscles were prepared and weighed for study: musculus longissimus dorsi, m. semitendinosus, m. semimembranosus, and m. triceps brachii. Micromorphologic and histometric investigations were conducted with the first three muscles, determining the quantitative ratio between the tissue components with the use of an 'integrational table' ISA. It was found that the skeletal muscles of rats kept for 390 days in the conditions of immobilization had a lower weight. The intramuscle fatty tissue of m. longissimus dorsi and m. semitendinosus as well as the connective tissue of m. longissimus dorsi showed higher weight, resp., amount in the immobilized animals, while the muscular tissue (the primary muscle bundles) was better developed in the control animals. The diameter of the muscle fibers of m. semitendinosus only was smaller in the immobilized rats. The variability in the thickness of the muscle fibers in the test group animals proved higher. Degenerative processes involved both the light and the dark fibers. PMID- 7257176 TI - Investigations concerning the action of serveral chemical and biological agents on HBsAg. AB - Native and purified HBsAg preparations were subjected in vitro to the action of cetylpyridinium bromide (Bromocet), hibitan-chlorhexidine (Hibiscrub), chloramine B and propolis extract, at different concentrations and for various time intervals. The effect of these agents on the serological reactivity of HBsAg was tested by electroimmunodiffusion (EID) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Chloramine B and the propolis extract had a significant inhibitory effect-ascertained by both EID and RIA - on purified HBsAg, but not on the native preparation. The inhibition exerted by Bromocet and Hibiscrub indicated by EID results was not confirmed by RIA. PMID- 7257175 TI - Stochastic model of the evolution of viral hepatitis morbidity. AB - Starting from the elementary epidemiological processes, the authors develop an evolution equation of the function generating the probability distribution of the number of viral hepatitis (VH) patients and susceptible subjects. Evolution equations for moments of order 1 and 2 - resulting from the equation of the generating function-are also discussed on the ground of certain simplifying hypotheses. The formulae are applied to the analysis of VH morbidity evolution in several children communities. The data on the evolution of the different moments and of the probability distributions are used from the specification of epidemiological transmissibility and susceptibility parameters. PMID- 7257177 TI - Epidemiological and clinical findings in viral hepatitis. AB - An HBsAg prevalence of 17.27% was found in 480 young adult viral hepatitis (VH) patients from semi-closed communities. The evolution of HBsAg positive VH had a seasonal aspect, resembling that of serologically negative forms. Analyzed according to the moment when the communities were set up, HBsAg-negative VH morbidity had a biphasic pattern, suggesting the occurrence of two distinct viral etiologies. The length of the stationary phase, the prevalence of protracted clinical forms, that high frequency of relapses and of the need for corticotherapy point to the increased severity of HBsAg positive VH. PMID- 7257178 TI - Critical considerations concerning the present state of knowledge on immunity to influenza. PMID- 7257179 TI - ABO blood group and sex distribution in anti-HBs-positive subjects. PMID- 7257180 TI - Penetration and uncoating of frog virus 3 (FV3) in cultured rat Kupffer cells. PMID- 7257181 TI - Influenza B virus RNA segment 8 codes for two nonstructural proteins. PMID- 7257182 TI - DNA repair-recombination functions in the DNA processing pathway of bacteriophage T4. PMID- 7257183 TI - Genetic factors associated with loss of the temperature-sensitive phenotype of the influenza A/Alaska/77-ts-1A2 recombinant during growth in vivo. PMID- 7257184 TI - Lytic cycle replicative forms of bacteriophages P1 and P1dl: concatemer forms. PMID- 7257185 TI - Purification of the coat and scaffolding proteins from procapsids of bacteriophage P22. PMID- 7257186 TI - Isolation and genetic characterization of T1-transducing mutants with increased transduction frequency. PMID- 7257187 TI - Adenovirus type 2 early proteins: assignment of the early region 1A proteins synthesized in vivo and in vitro to specific mRNAs. PMID- 7257188 TI - Identification of a second protein (M2) encoded by RNA segment 7 of influenza virus. PMID- 7257189 TI - Conservation of the influenza virus membrane protein (M1) amino acid sequence and an open reading frame of RNA segment 7 encoding a second protein (M2) in H1N1 and H3N2 strains. PMID- 7257190 TI - Identification of polypeptide components of adenovirus type 12 tumor antigen from productively and abortively infected cells and from tumor cells. PMID- 7257192 TI - Inpatient health facilities statistics United States. 1978. PMID- 7257191 TI - A nonessential glycoprotein is coded by early region E3 of adenovirus type 7. PMID- 7257193 TI - [Immunosuppressive treatment with antilymphocyte globulin in patients with bone marrow aplasia]. PMID- 7257194 TI - [Stability of erythrocyte lipids in idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 7257195 TI - [In vitro cultivation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells from human bone marrow in semi-solid medium]. PMID- 7257196 TI - [Of the red cell deformities in various hemolytic diseases determined by simple filtration method]. PMID- 7257197 TI - [Scintigraphy of the bone marrow]. PMID- 7257198 TI - [Role of hemopexin and albumin in the metabolism of extracorpuscular hemoglobulin]. PMID- 7257199 TI - [Study of granulocytic antigens and antibodies]. PMID- 7257201 TI - [In the name of the health of the Soviet man (facts and figures)]. PMID- 7257200 TI - [Right-flank socialist competition]. PMID- 7257203 TI - [Importance of the history of a disease as a legal document]. PMID- 7257202 TI - [Strengthening the communication of military hospitals with troop units]. PMID- 7257204 TI - [Main trends in the further improvement of the work of military garrison hospitals]. PMID- 7257205 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of perforated stomach and duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7257207 TI - [Photographing in infrared and ultraviolet light as a method of determining the viability of injured tissues]. PMID- 7257206 TI - [Treatment of diaphyseal gunshot fractures of the leg by extrafocal osteosynthesis]. PMID- 7257208 TI - [Physical rehabilitation of myocardial infarct patients at the hospital stage]. PMID- 7257209 TI - [Prospects for developing immunoprophylaxis among the troops]. PMID- 7257210 TI - [Use of electroencephalography and psychophysiological methods in the job selection of workers]. PMID- 7257211 TI - [Effect of the long-term intake of Eleutherococcus on the adaptation of sailors in the tropics]. PMID- 7257212 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of maxillodental diseases in a mobile dental office]. PMID- 7257213 TI - [Treatment of duodenal ulcer by vagotomy]. PMID- 7257214 TI - [Late secondary hemorrhage in subcutaneous injury to the kidney]. PMID- 7257215 TI - [Planning the recovery of silver in a polyclinic x-ray office]. PMID- 7257216 TI - [Optimal rates for the physical activation of myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 7257217 TI - [Organization of the accounting, storage and disbursement of group-A drug in hospitals]. PMID- 7257218 TI - [Noninhalation general anesthesia in surgical practice]. PMID- 7257219 TI - [Cysticercosis of the brain]. PMID- 7257220 TI - [Checking matters according to the plans of the Party]. PMID- 7257222 TI - [Ischemic heart disease in the light of new concepts]. PMID- 7257223 TI - [Therapy of acute cyanide poisoning]. PMID- 7257221 TI - [The significance of cardiac systole phases in the diagnosis of left ventricular aneurysm]. PMID- 7257224 TI - [An unusual localization of a phytobezoar after subtotal gastric resection]. PMID- 7257225 TI - [Plasmacytoma of the middle ear]. PMID- 7257226 TI - [2 cases of accidental thallium poisoning]. PMID- 7257227 TI - [Pathological and histochemical study of soft tissue in gunshot wounds caused by high-energy projectiles]. PMID- 7257228 TI - [Psychological repercussions of chronic otitis media]. PMID- 7257230 TI - [Standard dark adaptation curve]. PMID- 7257229 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of beta-methyl-digoxin in patients on dialysis]. PMID- 7257231 TI - [Extrafocal fixation of long bone fractures with our own apparatus]. PMID- 7257232 TI - Plasma exchange in management of a patient with diffuse necrotizing cutaneous vasculitis. AB - It has been sufficiently established that the so-called small vessel vasculitis results from hypersensitivity reactions to various endogenous or exogenous antigens, and that, in most cases, the pathogenic mechanism is the deposition of immune complexes in the blood vessel wall. Among the therapeutic protocol that have been applied recently, plasma exchange (PE) received little attention, that only a few cases have been treated accordingly until now. Here, we present a patient with diffuse cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis, in whom PE proved to be of irreplaceable benefit in halting the progression of the disease. When PE was discontinued, the disease relapsed in spite of therapy with steroids and heparin. A second series of PE again controlled the disease activity. The authors point out the PE was of unique value pending the effects to treatment with cyclophosphamide, which remains the essential therapeutic agent. PMID- 7257233 TI - Effect of transfusion regime on erythropoietin levels in refractory hypoplastic anemia. AB - Erythropoietin measurements were performed in 2 patients with refractory hypoplastic anaemia who required regular blood transfusion. Erythropoietin levels varied inversely with the haemoglobin level consistent with the accepted role of erythropoietin in reflecting the adequacy of tissue oxygenation. A particularly step rise in erythropoietin occurred when the haemoglobin concentration fell below 8.0 g/dl. This coincided with the deterioration in clinical symptoms necessitating imminent admission for transfusion. Change from a regime involving a 5--6 unit transfusion every 6 weeks to that involving a regular 2 unit per 2 weeks transfusion resulted in a lower and more stable pattern of erythropoietin levels and was also associated with a considerable improvement in general well being. PMID- 7257234 TI - The applicability of sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the quantitation of fragments in immune serum globulin preparations. PMID- 7257235 TI - H2O2 release from filtration leukapheresis-procured leukocytes. AB - Filtration leukapheresis-procured leukocytes (FL-leukocytes), which were collected by the elution of filtration columns with vigorous tapping, released a certain amount of H2O2 even in the absence of any phagocytic stimuli. Furthermore, FL-leukocytes, eluted with either gentle or vigorous tapping, exhibited a marked release of H2O2 during phagocytosis. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of FL-leukocytes was lower than that of leukocytes collected by the dextran sedimentation method (DS-leukocytes). The data suggest that the release of both H2O2 and MPO from FL-leukocytes may be related to adverse transfusion reactions and abnormal post-transfusion kinetics of FL-leukocytes due to their toxic effects on living cells. PMID- 7257236 TI - Some notes on the specificity of anti-A1 reagents. PMID- 7257238 TI - Recovery, life span, and function of stored plateletpheresis units. AB - Plateletpheresis units collected using the Haemonetics Model 30 or the IBM 2997 cell separator were stored for 24 h at 22 degrees C. Autologous recovery and life span measurements averaged 64 +/- 13% (1 SD) and 8.9 +/- 1.3 (1 SD) days. The hemostatic effectiveness of these preparations were satisfactory; the corrected increment 4-6 h and 18-24 posttransfusion was 20,400 and 13,400/microliter/m2, respectively, and the bleeding time showed improvement in each patient. There was no significant difference in these parameters between collection devices. PMID- 7257237 TI - Preparation of granulocyte-poor red blood cells by microaggregate filtration: a simplified method to minimize febrile transfusion reactions. AB - A simple, effective method for removing granulocytes from stored blood is described. Microaggregate filtration removes approximately 95% of the granulocytes from blood which has been stored for 2 weeks, centrifuged and filtered. The mean number of remaining leukocytes is 8 +/- 3.7 x 10(8)/unit. The residual white cell population, which is composed almost entirely of lymphocytes, is substantially less than the average number of cells previously associated with febrile reactions. 45 patients were selected for the study. All had significant febrile transfusion reaction histories, and averaged one reaction for every 3.6 U of conventional red cell product transfused. Administration of 212 units of microaggregate filtered granulocyte poor red cells caused a 95% reduction in the incidence of fibrile reactions. The technique is inexpensive, easily incorporated into the routine of the clinical blood bank, and does not require "open-system' processing. These considerations make microaggregate filtration a logical first choice method for the preparation of granulocyte-poor red blood cells. PMID- 7257239 TI - In vitro interactions of 51Cr in human red blood cells and hemolysates. AB - The intracellular distribution of radioactivity was studied in normal and sickle erythrocytes labeled with sodium 51Cr chromate. Both types of cells had a higher fraction of 51Cr bound to hemoglobin when labeled in the presence of ACD at a pH of 7.09 than when labeled in the presence of CPD at a pH of 5.96. Citrate at a pH of 5.96 or less entered the red blood cells and decreased the 51Cr binding hemoglobin. Binding of 51Cr to hemoglobin within the red cells was also reduced when the ATP and DPG levels in the red blood cells were elevated. Studies with hemoglobin solution showed that 51Cr binding to hemoglobin was influenced by 2,3 DPG, ATP and citrate. PMID- 7257240 TI - A simplified method for the preparation of immune-serum globulin. AB - This report describes the recovery of highly purified immune-serum globulin (ISG) from the 42% ethanol precipitate fraction (42% P) generated during the first step of albumin purification. The method consists of three purification steps: (1) reprecipitation of the 42% P at 20% ethanol, pH 7.2; (2) solubilization of ISG at 17% ethanol, pH 5.2, and (3) isoelectric precipitation of ISG at 25% ethanol, pH 7.2. ISG prepared by this method was homogeneous when subjected to immunoelectrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and gave a yield equivalent to 4.7 g/l plasma, corresponding to a final recovery of over 48%. PMID- 7257241 TI - A simple method for the preparation of microaggregate-poor whole blood. AB - Microaggregate-poor whole blood is prepared by collecting blood in ordinary double or triple plastic bag systems, separating cell-poor plasma and buffy coat from the red cells but without disconnecting the plasma bag and the red cell bag from each other. The double unit is stored at refrigerator temperature. After 10 days' storage, the tube connecting the two parts of the double unit can be sealed upon which further storage is done separately. In this way all whole blood units in stock will have both a low content of microaggregates and a normal or nearly normal affinity for oxygen. PMID- 7257242 TI - [Status and tasks of the infectious disease service of the Ukrainian SSR in the 11th Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 7257243 TI - [Treatment of acute focal pneumonia without using antibiotics]. PMID- 7257244 TI - [Microcirculatory indices in eczema]. PMID- 7257245 TI - [Functional state of the blood in Donbass coal miners]. PMID- 7257246 TI - [Stomach functions in workers exposed to lead vapors]. PMID- 7257248 TI - [Incidence of chronic nonspecific lung diseases among the adult population of a rural district]. PMID- 7257247 TI - [Trypsin treatment of protracted forms of nervous system lesions of parotitis etiology]. PMID- 7257249 TI - [Bronchial patency changes in chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 7257250 TI - [Organizational problems of conducting mass prophylactic examinations of the rural population]. PMID- 7257251 TI - [Organization of physician postgraduate training in medical institute departments]. PMID- 7257252 TI - [Pathogenetic factors facilitating the development of pneumonia in acute leukemia patients]. PMID- 7257253 TI - [Use of allergological methods in nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7257254 TI - [Ways of increasing chemotherapy effectiveness in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7257255 TI - [Characteristics of newly detected destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7257257 TI - [Effect of ethambutol on liver and kidney function in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7257256 TI - [Local treatment of tuberculosis by the intrapulmonary administration of antibacterial drugs]. PMID- 7257258 TI - [Metabolic disorders in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7257259 TI - [Late treatment results in duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7257260 TI - [Methyluracil treatment effectiveness in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7257261 TI - [The healing index of an ulcer situated in the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 7257262 TI - [Comparative evaluation of radioisotopic and biochemical methods of studying mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 7257263 TI - [Ultrasonic unidimensional diagnosis (Echo-II) of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7257264 TI - [Bacteremic shock in acute pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7257265 TI - [Pulmonary hypertension in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7257266 TI - [Functional adrenal changes in the excretory toxic form of male sterility]. PMID- 7257267 TI - [Bicycle ergometry in the expert evaluation of stenocardia patients' work capacity]. PMID- 7257268 TI - [Integral test evaluation in the differential diagnosis of the cardialgia syndrome]. PMID- 7257269 TI - [Supplementary criteria of a cerebral hemodynamic disorder limiting physical loading in hypertension patients]. PMID- 7257270 TI - [Pathogenetic significance of blood coagulation homeostasis]. PMID- 7257271 TI - [Functional state of the cardiovascular system in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7257272 TI - [Correlations of hyperlipidemia and myocardial function in the chronic form of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7257273 TI - [Blood kinin system in chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 7257274 TI - [Age-related characteristics of intracardiac hemodynamics and myocardial contractile capacity in healthy elderly persons based on echocardiographic data]. PMID- 7257275 TI - [Immunological characteristics of rheumatic carditis patients in the late period after a mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 7257276 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia]. PMID- 7257277 TI - [Clinical results of thymectomy in myopathy patients depending on the degree of muscular weakness]. PMID- 7257278 TI - [Epidural morphine analgesia]. PMID- 7257279 TI - [Spongy (spongioid) state of the substance of the central nervous system]. PMID- 7257280 TI - [Diagnosis of noise-related disorders]. PMID- 7257281 TI - [Immunologic reactivity and health status of textile industry workers]. PMID- 7257282 TI - [Permeability of the histohematic barriers in dust-related bronchitis]. PMID- 7257283 TI - [Effect of ethylated gasoline on vascular tonus and the blood coagulation system]. PMID- 7257284 TI - [Therapeutic effectiveness of rimantadine and antigrippen against A1(H1N1) influenza in the 1977-1978 epidemic]. PMID- 7257285 TI - [Characteristics of neuropsychic and humoral reactions in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7257286 TI - [Antagonistic activity of intestinal autoflora as an indirect method of determining intestinal dysbacteriosis]. PMID- 7257287 TI - [State of the cardioportal blood flow in chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7257288 TI - [Changes in peripheral hemodynamics in transient cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 7257290 TI - [Comparative study of the incidence of risk factors in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7257289 TI - [Clinico-anatomic correlations in hemorrhagic cerebral stroke]. PMID- 7257291 TI - [Blood lipid spectrum and blood coagulation indices in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7257292 TI - [Resochin test in the diagnosis of joint diseases]. PMID- 7257293 TI - [Functional state of the myocardium, central hemodynamics and vascular permeability in myocarditis]. PMID- 7257295 TI - [Effect of isadrine on the ventricular fibrillation threshold]. PMID- 7257294 TI - [Case of progressive multiple fibropolymyositis ossificans]. PMID- 7257296 TI - [Case of sinoauricular block and the phenomenon of atrioventricular dissociation and intraventricular conduction disorders]. PMID- 7257298 TI - [Echoencephalographic indices in patients with hypertension subjected to functional stress]. PMID- 7257297 TI - [Use of radiocardiography in evaluating hemodynamics in chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 7257299 TI - [Importance of the blood vessels in peripheral nerves]. PMID- 7257300 TI - [Case of Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 7257301 TI - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of cancer of the pancreas and Vater's ampulla]. PMID- 7257302 TI - [Microflora of the gastric and duodenal mucosa in chronic gastroduodenitis]. PMID- 7257303 TI - [Value of echography in the diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal tumors]. PMID- 7257304 TI - [Transaminase activity of the blood and bile in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7257305 TI - [Glycolysis metabolites in the blood in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7257307 TI - [Ventilation and perfusion disorders in chronic bronchitis: rheopulmonographic data]. PMID- 7257306 TI - [Blast transformation of lymphocytes, intradermal tests with PHA and E-rosette formation in goiter]. PMID- 7257308 TI - [Value of the hemogram in the differential diagnosis of lung diseases]. PMID- 7257309 TI - [Hemodynamics and blood rheological properties during hemosorption in cases of peritonitis]. PMID- 7257310 TI - [Clinical and electrocardiographic signs of heart disease in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7257311 TI - [Changes in external respiratory function during health resort treatment of spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 7257312 TI - [Clinical characteristics of the epileptiform syndrome in alcoholism]. PMID- 7257313 TI - [Hypochondriac syndrome in the clinical picture of schizophrenia]. PMID- 7257314 TI - [Effect of levamisole on immunoglobulin secretion into lacrimal fluid in experimental herpetic keratitis]. AB - The effect of levamisol on changes in the level of secretions of IgA and IgG in the lacrimal fluid normally and in experimental herpetic keratitis in rabbits was determined as well as the severity of the clinical condition of the cornea affected with herpes simplex virus in models given levamisol. The results indicate that oral treatment with levamisol increases the secretion of local IgA in the lacrimal fluid of rabbits. In the animals with the cornea infected with herpes simplex virus IgA secretion in the lacrimal fluid increased at the height of the disease despite levamisol therapy whereas IgG secretion at the same time was lower in sick rabbits than in normal animals. Preventive use of levamisol gave positive result upon subsequent infection of rabbits with herpes simplex virus. PMID- 7257315 TI - [DNA packing inside viral particles of Agrotis segetum (Schiff) turnip moth granulosis virus]. AB - The structure of high molecular (88 million daltons) DNA of turnip moth granulosis virus obtained in the linear and cyclic forms was studied. Electron microscopic examination of the fine structure of DNA isolated from virus particles treated with n-toluene sulphonate-N-cyclohexyl-N'-beta-4 (methyl morpholine)-ethylcarbodiimide were carried out. Modified DNA areas were visualized by two methods: with P32 protein and phosphotungstate acid. In both cases a period of recurrence close to the length of the virus particle was revealed. This study confirmed experimentally the previously suggested model of the existence of structural disorders in DNA caused by bends of superspiral molecule at the ends of the virus particle. PMID- 7257316 TI - [Pathomorphology of abortive rabies]. AB - White random-bred mice inoculated intraperitoneally with street rabies virus were found to have numerous Babes-Negri bodies in cerebral neurons very frequently up to 5 days of the disease. On the 7-11th days of the disease the inclusions were found in some neurons in 11 of 17 mice examined. Among 24 mice with abortive rabies (recovering completely or surviving with residual symptoms such as pareses or paralysis) examined on the 20-240th days after the onset occasional Babes Negri bodies were found either in the brain or in the spinal cord in 6 animals only. The central nervous system of these animals showed weak degenerative and inflammatory lesions; the animals had high antibody titers but yielded no virus. It is concluded that in some cases abortive infection becomes a latent one. PMID- 7257317 TI - [Primary structure of the influence type A virus hemagglutinin gene]. PMID- 7257318 TI - [Oligopeptide mapping of various Bunyaviridae]. PMID- 7257320 TI - [Grouping of influenza A virus NP proteins]. AB - A comparative study of influenza A virus NP proteins was carried out using peptide mapping. Thirty-five strains of all main serotypes of human and animal viruses were tested. The greatest diversity was found in NP proteins of human influenza viruses belonging to different serotypes, while within serotypes the variability is less pronounced. Four main groups of NP proteins were distinguished and designated NP0, NP1, NP2, and NP3. The NP0 group includes proteins of viruses of HON1 serotype, NP proteins of all avian viruses with the exception of A/shearwater/Australia/1/71 (Hav6Nav5), NP proteins of A/horse/Prague/56 (Heq1Neq1), A/swine/Iowa/1/30 (Hsw1N1), and A/whale/Pacific/76 (HONav2). The NP1 group comprises NP proteins of viruses of HIN1 serotype (with the exception of A/California/78), A/Singapore/57 (H2N2) and NP protein of A/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N2) virus. The NP2 group includes NP proteins of H3N2 virus serotype and NP protein of A/California/78 (H1N1) virus. NP proteins of A/horse/Miami/63 (Heq2Neq2) and A/shearwater/Australia/1/71 viruses comprise NP3 group. PMID- 7257319 TI - [Oligopeptide mapping of viruses of the tick-borns encephalitis complex]. AB - Comparison of oligopeptide maps of several viruses from the tick-borne encephalitis complex revealed considerable similarity between them manifested in the presence of a common oligonucleotide framework. At the same time there are differences between viruses, each of them having its own oligopeptides lacking in other viruses. The viruses under comparison form groups: tick-borne encephalitis viruses proper, Langat and Powassan viruses, Negishi virus, louping-ill virus. Within the group of tick-born encephalitis viruses, neurovirulent strains differ from those with lower neurovirulence. Other variants of the method of oligopeptide mapping should be used to determine the significance of these differences. PMID- 7257321 TI - [Comparative study of the RNA and proteins of antigenically similar human and animal influenza A viruses]. AB - In 1976-1979 in various regions of the USSR influenza viruses were isolated from mammals and birds and found to be antigenically similar with human influenza viruses having hemagglutinin H0, H1, and neuraminidase N1. Comparative studies of electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel of RNAs and proteins of these viruses and human influenza viruses sharing common antigens with them were carried out. By the mobility in gel of genome fragments, the virus isolated from a squirrel, A/squirrel/Vladivostok/1004/79 (H0N1), was found to be similar to human A/PR/8/34 (H0N1) virus; both viruses had a similar polypeptide composition. In contrast, the virus isolated in 1978 from a turkey, A/turkey/Kiev/292/78 (H1N1), by the mobility in gel of genome fragments including those coding for hemagglutinin and neuraminidase differed significantly from antigenically similar epidemic viruses: A/FM/1/47/ (H1N1) and a virus isolated during an epidemic in the same year, A/USSR/90/77/ (H1N1) despite the similarity with the latter in the polypeptide spectrum. Hemagglutinin of a virus isolated in 1976 from blue whales, A/whale/TO/19/76, was serologically identified as HO, neuraminidase of this virus as Nav2. An analysis of genome fragments of the whale virus showed the gene 4 coding for hemagglutinin to be similar by mobility in gel with the corresponding fragment of human influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H0N1), and the gene 6 coling for neuraminidase in most influenza A viruses to be similar by mobility in gel with the gene 6 of A/pintail/Primorie/695/76 (H2Nav2) virus. An analysis of proteins of this virus by mobility in gel showed all its proteins, with the exception of one with a molecular weight of about 70,000 daltons, to be similar with those of human A/PR/8/34 (H0N1) virus. The protein with the molecular weight of about 70,000 daltons is assumed to be neuraminidase of the second avian type (Nav2). A similar protein was found in avian viruses A/pintail/Primorie/18/76 (H2Nav2), and A/tern/Turkmenia/18/73 (Hav7 Nav2). The antigenic analysis of these strains using a panel of 6 monoclonal antibody to the A/Brazil/11/76 (H1N1) strain revealed a close similarity in the antigenic structure of hemagglutinin of human influenza virus A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) which had caused an epidemic outbreak in the USSR in 1977-1978 and A/turkey/Kiev/292/78 (H1N1) virus. Human and animal influenza viruses with hemagglutinin of the HO type did not react with any of the 6 clones under study. PMID- 7257322 TI - [Heterogenicity of influenza A virus NP protein]. AB - Three classes of NP-proteins were detected by 7% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of virion proteins of influenza A various strains. Peptide maps of these proteins vary. The pattern of the discrepancies indicates the presence of two types of influenza A virus NP-protein. Incubation during 30 h at 37 degrees C of the preparations of intact viral particles and particles destroyed by nonion detergent NP-40 does not result in changes of the NP, NP2 and NP3 proteins ratio, that is an evidence of their intracellular origin. PMID- 7257323 TI - [Analysis of the structural proteins of human and simian adenoviruses]. AB - Disk electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel was used to study the polypeptide composition of purified virions of simian adenoviruses SA7, SV20 (H), and SV 38 as well as human adenovirus type 6. The general electrophoretic pattern of separation of structural polypeptides of simian and human adenoviruses was shown to be similar; the role of a number of components in the virion was elucidated. All the simian adenoviruses under study were found to have the following characteristic sizes of polypeptide components: components V and VII (DNA framework) 50-51 and 18-19 kilodaltons, respectively, polypeptide VI (prihexon component) 29-30 kilodaltons. Simian adenovirions differ from all human adenovirus serotypes studied in the size of component VI. Capsid components (polypeptides II, III, and IV) vary in size in individual serotypes of simian adenoviruses, their set being unique for each serotype and allowing to distinguish simian adenoviruses by their electrophoretic patterns. PMID- 7257324 TI - [Identification of proteins and amino acids reacting with DNA in the composition of bacteriophage P22]. AB - An interaction occurring between DNA cytosine and phage P22 protein was fixed using chemical modification with a nucleophilic agent, sodium bisulphite. Four minor proteins (P1, P20, P26, and P4) interacting with phage P22 DNA were isolated. Amino acids lysine and arginine were found to be the immediate partners of cytosine realizing this interaction. PMID- 7257325 TI - [RNA synthesis in cells chronically infected with rabies virus]. AB - RNAs of predominantly subgenome size were synthesized in BHK-21 and HEp-2 cells chronically infected with rabies virus in the presence of actinomycin D. An analysis of glyoxale-denaturated intracellular viral RNAs in agarose gel showed the subgenome size of RNA not to be due to its conformation alterations. Hybridization of intracellular RNAs with 125I-RNA or k3H-kDNA of rabies virus demonstrated marked reduction in both transcription and replication of viral genome in chronic infection as compared with acute infection. PMID- 7257326 TI - [Chromatography of formalin-inactivated tick-borne encephalitis viruses on macroporous glass]. AB - The results of further development of methods for chromatographic concentration and purification of tick-borne encephalitis virus on columns with porous glass using formalin-inactivated virus suspensions are presented. The method of adsorption chromatography on porous glass under optimal conditions concentrates inactivated TBE virus 20-40-fold with simultaneous purification from protein by 93%-95%. Inactivated virus was shown to keep on glass better than infectious virus. Gel filtration chromatography removes 99.2%-99.8% of protein impurities from inactivated TBE virus preparations giving a complete or nearly complete "yield" of virus particles. The sequential use of adsorption chromatography and gel filtration produced concentrated, most highly purified TBE virus preparations containing no more than 2 microgram/ml protein. Chromatographic virus preparations were immunologically active in experiments in laboratory animals. PMID- 7257327 TI - [Characteristics of new continuous cultures of green monkey cells used in virology]. AB - Three continuous lines of green monkey embryo cell cultures were developed. One of them is widely used in practical and theoretical virological studies due to modest cultural requirements and high sensitivity of many viruses. From the study of the characteristics of green monkey continuous cell lines it is concluded that some additional controls are necessary for green monkey diploid cell strains to be used in viral vaccines production. PMID- 7257329 TI - [Initial plasmapheresis treatment results in glomerulonephritis]. AB - The first results from the treatment of two cases with glomerulonephritis are reported--the first was an exacerbation of nephritis after intercurrent disease and second--with systemic lupus erythematosus, after plasmapheresis application as an active therapeutic method, in combination with corticosteroid cytostatic treatment. A reduction of the three immunoglobulins in plasma was found as a result from plasmapheresis and emergence of serum complement, together with clinical data for improvement of the patients. The prospects of plasmapheresis treatment of the active forms of glomerulonephritis are discussed. PMID- 7257328 TI - [Chemical and physico-chemical properties of the DNA of Newcastle group bacteriophages]. AB - DNA of H-1, H-5, H-10, H-17, and H-22 phages were studied, their nucleotide composition, their buoyant densities in cesium chloride and cesium sulphate, curves of melting and spectra of circular dichroism were determined 5 oxymethylcytosine in the composition of H-I and H-22 phage DNA was shown immunologically to be glucozylated. PMID- 7257331 TI - [Recording of the potential of the bundle of His in patients with disordered atrioventricular conduction]. AB - The potentials of His bundle were recorded in 25, out of 105 patients with intracardial electrophysiological examination, carried out. The standard electrocardiographic devices were used, being reconstructed for the purpose. The patients with AV block, stage I and partial AV block, Wenckebach type manifested blocking (slow down) above His bundle. The patients with AV block, Mobitz type II and the patients with chronic AV block manifested blocking both above and beneath His bundle. With auricle stimulation with alternative frequency, latent pathological disorders of auricle-ventricular conduction could be manifested. The method allows the localization of the level of the block, aiding the solution of prognosis problems, further behaviour and eventually the setting of artificial guide of cardiac activity. PMID- 7257330 TI - [Beta-glucuronidase deficiency in the peripheral neutrophils in diabetes mellitus]. AB - The intracellular activity of beta-glucuronidase (BG) was determined in peripheral blood neutrophils in 59 patients with diabetes mellitus, 35 females and 24 males, aged from 30 to 90 (mean age 60.2). Semiquantitative cytochemical method of Hayashi et al. was employed (1964). The control group consisted of 70 healthy subjects, 29 males and 41 females, aged from 20 to 90 (mean age 58.7). A decreased intracellular activity of beta-glucuronidase in neutrophils as well as an increase pool of beta-glucuronidase were observed in the patients. The authors discuss the significance of this observation in the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in diminished non-specific immunity of patients with diabetes. PMID- 7257332 TI - [Somatotropic hormone in the serum of diabetics]. AB - The results from the studies on basic values of somatotropic hormone (STH) in 142 patients with diabetes mellitus are reported. No linear dependence was found between blood sugar and STH level in serum in the morning before meals. As compared with the subjects from a control group, STH in serum of diabetics without retinopathy, with retinopathy, with obesity and renal insufficiency resulting from nephropathy was increased with a statistical significance. STH values in serum of patients without microangiopathies were lower than those in patients with manifested retinopathy and higher than those in patients with obesity, the difference being not statistically significant. The serum level of somatotropic hormone in patients with manifested renal insufficiency was higher, with statistical significance, than that of patients without renal insufficiency. PMID- 7257334 TI - [Hemodynamic changes in ischemic heart disease with disordered intraventricular conduction]. AB - Cardiac output, blood volume and velocity of blood flow were studied in 30 patients with ischemic heart disease with intraventricular conductivity. Thirty patients with ischemic heart disease without disturbances of conductivity and 30 healthy subjects were used as a control group. Decreased heart stroke volume and blood flow velocity in pulmonary circulation were found in the patients with left bundle block. In the patients with right bundle block--changes in blood volume, heart rate and velocity of blood flow in systemic circulation were established. The type of conductivity disturbances in patients with ischemic heart disease was concluded to be dependent on stage and type of hemodynamic disturbances. PMID- 7257333 TI - [Clinical x-ray studies of arterial calcifications in the lower extremities of diabetics]. AB - The authors studied the X-ray grams of soft tissues of the lower limbs of 120 patients with diabetes mellitus--54 males and 66 females and 42 control subjects (18 males and 24 females). The average age of the latter was 56.3 and of the patient--52. According to their characteristic the calcifications were localized in intima (spotted) and in media (linear). Besides localization, the extend (whole artery or partial) and degree (light, pronounced) of calcifications were determined. Mediocalcinosis in the arteries of lower limbs of diabetics was established to be almost four times more frequent than that among the controls, the arteries of the thighs, legs and foot being equally affected. In 1/3 of the cases the whole vascular system of the lower limbs was involved, being more frequent in males, as compared with females, with a statistical significance, and correlated significantly with age and duration of the disease. Mediocalcinosis was more frequent with statistical significance, in patients, treated with sulfonylurea preparations. Attempt was made to explain that fact, besides by the older age of those patients with some humoral and hormonal characteristics of diabetes of the elderly, sensitive to SU preparations namely: the presence of hyperlipoproteinemia, hypersomatotropism and relative hyperinsulinism, favouring the proliferation of the cells of media and deposition of calcium salts in it. No statistically significant correlation was found between the incidence of mediocalcinosis on the one hand and the type of diabetes, severity of the disease, occupation, past infections, the presence of hypertension, obesity, retinopathy and disorders of lipid metabolism--on the other. PMID- 7257336 TI - [Incidence and the degree of cardiovascular changes and causes of death in 717 patient who died of chronic pyelonephritis with and without arterial hypertension]. AB - The authors examined 9015 necropsies, over the age of 14, in a general hospital for the period January 1, 1967 to March 1, 1979. They found that the chronic pyelonephritis (ChPN) was the most frequent renal diseases with a lethal end- 62.83 per cent of the renal patients and 7.95 per cent of all deceased. In 458 (63.87%) of them ChPN was accompanied by arterial hypertension (AH), which with an average duration of 8.8 years had caused a considerable hypertrophy of left ventricle. A better manifested atheromatosis of aorta, coronary, cerebral and renal arteries, being statistically significant, was found in the deceased with ChPN and AH as compared with the control group of 524 subjects, deceased without hypertension but that atheromatosis was less manifested than in those that died of hypertonic disease. That fact was explained by the authors with the shorter duration of hypertension in ChPN, with a more strict nutritional regimen among them, with the shorter life span and azotemia, as well as with the more active involvement of adrenergic systems of the patients with ChD. Whereas in 2/3 of the deceased with ChPN, without hypertension, the cause for the lethal end was uremia and urosepsis, the incidence of cardiac and cerebral-vascular complications, in those deceased with ChPN and AH, was 6 times greater than the first and uremia and urosepsis--considerably less frequent. PMID- 7257337 TI - [Sanegyt therapy of moderately severe and severe arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7257335 TI - [Dynamics of the changes in the acid-base state in acquired heart defects]. AB - One hundred thirty nine patients with acquired valvular defects were examined, 72 of them followed up dynamically. The dynamic changes in the indices of ABS were studied as well as the pressure of arterial blood gases, some electrolytes in blood serum, the basic indices of external respiration, diffusion capacity of lungs for CO, alveolar-arterial gradients for O2, functional and true shunts, etc. The results showed that the disorders found in ABS were, to a great extent, reversible after complex treatment carried out. Most intensive was the dynamics of recovery at stage IIB and the poorest stage IIA of cardiac insufficiency. The changes in respiratory function play a leading role in the genesis of ABS disorders. The diuretics and electrolyte deviations are of secondary importance. The dynamic investigations on ABS in parallel with some indices of respiratory function provide an early and accurate assessment of the functional state of the respiration system in acquired valvular defects, a more complete estimation of the results from the treatment, evolution and prognosis, revealing some of the complicated mechanisms of those disorders. PMID- 7257338 TI - [Incidence of Balkan endemic nephropathy in married couples]. AB - The causes for the affection of married couples by BEN were sought in the conditions of "cohabitation", though neither domestic factors nor infections were proved that led to diseases of both husband and wife. By the genealogical method it was elucidated that when both spouses suffer BEN, they both were hereditary tainted--they came from families with endemic nephropathy. It was concluded that not "cohabitation" but most likely the hereditary taint was the cause for BENB of the married couples. PMID- 7257339 TI - The doctor in court. PMID- 7257340 TI - Medical ethics and the law. PMID- 7257341 TI - A serological evaluation of an immunization programme in Salt Cay, Turks, and Caicos Islands. PMID- 7257342 TI - Estimation of a reference range for immunoglobulins by a turbidimetric method. PMID- 7257343 TI - Acute glomerulonephritis in Guyana. PMID- 7257344 TI - The prevalence of allergic disease in Jamaican adolescents. PMID- 7257345 TI - The oxytocin challenge test in high-risk pregnancies. PMID- 7257346 TI - Benign epithelial mesothelioma of the corpus uteri. PMID- 7257347 TI - Mesothelioma: current perspectives. AB - Thirty patients with the diagnosis of mesothelioma were admitted to the Swedish Hospital Medical Center, Seattle, from 1975 to 1979. Of these, 26 had pleural and 4 had peritoneal mesothelioma. In 20 of the patients with pleural mesothelioma, the diagnosis had been made by open thoractomy and in only one by needle biopsy of the pleura. The average survival of the patients with pleural tumors from time of diagnosis was 15 months, and two are alive at three and eight months, respectively, one of whom had an apparent solitary benign mesothelioma. The average survival of those with peritoneal mesothelioma was ten months, although one has survived six years. There were 17 patients with a known history of exposure to asbestos, 14 while working in shipyards. Because of the relatively high incidence of this previously rare tumor in the Puget Sound, Washington, area, and the generally dismal results of therapy, better methods of diagnosis including thoracoscopy and a more systematic approach to treatment are recommended. PMID- 7257348 TI - Abnormal aminopyrine metabolism in patients with chronic hepatitis. AB - Aminopyrine metabolism was studied by the aminopyrine breath test in 21 control subjects, 24 patients with untreated chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 4 patients with treated CAH and 17 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH). Aminopyrine breath tests gave abnormal results in 20 of 24 patients with untreated CAH. Findings were normal in all patients with treated CAH or with CPH. This test may be helpful in discriminating between CAH and other forms of chronic hepatitis. PMID- 7257349 TI - Ascites. PMID- 7257350 TI - The great imitator, syphilis. PMID- 7257351 TI - Ascites. PMID- 7257352 TI - Financial aid for medical students. PMID- 7257353 TI - Autoerythrocyte sensitization. PMID- 7257354 TI - Gunshot penetrating injuries of the descending thoracic aorta. PMID- 7257355 TI - Gastrointestinal barotrauma. PMID- 7257356 TI - Ascorbic acid and nutrition. PMID- 7257357 TI - Hypokalemia in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 7257358 TI - Platelet dysfunction and migraines. PMID- 7257359 TI - Accidental hypothermia: hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. PMID- 7257360 TI - Croaker's dilemma--should prison physicians serve prisons or prisoners? PMID- 7257361 TI - Fourteen fallacies about patient package inserts. PMID- 7257362 TI - Toxic shock syndrome. AB - Eight cases of toxic shock syndrome, confirmed by Center for Disease Control criteria, involved women who were menstruating and were tampon users. Each patient had severe febrile illness with rash, associated hypotension, renal and liver function abnormalities, pharyngitis and vaginitis. An examination of the literature indicates that cases that were reported as adult Kawasaki disease may actually have been toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 7257363 TI - Radiologic errors in patients with lung cancer. AB - Some 20 percent to 50 percent of detectable malignant lesions are missed or misdiagnosed at the time of their first radiologic appearance. These errors can result in delayed diagnosis and treatment, which may affect a patient's survival. Use of moderately high (130 to 150) kilovolt peak films, awareness of portions of the lung where lesions are often missed (such as lung apices and paramediastinal and hilar areas), careful comparison of current roentgenograms with those taken previously and the use of an independent second observer can help to minimize the rate of radiologic diagnostic errors in patients with lung cancer. PMID- 7257364 TI - Iron deficiency: diagnosis and treatment. AB - Mild iron deficiency is common among infants, adolescents and women during the childbearing years. Practical and economical approaches toward its identification, treatment and prevention are needed. Laboratory screening is based on hemoglobin or hematocrit determinations compared with age-specific and sex-specific reference standards. If blood specimens have been analyzed by electronic counter, the presence of a normal or low-normal value for red cell volume increases the likelihood that anemia is due to iron deficiency. Other laboratory tests that may be helpful in selected cases include determining serum ferritin, transferrin saturation or erythrocyte protoporphyrin values. However, in most cases, a simple therapeutic trial with ferrous sulfate may be instituted on the basis of history and a screening test alone. If repeat laboratory studies after a month show no improvement, iron treatment should be stopped and other causes of anemia should be considered. PMID- 7257365 TI - Heroin addiction and pregnancy. AB - Pregnant heroin addicts tend to be younger than nonaddicted pregnant patients, unmarried or separated from spouses, and a disproportionately large number are members of minority ethnic groups. Heroin addiction during pregnancy is associated with several significant medical and obstetrical complications and may result in both acute and chronic abnormalities in neonates. Malnutrition, venereal disease, hepatitis, pulmonary complications, preeclampsia and third trimester bleeding are the most common maternal complications, while fetal death, intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity and withdrawal symptoms affect the fetus and neonate. There is controversy about treating addicts with methadone during pregnancy. The findings of studies in animals suggest that there may be a long-lasting drug-induced syndrome, characterized by growth retardation, delayed motor development and behavior abnormalities in offspring of heroin-addicted or methadone-treated mothers. PMID- 7257366 TI - Diverticular disease of the colon. PMID- 7257368 TI - Is there miscommunication about private practice? PMID- 7257367 TI - Iron nutrition. PMID- 7257369 TI - Toxic shock syndrome in a 19-year-old woman. PMID- 7257371 TI - Malaria in California. PMID- 7257370 TI - Control of refractory ventricular ectopy. Atrial and ventricular overdrive pacing. PMID- 7257372 TI - Diagnosis of human pulmonary dirofilariasis. PMID- 7257373 TI - Teaching the pelvic examination in an internal medicine residency program. PMID- 7257374 TI - Membranous nephropathy: high-dose alternate-day therapy with prednisone. AB - Fifteen cases were selected for study from 100 consecutive cases of membranous nephropathy diagnosed by renal biopsy and light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. The cases were chosen because during a pretreatment observation period ranging from 8 to 66 months (median, 18 months), the patients' disease state had progressed. Data gathered during this period served as a baseline against which to evaluate the effects of treatment with prednisone; thus, the patients served sequentially as their own controls. All but one of the patients had nephrotic syndrome, and 11 had renal insufficiency. Treatment with prednisone administered on alternate days was accompanied by decreasing proteinuria and increasing serum levels of albumin in all the patients. Healing, defined as proteinuria of no greater than 0.2 grams per 24 hours for at least a year with maintenance of normal creatinine clearance, occurred in eight patients. Renal function, judged by rate of creatinine clearance or level of creatinine in serum, improved in all 11 patients with renal insufficiency; in eight of these, normal function was attained. Poor renal function could not be attributed to diminished blood volume measured by chromium 51 red-blood-cell tag. PMID- 7257375 TI - Benefits of a sleep disorders clinic in a Veterans Administration Medical Center. AB - The Sleep Disorders Clinic at the San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center provides a diagnostic service within a public hospital. Case records of the first 117 patients receiving polysomnograms in our clinic were reviewed. Of these patients, 44 percent were found to have sleep apnea, 24 percent nocturnal myoclonus and 8 percent narcolepsy. Our experience shows that in a health maintenance organization, a sleep disorders clinic provides diagnostic information (based on a polysomnogram and a sleep history) which is very helpful in the final diagnosis of medical disorders. Very few recordings were noncontributory. In this setting, a sleep disorders clinic is justified by its rich diagnostic yield. PMID- 7257376 TI - Epidemiology as a guide to clinical decisions--II. Diet and coronary heart disease. AB - Should clinicians prescribe fat-controlled diets to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD), and, if so, which patients should be given this advice? In this report, we use a three-step model to explain the hypothesis that dietary fats are a cause of CHD: dietary saturated fat and cholesterol raise serum cholesterol levels (step 1), which are a cause of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (step 2), and, in turn, clinically manifest CHD (step 3). An evaluation of the scientific evidence for each step leads us to conclude that dietary fats definitely influence the level of serum cholesterol, and that serum cholesterol is probably a cause of atherosclerosis and CHD. To determine the clinical implications, we examined the potential of various foods to keep cholesterol levels lower, as well as the projected magnitude of reduction in CHD risk. The likelihood of benefit varies among patients, ranging from uncertain or trivial (for those with lower serum cholesterol levels, those who are free of other risk factors and the elderly) to substantial (for patients with higher serum cholesterol levels, those who have other risk factors and those who are young). This analysis supports an individualized approach to clinical management; each decision to prescribe a fat-controlled diet should be a judgment that depends on art-the therapeutic philosophy of each clinician and the particular needs of each patient-as well as on science. The implication for public health policies is that they should promote rather than a uniform eating pattern for all Americans, a uniform environment that enhances individual choices. This should include efforts to educate the medical profession and the public, and more comprehensive and informative foodlabeling practices. PMID- 7257377 TI - Preeclampsia and eclampsia. PMID- 7257378 TI - Diet, serum cholesterol and coronary heart disease. Has the dilemma been resolved at last? PMID- 7257379 TI - Hypernatremia in breast-fed newborns. PMID- 7257380 TI - Bile duct stricture shown during transhepatic cholangiography by use of cholecystokinin. PMID- 7257381 TI - Adenocarcinoma arising in gastric heterotopic pancreas. PMID- 7257382 TI - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the lower extremity: a complication of herpes zoster with dramatic response to propranolol. PMID- 7257383 TI - Cardiac arrhythmia at high altitude. PMID- 7257384 TI - Adoption: pediatric, legislative and social issues. AB - Physicians may find themselves involved in many phases of the adoption process, ranging from advising infertile couples who wish to adopt a child to caring for adopted children, adolescents or adults. Recent legislation has been aimed at making it possible for children to be adopted who have been receiving foster care and at providing financial assistance to implement the adoption of children with handicaps and with medical problems. The adoption process is becoming more open. Adoptees are searching for and finding their biological parents and all parties in the "adoption triangle" are developing relationships with one another. PMID- 7257385 TI - Molten metal burns. AB - Molten metal burns are a frequent industrial injury among workers in foundries. The injury is typically small but very deep. Usually the depth and seriousness of these injuries is not recognized immediately by emergency department or industrial clinic physicians. In caring for 16 patients with molten metal burns we found that the burns were full thickness and averaged 2.7 percent of the total body surface (0.5 percent to 23 percent). The average hospital stay was 17 days, and ranged from 7 to 68 days. These small but serious burn injuries can result in tremendous loss of work days for both patients and employers, as well as tremendous expense to industrial insurance carriers. Almost all of the expenses for medical care before admission to hospital as well as a third of employee compensation benefits could be eliminated if definitive treatment was immediately available to these patients. PMID- 7257386 TI - Pulmonary embolism in patients with acute leukemia and severe thrombocytopenia. AB - While pulmonary thromboembolism has been reported in patients with acute leukemia complicated by severe thrombocytopenia, it has been studied infrequently and its pathogenesis remains imprecisely understood. Findings of 80 consecutive autopsies of patients with acute leukemia showed that three had pulmonary thromboembolism. All three patients had been severely thrombocytopenic and had received numerous platelet transfusions. Serial sections of thrombi were evaluated with electron microscopy. In no instance were platelet aggregates detected. However, Candida organisms were prominent in thrombotic specimens from each patient. These findings suggest that thromboembolism in such patients may involve occult fungal infection. Because pulmonary thromboembolism can complicate the course of acute leukemia and severe thrombocytopenia, it should be considered when clinical data suggest its occurrence. PMID- 7257387 TI - [Usefulness of simple oral loading with a fat meal for the evaluation of intestinal absorption of lipids]. PMID- 7257388 TI - [Esophageal injuries from metallic foreign bodies]. PMID- 7257389 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of abscesses of the small pelvis]. PMID- 7257390 TI - [Enzyme activity in the semen in cases of male sterility]. PMID- 7257391 TI - [Personality characteristics in patients with Wilson's lichen ruber planus]. PMID- 7257392 TI - [Case of mesenchymoma of the retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 7257393 TI - [Perivesicular abscess penetrating into the abdominal cavity as a complication of cholecystitis]. PMID- 7257394 TI - [Omental torsion as a cause of acute abdomen]. PMID- 7257395 TI - [2-stage splenic rupture]. PMID- 7257397 TI - [Giant liver adenoma complicated by calculous cholecystitis]. PMID- 7257396 TI - [Giant gallbladder as a result of the malignant growth of melanoma]. PMID- 7257398 TI - [Cecal carcinoid tumor following appendectomy]. PMID- 7257401 TI - [Management of traumatic liver and splenic rupture associated with hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 7257399 TI - [Case of protracted epidemic meningitis in a 11-year-old boy]. PMID- 7257400 TI - [Effect of treatment on the indicators of the spontaneous nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test in chronic nonspecific bronchopulmonary diseases]. PMID- 7257402 TI - [Clinical course and treatment of suppurative cerebrospinal meningitis in children]. PMID- 7257403 TI - [Computer-tomographic picture of ischemic cerebral foci in internal carotid artery occlusion]. PMID- 7257404 TI - [Use of multipoint thoracic leads (electrocardiographic mapping) in the diagnosis of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7257405 TI - [Coexistence of congenital methemoglobinemia and cyanotic heart defect in a newborn infant]. PMID- 7257406 TI - [Pulmonary changes with the characteristics of primary pulmonary tuberculosis in adults]. PMID- 7257407 TI - [Absence of the body of the cervical vertebra in Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 7257410 TI - [Favism in a 10-year-old boy]. PMID- 7257409 TI - [Plasmacytoma of the upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 7257408 TI - [Sequelae of biomechanical disorders in Klippel-Feil syndrome]. PMID- 7257411 TI - [Acute lignocaine poisoning from the medicolegal aspect]. PMID- 7257412 TI - [Neuro-psychiatric aspects of gastrointestinal disease (author's transl)]. AB - On principle one has to distinguish between inflammatory (infectious) and non inflammatory intestinal diseases. These may affect merely certain parts of the gastrointestinal tract or influence the entire digestive system. Leading symptoms of all these diseases are disturbances of intestinal motility and of secretion, both causing diarrhoea or, rarely, constipation. The clinical picture can be acute or chronic. Acute manifestations, especially with high temperatures, include various florid psychopathological phenomena of an exogenous type of reaction. Chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal system do not show the above mentioned picture. Very rarely encephalopathy causes organic psychosyndromes. Neurological findings point to lesions of the peripheral nerves (polyneuropathy), funicular defects within the spinal cord (funicular myelitis) and, very rarely, to encephalopathy. Syndromes of polyneuritis can be seen in acute, as well as in chronic enteropathies. Spinal lesions are only found in cases with chronic gastro intestinal disease. With the exception of funicular myelosis in genuine pernicious anaemia (here parenteral substitution with vitamin B 12 is the therapy of choice) -- all gastroenterogenous neurological signs are only minimally accounted for by disturbances of B 1 and B 12 absorption. These substances should be used only in combination with other agents combating the basic disease. PMID- 7257413 TI - [Neurological signs in diphenylhydantoin intoxication (case reports and review) (author's transl)]. AB - Five patients who were treated with long-term diphenylhydantoin for epilepsy developed neurological signs of poisoning. In 4 cases the symptoms appeared following treatment of status epilepticus with additional phenytoin medication. All patients had an acute symptomatic psychosis and a diffuse slowing of the curves in the EEG. All 5 patients showed cerebellar signs and two of them complained additionally of objective polyneuropathy, a third case complaining of itching only. An axonal polyneuropathy with minimal reduction in motor nerve conduction and a considerable extension of distal latency and diminution of compound action potential was found. In one case the biopsy showed concentric lamellar bodies coming from the axon, with intact myelin sheaths. All alterations were reversible. The pathogenesis of toxicity is discussed. Cumulation of toxic products in the plasma arising from delayed elimination of DPH metabolites is pointed out. However, one case with cerebellar signs had normal DPH levels. PMID- 7257414 TI - [Investigation of a variant form of hypoxanthine-phosphoribosyl transferase in a family (author's transl)]. AB - In a family study with two patients showing hyperuricaemia, discrete neurological symptoms, as well as gouty arthritis in the older proband, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) were determined in haemolysates and fibroblast extracts. 6 normal subjects and 3 patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome were examined as controls. Reduced HPRT activity by 18% and 12% in the proband and his nephew, respectively, together with an increase to values of 206% and 113% in APRT activity was observed in haemolysates. In fibroblasts the HPRT activity was reduced to 40--43%, but the APRT activity was within the normal range. The studies indicate the presence of a possible variant form of HPRT in these patients. PMID- 7257415 TI - [The LISS technique-a more sensitive and faster method for erythrocyte antibody detection (author's transl)]. AB - A low ionic strength solution (LISS) medium was compared with a conventional albumin fortified isotonic saline medium for the indirect antiglobulin test. The tests were performed in parallel with both media. The antisera used for the studies were commercial test sera of the specificities anti D, C, c, E, e, K, Le, Fy, Jk, Lu and sera of patients containing antibodies of the specificities anti D, CD, C, c, E, e, K, Le, Fy, Jk. Further observations were undertaken on the reaction of commercial antisera with mono- and polyspecific Coombs sera using the LISS technique. The investigations show a decrease in the incubation time and a slight increase in sensitivity of the reaction. Due to these advantages the LISS technique appears to be suitable for routine clinical antibody detection and cross-match reactions, especially in urgent cases. PMID- 7257416 TI - [The forensic significance of the "silent" gene Su (observation of Su in three generations) (author's transl)]. AB - The complexity of the M-N-S-s system is described, especially the rare silent allele, Su. In a paternity case Su was found in three generations of the family of the accused man, on carrying out comparative dosage investigations. Thus, an exclusion of the putative father, based on an isolated exclusion in the S-s system (SS/ss) could be reversed. The value of plausibility of paternity (19 systems) was 99.985% with the verbal predicate: paternity " practically proven". PMID- 7257417 TI - [Gynaecomastia (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical symptoms and signs of gynaecomastia are reviewed with particular reference to radiological appearance, thermography and therapeutic measures. PMID- 7257418 TI - [Stepwise combination of skeletal scintigram and x-rays in the improvement and rationalisation of skeletal metastases detection (author's transl)]. AB - Skeletal scintigraphy with 99mTc phosphate complexes allows the early detection of sites of pathological activity in bones. High sensitivity of this procedure (93%) contrasts with low specificity (59%). Scintigraphically-located sites are uncharacteristic and can imply various diagnoses and require radiodiagnostic investigation. The stepwise application of both methods is recommended, according to tumour type and clinical picture in order to avoid unnecessary and costly duplication of investigation procedures. Thus, the combination of the high specificity of skeletal radiology and the high sensitivity of scintigraphy aids the early detection of skeletal metastases, whereby whole-body skeletal scintigraphy forms the basis for such investigations. PMID- 7257419 TI - [100 mm technique in obstetric radiodiagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - A report is presented on the range of application of the 100 mm technique. The results obtained with the aid of this method show that it is possible not only to reduce the actual dosage, but also to produce cheaper and better-quality X-rays. PMID- 7257420 TI - [Lumbo-sacral plexus neuropathy induced by irradiation (author's transl)]. AB - We report the case of a 60 year-old woman who developed a slowly progressive retrograde diplegia of the lumbo-sacral plexus with mixed sensomotor losses. This occurred with a delay of 6 years after telecobalt irradiation of a pelvic squamous cell carcinoma. Extensive investigations regarding the possibility of tumour recurrence were negative. This case report is compared with the few cases of irradiation damage to peripheral nerves or nerve roots of the lumbo-sacral area published until now. PMID- 7257422 TI - [Early diagnosis of gastric cancer, a utopian idea? (author's transl)]. AB - In order to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer it is necessary to discover the lesions at an early stage of the disease. Early gastric cancer has an excellent prognosis with a postoperative survival rate of 77 to 99%. Since 1970 we have diagnosed 76 cases of early gastric cancer and the percentage of early cancer out of all gastric cancers increased from 10 to 23%. This improvement is based on selected examinations of high-risk patients, on better diagnostic methods and on our better knowledge of macroscopic and histological appearance. In particular, the use of snare biopsy in protruding lesions and the implementation of continuous endoscopic-bioptic follow-up of all gastric ulcers until complete healing is achieved have improved the accuracy of histological verification. In 16 out of 76 cases of early gastric cancer a multicentric growth was observed. The diagnosis of gastric cancer at an early stage is not an utopian idea. It is reality when we pay attention to the aspects mentioned before. PMID- 7257421 TI - [Clinical and diagnostic value of computed tomography in retroperitoneal space occupying extrarenal and extrapancreatic lesions (author's transl)]. AB - In order to determine the diagnostic accuracy and clinical value of CT in the detection of retroperitoneal tumours and tumour-like conditions an evaluation was conducted of 397 CT examinations in 287 patients. Staging, monitoring of therapy and detection of relapse of the disease are the main indications for CT examination. CT should be used in the first place in the course of diagnostic staging procedures of patients with malignant tumours and tumour recurrence. This is justified by an overall diagnostic accuracy of 90% and the ability of CT to show up the exact localization and extent of tumours and the different patterns of lymph node involvement. PMID- 7257423 TI - [Electrotherapy of tachycardiac arrhythmias]. PMID- 7257424 TI - [Hypotension in Austria (author's transl)]. AB - A representative group of the Austrian population was surveyed to gain informations about various aspects of the blood pressure problem. 22% of the persons surveyed (16-70 years) reported hypotension and 14% hypertension. Especially women very often (29%) consider their blood pressure rather low. 17% of the respondents consider hypotension "very dangerous", 47% "dangerous under certain conditions"; 30% prefer the statement "rather not dangerous". Women are less concerned about hypotension than men. Although hypotension very often is not recognized as a serious health problem this issue has implication on morbidity statistics and other aspects of public health, e. g. frequency of medical consultations, drug treatment, health economy. The population shows a high degree of awareness of this question of health. PMID- 7257425 TI - [Sympathicomimetics and development of tolerance (author's transl)]. AB - The development of tolerance to sympathicomimetics caused by continuous application was investigated as well in patients as in normal subjects. In 70 non selected patients with obstructive airway disease the decrease of airway resistance was examined after inhaling 2 puffs of salbutamol. Patients showing a reduction of airway resistance less than 20% were examined more closely. Possible explanations for their decreased response to salbutamol were as follows: a considerable dyscrinism in 10 patients, a mucosal swelling caused by bronchopulmonary infection in 3 patients, a previous pulmonary embolism in 2 patients. No explanation could be found in 2 cases, in one of them - an analgetic asthma - the slight response was reproducible. The problem of desensitization or development of tolerance does not seem to be very significant in the in-patients. In 5 normal subjects the response of airway resistance, heart rate and blood pressure was investigated before and 30 minutes after inhaling 2,4 and 6 puffs of salbutamol. The tests were repeated after 1,2 and 3 weeks of application of 2 puffs of salbutamol 5 times a day. No positive reference to a substantial difference in tolerance after protracted administration of salbutamol could be found. Thus there is no evidence of development of tolerance to salbutamol. PMID- 7257426 TI - [Sucrose-electrolyte solution in the treatment of diarrheal diseases in infants and children]. PMID- 7257427 TI - [The anterior tibial syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The anterior tibial syndrome is caused by primary or secondary ischemia of the tibial muscles group. Acute onset of intensive pain, swelling of the muscles and reddening of the skin are the clinical features of the syndrome. The muscles enzymes are raised. The definite diagnosis is established by the typical "silent EMG". Surgical decompression within 24 hours after onset of the symptoms is of essential prognostic importance. PMID- 7257428 TI - [The value of compute tomography in "sciatica" (author's transl)]. AB - 13 cases of therapy-resistant lumboischialgia without herniated disk, caused in 12 cases by a tumour and in 1 case by an abscess, were examined by computed tomography of the lumbar and pelvic region. This method is indicated immediately after insufficient results of conventional X-ray methods (including tomography) and of lumbosacral radiculography. The compute tomography is indispensable also in patients with "sciatica" with a known malignoma. The informations given by computed tomography are essential for the therapy planning. PMID- 7257429 TI - [Significance of skin test and RAST in the diagnosis of insect sting allergy (author's transl)]. AB - 46 patients who had an unusually severe reaction after bee or wasp sting were examined by skin testing and determination of specific IgE antibodies. In this way 10 cases of bee venom hypersensitivity and 13 cases of wasp venom hypersensitivity were diagnosed. Thus it may be claimed to prove the existence of specific IgE antibodies in each patient who showed a systemic or intense local reaction after an insect sting. PMID- 7257430 TI - [Disorders of regulation in the forefront of cancer development]. PMID- 7257431 TI - [Psychohygienic aspects of behavioural methods in preparation for childbirth (author's transl)]. AB - The main sources of conflict in pregnancy and labour are depicted in the introduction. Then the psychohygienic possibilities of preparation for childbirth are pointed out and discussed in the light of a program for preparation for childbirth by the author, oriented on behavioural, learning-theoretical and group psychological principles. All interventions of this program are designed to consider continually the cognitive and emotional capacity of information processing of each group-member. This is realised by problemsolving-training and self-control strategies, administered to actual tasks and problems. By this means important ego-functions are strengthened, which counteract emotions of helplessness and depression. These assumptions are supported by the results of an empirical investigation of this program. PMID- 7257432 TI - [The influence of premature rupture of the membranes on fetal lung maturity (author's transl)]. AB - In 19 cases of premature rupture of the membranes between the 30th and 37th week of gestation amniotic fluid was collected immediately after rupture of the membranes and within 72 hours for surface tension measurement in the Wilhelmy balance. The initial values predicted lung immaturity for the fetus in all cases. Surface activity of the amniotic fluid increased in 17 women, in 2 cases however there was no difference in the surface tension values 48 hours after rupture of the membranes. These two infants developed a respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), one of them died. The pulmonary function of all neonates could be predicted correctly on the basis of the surface tension measurement of the amniotic fluid samples collected before birth. The findings support the positive effect of premature rupture of the membranes on induction of pulmonary maturity in the newborn, which leads to a reduction of RDS frequency after premature rupture of the membranes. PMID- 7257434 TI - Breast cancer. PMID- 7257433 TI - [Prevention of septic complications in colorectal surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Report on the preoperative preparation of patients for colorectal surgery with metronidazole. A diminution of the rate of septic complications from 19.6% to 2.1% could be realized. The scheme of preparation is represented. PMID- 7257435 TI - Cardiovascular disease in Wisconsin:declining mortality and contributing factors. PMID- 7257436 TI - Retention and inspection of patients' records. PMID- 7257437 TI - The use of consent and related forms for physicians. PMID- 7257438 TI - Hospital liability risks not basis for usurping authority of medical staff. PMID- 7257439 TI - Guidelines for implementation of joint practice of physicians and nurses. PMID- 7257441 TI - Some considerations in the closing of a physician's practice. PMID- 7257440 TI - The physician's role in school physical therapy/occupational therapy. PMID- 7257442 TI - Problems of a physician's widow/er. PMID- 7257443 TI - Guidelines for prescribers of controlled substances. PMID- 7257444 TI - [The cooperation of pneumonologist and allergologist in the care of patients with bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. AB - The initial manifestation of atopic bronchial asthma belongs in diagnostics and therapy into the field of the allergologist. But the services of the specialty tuberculosis and respiratory diseases can assist especially with hospital treatment in this care because the services for allergology in the policlinical departments for internal medicine and pediatrics do not dispose of bed capacities of their own. The cooperation of the specialty tuberculosis and respiratory diseases is appropriate in the dispensaire care and hospital treatment of asthmatics especially in those cases, when there is an infect-induced asthma, if any other respiratory diseases exist as complications of bronchial asthma or if disturbances of pulmonary function supervene. Then the consultation with the specialist of clinical immunology and allergology may become necessary. PMID- 7257446 TI - [Aerosol concentration and heat transfer by radiation (author's transl)]. AB - Aerosols are able to influence the heat delivery of the human body. The influence of aerosols of various concentrations on the infrared radiation exchange of a solid with its environment is theoretically and experimentally investigated at a room climatic model. The heat delivery by infrared radiation of the solid is impaired for about 6% only by the saturated water vapour independent from the aerosol concentration. The influence of the particles on the radiation exchange is a function of the aerosol concentration and leads to a hindering of the heat delivery too. At a concentration of N approximately equal to 10(12) m--3 the heat delivery by radiation is diminished altogether for about 12%. PMID- 7257445 TI - [The stability of drugs under the conditions of the ultrasonic thermo aerosol (author's transl)]. AB - Under conditions of the ultrasonic thermo aerosol the stability of selected drugs is investigated by estimation of their concentration and by spectrophotometric and thin-layer chromatographic analysis, respectively. Using an ultrasonic nebulizer USI 50 of the common production neither the spectrophotometric nor the thin-layer chromatographic analysis give any sign of destruction processes of the drugs used. As a rule the concentration of the drugs is lower in the condensed aerosol than in the stock solution. For clinical use this decrease in unimportant. Producing the stock solution of nystatin corresponding to the recommendations of the committee "Aerosols in the Medicine" of the Society of Bronchopneumonology and Tuberculosis of the GDR, only very low concentrations of nystatin can be detected in the aerosol. Producing the solution in another way- chosen by us--50% of the concentration in the stock solution can be fund in the aerosol. But this manner of production still needs the approval of the central expert evidence committee. PMID- 7257447 TI - [The complex immunological examination of tuberculous patients (author's transl)]. AB - The significance of immunological reactivity in tuberculosis was investigated in 325 patients with various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis (disseminated, destructive, severe, treated, and not yet treated forms) for T-lymphocytes with the aid of the spontaneous rosette formation, the lymphocytes transformation test ot phytohaemagglutinin, and the determination of the lymphocyte sensibility to cortisol; for the B-lymphocytes with the aid of complement rosette formation, the determination of immunoglobulins M, G, A, and the heterophile agglutinins; for the evaluation of the intensity of tuberculin allergy by the cutaneous test, the lymphocyte transformation test, the leucocyte migration inhibition test, the neutrophils toxicity test to tuberculin, and the passive haemagglutination. These investigations revealed a considerable impairment of the immunological reactivity in dependence of disease pattern and duration. PMID- 7257448 TI - [The treatment of patients with pulmonary diseases in the "day sanatorium" (author's transl)]. AB - Report on 14 years experience with the day sanatorium belonging to the 4th pulmonary department of the Janos-Hospital in Budapest. Therapeutic results correspond to those of the hospital department. The day department has proved a success for examination and treatment of patients with pulmonary disease. In the recent years its importance of treatment of patients with non-specific pulmonary diseases has significantly increased. The day sanatorium is enjoying great popularity as well with the patients as in the Chest Clinics. PMID- 7257449 TI - [Cholestasis and liver cell necrosis resulting from acute pulmonary embolism (author's transl)]. AB - 124 autopsy cases with acute pulmonary embolism were investigated. Severe or moderate necrosis of parenchymal cells were found in 24%, and disseminating microfocal necrosis furthermore in 32%. An unsignificant or mild cholestasis was observed in 44%. The cause of necrotic liver damage is a complex circulatory disturbance, formed by acinar liver structure. A correlation between degree of thromboembolism and liver necrosis or cholestasis does not exist. PMID- 7257450 TI - [Roentgenologically wasted time in bronchial carcinoma -a review (author's transl)]. AB - The importance of roentgenologically wasted time, its frequency, causes and relation to specific characteristics of bronchial carcinoma are discussed in details along the literature. A short casuistic will show the actuality of the problem. There may be gained some important conclusions from the literature, but the differences in methods and the missing security in some definitions don't allow reliable answers to some detailproblems. The following conclusion could be derived from literature: 1. The roentgenologically protracted rate amounts to more than 30% on average. It decreases with increasing in experience of the readers of fluorographies. But even among them in the part of protracted cases amounts up to 10%. 2. Late protracted roentgenologic roentgenologic diagnosis is caused by -overlooking minimal lesions, -false algorithm in diagnostic procedure, -false diagnosis, -inadequate techniques, -the misinterpretation of developing malign lesion on the basis of existing alterations aetiologically known, -the delay on the patient's part. 3. The most important cause of all protracted x-ray findings is misinterpreted obstructive pneumonitis; it is followed by parenchymal cloudy densities, by striped atelectasis, old tuberculous processes, peripheral coin lesions and hilus alterations. 4. The time roentgenologically wasted is differing in wide range up to some years. 5. With increasing wasted time the portion of central tumors is also rising. 6. Even in patients considered as radically resected there exists still a negative correlation between the roentgenologically wasted time and prognosis. 7. The average of wasted time in x ray lesions is running parallel to the screening intervals. 8. There seem to exist some differences between the different histological types in view of the roentgenologically wasted time. 9. There are no correlations between the age of the patients and the roentgenologically wasted time. PMID- 7257451 TI - [Vascular surgery in ischemic cerebral infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Ischemic cerebral infarction requires surgical treatment, if based on stenosis or occlusion of an internal carotid or middle cerebral artery. The selection of the patients and the indications for carotid thrombendarterectomy or extracranial intracranial arterial bypass are discussed. Preoperative testing of patients under hyperbaric oxygenation may be important for the success of an operation. Report on the experience with 128 surgically treated cases. PMID- 7257452 TI - [Agricultural accidents in children. Causes, consequences and possibilities of prevention]. AB - Agricultural accidents in childhood not seldom lead to mutilation and invalidity. At the Pediatric Surgical Hospital in Graz 272 children were treated because of agricultural accidents between 1975 and 1978. Children younger than ten years of age, especially preschool children, are mostly afflicted. 56 percent of the injuries, most of them serious, happened by the use of agricultural machines, tractors included. Proposals for the prevention of agricultural accidents in childhood are presented. PMID- 7257454 TI - [Factors affecting the localization of joints in rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - For testing a possible connection between the localization of a joint and anthropometric data in rheumatoid arthritis the numbers of a maximum and minimum affection in the region of the hand were at first determined. Former findings of a more frequent participation of the right hand could be confirmed. In the region of the distal skeleton of the hand the changes were to be found more radially, in the proximal parts more frequently ulnarly. Examinations concerning the influence of the breadth, length and angular measures of the hand showed above all connections of the affection of the joints with the breadth of the hand. An influence of measures and indices of the body on the frequency of the affection of peripheral joints could statistically ascertained only for few of the constellations examined. Future investigations shall take into consideration the regional vessel and nerve supply, shall issue from homogeneous groups of test persons and shall be performed with other methods of evaluation. PMID- 7257453 TI - [Characteristics of the early phase of ankylosing spondylitis]. AB - 100 patients with several clinical and suspicious radiological symptoms of Bechterev's disease (Institute of Rheumatology Moscow) and 100 patients with the clinical symptoms of Bechterev's disease without radiological symptoms of a sacroiliacal arthritis (Medico-Policlinical Institute Leipzig) have been examined within a common research programme since 1976 and analysed concerning the frequency of the complaints as well as of clinical symptoms at the beginning of the disease. The main complaints at the beginning of Bechterev's disease are nocturnal pains in the lumbosacral region, pains in the joints, in which cases 50% of the patients spoke of swellings of the joints. 42% of the patients complained of the feeling of the morning rigidity in the lumbar spinal column and 22% spoke of increased temperatures. In 9--10% of our patients an iritis was diagnosed at the beginning of the disease. PMID- 7257456 TI - [Endoscopic biopsy study results of stomach stumps following Billroth II resection]. AB - The results of gastroscopico-bioptical examinations of 121 unselected patients on an average 18 years after the Billroth-II-resection on account of peptic ulcers were apart from 6 carcinomas (5%) conspicuously high incidences of polyps (17%), islets of lipids (13.2%) and dysplasias (19%). Manifold biopsies from anastomosis and middle of the stump showed an approximate histomorphological uniformity only in 50--60%, whereby atrophic changes at the anastomosis dominated in 29% of the cases. As in the non-operated stomach, therefore, also in the stump stomach the gastritic degrees of severity are unequally distributed. An atrophic gastritis was present altogether only in 50% of the patients so that postoperatively a regularly accelerated transition to the diffuse atrophy of the mucous membrane is not to be expected. The importance of the chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia as well as of the dysplasias--particularly in the Billroth II stump of the stomach--as a precancerous lesion or condition is discussed in connection with the increased risk of a carcinoma after resection of the stomach. Beginning with the 10th year after the Billroth-II-operation the dispensary care must be enlarged by long-term, continuous gastroscopico-bioptical controls, in which cases the early recognition of precanceroses and carcinomas is in the foreground. PMID- 7257455 TI - [Hyperthyroidism and anemia]. AB - In a random test of 100 patients with hyperthyroidism with clinical and paraclinical ascertainment of the diagnosis in 38 cases normo-hypochromic, normocytary anaemias of different expression were found. In the patients with anaemia the serum hormone values were statistically significantly higher than in the 62 patients without anaemia. Also cardiotoxic and hepatotoxic findings were more frequently to be proved in patients with anaemia. A causal iron deficiency, deficit of vitamin B12 or folic acid as well as a haemolytic component of the induction of anaemia could vastly be excluded. By means of the treatment of the basic disease and metabolic balance a normalisation of hemoglobin was achieved without additional medication. From the results of the examinations is concluded that above all a thyreotoxic damage is responsible for the development of the anaemia. In cases of oligo-symptomatic hyperthyroidism part from hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity also anaemias may become a leading symptom. PMID- 7257458 TI - [Heart rate and blood pressure under psychological and physical laboratory stress in young hypertensive patients following long-term therapy with the beta receptor blocker propranolol]. AB - 16 male hypertensive patients who could be compared according to the behaviour of blood pressure and the heart frequency in the psychophysiological experiment, according to age the characteristic signs of the profession underwent a long-term therapy with propranolol. After an average duration of the therapy of 31 months the patients were exposed to psychical and physical laboratory loads after a three-week interval in therapy. The behaviour of the blood pressure and of the heart frequency under psychical and physical laboratory loads before and after the therapy with propranolol are compared. PMID- 7257457 TI - [Circulatory regulation during orthostatic test in young hypertensive patients]. AB - The recognition of orthostatic circulatory dysregulations the usual circulation test were critically analysed concerning their valency. The results of our examinations show that all tests are only a supplementing diagnostics to the comprehensive directed anamnesis and clinical examination. The importance of the orthostasis in the therapy of hypertension is known. Taking into consideration the complex approach, the frequency of orthostatic circulatory dysregulations is also evident in untreated juvenile hypertensive patients. Juvenile hypertensive patients with orthasthenia should be treated with a basis therapy with beta receptor blockers. PMID- 7257459 TI - [Differential diagnosis of peripheral lymph node enlargement]. AB - The diagnostics of swelling of lymph nodes is in the first place directed to the exclusion of malignant lymphomas and metastases. In these cases, however, the histological investigation is the method with the highest value, but only then, when it is performed by an experienced morphologist including clinical findings. Therefore, it may be only the final point of thorough clinical, biochemical and serological findings. Already by cytological investigation in the majority of the swellings of lymphatic nodes a definitive diagnosis can be made. Among our own patients the proportion of the histologically examined swellings of the lymph nodes was about 21.3%. Punctures of the lymphatic nodes were performed in 41.6%. In the majority of the patients, a lymphotropic infection could be proved by blood picture, serum enzymes and serological findings. The proportion of malignant lymphomas was 14.3%. PMID- 7257460 TI - [Vitamin B12-level in serum of diabetics receiving long-term buformin therapy]. AB - Disturbances of the vitamin B12 resorption by the therapy with biguanides above all metformin are known from literature. In 59 patients with Buformin retard monotherapy we determined in 18.7% slight reductions of the vitamin B12 level in the serum, in one patient the serum concentration was lower than 50 pg/ml. That means that also under therapy with Buformin can be reckoned with easy disturbances of resorption for vitamin B12. Occasional controls of Hb and anamnestic establishment of neurological symptoms are to be recommended during a therapy with Buformin, in order not to overlook the clinical signs of a vitamin B12 hypovitaminosis. PMID- 7257461 TI - [Compartment analysis of potassium metabolism--mathematical modelling of 42-K tracer kinetics]. AB - The possibility of application of the theoretical concept of the compartment analysis in the modelling of the potassium balance was demonstrated. A use of the compartment analysis of the potassium balance in the clinical routine diagnostics in the sense of a highly specialised functional diagnostics seems according to recent experiences reasonable only in closest cooperation with clinicians. The diagnostics and the control of therapy of the chronic syndrome of potassium deficit as well as metabolically conditioned disturbances of the distribution of potassium were to be seen as possible indication. At the same time the establishment of reference values for the demarcation of relative disturbances of distribution as well as for the establishment of the normal region of the turnover rates were necessary. PMID- 7257463 TI - [The problem of ventricular flutter and fibrillation]. AB - Ventricular flutter evokes quick, haemodynamically little effective ventricular contractions. The still existing minimal circulation does not maintain the vital functions. Ventricular fibrillation is tantamount to the acute standstill of the cardiac circulation. If they are not treated, these malignant disturbances of the rhythm nearly always lead to death. Reentry processes or foci with rapid formation of impulses are discussed as responsible electrophysiological mechanisms. Warning arrhythmias are significant for the evocation of ventricular flutter and fibrillation. But the concept of the warning arrhythmias has no unrestricted validity. Thus also late involving ventricular extrasystoles can evoke ventricular fibrillation. Disturbances of intraventricular conduction are also significant for the development of ventricular fibrillation. In our own patients there were no disturbances of conduction only in 13.1% of the cases with ventricular fibrillation. Etiologically are of concern: acute myocardial infarction, chronic myocarditis, chronic ischaemic heart disease, current accidents, advanced stages of vitia and cardiomyopathies. Frequently ventricular fibrillation appears as paroxysmal form (paroxysmal uncoordinated ventricular tachycardia, "torsades de pointe") due to inhomogeneous repolarisation (prolongation of the QTU-time). Therapeutically only the immediate electro-shock therapy has a chance of success in ventricular flutter or fibrillation. Among our patients out of 61 patients with ventricular flutter and fibrillation 26 could be dismissed. PMID- 7257462 TI - [Diagnostic problems of diabetic nephropathy in elderly patients with diabetes from a clinical point of view]. AB - The clinical findings of 28 diabetic females with suspicion of diabetic nephropathy were compared with the findings of 27 decreased female diabetics with ascertained diabetic glomerulosclerosis. In the two groups above all elderly female diabetics were concerned with an average duration of diabetes of more than 10 years. Of the parameters examined duration of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy still possessed the greatest diagnostic certainty. All the other symptoms (particularly proteinuria, hypertension) were only signs of reference. On account of the difficult differential diagnosis of the diabetic nephropathy an undiscriminating use of the notion should be avoided, above all then when a bioptical clarification is not possible. PMID- 7257465 TI - Statement regarding acupuncture by the Medical Council of the Academy of Sciences of the German Democratic Republic. PMID- 7257464 TI - [Electrothrombosis as a treatment measure]. AB - The endovasalic transcatheteral occlusion of arteries which provide tumors or acute bleedings is a commonly accepted therapeutic method. Hereby applied thrombogenic substances are again disintegrated frequently by means of endogenous fibrinolysis. The intravascular application of electrically direct current leads to a closing thrombosis. Its pathomorphologic basis is a lesion of the intima. A decomposition of these thrombi is not possible, because of the own endogenous fibrinolysis. Experimental therapeutic experiences with the electrothrombosis were represented and their preferences in face of the embolisation method. PMID- 7257466 TI - [Motility of the small intestine in dogs before and after total colectomy, proctomucosectomy and endorectal ileal pull-through]. AB - In healthy dogs the parameters (amplitude and frequency) of small intestinal motility of segmental and propulsive contractions demonstrate a pressure-gradient directed from oral to aboral. The frequency of segmental contractions in the colo rectal region shows a vector in the opposite direction. One rarely finds propulsive activity in this area. Following on colectomy, proctomucosectomy and ileum pull-through a distinct increase in segmental small intestinal activity is noticed, while the frequency of propulsive movements simultaneously decrease. Thus it comes to a slowing of the passage of intestinal contents, and to increased water resorption. From these findings we conclude that the small intestine plays an essential part in the regaining of fecal continence in these animals. PMID- 7257467 TI - [Early and late results of internal small intestine splinting for ileus]. AB - The continuous inside splinting of the small intestine was carried out in 82 children and adults, because of postoperative ileus, chronic recurrent ileus and diffuse peritonitis. Possibly the splinting had contributed in one case to the perforation of the paralytic small intestine with a fatal outcome. In another case there occurred a relapse of an ileus. All other patients have no complaints in connexion with the splinting operation. Control examinations take place. A "total folding" of the small intestine was not observed by the radioscopy. PMID- 7257468 TI - [Animal experiments with bile peritonitis]. AB - Contrary observations exist in the publications concerning the bile peritonitis. Therefore the effect of sterile bile in the peritoneal cavity was investigated in the white mouse. We had the following results: 1. The L.D. 50 will be obtained only by high bile concentrations. 2. The chemical bile effect is minimal on the visceral and parietal peritoneum in the early and late phase. 3. The bile peritonitis does not get infected in case of the intact gastrointestinal and biliary tract. There does not exist a so-called passing through peritonitis even with big bile quantities. 4. A reduction of the peritoneal adhesions arises by bile influence and by weak adhesion stimuli. PMID- 7257469 TI - [Combined surgical and specific passive xenogenic immunotherapy in UVT tumor bearing inbred XVII/Bln mice]. AB - The influence of surgical tumor exstirpation and application of 9,6 x 10(6) sensitized rabbit lymphocytes in inbreeding mice was compared with unique surgical therapy. No therapeutic result existed with unique immunotherapy and advanced growth of the tumor (Winzer and Wolf). 74% of the mice were alive with combined therapy on the 21st day after operation respectively on the 31st day after transplantation. On the other hand only 53% of the mice were alive with surgical therapy alone. A clinical use of a unique passive xenogenous immunotherapy does not appear to be indicated, because there was not reached a constant remission. PMID- 7257470 TI - [Injuries to the epiphyseal groove and bone growth]. AB - Lesions of the epiphyseal cartilage of the growing bone lead to disturbances of growth. Experiments in the proximal epiphyseal cartilage of the rabbit tibia was carried out as an instruction about the disturbances of growth after Kuntscher nailing. The injured plane of the epiphyseal cartilage amounted to 2%. The disturbances of growth were analysed in dependence on the produced diaphysis fracture and the placement period of the osteosynthetic material. Functionally significant disturbances of growth are not caused after the lesion of the epiphyseal cartilage less than 2% of its plane and removal of the metal after the consolidation of the fracture. PMID- 7257471 TI - [Ureteral intussusception - a practicable anti-reflux method]. AB - A valve in distal direction was formed by means of invaginationion without opening the urinary tract in 15 undilated ureters in dog. After 3 months their function as an antireflux valve was checked. The result was good in 9 cases, a stenosis of the invaginat appeared in 4 cases and no antireflux effect was existing owing to the dislocation of the invagination in 2 cases. Details of the operative technique, causes of the failure, and the employment of the method in the human medicine were discussed. PMID- 7257472 TI - [Experimental animal studies on lung contusion]. AB - Isolating lung contusions were represented by means of animal experiments in rats. The mechanism of the trauma was a bounce against the thorax wall with a steel cylinder. Macroscopic pulmonary alterations, lung weights, the frequency of secondary injuries as well as the mortality rate are the parameters of the lesion. The lung alterations shows communities with human lung contusions. The model is suitable for the specification of histological and morphological alterations and for the pathogenesis of lung contusions as well as for the quest of diagnostic parameters. The intensity of the lung contusion is limited by initial rupture of vessels. To the test of clinical therapy and for the release of limited lung contusions there are required models with other mechanisms of trauma. PMID- 7257473 TI - [Intra-arterial antibiotic therapy in the management of chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the extremities (experimental and clinical studies]. AB - Authors examined the changes of antibiotic concentration in the inflammatory focus after administering Gentamycin and Cephalothin intravenously or intraarterially in case of experimentally induced osteomyelitis in the tibia of rabbit. Administering Gentamycin i. v. no therapeutic level could be measured, while Cephalothin showed a therapeutic level of antibiotic concentration just for a short period. When the same doses of these antibiotics were administered in the femoral artery, effective local antibiotic concentration could be detected for 3 hours. Authors' clinical studies also support these experimental results. Performing 43 i. a. treatments in 38 patients with osteomyelitis 39 was rated as effective. PMID- 7257474 TI - [The adhesive capacity of bio-vitroceramic and titanium in animal bones]. PMID- 7257475 TI - [Experimental animal studies on esophagus-stomach replacement with plicated small and large intestine]. AB - Animal experimental investigationns shows a reliable anastomosis by means of a plication of the esophagus anastomosis with the small intestine or the right colon after resectio of the stomach and the esophagus. The author developed a special method for the mobilisation of the small intestine and the right colon for the transposition in the thoracic cavity. Angiographic examinations showed optimal circulatory conditions of the interpolation during the whole experiment. Microscopical examinations confirm the uncomplicated healing of the anastomosis. PMID- 7257476 TI - [Scanning electron microscope study of microvascular anastomosis. Animal experiments]. PMID- 7257477 TI - [Protective effect on the liver through premedication with radiologically detoxicated endotoxin (Tolerin) in acute myocardial infarction in dogs]. AB - An acute myocardial infarction was produced in experiments in dogs by ligature of the ramus anterior of the left coronary artery. Cell damages in the liver showed electron microscopically 90 and 120 minutes after the begin of the experiment. Destruction or disturbance in the permeability of the liver cells was not or slight developed by pretreatment with radiologically detoxicated endotoxin. In this case no aggravation of the liver function was evident parallel to the morphological changes and the ability of the liver to detoxication of endotoxin was reserved. The experiment shows that the protective effect of Tolerin which prevented the ischemic liver cell damage is not the endotoxin tolerance. The stabilizing effect to the lysosomal membrane by Tolerin is the cause likely. PMID- 7257478 TI - [Acute pancreatitis. Functional morphology of a peculiar disease (author's transl)]. AB - The pathogenetic factor of acute pancreatitis is the autodigestion of the pancreas. Autodigestion takes place on the effect and dependent from the complete pancreatic juice, not only from one single or several enzymes. In the same way, the clearance of the necrosis can be deduced from the enzymatic activity (formation of pseudocysts). Autodigestion can only take place after the breakdown of protective mechanism, the cell metabolism play a decisive role. The edema of pancreatic juice as a consequence of the flow of pancreatic juice being hindered must be seen as the inversion of the physiological juice secretion across the intercalated ducts. It represents a (limited) protective mechanism against the accumulation of pancreatic juice. In the clinical course there can be observed an augmentation of amylase in blood. This augmentation of amylase concentration in blood is not identical with pancreatitis. PMID- 7257479 TI - Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on bile supersaturated with cholesterol in patients pretreated with clofibrate. AB - To clarify whether it is possible to compensate the lithogenic effect of clofibrate on bile without diminishing effect of clofibrate on bile without diminishing its therapeutic value, studies have been performed in 15 patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia. They received clofibrate (1.5 g/day) for three weeks and then a combination of clofibrate (1.5 g/day) + ursodeoxycholic acid (0.75 g/day) for also three weeks. The serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and total bile acids as well as the biliary lipid composition (bile acids, phospholipids and cholesterol were assessed before the study, after the clofibrate therapy and after the combined treatment. Both therapeutic regimen lowered the serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. The enhanced cholesterol saturation of bile during clofibrate treatment (lithogenic index of bile: 1.39; 0.73-1.40; median and range) was completely abolished by ursodeoxycholic acid (0.90; 0.62-1.27). It is suggested that this combination may be a useful way for the treatment of patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia. PMID- 7257480 TI - [The role of acid in ulcer pain (author's transl)]. AB - In 33 patients (duodenal ulcer 11, gastric ulcer 10, nonulcerous bulbar lesions 7, anastomotic ulcer 4, antral erosions 1), approximately 4 ml HCL 0,1 N were instilled under endoscopic view directly onto the lesion, with the purpose of eliciting patients-specific pain. Five (5) patients were test-positive; their pain was reproduced (duodenal ulcer 1, gastric ulcer 2, other bulbar lesions 2), the rest was negative. Twenty-three of the 33 patients were studied during a period of spontaneous pain, 4 exhibiting a positive test; 9 were asymptomatic, and 2 of these had a positive test. The role of acid in ulcer pain remains unclear. The pertinent literature is discussed. PMID- 7257481 TI - [ERCP: Complications and prophylaxis. A controlled study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257482 TI - [Natural history of "early" gastric cancer: results of a 10-year regional survey (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257483 TI - [Structural and functional alterations of the mucosa of a jejunal segment, interposed isoperistaltically after total gastrectomy according to Longmire Gutgeman (author's transl)]. AB - Six patients had total gastrectomy because of carcinoma followed by jejunum isoperistaltic interposition according to Longmire. A jejunal biopsy was taken in every case during operation and three and six months later endoscopically for morphometric and functional evaluation of small bowel mucosa. Three months after the operation a rise of L-phenylalanin in vitro uptake, an increase in villus height, surface area and a deepening of the crypts with raised mitotic activity of the crypt cells was found. The ratio of villus height to crypt depth was increased, although not significantly. On the other hand the activity of sucrase was initially decreased. Six months postoperatively all parameters had become normal besides the disaccharidases. These changes may be due to adaptive mucosal hyperplasia after small bowel resection or to luminal mucosal damage followed by compensatory hyperregeneration. Finally a humoral stimulus for mucosal hyperplasia as a postoperative effect is discussed. PMID- 7257484 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin concentrations in Crohn's disease. Clinical relevance and comparison with lipid-A-antibody titers (author's transl)]. AB - The results of previously published studies on serum immunoglobulin concentrations in patients with Crohn's disease are controversial. Therefore a long term study of serum immunoglobulin concentrations comparing 31 patients with Crohn's disease was carried out. The serum IgM concentrations of patients with active disease was significantly lower than the serum IgM concentration in patients with inactive disease. 7/25 patients who were all treated with steroids had an elevated serum IgE concentrations. It could not be demonstrated that serum immunoglobulin concentrations are influenced by steroids, by bowel resection or by the activity of the disease. As no characteristic change of serum immunoglobulin concentration in patients with Crohn's disease could be found the determination of serum immunoglobulins seems to be of no clinical value. Furthermore a possible connection between serum immunoglobulin concentrations and antibody titers against the lipid A component of endotoxins was investigated: Serum IgM concentrations were significantly higher in patients with elevated lipid-A-antibody titers than in patients with normal lipid-A-antibody titers. Thus indicates a specific antibody formation to endotoxins and lipid A, respectively. PMID- 7257485 TI - [Luminal deviation of the normal pancreatic duct a post mortem x-ray study (author's transl)]. AB - The study was performed in 64 post mortem ductograms of pancreata, missing any inflammatory and/or neoplastic alterations in extensive histological investigations by whole organ sections. The pancreatic duct was measured in the radiograms. From these measured values and by mean of a computer program of a cubic spline function the straightened pancreatic ducts were plotted. The number, the length and the amplitude of ductal deviations were measured in these plots. Luminal dilatations were found in all organs, ranging from 0.5 mm to 6 mm and more. Their frequency was significantly lowered in young people (11-30 years). PMID- 7257486 TI - [Epithelioma cuniculatum - a peculiar type of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - We report about three cases of epithelioma cuniculatum. In two patients the tumour occurred at the auricle, in one patient at the forepart of the foot. One tumour at the ear was removed by local surgical excision, the other was treated by x-rays but without lasting success. In one patient amputation of the foot had been necessary because of intensive local invasion. The differentialdiagnosis especially at the sole of the foot must include viral warts and pseudocarcinomatous tumours as papillomatosis cutis carcinoides. The tumours on the ear could be misinterpreted as keratoacanthomas. Clinically the cauliflowerlike tumours empty on pressure foul smelling keratin. Histologically they show traits of a squamous carcinoma of low grade malignancy and an extreme keratinization beside the typical numerous anastomosing crypts similar to rabbit burrows. PMID- 7257487 TI - [Vulvitis plasmacellularis Zoon (author's transl)]. AB - A rare case of plasma-cell vulvitis (Zoon) is reported in a 53 years old female. The painful erythematous plaque affected parts of the vulva. After disappointing local treatment for three years repeated intralesional injections of triamcinolone improved the condition satisfactory. PMID- 7257489 TI - [Mycosis fungoides associated with two different kinds of cancer and mucinosis follicularis (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a 72-year-old woman with mycosis fungoides who developed a mucinosis follicularis and two different kinds of cancer after 12 years is reported. The association of mycosis fungoides with cancer and the question of classification into the idiopathic and the symptomatic variety is discussed. PMID- 7257488 TI - [Selective ultraviolet phototherapy (SUP) for prophylaxis of polymorphous light eruption (author's transl)]. AB - 16 patients with polymorphous light eruption were prophylactically treated with selective ultraviolet phototherapy (SUP). Ten patients showed no or only minimal signs of their disease in a following holiday with high sun exposition; 4 patients had the same skin manifestations as in the years before. Indirect evaluation of the therapeutic success had to be performed in two patients, who did not have holidays in this year. Thus SUP may represent a new prophylactic treatment of polymorphous light eruption. PMID- 7257490 TI - [Contact dermatitis. Symposium of the Hungarian Dermatological Society, 26-28 June 1980, Szeged. Abstracts]. PMID- 7257491 TI - [The effect of setting variables on the therapeutic process]. PMID- 7257492 TI - [Dialectic model of the prenatal mother-child relationship]. PMID- 7257494 TI - [How far does the dialectic outlook reach in psychiatry?]. PMID- 7257493 TI - [The configuration frequency analysis. XIII. Multiple, canonical and multivariate prediction CFA and its use in medical sociology]. PMID- 7257495 TI - [Psychopathology as a science]. PMID- 7257496 TI - [Neuropsychological perspectives for psychopathology theories]. PMID- 7257497 TI - [Prognostic significance of ventricular echo beats induced during programmed ventricular stimulation (author's transl)]. AB - To determine the incidence and prognostic significance of the repetitive ventricular response, the present retrospective study was done in 123 patients (75 male, 48 female, mean age +/- S.D. 49 +/- 14 years) with a variety of cardiac rhythm disorders. Programmed right ventricular stimulation was done at a basic pacing rate of 120 b.p.m. using one (S2) and two (S2,S3) premature stimuli. The data were analysed as to the presence ro absence of a repetitive ventricular response and the outcome of the patients ((1) sudden death less than or equal to 1 h or documented ventricular fibrilllation without myocardial infaction without myocardial infarction; (2) survivors or patients dying from non-cardiac or non suddenly). A repetitive ventricular response was observed in 45/123 patients (36.6%) after one and in 51/120 patients (42.5%) after two premature stimuli. It occurred in 9/9 patients with ventricular fibrilation and in 20/23 patients (87%) with ventricular tachycardia. Mean follow-up period was 84 +/- 37.1 weeks (+/- S.D.). Five patients were lost to follow-up. 17/123 patients were classified as sudden death patients, the remaining patients were regarded as surviving (or dying non-suddenly). After one premature stimulus, a repetitive ventricular response was observed in 34.9% of survivors and in 47.1% of non-survivors (n.s.). After two premature stimuli, the incidence of a repetitive ventricular response increased from 36.8% in survivors to 70.6% in non-survivors (p less than 0.005). 12/106 of patients (11.3%) surviving and 10/17 patients (58.8%) non-surviving had more than three ventricular echo beats (p less than 0.005). All patients non surviving who demonstrated a repetitive ventricular response has intraventricular reentry. Depending on the regidity of the criteria used (i.e. number of echo beats), the sensitivity of the test ranged between 47 to 88%, whereas the specificity ranged between 44 to 94%. The number of false-positives was high (43 to 80%); however, the number of false-negatives was low (4 to 8%). Concluding, this retrospective study has shown a correlation between sudden death and the incidence and number of repetitive ventricular response (depending on the number of premature stimuli) and the type of reentrant beats (bundle branch reentry or intraventricular reentry). PMID- 7257498 TI - [Single-plane and biplane two-dimensional echocardiographical determination of left ventricular volume II. Patients with cornary artery disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257499 TI - [Treatment of acute myocardial infarction with betareceptor blocking agents. I. Hemodynamic effects of Propranolol in combination with digitalis (author's transl)]. AB - In the acute stage of transmural myocardial infarction, 22 patients ranging in age from 34 to 76 (mean 61.6) were given propranolol- because of its alleged myocardium-protecting properties - intravenously at a dosage of 0.03 to 0.1 mg/kg body weight under conditions of continuous hemodynamic control. Subsequently, the influence of digoxin, administered i. v. at a dosage of 0.01 my/kg body weight, on the negative-inotropic propranolol effects was examined. A hemodynamic comparison was made of the effects of propranolol before and after digitalis administration. In patients with compensated cardiac function (group 1, 16 patients), the propranolol-induced drop in the left ventricular stroke-work-index and rise in the left-ventricular filling pressure was completely compensated again by digitalis. The frequency-decreasing propranolol effect was nor influenced by digitalis. In patients with cardiac decompensation (group 2, 6 patients) digitalis only led to a renewed compensation of the left-ventricular stroke-work-index, the rise of the left-ventricular filling pressure remained unaffected. It follows from that, in cases of myocardial infarction without cardial decompensation, propranolol requires concomitant digitalisation. In cases of already existent myocardial insufficiency, propranolol can produce an unfavorable increase of the decompensation signs. PMID- 7257500 TI - [201-thallium stress scintigram in patients with coronary artery disease after administration of the cardioselective betablocker atenolol (author's transl)]. AB - Changes of regional myocardial perfusion before and after administration of Atenolol (AT) (5 mg i.v.) were investigated by 201-Tl stress-imaging in 14 patients (PAT) with greater than or equal to 70% coronary obstructions. Scintigrams were performed in 4 projections (AP, 30 degree LAO, 60 degrees LAO, left lateral); scintigraphic defects (SD) in one of the 6 LV segments (anterior, apical, inferior, septal, lateral, posterior) had to be identified in at least 2 projections and to show a decrease of activity greater than or equal to 25%. All PAT had at least one reversible SD. RESULTS: After AT, stress, induced SDs were unchanged in 11 of the 14 PAT at identical work loads (131 Watt). The total number of reversible defects was 33 before and 28 after AT (n.s.). However, not only the 3 PAT with improved stress scintigrams, but also 6 of the 11 PAT with unchanged abnormal stress scintigrams were clinically improved (ECG normalized, no angina). Thus in almost half of the patients (6/14), the stress ECG was normalized without normalization of perfusion pattern of thallium scintigrams. We conclude that in these patients subendocardial perfusion was enough improved to meet the reduced metabolic needs, but not enough to normalize stress images. PMID- 7257501 TI - [The effect of tricuspid insufficiency on right ventricular performance in patients with valvular heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - The hemodynamic effect of tricuspid insufficiency on right ventricular function was studied in 25 patients with rheumatic heart valve disease. 10 patients had mixed valve disease without tricuspid insufficiency (group A), and 15 patients had mixed mitral valve disease with tricuspid insufficiency (group B). Mitral valve area (1.76 vs. 1.66 cm2) and mitral regurgitant fraction (55 vs. 45%) were not significantly (p greater than 0.05) different between groups. Patients of group B revealed higher right atrial and right ventricular end-diastolic pressures than patients of group A. Right ventricular ejection fraction was lower in group B as compared to group A (44 vs. 52%, p less than 0.05). During ergometric exercise right atrial pressure was higher in group B as compared to group A (19 vs. 14 mm Hg, p less than 0.05), but mean pulmonary artery pressure (48 vs. 51 mm Hg, p greater than 0.05), cardiac index (3.3 vs. 3.31/min . mi2, p greater than 0.05) and stroke index (27 vs. 25 ml/m2, p greater than 0.05) were not significantly different. In mixed mitral valve disease associated with tricuspid regurgitation, right ventricular function is impaired when compared to mixed mitral valve disease of equal severity but without tricuspid regurgitation. Exercise induces a further augmentation of right atrial pressure in these patients with tricuspid regurgitation. We conclude, right atrial pressure elevation is not only the consequence of tricuspid regurgitation in group B but also the consequence of impaired right ventricular function. Impairment of right ventricular function is further augmented during exercise. PMID- 7257502 TI - [Recommendations regarding the standardization for image orientation and nomenclature in two-dimensional echocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - The American Society of echocardiography has agreed upon recommending both nomenclature and image orientation in two dimensional echocardiography. This recommendation and the basic consideration are explained. It seems reasonable to follow this in Germany in order to have better overall understanding by more uniformity. PMID- 7257503 TI - [Strain-gauge-plethysmography in consideration with finger venous occlusion plethysmography. A critical view of its methods and diagnostic possibilities (author's transl)]. AB - The strain-gauge plethysmography, which has already successfully been applied to the calf and forearm the past years, has now, after extensive technical perfection, also been applied to the finger. Particular importance has to be paid to the selection of the measurement gauge and the cuff. Developed was a method to measure correct fit of the finger gauge to promote nearly a 100% correct registration of finger circumference. In order to get a proportionate distribution of the pressure inside the cuff; cuffs with a deep-drawn relief on the inside are used. The different temperatures on the hand, essential for functional diagnostic, are produced by an electronically regulated water-bath. PMID- 7257506 TI - [Results of electrocardiographic examinations and exercise tests in 18 year old male recruits (author's transl)]. AB - Electrocardiographical changes in athletes and their prognostic significance are well documented. In untrained normal young adults however this subject is far less investigated. A similar deficiency exists in interpreting the results of exercise tests in young untrained people. In order to establish some normal values of important parameters of electrocardiogram and exercise testing in this population, we evaluated 298 electrocardiograms and 219 exercise test protocols as obtained by a draft board of the Austrian Army. All probands were 18-years-old males without special training. In contrast to athletes, sinusbradycardia, arrhythmia and extrasystoles are rare events in untrained young males. The QRS axis most frequently was between 60 and 90 degrees. The upper limit of the normal range of the PR-interval was 0.18 sec and of the sum of Sv1 plus Rv5 5.6 mV. The amplitude of the T wave in V5 ranged from 2 to 46 percent of the amplitude of the R wave in this lead. As the most suitable exercise test for such a screening examination the physical working capacity at a heart rate of 170 (PWC 170) was chosen. The mean value of the PWC 170 was 186 +/- 50 watt, i.e. 2.7 +/- 0.7 watt x kg-1 body weight. Furthermore, the normal range of the working heart rate at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 watt x kg-1 body weight and of the rise of systolic blood pressure during exercise were determined. This study suggests that electrocardiographical alterations are very rare in untrained young people (4.4 percent), and their detection should always be followed by an intensive cardiological examination. The assessment of the working capacity by means of the PCW 170-test may be useful in arranging special training programs and may help to avoid physical overload of young people. PMID- 7257505 TI - [Diagnosis of a cardiac metastasis of a fibrosarcoma by two-dimensional echocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - A case of a 32 year-old male with a cardiac metastasis of a fibrosarcoma is reported. The patient suffered from chest pain, the ECG revealed deep negative T waves in the precordial leads. A tumor in the apical region of the left ventricle was found by two dimensional echocardiography, whereas the diagnosis was not possible by the M-mode recording. PMID- 7257504 TI - [Hemodynamic and exercise capacity in a 72 years old patient under a ventricular and bifocal pacemaker (author's transl)]. AB - The results of haemodynamic, echocardiographic and bicycle exercise investigations in a 72-year-old man with a permanent complete atrioventricular block and heart failure following infarction are presented. Comparative measurements were obtained under the conditions of a ventricular and an av sequential pacemaker (PM). The ventricular demand pacemaker (VVI) was implanted three years ago and because of further impairment of cardiac performance an av sequential pacemaker (DDD) was used to restore atrio-ventricular synchronisation. The treatment with bifocal PM improved dramatically cardiac output and exercise capacity. The echocardiographic findings demonstrate the significance of Frank Starling mechanism in this case due to better filling of the ventricles. As noninvasive methods, echocardiography and bicycle-exercise test allow long-term analysis of cardiac function. PMID- 7257507 TI - Gerontology in the Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 7257508 TI - [The biology of aging in Germany]. PMID- 7257509 TI - Research in geriatric medicine in the Federal Republic of Germany. AB - The research in the field of geriatrics in the Federal Republic of Germany is based on the teachings of Max Burger in Leipzig. Under the impulse of Rene Schubert, general geriatrics medicine could be investigated. A series of reasons are responsible for the relatively late development of rehabilitative geriatrics in the Federal Republic. The clinical gerontopharmacology has nevertheless achieved resounding results through the cooperation between pharmacologists and clinicans. Preclinical geriatric medicine developed only with little reference to gerontology, the concept originates from policlinical medicine, as inaugurated by Korth, 1967. The emphasis lies on prevention, with reference to the work of general physicians "outside of the clinical gates" of geriatrics. Within the special geriatrics age related angiocardiology, rheumatology, immunology and longevity are viewed as the most essential part of the research projects. Research activities in clinical geriatrics remained for a long time a domain of clinics and institutes outside the universities. There is a promising tendency yet, to establish the clinical geriatrics in the universities. PMID- 7257510 TI - [Institutions in gerontology]. PMID- 7257511 TI - Gerontopsychiatry--the present situation in the Federal Republic of Germany. AB - Although gerontopsychiatry today is no longer the darkest area of psychiatry as characterized by Kraepelin 50 years ago, clearly defined and commonly accepted nosology and classification are lacking even today. The concept of a multidimensional diagnostic, therapy and rehabilitation is not yet developed beyond the early stages. Main research effort is concentrating at clinical, biochemical, immunological, morphological and genetic aspects of etiology and pathogenesis of organic brain syndromes especially of the senile and presenile dementias and vascular brain processes. Several clinical research groups moreover concentrate at present on the development of psycho- and sociotherapeutic treatment concepts in functional psychoses as well as in establishing a criminal gerontology in connection with forensic psychiatry of higher age. Another area of emphasis in gerontopsychiatric research is concerned with gerontopharmacology and gerontopharmacotherapy. One of the most urgent problems of gerontopsychiatry is still the problem of improper primary and secondary admission of older people in psychiatric hospitals and homes. Up to this day the "principle of permanence" in the care and treatment of older people still rules in almost all institutions. Guidelines for a gerontopsychiatric supply system which were set down in the recommendations of an "Enquete-Commission" concerning the state of psychiatry remain to this day in their essential prerequisites unfulfilled and largely ignored. Measures for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention must be urgently intensified. Rehabilitation may no longer remain an empty formula, it must finally become a teaching formula. PMID- 7257512 TI - Gerontological research aiming at practical work and planning. AB - This is an attempt at an overview of research findings related to practical outcomes as well as of the main problems of the elderly, of the institutions providing services, of the staff working in the field, as far as they are highlighted by research findings. It seems necessary to at least analyse in short conditions under which research takes place and influences that effect research interests and outlooks. We try to systematize by dealing with general information on the elderly and on services and institutions and by picking out some fields of problem oriented research in selected fields of interest, such as social inequality or health services including nursing care. Emerging new research interests are expounded in short. PMID- 7257513 TI - [Advanced basal cell carcinoma]. AB - 306 patients underwent extensive plastic surgery in the last five years for advanced basal cell carcinoma. In 12 patients either due to delay in presentation or due to inadequate treatment squamous cell carcinoma supervened. In all 12 cases reconstruction was very limited or impossible. Prostheses were used to mask those defects which could not be reconstructed. The infiltrative growth of these squamous cell carcinomas towards the brain could not be controlled. Eventually all the patients developed wide-spread systemic metastases. PMID- 7257514 TI - [Rhinoplasty using controlled hypotension]. AB - Hypotension, induced by NNP during simultaneous artificial respiration in intubated patients, has proved its usefulness, especially in plastic surgery of the nose and nasal septum. NNP has shown to be a hypotensive medicament, which is easy to control and in which no secondary effects have been demonstrated. The controlled hypotension with NNP requests an experienced anaesthesist and a careful examination and supervision of the patient. PMID- 7257515 TI - [Microsurgical reconstruction of lymphatic system defects]. AB - In a group of eighteen dogs (1977-79) artificially interrupted lymphatics have been bridged by suitable small vein grafts. Patency was controlled by different methods: by clinical microscopical control, by microlymphangiography and by histological examinations. The patency rate in this group was 61.1 per cent. So for the first time it could be shown experimentally that it is possible to restore interrupted lymphatics by grafting. This might be the basis for a causal therapy of secondary lymphedema by reconstruction of interrupted or occluded lymphatics. In a further group of fifteen dogs different autologous grafts have been compared. Each five lymphatic, venous and arterial grafts have been interposed in lymph collectors of 0.3 to 0.6 mm in diameter by the same surgeon applying the same microsurgical and atraumatic technique. The grafts varied from 8 to 25 mm in length. While all the lymphatic grafts remained patent, one of the five venous and all arterial grafts were occluded. There could not be found any correlation of patency rate to length of the grafts. Light microscopical and electron microscopical examinations of the harvested vessels showed heavy pathological findings of the arterial walls. In the venous grafts the intima was thickened to different extent. This could be explained by the lack of blood supply from the lumen. Very likely the occlusion of all arterial grafts seems to be explained by the disturbance of the vessel wall blood supply. The lymphatic grafts histologically showed nearly no pathological damage. There was complete reendothelialization at the suture line of all patent grafts. From these experimental results it is concluded that arteries are not suitable for interposition in order to restore lymph drainage. It could be shown that veins and lymphatics are equally usable for this purpose. Therefore these two structures have been used clinically in cases of therapy resisting lymphedemas for reconstruction of the destroyed lymph paths. PMID- 7257516 TI - [Late results of reduction mammoplasty using the T or L incision]. AB - Since January 1966, 1,390 reduction mammaplasty have been carried out at our clinic. 685 patients on whom we had operated were sent questionnaires containing the following questions: 1. Date of first appearance of the breast hypertrophy 2. Pre-operative complaints arising from too large breasts 3. Patient's post mammaplasty opinion of the breast shape and size. Answers were received from 532 Patients and the following conclusions may be drawn: To 1.: In the majority of cases, hypertrophy of the breasts occurred during puberty and following the first pregnancy. To 2.: Psychological disturbances caused by a too large breast were predominant. However, this was frequently combined with physical complaints. To 3.: Approx. 90% of our patients are satisfied with the post-operative results. Every second patient experiences some change in sensitivity in the region of the mammilli following the operation. Because the patients' post-operative judgment of the aesthetic result is closely correlated with scar tissue formation, we use the less noticeable L-cut in the case of gland resection under 200--300 g and the T-cut only in the case of extensive mammaplasty reduction operations. PMID- 7257517 TI - [Ambiguity of research and education in practical medicine]. PMID- 7257519 TI - [Combined osteosynthesis. Final consistent therapy in situations with no alternatives]. PMID- 7257518 TI - [Treatment and prevention of blood coagulation disorders in general practice]. PMID- 7257521 TI - [Infectious enteritis (salmonellosis) - a new pestilence?]. PMID- 7257520 TI - [Acute ear diseases in emergency medicine]. PMID- 7257522 TI - [Current aspects of iron deficiency therapy]. PMID- 7257523 TI - [Neuropediatrics and clinical genetics]. PMID- 7257524 TI - [Prenatal examinations. Indications and informative value]. PMID- 7257525 TI - [The general practitioner and genetic counseling]. PMID- 7257527 TI - [Brain tumor family syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257528 TI - [The risks of epilepsy]. PMID- 7257526 TI - [Microcephaly]. PMID- 7257529 TI - [Principles of genetic counseling and the clinical and genetic examination]. PMID- 7257530 TI - [The significance of antacids and their proper dosage]. PMID- 7257532 TI - [Psychological diagnosis in general practice]. PMID- 7257531 TI - [What is "normal"?]. PMID- 7257533 TI - [Psychotherapy by a non-psychiatrist]. PMID- 7257534 TI - [Autogenic training]. PMID- 7257535 TI - [Pathology and therapy of enuresis]. PMID- 7257536 TI - [Alcoholism. The physician-patient relation]. PMID- 7257538 TI - [Authenticity in hypnosis]. PMID- 7257537 TI - [I search for the other being]. PMID- 7257539 TI - [Keratomileusis. A new surgical technic in eye surgery. Information for the general practitioner]. PMID- 7257540 TI - [Thoughts on study and research in general medicine]. PMID- 7257542 TI - [Physiology and pathophysiology of hypotension]. PMID- 7257541 TI - [Essential hypotension and orthostatic regulation disorders. Clinical aspects and therapy]. PMID- 7257543 TI - [Toxic hypotension and its therapy]. PMID- 7257544 TI - [Cardiovascular hypotension forms. Diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7257546 TI - Suspects association of oil heaters, hemoptysis. PMID- 7257545 TI - [Orthostatic dysregulation in children]. PMID- 7257547 TI - Virginia Medical's guide to stop smoking. PMID- 7257548 TI - Cigarette smoking in youth: prevention is the key. PMID- 7257549 TI - Grand rounds: renal hypophosphatemic rickets. PMID- 7257550 TI - Cancer trends: breast reconstruction after mastectomy. PMID- 7257551 TI - Lack of female preponderance in high titers of rheumatoid factor. PMID- 7257552 TI - Mycobacterium chelonei infects the maxillary sinus: a rare case. PMID- 7257553 TI - Occupational diseases of the American farmer. PMID- 7257554 TI - The CME experience of medical society of Virginia members: a statewide survey. PMID- 7257555 TI - In the classroom: a cost accounting. PMID- 7257556 TI - An inside look at the Virginia state board of medicine. PMID- 7257557 TI - Grand rounds: pacemakers in children. PMID- 7257558 TI - Affect of disposable draping on wound infection rate. PMID- 7257559 TI - Can you diagnose this? (tumoral calcinosis secondary to Alport's syndrome). PMID- 7257560 TI - Thrombosis in arteries: mechanisms and prevention. PMID- 7257562 TI - [Evaluation of desired and undesired effects of prolonged drug administration]. PMID- 7257561 TI - Recent progress in gynecologic oncology. PMID- 7257563 TI - [The interdigestive complex]. PMID- 7257564 TI - [Features of the recovery of disrupted motor and speech function in late-middle and advanced age stroke patients]. PMID- 7257565 TI - [Genetic factors in diseases of the nervous system in late-middle and advanced age]. PMID- 7257566 TI - [Gerontologic problems in modern neurosurgery]. PMID- 7257567 TI - [Pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disorders in middle-aged and elderly ischemic heart disease patients]. PMID- 7257568 TI - [Genetic and clinico-physiologic aspects of cerebral atherosclerosis and longevity]. PMID- 7257569 TI - [Vascular pathology of the brain in late-middle and advanced age]. PMID- 7257570 TI - [Geriatric aspects of parkinsonism (clinical picture, pathologic mechanisms, complex therapy)]. PMID- 7257571 TI - [Primary brain tumors in the late middle-aged an elderly]. PMID- 7257572 TI - [Clinical and experimental psychology study of structural personality prerequisites of involutional psychosis patients]. PMID- 7257573 TI - [Role of psychopharmacotherapy in the treatment of late middle-aged and elderly patients with organic psychotic syndromes]. PMID- 7257575 TI - [Current problems in the psychiatry of old age]. PMID- 7257574 TI - [Geriatric aspects of epilepsy]. PMID- 7257576 TI - [Clinical manifestations of spinal osteochondrosis in middle-aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 7257577 TI - [Systems for predicting the development of cerebral strokes]. PMID- 7257578 TI - [Deformities of the major arteries of the head and their role in the development of cerebrovascular disorders in late-middle age]. PMID- 7257579 TI - [Subvirion glycoprotein vaccines for the prevention of influenza in children and late middle-aged and elderly persons (current research developments and prospects for their use)]. PMID- 7257581 TI - [Genetic consequences of exposure to environmental factors]. PMID- 7257580 TI - [Effects of certain chemopreparations on transplantable strains of human tumors, melanoma and Ewing sarcoma, obtained from tissue cultures]. PMID- 7257582 TI - [Effect of environmental factors on the health of the rising generation]. PMID- 7257583 TI - [Effect of alternative energy sources on man and the environment]. PMID- 7257584 TI - [Environment and public health]. PMID- 7257585 TI - [Protection of the environment and health of the population of Siberia and the Far East]. PMID- 7257586 TI - [Role of factors in the industrial environment in preventing early occupational aging]. PMID- 7257587 TI - [Environment and the problem of nutritional health]. PMID- 7257589 TI - [Environment and the problem of maintaining the health of the population in the Baikal-Amur Main Line construction zone]. PMID- 7257588 TI - [Environment and the problem of preventing human exposure to carcinogens]. PMID- 7257590 TI - [Effect of urban noise on public health]. PMID- 7257591 TI - [Hygienic optimization of working conditions and environmental protection]. PMID- 7257592 TI - [Environment and the epidemic process]. PMID- 7257593 TI - [Various changes in purine metabolism in psoriasis]. PMID- 7257594 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the total activity and isoenzyme spectrum of malate dehydrogenase in the skin of healthy persons and patients with tinea pedis]. PMID- 7257595 TI - [Plasma lysosome enzyme activity in psoriasis during photochemotherapy]. PMID- 7257596 TI - [Bactericidal and lysozyme activity of the blood in gonorrhea]. PMID- 7257597 TI - [Acrodermatitis enteropathica (Danbolt-Closs disease)]. PMID- 7257598 TI - [Relationship between erythema multiforme exudativum and the Stevens-Johnson and Lyell syndromes]. PMID- 7257599 TI - [Case of atypical from of pemphigus vulgaris]. PMID- 7257601 TI - [Fulminant course of hemorrhagic vasculitis]. PMID- 7257600 TI - [Results of long-term follow-up of patients with porphyria cutanea tarda]. PMID- 7257602 TI - [Effectiveness of topical application of a new corticoid-like preparation]. PMID- 7257603 TI - [2 cases of dermatomycosis caused by Microsporum gypseum]. PMID- 7257604 TI - [Total activity and the isoenzyme spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase in connective tissue diseases]. PMID- 7257605 TI - Involvement of gatekeepers in school health education. PMID- 7257606 TI - Health education and the teacher's role. AB - Health education is receiving increased attention in English schools. A currently favoured method of incorporating it into the curriculum is to include relevant parts of it in all subjects. Some teachers however are unwilling to include a health education topic in their teaching. This paper looks at the possibility that this unwillingness could be associated with the way in which teachers view their role and what they think is the main aim of Health Education. Questions were put to 672 future teachers in training and 160 of their tutors. The teacher's role most frequently selected by both group was "to help all pupils make the most of their talents". Students intending to teach in primary schools provided a striking exception: 53.6% of them chose "to give pupils basic skills" as their first choice. The most popular first choice for the aims o health education was "to give information". Again primary teachers differed, however, the largest percentage selecting "to influence pupils' attitudes" (38.7%) as their first choice. The future teachers who saw their main role to be giving information in their own subject favoured the teaching of health education as a separate course, whereas those who chose "contributing to a total curriculum" as their essential role mainly opted for the inclusion of health education in all subjects. Not only view on the role of a teacher, but also specialist subject and type of school appeared to be related to views on health education. PMID- 7257607 TI - A patient education system for a rural primary care centre. AB - The paper describes a systems approach for integrating health education into a rural primary health care centre. Mechanisms chosen to accomplish this were: 1. health education protocols: patient-oriented teaching guides which identify the objective to be completed by the patient and specify the content to be taught by the educator as well as the methods and materials to be used for each objective of the patient's educational experience; 2. patient education diagnosis: process designed to make the education responsible to the environmental, economic and psychological factors influencing a person's health behaviour; 3. documentation instruments; simple guides to collect data to be used in evaluating education and health behaviour outcomes. PMID- 7257608 TI - Evaluation of an accident prevention campaign in a major Greek industry. AB - As epidemiologic intervention study was carried out (based on a multiple-choice questionnaire) to determine whether a two-month accident prevention campaign launched by a major Greek cotton company would result in an increase in the relevant knowledge of the production workers. The sign test revealed a statistically significant increase (P less than 0.05) in the knowledge of only those workers who were motivated enough to participate in an initial competition and receive most of the information during the subsequent campaign. Two major factors can be identified as having affected the outcome of this campaign, namely: the careful definition of its content and of the means to be used; and the personal contacts established between the occupational health professionals and the target workers during the two-month period. PMID- 7257609 TI - Youth culture in the UK: independence and round drinking implications for health education. AB - This paper summarizes some recent trends in youth culture research, some applications to the question of drinking in teenage cultures, and some implications for health education. Recent trends in youth culture research have been towards a materialist perspective, acknowledging the importance of social class and sexual divisions. Working class youth are seen as in transition to the labour market, and youth cultures are described as collective strategies on the part of specific groups of youth to manage that transition, responding to the conditions obtaining in their locality and to the class traditions and other resources at their disposal. Findings of recent research into drinking in a youth culture of boy and girls making the transition to the service sector of an inner city economy are described. "Roundbuying" is characteristic of drinking in this "service-sector youth culture". The independence and sex-equality facilitated within the service-sector of the economy is reproduced within the leisure sphere of those entering that economy: the round is a social celebration of production relations. The social form of drinking in other youth cultures and in other localities and countries will vary according to the material conditions and youth cultures responses in those localities and countries, and are open to empirical investigation. Suggestions are made about the need to adopt a materialist approach in health education, recognizing these circumstances. PMID- 7257610 TI - The need for cooperative health education: some survey findings. PMID- 7257612 TI - Health knowledge and community prevention of coronary heart disease. PMID- 7257611 TI - Innovative approaches in nutrition education in the Pacific region. AB - It has often been said that ignorance is the most cause of malnutrition. However, in the Pacific Islands rapid modernization has confronted the people with the realization that their traditional way of life is no longer applicable and socially acceptable: this has led to the adoption of practices that are not fully understood or carried out properly (as is the case in bottle feeding). The nutrition education programme described in the paper attempts to halp individuals and communities become aware of the changes taking place and their consequences, and to provide them with the knowledge they need to seek solutions by themselves. To consolidate nutrition education in the various islands, training is undertaken by the Community Education Training Centre and in the territories through in service courses. The level of training is highly practical and stresses skills and information useful for village people. Emphasis is on methods of motivating the community and techniques in nutrition education; the use of growth charts, cooking demonstrations, vegetable gardens and the proper use of audio-visual aids. One aim is to promote the consumption of coconut milk instead of soft drinks, while a major focus is the encouragement of breast feeding. Recipes are traditional ones modified for higher nutritive value, such as the addition of vegetables, perhaps taro leaves, or banana flower to a typical fish soup. In school, learning units have also been developed to promote appreciation of local food. Apart from the conventional educational techniques and materials, new aids are being utilised, especially games: nutrition bingo, gin rummy, menu planning games, the coconut climber's game, nutrition puzzles, etc. It is the author's experience that, to be effective, nutrition education programmes have to be an integral part of a national strategy aimed at combatting malnutrition. Isolated efforts may be better than none, but results remain marginal, if only because there is such a disparity between the problem and the response to it in the form of nutrition schemes. PMID- 7257614 TI - Congenital jejuno-ileal atresia: observations on its pathogenesis and treatment. PMID- 7257613 TI - [Treatment of hydrocephalus with Cordis-Hakim valve (author's transl)]. AB - The management of hydrocephalus in children is discussed. 19 children are reported for revision surgery, physical and mental development and changes is skull circumference are described. The Cordis-Hakim valves were tested in relation to pressure, flow rate, protein concentration in C.S.F. These tests have shown that the Cordis-Hakim valve is very satisfactory. PMID- 7257615 TI - Course of pregnancy and family history in children with malformations of the urinary tract. AB - Catamnestic investigations were performed in 291 children with malformations of the urinary tract. In renal and vesical malformations both sexes were equally affected, whereas girls were more affected (1.5 :1) than boys with malformations of the renal pelvis and the ureter. Malformations of the urethra included only boys. Parental age was not different from the average parental age at time of delivery in any group. Genetic influences could be assumed in 8.8%. The incidence of malformations of both the urinary and other organ systems in relatives was 8 times higher than in the average population (P less than 0.005). Malformations of the urinary system and unspecified renal diseases were observed in relatives of 22.5% of our children. Nothing conspicuous could be found in the menstrual cycle, abortion rate, haemorrhage during pregnancy and smoking behaviour during pregnancy in the women of the study; 35.1% of them took drugs and 8.2 underwent X ray investigations during pregnancy. PMID- 7257616 TI - Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction in children. AB - Hydronephrosis secondary to pelvi-ureteric obstruction affecting one hundred children and derived from a 13 year period were reviewed. Particular attention was paid to symptomatology in infancy and childhood, pre-operative investigations and postoperative assessment. Following pyeloplasty the late results assessed clinically, radiologically and renographically were entirely satisfactory. The operative technique varied satisfactory. The operative technique varied according to the nature and severity of the abnormality but dismembered pyeloplasty and nephrostomy and splintage was favoured. Twelve patients with aberrant lower pole vessels had simple hitching of vessels alone with good results. Our experience suggests that the recuperative power of the kidney in the infant is unpredictable and surprising. For this reason a plea is made for extreme conservatism. PMID- 7257617 TI - [Interposition of periosteum in joint fractures in adolescents; comparison of operative and conservative treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Interposition of periosteum in joint fractures in adolescents may lead to delayed consolidation of the fracture or even malposition (varus-valgus deformities etc.) by early partial closure of the epiphyseal line. In severe cases, early arthrosis may be sequelar of inappropriate treatment of these patients. 14 cases of joint fractures with interposition of periosteum in adolescents are presented. The results of 5 operated cases are compared with 9 conservatively treated patients. The need for operative treatment is stressed. PMID- 7257618 TI - [Juvenile polyp in the small bowel (author's transl)]. AB - A single case of a solitary juvenile polyp of the small bowel is presented in a 10 month old infant which produced a jejuno-jejunal intussusception. A review of the literature failed to show a similar case. The pathology of the polyp is discussed. PMID- 7257619 TI - Shockwave-induced compound action potentials in the peripheral nerve. AB - To verify a presumed interaction between shockwaves arisen by impacts of high velocity projectiles and nervous tissue an electrophysiological experiment is performed with the following results: In peripheral nerves regular compound action potentials (CAPs) are provoked by shockwaves the amplitudes of which are increased corresponding to the pressure intensity of the shockwaves. The nerve shows no electrical activity below a certain pressure threshold (0.75 bar). Saturation of the CAP amplitude occurs beyond a pressure limit of 8 bar. PMID- 7257620 TI - [The strategy of testing the myocardium in cases of sudden cardiac death (author's transl)]. AB - The efficiency of macroscopic diagnosis and selected strategies of taking myocardial sections for histological examinations is shown with regard to improved diagnostics in cases of sudden cardiac death. PMID- 7257621 TI - [Quantitative morphological examinations of coronary muscle bridges (author's transl)]. AB - The coronary muscle bridge which was found in non-selected autopsy material with a frequency of 24% meets with increasing interest in the discussion on the causes of sudden cardiac death and within the scope of coronary bypass-surgery. Twenty morphometrically examined coronary arteries have been used to demonstrate that the coronary muscle bridge provide local protection from atherosclerosis. Pathomorphological and functional effects of coronary muscle bridges are discussed. PMID- 7257622 TI - [Alcohol intoxication of children (author's transl)]. AB - This study is based on 116 blood alcohol estimations of intoxicated children up to 14 years of age; all these children recovered after several hours of clinical treatment. In 84 cases the data about the anamnesis, the neurological symptoms, and the clinical course could be evaluated in detail. The average age of children was 10 years; most of them (60%) were 11--14 years old. Sex distribution: 4 male: 1 female. The average blood alcohol concentration was 1.4% at the moment of blood sampling; it ranged between 0.5 and 2.9%. No constant correlation was found between the blood alcohol concentration of the children, their age, sex, and the intoxication symptoms. As a result of this study it may be stated that there seems to be no special intolerance for alcohol during infancy. Specific aspects of the alcohol intoxication of children, i.e., the rapid passage through the stadium of excitation may be explained by the very short drinking time and the relatively large amount of alcohol ingestion combined with no experience about the effects of C2H5OH. PMID- 7257623 TI - [The influence of traumatic shock on alcohol elimination (author's transl)]. AB - A group of 31 persons being under the influence of alcohol were examined. In traffic accidents they suffered craniocerebral (N = 16) or other body injuries (N = 15). The first group showed an average alcohol level decrease in blood of 0.24% per h (range 0.06--0.39), the second group an average of 0.22% (range 0.07- 0.32). According to the previous investigations of Forster (1958) and Gruner (1958) it was assumed that the speed of alcohol elimination (beta 60) in the traumatic shock is increased. PMID- 7257624 TI - [Objective suppositions of liability in criminal law (author's transl)]. AB - The conception of causality in criminal law was based, until the middle of our century, on the equivalent theory, which extended to the objective liability as concerns doctrine and jurisdiction, excluding even the guilt as corrective element in some cases. The dispute on the necessity of adequate theory in penal law became useless as the objective conditions of elevated punishing disappeared. By reducing causality to a purely natural scientific conception the doctrine of objective imputation was developed, with the requirements of risk connection, adequacy, and risk elevation. The significance of this development in criminal law is demonstrated by medical examples, especially medical malpractice. PMID- 7257625 TI - [ABO blood group investigations on prisoners (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257626 TI - [Enterohepatic circulation of the antioxidant 6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4 trimethylquinoline (ethoxyquin)]. PMID- 7257627 TI - Effect of peracute lactic acidosis on the physico-chemical changes in parotid saliva of cross-bred calves. PMID- 7257628 TI - [N-metabolism of growing rats consuming increasing amounts of the H-2 oxidizing bacterial strain Alcaligenes eutrophus]. PMID- 7257629 TI - [Copper content of sows' milk under varying supply of copper]. PMID- 7257630 TI - Urea transfer in ruminants. 1. Method for determination of urea transfer in sheep. PMID- 7257631 TI - Urea transfer in ruminants. 2. Net urea transfer in sheep under semi-arid conditions. PMID- 7257632 TI - [Value of computer tomography in the staging of bladder and prostatic cancer]. AB - In carcinomas of the urinary bladder we regard a humpy contour of the outer wall of the bladder as a transmural growth of the tumour, i.e. stage T4. A retraction of the wall or a plateau phenomenon was assigned to an intramural infiltration (stage T2 or T3). Contrary to the caudal lymphography in several cases changes in the nodes of the iliaca interna-group could be proved. The computer tomography seems to prove in such cases, in which the arteriography of the urinary bladder could not fulfil the expectations (9, 10). The results illustrate that by means of the methods chosen by us a delimitation of early invasive form paravesically growing vesical tumours is possible (12, 17, 18). In the classification of the carcinoma of the prostate the computer tomography does not give more essential informations in comparison to the rectal palpation, the vesiculography and the lymphography. The distinction of a normal prostate from the benign or malignant tumour tissue is not successful, since there are no specific differences in density. Particularly the tumour infiltration into the seminal vesicles could not be established early enough (7, 13). In the estimation of regional settlements of lymphatic nodes the statements are above all based on controls of the course, only a few cases could be ascertained histologically. In these cases it is necessary to keep in mind that in the computer tomography only lymphatic nodes from a diameter of 1.5-2 cm are recognizable. Since the computer tomography is a non-invasive method, it can be used for the pre- and postoperative diagnostics as well for controls of the course in tumour diseases of the lower urinary tract (2, 8, 20). However, no evidence can be made on the dignity of the spacial demands. PMID- 7257633 TI - [Results of combined surgical and radiological treatment of bladder cancer with particular reference to local tumor recurrence]. AB - The combined surgico-radiological treatment of the carcinoma of the urinary bladder has clearly improved the results of treatment. The local number of recidivations after this therapy is, however, still very high and in the own number of patients is about 50%. Most recidivations appear briefly (1 to 2 years) after the end of the radiological treatment and are spread above all multilocularly in the bladder. Thus an additional more radical surgical therapy is indicated. In the planning of the primary therapy, therefore, the scarcely reduced treatment under conservation of the bladder should be taken into consideration, since the recidivations decisively determine the further prognosis of the patient. PMID- 7257634 TI - [Homologous umbilical vein and vena saphena transplants as possible means of vascular access in chronic hemodialysis]. AB - For a patient in the chronic programme of haemodialysis an uncomplicated accession to the vessels is the prerequisite for an optimum medical and social rehabilitation. Each form of a subcutaneous arteriovenous fistula is to be preferred to an epicutaneous shunt prosthesis. The percutaneous puncture of large vessels is necessary for the rapid connection to the dialyses in acute situations. In long-term treatments often all autologous accessions to the vessels are used up. Homologous substitution material for vessels is increasingly used also in patients ongoing dialysis. Apart from the methods for gaining homologous material is reported on first experiences in the application of homologous grafts of the umbilical vein and of a homologous vena saphena graft in patients undergoing dialysis. PMID- 7257635 TI - [Determination of ionized calcium in the blood with a Ca -sensitive electrode]. PMID- 7257636 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis with pronounced kidney involvement]. AB - It is reported on the course of histologically ascertained Wegeners' granulomatosis in 4 patients. After initial affection of the upper respiratory tract in form of necrotizing and granulomatous inflammations in all cases a generalisation of the disease with above all early and severe participation of the kidneys developed. Maximum acceleration of sedimentation, C-reactive protein, anaemia, leucocytosis, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis, enlargement of the number of alpha 2-globulins, increase of creatinine, proteinuria, erythrocyturia and leucocyturia are the most frequent pathological laboratory findings, whereas LE cells, ANF, rheumatoid factor and decrease of the complement never could be proved. By reason of a pathogenic immunoreaction a combined glucocorticoid therapy and immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide may favourably influence the course of the disease which is otherwise prognostically infaust. PMID- 7257637 TI - [Atypical location of a malignant mesonephrogenic tumor. A case contribution to the nosology of female bladder neck obstruction]. AB - Description of a case of mesonephrogenic adenocarcinoma with atypical dominance of urological manifestation of the vesical neck. Reference to the difficult problems of making the histological with the help of delimited excisions of tissue in such rare, extraordinarily differentiated tumours. PMID- 7257638 TI - [Surgical treatment of occlusive intracranial cerebrovascular disorders (author's transl)]. AB - Management of intracranial cerebral circulatory disorders represents a relatively new interesting and delicate field in neuro--and vascular surgery. Today, we know the reconstructive and constructive microsurgical approach to brain vessels in man. Most surgeons practise the constructive procedure. The authors criteria for selection of patients are presented. The aim of surgical therapy is to increase the blood flow because retrograde blood supply by the collateral system is anatomically or functionally insufficient. PMID- 7257639 TI - [Prophylaxis of pulmonary embolism by inferior vena cava filter (author's transl)]. AB - 30 patients underwent implantation of the Mobin-Uppin filter for recurrent life threatening pulmonary embolism. 20 patients could be followed by phlebography. In 11 cases obstruction of the inferior vena cava was observed. Due to the collaterals having developed in the intermediate time there were no significant clinical symptoms below the obstruction. PMID- 7257640 TI - [Hiatal hernia; 359 cases. Late results]. AB - From 1948 to 1977 359 patients suffering from oesophageal reflux disorders or the hiatus-hernia-complex underwent surgery at the I. Surgical clinic of the Medical Faculty Palacky-Univ. in Olomouc. In the group of 50 patients with simple paraaesophageal hernias the operative mortality came up to 4.0%. The mortality rate among patients with complicated oesophageal reflux disorders came up to 21.7%. The patients were followed up for 7.3 years on the average. In simple cases excellent and good results were achieved in 77.1%, poor results in 8.6%. The best results were obtained with the fundoplication according to Nissen Rosetti. In the group with complicated oesophageal reflux disorders the results were excellent and good in 60% and poor in 3.3%. If possible, dilatation in combination with antireflux operation was preferred to resection of stenoses. Reoperation for recurrences of the disease were performed in 27 patients. PMID- 7257641 TI - [Extra-anatomic shunt procedure to maintain circulation to ischemic extremities]. PMID- 7257642 TI - [Pericardial tamponade - a possible complication of indwelling central venous catheters]. PMID- 7257644 TI - [Spinal column injuries in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - 22 children suffering from fractures and dislocations of the spinal column were seen at the Surgical Dept. of the Medical Academy of Erfurt from 1960 to 1976. This came up to 4.3% of all patients with injuries of the spine. The treatment was conservative. Vertebral fractures, without concomitant paralysis of the medulla had a favourable prognosis. In two third of the patients followed up a spontaneous compensation of deformed growth could be observed. PMID- 7257645 TI - [The contribution of defecography in megacolon diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - The method of defecography first described by Burhenne proved to be best suited in systematic examination to detect the different types of impaired evacuation in the area of the sphincters. Pre-and postoperative results of 116 examinations in 86 children are presented. PMID- 7257646 TI - [Percutaneous osteosynthesis of supracondylar humerus fractures with Kirschner wires in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Percutaneous fixation with Kirschner wires is recommended for supracondylar fractures of the humerus with displacement in children. The advantages of this easy technique are demonstrated. PMID- 7257647 TI - [Proximal humerus fracture with dislocation in childhood, Transacromial percutaneous osteosynthesis using Kirschner wires]. PMID- 7257648 TI - [Colectomy and ileorectostomy in the treatment of megacolon in adolescents]. PMID- 7257643 TI - [Surgery of open myelomeningoceles (author's transl)]. AB - The so-called "selection for surgery" of myelomeningoceles is compared with objective data, which are derived from experience in neonatal surgery, surgery of malformations and general surgery. In children who are not primarily operable the full range of therapeutical possibilities is used; they do no receive basis care only. This approach brings about better results than forced surgical closure of the cele. PMID- 7257649 TI - [Surgical history. 100 years ago (30)]. PMID- 7257650 TI - [Problems of hygiene with life-saving equipment (author's transl)]. AB - The problem of hygiene in the life-saving service has so far been a rarely discussed question. An ambulance used as a life-saving vehicle cannot be expected to measure up to the hygienic standards of an aseptic operating theatre. Keeping the level of pathogenic germs in ambulances low, is fundamental to the medical emergency service at large. The staff, including the physician, on emergency duty are most likely to come into contact with hospital germs. At any rate, care must be exercised so that pathogens are prevented from being transmitted from one patient to another. As far as cleaning is concerned, Figs. 3, 4 and 5 exemplifiy the problem of the so-called wet germs figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 show the impression preparations from the hands of the physician on emergency duty, from the bed covering, from the medical apparatus and from the floor. The results yielded by 208 impression preparations from the staff and ambulance are supplemented by determining the air-borne germs and by 40 swabs taken from grooves, edges and dust accumulated in the ambulance. Further, the water containers were examined for clean and dirty water, as well as the damp areas as breeding places for "wet and puddle germs". This has already resulted in establishing several factors which justify the adoption of selective hygienic measures, but all those concerned are clear that the measures envisaged must also be practicable. Too little is ineffective, but too much detracts from the credibility of sanitary argumentation. In the near future, however, in order to be able to establish a generally valid set of measures, similar examinations must be carried out on a broad basis and under differing conditions in respect of physicians, medical staff, site and ambulance. Until this has been done, the examination results presented can only be regarded as provisional or as offering guidance data which need further supplementation. PMID- 7257651 TI - [Resistance status of germs in general practice (author's transl)]. AB - It was the aim of this study to investigate the resistance status of germs isolated in environmental examinations and to compare them with results from hospitals. - In general practices a higher level of sensitive germs - mostly Staph. aureus - could be found. Besides multi-resistant gramnegative germs were also determined. A spreading of these resistant germs from hospital into general practices is possible and should receive more attention in general practice hygiene. PMID- 7257652 TI - [Low-level challenge test for the examination of the microbiological susceptibility, during the period of use, of liquid and semi-solid dosage forms in multiple-dose containers (author's transl)]. AB - In the case of preserved liquid and semi-solid pharmaceutical preparations in multiple-dose containers, the adequacy of protection against microbial contamination is examined by means of a strict microbiological preservation test (Table 1). On account of a reduction in the amount of preservative added, either for medical (allergies) or technological (solubility etc.) reasons, or on account of a decrease in the antimicrobial efficacy during storage due to degradation or adsorption of the preservative or incompatibility with other excipients, the requirements of the preservation test may in some cases no longer be fulfilled during use. In such cases, a so-called low level multi challenge test is used to examine whether, after first opening the package, microbial growth can be prevented, in spite of renewed slight contamination during the period of use. To this purpose, samples are contaminated with very small quantities of various test organisms and stored at room temperature during the entire testing period (twice the theoretical period of use). The count of organisms is determined after certain intervals of time and the samples contaminated anew (Table 2). If at some time during the entire testing period, the number of organisms determined before a fresh inoculation exceeds the sum of the microbial counts from all inoculations carried out beforehand, one can no longer preclude the possibility of microbial, proliferation during the normal period of use and thereby detriment to the dosage form or danger to the patient. In such cases, the maximal permissible period of use should be limited or the size of the package reduced accordingly. If very poor results are obtained for the test, a change in composition of the dosage from must be envisaged in certain cases. PMID- 7257653 TI - [The formation of iodate as a reason for the decrease of efficiency of iodine containing disinfectants (author's transl)]. AB - Methods are given to calculate the iodate equilibrium concentrations in aqueous solutions of iodine, containing additional iodide as well as the reaction times concerning the transformation of iodine to iodate. Using the results, which have been obtained evaluating in this manner solutions of triiodide (CI2 = CI- = 10( 6)--10(-1) M/l) as well as 0.03 M iodine solutions containing varying amounts of iodide (0--0.12 M/l) the following conclusions concerning the stability of iodine containing disinfecting agents can be made; 1. Below pH 6 a decrease of the disinfecting effectiveness owing to the formation of iodate can be excluded. 2. Above pH 7 the formation of iodate, whose extent depends extremely on the pH value as well as the iodide concentration, has to be regarded very carefully. Raising the pH-value lowers the stability (iodate formation increases) while raising the iodide concentration improves the stability (iodate formation is reduced). 3. Because of the stabilizing effect of the iodide ion, provided that its concentration is high enough, the opposite effect of the pH-value can be overcompensated and as a result of this iodine containing agents can exhibit a stability sufficient for practice also in the weak alkaline range (pH less than 9). PMID- 7257656 TI - [The thermic stability of Legionella pneumophila (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257654 TI - [About the antimicrobial activity of substituted aromatic aldehydes (author's transl)]. AB - The MIC-values and the antimicrobial activity in the paper disc diffusion method of 86 resp. 79 substituted aromatic aldehydes have been investigated. Antibacterial activity has been tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. 13 classes of substituents have been investigated. The most active compounds are substituted with nitro-, hydroxy- and halogen groups. PMID- 7257655 TI - [The treatment of thermolabile instruments with water after cold sterilization with Gigasept (author's transl)]. AB - After careful disinfection of polished surfaces of V4A steel, rubber or PVC with a 10% Gigasept solution it is already sufficient to dip the plates into water for 5 min one time only in order to practically clear off all residues. In order to receive also those parts free from residues which are unfavourably shaped regarding their geometry they should be rinsed twice. This second time should last 1 h or if a shorter dipping time is desired the instrument should be moved. PMID- 7257657 TI - [On the ecology of Plesiomonas shigelloides (author's transl)]. AB - Studies on the generation time of P. shigelloides and its relation to incubation temperature have shown that this species in marked contrast to A. hydrophila does not multiply in temperature below 8 degrees C. These findings would explain the seasonal variations in the number of isolates from river-water observed in Japan. Colony counts of P. shigelloides organisms on IBG-agar from water of the river Main sampled during the month of August (water temperature 20 degrees C) have shown numbers of 10--100 c.f.u./ml. Thus P. shigelloides is present in surface water in Middle Europe. The presence of the germs could equally be demonstrated in the guts of many specimen of non-preying fish that had been caught during the months of July and August. When determining the bacterial species isolated from such material the possible presence of inositol-positive A. hydrophila strains has to be taken into account. Results of former studies on the suitability of Leifson-agar, Wilson-Blair- agar, SS-agar and IBG-agar then with pure cultures were confirmed by our work with faecal material from fish done this time. While favourable results were obtained on IBG- and SS-agar P. shigelloides could in no case be cultured on Leifson- and Wilson-Blair-agar. PMID- 7257658 TI - [Papillomas of the lower female genital organs - incidence, colposcopic and histological findings - oncogynaecological relevance (author's transl)]. AB - Reference is made to findings recorded by the authors from 39 cases of vulvar, vaginal, and cervical papillomas. An account is given of the clinical, colposcopic, and histomorphological criteria which to differentiate genuine papilloma from acuminate condyloma. The great oncogynaecological importance of cervical and vaginal papillomas is underlined. Epithelial dysplasia up to transition to intra-epithelial and infiltrative papillary carcinoma was histologically recorded from more than 50 per cent of all cases. PMID- 7257659 TI - [Studies into late morbidity following interruption of pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Follow-up checks were applied to 327 patients who had had pregnancies terminated, between 1973 and 1975. The rate of genuine late complications was low. Reference is made to the entire complex of aspects relating to interruption of pregnancy. PMID- 7257660 TI - [Follow-up checks of children born from induced pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - The following results were obtained by the authors from follow-up checks of 102 children, aged between 2.5 and eight years, who had been delivered from induced pregnancies. - Developmental abnormalities were recorded from seven cases, in the context of paediatric examinations. Minimal neurological deviations were exhibited by 14 children. Moderate retardation was established in psychological tests from something between 25 and 30 per cent of all cases. Positive responses to electroencephalography, however, without any clinical symptoms were observed in 20 per cent of the probands. Neurological symptoms and moderate retardation were recordable primarily from children who had originated from pathological pregnancies. The above findings are likely to support the recommendation to continue treatment of functional sterility by means of induced ovulation. Yet, treatment of that kind should be restricted to women unlikely to be afflicted with pathological pregnancy, which however, cannot be safely forecast in all cases. PMID- 7257661 TI - [Delivery following caesarean section (author's transl)]. AB - Studies were conducted into variants of delivery and perinatal mortality following caesarean section, between 1957 and 1979, at Landesfrauenklinik of The Medical Academy of Magdeburg. The number of deliveries following caesarean section went up from 0.35 per cent, between 1957 and 1961, to 1.20 per cent, between 1967 and 1979. The rate of repeated caesarean sections decreased from 97.3 to 29.3 per cent. Unambiguous decline in perinatal mortality was reflected in a drop from 6.5 per cent, between 1957 and 1961, to 1.4 per cent, between 1967 and 1979. PMID- 7257662 TI - [Full-term cervical gravidity - case report and literature review (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper is an extremely rare case of genuine cervical pregnancy which was carried to full term. Delivery was performed by caesarean section, with the uterus preserved. The aetiopathology of cervical pregnancy is discussed, and an account is given of cases so far reported in available literature. PMID- 7257663 TI - [Plantar-arm reflex in children and an analysis of its evolutionary aspects]. PMID- 7257664 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the growth of white rats at different ages]. AB - Studies have been made of the effect of hydrocortisone on the rate of the increase in the body mass and on the rate of linear growth of rats in different age periods. Retardation of physical development of animals is most significant in all the three weanling periods and in a pre-pubertal one. After abolition of hydrocortisone in all the three weanling periods and in a pre-pubertal one. After abolition of hydrocortisone injections, compensatory growth was noted in rats, which was most significant in animals pretreated by the hormone at earlier postnatal periods. Retardation in the body mass disappears to the period of sexual maturation, whereas retardation in the linear growth persists for a longer time. PMID- 7257666 TI - [Interaction of autorhythmic and reflex mechanisms in responses of the immature rabbit cortex to rhythmic afferent stimuli]. PMID- 7257665 TI - [AMP-aminohydrolase activity and its regulation in subcellular fractions of white rat brains during aging]. AB - Studies have been made on deamination of AMP in homogenates, crude and purified mitochondrial, as well as in synaptosomal fractions of the brain in rats. It was shown that in senile animals deamination of AMP in the absence of activator in homogenates and purified mitochondrial fraction is decreased, remaining unchanged in crude mitochondrial and synaptosomal fractions. When stimulated by ATP, the intensity of deamination in senile rats is lower than in all the fractions investigated excluding synaptosomal one. It is concluded that deamination of adenine nucleotides does not play any role in accumulation of preformed ammonia in senile animals. PMID- 7257667 TI - [Function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad system of Macaca mulatta macaques during prolonged hypokinesia]. PMID- 7257668 TI - [Peculiarities of the adrenal cortex in response to repeated stress in Papio hamadryas hamadryls during different phases of the sexual cycle]. PMID- 7257670 TI - [Significance of the ancient tectal and the new thalamic pathways of the rat visual system]. PMID- 7257669 TI - [Kinetics of abiogenic peptide bond synthesis with aminoacyladenylate participation as condensing agents]. AB - Kinetics of the process has been investigated employing differential spectroscopy technique. Possibility of synthesis of peptide bonds in aqueous solutions using aminoacyladenylates as condensing agents was shown. Analysis of the data obtained shows that the synthesis of peptide bond under the conditions investigated with the excess amounts of the second substrate follow the first order equation for irreversible reactions, the rate of the reaction decreasing with the increase in substrate concentrations. Velocity constants are determined for the first order reaction at different substrate concentrations. The data obtained are discussed in relation to the problem of abiogenic synthesis of biologically important macromolecules. PMID- 7257671 TI - [Differential diagnosis of essential tremor]. PMID- 7257672 TI - [Cerebral electrical activity of patients with hereditary (essential) tremor]. PMID- 7257673 TI - [Motor function compensation in children with a hyperkinetic syndrome complicating organic brain lesions]. PMID- 7257674 TI - [Plasma non-ceruloplasmin copper in hepatocerebral dystrophy (criterion for the diagnosis and evaluation of cuprogogue therapy)]. AB - Results of determining the plasma levels of non-coeruloplasmin copper in 29 patients with hepatocerebral dystrophy (before and during cuprogogue therapy) and in 15 practically healthy individuals are presented. A statistically significant rise of this level (as compared with that in the control group) was revealed in the patients with Wilson-Konovaloff's disease. The clinical improvement of the patients with hepatocerebral dystrophy was accompanied by normalization of the plasma level of non-coeruloplasmin copper. This gives one grounds to conclude that this parameter can be used as a criterion for evaluating the efficacy of the treatment given. PMID- 7257675 TI - [New variant of a rare neurocutaneous syndrome]. AB - Rare unusual syndromes of hereditary pathology are the most frequent in inbred families. The authors present a clinico-genealogical description of an inbred family in which the neurocutaneous syndrome was observed in four sibs. The syndrome consisted in combination of ichthyosis with spastic paraparesis which manifested itself in the presence of normal body height and a good intellectual level. In two nephews of the diseases a spastic paraparesis was suspected. The syndrome described cannot be placed into the limits of known disease entities and should be regarded as a new variant of the neurocutaneous syndrome. The family is subject to further observation. PMID- 7257677 TI - [Mechanism of development of abnormal hand postures in children with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 7257676 TI - [Several mechanisms of visual gnosis disorders in local brain lesions]. AB - The object of the studies were peculiarities of recognizing visual images by patients with local cerebral lesions under conditions of incomplete sets of the image features, disjunction of the latter, distortion of their spatial arrangement, and unusual spatial orientation of the image as a whole. It was found that elimination of even one essential feature sharply hampered the recognition of the image both by healthy individuals (control), and patients with extraoccipital lesions, whereas elimination of several nonessential features only slowed down the process. In distinction from this the difficulties of the recognition of incomplete images by patients with occipital lesions were directly proportional to the number of the eliminated features irrespective of the latters' significance, i.e. these patients were unable to evaluate the hierarchy of the features. The recognition process in these patients were followed the way of scanning individual features. The reaccumulation and summation. The recognition of the fragmental, spatially distorted and unusually oriented images was found to be affected selectively in patients with parietal lobe affections. The patients with occipital lesions recognized such images practically as good as the ordinary ones. PMID- 7257678 TI - [Bioelectrical activity of the brain during long-term observation of patients with early cerebral atherosclerosis]. AB - Results of the first four-year stage of long-time (planned for 15 years) examinations of the brain bioelectrical activity in 97 patients (aged 40 to 59 years) with initial signs of cerebral atherosclerosis are presented. A relative stability of the oscillatory process regularities was ascertained at annual examinations and courses of etiopathogenetic therapy. The frequency parameters of the alpha-activity were found to undergo certain age charges that took place in the presence of the relative increase of the share of low-frequency and dominantless curves. PMID- 7257680 TI - [Psychological diagnosis of mental immaturity in older preschool children]. PMID- 7257679 TI - [Craniovertebral deformities of an inflammatory nature, their clinical and vocational significance]. AB - Clinical and roentgenological examinations of patients in whom an inflammatory process has spread to the craniovertebral region, as well as the outcome of local acute affections of the latter have shown that in all such cases there develop similar deformities and imbalance in that region. These pathologies are frequently accompanied with neurological disorders aggravating the disability and laying obstacles to professional rehabilitation. PMID- 7257681 TI - [Attempt to identify specific differential diagnostic signs in oligophrenia and early residual organic brain lesions with intellectual disorders at identical stages of ontogeny]. AB - Using a clinico-catamnestic method two groups of patients with intellect impairments were examined. Of these patients, 46 were oligophreniacs and 46 had residual organic damages of the brain. As a result, data related to the clinical structure of the above nosological forms at various ontogenetic stages were specified, principal trends in their age dynamics were followed, and statistically significant internosological differences with specification of differential diagnostic features were determined. PMID- 7257682 TI - [Psychoses in oligophrenics]. AB - Data of clinico-psychopathological examinations of 60 oligophrenics in the state of decompensation are presented. The decompensation took a course of psychotic states of various duration. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of the formation. Data and outcomes of those states, as well as to the role of various factors in their genesis. Data concerning diagnostic differentiation of those states from other diseases, particularly, schizophrenia, involutional and vascular psychoses are presented. The clinical picture of the psychoses, when compared with the results of paraclinical examinations of the patients, allows one to separate these forms out of the total group of psychotic states having a residuo-organic basis, and to regard them as a decompensation of the basic ailment, i.e., residual signs of an early cerebral affection which acquires a number of specific features (in the formation of the psychopathological symptoms) associated with the oligophrenic structure of the intellectual defect. Importance of combined therapy in the system of the curative measures is stressed. PMID- 7257684 TI - [Socio-vocational rehabilitation of oligophrenic patients with mild retardation (clinical and organization aspects)]. AB - On the basis of complex examination of 396 oligophrenics in the debility degree and an analysis of their clinicopsychological and social peculiarities new statistically significant data on the qualitative and quantitative structural components of the oligophrenic defect have been obtained. These data enable one to determine the adaptive and compensatory possibilities in the organizing their working adaptation with the purpose of individualized planning and implementation of the rehabilitation measures. PMID- 7257683 TI - [Families with 2 oligophrenic siblings]. AB - Under observation there were 27 families with two mentally deranged sibs in each born by intellectually normal parents. In 2 of 24 families, the clinical picture of the derangement in the sibs was different, and in the rest of 22 identical. In 3 families, a sex-linked recessive oligophrenia with a nonspecific clinical picture was diagnosed. Prevalent were clinically non-differentiated forms of the oligophrenia. In 2 families, the oligophrenia was combined with clinical signs of hereditary defects of metabolism. Parents' consanguinity was registered in 4 families. PMID- 7257685 TI - [Image therapy as a method of rehabilitation in neuroses and mental disorders]. AB - A new method of psychotherapy, imagotherapy, is offered. This method consists in restoring the capacity of many neurotic and psychotic patients to enter into an image adequate tao a given situation. Training of this capacity is of a substantial importance for rehabilitation treatment. The treatment forms are: story telling by the patient in a group, a fixed dialogue, an improvised dialogue, a combination of story telling with a dialogue, dramatization of a story. The conclusive stage of the imagotherapeutic process is conducted in a therapeutic theatrical studio. The therapeutic mechanism of the imagotherapy is based on activation of the second signal system, the regulating influence of which on the higher psychic activity is disclosed chiefly by Soviet neurologists and psychologists. PMID- 7257686 TI - [Systems analysis as a necessary preliminary to improving psychiatric services]. AB - The systems analysis approach to the work of a regional psychiatric service is described. Standard rehabilitation programs for principal groups of patients have been developed. These programs allow one to choose an optimal structure of the rehabilitation complex based on real requirements of the population. The complex includes a dispensary division, a hospital, a home treatment service, daytime and night wards, and workshops for occupational therapy. The disjunction of purposes and functions has provided complete succession in the work of all those services. The purposes and functions of each service are presented. PMID- 7257687 TI - [Definition of the concept of "neurosis"]. PMID- 7257688 TI - [On the article by Rubinshtein, "Role of the psychologist in psychotherapy"]. PMID- 7257690 TI - [Use of EEA stapler in colorectal surgery (author's transl)]. AB - From March 1979 to January 1980, the EEA stapler was used in the construction of 46 anastomoses after left colonic and anterior rectal resections. The mortality was 0 and the morbidity minimal. The safety of the sutures was excellent. The operative procedure was greatly facilitated, mainly in the cases of low rectal anastomoses. The functional results were good. In the surgical treatment of the rectal carcinomas, the use of the EEA allowed larger margins of resection, and increased the rate of conservative operations [Acta chir. belg., 1981, 80, 11 15]. PMID- 7257689 TI - [Bilateral adrenalectomy for advanced breastcarcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Two hundred and seventy-one consecutive charts of all patients who underwent a bilateral adrenalectomy from 1955 till 1974 were studied. Of those 267 could be retained for this study. The operation was performed through a bilateral subdiaphragmatic or transabdominal approach. The postoperative corticosteroid substitution therapy did not pose grave problems. A remission was obtained in 36.2% of all cases (average 18 months, median 10 months with 4% 5 years later. The mortality was 20.7% and is the exponent of an aggressive approach with few criteria for exclusion from surgery. Massive liver and neurons system metastases were contra-indications for surgery. When a remission the survival attained 24.7 months with a median of 20 months and 8% at 5 years. A few survived much longer. Presently, the bilateral adrenalectomy, a major procedure, should be reserved for those women with a hormone dependent tumor. Criteria are the study of the hormone receptors or the observation of a prior remission after a premenopausal oophorectomy. A multi-disciplinary approach including several types of chemotherapy can be applied to those patients for whom surgery is contraindicated. (Acta chir. belg., 1981, 80, 1-9). PMID- 7257691 TI - [The EEA stapler in low rectal anastomoses: preliminary results (author's transl)]. AB - In the past two years, we have been using the EEA stapler for anastomoses of the extra-peritoneal rectum. With this technique, we have been able to preserve the anal sphincter in all cases of tumor at or above 6 cm from the anal verge. The results of 24 consecutive cases demonstrate the safety of the mechanical anastomoses of the mid-rectum with no death, nor anastomotic dehiscence in 15 cases. Complications occurred in the lowest locations which would have been otherwise treated by an abdomino-perineal excision or pull through procedure: 1 death from peritonitis and stress ulcer 3 temporary leaks and 3 stenoses, easily treated by digital dilatation. The potential danger of anastomotic leaks justifies in the very low anastomoses a temporary colostomy : healing then occurs after a few weeks. The final result is an intact anatomy and sphincteric function. PMID- 7257692 TI - [Arterio-biliary crossing on the common bile duct (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of crossing between the hepatic artery and the common bile duct, causing different grades of biliary obstruction, are reported. The diagnosis of this anatomical variation, usually asymptomatic, is possible by operative cholangiography, during cholecystectomy. PMID- 7257693 TI - Traumatic tracheo-bronchial ruptures. AB - A series of 18 ruptures of trachea or bronchi is reported. Gaseous semiology is predominant (pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema 72%, pneumothorax 67%). Haemoptysis is present in 28%. Assessment of the diagnosis and localization of the rupture was obtained through rigid bronchoscopy, early in the series, and then via fiberoptic endoscopy. Ignored cases in the early phase manifested themselves lately by atelectatic phenomena. Tracheal ruptures (5) were treated by direct repair (1/5) or tracheostomy (3/5) ; 1 died before surgery. Bronchial ruptures (13) were submitted to bronchoplastic procedures (7/13) or pulmonary resection (4/13). In 2 cases, no surgery was necessary or possible. Mortality (7/18) is linked with the importance of associated lesions, especially neurological ones. PMID- 7257694 TI - Cross-face nerve grafting in facial paralysis. AB - Facial paralysis causes a most disturbing deformity with functional, emotional and social consequences for the people afflicted. Since a few years most promising advances in the treatment of facial palsy have been developed and new ways of surgical management have been introduced. Cross-face nerve grafting connects the non-paralysed facial nerve branches to the paralyzed ones and by these means realizes a reanimation of the paralyzed side of the face. Fourteen cases have been operated according to this technique. The results of 10 cases with a sufficient follow-up are analysed. Good and satisfactory results were obtained in 8 cases. Two cases were considered bad with poor recovery of facial muscle activity. The overall results of cross-face nerve grafting are very gratifying. The technique should always be attempted in first instance. Other substitutional methods for further improvement should be reserved for later. PMID- 7257696 TI - Conservative surgery in the treatment of early breast cancer. PMID- 7257695 TI - [Surgical treatment of breast cancers]. PMID- 7257697 TI - Dopaminergic and adrenergic effects on plasma LH levels in rats with hypothalamic islands. AB - In female rats hypothalamic islands were prepared by making a cut around the mediobasal hypothalamus. Three weeks later the rats were ovariectomized. Two weeks after ovariectomy, part of the animals showed elevated blood LH levels with oscillations, although the mean LH levels were significantly lower than in sham operated ovariectomized animals. There was a significant correlation between the occurrence of elevated blood LH levels after ovariectomy and the inclusion of at least part of the suprachiasmatic nucleus within the islands. Nor-adrenaline content of the hypothalamus was decreased significantly, but there was no significant change in hypothalamic dopamine content. Injection of doses of apomorphine, ranging form 2.5 microgram/kg to 25 mg/kg sc into island-bearing and sham-operated animals caused a dose-dependent decrease of plasma LH. However, the magnitude of the decrease was smaller in rats with hypothalamic islands than in controls. Even the highest doses of apomorphine did not decrease plasma LH further than to about 100 ng of LH-RP-1/ml. Phenoxybenzamine (10 and 40 mg/kg ip) and phentolamine (20 mg/kg ip) caused a decrease of plasma LH in ovariectomized control rats, but in ovariectomized rats with hypothalamic islands these drugs caused an increase. Clonidine (100 microgram/kg sc followed by 100 microgram/kg ip) had no effect in ovariectomized control rats, but in ovariectomized rats with a hypothalamic island an increase was induced. These results may have been caused by an increased sensitivity of hypothalamic alpha-receptors resulting from severing afferent noradrenergic fibres. PMID- 7257698 TI - Patterns of spontaneous LH release in normo- and hyperprolactinaemic women. AB - Hyperprolactinaemia may be associated with functional amenorrhoea. In order to evaluate the possible role of abnormal spontaneous LH secretion in hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoeic women, plasma LH was measured at 15 min intervals for 300 min in 12 normal women during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and compared to that observed in 11 hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoeic subjects. Mean plasma prolactin was 9.1 +/- 3.6 ng/ml (X +/- SEM) in the euprolactinaemic and 168 +/- 32 ng/ml in the hyperprolactinaemic group. Sex steroids including oestrone, oestradiol, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were similar in the 2 groups. Mean plasma LH levels over the 300 min sampling period were 9.4 +/- 1.6 mIU/ml in the normal subjects and 7.5 +/- 1.0 mIU/ml in the hyperprolactinaemic patients (P greater than 0.10). Every normal woman exhibited at least one LH spike in excess of 10 mIU/ml. Five hyperprolactinaemic patients failed to exhibit any LH spikes above 10 mIU/ml (P less than 0.02 compared to controls). Thus, hyperprolactinaemia was associated with an absence of LH spike activity in 45% of patients studied and this abnormality may play an aetiologic role in the hypogonadism observed in these subjects; in those hyperprolactinaemic subjects with pulsatile LH secretion, however, other explanations for their amenorrhoea should be considered. PMID- 7257699 TI - Prolactin content in rat pituitary gland. RIA of prolactin after different extraction procedures. AB - The prolactin content of rat pituitary varies considerably when determined by RIA, due to incomplete solubilization of prolactin secretory granules with standard procedures for tissue homogenization and centrifugation. Freezing and thawing, Triton X-100 and ultrasonic treatments increased the yield of prolactin significantly but electron microscopy of pellets revealed numerous unmodified secretory granules. Addition of 2.5 M urea produced complete extraction of tissue prolactin confirmed by RIA of supernatants and electron microscopy of pellets. PMID- 7257700 TI - Changes in serum somatomedin A and its binding to kidney membranes in growing rats. AB - Changes in serum somatomedin A levels and [125I]somatomedin A binding to membrane fractions from kidney were studied in rats 1-80 days of age. The mean level of serum somatomedin A was 0.80 U/ml at birth and increased with age; at 80 days the mean level was 7.41 +/- 0.67 U/ml. There was a close correlation between serum levels of somatomedin A and body weight. Labelled somatomedin A binding to membrane fractions from kidney was highest at birth and decreased with age up to 50 days. In Scatchard analysis of the data the affinity constant did not show a clear change with age, but the binding capacity decreased with age up to 30 days. An inverse correlation was observed between serum somatomedin A levels and labelled somatomedin A binding to membrane fractions from kidney. Compared to changes in circulating somatomedin A, the change in tissue binding was modest. The observation suggests that other circulating growth factors not measured by this radioreceptor assay or altered post-receptor sensitivity to somatomedins may be involved in growth. PMID- 7257701 TI - The effects of water deprivation and water loading during treatment with 1 deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin in central diabetes insipidus in childhood. AB - Nine children aged 7 2/12 to 17 9/12 years with central diabetes insipidus were subjected to water deprivation and water loading during treatment with 1-deamino 8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDVAP). Urine output remained unchanged despite the large differences in water intake. Serum osmolarity was not significantly affected by water deprivation. However, there was a marked decrease in serum osmolarity during water loading. This not accompanied by any symptoms of haemodilution. Thus patients apparently tolerate large variations in fluid intake during therapy with DDVAP. PMID- 7257702 TI - Effect of dietary calcium on secretion of calcitonin and gastrin in rats with medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - Rats transplanted with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) were divided into 3 groups which received for 34 weeks diets with low (0.09%), medium (0.40%) or high (1.80%) calcium content with a calcium/phosphate ratio 2:1. After 6 weeks the different calcium regimens produced corresponding variations in serum calcium and inverse changes in serum magnesium. No alterations in serum proteins were observed. Serum immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) was unaltered until week 28 of the experiment, but thereafter increased rapidly by about 4-fold. No difference in serum iCT was observed between the 3 groups at any time. Immunoreactive serum gastrin was reduced in rats on medium and low calcium diet compared to those on a high calcium diet. After 28 weeks, when serum iCT was rising, gastrin values fell in rats on high calcium diet to levels approaching those in the other groups. With increased serum iCT (weeks 28-34) serum gastrin concentrations were low and equal in the 3 groups despite different serum calcium concentrations. Electronmicroscopic examination of tumors from the various diet groups did not reveal significant ultrastructural differences. IN CONCLUSION: low, medium and high calcium intake gave corresponding changes in serum calcium. Diet-induced hypercalcaemia was not normalized by elevated serum iCT. In contrast, serum immunoreactive gastrin maintained by high calcium diet was suppressed by hypercalcitonaemia. PMID- 7257703 TI - Effect of different calcium intakes on bone mineral composition in rats with a calcitonin secreting tumour. AB - The effects of hypercalcitoninaemia and different calcium intakes on bone composition were studied in rats with and without a transplanted calcitonin secreting tumour (MCT). The serum concentrations of immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) increased progressively after transplantation. After 32 weeks the serum iCT concentrations in MCT rats were about 5-fold higher and serum ionized calcium was significantly reduced compared to control animals. In rats with hypercalcitoninaemia eating a standard calcium (0.9%) diet for 32 weeks, the dry weight and calcium and sodium content of the long bones were reduced compared to control rats without tumours or rats with a prolactin secreting tumour. The feeding of low (0.09%), medium (0.4%) and high (1.8%) calcium diets to MCT-rats resulted in corresponding levels of total and ionized serum calcium, but there was no difference in iCT concentrations. The MCT-rats taking the low calcium diet had decreased bone mass and calcium content compared to the other dietary groups. In conclusion, rats on normal calcium intake and carrying a calcitonin secreting tumour, but not a prolactin secreting tumour, had reduced femoral dry weight and bone mineral calcium content. Different calcium intake regimens did not affect hypercalcitoninaemia due to a tumour, but parallel changes in femoral dry weight and calcium content were found. PMID- 7257704 TI - Immunochemical characterization and distribution of calcitonin in the lizard. AB - Immunological and chromatographic methods were used to investigate the distribution of calcitonin (CT) in various tissues of Lacerta muralis, a common wall lizard. Salmon CT-like immunoreactivity was found in high concentration in extracts of ultimobranchial gland (UBG) and in significant amounts in lung and brain extracts, but not in other tissues (oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, skin, muscle and thyroid). Serial dilution of UBG, lung and brain extracts gave parallel displacement curves to that of synthetic salmon CT (sCT), but no reactivity was found in the human CT assay. On Sephadex G-50, UBG, lung and brain extracts contained an sCT-like immunoreactive peak which co-eluted with synthetic sCT. However, on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) the sCT-like peak in UB, lung and brain extracts eluted 2 ml later than synthetic sCT. This paper describes the first immunochemical characterization of CT in the UBG of the lizard, demonstrates the distribution of extra-ultimobranchial CT and throws some light on the evolution of the calcitonins. PMID- 7257705 TI - [Proceedings of the XLIII General Meeting of the Japan Hematological Society (Nagoya, April 9-11, 1981). Abstracts]. PMID- 7257706 TI - Applicability of sol practice immunoassay (SPIA) for detection of Schistosoma mansoni circulating antigens. PMID- 7257707 TI - Influence of the I-region of the H-2 complex on the immune response to murine Schistosoma mansoni infections. PMID- 7257708 TI - Tungiasis: a case report. PMID- 7257709 TI - Measuring flight activity after DDT-irritation of anopheline mosquitoes. PMID- 7257710 TI - The inhibition of yellow fever virus multiplication by suramin: a preliminary note. PMID- 7257711 TI - Fine structure of the fully keratinized hair cuticle in the head hair of the human. AB - The cuticle is composed of five cell layers in the cross section of the hair at a level of 100 mm above the scalp. Intercellular junctions between two cuticular cells are zonulae occludentes (tight junction); they consist of five layers. The gap junctions of the intercellular communications occur near the cortex. The trichohyalin granule appears in the cuticular cells of completely cornified head hair. The granule is generally smaller than that of the keratohyalin granule, and spherical in shape. The granule is not visible in the area near the surface of the hair. The keratin in the cytoplasm of the cuticular cell may originate from the trichohyalin granule. PMID- 7257712 TI - Electron microscopic study of the sarcolemma of Purkinje cells of the goat heart. AB - Three portions were characterized in the sarcolemma of Purkinje cells of the goat heart. These portions, i.e., intercalated disk, internal and surface sarcolemmal portion, show specific and distinctive characteristics. The surface density of both sarcoplasmic reticulum dyads and intercellular junctions were estimated in these three sarcolemmal portions. Dyads occupy 8, 1.6 and 0.3%, respectively, of the area of internal, intercalated disk, and surface sarcolemmal portions. Fasciae and maculae adherentes are 17 and 5% of the intercalated disk and the internal sarcolemma, respectively. The nexal area in the intercalated disk is twice that in the internal sarcolemma. These results are discussed in relation to the excitation-contraction coupling phenomenon and to conduction velocity. PMID- 7257714 TI - Decrease of collagen content in the intraocular fluid of senile rats. PMID- 7257713 TI - Myelinated nerve fibers in the parathyroid gland of the dog: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - The distribution of myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers in the parathyroid glands of the dog was studied by light and electron microscopy. The mixed fasciculi with myelinated nerve fibers (average diameter 7.0 micron) and unmyelinated fibers were present independent of the adventitia of the arterioles. The mixed fasciculi were accompanied by large amounts of collagen fibrils running in the direction of the nerve fibers. The fasciculi were surrounded by a complete sleeve composed of a perineural epithelial sheath which a basal lamina on both sides. The possibility that these fibers might represent an afferent pathway is discussed. PMID- 7257715 TI - Modulation of chondrocyte activity in vitro in response to ascorbic acid. AB - The aim of this study was to examine the response of secondary cartilage to ascorbic acid in vitro. Cells which had not attained the prechondroblast stage when cultured, did not chondrify in vitro, even when exposed to high levels (400 microgram/ml) of ascorbic acid. On the other hand, prechondroblasts cultured in the presence of low levels (100 microgram/ml) of ascorbic acid did chondrify. Once cytodifferentiation commenced, chondrogenesis was independent of the presence of ascorbic acid in the medium. Cartilage which differentiated in the presence of continuous high levels ( greater than 200 microgram/ml) of ascorbic acid modulated to a tissue which consisted of hypertropic chondrocytes in a highly collagenous extracellular matrix. At the light-microscopic level, this tissue was classified as chondroid bone. At the ultrastructural level, the collagen was seen to be in the form of cross-banded fibres more typical of bone than cartilage. Prelabelling of cultures with either [3H]-thymidine or [3H] proline showed that neither dedifferentiation of chondrocytes nor the resumption of mitotic activity was responsible for the alterations in the extracellular matrix. The differentiated chondrocytes can secrete an altered extracellular matrix without undergoing cytological dedifferentiation. The role of ascorbic acid in the attainment and maintenance of the differentiated state is briefly discussed. PMID- 7257716 TI - Age changes on bone size and mass in two strains of senescent rats. AB - 6-month-old Buffalo and Fisher inbred rats were compared with their respective senescent counterparts. It appeared that length as well as weight of the various sections of the skeleton increased into old age. However, in some skeletal parts, length increase was greater than weight increase, so that relative robusticity of those parts, relating weight to length, dropped. The two different strains of rats showed differences in age-related bone reactions. Thus, while in humans, age related bone loss is absolute, in rodents it is relative in certain sections of the body, or does not occur at all, but strain-dependent differences in rats have some parallels in human breeding populations. PMID- 7257717 TI - Relationship between brain volume and size of dural venous sinuses in human fetuses and adults. AB - A quantitative study of 50 human fetuses, ranging in size from 64 to 259 mm crown rump length (CRL), and 12 adult cadavers was carried out. After removal of each brain from the cranial cavity and measurement of its volume (BV), the cross sectional area (CSA) of the transverse (TS) and sigmoid (SS) dural venous sinuses were measured; the measurements were taken at the same anatomical point in all fetuses and adults. For each fetus and adult, indices CSA . TS/BV and CSA . SS/BV were calculated. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the mean CSA TS/BV . and CSA . SS/BV indices in fetuses were significantly greater than those of the adults, i.e., relative to the size of the brain, the dural venous sinuses in fetuses were greater than in adults. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was found between the CSA . SS/BV index and the CRL of the fetuses; this means that as the brain and sinuses grow during fetal development, the growth rate of the sinuses decreases. By implication, the rate of growth of the arterial blood supply decreases proportionately. A similar, progressive decrease in the growth rate of the brain takes place during fetal life. PMID- 7257718 TI - [Histological and cell kinetic studies of the growth of rat prostate of various ages]. AB - Histologic and cell-kinetic investigations were performed on the developing prostate of growing rats. The ages ranged from 1 day to 15 months. The most intensive cell proliferation is observed within the first 2 weeks after birth. Thereafter, the cell proliferation decreases continually as the cellular differentiation of the prostatic glandular epithelium increases to form well differentiated secretory cells. The second peak of cell proliferation occurs with the beginning of sexual maturation and an elevated testosterone production. But the rapid increase of prostatic weight at that time is mainly caused by an increased formation of secretory and interstitial tissue fluids. The different lobes of the adult prostate all exhibit the same cellular proliferation pattern. The prostate belongs to the organs with stable growth pattern and an only small cellular turnover. Mitotic figures are extremely rare under normal conditions. But this low cellular proliferative activity may be easily changed, in contrast to other organs with stable tissue and steady-state growth, i.e., liver and kidney, in dependence of hormone levels. PMID- 7257719 TI - [Femur development during lactation in rats whose mothers had undergone vitamin A treatment on the 10th day of gestation. Morphologic and morphometric study]. AB - Administration of a single dose of vitamin A (0.20 ml of Arovit, Roche, containing 30,000 IU of vitamin A palmitate), injected intraperitoneally in rats on the 10th day of gestation had the following effects on the femur of the newborn rats during lactation: longer femurs; earlier appearance of the epiphysial centers; a lower number of cells, increased matrix and consequent earlier maturation process for the zone of hypertrophic cartilage, and thicker and more numerous bone trabeculae. These data were confirmed by morphometric techniques. PMID- 7257720 TI - [Organization of pectoral muscle motor neurons in the rat. Contribution to the study of the axillary arch (Achselbogen)]. AB - In spite of their role of the forelimb activity, the organization of the mammalian pectoral muscles remains unclear. In order to get more information, we have studied, qualitatively and quantitatively, the motor pools of the various pectoral muscles in the rat (musculus pectoralis major, musculus pectoralis minor and musculus panniculus carnosus). The method applied was the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase by the peripheral nerves supplying the various muscles. The results provided the precise localization within the ventral horn of the motor neurons from the pectoral muscles which were all in the most ventral part of the gray matter. Three distinct motor pools were observed, which confirms the functional identity of each muscle. The motor neurons of m. panniculus carnosus exhibited some particularities. They were 4 times more numerous than those from m. pectoralis major, they occupied the whole ventral edge of the ventral horn, from its medial part to its lateral tip. The cell size was different from that of the other muscles. These results were discussed, according to the role of this muscle, which links the forelimb to the whole trunk. In mammals, m. panniculus carnosus constitutes, with musculus latissimus dorsi, the axillary arch (Achselbogen). A small area of overlapping between the motor pools of these two muscles was observed. It was suggested that the muscular fibers from the axillary arch were innervated by the same, well-defined spinal area, independent of the muscle from which they originate. PMID- 7257721 TI - Fine structure and myelination of the developing human vagus nerve. AB - The development of the cervical part of the vagus nerve was studied by electron microscopy in 17 human embryos and fetuses from 18 to 220 mm crown-rump (CR) length, approximately 7--23 postovulatory weeks old. By the end of the embryonic period proper, processes of neurolemmocytes are beginning to invade the nerve bundles of the vagus. Early in the fetal period, the nerve fibres become more regularly arranged, the lemmocyte/axon ratio is diminishing, the neurolemmocytes are dividing, and the connective tissue elements are becoming differentiated. By 14 postovulatory weeks (120 mm CR), examples of a 1:1 lemmocyte/axon ratio are observed, and the spiral development characteristic of myelination is beginning. By 17 weeks, myelinated fibres at varying phases of myelinogenesis are apparent, and desmosome-like junctions in the opposed plasma membranes are seen where lemmocyte processes form a mesaxon. By 23 postovulatory weeks, the diameter of the axons varies from 0.2 to 3.5 micrometer, and the vagus shows its mature structure, although nerve fibres at the beginning of myelin formation are still visible. PMID- 7257722 TI - Age characteristics of blood vessels of the human heart. AB - 71 neonatal to 81-year-old male and female human hearts were dissected and microscopically examined by means of ocular micrometry with particular regard to the thickness of the arterial walls. Both the intima and the media of the arteries thicken with age. Thickening of the intima is particularly active from the first decade of life. Our microscopic study and measurements of the thickness of the individual layers of the arterial wall have shown that in all segments of the arteries of specimens of equal age there exists a permanent proportion between the thickness of the intima and the media. Special attention was paid to the coronary arteries of newborns. By means of precise dissection and coronarography, the branching of coronary arteries, types of arterial vascularization, anastomoses and muscle bridges on arteries were studied in 100 hearts of male and female newborns taken at random. The intramural vessels were examined on special preparations. The sinusoid shows particularly clear-cut age related changes. In older age, the venous vessels and the sinusoids are dominant, while in childhood, the capillary network and arterioles are dominant. The increase in the volume of the venous bed of the heart is in inverse proportion to the flow of blood through the coronary arteries. PMID- 7257723 TI - Morphologic study of the blood vessels of the superior cervical ganglion of the albino rat. AB - Blood vessels of the rat superior cervical ganglion were examined by both light and electron microscopy. Direct blood supply to the superior cervical ganglion was derived from a capsular plexus of vessels. Intraganglionic vessels were for the most part capillaries. Some of these capillaries appeared dilated and sinusoidal. Although the ganglion did not seem to be densely vascularized, there was sufficient distribution to accommodate the nerve cell bodies of the ganglion. Individual capillaries served groups of neurons. Occasionally, capillary loops could be observed to surround single neuron perikarya. Ultrastructural studies revealed the presence of two types of capillaries. The majority of the capillaries of the rat superior cervical ganglion demonstrated a continuous, non fenestrated endothelium. Typical junctional complexes were found on abutting endothelial surfaces. Endothelial flaps and microvilli were also observed on the luminal surface of some of the vessels. Numerous micropinocytotic vesicles were observed on both the luminal and abluminal surfaces of the endothelium. A small number of capillaries demonstrated a fenestrated endothelium. In both types of capillaries there was a basement membrane and an extracellular space containing collagen. Perikaryal cytoplasm was separated from the extracellular space by a thick layer of satellite cell cytoplasm. PMID- 7257724 TI - Transmission electron microscopy of reparative dentin in rat molar pulps. Primary mineralization via extracellular matrix vesicles. AB - A reparative dentin bridge was induced in rat molar teeth by pulp exposure and capping with calcium hydroxide. Transmission electron-microscopic examination after 10 days revealed the presence of odontoblastic cells and collagenous matrix with focal calcifications. The calcifying fronts were composed of hydroxyapatite crystals. Numerous extracellular matrix vesicles were scattered between the forming cells and the calcifying fronts. Some of the vesicles contained electron dense material and in others, apatite crystals were detected. Matrix vesicles could not be identified in normal, mature calcifying dentin matrix. In view of the present observations and studies on surgical manipulations in articular cartilage, it is concluded that matrix vesicle calcification may result from alterations in the metabolic state of mesenchymal tissues. These changes can be induced surgically or chemically. PMID- 7257725 TI - The fine structure of snake myocardium. AB - Snake myocardium has been studied using standard methods and tannic acid mordanting. In both atria and ventricle, cells were arranged in fascicles with little connective tissue, up to 20 cells per fascicle, and few differences between cells of atria and ventricle. Cell (fiber) size varied from 8 to 12 micrometers in the nuclear area with a few cells up to 14 micrometers in ventricle, and cells generally were spindle-shaped, tapering toward the extremities where relatively simple intercalated discs were seen. Few myofibrils per cell were present and poorly delineated. Transverse tubules were absent and sarcoplasmic reticulum was poorly developed and, apparently, even absent from some cells. All cells contained micropinocytotic vesicles associated with the surface plasmalemma and subsarcolemmal caveolae. In addition to intercalated discs, intercellular junctions showed spot desmosomes, small and sparse gap junctions and fasciae adherentes of two types, one associated with Z-bands, one independent of Z-bands. Nerve fibers and nerve endings were numerous, particularly in atrium. These findings are discussed in relation to the structure of mammalian myocardium. PMID- 7257726 TI - Effects of isoproterenol on the ultrastructure of pig parotid gland. AB - Following chronic administration of isoproterenol, the parotid glands of the domestic pig were removed and studied with transmission electron microscopy. Acinar cells were markedly altered, whereas ductal elements were apparently unchanged. A notable hypertrophy of Golgi membranes was observed. In addition, electron-dense bodies located near the Golgi membranes were more numerous after isoproterenol administration. PMID- 7257727 TI - Vascular changes underlying cerebral lesions in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. A serial section study. AB - The relationship of the vascular changes to the cerebral lesions has been studied using serial sections of the brains from five cases of the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Infarction was observed in a form of microinfarct related to single or plural occluded arterioles in the brain and subarachnoid space. Though most arterioles with fibrinoid necrosis of the wall were occluded with thrombus, infarct, which was obviously related to the occluded arterioles, was verified only in a few occasions. It was proved that infarction did not develop in all the areas irrigated by the occluded arterioles, and the regional circulation was assumed to have been maintained by the collateral circulation. There was rarefaction of the neutrophil with preservation of the neurons in the cortex around the vascular changes, such as fibrinoid necrosis of the wall. Widespread rarefaction and cyst formation were observed in the subjacent white matter, which were more marked in the vicinity of the vascular changes in the cortex. These histological changes were interpreted to be the tissue degeneration secondary to edema. PMID- 7257729 TI - Ultrastructural evidence of a peripheral nervous system pattern of myelination in the avascular retina of the Guinea pig. PMID- 7257728 TI - Freeze fracture studies of muscle plasma membrane in human muscular dystrophy. AB - Freeze fracture analysis of intramembranous particle density in skeletal muscle plasma dystrophy from 7 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), 5 patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSH) and 5 patients with myotonic dystrophy (MyD) were carried out. Marked depletion of intramembranous particles including orthogonal arrays was noted in DMD while only orthogonal arrays were significantly decreased in FSH. No abnormalities were noted in MyD. PMID- 7257730 TI - A new model of congenital hydrocephalus in the rat. AB - Hydrocephalic neonates were observed in a small breeding colony of rats. Normal rats from this colony were obtained and brother-sister mated for seven generations. The overall prevalence of hydrocephalics was approximately 23%; however, in one subline, the prevalence approached 50%. Breeding data suggested the trait to be polygenic. Hydrocephalics could be detected at 1-2 days of age, and survived for 4-5 weeks. Dilatation of the ventricles was restricted to the lateral ventricles. No evidence of developmental anomalies was seen within the ventricles. Preliminary evidence suggested that the pathophysiology may be related to poorly developed veins in the periosteal-dural layers and to underdeveloped pia-arachnoid cells. The hydrocephalus was classified as being of the communicating type. PMID- 7257731 TI - Pathogenesis of brain lesions caused by experimental epilepsy. Light- and electron-microscopic changes in the rat cerebral cortex following bicuculline induced status epilepticus. AB - Status epilepticus was induced in rats by the GABA receptor blocking agent, bicuculline, during artificial ventilation and with closely monitored physiologic parameters. After 1 or 2 h of status epilepticus the brains were fixed by perfusion with glutaraldehyde and processed for light and electron microscopy. In the cerebral cortex two different types of changes were present, i.e., nerve cell injuries and status spongiosus. Type 1 injured neurons, mainly in the areas of most marked sponginess (layer 3), displayed progressive condensation of both karyo-and cytoplasm. In the most advanced stages the nucleus could no longer be distinguished from the cytoplasm in the light microscope, and vacuoles of apparent Golgi cisterna origin appeared in the darkly stained cytoplasm. This type of injured neurons comprised 41 and 56% of the cortical neurons after 1 or 2 h of status epilepticus, respectively. Seven to 9% of the neurons showed another type of injury (type 2). They were mainly located in the deeper cortical layers, and showed slit-formed cytoplasmic vacuoles chiefly due to swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum including the nuclear envelope. Marked sponginess of the cortex developed principally in layer 3 and it spread into deeper layers with longer duration of status epilepticus, but the outermost layers retained a compact structure. As judged by electron microscopy, the sponginess resulted mainly from swelling of astrocytes and their processes causing both perivascular and perineuronal vacuolation. The structural changes observed are considered to be caused by astrocytic and to a lesser extent intraneuronal edema related to the seizure activity. Although the exact pathogenetic mechanisms are not known, our findings indicate that hypoxia-ischemia is not a major determinant of the tissue damage observed. PMID- 7257732 TI - A Golgi and electron-microscopic study of cerebellum in methylmercury-poisoned neonatal mice. AB - Neonatal C57BL/6J mice were injected with 5 mg/kg body weight of 203Hg-labeled methylmercuric chloride on postnatal days 3, 4, and 5, totaling 15 mg/kg body weight per animal. The experimental and control animals were sacrificed on postnatal by 15. Whole body radioactivity of 203Hg progressively increased during the 3-day injection period and reached the peak level and remained at peak levels until the time of sacrifice. This indicates a lack of clearance of 203Hg by neonatal mice during the period examined in this study. Golgi preparations of cerebella of MeHg-treated animals revealed significant reduction in dendritic arborization of Purkinje cells. Ultrastructurally, the vascular endothelium showed attenuation with increased electron density and frequent vacuolization of cytoplasm. Marked swelling of perivascular glia was noted in most of the capillaries throughout the cerebella of MeHg-treated animals. PMID- 7257734 TI - Contrast sensitivity and central vision in reattached macula. AB - Macular functions were studied in patients recovering after surgery for retinal detachment involving the macula. Central vision was assessed by visual acuity, grating acuity, metamorphopsia, and contrast sensitivity tests for 5 months up to 3 years post-operatively. Impairment of contrast sensitivity was generally observed at high and intermediate spatial frequencies as compared to age-matched controls. In 2 cases, both with low visual acuity, an attenuation was also found at low spatial frequencies. Reductions of visual and grating acuity were closely related indicating that the test target for acuity determination is of minor importance in evaluating recovery in retinal detachments. The majority of the patients studied had different degrees of metamorphopsia. The reduction of the contrast sensitivity at intermediate spatial frequencies corresponded to the reduction in acuity. Our study thus presents no evidence for a selective vulnerability of specific contrast channels unrelated to acuity loss. PMID- 7257733 TI - Reappraisal of the fine structure of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles. AB - Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles were studied by electron microscopy. The study includes four cases of Alzheimer's disease, two cases of atypical senile dementia, and one case of progressive supranuclear palsy. In Alzheimer's disease the tangles were composed of either straight filaments or paired helical filaments. In progressive supranuclear palsy the tangles were composed of 15 nm straight filaments or helical filaments. A few straight filaments were mixed with paired helical filaments. In atypical senile dementia, both straight and paired helical filaments comprised the tangles and one type of filaments appeared to intermingle with the other in the same neurons. PMID- 7257735 TI - A pressure pulse amplitude lowering effect of retinal xenon photocoagulation in normotensive diabetic eyes. AB - In 20 diabetic patients with normal intraocular pressures (IOP) the effect of monocular panretinal xenon photocoagulation of intraocular pressure pulse amplitudes (IOPA) was recorded with the applanating suction cup applied bilaterally. One month after the treatment the photocoagulated eye showed an average decrease in IOPA of 32% which was statistically significant when compared to the untreated fellow eye. The decrease was greater than expected from the simultaneous fall in IOP, this indicated that the photocoagulations affected the vascularity of the choroid. The ocular rigidity was unchanged. PMID- 7257736 TI - Effects of grating stimulation on visual acuity in amblyopia. AB - Thirty-one children with amblyopia were treated with CAM vision stimulation. Twenty-one of them had previously been treated with conventional methods but failed to improve further. The conventional therapy was continued during and after CAM. Grating stimulation was the first treatment attempted for the rest of the children. Most children in both groups showed improved distance visual acuity after CAM-treatment and no one suffered a loss. The average visual acuity improvement was the same in both groups of children and did not vary with age. The improvement amounted to about 50% of the visual acuity before CAM, irrespective of the pre-treatment acuity level. We conclude that CAM-stimulation can be useful in cases where occlusion or other amblyopia treatment has failed, but that some form of treatment must be continued if visual acuity is to be maintained after the CAM-treatment period. PMID- 7257737 TI - Visual functioning in cataract patients. Methods of measuring and results. AB - An Index for measuring Visual Functioning on the basis of self-assessment is presented and evaluated clinically and statistically. The construct validity and the reliability are shown to be sufficient. The 'Visual Functioning Index' has been applied to a group of cataract patients. In bilateral cataract patients visual functioning is, of course, correlated to visual acuity in the best eye, but this correlation is not straight forward. So, for the assessment of visual impairment both visual acuity and visual functioning must be measured. Application of the Index to a group of monaphakic cataract patients indicates a good improvement of visual function obtained even by first cataract extraction. Ideally cataract surgery should be performed before the total visual functioning and social integration is severely damaged. On this basis about 20% of the patients in this study should have been operated at an earlier stage, which among other things suggests a need for additional surgical capacity. PMID- 7257738 TI - A change in indications for cataract surgery? A 10 year comparative epidemiologic study. AB - A change in the indications for cataract surgery might be one of the many reasons for the steady increasing number of cataract extractions. A comparison between the indications for surgery in a group of cataract patients from 1970 and a similar group from 1980 was done. In bilateral cataracts, evaluated on basis of visual acuity in both eyes, no widening of the indications for cataract surgery could be found. In monaphakics, going to be operated on the second eye, visual acuity in both eyes revealed no change, but we do operate more second eye cataracts now, 41% against 25% in 1970, which means that monaphakia is in itself considered a stronger indication for surgery in the second eye than it was 10 years ago. Acknowledgment of the difficulties of being monaphakic, refinements of extraction techniques and increased requirements for better vision among the elderly population might explain this altered attitude towards monaphakia. PMID- 7257739 TI - Anterior pupillary block. AB - Two patients with post-operative adhesions between the iris and cornea are presented. The term of anterior pupillary block is suggested, and its clinical picture is described. The irido-corneal adherences appeared to be the trigger mechanism of the intraocular pressure rise and deepening of the posterior chamber. The tension was fully controlled following the rupture of these adherences. The beneficial result of a simple procedure of posterior chamber tape is mentioned. PMID- 7257740 TI - The effect of intraocular pressure and glaucomatous damage on intraocular pressure pulse amplitudes. AB - Bilateral recordings with the applanating suction cup tonograph on eyes of 85 persons with and without glaucoma show that the intraocular pressure pulse amplitudes (IOPA) increase in size with the intraocular pressure (IOP) from an average of 1.85 mmHg at 12 mmHg IOP to 4.8 mmHg at 37 mmHg IOP. This relation resembles the one found between IOP increments and IOP by the injection of 157 equal volumes of saline into 10 eyes of human cadavers. The resemblance indicates that the IOPA versus IOP relation of the live eyes in all essentials is explained by systolic net equal-volume inputs of blood into eyes with elastic properties determined by the cornea and sclera. --IOPA are of equal size in eyes with and without glaucomatous cups and visual field defects. Since IOPA are produced mainly by volume changes in the choroid, it is concluded that the choroid is not among the tissues undergoing a general pressure atrophy in the glaucoma (cases of absolute glaucoma were not studied). PMID- 7257741 TI - Fellow eyes of glaucomatous patients with uniocular optic disc haemorrhage. AB - Optic disk stereophotographs and clinical data of 94 patients with uniocular disc haemorrhage were analyzed at the time the haemorrhage was present. Comparison of haemorrhagic eyes with their fellow eyes showed that such patients do not form a separate disease entity but rather present a group of patients with different types of bilateral open-angle glaucoma or suspected glaucoma in various stages of the disease progression. By multivariate analysis, notching of the neural rim was the most effective factor to increase probability of bleeding in contrast to presence of capsular glaucoma which increased probability of an eye belonging to the non-haemorrhagic group of eyes. PMID- 7257742 TI - Ophthalmological examination of patients in long-term treatment with tranexamic acid. AB - Fourteen patients with hereditary angioneurotic oedema (Quincke' oedema) treated for an average period of 6 years (ranging from 15 months to 8 years) with tranexamic acid was given an ophthalmological examination in order to reveal any possible toxic damages caused by the treatment. As large doses of tranexamic acid given to animals have been shown to result in retinal degeneration, the examination was focused on checking the retinal function. A complete ophthalmic examination revealed no toxic effects in the eyes of any of the patients. No retinal damages were found that could have been caused by the tranexamic acid. The central corneal thickness was normal. PMID- 7257743 TI - The endothelial cell density after cataract surgery in young patients. AB - The central corneal endothelium was photographed with a specular microscope in 14 patients in the age range 7 to 31 years, who, at the age of 3 to 22 years, had been cataract operated due to a congenital cataract. Mean endothelial cell density (+/- SD) of operated (n = 20) and unoperated (n = 8) eyes was 2479 (+/- 490) and 3140 (+/- 188) cells/mm(2), respectively (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that, like in older patients, healing of the endothelial layer in young patients does not involve cell proliferation to the extent of complete restoration of the cell density. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7257744 TI - Further studies of the chemical sensitivity of the oscillatory potentials of the electroretinogram (ERG). II. Glutamate-aspartate-and dopamine antagonists. AB - The effects on the oscillatory potentials (OPs) of the ERG of some pharmacological agents, which antagonize the putative neurotransmitters glutamate aspartate and dopamine were tested. GDEE and alpha-aminoadipate, blocking agents of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate, respectively, decreased the amplitude of all the OPs. The amplitude of the b-wave was simultaneously reduced. Thus, no selective or differential sensitivity of the OPs was found, which suggests that glutamate- or aspartate-sensitive neuronal pathways do not seem to be directly involved in the generation of the OPs. Haloperidol, which antagonizes the effect of the inhibitory transmitter agent dopamine, differentially affected the OPs. The earlier OPs appeared more sensitive to low doses of the drug than the later ones. Such doses only slightly decreased the maximum amplitude of the b-wave and did not affect the a-wave. Thus, these findings indicate and support previous suggestions that the individual oscillatory peaks are likely to have different origins and that only inhibitory feed-back synapses give rise to the OPs. PMID- 7257745 TI - The role of corneal distortion in the occurrence of monocular diplopia. AB - The measurement of anterior corneal surface topography before and during the occurrence of monocular diplopia can be used to predict the angular positions of any secondary images resulting from corneal distortion. The predictions correlate at a statistically significant level with direct measurements of the positions of the secondary images. PMID- 7257746 TI - Hereditary diseases of the eye in a study of blind and partially sighted. AB - This study is based on an investigation of all blind and partially sighted persons living in the country of Hordaland, Norway with a population of 379 734. It was found that 1441 were visually impaired with a vision of 6/18 or less or 0.38% of the total population. There was a high frequency of hereditary diseases (29.6%). 336 had other family members with the same type of eye diseases, and 492 had someone in the family with an eye disease which differed from the one they had themselves. Blood relation between parents was found in 139 cases. Many large families with hereditary diseases, of which some are quite rarely seen, were discovered. PMID- 7257748 TI - Traumatic bitemporal hemianopia and fracture of the dorsum sella. Case report. AB - Fracture of the dorsum sella is uncommon. A case of traumatic bitemporal hemianopia with a fronto-basal fracture and a fracture of the dorsum sella is reported. PMID- 7257747 TI - Stickler's syndrome. AB - During recent years a new syndrome involving degenerations of the corpus vitreum and retina, and dysplastic abnormities of the bones, Sticklers Syndrome, has been evaluated. The patients have a bad visual prognosis because of a tendency to often uncurable retinal detachment. Several patients have glaucoma simplex, but only few descriptions of the angles of the anterior chamber have been published. Two patients with typical malformations and abnormal angles of the anterior chamber are described. Gonoidysgenesis is assumed to be part of the syndrome, which seems to be more common than earlier assumed. PMID- 7257749 TI - Teratoma orbitae. Report of a case. AB - A case of orbital teratoma was noted at birth. The neoplasm with a normally developed eye at its apex protruded between distended eyelids from an enlarged but intact orbit. The tumour was successfully extirpated on the day after birth. Histological examination revealed components from all 3 germinal layers and no sign of malignancy. PMID- 7257750 TI - Morphology of Human cochlear nerve after labyrinthectomy. AB - Five temporal bones and three surgical cochlear nerve specimens from patients who previously underwent labyrinthectomy were studied by light and electron microscopy. All cochleas had nearly total loss of sensory cells, extensive or total loss of both cochlear nerve fibers in the osseous spiral lamina, and spiral ganglion cells. In spite of this severe distal degeneration of the cochlear nerve, it processes within the internal auditory canal appeared normal in four of the five temporal bones, and the majority of the myelinated nerve fibers had survived in all three surgical specimens. Most of the central processes of the primary neurons of the cochlear nerve appear to have resisted retrograde degeneration when it was induced by a lesion primarily causing degeneration of the organ of Corti. This peculiar situation of a few nerve cell bodies and disproportionately large numbers of central axons is discussed. PMID- 7257751 TI - Temporal summation in acoustic reflex growth functions. AB - Acoustic reflex growth functions for pure tone activators of 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz and a broad-band noise (BBN) were obtained with activator durations of 20, 200 and 1000 msec (10 msec rise/decay) in four young, normal subjects. The lowest reflex thresholds were obtained for the 1000 msec activators, followed by 200 msec and then 20 msec. The reflex growth functions revealed lower reflex magnitudes for the shorter duration activators. When normalized to account for temporal summation at reflex threshold, reflex magnitude growth was similar among the three durations at 500 Hz, slower for 20 msec than for 200 and 1000 msec at 1000 Hz, and became progressively slower with decreasing duration from 1000 to 200 to 20 msec at 2000 Hz. When expressed in SPL, the BBN growth functions reasonably resembled those at 2000 Hz. No particular pattern was revealed for the normalized BBN growth functions. PMID- 7257752 TI - Application of the thiocarbohydrazide-osmium coating technique to scanning electron microscopy of the inner ear. AB - The application of the thiocarbohydrazide-osmium coating technique to scanning electron microscopy of the inner ear is described. In this procedure specimens which have been prepared for electron microscopy (fixation in buffered glutaraldehyde or in Karnovsky's fixative followed by post fixation in osmium tetroxide) are twice exposed to solutions of thiocarbohydrazide and osmium tetroxide with water rinses in between each treatment. This method binds osmium to the specimen and so eliminates the need to coat the surface of the material with a layer of heavy metal. Initial observations indicate that this is a convenient and reliable method which is capable of yielding good results. PMID- 7257753 TI - The consistent occurrence of a striated organelle (Friedmann body) in the inner hair cells of the normal chinchilla. AB - Striated organelles have consistently been observed in electron micrographs of serial sections from the inner hair cells of normal chinchilla cochleas. The striated organelle is located in the infracuticular plate region. It lines the cuticular plate, and the direction, pattern and periodicity of the striations vary along its length. The striated organelle is seen in close association with the cell membrane, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules and mitochondria. The striated organelle may play an active role in inner hair cell function, and its proliferation under pathological conditions, as observed by others, may be accompanied by alterations in sensitivity of the inner hair cell to stimuli. PMID- 7257754 TI - A new test of Eustachian tube function with otoadmittance meter: tubotympanometry. AB - A new method for testing Eustachian tube function using an otoadmittance meter (Tubotympanometry) is reported. The otoadmittance meter is set for the aural reflex test, namely in the position of Y-T- recording. The patient is asked to carry out deep breathing. Valsalva's maneuvre, normal breathing, and swallowing in succession. In normal 40 ears, three types of the tubotympanogram were classified. In type A, observed in 32 ears, the graph shows no changes during deep breathing, a sudden downward deflection with Valsalva's maneuvre, a return to a level after the maneuvre and on repeated swallowing the graph returns to the initial level in stepwise. In type B, observed in 5 ears, the graph returns to the initial level directly after Valsalva's maneuvre without swallowing. This indicates a slightly patent tube, even though in the normal range. Type C was observed in 3 ears of patients who failed to perform Valsalva's maneuvre correctly. In the case of a patent tube, the graph shows a remarkable fluctuation synchronizing with inspiration and expiration. In the case of an occluded tube, the graph shows slower recovery after Valsalva's maneuvre and no complete return to the initial level even after repeated swallowing. In another case of occluded tube, the graph was deflected upward by Valsalva's maneuvre and showed no change on deglutition. The greatest advantage of this test is the simplicity of the equipment and of the test procedure. PMID- 7257755 TI - Tympanosclerosis of the ear drum. A scanning electronmicroscopic study. AB - 15 specimens from tympanosclerotic ear drums were studied by scanning electron microscope. Comparative studies were made in 5 normal ear drums and 21 specimens from ear drums in secretory otitis media. Calcification of the ear drum affected mainly the fibrous layer. The submucosa seemed stiff with congested vessels. The degeneration and calcification in the fibrous layer started medially near the submucosa, involving the inner circular fibres first. Signs of regeneration were seen, with fibrocyte-like cells producing fibrils. PMID- 7257757 TI - Immediate noise effects on cochlear vasculature in the guinea pig. AB - Nine guinea pigs were exposed to a 4 kHz narrow band noise at 120 dB for 30 minutes. The animals were killed immediately following exposure and the cochlear tissues prepared using a soft-surface preparation technique. Experimental and control animals were mixed and randomly assessed without prior knowledge of the groups of which the specimens belonged. The results were analysed by computer. Statistically significant differences in the vasculature between noise-exposed and control animals of a general nature included: more changes in spiral lamina than external wall vessels, more changes in vessels facing perilymph than endolymph, and more changes apically than basally. Results indicate slight intracochlear compensations in blood flow, that could potentially maintain a more constant circulation in regions of the cochlea corresponding to the 4 kHz narrow band exposure noise. Methodological aspects of our inner ear vascular technique as well as some hypothetical explanations regarding the observed changes in the blood supply are discussed. PMID- 7257756 TI - The human acoustic neurinoma in organ culture. II. Tissue changes after gamma irradiation. AB - Acoustic neurinoma tissue in organ culture was exposed to gamma irradiation (60CO) 30-150 Gy single dose. Schwann cell degeneration occurred from the first week onward in vitro following irradiation. After 3 weeks only a limited number of surviving cells were observed in the specimens, as compared with controls. The in vitro changes in tissue morphology indicate an irreversible course even after irradiation with the lowest dose, 30 Gy single dose. As a comparison with the in vitro experimental material it has also been possible to analyse the light and electron microscopic morphology of a tumour from a patient previously treated with stereotactic radiosurgery. An similar substantial Schwann cell loss was found in the centre of the tumour treated with stereotactic irradiation prior to surgery, as compared with the in vitro material. PMID- 7257758 TI - Synchronous optokinetic nystagmus. The prediction area in normal humans. AB - Optokinetic nystagmus was investigated in 150 normal subjects who were separated into two groups according to age (17-50 years and 65-89 years). The investigations were carried out at target speeds of 10 degrees/sec and 20 degrees/sec. Both of the test situations were within the area of synchronous response, i.e. every target gave rise to one or more nystagmic beats. The normal variation of the eye velocity of horizontal OKN was determined. It was impossible to obtain stable ENG recordings of vertical OKN. No age- or sec dependent asymmetry of the eye velocity was observed. Five of the participants from the older group were unable to produce a continuous and regular OKN. From the rest of the participants regular responses were recorded at one or both of the test situations. The eye velocity is encumbered with a considerable individual variation, which is reduced when considering the difference between clockwise and counter-clockwise OKN. PMID- 7257759 TI - Characteristics of nystagmus produced by reversible lesions of the medial cerebellar nuclei in the alert monkey. AB - Synaptic activity of the medial cerebellar nuclei was reversibly blocked in 6 Cebus monkeys by cooling through a sheath implanted alongside the fastigial nucleus. Such lesions produced in the dark a strong nystagmus (slow phase velocity 100-200 deg/sec). The slow phase of nystagmus was predominantly in the horizontal plane and was towards the side of the lesion (ipsilateral drift). The maximum velocity of drift was independent of eye position and was directly related to the degree of cooling. Vision abolished the nystagmus. If lights were turned on during nystagmus the drift velocity rapidly decreased to zero with an instantaneous and an exponential component. It is suggested that these results emphasize the importance of the medial cerebellum, possibly by way of the fastigial nucleus, in balancing the output of the paired vestibular nuclei. PMID- 7257761 TI - Electromyography (EMG) and sialometry in the prognosis of Bell's palsy. A methodological study of early investigated, untreated patients. AB - The degree of remaining motor unit activity at maximal voluntary contraction of the face was examined in three of the facial muscles in 43 untreated patients with Bell's palsy. All the patients were examined within 10 days of the onset of the paresis. In 40 patients the EMG activity was compared with the clinical evaluation of the paresis and in 33 patients with the results from sialometry. EMG revealed remaining motor activity in several patients who had clinically total paresis. It was concluded that EMG can be used as a prognostic indicator at an early stage in Bell's palsy. Sialometry was found to predict the final outcome of the paresis with a slightly better accuracy than EMG. PMID- 7257760 TI - Cholesteatoma. A clinical and morphological analysis. AB - A total of 33 consecutively operated aural cholesteatomas were analysed with regard to preoperative findings and correlated with the morphology of the cholesteatoma tissue. Patients were found in all age groups, 9/33 of the patients were operated at an age below 15 years. A persistent ear discharge had occurred in all patients but in 9 cases the patient history was of less than one year. Impaired hearing was found in 29/33. A demineralization of ossicles was observed at X-ray also in cases in which the ossicular chain appeared normal at operation. In only 5/33 cases was there a retraction of the tympanic membrane without a perforation. The morphological features were the same in both very rapidly and very slowly growing cholesteatomas. PMID- 7257762 TI - Creation of the phonatory neoglottis. Preliminary experience with ten cases. AB - Voice rehabilitation in the laryngectomy patient has been a major goal of reconstructive laryngeal surgery. A series of ten patients underwent laryngectomy and creation of a phonatory neoglottis as outlined by Staffieri. Speech and swallowing were evaluated postoperatively. Functional speech was achieved in 9 out of 10 patients. Swallowing difficulties did not present a serious problem. Voice production utilizing the neoglottic technique was found to be superior to esophageal speech. From this preliminary series, the phonatory shunt operation of Staffieri appears to offer much potential and deserves further study. PMID- 7257763 TI - Histopathological study of the adverse effects of prolonged respiratory therapy on the neonate lung. AB - Pulmonary alterations of 4 premature babies treated with mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy for long duration ranged from 26 to 172 days, following respiratory distress syndrome, were studied. Loss of cilia, hyperplasia of reserve cells of bronchi and bronchioles, proliferation of elastic and collagenous fibers of alveolar ducts and saccules, and occasional hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells were usually observed. In the air spaces, emphysematous foci were intermingled with atelectatic area. Hyperplasia of II type alveolar cells and proliferation of interstitial cells were correlated with the effects of high concentrations of oxygen. Medial hypertrophy and intimal thickening of muscular type pulmonary arteries were prominent in long survivors. These pulmonary lesions may result from both mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy. PMID- 7257764 TI - Cholecystic granulomas in gallstone disease. A clinicopathologic study of 17 cases. AB - This paper concerns with 17 cases of chronic cholecystitis with various granulomatous changes of the wall. All materials were obtained from patients who underwent cholecystectomy for various complications of gallstone disease. The only significant sign attributable to the granulomas was a palpable nodular induration in the wall at operation in several cases, and this led to a suspicion of neoplasm in one. Pathologically, these lesions were characterized principally by nodular proliferation (0.5-3.0 cm in size) of various forms of histiocytic cells, including lipid-containing histiocytes (foam cells), PAS positive brown pigmented cells, and multinucleated giant cells. Deposition of bile pigment and/or cholesterin crystals were found deeply in the areas of granulomatous reaction in about two-thirds of the cases. This finding supports a bile-induced granulomatous process of these lesions. The granuloma in one of our series contained typical Michaelis-Gutmann bodies seen in a case of malakoplakia. It is suggested that bile materials, which are capable of eliciting intense phagocytic reaction, may also act as an initiating factor in formation of malakoplakic lesions. PMID- 7257765 TI - Retrovirus particles in spontaneously occurring and radiation-induced tumors in ddY mice. AB - Among spontaneously occurring tumors, pulmonary tumor, malignant lymphoma, mammary tumor, and ovarian tumor were the major ones in 232 ddY female mice. The former three tumors appeared significantly earlier and the latter one increased in incidence in 229 mice given 600 R whole or 800 R partial body (tunk) x irradiation at the age of 10 weeks. Five tumors were examined electronmicroscopically from each tumor type of both the spontaneously occurring and radiation-induced tumors. C type virus particles were present only in the malignant lymphoma and B particles in the mammary, ovarian and pulmonary tumors, which are all of epithelial character. Thus, as far as we were concerned in this mouse strain, B particles were produced preferentially in epithelial cells and C particles in non-epithelial cells. The retrovirus particles were found in the same frequency, namely, 10 of 20 tumors examined in both the tumor groups. From our results, the intervention of virus in radiation carcinogenesis still remains in question. PMID- 7257768 TI - Ultrastructural study of hemangiomas. 2. Benign hemangioendothelioma of the hard palate. AB - A case of benign hemangioendothelioma which occurred in the hard palate was observed and its electron microscopic findings were described. The endothelial cells contained an abundance of cytoplasmic filaments, but they contained a small number of Weibel-Palade bodies. Two types of endothelial cells, light and dark, were found in our specimen. The former had a cytoplasm with an abundance of ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum and scant filaments. The latter had a cytoplasm with numerous cytoplasmic filaments and a well-developed Golgi apparatus. Tight junctions were seen between the endothelial cells. The majority of the pericytes were accompanied with the vessels in the tumor. Three types of pericytes were recognized: endothelial cell-like, fibroblast-like, and smooth muscle cell-like pericytes. PMID- 7257767 TI - Acute decompression sickness--report of an autopsy case with widespread fat embolism. AB - A case of acute decompression sickness presenting severe clinical features was reported. At the time of autopsy, intra- and extravascular air bubbles were found in various organs. Pulmonary fat embolism was also prominent in association with severe circulatory disturbances of the lungs. The spinal cord showed edematous and congestive swelling which was intimately related to the coagulation of blood within the epidural veins that contained innumerable fat droplets. Intravascular fat seemed to be created in and released from the injured adipose tissue, especially that of the bone marrow during decompression and to have acted as an accelerator of intravascular coagulation. The pathophysiological significance of the fat embolism for the development and the progression of decompression sickness is discussed. PMID- 7257766 TI - The fibrinolytic activity of isolated rat glomeruli by fibrin slide technique. Its application to rat Masugi nephritis. AB - A method for measurement of rat glomerular fibrinolysis and the results of its application to rat Masugi nephritis are described. The glomerular fibrinolytic activity was measured on isolated glomeruli using a fibrin slide technique. The procedure of this method is simple and the results obtained have a good reproducibility. By applying this method to rat Masugi nephritis, sequential changes in glomerular fibrinolytic activity could be assessed. A decrease in glomerular fibrinolytic activity that was related to the extent of fibrin deposits in the glomeruli was demonstrated in the autologous phase. PMID- 7257769 TI - Developmentally heterotopic urogenital tissues in a retroperitoneal lipoma with hematopoiesis. AB - This report concerns an unusual retroperitoneal lipoma with hematopoiesis in a 49 year-old male. A unique feature is the presence of well differentiated male urogenital tissues, such as the prostatic gland, urethra and urinary bladder in part of the tumor. The process of the differentiation of these tissues is also illustrated. Although this lipoma attained a large size weighing 1,500 g, it is apparently a kind of malformation derived from the sequestered retroperitoneal Wolffian vestige. No similar cases have so far been reported in the world literature. PMID- 7257770 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of gallbladder--report of two cases and review of literature. AB - Two cases of a well-differentiated keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder were reported. Pathologic analysis of this rare neoplasm was made in conjunction with cases of the gallbladder carcinoma of a squamous cell variety reported in literatures. The squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by a well localized growth and a rarity or lack of metastasis. These characteristics make a good contract with an adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder which usually infiltrates rather extensively and metastasizes widely. Thus the adenosquamous carcinoma should be sequestered from group of squamous cell carcinoma. Radical operative procedures may well be encouraged on selected cases of squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 7257771 TI - Choriocarcinoma in infant and mother. AB - A 2-month-old female baby was noticed to have liver tumor. A hemangioma of the right lobe was suspected from the findings by celiac angiography. Histologic findings of the surgically resected material revealed choriocarcinoma of the liver. At autopsy, multiple metastatic nodules were found in the lungs, but remnant liver, ovaries, uterus, mediastinum, and sacrococcygeal region were free of tumor. The ovary had several thecalutein cysts, and the endometrium of the uterus showed pseudodecidual change of the stroma. The mother died two months later. Although histologic materials were not available, the clinical findings including a high value of serum HCG seemed to show that she had been affected by choriocarcinoma. The most probable origin of the choriocarcinoma in the infant from the mother is discussed. PMID- 7257772 TI - Extravesical malacoplakia--possibly originated from a superficial part of the renal cortex. AB - A 61-year-old woman was found to have a right flank mass. Radiologically, the mass was thought to be of renal origin. Surgically, however, the tumorous lesion adhered tightly not only to the cortical surface but extended to the retroperitoneum and psoas muscle. Pathological examination confirmed the lesion to be malacoplakia which was characterized by the presence of von Hansemann cells and Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Despite the effort made to focus on the initiating site of the tumor, it was considerably difficult to decide whether it originated from either an extremely superficial part of the renal cortex or renal capsule or retroperitoneum itself. Histochemical and electron microscopical investigations on the von Hansemann cells and Michaelis-Gutmann bodies were made. The pathogenesis of malacoplakia was briefly discussed with particular emphasis on its possible occurrence in the patients under various therapeutic regimes. PMID- 7257773 TI - Analysis of bacterial cell wall proteins and human serum proteins bound to bacterial cell surfaces. AB - A method was developed for the characterization of proteins non-covalently bound to the cell wall of Gram-positive cocci. The method employs radioactive labelling of cell wall proteins followed by solubilisation and analysis on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate. Using this experimental procedure, protein patterns obtained from group A, C and G streptococcal strains showed marked similarities within each group. Protein peaks were also found to be shared between group C and G strains. Two major peaks with molecular weights of about 30 000 and 70 000 characterized group A strains, whereas group C and G strains showed one consistent peak of about 45 000, thus reflecting the closer relationship between these two groups as compared to group A streptococci. By incubating bacteria with human serum proteins before labelling, solubilisation and electrophoretic analysis, it was also possible to study external proteins specifically bound to the bacterial surface. A group G streptococcus, strain G 148, showed protein peaks corresponding to its known specific binding of human albumin and immunoglobulin G, but also additional protein peaks. When Staphylococcus aureus, strain Cowan I, was pre-incubated with human serum in excess, protein peaks corresponding to heavy and light chains of immunoglobulins were seen. Three more protein peaks of serum origin were also detected, indicating binding of proteins other than Ig to S. aureus. Experiments with protein A-coated Sepharose beads resulted in the same protein pattern, suggesting that binding of these different polypeptides is indeed mediated by protein A. PMID- 7257774 TI - The anaerobically cultured cecal flora of adult fowls that protects chickens from Salmonella infections. AB - In this work we have analyzed the bacterial composition of anaerobically cultured cecal contents (mixed broth culture) of adult fowls previously shown able to protect 1 day old chickens from oral Salmonella infections. All four cultures studied in this paper gave complete protection against Salmonella infantis when used undiluted or in the 10(-2) dilution and at least some protection in the 10( 4) dilution. The total aerobic as well as anaerobic counts on the nonselective medium used (VLMH) were of the order of 10(8) viable organisms/ml indicating that the mixed broth culture consisted predominantly of facultative organisms. From a total of 239 colonies isolated on the basis of colony morphology 66 were obligate anaerobes and 173 facultative anaerobic or microaerophilic species. Isolates were selected from each medium. They were grouped and tentatively classified on the basis of their ability to grow on selective media, their colony and cell morphology. Gram stain and products formed from glucose fermentation (obligate anaerobes). Further characterization was performed using conventional carbohydrate fermentation and biochemical tests. However only a minor fraction of the anaerobic isolates could be identified as being identical to known species. The most numerous species were E. coli and various Lactobacilli which were still found in the highest dilution (10(-8)) of the broths. Fecal streptococci were the next most frequent, isolated at the 10(-7) dilution. The obligate anaerobes isolated included Gram-positive cocci and Gram-positive and -negative rods tentatively classified as Eubacteria, Propionibacteria, Clostridia, Fusobacteria and Bacteroides. A large number of them were isolated from the 10(-6) dilution and some species of Eubacteria and Clostridia could only be recovered from the 10(-3) or 10(-4) dilutions. PMID- 7257775 TI - Solid phase anti-IgM ELISA for detection of rubella specific IgM antibodies. AB - IgM in the test sample was bound to anti-IgM on a solid phase consisting of a polystyrene microtest plate and rubella specific IgM antibody subsequently detected by incubation with crude rubella virus antigen and anti-rubella conjugate. High levels of rubella specific IgG, which decreased the sensitivity of an indirect ELISA for rubella IgM, did not interfere in the anti-IgM ELISA, whereas non-rubella IgM interfered by a competition for the anti-IgM on the solid phase. False-positive results owing to IgM rheumatoid factor could be prevented by the addition of aggregated IgG 0.1 mg/ml to the serum diluent. The median duration of the antibody response detected by the solid phase anti-IgM assay was 60 days (range 24-140) in test of serial serum samples from 17 patients with rubella. The assay appears suitable for routine diagnosis of postnatal rubella and will probably be particularly valuable for diagnosis of prenatal rubella. PMID- 7257776 TI - Genetic transformation in Streptococcus sanguis. Competence factor and competence factor inactivator. AB - Genetic transformation in Streptococcus sanguis is a complex, multi-step process, involving several factors. The competence factor (CF), occurring in the culture filtrates of some strains, is essential in streptococcal transformation, but other factors are also involved. The presence of serum during growth is not obligatory for the preparation of active culture filtrate, but serum increases the amount and duration of CF activity of some strains. The stability of the CF activity differs distinctly in filtrates prepared from various strains. This observation can be explained by the presence of a previously undescribed factor- names the competence factor inactivator (CFI)--which inactivates the CF in culture filtrates during the transforming experiment as well as during storage. The CFI is thermolabile and is estimated from the filtrates by heating (65 degrees C for 15 min). The properties of the CFI suggest that it may be a protein with enzymatic activity. The CFs from the strains Challis and 13b resist heating to 100 degrees C for 2 h, and are stable for at least 72 h if the CFI is absent or has been inactivated by heating. The CF activity in the filtrates is inactivated by pronase and chymotrypsin, suggesting that the CF may be of a polypeptide nature. PMID- 7257777 TI - Genetic transformation of Streptococcus sanguis. Further studies on the production and isolation of the competence factor. AB - Two new media were developed, containing only the dialyzable components of Todd Hewitt broth (TH) with (medium II) or without (medium IV) inactivated horse serum. The two media were used to detect activity of the competence factor (CF) and the competence factor inactivator (CGI) of Streptococcus sanguis, and in preliminary experiments of CF isolation. Because all the dissolved substances with molecular weight (mol. wt.) less than 12,000 can be removed from these media by dialysis, leaving the CF and possible other high mol. wt. substances formed by growth in the dialysis tube, the use of these media should facilitate the isolation of CF and other high mol. wt. substances involved in genetic transformation of S. sanguis. Dialysis experiments suggest a mol. wt. greater than 12,000 of the CFs of the strains Challis and 13b. The CF of strain 13b was further isolated by Sephadex gel filtration and was eluted in the fractions of low mol. wt. compounds. PMID- 7257778 TI - [Pharmacological studies on bimolane (AT-1727), a new antineoplastic agent (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257780 TI - [Studies on antitumor and antiviral compounds. VI. Synthesis of dl-beta phthalimido-alpha-n-butyraldehyde derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257779 TI - [Pharmacological studies on anti-asthmatic and anti-anaphylactic activities of the essential oil of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257781 TI - [Determination of impurities in anaesthetic ether by GC/MS method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257782 TI - [Studies on the quality of the antitussive drug Kebiding (4-morpholino-ethyl ester of 2-methyl-2-phenoxy-propanoic acid hydrochloride) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257783 TI - [Studies on the xanthones of Veratrilla baillonii Franch. I. Structures of veratriloside and veratrilogenin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257785 TI - [Determination of active principles in Chinese herbal drugs. III. Determination of catechin in Acacia catechu(L)Willd (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257786 TI - [Chemical identification of antibiotic 799 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257784 TI - [The effect of pyracrini phosphas on plasma primaquine level following combined administration to rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257788 TI - [The relationship between radioprotection and estrogenic action of nonsteroidal estrogens and related compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257787 TI - [Experimental studies on relationship of chemical structure of protocatechuic acid derivatives and cardiac oxygen consumption and coronary flow (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257791 TI - [PMR of synthetic flavones with methyl group on B ring (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257790 TI - [Synthesis of some flavonoid compounds with 3'- or 4'- substituted methyl group (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257789 TI - [Botanical and pharmacognostical studies of the Chinese drug "Shan-Wu-Gui" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257793 TI - [Studies on chemical constituents of Stephania longa L. (Menispermaceae) (I) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257792 TI - [TLC separation and densitometry of alpha-and beta-santonin in Artemisia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257794 TI - [Study on the mechanism of drug releases from microcapsules (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257795 TI - [The application of diffusion chamber culture of tumor cells in the screening of anti-tumor agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257796 TI - [Studies on antimalarials. I. Synthesis and antimalarial activities of some derivatives of 2,4-diamino-5-substituted amino pyrimidines and 2,4-diamino-6 methyl-5-substituted amino pyrimidines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257797 TI - [The synthesis of "methimidol" and its derivatives--a new antileptospirosis drug (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257798 TI - [Synthetic studies of contraceptive drugs. II. The synthesis of 16 alpha, 17 alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257799 TI - [Microbiological dehydrogenation of 3' -(5 alpha, 3 beta, 17 beta-dihydroxy andrastane-17 alpha)- propiolactone (V) by Nocardia sp -synthesis of spirolactone (II) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257800 TI - [Studies on the quantitative determination of farrerol in Man-Shan-Hong (Rhododendron dauricum T.)leaves (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257801 TI - [Mathematical analysis concerning the dosage regimen of intravenous infusion of two-compartment model drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257802 TI - [Morphological and histological studies on Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees. and comparison with four other Acanthaceae herbs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257803 TI - [The inhibitory effect of succinic acid on the central nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257805 TI - [GC/MS analysis of the essential oil of Backea frutrescens Linn (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257806 TI - [Properties of an anti-arthritic protide from porcine limb bones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257804 TI - [Studies on an aqueous soluble active constituent of Chuan-Shan-Long (Dioscorea nipponica Makino). I. Isolation and identification of p-hydroxy benzyl tartaric acid (piscidic acid) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257807 TI - [Some pharmacological properties of Jin Qiao Mai [Fagopyrum cymosum (Trev.) Meisn.] (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257809 TI - [Studies on antimalarial drug. II. The causal prophylactic activity of antimalarial in animal model. Part I. Plasmodium yoelii-Anopheles stephensi system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257808 TI - [The effects of Citrus aurantium and its active ingredient N-methyltyramine on the cardiovascular receptors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257810 TI - [Studies on antiimplantation drugs. I. Synthesis of some trifluoromethyl triphenylethylene derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257811 TI - [Study on antiimplantation drugs. II. Synthesis of 1-trifluoromethyl-1,2- diphenylethylenes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257812 TI - [Calcium alginate as matrix for sustained release tablets (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257813 TI - [The separation and determination of alkaloids in Sophora flavescens Ait. and its preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257814 TI - [Botanical investigation and chemical analysis of Chinese herbal medicines derived from the genus Rumex (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257815 TI - [Experimental studies on orally administered long-acting antimalarials. II. Observations on therapeutic and prophylactic effect of hydroxypiperaquine on rodent malaria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257816 TI - [Synthesis of aminoalkylthiophosphoric acids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257817 TI - [Synthesis of Schizandrin C analogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257818 TI - [Studies on Mosla soochowensis Matsuda. 1. Isolation and structure of mosloflavone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257819 TI - [A method for the determination or armillarisin A (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257820 TI - [Studies on the inclusion compound of dioxane with phtiobuzone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257821 TI - Effects of tartrazine of different contractile stimuli in guinea pig tracheal muscle. AB - Tracheal smooth muscle obtained from ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs contracted with micromolar concentrations of tartrazine and indomethacin. The contractions were slightly reduced by clemastine, but were completely blocked by the SRS-A antagonist FPL 55712. Arylsulfatase B, which is an enzyme that inactivates SRS-A, also abolished the contractions induced by tartrazine. Contractions induced by carbacholine, histamine, egg albumin and arachidonic acid were slightly reduced by indomethacin and tartrazine. Tartrazine like indomethacin inhibited the generation of thromboxanes from human platelets. We suggest that SRS-A plays an important role in the immediate hypersensitivity reactions of tartrazine and indomethacin in guinea pig trachea. PMID- 7257822 TI - Influence of chelating agents on toxicity and distribution of cadmium among proteins of mouse liver and kidney following oral or subcutaneous exposure. AB - Acute toxicity and organ distribution of cadmium was investigated in mice exposed to 1) single subcutaneous doses of 109Cd-labelled cadmium (3.2 mg (0.028 mmol)/kg b.wt.) alone or in combination with nitrilotriacetic acid, NTA (32 mg (0.167 mmol/kg b.wt.) or sodium tripolyphosphate, STPP (32 mg (0.087 mmol/kg b.wt.) and 2) single oral doses of cadmium (60 mg (0.53 mmol/kg b.wt.) alone or together with NTA (600 mg (3.14 mmol)/kg.b.wt.) or STPP (600 mg (1.63 mmol/kg b.wt.) Whole body retention of radiolabelled cadmium as well as mortality was registered in all groups during 20-21 days. Five hours after exposure, 3-4 mice in each group were killed and cadmium distribution among proteins in liver and kidney studied by gel chromatography on a G-75 Sephadex column. Organ concentration of cadmium was also determined at sacrifice of all other mice after an observation time of 20-21 days. A markedly increased mortality was observed during the first 24 hours after subcutaneous exposure to Cd + NTA (70%) or Cd + STPP (40%) compared to Cd alone (0%). On the contrary, no mortality was seen after oral exposure to Cd + NTA (70%) or CD + STPP (while oral exposure to Cd alone or with NTA resulted in a mortality of about 45% during the same observation time. Five hours after subcutaneous exposure, liver cadmium concentrations were equal in all mice and bound mainly to a low molecular weight protein (probably metallothionein). In kidney, concentrations were about twice as high in mice given Cd + NTA or CD + STPP compared to mice given Cd alone. More cadmium was transferred to the kidneys in the presence of chelating agents. This was further supported by the decreased liver/kidney cadmium concentration ratio between 5 hours and 21 days. The increased mortality in mice given Cd + NTA or Cd + STPP may be due to an initially high accumulation of cadmium in liver, which may exceed the upper limit for metallothionein synthesis, whereby toxic damage of the hepatic cells and leakage of cadmium from the liver would occur. Five hours after oral exposure, cadmium retention in organs of mice given Cd + STPP was 4-6 times lower than in mice given Cd alone, while mice given Cd + NTA had slightly higher organ concentrations. The binding of more cadmium to metallothionein in liver of Cd + STPP-exposed mice 5 hours after exposure, may be due to the lower accumulation of cadmium in these mice compared to those given Cd alone or CD + NTA, where cadmium was bound mainly to high molecular proteins in the liver. After 20 days, mice given CD + STPP has slightly higher body and organ retention of cadmium compared to mice given Cd alone. This may be due to a binding of cadmium to metallothione in these mice which is known to prolong the retention time of cadmium in tissue. PMID- 7257823 TI - Genetic differences in dimethylnitrosamine mutagenicity in vitro associated with mouse hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity induced by 3 methylcholanthrene. AB - The effects of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) pretreatment on metabolism and mutagenic activation of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) were studied with liver subfractions from two strains of mice differing genetically with respect to aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness. Both mutagenic activation and DMN N-demethylase activity segregated with aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase activity as a dominant trait in appropriate crosses between C57BL/6J (Ahb Ahb) and DBA/2J (Ahd Ahd) mice. DMN metabolism and mutagenicity were increased by MC-pretreatment in responsive Ahb Ahb and Ahb Ahd mice, but not in non-responsive Ahd Ahd mice. This indicates the involvement of the Ah locus in the genetic regulation of these activities in mice. Deuteration of DMN reduced mutagenicity and DMN N-demethylase activity by approximately 90 and 50 percent, respectively. PMID- 7257824 TI - Effect of hypophysectomy and adrenalectomy on 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake by rat hypothalamic synaptosomes and blood platelets. AB - The effect of adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy on 5-HT uptake by rat platelets and hypothalamic synaptosomes taken from the same animal was studies. The experiments were performed 1-2 weeks after the operations of the shamoperations. After adrenalectomy a significant decrease of 25% in 5-HT uptake by platelets was noted. In synaptosomes there was a similar trend, but the decrease was not significant. After hypophysectomy a significant 25% decrease in 5-HT uptake was observed both in platelets and in synaptosomes. These results suggest that corticosteroid hormones might mediate adaptive changes of 5-HT uptake both in synaptosomes and in blood platelets. Blood platelets have been used as a peripheral model of serotoninergic nerve terminal in studies concerning physiology of monoamines systems. But the present results suggest that also in some pathological conditions changes in platelet biochemistry could reflect those in the CNS neurones. PMID- 7257825 TI - Effect of repeated doses of hydroflumethiazide on renal excretion of electrolytes and uric acid in healthy subjects. AB - Urinary excretion of electrolytes and uric acid was investigated in six healthy subjects during repeated oral administration of 100 mg hydroflumethiazide (HFT) daily for seven days, and related to urinary thiazide excretion. Mean 24 hr urinary excretion of sodium and chloride increased 100% (P less than 0.02) after the first HFT-dose, whereas 24 hr-excretion values were at control level after the fourth and seventh doses. Mean 24 hr-urinary excretion of potassium was increased by 31% after the first HFT-dose (P less than 0.05) and by 47% after the fourth dose (P less than 0.05). After HFT was discontinued, mean urinary excretion rates of sodium and chloride dropped to 30% and that of potassium to 70% of control. In the state of fluid deficiency and elevated aldosterone concentration, there was a significant positive correlation between log excretion rate of HFT and excretion rate of sodium (r=0.68, P less than 0.002) calculated from excretion data 0-67, 6-12, and 12-14 hrs after the seventh dose. After the first dose of HFT, sodium excretion was also significantly correlated to log excretion rate of HFT (r=0.86, P less than 0.001) but was probably influenced by other factors as well. Mean serum concentration of uric acid increased significantly, but mean 24 hr-urinary excretion of uric acid was constant during HFT-treatment. PMID- 7257828 TI - Exploratory and socio-sexual behaviour in the male laboratory rat: a methodological approach for the investigation of drug action. AB - There is an increasing demand for appropriate methods for analysing the pharmacological and toxicological action of chemical agents on behavioural patterns. The present study describes a non-instrumental approach to the study of exploratory and socio-sexual behaviours in the laboratory male rat. The behaviours were differentiated in terms of latency of onset, incidence, frequency and duration. Castrated and intact males were tested under three defined test situations. One test was focused on exploratory behaviour and two tests in which the male encountered an oestrous female or a castrated male were set up to study social and sexual behaviours. A multivariate statistical method was used to analyse differences in the behavioural profiles observed in the different tests. The data show that simultaneous recording of several spontaneous behaviours may be a useful technique for investigating how a compound influences behavioural processes. PMID- 7257826 TI - Characterization of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake in sliced rat lung. AB - Slices of rat lung were incubated with tritiated 5-hydroxytryptamine and the tissue uptake of tritium was studied after separating the free and bound radioactivity by filtration on glass fiber filters. At 37 degrees a rapid uptake occurred during the first 10 min. After that time the uptake was less marked but it was still present after 60 min. The uptake was moderately potentiated by the MAO inhibitor iproniazid (3 micrometers) after 30-60 min. incubation. The 5 hydroxytryptamine uptake was inhibited by some uptake inhibitors, their order of potency beeing: clomipramine greater than imipramine greater than or equal to nortriptyline greater than or equal to cocaine greater than or equal to desipramine greater than maprotiline. At 0 degrees the uptake of 5 hydroxytryptamine was negligible. Non-linear regression analysis of uptake data indicated that 5-hydroxytryptamine was taken up by two different mechanisms. One of the uptake processes was saturated by high concentrations of 5 hydroxytryptamine and showed an apparent Km of 8 X 10(-7) M. The other uptake was linearly related to the 5-hydroxytryptamine concentration and could not be saturated even by concentration up to 5 X 10(-5) M of the amine. PMID- 7257829 TI - A keyboard data collecting device for behavioural recordings. AB - A keyboard data collecting device which makes it possible to record the duration, frequency and latency of ten different forms of behaviour simultaneously via direct observation, is presented. The device is simple to operate and easily built even in laboratories without advanced electronic knowledge. It makes the handling of extensive amounts of data easy, since a punched tape output of ASCII coded data is available for rapid computer processing. PMID- 7257830 TI - Mercury, arsenic, cadmium, selenium and zinc in human hair and salmon fries in Iceland. AB - Hair samples were taken from 58 persons living in five localities in Iceland as well as inside as outside areas with known volcanic and geothermal activities. Hg, As, Cd, Se and Zn were determined in the samples by neutron activation analysis. The As levels were uniformly low and the Hg levels were considered as rather low. The levels of Cd, Se and Zn were characterized as normal. For comparison Hg, Cd, Se and Zn were determined in salmon fries from four rivers, some of which have been affected by volcanic or geothermal activity. Hg levels in the fries were within normal limits and Zn levels were the same in the hair and salmon fries. The results indicated that salmon might accumulate Cd and especially Se. Volcanic and geothermal activity do not appear to increase the body burden of Hg in the Icelandic population. PMID- 7257827 TI - Effect of nicotinic and muscarinic drugs on amphetamine- and apomorphine-induced circling behaviour in rats. AB - The effect of drugs modulating the activity of nicotinic or muscarinic cholinergic receptors on the circling behaviour induced by amphetamine and apomorphine in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway was studied. Nicotine (0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously) significantly increased amphetamine-induced circling behaviour and tended to inhibit apomorphine-induced circling behaviour. Mecamylamine and pempidine (both 2 mg/kg intraperitoneally) slightly but significantly depressed the intensity of circling behaviour induced by amphetamine, but failed to modify the induced by apomorphine. Pilocarpine (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) clearly inhibited both amphetamine- and apomorphine-induced circling behaviour. Unlike pilocarpine, atropine (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally significantly increases the intensity of the circling behaviour induced by amphetamine and also to some extent that induced by apomorphine. Neither hexamethonium (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) nor methylatropine (1 mg/kg subcutaneously) modified the circling behaviour induced by either amphetamine or apomorphine. The results show that stimulation of central nicotinic and muscarinic receptors may have some opposite effects on the dopamine dependent circling behaviour. The presynaptic nicotinic cholinergic receptors on the terminals of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurones, stimulation of which may increase the release of dopamine, might be involved in the action of nicotinic drugs. The muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the striatum and/or in the substantia nigra might be involved in the action of muscarinic drugs. PMID- 7257832 TI - Uptake and egress of cadmium in cultures of cadmium-resistant and the corresponding "wild-type" cells. AB - Development of resistance against the highly toxic Cd++ion has been described earlier both in animals, cell cultures and in bacteria. In this paper we have tested if decreased intracellular concentration of Cd plays a role in resistance to Cd in three mammalian cell cultures. The cells originated from different tissue and from two different species. Cd-resistant and corresponding "wild-type" strains were used. The results from all three lines show essentially the same, namely that there is no significant difference in Cd content between the Cd resistant and the non-resistant cells. The resistant cells from all three lines grow continuously with a cellular Cd-content which is several times higher than that killing all cells of the non-resistant "wild-type". PMID- 7257831 TI - Alterations in human memory following acute maprotiline, diazepam and codeine administration. PMID- 7257833 TI - Toxic effects of violamycin Bi, carminomycin and daunorubicin on the myocardium of rabbits. AB - Cardiac toxicity of the new anthracycline antitumour antibiotics violamycin BI (V) and carminomycin (C) was studied in comparison with daunorubicin (D). Rabbits were intravenously given total doses of 0.1-1.5 mg/kg V or C, and 0.64-18 mg/kg D, respectively, twice weekly for one month. When examined two to six days, two and four weeks, respectively, after the last drug administration the gross findings consisted of hydropericard, hydrothorax and ascites in some animals. Histologically, loss of striation and focal necrosis of cardiac muscle cells and subsequently chronic inflammatory reactions and/or proliferation of mesenchyma cells were mostly found. These alterations were somewhat more pronounced in rabbits treated with V than in animals received D or C. At equitoxic doses of the antibiotics tested the ultrastructural lesion in the myocardial cells were altogether less marked after treatment with D than with C or V. PMID- 7257835 TI - Effect of indomethacin on the function of acutely isolated (denervated) and in situ (innervated) kidneys. PMID- 7257836 TI - Spatial interactions of opposite vasomotor reflexes. AB - The simultaneous interactions of pressor and depressor reflexes evoked by stimulation of the central ends of the vagal, tibial and median nerves were studied in urethan and chloralose-urethan anaesthetized cats. The responses obtained to simultaneous activations of opposite reflexes differed from the algebraic sum of the separately evoked ones. The direction and the extent of the differences were determined by the type of the prevailing neural process and by the size of the individual reflex responses. The relations between the responses evoked simultaneously and separately may be characterized by multiple linear regression. PMID- 7257834 TI - Manganese toxicity: lipid peroxidation in rat brain. AB - Albino rats were given intraperitoneally manganese chloride (Mn2+, 4mg/kg) daily for a period of 30 days. Manganese significantly inhibited the lipid peroxidation potential of treated rat brain without altering the contents of iron and ascorbic acid, the two prooxidant factors. In vitro lipid peroxidation studies in the fresh and heated brain homogenates showed almost a non-enzymatic mechanism of inhibition by this metal ion. 30 micrometers Mn2+ concentrations completely inhibited the formation of malonaldehyde (MDA) at 3 hours of incubation. Iron was found to reverse, to some extent, the effect of manganese on in vitro lipid peroxide formation in the mitochondrial fraction of brain and at concentrations of 5 micrometers Fe2+ the amount of MDA formed is comparable to that observed with 1 micro meter Fe2+ in the mitochondrial fraction without manganese. These observations suggest that the central nervous system toxicity of manganese may not be associated with accelerated in vivo lipid peroxidation. However, the mechanism of iron induced reversal on in vitro inhibition of lipid peroxidation by manganese is not understood, at present. PMID- 7257837 TI - Distribution of cholinesterases of rabbit skeletal muscle. AB - Two cholinesterase (ChE) fractions were extracted from homogenates of rabbit skeletal muscle. One of them the sarcoplasmic ChE could be dissolved quantitatively with solution A. Following the extraction with solution B the myofibrillar ChE fraction could be recovered. The ChE-activity of the sarcoplasmic extract was about 38% and the activity of myofibrillar extract was about 50% of the ChE-activity of muscle homogenates. According to our calculations about 10-12% of the total ChE-activity is insoluble. By the aid of PAGE seven zones of ChE-activity could be distinguished in the sarcoplasmic extract. The activity of myofibrillar ChE-fraction was obtained by chromatographic purification of LMM. The LMM1 proved to be inhomogeneous with PAGE, however, only one fraction displayed ChE-activity. Immune-serum produced against myosin did not give reaction with purified sarcoplasmic ChE, only with the myofibrillar fraction. Our results suggest that the heterogeneous distribution of muscle ChE-es in different molecular forms is not an artifact. PMID- 7257838 TI - The developing mesencephalic reticular formation: changes in responsiveness during ontogeny of the rat. AB - Multiunit activity (MUA) of the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) was recorded on freely moving 1 to 21-days-old young as well as adult rats. Consistent state-dependent changes in the frequency of amplitude discriminated cell discharges were observed in association with wakefulness and sleep cycle from the first day of life, and MRF neuron populations were found to gain adult like functional characteristics of spontaneous activity by the 9th-11th postnatal day. MRF units were capable of responding to somatosensory, visual and acoustic stimulation by a significant activation from Day 1. As development proceeded, rate of responsiveness appeared to increase, however, MUA responses to different sensory modalities exhibited different developmental time-courses. High rate of responsiveness to somatosensory stimulation was characteristic of the newborn rat. Magnitude of somatosensory responses increased remarkably during the first three postnatal days reaching adult values around this age and only moderate alteration of response patterns could be detected afterwards. The MRF MUA responses to visual and acoustic stimulation increased during the first week of life and, following a striking decline of responsiveness occurring at the time of opening of eyes and external auditory meati (Day 13), visual and acoustic responses gained the adult properties by the 17th-19th postnatal day. PMID- 7257839 TI - Changes of electrical activity and surface potassium concentration of the brain during ischaemia and reperfusion. AB - Electrical activity and surface potassium ion concentration of the dog brain showed characteristic changes during acute ischaemia caused by 1-to 5-min occlusion of the aorta and during subsequent reperfusion. The present results show that (1) brain surface potassium concentration increases slowly during ischaemia, however, a sudden elevation ensues 3.07 +/- 1.03 min after the start of occlusion; (2) the higher the arterial glucose level is, the later this steep elevation of potassium concentration develops; (3) restitution of electrical activity of the brain during reperfusion, after an ischaemic period when potassium concentration was significantly elevated, occurred significantly later than during reperfusion after an ischaemic episode when the increase of surface potassium concentration was only moderate. PMID- 7257840 TI - Effect of fluorine content of drinking water on fluorine concentration of foods. AB - Foods originating from areas where the drinking water contains 1 mg F per litre since at least 30 years were examined for their fluorine content. In the F content, no difference was found between raw vegetables, cereals, and dishes of cooked meat whether they originated from areas where the drinking water was F poor or containing 1 mg F per litre, despite the fact that in the latter areas the vegetable gardens were watered regularly with this F-rich water for 3 decades. The mean F content of the foods originating from the F-rich water for 3 decades. The mean F content of the foods originating from the F-rich areas were 0.28 mg per kg, 0.27 mg per kg, and 0.27 mg per kg, respectively. The mean F content of soups from F-rich places was 1.5 mg per kg, and that of the dishes of cooked vegetables, though lower, was still high enough: 0.40 mg per kg. It is pointed out that watering with water containing 1 mg F per litre does not increase the F content of the foods. The higher F content found in the foods and cooked vegetables came from the drinking water used for cooking. PMID- 7257841 TI - Shock-induced cytoplasmic NADH fluorescence changes in the living cat brain cortex: effect of dexamethasone. AB - The effect of dexamethasone administration on cerebrocortical NADH fluorescence, blood flow and blood volume, intracellular oxygen tension and electrocorticogram (ECoG) was studied in anaesthetized cats in two sets of experiments. Haemorrhagic shock was induced by stepwise decrease of mean arterial blood pressure from the control level a to 80, 60 and 40 mmHg. The bleeding was followed by reinfusion of the shed blood. The method of producing shock was identical in the untreated and dexamethasone treated groups. Dexamethasone was administered in the control period. The results are summarized as follows: (a) Dexamethasone, given in pharmacological doses failed to alter blood flow or blood volume, NADH fluorescence and the intracellular oxygen tension in the cerebral cortex of the cat; (b) Haemorrhagic shock resulted in a marked increase of cytoplasmic NADH fluorescence in the untreated group, while these changes were much smaller in the dexamethasone pretreated animals; (c) Dexamethasone pretreatment significantly reduced the extent of shock-induced cortical vasodilatation. In some experiments the brain cortex became ischaemic at 40 mmHg MABP; (d) Dexamethasone pretreatment failed to eliminate the shock-induced decrease in cortical intracellular oxygen tension and the irreversible deterioration of ECoG. It is suggested that the decrease in cortical cytoplasmic NAD reduction and the concomitant lactate acidosis might be involved in the ability of dexamethasone to control oedema during shock and other pathological conditions. PMID- 7257842 TI - Oedema-inhibiting effect of procyanidin. AB - The magnitude of rat-paw oedema induced with serotonin, carrageenin or prostaglandin E1 is decreased to a statistically significant extent with the naturally-occurring procyanidin. In the case of carrageenin-oedema, procyanidin is about twice as effective as phenylbutazone. Procyanidin applied intraperitoneally in doses of 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg, exerted no influence on the blood pressure of rats. When, however, it was injected intravenously, a dose of 35 mg/kg caused a slight decrease in the blood pressure of the anaesthetized animal, while doses of 50-100 mg/kg led to long-lasting reduction of blood pressure. PMID- 7257844 TI - The effect of smooth muscle activation on the mechanical properties of pig carotid arteries. AB - The contractile properties and the effect of contraction on the mechanical properties of noradrenaline (0.5 micrograms/ml) activated smooth muscle of cylindrical segments of porcine carotid arteries were studied in vitro under quasi-static pressure loading. Maximum tangential isometric stress developing in the vessel wall was 4.4 +/- 0.6 X 10(5) dyn/cm2. Incremental elastic modules of activated smooth muscle, calculated for total wall cross sectional area, was 4.6 +/- 2.7 X 10(6) dyn/cm2, whereas the value computed for estimated smooth muscle thickness was 9.8 +/- 14.8 X 10(6) dyn/cm2. During smooth muscle activation maximum increase of strain-energy density of the vessel wall was 6.8 +/- 1.2 X 10(4) dyn/cm2 under isometric conditions and 25 +/- 3% increase occurred under isobaric conditions. Isobaric diameter response was only 2--4% in the physiological pressure range (100--150 mmHg) while the incremental elastic modulus decreased by 40 +/- 3% and distensibility increased by 80 +/- 10% under isobaric conditions. Smooth muscle activation induced a 19 +/- 2% maximum decrease of characteristic impedance, and a rather a uniform 14--15% decrease in the impedance was observed in the 100--150 mmHg pressure range. The obtained results show that the control of distensibility and elastic modulus in smooth muscle is most efficient in the physiological pressure range under in vitro conditions. It is assumed that in vivo in addition to vascular diameter the most important controlled parameters are the distensibility and characteristic impedance of the large arteries. PMID- 7257843 TI - Purification and phosphate content of slow-twitch human myosin and its possible role in the maintenance of muscle function. AB - In the present study the phosphate content of a slow-twitch human muscle myosin was investigated and compared with other myosins. It was found that, similar to myosin of the skeletal muscle of the rabbit, the total and labile phosphate content of this human myosin varied depending on the load previously imposed on the muscle. The labile phosphate content thought to be important in the course of contraction ranged between 4 and 8 mol, which might be explained by the different load applied on the preparations in study. These data were compared with those obtained in a fast-twitch human myosin and the changes in its phosphate content appeared to support the hypothesis put forward on the basis of recent studies on slow-twitch myosin. PMID- 7257845 TI - Data on aerobic efficiency of running. AB - Aerobic efficiency characterized by the amount of oxygen consumed, per kg of b.w. and per meter of distance while running at a steady pace of 12 km/h (in children 10 km/h) attained 0.18--0.21 in trained athletes over 16 years of age and 0.23- 0.25 in children. Trained children had only marginally better efficiency than the untrained schoolchildren, and there was no significant difference among values found in the athletes, which can be explained by their experience in running. The larger was the fibre area in the thigh muscle of sprinters, the worse was the aerobic efficiency, while in long distance runners there was no correlation between these two parameters. Taking the error VO2 measurements into account, it is rather doubtful that "routine" determination of aerobic efficiency has any diagnostic value. PMID- 7257846 TI - Prostaglandin-dependent changes in renal haemodynamics and excretory patterns before and after release of 24 hours bilateral ureteral ligation. AB - In the anesthetized dog during and 1 hr after release of 24 h bilateral ureteral ligation (BUL) renal blood flow (RBF) decreased to 44 and 51%, respectively, as compared with normal controls. After release there was a marked increase in sodium and water excretion, so-called postobstructive diuresis (POD), in spite of a considerably reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Radioactive microspheres revealed a proportionate decrease of perfusion in all cortical layers before, and inward shifting after release of the ligature. Inhibition of intrarenal prostaglandin (PF) synthesis by indomethacin (IM) before release of BUL led to a further pronounced decrease in RBF both in the pre- and postrelease phases, characterized by a proportionate decrease of perfusion in all cortical layers. Fractional excretion of sodium and water remained moderately increased in spite of a very pronounced hypofiltration. It is assumed that, in contrast to PG dependent changes in renal haemodynamics due to BUL, enhanced sodium and water excretion (POD) are due to a PG-independent mechanism, most probably to some natriuretic substance produced and/or accumulated during 24 h complete retention. PMID- 7257848 TI - Angiography after temporary inhibition of blood flow followed by intraarterial 5 FU infusion in the treatment of liver metastases. AB - Temporary inhibition of the blood flow to the liver was performed in 20 patients with metastases by tightening slings around the hepatic artery for 16 hours. Infusion of 5-FU started two days later through a catheter in the gastroduodenal artery. The response to the treatment as revealed by angiography was swelling of the liver and necrosis of the metastases. Thirteen patients responded favourably to the treatment. Complications such as abscess formation, 5-FU leakage, thrombosis of the hepatic artery and development of aneurysm at the entry of the infusion catheter occurred in some patients. PMID- 7257849 TI - Ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. AB - Ultrasound examination was performed in 53 jaundiced patients; successful examination was accomplished in 48. Ultrasonography revealed mechanical biliary obstruction in 34 of 35 patients with obstructive jaundice. Dilatation of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary ducts or the gallbladder was not present in any patient with non-obstructive jaundice. The value of ultrasound examination in the differential diagnosis of jaundice is emphasized. PMID- 7257847 TI - Myocardial infarction in dogs, demonstrated by non-enhanced computed tomography. AB - The capability of non-enhanced and enhanced CT scanning of the heart without ECG gating to detect myocardial infarction in living dogs was explored. CT findings were correlated with those at post mortem. In large transmural infarctions, areas of lower attenuation were detected without contrast medium enhancement and appeared as defects when intravenous contrast medium was administered. The infarct size as estimated on each CT scan correlated closely with post mortem values. PMID- 7257850 TI - Hypotonic duodenography and secretin-CCK test in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease. AB - Sixty-five patients with possible pancreatic disease or long-lasting upper abdominal symptoms were examined by means of the secretin-CCK test and hypotonic duodenography. Both examinations were performed after one duodenal intubation. In patients with pancreatitis functional abnormalities were revealed in 85 per cent while the duodenography was abnormal in 43 per cent. In patients with carcinoma, 77 per cent had abnormal exocrine pancreas function and 70 per cent had abnormalities demonstrated at duodenography. The value of the two examinations for assessment of patients with upper abdominal symptoms and pancreatic disease is discussed. PMID- 7257851 TI - Comparison of image intensifier photofluorography and full-size radiography in abdominal angiography. AB - Physical properties of photofluorography using an image intensifier tube with an input field of 30, 23 or 17 cm and 100 mm film were analysed and compared with full-size film in abdominal angiography. Factors influencing the image quality are discussed. The quality of the 100 mm films comes rather close to that of full size films. When 17 and 23 cm input fields are sufficient, image intensifier photofluorography may replace full-size radiography. The 30 cm input field may be used in examinations of large vessels, to shorten exposure times in obese patients and in some special projections. PMID- 7257852 TI - Effect of catheter flush fluids on blood coagulation and aggregation of platelets. AB - The effect upon blood coagulation and aggregation of platelets of a polysaccharide catheter flush fluid (flush fluid E) was investigated and compared with isotonic saline and Isopaque Cerebral. The result indicates that flush fluid E does not activate the coagulation system. PMID- 7257853 TI - Prevention of crackle in double contrast examinations of the colon. AB - Crackle of the barium contrast during double contrast examinations of the colon probably results from a drying effect due to resorption of water. The duration of the examination should therefore be kept as short as possible and the patient should be well hydrated. The tendency to crackle can be decreased by increasing the molality of the barium enema by suspending barium contrast in 0.4% saline. PMID- 7257854 TI - Perceptibility of experimental and clinical lesions in the CT image with and without image processing. AB - The Ohio-Nuclear Delta 50 FS whole-body CT scanner and image filtering programs FI and SP:SMOOTH provided with the equipment were used to investigate how the perceptibility in the CT image of artificial lesions in a phantom and of liver lesions in patients was influenced by different reconstruction diameters, radiation doses and section thicknesses and by image filtering and different conditions of viewing. The perceptibility of both artificial and clinical lesions was considerably improved, especially in scans with a low radiation dose, when optimum viewing conditions and image filters were used. PMID- 7257855 TI - Discriminative power of Larsen's grading system for assessing the course of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In the classification of 18628 joints in 186 patients with rheumatoid arthritis during a follow-up of 3 to 12 years, the discriminative power of Larsen's scoring system was assessed. Obvious radiologic progression did not give rise to a change of grading in 9.5 per cent of the examinations. For investigations with a relatively short observation period, more detailed scoring systems should therefore be used. PMID- 7257856 TI - Bilateral dysplasia of the neck of scapula and associated anomalies. AB - Nine cases of bilateral dysplasia of the neck of scapula, combined with a varying degree of hypoplasia and varus position of the humeral head as well as enlargement of the acromion are described. The relation between the clinical and radiologic findings is analysed. Bilateral dysplasia of the neck of scapula with its associated anomalies seems to be a hereditary entity, producing only slight discomfort to the patient. It might be more common than previously assumed. PMID- 7257857 TI - Temporomandibular joint space in children without joint disease. AB - Bilateral assessment of the temporomandibular joint space in children without joint disease is reported. Twenty-eight children were examined with conventional radiography and 23 with tomography. High prevalence of asymmetric joint spaces with both techniques indicated that great care should be taken when using narrowing or widening of the joint space as a diagnostic criterion in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Other signs, such as restricted translation of the mandibular head, and clinical symptoms should be evaluated. PMID- 7257858 TI - Measurement of the shortening of the femur following immobilization of intracapsular hip fractures with the Deyerle device. AB - A method is described for measuring the shortening of the femur occurring in intracapsular hip fractures immobilized with the Deyerle device. The method is based on the appearance of the Deyerle instrument on routine films, but it can be adapted for use with other immobilizing techniques in intracapsular hip fractures. PMID- 7257859 TI - Electrolytic destruction of tissue in the normal lung of the pig. AB - Platinum electrodes were inserted by a percutaneous technique into the lungs of pigs. The direct current between the electrodes caused destruction of tissue by electrolysis. At the anode, chloride ions were oxidized to chlorine, which diffused into the surrounding lung tissues, creating lesions which were well demarcated and up to 30 mm in diameter. Various types of electrodes were tested, and the size of the lesion was observed to vary with electrode construction and with the dose given. PMID- 7257861 TI - Guidelines for the prescription of psychotropic drugs. PMID- 7257860 TI - The polysymptomatic melancholic as patient in the internist's office. PMID- 7257862 TI - Blood pressure, heart rate and plasma albumin in relatives of hypertensive patients. AB - A total of 1075 relatives of 106 individuals (probands) with treated essential hypertension and heredity for this disease have been investigated concerning the existence of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension or hypertensive diseases was near 50%. Of the decreased relatives, 77% had a positive history for hypertension. Of the decreased relatives with cerebrovascular diseases, 52% had expired before 65 years of age. We have examined 307 relatives of these probands. They had significantly higher systolic blood pressure, heart rate and serum albumin concentration than age- and sex- matched controls without heredity for hypertension and a screened population. Screening of relatives belonging to families with a high frequency of hypertension seems to have a potential practical value and may furthermore provide information about the etiology of the disease. PMID- 7257863 TI - The prevalence of secondary and curable hypertension. AB - The prevalence of secondary and curable hypertension was studied retrospectively in 1000 patients. The concept of "secondary hypertension" was used when hypertension was combined with a disease which may have affected the individual's blood pressure. When this definition was applied, 47 of the patients displayed some form of secondary hypertension: stenosis of the renal artery in 10, renoparenchymal disease in 21, hydronephrosis in 3, and endocrine hypertension in 13 (8 of the latter were using oral contraceptives). The blood pressure normalized in 11 and improved in 7 of these patients after operative treatment of the underlying disease or, when appropriate, discontinuance of intake of contraceptive pills. The incidence of secondary hypertension in this and other series is low, and the number of patients with curable hypertension is even lower. In the majority of cases, secondary hypertension can be diagnosed by anamnesis, physical examination and simple tests of blood and urine. If this basic investigation can be extended, the incidence of stenosis of the renal artery should be examined in the first place. Hypertension in young patient and in patients who are difficult to treat often justifies a more extensive investigation. PMID- 7257864 TI - Myocardial infarction in young subjects. AB - The occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) in subjects younger than 35 years of age is the subject of this work. The aims were to evaluate the validity of the diagnosis and to study the long-term prognosis for these patients. Through the central data register of all hospital discharges in the Uppsala hospital region (approximately 1.25 mill. inhabitants) 30 patient histories were obtained. They were carefully evaluated and all survivors were invited to an examination at the Department of Cardiology. The follow-up period from the initial hospital stay was up to 11 years. The hospital mortality among 14 subjects with MI and coronary atheromatosis was 29%, increasing to 43% in the follow-up period. Six of the seven investigated survivors in this group were symptom-free and full-time employed. Hyperlipoproteinemia, smoking and heredity for ischemic heart disease seemed to be the most important risk factors among the 14 subjects in this group. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the validity of diagnoses obtained from central data register. In ten patients the initial diagnosis had been incorrect. PMID- 7257865 TI - Bartter's syndrome: an autosomal recessive disorder? Study of four patients in one generation of the same pedigree and their relatives. AB - The diagnosis of Bartter's syndrome was established in four patients of one generation of the same pedigree. The proband affected with Bartter's syndrome appeared to have a brother and two first cousins, who are siblings, with the same condition. All four patients had hypokalemia, hyperreninemia, normal blood pressure and a diminished pressor sensitivity to angiotensin II. In contrast to most cases of Bartter's syndrome, the urinary excretion of prostaglandin (PG) E2 was not elevated. The parents and the siblings of the patients were studied in order to detect asymptomatic carriers of the disorder. Abnormal serum potassium levels, plasma renin activities, urinary PG excretions and pressor responses to angiotensin infusion were not found in these relatives. Although consanguinity could not be established between the parents of any of the couples, the distribution of the disorder in the two related families confirms the hypothesis that genetic factors play an important role in Bartter's syndrome and that it is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. PMID- 7257866 TI - Studies on kidney function in subjects exposed to organic solvents. II. The effect of desmopressin in a concentration test and the effect of exposure to organic solvents on renal concentrating ability. AB - The renal concentrating ability was studied in 11 subjects by means of 14-16 hours of fluid deprivations, alone and in combination with the vasopressin analogue desmopressin. The effect of desmopressin without fluid deprivation on urinary osmolality was also studied. The combination of desmopressin and fluid deprivation was not superior to fluid deprivation alone for the production of concentrated urine. Desmopressin alone was inferior to the other two methods. No difference in renal concentrating ability could be demonstrated after 14 hours of fluid deprivation, when comparing 118 subjects exposed to various organic solvents with 48 controls. PMID- 7257868 TI - Prevalence of raised Yersinia enterocolitica antibody titre in unselected, adult populations in Denmark during 12 years. AB - Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 4, serotype 0:3 is by far the most common human pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica subtype in Scandinavia. It is extraordinarily immunologically specific, and an elevated antibody titre greater than or equal 80 160 is known to indicate acute infection. This titre was measured in five population surveys conducted in 1967-78, including 3278 examined adult men and women. The prevalence of titre elevation greater than or equal to was 1.0% in 1967. In 1978 it was significantly higher, 7.7%, and also the individual course of the titre in a ten-year longitudinal survey showed a significant increase in this prevalence, indicating an increasing incidence of infection. Significant sex and age differences were seen, women and younger subjects being more frequently affected than men and older subjects. The prevalence of elevated titre showed a seasonal variation with a maximum in the spring and autumn. PMID- 7257867 TI - Evaluation of the sulphadimidine acetylator phenotyping test in patients with reduced renal function. AB - The acetylator phenotype of 53 hypertensive patients and 5 patients with ulcerative colitis was assessed by determination of the percentage acetylated sulphadimidine in serum and urine related to creatinine clearance. Of the 58 patients, 30 were slow and 27 rapid acetylators, one patient was indiscriminate. The fraction acetylated sulphadimidine excreted in urine tended to decrease with decreasing creatinine clearance in both slow and rapid acetylators. In a 6-hour serum sample, on the other hand, the fraction of acetylated sulphadimidine appeared to be independent of the glomerular filtration rate in rapid acetylators. In slow acetylators, however, the acetylators, fraction increased with decreasing creatinine clearance. The sulphadimidine between rapid and slow acetylators even in cases with severe renal insufficiency. Analyses of 6-hour serum samples are to be preferred but urine samples can also be used if corrected according to creatinine clearance. PMID- 7257869 TI - Mitral annulus calcification, systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet and outflow obstruction in two patients without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. An echocardiographic report. AB - Systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet (SAM) and concomitant left ventricular outflow obstruction (LVOFO) are commonly seen in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, SAM has also been described together with extensive anteroseptal wall infarction, pericardial exudation and in hypovolemic situations. This report presents two patients examined with M-mode echocardiography which demonstrates that SAM with LVOFO can also occur in association with mitral annulus calcification (MAC). A possible mechanism behind this entity would firstly be the anterior displacement of the mitral ring commonly seen in MAC. Secondly, extension of calcifications to the posterior wall will furthermore impair the LV contraction leading to loosely stretched chordae tendineae during systole and hence a motion of the anterior mitral valve along the blood stream (SAM) leading to LVOFO. PMID- 7257870 TI - Lactic acidosis during metformin treatment in an elderly diabetic patient with impaired renal function. AB - In recent years, lactic acidosis has been described in association with metformin therapy in diabetics. We report a fatal case in an elderly diabetic patient with impaired renal function and cardiac insufficiency. The patient presented with an elevated plasma metformin concentration and a concomitant digitoxin intoxication. PMID- 7257872 TI - The pathophysiology of acute renal failure after chlorprothixene overdosage. AB - Renal failure after an overdose of chlorprothixene has been attributed to a direct nephrotoxic effect of the drug. We report a carefully investigated case. No evidence of specific nephrotoxicity was revealed and we suggest that the renal failure is due to ischaemia during a transitory syncope, a well known side-effect of chlorprothixene. PMID- 7257871 TI - Secondary hematological changes mimicking the preleukemic syndrome. Report of two cases. AB - Two women with hematological and clinical features typical of the preleukemic syndrome, including low marrow myeloid colony and cluster formation in vitro, showed unexplained spontaneous improvement with normalization of both peripheral blood values and in vitro cloning efficiency after 2-4 years. One patient had and the other developed later an autoimmune disorder. It is therefore suggested that secondary hematopoietic changes might have mimicked the preleukemic syndrome. PMID- 7257873 TI - Connections between the hexon polypeptides in the two-dimensional hexon crystalline array. AB - Fine interhexonal connections were observed in high resolution electron micrographs of tight two-dimensional hexagonal crystalline arrays. Intrahexonal connections were found among the three polypeptides constituting the hexons. The length of the interhexonal connections was 2.73 mm, and their diameter 1.2 nm; that of the intrahexonal connections were 1.05 nm and 0.75 nm, respectively. The orientation of the hexons in a two-dimensional crystalline array corresponded to a corner to edge conjunction. One side of each of the three polypeptides, constituting a triangular hexon, corresponded to the sides of that hexon; their points of contact were the corners. A tentative diagram of the molecular arrangement of hexon polypeptides and of interhexonal connections was drawn up following analysis of the electron micrographs. It showed that parallel connections run to both ends of each polypeptide of a hexon, connected to one of the end parts of the two nearest polypeptides of the next hexon, as follows from the threefold symmetry. Thus, every hexon is joined to its six neighbours by six times two parallel connections. Two pairs of parallel connections enclose an angle of approximately 60 degrees. PMID- 7257874 TI - Klebsiella and Enterobacter strains derived from hospital infections. II. Occurrence and characterization of R-, Lac- and Col- plasmids and their clinical epidemiological significance. AB - A total of 269 hospital Klebsiella strains and 103 hospital Enterobacter strains showed 34 and 10 different antibiotic resistance patterns, respectively. Among multiple resistant Klebsiella and Enterobacter strains the Ap Sm Cm Tc resistance pattern was the most frequent (K. aerogenes). Antibiotic resistant strains carried R-plasmids in 27.5%. The presence of R-plasmids was demonstrable in 2.9% of single antibiotic resistant, in 12.8% of double antibiotic resistant, and in 71.4% of multiple antibiotic resistant Klebsiella strains. R-plasmid carriage was most frequent in strains of the species K. pneumoniae and K. atlantae. Transfer frequency of R-plasmids of multiple resistant strains was generally higher into Escherichia coli K12 recipient (10-1 to 10-2) than into K. pneumoniae recipient (10-3 to 10-5). Regarding the individual resistance determinants, transfer frequency of Km-Nm resistance was the highest (65.1%). The lac-plasmid was demonstrable in 18 out of the 77 R-plasmid carrying Klebsiella strains. R- and Lac-plasmids of single and multiple resistant Klebsiella strains could be transferred into E. coli and Klebsiella recipients in mice in vivo. As many as 67% showed fi- and 33% showed fi+ character among the demonstrated 112 R plasmids. Regarding their incompatibility, the studied five plasmids belonged to groups FI, FII and I alpha. Altogether 14 different groups could be distinguished among R-plasmids on the basis of their phage restriction capability on phage lambda and coliphages T, and another group of R-plasmids showing no restriction at all. Fi+ character was demonstrated in 54.5% of R-plasmids showing phage restriction capability and in 10.9% of R-plasmids showing no phage restriction. Nearly twice as many R-plasmids carrier strains were found among non-typable ones as among those typable by phages. Three R-plasmids showed phage-modification among 51 R-plasmids restrictive for phages. In addition to the phage-type of Klebsiella strains, R-plasmids can also be used as an epidemiologic marker. PMID- 7257875 TI - Characterization of a parvovirus strain isolated from human adenovirus type 12. AB - A parvovirus strain was isolated from type 12 human adenovirus. The parvovirus multiplied without helper virus in HEp-2 cell cultures, while its multiplication was enhanced by type 12 and type 18 adenoviruses. Haemagglutinating infective virions as well as soluble haemagglutinins were demonstrated by ultracentrifugation and gel filtration. Virus haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies were found in the sera of healthy rats, whereas sera of healthy persons did not contain antibodies. The parvovirus failed to cause illness in laboratory animals (hamster, mouse, guinea pig). PMID- 7257876 TI - Salmonella and shigella surveillance in Hungary 1972-1976. I. Salmonella surveillance. PMID- 7257877 TI - Klebsiella and Enterobacter strains derived from hospital infections. I. Correlation between species, phage type and antibiotic sensitivity. AB - Four hundred and seventy Klebsiella and 103 Enterobacter strains derived from urogenital infections, upper respiratory tract and wound infections were examined. (i) K. aerogenes was the most common among Klebsiella species, K. ozaenae and K. atlantae occurred frequently, K. pneumoniae, K. rhinoscleromatis, K. edwardsii and K. oxytoca were found rarely. The strains isolated from urine showed the most heterogeneous species distribution. Enterobacter species were in the order of frequency E. cloacae, E. liquefaciens, E. aerogenes. (ii) K. aerogenes strains belonged to 10, K. atlantae strains to 6 phage types; phage type II.A1 was the most frequent phage types. Typability varied between 23.7% and 48.0% with the different Klebsiella species, except K. edwardsii and K. oxytoca strains. None of the strains of these species were typable by phages. Among the Enterobacter species examined, only one E. liquefaciens strain was typable by phages. Strains of genus Enterobacter were lysed by the diagnostic phage C14 in 64%, no lysis was observed in the strains of genus Klebsiella. (iii) Multiple resistance was demonstrated in 36.6% of Klebsiella strains and in 16.5% of Enterobacter strains. The majority of the multiresistant strains was isolated from urine in both genera. Multiresistant strains belonged to the species K. aerogenes, E. cloacae and E. liquefaciens. Strains resistant to ampicillin were divided into 6 groups on the basis of cephaloridine and cephalothin resistance. The rate of multiresistant strains was higher among the Klebsiella and Enterobacter strains not typable by phages than in the typable ones. PMID- 7257878 TI - Effect of Bordetella pertussis vaccine on neonatally thymectomized mice. PMID- 7257879 TI - Effect of methicillin on the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The effect of two concentrations of methicillin on the distribution of fatty acid (FA) in the individual phospholipids of the middle-log phase cultures of Staphylococcus aureus 5814S sensitive to methicillin was studied during a period of 2 h. In the presence of 1/2 X minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methicillin (= 1 microgram/ml) the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) + branched fatty acid (BFA) to saturated fatty acid (SFA) in the phosphatidic acid (PA) and in the C55-isoprenylphosphate (C55-IP) became significantly higher due mainly to the accumulation of n-C12 : 3, ai-C17 : 0, and ai-C19 : 0, and to the fall of n-C14 : 0, n-C16 : 0, and n-C20 : 0 in the PA, and to the 3-fold increase in n-C12 : 3 and a 2-fold decrease in the SFAs of the C55-IP. In contrast, the ratio of UFA + BFA to SFA was smaller in the phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and lysylphosphatidylglycerol (LPG) than that of the control. The reduction was attributed to a loss of ai-C15 : 0 and a gain of n-C20 : 0 in the PG, and to the decrease in ai-C17 : 0 and to the increase in n-C20 : 0 in the LPG. On the whole, the fluidity of the membrane phospholipids decreased. In the presence of 1 X MIC of methicillin (= 2 micrograms/ml) the ratio of UFA + BFA to SFA became higher in the PA due mainly to the prevention of the release of n-C18 : 1. In all the other phospholipids the ratio of UFA + BFA to SFA was smaller than in the control of the same age. The decrease in the ratios ranged in the order of C55-IP, PG, diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and LPG. The changes were attributed to the decrease in the proportion of n-C12 : 3 and ai-C15 : 0 or ai-C17, and to the increase in n C20 : 0, except DPG. Thus the membranes in methicillin treated cocci were significantly less fluid than in the controls. PMID- 7257881 TI - The development of the ovary in the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus. AB - The ovary of a young wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, is filled with small follicles, which quickly become atretic. A follicle in an advanced stage of atresia leaves a hole, sometimes with demonstrable remnants of the oocyte or the granulosa cells. The secondary interstitial tissue of the ovaries appears first in association with these holes, possibly developing from the thecal cells. The presence of the secondary interstitial tissue was first observed in seven weeks old females. All the nine week old mice had well developed interstitial tissue. PMID- 7257880 TI - An experimental study on the morphogenesis of spina bifida. AB - This investigation was performed to study the morphogenesis of caudal meningomyeloschisis or spina bifida aperta during neurulation. Pregnant rats were treated wih trypan blue to induce these defects in the closure of the neural walls. Maternal serum was studied to determine trypan blue levels. Both control and treated embryos were examined grossly, at cellular and subcellular level on days 10 through 13 of gestation. Trypan blue was distributed throughout the maternal tissues. There existed a maternal blood-brain barrier and a barrier at the level of the visceral yolk sac and embryonic gut preventing passage of the dye through these entodermal structures. The interstitial space in the paraxial mesenchyme was considerably increased in day 10 treated embryos (6--7 somites) but cellular and ultrastructural changes were not seen. This accumulation of intercellular fluid was only seen in the restricted area of the mesoderm above the invaginating intra-embryonic entoderm. On day 11 the closure of the neural walls was completed in control embryos. In the treated embryos of the similar stages a blister which contained embryonic blood cells had replaced the interstitial mesenchymal fluid. This structural disturbance in the non-segmented mesenchyme interfered primarily with the neurulation and resulted in caudal meningomyeloschisis (spina bifida aperta). Trypan blue was thought to interfere with the function of the extra-embryonic membranes and the primitive gut. The results of this study supported the hypothesis of indirect teratogenic effect upon the embryo. PMID- 7257882 TI - Cranial differentiation in chick embryos with experimentally induced median facio cerebral anomalies. A preliminary note. AB - In an effort to answer the question whether prosencephalic neural crest cells play an essential part in the differentiation of the facial skeleton, in twenty 2 to 6-somite stage chick embryos the anteriormost part of the neural crest was eliminated. Observations on 10 of these embryos, sacrificed 2 hours after the microlaser irradiation, showed that often also some damage is done to the prosencephalic neural tissue. Among the remaining 10 embryos, 6 survived until the age of 12 days. One of these embryos showed unilateral microphthalmia, two bilateral microphthalmia, two synophthalmia and one cyclopia. In the microphthalmic embryos, the facial skeleton proved to have differentiated normally; in the other embryos, several facial bones were entirely lacking, while others only had developed rudimentarily. All affected eyes lacked a cartilaginous sclera. On the basis of these results, the question posed could not be answered. On the other hand, however, the experiments revealed that (1) prosencephalic neural crest cells are indispensable for a normal differentiation of the scleral cartilage, (2) elimination of the prosencephalic neural crest and a part of the prosencephalon does not affect the development of the mandible and the hyoid, and (3) the mesodermal mesenchyme bordering the prosencephalon, has no developmental capacities of its own. Finally, the craniofacial anomalies observed in the synophthalmic and cyclopic chick embryos, proved to be highly similar to the corresponding anomalies in man. PMID- 7257884 TI - Proceedings of the meetings of the Netherlands' Association of Anatomists 1979. PMID- 7257883 TI - [Effects of concanavalin A on neural induction in the young gastrula of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum Shaw. ) and pleurodele (Pleurodeles waltlii Michah.)]. AB - Presumptive ectoderm from young gastrulae of the Pleurodele and the Axolotl was treated with concanavalin A(5-25 micrograms/ml). Then, it was combined, in a sandwich, with the dorsal lip of the blastopore and cultured in vitro for 5-7 days. The results of the experiments show that the treated ectoderm becomes more fragile than untreated control ectoderm. Nevertheless, the neural induction and the histological differentiation of the neural tissue appeared in a rather normal fashion. PMID- 7257885 TI - Responses of tooth eruption and alveolar bone subject to somatic growth retardation in the rat. AB - The morphogenesis and regression of the osteodental fissure formed by alveolar bone in the maxillary and mandibular regions has been investigated in relation to eruption of the dentition during and following a period of somatic retardation stemming from nutritional suppression. Fissural formation occurred above the first and second molars of the maxilla and mandible, morphologically within normal limits but retarded by two days. During eruption a sequence of cuspal perforations of the alveolar bone took place behind the edge of the alveolar crest which later disintegrated as the bulk of the crown moved upwards. The appearance of the specific cusps of the experimental animals was two days behind that of the controls. Eruption through the oral mucosa was fairly rapid and the deficit noted in the bone emergence phase was reduced to one day. As in control animals, fissural formation did not occur over the third molars which were totally encapsulated by bone. Eruption of third molars in experimental animals was similar to control observations- no difference in timing and the removal of the encapsulating bone being achieved by the rapid enlarging of a wedge-shaped area at the mesio-occlusal aspect. Observation of eruption through alveolar bone is regarded as a more accurate assessment of changes in the early phases. PMID- 7257886 TI - [Psychophysiology of learning]. PMID- 7257888 TI - [Dissociation between verbal activity and perceptual-motor immaturity. Neuropsychological analysis of a case (problem of the Gerstmann syndrome]. PMID- 7257887 TI - [Dedication of the Library and Department of Computerized Axial Tomography at the Institute of Psychiatric Research]. PMID- 7257890 TI - [Hangers'-on in psychiatric hospitals]. PMID- 7257891 TI - [The 1,000-500 San Carlos Study. V. Frequency and duration of phases and intervals with respect to the unipolar-bipolar classification]. PMID- 7257892 TI - [Vemilionectomy]. PMID- 7257889 TI - [Retrospective analysis of the psychiatric complications of heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 7257893 TI - [Lip surgery]. PMID- 7257894 TI - Advances in dermatologic surgery. PMID- 7257895 TI - [Circumscribed angiokeratoma. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7257896 TI - [Surgical treatment of melanoma of the extremities]. PMID- 7257897 TI - [Cryotherapy of malignant cutaneous tumors. 5 years' experience]. PMID- 7257898 TI - [Hailey-Hailey disease]. PMID- 7257900 TI - [Cryosurgery in dermatology. I. Basic principles]. PMID- 7257899 TI - [Clinical picture in polymorphous light eruption]. PMID- 7257901 TI - [Nevil: Nevus Epidermalis Verrucosus Inflammatus Linearis]. PMID- 7257903 TI - [Gougerot-Carteaud confluent and reticulated papillomatosis]. PMID- 7257904 TI - [Preliminary communication on the treatment of psoriasis with anapsos]. PMID- 7257905 TI - [Lupus vulgaris tumidus]. PMID- 7257902 TI - [Social dermatology]. PMID- 7257906 TI - [Acrodermatitis enteropathica and pseudomonilethrix]. PMID- 7257907 TI - [Lupus vulgaris: facial disseminated papular form]. PMID- 7257908 TI - [Multiple hyperkeratotic angiomas]. PMID- 7257910 TI - Alcohol expectancy and stress: methodological concerns with the expectancy design. PMID- 7257909 TI - [Eosinophilic fasciitis]. PMID- 7257911 TI - Measurement of baseline drinking behaviour in problem-drinking probationers, drinking drivers, and normal drinkers. PMID- 7257912 TI - A framework for refining the diagnostic categorization of substance abusers. PMID- 7257913 TI - Expectations regarding the effects of alcohol on assertiveness: a comparison of alcoholics and social drinkers. PMID- 7257914 TI - Relative effects of nicotine and coffee on cigarette smoking. PMID- 7257915 TI - A validity test of the reasons for smoking scale. PMID- 7257916 TI - The effects of alcohol and the expectancy of alcohol on snake fear. PMID- 7257918 TI - Differences in the degree of overweight: a note on its importance. PMID- 7257917 TI - Subjective reactions to rapid and normal pace adversive smoking. PMID- 7257919 TI - Effects of self-reinforcement and self-punishment in smoking reduction: implications for broad-spectrum behavioral approaches. PMID- 7257920 TI - Alcohol abuse in the psychiatric hospital population. PMID- 7257921 TI - A social learning rationale and suggestions for behavioral treatment with American Indian alcohol abusers. PMID- 7257922 TI - Covert sensitization for smoking: in search of efficacy. PMID- 7257923 TI - Delay of gratification, locus of control, and eating patterns in obese and nonobese children. PMID- 7257924 TI - Effects of GABA metabolism on [3H]-GABA transport in synaptosomal preparations from rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 7257925 TI - Comparison of the uptake processes of taurine, hypotaurine, and GABA. PMID- 7257926 TI - Potassium-stimulated release of taurine, hypotaurine, and GABA from brain tissue in vitro. PMID- 7257928 TI - Action of GABA on hippocampal neurons. AB - During low frequency stimulation of various neural pathways, intracellular recording from rat hippocampal neurons in situ reveals large IPSPs characterized by a large conductance increase and potential changes that are highly sensitive to the Cl- gradient. GABA (but not glycine) produces comparable increases in conductance as well as potential changes which reverse at about the same level as the IPSPs. Therefore GABA has all the properties of the physiological inhibitory transmitter. IPSPs and the effects of GABA show a pronounced desensitization which could account for the spectacular facilitation of firing that is observed during repetitive action of hippocampal units. PMID- 7257927 TI - In vivo release of newly synthesized GABA in the basal ganglia of the cat. PMID- 7257930 TI - 4-Aminopyridine reveals presynaptic GABA actions in rat sympathetic ganglia. PMID- 7257929 TI - Depolarizing postsynaptic actions of GABA in the rat dentate gyrus. PMID- 7257931 TI - New insights into the mechanism of action of inhibitory amino acids on frog spinal neurones. PMID- 7257932 TI - Opposite effects of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin and picrotoxin on GABAergic inhibition in crayfish stretch receptor. PMID- 7257933 TI - Glutamate actions on crustacean muscle. PMID- 7257934 TI - Opposing actions of convulsants and anticonvulsants on GABA responses of crayfish stretch receptors. PMID- 7257935 TI - Evaluation of the role of cortical GABA in the induction of abnormal involuntary movements in rats. PMID- 7257936 TI - GABA and muscimol binding processes in CNS tissue culture preparations. PMID- 7257937 TI - The terms "high affinity" and "high capacity" as conceptions in the interaction of amino acids with synaptic membranes. PMID- 7257939 TI - Development of GABA-accumulating neurons and glial cells in the rat visual cortex. PMID- 7257938 TI - Effect of gamma-vinyl GABA alone or associated with diazepam on a conflict test in the rat. PMID- 7257940 TI - Autoradiographic and immunocytochemical evidence for the existence of GABAergic neurons in the nucleus raphe dorsalis--possible existence of neurons containing 5HT and glutamate decarboxylase. PMID- 7257942 TI - An alternate CSA pathway regulating taurine metabolism? PMID- 7257941 TI - Extracellular calcium and potassium changes in mammalian neocortex. PMID- 7257943 TI - Inhibitory amino acids and periodic discharges of respiratory neurons in the medulla of the cat. PMID- 7257944 TI - Sialadenosis and sialadenitis. Pathophysiological and diagnostic aspects. PMID- 7257945 TI - Is the lung parenchyma strip a true airway preparation? PMID- 7257946 TI - The direct excitatory effects of cimetidine on the smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum. AB - 1. Cimetidine produced dose-dependent contractions in isolated guinea pig ileum and these responses were not blocked by mepyramine the H1-receptor antagonist. 2. Atropine competitively inhibited the cimetidine-induced contractions in the guinea pig ileum. 3. Cimetidine-induced responses were potentiated in the presence of eserine. Magnesium ions non-competitively inhibited the contractions due to cimetidine. Our findings suggest that cimetidine excites the guinea pig ileum through muscarinic receptors by releasing acetylcholine. PMID- 7257947 TI - Factors influencing lung histamine content. AB - Histamine is an important amine within the lung. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate in rats the factors that affect the measurement of lung histamine concentration. We found that the lung content was not clearly altered by pentobarbital anesthesia or by freezing of the lung. Heparin administration and inhalational ether anesthesia appeared to result in elevated lung histamine contents by an unknown mechanism. Pulmonary edema rapidly lowered the histamine content. The histamine content is better related to DNA content than to the amount of protein in the lung. PMID- 7257948 TI - Further characterization of the guinea pig left atrial tension response to histamine by use of selective agonists. AB - 1. The responses of guinea pig left atrial tension and right atrial rate to histamine receptor agonists and histamine were compared. 2. Single doses of histamine and another non-selective agonist, N,N-dimethylhistamine, produced biophasic inotropic responses, with an initial increase in tension and a secondary sustained tension increase separated by a negative inotropic component. 3. Selective H1-receptor agonists -- 2-methylhistamine, 3-methylhistamine and 2 pyridylethylamine (2-PEA) -- also exhibited biphasic inotropic responses. 2-PEA did so only after blockade with propranolol or in atria from reserpine-pretreated animals, indicating an additional release of endogenous catecholamines which masked the biophasic response. 4. Selective H2-receptor agonists -- 4 methylhistamine and dimaprit -- failed to produce biphasic responses except at high concentrations only in the case of 4-methylhistamine. 5. The biophasic responses were converted to monophasic responses by mepyramine. This was a result of antagonism of the initial positive component and the secondary negative component which were therefore mediated via H1-receptors. The production of a biphasic inotropic response therefore depends upon these two components which were exhibited preferentially by the H1-receptor-selective agonists. PMID- 7257950 TI - Selective effects of immunosuppressive agents against the delayed hypersensitivity response and humoral response to sheep red blood cells in mice. AB - The effects of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, procarbazine, and azathioprine on the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and antibody response to sheep red-blood cells were studied in mice. All the compounds inhibited the antibody response. Using appropriate dosage schedules, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and procarbazine either potentiated or had no effect on DTH. In contrast, azathioprine inhibited the DTH response as measured 24 h after challenge but potentiated the DTH response measured 48 h after challenge. This system provides a convenient means of searching for drugs with selective effects on either DTH or antibody production. PMID- 7257949 TI - Fluorometric determination of peripheral tissue histamine levels using Bio-Rex 70. AB - Bio-Rex 70, a weak cation exchange resin, has been incorporated into a column chromatographic extraction procedure for the determination of peripheral tissue levels of histamine. The extracted histamine is quantified fluorometrically after condensation with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPT). The sensitivity of the procedure allows for the chromatographic extraction, using Bio-Rex 70, of 10 ng histamine to give fluorescence twice that of the blank. Because this extraction procedure does not separate histamine from spermidine it cannot be applied in determining levels of brain histamine. However, because spermidine in concentrations of up to 400 times that of histamine does not interfere with OPT-histamine fluorescence, the histamine levels of all peripheral tissues (including nerves) and fluids may be confidently examined. The relative simplicity of the procedure allows for the determination of 30 tissue samples within a working day. The method has been applied to determine peripheral tissue levels of histamine in naive Wistar rats and the effects of compound 48/80 on these levels in several selected tissues have been investigated. Compound 48/80 decreased the levels of histamine in the heart, kidney and ileum, whereas these levels were initially elevated in the liver and lung without subsequent depletion. Since the reliability of existing histamine extraction procedures is questionable under certain conditions, it is suggested that the use of Bio-Rex 70 is a valuable addition in evaluating the possible physiological role(s) of tissue histamine. PMID- 7257951 TI - Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of L-glutamine. AB - It was established that L-glutamine, an aminoacid, has marked anti-inflammatory activity and moderate analgesic activity. The drug was effective orally in suppressing various experimentally induced inflammatory reactions and did not show any gastric irritation in anti-inflammatory doses. It is observed that the anti-inflammatory effect of L-glutamine is not due to counter irritant action. It is suggested that it may partially mediate its anti-inflammatory activity by interfering with the action and/or synthesis of prostaglandins. Its anti inflammatory activity is comparable to that of phenylbutazone and merits further study. PMID- 7257952 TI - Inability of ubiquinones to stimulate resistance of mice against infection with Listeria monocytogenes. PMID- 7257954 TI - Treatment of experimental poly-D-lysine arthritis in rabbits by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds. AB - The effect of five non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds on experimental poly D-lysine arthritis in the rabbit knee joint have been determined. Two non invasive methods of assessing the inflammation, measurement of swelling and temperature have been used to follow the effect of treatment. The rank order of potency for the reduction of temperature was indomethacin greater than flurbiprofen greater than diclofenac sodium greater than sulindac greater than fenclofenac. Reduction in joint temperature was shown not be be due to vasoconstrictor effect. Reduction of swelling was variable and not dose-related. The method described allows the activity of such compounds on experimental articular arthritis to be determined rapidly. PMID- 7257953 TI - Two simple methods for the evaluation of topically active anti-inflammatory steroidal ointments. AB - Simple laboratory methods for quantitating the topical anti-inflammatory activity of steroidal ointments are described. One is of croton oil ear edema in rats and the other is a new method using homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats. In order to avoid problems such as the animals' licking and/or rubbing the ointment at the applied sites, which might result in oral uptake, each rat was housed individually and fitted with a plastic collar in the croton oil experiment. The sites of ointment application in the PCA experiment were covered with adhesive plaster. Optimal experimental conditions were as follows. In the former method, ointments were applied to the inside surface of the ear 5 min after the irritant treatment and anti-edematous activity was determined after 6 h. In the latter, ointments were applied 3 h before the antigenic challenge to the dorsal area of animals which had been passively sensitized by anti-serum, and inhibition of the increased permeability was determined 45 min after the challenge. These methods were found to be reliable with respect to sensitivity and reproducibility of data. Ointments of halcinonide, betamethasone-17-valerate, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate, fluocinonide, flumethasone-21-pivalate and beclomethasone-17,21-dipropionate were evaluated by these methods. PMID- 7257955 TI - Relationship of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in platelets to anti aggregatory and anti-inflammatory activity of some benzoic acid derivatives. AB - The relationships between inhibition of platelet prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and aggregation, and suppression inflammation were investigated with a number of benzoic acid (aspirin-like) chemicals. The compounds studied were 2-acetylbenzoic acid (ABA), 3-methylphthalide (3-MP), 3-propionyloxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and 2 propionyloxybenzoic acid (2-PBA). At 0.5--0.6 mM, 3-MP inhibited the second phase of ADP-induced aggregation in human platelets, and reduced collagen-induced aggregation by 50%. Previous studies have shown 2-PBA to inhibit aggregation at similar concentrations. In contrast, ABA required 10 times higher concentrations, and low concentrations actually potentiated aggregation. Inhibition of PG synthesis from 14C-arachidonic acid (AA) by human platelets was shown for 2-PBA, but not to 3-BPA, or ABA. At high concentration (1 mM), 3-MP showed modest inhibitory activity. Significant inhibition of AA aggregation was produced by ASA (83%), 2-PBA (76%) and 3-MP (69%), an order reflecting their inhibition of PG synthesis, where ABA and 3-PBA did not inhibit AA aggregation. Carrageenin induced edema of the rat paw was suppressed by 3-MP, ABA and 2-PBA; all being roughly equipotent with aspirin. In contrast, 3-PBA did not suppress edema. Following oral administration of the drugs to rats, PG synthesis from labeled AA by rat platelets showed similar profiles to effects of the drugs on PG synthesis in human platelets. This suggests that biotransformation or species differences are not explanations for the observed differences in activity in the various test systems. The results indicate that, in a related series of chemicals there is not a good correlation between ability to inhibit platelet PG synthesis, anti aggregatory activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Multiple mechanisms of action, differing sensitivities of various tissue PG synthetases, or unidentified factors could be involved. PMID- 7257956 TI - Dipyridamole suppresses uptake of thymidine in human and bovine cells in vitro. AB - Dipyridamole has been shown to induce proliferative activity in heart muscle capillary wall cells in the rat. To test whether this effect is due to direct cellular stimulation we tested the substance in various in vitro systems (human lymphocytes, glial cells and endothelial cells; and bovine endothelial cells). During these conditions dipyridamole did not influence cellular proliferation. In all cell systems tested, uptake of labelled thymidine showed an inhibition by dipyridamole. This confirms the earlier finding that dipyridamole inhibits nucleoside uptake, and extends the finding to human cells. PMID- 7257958 TI - Bioinorganic interactions. PMID- 7257957 TI - Ethanol as an arrhythmogen and an antiarrhythmic agent with reoxygenation arrhythmias of cultured heart cells. PMID- 7257960 TI - [Intraocular transportation of betamethasone following systemic administration (preliminary report) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257959 TI - Metal binding by pharmaceuticals. Part 1. Copper(II) and zinc(II) interactions following ethambutol administration. AB - Formation constants for copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of dextro-2,2' (ethylenediimino)-di-1-butanol (ethambutol) and its metabolic oxidation product, 2,2'-(ethylenediimino)-dibutyric acid (EDBA) have been measured potentiometrically at 37 degrees C, I = 0.15 mol dm-3 [NaCl]. The constants are used in computer models to assess the extent of the formation of these complexes in vivo. These simulations indicate that whereas ethambutol forms metal complexes only to a limited extent in vivo, EDBA competes effectively under physiological conditions for copper(II) and zinc(II). This study suggests that zinc(II) binding by EDBA may account for a number of side effects of ethambutol treatment. PMID- 7257961 TI - [Ocular and hemodynamic effect of labetalol in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257962 TI - [Studies on the intraocular penetration of dexamethasone after subconjunctival or retrobulbar injection in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257963 TI - [Prostaglandins levels in the aqueous of vitreous tug syndrome and their changes by pars plana vitrectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257964 TI - [The analysis of the optic disc pattern using microdensity distribution. III. The studies of experiments on cats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257965 TI - [The measuring for depth of papillary excavation by microcomputer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257966 TI - [A clinicopathologic study of orbital and adnexal lymphoid tumor--morphologic characteristic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257968 TI - [Permeability of the posterior lens capsule. 1. Permeability of prostaglandins in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257969 TI - [Sugars, polyols and electrolytes in human cataractous lens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257967 TI - [Developmental abnormalities of the vitreous in mouse fetuses caused by simultaneous irradiation of X-rays and ultrasound (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257970 TI - [Induction of experimental posterior subcapsular cataracts by vincristine sulfate and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara C) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257971 TI - [Biochemical studies on human cataract lens. IV. On the possible cataractogenic factor from the human senile cataractous lenses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257972 TI - [Heterogeneity of human cataractous lens low molecular weight proteins, especially gamma crystallins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257973 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic studies of the monkey zonular fibers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257974 TI - [Analysis of rapid off-response in electroretinogram major participation of receptor potential (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257976 TI - [The selective impairment of blue sensitive mechanism in the central visual field of pathologic eyes isolated by chromatic adaptation in the Maxwellian view optical system (author's transl]. PMID- 7257977 TI - [Measurement of color mechanisms on extrafoveal retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257975 TI - [Fourier analysis of flicker ERG response. III. The differences on Fourier analysis in flicker ERG responses between the rod and the red, green systems (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257979 TI - [Studies on aniseikonia and binocular fusion with special reference to stereoacuity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257978 TI - [Studies of frequency response characteristics on pupillary light reflex (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257980 TI - [Studies on the binocular disparity sensitive VECP (preliminary report) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257981 TI - [Visually evoked potential following the electrically induced seizure in the kindled cats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257983 TI - [The mechanism of the reverse phase reflex movement and magician's forceps phenomenon in patients with exotropia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257982 TI - [Electro-physiological study of exodeviates (alteration of the non-dominant eye VECPs following non-visual stimulation of the dominant eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257984 TI - [An electromyographic analysis of exodeviation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257985 TI - [A continuing study on the eye position of squint under general anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257986 TI - [Ophthalmoplegia and diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257988 TI - [The ultrasonic measurement of the axial length of the eye. 1. The correlation between the refraction and the axial length of the eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257989 TI - [Long term follow-up study of the simple buphthalmos. Part 2. Ocular enlargement of buphthalmic eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257987 TI - [Experimental study of changes in refraction produced after retinal detachment surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257991 TI - [Electron microscopic observations of the ciliary epithelium of rabbit after chronic topical administration of 1% bupranolol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257992 TI - [Effects of prostaglandin on the blood-ocular barriers. II. Effects on the blood retinal barrier (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257990 TI - [Effect of stimulus parameters on the pattern reversal VECP (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257993 TI - [Surface ultrastructure of the transition zone between the cornea and the trabecular meshwork in the Japanese monkey (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257994 TI - [Vascular pattern in the extreme peripheral retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257995 TI - [Studies on the vitreous as supporting tissue of retinal activity. IV. Effects of physiological salt solution, BSS and S-MA2 on the ERG of in vivo eye-cup preparation of rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257996 TI - [Developmental study on the pecten oculi capillaries of the chicken (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257998 TI - [The indirect hemagglutination test for toxoplasma antibodies in Algeria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257999 TI - [Study on congenital nystagmus. Part 1. A new method of analysis of congenital nystagmus by infrared television fundus camera (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258000 TI - [Analysis of aqueous humor protein by microdisc electrophoresis--analysis of aqueous humor protein mainly in glaucoma capsulare (author's transl)]. PMID- 7257997 TI - [Properties of slow muscle fibers in rabbit superior rectus muscle...(l) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258001 TI - [Studies on azapentacene, anti-cataract agent (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258002 TI - [Effectiveness of trabeculectomy in glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258003 TI - [Fast campimetry by means of checkerboard pattern reversal VECPs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258004 TI - [The influence of the intravenous administration of trypan blue to the choroidal tissue cells of albino rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258006 TI - [Effects of continuous light and continuous darkness on the eyes of adult chickens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258005 TI - [Investigation of aqueous humor proteins by crossed immunoelectrophoresis- analysis of normal human aqueous humor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258007 TI - [A new surgical procedure for neovascular glaucoma. "The two step method". A long term follow up study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258009 TI - [Studies on thermography. (Report III)--thermal recovery test for ophthalmic use (1) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258010 TI - [Effects of oral administration of mecobalamin (Methycobal) on the oscillatory potential in the scotopic ERG in diabetic retinopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258008 TI - [Studies on the conduction systems of the human visual pathway with the visual evoked response (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258012 TI - Fourier analysis differences of flicker human ERG responses among the rod, the blue and the red-green systems. PMID- 7258013 TI - [Study on the neutral red vital staining of the ciliary body (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258011 TI - [Effect of topical bupranolol on glaucoma eyes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258014 TI - [Cataract surgery for Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258015 TI - [85th Congress of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society. Abstracts]. PMID- 7258016 TI - The development of primary antibacterial immune protection against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and the effect of anaerobic corynebacterial immunostimulants. (Short communication). PMID- 7258017 TI - Antitumour effect of different corynebacterial immunostimulants in non isogenic mouse-tumour-system. (Short communication). PMID- 7258019 TI - Effects of antibiotics on the immune system of animals. II. Mouse experiments with an inactivated adsorbed vaccine against swine erysipelas. PMID- 7258018 TI - Effects of antibiotics on the immune system of animals. I. Mouse experiments with the low-virulence VR2 strain of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. PMID- 7258020 TI - Effect of antibiotics on the immune system of animals. III. Experiments in pgis immunized with live and inactivated swine erysipelas vaccines. PMID- 7258021 TI - [Occurrence of exudative (PSE) meat consistency in some domestic swine breeds]. PMID- 7258022 TI - Serological observations on Chlamydia psittaci infection in Finnish dairy herds. PMID- 7258023 TI - Dustbathing behaviour of uropygial gland extirpated domestic hens. Effects of dust deprivation. PMID- 7258025 TI - An attempt to induce laminitis in cows by intraruminal infusion of lactic acid. PMID- 7258024 TI - The effect of cysteine and sodium selenite on the toxicity of cadmium in Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7258026 TI - Prolactin secretion in nonpregnant sows treated with prostaglandin F2 alpha. PMID- 7258027 TI - Isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni from the gallbladder of normal slaughter pigs, using an enrichment procedure. PMID- 7258028 TI - Volume of the synovia in certain joint cavities in the horse. PMID- 7258029 TI - Selective adherence of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae to heart valves of swine investigated in an in vitro test. PMID- 7258030 TI - Immunological cross reactions of antigens of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and heart tissue from swine. PMID- 7258031 TI - Observations on the utilization of a selective medium for the isolation of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. PMID- 7258032 TI - Spontaneous aortic lesions in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L). PMID- 7258034 TI - Bovine mastitis induced by a common intestinal Chlamydia psittaci strain. A pathogenetic and serological investigation. PMID- 7258035 TI - In vitro adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to bovine mammary gland epithelial cells. PMID- 7258033 TI - Plasma prolactin in the sow with emphasis on variation in resumption of ovarian activity after weaning. PMID- 7258036 TI - The choice of animals in toxicological screening: inbred strains and the factorial design of experiment. AB - Most toxicological screening is currently carried out using genetically variable "outbred" stocks, though the Carcinogenesis Bioassay Programme run by the National Cancer Institute uses a single inbred or F1 hybrid strain of mice and rats. The use of several inbred of F1 hybrid strains in a factorial experiment design would have a number of advantages over either of the current designs. The factorial experiment would need to be no larger, and would therefore not be significantly more expensive, but it would be statistically and biologically more powerful. It should lead to fewer false positive and false negative results, and it offers improved methods of interpreting the results of their significance to man. Eventually, inbred strains will become as widely accepted in toxicology as they are at present in immunology. PMID- 7258037 TI - [Methods used for the in vivo study of the mutagenic properties of chemical substances]. AB - Since man is much more closely related to other mammals than to bacteria fungi, plants or Drosophila, information obtained from mammals have obviously a much greater relevance to man than those from lower animals. Only the intact mammal can be utilized to obtain information on pharmacokinetic aspects such as absorption, elimination, biotransformation both inside and outside the target cells. Most mammalian assay systems employed for routine screening of mutagenic action rely on the detection of chromosome breaks in bone marrow, testis or in the dominant lethal test. In conclusion, it can be stated that in all cases, on should be guided by the consideration that no genetic risk whatsoever is acceptable when the mutagenic compound presents no clear benefit or when an alternative is available. Is this not the case, risks must be carefully balanced against possible benefits of the application of the mutagenic agent in question. PMID- 7258038 TI - [Estimation of the teratogenic effects of therapeutic drugs]. AB - Therapeutics may induce embryological abnormalities in the laboratory animal, Now, it is known from experience that the currently applied experimental procedures allow to detect potential teratogenic risks in animals. There is only a slight possibility that a new therapeutic would be highly teratogenic as very special conditions are fundamental for the exteriorisation of the teratogenic effect, such as the sensibility and the developmental stage of the embryo, its genetic constitution and the physiology and pathology of the mother. The wellknown difficulties associated with the extrapolation of experimental results require that more species are used and that historical control data for each species and strains are kept allowing a global assessment of the results which better weighs the potential risk against the therapeutic activity of each new therapeutic. PMID- 7258039 TI - Analysis of the urine of the okapi (Okapia johnstoni). AB - The urine of six adult and two juvenile okapis housed in The Royal Rotterdam Zoological and Botanical Gardens were analysed qualitatively for the presence of protein, glucose, bilirubin, nitrite, blood and ketones and the pH was measured. Quantitative analyses were undertaken for osmolality, urea, creatinine and glucose. The results of the analyses were generally unremarkable with the exceptions of pH, glucose and in some cases the urea/creatinine ratios. However, with the exception of the glucose these other results are physiologically normal. One possible explanation for the presence of glucose in the urine of the okapis is dietary. In the wild these animals are folivorous and thus they may not be able to cope with the high level of sugar presented to them in their captive diet. However, it must be emphasised that this condition has no apparent ill effects on the animals which are in good health and are breeding successfully. PMID- 7258040 TI - [Comparative study of the chemical composition of excrement from some large African herbivorous mammals]. AB - In the course of an ecological and comparative study concerning the beetle and fly communities inhabiting the droppings of some large African grass-eating mammals, we analysed the chemical composition of fresh dung dropped in winter 1977-1978 and in spring 1978. The mammals concerned are : Blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus albifrons Pallas), Impala (Aepyceros melampus Licht.), Bongo (Boocerus euryceros Ogilby), Nyala (Tragelaphus angasi Angas), Eland from Cap (Taurotragus oryx Pallas), Eland of Lloyd Derby (Taurotragus derbianus Gray) and Zebu (Bos indicus Lin). The results of these chemical analysis were treated by a statistical method based upon the different multivariate analysis, largely used in mathematical taxonomy. This method allowed to draw up dendrograms showing the affinities between the different types of excrements. The affinities stated appeared to be related to the systematic position of the species so far studied. PMID- 7258041 TI - Microscopic pathology of liver of capuchin monkey (Cebus albifrons) infected with Athesmia foxi (dicrocoelidae : trematoda) : a pictorial illustration. AB - Histopathological changes in the livers of two white fronted capuchin monkeys, Cebus albifrons, associated with Athesmia foxi (Dicrocoelidae : Trematoda) infection are illustrated through photomicrographic plates. The lesions are confined in and around the hepatic biliary system. The bile ducts are greatly distended and thickened because of fibroblastic activity and collagen deposit in its walls. In one of the livers desquamative, necrotic and reorganizational changes are found to be well marked. At places the bile duct lumen contains infiltrating inflammatory cells and shed pieces of biliary epithelia mixed in a scanty necrotic tissue while elsewhere the necrotic changes are more pronounced and the bile duct contents are presented only by homogeneous amorphous debris. The overall picture is that of chronic cholangitis coupled with cholangiectasis. PMID- 7258042 TI - [Legislation on the control and toxicity of chemical products]. AB - Concern about the possible health and environmental hazards that may arise from exposure to an increasingly number of chemicals has resulted recently in new laws and regulations aimed at protecting human and its environment from an unreasonable risk. The Commission of the European Economic Community has recently passed legislation to control chemical substances. The essential prerequisites for safety evaluations of chemicals which are intended to be put on the market include the following background informations - physico-chemical properties - toxicological studies designed to evaluate human health effects - ecological studies designed to evaluate environmental fate - ecotoxicological studies designed to evaluate environmental effects. PMID- 7258043 TI - Functional assessment of airways bronchoconstriction with nebulized acetyl salicylic acid. AB - The aim of our study was to verify the functional modifications affecting central and peripheral airways during bronchoconstriction induced by aerosolized aspirin, so as to better understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the asthmatic crises in A.S.A. sensitive patients. The preliminary results were presented of a study carried out o 12 asthmatic A.S.A. sensitive patients, 7 of whom were females and 5 males, between the ages of 22 and 57 years. A.S.A. sensitivity was found in their medical history, in some cases, it had been confirmed by oral A.S.A. challenge. Among these patients, 6 were also affected by nasal polyposis. The method used was recently described by Bianco et al. although slightly modified by us: a fresh aqueous solution (18%) of A.S.A. -L is diluted 1:3 in saline; 4 ml of this solution is transferred to a glass nebulizer activated by a small compressor. The patients underwent treatment for 60 sec, during which a dose of approximately 1,8 mg of A.S.A. was inhaled, corresponding to about 40 mg of aspirin taken orally. In comparison with the reactions induced by oral challenge, those obtained with this treatment are easier, faster and confined only to the respiratory system. Before giving A.S.A. to the patients, control tests using saline aerosol were done. The functional assessment was performed under basal conditions, and 1, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes following administration of A.S.A. since bronchoconstriction caused by nebulized A.S.A. usually reaches peak values between the 60th and 90th min. after which it gradually decreases over the following two hours. Our results show that, though A.S.A. induced bronchoconstriction prevails at large airways, it also influences the distal tracts of the tracheobronchial tree, since both SRAW, FEV1 and Vmax50C are modified at the same time. PMID- 7258044 TI - [Immunoglobulin levels at different ages in the healthy child population]. AB - In this study, we report the IgE, IgA, IgM and IgG levels in the serum and the secretory IgA obtained from a group of children of different ages with normal morphgram, with no personal or family history of allergies and without recurrent infectious diseases. The IgG, IgA and IgM and salivary secretory IgA were determined by the immunonephelometry technique, using specific anti-serum for heavy chains obtained form rabbits and purified by affinitive chromatography. The IgE was determined by radioimmunoassay, using the PRIST technique. If we look at all published works about normal levels of immunoglobulins in serum, we can see many differences among the results obtained by different authors. Our results are different as well; however, there is no difference in IgE levels. In our work, the secretory IgA level cannot be compared as we do not have any other study available for comparison. We think that our results differ from those obtained by other authors because of differences in laboratory and statistical techniques and other factors such as environment, constitution, nutrition, etc. PMID- 7258045 TI - [Atmospheric mycoflora of Barcelona]. PMID- 7258046 TI - [Pharmaceutical preparations which contain tartrazine]. AB - Allergic reactions to food colors have been known since 1958. Reactions to tartrazine, our example, include generalized pruritus, urticaria, angioedema, paresthesias, vomiting, migraine, rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction, coughing, asthma attacks and purpura. Many patients who are allergic to antiinflammatory drugs such as acetyl-salicylic acid and indomethacin show cross-reaction to tartrazine. Doses producing these reactions range from minimal amounts up to 750 mg. Symptoms appear after periods of time ranging from minutes to 6 to 14 hours. In view of these facts (some of which represent a threat to the patient's life), additives, colouring matter, etc, do not usually appear in product labels or specifications, or in handbooks or catalogues used in practice. We drew up a list of drugs which may contain food dyes and coloring matter, yellow No. 5. A letter was written to 233 laboratories of which 159 (68%) replied. 72 (45%) in the affirmative and 87 (55%) in the negative, 74 (32%) did not reply. PMID- 7258047 TI - Immunomodulatory effects of oestrogen in prostatic cancer: update and further consideration. AB - The results of recent experimental and clinical studies provided further evidence that alterations of the endocrine environment may have profound effects on the immunogenicity of tumour and host responsiveness in patients with prostatic cancer are presented. The initially suggested immunomodulatory effects of hormones as related to patients with prostatic cancer are considered further. PMID- 7258048 TI - Report of communication method usage by teachers of deaf-blind children--Part II. PMID- 7258049 TI - Mainstreaming: a closer look. PMID- 7258050 TI - Learning processes and personality development in deaf children. PMID- 7258051 TI - Modification of communication by a small deaf girl. PMID- 7258052 TI - The grammaticality of manual representations of English in classroom settings. PMID- 7258053 TI - Deafness and human sexuality: a developmental review. PMID- 7258054 TI - A comparative and normative study of the iconicity of signs rated by three groups. PMID- 7258055 TI - Metaphor and conservation in deaf and hard-of-hearing children. PMID- 7258056 TI - Interactions of deaf mothers and deaf preschool children: comparisons with three other groups of deaf and hearing dyads. PMID- 7258057 TI - A biomechanical analysis of gait patterns of the visually impaired. PMID- 7258059 TI - A normative assessment technique for isotonic strength in college males on the universal gym. PMID- 7258058 TI - From the clinic: utilization of the hamstring position (reverse arm) on the NK table for increasing range of motion in the knee joint. PMID- 7258060 TI - Current concepts of digit replantation. AB - Amputated or devascularized digits should be appropriately cooled as quickly as possible. The injured extremity is dressed, splinted and elevated. Careful selection of patients for replantation has yielded satisfying results to both patients and surgeons. Replantation is indicated for a thumb or multiple-digit amputation or proximal-level injuries. However, single-finger replantation (except in a child or when extenuating circumstances exist) may not be warranted. Success depends on function, not merely on making the digit viable. PMID- 7258061 TI - Rupture of the spleen in infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7258062 TI - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy with CT guidance. AB - With computed tomographic guidance, 34 percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsies were obtained from various sites in 31 consecutive patients. Biopsy sites included the lung, liver, spleen, pancreas, adrenal glands, kidney, retroperitoneum, pelvis and bony structures. The overall diagnostic accuracy rate was 95 percent. The only complication was a moderate pneumothorax in one patient. PMID- 7258063 TI - Human milk and breast-feeding. PMID- 7258064 TI - Metronidazole. PMID- 7258065 TI - Improvements made in treatment of acute infarction. PMID- 7258067 TI - Lifesaving treatment for fetus becomes increasingly possible. PMID- 7258066 TI - Agent protects lining of stomach, duodenum. PMID- 7258068 TI - View from the hill. PMID- 7258069 TI - Warfarin during pregnancy. PMID- 7258070 TI - Giardiasis. PMID- 7258071 TI - Lilly, DES and the law. PMID- 7258072 TI - New life for patents. PMID- 7258073 TI - Hospital lengths-of-stay. PMID- 7258074 TI - Interstitial lung disease. PMID- 7258075 TI - Diseases from fish and shellfish ingestion. AB - Fish- and shellfish-acquired diseases are a common but often unrecognized group of food-borne illnesses with considerable epidemiologic importance. They present with a spectrum of gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms, but the history of pertinent ingestion establishes the diagnosis. Treatment is generally supportive, and recovery with minimal or no residua is the rule. State and local health authorities should be notified of all suspected cases because of the frequent occurrence of multiple cases from one source. PMID- 7258076 TI - The renal spectrum. AB - Renal diseases present with a wide array of symptoms. Cystinuria is likely to appear in childhood. IgA nephropathy is commonly seen in young patients, and may be a problem in the young adult male with recurrent gross hematuria. Lupus erythematosus is more likely to attack females, particularly in young adulthood. Membranous glomerulonephritis, a frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in older patients, may be a clue to the presence of tumor. Polycystic kidney disease may present over a wide age span, beginning with the fourth decade. End-stage renal disease has a characteristic clinical spectrum regardless of etiology. PMID- 7258077 TI - Visual field defects. AB - There are four classic types of visual field defects. Altitudinal field defects in which the defect is present above or below the horizontal midline are usually associated with ocular abnormalities. A central scotoma is characteristic of optic nerve disease of macular disease. A bitemporal hemianopia signifies optic chiasm disease and is most frequently associated with pituitary tumors. With homonymous hemianopia, the same portion of the field is absent in both eyes, and is found with lesions behind the chiasm. PMID- 7258078 TI - Childhood obesity: a family systems view. AB - Childhood obesity is a common health problem that is difficult to manage. A major determinant seems to be obesity in the parents. Treatment strategies that focus individually on the child or a parent can result in frustration and failure. Strategies presented within a family context increase the probability for success. Proper treatment begins with an assessment of all possible contributing factors. Knowledge about the family's interactional role in maintaining the child's obesity is crucial to treatment. PMID- 7258079 TI - Reproduction effects of occupational exposures. AB - Family physicians are often asked to advise the pregnant patient on the feasibility of continuing to work. The physician must be aware of reproductive hazards in the workplace, as well as the employment laws now in effect or being considered. Useful information can be found in the guidelines on pregnancy and work prepared by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Many toxins may affect the reproductive functions of both men and women. PMID- 7258080 TI - Basic upper extremity orthotics. AB - Improved hand function after injury or disease is achieved by increasing joint mobility, muscle strength and coordination, while reducing edema and pain. Static and dynamic orthoses assist in correcting deformities, provide strengthening activities and maintain a functional hand position. Many orthotic appliances are commercially available or may be fabricated for specific hand problems. The process of gradually increasing wearing tolerance helps to reduce the risk of skin breakdown or excessive pressure. A program of daily range-of-motion exercises may aid in preventing joint immobilization. PMID- 7258081 TI - Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. AB - Proper technique and competent cytopathology are important in obtaining and evaluating the Pap smear. Colposcopy and directed biopsies, combined with endocervical curettage, will permit outpatient diagnosis in about 85 percent of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Other patients will require knife conization for diagnosis. A wide range of treatment options exists. Selection of therapy is based on both the patient's reproductive plans and the severity of the disease. Regular follow-up with Pap smears is mandatory after any treatment. PMID- 7258082 TI - Psychotropic drug use in the elderly: an overview. PMID- 7258083 TI - Drug-induced ventricular arrhythmias: prolonged QT interval. PMID- 7258084 TI - Determining serum drug levels. PMID- 7258085 TI - Protective effect of sulfinpyrazone against catecholamine metabolite adrenochrome induced arrhythmias. AB - Single intravenous injection of adrenochrome (10 to 50 mg/kg body weight), an oxidation product of catecholamines, has been shown to induce arrhythmias and cause death in anesthetized rats in a dose-dependent manner. Sulfinpyrazone, which is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, was found to protect animals from these adrenochrome effects. It is suggested that sudden death due to arrhythmias in patients following the first attack of myocardial infarction of during other stressful situations may be linked to the formation of adrenochrome from abnormally high catecholamine levels in blood. Furthermore, results presented here also suggest that the reduction in the mortality rate of patients on sulfinpyrazone therapy may involve an antiarrhythmic property of the drug. PMID- 7258086 TI - Reduction in the severity of myocardial infarction by sulfinpyrazone. AB - The effect of sulfinpyrazone (Anturane) on the extent of myocardial lesions caused by coronary ligation or isoproterenol, 5 mg/kg subcutaneously, was determined in the rat. Treatment was with sulfinpyrazone, 15 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days before the cardiac insult, or 21 days after the insult, or both. Pretreatment with sulfinpyrazone reduced isoproterenol-induced lesions by 42%. Treatment after isoproterenol had no significant effect. With coronary ligation, treatment before or after operation significantly reduced the size of infarct, pretreatment by 42%, post-treatment by 33%. The results provide evidence that sulfinpyrazone may have a clinically useful protective effect in individuals at risk of cardiac ischemia, as suggested in the Anturane Reinfarction Trial. PMID- 7258087 TI - Protective effect of chronic versus acute cardiac denervation on contractile force during coronary occlusion. AB - The effects of acute coronary artery (CA) occlusion on myocardial contractile force were studied in mongrel dogs with (1) chronically denervated hearts (n = 10), (2) acutely denervated hearts (n = 5), and (3) normally innervated hearts (n = 6). Contractile force was measured in ischemic and nonischemic areas using Walton-Brodie strain gauge arches sutured to the epicardium. Coronary occlusion was accomplished by ligating several small branches of the left anterior descending and the circumflex arteries supplying the apical region on the left ventricle. Following occlusion, contractile force in the ischemic area decreased by 66.8% in the control group, by 73.6% in the acutely denervated group, but only by 21.6% (P less than 0.001) in the chronically denervated group. These results demonstrate that chronic cardiac denervation protects from the severe loss of contractile force in the ischemic area. This salutary effect is not seen with acute cardiac denervation. PMID- 7258088 TI - Characterization of ventricular tachyarrhythmias on ambulatory ECG recordings in post-myocardial infarction patients: arrhythmia detection and duration of recording, relationship between arrhythmia frequency and complexity, and day-to day reproducibility. AB - We performed three consecutive 24-hour ECG recordings in 57 ambulatory patients approximately 8 to 11 days of post-myocardial infarction. There was considerable additional detection of each type of complex ventricular ectopic beat (VEB) with recordings beyond 24 hours. Multiform, R-on-T, pairs, and bigeminy were often first detected from 24 to 48 hours and 5 of 12 patients with ventricular tachycardia had this rhythm detected only after 48 hours of monitoring. Complex forms were deleted with short recording durations primarily in patients who had complex forms present during a large number of hours during the 72-hour recording session. The occurrence of each type of complex ectopic beat was strongly related to PVC frequency and some type of complex form was seen in virtually all 24-hour recordings with greater than a total of 100 VEBs. Sixty-five percent of 24-hour recordings with infrequent VEBs (2 to 10 per 24 hours) also had complex forms present. The day-to-day reproducibility of VEB frequency and complexity was reasonable, but was largely accounted for by the fact that most recordings were free of frequent ectopic beats and a given type of complex PVC. These data suggest that for longer ECG recording period, the frequency of occurrence of complex forms rather than simply their presence or absence may be important for identifying high risk subgroups. PMID- 7258090 TI - Survival for 20 years or longer after transmural acute myocardial infarction: analysis of eight well-documented necropsy patients. AB - Clinical and necropsy findings are described in eight patients who lived 20 to 31 years (mean 24 years) after healing of a transmural acute myocardial infarct. Two had left ventricular aneurysms and one had both right and left ventricular infarcts. Survival for 2 decades or more after healing of a transmural acute myocardial infarct has rarely been documented and descriptions of hearts at necropsy in patients with well-documented infarcts 20 years or more earlier are virtually nonexistent. PMID- 7258089 TI - Predictive value of early postmyocardial infarction modified treadmill exercise testing in multivessel coronary artery disease detection. AB - We evaluated 57 patients with modified treadmill exercise testing and angiography early post-infarction (MI) to determine the predictive value of ST segment depression, angina, and an inadequate blood pressure response for multivessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD). ST segment depression alone identified MVCAD stenoses (greater than or equal to 70% diameter narrowing in two or more vessels) with sensitivity 54%, specificity 75%, and accuracy 60%. When ST segment depression and angina were considered a positive treadmill test result, a significant improvement in sensitivity (88%, p less than 0.01) and accuracy (82%, p less than 0.05) for MVCAD was observed. An inadequate blood pressure response was associated with MVCAD (12 of 13 patients) and a significantly reduced average left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction of 39 plus or minus 13% compared to 58 plus or minus 14% for patients without this treadmill abnormality (p less than 0.01). Therefore, we conclude that (1) ST segment depression and angina on early post-MI modified treadmill exercise testing are superior predictors of MVCAD compared to ST segment depression alone and (2) an inadequate blood pressure response during modified exercise testing early following MI is observed in patients with MVCAD and reduced LV performance. PMID- 7258092 TI - Improved interpretation of a continuous variable in diagnostic testing: probabilistic analysis of scintigraphic rest and exercise left ventricular ejection fractions for coronary disease detection. AB - The interpretation of a diagnostic modality requires consideration of the entire distribution of potential responses in both the normal and diseases population to extract the maximum available information from the test. Accordingly, we developed a probabilistic format for interpretation of scintigraphic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). This format is distinguished (1) by accurate assessment of CAD likelihood based upon age, sex, and symptom classification using a logistical regression model (mean r = 0.9991, mean SEE = 0.008) and (2) by consideration of LVEF as a continuous probabilistic variable which obeys beta frequency distribution. This format allows assessment of the probability of CAD in an individual patient, according to Bayes' theorem of conditional probability of disease, given combinations of LVEF at rest and/or with exercise, and thereby is designed to provide more information than conventional categorical classification of "normal" or "abnormal" test observations. PMID- 7258091 TI - Comparison of upright and supine bicycle exercise in the detection and evaluation of extent of coronary artery disease by equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. AB - Upright and supine multiple gated cardiac blood pool scintigraphy was performed at rest and during maximum exercise in 37 patients, 15 with normal coronary arteriograms, 12 with coronary artery disease (CAD) without myocardial infarction (MI), and 10 with CAD and previous MI. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were similar during upright and supine exercise in normal patients, but were significantly lower during supine exercise in both CAD groups. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), right ventricular (RV) EF, and LV segmental wall motion were similar in the upright and supine positions at rest or during maximum exercise within each group and showed high concordance of exercise responses. Although LV end-diastolic volume increased in all three groups during upright exercise and in both CAD groups when exercised supine, it did not change during supine exercise in patients without CAD. The fall of LV end-systolic volume in normals was greater during supine exercise than during upright exercise. LV end systolic volume rose in the CAD patients in both positions. Therefore, although LVEF, RVEF, and LV segmental wall motion responses are similar in the upright and supine positions, LV end-systolic and LV end-diastolic volume changes are not. For detecting and evaluating CAD, the two different positions of exercise appear to have similar diagnostic content. PMID- 7258093 TI - Long-term transtelephonic electrocardiographic monitoring in the detection and evaluation of variant angina. AB - To facilitate the outpatient diagnosis of variant angina by documenting transient ST segment evaluation during chest pain, we studied the feasibility of transtelephonic ECG monitoring during angina episodes. Eight patients with known coronary artery spasm underwent simultaneous continuous ambulatory and transtelephonic ECG monitoring during a 24-hour period. Five patients (62%) had transient diagnostic ST segment shifts on both continuous ambulatory and transtelephonic monitoring. Another eight patients with coronary spasm underwent 24-hour continuous ambulatory monitoring and separate 14-day period of transtelephonic monitoring. The addition of this longer monitoring period provided diagnostic ST segment shifts in three patients. We conclude that transtelephonic monitoring in patients with suspected coronary artery spasm can provide important additional diagnostic information to continuous ambulatory monitoring, particularly in the patient with infrequent or predictable chest pain. PMID- 7258095 TI - Ventricular dysfunction and necrosis produced by adrenochrome metabolite of epinephrine: relation to pathogenesis of catecholamine cardiomyopathy. AB - We have examined the effects of adrenochrome and other metabolites of epinephrine on the ultrastructure and contractile activity of isolated rat hearts perfused under conditions in which the heart rate and coronary flow were controlled. Perfusion of hearts with epinephrine or metanephrine significantly increased contractile force; vanillylmandelic acid and dihydroxymandelic acid did not alter contractile force development, whereas adrenochrome (50 mg/L) declined contractile force with epinephrine (50 mg/L) was associated with increased resting tension and maximum rates of force development and relaxation, and decreased time for peak tension development and 1/2 relaxation. On the other hand, hearts perfused with adrenochrome showed early decline followed by steady increase in resting tension; maximum rates of force development and relaxation were reduced and times for peak tension development and 1/2 relaxation were increased. Hearts perfused or 10 minutes or more with adrenochrome (50 mg/L), but not epinephrine, metanephrine, dihydroxymandelic acid or vanillylmandelic aicd, showed ultrastructural damage. Adrenochrome concentrations of 10 or 25 mg/L altered the appearance of mitochondria after 30 minutes of perfusion. Infusion of epinephrine (1 mg/L) during perfusion with adrenochrome partially maintained contractile force during the first 15 minutes of perfusion but did not alter the severity of ultrastructural changes due to adrenochrome. These results are consistent with the concept that oxidation products of catecholamines such as adrenochrome are partly responsible for inducing myocardial necrosis and failure following massive catecholamine injections in intact animals. PMID- 7258094 TI - Effects of respiratory alkalosis on coronary vascular dynamics and myocardial energetics in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - To determine if respiratory alkalosis produces hemodynamically significant coronary vasoconstriction in coronary artery disease (CAD), we studied the effects of hyperventilation on coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF), myocardial O2 uptake, and lactate extraction in 13 CAD patients. No patient developed chest pain or ischemic ECG changes during hyperventilation. Hyperventilation increased pressure-rate product (myocardial O2 consumption index, MVO2) minimally did not change global CSBF, coronary vascular resistance or lactate extraction. However, hyperventilation increased global myocardial O2 uptake from 14.5 plus or minus 3.2 to 18.7 plus or minus 17.2 ml/min (p less than 0.01) principally due to increased myocardial O2 extraction (65.0 plus or minus 7.4 to 71.6 plus or minus 6.2%, p less than 0.01). The increased pressure-rate product was not sufficient to account for increased myocardial O2 uptake. We conclude that respiratory alkalosis increases myocardial O2 extraction but does not produce hemodynamically significant coronary vasoconstriction in CAD patients. PMID- 7258096 TI - Importance of noninvasive ultrasonic-Doppler testing in the evaluation of patients with symptomatic carotid bruits. AB - An ultrasonic Duplex scanner was used to estimate the site and degree of extracranial arterial disease in two groups of patients with asymptomatic bruits. In the first 100 patients only the extent of disease was assessed with 37% of the sides with bruits having high-grade stenoses (greater than 50% diameter reduction) and one-half having lesions which narrowed the internal carotid artery by less than 50%. Seven percent were found to be normal. The remaining 6% had occlusion of the internal carotid artery. In a second group of 81 patients, the effect of the reported findings of the Duplex scan on patient management was reviewed. Only 13 patients underwent angiography and 11 of these were in patients with high-grade stenoses. Five carotid endarterectomies were performed and in each case, the patient had bilateral high-grade lesions. The implications of this diagnostic approach are discussed as well as the need for prospective studies of patients who present with an asymptomatic bruit. PMID- 7258097 TI - Echocardiographic features before and after the Jatene procedure (anatomical correction) for transposition of the great vessels. AB - Eight patients with complete transposition of the great vessels (TGA) underwent the Jatene procedure and repair of major associated anomalies. All were studied preoperatively by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and by cardiac catheterization. Six patients survived operation and were studied postoperatively by both echocardiographic methods; five also underwent cardiac catheterization and angiography. In these patients, 2DE accurately predicted the anatomic features preoperatively and provided an important adjunct to catheterization and angiocardiography. PMID- 7258098 TI - Electrophysiologic studies of supraventricular tachycardia in children. I. Clinical-electrophysiologic correlations. AB - We investigated the clinical features, surface ECG findings, associated with congenital heart disease (CHD), and status at follow-up in 103 children who underwent intracardiac electrophysiologic evaluation of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Age at catheterization ranged from 2 days to 17 years (mean 4.2 years). Diagnosis of the mechanism was based upon standard electrophysiologic techniques. Of the 103 patients, 37 had reentry without a bypass tract (10 sinoatrial node, two atrial muscle, and 25 atrioventricular node); 51 had reentry with a bypass tract (28 manifest Wolff-Parkinson-White [WPW], 18 unidirectional retrograde accessory pathway [URAP], an five Lown-Ganong-Levine); and 15 had an ectopic focus (11 atrial, four junctional). Distinguishing features among the common types are depicted in Table III. We conclude that in children the various mechanisms of SVT (1) are likely to be found in different clinical situations, (2) have a different potential for surgical cure, and (3) have a different prognosis for long-term treatment. Since curative surgery was theoretically possible in 57% of our patients (WPW, concealed WPW, atrial, and junctional ectopic), we recommend electrophysiologic study in any patient who has had frequent recurrences of SVT for longer than 1 year and who requires drugs in addition to digoxin for treatment. PMID- 7258099 TI - Clinical treatment of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias with the automatic implantable defibrillator. PMID- 7258100 TI - Complete transposition of the great arteries: types and morphogenesis of ventriculoarterial discordance. PMID- 7258101 TI - Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia in an asymptomatic adult: further evidence for an accessory ventriculoatrial nodal structure. PMID- 7258102 TI - Triple ventricular fusion due to intermittent ventricular parasystole in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 7258103 TI - Clinical comparison of indirectly and directly determined sinoatrial conduction time. PMID- 7258104 TI - Acute renal dysfunction due to sulfinpyrazone therapy in post-myocardial infarction cardiomegaly: reversible hypersensitive interstitial nephritis. PMID- 7258105 TI - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with bilateral accessory pathways both exhibiting antegrade and retrograde conduction. PMID- 7258106 TI - Hemodynamic evaluation of vasodilator drug therapy in primary pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7258107 TI - Hypertension detection and follow-up program: an alternative interpretation. PMID- 7258108 TI - A new look at soft lenses and their solutions. PMID- 7258109 TI - New directions for pharmacy charted by Board Chairman Leonard Grossman. PMID- 7258112 TI - A hotbed of research in burn care. PMID- 7258111 TI - Nonprescription topical hydrocortisone products. PMID- 7258110 TI - Sunburn, sunscreens and photosensitivity. PMID- 7258113 TI - Vascular pathways in nonsinusal red pulp--an electron microscope study of the cat spleen. AB - The red pulp of the cat spleen, including terminal segments of arterial capillaries, pulp venules, and the reticular meshwork, was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Splenic congestion and contraction were produced by barbiturate anesthetic and norepinephrine. Terminal segments of arterial capillaries were ampullary and flared. Blood escaped into surrounding pulp spaces through interendothelial gaps. Pulp venules originated as open-ended vessels in the reticular meshwork near trabeculae and drained into trabecular veins. Venule walls were thin and composed of squamous endothelial cells, a continuous basement membrane, and reticular cells. Venules in congested spleens had many mural apertures, but venules in contracted spleens had few. The interstices of the reticular meshwork in congested spleens contained large amounts of blood, which often was concentrated, many macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Fewer blood cells and scant plasma were present in contracted spleens. The vascular arrangements are anatomically open. Blood takes pathways through the reticular meshwork from arterial terminations to pulp venules. Some pathways through the reticular meshwork probably function as closed vascular channels conveying rapidly flowing blood. Other pathways are functionally open and probably contain slowly moving blood that constitutes a reservoir of red cells. Macrophages formed associations with mature red cells and with reticulocytes. Mature red cells were attached to macrophages in a manner indicating erythrophagocytosis. Reticulocyte attachment had a different appearance and likely resulted in reticulocyte sequestration. Platelets bore pseudopodia which would impede their passage through irregular and cell-filled pulp spaces. The change in platelet shape probably is responsible for the formation of the splenic pool of platelets. PMID- 7258114 TI - Species variation in the structure and function of the marginal zone--an electron microscope study of cat spleen. AB - The marginal zone in the cat spleen consisted of a characteristic mixture of lymphocytes and other blood cells located mainly between the several layers of circumferential reticulum around white pulp. A region of fine-meshed reticulum between white pulp and red pulp, as present in some species, was absent from the cat spleen. Arterial capillaries to the marginal zone were few. Some were continuations of white pulp capillaries, whereas others were red pulp capillaries that likely were continuations of axial capillaries of periarterial macrophage sheaths (PAMS) (ellipsoids). Blood cells deposited in the marginal zone could reach red pulp by passing through the numerous openings in each layer of circumferential reticulum. Lymphocytes appeared to migrate across the marginal zone both toward and away from white pulp. Macrophages lying on the circumferential reticulum of the marginal zone phagocytized cells but did not ingest Thorotrast, although it coated their surfaces. Because of the scarcity of arterial endings and the lack of a macrophage-charged reticular meshwork, the marginal zone in cat spleen is not a major site of blood clearance and phagocytosis. These functions are better served in PAMS and red pulp. PMID- 7258115 TI - Electron microscopy of the red pulp of the dog spleen including vascular arrangements, periarterial macrophage sheaths (ellipsoids), and the contractile, innervated reticular meshwork. AB - The vascular and stromal arrangements of the red pulp in congested and contracted dog spleens were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Each dog had been injected intravenously with Thorotrast to label actively endocytizing cells. Only macrophages ingested Thorotrast. The proximal portion of each arterial capillary was surrounded by a "periarterial macrophage sheath" (PAMS), a term we introduce to replace the term "ellipsoid". PAMS were composed of a fine meshwork of reticular cells and reticular fibers which held tightly-packed macrophages and interspersed blood cells. These macrophages, as well as those in the reticular meshwork of red pulp, contained Thorotrast, cell debris, and deposits of hemosiderin. The arterial capillary at the center of each PAMS was formed by parallel, rod-shaped endothelial cells and discontinuous layers of basement membrane and reticular-cell cytoplasm. PAMS were tapered at their distal ends; the terminal portion of the arterial capillary continued beyond the PAMS to end in the reticular meshwork of red pulp. Endothelial cells in the terminal arterial capillaries were separated by gaps through which blood cells passed into the spaces of the reticular meshwork of red pulp. The reticular meshwork was formed by reticular cells which appeared to be specialized for contraction. These cells were filled with thin filaments and possessed plasmalemmal dense bodies as found in smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, the reticular meshwork was innervated by unmyelinated adrenergic axons which probably were derived from nerves that followed arterioles. Axons were enclosed in surface invaginations of cells which were similar to reticular cells in shape and cytologic detail and which we called "axon-bearing reticular cells". Axon-bearing reticular cells were inserted between the branches of the reticular cells that formed the meshwork. Venous sinuses formed an anastomosing system of vessels draining into pulp veins which then joined trabecular veins. Sinuses were formed by parallel, rod-shaped endothelial cells encircled by strands of basement membrane and reticular-cell branches. Endothelial cells lay closely side by side except where interendothelial slits were opened by blood cells passing into the lumen or by pseudopodia of macrophages which lay outside the sinus. Cell traffic across the sinus wall was greatest in areas where blood cells were mixed with plasma. Congested spleens stored concentrated red cells in both sinuses and the reticular meshwork; contracted spleens were emptied of blood. The reticular meshwork may contract to assist trabecular and capsular smooth muscle in expelling stored red cells and effecting hemoconcentration. PMID- 7258116 TI - Comparative histochemical study of alimentary tracts with special reference to the mucous neck cells of the stomach. AB - Combinations of recently developed paradoxical concanavalin-A staining (PCS) and other routine histochemical procedures have made it possible to classify mucosubstances more precisely. By taking advantage of these sequences, the present study was undertaken both to characterize the mucinous contents of alimentary tracts of several animal species, and to compare the variability of epithelial mucosubstances with special reference to the mucous neck cells of the stomach. The alimentary tracts obtained from 7 species of fish, 5 amphibians, 3 reptiles, 4 birds, and 6 mammals were used. Acidity of epithelial mucosubstances was highly variable even among the corresponding mucous cells. On the contrary, concanavalin-A reactivity seemed to be consistent with each cell and species. The mucous neck cells, which were observed in amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, consistently exhibited a characteristic mucosubstance with stable class-III reactivity by PCS. Inversely, stable class-III reactivity was found only in species possessing mucous neck cells, and was widely distributed in the esophageal glands of the frog, snake, and man; in esophageal mucous cells of the frog and skink; in pyloric glands of amphibia, reptiles, and mammals; and in Brunner's glands of mammals. These mucous cells seem to form an unique group with morphological and histochemical similarities. It is likely that the stable class III reactivity by PCS is a hallmark of the mucous neck cells and related glands and that, in addition, concanavalin-A reactivity of mucosubstances is evolutionarily more fundamental characteristic. PMID- 7258117 TI - Kinetic analysis of epithelial cell migration in the mouse descending colon. AB - The kinetics of epithelial cell replacement in the descending colon of the mouse were studied using cell counts and other measurements in mice given a single injection of 3H-thymidine at 10:00 a.m. Cell migration occurs from the base of the crypts in the direction of the colonic lumen. The mean turnover time of epithelial cells as measured after the single injection of 3H-thymidine has been estimated at 4.85 days. Since this figure is in agreement with published data based on continuous infusion of the labeled precursor, it is concluded that the time selected for the analysis provides an index of proliferation which is representative of the mean proliferative activity of the epithelium. If each side of a crypt cut along its axis is referred to as a "crypt column," the mean number of cells per crypt column has been found to be 32.9; after a one-hour pulse labeling starting at 10:00 a.m., the mean number of labeled cells per column was 2.8; and the overall labeling index of the epithelium, 8.6%. The frequency of labeled cells in each cell position along the crypt column varies according to a Poisson distribution with a peak close to position 3. Presumably then, cell proliferation is taking place in a random manner and is, therefore, asynchronous, despite evidence to the contrary in the literature. The kinetic analysis supports the view that cell migration occurs along the crypt column in the direction of the colonic lumen at a velocity averaging 0.28 cell position per hour, or 4.48 microns per hour. The results support the view that vacuolated-columnar, mucous, and caveolated cells migrate jointly; whereas entero-endocrine cells migrate separately from these cell lines, except during the initial stages of the migration. PMID- 7258118 TI - Myelopoiesis in lymph nodes of mice. Enhancement effect by the injection of trypan blue or India ink after birth. AB - Myelopoiesis in lymph nodes was studied in newborn mice under normal conditions and after treatment with trypan blue and carbon particles. In the mouse lymph node, myelopoiesis normally takes place between the fourth and twelfth day after birth, then decreases while an intense proliferation of the lymphocytic population simultaneously takes place. Myelopoiesis manifests itself as clusters of cells, mainly of the neutrophilic line, located around post-capillary venules (PCV's) in the medulla. The injection of trypan blue or carbon particles (India ink) causes an enhancement of myelopoiesis and a delay in the development of the lymphocytic population. Myelopoiesis includes not only granulopoiesis but also the formation of erythroid clusters and occasional megakaryocytes. Three possibilities should be considered to explain the enhancement of myelopoiesis: 1) blockade of the reticuloendothelial system caused by overloading with particulate matter; 2) induction of humoral myelopoiesis-stimulating factors; and 3) stimulation of pluripotent stem cells through dye injection. PMID- 7258119 TI - Impaired gastric function in experimental malnutrition. AB - Selective dietary protein deprivation led to impaired pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats but was not simply due to lower body weights in the experimental group. This may be a significant pathophysiological factor in clinical malnutrition because of reduction of gastric acid control over bacterial populations in upper intestinal secretions. PMID- 7258120 TI - Nutritional status, globulin titers, and parasitic infections of two populations of Tanzanian school children. AB - Two schools in rural Tanzania were surveyed regarding the pupils' nutrition (weight and height), serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgE), autoantibodies, malaria antibodies, hepatitis B antigenemia, and fecal and urinary parasites. The survey attempted to quantify the relative importance of undernutrition and parasitic infestation in determining the serological abnormalities found. Of all the children surveyed 69% were undernourished (less than 80% of expected weight for age); 63% had fecal parasites and 38% had urinary schistosomiasis. Serum IgG and IgM concentrations were raised and the serum IgE concentration was strikingly raised (mean 4990IU/ml). Elevated serum IgE was associated with ascariasis. Autoantibodies were common but no autoimmune disease was detected. Notably there was a 35% prevalence of reticulin antibody. This reticulin antibody positivity correlated with increased malaria antibody concentrations. Reduced malaria antibody concentration was significantly associated with hepatitis B antigenemia. The study illustrates that parasites, notably malaria, are important determinants of the serum antibodies of children in the tropics and suggests that mild undernutrition has little effect. PMID- 7258121 TI - Perturbation of serum carnitine levels in human adults by chronic renal disease and dialysis therapy. AB - Serum carnitine levels in nondialyzed and dialyzed patients with chronic renal disease were compared against a group of normal control subjects. The concentration of serum carnitine was directly correlated with that of serum creatinine (r = +0.734; p less than 0.001). In nondialyzed uremic patients the serum free carnitine levels in males rose 218% (p less than 0.001) and in females rose 186% (p less than 0.001) above normal control values. During dialysis there was a sharp decline in serum carnitine to levels reaching 20% of the zero time control value (p less than 0.001). The decrease in serum carnitine could be accounted for by an almost quantitatively accumulation of carnitine in the dialysate fluid. After termination of dialysis there was a hyperbolic rise in serum carnitine which reached the high values again within 44 to 48 h. It is postulated that frequent perturbations in serum carnitine as a result of chronic dialysis therapy over a prolonged time period could potentially lead to a tissue deficiency in carnitine with its resultant complications. PMID- 7258122 TI - The metabolism of 3H-pyridoxine in rat liver and brain. AB - A study of the metabolism and distribution of 3H-pyridoxine in normal rat liver and brain was done in animals given small single doses of the labeled vitamin intraperitoneally. Liver and brain tissues were collected from 1 h to 14 days. Perchloric acid extracts of tissues were fractionated by an ion exchange chromatographic procedure and six B6 vitamers were separated and assayed for radioactivity and microbiological activity. In liver 3H-pyridoxal phosphate peaked at 1 h after the administration of 3H-pyridoxine; however, the accumulation of total isotope in combined vitamers continued slowly until 4 h. During the first 4 h, about 50% of the tritium resided in the supernatant fraction of liver. In the brain, tritium accumulated slowly and reached a peak at day 7. Nearly 90% of the vitamin in the brain was in the form of pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate. The concentrations of the total microbiologically active vitamin in the liver and brain were 35 to 40 and 20 to 25 nmol/g, respectively. However, the maximum amount of tritium in the brain was less than 10% of that in the liver. These data indicate that uptake and turnover of vitamin B6 in brain studied with tracer doses was very much slower than previously reported from studies with larger doses. PMID- 7258123 TI - Availability of vitamin B6 and pantothenate in an average American diet in man. AB - The availability of vitamin B6 and pantothenate in an average American diet was assessed healthy male volunteers. The subjects received two types of diets, both nutritionally equivalent to the average American diet: period 1 (35 days), semipurified formula diet (low in both vitamins) with daily supplements of 1.1 mg pyridoxine and 8.2 mg pantothenate; period 2 (35 days), natural food sources, providing 2.3 mg vitamin B6 and 11.5 mg pantothenate/day; period 3 (21 days), formula diet, providing 2.7 mg pyridoxine and 8.2 mg pantothenate/day. Daily protein intake was 96 g throughout the study. Vitamins in food and urine samples were determined microbiologically and plasma pyridoxal phosphate by a tyrosine apodecarboxylase radioassay method. Compared to the availability of the pure vitamins as 100%, the availability of vitamin B6 ranged from 61 to 81% with a mean of 71% using plasma pyridoxal phosphate data, and ranged from 73 to 92% with a mean of 79% according to urinary vitamin B6 data. Availability of pantothenate ranged from 40 to 61% with a mean of 50%, according to urinary pantothenate data. The average American diet used in our study contained 1.7 and 5.8 mg/day of available vitamin B6 and pantothenate, respectively. PMID- 7258124 TI - The effects of ascorbic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folic acid supplementation on the breast milk and maternal nutritional status of low socioeconomic lactating women. AB - In this double-blind study, the effects of ascorbic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate supplementation on the maternal nutritional status and vitamin content of breast milk in 16 low socioeconomic lactating women were studied. Nine subjects were administered a commercial multivitamin-multimineral supplement and seven were given placebos. Milk samples were collected four times per day at 4-h intervals from 5 to 7 and 43 to 45 days postpartum. Fasting blood samples were taken from all mothers at the end of each milk collection period. Dietary records of all foods consumed were kept from 4 to 7 and 42 to 45 days postpartum. There were no significant differences in milk or plasma levels of ascorbic acid between the unsupplemented and supplemented groups. Both the EGPT index and milk concentration of vitamin B6 were significantly different (p less than 0.01) between the unsupplemented and supplemented groups. The milk concentrations of vitamin B12 increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in the supplemented group, as did the milk concentrations of folate (p less than 0.01). Because of consistently low levels of dietary vitamin B6 and folic acid in this group of low socioeconomic lactating women, either dietary changes or supplements could be necessary to maintain recommended levels of these vitamins in the womens' breast milk. PMID- 7258125 TI - On the requirements of ascorbic acid in man: steady-state turnover and body pool in smokers. AB - The time course of radioactivity in plasma and urine after oral administration of a single dose of (1-14 C) ascorbic acid has been followed in healthy male volunteers smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day. The investigation was carried out under steady state conditions with regard to ascorbic acid plasma levels at intakes of about 30 to 180 mg/day. Smokers had a higher metabolic turnover than that found for nonsmokers. It was concluded, as a consequence, that a daily intake of at least 140 mg is required for smokers to reach steady state concentrations and total body pools comparable to nonsmokers for whom a daily intake of about 100 mg was previously reported to be appropriate. PMID- 7258126 TI - The effect of supplemental ascorbic acid on serum vitamin B12 levels in myelomeningocele patients. AB - Serum levels of ascorbic acid and vitamin B12 were analyzed in 40 myelomeningocele children to study the effect of supplemental ascorbic acid on serum vitamin B12 levels. The experimental group was composed of 20 children receiving ascorbic acid for urinary acidification: 10 received an average of 1.8 g daily, 10 received an average of 1.5 g daily (the amount depending on the requirement needs for urinary acidification) half of each group received ascorbic acid for less than 3 yr (an average of 2.1 yr) and half received ascorbic acid for more than 3 yr (an average of 4.3 yr). The control group consisted of 20 myelomeningocele children not receiving supplemental ascorbic acid. Both groups were matched for age, sex, race, and physical activity. Dietary levels of ascorbic acid and B12 were calculated to rule out their influence on serum levels. Results showed that the experimental group with supplemental ascorbic acid produced significantly higher ascorbic acid values than the control group. The serum B12 levels of the experimental group were not significantly different than those of the control groups and these children showed neither a deficient serum levels of B12, anemia, nor elevated mean corpuscular volume. Hemoglobin levels were slightly higher for the experimental group. Dietary calculations of B12 and ascorbic acid were not significantly greater than the Recommended Daily Allowance ruling out any influence of diet on serum levels. No evidence of vitamin B12 deficiency developed in 20 myelomeningocele children receiving daily mean doses of 1.65 g of supplemental ascorbic acid. In view of our findings, it is highly improbable that megadoses of supplemental ascorbic acid would induce vitamin B12 deficiency in man. PMID- 7258127 TI - Zinc and mineral content of weight reducing diets. AB - The zinc content of four commonly used weight reduction diets and of three constant diets used for weight reduction in a Metabolic Research Unit was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The diets were also analyzed for other elements, namely, for nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron. The four commonly used weight reduction diets and two of the metabolic diets contained approximately 1000 cal, while one metabolic diet contained 600 cal. The zinc content of the diets correlated with the type but not with the amount of protein used because proteins of high biological value may have a low zinc content. There was no correlation between the zinc and calorie content of the diets. Although the protein content of two equicaloric diets was normal and similar, the zinc content differed by a factor of 2. Conversely, when the dietary protein was increased the dietary zinc content remained low, half of that of the RDA. Even when the diet contained only 600 cal the zinc intake was still approximately 75% of the RDA. The phosphorus and magnesium content correlated with the dietary protein. These studies have shown that the adequacy of the zinc and iron content of weight reduction diets depends on the type of protein used, however, there is no apparent correlation between the zinc and iron content of individual protein-containing foods. PMID- 7258128 TI - Whole body surface loss of trace metals in normal males. AB - Whole body surface losses of zinc, copper, and iron were measured in 13 male volunteers who lived in a controlled environment for 4 to 9 months. For 88 daily samples, the mean losses for zinc, copper, and iron were 0.50, 0.34, and 0.33 mg/day (3.9, 26, and 2.1% of the mean dietary intakes, respectively). There was a large variance in metal losses with no significant differences in variance within versus-between subjects or on the same-versus-different diets. The surface losses of zinc and iron increased the apparent dietary requirements determined by balance measurements only 5 and 3%, respectively, while the increase in copper requirement due to surface loss was 25 to 30%. PMID- 7258129 TI - The effect of chemical agents, beverages, and spinach on the in vitro solubilization of iron from cooked pinto beans. AB - The solubilization of iron from cooked pinto beans was examined using an improved in vitro methodology. The iron content of the beans was found to exist in three populations: 1) that which is spontaneously soluble upon incubation; 2) that which can be mobilized by chelating or reducing agents; and 3) that which is more firmly bound to the insoluble bean residue. These fractions constitute approximately 25, 45, and 30%, respectively, of the bean iron content when using consecutive 30-min incubations at pH 2 and 6. Ascorbic acid is maximally effective in iron mobilization under acidic conditions and acts via iron reduction. Citric acid is maximally effective near pH 6. The combination of ascorbic acid and citric acid leads to the solubilization of 70% of the iron content of the beans. Orange juice also leads to maximal soluble iron, predominantly in the Fe2+ state. Tea severely decreases iron solubility in the system. Only 3% of the iron content of spinach is solubilized by 10 mM ascorbic acid. Whole spinach suspension and the insoluble spinach residue are able to remove iron from solution that was previously solubilized from beans. PMID- 7258130 TI - Influence of smoking, weight gain, and pregravid weight for height on intrauterine growth. AB - Combined effects of pregravid weight, weight gain and smoking on birth weight, length, and head circumference was investigated in uncomplicated, term pregnancies. Each gravida was categorized by height and pregravid weight as underweight, normal, moderately overweight, or massively overweight. Weight gain was grouped: poor, low-normal, high-normal, and excessive. Women who smoked 10 to 20 cigarettes daily were studied. Women who did not smoke were used as controls. Birth weights, lengths, and head circumferences were evaluated. Within each pregravid category and each gain group there was nearly uniform incremental increase in mean birthweight with advancing weight gain in both smoking and nonsmoking women. Infants born to smoking women fell behind nonsmoking counterparts by an entire gain group regardless of the mother's pregravid classification. Similar trends were observed in length and head circumference, although not as pronounced. Encouragement of higher weight gains helps correct the growth retardation observed in infants born to women who smoke. PMID- 7258131 TI - Sweets, snacks, and dental caries: South African interracial patterns. AB - Sucrose has been thought to cause dental caries; sweets and snacks being primarily responsible, together with plaque and their respective interactions. Dietary questionnaires revealed that in 3 to 5 yr olds, protein in black, colored, Indian, and white groups provided 12 to 15% of total intake, fats 10 to 17%, and carbohydrates 69 to 78%. At 16 to 17 yr old, patterns remained essentially similar. Sucrose provided about one-quarter of intake, sweets and snacks less than one-tenth, but dental caries prevalence increased rapidly from black to white. This raised several questions regarding current concepts of caries causation. Are genetic, immunological and other dietary factors also responsible for caries levels experienced? PMID- 7258133 TI - Zinc absorption and plasma response. PMID- 7258132 TI - Chromatographic measurement of the carbohydrate content of some commonly used soft drinks. AB - The composition of soluble carbohydrates has been determined in some frequently consumed soft drinks. Qualitative analysis was carried out by thin layer and gas liquid chromatography. Quantitative determination was done by column chromatography and spectrophotometry, as well as by gas liquid chromatography. The results obtained by both methods were similar. In most of the soft drinks analyzed, the fructose and glucose contents ranged between 0.5 and 1.5 g/100 ml, and that of sucrose between 7 and 10 g/100 ml which, in total sugar content, is equal to 10 to 12 g/100 ml. This value may represent an important energy supplement in the diet, considering the high consumption of these drinks by the Spanish population. PMID- 7258134 TI - Geography, ethnicity, and blood constituents. PMID- 7258135 TI - Zinc and inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7258137 TI - Increased serum lipids and other effects of dietary sucrose. PMID- 7258138 TI - Nine-cell diagnostic decision matrix. A model of the diagnostic process; a framework for evaluating diagnostic protocols. AB - A nine-cell diagnostic decision matrix is described. This matrix can be viewed dynamically as a model of the diagnostic process. The matrix provides for display of equivocal test results and test results of patients who have ill-defined or incompletely determined disease. The matrix represents an improved model for evaluating diagnostic test protocols. Diagnostic test characteristics related to this model are described. Potential advantages and uses of the model are discussed; among them are possibilities for development of improved diagnostic protocols and improved definitions of disease. PMID- 7258136 TI - Endogenous ascorbic acid synthesis and recommended dietary allowances for vitamin C. PMID- 7258139 TI - The acute effect of cigarette smoking on the concentrations of blood leukocyte types in healthy young women. AB - The acute effect of cigarette smoking on blood leukocyte values in four healthy young women is reported. In a cross-over experiment using the Hemalog-D automated differential system, the effect of smoking four to 12 cigarettes on the time course of the concentration of leukocyte types was studied. During each of two experiments lasting from 800 h to 1400 h, the subjects were in the supine position. Each subject abstained from smoking during one experimental day and started smoking at 930 h on the other experimental day. The values obtained during each experimental day were expressed for each subject as change from the baseline values measured before 930 h. The time course for the lymphocyte concentration changed significantly (P less than 0.05) on the day of smoking as compared with the day of not smoking, showing an initial elevation followed by a more prolonged depression. The eosinophil concentration was uniformly and significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed. The neutrophil concentration showed a delayed response, with an elevation starting at 1200 h. The latter effect, however, was of borderline significance (P = 0.07). PMID- 7258140 TI - Intrinsic factor, free of R proteins, can be prepared from mouse stomach and used in a ligand assay specific for "true" cobalamin. AB - A ligand assay specific for cobalamin that uses mouse stomach as the source of intrinsic factor has been developed. When mouse stomach extract incubated with radiocobalamin is fractionated by gel chromatography, the radioactive complex elutes as a single peak with apparent molecular weight of 54,900. Formation of the complex is greater than 98% inhibited by human anti-intrinsic factor antibody. When the equivalent of 10,000 pg/ml of cobinamide is added to serum, the apparent cobalamin concentration detected averages 8.5 pg/ml. Correlation with the Lactobacillus leichmannii microbiologic assay results in the regression equation y = 0.97x + 20. In six patients who had megaloblastic anemia the serum cobalamin by the mouse intrinsic factor ligand assay ranged from 0 to 9 pg/ml. Because the primary source of intrinsic factor is free of R proteins, there is no need for extensive purification of the extract. The assay is sensitive, precise, and accurate, and no more difficult to perform than other conventional ligand assay procedures. PMID- 7258141 TI - Polypoid melanoma, a virulent variant of the nodular growth pattern. AB - Thirty-two patients who had polypoid melanoma were identified in a registry of 552 melanoma patients. The tumor is regarded as a variant of nodular melanoma and is associated with an increased thickness, more frequent ulceration than the nodular variant of melanoma, younger patient age, and higher probability of occult metastasis. Polypoid melanomas were most frequently present on the trunk, and were also encountered in unusual sites, such as the mucosa of the nose, hard palate, and anorectal junction. In terms of survival, the patients with the polypoid nodular variant fared significantly worse than those with nonpolypoid nodular (P = 0.05) and those with superficial spreading (P = 0.003) melanomas. The five-year survival rate for polypoid variant was 42%, in contrast to 57% for the nonpolypoid nodular and 77% for the superficial spreading melanomas. The poor prognosis of patients who have polypoid melanoma is most likely due to its being the type of melanoma with the deepest penetration at the time of surgical excision. PMID- 7258142 TI - Plasma cell leukemia and myeloma: a scanning electron-microscopic study of cell surface features in six cases. AB - Circulating plasma cells from six patients who had plasma cell leukemia were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. In all cases, leukemic plasma cells constituted more than 60% of the total cell population in the peripheral blood. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the leukemic cells were plasmacytic and that many of them contained parallel arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum and a prominent Golgi apparatus. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed previous observations of cultured myeloma cells and showed that plasma cells display varying numbers of surface blebs in addition to short stublike microvilli. The microvilli were frequently clustered together in one area of the surface. Bleb formation appears to be characteristic of plasma cells, but its nature is still obscure. Current knowledge of this phenomenon is briefly reviewed. PMID- 7258143 TI - Comparison of fresh-frozen plasmas thawed in a microwave oven and in a 37 degrees C water bath. AB - Fresh-frozen plasma can be thawed rapidly in a microwave oven without loss of function of coagulation factors and with no adverse effects to the patients. In patients receiving fresh-frozen plasma thawed in a microwave oven, the prothrombin time was decreased by an average of 2.9 sec per unit, and the activated partial thromboplastin time was decreased by an average of 9.6 sec per unit, compared with decrease of 2.6 sec and 6.3 sec for patients receiving fresh frozen plasma thawed in a water bath at 37 degrees C. PMID- 7258144 TI - Benign glandular inclusion in prostatic nerve. AB - A benign prostate gland containing corpora amylacea within its lumen was observed within a prostatic nerve in the subcapsular region of a radical prostatectomy specimen. It was cytohistologically distinct from the focal high-grade periurethral prostate cancer, from which it was separated by a distance of 2 cm. Perineural invasion represents an intimate neural-epithelial interaction, and evidence is presented to support the notion that nerves may play an active role in the development of such relationships. Nerve growth factors produced by neoplastic tissue may mediate this phenomenon. PMID- 7258146 TI - Autopsy costs in academic centers. PMID- 7258145 TI - Hand-mirror cells--immunologic significance. PMID- 7258147 TI - New tests and changing definitions of disease. PMID- 7258148 TI - Nephrotic syndrome due to preeclamptic nephropathy associated with a transitional mole with coexistence fetus. AB - An unusual case of nephrotic syndrome secondary to preeclamptic nephropathy is documented. The preeclampsia was associated with a transitional mole with coexistent fetus. A review of the literature revealed only one similar case reported previously. Immuno-pathologic examination of the renal biopsy revealed abundant IgM and fibrinogen within the glomeruli; electron microscopy showed numerous subendothelial and occasional intramesangial deposits of electron-dense material. The significance of these findings with regard to the pathogenesis of preeclamptic nephropathy is briefly discussed. PMID- 7258149 TI - Pityrosporum isolate from the upper respiratory tract. AB - A 49-year-old white man experienced maxillary sinus osteitis after removal of a portion of the maxilla containing root tips from a previous molar tooth extraction. After the patient had received long-term antibiotic therapy for that infection, a yeast-like organism was observed on smears from the patient's left nasal passage and its surgically enlarged communication with the maxillary sinus. The fungus has appeared on all subsequent smears, but early attempts to culture the organism were unsuccessful. A lipophilic yeast-like fungus, morphologically similar to the organisms seen on the direct smears and consistent with the genus Pityrosporum, was isolated in culture at this facility. Electron microscopy of the organism revealed cellular morphologic features believed to be unique to the Pityrosporum genus, thereby confirming the identity of the isolate as a member of that genus. PMID- 7258150 TI - The failure of alpha-tocopherol supplementation to alter the distribution of lipoprotein cholesterol in normal and hyperlipoproteinemic persons. PMID- 7258151 TI - The stat laboratory: facilitating blood gas and biochemical measurements for the critically ill and injured. AB - The stat laboratory has evolved to fulfill the need for rapidly available laboratory data in support of clinical decision-making af the bedside of the critically ill or injured patient. The operation of a stat laboratory, which was first organized more than 12 years ago, is described. Methods of organization, instrumentation, technics and sequencing of analyses, and costs for a standard panel of stat laboratory measurements on arterial or mixed venous blood are described. In addition to blood gases, measurements include hematocrit, hemoglobin, oxygen saturation, methemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, blood lactate, plasma electrolytes, plasma osmolality, plasma colloid osmotic pressure, and estimated plasma protein content. The panel of tests is completed and reported within 11 min after a 5-ml sample of arterial or mixed venous blood is delivered to the laboratory. PMID- 7258152 TI - Effects of storage of blood on stability of hematologic parameters. AB - The hematologic parameters of blood stored at 4 degrees C and at room temperature were studied. In blood stored at 4 degrees C with intermittent mixing, leukocyte count, hemoglobin, erythrocyte count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and platelet count showed no statistically significant change for three days. Blood stored at room temperature showed a significant increase in MCV in 24 hours, and corresponding changes occurred in hematocrit and MCHC. It is concluded from these observations that blood from normal healthy donors can serve as an adequate control for the Coulter Counter for three days if kept at 4 degrees C and mixed intermittently. PMID- 7258153 TI - The occurrence and identification of alpha-thalassemia-2 among hemoglobin S heterozygotes. AB - The in-vitro synthesis of hemoglobin (Hb) chains was studied among 60 Hb S heterozygotes (AS) having different quantities of Hb S, including five with an associated alpha-chain heterozygosity (ASAG). Hematologic values and hemoglobin composition were studied in these cases and in 15 other ASAG heterozygotes. The percentages of Hb S (which fell between 27% and 42%) and the mean corpuscular volume values correlated directly with the alpha/non-alpha values, confirming previous suggestions (Huisman, Hemoglobin 1:349, 1977) that the concomitant occurrence of an alpha-thalassemia-2 heterozygosity (alpha alpha(0)/alpha alpha; beta/beta(S)) or homozygosity (alpha(0) alpha/alpha(0) alpha; beta/beta(S)) resulted in intermediate or lower levels of Hb S compared with Hb S heterozygotes having four active alpha-chain genes (alpha alpha/alpha alpha; beta/beta(S)). Among ASAG heterozygotes, the occurrence of low (about 25%), intermediate (about 33%), or high (about 45%) proportions of an alpha-chain variant resulting from a variability in the number of active alpha-chain genes due to alpha-thal-2 coincided with high (39%), intermediate (34%), or low (28%) levels of Hb S, respectively. However, the overlap of biosynthetic data between Hb S heterozygotes with four, three, or two active alpha-chain genes prevents a reliable diagnosis in individual cases. PMID- 7258154 TI - Acute immune intravascular hemolysis due to hydrochlorothiazide. AB - Acute near-fatal intravascular hemolysis and renal failure developed in a patient after he had ingested 15 to 20 tablets of both methyldopa (Aldomet) nd hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril). Serologic test results were inconsistent with those associated with methyldopa-induced hemolytic anemia and suggested that hemolysis was caused by hydrochlorothiazide antibodies reacting by an immune complex mechanism. PMID- 7258155 TI - Clinical evaluation of the Abbott MS-2 antimicrobial susceptibility testing system. AB - Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined for 845 clinical isolates by the standardized Bauer-Kirby disk diffusion method and the automated Abbott Ms-2 system. There was an overall correlation of 90% between the two methods. The Abbott MS-2 susceptibility instrument offers a rapid and accurate method for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria. PMID- 7258156 TI - Use of alpha cyclodextrin to eliminate interference by nonesterified fatty acids in calcium measurements. AB - This study shows that nonesterified fatty acids cause underestimation of serum calcium by some colorimetric methods. The underestimation of calcium occurs infrequently, but can be as large as 20-30 mg/l. Preincubation of the sample with alpha cyclodextrin will eliminate this interference. The procedure is simple, inexpensive, and applicable to most clinical laboratories. PMID- 7258157 TI - A large functioning parathyroid lipoadenoma found in the posterior mediastinum. AB - A patient who was evaluated for a voice change was found to have a large posterior mediastinal mass on chest roentgenogram. Laboratory parameters suggested hyperparathyroidism. The 190-g resected tumor had the histologic features of a parathyroid lipoadenoma, that is, a diffuse mixture of parathyroid glandular elements and fat or myxoid stroma throughout. This case report emphasizes that the large size of these rare tumors may result in herniation into unusual sites, and this gives rise to a confusing clinical presentation. Ultrastructural analysis showed a uniform population of chief cells with a distribution of cellular organelles consistent with slow hormone production and release. Similarities to normal and adenomatous chief cells are discussed. The myxoid stroma surrounding the glandular elements had the ultrastructural features of loose connective tissue. PMID- 7258159 TI - Underachieving high school students as mental health aides with maladapting primary-grade children. AB - Underachieving high school students participated in a companionship program with primary-grade children experiencing either acting-out or shy-anxious school adjustment problems. Program helpers improved significantly more than matched underachieving and average-achieving control groups on several teacher-rated behavioral dimensions. No school participation or sociometric gains were observed, however, and behavioral improvement was eroded at 1-year follow-up. Acting-out children improved significantly more on teacher ratings of classroom adjustment than a matched control group and maintained their advantage at follow up. Shy-anxious children improved significantly less than matched controls. This differential effectiveness is attributed to the fit or match between underachieving students' personal characteristics and natural helping style and the different needs of acting-out and shy-anxious children. PMID- 7258158 TI - Predicting adaptive functioning among mentally ill persons in community settings. AB - Attempts to improve instrumental role performance among mentally ill persons have traditionally focused on the modification of individual level variables. Recent interest in environmental-behavioral linkages, however, has led to attempt to isolate environmental variables which are both readily manipulable and significantly related to improved instrumental role performance. The present study examines the impact of a variety of individual, residential, and community variables on instrumental role performance using multiple regression analysis. The 10 variables in the equation had a multiple r of .77 with total score on the Residential portion of the Adaptive Functioning Index, indicating that they account for 60% of the variance in scores. Individual level variables account for 3% of the variance, while environmental variables, primarily those related to normalization account for 57% of the variance. The data suggest that environmental normalization may be an effective technology as well as an ideology. PMID- 7258160 TI - Predicting client improvement from and satisfaction with community mental health center services. AB - The present study assesses client improvement from and satisfaction with CMHC services, and attempts to examine the presence of positive bias from responders. Results based on questionnaires mailed to 1,000 former clients indicated both high consumer satisfaction and reported improvement attributable to treatment. Responders and nonresponders did not differ on demographic or treatment variables related to post-treatment improvement. A multiple regression analysis was computed and yielded an estimated index of improvement for responders. No differences obtained on this measure between responders and nonresponders, thereby not supporting the presence of a positive bias in this sample. confidence in therapist, satisfaction with the therapeutic relationship, and number of individual sessions were the most positive improvement correlates, with lack of contact and increasing age most negatively related to improvement. Discussion focuses on the implications for generalization of results based on responders' data. PMID- 7258161 TI - Community change agents and health interventions: hypertension screening. AB - This study explores a community-based approach to health care. Community volunteers were trained and then conducted door-to-door screening for hypertension. Three large apartment complexes were selected for screening. In the two experimental communities, a letter was sent to each household soliciting volunteers who were then trained to measure blood pressure, complete data sheets, gain admittance to houses, and make appropriate recommendations for medical consultation. The residents in the control community received letters informing them of the hours during which they could have their blood pressure checked free of charge in the apartment complex rental office. Chi-square tests on number of apartments screened indicated the experimental door-to-door screening methods was significantly more effective than the control central site method. These results demonstrate that the experimental screening project was a highly effective and inexpensive technique for hypertension screening. PMID- 7258162 TI - Myth and reality in the family patterns and treatment of substance abusers. AB - Family therapy has become an increasingly important modality in the treatment of substance abuse over the past decade. As knowledge of family patterns and therapy in this area has increased, many myths have evolved. This article examines these myths and presents the realities as perceived by the author at this time. PMID- 7258163 TI - A critique of Kaufman's "myth and reality in the family patterns and treatment of substance abusers". AB - In questioning many of the myths in this field, Kaufman has made an important contribution to the literature. Much of the material he presents deserves wider dissemination. However, at least four of his 21 "realities" are overstated, and another four are not well founded or are amenable to alternative explanations. The present paper is generally supportive of Kaufman's presentation while also attempting to place certain of the issues in perspective so as to avoid the creation of new myths. PMID- 7258164 TI - Large group influence for decreased drug use: findings from two contemporary religious sects. AB - This paper reports on studies designed to clarify the role of large cohesive groups in effecting diminished drug use among their members. Subjects were drawn from two contemporary religious sects and data were obtained by administering self-report questionnaires under controlled conditions, in cooperation with the sects' leadership. Data which bear directly on changes in drug use are reported here. Members of the Divine Light Mission (DLM), many of whom had been involved in the "counterculture" of the early 1970s, reported incidence of drug use prior to joining which was much above that of a nonmember comparison group. Reported levels were considerably lower after joining, and the decline was maintained over an average membership of 2 years. Unification Church (UC) members showed a similar pattern but their drug use began at a somewhat lower level and declined further still; this reflects a stricter stance toward illicit intoxicants in the UC, and relatively less openness to transcendental altered consciousness, which is an integral part of DLM meditation. Data from persons registered for UC recruitment workshops corroborated retrospective reports of the long-standing members. Changes in the consumption of tranquilizers were also considered. Data on caffeine consumption reflected less strict commitment to controls over this agent. The decline in drug use was considered in relation to feelings of social cohesiveness toward fellow group members, which was a significant predictor of change in drug use in multiple regression analysis. The findings are examined in relation to the interplay between behavioral norms in a close-knit subculture and the role of its beliefs and values in determining levels of drug use. PMID- 7258166 TI - Heroin activity in New York City, 1970-1978. AB - Heroin activity in New York City is traced from 1970 using a variety of indicators. A steady decline in the number of new "intensive" users (those who required treatment) is noted, beginning around 1970. Various possible explanations of this decline are examined. Reductions in the supply of heroin or in the demand for heroin do not appear to be causes of the decline in new users, as these reductions occurred after the decline in new users had already begun. Demographic changes--the passing of the baby boom cohort through the period of highest risk of beginning heroin use--also does not appear to be a viable explanation, as trends in use of other drugs do not show a decline. Changes in attitudes toward heroin as a specific drug are left as the most plausible explanation of the decline in the number of new intensive heroin users. PMID- 7258165 TI - Outpatient methadone withdrawal for heroin dependence. AB - The outcome of outpatient methadone withdrawal reported in 20 published studies during the 1970s varied widely: none to 62% of the patients completed withdrawal, none to 35% became abstinent at termination of withdrawal, and none to 38% were abstinent at follow-up. Although somewhat ambiguous, the results indicated that outpatient withdrawal did not lead to prolonged abstinence in most heroin users. In two studies in San Antonio we attempted to compare opioid use and other behavior during 1 year before and 1 year after outpatient withdrawal. In the first study the before and after comparison of opioid use was unsatisfactory because of follow-up attrition. The frequency of arrest, based on police records and not affected by the follow-up attrition, changed only slightly. In the second study the follow-up attrition was small (8%), and satisfactory comparison could be made. Months abstinent did not increase, but months maintained on methadone increased significantly. The follow-up results did not differ notably from those in inpatient withdrawal. Outpatient withdrawal limited to 21 days has the disadvantage that many persons are prematurely withdrawn and consequently resume heroin use. PMID- 7258167 TI - Opening move in substance abuse therapy: appropriateness of treatment assignment. AB - This study examines the relationships between pretreatment severity of six problem areas commonly affected by addiction and type of discharge from inpatient substance abuse treatment. Subjects were 531 male veterans from five different inpatient substance abuse programs at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Coatesville, Pennsylvania. A comparison of patients in the five programs showed different patterns of problem severity, and different variables emerged as correlates or discriminators of discharge status. Results of multiple discriminant analyses were useful in predicting those patients who received an unfavorable discharge from treatment, although the analyses were not as successful in identifying those patients who received favorable discharges. Based on this data, some approaches to improving the match between patients and programs are discussed. PMID- 7258168 TI - DAWN: a second look--its impact on minorities and public policy. AB - Though various indicators yield different statistics about the minority component of drug problems, Blacks and Hispanics dominate opiate statistics of major data systems. This dominance increases when major consequences--chemotherapy, arrest and, especially, imprisonment--are measured. Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) figures were cited as the exception, but this was due to weaknesses in DAWN reporting and its analysis by experts. Excluding unreliable and unrepresentative crisis center mentions, estimating the Hispanic component of "White" DAWN mentions, and separating opiates from other drugs, the DAWN statistics are very similar to CODAP and arrest statistics. "Hard drugs" remain an essentially minority phenomena. PMID- 7258170 TI - Estimation of alcohol consumption from the health and nutrition examination survey. AB - The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 1971-1973 (HANES) includes four general questions on alcohol intake, whereas historically surveys of drinking have employed detailed questions on the quantity and frequency of drinking wine, beer, and liquor, with and without a measure of variability (QF/QFV); methods have been developed to express both QF and QFV in terms of absolute alcohol intake per day (AA). In order to compare the HANES data on alcohol consumption with data based on these more well-established measures, it is necessary to develop a measure of AA based on the HANES questions, HANESAA, that is comparable to AA based on the QFV questions (AAQFV). In constructing HANESAA, a subset of data from a Western New York State Survey of drinking which employed the QFV questions was used to estimate the responses to the HANES questions which might have been made if these questions had been asked in the same survey. Alcohol intake calculated from this "HANES subset" of data, AAHANES, was found to correlate highly with AAQFV based on the full set of QFV questions (r = .93). Regressions of AAQFV on AAHANES were done to develop equations, the parameters of which were then used to predict HANESAA from the HANES data set. HANES data on drinking, expressed in terms of HANESAA, are compared with data from surveys conducted by Harris in 1972-1974 using QF measures of AA. PMID- 7258169 TI - Increased serum thyroid hormone binding in narcotic addicts is due to liver disease. AB - The cause of increased thyroid hormone binding in narcotic addicts has been investigated. The average T3, T4, and T3 binding ratio were all significantly higher in addicts than in controls. Free T4 and free T3 indices were normal. Those patients who had abnormally high T3 binding ratios had significantly more severe abnormalities of liver function than the other methadone-treated addicts. Together with evidence that chronic active hepatitis in the nonaddicted population is associated with increased serum thyroid hormone binding, these observations lead us to conclude that the increased serum thyroid hormone binding and total thyroid hormone concentration found in sera of narcotic addicts is due to associated liver disease. PMID- 7258171 TI - The course of inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy and postpartum. AB - To determine whether pregnancy influences the course of inflammatory bowel disease, a survey of 324 patients, 178 with ulcerative colitis and 146 with Crohn's disease was carried out. During pregnancy, 70% of the patients remained unchanged or improved, whereas 30% developed exacerbations. The course of the disease was significantly milder in patients who became pregnant while in remission, as compared to those with moderate to severe disease (P less than 0.001). Postpartum, only 13% of patients, with quiescent to mild disease at term, experienced moderate to severe disease in contrast to 53% of those with active disease (P less than 0.001). We conclude that: 1. The course of inflammatory bowel disease is not adversely affected by concurrent pregnancy or postpartum 2. Exacerbations during or after pregnancy are more frequent in patients with active or uncontrolled disease. 3. Since the risk of relapse during pregnancy and postpartum is significantly lower in patients with inactive disease, treatment designed to induce and maintain remission in the course of pregnancy should minimize such exacerbations. PMID- 7258172 TI - Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis: a complication of systemic chemotherapy. AB - A case of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis following administration of chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease is presented. Because of a poor response to nonoperative management, a subtotal colectomy was performed. Although the pathogenesis of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is not entirely clear, it seems likely that, in this case, mucosal ulceration secondary to methyl-gag allowed intraluminal air to dissect into the intestinal wall and surrounding retroperitoneal tissues. Because pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is often reversible and self-limited, fecal diversion in lieu of bowel resection is entertained as a possible alternative in the operative management of selected cases. In the case presented resection was performed because of extent of the pathologic process. PMID- 7258173 TI - Histoclinical long-standing follow-up study of hyperplastic polyps of the stomach. AB - In a series of 2,013 gastric polyps in 1,201 patients, morphological and histopathological studies have been performed. Ninety-three hyperplastic polyps in 56 patients have been followed-up endoscopically and histopathologically for five to 12 years. The incidence of detection of gastric polyps has increased: 1.4% in 1967 to 8.7% in 1979 year by year. Thirty patients (54%) among the 56 showed changes in number, size or shape of polyps during follow-up. Twenty patients (37%) revealed numerical changes (increase in 16 patients, reversion in three patients and vanishing in two patients). Twenty-eight polyps (30%) showed morphological changes, six of them showed continuous enlargement, 18 lesions repeated enlargement, stationary or reduction stages, three lesions were reversed and two polyps disappeared. Histopathologically, three lesions showed transformation from the hyperplastic type to adenoma while demonstrating morphological enlargement. Two of these showed increase in cellular atypia, from the hyperplastic type through adenoma with severe atypia and finally to carcinoma in the polypectomy specimens. From this study, it was concluded that although hyperplastic polyps show changes in size, shape or number with passage of time, malignant changes occur in only a few cases. PMID- 7258174 TI - Gastric function in hypopituitarism: a biochemical study. AB - The specific trophic effects of gastrointestinal hormones on gastric function are now recognized. In addition, pituitary, thyroid and adrenal hormones play an important role in maintaining over all gastric function. The majority of studies regarding hormonal effects on the stomach, however, have been carried out only in experimental animals. This paper reports a patient with gastric atrophy and hypopituitarism. Following therapy of the hypopituitarism with cortisone acetate, sodium levothyroxine and testosterone, the following observations were made: serum gastrin increased 137%; mucosal DNA synthesis and content and gastric acid secretion all increased. These data indicate in this one patient the role of these hormones in gastric function. PMID- 7258175 TI - Splenic pseudocyst associated with hypersplenism. AB - A patient with hypersplenism, who was found to have a splenic pseudocyst containing an organized hematoma, is described. There are only two patients with splenic pseudocyst and hypersplenism and an additional two patients with splenic cysts and hypersplenism reported in the world literature. The hypersplenism associated with splenic cysts and pseudocysts is explained on the basis of an expansion of the plasma volume and the total blood volume, an increased destruction of red blood cells and a pooling of blood in the enlarged spleen. The combined use of ultrasonography and computerized tomography has increased the accuracy of noninvasive diagnosis and made more invasive examinations unnecessary. When the ultrasound is technically unsuccessful or when it shows a mixed echo pattern, one should resort to computerized tomography with which it is possible, almost invariably, to differentiate between cysts and neoplasms. PMID- 7258176 TI - Spontaneous regression of disseminated gastric leiomyoblastoma: a 29-year follow up. AB - Spontaneous regression of tumor metastases is a rare phenomenon. We report a patient with gastric leiomyoblastoma with extensive peritoneal metastases who had an incomplete excision of the primary. He has survived 29 years since the diagnosis was first documented. He received no adjuvant therapy. PMID- 7258177 TI - Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: review of 25 patients. AB - Twenty-five patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma have been seen in Memorial Hospital since 1950. None of them had a history of exposure to asbestos and no clear etiologic factor could be determined in any of the patients. Two patients had signs of ectopic hormone production. The tumors tended to be locally invasive but distant hematogenous metastases were not seen in any of the patients. Surgery was not effective, as most patients had extensive intra abdominal disease at the time of laparotomy. There were four long-term survivors. All of them were treated with external radiotherapy and 32P instillation after surgery. The response to chemotherapy was poor except for one partial response to combined therapy with adriamycin and radiation. Most patients died of extensive abdominal disease with a median survival of only 12 months. PMID- 7258178 TI - Polyposis coli presenting with Streptococcus bovis endocarditis. AB - Streptococcus bovis bacteremia is an important early clue to the presence of serious and clinically unexpected gastrointestinal disease, particularly carcinoma of the colon. S. bovis bacteremia has also been associated with carcinoma of the esophagus and stomach, gastric lymphoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, intestinal diverticulosis and single adenomatous polyps and villous polyps of the colon. We report a patient with S. bovis endocarditis as the initial clinical manifestation of extensive polyposis of the colon and rectum. All patients with S. bovis bacteremia need thorough investigation of their gastrointestinal tract even in the absence of symptoms, signs, or positive laboratory tests suggestive of gastrointestinal pathology. PMID- 7258179 TI - Multiple bronchogenic cysts of the esophagus. AB - Esophageal location of bronchogenic cysts is rare especially if two cysts are present. We report such a case in a girl 17 years old who had several intramural esophageal smooth defects which looked like multiple leiomyomatosis of the esophagus. At surgery there were two bronchogenic cysts arising in the wall of the esophagus and lying on each side of the azygos arch. PMID- 7258180 TI - Late relapses in Hodgkin disease. AB - Among a cohort of 142 patients with Hodgkin disease (HD), pathologic stages (PS) IA through IVB, 84 remained in complete remission (CR) at least 3 years after the completion of initial protocol therapy. Eight of these patients subsequently developed a recurrence of HD and were defined as having a late relapse. The disease-free interval ranged from 37 to 76 months (median 53 months). Six of the relapse patterns were those of dissemination. All patients were salvaged and are in CR from 14 to 50 months after relapse. The actuarial survival, measured from the time of relapse, of the eight late-relapsing patients was superior to the actuarial survival of 38 patients with early relapse (disease-free interval less than 36 months), but as yet this difference is not statistically significant (P = 0.07, Gehan). PMID- 7258182 TI - Platelet dysfunction in myeloproliferative syndromes. AB - The most common abnormality of the platelets in 43 patients with a variety of myeloproliferative syndromes was impaired or absent aggregation when stimulated with collagen and adrenaline. Eight unselected cases studied in more detail showed a normal prostaglandin synthesis pathway as evidenced by normal aggregation with arachidonic acid and the production of normal amounts of malonyldialdehyde. Mixing experiments with aspirin-tested platelets showed correction of the abnormal adrenaline and collagen responses and confirmed that the nature of the defect was different from that induced by aspirin. Stimulation of "myeloproliferative" platelets with thrombin after blocking the prostaglandin pathway with aspirin resulted in reduced aggregation, indicating either a deficiency of the storage pool of adenine nucleotides in the platelets or an abnormality of a membrane receptor for thrombin. PMID- 7258181 TI - Hereditary pyruvate kinase abnormalities associated with erythrocytosis. AB - A familial erythrocytosis is described. The propositus is a 52-year-old man who was found, on routine testing, to have an erythrocytosis with a Hb level of 19.8 g/dl. Physical examination and laboratory findings revealed an associated hemolysis. The P50 of the stripped hemolysis was normal. The 2,3-DPG level was reduced to 15% of normal but that of ATP was increased more than twofold. Red cell diphosphoglycerate mutase activity was normal as were the levels of all red cell glycolytic and hexose monophosphate shunt enzymes with the exception of pyruvate kinase (PK). The level of the latter was elevated to 24.5 U/g (normal: 6.2 +/- 1.1). The electrophoretic pattern of hemolysate PK was abnormal, showing three additional bands, one of these migrated as the M2 isozyme. The findings were similar in the propositus's daughter and her daughter and in one of the two brothers of the propositus. The second brother and the son of the first brother was exhibited erythrocytosis but their red cell 2,3-DPG levels were normal. In addition, the level of their RBC PK was reduced to between 50% and 60% of normal and the abnormal electrophoretic bands were absent. The erythrocytosis appears to be inherited as an autosomal-dominant trait. The relationship between the PK abnormalities appears complex. PMID- 7258183 TI - Intracranial extramedullary hematopoiesis in beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E disease. PMID- 7258184 TI - Factor VII deficiency. AB - This report describes three patients with factor (F) VII deficiency: two adult siblings and an unrelated 5 1/2-month-old child who succumbed after several central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhages. This event prompted a review of the literature concerning the incidence and characteristics of intracranial hemorrhage in congenital F VII deficiency. Of 138 patients reported to have F VII deficiency, only 75 were considered to have a true deficiency. There was a 1:1 sex distribution with a 19% incidence of consanguinity in the 63 families which these 75 patients represented. CNS hemorrhage occurred in 12 of the 75 proven factor-deficient patients -- an incidence of 16.0%. There was a 1.4:1 female predominance in this group with a 44.4% incidence of consanguinity in their nine families. Except for one patient with hypertension, there was no history of preceding trauma or previous underlying CNS abnormality, though head trauma with a difficult vaginal delivery may have occurred in five infants. Diagnostic lumbar puncture or ventricular tap revealed bloody, xanthochromic cerebrospinal fluid in five. Five patients with F VII deficiency developed a CNS hemorrhage prior to 1 week of age, and none survived. Seven patients older than 1 week of age suffered such an event, and four of these survived. It is concluded that the greatest risk factor for development of CNS hemorrhage is trauma related to the birth process. PMID- 7258185 TI - Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in a female with an X/autosome translocation: further evidence that the DMD locus is at Xp21. AB - An isolated case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in a female who has a de novo t(X;5)(p21;q35) translocation is described. The similarities between this patient and four previously reported females with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are discussed. It is concluded that the locus for Duchenne muscular dystrophy is at Xp21 and, furthermore, that this site may be particularly susceptible both to chromosome breakage and exchange and to gene mutation. PMID- 7258187 TI - An alternate method for demonstration of erythrocytic aminotransferases on starch gels. AB - A two-stage procedure using MTT tetrazolium for the demonstration of aminotransferases (GPT and GOT) either singly or together was developed. Identification of phenotypes was unequivocal in over 99% of the individuals studied. PMID- 7258186 TI - A simple method for testing two-locus models of inheritance. AB - A graphic method for testing simple two-locus models of inheritance is developed. The model assumes two alleles at each locus where both loci exhibit dominant, both exhibit recessive, or one locus exhibits dominant and one locus exhibits recessive inheritance. Examples of applying the graphs using published data on three diseases are given. PMID- 7258190 TI - Prenatal monitoring and genetic counseling in a 47, XXX female with the oro facial digital syndrome-type 1. PMID- 7258189 TI - Haptoglobin polymorphism among Saharian and West African groups. Haptoglobin phenotype determination by radioimmunoelectrophoresis on Hp O samples. AB - The haptoglobin (Hp) polymorphism is investigated in 11 African groups living in an area from the Algerian Sahara to Central Africa. More than 4,000 samples were examined. In the Saharian samples, the Hp1 gene frequency is higher than in any other African group. From north to south, a decrease in the Hp1 gene frequency is observed; in the Pygmy sample only, this frequency is lower than the frequency of the Hp2 gene. By means of a sensitive radioimmunoelectrophoresis, the presence of a residual Hp in Hp O sera in which the Hp polymorphism can also be determined can be revealed. Absence of Hp 1-1 and significant excess of Hp 2-2 individuals were observed. More Hp 2-1M phenotypes were detected in the Hp O population than in the non-Hp O population examined. In the Hp O samples, the influence of the phenotype distribution on the Hp gene frequencies is discussed. The heavy polymers of the Hp related to the presence of the alpha 2 chain (Hp2 gene product) are involved only in the biological mechanisms responsible for the presence of Hp O and Hp 2-1 M phenotypes among African groups. PMID- 7258188 TI - Prevention of homozygous beta-thalassemia by carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis in Sardinia. AB - We report here results of a 3-year pilot voluntary screening program coupled with prenatal diagnosis directed to the prospective prevention of homozygous beta thalassemia (beta-thal) in Sardinia. The screening program took two approaches: outreach community testing and hospital testing on request after a period of sensibilization. The outreach testing was very effective as, taking into account the already known number of couples at risk with an affected proband (20), 74% of the couple at risk expected (61) on the basis of the carrier rate were identified. Less effective was the hospital testing in which half of the couples at risk expected were detected (502 with the 199 without an affected proband). After nondirective genetic counseling, approximately 85% of the couples at risk, which had a pregnancy, with no statistically significant difference between those with and those without a proband, requested prenatal testing. This figure showed a steadily increase from the beginning in 1977 to 1980. All the pregnancies (42), but two carrying homozygous fetuses, were terminated on parental request. A continuous hospital survey of thal-major admissions in the different hospitals of the counties showed a steady decline in the incidence figure at birth from 1976 (1:213) to 1978 (1:290). These results showed that even in a medium-developed, rural, Catholic population screening coupled with prenatal diagnosis can be successful in the control of a fatal, recessively inherited disorder. PMID- 7258191 TI - Communication between the antitrust and the health law bars: appeals for more effective dialogue and a new rule of reason. PMID- 7258192 TI - Applying antitrust law to medical credentialing. AB - This Article analyzes the possible antitrust liability of medical credentialing programs by dividing their potentially anticompetitive acts into three categories: (1) communicative behavior--for example, credentialing agencies' promulgation of standards--designed primarily to influence government decision making; (2) communicative behavior designed to influence private decision makers, such as consumers, hospitals, and training programs; and (3) noncommunicative behavior--for example, an agreement by the credentialing agency and others to boycott a group of professionals--that might be used to exclude competitors from various fields of medical care. The author argues that the first amendment of the U.S. Constitution, together with the related Noerr-Pennington doctrine, should exempt from antitrust law any credentialing standard that has been adopted for a good-faith purpose and is at least arguably reasonable. On the other hand, the author also argues that antitrust law should condemn any "sham" standard that in fact is designed to eliminate or to punish competitors, and any other noncommunicative behavior by credentialing agencies for the same purpose. PMID- 7258193 TI - Environmental health: an analysis of available and proposed remedies for victims of toxic waste contamination. AB - Past and present residents of the Love Canal area near Niagara Falls, New York, fear that they and their homes have been contaminated by toxic wastes seeping out from nearby chemical disposal sites. Hundreds of landfills nationwide are as potentially dangerous as Love Canal. In the absence of a statutory remedy, victims of contamination must rely upon common law theories of lability in order to recover damages for injuries suffered as a result of toxic waste contamination. This Note examines the merits and deficiencies of four common law theories: negligence, strict liability, nuisance and trespass. The Note concludes that none of these remedies is adequate to assure recovery to a person injured by toxic waste disposal, and recommends that legislation be adopted to ensure that victims of toxic waste contamination can be compensated for their injuries. PMID- 7258194 TI - Statutes of limitations: the special problem of DES suits. AB - In 1971, medical studies determined that DES causes a rare type of vaginal cancer in a small number of daughters of mothers who took DES during pregnancy. Subsequently, medical studies determined that exposure to DES can cause other vaginal abnormalities in the daughters, some of which may be precancerous. As a result of these discoveries, many lawsuits have been filed by these daughters against DES manufacturers. Many DES suits may be barred by statutes of limitations, both because the number of years between the daughters' exposure to DES in utero and the discovery that DES can cause injuries exceeds the statutory period, and because the cancer or other injuries caused by DES may not develop for many additional years. This Note discusses two methods that DES plaintiffs may be able to use to overcome the potential statutes of limitations bar: the discovery rule, and state provisions which toll the statute of limitations for minors. The Note contends that courts should apply an expanded discovery rule to DES suits to avoid the unfair result of barring a claim before the plaintiff could have known that she had a cause of action. In addition, the Note argues that the injury which causes the statute of limitations to begin to run in DES suits should not be rigidly defined. Finally, the Note urges that courts allow eligible DES plaintiffs to take advantage of applicable state provisions that toll the statute of limitations for minors. PMID- 7258195 TI - Stability of diluted heparin sodium stored in plastic syringes. AB - The stability of heparin diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and stored in plastic syringes for a three-week period was studied. Heparin activity was assayed by the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) method. Heparin sodium (25,000 units/ml) was diluted to 500 units/ml and stored in 50-ml polypropylene syringes. Concentrations were compared in two brands of syringes stored at room temperature in the dark. In another experiment controlled for order-related assay errors, heparin was stored in one brand by syringe at either 0-4 degrees C or room temperature. There was a statistically decrease in heparin activity over three weeks in both syringes and at both 0-4 degrees C and room temperature. However, the overall drop in activity was only about 8%. Analysis of covariance confirmed significant regression with time at both temperatures. An unexpected finding was that heparin at 500 units/ml consistently assayed higher than this value. A study of the effect of glass and plastic showed that when heparin was diluted into either a glass or plastic container, there was significantly less heparin activity in the glass containers within two hours. One possible explantation for this phenomenon is absorption of heparin to glass surfaces. It was concluded that heparin can be stored in polypropylene syringe for up to three weeks without refrigeration. However, once diluted, heparin should not be stored in glass containers. PMID- 7258196 TI - Stability of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole injection in two infusion fluids. AB - The concentrations over time of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in solution after preparations of admixtures of TMP-SMZ in 5% dextrose injection (D5W) and in 0.9% sodium chloride injection (NS) were measured. Admixtures (50 ml) containing three TMP concentrations (0.64 mg/ml, 1.6 mg/ml, and 3.2 mg/ml) and three SMZ concentrations (3.2 mg/ml, 8.0 mg/ml, and 16 mg/ml) were prepared in D5W or NS, representing 1:25 v/v, 1:10 v/v, and 1:5 v/v dilutions of TMP-SMZ injection, respectively. Aliquots of each admixture were obtained immediately upon dilution and after 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours. The aliquots were filtered and assayed for TMP and SMZ by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Each mixture was inspected visually for any changes in clarity or color, and the pH of each admixture was measured over time. The concentration of SMZ in all admixtures remained constant over 24-hour study period. The TMP concentration did not change significantly (less than 10% of initial concentration) after 1:25 v/v dilutions in either D5W or NS for up to four hours. With a dilution of 1:10 v/vv D5W TMP was stable at D5W for up to two hours. TMP precipitated rapidly in dilutions of 1:5 v/v in either D5W or NS. The pH of the admixtures ranged from 9.39 to 10.10. D5W is the preferred diluent for TMP-SMZ injection if a dilution ratio of 1:10 v/v is desired. Either D5W or NS may be used if a dilution ratio of 1:25 v/v is desired. PMID- 7258197 TI - Pilferage of controlled substances in hospitals. AB - The incidence of pilferage of controlled substances and the systems of monitoring and surveillance of controlled substances in hospitals were studied. A questionnaire was mailed to a random samples of 285 pharmacy directors in short term medical and surgical hospitals nationwide. Of the 162 respondents, 103 (64%) reported at least one documented or suspected case of pilferage in the past year. These 103 hospitals reported 352 separate incidence of controlled substances theft involving 11,285 dosage units. Drug diversion occurred in 76% of the hospitals with more than 100 beds and in only 28% of the hospitals with less than 100 beds. Nurses were implicated in 69% of the incidents; pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in 12%; housekeeping personnel in 4.7%; unit-ward clerks in 3.5%; and physicians in 2.4%. These incidents most frequency involved: meperidine, morphine, cocaine, oxycodone, hydromorphone, propoxyphene, pentazocine, diazepam, and codeine products. Larger hospitals, those with more frequent inventory audits, those that disperse controlled substances throughout their drug stock, and those that have more pharmacy personnel involved in the distribution of controlled substances all had a relatively higher incidence of pilferage. It was concluded that a substantial amount of pilferage of controlled substances occurs in hospitals and that more stringent methods of control and surveillance are needed. PMID- 7258199 TI - Compliance with federal regulations for pharmaceutical services in skilled nursing facilities. AB - The extent of consultant pharmacist compliance with federal regulations for pharmaceutical services in skilled nursing facilities is reported. Twenty geriatric nursing facilities in Indiana were surveyed over a five-month period. The performance of consultant pharmacists was rated with regard to their facility and patient monitoring functions and their administrative (policy development) activities. Their facility monitoring functions and their patient monitoring functions consisted of both clinical and supervisory responsibilities. Performance was rated on a 4-point scale with a ranking of less than 75% considered unsatisfactory. Eighty percent of the pharmacists were performing their facility monitoring clinical activities at or above an 80% performance level. Ninety-five percent of the pharmacists were performing their facility monitoring supervisory functions at or above an 80% performance level. The supervisory components of patient monitoring were being performed at a mean level of 89%, in contrast to a level of 62% found for the clinical components of patient monitoring. The patient monitoring functions were being performed below the satisfactory level of 75% of the consultant pharmacists. The younger pharmacist (ages 25-28) were performing the patient monitoring clinical functions at a significantly higher level (p less than 0.01) that the pharmacists in the older age group. Seventy percent of the pharmacists were performing their administrative functions at a satisfactory level. PMID- 7258198 TI - Pharmaceutical services in hospices. AB - Hospices were surveyed to identify the types of pharmaceutical services provided. The directors of 75 hospice organizations were sent questionnaires regarding: (1) the type and scope of pharmaceutical services and (2) their conception of the future of the hospice movement. Of the 48 usable responses, 37 reported pharmacist affiliation. Of the 11 organizations that did not have a pharmacist affiliated, 10 reported they anticipated using a pharmacist's services in the future. Most (68%) pharmacists who worked in hospices were consultants. Pharmaceutical services included the development of policies and procedures regarding drug storage and handling, inservice education, drug information, and patient education. Of the organizations without a pharmacist, 91% provided only outpatient care; of hospices with pharmacists, 51% provided outpatient, 14% inpatient, and 36% outpatient and inpatient care. Forty-six percent of the hospice directors considered the pharmacist affiliated with their organization to be a member of the interdisciplinary team; 55% of such pharmacists worked full time with the hospice. Hospice directors expressed a need for greater pharmacist involvement in inservice education, staff consultation, and research on pain. PMID- 7258200 TI - Audit of lidocaine use. AB - An audit of lidocaine use in critical-care areas of a hospital is reported. Fifty adult patients for whom lidocaine was prescribed were admitted to the study; 31 were men. Using process, outcome, and complication criteria, the investigators reviewed the patients' medical records. If a deviation from accepted criteria was found, a medical audit committee (composed of physicians) reviewed the records and decided if the deviation was warranted. The audit results showed good compliance with the established criteria. Some minimal deficiencies were found in how lidocaine administration was initiated (6%), when a constant infusion was begun (12%), the rate of constant infusion (2%), and converting to oral therapy (2%). There was substantial deviation from criteria when ventricular arrhythmias recurred during lidocaine therapy. No major deficiencies in management of lidocaine toxicity were found. Recommendations that resulted from the audit are discussed. PMID- 7258201 TI - Effect of activated charcoal administration on acetylcysteine serum levels in humans. AB - The effect of orally administered activated charcoal on the absorption of acetylcysteine in three men was studied. Each of the three volunteers was given 140 mg/kg acetylcysteine as a single oral dose. Blood samples were taken at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after acetylcysteine ingestion. Following a one week washout period, each subject was given orally 50 g of Activated Charcoal, USP, 15 minutes before a 140-mg/kg acetylcysteine oral dose. Blood samples were taken. Acetylcysteine content in the plasma was determined with a high-pressure ion-exchange chromatography system using a gold-mercury electrochemical cell. No statistically significant differences were found between total areas under the curves, peak concentrations, or time of peak concentrations of acetylcysteine given with or without charcoal. Although acetylcysteine absorption was delayed in two patients, the differences were not significant. These data suggest that acetylcysteine absorption is not impaired by activated charcoal administration. This conflicts with previously published in vitro data; therefore, it is recommended that activated charcoal should not be administered concomitantly with acetylcysteine as a usual procedure until more data are available. PMID- 7258202 TI - Oral ethanol doses in patients with methanol poisoning. PMID- 7258203 TI - Allergy to aminophylline: lack of predictability by skin testing. AB - Problems with determining hypersensitivity to aminophylline, ethylenediamine, and theophylline with intradermal skin tests and patch tests are reported in three patients. Three patients were tested with intradermal injections of 0.9% sodium chloride, 1% aminophylline, 1% ethylenediamine, and 0.5% theophylline following apparent allergic reactions to aminophylline. Patch testing using hydrophilic ointment base, 1% aminophylline, 1% ethylenediamine, and 0.5% theophylline was also done. All three patients had no reaction to intradermal sodium chloride or theophylline; all patch tests were negative. The first patient reacted to ethylenediamine strongly and to aminophylline more weakly; punch biopsy of the ethylenediamine reaction site showed a direct toxic effect with no allergic component. Punch biopsy of the aminophylline site showed a typical hypersensitivity reaction. Two concentrations (0.5% and 1.0%) of ethylenediamine injection were used to test the second patient, and he reacted to both concentrations but not to any other injections. His positive reactions contained blisters rather than the typical wheal-and-flare reaction of hypersensitivity. The third patient had similar responses including reactions to 0.5% and 0.1% ethylenediamine (he was not tested with 1% ethylenediamine). Skin testing may be of value in predicting aminophylline or ethylenediamine allergy, but the nonspecific toxic effect of ethylenediamine makes interpretation difficult. PMID- 7258204 TI - Treatment of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis with metronidazole. AB - A case of successful treatment of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis with oral metronidazole is reported. A 67-year-old man developed diarrhea shortly after a 10-day course of oral ampicillin. His diarrhea, consisting of 10 to 12 loose stools a day, had continued for approximately two weeks and was accompanied with abdominal cramping, fever, anorexia, and weight loss. Stool specimen was streaked with blood. Proctoscopic examination revealed a spotty mucous exudate. Rectal biopsy analysis was consistent with pseudomembranous colitis. Metronidazole was initiated at a dose of 500 mg orally three times daily and continued for 10 days. By the third day, the patient was having one bowel movement daily. Proctoscopic examination after 10 days of therapy showed marked improvement with no evidence of pseudomembranous exudate. One month later the patient remained symptom-free. PMID- 7258205 TI - Economic status of callers to a poison center. PMID- 7258206 TI - Hospital drug use review in a developing country. PMID- 7258207 TI - Tobramycin penetration into pericardial fluid. PMID- 7258208 TI - Biological safety cabinets for chemotherapy preparation. PMID- 7258209 TI - Certifying that medications are not expired. PMID- 7258210 TI - Promotion of intramuscular diazepam questioned. PMID- 7258211 TI - Other views on erythromycin selection. PMID- 7258212 TI - Intravenous fat emulsion test-dose infusion rate for preterm infants. PMID- 7258213 TI - Water permeation through polyvinyl chloride bags without overwrap. AB - Water loss by permeation from polyvinyl chloride i.v. containers (Viaflex, Travenol Laboratories) without an overwrap is reported. Viaflex bags without the overwrap containing 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection in 50 ml, 100-ml, 500-ml, and 1000-ml sizes were used. All sizes were stored at room temperatures (25 degrees C) and in a refrigerator (4-8 degrees C); the two smaller sizes were additionally in a frost-free freezer (-20 degrees C) and in a non-frost-free freezer (-20 degrees C). Ten bags of each type were stored for 84 days; each container weighed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days. Based on the weight change exhibited during this initial period, the time required to lose 10% of the weight was predicted. The bags were stored for that period of time and then weighed. The weight loss exhibited zero-order kinetics. At room temperature, the 50-ml containers of both solutions lost greater than 10% during the 84-day period. During this time, the 100-ml containers of both solutions lost 9% of their weight. Weight loss in the larger sizes was less than 5% during the 84-day period at room temperature. Under the colder storage conditions, weight loss averaged much less than 5% for all sizes during the 84 days. During extended storage, weight loss continued at the same rate for the 100 ml container but was slower for the larger sizes. The Viaflex container without the overwrap may be stored in a refrigerator or freezer for up to 84 days without substantial loss of water by permeation. PMID- 7258215 TI - The loss of charity in the practice of medicine. PMID- 7258214 TI - Doctors abroad and at home: American medical education in 1981. PMID- 7258216 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid to serum glucose ratios in diabetes mellitus and bacterial meningitis. AB - Although calculation of the cerebrospinal fluid to serum glucose ratio is widely recommended as a way to identify pathologic hypoglycorrhachia, few data are available to document its accuracy. In order to provide a better basis for interpretation of this quotient, simultaneous cerebrospinal fluid and serum glucose concentrations from patients with diabetes mellitus and noninflammatory cerebrospinal fluid and patients with acute bacterial meningitis were compared. Cerebrospinal fluid to serum glucose ratios were significantly lower in the patients with meningitis (Mann-Whitney U Test, p less than 0.001). A ratio of 0.31 provided the best differentiation between the two groups. Ratios were below this level in 25 of 64 patients with meningitis, including 10 in whom the absolute cerebrospinal fluid glucose concentration was not below 40 mg/dl. In 35 of 36 uninfected diabetic subjects, ratios were 0.31 or greater. In the sole exception, concentrated glucose solution had been given intravenously shortly before lumbar puncture, Use of the cerebrospinal fluid to serum ratio, in addition to the absolute cerebrospinal fluid glucose concentration, increases sensitivity in detecting pathologic hypoglycorrhachia with little loss in specificity. PMID- 7258217 TI - Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol correlates with presence but not severity of coronary artery disease. PMID- 7258218 TI - Alcohol increases sleep apnea and oxygen desaturation in asymptomatic men. AB - Using standard sleep techniques, we performed a placebo-controlled and randomized study to assess the effect of alcohol ingestion (2 ml/kg of body weight) on breathing and oxygen saturation during sleep. Twenty asymptomatic men volunteered for the two-night study: 11 were given a placebo on night 1, and alcohol on night 2 (group A); nine were given alcohol on night 1 and a placebo on night 2 (group B). We compared the incidence of sleep events (apnea, hypopnea and arterial oxygen disaturation) during the nights the subjects received alcohol and during the nights they received the placebo. Alcohol was associated with significant increases in the occurrence of the following: the number of sleep events (207 to 383,p less than 0.01), the events of arterial oxygen disaturation (118 to 226, p less than 0.01) and the number of apneic events (20 to 110, p less than 0.01). Alcohol had no significant effects on the number of times hypopnea occurred. Values obtained during sleep on the control night after alcohol ingestion also showed that the episodes of arterial oxygen desaturation remained statistically increased over control values before the ingestion of any alcohol (p = 0.01). These results show that in asymptomatic men alcohol ingestion increases the incidence of arterial oxygen desaturation and disordered breathing during sleep and that the increase in arterial oxygen desaturation persists for an additional night, even when no alcohol is consumed. PMID- 7258220 TI - Performance of U.S. citizen-foreign medical graduates on certifying examinations in internal medicine. AB - Increasing numbers of U.S. citizens are studying medicine abroad and returning for graduate medical education and practice. The numbers and performance of U.S. citizen and all other graduates of foreign medical schools on the certifying examination of the American Board of Internal Medicine were compared with those of graduates of U.S. medical schools for 1975-1980. Numbers of first-taker U.S. citizen foreign medical school graduates increased whereas numbers of all other foreign medical school graduates decreased during this period. In 1980, U.S. citizens represented 19 percent of all first-taker foreign medical school graduates. During the study period, annual examinations were passed by 79 to 82 percent of U.S. medical school graduates, 15 to 38 percent of U.S. citizen foreign medical school graduates, and 27 to 45 percent of all other foreign medical school graduates taking an examination for the first time. On each examination, U.S. citizen foreign medical school graduates did not do as well as all other foreign medical school graduates. Members of all groups met the same postdoctoral training requirements. PMID- 7258219 TI - Early appearance of MB-creatine kinase activity in nontransmural myocardial infarction detected by a sensitive assay for the isoenzyme. AB - The early release patterns of MB-creatine kinase (CK-MB) in myocardial ischemia and infarction are largely unknown. We utilized a sensitive column chromatographic assay of CK-MB activity (precision = 1.1 IU/liter) and sequential CK-MB samples were obtained during the first 6 hours of illness to define the early time course of enzyme release. The average CK-MB in 39 normal subjects was 2.4 +/- 0.93 (mean +/- standard deviation (SD)). Twenty-two patients with ischemic chest pain, in whom myocardial infarction did not develop, were characterized by normal CK-MB's (2.4 +/- 1.0). Of 39 patients in whom transmural myocardial infarction developed, 28 (72 percent) were found to have abnormal CK MB either initially or over a 20-minute sampling period. In contrast, 100 percent of the patients considered to have sustained a nontransmural myocardial infarction had abnormal initial CK-MBs and subsequently demonstrated significant increases in CK-MB from 28 +/- 19 initially to 41 +/- 30 IU/liter (P less than 0.01, N = 16) over the 20-minute sampling period. Thus, CK-MB appears earlier in plasma following nontransmural myocardial infarction than transmural myocardial infarction, probably reflecting perfusion to ischemic myocardium. PMID- 7258223 TI - Familial insertional translocation of a portion of 3q into 11q resulting in duplication and deletion of region 3q22.1 leads to q24 in different offspring. AB - The use of elongated prophase and prometaphase chromosome preparations has allowed detection of an insertion of a small segment of 3q into 11q in a kindred with 4 balanced carriers and 8 unbalanced offspring. Those with partial 3q deletion have a true multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome with an appearance suggestive of the Schwartz-Jampel syndrome. PMID- 7258221 TI - Alcoholism: blocks to diagnosis and treatment. AB - Physicians fail to recognize alcoholism if patients do not attribute their suffering to drinking problems. Underutilization of logical diagnostic strategies reflects lack of knowledge of the multitude of presentations of alcoholism, as well as lack of supervised experience with patients who are unable to be forthright about problems because of psychologic and cognitive impairments due to the illness process and to toxic effects of alcohol. Negative attitudes of both physician and patient inhibit the establishment of a partnership and the setting of treatment goals. Difficulties arise from unspoken agreement to not accept or confront the diagnosis, to ignore the need for assistance, and to downplay abstinence from alcohol and tranquilizers. We present herein a rational framework for understanding typical diagnostic problems. We discuss accepted counselling principles and their usefulness in the approach to alcoholic patients. Diagnostic acumen and patient management are easily improved, and physicians need not feel hopeless and helpless when faced by alcoholism problems. PMID- 7258222 TI - A unique patient with coexisting cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis and beta sitosterolemia. AB - An adult Chinese man presented with tendinous and tuberous xanthomatosis and severe atheromatous changes in the coronary arteries. In addition, he had chronic hemolytic anemia, with spherostomatocytic erythrocytes. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis was diagnosed on the basis of increased cholestanol levels in his plasma, red cells and xanthoma, changes in bile acid composition due to the defective synthesis of chenodeoxycholic acid. Coexisting beta-sitosterolemia was confirmed by the finding of large amounts of the plant sterols such as beta sitosterol and campesterol. This is the first report of these two rare lipid storage disorders in the same patient. PMID- 7258224 TI - Brief clinical report: the del(4) (q31) syndrome- a recognizable disorder with atypical Robin malformation sequence. AB - Deletions of the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 4 have been reported previously in 6 patients. With the addition of our patient with 46,XX,del(4) (pter leads to q31:), it becomes clearer that this is a recognizable syndrome. None of the 7 patients has had prenatal growth deficiency, while postnatal growth deficiency has been variable. The syndrome is typified by a Robin malformation sequence without apparent catch-up growth of the mandible, anomalous auricles, a short nasal septum with a depressed nasal bridge, absent 5th finger creases, clinodactyly, and displacement of the toes. Mental retardation has been found consistently. PMID- 7258225 TI - Autosomal dominant late adult spinal muscular atrophy, type Finkel. AB - We describe clinical and genetic data from the study of two families with 80 members affected with the autosomal dominant, slowly progressive spinal muscular atrophy of late onset (average 48.8 years), first described by Finkel in 1962. Electromyography and muscle biopsy of a number of patients confirmed the neurogenic nature of the conditions. Unusual findings in this disorder were cramps, spontaneous fits of suffocation, and symptomatic myotonia. Other manifestations are slow loss of muscle strength and progressive proximal atrophy, which starts in the lower limbs and progresses to the upper limbs; hypoactive or absent tendinous reflexes; and generalized fasciculations. Sensory and cranial nerve function is unimpaired. Probabilities for genetic counseling are evaluated by means of a method adequate to the late-onset nature of the condition. PMID- 7258226 TI - Some considerations bearing on the doctrine of self-fulfilling prophecy in sex chromosome aneuploidy. AB - The doctrine of self-fulfilling prophecy has been invoked in studies of the effects of sex chromosome aneuploidy on human development as a reason for routine concealment of the diagnosis from affected children and their families. It has been assumed that knowledge of the existence of risk for deviance from normal development automatically creates a self-defeating emotional climate. This communication attempts to delineate both advantageous and deleterious aspects of self-fulfilling prophecy in the medical management of sex chromosome aneuploidy, present at alternative approach, and reviews the experience in a prospective study of 52 families where a policy of disclosure was followed. PMID- 7258229 TI - Comments on the Neu-Laxova syndrome and CAD complex. PMID- 7258227 TI - The Gordon syndrome: autosomal dominant cleft palate, camptodactyly, and club feet. AB - The triad of a camptodactyly, club feet, and cleft palate, called the Gordon syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant trait with variable expressivity, known from only three previously described families. Here we report the condition in a mother and her daughter. They also had several previously undescribed anomalies, which suggests that the Gordon syndrome is a more complex malformation syndrome than previously suspected. PMID- 7258228 TI - Further delineation of the C (trigonocephaly) syndrome. AB - This communication brings the number of recognized cases of the C (trigonocephaly) syndrome to 11. The pattern of findings includes an anomaly of the anterior cranium and frontal cortex (trigonocephaly), the root of the nose (broad nasal bridge, epicanthus, and short nose), and palate (thick anterior alveolar ridges); abnormalities of the limbs (polysyndactyly, bridged palmar creases, short limbs, and joint dislocations and/or contractures); visceral defects (congenital heart defects, cryptorchidism, and abnormal lobulations of the lungs and kidneys). Auricular, mandibular, skin, and genital abnormalities also occur. Consistent neurological findings are hypotonia, strabismus, and psychomotor retardation; seizures have been reported. Normal chromosomes, normal parents with multiple affected offspring, equal sex ratio of affected individuals, and consanguineous matings all support autosomal recessive inheritance of the C syndrome. In autopsied cases, there has been a suggestion of defective central nervous system myelination. About 1/2 of the case have died within the first year. All survivors have severe to profound mental retardation except for one child who has moderate retardation. PMID- 7258230 TI - Inheritance of giant pigmented hairy nevus of the scalp. PMID- 7258231 TI - Genetic drift: the fault is not in our stars. PMID- 7258232 TI - Caffeine and the fetus: is trouble brewing? AB - The developing fetus is often subjected to the influence of various drugs ingested by the mother during gestation. Currently, caffeine is one of the more common drugs used by the pregnant patient. It is important that the patient be made aware that caffeine is a drug and that it may cause potential harm to the fetus. Until more scientific data are available, it is our recommendation that moderate to excessive use of caffeine during pregnancy be curtailed and that mild use be decided on an individual basis. PMID- 7258233 TI - Endometrial carcinoma: an aberration of endometrial cell differentiation. AB - A model endometrial cell differentiation is being proposed. It is in agreement with the available information on the concentrations of female sex steroid receptors in the human endometrium and the effects of estradiol and progesterone during the normal menstrual cycle. The scheme is extended to include endometrial carcinoma as a derangement of normal cell differentiation. Evidence is cited, from various studied on estradiol and progesterone receptor measurements and hormone responses of human endometrial carcinoma, in support of this hypothesis. This concept provides a rational basis for the selection of patients for hormonal (progestin) therapy. PMID- 7258234 TI - Androgen uptake in the female reproductive system of a nonhuman primate. AB - The nuclear uptake and retention of 3H-dehydrotestosterone (3H-DHT) were studied in the reproductive organs of the female rhesus monkey by autoradiography. Ovariectomized and adrenalectomized adult female monkeys were injected with 1 microgram of 3H-DHT (107 Ci/mmole) and were exsanguinated 1 hour later. The uterus, cervix, vagina, and fimbriae of the fallopian tubes were removed and processed for autoradiography. Localization of the androgen was observed in the nuclei of fibroblasts, but not in the nuclei of smooth muscle and tissues of the blood vessels, of all four organs. The uptake of androgen by the epithelium varied for each organ. The simple columnar epithelium of the fallopian tube demonstrated nuclear labeling, but the epithelium of the uterus did not. The cells of the germinative layer of the stratified squamous epithelium of both the cervix and vagina exhibited nuclear concentration of label; however, the simple columnar epithelium of the cervix contiguous with the uterus was free of label. The results suggest that androgens may have a physiologic role in the female reproductive organs, and that the therapeutic effect of drugs such as danazol may be mediated via an androgen receptor. PMID- 7258235 TI - Minor mullerian anomalies and oligomenorrhea in infertile women. A new syndrome. AB - Because a causal relationship was suspected between mild mullerian anomalies and oligomenorrhea-amenorrhea, the hysterosalpingograms of 134 consecutive infertility patients were reviewed. The review was blind with respect to menstrual pattern and other data. Mild mullerian anomalies of the uterus were exhibited in 21.6%; and among them, 58.6% had oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea. By comparison, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea was found in only 19.6% of the remainder of infertility patients with normal uterine cavities (p less than 0.01). The association between mild mullerian anomalies and oligomenorrhea is further confirmed by the latter being idiopathic in 82.4% of these patients, in contrast to 30% of the group with normal uteri (p less than 0.01). Perusal of the literature shows that this relationship does not appear to have been substantiated previously, but occasionally it has been mentioned as a chance coincidence. On the basis of the patient's hormonal status and studies of the literature, the author advances the hypothesis of a defect in the steroid receptor proteins in the congenitally somewhat deformed uterus, in explanation of these patients' oligomenorrhea. The conclusion is that there must be a hitherto unheeded syndrome of fairly mild mullerian anomalies and eugonadotropic oligomenorrhea with demonstrable ovulation in infertile or low-fertility women. Perhaps, an increased tendency to abortion in the first or second trimester is another characteristic of this syndrome. PMID- 7258236 TI - Comparative urodynamic studies of continent and stress incontinent women in pregnancy and in the puerperium. AB - Twelve pregnant women were examined by urethral pressure profile measurement and simultaneous urethrocystometry early in pregnancy (weeks 12 to 16), in the thirty eighth week, and 5 to 7 days after delivery. All patients reported symptoms of stress incontinence starting at an early 5 to 7 days after delivery. All patients reported symptoms of stress incontinence starting at an early gestational age, it was found that that the stress incontinent women, compared to 14 continent, healthy women from whom measurements were obtained earlier, had shorter urethral lengths. Furthermore, no increase in urethral length during pregnancy was registered among the stress incontinent women, whereas such an increase did occur in the continent women. In contrast to the continent women, the incontinent patients had a low urethral closure pressure at rest and this pressure did not appear to increase sufficiently to compensate for the progressive increase in bladder pressure during pregnancy. As a result the urethral closure pressure in the stress incontinent women, therefore, decreased more and more during stress situations as pregnancy progressed, resulting in an increased leakage of urine. PMID- 7258237 TI - Multiple hyperbaric exposures during pregnancy in sheep. AB - Eleven sheep were subjected to hyperbaric comparable to 165 feet of sea water 31 times between the one hundred twelfth and one hundred thirty-seventh days of pregnancy. During 13 dives the maternal and fetal circulations were monitored for bubble formation during decompression. Bubbles were detected by external doppler probes in eight of 12 ewes, but in none of the fetuses. Nine ewes were delivered of normal lambs at term. In one, twin fetuses died during an abnormal labor. The pregnancy of another was terminated by cesarean section after decompression to look for bubbles in the fetal circulation. PMID- 7258238 TI - Changes in maternal serum total and free androgen levels in early pregnancy: lack of correlation with fetal sex. AB - The fetal testis actively produces androgens during early gestation. To determine whether this fetal production of androgens might be reflected by levels of androgens in maternal serum, which might then be a useful test for antenatal fetal sex determination, we measured serum testosterone (total and free) and serum dihydrotestosterone in 83 pregnant women whose fetuses ranged from 4 to 20 weeks in age. For no maternal serum androgen measured was there a significant difference between women carrying a male fetus and those carrying a female fetus, even when this comparison was limited to various 4-week subintervals or fetal age. Total serum testosterone correlated directly with fetal age (r = 0.341, p less than 0.005), but serum dihydrotestosterone did not (r = 0.146, p = NS). Inverse correlations with fetal age were observed for percentage free testosterone (r = -0.531, p less than 0.001) as well as absolute serum free testosterone (r = -0.349, p less than 0.005). We conclude that maternal serum androgen levels are not useful for antenatal fetal sex determination in early pregnancy. The reason for the progressive fall in serum free testosterone, and presumably androgen production, during early gestation remains obscure. PMID- 7258239 TI - The efficacy of type and screen to reduce unnecessary cross matches for obstetric patients. AB - A type-and-screen procedure was established whereby obstetric patients with no complications would be tested for ABO, Rh, and unexpected antibody. If the antibody screen was negative, cross matches would not be performed. Type and screen could be converted in 20 minutes to cross match, or type-specific blood would be immediately available. Our initial results with type and screen demonstrated 65.5% utilization but 399 cross matches were done for 17 transfusions (cross match/transfusion ratio of 17.6/1). The protocol was changed so that all nonbleeding patients would be typed and screened. A total of 503 of the next 563 patients (89.3%) were typed and screened; cross matches provided 33 transfusions (cross match/transfusion ratio of 4.9/1). An estimated 964 cross matches were eliminated with cost savings of $14,460 in 3 months. We concluded that the type-and-screen procedure is an effective tool in reducing the cross match/transfusion ratio and in lowering costs in obstetric patients with no compromise in patient care, even in high-risk patients. PMID- 7258240 TI - Decrease of vascular angiotensin sensitivity by L-dopa during human pregnancy. AB - In 27 pregnant subjects (21 treated women and six control subjects), the effect of L-dopa (500 to 1,000 mg orally) on vascular sensitivity to angiotensin II amide (Hypertensin, Ciba) was examined in 16 of these women, 1,000 mg of L-dopa resulted in a significant decrease in vascular responsiveness to angiotensin, i.e., an increase in angiotensin pressor dose from 16.9 +/- 5.0 to 19.6 +/- 4.5 ng . kg-1 . min-1 (mean +/- SD). In women with an initially low angiotensin pressor dose, the changes were more pronounced. In six control subjects, in whom two angiotensin infusion tests were performed consecutively without additional administration of L-dopa, an increase in vasopressor response to angiotensin was demonstrated. Possible causes for the L-dopa-induced decrease in angiotensin sensitivity are discussed: an inhibition of sympathetic nervous activity, a directly lowered total peripheral resistance, a natriuresis and diuresis, and an altered dopaminergic activity in the hypothalamus. It is hypothesized that long term treatment with L-dopa or bromocriptine might not only decrease angiotensin sensitivity but also elevated pregnancy-induced hypertension. PMID- 7258242 TI - Effects and interactions of prostaglandins E1 and E2 on human chorionic plate arteries. AB - Helically cut strips of human chorionic plate arteries were maintained in a physiologic salt solution in vitro while isotonic measurements of contraction were made. The arterial strips were exposed to two prostaglandins, PGE1 and PGE2, added cumulatively to the tissue baths. The effects and interactions of these two prostaglandins were examined. PGE1 had a dose-dependent relaxatory effect on the strips at low concentrations, but contracted them at higher concentrations. PGE2, on the other hand, only induced contraction. The addition of a low concentration of PGE2 inhibited the relaxatory response to PGE1 in approximately half the tissue strips. The contractile response was enhanced in all strips. Conversely, a low concentration of PGE2. The suggestion is made that, in the human term placenta, PGE1 and PGE2 may act in concert as part of the regulatory mechanism for fetoplacental. PMID- 7258241 TI - San Francisco General Hospital nurse-midwifery practice: the first thousand births. AB - Since its inception in 1975, the staff of the Nurse-Midwifery Service at San Francisco General Hospital has attended the deliveries of over 1,000 women. A description of the service and the outcome statistics are presented. The population of women served is a mixed risk group. It includes all women designated as nurse-midwifery patients, including those at risk who were transferred to tertiary care. Outcome statistics are comparable to those of the obstetrics department in general. Use of alternative labor and delivery practices contributes to good perinatal outcome. PMID- 7258243 TI - Distribution of observed patterns in fetal transcutaneous oxygen tension. AB - The interaction between intrauterine pressure, fetal heart rate, and fetal transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) may be classified into 10 pattern types. Eight of them indicate the reduction in fetal tcPO2 caused by uterine contractions and by fetal heart rate decelerations. Two pattern types show the effect of stasis and of pressure resulting in decreased fetal tcPO2. In 32 recordings from Uppsala, Sweden, and 11 from Zurich, Switzerland, 1,161 contractions were analyzed. A similar distribution of the patterns was found in the two hospitals in uncomplicated deliveries in the first stage of labor. In 15% of the contractions in the first stage of labor, fetal tcPO2 was affected by stasis or pressure, whereas this occurred in 48% of the 265 contractions in the second stage of labor. Thus, in most instances, fetal tcPO2 should be expected to give reliable information in the first stage, whereas the stasis and the pressure pattern must be recognized for the evaluation of fetal tcPO2 in the second stage of labor. PMID- 7258244 TI - The effect of magnesium sulfate on fetal heart rate variability and uterine activity. AB - The effect of magnesium sulfate on fetal heart rate (FHR) variability and uterine activity is evaluated in 19 preeclamptic patients at term in active labor. Magnesium sulfate was given by intramuscular injection in nine patients and by intravenous infusion in 10 patients after an intravenous loading dose over a period of 15 minutes. No significant change was noted in FHR variability. There was only a transient, mild decrease in the frequency of uterine contractions during the magnesium sulfate loading dose, and there was no significant change in the intensity of uterine contractions. The conclusion is that, when magnesium sulfate is used for treatment of mild preeclampsia in patients at term in established labor, there is no clinically significant effect on FHR variability or uterine activity. PMID- 7258245 TI - Vena caval filter placement during pregnancy. PMID- 7258246 TI - Effect of corticosteroids on the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 7258247 TI - A bleeding vaginal lesion as the presenting sign of hypernephroma. PMID- 7258249 TI - Abdominopelvic abscess resulting from delayed postpartum uterine rupture. PMID- 7258248 TI - Third-trimester uterine rupture associated with vaginal prostaglandin E2. PMID- 7258250 TI - Measurement of spontaneous uterine activity in the antenatal patient. PMID- 7258251 TI - Unusual fetal heart rate pattern associated with severe neonatal asphyxia and death. PMID- 7258252 TI - A case of extensive pelvic endometriosis terminating in endometrial sarcoma. PMID- 7258253 TI - Unusual and rapid amniotic fluid cell growth. PMID- 7258254 TI - Pregnancy in cystic fibrosis: a better prognosis in patients with pancreatic function? AB - Pregnancy in patients with cystic fibrosis is likely to become a more common occurrence as a result of improving survival rates in females with this condition. Eleven pregnancies in seven patients with cystic fibrosis are presented. Despite previous reports on the hazards of pregnancy in women with cystic fibrosis, only one pregnancy required a therapeutic abortion to preserve the health of the mother. Nine of the pregnancies occurred in five mothers who had no pancreatic insufficiency, and no significant deterioration in pulmonary function occurred during or after pregnancy. These patients who do not require pancreatic enzyme supplementation appear to represent a special subgroup within cystic fibrosis in whom not only pulmonary function but also the overall prognosis is better, and in whom pregnancy can be tolerated without undue hazard. PMID- 7258255 TI - Maternal nicotine administration and fetal brain stem damage: a rat model with implications for sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Several recent studies have established maternal smoking as a significant risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). To test our hypothesis that nicotine, a component of cigarette smoke, may exert an injurious effect on the fetal brain stem, we administered nicotine in drinking water to Sprague-Dawley rats prior to and throughout the first 20 days of gestation. The nicotine dose and schedule of consumption in this experiment paralleled that of human usage. Fetuses from nicotine-treated mothers had significantly more dead cells in a standard section of the medulla than controls, but little difference was observed in the postnatal respiratory responses of treated and control animals to the inhalation of various gas mixtures. The birth weights of nicotine-exposed fetuses were significantly less than those of controls. Although the degree of fetal brain stem injury produced by nicotine in this experiment is small, it is our concern that maternal smoking might cause a more severe lesion in the human fetus and thereby increase the risk of SIDS by contributing to aberrant postnatal respiratory responses to noxious stimuli. PMID- 7258256 TI - Amniocentesis in the second trimester: the effect on fetal movement. AB - Linear array real-time ultrasound was utilized to observe gross fetal body movements before and after second-trimester amniocentesis. No significant differences were found between the two observation periods. All pregnancies continued to term, and no evidence of fetal trauma was found at delivery. PMID- 7258257 TI - The relationship of fetal heart rate patterns to the fetal transcutaneous PO2. AB - Continuous transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) monitoring of the human fetus was performed during 46 labors, 30 of which were complicated by abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns. FHR variability decreased with increases in the fetal tcPO2, and FHR variability increased with decreases in the fetal tcPO2. Analysis of the tcPO2 and FHR tracings provided an explanation for this apparent discrepancy. While rising fetal tcPO2 values were usually associated with decreased FHR variability, the pattern of late deceleration and decreased variability must still be considered an ominous pattern. The fetal tcPO2 declined during the deceleration and rose thereafter, with corresponding decreased FHR variability. Incomplete recovery of the fetal tcPO2 was associated with progressive acidosis. Repetitive and isolated late deceleration patterns showed markedly dissimilar fetal tcPO2 changes, suggesting different mechanisms may be involved in their production. Further studies are required before any definite conclusions can be drawn about the relationship of the FHR and the fetal tcPO2. PMID- 7258258 TI - Gestational age assessment. II. Prediction from combined clinical observations. AB - Accurate assessment of the estimated date of confinement is a cornerstone of obstetric care. In an earlier report, we examined the time of occurrence of various historical and clinical estimators of gestational age in relation to the date of delivery. We now examine the possibility of combining multiple clinical estimators to improve the prediction of delivery date. Formulas for predicting delivery date from multiple clinical estimators were developed in a group of 418 patients who were delivered of infants weighing greater than or equal to 3,000 gm, after spontaneous onset of labor. These formulas were tested in a separate group of 107 patients who fulfilled similar criteria. In patients with a known last menstrual period, additional clinical information did not improve the prediction of delivery date; however, if the last menstrual period was uncertain or unknown, averaging the predicted delivery dates by several clinical examinations provided a prediction of delivery date as precise as if the last menstrual period were known. PMID- 7258259 TI - Bradycardia in the fetal baboon following paracervical block anesthesia. AB - In order to define the causal relationship between the use of local anesthetics and fetal bradycardia, paracervical block anesthesia (PCB) with lidocaine of 2 chloroprocaine was induced on 52 occasions to 27 pregnant baboons. The dosages were comparable to those used clinically on the basis of maternal body weight. On 40 occasions, PCB was induced with nonasphyxiated (normal) fetuses, 33% of which developed fetal bradycardia after PCB. Fifty percent of these episodes of fetal bradycardia were accompanied by a decrease in PaO2. The other 12 fetuses had pHa less than 7.25, and SaO2 less than 25%, and all exhibited bradycardia with further decreases in pHa and PaO2. A transient increase in uterine activity with a significant reduction in uterine blood flow occurred in 73% of the mothers after PCB. Peak concentrations of lidocaine of 2.3 +/- 0.2 (SE) micrograms/ml in the maternal blood and 0.8 +/- 0.2 micrograms/ml in the fetal blood were found at 8 min after PCB. These levels were far below those associated with myocardial toxicity. The conclusion is that the fetal bradycardia subsequent to PCB is, in part, caused by a decrease in the oxygen available to the fetus secondary to an increase in uterine activity and a reduction in uteroplacental perfusion. This manifestation may occur at drug concentrations in both the mother and fetus that are far below toxic levels. PMID- 7258260 TI - Histologic stromal reaction of the host with gestational choriocarcinoma and its relation to clinical stage classification and prognosis. AB - One of the factors determining the prognosis of choriocarcinoma is the stromal reaction of the host. We have been interested in the histologic findings of this reaction, and we studied the relationship between the CPV classification, which had been used in our department, and our clinical stage. There was no relation of stage distribution to CPV classification. For instance, Type C, which has a strong stromal reaction, did not display any parallel relation with stage. When mortality rates and stages are compared, however, it is noteworthy that the mortality rate for Type C cases is small in Stage I and is less than 50% even in Stage III, in which metastasis is considered to be inevitable; thus, more than half of the cases are cured. On the contrary, Types P and C tend to be associated with high mortality rates even in Stages I and II, in which metastasis is not certain. PMID- 7258261 TI - Fibrin and platelets in menstrual discharge before and after the insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device. AB - Eighteen samples of menstrual blood, taken before and after the insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD), were collected from the uterine cavity during the first 32 hours of menstruation and studied with light and electron microscopy for the presence of fibrin and platelets. In 12 of the 18 samples extravascular fibrin and platelet aggregates with a high degree of transformation were found. Intravascular thrombi were seen in pieces of tissue in two preinsertion samples. The absence of any intravascular platelets or fibrin was the only consistent difference in postinsertion samples compared to preinsertion samples. This study demonstrates that, contrary to the current belief, clot formation and platelet aggregation do occur in menstrual blood. This process is uninfluenced by the presence of an IUD. PMID- 7258262 TI - Hirsutism: implications, etiology, and management. AB - Hirsutism usually results from a subtle excess of androgens. As such, it is a clue to possible endocrine disturbance in addition to presenting cosmetic problems. We use the term hirsutism to mean male-pattern hirsutism--excessive growth of hair in areas where female subjects normally have considerably less than male subjects. An elevation of the plasma free (unbound) testosterone level is the single most consistent endocrinologic finding in hirsutism. The plasma free testosterone level is sometimes elevated when the total level of plasma testosterone is normal because testosterone-estradiol--binding globulin (TEBG) levels are often depressed in hirsute women. Frequent blood sampling is sometimes necessary to demonstrate subtle hyperandrogenic states since androgen levels in the blood are pulsatile and seemingly reflect episodic ovarian and adrenal secretion. The source of hyperandrogenemia can usually be determined from dexamethasone suppression testing. Those patients whose plasma free androgen levels do not suppress normally usually have functional ovarian hyperandrogenism (polycystic ovary syndrome variants). Very high plasma androgen levels or evidence of hypercortisolism, which is not normally suppressible by dexamethasone, should lead to the search for a tumor or Cushing's syndrome. Those patients in whom hyperandrogenemia is suppressed normally by dexamethasone have a form of the adrenogenital syndrome, a prolactinoma, obesity, or idiopathic hyperandrogenemia. In such patients, glucocorticoid therapy may reduce hirsutism and acne and normalize menses. The treatment of hirsutism resulting from functional ovarian hyperandrogenism is not as satisfactory; estrogen-progestin treatment is the most useful adjunct to cosmetic approaches to hirsutism in this country. However, other manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome, such as infertility, may take precedence over hirsutism when an optimal therapeutic program is designed for many patients. PMID- 7258263 TI - Intrauterine quadriplegia associated with breech presentation and hyperextension of fetal head: a case report. PMID- 7258264 TI - In utero diagnosis of umbilical cord hematoma by ultrasonography. PMID- 7258265 TI - Life-threatening hemorrhage complicating sacral colpopexy. PMID- 7258266 TI - Congenital tubal isolation: a case report. PMID- 7258267 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of congenital pleural effusions. PMID- 7258268 TI - Hyperparathyroid crisis and pregnancy. PMID- 7258271 TI - A new scleral depressor. PMID- 7258270 TI - A biopsy system for intraocular specimens. PMID- 7258269 TI - Management of malignancy of the eyelids. PMID- 7258273 TI - Amorphous coating in open-angle glaucoma. PMID- 7258274 TI - Glucocorticosteroid inhibition of intraocular proliferation. PMID- 7258272 TI - Campylobacter gastroenteritis. PMID- 7258276 TI - Influence of bromhexine on tear lysozome level in keratoconjunctivitis sicca. PMID- 7258275 TI - Diabetes and senile cataract. PMID- 7258278 TI - Effects of intraocular irrigating solutions on the electroretinographic b-wave. AB - We studied the effects of physiologic saline, lactated Ringer's solution, and BSS (balanced salt solution) on the electroretinogram of the rabbit in vitro. The b wave amplitudes decreased when the retina was incubated in lactated Ringer's solution or BSS. These amplitudes recovered to 60% to 70% of the original level when the retina was re-immersed in the control medium. With physiologic saline, the b-wave amplitude recovered only to about 30% after 20 minutes of incubation, and recovery was nil after 60 minutes of incubation time. Extended contact with physiologic saline produced permanent damage to the retina. Bicarbonate ion and glucose were shown to be essential for maintaining the ERG amplitude. PMID- 7258277 TI - The effect of an anticomplementary factor on normal human tears. PMID- 7258279 TI - Choroideremia, obesity, and congenital deafness. PMID- 7258280 TI - Orbital invasion by an intracranial chordoma. AB - A 26-year-old woman experienced bilateral hearing loss, progressive nasal obstruction, and rhinorrhea. Examination disclosed a retropharyngeal mass. A needle biopsy specimen of the mass showed that it was a chordoma. The patient underwent surgery to remove the mass and received a postoperative course of radioactive cobalt. She did well for 18 months, at which time proptosis gradually developed in her right eye. Although the optic nerve heads and visual fields appeared normal, roentgenograms showed a large lesion involving the anterior and middle cranial fossae and destruction of the right posterior ethmoid sinus and right superior orbital fissure. Shortly after completing a course of methotrexate therapy (total dose, 89 mg), the patient experienced sudden pain and visual loss in her right eye. Surgical decompression of the orbit failed to restore light perception. The following year, her left eye became involved. A transfrontal craniotomy and extradural orbital decompression provided only temporary improvement. Four months later, left lateral rectus muscle palsy developed and her visual acuity decreased to 6/60 (20/200). Radiation therapy (400 rads per week; total dose, 3,200 rads) and treatment with methotrexate, vincristine sulfate, and prednisone did not improve her condition. At the time of her death, six years after the first symptom appeared, the patient was blind in both eyes, almost completely deaf, and suffered from severe dysphagia. PMID- 7258281 TI - Welding processes and ocular hazards and protection. AB - There are approximately 60 different forms of welding, but only six of these are commonly used. Shielded metal-arc or stick welding, gas metal-arc welding, and oxyacetylene welding are the most frequently used. All produce ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation at damaging levels. Conventional glass welding shields contain ultraviolet, visible, and infrared absorbers. Infrared absorbers, however, cause heating and secondary re-radiation. New polycarbonate lenses offer greater impact resistance, and have less tendency to welding spatter. Early abrasion-resistant and reflective coatings on plastics were ineffective. Thin layers of gold with proprietary coatings provide cool reflection and surface resistance. Thermal monitoring of welding indicated that these new shields reduce temperature rises above the ambient by 150% to 175% compared to green glass filter plates without interfering with the welder's vision. PMID- 7258282 TI - Visual function abnormalities in macular heterotopia caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy. AB - In seven patients with displacement of the macula in one eye caused by vitreoretinal traction from proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the macula was displaced toward the optic disk in all but one eye. The eyes with macular heterotopia showed (1) reduced visual acuity (ranging from 6/6 (20/20) to 6/24 (20/80), (2) reduced static perimetry sensitivity (particularly in the temporal field) with displacement of the peak sensitivity toward the blind spot, (3) loss of hue discrimination, and (4) metamorphopsia. In two eyes with macular heterotopia, Stiles-Crawford data provided evidence for photoreceptor disorientation; one eye had mixed orientation, and the other a displaced peak suggesting regular photoreceptor tilting. The proposed mechanisms of visual loss in eyes with macular heterotopia secondary to traction from proliferative diabetic retinopathy include detachment of the macula, disorientation of photoreceptors in the macula, and disturbance of normal neural connections within the retina caused by stretching of the retina. PMID- 7258283 TI - Plus lenses, prisms, and bifocal effects on myopia progression in military students. AB - Students of the Naval Academy Preparatory School (NAPS) class of 1978 to 1979 were randomly divided into three groups, one-third of the class receiving their correlation for distant vision with a no. 1 pink tint to be used for reading (the placebo group); one-third of the class receiving +1.25 D added to their distance correction with 2 delta base-in each eye, in glasses to be used for reading; and one-third of the class receiving bifocals, incorporating their distance correction with a +1.50 D near addition. The refractive error at distance for all 232 students was determined under cycloplegia. At the end of 5 months, a repeat cycloplegic refraction showed nonsignificant myopic shifts (Wilcoxon test) of 0.08 +/- 0.29 D in the placebo group, -0.07 +/- 0.25 D in the plus-with-prism group, and -0.06 +/- 0.18 D in the bifocal group. This research note is preliminary to a followup at academic graduation of these same students from the Naval Academy in 1983. PMID- 7258284 TI - Critical base curve and diameter interval in the fitting of spherical soft contact lenses. AB - The effect of base curve and diameter variation on the fit or DuraSoft lenses was evaluated in terms of eight clinical fitting criteria: refraction, lens position, centering ability, stability of vision, amount and direction of movement, subjective comfort, and corneal physiological response. The minimum or critical intervals of base curve and diameter change necessary to produce significant changes in these criteria were determined. The results are discussed in relation to the design of diagnostic sets of lenses and the changes necessary to produce effective variations in clinical fit. PMID- 7258285 TI - Dose-response effects of tropicamide HCl. AB - Using double-masking procedures, the mydriatic and cycloplegic effects of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0% tropicamide were studied. All doses produced clinically useful mydriasis of at least 6-mm pupils. Using testing conditions of both normal (35 ft-c) and bright (150 ft-c) illumination, no mydriatic dose-response differences for the four concentrations were found. Cycloplegic effects were dose related. A single drop of either 0.75 or 1.0% tropicamide reduced the amplitude of accommodation to about 1.5 D, which is adequate for a cycloplegic refraction. PMID- 7258286 TI - The ratio of the size of the optic cup (as determined by the place where the vessels deviate) to size of the disc. AB - The vessel deviation to disc ratio (VDR) of the optic nerve head can be defined for a given meridian as the ratio of the size of the cup as indicated by small blood vessel deviation in that meridian to the size of the disc. Thus, VDR is a relative measure similar to cup/disc ratio. The difference between VDR and other methods of measuring cup/disc ratio is that the former identifies the rim of the cup with the deviation or bending of the small blood vessels as they fan out over the disc, whereas the latter determine the location by the other criteria which vary from examiner to examiner. The purpose of this study is to quantify the variation in VDR and its relation to age, refractive error, and sex. PMID- 7258287 TI - A disparity analysis of the anomalous correspondence horopter. AB - Some of the data of Flom and that of Boucher are analyzed using binocular disparity analysis in order to show the resulting apparent changes in horopter disparities in patients with anomalous correspondence brought about by alternate monocular fixation, binocular fixation, surgery, and prism. The problem of eye movements during horopter determinations is discussed. PMID- 7258288 TI - Application of the aniseikonic ellipse to prisms. AB - The aniseikonic ellipse is derived from the meridional magnification effects of the two eyes on a circular object and represents the aniseikonic ratio in all meridians. It facilitates the analysis and prediction of aniseikonic space distortions. This study shows how the concept can be applied not only to lens magnification but also to the distortion and nonuniform magnification produced by prisms. Since prism images of a circle are asymmetrical, the corresponding aniseikonic "ellipse" is also asymmetrical. Moreover, its dimensions will vary with the nonuniform magnification across the prism. However, for small portions of the prism field it can be used conventionally as for lenses. In addition, the nonlinear binocular distortions occurring over larger portions of the field can be derived from the aggregate effect of representative aniseikonic ellipses in the various portions of the prism. PMID- 7258289 TI - Corneal edema with hydrogel lenses and eye closure: effect of oxygen transmissibility. AB - Several investigators have reported that significant corneal edema develops when daily wear hydrogel lenses are worn with the eyes closed. The amount of edema that develops when extended wear hydrogel lenses are worn with eye closure is not well documented. This study compared the amount of corneal edema that developed when subjects wore one daily wear lens with the edema that developed when they wore three lens types designed for extended wear. The daily wear lens was the U3 series Bausch & Lomb Soflens contact lens. The extended wear lenses were the Cooper Permalens, the Soft Lens Hydrocurve II 55 lens, and the Sauflon PW lens. The five subjects developed only small amounts of corneal edema when they wore the four lens types under opened-eye conditions but they developed significant amounts of corneal edema when they wore the four lens types for 3-hr periods with eye closure. The amount of corneal edema correlated well with the oxygen transmissibility (DK/L) of the study lenses. The results can be used to predict the amount of corneal edema that the average patient will develop initially when wearing a hydrogel lens of known water content or oxygen permeability (DK) and thickness (L) under opened and closed-eye conditions. PMID- 7258290 TI - Depth of field for the presbyope. AB - As a general rule the near addition (add) for a presbyope is selected so that the range of clear vision is dioptrically and not linearly balanced. Implicit in such thinking is the assumption that the dioptric and linear range of clear vision cannot be simultaneously balanced. Assuming that the range of clear vision for the absolute presbyope is due to depth of field and assuming also that the blur circle theory adequately describes the limits of depth of field, I will show that the dioptric and linear range of clear vision can indeed be simultaneously balanced. The results are independent of the actual position of the reference plane from which the measurements are made. PMID- 7258291 TI - A study of successful and unsuccessful low vision rehabilitation patients. AB - The needs of the visually handicapped are, at times neglected by our profession. This is partly due to the fact that inadequate guidelines exist to guide the occasional low vision practitioner. In an effort to shed more light on this problem, the characteristics of 84 low vision rehabilitants were studied. This group, as a whole, achieved a very high rate of success. Significant differences were found to exist between the successful and unsuccessful groups on measurements of amounts of money spent, number of devices prescribed, and best corrected visual acuity (conventional spectacles). A fourth variable, age, showed that substantial difference existed between the two groups. Possible explanations, implications, and the need for future research are discussed. PMID- 7258292 TI - A device to assess visual performance with optical aids. PMID- 7258293 TI - A model for the study of stroke using the rat. Surgical ligation of the middle cerebral artery in the rat. PMID- 7258294 TI - Platelet adhesion and myointimal proliferation in canine pulmonary arteries. AB - Pulmonary arteries were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy in 15 preconditioned dogs. Five dogs were control animals, while 10 dogs were studied 4 and 30 days following transplantation of adult heartworms into the pulmonary arteries. Evan's blue dye was used to locate areas of vascular damage. Pulmonary arteries from control dogs exhibited no Evan's blue staining. The surface and ultrastructural characteristics of these blood vessels were comparable to normal peripheral blood vessels. Pulmonary arteries removed from dogs after 4 days of heartworm infection exhibited extensive staining with Evan's blue. These stained areas had disrupted endothelium with many platelets adhered to the exposed subendothelium. In addition, leukocytes were attached to adjacent areas of damaged endothelium. Pulmonary arteries of dogs infected with heartworms for 30 days also exhibited extensive staining with Evan's blue. The blue-stained areas in this group had two typical responses. On some portions the lesions were similar to those seen at 4 days (ie, loss of endothelium with platelet and leukocyte adhesion), while other stained areas had complex lesions that projected from the surface into the lumen of the blood vessel. These lesions were endothelialized, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that they consisted of large numbers of smooth muscle cells that had migrated through the internal elastic lamina. The findings in the 30-day infection group suggest that the proliferative lesion formation was a result of an ongoing active process of endothelial loss and plateletleukocyte adhesion. The characteristic response of canine pulmonary arteries to the presence of heartworms (endothelial loss, platelet-leukocyte adhesion, and development of myoproliferative intimal lesions) suggests that this condition is a potential model for study of the early vascular changes that produce myointimal proliferation. PMID- 7258295 TI - The correlation of histologic changes in the human breast with the menstrual cycle. AB - Histologic changes in the normal human mammary gland associated with the menstrual cycle were sought in tissues derived from a defined population of patients undergoing subcutaneous mastectomy or reduction mammoplasty for reasons other than neoplasia. Ninety patients were selected for their regular menstrual cycling, abstinence from hormone use, and absence of disease which might influence pituitary-ovarian cycling. Morphologic changes in the mammary stromal and epithelial components were identified as they related to specific pituitary ovarian events, and histologic criteria were identified that allowed reproducible morphologic categorization of the mammary gland into five specific phases: proliferative (Days 3-7); follicular phase of differentiation (Days 8-14); luteal phase of differentiation (Days 15-20); secretory (Days 21-27); and menstrual (Days 28-2). Double-blind reviews of tissues confirmed the validity and the reproducibility of these histologic criteria in identifying the menstrual phase. The findings further characterize the morphologic correlates of hormone responsiveness of the normal human mammary gland. The recognition of menstrual cycle-dependent histologic changes may be expected to provide a basis for extending the interpretation of the morphologic characteristics of the breast in surgically acquired specimens that may be associated with hormonal aberrations. PMID- 7258296 TI - Neutrophil-aggregating activity of monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. AB - The following oxidative derivatives of arachidonic acid were prepared and assayed for their ability to aggregate cytochalasin-B-pretreated human neutrophils: 5-, 8 , 9-, 11-, 12-, and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. The compounds were prepared by oxidation of arachidonic acid and purified by direct and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Each lipid was racemic at the hydroxy residue and had a cistrans conjugated double bond adjacent to the hydroxy residue. Except for racemization, therefore, they were identical to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids generated by neutrophils exposed to diverse aggregating stimuli. In addition, 15 L-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid was prepared from soybean lipoxygenase. Of these 7 fatty acid preparations, only 5- and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid aggregated the cells. Thus, the bioactions of these lipids are crucially dependent upon the position of the hydroxy residue. The 5- and 12-hydroxy derivatives were potent aggregating agents, inducing half-maximal responses at 200 and 40 nM, respectively. Their bioactions required extracellular calcium and magnesium. And the response to both fatty acids was effectively blocked by three inhibitors of cellular arachidonic acid metabolism: nordihydroguaiaretic acid, 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraynoic acid, and indomethacin. The 5- and 12- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, therefore, may induce neutrophils to metabolize their endogenous arachidonate. Alternatively, the two hydroxy acids themselves may be further metabolized through pathways inhibited by arachidonate antimetabolites into a final mediator(s) of aggregate formation. PMID- 7258297 TI - The chemotactic response of tumor cells. A model for cancer metastasis. AB - Injection of a C5-derived chemotactic factor for tumor cells into the peritoneal cavities of Sprague-Dawley rats induced diffuse mesenteric metastasis following the intravenous injection of Walker carcinosarcoma cells. Intraperitoneal injections of culture medium, histamine, or of trypsin-treated albumin resulted in many fewer metastases. Intraperitoneal injections of the chemotactic factor, unlike histamine, did not alter mesenteric vasopermeability as measured by the exudation of Evans blue into the mesentery. In vitro, tumor cells responded to the chemotactic factor by demonstrating directed migration in the Boyden chamber, by volume changes, measurable in the Coulter counter, and by demonstrating an increased adherence to nylon fibers. These phenomena are similar to the behavior of neutrophils in the presence of their chemotactic factors. All the responses in vitro were markedly depressed by the addition of 2-deoxyglucose, while the cell swelling response was slightly enhanced by cytochalasin B (again similar to the responses of leukocytes). The data suggest that movement of tumor cells from the circulation may be under chemotactic influence in the manner similar to the responsiveness of neutrophils to leukotactic stimuli in vivo. PMID- 7258298 TI - Irreversible neutrophil aggregation. A mechanism of decreased newborn neutrophil chemotactic response. AB - To investigate the neutrophil-neutrophil interactions of the newborn for possible clues to the etiology of decreased newborn neutrophil (PMN) chemotaxis, the authors compared adult and newborn C5a-induced PMN aggregation and chemotaxis at various PMN concentrations. Using Craddock's technique of C5a-induced aggregation, the authors found that the newborn lacks the normal biphasic aggregation-deaggregation seen in the adult, suggesting irreversible aggregation similar to that seen when adult PMNs are pretreated with cytochalasin-B. Chemotaxis of adult and newborn PMNs was studied with a modified Gallin radiolabel technique. A linear correlation between PMN concentration and corrected chemotactic response was found with both adult (r2 = 0.93) and newborn (r2 = 0.90) PMNs in the range 0.1 X 10(6) to 20 X 10(6) PMNs/ml. Random migration was not augmented by increased PMN concentration. The augmentation of newborn PMN chemotaxis was less than that of the adult (adult slope = 2426; newborn slope = 983). Irreversible newborn PMN aggregation may be the underlying event producing decreased PMN chemotaxis and interfering with the normal chemotactic augmentation caused by increased PMN concentration. PMID- 7258299 TI - II. Tumor growth at sites of inflammation induced by mitogens in mice. AB - Experiments were carried out to determine whether the growth of tumors could be influenced by local inflammatory reactions induced by mitogens; Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Mice received injections, beneath the footpad or subcutaneously in the flank, of cells of syngeneic chemically induced fibrosarcomas with or without varying doses of mitogen. In the footpad (a) LPS caused a dose-dependent increase in the size; (b) Con A caused a decrease in the size of one of the three tumors, the decrease being inversely related to the dose of Con A; (c) PHA caused a dose dependent decrease in the size of all three tumors: (d) PHA caused much smaller macroscopic inflammatory reactions than LPS or Con A. Subcutaneously injected tumor growth was inhibited by all three agents. Subcutaneous tumors contained a higher proportion of host inflammatory cells when mitogens had been mixed with the tumor inoculum. It is concluded that mitogens that can induce inflammatory reactions in mice can also bring about some suppression of tumor growth but that the depression is site-dependent and not clearly related to the apparent intensity of inflammation. PMID- 7258300 TI - Effects of heparin on platelet aggregation and release and thromboxane A2 production. AB - Heparin, when added to citrated platelet-rich plasma (PRP), caused potentiation of platelet aggregation and the release reaction induced by the aggregating agents adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid, collagen, and epinephrine. At low concentrations (4.7 x 10(-5) M) arachidonic acid failed to cause aggregation of platelets in citrated PRP. However, in the presence of heparin, the same concentration of arachidonic acid caused aggregation. Examination of PRP for the presence of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) by use of a bioassay revealed that heparin also stimulated release of TxA2. This finding indicated that platelets released more TxA2 when they were challenged by low concentrations of arachidonic acid in the presence of heparin than in its absence. Platelets were labeled with 3H-arachidonic acid and 14C-serotonin, and attempts were made to determine whether heparin stimulated the platelet release reaction first with subsequent increased production of TxA2, or alternatively, whether heparin stimulated TxA2 production first with subsequent enhancement of the release reaction. In view of the demonstrated simultaneous release of 14C-serotonin and 3H-arachidonic acid metabolites, it appeared that either release of 14C and 3H occurs concurrently or, even if one of these events is dependent on the other, both events take place in rapid succession. Timed sequential studies revealed that in the presence of arachidonic acid, the addition of heparin hastened the apparently simultaneous release of both 14C and 3H. PMID- 7258302 TI - Freeze-fracture studies of muscle caveolae in human muscular dystrophy. AB - Freeze-fracture studies of caveolar density and distribution were carried out in skeletal muscle plasma membrane from 6 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), 5 patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSH), 5 patients with myotonic dystrophy (MyD) and 5 normal control subjects. The results showed a significant increase in the number of caveolae and a decrease in size in a population of muscle plasma membranes from patients with DMD. No significant changes in the caveolae were observed in muscle plasma membranes from patients with FSH and MyD. PMID- 7258301 TI - Quantification, dynamics, and mechanisms of pulmonary inflammatory response around schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. AB - The inflammatory response around schistosomula injected into the lungs of uninfected mice and mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni was quantified. In uninfected mice, the inflammatory response started at 1 hour and peaked at 6 days, whereas in the infected mice, the inflammatory response was accelerated and peaked at 24 hours. This latter inflammatory reaction was 1.5 times greater than the 6-day reaction found in uninfected controls. Neutrophils and mononuclear cells were seen around schistosomula impacted into the pulmonary microvasculature by 1 hour; later, however, eosinophils constituted the predominant cell. This augmented inflammatory response was detected in mice infected with S mansoni first at 4 weeks after injection and peaked at 12 weeks. The augmented response correlated with acquired resistance as assayed by the recovery of the organisms from the lungs 4 days after challenge. Augmented inflammatory reaction and increased protection was induced by subcutaneous sensitization with dead schistosomula or eggs but not by cercariae or adult worms. Adoptive transfer of serum but not lymphoid cells from 12-15 week-infected mice resulted in augmented inflammation and enhanced resistance in recipient normal animals. The serum activity was absorbed by both schistosomula and eggs and was shown to reside in the fraction containing IgG1. PMID- 7258303 TI - A patient's perspective on involuntary treatment. PMID- 7258304 TI - A plea to end the use of the patterning treatment for retarded children. PMID- 7258305 TI - Marking time in the land of plenty: reflections on mental health in the United States. PMID- 7258306 TI - The experience of children in a joint-custody arrangement: a report of a study. AB - The psychological experience of 32 children living in a joint-custody arrangement with their parents is examined. This report is part of a larger study, begun in 1978, of 24 families in which parents have shared childrearing responsibilities and physical custody of their children following marital separation. Findings suggest that joint custody is not a simple solution, and that the reaction of children is highly individual. The need for further study is emphasized. PMID- 7258307 TI - The continuing coparental relationship between divorced spouses. AB - Findings are reported from an empirical investigation of the relationship between divorced spouses one year following the divorce. Interviews covering a wide range of topics were conducted with 54 pairs of divorced parents. It was found that the majority continued to interact with one another; those who interacted the most frequently were the supportive and cooperative coparents. PMID- 7258308 TI - From marriage breakdown to remarriage: parental tasks and therapeutic guidelines. AB - The traditionally defined "normal" family life cycle is changing for the growing number of people who experience the successive stages of marital breakdown, single-parent household, and the eventual remarriage of one or both former spouses. This paper focuses on some of the special needs of families with minor children, in particular the importance of continuity of parenting and the problems typically encountered in moving from marital disintegration to formation of a new marital bond. PMID- 7258309 TI - A profile of aggression from adolescence to adulthood: an 18-year follow-up of psychiatrically disturbed and violent adolescents. AB - An 18-year follow-up of 66 aggressive and disturbed adolescents admitted to the children's unit of a large mental hospital in 1960 reveals a high degree of antisocial and criminal behavior persisting into adulthood, with lessening psychiatric involvement as the subjects matured. Factors contributing to this pattern of continuing antisocial behavior are identified, and implications for treatment programs are considered. PMID- 7258310 TI - Compliance, defiance, and therapeutic paradox: guidelines for strategic use of paradoxical interventions. AB - Strategies and tactics in apparent opposition to desired therapeutic goals are discussed in the context of brief problems-focused therapy. Two types of paradoxical intervention are differentiated: in one, change follows from attempted compliance with a therapeutic directive; in the other, change follows from defiance. Brehm's reactance theory and the Palo Alto brief therapy model offer guidelines for the use of such strategies. PMID- 7258311 TI - Survivors: outreach to a reluctant population. AB - Following a devastating fire at the Beverly Hills Supper Club, mental health professionals developed an outreach program to identify survivors at risk for long-term impairment and to offer preventive services. Differences among four outreach modes, in terms of impairment and efficiency of effort, are discussed in the context of a general survivors' reluctance to utilize mental health resources. PMID- 7258312 TI - Effects of new commitment laws on the mental health system. AB - Many state commitment laws have been changed recently in response to the controversy surrounding the use of involuntary admissions. The effects of these changes in one state is studied by examining admission patterns, voluntary and involuntary, to all state hospital. Though no change was found in demographic characteristics, several highly significant changes were found in utilization patterns and admission procedures. PMID- 7258313 TI - Children who set fires: some background and behavioral characteristics. AB - Background and behavior of 90 children identified as fire-setters in a population of 544 referred for residential treatment is presented. None exhibited fire setting behavior while in residential treatment, but questions are raised about alternative treatments achieving the same result. A current bibliography is provided. PMID- 7258314 TI - Toward a generic conception of alcoholism. AB - The tendency among researchers and clinicians to view alcoholism from a single substance abuse perspective is questioned, and studies are cited that document multiple-substance abuse patterns among this clinical group. Problems in assessing these patterns are discussed, and recommendations are made to promote greater awareness of multiple-substance abuse among problem drinkers. PMID- 7258315 TI - Why boys will be boys: A structural perspective. AB - Moving beyond the traditional "nature-nurture" debate about the origin of sex differences, the structural-developmental model described in this paper links many of the sex differences reported in the literature to early cognitive structures that shape and distort concepts in inevitable ways. The heightened levels of aggression and power-seeking reported among boys are seen as the child's effort to give psychological expression to his perceived gender attributes. PMID- 7258316 TI - Androgyny as a standard of mental health. AB - This study investigated the relationship of the concept of androgyny to clinicians' standards of mental health. Results suggest that mental health professionals hold either an androgynous or masculine standard of mental health for women and for men. Clinical and social implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 7258317 TI - Interaction of client class and gender in biasing clinical judgement. AB - Class and gender and determinants of therapists' perceptions of clients were investigated in a survey of 418 psychologists presented with a case history that manipulated all possible combinations of client class (working/middle) and gender (male/female). Findings suggest that among male clients, the higher the social class, the more favorable the therapists' attitude; among female clients, the trend is in the opposite direction. Results are discussed in the context of the sexual division of labor and differential expectations for male and female clients in therapy. PMID- 7258318 TI - Gender role and family relationships in adolescent children of chronic schizophrenic mothers: findings from a longitudinal study of whole families. AB - Gender roles of 25 adolescent offspring of chronic schizophrenic mothers were explored in a three-year study comprising family and individual interviews, as well as questionnaire data. Findings showed that families were rigidly traditional, according low status to females. Adolescent girls tended to identify with opposite-sex relatives and to show cross-sex behavior and preferences. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 7258319 TI - Children's acquisition of sex-role behavior in lesbian-mother families. AB - Children's play and activity interests as indices of sex-role behavior were compared for a sample of lesbian and heterosexual single mothers and their children. More striking than any differences were the similarities between the two groups of children on acquisition of sex-role behavior and between the two groups of mothers on encouragement of sex-role behavior. PMID- 7258320 TI - Lesbian mothers and their children: a comparative survey. AB - Forty children ages five to 12, divided equally into groups according to their mothers' sexual object choice and within group by sex, were assessed by a research team. Gender development of the children was not identifiably different in the two groups. Prevalence of disturbance among the children was not found to be a function of the mother's sexual object choice. Case material is used to illustrate the variety and complexity of the issues involved. PMID- 7258321 TI - Gay fathers: evolution of the gay-father identity. AB - Interview data from an exploratory study of 18 gay fathers indicate that identity congruence evolves over time as these men participate in both the world of fathers and the world of gays. Disclosure of each identity in the opposite world, and the acceptance of both identities by intimate others, are also crucial to the gay father's achievement of self-acceptance. PMID- 7258323 TI - Measurement of middle ear volume using the impedance audiometer. AB - Ears with chronic otitis media are characteristically associated with small mastoid air cell systems. This also indicates a small air volume in these ears, which may influence the pathophysiology and course. Therefore, it may be important to get a measure of the air volume in the middle ear mastoid air cell system. Conventional mastoid X-ray investigations have so far been used for estimating this volume. As impedance audiometry has gained in popularity during recent years, it has been postulated that this tool may be useful for measuring the volume in the middle ear and the mastoid system. In this report we present data comparing the acoustically measured size to direct volumetric and planimetric size of the mastoid air cell system on the X-ray film. Temporal bone specimens with perforation of the tympanic membrane have been investigated. A good correlation between these methods is obtained, and we conclude that impedance audiometry enables a rapid and valuable estimation of the air reservoir in the middle ear. PMID- 7258322 TI - Cochlear otosclerosis: acoustic reflex findings. AB - Progressive cochlear impairment develops in a small percentage of patients with clinical otosclerosis, apparently owing to involvement of the cochlea by the otosclerotic bone. In recent years it has been postulated that otosclerosis frequently produces a pure sensorineural hearing impairment without stapedial involvement. We investigated the acoustic reflex responses in a group of patients diagnosed as sensorineural otosclerosis and compared these reflex findings with the findings in patients with confirmed otosclerosis but with a minimal conductive impairment. In the minimal conductive hearing impairment group we substantiated the findings of others that the negative on-off reflex is common in otosclerotic patients whose conductive impairment is 10dB or less. In the group with cochlear otosclerosis we found abnormal reflexes in 58 percent of the patients. These findings indicate that stapedial involvement is common in patients thought to have pure sensorineural otosclerosis. PMID- 7258324 TI - The incidence of hearing disorders in the schoolchildren of Trinidad. AB - Two thousand forty-seven (2047) ears of elementary school children of the Republic of Trinidad were screened with pure-tone and immitance tests. Approximately 20 percent of the ears showed type B and C tympanograms, compared with only 2 percent failing a 30 dB, 4 K Hz pure tone. In 13 percent an ipsilateral middle ear muscle reflex could not be elicited. Results are reported in terms of the subjects' racial background. This study tends to support the theory of a genetic origin of otitis media. PMID- 7258325 TI - A retrospective analysis of the intact canal wall tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy. AB - A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent surgery for chronic otitis media, cholesterol granuloma, and cholesteatoma between 1971 and 1979 was performed. The prevalence of postoperative cholesteatoma was higher than that previously reported in the literature. This emphasizes the need to re-explore patients who have had intact canal wall tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy performed for the removal of cholesteatoma. The elimination of cavity problems and better functional results must be balanced against the need for a second operation when an intact canal wall procedure for cholesteatoma is considered. Cholesteatomas occurring in children appear to be more aggressive than those occurring in adults. PMID- 7258326 TI - A technique for the preservation of cadaver temporal bone specimens. PMID- 7258327 TI - ABG, dips and notches evaluation of cochlear reserve in otosclerosis. AB - This study of a possible relationship between the ABG and the remodeling of the niche in otosclerosis in a significant number of patients operated on by stapedectomy allows the authors to define six types of ABG shape, corresponding to various types of stapedial fixation and remodeling of the niche. But the difficulties in finding the real bone conduction threshold levels, which ABG shapes depend on, lead us first to explain the mechanism of the various dips and notches altering bone conduction curves; and second, to try to find a safe and sure method for precise evaluation of the real cochlear reserve in otospongiosis/otosclerosis. We conclude that the best method is the bone conduction speech audiometry, mainly the bone conduction speech Weber tes, which automatically shows the true cochlear reserve of the ear to be operated on. PMID- 7258328 TI - Staging Meniere's disease: description of a vertigo-disability profile. PMID- 7258329 TI - A reconsideration of the parameters for evaluating tympanic reconstruction. AB - Twenty years' experience with tympanoplasty operations incorporating ossicular reconstruction revealed some unexpected improvements in bone conduction thresholds postoperatively. Because there appeared to be a relationship between this occurrence and the degree of air-bone closure, the possibility that bone conduction thresholds were related to the efficiency of the middle ear sound transformer mechanism was investigated. It has been possible to demonstrate that such a relationship does exist. Its extent and the possible underlying mechanisms are discussed. It is concluded that the evaluation of ossiculoplasty results would be more realistic if they were based on a parameter that measures cochlear function with greater accuracy than do preoperative bone conduction thresholds. PMID- 7258330 TI - The facial nerve. PMID- 7258331 TI - Bone mineral-osteon analysis of Yupik-Inupiaq skeletons. AB - Living adult Eskimos from St. Lawrence Island, North Alaska, and Canada undergo an earlier and more rapid rate of age-related bone mineral loss compared to U.S. whites. Further, it has been shown that Eskimos and Indians differ in patterns of osteon remodeling at the Haversian envelope. Femoral bone cores from adult Eskimos skeletons from St. Lawrence Island (n = 53), Kodiak Island (n = 92), Baffin Island (n = 44), and Southampton Island (n = 69) were analyzed and the results compared with those obtained from cores from U.S. whites (n = 144). Cortical thickness, bone mineral content of cores, cortical bone density, secondary osteon and Haversian canal number and area were quantified for each core. Ages at death were estimated by histological methods and compared with the ages at death estimated by morphological methods for the Eskimo skeletons. Known ages at death were compared with histologically estimated ages at death for the U.S. white series. St. Lawrence Island and Kodiak Island (Yupik speakers) Eskimo cortical thickness values were significantly (P less than .05) greater than Baffin Island and Southampton Island (Inupiaq speakers) Eskimos cortical thickness values but less than the cortical thickness values for U.S. whites. The bone mineral content of the Southampton Eskimos femoral cores was the lowest found in this study. Histological analysis of the femoral bone sections showed that Eskimos contain more osteons per unit area than U.S. whites. No differences in osteon size were noted between the two populations. Differences in patterns of osteon remodeling between Eskimos and whites were inferred. Age at death estimation by histological methods in Eskimos using U.S. white regression equations yielded age estimates in poor agreement with those obtained by morphological methods. PMID- 7258332 TI - Reindeer Chukchi and Siberian Eskimos: studies on blood groups, serum proteins, and red cell enzymes with regard to genetic heterogeneity. AB - Phenotype and allelic frequencies for ABO, MNSs, P, Rh, Kell, Duffy, and Diego blood groups, as well as for transferrins (Tf), haptoglobins (Hp), phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1), adenylate kinase (AK), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), and acid phosphatase (AcP) are described in 9-10 adjoining populations of Reindeer Chukchi. Additionally, one of three presently existing territorial subgroups of Siberian Eskimos was studied. The total sample size ranges from 931 to 1,066 in Chukchi, and from 99 to 102 in Eskimos, depending on the genetic system studied. Substantially reduced samples for Kidd and ABO secretion were investigated solely in the Reindeer Chukchi. Significant heterogeneity of allelic frequencies has been observed among Chukchi populations (X(2)124 = 378.47, P less than 0.001). Summed genetic heterogeneity between Reindeer Chukchi and Siberian Eskimos was also found to be highly significant (X(2)14 = 186.54, P less than 0.001). Both groups can be readily discriminated with only four outliers: Ns, P1, R1, and pa. Random genetic drift is suggested to be responsible for a large proportion of heterogeneity of allelic frequencies at the MNSs, P, and Rh blood-group system sites both among the Chukchi and Eskimos. Conversely, stabilizing selection is assumed as the principal agent maintaining homogeneous allelic frequencies at the AcP locus within the Chukchi subdivisions, whereas disruptive selection may be considered as a major factor leading to different Pa frequencies between Chukchi and Eskimos. PMID- 7258333 TI - Multivariate statistical analysis of quantitative serum protein data in populations of Rwanda. AB - Data on serum protein levels of four populations from Rwanda were analyzed by multivariate statistical methods to assess their utility as an anthropological tool. These populations consisted of two ethnic groups in two different environments. Seven proteins were considered in the analysis. The total concentration of proteins is intermediate between Italian levels and those of the Binga pygmies of the Republic of Central Africa (RCA). Discrimination between the populations was possible with a 25% misclassification. The major principal components can be interpreted from a medical viewpoint, and show significant differences between the populations. PMID- 7258334 TI - Dimensional characteristics of the Filipino dentition. AB - This study concerns odontometric analysis of the Tagalog Filipinos in Manila, Philippines. Mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of the permanent dentition, a total of 56 variables, were studied in 100 males and 152 females. Results showed that their absolute tooth size was small. Relative tooth size, however, seemed to reflect their Southeast Asian Mongoloid origin. From univariate analysis, considerable male-female differences were shown in most of the variables studied. When correlation effects among the teeth were held constant through multivariate analysis, male-female distance was found to be small and substantial overlapping of the two multivariate distributions was evident. Only four variables could be shown by stepwise discriminant analysis to contribute significantly to the distance. Even the mandibular canine, as the strongest discriminator, could only account for 16.4% of the total multivariate distance. These contrasting findings for sex dimorphism in a set of teeth taken singly and taken jointly indicate that there are factors other than the teeth themselves that are expected to play important roles in determining overall male-female size differences in the set of teeth, and that these differences may not be as clear cut as univariate analysis suggests. PMID- 7258335 TI - Generalized joint hypermobility and black admixture in school children of Bahia, Brazil. AB - Joint hypermobility was investigated in a sample of 3,000 school children, ages 6 -7 years, in Bahia, Brazil. A sampling method was designed to assure an equal number of 50 children in the smallest size classes, when age, race, and sex were held constant. Race was classified in five subgroups to assess the proportion of black admixture. The overall frequency of generalized joint hypermobility was 2.3%. The darker the children the lower the frequency of affected children. However, this racial effect was also associated with age: The highest frequency of generalized joint hypermobility was among the youngest and less black mixed children, whereas among the oldest and darker children there was no case of joint hypermobility. PMID- 7258336 TI - The S-leut anthropometric traits: genetic analysis. AB - Genetic analyses were conducted on 51 anthropometric measurements and on four factors derived from them by factor analysis. These variables were obtained on 784 members of a religious isolate, the S-leut. Correlations were computed between relatives, and heritabilities were estimates using information on extended families. Longitudinal measurements generally exhibited the highest heritabilities. The test for fit of a major gene model was significant for 13 of the 55 variables, the circumferential and breadth measurements giving the strongest evidence for major gene control. In another approach to establishment of genetic control, linkage analysis was performed between the anthropometric variables and blood group and serum protein polymorphisms. Several traits showed some evidence for linkage but none achieved statistical significance. PMID- 7258337 TI - The effects of aging and secular trend on adult stature in rural western Ireland. AB - Cross-sectional data, consisting of anthropometric measurements for 347 adults males and 261 adult females in western Ireland measured during the 1930s, were used to determine the effects of aging and secular change upon stature. Estimates of statural loss due to aging were obtained using partial regression of stature on age while controlling for subischial length, and regression of the difference between observed stature and maximum predicted stature on age. Males show the effects of aging to a greater extent than do females. After correction for the effects of aging, the adjusted values of stature were progressed on age to estimate secular trend of stature. For males, there is a general increase of stature with time, excepting those born around 1878, while females generally show random variation with time. Both male and female adjusted stature decrease sharply around 1878, for which alternative historical explanations are proposed, relating to differential migration and survival. PMID- 7258338 TI - Gm and Inv (Km) studies of Melanesian people on the Huon Peninsula in Northeast Papua New Guinea: polymorphism for a Gm1,5,10,11,13,14,17,21,26 Haplotype. AB - Blood samples from 448 people living in six villages in the Huon Peninsula in northeast Papua, New Guinea, were tested for Gm(1,2,3,5,6,10,11,13,14,17,21,24,26) and Inv(1) [Km(1)]. All the people are non Austronesian (NAN) speakers. As expected, there was a low frequency of the Gm1,3,5,10,11,13,14,26 haplotype, but in contradiction to expectations there was a complete absence of Gm1,2,17,21,26 haplotype. In addition, samples from people in one village (Yupna) and probably those for two other villages (Irumu 13 and 14) have the rare haplotype Gm1,5,10,11,13,14,21,26 at polymorphic frequencies. Two samples from people living in Yupna had the rare phenotype Gm(1,3,17,21,26), indicating the presence of any one of several rare haplotypes that had been observed in other populations. These are discussed. PMID- 7258339 TI - The role of body mass in thermoregulation. AB - Inbred Fisher and Buffalo rats were raised in small and in large litters and by such litter manipulation, large- and small-bodied animals were obtained within the same strain. When the rats were exposed to extreme cold and heat, it appeared that large-bodied rats in both strains survived longer in cold and small-bodied rats survived longer in heat. The two trends were clearly evident, and individual correlations between survival time and body mass were generally significant. However, there were also irregularities in such correlations. It is concluded that this is due to the fact that body mass is only one factor determining temperature tolerance in addition to hypothalamic, endocrine, and possibly neurochemical factors not known to be correlated to body mass. PMID- 7258340 TI - Population structure of Alaskan and Siberian indigenous communities. AB - Genetic data consisting of 14 red cell antigen groups and 11 serum and erythrocytic protein marker systems from four Eskimo populations of the Norton Sound area of Alaska are reported. The population structure of these four groups in analyzed both separately and within the larger context by comparison to 15 other circumpolar groups. These analyses reveal a good fit between genetic structure, geographic distribution, linguistic affiliation, and the ethnohistory of the region. PMID- 7258341 TI - Heritability and components of phenotypic expression in skin reflectance of Mestizos from the Peruvian lowlands. AB - Skin reflectance was measured on the inner arm and forehead of a sample of 209 Mestizos ranging in age from 2 to 64 years living in the town of Lamas in the Eastern peruvian Lowlands. The sample consisted of 43 father-son, 42 father daughter, 62 mother-son, and 70 mother-daughter pairs. The sample also consisted of 57 brother-brother, 60 sister-sister and 139 brother-sister pairs. The reflectance measurements were made with a Photovolt Reflection Meter, model 670. Stepwise polynomial regression techniques were used to derive standardized residual values. Then using these residual values parent-offspring, sibling intraclass correlations and components of the phenotype expression of skin reflectance were calculated. The study indicates that 1) the parent-offspring and sibling correlation coefficients conformed with the theoretical correlations expected assuming polygenic inheritance; 2) the husband-wife correlations indicate a high degree of assortative mating for skin color, but despite this effect the parent-offspring and sibling correlation coefficients are lower that the values expected under the influence of autosomal genes; 3) estimates of heritability and components of phenotypic expression indicate that about 55% of the total variability in skin reflectance could be attributed to the influence of additive genetic factors; and 4) there is no evidence of X-linkage in the inheritance of skin color. PMID- 7258342 TI - Sexual dimorphism and allometry in primate ossa coxae. AB - Five measurements were taken on the ossa coxae of 454 adult primates representing Ceboidea, Cercopithecoidea and Hominoidea. Sex differences in these variables and their relationships to overall body size and sexual dimorphism were tested by means of Student's T-test and regression analysis. The study attempts to clarify the nature of primate pelvic sexual dimorphism, including allometric effects, and more specifically, test the assertion made by Mobb and Wood (1977) that sexual dimorphism in body size in not an important determinant in pelvic sex differences. Variables that contribute to the size of the birth canal tend to be larger in females than males in all taxa studied except two. In these, Hylobates and Alouatta, there were no significant differences between the sexes for any of the five variables. In general, sexual dimorphism in variables contributing to the size of the birth canal was correlated (r approximately or equal to 0.8) with sexual dimorphism in body size. Furthermore, the coefficients of allometry underlying pelvic sex differences were shown to be moderately correlated (r approximately or equal to 0.5) with sexual dimorphism in size. The influence of other adaptive factors on primate pelvic sexual dimorphism are also briefly discussed. PMID- 7258344 TI - Anterior dental cutting at Laetolil. AB - No evidence supports the interpretation of malocclusion in the LH-14 right P3. The pattern of anterior cutting shown in the younger laetolil specimens has its analogue in the deciduous dentitions of Pongo. PMID- 7258343 TI - Hemoglobin variations on a small Bahamian island. AB - Hemoglobino characteristic were investigated in 492 blood specimens collected in a small island community (1,450 inhabitants) in the Bahamas. Using two different methods, abnormal variants were detected in 20.3% of the sample, including genotypes AS, AC, AF(A/HPFH), SC, and SF. Biodemographic evidence suggests that the origin and distribution of the hemoglobinpathies in this population have been influenced by historical migrations and genetic drift. The opportunity for drift has been particularly heightened by the "founder effect," the maintenance of small population size, a relatively endogamous mating structure, and restricted immigration. Health survey results reveal a wide discrepancy between the actual prevalence of abnormal hemoglobins and that indicated by informant reports. PMID- 7258345 TI - A multivariate analysis of temporal change in Arikara craniometrics: a methodological approach. AB - We have examined temporal changes in the cranial architecture of Arikara Amerindians from five archaeological sites in South Dakota which span a time period of approximately 230 years (ca. A.D. 1600-1830). We have utilized a multivariate statistical method based on a principal components analysis of the pooled within-groups correlation matrix rather than the more traditional methods of ascertaining morphological relationships, e.g., discriminant functions, Mahalanobis' D2, or Penrose's Size and Shape. Our component structure, based on a regional sample and the mathematically simpler principal components analysis, is very similar to the factor structure obtained by Howells (1973) using a world wide sample and factor analysis proper. This supports the notion of the "universality" of cranial structure. An axis of temporal variation was introduced into the component space by means of multiple regression. This analysis indicates that a substantial portion of the intergroup variation is temporal in nature and the systematic temporal changes occur along the facial height, transverse frontal flatness, and frontal profile flatness components. Earlier analyses of the same material by more conventional methods either did not detect the temporal trends at all or failed to isolate the specific nature of the temporal changes. The success of the present analysis attests to the value of examining morphological relationships be means of principal components. PMID- 7258346 TI - Blood protein variation in a population of Ethiopian vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops aethiops). AB - Seven small groups of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops aethiops), totaling 124 individuals, from Awash National Park, Ethiopia, were trapped and blood samples were obtained. Twenty-three loci were examined by starch gel electrophoresis and four loci, Tf, E, ADA, and PMG2 were found to be polymorphic. The average heterozygosity (H) of the population was calculated to be 5.6%. No significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium proportions occurred and a chi-square test for group homogeneity was also not significant. Average Fst for all polymorphic loci was calculated to be 0.062. This suggests that the entire group functions as a single Mendelian population. PMID- 7258347 TI - Growth of rural and urban children in the valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. AB - Weight, stature, arm circumference, and the triceps skinfold were measured in 1,410 school children, 6 through 14 years of age, from two urban colonies in the city of Oaxaca de Juarez (n = 479), and from two rural Ladino (n = 467) and two rural Zapotec (n = 464) communities in the Valley of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. Children from rural Ladino communities and urban colonies are significantly taller, heavier, and more muscular than children in rural Zapotec communities. The differences between rural Ladino and urban colonia children favor the former, particularly for weight and stature. These observations thus suggest 1) that children in the rural, indigenous communities in the Valley of Oaxaca are relatively undernourished compared to children in Ladinoized and urban communities, and 2) that rural-to-urban migration does not necessarily result in improved growth status. PMID- 7258348 TI - The diagnostic interview for borderline patients. AB - The authors describe the content, administration, reliability, construct validity, and training requirements for a semistructured diagnostic interview for borderline patients. The interview is composed of operationally defined and scored variables that assess five areas of functioning considered most characteristic of borderline patients--social adaptation, impulse/action patterns, affects, psychosis, and interpersonal relations. Their results show that the interview provides a reasonably constructed and reliable method for researchers and clinicians interested in identifying the syndrome of borderline personality disorders. Although existing research supports the clinical utility of defining borderline patients with the diagnostic interview for borderline patients, both the diagnosis and the content of the interview may require revisions. PMID- 7258349 TI - REM sleep dreams and the activation-synthesis hypothesis. AB - The authors studied 104 dreams obtained from 14 subjects and quantified the formal aspects of the subjects' dream experiences by the following categories: movement in dreams, sensation, affect, dream bizarreness, and dream lucidity. Their results are compared with the predictions of the activation-synthesis hypothesis, which postulates that the characteristic formal aspects of dreams correspond to characteristic aspects of physiological activation during REM sleep. Although further experimental work is needed, the authors show that their results are consistent with and supportive of the activation-synthesis hypothesis. PMID- 7258350 TI - Psychiatrists' life and work patterns: a statewide comparison of women and men. AB - The author systematically assessed the backgrounds, training and career experiences, and perceptions of career-marriage interactions of women and men psychiatrists in a large mid-Atlantic state. Although there were many similarities, the women differed on several sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., marital status, religious affiliation, number of children, and professional status of parents). Women also reported lower incomes than men, even when Board certification and number of hours worked were considered. In addition, compared with men, women perceived less support from their professional colleagues, and a larger proportions of married women felt that career and marriage were mutually enhancing. PMID- 7258351 TI - Dilemmas in the evaluation and management of religious cultists. AB - Religious cultism defies easy generalizations. Motivating forces behind cult membership range from brainwashing-like processes to fulfillment of severe predisposing psychopathological needs; they operate to varying degrees in different individuals. Thus, the formulation of a rational and consistent therapeutic strategy may be difficult, particularly for the clinician inexperienced in this area. Treatment may be further complicated by parental pressures to adopt a deprogramming therapy model, which risks the clinician's independence, objectivity, and effectiveness. Two contrasting case histories highlight these and other evaluation and treatment dilemmas. PMID- 7258352 TI - Strategies for evaluating the outcome of community services for the chronically mentally ill. AB - A growing number of community support services are being designed for the chronically mentally ill with the goal of improving this population's adjustment to noninstitutional settings. Program planners anticipate that a comprehensive array of psychiatry and other human services will also benefit families of the mentally ill, staff working with the mentally ill, and communities in which these persons reside. Given this complex services delivery model the authors discuss strategies that must be established for evaluating the effectiveness of community support services. They analyze the methodological issues in designing pertinent outcome studies and suggest research priorities for studying the various target populations and other variables. PMID- 7258353 TI - Mental health expenditures in California counties. AB - In 1957 California began placing responsibility for public mental health services on county programs still vary widely in emphasis and size. The authors explored determinants of counties' unequal program developments using per capita expenditures as the measure of county services. Sociodemographic variables that help explain states' social program expenditures correlate weakly or not at all with county mental health expenditures. The most powerful predictor of these expenditures is number of psychiatrists per 10,000 population. Equal per capita expenditures, however, are not a reasonable goal; these can mask wide variations in program content, efficiency, and quality of care. PMID- 7258354 TI - Statistical basis for exploring schizophrenia. AB - The authors illustrate the use of multivariate statistics as a tool for exploring diagnostic factors in schizophrenia in two areas: the derivation and replication of the 12-point flexible diagnostic system and the definition of schizophrenic subtypes. They suggest an interactive approach between clinician and statistician to ensure the optimal combination of clinical judgment and systematic data analysis. Statistical concepts are presented with a minimum of statistical terminology. PMID- 7258355 TI - Beyond diagnosis: the phenomenology of schizophrenia. AB - The authors believe that sharp distinctions of schizophrenia based on cross sectional signs and symptoms provide the basis for precise and reliable diagnoses, but they do not believe that diagnoses derived from a narrow descriptive base are generously informative on the broad range of human functioning vulnerable to impairment in the course of schizophrenic illness. They comment on the 12-point flexible diagnostic system, illustrating the strengths and weaknesses of well-defined but narrow models for diagnosis, and on the results of testing the predictive validity of several diagnostic approaches. Finally, they contrast the phenomenologic approaches to schizophrenic illness with modern-day descriptive psychiatry, noting implications for clinical practice. PMID- 7258356 TI - New directions in diagnosis: the longitudinal processes of schizophrenia. AB - Kraepelin's description of "dementia praecox" was a synthesizing influence in a field that had for too long been fragmented in its thinking about severe psychiatric disorders. Now, once again, the field is attempting to deal with some of the complexities involved in psychopathology and its evolution, complexities that have been reemphasized by newer descriptive research methods. To account for patients deviations from stereotyped diagnostic and prognostic concepts, multiple aspects of course of disorder have been defined and principles of multiaxial diagnosis supported. These principles can provide a basic structure for practice and research using a biopsychosocial orientation within the context of a system model. PMID- 7258357 TI - Specificity of risk factors for depression. AB - The author compared 94 depressed patients with 94 nondepressed patients who had a personality disorder in a matched control study. A family history of depression, parental loss before 17 years, and unemployment were found to be risk factors associated with depression in the women. In the men, however, parental loss was the only factor associated with depression. PMID- 7258358 TI - The internship year in psychiatry: a status report. AB - The reinstitution of the "internship" requirement by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology resulted in the development of a 4-year residence by most residency programs. The authors distributed a questionnaire to more than 200 psychiatry residency directors to collect data concerning the new "internship" year. Their results indicate that there is considerable diversity in the content of the "internship" and general satisfaction with the quality of the experience. PMID- 7258359 TI - Families at risk for father-daughter incest. AB - Forty women who had had incestuous relationships with their fathers during childhood were compared with 20 women whose fathers had been seductive but not overtly incestuous. More of the women who had experienced overt incest reported that their fathers had been violent and that their mothers had been chronically ill, disabled, or battered. Untreated depression, alcoholism, or psychosis or repeated involuntary childbearing were most commonly cited as causes of impaired maternal functioning. Women who had experienced overt incest had a higher rate of running away, suicide attempts, and pregnancy during adolescence than the comparison group. The authors suggest that clinicians be alert to the possibility of incest in families which contain a violent father, a disabled mother, or an "acting-out" adolescent girl. PMID- 7258360 TI - Diversion of the mentally ill into the criminal justice system: the police intervention perspective. AB - The authors used longitudinal data from a suburban police department to assess whether increasing numbers of mentally ill individuals are coming to police attention in a state that has restrictive civil commitment laws. To test the hypothesis that police would arrest disruptive but nondangerous individuals to expedite their removal from the community, the authors studied the outcomes of all incidents involving a mentally ill individual during a 5-month period. Mental illness-related incidents coming to police attention increased 227.6% from 1975 to 1979. Although a 13% arrest rate was reported for nondangerous incidents, police officers invoked the penal code only as a last resort. PMID- 7258361 TI - Effect of imipramine on prolapsed mitral valves of patients with panic disorder. PMID- 7258362 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test as a prognostic tool: two case reports. PMID- 7258363 TI - Fatal nortriptyline overdose, plasma levels, and in vivo methylation of tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7258364 TI - Reactivation of traumatic conflicts. PMID- 7258365 TI - Rebound cardiac arrhythmia after withdrawal from imipramine: a case report. PMID- 7258366 TI - Antecedents of bipolar affective disorders in children. PMID- 7258368 TI - Posttraumatic stress disorder of a former hostage. PMID- 7258369 TI - Suicidal behavior and the dexamethasone suppression test. PMID- 7258367 TI - Handedness and dichotic listening performance in patients with unipolar endogenous depression who received ECT. PMID- 7258370 TI - Dangerousness: in the eye of the beholder? PMID- 7258371 TI - Psychological manifestations of embolization. PMID- 7258372 TI - Use of stimulant medication in treating pervasive developmental disorder. PMID- 7258373 TI - More on primal scene observation. PMID- 7258374 TI - Differentiating sociopathic behavior. PMID- 7258375 TI - Presidential address: Today's teachers and tomorrow's psychiatrists. PMID- 7258376 TI - Response to the presidential address. PMID- 7258377 TI - Research on the results of psychotherapy: a summary of evidence. AB - The authors present a basic overview of recent research on the outcome of psychotherapy, considering different types of therapy and different diagnostic categories separately. In some studies psychotherapy was more efficacious than spontaneous remission or placebo effects, especially in cases of anxiety and in nonpsychotic depression. As an adjunct to drugs and/or ECT, psychotherapy was effective in lowering the relapse rate of schizophrenic outpatients. Psychotherapy appeared to be more effective when focusing on realistic, relevant issues and when teaching social skills. Family therapy may be the most robust mode in terms of consistent positive results with different problems. Although results continue to be mixed, methodological progress is apparent and optimism for continued progress is warranted. PMID- 7258378 TI - Battered wife syndrome: overview of dynamics and treatment. AB - The authors review some pertinent features of the battered wife syndrome, including definitions, incidence, characteristics of wives, injury profiles, setting of the violence, psychodynamics, role of alcohol, family backgrounds, characteristics of husbands, coping responses of wives, seeking help, social support systems, recognition of the battering syndrome, prevention and treatment, and group therapy. Although force has long been used as a resource in family politics, we have just started to understand some of its precipitants, social and clinical consequences, and treatment options. The battering syndrome is not a disease per se because it cuts across socioeconomic and diagnostic categories. Controlled studies and national attention are required in order to understand more about this costly problem, which poses a treatment dilemma to clinical psychiatry. PMID- 7258379 TI - The effect of pimozide on CSF norepinephrine in schizophrenia. AB - The authors measured CSF norepinephrine concentrations in drug-free schizophrenic patients with and without probenecid administration and in drug-free normal control subjects. Schizophrenic patients had significantly higher baseline norepinephrine values. The dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid correlated significantly with norepinephrine. During chronic treatment with the neuroleptic pimozide, patients' norepinephrine levels were significantly decreased. The pimozide-induced decrease in norepinephrine, as well as the percent decrease, correlated significantly with the patients' decrease in global psychosis. These data are consistent with recent reports of elevated concentrations of norepinephrine in specific brain areas of schizophrenic patients, and they support a role for norepinephrine metabolism in the pharmacological effects of antipsychotic drugs. PMID- 7258380 TI - Information processing dysfunction in paranoid schizophrenia: a two-factor deficit. AB - The authors investigated information processing in schizophrenia by studying 30 paranoid schizophrenic patients and 30 depressed inpatients. The basic methodology relied on tachistoscopic presentation of stimuli. First, the critical stimulus duration needed for identification of a target stimulus was determined. Second, when the target stimulus was followed by a masking stimulus, a measure of speed of information processing was obtained. The schizophrenic patients were imparied on input factors and speed of processing. The authors think it is unlikely that the results were due to medication effect or to gross psychopathology. Their discussion centers on how this two-factor deficit in information processing may result in cognitive disruption and how this study relates to other investigations. PMID- 7258381 TI - Racial intolerance in a correctional institution: an ecological view. AB - To determine the significance of social factors in racial intolerance, the authors studied the relationship between relational behavior and ethnicity, group status and role, peer acceptance, and group cohesion in an adolescent correctional institution. Results portray three distinct patterns of adaptation. Hispanics (Chicanos) formed a highly cohesive group that required considerable conformity to group norms; policy was implemented by a leadership capable of relating well to all ethnic groups. Whites formed a disorganized and fragmented group, led by individuals who engaged in racially antagonistic behavior. The highly cohesive black group and their leadership were simultaneously in the forefront of both racial cooperation and racial conflict. PMID- 7258382 TI - Critique of the Danish-American studies of the adopted-away offspring of schizophrenic parents. AB - Studies of the adopted-away children of schizophrenic parents that have claimed to have shown a strong genetic factor in the etiology of schizophrenia have had a great impact on psychiatry, including effects on the direction and support of research. An examination of these studies, however, controverts these conclusions. The authors demonstrate that without the inclusion of parents with manic-depressive and indefinite diagnoses in the index group, there is no statistically significant difference between the number of offspring with schizophrenic spectrum diagnoses in the index and control groups. PMID- 7258383 TI - Assessment of psychotherapy skills: the problem of interrater agreement. AB - Thirteen experienced supervising psychiatrists independently rated the psychotherapy interviews of six residents, using a detailed assessment instrument. Although interrater agreement was significantly greater than would be expected by chance, the extent of agreement was uniformly low. Agreement was significantly poorer for judgments about technique skills than about communication skills and for second-year than for first-year residents. Other factors, such as the faculty rank and training of the rater, did not covary significantly with observed ratings. The findings suggest that rating methods which purport to assess psychotherapy skills should undergo careful methodological evaluation and testing before they are accepted as valid assessment techniques. PMID- 7258384 TI - Incompetence to refuse treatment: a necessary condition for civil commitment. AB - The recent U.S. District Court decision in A.E. and R.R. v. Mitchell held that psychiatric patients who are civilly committed under the Utah statute have no constitutional right to refuse treatment for the mental illness that led to their commitment. This unique law incorporates a judicial determination of competency to refuse treatment at the time of the commitment hearing and thus circumvents the objection to involuntary treatment raised in Rogers v. Okin. A number of psychiatrists have urged the use of this determination of competency, and recently the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit held it to be the sine qua non for the state's use of parens patriae power in compelling committed patients to accept neuroleptic medication. PMID- 7258385 TI - Physostigmine and lithium response in the schizophrenias. AB - Conflicting reports concerning cholinomimetic-induced reduction of schizophrenic symptoms prompted the authors to study such changes in schizophrenic symptoms following physostigmine infusions in subgroups of patients with schizophrenic like illness. These subgroups were defined by the presence or absence of antipsychotic response during a 2-week trial of lithium alone after physostigmine infusion. Patients who showed significant but temporary improvement in their thinking disturbance on serial Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores following physostigmine infusion subsequently responded to lithium; patients who failed to improve following physostigmine also failed to respond to lithium. The authors suggest that some schizophrenic-like illnesses may be biologically similar to mania both with respect to physostigmine and lithium-induced changes in symptomatology. PMID- 7258386 TI - Tryptophan metabolism in children with attentional deficit disorder. AB - The authors present the first report, to their knowledge, of hyperserotonemia in children with attentional deficit disorder who had normal intelligence. Hyperserotonemic children had significantly lower levels of plasma total and protein-bound tryptophan and a higher percentage of free tryptophan than those with normal serotonin levels. Plasma kynurenine did not differ, suggesting that the hyperserotonemia is not due to a blockade of the kynurenine pathway but may reflect on increase in tissue tryptophan uptake and use. PMID- 7258387 TI - Predictors of self-mutilation in patients with schizophrenia. AB - The authors found that a self-imposed change in physical appearance during the acute phase before hospital admission and a previous act of self-mutilation differentiated self-mutilators from control subjects in a group of patients with schizophrenia. Anticipated object loss and living with others were factors of clinical importance but did not reach statistical significance. PMID- 7258388 TI - Seizures induced by acute loxapine overdose. AB - The author reviewed records of 10 patients who had experienced acute loxapine overdose. The most frequent medical complications were CNS depression, sinus tachycardia, hypertension, and hypothermia; 6 patients had had generalized major motor seizures, 1 had had recurrent paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, and 2 had had transient renal insufficiency from rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. Other clinical effects from loxapine overdose were predominantly anticholinergic. The author recommends that loxapine-overdose patients receive ECG monitoring and treatment of medical complications in an intensive care unit. PMID- 7258391 TI - Training vocational rehabilitation counselors who work with chronic mental patients. AB - Because of the inefficacy of disparate psychiatric and rehabilitative approaches to psychosocial restoration of chronic mental patients, the authors designed the New England Psychiatric Rehabilitation Training Program for vocational rehabilitation counselors who work with these patients. The program extends Erikson's epigenetic sequence to development of work capacity and emphasizes a comprehensive, multiaxial approach to psychopathology and vocational rehabilitation. After 6 weeks of seminars, clinical work, and supervision, counselors return to their agencies and receive an additional 8 weeks of part time support from field faculty instructors. PMID- 7258390 TI - CSF GABA in normal subjects and patients with depression, schizophrenia, mania, and anorexia nervosa. AB - The authors examined the CSF GABA of 87 subjects: 29 normal control subjects, 11 patients with schizophrenia, 26 with depression, 6 with mania, and 15 with anorexia nervosa. Depressed patients had significantly lower CSF GABA levels than did normal subjects. This finding suggests that GABA may have a direct or indirect association with depressive affective disorders. PMID- 7258389 TI - Neurotoxic effects of occupational exposure to organotins. AB - The authors gave 22 chemical workers neurological, psychiatric, and neuropsychological examinations and placed them in one of two groups according to their degree of exposure to trimethyltin chloride spillage during January 1978. Other chemicals to which they had been exposed were dimethyltin dichloride and methyl chloride. Specific and nonspecific symptoms of intoxication of the CNS showed a significantly greater frequency in the highly exposed group, including cycles of depression and destructive rage, each lasting a few hours. These observations should alert diagnosticians to this type of occupational exposure. PMID- 7258392 TI - Effect of case definition on affective disorder rates. AB - In a preliminary analysis by the NIMH-Clinical Research Branch Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression the lifetime rate of affective illness among 1,090 interviewed relatives of depressed and manic probands was considerably lower in Iowa than in the other four centers. Among various affective disorder diagnoses, only primary unipolar depression was significantly less frequent in Iowa. This rate difference decreased with increasingly restrictive case definitions. Possible determinants of the low depression rate in Iowa will be investigated; the present data illustrate the importance of case definition in the interpretation of future findings. PMID- 7258393 TI - Motoric lateralization in schizophrenic males. AB - Over an 8-month period 84 male patients with schizophrenia were tested for handedness. The authors' data suggest that there is an increased frequency of left-handedness, as well as mixed-handedness, among schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7258394 TI - Dementia of bipolar illness: diagnosis and response to lithium. AB - The authors describe the misdiagnosis of an elderly patient with depressive dementia and suggest that lithium may be an effective treatment for some individuals with this disorder, particularly those with apparent bipolar illness. PMID- 7258395 TI - Suicide and the dexamethasone suppression test in unipolar depression. AB - The authors studied 243 inpatients with unipolar depression who had received DSTs. Of 205 patients with primary depression, the 4 who later committed suicide were among 96 with abnormal DST results; 1 patients with secondary depression committed suicide despite a normal DST result. The authors suggest that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction is associated with a type of primary depressive illness that is more likely to involve suicide than are other types. PMID- 7258396 TI - Inhalant abuse, pregnancy, and neglected children. PMID- 7258397 TI - Toxic delirium resulting from combination antidepressant therapy. PMID- 7258398 TI - Clonazepam and tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 7258399 TI - Alcohol consumption and trimipramine: a puzzling gender differential. PMID- 7258401 TI - Neuropathologic effects of ECT. PMID- 7258400 TI - The tragedy of legal impediments involved in obtaining ECT for patients unable to give informed consent. PMID- 7258402 TI - Hazards of mistaking haloperidol for diazepam. PMID- 7258403 TI - Disadvantages of prescribing thioridazine? PMID- 7258404 TI - The black crepe of shame--threats of persecution of physicians by physicians for political reasons. PMID- 7258405 TI - Delusions and parasitosis: psychotherapeutic engagement. AB - As with many psychiatric syndromes, there are multiple etiological factors which seem to play a role in the development of delusions of parasitosis. Our case report suggests that a psychotherapeutic approach may prove valuable in treatment. Acaraphobic and other monosymptomatic hypochondriacal patients, despite an extreme defensive stance, will adhere to and cooperate with a therapeutic process which enables them to voice psychic pain without challenging the validity of a somatic complaint. In finally sharing feelings of deprivation and hurt, the patient can, with some additional rather "concrete" advice, proceed to a point where he no longer must prove the legitimacy of his complaint. By the very nature of this freedom, he can then work with the therapist in a meaningful, rather than stalemated, psychotherapeutic process. PMID- 7258406 TI - The partial transsexual. PMID- 7258407 TI - Multiple personality in India: comparison with hysterical possession state. AB - This article reports probably the first case of multiple personality from India and compares and contrasts it with the hysterical possession syndrome. Attention is drawn to the apparent rarity of multiple personality in contrast to the great prevalence of the possession syndrome in India (and other underdeveloped societies), while the reverse applies to Western Europe and North America. It is postulated that the disparity of frequency between the two manifestations of personal-identity disturbance derives from certain basic cultural differences. It is argued that polytheism and belief in reincarnation and spirits may be related to the possession syndrome, whereas high social approval of deliberate role playing may foster the multiple personality syndrome. PMID- 7258408 TI - A paradoxical effect of guilt in the psychotherapy of children. AB - I have described paradoxical naughtiness due to guilt which occurs in some child patients during therapy and, if undetected and not interpreted, can escalate to destructive proportions. A clear conceptualization of the superego developmental line is crucial since it provides a framework for understanding the shifting superego transferences as played out by the child. The prohibitive and the loving superego transferences in turn provide the specific material for interpretations that lead to new identifications with the therapist's benign superego and at times eventual understanding of the child's internalization and distortion of parental superego functions from the past. PMID- 7258409 TI - The genesis and nature of self-esteem. AB - Self-esteem is defined as a positive image of oneself based on a fair appraisal of one's assets and liabilities. It represents a longitudinal as well as a transactional, cognitive phenomenon that is considered to be a key target area for all forms of psychotherapy. The construct of self-esteem is preferred to the model of the "conflict-free sphere" of Ego psychology since in the author's opinion it provides a broader observational platform and a potentially more reliable source for clinically valid data. Clinical illustrations of the vicissitudes of self-esteem are offered. The primary purpose of this article is to encourage the systematic exploration of self-esteem as a means of better understanding a vital ingredient of human behavior without making it the exclusive focus in psychotherapeutic activities. PMID- 7258411 TI - Sexual activity in therapy: legal and ethical issues. AB - The new modalities of therapy based on sensitivity training and behavioral modifications techniques, including sexual therapy, have changed the relationship between therapist and patient, making the therapist vulnerable to malpractice suits. The whole legality of the court cases involving sexual intimacy between patient and doctor in the mental health field relies essentially on the interpretation of transference, a questionable psychological concept, but its court value is even more disputable since the damages are ill-defined from the psychological point of view. The ethical aspect of this issue, however, rests primarily on the Hippocratic oath which rightly attempts to separate therapeutic from nontherapeutic practicing of care. Yet, if the sexual interaction as a part of behavior modification is included under care, this changes even the existing concept of the ethical code. We need a better regulation of the doctor-patient relationship in order to avoid the intrusion of a questionable legality which for the most part rests on untested psychological dynamics. PMID- 7258410 TI - A developmental treatment program for the chronic patient. AB - The need exists for a prescriptive treatment program for chronic mental patients within the state hospital. The community mental health center has not met the needs of the chronic patient, and the state hospital has developed neither the diagnostic nor treatment system to qualify as a viable aspect of the overall mental health delivery system. This article presents a diagnostic system based upon developmental stages which considers the whole person and allows prescriptive treatment for the chronic patient. The description of this treatment system within a state hospital suggests the role of the large institution in the total mental health delivery system. PMID- 7258413 TI - Theories of narcissism and trauma. AB - The more severe the pathology, the more one is likely to be dealing with sexual and aggressive fantasies and transferences based on actual traumas sustained by the child. Psychic trauma interferes with the normal structuring of experience. The psychotherapist needs to help transform traumatic registrations into more or less normal memories and tolerable affects. This organizing and structuring process, which brings with it increasing cohesion of self- and object representations, corresponds to a crucial 'self-object' function of the therapist. The 'trauma paradigm' of psychopathology, with its implied organizational point of view, explains this structuring action of analytic therapy and bridges general psychoanalytic theory and special theories couched in object-relations language. PMID- 7258412 TI - Didactic persuasion techniques in cognitive restructuring. AB - Previous discussions of verbal persuasion techniques utilized in cognitive restructuring have been relatively general and imprecise. This lack of specification has made comparisons between treatment procedures and research regarding the efficacy of verbal persuasion procedures difficult. Drawing from diverse discussions of persuasive techniques, those verbal persuasion procedures considered applicable within the context of a therapeutic relationship are individually specified and discussed. The attempt to systematize verbal techniques is intended to provide a tentative nomenclature by which the verbal aspect of various cognitive therapies may be put within a firmly established framework. PMID- 7258414 TI - Brief psychoanalytic psychotherapy of nonpsychotic depression. AB - Brief psychoanalytic psychotherapy of depression must be predicated upon a clear conceptualization of the 10 main factors which play the dominant role in all depressions, though in differing rank order for each depression, namely: problems of self-esteem, a severe superego, aggression manifesting itself mostly as intra aggression, a feeling of loss, a sense of disappointment, feelings of deception, orality and stimulus hunger, dependence on narcissistic nutrients, the use of denial as the outstanding defense mechanism, and disturbances in object relations. Areas of intervention and methods of intervention must be very clearly formulated. By vigorously working through the relevant factors with the appropriate methods of intervention, depression, in my experience, lends itself very well to brief psychotherapy most of the time. PMID- 7258415 TI - Covert values in the treatment of psychosis. PMID- 7258416 TI - Psychological problems of Turkish migrants in West Germany. AB - The path of adjustment for Turkish migrants--young and old, male and female--to a highly industralized Western society is a difficult one fraught with parlous conditions over which they have little control, largely because of Germany attitudes toward and treatment of Gastarbeiter in general and Turks in particular. Holding other variables constant, the psychological problems discerned as unique to Turkish Gastarbeiter are on the rise. These problems are of such a dimension that they clearly show the urgent need for Germans, the German government and its agencies, the Turkish government, and mental health professionals to come to grips with the existing situation. A program should be devised that (1) prepares the Turks for their new life before emigration; (2) educate the host country to lessen prejudice and heighten appreciation of the alien culture. PMID- 7258417 TI - Pharmacotherapy as an intervention during the stages of psychotherapy. AB - Pharmacotherapy may be integrated into the process of psychotherapy by construing it as one of many interventions available to the physician-psychotherapist, rather than maintaining a strict dichotomy between verbal and pharmacological techniques. Each set of interventions influences cerebral electro-chemical processes and each takes place within an evolving therapeutic relationship which proceeds through different stages. Medications, like verbal interventions, may help or hinder engagement, resistance, transference, countertransference, and working through. One of the major challenges to current clinical psychiatry is the development of firm guidelines for combined therapy. PMID- 7258418 TI - Violent psychiatric patients: a study. AB - In a study of fifty-three violent psychiatric patients in a psychiatric hospital setting, it was found that there are two distinct major groups of violent patients--one of patients with a long history of antisocial behavior who are often chronically homicidal and suicidal, and another of patients who neither have a history of destructive behavior nor exhibit homicidal or suicidal tendencies. The latter become acutely assaultive only during the course of psychiatric illness. The personality traits and background associated with these two groups offer additional contrasts. Each group presents different problems and, of major importance to the psychiatric practioner, each group requires different management. PMID- 7258419 TI - Group therapy in the management of manic-depressive illness. AB - Because patients with bipolar affective illness have generally been viewed as poor candidates for psychotherapy, many clinicians have relied on lithium prophylaxis as the major treatment modality. However, even with lithium prophylaxis many patients still relapse, often in settings providing little support for maintenance treatment. This report presents the results of a long term therapy group composed exclusively of bipolar manic-depressive patients, many of whom had histories of poor adherence ot lithium maintenance. The group met weekly and was conducted with an interpersonal, interactional "here and now" format. Patients attended an average of 47 sessions. Members were initially somewhat aloof and remote and minimized their problems. Over the course of their participation, members became more open and began to discuss their concerns about their illness and lithium maintenance treatment; during this time they functioned much as members in any long-term psychotherapy group. In the two-year period prior to entering the group, patients averaged 16.8 weeks of hospitalization; in the subsequent two-year period they averaged 3.6 weeks of hospitalization. Groups of this kind may offer a simple, cost-effective adjunct to lithium maintenance treatment and may provide the advantages and opportunities of psychotherapy to a group of patients generally seen as resistant to such approaches. PMID- 7258420 TI - Monoideism in psychiatry: theoretical and clinical implications. AB - The incessant repetition of disturbing monoideistic thoughts which cannot be eliminated from the patient's mind is a symptom of a variety of psychiatric conditions. The persistent monoideistic preoccupation tends to acquire the quality of a repetitive hypnotic suggestion or "inner commands" and creates an altered state of consciousness that transcends the limits of volitional control. The one-sided ideational context permeates interpersonal relations, intensifies family conflict and drains a considerable portion of available psychic energy. Disregard or an incorrect approach to this factor may result in painful therapeutic failure, since no exploratory psychotherapy or verbal intervention technique will be able to penetrate the monoideistic armour. THe continuous repetition of the dominant idea functions as a cumulative suggestion stimulus leading to disruption of spontaneous processes and self-defeating thinking, behavioral, motivational, and affective changes. The monoideistic preoccupation may be total and pervade the individual's entire life. Any comprehensive form of therapy should offer formulations and precise procedures--for the identified patient, nuclear family, and network of significant others--to block the feedback supplying system attached to the monoideistic pattern. PMID- 7258421 TI - Unresponsiveness: the demon artefact of psychotherapy. AB - Unresponsiveness in psychotherapy has arisen out of the original advice of Freud for the psychoanalyst to be objective and neutral. This advice was carried too far, so that therapists too often do not respond in natural and human ways. Unresponsiveness has thus become an artefact in psychotherapy. The natural history of the development of this artefact in a given therapist includes certain periods when it shows marked increase, and a few times when it might decrease. Unresponsiveness on the part of therapists spreads to patients, affects relations with colleagues, and has a deleterious influence upon the families of both therapists and patients. In order to prevent the perpetuation of this artefact, changes have to be made in the teaching of psychotherapy, so that these matters are discussed openly. Teachers, with whom student psychotherapists identify, should be responsive and spontaneous, both in their own work with patients and in their work with their supervisees. PMID- 7258422 TI - Evaluation and psychotherapy of Indochinese refugee patients. AB - Based on clinical experience with 70 Indochinese refugees, specific approaches to diagnosis and treatment of these patients were developed. The psychiatrist/patient relationship was supported and improved by well-trained, empathetic interpreters who assisted with the evaluation which stressed thorough history-taking and a mental status exam. Cultural differences and the psychiatrist's attitudes about refugees and the Indochinese war influenced the therapeutic process. Treatment consisted of appropriate medication, involvement with the social agencies when necessary, and the warmth, empathy, and support of the physician. In particular, it was helpful to understand the symptoms as the patient perceived them and to relate them to possible stresses in the past. Problem areas of therapy were the patient's concentration on physical symptoms, the horror stories, and taboo subjects difficult for the refugee to discuss. Case histories point out the conflict of values and cultural attitudes about mental illness among refugees due to their changed environment and life style. PMID- 7258424 TI - Psychotherapy with the disadvantaged. PMID- 7258423 TI - Patient as assistant therapist in paraverbal therapy with children. AB - The concept of using a patient as "assistant therapist" in the treatment of acting-out children was presented. A description of the pilot case with another type of unresponsive child showed how paraverbal techniques were used in the development of this alternative treatment approach. The adaptation of the concept of using a patient as "assistant therapist" was given in excerpts from sessions in cases of acting-out children. With the multifaceted, pleasurable, and flexible approach basic to paraverbal therapy, the sessions showed the techniques that led to a change in the childrens' acting-out behavior. Their experience as "assistant therapist" in using and sharing novel yet appropriate channels for communication led in each case to satisfactory communication, not only in paraverbal sessions but in the classroom, on the ward, and at home as well. PMID- 7258425 TI - The impact of the deflated self-image on the prolongation of treatment. AB - In many individuals a devalued archaic self-image originating in the pregenital period remains fixated in the ego either consciously, unconsciously or both. The splitting between the archaic self-image and the more current integrated ones tends to create a permanent intra-systemic conflict within the ego. One crucial factor culminating in a severe character resistance is the persistence of these primitive self-images. It is stressed further that in order to bring about a cure a long therapy and working through are essential to eradicate these primitive self-images and permit the ego to synthesize more stable, better integrated ones. Four cases are offered to substantiate the aforementioned concepts. PMID- 7258426 TI - Heart healthy eating and exercise: introducing and maintaining changes in health behaviors. AB - The Heart Program is a health education project developed for elementary school students. It was designed to 1) increase their consumption of complex carbohydrates, and decrease their consumption of saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, and sugar; 2) increase their level of habitual physical activity; and 3) generalize these changes to other family members. The overall program and 12 class lessons were designed using informative instruction, participatory classroom activities, personal goal setting, parent handouts, feedback, and reinforcement. The program was evaluated using a time-series experimental design with all students in three 4th grade classes at School 1 and three 5th grade classes at School 2. Evaluation was conducted using direct observations of eating and activity, as well as paper-and-pencil assessments of knowledge and attitude. Results indicated substantial changes in eating behavior at school, knowledge about heart health, food preferences, and family eating patterns are reported by parents. Observed changes in exercise were minimal during treatment, and were related to seasonal sports activities at follow-up. Eating which spanned summer vacation. These outcomes suggest that school programs developed using specific techniques can be effective in facilitating important behavior changes at school and at home. PMID- 7258427 TI - Community structural characteristics and the adoption of fluoridation. AB - A study of community structural characteristics associated with fluoridation outcomes was conducted in 47 communities. A three-part outcome distinction was utilized: communities never having publicly considered the fluoridation issue, those rejecting it, and those accepting it. The independent variables reflect the complexity of the community social and economic structure, social integration, and the centralization of authority. Results of mean comparisons show statistically significant differences between the three outcome types on the independent variables. A series of discriminant analyses provides furtheor evidence of how the independent variables are associated with each outcome type. Non-considering communities are shown to be low in complexity, and high in social integration and the centralization of governmental authority. Rejecters are shown to be high in complexity, but low in social integration and centralized authority. Adopters are relatively high on all three sets of variables. Theretical reasoning is provided to support the hypothesis and why these results are expected. The utility of these results and structural explanations in general are discussed, especially for public/environmental health planning and political activities. PMID- 7258428 TI - Food, sanitation, and the socioeconomic determinants of child growth in Colombia. AB - To describe the causes of growth failure in a developing country, we studied family food availability, anthropometric measurements of preschool children, and family and neighborhood socioeconomic conditions in a stratified random sample of Cali, Colombia families. The influences on preschool child growth of food availability, neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, and family socioeconomic conditions were separated statistically. Neither food availability nor other family factors were related directly to growth, but neighborhood factors did have a strong relationship to growth. Children decreased progressively from 97.5 percent of expected weight in the top one-sixth of neighborhoods we studied to 89 per cent in the botton one-sixth. Food availability, although not related to growth, was strongly related to family factors. The top one-sixth of families had 115 percent of FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization) protein allowances, while the bottom one-sixth had only 75 per cent. These finding are inconsistent with food availability or family factors being the prinicipal causes of growth retardation. They are consistent with neighborhood determined factors, possibly enteric infections, being the principal cause of growth retardation in preschool children in Cali. PMID- 7258429 TI - Analysis of interrupted time series mortality trends: an example to evaluate regionalized perinatal care. AB - Interrupted time series designs are frequently employed to evaluate program impact. Analysis strategies to determine if shifts have occurred are not well known. The case where statistical fluctuations (errors) may be assumed independent is considered, and a segmented regression methodology presented. The method discussed ia applied to the assessment of changes in local and state perinatal postneonatal mortality to identify historical trends and will be used to evaluate the impact of the North Carolina Regionalized Perinatal Care Program when seven years of post-program mortality data become available. The perinatal program region is contrasted with a control region to provide a basis for interpretation of differences noted. Relevant segmented regression models provided good fits to the data and highlighted mortality trends over the last 30 years. Considerable racial differences in these trends were identified, particularly for postneonatal mortality. Segmented regression is considered relevant for the analysis of interrupted time series designs in other applications when errors can be taken to be independent. Thus, the methodology may be regarded as a general statistical tool for evaluation purposes. PMID- 7258430 TI - Iodine-131 levels in sludge and treated municipal wastewaters near a large medical complex. AB - Iodine-131 was found to dominate the gamma spectra of dried sludge and concentration liquid effluent samples from a sewage treatment plant serving the area containing the Texas Medical Center in 1975. The concentration of Iodine-131 varied considerably on a time scale of weeks but was fairly stable in the course of a single day. The partition of Iodine-131 between the dried sludge and the liquid effluent was found to be reasonably constant during the sampling period. Knowledge of the concentration in these phases and the daily output of sludge and effluent let to be estimate of an annual discharge of over one Curie of Iodine 131. Circumstantial evidence linking this discharge to the practice of nuclear medicine in the area is considered strong, but an attempt to correlate variation in the effluent activity with actual nuclide use was inconclusive due, among other reasons, to an insufficient clinical data base. An analysis of possible exposure pathway indicated that negligible human exposure resulted from the Iodine-131 released primarily because the receiving body of water is a saline industrial waterway. A more extensive analysis would be in order for a similar plant discharging treated wastewaters into an inland water system. PMID- 7258431 TI - Making school health education effective. PMID- 7258432 TI - The ups and downs of prevention. PMID- 7258433 TI - Manning the battlements of research epidemiology. AB - International trends and recently proposed changes risk confining the duties of epidemiologists to support of health services delivery or to serving as functionaries within exclusively clinical departments pose a threat to the future role and training of epidemiologists. It is argued that these attempts would weaken the academic focus for epidemiologists and compromise the system of recognition and rewards available through the hierarchy of the discipline. (Am J Public Health 1981; 71:70-72.) PMID- 7258434 TI - Who is being screened for cervical cancer? AB - Data from the 1973 National Health Interview Survey, a probability sample of the United States population, are used to examine the relationship between Pap testing and four socioeconomic variables. It was found that women at highest risk of cervical cancer are least likely to have had Pap tests. The proportion of women who report never having had a Pap test is greater among Blacks, the poor, the elderly and nonmetropolitan residents. In particular, poor Black women in nonmetropolitan areas have extremely high proportions reporting no Pap test. However, high risk women are only slightly less likely to have visited a doctor in the two years preceding interview. These results suggest that improvement in Pap test coverage among high risk women could be attained by encouraging the use of the Pap test in regular ambulatory medical care. PMID- 7258435 TI - Effects of restricted public funding for legal abortions: a second look. AB - At hospitals in three cities where public funding for legal abortions had been restricted, we reviewed the records of women with complications of all types of abortions. We compared the number of complications in the year before funding restriction with the number in the following year, during restriction. For complications of illegal and spontaneous abortions, we found no significant change in either the number or proportion of publicly funded hospitalizations. For complications of legal abortions, we found a decrease in both the number and proportion of publicly funded hospitalizations. For poor women, it appears that restriction of public funding for legal abortions has not markedly increased the number of illegal abortions, but has reduced the number of legal abortions, especially those at later gestational ages, which would have cost more and been at greater risk of complications. PMID- 7258437 TI - Patterns of alcohol among veterans and nonveterans: a confirmation of previous findings. AB - Analysis of alcohol consumption among veterans (N = 684) included in a 1977 national household survey of 3,322 adults confirmed previous findings based on 1975 national survey data. As previously found, higher levels of alcohol consumption were significantly related to being a veteran of U.S. military service. However, when demographic differences were adjusted between veterans and nonveterans, this was no longer the case. It was suggested that this confirmation of earlier findings strengthens the validity of these findings. PMID- 7258436 TI - Alcoholic beverages and myocardial infarction in young women. AB - Moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with a reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in men. To evaluate this relation in young women, we studied 513 patients with first infarctions and 918 hospital controls, all of whom were less than 50 years of age. The estimated relative risk of MI for current drinkers, after allowance for potential confounding factors, was 0.7 (95 per cent confidence interval. 0.5 - 1.0), and the apparent reduction in risk was strongest for women drank wine. There was no evidence of an effect among ex drinkers. PMID- 7258438 TI - Two comments on smoking and the workplace. PMID- 7258439 TI - Widowhood: a situational life stress or a stressful life event? PMID- 7258440 TI - The biological advantages and social disadvantages of teenage pregnancy. PMID- 7258441 TI - Factors associated with mortality after widowhood. AB - A non-concurrent prospective study in Washington County, Maryland identified 4,032 (1,204 male, 2,828 female) White persons aged 18 and over who were enumerated in a 1963 non-official census and who became widowed between 1963 and 1974, and an equal number of married persons, each matched to a widowed as to race, sex, year of birth and geography of residence. All were followed to 1975, the date of a second census. Mortality rates based on person-years at risk were about the same for widowed as for married females, but significantly higher for male widowed than male married, even after adjustment for a number of demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables. Mortality rates among widowed males who remarried were very much lower than among those who did not remarry, but no significant difference was observable among widowed females who did nor did not remarry. Multiple regression analysis also showed that, for both sexes and independently of other factors, moving into a nursing home or other chronic care facility was associated with higher mortality than any other residential change or no change, and living alone was associated with higher mortality than living with someone else in the household. PMID- 7258442 TI - The relationship between age of mother and child health and development. AB - This study investigates the relationship between age of mother and children's health and development at birth and at approximately three years of age. The sample is composed of Black and Hispanic women and their firstborn children who were delivered on the wards of a large New York City hospital in 1975. There were no differences between children of teenage and older mothers in terms of prematurity or birthweight, but the children of younger mothers had higher Apgar scores than those of older mothers. Age of mother was not significantly related to hospitalizations, the need to see a physician regularly, or abnormal weight. Although the number of injurious conditions and the incidence of burns were higher among the children of adolescent mothers, the effect of age of mother was not independent of other factors. The children of teenage mothers scored better than those of older mothers on the total Denver Developmental Screening Test, as well as on the Fine Motor sector. These findings thus suggest that when relevant background characteristics are controlled, children of teenage mothers are as healthy and develop as well as children of older mothers. PMID- 7258443 TI - Automobile safety regulations and death reductions in the United States. AB - The effectiveness of federal automobile safety standards was examined using detailed data on 236,000 vehicles in fatal crashes in the United States during 1975-1978. Controlling statistically for type of regulation, types of vehicles, and ages of vehicles, the federal motor vehicle safety standards were associated with substantial reductions in car occupant death per 100 million vehicle miles travelled, and some reductions in fatal collisions of the federally regulated vehicles with pedestrians, motorcyclists, and bicyclists. Some 37,000 fewer deaths occurred in 1975-1978 than would have been expected without the federal standards. PMID- 7258445 TI - Potentials of local health surveys: a state-of-the-art summary. AB - This paper provides a state-of-the-art summary of the potentials and limitations of local surveys for assessing health problems in local areas. The information they provide may be helpful for a variety of purposes such as measuring the need for services, planning programs to address these needs, and evaluating their impact. Particular advantages of surveys are that they: provide information on the needs of people who have not sought care; permit special studies of particular target groups; provide data on variables which are only available from "asking" people; enable information to be collected on a range of correlates and indicators of health care behavior; provide an opportunity for examining relationships among variables; and permit well-timed community estimates of the impact of experimental programs. Limitations include the validity and reliability of survey data, and the costs and other problems of survey implementation. PMID- 7258444 TI - A multiple cause of death analysis of hypertension-related mortality in North Carolina, 1968-1977. AB - In this paper, records of all medical conditions on death certificates are used to evaluate hypertension-related mortality in North Carolina over the decade 1968 1977. Use of both an inclusive hypertension recode category and multiple cause data resulted in gains in information of over 750 per cent in all four race/sex groups compared to the commonly used underlying cause, hypertensive disease category. Race, sex and age specific 10-year trends in death rates for all mentions of hypertension are analyzed, with comparisons to underlying cause mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke. Age-adjusted declines of 19 to 24 per cent between 1968 and 1977 were observed for all race/sex groups, although non-White declines occurred mainly at younger ages while White declines (especially White males) occurred mainly at older ages. The non-White excess of hypertension mentions (compared to Whites) increased for males and decreased for females. The decline in hypertension mentions, in spite of the increased awareness of hypertension as a public health problem which would make it more likely to be mentioned on death certificates, suggests that there was a real reduction in the contribution of hypertension to total mortality over the period. PMID- 7258446 TI - A method for the geographical evaluation of emergency medical service performance. AB - Emergency Medical Service (EMS) evaluation is usually conducted on an aggregated, system-wide basis, despite the fact that there is substantial geographical variation in EMS performance. This paper suggests a method for the identification and analysis of geographically disaggregated EMS performance, using Seattle's Medic I program as an example. PMID- 7258447 TI - Description and evaluation of the smoking cessation component of a multiple risk factor intervention program. AB - The smoking cessation component of a residential program which attempts to concurrently intervene on several risk factors related to chronic disease is described. Seventy-two per cent of the 43 smokers in the first 13 cohorts were abstinent at discharge. Fifty-five per cent were abstinent at two months. Six month data for the first nine cohorts show 53 per cent abstinence. Possible advantages and disadvantages of a multiple behavior change program in a residential setting are discussed. PMID- 7258449 TI - Screening for cervical cancer, 1973-1976. AB - Using data from the National Survey of Family Growth, Cycle II, the per cent of women without a Pap test in 1973--76 is shown according to race, residence, and income, updating an earlier report based on 1973 data. Poor women and nonmetropolitan women continued to be significantly less likely than other women to have had a Pap test. PMID- 7258448 TI - Ethnic differences in hemoglobin distribution of Asian and European Jewish women in Israel, both pregnant and nonpregnant. AB - Hemoglobin levels of Asian Jewish women both while pregnant and nonpregnant were lower than in their European counterparts by about 0.23 g/100 ml to 0.3 g/100 ml. The groups had similar parity numbers but the Asian women's socioeconomic status was lower. In both the pregnant and nonpregnant, Israeli-born Asian women had higher mean hemoglobin levels than Asian immigrants but lower than Israeli-born Europeans. PMID- 7258451 TI - Height, weight, and triceps skinfold thickness of Michigan children, 1978. AB - Height, weight, and triceps skinfold measurements were made on 258 Michigan males and 225 females, age 2 to 18 years, comprising a representative sample of Michigan children in 1978. Boys of most age groups and younger girls were slightly taller, heavier, and fatter than their US counterparts, studied between 1963 and 1974. Older Michigan girls were slightly shorter but heavier and fatter than their earlier US counterparts. PMID- 7258450 TI - The quality of medical care delivered by lay practitioners in a feminist clinic. AB - The completion of essential components of patient encounters by lay paramedics in a feminist clinic was compared to that of nurse practitioners in a student health gynecology clinic using explicit criteria for the gynecological annual examination and the examination for vulvo-vaginitis. According to evidence charted in medical records, the lay paramedics conducted patient encounters as well as the nurse practitioners, with the exception that the lay paramedics consulted more frequently. PMID- 7258452 TI - Should we educate for motorcycle safety helmet use? PMID- 7258453 TI - Smokers eat more, weigh less than nonsmokers. PMID- 7258454 TI - Assessing the value of negative associations. PMID- 7258455 TI - Modifying snow shoveling behaviors in an urban area. PMID- 7258456 TI - The president's council on physical fitness and sports. PMID- 7258457 TI - Performance of an athlete with straight posterior knee instability. AB - Isolated posterior ligamentous insufficiency of the knee frequently terminates an athlete's career and may even adversely affect the performance of tasks of daily living. Return to competitive athletics following surgical reconstruction for posterior instability is unusual. The pathophysiology of the lesion and a biomechanical analysis are discussed. A case report of an athlete with a ruptured posterior cruciate ligament who is presently successfully competing in professional football is also presented. Rigorous quantitative techniques were employed to document the compensatory mechanisms involved. These consisted of extremely strong quadriceps muscles contracting much earlier than normal in the gait cycle. Earlier quadriceps contraction to increase dynamic stability in the knee is able to overcome the instability resulting from the incompetent posterior cruciate ligament. PMID- 7258458 TI - Bilateral fractures of the inferior poles of the patellae in a basketball player. PMID- 7258459 TI - Stress fracture of the tarsal navicular. More frequent than we realize? PMID- 7258460 TI - Intraarticular iliotibial band reconstruction for anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. AB - Intraarticular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by transferring the distal aspect and insertion of the iliotibial band has been clinically successful. Our surgical technique theoretically retains normal neurovascular supply, and thus, the potential for dynamic repair exists. Thirty-five patients, 28 men and 7 women, underwent this reconstruction. The average age was 24 years, with a range from 18 to 46. There were 27 chronic and 8 acute injuries. Pathological findings included an absent anterior cruciate (14 knees), severe stretching (13), failed reconstruction or repair (4), midportion tears (3), and avulsion (1). Postoperative patients were evaluated according to the Kennedy criteria. An anterior drawer of 2+ was not observed in any patient. There were no cases of 2+ rotary instability, and no pivot shifts. The possibility of a dynamic or proprioceptive repair was assessed by electromyography. While no evidence of electrical activity was recorded on the gluteus maximus on 60 normal knee examinations, all 10 tested postoperative iliotibial band patients had electrical activity. The failed results of the series showed no evidence of activity. PMID- 7258461 TI - Anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee. An analysis of the Ellison procedure. AB - In an attempt to correct anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee, 30 consecutive patients underwent a surgical procedure similar to that described by Ellison (Ellison AE: A modified procedure for the extra-articular replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament. American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine Symposium, New Orleans, LA, July 15, 1975), called the iliotibial band transfer. Fashioning the passageway for the transfer closer to the attachment of the fibular collateral ligament on the femur and meticulous fascial closure over the transplant were not found to be crucial to success. Twenty-nine of the 30 patients were injured during athletic activities, and the remaining patient was injured in a motorcycle accident. They often complained of an unstable knee with symptoms of pain and giving way. Twenty-eight patients with a minimum followup of nine months (the average followup was 25 months) were evaluated subjectively by an interview and by objective clinical examination. Subjective results (including asymptomatic return to their previous level of athletic activity) and clinical improvement of anterolateral rotatory instability (based on the flexion-extension valgus test or the Slocum anterolateral rotatory instability test) were encouraging. Areas of concern were that a small number of patients developed asymptomatic varus instability and a few had relative strength deficits which may or may not have long-term significance. PMID- 7258462 TI - Knee motion in a long leg cast. AB - Five principles to reestablish static ligamentous stability are introduced, including secure, temporary, tibiofemoral fixation to protect against early postoperative stretch or disruption. The necessity for emphasizing this point is demonstrated by a cadaver study. Knee motion in and out of long leg plaster casts was carefully studied in necropsy specimens. Casts applied over minimal or no padding allowed significant varus-valgus, anterior, posterior, and rotatory motion at the knee when manipulated manually. Medial opening to valgus stress ranged from 64 to 100% after casting as compared to the amount of instability present prior to casting. Legs with normally contoured thighs were not protected against anterior instability after casting, and an average of 48% of precasting rotational instability remained after casting. We believe that these results are relevant to much knee ligament surgery. Current means for solving the problems posed by cast immobilization alone, including case examples, are discussed. PMID- 7258463 TI - Use of the air-inflated jacket in football. AB - Injuries to the rib cage are common in football, but little has been done to protect this area. This paper discusses the effectiveness and usefulness of a protective jacket in football. The jacket is highly durable, constructed of urethane-coated nylon, and heat-sealed to take on the shape of several cylinders interconnected by fabric valves which constrict in response to a sudden blow. Its exterior is covered by a 1/8-inch thick Lexan (General Electric, Toledo, OH) shield. The jacket weighs 6.5 oz. It showed impressive results when tested. Testing was done by forcefully swinging a baseball bat against the rib cage protected by the jacket. By digitization of high speed movie filming at 500 frames/second, we were able to determine the speed, velocity, and area of contact. The amount of force deflection was calculated to be 587.6 psi. To inflict this force, a player would have to be traveling 60 miles/hour and strike his opponent with the heel. This lightweight, air-inflated, padded jacket has protected and prevented rib cage injuries in professional athletes. It is accepted well by players. This suggests that similar protective equipment for other areas would be useful and represents an advancement in preventing injury. PMID- 7258464 TI - Tardy ulnar neuritis in a little league baseball player. PMID- 7258465 TI - Functional versus organic knee pain in adolescents. A pilot study. AB - Psychologic factors, usually assessed with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, have been reported by various researchers as significant in certain groups of adult orthopaedic patients--most notably those with low back pain. Much less is known about children and adolescents or other orthopaedic complaints. We did a pilot study to determine how significant nonorganic factors are in adolescents presenting with knee pain and whether a brief screening protocol conducted in the waiting room can predict which adolescents do not have organic etiology for the knee pain. Twenty-eight consecutive adolescents were given the Junior-Senior High School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ), and information on other variables was obtained prior to their first orthopaedic visit. Followup after six to eight months revealed that over a third of the patients had significant or predominant psychologic factors associated with the knee pain. The HSPQ and other individual variables were found, overall, to be of little help in differentiating between the functional and organic groups. PMID- 7258466 TI - A surgical procedure for the Osgood-Schlatter lesion. PMID- 7258467 TI - Osteoid osteoma of the ankle in an athlete. PMID- 7258468 TI - Cryotherapy and nerve palsy. AB - Ice application is one of the most extensively used treatments for athletic injuries. Frostbite is a recognized danger. Five cases of nerve palsy resulting from ice application are reported here. These palsies were temporary. They usually resolve spontaneously without any significant sequelae. This complication can be avoided by not using ice for more than 30 minutes and by guarding superficial nerves in the area. PMID- 7258469 TI - The 100-mile run: preparation, performance, and recovery. A case report. AB - This study analyzed the training methods and racing techniques of 12 athletes who have completed 100-mile runs. It showed that use of aspirin during the race can be dangerous if the run takes place in hot weather. No other consistent correlation was evident, however, between the variables examined and the finishing times. The findings suggest that an average marathoner can finish the 100-mile run without modifying his training program. PMID- 7258471 TI - Juxtaarticular hemangioma of the knee associated with a medial synovial plica. A case report. PMID- 7258470 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis presenting as shoulder pain in an athlete. A case report. PMID- 7258472 TI - Stress fracture of the scaphoid waist. A case report. PMID- 7258473 TI - Clinical characteristics of patellar disorders in young athletes. AB - The clinical histories of 50 young athletes who complained of patellar instability or pain were analyzed, and their physical findings were compared to those of 50 controls. The patients were divided into three groups, based on their symptoms. Analysis of their physical findings confirmed the validity of these divisions. Those who complained of frank dislocation of the patella exhibited the most pronounced stigmata of quadriceps dysplasia, including vastus medialis deficiency and infrapatellar fat pad enlargement, and had increased general ligamentous laxity, increased mean patellar mobility, and out-facing patellae with concomitantly decreased Q angles in chronic, recurrent cases. Patients who complained of the classic patellar pain pattern, often called "chondromalacia patella," but who denied swelling were designated CMP. They had normal mean ligamentous laxity and mean patellar mobility, an increased incidence of in facing patellae with concomitantly increased mean Q angle, and frequently palpable lateral patellofemoral bands. Patients who complained of pain and swelling had physical findings intermediate to the other two groups, and generally correspond to what is usually termed subluxation of the patella. They exhibited normal general laxity but increased mean patellar mobility, normal mean Q angle but an increased incidence of patellar infacing, and fat pad enlargement. PMID- 7258474 TI - Isokinetic versus isotonic variable-resistance training. PMID- 7258476 TI - Opportunities and responsibilities of the reference center. PMID- 7258475 TI - Living alone, social integration, and mental health. PMID- 7258477 TI - Tick transmission of Babesia microti to rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - To determine whether Ixodes dammini is capable of transmitting Babesia microti to primates, infected nymphal ticks were allowed to feed on five Macaca mulatta. The monkeys were then followed for at least 60 days with daily thick blood smears for evidence of infection. Patent B. microti parasitemia developed in four of the five animals. Prepatent periods were 13, 18, 20, and 28 days. Maximum parasitemia ranged from 83 to 7,068 organisms/mm3 blood. Splenectomy 15-17 months after exposure to ticks results in recurrences of parasitemia in three of the four infected monkeys. PMID- 7258478 TI - Some phenomena associated with the development of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infections in the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans. AB - Immature salivary gland (SG) infections averaging 10(3) parasites per fly can apparently develop into mature gland infections averaging 10(5) parasites per fly in as little as 4 days. Frequently flies which extrude parasites in their saliva prove to have no parasites in the SG, but often show trypanosomes in the esophagus, cibarial pump, and proboscis. In some instances, SG infections have cleared, resulting in a loss of infectivity. Results of studying numbers of parasites regurgitated upon feeding or probing have shown that number to be highly variable and not necessarily related either to previous feeding status or the total number of parasites in the glands. Cloning of metacyclics in mice has been achieved, indicating that the minimum effective dose is one parasite. To date, no infections in mice have resulted from inoculation of extraglandular parasites. Histological and dissection studies support both the classical route and an alternate route of infection development in flies. No SG-infected flies have been found which did not also have proventricular and anterior and posterior midgut (AMG and PMG) infections. Although the AMG is where the heaviest MG infections occur, the PMG seems to support the last survivors in a moribund MG infection. No parasites have been found in the hindgut. PMID- 7258479 TI - Micronema in man: third fatal infection. AB - Micronema, normally free-living in soil and humus, rarely invades and reproduces in the central nervous system, kidneys, lungs, maxillae and nasal cavity of equines. Two Micronema infections causing fatal meningoencephalomyelitis in man have been reported from Canada and Texas. Here we report a third infection in a 54-year-old black man, resident of Washington, D.C., who probably acquired the infection from decubitus ulcers. The worms in this patient were in the liver, heart and brain. The Micronema species was not identified. PMID- 7258480 TI - The use of aceto-orcein-stained squash preparations for enumeration of nuclei in microfilariae of various filarial parasites. AB - The nuclear numbers of situated between the cephalic space and the nerve ring (CS NR) in the microfilariae of six filarial species were examined. For the counting of nuclei, aceto-orcein squashing preparations were used. This procedure revealed nuclei clearly visible under the phase-contrast microscope. The mean number of nuclei in the CS-NR region was very similar between Brugia pahangi and B. malayi, but was statistically different between Onchocerca volvulus and O. gutturosa. In the microfilariae of O. volvulus, two types of nuclei were clearly shown in this region. The procedure described is useful in the anatomical study of microfilariae. PMID- 7258481 TI - Bladder calcification and obstructive uropathy in a gibbon infected with Schistosoma haematobium. AB - A gibbon was repeatedly exposed to Schistosoma haematobium infection and was followed for 68 months after the first exposure. Severe obstructive uropathy and calcification of the bladder and ureters were found despite the fact that mean excretion of eggs in the urine averaged 167 eggs per day and never exceeded 400 eggs per day. PMID- 7258482 TI - Cysticercus of 60-milliliter volume in human brain. AB - A cerebral cyst 5 cm in diameter and 60 ml in volume was found to be as large as a racemose cysticercus. Because this cyst bore necrotic remnants of a scolex and its hooks, it was presumed to be a cysticercus of Taenia solium. This case demonstrates that in contrast with the unusual presentation of cerebral cysticercosis, cysts of the Taenia solium type can be very large, and when such cyst is encountered, a special search should be made for evidence of a scolex. PMID- 7258483 TI - Racemose cysticercus in human brain. A case report. AB - A case of invasion of the brain of a 48-year-old man, a native of Louisiana, by a larval tapeworm is described. Inasmuch as there were no scolices or rostellar hooks present the parasite was identified as a racemose cysticercus which could be either a sterile coenurus of Taenia multiceps (= Multiceps multiceps), Taenia serialis (= Multiceps serialis), or an aberrant cysticercus of Taenia solium or of a different species of Taenia. Most of the parasite was removed surgically with a preoperative diagnosis of brain tumor. After operation the patient improved, and 32 months after onset of his illness he was working and showed no evidence of a recurrence. PMID- 7258484 TI - Hydatid disease in Ethiopia: clinical survey with some immunodiagnostic test results. AB - After surveying various regions of Ethiopia using clinical examinations, filter paper indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test, and hydatid skin test, a hyperendemic focus of hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus) was found in southwestern Ethiopia. Two tribes, the Dassanetch and Nyangatom, in the lower Omo River Valley were found to have a particularly high prevalence of the disease. Of 1,342 individuals from these two tribes 4.8% had palpable abdominal cysts and 15% had hepatomegaly. This contrasts with 0.2% and 5.6%, respectively, for all other groups combined. Among the Dassanetch and Nyangatom, 6.4% had filter paper indirect hemagglutination titers 1:128 or greater versus only 0.3% for the combined results of other tested Ethiopian groups. Of 366 Dassanetch and Nyangatom, 31.7% were positive by the hydatid skin test versus 5.9% for all other southwestern Ethiopian tribes tested. Marked sex differences in hydatid skin test positivity, not reflected in the clinical findings or the IHA results, limit the use of this test for hydatid disease and suggest that possibility that men be exposed more frequently than women to other antigens cross-reacting with the hydatid skin test antigen. PMID- 7258485 TI - Pathogenesis of experimental histoplasmosis in the bat, Artibeus lituratus. AB - The pathogenesis of histoplasmosis was studied following intraperitoneal or intranasal infection of the neotropical bat, Artibeus lituratus. Groups of bats received either 10(4) or 10 viable mycelial fragments of Histoplasma capsulatum by intraperitoneal injection, or 10(6) or 10(4) viable mycelial particles by intranasal instillation. Intraperitoneal infection with the high dose resulted in rapid dissemination of the fungus to spleen, liver, lung and intestine, culminating in the death of some bats within 2-3 weeks. As few as 10 viable units of H. capsulatum produced systemic disease in about half of the bats, with the spleen and liver most frequently involved. In both groups the disease was characterized by gross pathologic abnormalities, numerous viable fungi in the tissue, and histologic lesions compatible with a chronic inflammatory process. Following intranasal exposure to 10(6) viable fungi, the primary pulmonary infection disseminated to the spleen, liver, and intestine within 2 weeks. Gross lesions were rarely observed in the viscera, and only one death resulted from the disease. The chronic disseminated nature of histoplasmosis in A. lituratus, especially following the more natural route of infection, suggests the means by which these bats could acquire and harbor H. capsulatum in nature. The frequent involvement of the gastrointestinal tract provides the mechanism by which these reservoirs might seed their environment with the fungus. The similarities between the pathogenesis of histoplasmosis in humans and bats provide a strong rationale for the use of this model in basic histoplasmosis research. PMID- 7258486 TI - Natural La Crosse virus infection in the red fox (Vulpes fulva), gray fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus), raccoon (Procyon lotor), and opossum (Didelphis virginiana). AB - Natural infection of sentinel red foxes (Vulpes fulva) and free-ranging red foxes, gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) with La Crosse (LAC) virus was demonstrated. One isolate of LAC virus was obtained from a sentinel red fox in an enzootic area. The viremia titer of the LAC virus-infected red fox was above the threshold of infection for Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes. Antibody responses were measured by the microneutralization test employing four California group viruses: LAC, snowshoe hare, trivittatus, and Jamestown Canyon. Four of six sentinel red foxes developed LAC virus neutralizing antibody. Antibody titers peaked between days 7 and 34 and were still detectable by dat 345 post-infection. Homologous LAC virus antibody titers were consistently 4-fold or greater than heterologous titers. Serological evidence for natural LAC virus infection was demonstrated in 33 of 57 (58%) free-ranging red foxes, 18 of 32 (57%) gray foxes, and 4 of 16 (25%) raccoons. Antibody titers were comparable in free-ranging foxes infected naturally and those infected experimentally by mosquito bite. The prevalence of infection was significantly different (P less than 0.001) for foxes trapped on three distinct areas within the enzootic region. Rates of infection in foxes by area coincided with LAC virus antibody prevalence observed in free-ranging chipmunks and with reported cases of human LAC encephalitis in Wisconsin. PMID- 7258487 TI - Epidemiology of Pediculus humanus capitis infestation in Malaysian school children. AB - A survey of 308,101 primary school children in Peninsular Malaysia conducted in 1979 by the School Health Services, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, revealed that 10.7% of children were infested with Pediculus humanus capitis. The prevalence rate was higher in the economically less advanced states of Terenganu (34%), Kelantan (23%), and Perlis (21%) than in the other states (4-13%). Of 14,233 school children examined in the State of Melaka, 26% of Indians, 18.7% of Malays, 6.1% of Europeans, and 0.7% of Chinese had pediculosis. The prevalence rate, which has remained unchanged over the past 5 years, does not appear to vary with age but is higher in children with long hair and those from the lower socioeconomic groups. Boys have a lower infestation rate than do girls. The higher incidence in Indians and Malays correlates well with their lower socioeconomic status in the community, and their cultural habit of maintaining longer hair than do the Chinese. The difference become less apparent in the higher socioeconomic groups. PMID- 7258489 TI - Immunization against Leishmania donovani: glucan as an adjuvant with killed promastigotes. AB - Mice were immunized by a series of intravenous injections of formalin-killed Leishmania donovani promastigotes alone and combined with glucan, a beta 1,3 polyglucose derivative of baker's yeast. In three separate experiments animals were challenged with viable parasites on day 21, 40 or 80 after immunization. Mice which received dead parasites and glucan exhibited resistance against challenge up to 80 days after immunization. Animals which had been injected with glucan alone exhibited a lesser degree of resistance but injections of killed promastigotes alone conferred no measurable resistance against infection. PMID- 7258488 TI - Actinomyces and an unidentified ameba associated with an intrauterine device. PMID- 7258491 TI - A longitudinal study of Schistosoma haematobium infection in Qena governorate, Upper Egypt. 1. Initial epidemiological findings. AB - An epidemiological study was conducted as an initial phase of a longitudinal study on the immunology of Schistosoma haematobium in Upper Egypt. The study area was confined to three villages in Qena governorate, a region endemic solely for S. haematobium. In a cross-sectional survey in two of these villages, the overall prevalence of infection was 28.7% (29.9% at Khozam and 26.9% at El Ayaisha) based on urine examination of the family members in every third household. S. haematobium infection was found in all age groups including infants below 1 year of age. The age distribution of those infected showed the classical rise in the percent infected, reaching a peak of 57-63% in the 11- to 15-year age group followed by a rapid decline and stable low prevalence below 28% in adult years. Males consistently had higher prevalence rates than females at all ages with the profiles of the age prevalence curves strikingly similar. In the two villages, significantly (P less than 0.05) higher infection rates were found in farmers compared to those in other occupations. The overall prevalence of infection in school children (5-16 years old) in the three villages was 61.1% based on the examination of one urine sample. Almost 10% greater prevalence was found when four consecutive daily urines were examined compared to one in the same study group sampled 1 month apart. There was a rapid increase in prevalence with age, reaching a maximum at age 10 with relatively little fluctuation to age 16 years. When comparing the age prevalence data with the intensity of infection expressed as either mean or median age excretion per milliliter urine, it was found that both were parallel and rose sharply from age 5-10 years, but the latter significantly declined several years prior to any perceptible diminution in prevalence. PMID- 7258490 TI - Renal disease in chronic experimental Trypanosoma gambiense infections. AB - Two recently isolated stocks of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense of human origin gave rise to a moderate to severe proliferative or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in 40 or 44 NMRI and C57BL/6J mice infected for 7-22 weeks. Extensive granular deposits of C3, IgG1 and IgG3 were found in the mesangium, together with smaller quantities of IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgM. No trypanosomal antigen could be detected in the deposits though specific anti-trypanosoma antibodies were found in kidney eluates. By electron microscopy, a conspicuous proliferation of mesangial and endothelial cells was observed and electron-dense deposits were seen in a mesangial and subepithelial localization. With one of these trypanosome stocks, four of seven Wistar rats infected for 9-15 weeks developed morphologically similar glomerular lesions. Four other trypanosome stocks did not evoke renal alterations in 17 other rats infected for 13-56 weeks. Experimental infection in mice or rats appears to be a suitable model for the study of renal disease in chronic African sleeping sickness. PMID- 7258492 TI - Relationship between acquired resistance, portal hypertension, and lung granulomas in ten strains of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Pronounced differences in resistance to reinfection and pathology were observed among various strains of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. When comparing strains, the level of resistance induced by a 12-week infection correlated closely with the degree of portal blood pressure elevation and number of lung egg granulomas, but did not correlate with other pathological parameters or with the number of worms or tissue eggs. Among individual mice of the same strain, however, resistance was proportional to the number of worms and tissue eggs. Nmri strain mice infected for more than a year remained highly resistant to reinfection and continued to shunt eggs into the lungs, but showed considerable resolution of portal hypertension, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. No association was observed among mouse strains between the mortality resulting from a primary infection and the severity of any of the pathological parameters which were measured. PMID- 7258493 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of the cellular response to Schistosoma mansoni. II. Inflammatory response in rodent skin. AB - A significant proportion of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula die soon after penetration of mammalian host skin. This study was conducted to further define the host cellular response which occurs in the skin and which may contribute to early schistosomulum death in the resistant CDF rat and the more susceptible BALB/c mouse. In primary abdominal skin exposures of both hosts the initial 6 hour response is marked edema and epidermal cell disruption in the schistosomulum penetration tracts accompanied by migration of neutrophils to surround the parasites and into damaged areas of the epidermis and dermis. Challenge exposures in previously infected hosts result in more intense exudative inflammation than is observed in initial exposures with the additional infiltration of eosinophils into the dermis and epidermis. Mast cells are numerous and are occasionally observed degranulating. By 24 hours following either initial or challenge exposures the infiltration of granulocytes is more intense. Focal areas of neutrophils, eosinophils, and necrotic cells are frequent in the epidermis. Postcapillary venules contain large numbers of granulocytes. The vascular endothelium is frequently vacuolated and occasionally exhibits focal degeneration. Rat hosts show responses which are qualitatively similar to those in mouse hosts but quantitatively more intense. Smaller numbers of eosinophils were observed in the immune mouse at 24 hours than have been reported in previous studies. This may be attributable to differences in strain, in the time course of response in abdominal as compared with ear skin, or in the levels of immunity in the animals used. PMID- 7258495 TI - Schistosomiasis mansoni in baboons. V. Antibodies and immediate hypersensitivity in multiply infected Papio cynocephalus. PMID- 7258494 TI - Schistosomiasis mansoni in baboons. IV. The development of antibodies to Schistosoma mansoni adult worm, egg, and cercarial antigens during acute and chronic infections. PMID- 7258496 TI - Wound infection and septic shock due to Vibrio vulnificus. AB - Vibrio vulnificus is an organism commonly found in the marine environment whose pathogenic potential for humans has been recently recognized. Two patients are described who developed rapidly progressing wound infections and bacteremia due to this halophilic, lactose-positive vibrio. The clinical manifestations of the resulting infection differed from patterns reported by other authors. PMID- 7258497 TI - Intestinal threshold of an enzootic strain of Venezuelan encephalitis virus in Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus mosquitoes and its implications to vector competency and vertebrate amplifying hosts. AB - The minimal intestinal dose of an enzootic strain of Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) virus for Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus mosquitoes caught at a marsh habitat of VE virus in Guatemala was less than five plaque forming units (pfu) of virus. Ingestion of this dose of virus in blood of viremic hamsters resulted in transmission of virus to other hamsters. This low intestinal threshold of an enzootic strain of VE virus indicates that the natural Guatemalan population of Cu. (Mel.) taeniopus can acquire VE virus from vertebrates that have viremia levels as low as 1,000-5,000 pfu/ml of blood, provided other factors do not limit virus interchange between mosquitoes and vertebrates. PMID- 7258498 TI - Factors affecting syncytial development in Aedes pseudoscutellaris cells by dengue viruses. AB - Several factors that were suspected of affecting the development of syncytia in cultured Aedes pseudoscutellaris cells inoculated with dengue viruses were studied. The results indicated that fresh media (less than 1 week old), low cell density at inoculation (2.8 x 10(5) cells/cm2), and low cell passage level (less than 52 passages) favored the development of syncytia. All three types (1, 2, and 3) of dengue viruses tested could be isolated from human sera by Aedes pseudoscutellaris cell culture by using syncytial development as an indicator, but the isolation rate was lower than that obtained by using intrathoracically inoculated Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. PMID- 7258500 TI - Anthropometric nutrition status and diarrhea prevalence in children in El Salvador. AB - Data are presented to quantify the relationship between nutritional status and diarrheal disease reported in a 1-week period in children in El Salvador. A strong association was observed between reported diarrhea and combined wasting (defined by low weight-for-height) and stunting (defined by low height-for-age). This association held for all age groups studied and was consistently observed in the seasons of low and high prevalence of malnutrition. There were also significant associations between reported diarrhea and wasting alone, low weight for-age, and low arm circumference. No consistent association was observed between reported diarrhea and stunting or chronic undernutrition as defined by low height-for-age, suggesting that short stature is not, by itself, a risk factor for diarrhea. Previously defined seasonal patterns of malnutrition for El Salvador as a whole were confirmed and appear to affect some geographic subregions more severely than others. Definition of these regional and seasonal patterns of malnutrition and their association with diarrhea has implications for the targeting and timing of nutrition interventions. PMID- 7258499 TI - Radioimmune assays and molecular studies that place Anopheles B and Turlock serogroup viruses in the Bunyavirus genus (Bunyaviridae). AB - Molecular analyses indicate that Turlock virus (TUR, Turlock serogroup) and Boraceia virus (BOR, Anopheles B serogroup) have virion RNA species and polypeptides comparable in size to those of members of the Bunyavirus genus and unlike those of members of the newly defined Phlebovirus, Nairovirus, or Uukuvirus genera (Bunyaviridae). The 11 terminal 3' end nucleotides of the three virion RNA species of both BOR and TUR viruses (HOUCAUCACAUG...) are identical in sequence to the 3' end sequences of the viral RNA species of snowshoe hare (SSH) and La Crosse bunyaviruses (LAC, California serogroup, Bunyavirus genus). Competition radioimmune assays (RIA), using iodinated LAC nucleocapsid polypeptide (N), or LAC glycoproteins (G1, G2), and LAC rabbit hyperimmune antisera, or iodinated Oriboca (ORI, Group C, Bunyavirus genus) N, or G1 and G2 polypeptides and LAC antisera, or iodinated Bunyamwera (BUN, Bunyamwera serogroup, Bunyavirus genus) N, or G1 and G2 polypeptides and BUN or LAC antisera, have indicated that the virion polypeptides of BOR virus share antigenic determinants with these other bunyaviruses. Competition RIA analyses also have shown that TUR virus shares antigenic determinants with LAC virus. The competition RIA analyses have confirmed the antigenic relationships of LAC, SSH, trivittatus, Bwamba, Aino, Simbu, Mermet, Guaroa, Lumbo, Tahyna, ORI, Anopheles A, BUN, Capim, Guama and Shark river viruses (Bunyavirus genus members), and lack of antigenic relationships between Karimabad, or Chagres, or sandfly fever, Sicilian, Viruses (Phlebovirus genus members), and the bunyaviruses, LAC, ORI, or BUN. PMID- 7258501 TI - Human cases of furuncular, traumatic, and nasal myiasis in Connecticut. AB - Case histories are reported for four persons who had furuncular, traumatic, and nasal myiasis in Connecticut during 1980. Third-stage Sarcophaga sp. and Musca domestica larvae were removed from sores or wounds, a 2nd-stage Cuterebra sp. larva was dislodged from cutaneous tissue, and 3rd-stage larvae of Phaenicia sericata were extracted from nasal membranes. Human exposure to these facultative or obligate dipteran parasites occurred at residences in urban and suburban settings, including a convalescent home and a hospital. Infestations were asymptomatic in three cases, and following removal of larvae, each person recovered without further complications. PMID- 7258502 TI - Importation into the United States from Africa of Rhipicephalus simus on a boutonneuse fever patient. AB - Rhipicephalus simus Koch was removed from a human upon his return to Connecticut, U.S.A. from Kenya, Africa. This person became ill in Africa, exhibited clinical manifestations of boutonneuse fever and had a significant rise (greater than or equal to 8-fold) in IgM titer against spotted fever-group rickettsiae. Rickettsia conorii was probably the infectious agent. PMID- 7258503 TI - Lobomycosis (Lobo's disease): report of a case from Guyana. PMID- 7258504 TI - Management of hyperparathyroidism in patients with renal failure. AB - Patients with hyperparathyroidism of renal failure fall into two categories: those with hypocalcemia and those with hypercalcemia. If medical management fails and operative indications are present--bone pain or fracture, metastatic calcification, progressive hypercalcemia or uncontrolled pruritus--parathyroid exploration should be done. Total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation is the procedure of choice when hypocalcemia is present and more than one gland (usually all) is enlarged (which is the case in most patients). Parathyroid adenomectomy is the procedure of choice where autonomy of parathyroid function is established or a single gland is enlarged and all others are small; hypercalcemia is present in these patients. In other instances of hypercalcemia associated with advanced renal disease, total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation should be performed; that is, in patients in whom more than one gland is enlarged or irregular or in whom all glands are not identified. Continued follow-up is necessary to confirm this rationale of therapy. PMID- 7258505 TI - Acute surgical illness in patients with sickle cell anemia. AB - Acute abdominal pain frequently accompanies sickle cell crisis. The character of this pain may be difficult to discriminate from acute surgical processes such as acute cholecystitis or appendicitis. Seven patients with sickle cell disease presenting with abdominal pain underwent surgery. Review of the medical records demonstrated a characteristic pattern of presentation consistent from crisis to crisis. When patients with known sickle cell disease present with symptoms of abdominal pain, (1) the character of the symptoms, (2) precipitating events, (3) white blood cell count, (4) bilirubin, and (5) fever should be compared with those characteristics in previous crises. Deviation from previous patterns suggests an illness caused by problems other than sickel cell crisis. PMID- 7258506 TI - Planned approach to the management of malignant invasion of the carotid artery. AB - A planned approach to the evaluation and management of patients with tumor involvement of the cervical carotid artery is presented. Preoperative arteriography and determination of carotid back-pressure permitted a rational approach in these high risk patients. One patient found to have an extremely low carotid back-pressure was advised not to undergo carotid resection. Six patients with satisfactory carotid back-pressure tolerated carotid resection and reconstruction. PMID- 7258507 TI - Testing and treatment of arterial graft thrombosis. AB - The in vivo technique of Sauvage et al for determining prosthetic arterial graft thrombogenicity was employed in the sheep carotid model using 4 mm commercial expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) grafts. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene was found to be thrombogenic at 4 hours of low flow in this model. At 24 hours all of these grafts were totally occluded at low flow rates. Intravenous use of ibuprofen (Motrin), a thromboxane inhibitor, in this model markedly reduced occlusion and thrombogenicity at 4 and 24 hours. All grafts were patent at 24 hours when ibuprofen was used. PMID- 7258508 TI - Comparison of reactive hyperemia and treadmill tests in the evaluation of peripheral vascular disease. AB - The systolic ankle pressure response to thigh cuff occlusion (reactive hyperemia test) was compared with a similar measurement after treadmill exercise in 48 limbs of 24 normal volunteers. The reactive hyperemia test was then performed on 26 legs in 16 patients with clinical evidence of arterial disease of the leg and abnormal treadmill tests (mean decrease 39 +/- 24 percent). No decrease in pressure occurred in normal subjects after exercise. All control subjects demonstrated a decrease in pressure after thigh cuff occlusion (34 +/- 7.9 percent). The percent pressure decrease during reactive hyperemia in the abnormal group was significantly lower (49.7 +/- 19 percent; p less than 0.001). There was a high correlation between the percent decrease in pressure during reactive hyperemia and the decrease after exercise in the claudicants (r = 0.69; p less than 0.001). However, the percent pressure decrease in 13 of the 26 abnormal patients fell within 2 standard deviations of the reactive hyperemia control group mean. The range of the pressure decreases in these 13 patients, 16 to 48 percent, was shared by 47 of the 48 normal subjects. The findings in this study are inconsistent with those in previously published reports and suggest that reactive hyperemia testing cannot be used interchangeably with the treadmill exercise test. PMID- 7258509 TI - Persistent and recurrent hyperparathyroidism. AB - Twenty-six patients with persistent or recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism after an initial cervical exploration are presented. Failure of the first operation was related in part to an ectopic location of the abnormal parathyroid tissue (in 58 percent), and to a discrepancy in the histologic diagnosis between the frozen-section analysis at the time of operation and the final pathologic interpretation (in 55 percent). Before secondary operation, selective venous sampling for parathormone levels and arteriography were accurate in localizing the lesion in 88 and 71 percent of cases, respectively. A plan for intraoperative management of these difficult problems is suggested. PMID- 7258510 TI - Pneumothorax: a therapeutic update. AB - The traditional treatment of pneumothorax has been with a chest tube and hospitalization. A series of 35 patients with 41 pneumothoraces treated on an outpatient basis is presented here. A no. 12 chest tube connected to a Heimlich valve led to successful treatment in 88 percent of the cases. Failure of treatment requiring hospitalization occurred in 12 percent of cases and was due only to persistent air leaks. No complications occurred. PMID- 7258511 TI - Sanguineous semantics. PMID- 7258512 TI - Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. AB - Ten cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas are presented. We believe that the strong recommendations of the pathologists who feel that all cystic neoplasms of this type have malignant potential or contain malignant elements emphasizes the need for total excision if at all possible in these patients. It is conceivable that the reason for the high incidence of cystadenocarcinomas in our small series may be the meticulous searching of the cellular elements for evidence of malignancy. It strongly militates against anything less than total excision as treatment for these curable lesions. The correct preoperative diagnosis is mandatory for a logical plan for surgical intervention. All cysts, whether deemed benign or malignant, should be aggressively attacked surgically unless there is distant metastasis. The very high rate of malignant potential of benign cystadenomas coupled with the relatively indolent growth pattern of malignant cystadenocarcinomas combine to give a high rate of surgical cure. PMID- 7258513 TI - Management of recurrent and residual common duct stones. AB - When operating on patients with postcholecystectomy choledocholithiasis, a drainage procedure should be performed for the following indications: (1) multiple stones in the duct, (2) history of choledocholithotomy, (3) marked dilatation of the duct, (4) inability to remove all stones, and (5) presence of a ductal stricture. Patients with none of these are adequately treated by choledocholithotomy alone. Because endoscopic sphincterotomy has been shown to be safe and effective, however, it is currently our preferred method of treatment for the average patient with this condition. PMID- 7258514 TI - Microsurgical reversal of vasectomy. PMID- 7258515 TI - Coagulopathy associated with peritoneovenous shunting. AB - Le Veen shunts successfully alleviated ascites in 19 of 24 patients (79 percent). Clinical clotting typical of disseminated intravenous coagulation occurred in nine of these patients (37 percent) and was fatal in seven (78 percent). Laboratory findings suggesting disseminated intravenous clotting were present in five other patients (21 percent) but were not associated with troublesome bleeding. Coagulopathy was reversed in 7 of 14 patients (50 percent), if the shunt was ligated and supportive measures were taken early in the postoperative course. Failure to recognize or take immediate action resulted in progressive disseminated intravenous clotting associated with a mortality of 50 percent (7 of 14 patients). PMID- 7258516 TI - Cecal diverticulitis. PMID- 7258517 TI - Complications after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is being widely advocated as an alternative to direct arterial reconstructive surgery. Distressing complications of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty have been noted, including anterograde dissection of the femoral and iliac arteries with acute thrombosis and widespread embolization of the mesenteric and peripheral circulation leading to death, thrombosis and embolization of the renal arteries with infarction of the kidney and thrombosis of the popliteal trifurcation. While percutaneous transluminal angioplasty promises to be a useful adjunct to our vascular armamentarium in properly selected poor risk patients, we do not believe that it is safer than reconstructive surgery. The most suitable lesions for dilatation appear to be flat, solitary atheromas and segmental scars, which comprise only a small percentage of the total spectrum of the atherosclerosis. An alternative approach to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty entails the combined efforts of the angiographer and surgeon utilizing fluoroscopic guidance and surgical exposure of the affected vessel in the operating room. We hope that employment of the latter technique will result in more selective application of transluminal angioplasty with fewer complications and better long-term results. PMID- 7258518 TI - Comparison of the relative effectiveness of colloids and crystalloids in emergency resuscitation. AB - Over a 2.5 year period, the fluid management of 600 hypotensive patients entering our surgical emergency department was evaluated during a prospective clinical trial of a resuscitation algorithm. The major clinical determinants (low mean arterial pressure, age, severity of illness, primary illness or injury, amount of blood loss, volume of fluids given, use of a protocol or clinical algorithm and satisfactory compliance with the algorithm) were controlled by grouping the patients into specific strata; the resuscitation times were almost always shorter with a regimen of about one-fourth colloids than with crystalloids only. This is consistent with the observations of greater increases in hemodynamic and oxygen transport variables after albumin than after lactated Ringer's solution when the latter was given in either 2 or 4 times the volume. PMID- 7258519 TI - Colorectal foreign bodies and perforation. AB - Although most rectal foreign bodies can be removed safely in the emergency room, some require removal in the operating room. Good results can be achieved if basic principles in the management of colorectal injuries in general are applied to colorectal perforations by foreign bodies. Although rectal foreign bodies and colorectal perforations from non-medical rectal instrumentation have been a medical curiosity for many years, especially in metropolitan general hospitals, there can be little doubt that the frequency of such problems is increasing. We expect that community hospitals, will see more of these problems in years to come, if they are not already. PMID- 7258520 TI - Role of emergency thoracotomy in the resuscitation of moribund trauma victims: 100 consecutive cases. AB - (1) Emergency thoracotomy can be a lifesaving procedure in critically injured patients who present with no detectable pulse or blood pressure. (2) Emergency thoracotomy is nonproductive if cardiac electrical activity is absent. (3) Best results are achieved in patients with chest injuries and the worst results in those with isolated blunt abdominal injury. (4) Survival was better if patient was taken directly to the operating room with ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. (5) Prehospital airway control, volume resuscitation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation play a significant role in improving the outcome in traumatized patients who undergo emergency thoracotomy. PMID- 7258521 TI - David M. Hume Memorial Lecture. The surgeon and the pilot. PMID- 7258522 TI - Cigarette smoking: acute main and small vessel hemodynamic responses in patients with arterial disease. AB - While cigarette smoking is a major risk factor in lower limb ischemia, not all smokers develop symptomatic lesions, which suggests an individual susceptibility. Using Doppler probes the acute main vessel response to smoking was quantified in terms of the pulse transit time delay. Patients with occlusive arterial disease had a significant shortening in the transit time delay, suggesting a stiffening in the main vessels in response to smoking not seen in control subjects without disease. In patients with occlusive disease the digital pulse volume recorder amplitude decreased significantly in response to both low and high nicotine cigarettes, and these patients tended to self-titrate their nicotine intake, suggesting that little is to be gained by switching from high to low nicotine cigarettes: rather, cessation of smoking should be considered. These preliminary results suggest that patients with atherosclerotic occlusive disease are more susceptible to cigarette smoking and that Doppler or pulse volume recorder testing may help identify those habitual smokers who are at risk. PMID- 7258523 TI - Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of abdominal aortic crossclamping. AB - The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of aortic crossclamping and declamping were studied in 10 patients undergoing abdominal aortic reconstructive surgery. After placement of pulmonary and radial arterial catheters, measurements were obtained preoperatively, during the procedure according to protocol, and postoperatively. Pulmonary arterial wedge pressure was maintained at 10 to 15 mm Hg throughout the operation. Aortic cross clamping produced a significant increase in systemic arteriolar resistance and systolic blood pressure, with no change noted in the left ventricular stroke work index. Declamping decreased systemic resistance and produced no change in the left ventricular stroke work index. Clamping and declamping resulted in elevations of serum lactate. Central venous pressure correlated with pulmonary arterial wedge pressure in each patient and in the entire group. Cardiac function is not decreased by aortic crossclamping, and central venous pressure can usually be used for hemodynamic monitoring in these patients. PMID- 7258524 TI - Changes in venous endothelial fibrinolytic activity and histology with in vitro venous distention and arterial implantation. AB - We performed intraoperative pressure monitoring in a clinical setting and demonstrated that the average venous distention pressure observed during preparation of autogenous vein grafts for arterial implantation was 300 to 500 mm Hg and often exceeded 500 mm Hg. Similar data on venous distention pressures were obtained by Ramos et al [4] and by Abbott et al [1]. Although the exact relation between venous distention pressure, venous endothelial fibrinolytic activity and long-term autogenous vein graft patency is unknown, our data suggest that autogenous vein graft distention pressure should be kept under 500 mm Hg during graft procurement and static pressure testing before venous autograft implantation. Ideally, either venous distention pressure should be monitored during vein graft harvesting and preparation, and kept as low as possible, or procured autogenous vein grafts should not be statically distended but rather allowed to gradually enlarge due to pulsatile arterial flow after implantation. PMID- 7258525 TI - Evaluation and management of patients with Raynaud's syndrome. AB - The wide spectrum of associated disorders, the previous lack of understanding of pathogenesis, and the older, arbitrary terminology in relation to ultimate prognosis have led to confusion in the evaluation and management of Raynaud's syndrome. A unified concept of pathogenesis, in which vasospasm and arterial occlusive disease are the fundamental lesions, is presented herein. The associated disorders found in our 219 patients with continuous follow-up are listed and related to the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. Our approach to diagnosis led to the discovery of an associated condition in 71 percent of our patients. The evaluation can be done in a cost-effective manner. The emphasis of treatment should be on conservative medical management, with avoidance of cold and tobacco and judicious use of pharmacologic agents remaining the cornerstones of therapy. Cervicothoracic sympathectomy has no role in the treatment of Raynaud's syndrome. PMID- 7258527 TI - Carotodynia associated with carotid arterial disease and stroke. PMID- 7258526 TI - Developmental occlusive disease of the abdominal aorta and the splanchnic and renal arteries. AB - Developmental occlusive disease of the abdominal aorta and the renal and splanchnic arteries represent an unusual vascular condition. When unrecognized or untreated this disease is associated with premature death, usually from severe secondary hypertension as a consequence of renovascular stenotic lesions. Strong circumstantial evidence indicates that developmental abnormalities occurring during the fetal union of the two dorsal aortae account for most of the occlusive lesions affecting the abdominal aorta and its visceral branches in these patients. Complete arteriographic studies are necessary to confirm and accurately delineate the disease process. Surgical treatment, which often encompasses complex vascular reconstructive efforts, affords excellent results when carefully planned and executed. PMID- 7258528 TI - Evaluation of internal carotid stenosis with the Chronopulse, an automated ocular pulse arrival time recorder. AB - The diagnostic value of ocular pulse time measurement with the Chronopulse was evaluated in 67 patients who had carotid arteriography. The diagnostic accuracy of 85.5 percent was comparable to that obtained by two other groups using a different timing device. Identification of bilateral stenosis was the major problem encountered and resulted from measuring the external carotid circulation at the ear. Ocular pneumoplethysmography performed in the same patients yielded a higher diagnostic accuracy than the pulse timing, and combining the two did not enhance the results. Therefore, we recommend that the Chronopulse not be used as part of the routine ocular pneumoplethysmographic examination but that it be reserved for selective application. PMID- 7258529 TI - Technical modifications in the placement of inferior vena caval filter devices. AB - Placement of 151 Mobin-Uddin vena caval umbrella filters and 17 Kimray-Greenfield vena caval filters since 1972 led us to make a number of technical modifications. The operative procedure is performed with local anesthesia in the vascular radiology suite. If the right internal jugular vein is narrowed and cannot be dilated, an approach through the left internal jugular vein is possible. The filters are advanced under fluoroscopic control after direct visualization of both renal veins. Since the patient is awake, he can be asked to roll on the left side if there is a tendency for the filter to advance into the hepatic veins or the right renal vein. Release of the filter is most accurately accomplished by withdrawing the carrier rather than advancing the filter. The carrier is then removed under fluoroscopic control and the internal jugular vein ligated. These modifications have resulted in a success rate of nearly 100 percent in recent filter placements, an operative morbidity of 8.3 percent and a 30 day hospital mortality of 8.9 percent. PMID- 7258530 TI - Palmar arch arterial reconstruction for the salvage of ischemic fingers. PMID- 7258531 TI - Alternatives in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - Most patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm can safely undergo aneurysmectomy. In poor-risk patients the mortality rate is greatly increased. A procedure which is a safe alternative for patients who might otherwise be denied an elective procedure is described. However, this technique for the management of abdominal aortic aneurysm is not a substitute for the classic surgical treatment. PMID- 7258532 TI - Guidelines for performance of transluminal angioplasty in the hospital. AB - The expanding use of balloon catheter dilatation of arterial lesions has demonstrated its effectiveness as a relatively simple therapeutic method to improve the initial patency of focal, proximally located atherosclerotic stenoses. It is recommended that the vascular surgeon assume a leadership role in establishing guidelines within each institution for the assessment and conduct of transluminal angioplasty. The careful selection of patients with an appropriate indication for the procedure is a preferred alternative to its improper and indiscriminate use. PMID- 7258533 TI - Use of isovolemic hemodilution in the management of arterial ischemia in patients with polycythemia. AB - The management of patients with both polycythemia and limb-threatening ischemia presents many difficulties because in this population, vascular surgical procedures carry a particularly high incidence of hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications. We evaluated the use of acute isovolemic hemodilution in 12 polycythemic patients who required urgent surgery due to severe ischemia and threatened limb loss. Within 48 hours, blood was withdrawn in units of 500 ml and simultaneously replaced with 1,500 ml of lactated Ringer's solution until a hematocrit of 35 to 40 percent was achieved. After hemodilution, two patients had such a marked improvement that no further therapeutic measures were required immediately. Four patients showed definite improvement in pulmonary vascular resistance tracings and segmental Doppler pressures, but ischemia was not fully ameliorated. These patients together with the remaining six patients underwent vascular surgery within 1 to 14 days after hemodilution. A hematocrit of 32 to 40 percent was maintained during the perioperative period. All arterial reconstructions were successfully completed and there were no perioperative failures. No pulmonary emboli, myocardial infarctions, or deaths occurred in this period. These results indicate that in polycythemic patients, urgent vascular surgery can be performed more safely with the concomitant use of acute isovolemic hemodilution. PMID- 7258534 TI - Management of postoperative stroke after carotid endarterectomy. AB - Major postoperative stroke after carotid endarterectomy is often due to carotid thrombosis, and prompt thrombectomy can reverse the neurologic deficit. We advise reoperation providing the stroke occurs within several hours of carotid endarterectomy, preferably when the patient is in the recovery room, and reoperation can be done immediately. We do not delay reoperation for angiography. Reoperation has not been beneficial for strokes that occur later in the patient's course or when there has been a severe preoperative neurologic deficit. Patients with a mild postoperative stroke, especially if the stroke represents worsening of a preoperative deficit, will often improve without intervention. PMID- 7258535 TI - Technique of varicose vein surgery. AB - A technique for varicose vein surgery is described which allows maximum removal of varicose veins and the trunks draining into them. Hemostasis by means of tantalum clips allows for distal ligation of branches beyond their bifurcations in sites of difficult access. This results in minimal blood loss and enables subdivision of collateral veins to prevent recurrence of varicosities. PMID- 7258537 TI - Estrogen receptor protein in visceral metastases from breast carcinoma. AB - Estrogen receptor protein assays were done on 1,243 tissue specimens, 34 of which represented metastases from primary breast carcinoma to parenchyma of liver, lung or brain. Eight of these specimens contained significant amounts of estrogen receptor protein. Most (4 of 5 evaluable cases) of the ERP-positive patients responded to endocrine ablation, as compared with 13 percent (2 of 16 evaluable cases) of the ERP-negative patients. We conclude that biopsy of liver and lung metastases may be useful in some circumstances and that endocrine manipulation frequently provides palliation when these metastases are ERP-positive. PMID- 7258536 TI - A prognostic model for clinical stage I melanoma of the trunk. Location near the midline is not an independent risk factor for recurrent disease. AB - Fifteen variables were studied for their usefulness in predicting recurrent disease in 254 patients with clinical stage I melanoma of the trunk. Thickness of the primary tumor correctly predicted outcome with an accuracy of 90 percent or greater in 176 patients with melanoma primaries with a thickness of less than 1.70 mm or 5.5 mm or greater. No other variables significantly increased predictive accuracy over these ranges of thickness. A Cox proportional hazards analysis of the remaining 78 patients with primary tumors 1.70 to 5.49 mm thick demonstrated that the following four variables functioned as independent risk factors for recurrent disease: (1) thickness of the primary tumor (p = 0.0005), (2) mitoses/mm2 greater than 6 (p = 0.006), (3) a nearly absent or minimal lymphocyte response at the base of the tumor (p = 0.009), and (4) location on the upper trunk (p = 0.03). Trunk lesions located near the midline did not have a worse prognosis than more lateral melanomas of similar thickness. PMID- 7258538 TI - Multifocal breast carcinoma. AB - The present study comprises 173 breast cancers in women living in Sweden. Mastectomy was performed and the surgical specimens were thoroughly scrutinized histopathologically with special attention given to the mammary tissue outside the dominant mass. Fifty-two patients (30 percent) had multifocal growth in the same breast as the dominant breast cancer. The patients have been followed up for 3 years after operation and compared with age-matched controls. The multifocal growth was not correlated with age, size of the tumor or death of the patient within 3 years. A previous diagnosis of benign breast disease was significantly more common among the cancer patients than among the controls, although it was unrelated to multifocal growth. This study stresses the importance of considering the high incidence of multifocal growth of breast cancer when discussing treatment by operation less radical than mastectomy. PMID- 7258539 TI - Expansion of the intravascular space in severe shock. AB - Hypovolemic shock, if untreated for a while or if severe, results in an increase in intravascular capacity due to the opening of all capillaries at once. This expansion of the vascular capacity in patients with severe or untreated shock requires much more intravenous fluids for adequate treatment than the volume of blood lost. Fluid volume requirements should be determined by results (normal blood pressure and urinary output) and by central venous pressure or pulmonary arterial pressure for maximum tolerable administration. Blood volume measurements are useless. The vascular space shrinks to normal after adequate resuscitation, creating relative hypervolemia. PMID- 7258541 TI - Multiple colorectal tumors. An appraisal of natural history and therapeutic options. AB - The clinical course of 101 patients with multiple colorectal carcinomas treated during a 15 year period is documented; 2.8 percent of all patients with colorectal cancer had metachronous tumors and 1.7 percent had synchronous lesions. The median interval between metachronous tumors was 9 years. The symptom duration was shorter before discovery of the second metachronous tumors, yet the second tumors were more malignant than the primary ones. Patients with synchronous tumors were older than those with single colon cancers or initial metachronous lesions. Synchronous tumors were more apt to occur on the right side of the colon than single tumors. Adenomatous polyps were present in the resected specimens 37 to 63 percent of the time. The overall uncorrected 5 year survival rate was only 21 percent. Among 20 patients having subtotal colectomy, the operative mortality was 10 percent. Eleven of 18 survivors of subtotal colectomy were free of disease 2 to 13 years later (average 5.5). PMID- 7258540 TI - Circulatory shock associated with purulent peritonitis. AB - The relative roles of bacterial infection, fluid loss and myocardial failure were investigated in 24 patients in whom circulatory shock appeared as a complication of purulent peritonitis. The 13 acute survivors, including 6 hospital survivors, had strikingly lower initial plasma volumes and total blood volumes than the 11 patients who died. Differences in blood volume were not explained by differences in previous treatment or in duration of peritonitis. Acute survivors promptly improved after fluid repletion, whereas the patients who died failed to respond to the infusion of equivalent volumes of fluid. In contrast to acute survivors, the fatal cases demonstrated disproportionate increases in both right- and left sided filling pressure, increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and decreased right and left ventricular work capability. These observations in patients complement experimental studies in which biventricular cardiac failure was implicated in the fatal progression of septic shock. PMID- 7258542 TI - Reversal of hepatic encephalopathy after occlusion of total portasystemic shunts. PMID- 7258543 TI - Acute acalculous cholecystitis. Ultrasonic diagnosis. AB - Ultrasonography is an effective and accurate diagnostic test for acalculous cholecystitis. Until recently, however, little attention was focused on the gallbladder wall as an indicator of disease. By accurately visualizing and measuring the gallbladder wall, ultrasonography can be used to screen patients in whom acute acalculous cholecystitis is suspected. If the gallbladder wall measures 3.5 mm or greater, in the absence of ascites, a diagnosis of acalculous cholecystitis can be made safely with a specificity greater than 98 percent. Four of our five patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis had ultrasonically measured gallbladder walls 3.5 mm or greater in width. We have found ultrasonography useful in any clinical situation, even in the face of ileus, jaundice or pancreatitis. In addition, with the use of the portable real-time ultrasound machine, postoperative, traumatized and other critically ill patients can be examined at the bedside. PMID- 7258544 TI - Use of a stapling technique in closure of perforation of the esophagus. PMID- 7258545 TI - Simple modification of Duhamel's operation for the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease. 11 year results. AB - Surgery was performed in 45 patients with Hirschsprung's disease utilizing our modified Duhamel's procedure. A specifically designed crushing clamp was used to eliminate the development of a blind rectal pouch and the suture line of the retained rectal end. Postoperative complications were relatively rare. Manometric study indicated that most postoperative patients had anorectal function as satisfactory as that of normal control subjects. These results suggest that our modified procedure has great advantages in terms of safety and satisfactory defecatory function for the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 7258546 TI - Choledochoplasty for choledochojejunostomy. Variation on a theme by carrel. PMID- 7258547 TI - Congenital progressive muscular dystrophy of the Fukuyama type - clinical, genetic and pathological considerations. AB - The Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), which was firstly described by one of the authors in 1960, is now recognized as an independent subtype of progressive muscular dystrophy in Japan. Recent advances in clinical, pathological and etiological studies of this syndrome were extensively reviewed. A long-term observation on a large number of cases revealed a wide spectrum of clinical features and courses, and comprehensive laboratory examinations including cranial computed tomography disclosed several new findings. A sharp dichotomy exists in the study of etiology; the genetic or intrauterine infection theories, with reasonable grounds for each. The most conspicuous is the fact that FCMD had been seldom described in countries other than Japan. If attention and interest on FCMD expand in a worldwide scale, the elucidation of basic pathogenesis of this disorder will be facilitated rapidly. PMID- 7258548 TI - Studies of body movements during night sleep in infancy. AB - Body movements (BMs) during night sleep of 25 neurologically normal infants, 11 premature and 14 full-term, whose ages ranged from 30 conceptional weeks to 18 months post-term, were examined to evaluate the changes of their features with age. The examinations performed during sleep periods totaled 65 times, 1 to 60 times on each subject. Through visual observation and EEG recordings, the BMs were classified into 3 types: (1) Gross movements (GM), (2) localized movements (LM), both of the above two lasting more than 0.5 second, and (3) twitch movements (TM) lasting less than 0.5 second. Total GM and LM time per hour of sleep, average duration of GM and LM and number of GM, LM and TM per hour of sleep were calculated. Percentage of 20 seconds epochs without BMs (nonbody movement-epochs) was also estimated. These BMs parameters decreased with maturation to certain low base levels. However, each parameter showed a particular time course. TM decreased initially, then LM and lastly GM reached the base level around the age of 9 to 13 months. On the other hand, nonbody movement epochs increased progressively until 8 months of age. These three types of BMs are considered to be controlled by the CNS with different organization levels, the simplest for TM and the most complicated for GM. They are thus correlated to the maturational process of the CNS, and could be good indicators for detecting normal and abnormal CNS developments. PMID- 7258549 TI - Frequency of tuberous sclerosis in San-in district (Japan) and birth weight of patients with tuberous sclerosis. AB - Fifty-two patients with tuberous sclerosis including 44 propositi were collected from 11 hospitals and 20 institutions in the San-in district. Of the 52 patients 44 were alive at the time of the study and the prevalence of tuberous sclerosis among the general population of the San-in district in October 1979 was estimated to be one in 31,000 (3.2 x 10(-5)), which was the highest value among the surveys in certain geographical areas. The frequency of tuberous sclerosis in live-births was estimated to be one in 24,000 (4.0 x 10(-5)). The frequency of the sporadic cases in live-births was one in 31,000 (3.2 X 10(-5) and the mutation rate was directly estimated to be 1.6 X 10(-5) per gene per generation. A difference between the parental age or birth order of the sporadic cases and those of controls was not detected. The mean birth weight for the tuberous sclerosis group was 2,834 g which was slightly less than the 2,985 g for their normal sibs. The frequency of low birth weight, less than 2,500 g, among the children with tuberous sclerosis was 30% (7/23), which was 4 times that in the general population (P less than 0.005). These facts suggest that the intrauterine growth is affected in a considerable number of the patients. PMID- 7258550 TI - tuberous sclerosis: hydroxyproline content in urine and tissues. AB - To elucidate the nature of an overabundance of collagen seen on microscopic examination in tuberous sclerous (TS), the hydroxyproline content in tissues and urine was determined. TS tissues of 5 patients were obtained on necropsy or plastic surgery. Urine was collected from 10 patients with TS and 19 controls. Tumors in kidney, pancreas, lung and heart but not brain contained more hydroxyproline than the surrounding tissues. In brain with the lowest hydroxyproline content, the tumor showed reduced hydroxyproline compared to normal. Collagen sheet in TS skin and shagreen patch showed the same hydroxyproline content as control skin. Th urinary hydroxyproline: creatinine ratios of the patients with TS were all higher than those in age-matched controls with or without anticonvulsant treatment except for congenital muscular dystrophy. The higher content of hydroxyproline in several affected tissues and urine of patients with TS might indicate that an increase in collagen synthesis occurs in TS. PMID- 7258551 TI - A case of holoprosencephaly: with possible association of Dandy-Walker cyst. AB - The authors described a case of alobar holoprosencephaly with a huge cyst in the posterior fossa, possible representing a Dandy-Walker cyst, and marked cerebellar agenesis in the absence of median facial dysmorphias that has recently been encountered at our clinic. PMID- 7258552 TI - Ferrugination caused by Monsel's solution. Clinical observations and experimentations. AB - Ferrugination of fibrin, dermal collagen, and striated muscle fibers may result from the application of Monsel's solution (20% ferric subsulfate) for hemostasis to wounds caused by excisions of skin. The collagen fibers in the dermis are coated with a slightly refractile, gray-brown substance which is strongly positive with Perl's reaction for iron. Ferruginated collagen fibers are eliminated through the epidermis as the epidermis regenerates. Some of the ferruginated fibers become calcified. Siderophages are present in these and adjacent areas. Seepage of Monsel's solution into deeper tissues at the site of biopsy may result in ferrugination of skeletal muscle, perichondrium, and even cartilage. We applied Monsel's solution to biopsy sites caused experimentally in a rabbit and confirmed the capacity of the solution to produce ferrugination of collagen fibers and skeletal muscle. Ferrugination of collagen fibers becomes less pronounced as the wounds heal and as iron pigment is taken up by macrophages. Ferruginated fibers of skeletal muscle act as foreign bodies to elicit a granulomatous reaction. Comparison of biopsy sites to which Monsel's solution had been applied with biopsy sites to which the solution had not been applied indicates that the substance does not seem to interfere with the rate of epidermal regeneration. However, when there is injury to skeletal muscle and other deep tissues by Monsel's solution, an inflammatory reaction persists at these sites for weeks. PMID- 7258556 TI - Tricholemmoma. True and false types. PMID- 7258557 TI - Tricheilema and tricheilemal lesions. PMID- 7258554 TI - Tricholemmoma. To be or not to be? PMID- 7258553 TI - Tricholemmoma. PMID- 7258555 TI - Trichilemmoma. Benign follicular tumor or viral wart? AB - Trichilemmoma is a follicular tumor because of its resemblance to follicular outer root sheath, overlapping features with other tumors in the spectrum of benign follicular neoplasms, occurrence as multiple dominantly inherited and solitary noninheritable tumors, and occasional complication of organoid nevus. The dangerous misinterpretation that trichilemmomas are viral warts, unsupported by scientific evidence, has harmed patients. All electron-microscopic, immunologic, and clinical transmission attempts to demonstrate viral etiology of trichilemmoma have failed. If trichilemmomas were simply old warts, we might expect to see them frequently in children, extrafacially, of long duration, associated with multiple authentic ("young") warts, as multiple lesions, and associated with authentic warts in patients with Cowden's syndrome (multiple trichilemmomas). Actually, trichilemmomas are rarely seen in children, extrafacially, of long duration, associated with multiple authentic warts, as multiple lesions in patients without Cowden's syndrome, and associated with authentic warts in Cowden's syndrome. Unfortunately, patients with multiple trichilemmomas, Cowden's syndrome, and associated internal disease have been passed off as "simply old viral warts." The missed opportunity to identify women with a 50% risk of breast cancer is a disservice to the patient, to say nothing about malpractice implications for the physician when generally accepted medical standards are not applied. PMID- 7258559 TI - Tricholemmona. PMID- 7258558 TI - May practice of a minority view constitute malpractice? PMID- 7258561 TI - Subungual keratoacanthoma. AB - Only 12 cases of lesions reputed to be subungual keratoacanthomas have been reported to our knowledge, and those have not been unequivocal by histologic and biologic criteria. Those 12 lesions have been tabulated by us and reviewed critically. In addition, we now provide two cases of keratoacanthomas in the subungual region that are histologically typical of keratoacanthomas found on hair-bearing skin. It appears to us that subungual keratoacanthoma is a specific type of keratoacanthoma that differs from the common solitary keratoacanthoma on hair bearing skin by 1) its similarity to verruca vulgaris clinically; 2) having more dyskeratotic cells and fewer neutrophils and eosinophils histologically; 3) being more vertical in orientation (longer than it is broad); 4) its failure to regress spontaneously; 5) its longer course; and 6) its tendency to destroy bone. Paradoxically, keratoacanthoma situated in the subungual region is a more destructive neoplasm than a squamous cell carcinoma there. PMID- 7258560 TI - Unusual histiocytic reaction to Monsel's solution. AB - Monsel's solution for hemostasis was applied to a wound produced at the site of a punch excision biopsy from the wrist of a 51-year-old white man. The biopsy specimen showed an incompletely excised basal cell carcinoma. Thirty days later, the residual carcinoma was excised. Adjacent to a basal cell carcinoma in the second biopsy specimen was an intradermal nodule composed of large polygonal cells and multinucleated histiocytic giant cells containing granules and clumps of dark brown and black pigment. This pigment was strongly positive for iron when stained by Perl's method. This unusual histiocytic reaction to topically applied ferric subsulfate must be differentiated from malignant melanomas and from histiocytic neoplasms with siderosis. PMID- 7258562 TI - Histologic forms resembling "large bodies" in scleroderma and "pseudoscleroderma". PMID- 7258563 TI - Pathology of oral leukoplakia. PMID- 7258564 TI - [Classification of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7258565 TI - ["Dust antigen variants"--clinical sensitivity and cutaneous reactions]. PMID- 7258566 TI - [Observations on preoperative restriction of fluid intake in infants (author's transl)]. AB - The problem was investigated whether a reduction to 4 hours of the interval between fluid intake and start of anaesthesia carried increased anaesthetic risks. In 23 infants the residual volume of gastric fluid, its pH and glucose concentration were determined 6 hours after normal feeding and 2 hours and 4 hours after administration of a 10 per cent glucose solution in quantities equivalent to a normal bottle feed. The results showed almost complete gastric emptying 4 hours after administration of a 10 per cent glucose solution. PMID- 7258567 TI - [Measurement of blood pressure during induced hypotension (author's transl)]. AB - A study was made of the reliability and accuracy of various methods of measuring the blood pressure during otorhinolaryngological and cardiac surgical operations in induced hypotension. The values obtained by indirect methods were generally higher than those measured with invasive techniques. In some cases the Riva-Rocci Korotkoff method proved unreliable whereas the ultrasonic Doppler technique remained accurate also in the hypotensive range. Since, however, it does not allow continuous registration, invasive techniques are preferable for continuously monitoring the blood pressure during induced hypotension. PMID- 7258568 TI - [Fasting and surgical intervention]. PMID- 7258569 TI - [The use of infusion filters]. PMID- 7258570 TI - [Sterility and particle content of solutions for infusion]. PMID- 7258571 TI - [Nosocomial infections--a consequence of modern therapeutic and diagnostic methods (author's transl)]. AB - Nosocomial infections are an increasingly observed complication of modern therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. They may arise exogenously, i.e. during nursing or medical care (contaminated instruments, catheters, inhalers, infusions) or endogenously by the patient's own bacterial flora. Characteristic of exogenous nosocomial infections are enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas strains; they are of low virulence, are generally highly resistant to antibiotics and able to survive for long periods even in an unfavourable environment. Endogenous infections are most easily induced during operations on parts of the body that normally show a dense bacterial population such as the intestine; but they are also a dreaded complication of foreign body implants. Endogenous infections after non-sterile operations are most frequently due to enterobacteriaceae and bacteroides, especially Bacteroides fragilis. Endoprostheses are mainly infected by micro-organisms present on the skin, such as staphylococci, streptococci and corynebacterium. An important cause of nosocomial infections is a disturbance of the balance of the normal bacterial flora by uncritical and haphazard use of antibiotics. PMID- 7258572 TI - [An experimental study of the effects of ketamine on the central sympathetic system, respiration and circulation (author's transl)]. AB - Cats were given basal anaesthesia (nitrous oxide-oxygen) with artificial ventilation. They were then injected intravenously with 5 mg/kilogram bodyweight of ketamine. The injection was followed by a marked ketamine. The injection was followed by a marked reduction in both the tone of the central sympathetic system and the activity of the phrenic nerve which lasted for 10 minutes and 30 minutes respectively. Doses of 10 mg/kilogram bodyweight caused a longer lasting and more pronounced lowering of sympathetic activity while phrenic activity was approximately the same as with the smaller dosage. Injection of 2.5 mg/kilogram bodyweight reduced the sympathetic tone only if it was accompanied by asphyxia (central stimulation). Administration of 5 mg and of 10 mg/kilogram bodyweight was followed by a fall in blood pressure by 15-45 per cent up to 2 minutes after the injection. The heart rate at rest was unaffected but in the presence of asphyxia there was a dose-dependent reduction in the expected bradycardia. Ketamine also induced definite central inhibition thereby preventing the circulatory activation which occurs when the drug is used for anaesthetic purposes. The observation that the bradycardic effect arising from central stimulation was weakened suggests a reduction of central vagal activity. PMID- 7258573 TI - [Hydrothorax after catheterization of the right internal jugular vein (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of hydrothorax are reported which developed as the result of intrapleural catheter malposition after cannulation of the right internal jugular vein. Predisposing factors for this rare, but frequently misdiagnosed, complication are discussed. In both cases control chest radiography with small doses of contrast medium as well as aspiration of blood failed to indicate malpositioning. To prevent this complication the use of larger doses of contrast medium and/or control aspiration shortly after the start of infusion are recommended. PMID- 7258574 TI - [A quick method for estimating blood haemoglobin concentrations (author's transl)]. AB - Blood haemoglobin concentrations were estimated in 30 patients in a surgical intensive care unit. The methods used were the standard laboratory technique (photometer Medico) and a bed-side method (Compur M 1000). Comparison of the data showed very good correlation (correlation coefficient: 0.993). This rapid method is very convenient for haemoglobin estimations in surgical emergencies in the intensive care unit. PMID- 7258575 TI - [Percutaneous thromboembolization of the internal maxillary arteries for control of posterior epistaxis]. PMID- 7258577 TI - [Psychosensory education and rehabilitation based on a game praxis. Hearing. Touch]. PMID- 7258576 TI - [Acoustic neurinoma in childhood]. PMID- 7258578 TI - [New otolaryngological therapy: iontophoresis]. PMID- 7258579 TI - [Phoniatric problems in the scholastic environment]. PMID- 7258580 TI - [Endoscopic urological surgery]. PMID- 7258581 TI - [Treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7258582 TI - [Hyperosmolar metabolic decompensation]. PMID- 7258584 TI - John Snow Memorial Lecture 1980. The price of excellence. PMID- 7258583 TI - Crisis within many companies manufacturing medical apparatus. PMID- 7258585 TI - Pressures on endotracheal tube cuffs. AB - The general relationships between the pressure inside an endotracheal tube cuff, the pressure exerted by that cuff on the tracheal wall and the airway pressure have been re-examined in a model system. In relatively recent literature, the tracheal wall pressure at a given cuff volume has been calculated as the difference between intracuff pressures at that volume when the cuff is inflated inside the trachea and when it is inflated whilst suspended freely in air. This has been used as a general relationship, as an alternative to direct measurement in real and model tracheas. In this study, the directly measured pressure was not generally equal to the pressure as calculated above. PMID- 7258586 TI - Internal jugular catheterisation. A review of a potentially lethal hazard. PMID- 7258587 TI - Syringe pump malfunction. AB - An electronic syringe pump accidentally delivered a solution of buprenorphine at an accelerated rate. Following an extensive investigation by the manufacturers, this malfunction was attributed to a short circuit in the electronic control system by a particle of extraneous conductive material within the unit. PMID- 7258588 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a teaching hospital. A survey of cardiac arrests occurring outside intensive care units and emergency rooms. AB - Seventy-eight cases of cardiac arrest occurring outside intensive care units and emergency rooms were analysed. 44% of patients were initially resuscitated, and 14% were still alive at 28 days. The previously well documented relationships between survival and location of arrest, age of patient and initial dysrhythmia were confirmed. A diurnal variation in the incidence of cardiac arrest has recently been postulated, but was not noted in this survey. However, the proportion of arrest patients who were initially resuscitated did show a significant fluctuation over the 24-hour period as tested by a sinusoidal logistic regression. PMID- 7258590 TI - Inadvertent release of the tourniquet after intravenous regional analgesia. PMID- 7258589 TI - Subanaesthetic infusion of Althesin during local analgesia. PMID- 7258591 TI - Chloroprocaine. PMID- 7258592 TI - Contamination of internal jugular lines. PMID- 7258593 TI - An anaesthetic circuit to improve patient monitoring by gas analysis. AB - This circuit is designed to maximise the range of respiratory variables that can be monitored by a mass spectrometer either alone, or preferably in association with blood gas analysis. In particular, it permits monitoring of respiratory dead space, lung shunt, ventilation, and gas exchange, as well as inspired and end expired gas concentrations. Laboratory and clinical data indicate satisfactory performance of the circuit both clinically and analytically. The circuit is most suitable for controlled ventilation where, by operating as a "minute volume divider", it confers stability of minute volume on the manual ventilation technique. PMID- 7258594 TI - Postinfusion thrombophlebitis: effect of intravenous drugs used in anaesthesia. AB - The method of sequential analysis was used to investigate the effect of injection of anaesthetic drugs into an intravenous infusion line on the incidence of thrombophlebitis in the 48 hours following surgery. Analysis of the results failed to show that anaesthetic drugs increased the incidence of thrombophlebitis (P = 0.05), and further showed that they were not a causative factor (P = 0.15). PMID- 7258595 TI - A real-time on-line digital computer method for monitoring myocardial supply: demand ratio. AB - The Myocardial Supply: Demand Ratio reflects the ratio of subendocardial perfusion to subendocardial oxygen demands. A method is described for calculating and continuously monitoring the Myocardial Supply: Demand Ratio using digital computer in real-time. PMID- 7258596 TI - Medical staff needed in a hospital to service anaesthesia and intensive care. AB - A method is presented for determining the number of medical staff needed in a hospital to provide a high standard service in anaesthesia and intensive care. The method depends on dividing duties into those which are easily recognisable as service duties, and other duties which are not but which affect the quality of the service. The portion of the working week available for service duties is determined for each member of staff and, after allowing for leave entitlements, the annual contribution of half days to these duties is calculated. The annual service commitment of the department is worked out in half day units and a relatively simple calculation will then show how many staff are needed. The method automatically provides for all aspects of the job, not just the service element. PMID- 7258597 TI - Intravenous chlormethiazole- haemolysis with concentrated solutions. AB - Since the current clinical concentration of chlormethiazole solutions (0.8%) may require the infusion of large volumes of fluid, it was decided to examine the effects on haemolysis of infusing higher concentrations of chlormethiazole into a central vein. Approximately one gram of chlormethiazole was infused into the inferior vena cavae of six anaesthetised greyhounds over each half hour using, successively, 0.8%, 1.2%, 2%, 5%, 10%, and 20% solutions of chlormethiazole. Free plasma haemoglobin levels were measured at five minute intervals, and blood chlormethiazole levels at 15 minute intervals. A rapidly progressive haemolysis occurred when the 5 or 10% solutions were infused. In a further four greyhounds, one gram of chlormethiazole was infused over each half hour using a 0.8% solution, whilst progressively hyperosmolar dextrose solutions were infused at the same rates in succeeding half hours as the concentrated chlormethiazole solutions had been infused in the first six dogs. No haemolysis occurred in these control animals. Chlormethiazole blood levels were similar in each group. Loss of chlormethiazole into the infusion tubing was examined and found to be 20% for the 0.8% solution, and 10% for the 1.2% solution, but was insignificant with the other subsequently infused concentrations of chlormethiazole. It is concluded that rapid progressive haemolysis occurs in association with the infusion of chlormethiazole solutions when concentrations of greater than 5 or 10% are infused into the inferior vena cavae of anaesthetised greyhounds. PMID- 7258598 TI - Evaluation of lyophilized heparin syringes for the collection of arterial blood for acid base analysis. AB - The effects of liquid heparin on the analysis of acid/base status of arterial blood include a reduction in PCO2 and an increase in PO2. A study was performed to compare a lyophilised heparin syringe with a liquid heparin glass syringe for collection of blood for acid/base analysis. No significant difference between the variables measured in blood taken in the two syringes was demonstrated. PMID- 7258599 TI - Body temperature changes during transurethral prostatectomy. AB - A prospective trial was made to investigate the effects of cold irrigating solutions on body temperatures during transurethral resection of the prostate. In a control group of 45 cases, when the irrigating fluids had a mean temperature of 21.9 degree C, there was a significant fall in body temperature from 36 +/- 0.6 degree C to 34.9 +/- 0.7 degree C. In test group A to 48 cases, when the irrigating fluids had a mean temperature of 4.96 degree C, there was a significant fall in body temperature from 36.1 +/- 0.6 degree C to 34.8 +/- 0.9 degree C. In test group B (five cases) when the irrigating fluids had a mean temperature of 10.2 degree C there was a significant fall in body temperature from 36.0 +/- 0.4 to 34.6 +/- 0.8. Comparative analyses between the control group and test group A did not show significant differences in the degrees of cooling in the two groups. PMID- 7258600 TI - An academic department of anaesthesia in a new Canadian medical school. AB - The development of an academic department of anaesthesia over its first ten years at McMaster Medical School in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, is described. The organisation and goals of the department are described within the context of the regional organisation of health care delivery and of the functions of the faculty of health sciences. The activities of department members in various educational programmes, particularly the undergraduate and postgraduate programmes, are described in detail and the roles of the department in research and clinical anaesthesia and related clinical activities are also described. The role of an academic department of anaesthesia within a community of specialist anaesthetists is discussed. PMID- 7258601 TI - The anaesthetic management of a patient with a broncho-pleural fistula and intestinal obstruction. AB - A patient with a broncho-pleural fistula presented for emergency laparotomy for intestinal obstruction. Anaesthesia was managed with neuroleptanalgesia, and with endobronchial intubation before induction of anaesthesia. PMID- 7258602 TI - A technique for subcutaneous tunnelling of a subclavian catheter. AB - A method is described whereby a silicone elastomer catheter may be introduced into the subclavian vein and then tunnelled retrograde to a remote site. The advantages of this technique are discussed. PMID- 7258604 TI - An uncommon complication of central venous catheterization. PMID- 7258603 TI - Calculating clocks in clinical anaesthesia. AB - The modern electronic calculating clocks make possible a new approach to timing rates and events in clinical anaesthesia, particularly the accurate timing of short intervals such as respirator cycles and pulse rates. It also allows alarm reminders for set time intervals. PMID- 7258605 TI - Accidental intubation of oesophagus. PMID- 7258607 TI - Caesarean section and placental transfer of alcuronium. AB - The placental transfer of alcuronium was studied in twelve patients undergoing elective or emergency caesarean section. Umbilical cord vein and maternal plasma was analysed for alcuronium at dose-delivery time intervals ranging from 5 to 10.5 minutes. The mean umbilical vein concentration of the relaxant was 0.41 +/- 0.18 (SD) microgram/ml, and the mean foetal/maternal concentration ratio was 0.26 +/- 0.11. A positive correlation between foetal and maternal concentrations of alcuronium was demonstrated. Although alcuronium appears to cross the placenta rapidly and in reasonably high concentration, no apparent adverse effects on the neonates was evident as judged by measurement of Apgar scores. PMID- 7258606 TI - Pulmonary oedema due to respiratory obstruction. PMID- 7258608 TI - Total intravenous anaesthesia for major gynaecological surgery. AB - A technique of total intravenous anaesthesia using etomidate by bolus intravenous (IV) injection for induction and by continuous intravenous infusion for maintenance of anaesthesia, with supplementary intravenous fentanyl analgesia, is described. Muscle relaxation was provided by competitive neuromuscular blockade, allowing controlled ventilation of the lungs with oxygen-enriched air. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate and rhythm remained stable throughout the procedure. Few complications were encountered of which the most significant was a 13% incidence of nausea and/or vomiting. Pain on injection, abnormal muscular movements on induction, and post operative venous sequelae were uncommon. Patients were easily rousable shortly after termination of drug infusion. The technique proved acceptable to the patient, surgeon and experienced anaesthetist and, thereby, would appear to offer a reasonable alternative to the more conventional inhalational anaesthetic technique. PMID- 7258609 TI - Aural thermometry during profound hypothermia. AB - External auditory canal temperature changes during profound hypothermia were studied experimentally in ten dogs and clinically in 20 patients undergoing open heart surgery. The results were compared with nasopharyngeal and lower oesophageal temperatures. Tympanic membrane temperature provided a better approximation to brain temperatures measured in four dogs to below 20 degrees C than did either of the other two methods. In patients, auditory canal temperature showed less variability with respect to oesophageal temperature and fell at a faster rate than did nasopharyngeal temperature. It did not appear to be subject to positional or other artefacts but four patients showed evidence of auditory canal trauma. The precise relationship between auditory canal or tympanic membrane temperature and brain temperature during profound hypothermia is not established. Routine otoscopic examination should accompany the use of an ear probe. PMID- 7258610 TI - An evaluation of the Hellige Transoxode (Servomed Oxymonitor SM 361 System): response to halothane and enflurane in vitro. AB - The effects of halothane (0.5-2%) and enflurane (1-4%) on two Transoxode transcutaneous oxygen (TcPO2) electrodes (Hellige Servomed Oxymonitor SM.361 system) were serially tested in atmospheres of nitrogen, air and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Both TcPO2 electrodes reduced and "read" halothane but no enflurane. Calibration drift was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) after electrode exposure to halothane; 5.40 s.e.m. 1.37 kPa vs enflurane; -0.60 s.e.m. 0.93 kPa. Halothane has a direct effect in rendering the Transoxode inaccurate, which is probably clinically less important than the indirect cardiovascularly medicated influence of both halothane and enflurane on TcPO2 levels. A reduction in the electrode polarisation voltage is recommended to obviate the direct effect of halothane on Transoxode performance. PMID- 7258611 TI - The effect on heart rate of neuromuscular blockade reversal by pyridostigmine. AB - Pyridostigmine without atropine, pyridostigmine with atropine or neostigmine with atropine were used to antagonise neuro-muscular blockade induced by d tubocurarine in forty otherwise healthy, female patients recovering from gynaecological surgery. Pulse rates fell significantly (P less than 0.01, control heart rate 72 +/- 18 beats/min (M +/- SD) to 55 +/- 13 beats/min) at ten minutes after pyridostigmine (10 mg/70 kg), necessitating administration of atropine (1.25 mg/70 kg) by fifteen minutes after pyridostigmine. After an initial rise in rate, pulse rates also fell significantly (P less than 0.01, control heart rate 70 +/- 12 beats/min to 44 +/- 11 beats/min) at fifteen minutes after injection of neostigmine (2.5 mg/70 kg) with atropine (1.25 mg/70 kg). By contrast when pyridostigmine and atropine were used together, pulse rates rose and then fell, but mean values never fell below control during a twenty-minute observation period. It was concluded that pyridostigmine should not be given alone, but requires the use of atropine to prevent bradycardia. This combination may, however, provide a more stable heart rate than that seen with neostigmine and atropine in usual doses, when these drugs are used to antagonise d-tubocurarine. PMID- 7258613 TI - Sparks, low voltage sources and flammable anaesthetics. AB - Battery operated laryngoscopes have two types of switching, one of which could cause an external spark. Laryngoscopes normally supply 2.8 volts and 0.67 amps, which theoretically gives ample energy for ignition of a cyclopropane/oxygen mixture. Attempts were unsuccessful to ignite a stoichiometric mixture of 17% cyclopropane in oxygen by breaking resistive circuits having up to 5.8 volts and 9.2 amps. It appears extremely unlikely that the common battery-powered laryngoscope can ignite a flammable mixture by sparking when being switched off. PMID- 7258614 TI - Difficult removal of external jugular vein catheters. PMID- 7258615 TI - Circle system failure induced by gastric suction. PMID- 7258612 TI - Protamine sulphate hypersensitivity. AB - Protamine hypersensitivity has been documented by intra-dermal skin testing in three patients who demonstrated sudden cardiovascular collapse and bronchospasm following the use of intravenous protamine sulphate. All patients had been given protamine previously. The effects of the anaphylactic response were terminated quickly by the administration of intravenous adrenaline associated with plasma volume expansion. Intra-dermal skin testing against all anaesthetic agents is recommended so that the specific allergen can be identified. In patients who are shown to be allergic to protamine sulphate and who require cardiac or vascular surgery careful monitoring of heparin dosage and neutralisation with hexadimethrine (Polybrene) intravenously appears to be a safe alternative. PMID- 7258616 TI - Cutaneous sensation 1980. PMID- 7258617 TI - Misplaced central venous catheter. PMID- 7258618 TI - Post carotid endarterectomy hypertension: clonidine therapy. PMID- 7258619 TI - Identification of collagen types I, II, III, and V by two-dimensional fingerprinting of 125I-labeled peptides. PMID- 7258620 TI - Study of ganglioside patterns with two-dimensional and thin-layer chromatography and radioautography; detection of new fucogangliosides and other minor species in rabbit brain. PMID- 7258621 TI - Use of fluorescamine as an effective blocking reagent to reduce the background in protein sequence analyses by the Beckman automated sequencer. PMID- 7258622 TI - An improved method for the preparation of [14C]pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. PMID- 7258623 TI - Proteoglycan analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7258624 TI - A micromethod for the extraction and quantitative analysis of "free" carbohydrates in nematode tissue. PMID- 7258625 TI - Quantitative extraction and separation from [1-14C]acetate and preparation for ratio gas chromatography of microgram amounts of a 14C-labeled mixture of butyrate and longer-chain-length fatty acids. PMID- 7258626 TI - A simple radioisotopic assay of acetylcarnitine and acetyl-CoA at picomolar levels. PMID- 7258627 TI - Quenched flow technique with plasma membrane vesicles: acetylcholine receptor mediated transmembrane ion flux. PMID- 7258628 TI - A new improved electrophoretic method of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase with discontinuous buffer and gel system. PMID- 7258629 TI - Blue guaran (a chromophore-labeled galactomannan) as a reagent for lectins. PMID- 7258630 TI - A simple method to determine nanogram levels of 4-hydroxyproline in biological tissues. PMID- 7258631 TI - A fluorometric method for quantitating the enzymatic hydrolysis of fucose from porcine submaxillary mucing (A+). PMID- 7258632 TI - Automated measurement of 14C in chromatographic peaks in the effluent of the amino acid analyzer. PMID- 7258633 TI - Continuous spectrophotometric assay of thymidine phosphorylase using 5-nitro-2' deoxyuridine as substrate. PMID- 7258634 TI - Application of high-performance liquid chromatography with a chemiluminescence detection system to determine catecholamines in urine. PMID- 7258636 TI - Determination of lithium in small-animal tissues at physiological levels by flame emission photometry. PMID- 7258635 TI - A sensitive determination of alpha-keto acids by gas-liquid chromatography and its application to the assay of L-glutamate dehydrogenase and aminotransferases. PMID- 7258637 TI - A new assay of microbial lipases with emulsified trioleoyl glycerol. PMID- 7258638 TI - A rotating temperature-controlled water bath for isozyme development in polyacrylamide slab gels. PMID- 7258639 TI - Isotopic labeling of thiamine. PMID- 7258640 TI - A 50-cm-path-length spectrophotometer cuvette for enzyme kinetic studies. PMID- 7258641 TI - Computer analysis of two-dimensional gels. PMID- 7258642 TI - Analysis of angiotensins I, II, III, and iodinated derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7258643 TI - Removal of sulfhydryl groups with 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3a, 6a- diphenylglycoluril: application to the assay of protein in the presence of thiol reagents. PMID- 7258644 TI - Improved apparatus for the differential measurement of pH: applications to the measurement of glucose. PMID- 7258645 TI - A chemical procedure for the specific conversion of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) to phosphoribosyl-AMP. PMID- 7258646 TI - Characterization and determination of titratable groups of proteins by linearization of titration curves i. application to ovalbumin. PMID- 7258647 TI - Quantitation of lipids by charring on thin-layer plates and scintillation quenching: application to ceramide determination. PMID- 7258648 TI - A rapid extraction technique for atomic absorption determinations of kidney calcium. PMID- 7258650 TI - Rapid separation of anionic oligosaccharide species by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7258649 TI - Improvements in procedures for electrophoresis in dilute agarose gels. PMID- 7258652 TI - A novel method for the separation and quantitation of benzene metabolites using high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7258651 TI - Simplified method for synthesizing ampholytes suitable for use in isoelectric focusing of immunoglobulins in agarose gels. PMID- 7258654 TI - Quantitative determination of the exogenous and endogenous storage iron content of haematite workers' lungs. PMID- 7258653 TI - Isolation and quantitation of sulfated and unsulfated steroids in human feces. PMID- 7258656 TI - Determination of therapeutic concentrations of indoramin by liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. PMID- 7258655 TI - Determination of indigo carmine in boiled sweets and similiar confectionary products. PMID- 7258657 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of diethylcarbamazine and centperazine in urine. PMID- 7258658 TI - Determination of caffeine using sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulphonamide. PMID- 7258659 TI - Ultrastructural and quantitative study on development of neuropil of dLGN and SCN around the eye-opening in mice. AB - The postnatal development of some neural organizations in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and superior colliculus (SCN) of 24 mice from 3 litters from birth to the 22nd day of age (especially around the eye-opening) and of the 3 adults was examined by means of ultrastructural and morphometrical methods. In the dLGN of 6 mice from one liter the density of the optic axon terminals which were differentiated by their mitochondrial characteristics, as well as the density of the undifferentiated axon terminals, of the dendrites and the mitochondria in the neuropil increased strikingly from the 16th day of age (2 days after the eye-opening) and almost reached the adult level on the 18th day of age. On the other hand, numerous thin cell processes in the dLGN disappeared by half in density during this period. Also the density of the synaptic structure of the dLGN and SCN from the other 2 liters markedly increased during this period. The cross sectioned areas of the optic and the undifferentiated axon terminals and the postsynaptic dendrites were measured on the 14th and 20th day and the third month of age by a tablet digitizer provided with a computer device, but no obvious change in these areas could be detected during this period. The present results revealed a facilitated increase of some neural elements from 2 days after eye-opening, which suggested that the facilitation might be caused by the light stimuli. PMID- 7258660 TI - An electron microscope study of the perfusion-fixed spleen. III. Fine structure of germinal centers in monkey spleens with special reference to the so-called "dendritic reticular cells". AB - The spleen white pulp of monkey (Macaca mulatta) was studied on electron microscopical level with special reference to cell composition of the light zone of follicular germinal or reactive centers. The presence of a special kind of the so-called "dendritic reticular cells" whose origin appear to have a bearing only on the germinal center formation was confirmed. These non-lymphoid cells, characteristic principally of a well developed Golgi complex and a conspicuous cell coat, overlying mainly the very fine ramified peripheral cytoplasmic processes, seem to support differentiation of small lymphocytes (B-cells). This specialized cell type of peculiar shape and function may be derived most probably from the rest structural reticulum cells under proper circumstances. PMID- 7258661 TI - [Histochemical studies of the exocrine pancreas of the mink (author's transl)]. AB - The author presents enzyme-histochemical investigations on the exocrine pancreas of the mink. The distribution of enzymes is demonstrated. Cytochemical reactions for glycogen, neutral and acid mucosubstances are very slight. The activities of glycolytic oxidoreductases are remarkably high within the acinar cells. Lysosomal hydrolases, esterases and phosphatases are only to be demonstrated in very moderate degree of activity. PMID- 7258662 TI - [Investigation on the influence of trimethoprim at the intrauterine development in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - The present investigations was made to check the effects of repeated oral applications of the chemotherapeutic effective pirimidinsubstance trimethoprim (pure substance) at the intrauterine development in the wistar rat. The agent was given with a throat tube suspended in hydroxyacetylcellulose from the 5th to the 7th, from the 8th to the 10th and from the 11th to the 13th day p. c. The dosage was 1,500, 1,000, 750 and 200 mg trimethoprim per kg bodyweight. The valuation of the fetal development was made after the subsequent parameters: mean implantationrate, resorptionrate, mean fetal bodyweight. Statement of anomalies by inspection of the body surface shape and the brightened skeleton. The dosage of 200 mg TMP/kg bodyweight influences the fetal development only a little. Doses of 1,500, 1,000, and 750 mg TMP/kg bodyweight however show a high toxicity for the used rat strain as well for the mother animals as for the fetuses of the surviving animals. The observed increased resorption rates diminishing of the average fetal bodyweight, anomalies of the body shape and different anomalies of the skeleton are typical effects of folic acid antagonists. PMID- 7258663 TI - [Length growth of the North Sea turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L. male) (author's transl)]. AB - The testing of variety of growth functions of traditional or recently established status as started with the Alaskan razor clam (Sager 1980a) is continued for the length/age relation of the North Sea turbot. Whilst well known functions as the Gompertz must be abandoned in this case, the Richards function and the reciprocal function preferred by Kruger (1973) are in a good position but surpassed by a newly developed function of the author resulting from the increase ansatz W = kWm/(t + to)p (Sager 1980c). Thus the already traced line with excellent results from W = kwm/tp for the approximation of the length growth of the razor clam has found its direct extension although the resulting growth functions differ in their structure due to different ways of integration. PMID- 7258664 TI - [Electromyographic study of trapezius (middle portion) and rhomboideus major muscles submitted to an isometric tension (author's transl)]. AB - The participation of the trapezius (middle portion) and rhomboideus major muscles submitted to an isometric tension (holding downward dumbells of 11, 15 and 19 kg) was analysed in 40 young adults male volunteers. A 2 channel TECA TE4 electromyograph connected with single coaxial needle electrodes was used. In initial phase of the tests, holding downward, generally the trapezius and rhomboideus major muscles showed activity and no activity respectively. In the cases where activity was present during the downward positions it was reduced gradually until complete rest. PMID- 7258665 TI - Postnatal development and differentiation of the secretory elements of the rabbit parotid and submandibular glands. AB - The development of the secretory elements of the parotid and submandibular glands has been examined in postnatal rabbits. In the submandibular gland, there are 2 principal types of secretory cells, serous and mucous. At birth, these occur in approximately equal proportions, and, by 28 days postnatal, the mucous elements greatly outnumber the serous ones. Initially, development of the parotid gland lags significantly behind that of the submandibular gland. Lobules, which are widely separated at birth, appear compact by 28 days postnatal, at which time also serous acinar cells contain an adult content of secretory granules. In both glands, secretory granules develop within component cells of intercalated ducts by 14 days postnatal. Although the glands appear virtually mature by 28 days postnatal, which corresponds approximately to the onset of weaning, minor structural changes occur over the following 3 postnatal weeks. PMID- 7258666 TI - Glycoconjugates in salivary glands of rats during postnatal development. AB - In the salivary glands of young rats in different experimental conditions, we have found glycoconjugates containing hexosamines, hexoses, fucose and sialic acid in lower percentages than those found in adult rats. In the submandibular gland, the presence of sialic acid can be demonstrated only after the second week, whereas in the sublingual gland sialic acid is present in an amount roughly equal to half of what has been found in adult animals. The appearance of sialic acid in the submandibular gland is due to the development of the animals and not, as we had initially surmised to their diet. PMID- 7258667 TI - Studies on the histogenesis of the tunica mucosa of the stomach of the Egyptian water buffalo (Bos bubalus L.). AB - The histogenesis of the ruminal mucosa was studied in 9 buffalo fetuses (CRL 90- 730 mm) and one suckling female buffalo calf. The Lamina epithelialis was found to consist of a basal and superficial layer. The former consists firstly of 2--4 cell layers and becomes later reduced to only one, made up to columnar cells; the latter one consists firstly of about 9 cell layers and increases then to 28--35, depending on the ruminal compartment. The epithelium shows its embryological feature, i.e. all nuclei are directed to the luminal cell pole. The first incidence of the ruminal papillary formation in the Egyptian water buffalo is observed in fetuses of 170 mm CRL. The histogenetic steps of the formation of the ruminal papillae are the aggregation of the cells of the basal layer and of the Lamina propria; the undulations with involvement of the basal layer of the Lamina epithelialis, basement membrane and Lamina propria; formation of humps from the undulations; formation of papillae. The papillary primordia are seen first in the Atrium ruminis and in the caudoventral blind sac simultaneously. The suckling calf has still no definite ruminal papillae. Only their tips are projecting to a different extent into the lumen. PMID- 7258668 TI - Relationship of Dutch rabbit bulb and orbit volume to each other and to age, weight and sex. PMID- 7258669 TI - Electromyographic study of the trapezius (middle portion) and rhomboideus major muscles in free circumduction and pendular movements of the arm. AB - The authors studied electromyographically the activity of the trapezius (middle portion) and rhomboideus major muscles in circumduction and pendular movements of the arm. They verified that the rhomboideus major muscle presented alternated period of activity and inactivity, while the trapezius (middle portion) muscle showed continuous activity of greater or smaller intensity according to the phases of these movements. PMID- 7258670 TI - [Allometry and the increase function dW/dt = kWm/(t + to)p (author's transl)]. AB - After investigations of the author into allometry relations of general concern and the interaction of allometry and the growth functions of Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Janoschek in their original and modified forms the ansatz dW/dt - kWm/(t + to)p is taken into consideration. The solutions of the integrals differ for m = 1 and m not equal to 1 with m greater than 0 and p greater than m but are both mathematically rather well suited for applying the principle of allometry. The main characteristics of the growth functions are recalled, supplemented and contrasted with the equivalent properties of the allometric functions. Graphs give a limited idea of the variability of the functions of allometry including 4 or 5 parameters for W (value of growth) and w (allometric expression) respectively. PMID- 7258672 TI - [The height of the cavitas nasi, the length of the bony palate, and the size and arrangement of the conchae nasales and apertura sinus sphenoidalis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258671 TI - [Embryotoxicity of intraperitoneally administered hydroxyethylcellulose in mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258673 TI - Postnatal development of masticatory organs in rats. I. consecutive changes in histochemical properties and diameter of muscle fibers of the M. masseter superficialis. AB - At birth, the diameter of muscle fibers in the M. masseter superficialis of rats has a narrow range. The diameters begin to increase rapidly from day 10 after birth, and on day 30 the diameters range between about 25 and 55 micrometers, and can be distinguished into 3 groups. SDH activity also increases in some fibers from day 10 and on day 15, 2 types of fibers can be distinguished on the basis of SDH activity, fibers of larger diameter having high activity. From day 30 to 60, 3 types of fibers can be distinguished on the basis of diameter and SDH activity. During this period, the diameter of fibers with the lowest SDH activity increases rapidly, the diameter of fibers with the highest SDH activity decrease transiently, and the diameter of fibers with intermediate SDH activity increases slightly. After day 60, the diameter of fibers with the highest SDH activity begins to increase again. Some fibers show high EDTA-insensitive ATPase activity for the first 15 days. This activity begins to decrease from day 15 after birth, and after day 25 it is no longer detectable in any fibers. No relation between SDH activity and EDTA-insensitive ATPase activity was found in serial sections of fibers. These results indicate that histochemical differences between muscle fibers of the M. masseter superficialis first appear during the late suckling period and develop gradually over a comparatively long period after weaning during use of the muscle for mastication. PMID- 7258674 TI - [Anatomical variations of the nervus alveolaris inferior and their importance for the practice (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have studied the anatomic variations of the inferior alveolar nerve (N. alveolaris inferior) in 18 human heads. The mandibular nerve being free by medial abord. At about half of the studied cases the M. pterygoideus medialis presents a widened insertion extending on the posterior border of the Ramus mandibulae. Before entering into the mandibular channel the inferior alveolar nerve separated from the next elements by expansion of "aponevrose interpterygoidienne". At this level gets sympathic branches from the plexus caroticus externus et internus, making a plexiform structure interfering sometimes a vegetative ganglion formation. At 16.6% of the cases between the alveolar inferior nerve and the lingual nerve are established connection bridges more or less developed. They have an asymetric aspect. There were observed evident connections between the inferior alveolar nerve and the auriculotemporal nerve taking a mono- or pluriradicular form. The mylohyoidian nerve on his homonymous way gives 2--3 sensitive, or vegetative branches to the bone. Practically speaking are important the branches coming from the precanalicular portion of n. alveolaris inferior perforating the periost and penetrating independently in to mandibula through separated vents. These results are practically useful in Stomatological technique explaining from an anatomically point of view the inefficiency of mandibular anaesthesia in some cases although it is correctly applied. PMID- 7258675 TI - [Relations of the rectus capitis lateralis muscle with the first portion of the internal jugular vein (author's transl)]. AB - During the dissections, the authors observed the close relation between the rectus capitis lateralis muscles and the posteromedial surface of the first portion of the internal jugular vein, as well as its attachment to the external surface of the carotid sheath. The topographic relation between this muscle and the jugular internal vein, constitutes an important protection and even a backing factor to the walls of this blood vessel. The authors also admite the possibility of this muscle interference in the caliber of the vein during the head movements. PMID- 7258676 TI - [Mathematical considerations concerning the height/weight tables of Maaser (author's transl)]. AB - The height/weight relation of human growth as given in the tables of Maaser (1974) and other authors shows a loosely linear behaviour from the second year up to puberty when plotted in semilogarithmic coordinates (Kruger 1975). Basing on this property mathematical tests are discussed to include the first year of life in the representation of the height/weight relation by adding but one term to the linear equation in the semilogarithmic system. After less successful suggestions a modified form of the exponential function was found to meet requirements relatively well as is shown by the results of nonlinear regressions for male and female following the Paul-method. In a second attempt, the more distinct linear course from about 6 1/2 years on is used as a basis for approximation by adding a function for the difference values against the height/weight tables. Results of the Paul-method are given and compared with the first test. PMID- 7258678 TI - Morphological aspects and observations about the permeability of the rat mesentery to the lanthanium Nitrate. Some comparisons with the morphology of the human mesentery. AB - A review in the classic literature showed that many authors were interested about the permeability and structure of the mesentery. With the evolution of new techniques, this subject came back in different research areas. The purpose of this paper concentrates in the study of the permeability of the mesentery and of other small intestine layers of the rat to the lanthanium nitrate. Some comparisons are also made with the morphology of the human mesentery. Human and rat mesentery were used in different methods, and an ultrastructural study was performed. However, in all techniques employed in our paper, we could not observe a single area of the basement membrane that was penetrated by the lanthanium nitrate. We may conclude that the penetration of the lanthanium nitrate is impeded by the basement membrane and that this penetration is also impeded in the intercellular space of the mesothelial layer by the presence of a basal lamina, which is continuous with the basement membrane, as we can see in some of our sections. PMID- 7258679 TI - [Making of anatomical dry preparations from voluminous hollow organs by use of SYSpur-solid foam (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe an approach to make anatomical dry preparations from voluminous hollow organs (gastro-intestinal tract, urinary bladder etc.) by "foaming-out" with polyurethane-solid foam (SYSpur). Injections of silicon resin material into intestinal veins or arteries increase the value of demonstration by relief like featuring of the vessel system. The corrosion of "foamed-out" intestinal section after injection of Kallocryl M is presented as a new method. The preparations possess an improved stability in comparison with simple corrosion -- preparations from hollow organs. Furthermore, the solid foam matrix may be used as a topographical reference. PMID- 7258680 TI - American Association of Anatomist, Ninety forth session Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana. April 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 1981. PMID- 7258677 TI - Some observations on the course and relations of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves (based on 348 specimens). AB - In a series of 174 dissecting-room embalmed human cadavers, of both sexes, observations have been made on the variations in the course and relations of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves. The mean distance of both the nerves and ot their common trunk (whenever present) from the middle of the inguinal ligament has been found to be as follows:: Iliohypogastric nerve; 2.70 cm (2.75 cm on the right side and 2.66 cm on the left side), ilioinguinal nerve; 0.64 cm (0.62 cm on the right side and 0.67 cm on the left side), and common trunk 0.62 cm (0.70 cm on the right and 0.54 cm on the left side). The position of the iliohypogastric nerve was less than 2.0 cm from the middle of the inguinal ligament in 22.21% of the cases. Conversely, the position of the ilioinguinal nerve was greater than 1 cm from the middle of the inguinal ligament in 23% of the cases. The distance between the emergence of these nerves subcutaneously and the linea alba is not constant. The data obtained from the measurements were not statistically different with regard to either side or sex. Nevertheless, the knowledge of the variations in the course of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves and of their common trunk is of practical clinical importance. PMID- 7258681 TI - Morphological organization and contractile properties of the wrist flexor muscles in the cat. AB - A comparison of the anatomy, fiber type profiles, and contractile properties of the wrist flexor muscles was undertaken in the cat. Isometric contractile characteristics were measured for each muscle. Three muscle fiber types, FG, FOG, and SO, were differentiated by staining cross sections of each muscle for ATPase, NADH diaphorase, SDH, and alpha-GPD activities. The wrist flexor muscles ranged from less than 1% to 49% SO fiber content; with two of the five heads of the flexor digitorium profundus (FDP) having 1% or less SO fibers (FDP1-1.07%, FDP5 0.81%) and the humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCUh) having the greatest content of SO fibers. The mean contraction time (CT) plus one-half relaxation time for an isometric twitch was correlated with the percentage of SO fibers and ranged from 40.5 to 111.8 ms. Except for the FCU (37ms), the CT was less than 25 ms for the wrist flexor muscles. The uniarticular wrist flexor muscles, the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), and the FCU had the highest percentage of SO fibers and were more fatigue-resistant that the multiarticular muscles. Considerable differences exist in muscle structure, fiber type proportions, and contractile properties between the FCR and FCU, which may be related to functional differences between the two sides of the wrist that may exist during the placement of the foot during locomotion. PMID- 7258682 TI - Histochemical patterns of dehydrogenase activity in the development of free muscle grafts in the rat. AB - Patterns of activity of six dehydrogenase enzymes were studied histochemically in 42 free muscle grafts in the rat. Within hours, the surviving peripheral muscle fibers can be distinguished from the central ischemic muscle fibers. The surviving muscle fibers retain their characteristic pattern of staining throughout the post-transplantation period. The central ischemic muscle fibers stain abnormally and by five or six days they lose their enzymatic activity. The zone of regeneration, between the surviving and the ischemic muscle fibers, initially shows little dehydrogenase activity, but as the regenerating muscle fibers mature, they develop first a homogeneous staining pattern and, later, differences in staining intensity among different types of muscle fibers. PMID- 7258683 TI - Changes in intramembranous particle distribution epididymal spermatozoa of the boar. AB - Membranes of boar spermatozoa from different regions of the epididymis and after ejaculation were studied by the freeze-fracture replica technique. The ordered pattern of the intramembranous particles of spermatozoan plasma membranes was different in the five arbitrary zones of the epididymis and in the semen. A distinctive ordered pattern was absent in zone 1, which is the proximal segment of the epididymis. In zone 2, paired parallel rows of the particles were present in the plasma membrane over the acrosomal region. This parallel arrangement was not present in zone 3 spermatozoa. Anterior to the posterior ring, cords formed by packed particles were apparent in zone 2 spermatozoa and reached their maximum prominence in zone 3, and persisted in zones 4 and 5 and in the semen. The plasma membrane over the marginal ridge of the acrosome had a hexagonal array of particles only in zones 4 and 5 spermatozoa. A similar pattern appeared on the post-acrosomal region of spermatozoa in zone 5 and in the semen. The plasma membrane of the middle piece had a rectilinear arrangement of the particles in zone 2 spermatozoa in which the migration of the cytoplasmic droplet was complete. Rudiments of the rectilinear arrangement persisted in spermatozoa in zones 4 and 5 and in the semen. These changes are discussed in relation to sperm maturation in the epididymis. The acrosomal membrane had a hexagonal arrangement of particles in the equatorial segment. The marginal ridge of the outer acrosomal membrane had parallel rows of intramembranous particles. The organization of the acrosomal membrane particles did not change during the epididymal passage of boar spermatozoa. PMID- 7258684 TI - Secretion granule formation in the rabbit parotid gland after isoprenaline induced secretion: stereological reconstructions of granule populations. AB - The development of the secretion granule population of rabbit parotid glands after isoprenaline (IPR)-induced degranulation has been analyzed at the E.M. level using stereological techniques. Young male New Zealand White rabbits were sacrificed 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 hours after IPR administration and the granule population compared with those of starved controls. In control glands a third of cell volume was occupied by stored secretory material, and it was estimated that, on average, cells contained 386 granules. The granule population as a whole had a mean diameter of 0.94 micrometers, with a unimodal positively skewed size distribution. Two hours after IPR treatment overall granule volume density was only 15% of that of control glands, but there was evidence that the process of restitution had already begun. At 8 hours about a fifth of acinar cell volume was occupied by electron-dense granules with an estimated mean diameter of only 0.58 micrometers, and the population as a whole was more strongly skewed than in the controls. In the later stages of restitution (12 and 16 hours), the volume of stored secretory material continued to rise, mean granule diameter increased, the size-frequency distribution became less skewed and the estimated number of granules per cell fell to 277 by 16 hours, suggesting that some granule fusion occurs during development. The analyses are discussed in relation to the techniques employed, and the results are equated with other independent evidence of the mode of granule genesis. PMID- 7258685 TI - Membrane dynamics in the parotid acinar cell during regranulation: a stereological study following isoprenaline-induced secretion. AB - Recently weaned male rabbits were injected either with 150 micrograms/kg isoprenaline in saline containing 0.01 M ascorbic acid or simply with the drug vehicle. Groups of drug-injected animals were killed at various time after injection. Parotid gland tissue samples from all animals were fixed, embedded and thin sectioned, and micrographs were prepared at standard magnification. Estimations of membrane areas of each membrane type in parotid acinar cells were made. It was found that in animals killed 2 hours after induced secretion apical area was larger than in controls. In animals killed at successively later times the apical area was progressively less. No elevation of any internal smooth membrane areas was ascertained at any sampling time, though the areas of rough endoplasmic reticulum in 2-12 hour samples were larger. It is suggested that excess apical membrane, though probably removed by interiorization, is afterwards disassembled in side the cell to create fresh macromolecular building units (protein molecules), perhaps after passing through the Golgi apparatus. This cryptic pool of building units can provide about 900 micrometers2 of secretion granule membrane per cell, the supply apparently being exhausted in the first eight hours after degranulation, whilst granule numbers are being increased. Thereafter, apparently, limited granule fusion occurs, so that ultimately the cellular complement of secretion granule membrane comes to enclose a greater volume of secretory product, though the average granule number per cell is small. PMID- 7258686 TI - Pituitary tumorigenesis in aging female C57BL/6J mice: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - Spontaneous pituitary tumors have been studied by light and electron microscopy in female C57BL/6J mice at 2 1/2, 11, 15, 22, 23, 24 and 30 months. Tumors were evident macroscopically in greater than 50% of mice 22 months or older, and greater than 80% on microscopic evaluation. Active and hypertrophied mammotrophs were the predominant cell type within the tumors at 22-30 months, often totally filling large portions of the tumor mass. Exocytosis of secretory granules was extensive from the mammotrophs, but much less abundant from other parenchymal cells. Somatotrophs and gonadotrophs were also present, and appeared active and often strikingly hypertrophied. The tumors were characterized by disruptions of parenchymal and capillary integrity which resulted in the formation of large vascular lakes lined solely by tumor cells, generally mammotrophs. Apparent metastasis of tumor cells into the vascular lakes was also observed. In 11- and 15-month mice small tumors or pretumor foci were evident in some mice on microscopic evaluation, although they were not visible macroscopically. Their degree of development was somewhat variable, but they had essentially the same features as more advanced tumors in older mice. pretumor foci were characterized by more moderate disruptions of parenchymal cell and capillary integrity; cellular hypertrophy, particularly of somatotrophs and gonadotrophs; and the presence of small vascular lakes. In 2 1/2-month mice tumors could not be localized macroscopically or microscopically, and the pituitary was composed of well-defined cell cords and an intact capillary bed. However, small focal zones of capillary and tissue disruption were apparent occasionally in 2 1/2-month mice. These findings indicate that the process of pituitary tumorigenesis in female C57BL/6J mice is initiated by midlife, with subsequent progressive development into large, mammotroph-dominated tumors. PMID- 7258687 TI - Growth of the turtle Chrysemys scripta under constant controlled laboratory conditions. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine 1) growth of the turtle shell and change in weight under constant controlled laboratory conditions and 2) whether under these constant conditions there were seasonal changes. Fifty unfed refrigerated eight-week-old hatchling turtles Chrysemys scripta were received in October and maintained in aquaria with 16 hours of artificial light and eight hours of darkness, at 24-27 degrees C and a humidity of 30% and fed twice weekly. Gross linear measurements of the width and length of the plastron and carapace, and total body weights, were taken at eight weeks and thereafter at about six week intervals. During the two-year period the mean increase of the plastron length was from 30.79 +/- 0.19 mm to 68.32 +/- 1.58 mm, plastron width from 24.23+/- 0.20 mm to 50.43 +/- 1.03 mm; carapace length from 32.47 +/- 0.24 mm to 75.21 +/- 1.82 mm, carapace width from 31.81 +/- 0.28 mm to 67.12 +/- 1.29 mm, and body weight from 6.94 +/- 0.15 gm to 80.63 +/- 5.02 gm. Calculated daily percent changes revealed that strongly correlated with its value at 786 days of age. No seasonal differences in growth were noted between the summer and winter periods when turtles would enter winter dormancy in certain natural environments. Environmental factors are reflected in the growth of the turtle. PMID- 7258688 TI - Morphology of a two-headed piglet. AB - A live-born, one-day-old diprosopic piglet was presented to the Ontario Veterinary College. The piglet had a normal body with two heads, joined in the occipital region. There were two complete snouts, four eyes and three ears. The lower jaws were immobile because of overlapping mandibular rami. Although there was only one vertebral column, the bodies of the vertebrae, but not the neural arches, were doubled from the axis to T8. There was one thyroid gland and one larynx and hyoid apparatus. The two tongues were joined at their base just rostral to the single epiglottis. The palate was completely split in the right head but only partially split in the left. the cranial nerves were normal and doubled except for IX, X and XI. The brains were fused at the pon-medulla junction. An anomalous midline tag of neural tissue resembling remnants of the medical halves of two nervous systems extended form this point to the level of T8. Possible developmental mechanisms and rates of incidence are discussed. PMID- 7258689 TI - The behavior of substances labeled with 3H-proline and 3H-fucose in the cellular processes of odontoblasts and ameloblasts. AB - Odontoblasts are cells with single cytoplasmic processes that grow longer as more dentin is elaborated. Ameloblasts also have single processes and it has been postulated that they too grow longer as more enamel is made. Support for this hypothesis was obtained using rat incisors to investigate the behavior of substances labeled with 3H-proline and 3H-fucose. A comparison was made between odontoblasts, which have processes known to grow and remain within the dentin, and the ameloblasts whose Tomes' processes are hypothesized to grow and leave remnants in the completed enamel. With 3H-proline, the odontoblast bodies are labeled at the early time intervals. They synthesize and secrete a layer of intensely labeled predentin, which by 1 and 2 days is converted to mineralized dentin. Matrix deposited after the main pulse is weakly labeled. Odontoblast processes are never labeled in dentin formed prior to injection. With 3H-fucose, the cell bodies are labeled at the early intervals and the newly formed glycoproteins are deposited into the predentin. Almost immediately, these are progressively added to the dentin at the calcification front. With time a gradient of labeling extends from the unlabeled dentin toward the odontoblast bodies. Unlike the behavior of labeled proteins, by 1 and 2 days labeled glycoproteins appear along the entire length of the odontoblast processes. In the enamel, no Tomes' processes are present during maturation. With 3H-proline, reactions are adjacent to the cells and diffuse toward, but do not reach the dentino-enamel junction by 1 and 2 days. With 3H-fucose, reactions appear over the enamel near the cells. By 1 and 2 days no diffusive pattern is seen, but grains are concentrated near the dentino-enamel junction, in a region containing holes known to be the beginning of Tomes' processes. Since odontoblast glycoproteins migrate along odontoblast processes, it was postulated that cytoplasmic remnants were present in enamel along which ameloblast glycoproteins could also migrate to reach the holes at the dentino-enamel junction. PMID- 7258690 TI - Quantification of microvasculature in the canine spinal cord. AB - Capillary density and capillary orientation in canine spinal cords were estimated by calculating actual lengths, surfaces, and volumes of capillary segments in tissue sections. Transverse, sagittal, and frontal section planes were samples from dorsal, ventral, and lateral funiculi and from dorsal and ventral gray horns of spinal segments C3, T6, and L3 from three dogs. Capillaries were defined as vessels less than 10 micrometer in diameter. Electron microscopy of 104 such vessels revealed no muscle coat but collagen fibrils between endothelium and astrocyte process in 68% of the white matter capillaries and 16% of those in gray matter. Capillary diameter was significantly different among regions in some cases, but consistent patterns of variation were not found. Capillary density was four to five times greater in gray matter than in white matter. Capillary density differed significantly among the same-size dogs, but within dogs, density was similar among segments and within gray matter and white matter regions. In 62% of the transverse sections, capillary orientation was always along the craniocaudal axis of the spinal cord. The craniocaudal orientation was significant in 96% of the white matter sections and 78% of the gray sections, and in 97% of the cervical and thoracic sections but only 73% of the lumbar sagittal and frontal sections. Because capillary orientation is neither isotropic nor regular, unbiased, low-variance estimates of capillary density cannot be expected without resorting to excessive sampling. An efficient method of quantifying spinal capillaries for comparative purposes by counting number of profiles per unit area is recommended. PMID- 7258691 TI - The three-dimensional cytoarchitecture and pattern of motor innervation of branched striated myotubes. AB - Three-dimensional reconstructions of "regenerating" myotubes in the "degeneration regeneration" regions and in the "regenerative" foci of the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the C57BL6J/dy2J myopathic mutant mouse were made from spaced serial ultrathin section. Complex branching and recombination occurred, involving myotubes which for extensive regions along their length appeared to be independent. No accumulation of specialized organelles occurred at the branching site. Continuous branches displayed multiple discrete motor endplates. PMID- 7258692 TI - Effects of acid-stress on epidermal mucous cells of the brown bullhead Ictalurus nebulosus (LeSeur): a morphometric study. AB - The effects of acid water on alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff's stainable mucosubstances of epidermis from the anterior abdominal wall of brown bullhead catfish, Ictalurus nebulosus, were studied. Standard morphometric techniques were used to determine mucous cell volume density (MCVv) and number density (MCNv) of control (pH 6.8-7.0) and acid-stressed (pH 5.7-6.15) fish. Mucous cell volume density was significantly increased (P less than 0.005) in fish which had been exposed to acid-stress for five days. Since increase in volume density can arise from either an increase in the size of individual mucous cells (hypertrophy), an increase in the number of mucous cell per unit volume (hyperplasia), or a combination of the two, average cell data were computed. No significant difference in cell diameter or cell volume between treated and control groups was seen. However, the number of mucous cells in acid-stressed fish was nearly twice (p less than 0.005) that of controls. These results demonstrated that acid-stress resulted in increased number but not volume of mucous cells (i.e., hyperplasia without hypertrophy). PMID- 7258693 TI - Ultrastructural evidence indicating reorganization at the neuromuscular junction in the normal rat soleus muscle. AB - The ultrastructural organization of 40 soleus neuromuscular junctions from ten normal young adult male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD)-derived rats (Charles River Breeders, CD-Crl:COBS (SD)BR) has been studied. A smaller sample of motor endplates from the gastrocnemius, diaphragm, and extensor digitorum longus muscles of these rats as well as from the soleus muscles of two adult Wistar (W) rats (Crl:COBS(WI)BR) was included. Widespread ultrastructural reorganization was evident at the soleus neuromuscular junction during the growth period from three to five months of age. A major characteristic of reorganization is the presence of junctional folds not associated with axonal terminals; such sites occur within a single endplate adjacent to areas with typical intact synaptic associations. Additional features possibly related to remodelling are: 1) spatial separation of axonal terminals from the myofiber, 2) intervention of Schwann cell cytoplasm between an axon terminal and myofiber, 3) aggregates of satellite cells, and 4) folded or multilayered basal lamina. These features are most pronounced in the soleus muscle but occur to varying degrees in the neuromuscular junctions of other muscles of SD-derived rats. Distinctive characteristics of the rat soleus postjunctional sarcoplasm include the widespread occurrence of myofibrillar components, abundant free and membrane-associated polysomes, and triads oriented in various planes. Away from such discrete sites, myofibers possess the usual highly oriented organization of myofibrils, T tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. The soleus muscle is a postural muscle that responds directly to rising workload imposed by continuous body growth during young adulthood by steady myofiber hypertrophy and conversion of motor units (Kugelberg, '76). This changing structural-functional relationship may be reflected also by ultrastructural remodelling of the neuromuscular junctions reported here. PMID- 7258694 TI - The presence of proximal tubulelike cells in the kidney parietal epithelium in response to unilateral nephrectomy. AB - Five months following unilateral nephrectomy, the parietal epithelia in the remaining kidneys of Sprague-Dawley rats were examined by light and electron microscopy. Compared with controls, the kidneys from uninephrectomized rats exhibited a dramatic increase in mass characteristic of compensatory hypertrophy. Approximately 20% of the renal corpuscles in the hypertrophied kidneys had parietal epithelia lined by tall cells which possessed a brush border and other morphological characteristics of proximal tubule cells. In some instances proximal tubulelike cells made up over half of the cells lining the parietal epithelium. The possible significance of this finding is discussed. PMID- 7258695 TI - Morphology of the buccopharyngeal portion of the gill in the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque). AB - Buccopharyngeal epithelium covering gill arches and gill rakers of the fathead minnow was studied by light microscopic, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic techniques. Mature mucous cells in goblet pattern and nonmucus containing cells were in the apical one-third of the tissue. The latter cells contributed to a surface microridge system which overlapped apices of goblet cells. The bottom of the epithelium was comprised of a continuous row of darkly stained basal epithelial cells. In this region, two to three epithelial cells of similar staining characteristics were piled up forming apical columns which partially encircled nests of lightly stained cells. A basal lamina and thick basement lamella of about 20 piles of orthogonally arranged collagen supported the epithelium. Numerous taste buds were seen in gill arches and rakers. Taste bud cellular components included marginal cells, light receptor cells, dark receptor cells, and basal cells. These were identical in all taste buds. Taste bud surface morphology differed between gill arch and raker. Pores of the former were depressed, while those of the latter were raised. Thick microvilli of taste pores were apical extensions of light cells, while smaller, more numerous microvilli were projections from dark cells. PMID- 7258696 TI - Prenatal and postnatal development of the cervical portion of the spine in the short-finned pilot whale Globicephala macrorhyncha. AB - Fusion of the cervical spine in Globicephala macrorhyncha is a prenatal rather than a postnatal phenomenon which encompasses all cervical vertebra. This results in a relatively short, nonarticulated, composite cervical spine in this particular species. Cervicothoracic spine segments removed from fetuses demonstrated complete fusion of all cervical vertebra commencing during early prenatal development. C1 and C2 initially developed as a composite central cartilaginous unit, although laterally there was some separation through rudimentary interzone formation. However, C3 through C7 formed individual cartilaginous centra which were divided from each other by thin, well-demarcated concomitantly evident dividing the thoracic, lumbar, and caudal vertebra, although this was a very rudimentary intervertebral region). The first primary ossification center appeared in C2. Subsequently, primary ossification occurred in C7, and finally in C2 through C6, with ossification centers then progressively coalesced in the midline, from C2 to C7, in a craniocaudal sequence. This entire chondroosseous fusion process was completed during early gestation (probably less than 2 to 3 months of prenatal development), so that a composite "single" cervical vertebra developed that characterizes this species at birth and throughout postnatal development. Postnatally, ossification spreads laterally within each centrum, and also progressively removes the vestiges of the intervertebral material. The cranial end of C7 and the remainder of the cervical vertebra do not form secondary centers. An extensive fibrocartilaginous/hyaline cartilage bridge remains between C1 and C2, even after closure of the vertebral physes. Undoubtedly, this allows continued growth in C1 and C2, which become the dominant portion of the cervical unitary vertebra. Eventually, even this synchondrosis will disappear to form a completely osseous cervical mass. PMID- 7258697 TI - Lactate and pyruvate levels in the testicular vein of subfertile males with varicocele as a test for the theory of underlying hypoxia. AB - To test for the theory of testicular hypoxia in subfertile males with varicocele, the testicular mean blood level of lactate and pyruvate was compared with that of a control group. Statistical analysis of data showed a lower mean of lactate and of pyruvate in the testicular vein of varicocele patients. It is concluded that in varicocele there is no accumulation of lactic acid, thus excluding testicular hypoxia. Since lactate and pyruvate mean concentrations in testicular vein were correlated, it is suggested that in cases of varicocele there is defective glycolysis preceding the stage of pyruvate formation. PMID- 7258698 TI - Correlative study of the ultrastructure and the physiology of the seasonal regression of the epididymal epithelium in the hedgehog Paraechinus micropus. AB - The seasonal variations in the ultrastructure and physiology of the epididymis of hedgehog were studied in relation to the reproductive functions. Five adult male hedgehogs were sacrificed every alternate month for one calendar year and the epididymis was fixed in Bouin's, Zenker and formol-calcium for light microscopy and in cold buffered glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in osmium tetraoxide for electron microscopy. The epididymal epithelium consists of four types of cells, the principal, the apical, the dark and the basal cells. The principal cells like other steroid synthesizing cells, contain the extensive Golgi apparatus, the smooth and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (SER and RER), the secretory vesicles and the lipid granules during the breeding season, but they are practically devoid of these cell organelles during regression, except for the retarded Golgi and moderate RER. The basal cell, on the other hand, show lipids and well developed organelles during regression but poorly developed structure in the sexually active hedgehog and possibly function as the cells storing lipids during regression and which are subsequently used at the beginning of the recrudescence. The epididymal epithelium recrudesces along with the seminiferous epithelium prior to the spermatozoa reaching the epididymal lumen, whereas the accessory sex glands which are also the extratesticular androgen dependent organs, still show regressed structure. Thus, the ultrastructural and the physiological observations suggest that the principal cells are probably the site of androgen synthesis and they become fully developed along with the cells in the testis on stimulation from the pituitary at the beginning of the recrudescence. PMID- 7258699 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content of morphologically different sperm types from normal and subfertile human males. AB - 20 male patients (G2), affected by idiopathic oligozoospermia, and 10 normal fertile males (G1) were investigated. The DNA content of 50 Feulgen stained sperm heads per subject was determined, using single cell photometry. In a second step area, circumference, length, and width of the same heads were measured, using a semi-automatic image analysis system. Considering only morphologically normal heads, the mean DNA content is only slightly smaller in G2 than in G1. On the contrary, the DNA variation is strongly higher in G2 than in G1. Unfortunately, morphologically defect heads show an increased DNA variation, too. Thus, determining the DNA variation of a semen, containing many morphologically defect heads, a combined determination of the DNA content and head morphology is necessary. This can only be achieved by single cell cytophotometry, which is therefore superior to flow cytophotometry as regards this problem. Many heads with a strongly abnormal DNA content do not show any morphological abnormalities. These subcellular changes can only be detected by the determination of the DNA content. PMID- 7258700 TI - Abnormal germinal exfoliation in semen of hypogonadotrophic patients during a hCG treatment. PMID- 7258701 TI - Gold in human semen. PMID- 7258703 TI - [Haemodynamic effects of dopamine, sodium nitroprusside and the association dopamine-sodium nitroprusside. Comparison of their effects after extra-corporeal circulation under deep hypothermia for congenital heart defects in infants and small children (author's transl)]. AB - Heart rate, cardiac index measured by thermodilution, systolic diastolic and mean arterial pressure, mean left and right atrial pressures, were measured immediately before and after 30 minutes of dopamine infusion at a rate of 7 micrograms/kg/minute, then after 30 minutes of nitroprusside infusion at a rate of 0.5 micrograms/kg/minute, and after 30 minutes of association dopamine nitroprusside at the same doses. The statistical analysis shows that the best enhancement in the cardiac output is observed (P less than 0.01) after the association dopamine-nitroprusside, with a diminution of systemic vascular resistance (P less than 0.05) however less important than that observed with sodium nitroprusside alone (P less than 0.025). PMID- 7258702 TI - [Testicular atrophy following inguinal herniotomy. Questions arising in connection with the physician's obligation to explain the risk of operative consequences]. PMID- 7258704 TI - [Single dose of thiopental or fentanyl. Hemodynamic effects after treatment by an anti-hypertensive drug: guanoxabenz (author's transl)]. AB - The hemodynamic effects of a single dose of fentanyl (4 micrograms/kg) and of thiopental (5 mg/kg) were studied on cranial trauma patients who have hypertension and who are ventilated at constant volume and frequency. At first the results were collected without an hypertensive treatment, in the second time the same results were collected after the injection of an anti-hypertensive drug (guanoxabenz 70 micrograms/kg). The results showed that in two series the modification in the measured parameters was not statistically significant; the used drugs produced little change in the hemodynamic profile: a) Even with insignificant, we noted that the injection of fentanyl after an anti-hypertensive drug caused a smaller change in the blood pressure and cardiac index then was seen in untreated subjects. b) With thiopental treated subjects, the arterial pressure is not decreased because of the increased systemic resistances, at the same time changes in cardiac index are essentially identical whether or not the subject was treated with guanoxabenz. The results therefore tend to show that the anti-hypertensive treatment can be continued without any interruption by a surgical operation. PMID- 7258705 TI - [Electro-anaesthesia during neuro-surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have performed 66 (cranial or spinal) operations with electro anaesthesia supplemented by neuroleptics and pancuronium. In this technique, which respects the necessities of neurosurgical anaesthesia, analgesia is produced by means of Limoge's rectified high frequency currents. The protocol consists of: induction by a neuroleptic, application of the electrical current, intubation with benzodiazepin and succicurarium, controlled ventilation with a 50 p. cent oxygen/50 p. cent nitrous oxyd mixture and curare as required. The efficiency was estimated according to the necessity of a supplementary drug analgesia (fentanyl). The use of fentanyl, i.e. drug intoxication, was strongly reduced in 90 p. cent of the cases (average 0,46 micrograms/kg/hour). Absolute failures were encountered in 3 cases only. Patients waked up in very good conditions and extubation occurred on an average of 16 minutes. Reflexes of cough an deglutition are not depressed by electro-anaesthesia and we think this preservation of the respiratory function to be very profitable for such neurosurgical patients. Our opinion by now is that the best indications for electro-anaesthesia are high-risk patients, with a special mention for surgery of the posterior fossa. PMID- 7258706 TI - [Surgery of abdominal aortic aneurysm infra-renal. Hemodynamic changes induced by aortic clamping and declamping. Eight cases (author's transl)]. AB - Hemodynamic data of 8 patients undergoing planned resection of abdominal aortic aneurysm are statistically analyzed by variance analysis ("patient" factor and "time" factor). The results are: 1. "Patient" factor exists for all the variables studied. 2. "Time" factor is present for some of them. After aortic clamping, there is a significant decrease of the systolic index (p less than 0.05) and of the left ventricular systolic work index (p less than 0.01). After aorting declamping, a high significant increase of the mean right auricular pressure (p less than 0.001) and of mean capillary wedge pressure (p less than 0.001) are seen. Similar results are observed at the end of surgery. The results are commented with regard of the literature. PMID- 7258707 TI - [Intervention among patients with right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock. Operatory risk (author's transl)]. AB - In order to assess the risk of advanced heart block during anesthesia in patients with right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock, 35 consecutive patients were monitored throughout the pre-, intra- and postoperative period. As conventional ECG monitoring may only detect advanced atrioventricular block, patients were monitored according to the Holter method which can easily detect even minor changes of atrioventricular conduction namely slight increased PR interval or dropped P wave. All patients were asymptomatic, in normal sinus rhythm without second degree AV block. Surgical procedures were performed under general anesthesia (n = 15) and epidural anesthesia using lidocaine (n = 20). No episode of second or third degree atrioventricular block occurred. The only modifications observed were rare and transient increase of PR, occurring during surgical procedures in 5 patients, always associated with a sinus bradycardia. They immediately regressed at the termination of the sinus bradycardia either spontaneously or following atropine injection, strongly suggesting the responsability of increased vagal tone. Thus general or epidural anesthesia did not compromise infranodal conduction in any of the observed patients. These data indicate that anesthesia can be safely used without prophylactic preoperative insertion of pacemakers in patients with asymptomatic chronic right bundle branch block and left anterior hemi-block. PMID- 7258708 TI - [Assessment of external cardiac massage efficiency or Kouwenhoven revisited (author's transl)]. AB - The external cardiac massage mechanism is commonly related to the ventricles compression between the vertebral block and the sternum. This over-simple explanation must be reconsidered. Following recent data, the intra thoracic pressure changes take probably a major part in it efficiency. Six patients have been studied by hemodynamic intra aortic measurements and Doppler carotidian velocimetry. Intra thoracic pressure have been recorded by an oesophageal catheter. Results are in agreement with the prominent part of the intra thoracic pressure variations. Various external cardiac methods are investigated following this monitoring. Some aspects of the classical management of the cardiac arrest have to be discussed. PMID- 7258709 TI - [Complications of loco-regional anaesthesia in obstetrical practice (author's transl)]. AB - Complications of loco-regional anaesthesia in obstetrics are usually due to several factors: 1. choice of drugs: this must be judicious, taking into account duration of effect, potency and eventual maternal and foetal toxicity. This rule includes also morphinic drugs; 2. choice of technique: taking into consideration the stage of labour and also the eventual surgical procedure. Paracervical block must be avoided because of the numerous side-effects, chiefly foetal distress. Spinal anaesthesia is indicated only for instrumental procedures or caesarian section, with the usual reserves about headaches, severe hypotension. Peridural anaesthesia may present some complications, like extensive peridural anaesthesia, hypotension. In eclampsia and gemellarity, loco-regional, anaesthesia must be induced with the utmost caution. Moreover, an unrecognized uterine rupture may happen during labour under medullary anaesthesia if the patient had previously a caesarian section. PMID- 7258710 TI - [The patient with chronic insufficiency. Right catheterism for acute distress (author's transl)]. AB - A right cardiac catheterism with a calculation of cardiac output by thermodilution method has been achieved on 40 chronic respiratory failure patients with acute outbreak. The results have been analysed according to the type of chronic pulmonary disease, obstructive (n = 24) or restrictive (n = 16), the number of out asphyxic outbreaks and the necessity of mechanical ventilation (VA). The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) is high (6.38 +/- 1.58 KPa) systolodiastolo gradient increases with the number of outbreaks (p less than 0.001). The cardiac index is low (2.32 +/- 0.57 1.mn(-1).m2(-1)) and the pulmonary capillary pressure (PCP) is high, specially during the obstructive syndromes. A high level of PAP during mechanical ventilation seems to be of poor prognosis. The authors compare these results to the literature. PMID- 7258711 TI - [Uptake of oxygen in the lung: a program for the microcomputer]. AB - Written for pedagogic purpose, this paper describes a Basic program of the alveolar diffusion and shunt effect, for personal computer. Equations and algorythms are described first. Then the program is explained in great detail in order to be easily implemented. Nine typical situations are stimulated and discussed. PMID- 7258712 TI - [Benign intracranial hypertension in intensive care unit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7258713 TI - Canine cerebral metabolic tolerance during 24 hours deep pentobarbital anesthesia. AB - The impact of tolerance on cerebral metabolism during prolonged pentobarbital induced anesthesia was evaluated in 16 dogs. Cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen was calculated from direct measurements of venous blood flow rate and the difference in blood oxygen content between arterial and venous blood during four periods of continuous and unvarying deep pentobarbital anesthesia-0-3 hours, 3-6 hours, 12-15 hours, and 21-24 hours. During 0-3 h, the metabolic rate was 1.8-2.0 ml 02.100 g brain-1.min-1. This increased to 2.3-2.6 ml.100 g-1.min-1 during 3-6, 12-15, and 21-24 h. In all studies, the electroencephalogram indicated a constant deep burst-suppression level at 2-6 bursts/min, and blood pentobarbital levels were unchanged at 4.9-5.9 mg/dl throughout the entire period of anesthesia. The sustained increase in cerebral metabolism that occurred after 3 h and continued through 24 h of pentobarbital anesthesia is presumably due to tolerance. This was a phenomenon in which metabolism increased during steady deep anesthesia with unchanged blood levels of pentobarbital, rather than one in which greater blood levels were necessary to maintain the same level of anesthesia. PMID- 7258714 TI - Effect of spinal anesthesia on adrenergic tone and the neuroendocrine responses to surgical stress in humans. AB - In order to quantitate the effect of spinal anesthesia on adrenergic tone, plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) were measured by radioenzymatic assay in 24 patients were then compared to those of 10 patients receiving inhalation anesthesia (halothane-nitrous oxide). High thoracic dermatome spinal anesthesia caused suppression of both arterial plasma NE and EPI and a fall of mean arterial pressure (MAP); in contrast, no changes of NE, EPI, or MAP were observed in patients receiving low spinal anesthesia. Overall, there was a relationship between the sensory dermatome anesthesia level and changes of both plasma NE (r = 0.71, P less than 0.001) and EPI (r = 0.52,P less than 0.02). In the inhalation anesthesia group, plasma NE increased during the operation and plasma levels of NE, EPI, growth hormone, and cortisol were elevated during the postoperative recovery period. These neuroendocrine responses to surgical stress were not observed in patients receiving either low or high spinal anesthesia. Thus, the effect of spinal anesthesia on adrenergic tone depends on the cord level of anesthesia and can be quantitated by measurement of plasma catecholamines. The neuroendocrine responses to surgical stress were prevented in patients who received low spinal anesthesia and who had no suppression of efferent adrenergic tone. These findings indicate that neural afferents from the site of tissue injury, which were blocked by low spinal anesthesia, mediated both the adrenergic and the hormonal responses to surgical stress in the inhalation anesthesia group. PMID- 7258715 TI - Mechanism of tracheal constriction by succinylcholine. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanism by which succinylcholine produced large increases in endotracheal tube cuff pressure in barbiturate anesthetized dogs (n = 7). Cuff pressure was measured in vivo by a transducer connected to a fluidfilled, high-volume, low-pressure cuff. Intravenous succinylcholine, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, produced mean increases in cuff pressure of 12 +/- 2 (+/-SE) and 27 +/- 5 cm H2O, respectively, which reached peak effect in 1 to 3 min and declined slowly over the next 10 min. Bilateral vagotomy, intravenous administration of atropine (0.2 mg/kg) and hexamethonium (5 mg/kg) prevented or terminated succinylcholine-induced increases in cuff pressure. Isolated preparations from an additional three dogs were employed to study the direct actions of succinylcholine on trachealis muscle in vitro. In organ baths, succinylcholine (10(-6) to 10(-3) M) did not contract canine trachealis muscle, and concentrations of 10(-5) M and above significantly relaxed carbamylcholine induced contractions. The authors conclude that succinylcholine elicits contraction of trachealis muscle by a stimulant action on parasympathetic pathways rather than by a direct action on airway smooth muscle. Since vagotomy prevented the succinylcholine response, the site of stimulant action is not at autonomic ganglia. PMID- 7258716 TI - Role of glucose or potassium lack in nerve block. AB - Potassium and glucose are usually lacking in solutions employed for nerve conduction block. The significance of this for impulse conduction was studied in rabbit vagus nerve in vitro, incubated for 2 h Ringer's bicarbonate solution containing or lacking 5 mM glucose and 4 mM potassium chloride (n = 5 for each conditions). The c-fiber actin potential was recorded by periodic stimulation and the Na and K content of the desheathed nerve core was determined at the end of the incubation. In the presence of glucose, apparently normal conduction persisted for at least 2 h, even though the nerves incubated in potassium-free medium lost 20 per cent of their potassium. In the absence of glucose, reversible extinction of conduction was complete in 78 +/- 9 min when external potassium was present, and in 110 +/- 10 min when external potassium was absent. The data suggest that lack of glucose may reinforce C-fiber inexcitability during conduction block and that inclusion of a physiologic amount of potassium chloride in the solution may also be desirable. PMID- 7258718 TI - Rectal temperature is best indicator of adequate rewarming during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7258717 TI - Thermal burn caused by a laryngoscope. PMID- 7258719 TI - Unitary explanation for differential nerve block remains elusive. PMID- 7258720 TI - Pharmacogenetics and the halothane hepatitis mystery. PMID- 7258721 TI - Genetic differences in reductive metabolism and hepatotoxicity of halothane in three rat strains. AB - The relationship between the reductive metabolism of halothane and hepatotoxicity was examined in three rat strains (Fischer 344, Sprague-Dawley, and black hooded Wistar) to determine if there were genetic differences in 1) the reductive metabolism of halothane under identical exposure conditions, and 2) the susceptibility to the hepatotoxic effects of halothane. Halothane hepatotoxic was produced in all rat strains by exposing phenobarbital-pretreated rats to 1 per cent halothane under mild hypoxia (14 per cent oxygen, inspired) for 2 h. Generally the levels of both 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (CTF) and 2-chloro 1,1-difluoroethylene (CDF), two volatile metabolites of halothane, increased from the onset of anesthetic exposure and reached a plateau after approximately 60 min. The exception to this trend were phenobarbital-pretreated Wistar rats (exposed to 1 per cent halothane with 14 per cent oxygen) where the levels of either CDF or CTF were high initially (10-min sample) and decreased in subsequent samples to reach a plateau after 80 min. The plateau levels of both CDF (approximately 6 ppm) and CTF (approximately 20 ppm) were not significantly different among the three rat strains exposed to halothane (1 per cent) and hypoxia with prior enzyme induction. There were, however, significant differences in both biochemical and pathological changes among the three strains exposed under the above identical conditions when the rats were killed 24 h after anesthetic exposure. For example, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was increased fourfold in the Fischer strain but only doubled for the other two strains. Moreover, while all three strains had various amounts of hepatocyte damage in the vicinity of the central veins when the rats were exposed to halothane, hypoxia, and enzyme induction, only the Fischer strain showed hepatocyte damage under the exposure conditions of halothane (1 per cent) and normoxia (21 per cent oxygen, inspired) with prior enzyme induction. The results support the role of reductive metabolism of halothane in the etiology of halothane hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, they suggest that genetic variations in the susceptibility of the liver to the reactive intermediates or metabolites formed during reductive metabolism of halothane may be a significant factor in halothane hepatotoxicity. PMID- 7258722 TI - [Isolated aneurysms of the iliac region. Presentation of 7 cases]. PMID- 7258723 TI - [Evaluation of normovolemic hemodilution in chronic arterial diseases of the lower limbs. Preliminary note]. PMID- 7258724 TI - [Post-sympathectomy lumbar neuralgia. Our experience]. PMID- 7258725 TI - [Reactive hyperemia test under plethysmographic control in the early diagnosis of arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs]. PMID- 7258726 TI - [Variations in blood and plasma viscosity in relation to the degree of metabolic compensation in diabetes]. PMID- 7258727 TI - ["Restless legs": symptom, disease or syndrome? Personal considerations on the etiopathogenesis, clinical aspects and therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 7258728 TI - Noninvasive detection of internal carotid artery occlusion. AB - Flow in the common carotid artery is normally quasisteady with flow never approaching zero during diastole. With total occlusion of the internal carotid artery, flow in the common carotid assumes the pattern observed in the external carotid, which supplies a relatively high-resistance vascular bed. In 34 instances of total internal carotid obstruction, flow went to zero in diastole in 33 cases and also demonstrated flow reversal in 22. In addition, there was a significant reduction in peak systolic velocity when the low-resistance internal carotid was obstructed. These observations, which are simple to determine using an ultrasonic duplex scanner, are of value in suspecting total occlusion of the internal carotid artery, thus obviating the need for arteriography in some cases. PMID- 7258730 TI - The inhibition of ischemic lesions of the rat gastric mucosa by a novel serotonin antagonist: a light and electron microscopic study. PMID- 7258729 TI - Platelet aggregation in patients with Moyamoya disease. AB - Platelet aggregation was studied by giving ADP or adrenalin to 28 patients with Moyamoya disease. There were 7 males and 21 females, and 27 normal controls, 11 males and 16 females. We found that 2 muM of ADP, and 9.1 and 22.7 muM of adrenalin induced statistically significant increases in nondissociative patterns of platelet aggregation in the patient group. Maximum aggregation was significantly increased in the patient group compared with the controls by the addition of ADP (2 and 4 muM) or adrenalin (9.1 and 22.7 muM). When patients were divided into two groups under and over 20 years of age, there was no discernible difference of platelet aggregation in either group. PMID- 7258731 TI - Myocardial protection by lidoflazine during one-hour normothermic global ischemia. AB - The cardioprotective effects of lidoflazine, a drug with calcium homeostatic properties, were studied in 12 dogs (6 drug-treated and 6 controls) subjected to 1-hour normothermic global ischemia. None of the control dogs could be weaned from the extracorporeal bypass after 30 minutes of reperfusion. In contrast, all acutely pre-treated animals were able to support their own circulation. Recovery of pre-ischemic values in this group was 97 +/- 3% for systolic aortic pressure, 69 +/- 7% for diastolic aortic pressure, 97 +/- 10% for left ventricular pressure, and 84 +/- 11% for cardiac output. Electron microscopy and calcium cytochemistry were done on left ventricular biopsies taken before, during, and after ischemic arrest. In the control group, severe damage to the sarcolemma and the mitochondria was found at the end of the ischemic period and became more prominent after 5 and 30 minutes of reperfusion. There was great accumulation of calcium in the damaged mitochondria. In the lidoflazine-treated dogs, these lesions were largely prevented. These findings suggest a strong cardioprotective effect of lidoflazine during severe myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7258732 TI - Noninvasive assessment of load reduction in chronic congestive heart failure patients. AB - Therapy with phentolamine can improve the condition of patients with congestive heart failure due to the inotropic effect of this drug as well as its vasodilating action. Therefore, 8 patients with volume-overloaded left ventricles due to aortic insufficiency and mitral insufficiency received 50 mg of phentolamine 4 times a day for 2 weeks. Peak and end systolic wall stress were estimated using a noninvasive echocardiographic technique. The peak systolic wall stress in this group was 133 X 10(3) dynes/sq cm, which is similar to the reported normal value. However, the end systolic wall stress was 89 X 19(3) dynes/sq cm, which is much higher than the reported normal values. After PO administration of phentolamine, the end systolic stress was normalized while the peak systolic stress was reduced below normal. As a result of therapy with phentolamine, the ejection fraction, the percentage of change in the minor axis, and the velocity of circumferential fiber shortening significantly increased. Thus, PO administration of phentolamine can improve left ventricular function in patients with mitral insufficiency and aortic insufficiency. PMID- 7258733 TI - Comparative effects of pindolol and hydrochlorothiazide in black hypertensive patients. PMID- 7258734 TI - Prinzmetal's angina: atypical angiographic features of atypical angina pectoris. AB - Clinicians have puzzled over the coronary physiology associated with atypical angina pectoris for the past century. Recent recognition of coronary artery spasm, which has been so thoroughly documented with coronary angiography, has resolved many of these conceptual difficulties. However, several features of coronary artery spasm, both spontaneous and secondary to provocation with ergonovine maleate, remain poorly understood. This paper addresses the management problems associated with spontaneously occurring spasm in the setting of pre existent atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, angiographically severe spasm unassociated with symptoms of angina pectoris or signs of myocardial ischemia, and the precipitation of angina pectoris by ergonovine maleate administration unaccompanied by demonstrable epicardial coronary artery spasm. The rationale, indications and therapeutic efficacy of a new class of agents known as slow channel inhibitors of calcium antagonists are discussed. PMID- 7258735 TI - Case reports of phase 4 paroxysmal atrioventricular block. AB - Four cases of PAVB were reported, 3 of which manifested third-degree AV block, while one exhibited first-degree AV block, while one exhibited first-degree AV block. The location and mechanism of establishment and disappearance of PAVB was discussed. It was speculated that, in some cases, concealed conduction of P waves could promote depolarization of the injured area which displayed Phase 4 block and thus temporarily restore 1.1 AV conduction. PMID- 7258736 TI - The major heat stable allergen of shrimp. AB - Serum from a patient who had experienced several episodes of anaphylaxis after eating shrimp was used to monitor the isolation of a major allergen from shrimp, which was then tested with sera from 10 other shrimp-reactive patients. The allergen was isolated from a fresh extract of boiled shrimp by gel filtration and from raw shrimp by gel filtration and agarose electrophoresis. The purity of the allergen was established by crossed immunoelectrophoresis against rabbit and guinea pig antisera; it gave only a single peak in each case. The native allergen was excluded on Sephadex G-200 but showed a single band at 38000d in SDS-PAGE with or without reduction. The isoelectric point was about 4.5. The allergen contained about 4% carbohydrate and only 7 Tyr and 9 Phe out of 341 amino acid residues. Using the RAST with 11 allergic sera, the allergen gave a correlation coefficient of 0.98 with whole cooked shrimp extract and of 0.66 with raw shrimp extract. The allergen was a potent inhibitor of RAST to both cooked and raw shrimp. A second, weaker allergen of 21000d chain size was isolated from raw shrimp in highly purified form. PMID- 7258737 TI - Allergens in hymenoptera venom. VII. Species specific reactivity to yellow jacket venoms. AB - Venom from three species of yellow jacket, Vespula maculifrons, V. squamosa and Vespa crabro, was tested in direct and inhibition of RAST with a panel of 39 sera from three regions of the U.S. V. squamosa venom was found to be missing at least one allergen present in V. maculifrons. Patterns of reactivity were highly correlated with geography; reactivity with V. squamosa correlated with distribution of the species. Sera fron California recognized Vespa crabro; however, the insect is not found west of Indiana. This suggests that there are also some differences in the venom from the western species, V. pennsylvanica. No correlations were found with reactivity to hornet, wasp or bee venoms. PMID- 7258738 TI - Hypersensitivity to tobacco glycoprotein in human peripheral vascular disease. AB - One hundred and sixty-four patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) were skin tested with a purified tobacco glycoprotein (TGP). A basophil degranulation test (BDT) was also performed to assess in vitro reactivity to TGP. Immediate skin test hypersensitivity to TGP was found in 18 of 164 (11%) patients with radiologically demonstrable PVD. BDT was positive in 25/42 (60%) smokers as opposed to 6/23 (24%) nonsmokers (p less than 0.01). Twenty-one of 49 (43%) skin test-negative and 10/11 (91%) skin test-positive patients wih PVD had a positive BDT (p less than 0.02). Only 1/34 (3%) patients with negative BDT had a positive skin test. Skin test-positive patients had significantly higher BDT at 0.01 and 0.001 microgram/ml TGP in vitro compared to skin test-negative patients (p less than 0.01). When PVD was graded by arteriography, one of 11 patients with "mild," 11/87 with "moderate" and 4/20 with "severe" PVD were skin test-positive to TGP (p less than 0.01 "mild" vs "moderate"; p less than 0.05 "mild" vs. "severe"). These differences could not be attributed to age, sex, atopy or smoking status. Reactivity to TGP exists in a proportion of patients with PVD and may be causally related in such cases to the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease. PMID- 7258739 TI - Case report: poststreptococcal crescentic glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage simulating Goodpasture's syndrome. PMID- 7258740 TI - Treatment of asthmatic patients sensitive to mites (Dermatophagoides farinae); a four-year study of immunotherapy with an extract of Dermatophagoides farinae. AB - Dermatophagoides farinae (D.F.) is considered by many to be one of the main allergens in house dust. The present report is a four-year study with an extract of D.F. in 518 patients with extrinsic asthma. The extract was clinically effective in 315 out of 474 patients (66.5%) after the first course of therapy (20 weeks). It was even better (P less than 0.001) after more than two courses (76.5%). About 10% of the patients become almost entirely asymptomatic. The individuals whose skin reactions decreased after treatment showed the best results (P less than 0.05). After therapy the skin reaction and degranulation of mast cells were inhibited. Side effects were mild and transient. The results suggest that immunotherapy with D. farinae might be an acceptable measure of treatment for many patients with extrinsic asthma. PMID- 7258741 TI - Immune function in marathon runners. AB - Quantitative immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and leukocyte phagocytosis and killing were studied in 20 male marathon runners to determine if rigorous physical conditioning affects immune function. C3, C4, Properdin Factor B, T and B cells, and phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes were determined in selected runners. Complete blood counts, including platelets, were obtained for the group. Mean immunoglobulin values for IgG, IgA and IgM were within normal limits. Ten runners (50%) had slightly low total lymphocyte counts (less than 1500/mm3). Leukocyte phagocytosis and killing was consistently normal. Nine marathoners felt that running had increased, and one felt that it had decreased their resistance to respiratory infections. This could not, however, be correlated with significant changes in immune parameters. We conclude that long distance running has no effect on immune function. PMID- 7258742 TI - Immunosuppression and chemotherapeutic agents. AB - There are numerous immunosuppressive agents which can be divided into two major categories, specific and non-specific immunosuppressants including cytotoxic agents derived from cancer chemotherapeutics. Whenever chemotherapeutic agents which cause unintentional immunosuppression are indicated in malignancy, combination treatment with immunotherapy (immunostimulation) is encouraged. PMID- 7258743 TI - Venom skin testing and alteration of RAST levels. AB - Since the availability of insect venoms for skin testing, recommendations suggest skin testing any person who has had a systemic reaction to a stinging insect with all venoms available for diagnostic purposes. Considering the possibility for actual sensitization with such a procedure, 30 children had RAST testing obtained before, immediately following and several weeks after skin testing with venoms for honey bee, wasp, yellow jacket and hornets. We found 53% of our patients had elevations in either immediate or delayed RAST levels of over 120% and this increase was believed to be significant. While the clinical significance is not directly interpretable as none of these patients were subsequently stung, we felt it may suggest that they are at greater risk for a future reaction. The increase was most often observed in RAST venom levels where corresponding skin tests had been negative. We therefore conclude that skin testing should not be arbitrarily performed and perhaps skin testing with a minimal number of venoms would be appropriate (especially when the responsible insect is known). Lastly, we believe that closing monitoring of RAST levels following skin testing may be important. PMID- 7258744 TI - An evaluation of triprolidine and pseudoephedrine in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. AB - A double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study was performed to assess the efficacy of a combination drug product containing the antihistamine, triprolidine, and the sympathomimetic, pseudoephedrine, in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis was defined on the basis of coexistent nasal congestion and an aggregate symptom complex score which exceeded a pre established value. Pseudoephedrine and triprolidine were shown to make distinct and separate contributions to the treatment of allergic rhinitis defined in this manner. PMID- 7258745 TI - Inflammatory bowel disease: another possible effect of the allergic diathesis. AB - That inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is just another possible facet of allergy is shown by the alleviation of IBD following allergy testing and treatment. This is further borne out by the findings in a survey (questionnaire) of local members of the National Foundation of Ileitis and Colitis (NFIC) in which 70% of individuals with IBD listed other symptoms which were judged to be "Possibly Allergic." PMID- 7258746 TI - Peak flow whistle: preliminary report. AB - A peak flow (PF) measuring device, the Peak Flow Whistle (PFW), has recently been designed. The principle of a threshold activated reed is utilized to register PF, which differs significantly from the spring distortion mechanism utilized in currently marketed devices. Prototypes of the PFW were tested in the laboratory and in clinical settings as part of our preliminary studies. When compared with a pneumotachograph in the laboratory, the values correlated significantly (p less than .0001). In field studies both in asthmatic and non-asthmatic children, the PFW values correlated significantly (p less than .0001) with those of the Wright Peak Flow Meter and performance was found to be satisfactory. PMID- 7258747 TI - Evaluation of lymphocyte populations and their mitogenic activity in relation to serum copper and immunoglobulin levels in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Purified mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood and sera from 30 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were compared to the control or standard values in respect to the total number of B (EA) and T (E) rosette forming lymphocytes, their responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed (PWM) mitogen, and serum immunoglobulins, (C3) complement and copper levels. The RA patients had significantly lower values for EA cells, PWM stimulation index, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Significantly higher values for serum copper and sedimentation rates were found. Relatively higher values for IgG, M, A and C3 were found in RA patients with lower values for E cells. PMID- 7258748 TI - [Comparison of three methods of measuring antibiotic sensitivities (author's transl)]. AB - Two semi-automatic methods of measuring antibiotic sensitivities were compared to the disk method for everyday use in a bacteriology laboratory. The reproducibility, compared with 3 strains, proved satisfactory, the highest was the API method. There appeared to be few discrepancies between the semi-automatic methods and the disk method. Part of the latter may be explained by the difference of critical concentrations. Others, routine for a few antibiotics, merit more complete study. PMID- 7258749 TI - [Detection of pill-induced antiethinylestradiol antibodies (author's transl)]. AB - The synthetic hormones contained in contraceptive pills were shown to induce antiethinylestradiol (EE) antibodies in some women. These antibodies can be detected by the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) which are precipitated from serum in 25 p. cent saturated ammonium sulphate. A method of analysis of the anti-EE antibodies is described, in which binding of tritiated EE is measured with and without addition of unlabeled EE in excess. This method allows to identify specific reversible binding on saturable sites. Because of the large excess of non specific sites, the whole serum was enriched in antibodies before the binding measurement, either by previous separation of CIC, or by an affinity chromatography on a EE column. Results of this method confirmed the presence in a number of women on oral contraceptives, of immunoglobulins which were able to bind EE reversibly. The antibodies were found in CIC. in the absence of CIC, they were occasionally found in serum after an affinity chromatography on a EE column. This method is felt to allow a more accurate detection of women immunoreactive to the pill. PMID- 7258750 TI - [A liquid chromatography technique for routine determination of urinary estriol in human pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - A liquid chromatography procedure for routine determination of urinary estriol concentrations is described. After enzymic hydrolysis of a 1 ml sample, automatic extraction with chloroform/ethyl acetate, purification by chromatography on a disposable "minicolumn" of AG 1-X2, urinary estrogens are separated with normal phase column and isocratic elution with isooctane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water and the optical density at 280 nm is measured. The specificity is assessed by comparison of liquid chromatography with fluorometry and gas liquid chromatography. The technique is simple, rapid and quite suitable for routine determination. PMID- 7258751 TI - [Estimation of Stuart factor using a synthetic substitute during oral anticoagulant treatment. Preliminary results (author's transl)]. AB - The estimation of Stuart Factor (Factor X) with a new synthetic substrate S-2337, and the prothrombin time were compared in 91 patients treated with oral anticoagulants for more than one month. There was a good correlation between the two tests (r = 0.79 and 0.81 depending on the thromboplastin used). The results of out short study suggest a therapeutic zone between 20 p cent and 32 p cent of factor X but these values require confirmation. This method may constitute a progress in the laboratory supervision of treatment with coumarin derivatives for it permits better standardisation of the results and may easily be adapted to an autoanalyser. PMID- 7258752 TI - [Determination of the prothrombin time and of the activated cephalin time wit semi-automatic Electra 600 apparatus (author's transl)]. AB - This work studies the quality of the response of the Electra 600 for the determination of the prothrombin time (PT) and the activated cephalin time (ACT). The intra-serial precision was good for the PT and the ACT with normal or pathological plasmas (CV 2%). The precision was excellent for the PT (r = 0.98; Electra 600-fibrometer). The correlation coefficient varies between 0.85 and 0.95 for the ACT depending on the nature of the activator chosen. Lactescent plasmas having a protein concentration greater than 85 g/l should be treated manually for measurement of the PT. No interference was noted with other biological substances: eg glucose, bilirubin, hemoglobin. The increasing addition of heparin indicates a correct sensitivity of the response with Electra 600 both for short and long ACT. Autoanalysis renders the determinations of PT and ACT independant of the manipulator, that of the PT being much more rapid than with the manual method PMID- 7258753 TI - Commission on "effects of drugs on laboratory tests". Introductory considerations on drug effects in clinical biochemistry (document A, stage 3, January 1981). PMID- 7258754 TI - Bretylium tosylate as initial treatment for cardiopulmonary arrest: randomized comparison with placebo. AB - To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of intravenous bretylium tosylate as a first-line drug for patients in cardiopulmonary arrest, a randomized, double blind study was conducted, comparing bretylium with a normal saline placebo. Fifty-nine patients presenting to the emergency department with cardiopulmonary arrest due mainly to ventricular fibrillation or asystole initially received either bretylium (10 mg/kg) or placebo in a rapid intravenous bolus and were then otherwise treated according to standard American Heart Association guidelines. If ventricular fibrillation or asystole persisted, a second bolus of bretylium or normal saline was given after 20 minutes. Thirty-five percent of patients presenting with ventricular fibrillation or asystole who received bretylium were successfully resuscitated, whereas 6% of patients who received placebo survived (P less than 0.05). These findings serve to suggest that the early use of bretylium tosylate in cardiopulmonary arrest improves survival. PMID- 7258755 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: analysis of six years' experience and review of the literature. AB - A six-year series encompassing 1,073 cases of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) at St. Elizabeth Medical Center (SEMC) was analyzed and compared with 13,266 hospital CPR cases in the literature. SEMC had a CPR success rate of 56% and a survival-to-discharge rate of 24%, compared with 39% and 17%, respectively, in the literature. Compared with the anticipated death rate had these patients not undergone CPR, a hospital mortality reduction of over 6% was achieved. Resuscitation was attempted in about 30% of all deaths and in 1% to 1.5% of all admissions. Four or more resuscitation attempts on a patient during a single admission were uniformly associated with fatal outcome. The average age of CPR patients and survivors was 60 years. Half the primary causes were cardiac; one fourth were pulmonary. CPR success was unaffected by patient location, but most patients initially arrested in the emergency department, which had the best survival to discharge rate. Of CPR patients who were discharged alive, 75% survived for at least one year. Fifty percent were alive after three years, and 20%, after five. PMID- 7258756 TI - Lidocaine in prehospital countershock refractory ventricular fibrillation. AB - Drug management of out-of-hospital countershock refractory ventricular fibrillation was evaluated by including 100 mg lidocaine bolus intravenously as the only anti-arrhythmic option in a protocol for use by paramedics. One hundred sixteen patients entered the study by failing to convert from ventricular fibrillation after the sequence of countershock, sodium bicarbonate, and repeat countershock. Sixty-two patients (53%) received lidocaine during the course of attempted resuscitation (Group I); 54 patients (47%) did not receive lidocaine (Group II). The two groups did not have significant differences in response times, patient profiles, or the use of other drugs or procedures. In Group I, 28 patients (45%) remained in ventricular fibrillation on arrival at the hospital, 15 (24%) were admitted to the CCU, and seven (11%) were ultimately discharged. In Group II, 25 patients (46%) remained in ventricular fibrillation on arrival at the hospital, eight (17%) survived to be admitted to the hospital, and one (2%) was ultimately discharged. The ability to convert ventricular fibrillation and the number of short- and long-term survivors did not differ significantly between the two groups. We conclude that a well-documented, controlled study of prehospital drug management of ventricular fibrillation is possible, and that further clinical evaluation of drug use in countershock refractory ventricular fibrillation is needed. PMID- 7258759 TI - Pyelosinus extravasation in the acute renal colic patient. PMID- 7258757 TI - Algorithm-directed triage in a pediatric acute care facility: a retrospective study. AB - Algorithm-directed triage by nonprofessionals was used to safely assign care urgency categories to 22,934 walk-in patients under 13 years of age during 1978. Of all patients, 16.7% were categorized as having urgent or potentially urgent problems at triage. Of those patients admitted, 79.12% received these urgency classifications. Additionally, 72.13% of all patients received an acute minor illness care urgency classification. Of patients admitted, 20.87% had an acute minor illness classification. A total of 11.16% of all patients received a routine or non-urgent classification. No patients admitted had been triaged to this non-urgent classification. As determined by review of records of 91 patients admitted from the acute care facility, the system safely identifies both high- and low-risk walk-in populations. PMID- 7258758 TI - Impact of prehospital cardiac algorithms on ventricular fibrillation survival rates. AB - To determine the value of algorithms in the field, a set of cardiac clinical algorithms was developed for and tested by the City of Philadelphia paramedics. A controlled test was carried out by revising the narrative standard operating procedure to reflect algorithm content and giving the algorithms, in pocket-size booklet form, to half the Fire Rescue platoons (43 men). Baseline data included paramedics' characteristics, arrhythmia recognition and management test scores, and data on the number of patients who were discharged alive from the hospital following successful treatment of ventricular fibrillation in the field. Platoons with and without the algorithms served identical areas of the city, did not differ in response times, and were treated similarly with regard to continuing education during the study period. Paramedics who received the algorithms were encouraged, but not required, to use them. Platoons using the algorithms experienced an increase in their ventricular fibrillation patient survival rates from 10.6% to 14.5%; those platoons not using the algorithms had a decrease in patient survival rates from 11.8% to 7.0% (P = 0.0732). There was no statistically significant difference in the paramedics' scores on arrhythmia recognition and management tests given before and after use of the algorithms. Only 39% of the paramedics used the algorithms during actual patient care, but 83% used them as a study guide or for reference between runs. The data suggest that algorithm use may minimize the rate of knowledge and skill decay. PMID- 7258760 TI - Fatal pulmonary edema following intravenous "freebase" cocaine use. AB - A 36-year-old man developed extreme shortness of breath after injecting "freebase" cocaine intravenously. Clinical and radiographic evaluation confirmed acute pulmonary edema, and blood gas studies substantiated acute respiratory failure. Despite vigorous therapy, the patient died three hours after admission. When cocaine use causes death, generally it is by respiratory collapse. Although the post-mortem finding of pulmonary edema after cocaine use has been reported, to our knowledge, this is the first reported death due to clinical pulmonary edema after the intravenous use of freebase cocaine. PMID- 7258761 TI - Emergency training for non-emergency physicians in the Army. PMID- 7258762 TI - Anterior tibial compartment syndrome with use of MAST. PMID- 7258764 TI - CME reporting standards should be rethought. PMID- 7258763 TI - Medical care in the air progresses. PMID- 7258765 TI - Therapeutic effects of parenteral administration of lincomycin on experimentally transmitted swine dysentery. AB - The therapeutic effects of 2 dose levels of lincomycin and a reference drug (tylosin) were compared in 80 growing pigs with experimentally transmitted swine dysentery (SD). The pigs were allotted equally to 4 groups. Treatment was initiated 5 days after pigs were exposed to SD. Lincomycin was administered IM at doses of 11.0 or 4.4 mg/kg of body weight once daily for 3 to 7 days. Tylosin was injected IM at a dose of 8.8 mg/kg once daily for 3 days (highest recommended dose). The control (nontreated) infected pigs were not given the drug. The effects was terminated 22 days after exposure to SD. The effects were measured in terms of mortality, survival, physical activity, performance, and necroscopy findings. The 2 drugs reduced the clinical signs of SD. Pigs treated with either dose of lincomycin had a better treatment response than did pigs treated with tylosin, as evidenced by less mortality, longer survival time, and greater feed intake (P = 0.05). In addition, pigs treated with the larger dose of lincomycin, 11.0 mg/kg, had better treatment responses in 12 of the 14 measured criteria than did pigs treated with tylosin. Also, these pigs treated with the larger lincomycin dose had better treatment responses tha did the pigs treated wih the smaller dose of lincomycin, 4.4 mg/kg, as evidenced by dysentery, fecal consistency, physically active and intermediately active pig days, body weight gain, and feed intake. PMID- 7258766 TI - Acepromazine and droperidol inhibition of halothane-induced malignant hyperthermia (porcine stress syndrome) in swine. PMID- 7258767 TI - Anaplasma ovis in Idaho sheep. AB - Blood samples from 16 anaplasmosis complement-fixation (CF) positive sheep from a flock near Cambridge, Idaho, were inoculated into 3 intact sheep and 3 splenectomized calves. The 3 sheep became CF positive, and 2 developed parasitemia. None of the 3 calves had signs of anaplasmosis, but all became ill when they were subsequently challenge exposed with blood from known carriers of Anaplasma marginale. After a 75-day observation period, blood from the recipient intact sheep was subinoculated into 3 splenectomized sheep. These splenectomized sheep developed clinical anaplasmosis and became CF positive. In only 1 sheep was there a positive rapid card agglutination test. Therefore, the rapid card agglutination test was not considered to be diagnostic for anaplasmosis carrier status in sheep. Electron microscopic studies were performed on infected sheep erythrocytes to determine the morphologic structure of the organism involved. The causative organism was determined to be Anaplasma ovis. PMID- 7258768 TI - Internal vomiting in the ruminant: effect of apomorphine on ruminal pH in sheep. AB - Five sheep, with a rumen fistula inserted, were each injected (IV) with apomorphine (18 mg) and ruminal pH was measured every 5 minutes during a 1-hour period. During the base-line period (30 minutes) that preceded apomorphine injection, pH was constant in individual sheep and te group mean (+/- SD) was 7.1 +/- 0.35. After apomorphine was injected, group mean was 6.9, 6.0, 6.3, 6.3, 6.3, 6.4, 6.4, 6.5, 6.7, 6.9, 6.9, and 7.1 at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 minutes, respectively. The pH reduction of ruminal content was recorded in 4 of the sheep. Maximal reduction occurred in the 10-minute period after apomorphine was injected. The pH returned to control value within 40 to 50 minutes after injection. Vomitus was not expelled through the mouth by any of the sheep. It was concluded that expulsion of acidic abomasal contents back into the preabomasal compartment (internal vomiting) was the cause of acidification of the rumen after apomorphine was injected. PMID- 7258769 TI - Systemic and digital vascular effects of intravenous histamine in the pony. AB - The effects of a 60-minute IV infusion of histamine (0.5 mg of histamine base/minute) on the systemic, pulmonary, and digital vasculature were investigated in mature ponies. Immediately after the start of histamine infusion, there were a transient decrease in systemic pressure lasting less than 1 minute and then a brief period of systemic hypertension. Systemic pressure then returned to preinfusion levels for the remainder of the infusion period. Pulmonary arterial pressure increased transiently coincident with systemic hypotension. Histamine increased cardiac output and decreased both total peripheral and pulmonary vascular resistances. In the digit, blood flow increased for the duration of the systemic hypertension, but was otherwise unchanged. Digital lymph flow and protein concentration were unchanged by histamine. Hematocrit increased significantly after 60 minutes of histamine infusion, but plasma and blood volumes were unchanged. Histamine caused cyanosis, hyperpnea, and sweating in all ponies. The effects of histamine given IV do not mimic the systemic and digital vascular effects of acute alimentary laminitis. PMID- 7258771 TI - Detection of bacteremia in cattle inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea virus. AB - Bovine viral diarrhea virus infection of cattle interfered with normal blood clearance mechanisms, as evidenced by the detection of an endogenous bacteremia in up to 85% of infected calves during the first 5 days after infection. The occurrence of detectable bacteremia correlated with the period of leukopenia and depression of lymphocyte responses to mitogens. Noninoculated control animals, reinoculated immune calves, or calves inoculated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus yielded consistently negative cultures. Bacillus spp were isolated in almost all calves. Similar organisms were isolated from the blood of normal calves when medium containing sodium poly-anetholesulfonate was used for culture. It was concluded that bovine viral diarrhea virus infection depressed the normal defense mechanisms, presumably humoral factors or phagocytic function, resulting in uninhibited blood circulation of bacteria during infection. PMID- 7258770 TI - Experimentally induced arthritis of the equine carpus: histologic and histochemical changes in the articular cartilage. AB - Arthritis was experimentally induced in the intercarpal joints of a series of mature ponies by the intraarticular injections of 400 microgram of the polyene antibiotic filipin in 1 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide. Twelve consecutive weekly injections were administered and the ponies were euthanatized 4 weeks after the last injection of filipin was made. The ponies were exercised for 1 hour each day throughout the experiment. Articular cartilage specimens from 4 sites in each intercarpal joint were examined histologically and histo-chemically. For the histochemical examination, safranin O-fast green, Alcian blue in 0.4 M and 0.9 M MgCl2 and Alcian blue 0.9 M MgCl2-Van Gieson matrical staining techniques were used. Decalcified sagittal sections of selected carpi were also examined histologically. There was superficial fibrillation with chondrocyte necrosis in the articular cartilage specimens of the joints. This was accompanied by loss of histochemical staining of the amorphous intercellular matrix, which was attributed to loss of glycosaminoglycans. There were hypertrophy of remaining chondrocytes and chondrone formation. On examination of decalcified sections of carpi, both exostoses and marginal osteophytosis was observed. There was evidence of both intramembraneous and endochondral osteogeneses in the exostoses. The pathologic changes seen in the experimental model were compared with those observed in the naturally occurring disease. It was concluded that the changes were comparable with the early changes of degenerative joint disease in the horse. PMID- 7258772 TI - Antibody and delayed hypersensitivity responses of neonatal calves delivered from protein-restricted dams. AB - The effects of moderate maternal protein restriction on in vivo humoral and cell mediated immune responses of bovine neonates were studied. Hereford heifers were fed protein-adequate or protein-restricted rations for the last 150 days of gestation and for 6 months after parturition. At birth, all calves from these heifers were allowed to remain with their dams and were inoculated with tetanus toxoid (TT) and an emulsion of tuberculoproteins and trehalose dimycolate (cord factor) of Mycobacterium bovis. One month later, blood samples were collected from all calves, and sera were examined for antibodies to TT. The calves were given a 2nd inoculation of TT, and anamnestic antibody responses were measured 7 days later. Differences in primary or secondary antibody responses were not observed between principal and control groups of calves. Also, differences in tuberculin reactivity were not observed in calves from cows fed protein-adequate or protein-restricted diets. PMID- 7258773 TI - Surface rippling of the lower left flank of the cow: mirror of ruminal motility. AB - A detailed description is given of 5 types of surface ripples occurring on the ventral part of the lateral abdominal region of the healthy dairy cow. Results of endoruminal palpation and concurrent visual observation of healthy cows which have permanent ruminal fistulae indicate that the more apparent ripples are due to the movements and changes in tension of the underlying cranial and caudal parts of the left longitudinal pillar and the left accessory pillar of the rumen. The ripples occur during both the primary (or mixing) cycle and the secondary (or eructation) cycle of ruminal motility. The cause of the rising and sinking of the left paralumbar fossa is discussed, and a correlation is made between their occurrence and that of the surface rippling. The possible clinical significance of the rippling is considered. PMID- 7258774 TI - Morphologic characteristics of the epithelial surface of aggregated lymphoid follicles (Peyer's patches) in the small intestine of newborn gnotobiotic calves and pigs. AB - Scanning electron microscopic studies of the dome epithelium of aggregated lymphoid follicles (Peyer's patches) of gnotobiotic newborn calves and pigs revealed distinct characteristics. The dome epithelium in the calves was characterized by a uniform population of lymphoepithelial cells (M cells). These cells were columnar, with a luminal surface that bulged toward the intestinal lumen forming intercellular crevices. Bovine M cells were covered by densely packed blunt microvilli that were irregular, short and thick and that differed from microvilli of absorptive epithelial cells. The dome epithelium in the pigs had 2 distinct cell populations. The majority had surface characteristics indistinguishable from those of ordinary absorptive epithelial cells. Interspersed among the absorptive-like epithelial cells were numerous M cells with distinctive surface morphologic characteristics. Porcine M cells were covered by densely packed, long microvilli that were irregular and thick and that projected above the microvilli of adjacent epithelial cells. The epithelium of aggregated lymphoid follicles in calves differed from that of primates and rodents. The organization of the dome epithelium in pigs resembled that of rodents. However, the surface morphologic features of porcine M cells were unlike that of rodents and human beings. PMID- 7258775 TI - Bronchoalveolar washing cells and immunoglobulins of clinically normal calves. PMID- 7258776 TI - Effect of Rush pins on the distal femoral growth plate of young dogs. AB - Rush pins were placed in the distal portion of the left femur in 15 young (4 months old) mongrel dogs. Microscopic evaluation of the growth plate showed closure beginning 1 month after the pins were implanted and complete closure occurring a month earlier than in the control (right) femur. The left femurs had a mean decrease in length of 22 mm compared with the length of the control femurs at the time of growth plate closure. When the Rush pins were removed 1 month after implantation, the growth plate regained normal microscopic appearance and difference in femur lengths (left vs right) did not occur. Tibial length did not change relative to femur length. Recommendations are made about the use of Rush pins in young dogs. PMID- 7258777 TI - Computerized tomography of brain tumors of the rostral and middle fossas in the dog. AB - Computerized tomography (CT) was used to assess spontaneously occurring brain tumors of the rostral and middle fossas in the dog. Six dogs were used to illustrate the efficacy of CT as a noninvasive diagnostic procedure. Tumors were characterized on CT scans by density changes, presence of edema or calcification, displacement of normal anatomic landmarks, and contrast enhancement after injection of an iodinated contrast material. In terms of CT appearance, there were a number of morphologic similarities between human and canine brain tumors. PMID- 7258778 TI - Orientation and configuration of vectorcardiographic QRS loops from normal cats. AB - The orientations (angles) of mean QRS vectors were manually calculated from scaler orthogonal leads (I, aVf, V10; X, Y, Z) and from X-Y oscilloscope recordings from cats injected with ketamine and acetylpromazine. Those angles calculated from individually recorded leads (I, aVf, and V10) were from cats in right lateral and sternal recumbency. Leads, X, Y, and Z were recorded simultaneously from cats in the sternal recumbency. The oscilloscope recordings were derived from the X, Y, and Z leads. Arithmetic and maximal measurements from ECG scaler leads and maximal and half-area measurements from oscilloscopic recordings were used for calculations. Recordings from 15 cats and from 1 cat 15 times. Based on visual inspection of scattergrams, the X, Y, and Z vectors were not different in orientation from I, aVf, and V10 vectors. Orientation of oscilloscopic vectors were more variable than orientations of vectors calculated from scaler leads. Body position of the cat during recording did not affect mean values of angles derived from leads I, aVf, and V10. Type of measurements did not affect mean values. Variation of orientation was greater among cats than for the intraindividual vector orientations. Configuration and direction of QRS loops from 27 normal cats were also recorded. The greatest variation in loop configuration was in the frontal plane. PMID- 7258779 TI - Influence of norethindrone on lipid metabolism and cholelithiasis in rabbits. AB - Rabbits were fed a purified ration containing 15% lard and were killed and examined at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. One group (group II) was given (treated) norethindrone in the ration (10 mg/kg of ration). There were no treatment effects noted on hepatic weight, percentages of dry matter and ether extract in liver, and hepatic cholesterol concentrations; however, there were some changes in the hepatic fatty acid percentages at some observation times. The occurrence and severity of cholelithiasis were not influenced by the treatment, but gallstone formation was pronounced in the 2 groups (ration alone, ration with added norethindrone) by the 4th weeks. The thoracic aorta did not reveal treatment effects as to weight and percentages of dry matter and ether extract, but the aortic cholesterol concentration was greater in the nontreated group than in the group fed the ration with the added norethindrone. Increased thoracic aortic weights were noted in both groups by the 4th week. Examinations and analyses of the adipose deposits forming the kidney pads did not reveal influences of time or treatment. PMID- 7258781 TI - Refractoriness of both uterus and mammary gland of the cow to prostaglandin F2 alpha administration:P clinical application. AB - Uterine and mammary pressure changes were simultaneously measured in lactating nonpregnant cows injected (IV) with different doses (0.1 to 32.0 mg) of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). The total work of the uterus increased up to 250% of base-line value as the dose of PGF2 alpha was increased. But, a dose response relationship was not seen in the uterus. Partial refractoriness was developed in the uterus, and total refractoriness was developed in the mammary gland. Further challenge with oxytocin (30 U) elicited significant responses in both the uterus and the mammary gland. Because of the development of refractoriness and side effects, PGF2 alpha is not recommended as a drug to be used when mechanical evacuation (free of endocrine effect) of the uterus or mammary gland (or both) is indicated. PMID- 7258780 TI - Heat- and cold-stress suppresses in vivo and in vitro cellular immune responses of chickens. AB - The influence of hot and cold ambient temperatures on cellular immune responses of chickens was assessed, utilizing dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact sensitivity, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin test, and PHA-stimulated, whole blood lymphocyte transformation assays. Dinitrofluorobenzene- and PHA-induced wattle swelling were reduced (P less than 0.05) in birds exposed to air temperatures of 36 degrees C for 1 C for 5 days when compared with wattle swelling in chickens maintained at 26 C. The PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation, as measured by tritiated thymidine uptake, was also suppressed (P less than 0.05) in chickens exposed to either heat or cold stress for 5 days. Some breed differences were observed. These data demonstrated that chronic heat and cold stress impaired expression of contact sensitivity in vivo and proliferation of T lymphocytes in vitro in the avian species. Synthesis of antibodies to sheep RBC on day 5 after antigen injection was not altered (P greater than 0.05) when birds were vaccinated 24 hours before the start of thermal stress. This indicated that B cell and T-helper cell functions were not compromised by chronic thermal stress. However, New Hampshire birds that were heat-stressed had higher (P less than 0.05) antibody titers than control birds 10 days after vaccination. PMID- 7258783 TI - Clinical chemistry of anaplasmosis: blood chemical changes in infected mature cows. AB - The clinical chemical changes induced by Anaplasma marginale infection were determined in 16 adult, intact cows infected with either of 2 virulent isolates and in 8 others treated with a live sheep-attenuated A marginale vaccine and were compared with the clinical chemical analyses in 7 noninfected controls. Blood samples from the cows were analyzed for various serum components and during clinical disease. Cows infected with the 2 virulent isolates had maximum erythrocyte parasitemias (0.5% to 66%) between 1 and 11 days of patency (DP); 7 of the 16 infected animals died within 5 to 12 DP. Cows given the sheep attenuated anaplasma vaccine had maximum parasitemias (0.1% to 4.2%) between 1 and 16 DP and none died. Infection with the virulent isolates produced severe anemia (mean RBC count = about 2 million/mm3) and caused increases in serum total bilirubin (TBILI), direct bilirubin (DBILI), serum urea nitrogen (SUN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) that were significantly higher than comparable changes in control values. These increases were highest after peak parasitemias in surviving animals. Vaccination with the attenuated isolate produced a mild anemia (mean RBC count = about 5 million/mm3) and a significant increase only in ALP. Marked increase in TBILI, DBILI, SUN, ALP, and AST were detected 0 to 1 day before death in 3 cows. However, such increases were not observed 2 to 4 days before death in the other cows that died. PMID- 7258782 TI - Anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole against inhibited larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi. AB - Albendazole was evaluated for its efficacy against inhibited early 4th-stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi for the 3rd consecutive year (April 1979) in naturally infected yearling beef cattle. Mean numbers of O ostertagi developmental stages in 10 nontreated controls were: adults, 11,485; developing 4th-stage larvae, 1,370; and early 4th-stage larvae, 51,500. The mean proportion of inhibited early 4th-stage larvae was 76.8%. Small numbers of Haemonchus sp and Trichostrongylus axei were uniformly present in the controls. At a dosage level of 7.5 mg/kg of body weight in a group of 10 cattle, the percentage of reduction in comparison with controls was: O ostertagi adults, 93.5; developing 4th-stage larvae, 53.4; developing 4th-stage larvae, 30.8. Percentage of reduction against Haemonchus sp and T axei adults was 94.5 and 100.0, respectively. At the larger dosage of 10.0 mg/kg in 10 cattle, percentage of reduction was: O ostertagi adults, 94.8; developing 4th-stage larvae, 18.6. Percentage of reduction against Haemonchus sp and T axei adults was 100.0 for both species. Considerable variability of efficacy against inhibited larvae, as well as developing 4th-stage larvae in half of the animals of each treatment group, was responsible for the poor reductions. Clinical signs of toxicosis were not observed after administration of albendazole. PMID- 7258784 TI - Clinical chemistry of anaplasmosis: comparative serum protein changes elicited by attenuated and virulent Anaplasma marginale isolates. AB - In a comparative study of the clinical chemical changes during Anaplasma marginale infection, 16 intact mature cows were infected with either of 2 virulent isolates. Eight others were treated with a live A marginale vaccine (sheep-attenuated) and 7 were maintained as controls. Before and during patency, samples of blood from the cows were analyzed for total WBC, parasitemia, card test titer (CTT), total protein, albumin, and globulin fractions. In the cows inoculated with virulent isolates, albumin was significantly depressed throughout patency, whereas gamma-globulins and WBC were increased after peak parasitemia, as well as during recovery. The CTT was highest immediately after peak parasitemia. A significant increase was not observed in beta-globulin. Seven of the 16 infected cows died, but no consistent patterns of change in serum protein fractions or WBC could be associated with mortality. The 8 cows vaccinated with the attenuated isolate showed a significant mean decrease in albumin throughout patency, but no significant mean increase in alpha- or beta-globulin. A mean increase in gamma-globulin was observed only during the recovery period. The CTT increased gradually throughout patency, peaking during the recovery period. A significant mean increase over control in WBC count was observed only during rising parasitemia. PMID- 7258785 TI - Chronic catheterization of coronary sinus in large domestic animals. AB - A technique was developed for long-term catheterization of the coronary sinus in calves and ponies. A catheter with a 10 to 12 cm-long stiff segment was implanted via right lateral thoracotomy. Catheters were kept patent up to 10 weeks after the surgical procedure. At that time, location of the catheter tip was confirmed both by determining oxygen tension of the anaerobically sampled blood and by radiography. Base-line values of oxygen venous blood of non-anesthetized calves and ponies are reported. PMID- 7258786 TI - Chemotherapeutic effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose against respiratory syncytial viral infection in calves. PMID- 7258787 TI - Relationship of sulfamethazine in swine diets and resultant tissue concentrations, using Tishler and gas liquid chromatographic methods. AB - Sulfamethazine (110 mg/kg of feed) was fed to 4 groups of pigs for 10 days. Each group was then fed withdrawal rations containing 0, 1.1, 11.0, or 110.0 mg/kg of feed for 10 days before slaughter. A 5th group was fed a sulfamethazine-free diet only. Fat, kidney, liver, and muscle from each pig were analyzed by several laboratories, using the Tishler Bratton-Marshall (BM) and gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) methods. Mean background (BG) amounts of sulfamethazine, as measured in control tissues, were essentially negligible using GLC; however, BM BG values (mean +/- SD), expressed as milligrams of sulfamethazine per kilogram of edible animal tissue (ppm) were: fat 0.019 +/- 0.003, kidney 0.048 +/- 0.012, liver 0.053 +/- 0.034, and muscle 0.018 +/- 0.017. Regression of tissue sulfamethazine on feed sulfamethazine, as measured by GLC and BM adjusted for BM BG values, yielded essentially linear plots. Values obtained by GLC and corrected BM were highly correlated, but the variability was higher, using GLC. The linear model predicted that the dietary sulfamethazine required to produce 0.1 ppm in liver as measured by the BM, BM-BG, and GLC were 1.6, 2.8, and 3.4 ppm, respectively. The concentrations necessary to produce 0.1 ppm in muscle were 5.3, 6.2, and 5.5 ppm. The thin-layer chromatographic method of screening swine plasma was a good predictor of tissue sulfamethazine values. PMID- 7258790 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of experimentally induced pyelonephritis in the rat. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe epithelial and inflammatory changes in kidneys of rats during Corynebacterium renale-induced experimental ascending pyelonephritis. Bacteria were not observed adhering to pelvic epithelium, although there was evidence of cell sloughing. Bacteria was observed in the interstitium of the renal medulla. Bacteria, when present in the tubular lumen, were associated with discontinuities in cell membranes. Phagocytic cells appeared in the interstitium and phagocytosis was evident in the renal medulla. PMID- 7258789 TI - Seasonal variations and the effects of age on serum copper and zinc values in the dog. AB - Age-related changes in serum copper and zinc concentrations were evaluated in approximately 800 Beagle dogs. A 20% increase with age was established for both elements. Seasonal variation was also found to have a marked effect on serum zinc with the values positively correlated to ambient temperature. In contrast, serum copper was not affected by temperature. Hemolysis, but not lipemia, was found to affect analytical results. PMID- 7258788 TI - Cytogenic analysis of preimplantation blastocysts from prepuberal gilts treated with gonadotropins. AB - Metaphase chromosomes were examined in 10-day-old embryos collected from prepuberal gilts that had been induced to ovulate, using a combination of 200 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and 400, 600, or 800 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) followed 72 hours later by 500 IU of HCG. A repeatable, reliable method was developed for the processing of early porcine embryos in the hatched spherical blastocyst stage for cytogenetic analysis. Of 170 embryos recovered and processed from 21 gilts, 169 yielded analyzable metaphase cells for determination of somatic cell chromosome number for an overall success rate of 99.4%. All embryos were diploid (2n = 38) in chromosomal constitution, and although isolated tetraploid (4n = 76) and octaploid (8n = 152) cells were found, true triploid or other polyploid embryos were not present. The absence of these aberrations indicated that at the dosage levels tested, the hormone PMSG did not cause an increase in occurrence of polyploidy in porcine blastocysts present at day 10 of gestation. Analyses showed no significant (P less than 0.05) increase in numbers of corpora lutea or embryos at day 10 of gestation in gilts treated with these PMSG dosage levels. PMID- 7258791 TI - Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racing thoroughbreds: a preliminary study. AB - Of 235 Thoroughbred racehorses examined with a flexible fiberoptic endoscope within 2 hours of racing to determine the frequency of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), 103 (43.8%) had various degrees of hemorrhage in the tracheal lumen. Two of these horses (0.8%) subsequently had blood flow from the nostrils. Blood seemed to originate from the lung. Statistical analysis of frequency data for 191 horses which finished in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd places did not show any relationship between EIPH and horse's age, sex, or finishing position. However, a trend toward an increased frequency of EIPH with age was shown, by a greater proportion of horses 5 years and older having EIPH. This trend is thought to reflect the chronicity of the pulmonary lesions and an inability of the lung to repair damaged regions while training and racing continued. The efficacy of furosemide for the treatment of EIPH was questioned, since 30 of 56 furosemide treated horses which were examined had evidence of pulmonary hemorrhage. Nineteen (8%) horses had visible functional abnormalities of the upper respiratory tract. PMID- 7258792 TI - Plasma clot-promoting effect of collagen in relation to collagen-platelet interaction. AB - The hemostatic function of several acid-soluble collagen preparations and a fibrillar-form collagen preparation have been compared. Pepsin-treated acid soluble collagen isolated from burro and horse aortic tissue and acid-soluble collagen isolated from human umbilical cord readily promoted platelet aggregation, but failed to activate the coagulation mechanism even after prolonged incubation with plasma at 37 C. By contrast, fibrillar-form collagen isolated from burro aorta was both an efficient stimulant for the induction of platelet aggregation and a potent clot-promoting agent. Similar results were found for all the collagen preparations irrespective of whether the studies were conducted with sheep or with burro plasma. Heat denaturation studies showed that the hemostatic function of the fibrillar-form collagen was dependent on an intact triple-helical structure. PMID- 7258794 TI - Effects of cream on bactericidal and metabolic functions of bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils. AB - The effects of cream on the bactericidal capacity and on selected metabolic characteristics of bovine blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were examined in vitro. These properties were also compared in blood PMN and PMN isolated from milk. Addition of 4% cream to the incubation medium reduced killing of Staphylococcus aureus by blood PMN. The PMN from milk were as bactericidal as blood PMN when incubated in a synthetic medium without cream. Cream reduced the phagocytosis-induced increment in O2 uptake in blood PMN. Compared to blood PMN in the absence of cream, PMN isolated from milk had reduced O2 uptake during phagocytosis. In all PMN preparations [14C]CO2 production from [1-14C]glucose and [6-14C]glucose was increased during phagocytosis. Rates of [14C]CO2 conversion from [1-C14]glucose were not significantly different among blood PMN, blood PMN plus cream, and milk PMN. Cream reduced [14C]CO2 conversion from [6-14C]glucose by blood PMN; milk PMN converted even less [6-14C]glucose to [14C]CO2 than did blood PMN in the presence of cream. Cream added to blood PMN preparations in the absence of other phagocytizable particles increased O2 uptake, increased (nonsignificantly) [14C]CO2 conversion from [1-14C]glucose, and reduced conversion from [6-14C]glucose. These studies confirm that cream reduces the bactericidal capacity of bovine PMN and reveal cream-induced alterations in selected metabolic pathways during phagocytosis. They show also that cream itself, in the absence of bacteria, alters PMN metabolism. PMID- 7258793 TI - Pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects of methylphenidate in Thoroughbred horses. AB - In horses given (rapid IV) methylphenidate (Ritalin, alpha-phenyl-2 piperidinacetic acid methyl ester; 0.70 mg/kg), plasma concentrations of the drug decreased rapidly at first, with an apparent alpha half-life of about 19 minutes, and then more slowly, with an apparent beta half-life of about 2.4 hours. These data were well fitted by a 2-compartment open model. In blood, about 40% of the methylphenidate present was in the plasma fraction, and of this, about 80% was plasma-protein bound. If given by subcutaneous or IM injection, plasma concentrations of methylphenidate peaked in about 1 hour and were no longer detectable (cleared) from plasma by 6 hours. Urinary clearance time, however, was longer, and between 12 and 24 hours should be allowed for a dose of methylphenidate to "clear" from urine. Using a variable-interval responding apparatus, methylphenidate was shown to stimulate the responding rate of horses up to 6 times above base line, making it the most potent central stimulant tested in this responding apparatus to date. Peak central stimulation at 30 minutes after IV dosing was seen in horses given 0.4 to 1.0 mg of methylphenidate/kg. PMID- 7258795 TI - Total and differential cell counts in secretions of the nonlactating bovine mammary gland. AB - Total cell counts and differential patterns in secretion of 52 mammary quarters of 23 Holstein-Friesian cows were determined at intervals in the early dry and the pre- and postpartum periods. Each sample was cultured to determine infection status of the gland. Twelve quarters remained noninfected, and 10 quarters were infected throughout the test period. Patterns of bacterial isolation from the remaining 30 quarters indicated that transient or intermittent infections had occurred. In secretions of noninfected quarters, geometric mean cell counts increased from 3.6 x 10(5) cells/ml on the last day of lactation to 1.8 x 10(7) cells/ml by the 7th day of the dry period. Total cell concentration remained high through most of the dry period; counts decreased in the prepartum period and reached a level of 2.8 x 10(5)/ml by the 6th day after parturition. Macrophages were the predominant cell type through most of the dry period. The proportion of neutrophils was high initially, decreased as the dry period progressed, and tended to increase as parturition approached, whereas that of lymphocytes increased during involution and then decreased near parturition. In secretions from persistently infected quarters, concentrations of total cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes were higher at all sampling times than in secretions from noninfected quarters. Neutrophils were the predominant cell type in infected secretions at all sampling times. Peak cell concentrations of 8.5 x 10(7)/ml in infected quarters were reached in the immediate prepartum period. PMID- 7258796 TI - Effects of maternal nutritional restriction and cold stress on young calves: clinical condition, behavioral reactions, and lesions. PMID- 7258797 TI - Cell-mediated and humoral immune response in swine after vaccination and natural infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. AB - Litters of pigs were vaccinated with inactivated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae organisms in Freund's complete adjuvant. The cell-mediated and humoral immune response following vaccination was investigated, and the protective effect of the induced immunity was assayed. The cell-mediated immune response to whole M hyopneumoniae organisms was determined as incorporation of tritiated thymidine, using a microculture system. After vaccination, detectable sensitization of peripheral blood lymphocytes was induced. The inoculations induced considerable antibody titers in the animals. The animals were challenged exposed by natural infection and protective effect of the cell-mediated or humoral response could not be detected. PMID- 7258798 TI - Induction of lesions of selenium-vitamin E deficiency in weanling swine fed silver, cobalt, tellurium, zinc, cadmium, and vanadium. AB - Forty-two weanling pigs were allotted to 7 groups and fed (for 10 weeks) a commercial ration that was adequate in selenium and vitamin E (Se-E) content, either alone or with supplements of Ag (3,000 mg/kg of feed, as acetate), Co (500 mg/kg, as chloride), Te (500 mg/kg, as tetrachloride), Zn (3,000 mg/kg, as sulfate), Cd (500 mg/kg, as sulfate), or V (200 mg/kg, as vanadate). The pigs fed the Ag supplement died after 25 to 39 days and had lesions characteristic of Se-E deficiency with accumulations of serous transudates in body cavities and hepatic and cardiac necrosis. In the pigs fed the Ag supplement, there was high hepatic Se content terminally; blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity decreased to low levels several weeks before the pigs died with lesions of Se-E deficiency. Macroscopic lesions of Se-E deficiency were not found in pigs fed Co, Te, Zn, Cd, or V. However, evidence of Se-E deficiency, as indicated by microscopically detected necrosis of cardiac and skeletal muscle, was present in 50% to 65% of the pigs fed Co or Te and occasionally in pigs fed Zn, Cd, and V supplements. The pigs fed Te had marked decrease of blood GSH-Px activity over the last 6 weeks of the feeding period. No consistently abnormal values for blood GSH-Px activity or terminal hepatic Se content were observed in pigs fed Co, Zn, Cd, or V. The pigs fed the Zn supplement grew as rapidly as the control pigs. Evidence of V toxicosis was observed as severe growth suppression, mortality, and marked enteritis and cystitis (with accompanying hydroureter in 1 pig). PMID- 7258799 TI - Biochemical and coagulation changes in a canine model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. AB - Acute necrotizing (hemorrhagic) pancreatitis was induced in 12 dogs by infusing oleic acid into their pancreatic ducts. There were decreases in blood pH, complement, antithrombin III, blood platelets, 24- and 48-hour plasminogen, and 24-hour haptoglobin and modest decreases in serum albumin. There were increases in fibrinogen, 48- to 120-hour haptoglobin, and 96-hour and 120-hour plasminogen and prolongations of prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times. The latter 2 changes together with decreases in antithrombin III, platelet numbers, and complement were indicative of consumption coagulopathy. A clinically innocuous but statistically significant decrease in serum total and ionized calcium despite significant acidosis was noted. This indicates that serum total and ionized calcium is helpful in making the diagnosis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Methemalbuminemia of 6 mg/dl at 24 hours and 7 mg/dl at 48 hours indicates that methemalbuminemia is a valuable diagnostic and prognostic finding in association with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. PMID- 7258802 TI - Anatomy of the beagle in cross-section: head and neck. AB - The transverse anatomy of the head and neck of the Beagle was studied. Cross sectional preparations were photographed and compared with computerized tomographic scans, freshly prepared dissection specimens, and with skeletal preparations. Anatomic structures were identified by these means with the aid of anatomy texts. A series of labeled photographs were provided as a basis for interpretation of computerized tomography scans. PMID- 7258801 TI - Adverse effects of open indwelling urethral catheterization in clinically normal male cats. PMID- 7258800 TI - Complications of bladder distension during retrograde urethrography. AB - A severe, ulcerative cystitis that resulted in macroscopic hematuria occurred in 8 of 20 healthy dogs undergoing a series of diagnostic tests. Four of the remaining 12 dogs had mild bladder lesions consisting of submucosal edema and hemorrhage. Nine of the 20 dogs developed urinary tract infection after the procedures. These complications seemed associated with the radiographic technique of retrograde urethrography performed when the urinary bladder was distended. To test this hypothesis, retrograde urethrography was performed on 5 additional dogs. With the bladder undistended, no complications occurred. However, distention of these same dogs' bladders for 1 minute or less with sterile lactated Ringer's solution administered through a Foley catheter in the penile urethra resulted in a macroscopic hematuria in all 5 dogs which persisted for 24 hours. A microscopic hematuria continued for 5 days. One dog developed a bacterial urinary tract infection. A severe fibrinopurulent cystitis was present at necropsy of 2 dogs 2 days after distention. The morphologic changes in the bladder gradually diminished over 7 days, but mild submucosal edema and hemorrhage were still present when 2 dogs were necropsied, 7 days after distention. These studies indicated that retrograde urethrography in dogs may be complicated by hemorrhagic cystitis and urinary tract infection if performed with urinary bladder distention. PMID- 7258803 TI - Electrophysiologic studies of a combination of secobarbital and dibucaine for euthanasia of dogs. AB - A combination of secobarbital and dibucaine was compared with secobarbital and with dibucaine, given IV, for euthanasia of dogs. The secobarbital-dibucaine combination was the most effective, as determined by latency to electrical silence of the EEG and ECG, as well as by visual observation of the behavior of the animal. The combination product produced a quiet and rapid death, according to all electrophysiologic changes that were monitored, whereas the barbiturate resulted in prolonged myocardial activity. Dibucaine alone is not desirable for use for euthanasia. PMID- 7258804 TI - Specular microscopic observations of clinically normal feline corneal endothelium. AB - Endothelial specular microscopy and pachometry were performed on right and left eyes of 11 anesthetized young adult American Shorthair cats with clinically normal eyes. Endothelial cells of the central cornea formed a mosaic-like pattern of hexagonal cells 15 to 20 microns in diameter; the average number of cells per millimeter2 was 2,668 +/- 211 SD. Corneal thickness was 0.56 mm +/- 0.06 SD. PMID- 7258805 TI - Hypothermia and its prevention during general anesthesia in cats. AB - Cats (n = 66) were evaluated in a retrospective clinical study to determine if there were any consistent patterns predisposing them to hypothermia during general anesthesia. There were no differences between any of the anesthetic techniques evaluated, between different body weights, or between different surgical procedures, with regard to the degree of hypothermia developed. Four cats were evaluated with regard to the efficacy of several techniques to maintain or restore body temperature during pentobarbital anesthesia. A circulating warm water blanket cocooning the subject was most effective. Placing the animal on a circulating warm-water blanket under a 250-W infrared heat lamp, or under a hot water bottle heat tent was effective, whereas cocooning in hand towels or a space blanket were ineffective. PMID- 7258806 TI - Comparison of a microtitration complement-fixation test and a tube latex agglutination test for diagnosis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae swine pneumonia. AB - Comparison of a tube latex agglutination (LA) test and a microtitration complement-fixation (CF) test for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae swine pneumonia was done. In a group of 107 pigs from Iowa, Texas, and California (survey A), correlation of data on microscopic pulmonary changes with the LA and CF titers indicated the LA test might be a better indicator of microscopic lesions than the CF test. In another field study involving lungs from 50 pigs from various herds (survey B), both LA and CF test results predicted gross lesions at a 0.01 significance level, using chi-square analysis. Data from 3 Nebraska swine herds (survey C) indicated good correlation of gross and microscopic pulmonic lesions with CF and LA test results in 2 of the 3 herds. In the 3rd herd, results of the CF test failed to agree with either gross and microscopic pulmonic lesions or culture results, whereas LA test results closely correlated with these variables. Chi-square analysis at 0.5 significance level of 106 pigs from 5 Iowa specific-pathogen-free herds (survey D) indicated a correlation of CF and LA test results with the microscopic pulmonic changes of penmates. PMID- 7258807 TI - Survey of porcine parvovirus infection in swine fetuses and their dams at a Minnesota abattoir. AB - Reproductive tracts were recovered from 209 sow and 32 gilt carcasses at slaughter; animals had been pregnant not less than 27 days. Of 241 litters examined, 28 (11.6%) contained one or more porcine parvovirus (PPV)-infected fetuses, as determined by immunofluorescent microscopy. The frequencies in sow and gilt litters were 12.0% and 9.4%, respectively. The PPV antigen was detected in 219 of 334 (65.6%) dead or mummified fetuses and in 12 of 2,172 (0.5%) live fetuses examined. The 18 litters which contained only dead or mummified fetuses were infected with PPV. As the percentage of litter mummification increased, the likelihood of finding PPV increased. The PPV antibody was detected in ovarian follicular fluids of 94.3% of the sows and 78.1% of the gilts. These findings indicate that PPV is highly associated with fetal mummification and that some pregnant gilts and sows are susceptible to infection. PMID- 7258808 TI - Indirect solid-phase microradioimmunoassay for detection of Ascaris suum antibodies in swine sera. AB - Antibodies to Ascaris suum have been detected and quantitated in sera of swine orally inoculated with eggs of A suum, using an indirect solid-phase microradioimmunoassay. Antibody titer of 1:640 to 1:10,240 were quantitated, using purified and crude ascarid antigens in the assays. Swine sera from 71 of 72 farm herds located in 37 counties in Nebraska had at least 1 serum of the 7 tested with a titer equal to or greater than 1:20. A total of 437 sera were positive and 67 negative (ie, less than 1:20 titer). Six positive sera selected at random had titers of 1:640 to 1:5,120. PMID- 7258809 TI - Relative efficacies of pyrantel tartrate and pyrantel citrate against Oesophagostomum sp in swine. AB - The relative efficacies of pyrantel tartrate and of pyrantel citrate against Oesophagostomum sp in swine were evaluated in a controlled-critical study and the efficacy of pyrantel citrate in a field trial. In the controlled-critical study, pigs naturally infected with Oesophagostomum dentatum were either not treated or were treated with pyrantel citrate or pyrantel tartrate at a dosage of 510 mg of free pyrantel base/kg of feed. Six days later, the pigs were necropsied, adult O dentatum was recovered and counted, and fecal samples were examined for helminth eggs. The efficacies of pyrantel citrate and pyrantel tartrate were each 100% based on fecal egg counts and numbers of adults at necropsy. The field trial was conducted in a similar manner except that pyrantel citrate only was tested against a control group on the basis of fecal egg counts made both at the beginning and at the termination of the trial. In this study pyrantel citrate was found to reduce Oesophagostomum sp egg counts by 89.4%. PMID- 7258810 TI - Blastogenic response of swine lymphocytes in whole blood, purified blood, spleen cell, and lymph node cell cultures with concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. AB - Microcultures of swine whole blood, purified blood lymphocytes (PBL), spleen cells, and lymph node (LN) cells were tested for stimulation by concanavalin A (conA) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). A cell concentration of 2 x 10(6)/ml and a 1:20 dilution of whole blood were needed for optimal stimulation of conA and PHA. Optimal stimulation of whole blood lymphocytes (WBL) and LN cells was obtained by 20 micrograms of conA/ml, but 10 micrograms/ml of this mitogen was adequate for spleen cells. The PBL and LN cells were optimally stimulated by 20 microliters of PHA/ml, but 80 microliters and 40 microliters/ml of this mitogen were required for stimulating the whole blood and spleen cells, respectively. Four days' incubation was needed for maximal blastogenesis of WBL with conA. This could be achieved after 3 days' incubation with PBL and spleen and LN cells. Whole blood and spleen cells were stimulated by PHA after 3 days' incubation, but PBL and LN cells required 4 days' incubation. Reproducibility, sensitivity, and comparison of various cultures were discussed. PMID- 7258811 TI - Effects of maternal nutritional restriction and cold stress on young calves: absorption of colostral immunoglobulins. AB - Fifty-seven newborn calves delivered from heifers fed rations either adequate or restricted in protein or metabolizable energy were housed in cold (1 C) or normothermic (21 C) environmental chambers for 3 days to determine the effects of maternal nutritional stress and cold exposure on ability of the animals to absorb colostral immunoglobulins (Ig). In general, the serum Ig concentrations in the newborn calves from dams fed rations restricted in protein or metabolizable energy and the concentrations in sera of the respective calves from dams fed adequate protein or metabolizable energy were similar throughout the 3-day period of observation. Likewise, the serum Ig concentrations in the cold-exposed calves were similar to those in the calves kept at normothermic temperature. An exponential increase in mean serum concentrations of IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 occurred between 3 and 6 hours of age; the values continued to increase, but at a slower rate after 6 hours and reached a peak by 12 hours of age. Then, IgM and IgG2 decreased until 48 hours, after which time they increased, but IgG1 varied only slightly from the peak at 12 hours and then increased. With one exception, data indicated that neither the maternal dietary restrictions or the cold exposure imposed on the calves caused significant (P greater than 0.05) differences in absorption of colostral Ig when compared with that of the respective calves from dams fed adequate diet or the calves kept at normothermic temperature. PMID- 7258812 TI - Effect of vaccinal serum antibodies on bovine respiratory syncytial viral infection in calves. PMID- 7258813 TI - Origin an importance of increased alkaline phosphatase activity in peritoneal fluids of horses with colic. AB - The origin of increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in peritoneal fluid (PF) of horses with clinical signs of abdominal pain was investigated to determine the usefulness of measuring ALP in PF in the diagnosis of small intestinal injury. The ALP isoenzymes in PF from 10 clinically normal horses and from 50 horses with clinical signs of acute abdominal pain were analyzed for their sensitivities to inhibition by L-phenylalanine, L-homoarginine, and levamisole and to inactivation by heat (56 C, 15 minutes). The enzymes also were discriminated by their patterns of migration during polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. Of 50 horses with colic, 20 had ALP activity in PF at least 3 times the upper limit of normal. Of these 20 horses, 10 had marked increases of ALP activity in PF ranging from 10 to 150 times the mean value of activity as determined in the 10 normal horses. In the 50 horses with colic, ALP values in serum were within the normal range. In 19 of the 20 sick horses, the ALP in PF had properties different from small intestinal ALP. Of the 10 PF samples with markedly increased ALP activity, 9 had a group of properties that were unique for granulocytic ALP. The clinical diagnoses for the 10 horses with markedly increased ALP activity in PF included thromboembolic colic (4 horses), colonic torsion (2 horses), small intestinal volvulus (2 horses), peritonitis (1 horse), and salmonellosis (1 horse). Properties of the enzyme in the 10 PF samples with moderately increased ALP activity were compatible with a granulocytic origin, but insufficient enzyme concentration precluded electrophoretic confirmation of the source. The PF from 1 horse had a mixture of ALP isoenzymes derived from granulocytes and small intestinal mucosa. Of the 50 horses with colic, 6 had severe small intestinal disease without increased ALP activity in PF. Apparently, increased ALP activity in PF cannot be used as a reliable indicator of small intestinal injury in horses, because the ALP is predominantly granulocytic in origin. PMID- 7258814 TI - Surgical technique and considerations for implantation of electromagnetic blood flow transducer and occluder onto the coronary arteries. AB - A technique was developed for the implantation of an electromagnetic flow probe and vascular occluder onto the right and left coronary arteries in the calf and pony. Surgical manipulation was well tolerated in the animals. The subcutaneous housing on the peripheral ends of these devices of the lateral thoracic wall served as a maintenance-free technique for chronic exteriorization of these devices. Implantation onto the coronary arteries required a surgical technique which accomplished the prerequisites for proper flow probe function. A reactive hyperemic response was elicited in each animal by implanting an inflatable vascular occluder distal to the flow probe. The correct function of these devices postoperatively established the feasibility of this surgical technique for implanting these devices on the coronary arteries for chronic studies of coronary circulation. PMID- 7258816 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage in "Goodpasture's variant". PMID- 7258815 TI - Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Relationships of pulmonary physiology and bronchoalveolar lavage to response to treatment and prognosis. AB - A minority of patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) respond to treatment with corticosteroids. The purpose of this study was to identify factors other than histologic features that relate to responsiveness and prognosis. An analysis of 120 patients on whom data were prospectively collected is reported. The relationships between pulmonary function measurements, differential cell counts on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, physiologic response to treatment, and survival are discussed. Patients responding to treatment with corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs had more severe initial impairment of the FVC (p less than 0.0001) and a more recent onset of disease (p less than 0.001). Lavage cell counts showed that increased proportions of lymphocytes were associated with responsiveness to corticosteroids and good prognosis (p less than 0.001), whereas increased eosinophils or increased neutrophils without increased lymphocytes were associated with failure to respond (p less than 0.025), and increased eosinophils were associated with a greater likelihood or progressive deterioration (p less than 0.05). Life table comparisons of survival in different groups showed improved survival in patients responding to treatment (p less than 0.05). Among nonresponders, those with more severe impairment of the FVC had shorter survival (p less than 0.05). We concluded that physiologic and bronchoalveolar lavage data allow predictions of responsiveness to treatment and prognosis that are of practical value to clinicians. PMID- 7258817 TI - Distinguishing byssinosis from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results of a prospective five-year study of cotton mill workers in India. AB - This prospective 5-yr follow-up study of 1,241 textile workers from three mills was designed to determine the pattern and course of byssinosis in India and to distinguish this disease from chronic bronchitis. The initial prevalence of byssinosis was 14% in carding sections, 10% in spinning sections, and 11% in winding sections. In these dusty sections, the prevalences of both byssinosis and bronchitis increased with a longer service. Among workers with byssinosis; 56% had work-related and exertional dyspnea, 54% had chest tightness, 20% had wheezing, and 36% had cough. There was a history of Monday sickness in 22%. During follow-up it was confirmed that the atypical presentation of byssinosis with cough was more common in the carding department. The yearly decrease in pulmonary function was correlated with duration and degree of exposure to cotton dust. Thus, the decrease was larger in carding workers and in workers with byssinosis plus cough than in those with byssinosis or bronchitis. The yearly decrease in the one-second forced expiratory volume was different (p less than 0.05) for subjects with nonspecific chest symptoms (88 ml) and subjects with work related chest symptoms (114 ml). The decreases in forced vital capacity and one second forced expiratory volume were larger for increased dust loads. Fewer pulmonary infiltrates were seen in radiographs of workers with byssinosis than in those of workers with bronchitis. The immunoglobulins studied in 86 textiles workers and 17 control subjects showed higher IgG values among workers with work related symptoms, especially cough, but not among those with bronchitic symptoms (p less than 0.01). Our results suggested that byssinosis is an entity distinct from chronic bronchitis. PMID- 7258818 TI - Pulmonary function in acute cervical cord injury. AB - Measurements of pulmonary function were made on patients within 1 wk, 3 wk, 5 wk, 3 months, and 5 months of spinal cord injury. In patients with functionally complete transection of the cord between segment C5 and C6, the vital capacity was 30% of predicted in the first week after injury. Patients with injuries at C4 had smaller vital capacities. A significant increase in vital capacity occurred within 5 wk of injury with an approximate doubling of vital capacity 3 months after injury. Expiratory flow rates were directly dependent upon vital capacity. There was a high incidence of arterial hypoxemia, in the acute stage, even in patients with adequate ventilatory ability and normocarbia. PMID- 7258819 TI - Lung sounds in patients with emphysema. AB - We recorded an index of breath sound intensity (Ib) and the transmission of white noise (Tn) over four lung regions between apex and base in eight subjects with emphysema. The Ib and Tn were recorded over the whole range of lung volume from residual volume to total lung capacity. Each value was expressed as a fraction of the value recorded over the apical region with the help of an analog divider. The ratio of Ib to Tn was computed to correct for differences in Ib due to differences in transmission of sound. The ratio of Ib and Tn was computed to correct for differences in Ib due to differences in transmission of sound. The ratio of Ib to Tn was also expressed as a fraction of the value recorded over the apex. Both Ib and Tn had definite patterns in subjects with emphysema but varied considerably from breath to breath. The Ib and Tn were more reproducible in normal subjects. The magnitude and the sequence of Ib, Tn, and Ib/Tn were also different in subjects with emphysema and normal subjects. The ratio of Ib to Tn is an index of sound production in both normal subjects and subjects with emphysema. We conclude that both production and transmission of breath sounds vary from breath to breath in patients with emphysema. There are areas of both increased and decreased production and transmission of sound. If regional breath sound production (Ib/Tn) is related to regional ventilation in persons with emphysema as in normal subjects, these findings further suggest that regional ventilation varies from breath to breath and is also altered drastically from the normal pattern, leading to a severe ventilation and perfusion inequality so characteristic of emphysematous lungs. PMID- 7258820 TI - Effects of halothane on protein synthesis and degradation in rabbit pulmonary macrophages. AB - The effects of exposure to the volatile anesthetic halothane on the synthesis and degradation of rabbit pulmonary macrophage proteins were investigated. Protein synthesis was inhibited rapidly and reversibly when macrophages were exposed to halothane. The magnitude of the inhibition was dependent upon the dose of anesthetic and upon the composition of the medium. The effect of halothane was not associated with increased cell death or with depletion of cellular ATP. Halothane exposure did not affect the ability of the cells to degrade either endogenous proteins or exogenous bovine serum albumin. These results suggested that halothane exposure favored protein catabolism in pulmonary alveolar macrophages though an inhibition of protein synthesis with no change in protein degradation. PMID- 7258821 TI - Lobar variations in the mechanics of collateral ventilation in intact dog lungs. AB - Lobar differences in the mechanics of collateral ventilation were investigated in sublobar segments of intact dog lungs using a wedged-catheter technique. At functional residual capacity, the collateral time constant was longest in the left upper lobe and shortest in the lower lobes, with the remaining lobes having intermediate values. The time constant differences were due to lobar differences in effective segmental compliance. Atropine did not affect lobar variation in collateral ventilatory mechanics but decreased the collateral time constant as a result of a decrease in collateral resistance, indicating that airways within the segment and/or collateral pathways receive parasympathetic innervation. Slightly increasing the volume of the lobe occupied by the isolated segment decreased collateral resistance and increased effective segmental compliance but did not change the collateral time constant. PMID- 7258822 TI - The effect on respiratory drive of a prolonged physical conditioning program. PMID- 7258823 TI - Scoliosis and kyphoscoliosis. PMID- 7258824 TI - Abnormal mucociliary transport in allergic patients with antigen-induced bronchospasm: role of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis. AB - We evaluated the possible role of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) in mediating mucociliary dysfunction in allergic asthma. In 6 asymptomatic nonsmokers with ragweed asthma, we measured specific airway conductance (SGaw) and tracheal mucous velocity (TMV) before and after bronchial challenge with ragweed extract, with or without pretreatment with 0.5% and 1% FPL-55712 (SRS-A antagonist). Mean baseline TMV was 8.9 mm/min (SD, 1.1). Placebo and FPL-55712 per se had no effect on TMV. With placebo pretreatment, the doses of ragweed extract that resulted in a decrease in SGaw by more than 35% from baseline, led to an immediate decrease in TMV to 74% of baseline (p less than 0.05), returning to baseline within 2 h. With 0.5% and 1% FPL-55712 pretreatment, doses of ragweed extract that resulted in a similar decrease in SGaw led to an increase in TMV to 130% and 126% of baseline (p less than 0.05), respectively, immediately after antigen challenge and returned to baseline 2 h postchallenge. Inhalation of 1% FPL-55712 immediately after antigen challenge prevented the decrease in TMV. These results indicate that (a) SRS-A liberated during airway anaphylaxis impairs mucous transport, and (b) the antigen-induced increase in TMV after pretreatment with an SRS-A antagonist may reflect a stimulatory effect of other chemical mediators of anaphylaxis. PMID- 7258825 TI - The role of immune complexes in the pathogenesis of pleural effusions. AB - Thirty-two patients with pleural effusions (7 malignant, 5 with connective tissue disease, 5 with infections, 9 idiopathic, 6 miscellaneous) were studied to determine if immune complex formation might be involved in the pathogenesis of pleural fluid formation. Immune complexes were detected in serum, pleural fluid and in parietal pleural capillaries using direct immunofluorescence in the following groups: malignant disease (57%, 29%, 67%), connective tissue diseases (100%, 100%, 100%), infectious diseases (0%, 44%, 67%), idiopathic (67%, 44%, 75%), and miscellaneous (25%, 17%, 0%). Whereas the degree of immune complex was higher in serum than in pleural fluid in patients with malignant disease, the converse was true in patients with connective tissue diseases. Activation of C3 and properdin factor B was almost invariable in pleural fluid from patients with connective tissue disease and bacterial infections. These data suggested that pleural immune complexes are frequently associated with exudative pleural effusions. Immune complexes may lead to formation of pleural fluid by increasing capillary permeability. This may result from either a local Arthus-type reaction within the pleura, local immune complex formation within pleural fluid leading to release of inflammatory mediators, and/or deposition of circulating immune complexes in pleural vessels. PMID- 7258826 TI - Respiratory effects on household exposures to tobacco smoke and gas cooking. AB - The records of 1,724 residents of Washington County, Maryland, who had participated in 2 studies of respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function were analyzed to evaluate the effects of exposures at home to tobacco smoke generated by other members of their households and to fumes from the use of gas as a cooking fuel. Currently smoking subjects showed the highest frequency of respiratory symptoms and impaired ventilatory function; former smokers showed a lower frequency of these findings; and persons who had never smoked had the lowest prevalence of abnormal respiratory findings. The presence of a smoker in the household other than the subject was not associated with the frequency of respiratory symptoms, and only suggestively associated with evidence of impaired ventilatory function. The use of gas for cooking was related to an increased frequency of respiratory symptoms and impaired ventilatory function among men, being most marked among men who had never smoked. There was not evidence that cooking with gas was harmful to women. PMID- 7258827 TI - Lung function after marathon running at warm and cold ambient temperatures. AB - using maximal expiratory flow-volume curves we studied the effects of endurance exercise on lung function in 46 and 41 runners before and after completion of a marathon race (42.2 km) at different ambient temperatures. There was a significant decrease (-3.9%; -5.9%) in the post-race forced vital capacity in runners at each marathon. The mean values for forced expiratory volume in one second did not change. Post-race peak flow at 50% of forced vital capacity were significantly decreased in runners participating in subfreezing conditions (-2 degrees C to -4 degrees C), but were unchanged when the ambient temperature was above freezing. These data demonstrated that healthy persons may develop bronchoconstriction during endurance exercise in subfreezing temperatures. The decrement in forced vital capacity noted in marathon runners competing at above freezing temperatures may be related to fuel metabolism and running performance. PMID- 7258828 TI - Disturbed sleep and prolonged apnea during nasal obstruction in normal men. AB - Anecdotal observations suggested that poor quality of sleep is a frequent complaint during upper respiratory infections (URI). Nasal obstruction occurs frequently during URI and causes sleep apnea in some infants. Sleep apnea disrupts normal sleep and could explain the complaints of poor sleep quality during URI in adults. Accordingly, 10 normal men had full night recordings of sleep stages and breathing rhythm before and during nasal obstruction. The order of obstructed and nonobstructed nights was randomized after a standard acclimatization night. During nasal obstruction, time spent in the deep sleep stages decreased from 90 +/- 11.2 (SEM) to 71 +/- 12.9 min (p less than 0.05), whereas significantly more time was spent in Stage 1 sleep (p less than 0.03). This loss of deep sleep during obstruction was associated with a twofold increase in sleep arousals and awakening (p less than 0.01) resulting from an increased (p less than 0.02) number of apneas (34 +/-19 during control sleep versus 86 +/- 34 during obstructed sleep). Apneas of 20 to 39 s in duration became 2.5 times more frequent (p less than 0.05) during obstruction. Oxygen saturation was studied in the last 4 subjects using an ear oximeter. Desaturation (SaO2 less than 90%) occurred 27 times during control sleep compared with 255 times during obstructed sleep. These desaturation episodes occurred only during apneas. All men complained of poor sleep quality during nasal obstruction. We concluded that apneas, sleep arousals and awakenings, and loss of deep sleep occur during nasal obstruction and may explain complaints of poor sleep quality during URI. PMID- 7258829 TI - Correlation of effects of inhaled versus intratracheally injected males on susceptibility to respiratory infection in mice. AB - Effects of intratracheally administered air pollutant chemicals on susceptibility of mice to infection by aerosolized bacteria were compared with effects of the same chemical previously studied by the inhalation route. Out of 22 compounds previously studied by inhalation, the same 3 (CdSO4, CuSO4, and ZnSO4) that caused significantly increased mortality because of infection after a 3-h exposure to 1 to 2 mg/m3 showed large (greater than or equal to 40% over sham injected) mortality increases when administered by intratracheal injection at lung concentrations calculated to be equivalent to those achieved during inhalation exposures (0.6 to 1.2 microgram). Dose-effect curves of these compounds were similar by the 2 routes. Five of the compounds caused a moderate (20 to 30%) enhancement in the mean excess mortality at concentrations of 2 to 3 microgram/animal. The remaining compounds, which showed no significant effect by inhalation, also showed no effect when given by intratracheal injection. Thus, similar effects on susceptibility to lung bacterial infection were seen whether chemicals were deposited in te lung by inhalation or by intratracheal injection. PMID- 7258830 TI - Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis with extrapulmonary involvement. Clinical, pathologic, ultrastructural, and immunologic features. PMID- 7258833 TI - Emphysema associated with intravascular leukocyte sequestration. PMID- 7258832 TI - Between-technician variation in the measurement of spirometry with air and helium. AB - A study using a two-period cross-over design was conducted to determine the between-technician variation in the measurement of variables derived from spirograms with subjects breathing room air and also breathing a mixture of 80% helium and 20% oxygen (He-O2). Twenty-four subjects were allocated systematically into three 2-period cross-over studies (blocks) of 8 subjects each (4 in each sequence in each block). There were 3 technicians in the study, and the subjects in each block were tested by a pair of technicians. The following variables derived from the tracings were analyzed statistically: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) while breathing room air and also while breathing He-O2, maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (MMRF), FEV1/FVC %, and the per cent decrease in time between 60% VC and 40% VC for the spirograms comparing He-O2 with air (delta t). Analyses were performed to assess the presence of residual effects in the cross-over design, the between-technician difference in the administration of the tests, and in the interpretation of tracings. The results indicated that: (1) significant differences were observed between technicians in the administration of the tests to obtain FVC while the subjects breathed room air and while they breathed He-O2, (2) there were significant differences between the 3 technicians in the interpretation of MMFR, and (3) the between-technician variation in the administration of the tests with respect to delta t and with He-O2 in general were not significantly different from that of the other spirometric variables studied. PMID- 7258831 TI - Production of opsonins that facilitate phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae by human alveolar macrophages or neutrophils after vaccination with pneumococcal polysaccharide. PMID- 7258834 TI - Chronic persistent cough in the adult. PMID- 7258835 TI - Prolonged fever in patients treated for tuberculosis. PMID- 7258836 TI - Subcutaneous mastectomy and breast replacement: its role in the treatment of benign, premalignant, and malignant breast disease. PMID- 7258838 TI - False negative peritoneal lavage. PMID- 7258839 TI - Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm manifesting as symptomatic inguinal hernia. PMID- 7258837 TI - Transsphenoidal surgery on the pituitary. AB - Transseptal transsphenoidal hypophysectomy has evolved into a low mortality/morbidity procedure in properly selected patients. Preoperative evaluation is becoming increasingly accurate with the rapid advances in computerized axial tomography. With the lowering of operative morbidity, indications for the transsphenoidal approaches to the sella are broadening. Caution must be used when approaching pituitary tumors with extensive suprasellar components by the transsphenoidal route. PMID- 7258840 TI - Secondary aorto-enteric fistulas: prosthetic and paraprosthetic. AB - Four cases of aortoenteric and paraprosthetic-enteric fistulization are presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the distinct clinicopathologic characteristics of these two types of graft-enteric fistula which, if unrecognized, result in an almost invariably fatal outcome. Available data as well as the cases herein reported clearly demonstrate the need for a higher index of suspicion and strict adherence to well-established principles for management of complicated aortic grafts. Best results can be obtained with prompt surgical intervention, total removal of all prosthetic material and lower extremity revascularization by means of extra-anatomic bypass. PMID- 7258841 TI - Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: report of seven cases. AB - Seven cases of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis collected over a 16-year period are reported. Their clinical presentation is that of a conventional chronic inflammatory gallbladder disease. Sometimes a mass lesion is mimicked radiographically and during surgery. The distinctive tissue reaction and cholesterol content of the lesion are emphasized in this study. Chronic infection and concurrent calculi have been implicated in the pathogenesis. PMID- 7258842 TI - Intestinal manifestation of Buerger's disease: case report and literature review. AB - A case of intestinal Buerger's disease is presented and six previously reported cases are reviewed. The histological criteria for the diagnosis of intestinal Buerger's disease is discussed and the clinica presentation of these patients is summarized. No temporal relationship between the intestinal and visceral complications were found in these patients. In contrast to peripheral Buerger's disease, where the mortality rate is low, with intestinal vascular involvement 40 per cent of reported patients died in the postoperative period. PMID- 7258843 TI - Tibial arteriovenous fistula: successful use for limb salvage. AB - Embolization of atheromatous material from abdominal aortic aneurysms to the distal arterial circuit is a well-recognized clinical entity causing the "blue toe syndrome." A case is presented in which this phenomenon resulted in obliteration of the pedal arch and thrombosis of the tibial arteries. As a result, forefoot gangrene, severe leg ischemia and anterior and posterior compartment syndromes occurred. Salvage of the extremity required an extraordinary approach with the construction of an arteriovenous fistula between the posterior tibial vessels. The literature on the use of therapeutic and adjunctive arteriovenous fistulas and their physiology is discussed. PMID- 7258845 TI - [Lumbosacral agenesis. Presentation of one case. Literature review and embriological considerations (author's transl)]. AB - A case of a complete lumbosacral agenesis is presented, whose etiological factors are unknown. Clinically, motor deficit corresponded to the agenesis level, but the sensibility and the autonomous nervous system functions, which were conserved, partially, in lower levels than the normal ones in the agenesis. The case report is completed with electromiography, mielography, rectal biopsy, urography, cistography, opaque enema and inborn infection study. There are three facts: a partially conserved sensibility in the lower extremities, normal bladder function and above all, the presence of nervous parasympatics normal fibers in rectum wall, in contrast with the serious motor alteration just in the same medullar levels. Explanation of these facts suggest origin of an embryological source. It is assumed that the noxa must have acted between the third and the fourth weeks of pregnancy at a caudal cordomesoblast level, supposing that it did not affect neural crest. PMID- 7258844 TI - [Left ventricular pressure response to acute volumetric overload in congenital heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - Fifty patients with congenital heart disease were studied hemodynamically to evaluate their functionally dynamic situation. The peak systolic left ventricular pressure and the left ventricular endiastolic pressure were analyzed in basal conditions and following the volumetric overload of the left ventricular angiogram as parameters reflecting afterload and preload, respectively. Highly significant correlations were obtained among those parameters in all patients and taking in consideration different syndromic groups. Regression lines obtained from these correlations permitted to establish, in a given patient, a quantitative prediction of response to volumetric overload which can estimate qualitative situation of his ventricle into the Starling's curve. PMID- 7258846 TI - [Acute, non-lithiasic disease of the gallbladder in childhood. Acute vesicular distension]. PMID- 7258847 TI - [Pharyngeo-esophageal dysfunction (achalasia of the cricopharynx) as a cause of dysphagia and respiratory difficulty in infants]. PMID- 7258848 TI - [Fever of undetermined origin in a case of total correction of persistent truncus arteriosus with agenesis of the left pulmonary artery (author's transl)]. AB - A 19 month-old girl diagnosed of truncus arteriosus with absence of the left pulmonary artery and severe truncal valve insufficiency underwent total correction. A non previously diagnosed severe mitral insufficiency required a new operation to implant a Bjork-Shiley supraanular mitral prosthesis. The postoperative period was hemodynamically normal, except for the presence of persistent fever of unexplained origin. The clinical picture was thought to be an infectious endocarditis due to the late appearance of an aortic prosthetic leak. Because of failure to medical treatment a reoperation was performed to replace aortic prosthesis. Patient died eight hours postoperatively. Autopsy revealed a correct surgical repair, absence of endocarditis and severe miliary disseminated tuberculosis. Authors consider of interest to present this case-report due to the rarity of: a) correction of truncus with a single pulmonary artery under two years of age; b) associated mitral insufficiency; c) the presence of tuberculosis, difficult differential diagnosis with infectious endocarditis in a patient with valvular prosthesis. PMID- 7258849 TI - [Tricuspid atresia with hypoplasia of aortic isthmus in absence of transposition of great vessels (author's transl)]. AB - A case of tricuspid atresia with a concordant ventriculoarterial connection associated with hypoplasia of the aortic isthmus and malformation of left atrioventricular valve is presented. Hyoplasia of aortic isthmus in absence of transposition of great vessels was explained by a posterior deviation of infundibular septum that reduced subaortic outflow tract and created an ample bulboventricular orifice. In the left atrioventricular valve an anterolateral papillary muscle that was prolonged in a thick chorda tendineaee fused to ventricular face of the cusp up to its insertion in the atrioventricular ring was observed. A systolic murmur of high tonality compatible with regurgitation of the left atrioventricular valve and a notch that was registered in postmortem angiography were attributed to this anomalous chorda tendinea. In the posterior wall of the heart there were two descending coronary arteries. One descended fro the crux cordis; the other, to its right, adjacent ot the acute margin, followed the insertion of the trabecular septum, delimited the outlet chamber, and was anastomosed to the anterior descending coronary artery. PMID- 7258850 TI - [Ultrasound diagnosis of neonatal adrenal haemorrhage (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of neonatal adrenal haemorrhage are presented. Abdominal mass or jaundice appears in clinical study. Conventional diagnosis procedures are analyzed and advantages of abdominal echographic exploration is evaluated in order of precocious diagnosis and adequate monitoring of lesion evolution. Likewise, usefulness of ultrasounds in establishing differential diagnosis of adrenal haemorrhage in relation to other abdominal masses, important fact to save laparotomy, is emphasized. PMID- 7258851 TI - [Massive adrenal hemorrhage in a newborn infant]. PMID- 7258852 TI - [Hypocalcemic tetany caused by a phosphate enema]. PMID- 7258853 TI - [Use of naloxone in the treatment of clonazepam poisoning]. PMID- 7258854 TI - ["Apple-peel" intestine associated with multiple intestinal atresias]. PMID- 7258855 TI - [Individualization of the dosage of oral theophylline with regular increase method and serum level control in 55 asthmatic children (author's transl)]. AB - Authors have adjusted oral theophylline requirements in 55 asthmatic children, whose ages ranged from 19 months to 14 years, following a preconceived plan. The procedure is practical and useful. It's easily understood by parents and realizable in an ambulatory way. The average necessities of oral theophylline in children under nine years in their group have been lower than those signaled by other authors. This and the fact that oral requirements of theophylline in two pair of univitelin twins were identical, make the authors think that it is necessary probably to modificate protocols previously proposed for the different groups of population. PMID- 7258856 TI - Quantitative analysis of the nuclear area variation in benign and malignant breast cytology specimens. AB - The diagnostic value of the nuclear size for discriminating between benign and malignant breast lesions was studied by karyometric analysis of the nuclear area in May-Grunwald-Giemsa-stained imprints from 173 benign and 103 malignant breast lesions. The mean nuclear area, the maximum nuclear area and the percentage of nuclei larger than 200 sq micrometer discriminated between about 60% of the breast carcinomas and 95% of the benign lesions. The coefficient of variation had considerably less discriminatory power and also showed the lowest correlation with the mean nuclear area. A weak negative correlation was found between the mean nuclear area and the age of the patients with benign lesions. Carcinomas with small nuclei (area less than 110 sq micrometer) were found more frequently in patients with negative lymph nodes than in patients with positive nodes. Additional parameters for nuclear shape and texture may lead to a further objectification of nuclear pleomorphism in breast cytology specimens. PMID- 7258857 TI - Differences in the cytologic characteristics of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of normal and leukemic bovine blood lymphocytes. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from cows with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and normal control animals were examined in vitro for antibody-dependent (AD) cellular cytotoxicity. Lymphocytes from bovine CLL showed high levels of killer (K) cell activity against antibody-coated, 3H-thymidine-labeled xenogeneic L target cells, as measured by residual radioactivity. Morphologic studies of AD lymphoid cytotoxic reaction recognized in vitro by effector-target binding revealed striking differences between leukemic and healthy cattle. The total number of target-bound AD lymphocytes was increased in all CLL animals. The data obtained show that the subpopulation of Fc receptor-bearing blood lymphocytes in CLL is significantly greater than that of healthy animals. The phenomenon of multiple, multilymphocytic, effector-target cellular complexes formed during AD leukemic lymphoid cytotoxic reaction is suggested as an additional in vitro parameter in the diagnosis of CLL. PMID- 7258858 TI - Numerical analysis of cell populations in smear and monolayer preparations from the uterine cervix. I. The proportions of isolated, abnormal epithelial cells in slides from one applicator. AB - Automated screening systems with a receiver operating characteristic (R.O.C.) demand a minimum number of isolated and diagnostically relevant cells to classify cytologic specimens. Since routine Papanicolaou smears have not proven suitable for this, a new preparation procedure based on sedimentation velocity separation has been developed. A population analysis was made to assess the diagnostic relevance of the new procedure. For each of 21 histologically confirmed cases, three types of slides were made from material obtained by a single cotton-tipped applicator: (1) a routine smear and slides prepared from the (2) supernatant fraction and (3) sedimented fraction of the remaining material after suspension and separation. Results showed that only one-third of the squamous epithelial cells obtained in each case were found on the routine smear. Of those, only 39% were isolated cells, as compared with 81% of the cells in the residual (suspended) material. Further, in cases of slight and moderate dysplasia as well as carcinoma in situ, an enrichment of the number of pathologic cells was noted when comparing the sedimented fractions to the original suspensions. This would seem to prove the utility of the new preparation procedure as the basis for automated analysis based on samples instead of on single cells. PMID- 7258859 TI - CYBEST-CDMS; automated cell dispersion and monolayer smearing device for CYBEST. AB - The design and operational procedures of the cell dispersion and monolayer smearing (CSMS) machine for the CYBEST automated cytoscreening and image analysis system are described. The CYBEST-CDMS consists of two units: an autosyringing device for cells dispersion and an autosmearing device basically consisting of a modified commercial centrifuge. The operations of both devices are carried out with the samples in specially constructed centrifuge chamber units. The autosyringing device sequentially processes pairs of samples held in a rotor with a capacity of 12 centrifuge chamber units. Cell dispersion is achieved by syringing the samples 20 times each through 23-gauge needles. The use of Saccomanno solution instead of Ringer's solution as the final suspension medium prior to autosmearing has resulted in improved preparations. The CYBEST-CSMS machine largely fulfills one of the major requirements for automated cytology: the provision of samples with a sufficient number of isolated cells and a minimum number of clumped and/or overlapping cells PMID- 7258860 TI - An outbreak of hepatitis B in a dental practice. AB - In September 1978, cases of hepatitis B in two patients treated by the same dentist led to investigation of a dental practice in Baltimore, Maryland. The dentist had had acute hepatitis B in June 1978 and had remained positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen over the ensuing 6 months. He had continued to work while infected, wearing surgical gloves to minimize the risk of transmitting infection. Serologic follow-up of 764 patients showed that a total of six patients, three of whom were symptomatic, had developed hepatitis B infection after dental treatment. All six were among a group of 395 patients treated before the dentist began wearing gloves. In this group, patients having highly traumatic dental work (attack rate 6.9%) were at significantly higher risk than patients having either less traumatic work (attack rate 0.5%) or nontraumatic work (attack rate = 0, p less than 0.02). None of 369 patients treated only when the dentist wore gloves became infected, suggesting that gloves could reduce the risk of virus transmission by the dentist. PMID- 7258861 TI - Alcohol and mortality. A ten-year Kaiser-Permanente experience. AB - We studied 10-year mortality in relation to baseline alcohol use habits among four groups of 2015 persons, well matched for age, sex, race, and cigarette smoking. Persons reporting daily use of two drinks or fewer fared best; the heaviest drinkers (six or more drinks) had a doubled mortality rate, and users of three to five drinks had a mortality rate, and users of three to five drinks had a mortality rate approximately 50% higher. The nondrinkers had a mortality rate similar to that of users of three to five drinks per day. Cancer, cirrhosis, accidents, and nonmalignant respiratory conditions contributed significantly to the excess mortality of the heavier drinkers; coronary disease mortality was significantly higher among nondrinkers. Smoking intensity was a possible factor in the increased mortality of heavier drinkers, but the data were also compatible with the hypothesis that smoking and drinking are synergistic in the production of certain cancers and nonmalignant chronic respiratory illness. Other traits associated with alcohol use or abstinence are possible contributors to the excess mortality of both heavy drinkers and nondrinkers. PMID- 7258862 TI - Biofeedback therapy for fecal incontinence. AB - Twenty-five patients (ages 10 to 79 years; average, 48 years) with fecal incontinence underwent anorectal manometry with a three-balloon system connected to a physiograph. On a basis of manometric criteria showing the presence of rectal sensation, 17 patients underwent biofeedback conditioning. Underlying disorders included irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes mellitus, anal sphincter damage from surgery or disease, and neurogenic anal dysfunction. Twelve of the 17 patients who received biofeedback training had significant improvement in bowel soiling. Follow-up periods ranged from 2 to 38 months (mean, 15 months). There were no significant differences in threshold of rectal sensation, relaxation of the internal anal sphincter, and pre- and postbiofeedback thresholds of external anal sphincter contraction between responders and nonresponders. Minimal criteria for successful treatment appeared to be ability to sense rectal distension, good motivation, and absence of significant psychological dysfunction. Biofeedback conditioning is a simple and effective technique in the treatment of selected patients with fecal incontinence. PMID- 7258863 TI - Prevention of prednisone-induced negative nitrogen balance. Effect of dietary modification on urea generation rate in patients on hemodialysis receiving high dose glucocorticoids. AB - To assess whether increasing dietary protein and calorie intake can ameliorate the negative nitrogen balance induced by 70 to 120 mg/d prednisone, we studied nitrogen intake and net urea generation rate in patients undergoing hemodialysis for 10 to 14 days after renal transplantation. Seven patients receiving prednisone with moderately restricted protein (0.73 +/- 0.03 g/kg of body weight per day) and calorie (20 +/- 4 kcal/kg of body weight per day) intake had high urea nitrogen generation rates (199 +/- 18 mg/kg.d) and protein catabolic rates (1.45 +/- 0.12 g/kg.d) and were in marked negative protein balance (-0.72 +/- 0.12 g/kg.d). An increase in protein (1.30 +/- 0.06 g/kg.d) and calorie (33 +/- 3 kcal/kg.d) consumption in another eight prednisone-treated patients resulted in protein balance (-0.02 +/- 0.12 g/kg.d) without further increasing urea generation (174 +/- 9 mg/kg.d). Six control patients undergoing hemodialysis after surgery who were not receiving prednisone had lower urea generation rates (109 +/- 15 mg/kg.d) and were in nitrogen balance. Nitrogen wasting is therefore not an inevitable consequence of high-dose glucocorticoid therapy and can be effectively prevented by simple nutritional modification without increasing hemodialytic requirements. PMID- 7258864 TI - Normal erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen I synthase in a kindred with acute intermittent porphyria. AB - The diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria was made in 10 members of a large kindred because of increased excretion of porphobilinogen and delta aminolevulinic acid in the urine but normal fecal porphyrins. Erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen I synthase activity was normal in all nine subjects in whom it was measured. No hematologic or other cause was found that could secondarily have raised low activity to normal, suggesting that the porphyric subjects may have had no enzyme abnormality in their erythrocytes. On the other hand, in 49 other Finnish patients with acute intermittent porphyria who were unrelated to he kindred, erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen I synthase activity was low. In acute intermittent porphyria there may be two variants, in one of which the enzyme defect is not expressed in the erythrocytes. PMID- 7258865 TI - Acromegaly: reassessment of the long-term therapeutic effectiveness of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. AB - Of 11 patients with active acromegaly treated with transsphenoidal selective pituitary adenomectomy, four failed to show evidence of clinical improvement. An additional four patients showed clinical and biochemical improvement after the surgical procedure but, with more prolonged follow-up, showed a recurrence of acromegaly. Only three patients had prolonged clinical and biochemical evidence of improvement; they had glucose suppressed growth hormone concentrations of 1.0, 2.7, and 2.8 ng/mL 22, 40, and 24 months, respectively, after the surgical procedure. Two of these three patients, however, showed an increase in growth hormone concentration after thyrotropin-releasing hormone injection, a finding that suggests the possibility of eventual relapse. Our data also clearly indicated a need for more rigorous criteria for biochemical cure of acromegaly than those used previously. Study of 20 healthy volunteers showed that growth hormone concentration should normally be suppressible to less than 2.0 ng/mL after 100 g oral glucose. PMID- 7258866 TI - Polymastia and renal adenocarcinoma. AB - After two patients with renal adenocarcinoma were found to have polymastia, we did a survey in which six of 32 patients with renal cancer had this anomaly. This finding is substantially higher than the expected frequency of 0.3 based on surveys of the general population, and accessory nipples were not found in a comparison group of 32 patients with head and neck cancer. An excess of renal anomalies was found among the patients with renal cancer, including duplicate arteries among those with accessory nipples. Family members also seemed prone to renal anomalies and certain neoplasms, notably of the kidney and brain. PMID- 7258867 TI - Estrogen receptor activity in a case of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7258868 TI - Acute renal failure associated with barium chloride poisoning. PMID- 7258870 TI - Theophylline madness. PMID- 7258869 TI - Asterixis as a manifestation of salicylate toxicity. PMID- 7258871 TI - Calcitonin as a drug. AB - Calcitonin is a peptide hormone produced by the C-cells of the thyroid gland. Its main biological effect is to inhibit the resorption of bone. This effect, in combination with a calciuric action of calcitonin, can produce a lowering of blood calcium. These biological effects of calcitonin have made it useful in the treatment of hypercalcemic and hyperresorptive disorders. PMID- 7258872 TI - Organic brain syndromes. AB - Awareness of the medical disorders that frequently present with neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms and careful attention to a basic medical evaluation in every "psychiatric" patient will obviate referral of such patients to mental health facilities where their medical problems are less likely to be property diagnosed and treated. These disorders can be organized according to the predominant area of psychopathology (delirium, dementia, organic amnestic, delusional, hallucinatory, affective, and personality syndromes). PMID- 7258873 TI - Orphan drugs: creating a policy. AB - Ensuring the development and availability of drugs that are medically important but commercially unprofitable poses a significant problem in our free market economy. Recent attempts by the federal government to develop a policy regarding these "orphan" drugs provides an important first step. The federal Interagency Task Force on Drugs of Limited Commercial Value recommendations propose initiation of a wide spectrum of administrative and legislative changes; these are designed to create incentives for industry to cooperate with government in developing and making orphan drugs available to those who need them. But before the proposed recommendations are accepted or rejected, a clearer understanding is needed of the nature of interrelated problems of orphan drugs. Thereafter, the wide spectrum of "stakeholders" involved in and affected by orphan drug policies or programs should seek means for interactive planning to determine desired ends and to devise means for achieving them. PMID- 7258874 TI - Management of acromegaly. PMID- 7258876 TI - Hepatitis B transmission between dental or medical workers and patients. PMID- 7258875 TI - Lymphocytic hypophysitis. PMID- 7258877 TI - "Orphan drugs" for the Third World. PMID- 7258879 TI - Use of laboratory tests. PMID- 7258878 TI - Definition of death. PMID- 7258880 TI - Guidelines for interviewing. PMID- 7258881 TI - Quality of care. PMID- 7258883 TI - The chief residency. PMID- 7258882 TI - Pressure ulcers. PMID- 7258884 TI - Staphylococcal endocarditis. PMID- 7258885 TI - Toxic shock syndrome and epidermal toxin. PMID- 7258886 TI - Hepatitis B and gum chewing. PMID- 7258889 TI - Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and melphalan. PMID- 7258887 TI - Coccidioidal meningitis and intrathecal corticosteroids. PMID- 7258888 TI - Erythropoietin and polycythemias. PMID- 7258890 TI - Propranolol and retroperitoneal fibrosis. PMID- 7258891 TI - Decreased clearance of phenytoin with cimetidine. PMID- 7258892 TI - Sulindac and pneumonitis. PMID- 7258895 TI - Correction: treadmill testing figure. PMID- 7258893 TI - Correction: diagnostic testing supplement. PMID- 7258894 TI - Correction: citation of paper by Dresner. PMID- 7258896 TI - [Simultaneous variation between stressful life events and the evolution of mental disorders in a group of young persons]. PMID- 7258897 TI - [Humor, creativity and psychotherapy]. AB - Humor must be clearly distinguished from joke and comic. It presents the characteristics described by Freud for the creative processes in general and has an effect to provoke a removal of the sexual and aggressive inhibitions on a intrapsychical level, thus allowing to the individual to fight against the social constraints. The author defends the idea that humor can usefully be employed in the outline of the corrective emotional experience in the psychotherapeutically relation: it assures not only a removal of inhibitions, but it also protects the individual against the anxiogenic feelings and gives him the possibility to assert himself narcissistally towards the outside world. PMID- 7258898 TI - [Utilization of some analogues of glycerophosphate by the sulphate-reducing bacteria "Desulfovibrio vulgaris" (author's transl)]. AB - Utilization of dihydroxyacetate phosphate, glyceraldehyde phosphate, 2 phosphoglyceric and 3-phosphoglyceric acids by the sulphate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio vulgaris has been studied. On the grounds of stoichiometric relations of reactants and thermodynamic considerations, suitable mechanisms have been proposed for the above reactions. PMID- 7258899 TI - [A study of chloramphenicol resistance in "Salmonella" and identification of the relevant R plasmid (author's transl)]. AB - Seventy nine strains of salmonella of human origin were tested for antibiotic resistance. Eighteen strains (11 Salmonella typhi-murium, 4 S. saint-paul and 3 S. dublin) were multiresistant, particularly to chloramphenicol. All the strains were able to transfer their resistance by conjugation. Thirteen conjugation R plasmids were classified into five incompatibility groups: I1, N, H1, M and B. Molecular studies showed that the DNA structures of the four IncI1R plasmids differed from one another and also partly from the plasmid DNA structures of other IncI1R plasmid DNA isolated from salmonellae. In conclusion, chloramphenicol resistance was conferred by various R factors, and the R factors of the I1 incompatibility group appeared to have different plasmid structures. PMID- 7258900 TI - Isolation of Naegleria fowleri from the cooling pond of an electric power plant in France. AB - Eleven strains of Naegleria have been isolated from 126 samples of the cooling pond of an electric power plant near Metz, France. Three strains showed specific characters of N. fowleri (pathogenicity for mice after intranasal instillation, immunofluorescence with anti N. fowleri serum and non-agglutination with ConA up to 1 mg/ml. Some particular characteristics were noted; the cysts showed a high number of pores and the pathogenicity was is lower using Swiss mice than using NMRI mice. The need for a standardization of methods for isolation and characterization are discussed as well as the occurrence of N. fowleri at the site. PMID- 7258901 TI - [Nitrate accumulation and leaching in a Mediterranean horticultural soil]. AB - The town of Hyeres (South of France) pumps its drinking water from alluvial ground-water. The influence of the surrounding horticultural activities on the nitrate-nitrogen content of this water has been assessed. 50 ha were studied, 25 cultivated with artichokes, 15 with various seasonal horticultural crops, and 10 with vine, peach-tree and alfalfa. The soil is silty, calcareous and deeper than 3,5 m. From June to December 1979 the nitrate-nitrogen distribution in the first 2 meters of soil was measured in 100 locations. Results show that NO3-N may be found in a great excess under intensive cropping, especially artichokes and peach trees, and so nitrogen leaching may be quite important if the water drains down into the subsoil. Nevertheless cutting off nitrogen losses from the 50 ha projected area would have only negligible consequences on the average quality of pumped water. That is why an help for the agricultural development organisations to promote more efficient use of fertilization over the whole watershed is prefered to very restrictive rules localized in a small area. PMID- 7258903 TI - [Residual content of nitrite and nitrates in cooked French meat products]. AB - 1 256 french meat products samples belonging to the most popular types: 435 saucissons cuits (course ground cooked sausage); 226 saucisses de Strasbourg and 165 saucisses de Francfort (both finely comminuted Frankfurter type sausages); 430 pates de Campagne (country-type meat loafs) were analysed. For each type of product contents in nitrite and nitrate are given respectively for products sent by meat plants, handicraft firms and consumers. The average values lie significantly under permitted levels, but many vary in a wide range, especially as far nitrate is concerned. PMID- 7258904 TI - [Blockade of nitrogen oxide and nitrites by various substances]. AB - The laws by which a number of substances fix nitrogen oxide and sodium nitrite were studied. Nitrogen oxide leads to the formation of compounds of the N O X type, characterised by the following equilibrium constants: 1.93 X 10(-2) for sodium ascorbate, 1.96 X 10(-2) for cysteine, 2.79 X 10(-2) for guanidine, 1.43 X 10(-3) for glutathion, 0.384 for sarcosin, 4.6 X 10(-2) for galacturonic acid, and 1.8 X 10(-3) for neuraminic acid. Mucic, benzoic, lactic and gallic acid do not fix this oxide, nor do glycerol and imidazole. Of all the substances listed above, only ascorbate and cysteine fix nitrite. It was not possible to establish any direct fixing law. This fact, taken with the conditions of the medium, leads to the conclusion that nitrite is fixed only after reduction, in the form of nitrogen oxide NO, according to the laws referred to above. PMID- 7258905 TI - [Effect of various blockers of nitrite and nitrogen oxide on the formation of nitrosamines]. AB - The effects of galacturonic, gallic, acetylneuraminic acid, ascorbate, cysteine, glutathion and imidazole on the formation of dimethylnitrosamine and diethylnitrosamine was studied in a simple aqueous medium with four different nitrite contents (50, 100, 500 and 1 000 ppm) and the two amines, compared with control samples. The nitrosamines were determined by the TELLING method (confirmed by photolysis). The results observed were compared with the laws of fixing nitrite in the form of nitrogen oxide, studied previously. For sarcosin and imidazole, the fixing takes into account the phenomena observed. The other substances lead to a conclusion that there are two stages in the process: 1) fixing of the nitrite to a greater or lesser degree in the form of a nitrogen oxide complex, 2) direct effect on the nitrosation reaction which is catalysed or slowed down. The discussion based on the literature, concludes that the final nitrosation reaction give rise to free radicals, even in an aqueous medium. PMID- 7258902 TI - [Effect of sample storage conditions and treatment on "free nitrite" in meat products]. AB - The aim of the work presented here is to study the effect of different factors on the amount of "free" nitrite in meat products. Two kinds of factors are involved: --factors modifying the amount of "free" nitrite in the product; --factors modifying the amount of nitrite determined as "free". The former are mainly depending on the storage conditions of the products, for instance: low pH, light exposure, high temperature, increase the nitrite losses. The latter are depending on the analysis methodology. A strong physical treatment of the samples, a high temperature during extraction, a long time of extraction, the repetition of the extraction, increase the amount of nitrite determined as "free" by releasing a part of the bound fraction. So, it is very important, for the significance of results in "free" nitrite determination, to know very precisely storage and treatment conditions of the samples. PMID- 7258906 TI - [Survey on the nitrate-nitrite content of various dairy products]. AB - The laboratories charged with dairy product control have had to determine the nitrates and nitrites especially for the examination of products in view of export. The use of nitrates is prohibited in France. Some E.E.C. countries however authorize its use in cheese-making. The L.C.H.A. has carried for the last several years a systematic analysis of samples received for other studies in order to evaluate eventual contamination. The results can not be considered as representative of the whole French production, as they are samples from different composition and origins. The following have been examined during 1979: 729 dried milks (92,6% less than 30 mg/kg), 209 whey powders (56,5% less than 50 mg/kg), 133 milking feeds (82,7% less than 40 mg/kg), 1 039 cheeses (81,8% less than 5 mg/kg). The greater part of these analyses were realized by a Technicon autoanalyseur I and by manual cadmium reducing methods. PMID- 7258907 TI - [Role of nitrites and nitroso derivatives on the development of abnormal colorations in cheeses. Study of their decomposition]. AB - Nitrites and nitroso compounds have been incriminated in the development of abnormal colourations of "pont-l'eveque". In a preparation of these cheeses nitrites were added either to the milk or during the manufacturing procedures and in all cases were noticed pink or brown stains and bursting of the cheese pulp with formation of cavities. Our results have demonstrated it is possible to break down these nitroso-compounds with an enzyme from yeast. This enzyme detoxifies the medium following a mechanism which has been elucidated. The addition of yeasts to the cheeses during manufacturing helps to accelerate the desintegration process of the coloured compounds and to obtain a uniform shade of the crust and a total absence of deeper stains. We have shown that the nitrites present in the cheeses will form nitroso compounds. The latter are then responsible for the abnormal and irregular stains; their rapid decomposition helps to detoxify the medium as well as ameliorating the aspect of the cheeses. PMID- 7258908 TI - [Formation of nitrosamines in cheese products]. AB - Several strains of micromycetes used as fermentation agents in the cheese industry or having led to accidents during cheese making are able to favor the formation of nitrosamines in 60% of the cases. The concentrations observed are similar to those found by other authors with other microorganisms. The results obtained in a semi-synthetic medium are checked during the ripening of experimental camembert type cheese made from milk containing nitrates and cultured with a strain of Penicillium camemberti, which favors very much the synthesis of nitrosamines. The amount of nitrosodimethylamine formed in this cheese increases from 5 to 20 ppb during ripening. A tentative explanation of the mechanism of formation is outlined. PMID- 7258909 TI - [Salivary and biliary excretion of nitrates in the dog]. AB - The salivary and biliary excretion of nitrates has been studied in dogs. We have administered intravenously [15N] sodium nitrate (51% enrichment) and we have studied its fate in blood, bile and saliva by estimation of NO3-, NO2- and 15N at the time of 0, 30 mn, 1 h and 3 h. This experimentation, made on 9 dogs, indicates a total absence from nitrites in blood, bile and saliva and confirms the existence of biliary excretion of nitrates. Last, the evolution of 15NO3 rates, measured by mass spectrography, indicates that salivary glands produce an important endogenous accumulation of nitrate ion. PMID- 7258910 TI - [Nutritional and toxicologic impact of nitrates and nitrites administered chronically (6 months) in the rat]. AB - It has been made a toxicological, nutritional and histological study of rats fed ad libitum, for six months, with a diet containing respectively (per 100 g of dry food): 0, 0,5 and 5% of NO3- ion and 0, 0,05 and 0,5% of NO2- ion. For each group of treated animals we have paired groups of control animals fed with a diet including the same doses of sodium as NaCl. At the highest dose studied, nitrates and nitrites induce a significative loss of weight during two first months of intoxication, but they do not impair noticeably the classic nutritional parameters of nitrogen metabolism, established at different periods of intoxication (0, 2, 4 and 6 months). Besides, dietary ingestion of relatively important quantities of NO3- and NO2- ions does not induce notable modifications of body composition and blood formula, showing an important adaptation of treated animals. Last, histological observations give evidence to a certain irritation (mucus, oedema) of the anterior section of digestive tract (especially stomach with nitrites), some attacks (essentially with nitrates) of thyroid gland (possible competition with iodine) and kidneys (increased diuresis); but the essential impact, with nitrates and nitrites, is situated at the spleen level, with an important liberation of iron and the trace of haemorrhagic zones, testifying to the chronic struggle of treated animals against methemoglobinemia. PMID- 7258911 TI - [Effect of large doses of sodium nitrite on the reproductive performance in the female rat]. PMID- 7258912 TI - [Role of sodium nitrite in histamine urticaria of dietary origin]. AB - Although genuine gastro-intestinal allergy is sought as the cause of chronic urticaria or repeated vaso-motor headaches, a non-allergic intolerance of one or more ingested substances, additives to foodstuffs (colourants and conserving agents) are likely to be implicated. Dietary histories from such patients often reveal heavy consumption of charcuterie. Oral provocation tests, performed using additives and placebo, can reproduce symptoms reliably. The substance most frequently incriminated is sodium nitrite (E 250): out of 76 tests, 4 were positive and 4 doubtful. In these cases complete avoidance of E 250 led to significant improvement or cure. We discuss various hypotheses on the harmful effects of sodium nitrite, such as denaturation of histamine-binding SH-group rich mucoproteins, direct toxicity on microvilli or inhibition of intestinal histaminase. PMID- 7258914 TI - [Nitrates and nitrites in plant tissues. Analytical methods]. AB - Different methods for nitrites and nitrates determination are described. Each step is considered separately, extraction, purification, determination of nitrate. During the last step, we examine the different analytical possibilities. Expecting for electrochemical methods, especially polarography, give satisfaction, the retained methods is that used as reference method for nitrate determination in meat and meat based products: Norme Afnor V04 - 409 et 410. PMID- 7258913 TI - [Comparison of the effects of absorption of aminophenazone or propyphenazone combined with sodium nitrite on the incidence and early appearance of tumors in the rat]. AB - Formation of nitrosamines, after absorption of nitrite and secondary or tertiary amines in the gastro-intestinal tract, is used as a chemical test of carcinogenicity in the Rat. We have confirmed the carcinogenic power of a tertiary amine association: aminophenazone, and sodium nitrite giving dimethyl nitrosamine in Sprague Dawley rats: both substances are administered at low and high concentrations in drinking water. We have studied simultaneously, the propyphenazone/sodium nitrite association in the same experimental conditions without carcinogenic power: --treatment duration: thirty weeks, --study duration: two years with observation of carcinogenic reactions, --verification of data: control and substances given independently. PMID- 7258915 TI - [Determination of nitrates and nitrites in animal products]. AB - Meat is a complex medium in which nitrates and nitrites react by processes which are not well known. We do not know how to determine the quantities added, and estimating the residual doses depends on the analytic techniques studied. The analysis begins with extractions and purifications by various techniques described. A brief description is then given of 13 techniques for determining nitrites, 5 of which were applied successfully to meat products, and 18 techniques for determining nitrates, 12 of them suitable for meats. The references are given. The authors conclude by stressing the need for better knowledge of the effect of extraction and preparation techniques in order to give meaning to the results obtained. PMID- 7258916 TI - [Analysis of volatile nitrosamines in foods and beverages: validity of results]. AB - Analytical methods for volatile nitrosamines in foods and beverages are described. The possibilities of loss and formation of these compounds are discussed for each analytical step. The validity of the gas chromatographic and high performance liquid chromatographic determinations is evaluated for each detector type. PMID- 7258917 TI - [Nitrates of agricultural origin: their accumulation in plants and their effect on the environment]. AB - When dealing with the environmental impacts of nitrate nitrogen, one must, first, underline the main place of nitrogen in the dietary needs of man. This element is simultaneously one of the main factors of crop yields, and the first step in the elaboration of proteins. The accumulation of nitrates in crops is defined, its draw-backs are briefly reminded. Nitrate content differs between the organs: stems, petioles, young roots are richer than limbs of leaves; fruits are very poor. The factors of nitrate accumulation are reminded: the nitrogen availability in soil, the light, the other nutrients, and the plant characteristics (e.g., age, cultivar). Ways to obtain a better control of nitrate content in edible parts of spinach, carrot and tomato are discussed. Then, the nitrogen cycle in the soil is briefly described. The influence of various agricultural systems (pastures, annual cropping, wheat, corn, soja) on the nitrate content of groundwater is shown. PMID- 7258918 TI - [Regulations concerning nitrates and nitrites in human foods: developments and perspectives. National and international aspects]. PMID- 7258920 TI - [Analytical problems posed by nitrates and nitrites in food additives used in pork, curing and canned meat]. PMID- 7258919 TI - [Comparison of various technics for determining nitrates in soil and vegetables]. AB - In order to compare results obtained from various analytical techniques, nitrate determinations in soils and vegetables were made by four usual methods. These are a selective electrode, an autoanalyser with dialyser that determines nitrites following a nitrate reduction step by hydrazine sulfate, another autoanalyser that reduces nitrates with cadmium metal, and the usual DEVARDA method. Interferences and limitations of these techniques are discussed. PMID- 7258921 TI - [Nitrite and nitrate content of foods sampled during national food quality monitoring]. AB - The aim of the french national inquiry of food quality is to ascertain the presence in food of many contaminants, in particular nitrates and nitrites. Because of variability of contamination in samples, a great number of determinations were carried out for each food kind (2296 determinations in 62 foods kinds). Nitrate amounts are in fact very high in beet roots, white beets, celery salads, radishes and green salads. PMID- 7258922 TI - [Nitrate content of various vegetables]. PMID- 7258923 TI - [Presence of volatile nitrosamines in food]. AB - 122 foods and 46 beers from the north-east of France and other areas are analysed. The solid frozen samples are finely ground, homogenized and suspended in mineral oil. The volatile nitrosamines are vacuum distilled and extracted with dichloromethane from the acidified distillate. The sample is concentrated and analysed with a gas chromatograph coupled to a TEA detector. The liquid samples are directly extracted with dichloromethane. The non grilled cured meat products are lightly polluted. The nitrosodimethylamine and nitrosopiperidine concentrations usually do not exceed 1 ppb. Only two samples out of about thirty are very polluted by the nitrosopiperidine (28,6 and 26 ppb), and also by the nitrosopyrrolidine (3 and 11 ppb). In the other samples this last nitrosamine is seldom and occurs only in trace amounts. The precooked canned meals and the cheese products are rarely and only lightly polluted. However beers are polluted most of the time. The nitrosodimethylamine is found in all the pale beers, with a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 21.3 ppb (m: 3.1). In dark beers the nitrosodimethylamine concentration ranges from 7.2 to 16.8 ppb (m: 10.1) and the nitrosopyrrolidine concentration has a mean value of 0.2 ppb. PMID- 7258924 TI - [Accumulation of nitrates in carrot root--agronomical consequences]. AB - This paper deals with the effects of various parameters involved in plant nitrogen metabolism, on the nitrate content in carrot roots. Level of mineral nitrogen supply, activity of leaves and light intensity have been taken into account in factorial experiments. Results are discussed with a view to the improvement of the quality of root production with respect to their nitrate content. PMID- 7258925 TI - [Hydrogeology and medicine in the approach to health problems linked to nitrates: examples in Lorraine]. AB - An investigation carried out by French Ministration of Agriculture (S.R.A.E.L.) has worked out an inventory and defined the nitrate amount evolution in waters, specially originated with underground formations, stared out by collectivities. The investigation spreading has brought about some ascertainment in Lorraine country. Particularly, the "Laboratoire d'hygiene et de recherche en sante publique" has so identified in a commune near Nancy, where nitrate amounts in water are particularly high, gastrointestinal troubles probably caused by minor methemoglobinemias which water supply origin have not been locally suspected. This note so shows that medical and paramedical corps cooperation with administrative authorities charged with water resource can attempt some interventions: better diagnosis, population and mayors information, search of technical and administrative settlements according to local environment. PMID- 7258927 TI - [Evolution of the nitrate content of drinking water in the Department of Yonne: new evaluation since 1975]. AB - A perceptible increase in the grade of nitrates in drinking waters in the Yonne Country had been established from 1969 to 1975 and had formed the subject of a previous published work. The present issue gives details about the persuit of this research from 1975 to 1979. It appears from it that the increase in the grade of nitrates in drinking waters is definitely continuing in most areas from 1975 with the exception of Morvan and Senonais. In 1979, the highest average grades reached 37 mg NO3/1 (Plateaux de Bourgogne) and the lowest 7 mg NO3/1 (Morvan). The number of collectings where the grades exceeded 44 mg/1 is increasing: 8% in 1975, 21% in 1979. PMID- 7258926 TI - [Increase of nitrates in underground aquifers: study of a karstic basin in the Dijon area]. AB - The purpose of the study was to explain the enormous increase of nitrates in the waters of river Beze (Cote-d'Or) belonging to a well-defined karstic basin. This paper deals with surface and underground waters, pedologic formations and their rock base. It consisted in listing the oligoelements involved in the enzymic processes of nitrate reduction, the microflora and in determining the kinetics of denitrification by column perfusion. The presence of biodegradable carbon compounds is the governing factor of denitrification; their rapid lass related to new agricultural processes and the excessive use of nitrogene fertilizers are responsible for the enormous increase of nitrates observed. PMID- 7258928 TI - [Evolution of the nitrate content of water collected in the Department of Aisne, and search for side basins permitting correlations between surface events and nitrate contents]. AB - The aim of this study is to search for small underground side basins in order to propose them to agricultural businessmen. Those basins should be apt to a successful experiment of cultural techniques to reduce nitrogen leakages toward aquifers. They should allow to identify and try to quantify the reasons of nitrogen enrichment of the underground waters by a critical examination of the past of some reappearances and the use of their recharge basin. This work consisted, after drawing up evolution graphs of nitrate rates, in selecting springs at first according to their interannual variations amplitude with increasing nitrogen rates, secondly according to their moderate flow-having unimportant side basins and thin storage aquifer and therefore reacting rapidly to the surface attraction. Finally, the springs were selected according to their specified pollution so that the collected water should be a representative sample of the aquifer. Eleven spots were thus selected. We hope they will allow to draw an experiment over the 3 or 5 next years. PMID- 7258931 TI - The behaviour of fibrous filter media in dust respirators. PMID- 7258929 TI - Determination of atmospheric contaminants using a continuous paper-tape personal monitor--I. Analysis of aromatic amines. PMID- 7258930 TI - Deposition of sized glass fibres in the respiratory tract of the rat. PMID- 7258932 TI - Solvents--the relationship between biological monitoring strategies and metabolic handling. A review. PMID- 7258933 TI - Human exposure to m-xylene. Kinetics and acute effects on the central nervous system. PMID- 7258934 TI - The energy implications of ventilation systems--an introductory outline. PMID- 7258935 TI - Automated perimetry I. A consumer's guide. PMID- 7258936 TI - Iridoschisis: a case report. PMID- 7258937 TI - X-linked recessive ocular dystrophy with band keratopathy. PMID- 7258938 TI - Pulmonary embolism in a diabetic patient after ocular 10% phenylephrine. PMID- 7258939 TI - Cyanoacrylate. PMID- 7258940 TI - Pressure differential of intraocular pressure measured between supine and sitting position. AB - In 177 eyes, an average rise in the intraocular pressure of 6 mm Hg was found between the sitting and supine positions. These pressures were measured with the pneumatonograph--an instrument that allows measurement of intraocular pressure in both positions. The pressure rise upon lying down (over that in the sitting position) was significant at the 1% level. PMID- 7258941 TI - Conjunctivitis in the newborn: observations on incidence, cause, and prophylaxis. AB - One hundred seventy-one cases of neonatal conjunctivitis seen at Bellevue Hospital during the period 1950--1976 were reviewed. An overall incidence of 3.0 cases per 1,000 live births was found. A comparison of the rates of neonatal conjunctivitis with silver nitrate and tetracycline prophylaxis revealed a 100% increase in the rate overall, as well as the rate of gonococcal conjunctivitis with tetracycline. Using conjunctival cultures and cytology, a diagnosis could be established in 73% of the cases, with 41% being bacterial and 32% chlamydial. Staphylococcus was the single most common organism recovered; gonococcus was relatively rare. PMID- 7258942 TI - Simulated superior oblique palsy. AB - Accurate interpretation of the Bielschowsky head tilt phenomenon, as incorporated in the three-step test, relies on the assumption that the patient has a palsy of an isolated cyclovertical muscle. Other causes of hypertropia, including restrictions, associated horizontal deviations, previous strabismus surgery, and symmetric oblique overaction, if not recognized, may lead to erroneous diagnosis of superior oblique palsy with the three-step test. Seven representative cases are presented. PMID- 7258943 TI - Presumed subretinal nematode infestation with visual recovery. PMID- 7258944 TI - Iodine disinfection of hydrophilic contact lenses. AB - A simple and effective technique for disinfecting hydrophilic contact lenses uses a saturated solution of molecular iodine in water. This technique has disinfected lenses that were incubated in actively growing cultures of bacteria and fungi in concentrations of 10(7) to 10(8) organisms per ml. Ocular tolerance studies showed that lenses disinfected by this method did not damage rabbit cornea, as demonstrated by slit lamp and histologic observations. This method has a built-in safety feature because iodine-soaked lenses are yellow, while lenses rinsed free of iodine are clear. PMID- 7258945 TI - Hospitalization and cataract surgery. AB - A population of 250 age-matched cataract patients was studied to determine if hospitalization was required for cataract extraction. The success of the procedure was not jeopardized if immediate ambulation was effected and postsurgical care carried out entirely on an ambulatory basis in a nonhospital environment. The cost containment potential of this approach cannot be readily achieved in the face of existing regulatory systems and insurance requirements. PMID- 7258946 TI - Surgical treatment of ptosis in acquired third nerve paralysis. PMID- 7258947 TI - Intraocular lenses. PMID- 7258948 TI - Familial pars planitis. AB - Pars planitis has rarely been noted to occur in more than one member of a family. We report the occurrence of this disorder in more than one member of two unrelated families. The affected members of one of these families included a 37 year-old woman and three of her six children. The affected members of the other family were two teenaged brothers. No specific cause for the familial clustering of pars planitis has been identified in the affected members of these families. PMID- 7258949 TI - Vitamin A acid and corneal epithelial wound healing. AB - The entire corneal epithelium of each of 42 rabbits was removed bilaterally. Tretinoin or 0.5% or 0.1% ethylretinamide drops were applied topically five times a day to the eyes of one-half of the experimental animals, and peanut oil was applied to the eyes of the other half (the controls). The healing of the denuded corneas of the animals receiving tretinoin or 0.5% ethylretinamide was significantly more advanced than the healing of the corneas of the control animals. The 0.1% ethylretinamide solution did not enhance the healing process. PMID- 7258950 TI - Ocular pulse in high myopia: a study of 40 eyes. AB - The ocular pulse amplitude of 20 myopic individuals (40 eyes) with refractive errors of -5.00 diopters and above was determined, using the Alcon Pneumatonograph. When compared to a group of normal individuals, the myopic group was found to have a significantly smaller mean ocular pulse amplitude but a significantly higher mean intraocular pressure. The importance of pulse-pressure relationship in the two groups is discussed. PMID- 7258951 TI - Pathogenic bacterial organisms in conjunctivitis in Uganda. PMID- 7258952 TI - Which pathologic characteristics influence echographic patterns of retinoblastoma? AB - Disagreement still exists regarding the influence of rosette formation, pseudorosettes, necrotic changes, vascularity, and calcification on the echographic characteristics of retinoblastoma. To further evaluate the echographic pattern of retinoblastoma confirmed by tissue diagnosis, we studied 11 consecutive cases of retinoblastoma and correlated pathologic findings with A- and B-scan echographic findings. In five patients with heavily calcified tumors, the A-scan echograms were more accurate in documenting reflectivity and revealed an extremely highly reflective pattern attenuating the ultrasonic beam substantially and casting characteristic shadows on the sclera. The B-scan echogram revealed a mass attenuating the ultrasound beam. This mass had dense focal echoes persisting at lower sensitivity within the tumor. In five patients with mild calcification on pathological examination, the A-scan echogram showed a highly reflective pattern. In one case with no calcification, the A-scan echogram revealed a medium reflective pattern. The B-scan echogram revealed a well-defined mass in each case. The degree of rosette differentiation, pseudorosettes, or necrosis failed to correlate with A-scan echographic pattern specific for retinoblastoma. No case showed a cystic appearance on B-scan echogram regardless of the degree of necrosis seen in the pathologic specimen. The echographic findings in retinoblastoma depend primarily on the degree of calcification and are not influenced independently by other specific pathologic characteristics of the tumors. PMID- 7258953 TI - Multifocal primary ocular and central nervous system malignant lymphoma. AB - A patient had bilateral posterior uveitis of two weeks' duration and rapid neurologic deterioration. Obstructive hydrocephalus developed as a result of compression of the fourth ventricle by an enlarged cerebellar vermis. Autopsy revealed multiple foci of infiltration by malignant lymphomas in the eyes, brain, and cerebellum; no evidence of systemic lymphoma was found. PMID- 7258954 TI - An unusual family with retinoblastoma. AB - Reported here is an unusual family with retinoblastoma. The father has spontaneously regressed, bilateral, multifocal retinoblastoma with complete preservation of vision. Three of his six children have had bilateral retinoblastoma requiring bilateral enucleation. At least two of these three children have an associated mental and physical retardation. Chromosome number 13 in this family was normal. PMID- 7258955 TI - Nuclear cataract as a cause of senile glaucoma. AB - When radial cortical opacities occurred in the lenses of glaucomatous eyes, ocular hypertension soon became normal. Glaucoma operations were not performed on patients over 50 years of age, and medical control or simple lens extraction was adopted. In 86% of the lenses extracted from glaucomatous eyes no medication was necessary to keep normal ocular tension for two years postoperatively. The water content of extracted lens from glaucomatous eyes was always in the lower half compared to water content of nonglaucomatous cataractous lenses. Thus the absence of radial cortical opacities is a cause of senile glaucoma. Three laws of aging in the human body and eye are advocated and hypothesized. Simple glaucoma is caused by an ischemia of Schlemm's canal through bending of the scleral branch of anterior ciliary artery caused by continuous zonular traction. From the cation material assortment of extracted dried lenses, it was found that human senile cataracts including glaucomatous nuclear cataracts had normal membranes except in the final stage. Glaucomatous diffuse cortical opacities also had normal membrane, contrary to the damaged membrane in the swollen lens in the final stage of cortical senile cataract. PMID- 7258956 TI - Carcinoma of the common bile duct metastatic to the orbit. PMID- 7258957 TI - Traumatic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. PMID- 7258959 TI - Editorial: laser therapy for glaucoma: the quiet revolution. PMID- 7258958 TI - Removal of some intraocular tumors: report of twelve cases. PMID- 7258960 TI - Internuclear ophthalmoplegia after head trauma. AB - Internuclear ophthalmoplegia results from impairment of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Multiple sclerosis is usually the cause in bilateral cases while a vascular lesion is commonly implicated in unilateral cases. Head trauma is a rare cause. We describe the case of a 52-year-old man who developed unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia following a head injury suffered in an automobile accident. Gradual improvement in the internuclear ophthalmoplegia occurred over a six-month follow-up period. Review of the literature reveals only ten previous reports of internuclear ophthalmoplegia secondary to head injury. In seven of these cases the internuclear ophthalmoplegia was the direct result of the trauma and in three it occurred only after subdural hematoma formation. These ten cases are summarized. Several theories for the pathophysiology of trauma-induced internuclear ophthalmoplegia are presented. PMID- 7258961 TI - Automated perimetry in a neuro-ophthalmologic practice. AB - Visual field examinations were performed with both the Fieldmaster Automated Perimeter and the Goldmann kinetic perimeter on 60 patients, aged 10 to 70 years (118 eyes) referred for neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation. Results suggest that the Fieldmaster perimeter is almost as sensitive as the Goldmann perimeter in identifying abnormal visual fields (99.2%). False-positive results were noted in only two cases (1.6%). Fieldmaster perimetry demonstrated certain advantages over Goldmann perimetry in easily fatigued, inattentive, or uncooperative patients. Recent technological advances in automated perimetry resulting in greater sensitivity and reproducibility of results now offer a viable alternative to Goldmann perimetry. PMID- 7258962 TI - Acute bilateral retinal microembolization in a heroin addict. PMID- 7258963 TI - Craniopharyngioma presenting as unilateral central visual loss. AB - Unilateral visual loss with central scotoma developed over a period of two days in a patient. The diagnosis of retrobulbar neuritis was made, and corticosteroids were given for three weeks. Absence of clinical improvement after three months led to additional evaluation, which demonstrated a suprasellar mass consistent with craniopharyngioma. This was confirmed pathologically, and complete restoration of central visual function followed its removal. PMID- 7258964 TI - Bilateral abducens nerve palsies from clivus chordoma. AB - An 87-year-old male complaining of horizontal diplopia of five months duration was found to have bilateral abducens nerve palsies. The remainder of the neurologic examination was unremarkable, but neuroradiologic investigation disclosed a lesion involving the sella and sphenoid sinus, with erosion of the upper aspect of the clivus. A large chordoma was found at trans-sphenoidal surgery. This presentation is unique in that the chordoma produced bilateral sixth-nerve palsies with no other neurologic defects. PMID- 7258965 TI - Panfunduscope contact lens for argon laser therapy. AB - The Rodenstock panfunduscope lens adds significantly to the safety of argon laser pan retinal ablation by allowing easy and constant visualization of the relationship of burns to the fovea. One can constantly monitor the overall pattern of photocoagulation being achieved, thereby eliminating skipped areas. The increased safety and speed of the procedure may benefit both surgeon and patient. PMID- 7258966 TI - Prostaglandin E2 effect on the facility of outflow in the rabbit eye. PMID- 7258968 TI - Congenital reduplication of the lacrimal punctum and canaliculus. PMID- 7258967 TI - Glove powder and corneal inflammation. PMID- 7258969 TI - Retinal arterial loop occlusion. AB - A case is described in which a right preretinal arterial loop was complicated by an obstructive episode, producing an altitudinal visual field defect. The mechanism of the occlusion of the retinal vascular loop and the pathogenesis of the associated vitreous hemorrhage are discussed. PMID- 7258970 TI - Serum ceruloplasmin and immunoglobulins in retinitis pigmentosa patients. AB - Thirty cases of retinitis pigmentosa were studied for serum ceruloplasmin levels and 27 cases of retinitis pigmentosa for serum immunoglobulin levels. No significant change was seen in serum ceruloplasmin levels as compared to normal control subjects, while a significant rise in levels of serum immunoglobulins was seen, which needs further experimental study to find the exact etiology. PMID- 7258972 TI - Euphorbia peplus latex keratoconjunctivitis. PMID- 7258971 TI - Effect of combined 1% cyclopentolate-10% phenylephrine eye drops on systemic blood pressure of glaucoma patients. AB - Sixty-two patients with glaucoma had eye drops containing 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride and 10% phenylephrine hydrochloride applied two or three times to one or usually both eyes to dilate their pupils as part of routine eye examinations. Systemic (brachial) blood pressure was monitored before and after drug application. Fifty of the patients had either no change in blood pressure or a decrease. Only two patients had a rise of 20 mm Hg or more in either systolic or diastolic blood pressure. In these two cases the increases were 34/4 and 22/20 mm Hg. Ten patients had an increase ranging from 10 to 20 mm Hg in either systolic or diastolic pressure. The results suggest that a clinically dangerous rise in systemic blood pressure from use of these drops is not common. However, to lessen the risk further, it seems advisable to use drops containing 10% phenylephrine only when lower concentrations are ineffective in dilating the pupils. PMID- 7258973 TI - Canalicular repair using a common angiocath. PMID- 7258974 TI - [Incidence and prognostic significance of recurrence hydatidiform mole]. PMID- 7258976 TI - [Diagnosis and follow-up of syphilis by serological tests (author's transl)]. AB - Sensitivity and specificity of TPHA, TPI, RPCF, Kline's and Kolmer's tests are compared in a retrospective study carried out on 2,500 sera. The interest of these tests differs as far as diagnosis and survey of syphilis are concerned and the association of TPHA with a quantitative test as Kline's test appears optimal. TPHA is highly sensitive and specific. Its positivity, which usually remains after treatment, is particularly valuable in the diagnosis of cases of late syphilis. Its association with a quantitative test brings a better evaluation of the evolutivity of the disease. PMID- 7258975 TI - [The laboratory in obstetrics: routine use of automatic apparatus]. PMID- 7258977 TI - [Dermal mastocytes, histaminaemia, and oral photochemotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - One patient with urticaria pigmentosa was treated with PUVA. This treatment resulted in generalized tanning, decrease of Darier's sign and improvement of pruritus. However, the hyperpigmented macules overlying the mast cell infiltrates showed some persistence. This patient was subjected to biopsy of lesional skin before, during and at the end of oral photochemotherapy. During and after PUVA therapy, histological examination revealed an increased number of free granules and a progressive decrease in the number of dermal mastocytes. Ultrastructurally necrotic cellular changes in the dermal mastocytes were observed. This suggests that PUVA-therapy may exercise its beneficial effect in urticaria pigmentosa by direct destruction of these cells. In addition, PUVA stimulates mast cell degranulation. Histaminaemia was estimated in this patient, before and after several irradiations. No significant changes were observed. Furthermore, histaminaemia was assayed in 15 patients with various dermatoses undergoing PUVA therapy. No significant changes were observed. It is concluded that histaminaemia assayed using the fluorometric method of Shore et al. remains unchanged during oral photochemotherapy. PMID- 7258978 TI - [Chronic pseudo-erythroplasic balanitis and vulvitis: histological study (author's transl)]. AB - A case of pseudoerythroplasic vulvitis with histological features similar to purpuric telangiectasic and lichenoid balanitis is reported. The plasma cell infiltrate is usually discrete in these cases of chronic pseudoerythroplasic vulvitis and balanitis (CPVB). The authors suggest that these GPVB and Zoon's balanitis may represent different stages in the course of a same pathological process. PMID- 7258979 TI - [Epithelioma cuniculatum]. PMID- 7258980 TI - [Adrenal insufficiency and iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome by cutaneous absorption of corticosteroids in an 8 month old infant]. PMID- 7258981 TI - [Treatment of vitiligo by association of DNCB-PUVA]. PMID- 7258982 TI - [High-grade malignant mycosis fungoides with cytological transformation (author's transl)]. AB - In the Kiel-classification of non-Hodgkin lymphomas a distinction is made between low and high grade malignancy. Mycosis fungoides is listed among the low grade malignant lymphomas because in the cellular infiltrate small lymphoid cells are predominant. Two cases are reported in which the cellular infiltrate of the cutaneous lesions consists mostly of large lymphoid cells resembling lymphoblasts and immunoblasts indicating a high grade malignancy. This type of cellular infiltrate appeared as a blastic transformation from mycosis fungoides very early in one case and at a later stage in another. Clinically these two cases were characterized by a rapid progression leading to the deaths of the patients. The cytological analysis in cutaneous lesions of mycosis fungoides seems to have a prognostical and possibly a therapeutical bearing. PMID- 7258983 TI - [Hepatitis of the secondary syphilis (author's transl)]. AB - A case of syphitic hepatitis is reported. This rare manifestation during the second stage, is characterised by a important cholestasis and a moderated cytolysis. The biologic pattern and the histologic findings allow the difference with viral hepatitis. The manifestation is more frequent in homosexual people. The specific treatment is quickly effective and the short and long-term prognosis is good. PMID- 7258984 TI - [Cutaneous mastocytosis with secondary anetoderma and cicatricial alopecia associated with a valve disease]. PMID- 7258985 TI - [Papillary adenoma of the nipple associated with a supernumerary areola]. PMID- 7258986 TI - [Isolated inguinal adenopathy of the only symptom of a gonococcal infection]. PMID- 7258988 TI - [Laser in dermatology: biological effects; indications (author's transl)]. AB - The various laser-systems can be classified according to: 1) the wavelength or range of wavelengths of the beam and 2) the method of delivery of the laser output: continuous or pulsed. -- Principal continuous-wave lasers are: -- the argon-ion laser, which produces multiple transitions ranging from 448 to 544 nm, - the neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet (Y. A. G.) operating in the near infrared at a wavelength of 1,060 nm, -- and the carbon-dioxide laser with its output occurring in the far infrared, at 10,600 nm. Continuous-wave lasers induce essentially thermal effects which are used to coagulate or volatilize various superficial skin lesions. But when high power density is required, the relative benefit of lasers as compared with other conventional thermal devices (such as high-frequency electrocoagulator) is not obvious. On the other hand, the argon laser is capable of selectivity damaging pigmented cutaneous lesions with satisfactory healing of the laser wound and sparing of the overlying skin. This selective absorption is useful in the treatment of some vascular lesions such as port-wine stain or melanotic lesions or tattoos, and gives a good results. The specific color absorption is not so pronounced with the Nd-YAG laser and is absent with the carbon dioxide laser, chiefly used as an "optical scalpel". Photochemical effects produced by other continuous-wave lasers such as U.V. lasers, seem to be of interest in photobiology research and in destruction of tumors after the addition of a colorant. -- Pulsed laser systems produce not only thermal but also "non-linear" reactions, which are not well-known. The classical ruby laser is still appropriate in the treatment of some skin lesions. PMID- 7258987 TI - [Silvery hair in children: a symptom of leucogranulocytic and melanocytic diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Nine children with silvery hair have been dermatologically studied: eight out nine presented a context of abnormal sensitivity to infections. The study of pigmentation, granulocytes functions and immunity system allows a separation in several types: 1) 4 patients had a characteristic Chediak-Higashi syndrome, this diagnosis being based on pigmentary and immunohematological grounds. 2) Two siblings exhibited functional disturbance of the Chediak-Higashi type, but without its cytological abnormalities. A third patient resembled closely to this picture, but was insufficiently investigated. 3) The eighth patient has been studied by Drs. Griscelli and Prunieras who had previously described a new disease on immunological, hematological and pigmentary grounds. All these case with defective polymorphonuclear functions have febrile peaks with accelerated aggravation close to Chediak-Higashi syndrome. 4) The ninth patient with silvery hair does not have any immunological abnormalities, nor any accelerated phase at the age of eight but suffers from diffuse epilepsy, cerebellar and chorioretinal atrophy. PMID- 7258989 TI - [Dermatomyositis associated with lethal pulmonary fibrosis and cutaneous necrosis (author's transl)]. AB - This clinical report concerns a 57 year old woman with dermatomyositis and cardiac involvement. After an apparent clinical and biological improve of the muscular and myocardic symptoms, a pulmonary involvement was reported. There was a persistent high rate of lacticodeshydrogenase serum activity. Then, cutaneous ulcerations and necrosis appeared on the extremities of limbs. Dermatomyositis associated with cutaneous necrosis and pulmonary fibrosis has a very severe prognosis. PMID- 7258990 TI - [Keratosis lichenoides chronica with mucous membrane involvement and ocular pseudo-pemphigus. Follow-up study over 18 years. Retinoid therapy (author's transl)]. AB - A very uncommon ocular and mucocutaneous syndrome is reported. Cutaneous manifestations include keratotic plugs occasionally disposed into verrucous plaques (in mountainous chain), lichenoid lesions on face, neck and hand's back, and nail's involvement. Histologically three types of lesions are observed: marked hyperkeratosis, lichenoid aspect, and follicular pustulosis. Mucous membranes alterations, present for almost as long as 20 years, include stomatitis, chronic balanitis with ulcerative and keratotic lesions leading to synechiae; ocular abnormalities has had a follow up into lesions similar to those of cicatricial pemphigoid; direct immunofluorescence study in the vicinity of a buccal erosion showed a complement deposit on basement membrane; immunofluorescence studies on involved and uninvolved skin, and indirect immunofluorescence were negative. Several diagnosis were considered, in first place an atypical Reiter's syndrome. A part the possibility of a new entity, the most attractive hypothesis is this of a keratosis lichenoides chronica with severe mucous cicatrical lesions. A large number of treatment had been inefficacious but a clear improvement of keratotic lesions was noted with oral retinoid therapy. PMID- 7258991 TI - [Madurella mycetomi maduromycosis]. PMID- 7258992 TI - [Phototoxic capacity of 10 percent benzoyl peroxide]. PMID- 7258993 TI - Hepatocystis in Hypsignathus monstrosus (pteropinea) in Gaboon I. Hepatocystis malaria in a hammerhead bat population in Gaboon, West Africa. AB - Blood smears from 142 Hypsignathus monstrosus collected from one site in Gaboon were examined; 139 bats showed Hepatocystis infection; it seems that all animals have acquired Hepatocystis infection by the time they are 6 months of age. Intensity of parasitemias varies according to age, sex and for females to their reproductive status. PMID- 7258994 TI - [Demography and the phenomenon of intraspecific competition of Gymnophallidae Morozov, 1955 in the second intermediate hosts (Trematoda, Digenea)]. AB - In Gymnophallidae life-cycle, the primary host is very often a Lamelli-branch, rarely a Prosobranch; the second intermediate host is usually a Pelecypod, rarely a Prosobranch or an Annelid. The first host is generally sedentary; consequently, cercariae are not widely spread. The second intermediate host cannot explore all the environment. These characters are not in favour of the parasite. Adaptation of Gymnophallid cycle consists in a very large cercarial productivity (several millions for only one first host). The recruiting modalities of Gymnophallid larvae by the second intermediate host are not always the same. Two different mechanisms have been discovered. The first one consists of a limited recruiting. The number of metacercariae is not always growing up during the host-life. This number depends on the volume of microhabitat. The top number is reached when microhabitat is saturated. The second one consists of a illimited recruiting. The number of parasites increases during all the second host life. This peculiarity is possible because the metacercariae are permanently carried out of the microhabitat where they had settled. Parasites are indeed progressively surrounded by pallial proliferations and become enclosed inside pockets of host tissues. Thus, microhabitat is always free of parasites and infection can go on. There must be a correlation between the mechanism of the recruitment of Gymnophallid larvae by a given second host and the characteristics of the environment where the life cycle unfolds. In confined environment (almost closed lagoons, brackish ponds) the number of cercariae is very large and the recruitment observed is limited. Then, the host-life is preserved. In wide open stations, where hydrodynamism is important, cercariae are scattered. The recruitment observed is illimited. This peculiarity is probably an adaptative factor permitting concentration of larvae in the second intermediate host. PMID- 7258995 TI - [Biological control of Lymnaea truncatula Muller in Haute-Vienne, France. Apropos of several factors limiting its application]. AB - The author analyzes the positive and negative results of a year of biological control by predation on 49 stations of Lymnaea truncatula in Haute-Vienne, France. The negative results can be explained by the effects of 6 natural factors: 1--the rainfall over the habitats during the first 10 days of the experimentation. The rate of natural mortality and predation of L. truncatula is reduced at values above 8 mm rainfall. The predatory snails leave the sodden soil and do not consume L. truncatula; 2--the presence of stone blocks on the habitat. These blocks constitute shelters for L. truncatula; 3--the quality of the plant cover. Rushes and graminaceae preferentially must be used; 4--the previous treatment of the habitat by a molluscicide (copper sulphate) just before the application of biological control. The predators preferentially consume the more poisoned L. truncatula and forsake the more healthy snails; 5--the presence of phoretic acaridae on the predators which die; 6--the behaviour of sheep on the habitats situated on pastures with steep slopes. Their repeated passages cause the squashing of the predators. The proposed solutions are discussed in the limits of the region of experimentation. PMID- 7258996 TI - [In vitro S. mansoni miracidia transformation (author's transl)]. AB - Miracidia de S. mansoni hatched and collected aseptically are able to survive in vitro in suitable media. Development of the miracidia is observed in the same manner that occurs in vivo. They shed their ciliated epidermal cell and miracidium-sporocyst transformation occurs. 30% of the miracidia explanted are transformed in primary sporocystes into 48 h. and are still alive a week later. PMID- 7258997 TI - [Copemania obendorfi n. gen. n. sp. (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) parasite of an Australian marsupial (author's transl)]. AB - Copemania obendorfi n. gen., n. sp., parasitic in Dasyurus maculatus in Victoria shows a mixture of primitive and specialised characters. From the morphology of the bursa, we interpret the species as derived from Nicollina, which are parasites of monotremes and which have invaded marsupialis. PMID- 7258999 TI - [Description of Spirobakerus weitzeli n. g., n. sp., and remarks on the Nematodes Spirocercidae (author's transl)]. AB - Description of Spirobakerus weitzeli n. g., n. sp., parasitic in a Cricetidae of Columbia and revision of the Neotropical Spirocercidae. The taxa Leiuris vazipereirai (Lopez-Neyra, 1951) n. comb. and Texicospirura cesticellus (Molin, 1860) n. comb. are proposed. The endemic neotropical Spirocercidae include: - Four paleoendemic genera: Didelphonema in marsupials, Leiuris in the Bradypodidae, Tejeraia in Caviomorphs and tapirs, and Spirobakerus in the Cricetidae (which in interpreted as an example of the capture phenomenon). Given the conspicuous development and anterior location of the median cephalic formations, these four genera are considered as the most primitive Spirocercidae in the world fauna. --Two recently endemic forms: Texicospirura in peccarries and Physocephalus lassancei in cervids. Their more evolved morphological characters seem to indicate a much later introduction into the Netropical zone. PMID- 7258998 TI - [Description of Zaglonema zaglossi n. gen., n. sp., and Z., ewersi, n. sp., (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) parasitic in the intestine of Zaglossus bruynii in New Guinea (author's transl)]. AB - The new genus Zaglonema is characterised by the presence of primitive cephalic features, a poorly developed synlophe, the presence of a cervical groove, extra branches of the dorsal ray, short spicules and the absence of a spike on the tail of the female. Many of these features distinguish the new genus from the 3 other genera of Trichostrongyloid Nematodes occurring in Monotremes. The new genus appears to have some affinities with the genus Mackerrastrongylus which occurs in perameloid marsupials. PMID- 7259000 TI - Metabolism of lipoproteins in rodent malaria, relationship between lipolysis, steatosis and increased biosynthesis of V.L.D.L. AB - The kinetic study of the seric free fatty acids, total lipids and hepatic triacyglycerides had led us to conclude that the biosynthesis of T.A.G.-rich lipoproteins increases during malaria. It seems that the parasite induces a lipolysis of adipose tissue in order to meet its own needs for fatty acids and that the excess of the latter taken by the liver involves an increased synthesis of the V.L.D.L. The cis-vaccenic acid has also been analysed during the evolution of parasitaemia; these variations by themselves cannot explain the extra parasitic hemolysis. PMID- 7259001 TI - [On the Filariae of the genus Aproctella (Splendidofilariinae) (author's transl)]. AB - Aproctella alessandroi n. sp., parasitic in various Passeriformes in Colombia and Guadeloupe, and A. golvani n. sp., a similar species with smaller microfilariae parasitic in sparrows in Guadeloupe, are described. The life cycle of A. alessandroi was studied in Aedes togoi (development in 13 days in the flight muscles; first-stage larva cylindrical; third-stage larva 1 330-1 600 microns long; oesophago-intestinal junction distinct). The larval biology of Aproctella is very similar to that of Cardiofilaria, confirming the close relationship of these two genera. The biology differs from that of two other genera of Splendidofilariinae of birds, Splendidofilaria and Chandlerella (vectors: Culicoides and Simuliids; development in flight muscles and haemocoel; first stage larva almond-shaped; third stage larva 400-600 microns de long; oesophago intestinal junction indistinct). In these latter genera, the larval biology is remarkably similar to that of Lemdaninae of reptiles and birds (Saurositus, Eufilaria). It seems there is not a distinct separation between the Splendidofilariinae and the Lemdaninae. PMID- 7259002 TI - [Ecology of leishmaniasis in southern France. 16. Contribution to the chemotaxonomy of parasites of Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis. Apropos of 55 strains isolated in the Cevennes, Cote d'Azur, Corsica and Tunisia]. PMID- 7259003 TI - [Quentius kozeki n. g., n. sp., rictularid nematode parasite in an American marsupial (author's transl)]. AB - Description of the female of Quentius kozeki n. g., n. sp., parasitic in Marmose at Cali (Columbia). Because of its cephalic structure, the species is considered to be the most primitive Rictulariidae actually known. In addition, however, it has aberrant and specialized characters. The existence of this species seems to indicate that the rictularioids were established as early as the Cretaceous in American marsupials. They could have been maintained in these animals at least until the Oligocene before invading Northern rodents of the Nearctic region. From these hosts, as Quentin (1971) demonstrated, there was a North-South evolution throughtout the world. PMID- 7259004 TI - [About the encapsulation of maupasina weissi (Nematoda, Subuluroidea) in the experimental intermediate host Locusta migratoria (Insecta, Orthoptera) (author's transl)]. AB - Infective larvae of Maupasine weissi (Nematoda, Subuluroidea) are encapsulated in the adipose tissue of the Insect intermediate host where they elicit a hemocytic reaction. This encapsulation is ambiguous when compared with those of Subulurid and Spirurid Nematodes. It shows a defective adaptation of the parasite to the intermediate host. PMID- 7259005 TI - [Peramelistrongylus Mawson, 1960 and Profilarinema n. gen., trichostrongyloid nematodes apparently transitional between the Strongyloidea and the atypical genus Filarinema Monnig, 1929 (author's transl)]. AB - Peramelistrongylus skedastos Mawson, 1960, type species of the genus Peramelistrongylus Mawson, 1960 is redescribed. Also described is Profilarinema hemsleyi n. gen., n. sp. from Trichosurus vulpecula in Western Australia. The new genus, which is similar to Filarinema, differs from it essentially by the absence of the complex buccal armature which characterizes the latter genus. The genera Batrachostrongylus Yuen, 1963, parasitic in amphibians, Peramelistromgylus, parasitic in perameloid and dasyuroid marsupials, Profilarinema parasitic in phalangerid marsupials and Filarinema Monnig, 1929, parasitic in macropodid marsupials, seem to us to constitute a homogeneous evolutionary line distinct from the other Australian trichostrongyloids. PMID- 7259006 TI - [A new filaria of a squirrel in Thailand, Breinlis (B.) manningi n. sp., and its development in Aedes (author's transl)]. AB - B. (B.) manningi, a parasite of Menetes berdmorei (Sciurinae) in Thailand, is very close to B. (B.) sergenti from an Asian Lemur. As in the other Breinlia, the larva develops in adipose tissue of mosquitoes (Aedes) and the infective form, a little longer than 1 mm, has a proportionnally very long tail (75-92 micron), ended by a conical tip and two lateral salient more or less conical processes. PMID- 7259007 TI - [Phenology and variations of dermecos in some species of Spinturnicidae (Acarina, Mesostigmata) (author's transl)]. AB - Original cards allow to make the first study exclusively on phenology and dermecos of Spinturnicidae. Phenology. Species studied of the genera Spinturnix and Eyndhovenia have reproduction and maximum population during summer: In winter some males and females are resistant stages. On the contrary Paraperiglischrus rhinolophinus is a winter species. Dermecos. Species of the genus Spinturnix are found on the wing membranes of bats all the year. E. euryalis is located on the wing membrane in summer and in the coat bordering on this one during winter. Males of P. rhinolophinus are on the wing membranes females and nymphs on back tail membrane. PMID- 7259008 TI - [Leptosphaeria (?) senegalensis Segretain, Baylet, Darasse et Camain. Perithecia and asci. I. Perithecial ontogeny and structure (author's transl)]. AB - Perithecia of L, snegalensis develop from stromato-glomerular type primordia. One or several female cells (=ascogones), each of them topped by a trichogyne, appear in the carpocentral mass; each ascogone directly produces dicaryotic cells without any intervening pro-sporophytic vesicle. The development of the sterile elements is typical of an ascolocular Pryremomycete with a Pleospora type carpocentrum: formation of a perilocular layer composed of a non persistent subhymenial meniscus and a bell-shaped suprahymenial meniscus generating pseudo paraphyses but no periphyses. PMID- 7259009 TI - [The dog in R. coroni (Brumpt, 1932) Mediterranean rickettsiosis. Results of a seroimmunological study on 634 samples collected in Herault, Vaucluse and upper Corsica]. PMID- 7259011 TI - [A critical study of the responsibility of gastroesophageal reflux in disease of the lower respiratory tract occurring in children above three years of age. A review of 500 case reports (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259010 TI - [Pulmonary function testing in eight children after operation for left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259012 TI - [Kaplan, Grumbach and Hoyt's syndrome: two case reports with cranial tomodensitometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259013 TI - [Stevens-Johnson syndrome and pulmonary infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259014 TI - [Congenital toxoplasmosis with hydranencephaly. A case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259015 TI - [Acrodysostosis. A case report with cranio-facial scanning (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259016 TI - [Aglossia-adactylia syndrome: two new cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259017 TI - [Josamycin and pediatric infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259018 TI - [Preliminary pharmacological studies on Feretia apodanthera Del (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259020 TI - [Phenylpropylamino groups of morphine analgesics plotted with a computer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259021 TI - [Hemoglobin microencapsulation. I. Critical study and propositions of some modifications of the reagents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259019 TI - [Sampling during the manufacturing control of drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259022 TI - [Study of antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo of seven solutions aiming at skin antisepsis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259023 TI - [Degradation of fatty acids by micro-organisms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259024 TI - [Amebicidal and trichomonacidal activity in vitro of derivatives of ditolylamines, bibenzyls, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro 1H-pyrido [3,2-b] azepine, homoveratrylamine and of their analogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259026 TI - [High performance liquid chromatography applied to the residue determination of organophosphorus insecticides in medicinal plants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259025 TI - [Alkaloids of melodinus celastroides Baill (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259027 TI - A silent hypocupremic condition in beef cows fed grass silage and the efficacy of sequestered copper to prevent its occurrence. AB - Three groups of 18 Shorthorn cows were fed, as a sole maintenance diet, grass silage known to produce hypocupremia. Two of these groups were comprised of pregnant cows and the third group of non-pregnant cows. In late Fall, the cows were grouped in inside pens and had free access to a mineral feed. In the mineral feed offered to one of the groups of pregnant cows, 0.25% of sodium chloride was replaced by sequestered copper. The non-supplemented group of pregnant cows showed a decrease in blood plasma copper over wintered and in April, more than half of the animals in this group were hypocupremic. The average copper intake (in the form of sequestered copper) from the mineral feed of 8.7 mg/cow/day was sufficient to prevent the onset of hypocupremia in four-fifths of the cows in the supplemented group. The non-supplemented, non-pregnant group maintained normal blood plasma copper level throughout winter confinement. On release to pasture in early summer, cows in all groups of cows showed upwards trends in blood plasma copper level. At the end of the pasture season the blood plasma copper levels in all groups of cows were normal. Hematological and morphological studies showed that hematopoiesis of the hypocupremic cows were not affected and that they were not suffering from microcytic hypochromic anemia. It was suggested that the soluble proteins in the grass silage reduced the amount of copper available in vivo. This, together with the heavy physiological demand of copper imposed upon the cows by pregnancy, resulted in hypocupremia. PMID- 7259028 TI - [Serological diagnosis of leptospirosis. Comparison of results obtained by macroscopic agglutination in slide test and agglutination-lysis test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259029 TI - [SVCV infection of Carp (author's transl)]. AB - This word was carried out to confirm several pathogenical points which had been previously outlined during SVCV infection trials of carp performed in autumn at + 11 degrees C, when the temperature was naturally decreased. Here, 50 g carp which had undergone the wintering, were infected in spring either via the water-route (2 h in 5 x 10(3) pfu/ml water) or intraperitoneally (5 x 10(3) pfu/fish) when the natural elevation of the water temperature had reached + 11 degrees C. Then the fish appeared to be readily susceptible to infection and the course of the disease estimated by the virus detection in gill, blood and water, was 3 to 4 times quicker than that of the autumn infection. The virus detection in gill is the first clue of contamination and the viraemia accounts for the spleen and kidney target cells infection and its increase is fatal. PMID- 7259030 TI - [Tuberculosis of the goat: biological diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259031 TI - Evidence of different types of acidosis associated with diarrhea in the neonatal calf. AB - Suckling calves suffering from diarrhea at various ages were examined. Striking differences in the biochemical disturbances were observed in plasma between postnatal (2.3 days old, on average) and older calves (14.7 days old). Severe dehydration and hypovolaemia in the youngest calves was accompanied by a marked acidosis with hyperlactataemia, hyperalaninaemia and a considerable increase of most other amino acids. Simultaneously, there was an increase of plasma potassium and of plasma magnesium. In contrast, in diarrheic calves more than 6 days old, acidosis was also observed with minor changes in plasma amino acids and without hyperlactataemia. There were only minimal changes in the plasma magnesium concentration in the older calves. No evident lipomobilization was observed during the course of the disease. PMID- 7259032 TI - Magnesium and zinc blood levels in mice sensitive to audiogenic seizures. PMID- 7259033 TI - [Hog cholera diagnosis: an improved technique of seroneutralization based on use of a cytolytic virus strain in microplate (author's transl)]. AB - An improved technique for the detection of hog cholera virus (HCV) neutralizing antibodies is described, in which running of the test is greatly facilitated by use of a cytolytic strain of HCV. This strain was isolated from persistently infected IB-RS 2, and was shown to induce a distinct cytopathic effect in several pig kidney cell lines (Laude, 1978). For the assay, serum samples at 1 : 10 are diluted serially twofold in disposable microplates, then 1 x 10(4) PFU of the virus-stock are added in each well. Trypsinized RP-TG cells are dispensed at 2 x 10(4)/well after 1 hour contact at 38 degrees C. After 4 days of incubation at 38 degrees C, plates are sequentially stained with neutral red and lugol, to make the undestroyed monolayers visualized. Neutralizing titre is expressed as the highest dilution of the serum affording a 75 percent protection of monolayer. This procedure has proved to be a labor saving technique yet being as reproducible and as sensitive as the immunofluorescence-tests. It combines the following advantages: 1) The immunofluorescence step is suppressed. 2) Results can be recorded without the aid of microscope. 3) The test is miniaturized. 4) Cultures of continuous cell lines are used. 5) The challenge virus is attenuated for the pig. Therefore this technique can be recommended for routine serological survey of the HCV-infection in pig-herds. PMID- 7259034 TI - [Anastomoses using the EEA stapling device. Report on one hundred and four cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259035 TI - [Stump carcinoma. A report of ten cases (in a series of 235 gastric cancer cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259036 TI - [Treatment during the acute phase of tenosynovitis of the flexor tendons digital sheaths in the hand. Report on forty-five cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259037 TI - [Arthrodesis of the hip in children and teen-agers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259038 TI - [Tiapride and alcoholism in surgical practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259039 TI - [Emergency in maxillo-facial traumatology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259040 TI - [One case of recurrent torsion of a visceroptosed spleen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259041 TI - [The role of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7259042 TI - [Recent advances in the knowledge about the sinus node and malfunctions of the sinus]. PMID- 7259043 TI - [Clinical and diagnostic aspects of annular aneurysm of the aorta]. PMID- 7259045 TI - [Return to work after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7259044 TI - [Medico-legal aspects of cardiology in daily practice, on returning to work preoperative check ups]. PMID- 7259046 TI - [Surgical treatment of right post-traumatic aorto-ventricular fistula. Report of a case]. PMID- 7259047 TI - [Spasm in cardiac and vascular pathology. Introduction]. PMID- 7259048 TI - [Spasm in coronary arteries]. PMID- 7259049 TI - [Role of spasm in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7259050 TI - [Spasm in cerebral vascular disease]. PMID- 7259051 TI - [Vascular spasm of the limbs]. PMID- 7259052 TI - [Spasm and Raynaud's phenomenon]. PMID- 7259053 TI - [Spasm in cardiac and vascular pathology. Conclusion]. PMID- 7259054 TI - [Current knowledge about the mechanism and prevention of arterial thrombosis]. PMID- 7259055 TI - Glutaraldehyde pre-treated human saphenous and umbilical veins as xenogeneic small vessel substitutes and shunts in dogs. AB - A total of 84 grafts 100 mm in length was inserted as arterial and shunt conduits in 31 mongrel dogs. There were 24 glutaraldehyde pre-treated vein bypass grafts, 15 glutaraldehyde pre-treated vein shunt grafts, 9 fresh, untreated vein bypass grafts, 10 combined teflon-glutaraldehyde pre-treated vein shunt grafts, 11 glutaraldehyde pre-treated umbilical vein shunt grafts, 11 glutaraldehyde pre treated umbilical vein bypass grafts, 4 dacron mesh covered modified umbilical vein bypass grafts. The internal diamter was 4 mm in all the saphenous vein grafts and in seven of the umbilical vein grafts and 6 mm in all other grafts. After an implantation period of 0.5--2.5 months, 5 of the 24 glutaraldehyde pre treated saphenous vein bypass grafts were patent, and the rest thrombosed. These grafts were very adherent to surrounding structures. Glutaraldehyde pre-treated saphenous vein shunt grafts occluded within 2.5 months. Combined teflon glutaraldehyde pre-treated saphenous vein shunt grafts functioned better, 6 of 10 grafts being patent after 4.0--6.0 months. Eight of 9 fresh grafts were thrombosed within one month. Eleven glutaraldehyde pre-treated human umbilical vein bypass grafts were followed up for 5.0 months and both those with a 4 mm internal diameter and those with 6 mm functioned well. Glutaraldehyde pre-treated human umbilical shunt grafts also functioned well up to 5.0 months. Reactive changes were minimal around umbilical grafts. PMID- 7259056 TI - Healing of femoral neck fractures; influence of fracture reduction and age. AB - In the present study, the influence on healing of femoral neck fractures of reduction of the fracture and the age of the patients were investigated in 446 consecutive cases treated by internal fixation. If the fracture was reduced in valgus position anteroposteriorly, 90% of the cases healed, and if anatomical reduction was achieved the figure was 77%. However, if the fracture remained in varus position bone union was obtained in only 63%. After a good lateral reduction internal fixation resulted in failures in 22% of cases, if a satisfactory in 26%, but poor lateral reduction was followed by failure in 49% of cases. There was correlation to reduction position in all Garden's Stages. With regard to the healing of the fracture, reduction in lateral as well as anteroposterior views were of equal importance. The patient's age did not influence the failure rate in 22% of cases. With increasing age progressive decrease of healing was encountered. The number of patients attending for follow up until bony union decreased also due to a high mortality rate in these patients. Internal fixation was found to be the treatment of choice in femoral neck fractures, provided that a satisfactory reduction could be obtained. PMID- 7259057 TI - Fractures of the patella. One hundred consecutive cases. AB - The series comprises 100 patella fractures treated during the period 1974-1977. Seventy-eight patients were treated operatively. The most common operative method was partial excision, which was performed in 36 patients. Twenty-four patients were treated with equatorially placed cerclage wires, while 10 patients were treated with tension band fixation only (AO). All the operated patellas were immobilized postoperatively in a plaster cast cylinder for a mean duration of 5.2 weeks. The average observation time was 18 weeks. At follow-up attention was paid to subjective symptoms and radiological findings, clinical status and duration of incapacity for work. The clinical results were considered excellent or good in 71 patients and the subjective assessments were excellent or good in 63. Superficial infections were recorded in three cases and in seven patients the osteosynthesis had deteriorated. The results suggest that tension band fixation and partial excision of the patella are methods of choice for patellar fractures requiring operative management. PMID- 7259060 TI - Who shall control the controllers? A personal views. AB - Many attempt are now being made by external agencies to assess the quality of assay performance in hormone laboratories. Some of the problems associated with this are discussed and some remedies are proposed. PMID- 7259061 TI - An evaluation of the first production model of the Rank Hilger Chemispek multichannel electrolyte analyser. AB - The first production model of the Rank Hilger Chemispek multichannel analyser was evaluated. It is a six-channel machine for the analysis of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, urea, and creatinine. We chose to run it at 120 samples per hour. The machine was shown to be economical in the volumes of both samples (200 microliters) and regents, flexible, accurate, and precise. It performance was better than that of other machines with a similar capacity and it is considerably cheaper. PMID- 7259058 TI - Some aspects of prophylactic oophorectomy and ovarian carcinoma. AB - The early diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma is as difficult and rare as ever before. Despite the appearance of sophisticated drugs and combinations of these with surgery and radiotherapy the prognosis still remains the same as during the last 30 years, i.e. overall survival between 20 to 30%. This study concerns the impact of prophylactic oophorectomy in Sweden. 4.6% of ovarian carcinoma patients had received pelvic surgery at some time prior to the diagnosis of ovarian cancer and after the age of 40. With the help of statistical data it is estimated that about one hundred out of the approximately thousand women per year who now develop ovarian cancer in Sweden could be saved if prophylactic oophorectomy were practised in our country. Various aspects of prophylactic oophorectomy and its effects are discussed. It is our opinion that every gynaecologist/surgeon should seriously take into consideration and discuss the possibility of prophylactic oophorectomy in the perimenopausal patient before operation. Not to perform prophylactic oophorectomy during pelvic surgery after the menopause seems to us to be an unreasonable practice. PMID- 7259059 TI - Connective tissue changes in autogenous vein graft used as a mesocaval shunt. AB - Autogenous jugular vein was used as a mesocaval shunt in dogs with ligated portal vein. Nine out of fifteen animals survived the operation and could be used for further studies one month postoperatively. Immediately after the shunt procedure an increased portosystemic pressure gradient was observed. However, this returned to normal at one month after the operation. At this time the graft was patient in seven out of nine dogs. Histological studies of the graft showed a smooth neointima and an increased number of elastin fibers in the media. The collagen concentration of the vein wall was significantly reduced and the glucosaminoglycans were significantly increased. It was however, not possible to assess the relative role of the operative trauma and the new haemodynamic and anatomical environment. PMID- 7259063 TI - A radioimmunoassay for ethinyl oestradiol in plasma incorporating an immunosorbent, pre-assay purification procedure. AB - A radioimmunoassay for plasma ethinyl oestradiol, featuring an immunosorbent extraction procedure, is described. Ethinyl oestradiol (EE2) was extracted using a non-specific, anti-oestrogen serum, raised to an oestradiol-17-hemisuccinate conjugate. The antiserum, coupled to microcrystalline cellulose, selectively extracted EE2 but not norethisterone ( NE), thus conferring specificity on a radioimmunoassay which has previously exhibited unacceptably high cross reactivity with the synthetic progestagen, norethisterone, often used concomitantly with ethinyl oestradiol. This radioimmunoassay was shown to fulfil accepted assay validation criteria. Levels in subjects not receiving EE2 were less than 25 pmol/l. Circulating concentrations of EE2 could therefore be accurately determined in patients receiving low-dose combined preparations (EE2 35 micrograms; NE 500 micrograms). PMID- 7259064 TI - Interference by polar metabolites in a direct radioimmunoassay for plasma aldosterone. AB - The CIS Aldoctk-125 kit, a direct radioimmunoassay for plasma aldosterone, has been compared with a conventional technique involving solvent extraction. Results given by these two methods were poorly correlated (r = 0.445, n = 103), the direct assay giving higher values, particularly in patients being dialysed for renal failure. When the kit was modified to include an extraction step, results correlated well with those of the standard method (r = 0.952, n = 60). These observations suggested interference form polar metabolites. The possibility that glucuronides were responsible was investigated by measuring plasma aldosterone before and after hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase. Higher post-hydrolysis values confirmed the presence of glucuronides in plasma from normal subjects and patients with renal failure. Preliminary chromatographic studies on plasma form nine dialysis patients indicated the presence of tetrahydroaldosterone 3 glucuronide, and it is thought that this metabolite might contribute to the high values obtained with the direct assay. PMID- 7259062 TI - Analytical errors in clinical laboratories as assessed by an interlaboratory survey. AB - Combined errors ar the commonest systematic errors in laboratory results and occur with most tests studied. In these errors, results are reduced (or, less commonly, increased) by a factor, and this effect is compensated by the addition (or subtraction) of a constant amount. The effect is that results are in error in opposite direction at high and low levels. Inconsistency is predominant and is due mainly to imprecision, although for some tests (iron, cholesterol, calcium, and triglycerides among those studied) other factors such as non-specificity are significant. An interlaboratory survey based upon external method assessment using linear regression analysis provided objective information about analytical error in laboratories which is not usually obtained, while at the same time meeting the usual functions of surveys in the quality audit of performance. PMID- 7259065 TI - Prolactin and impotence in diabetes mellitus. AB - A study was undertake to determine whether impotence in some diabetic patients might be due to a coincidental prolactinoma and therefore be potentially treatable. Of 83 consecutive men attending a diabetic clinic, three were found to have persistent mile to moderate hyperprolactinaemia. None of the three was impotent or taking any drug know to be associated with elevated serum prolactin, and anterior pituitary responses and pituitary fossa tomograms did not reveal any abnormality. The mean serum prolactin concentration of the 37 insulin-treated men was not significantly different from that of the 46 men on diet with or without anti-diabetic tablets, nor was there any significant difference between the mean serum prolactin concentrations of the 19 impotent men and of the 64 non-impotent men. PMID- 7259066 TI - A comparison of some methods of phenotyping the plasma cholinesterase variants using benzoylcholine as substrate. AB - Five differential inhibitors of plasma cholinesterase have been compared using benzoylcholine as substrate. None of the inhibitors (dibucaine, NaF, NaBr, NaCl, or pancuronium dibutyryloxy bromide) could be used singly to resolve all the variants. Better resolution was obtained when two inhibitors were used in conjunction. Clear differentiation of all six genotypes was obtained only with the combined use of pancuronium dibutyryloxy bromide and sodium fluoride. The limitations of some of the parameters are discussed. PMID- 7259067 TI - On the standardisation of the direct spectrophotometric bilirubin determination. Influence of the albumin source and the molar bilirubin: albumin ratio. AB - The influence of different albumin solutions and of the molar bilirubin/albumin ratio on the bilirubin concentration determined by the method for Hertz et al. was studied. There is good agreement between the true-bilirubin concentrations and those obtained by the Hertz method for bilirubin-HSA and bilirubin-serum solutions. Moreover the observed concentration is scarcely influenced by the molar ratio. Bilirubin standards in HSA-solutions can thus be used to standardise this method. Errors are introduced by preparing standards in BSA-solutions as the absorption spectrum of bilirubin-BSA is different from that of bilirubin-HSA. PMID- 7259068 TI - Predictive value of derived calcium figures based on the measurement of ionised calcium. AB - The algorithms used in this hospital to assess calcium status are calculated ionised serum calcium and the serum calcium concentration adjusted for albumin. In order to establish their clinical usefulness, they were compared with the ionised calcium concentration measured on the Nova 2 instrument in patients with various calcium and protein abnormalities. Good correlation was found between the measured and calculated values. The predictive values for the calculated results and for total serum calcium concentrations are presented. In this series, the derived values were useful in predicting the serum ionised calcium concentration of the patients studied. PMID- 7259069 TI - Simple adaptation of the Technicon SMAC system to operate 18 channels with reduced volumes of plasma. AB - The Technicon SMAC system was adapted to function with much smaller volumes of plasma than those used in standard procedures. With only minimal operator-entered changes to the 7.6 computer program, and simple modifications of the glucose and alkaline phosphatase channels, the SMAC analyser performed equally well when the plasma volume was decreased from 235 microliter sequentially down through 176 microliter, 142 microliter, and 105 microliter. The basic principle employed was to maintain a constant flow rate of diluted sample plus diluent with decreasing sample size. The instrument proved to have the capability of operating successfully on all channels with lower signals than those encountered with the unmodified system. PMID- 7259070 TI - More so-called big-big gastrin in patients with duodenal ulcer after feeding. PMID- 7259071 TI - Albumin. PMID- 7259072 TI - Pre- and post-treatment values of HDL cholesterol and total: HDL cholesterol ratio in hyperlipoproteinaemic subjects. AB - High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were measured in fasting blood samples from 74 controls and 185 patients with untreated primary hyperlipoproteinaemia. The mean HDL cholesterol levels and the total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratios were significantly different between male and female subjects. Only patients with Fredrickson type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia had HDL cholesterol concentrations significantly lower than controls, but all subjects with hyperlipoproteinaemia had total:HDL cholesterol ratios significantly higher than control values. Subsequent investigations were performed on 31 patients during treatment of the hyperlipoproteinaemia by diet alone or in combination with clofibrate. Responses were variable, but generally improvements in the concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol were accompanied by an unchanged or decreased total:HDL cholesterol ratio, although there was not necessarily an increase in the HDL cholesterol itself. PMID- 7259073 TI - Ionic fluoride: a study of its physiological variation in man. AB - The serum ionic fluoride concentrations in 497 normal individuals, from areas with non-fluoridated water supplies, ranged from 0.25 to 2.20 micromol F-/1 and were positively correlated with age (r = 0.31, p less than 0.001). Distribution of the data with age, coupled with the distribution of serum calcium with age, suggests a possible change in bone metabolism between 26 and 35 years of age. Serum fluoride levels vary with the time of day with a mean minimum value at 0800 and a mean peak value at 2200. Renal clearance studies gave fluoride ion clearances ranging from 19.5 to 44.0 ml/min and tubular reabsorption of fluoride ion ranging from 61.5 to 86.5%. After oral ingestion of 0.48 mmol sodium fluoride, peak serum levels occurred at 60 to 90 minutes; the peak levels were significantly higher in women than in men. PMID- 7259074 TI - Measurement of plasma progesterone and its O-methyloxime by gas chromatography nitrogen detection. AB - A routine method for the quantitation of plasma progesterone, using only 1 ml of sample, has been developed based on gas chromatography-nitrogen detection of the O-methyloxime derivative. Simple solvent extraction of progesterone from plasma using cyclohexane as solvent and medrogestone as internal standard allows measurement at the 3 nmol/l level, while the coefficient of variation at 16, 64, and 127 nmol/l progesterone is 14, 7.5, and 6.5% respectively. Comparison with a radioimmunoassay gave a linear regression equation of Y = 0.84x + 1.4, Syx = 7.8, r = 0.9255 (n = 55). PMID- 7259077 TI - Puerperal endometritis and intrauterine fetal heart rate monitoring. AB - The incidence of puerperal endometritis in 5058 patients who were delivered during a one year study period was recorded prospectively. Caesarean section was performed in 774 cases (15.3%) and intrauterine fetal heart rate monitoring was used in 2016 cases (39.9%). After vaginal delivery, the incidence of endometritis was 1.5% in those monitored externally and 2.4% in those monitored internally (P less than 0.05). After Caesarean section, endometritis occurred in 8.0% of those monitored externally and in 16.4% of those monitored internally for varying times (P less than 0.01). The duration of monitoring had no significant effect on these infection rates. The risk of puerperal endometritis after internal fetal monitoring seemed to be the same as after one vaginal examination. PMID- 7259076 TI - Automated radioimmunoassay of total and free thyroxine in human serum. AB - A rapid, automated method for the measurement of total and free thyroxine in serum by radioimmunoassay is described. The method uses a commercially available antiserum covalently coupled to finely divided cellulose. A non-equilibrium reaction provides a very fast procedure: 80 samples can be analysed for total and free thyroxine within 3 hours using the Kemtek 3000 automated immunoassay system. The method also has the advantage that a small sample volume (6.25 microliter) is required and that it yields high precision. Serum total and free thyroxine concentrations in healthy euthyroid subjects, pregnant women, and hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients are reported. PMID- 7259075 TI - A comparison of free thyroxine concentration and the free thyroxine index as diagnostic tests of thyroid function. AB - Serum free thyroxine concentrations, measured by the Immo Phase kit, and free thyroxine index values were compared in 200 subjects classified according to age, sex, and clinical diagnosis. The free thyroxine concentration was as good as the free thyroxine index in hyperthyroid, hypothyroid, elderly, and acutely ill patients and a better diagnostic index of thyroid status in pregnancy and in oral contraception. PMID- 7259078 TI - Role of halothane in QT-time prolongation and dysrhythmias during microlaryngoscopy. AB - To study the mechanism of dysrhythmias during microlaryngoscopy, heart rate corrected QT-times (QTc) were measured in three different methods of anaesthesia. A balanced anaesthesia was induced by Althesin in 96 patients, or by thiopentone in 68 patients. Halothane anaesthesia was induced by Althesin in 23 patients. In all groups the mean QTc-time was significantly longer during the manipulation of vocal cords than before the induction of anaesthesia. Dysrhythmias are also most common during the procedure. With the Althesin-halothane combination, however, the prolongation of QTc-time was most pronounced: Control X +/- SE 408.4 +/- 5.5 msec, manipulation 432.3 +/- 6.7 msec, p less than 0.001. Among those patients who had dysrhythmias during the procedure, only the patients in the Althesin halothane group had significantly longer QTc-time than before anaesthesia. In patients with supra-ventricular dysrhythmias, differences of QTc-time did not reach significant level. Significant prolongation of QTc-time occurred in patients with ventricular ectopic beats (p less than 0.05) and junctional rhythm (p less than 0.02) but only in the Althesin-halothane group. PMID- 7259079 TI - The predictive value of mechanocardiographic measurements with respect to angina pectoris. AB - Systolic time intervals (STI) and the apexcardiographic A wave were measured to evaluate their predictive value with respect to angina pectoris (AP) in a group of 1231 men aged from 17 to 64 years. At entry 55 men had typical AP and during a 4-year follow-up 87 men developed AP. The mean STI values were significantly lengthened and the A wave height increased in subjects with manifest old AP compared with the other subjects. Analysis of the incidence of new AP by quintiles of STI showed that the AP incidence was related to the duration of electromechanical systole (QS2) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET). The lowest AP incidence was found in the second quintile of QS2 and increased gradually towards the highest QS2 quintile. The highest AP incidence was, however, found in subjects with the shortest QS2. The AP incidence analyzed by the quintiles of LVET showed a gradual decrease from the lowest to the fourth quintile, but the highest AP incidence was observed in the highest LVET quintile. These relationship between the STI and AP incidence persisted after age adjustment. The A wave height was significantly increased in subjects who developed new AP. The quintile approach, however, failed to show an increase of age-adjusted AP incidence in the highest A wave quintile. Our data thus show that typical angina is associated with abnormal STI measurements and that in asymptomatic men a lengthened as well as shortened QS2 and LVET and a high apexcardiographic A wave are associated with an increased risk of angina pectoris. PMID- 7259080 TI - Cardiovascular responses to static and dynamic effort three weeks after myocardial infarction. AB - Left ventricular responses to dynamic and static exercises were compared in 20 patients three weeks after myocardial infarction. Radiocardiography was used to determine the ventricular volumes at rest and during hand grip and bicycle exercise tests. The dynamic exercise increased cardiac output (p less than 0.001), and the end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle increased (p less than 0.005) from the resting value while the ejection fraction decreased (p less than 0.005). Static hand grip exertion did not increase cardiac output or the end diastolic volume. Decrease of the stroke volume and the ejection fraction (p less than 0.001 both) again reflected pump dysfunction during the afterload stress. Our data revealed that patients with recent myocardial infarction had a range of ventricular responses to dynamic exercise. Poor response in the ejection fraction was noted in anterior infarction and in those patients using digoxin and/or diuretics after infarction. During static exercise, on the other hand, impairment of cardiac performance was constant, irrespective of the site of infarction. Reduction of the ejection fraction was greater during static exercise in the patients receiving digoxin and/or diuretics than in those not taking these drugs. PMID- 7259081 TI - Dynamic and static exercise haemodynamics after acute myocardial infarction. AB - The cardiovascular responses to dynamic and static exercises were studied in 20 patients by exercise tests performed at 3 weeks and 12 weeks after acute myocardial infarction. The left ventricular size and volume output were determined by radiocardiography. The mean cardiac output during dynamic exercise at the second study was 24% (p less than 0.05) higher than at the first study, mainly because the peak heart rate was 19% (p less than 0.05) higher. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume or its response to ergometric exercise did not change during the 3-month follow-up and the ejection fraction and stroke volume showed minor changes only. During static exercise a 3% better increase in cardiac output was seen from 3 to 12 weeks, without any improvement in ejection fraction. At the 12-week study the changes in cardiac performance during ergometric exercise were not related to the site of infarction or drug therapy. During static exercise slight improvement of cardiac output, stroke volume and ejection fraction responses were seen in the course of time, but only in the patients with inferior infarction and in those not receiving digoxin and/or diuretics. The mean cardiac output during dynamic exercise improved by one-quarter, mainly due to a higher peak heart rate, in the course of the 3-month follow-up after myocardial infarction. Otherwise, haemodynamic variables during dynamic or static exercises within 3 months showed insignificant sequential changes only. PMID- 7259082 TI - The predictive value of mechanocardiographic measurements with respect to myocardial infarction. AB - Systolic time intervals (STI) and apex cardiographic A wave amplitude were measured to assess their predictive value for coronary heart disease in 1231 men aged from 17 to 64 years. Thirteen men had had a previous myocardial infarction (MI) and during a 4-year follow-up there were 30 new MI cases. Men with previous MI showed prolongations of the STI, but when the STI were corrected for the effect of age, heart rate, blood pressure and body size, the differences did not remain statistically significant. On the other hand, men who had MI during the follow-up, had significantly prolonged STI at the initial examination, and this difference remained significant also after correction for the other factors. The apexcardiographic A wave did not show any consistent relationship either to the presence of old MI or the occurrence of a new MI. Analysis of the incidence of new MI by quintiles of STI showed that the 4-year incidence of MI was related to the duration of electromechanical systole (QS2) and pre-ejection period (PEP). 80% of new MI cases were in the two highest quintiles of QS2 and MI incidence increased gradually from 0.7% in the quintile with shortest PEP to 6.9% in the highest quintile of PEP. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the duration of QS2 or PEP had a significant, positive correlation with the incidence of MI, even when the effect of age and blood pressure was taken into account. In conclusion, myocardial dysfunction detectable by means of mechanocardiography in asymptomatic subjects has a predictive value with respect to future myocardial infarction. PMID- 7259083 TI - Serum bile acid concentrations in the course of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis. AB - The patient reported here represents the classic features of the syndrome of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC). She had conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia during the neonatal period and early infancy. The concentrations of serum primary bile acids, cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were determined by radioimmunoassay and were continuously extremely raised during the icteric, recovery, and also the anicteric phases of the disease. The ratio of CA to CDCA was always within the normal range. The secondary serum bile acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA), was only slightly raised. The oral cholate tolerance test was abnormal in the patient during the anicteric phase. These observations support the suggestion that a disturbance of the hepatocellular bile acid transport may be the primary defect in BRIC. PMID- 7259084 TI - Changes in urine polyamines in childhood leukemias. AB - Urine polyamine:creatinine ratios (nm per mg) measured in eight children with active hematologic cancers were compared with those of age-matched controls and children with hematologic cancer in remission. Polyamine:creatinine ratios in the children with active disease were significantly higher than those of the controls (p less than 0.0025) and of the children in remission (p less than 0.0025). Putrescine:creatinine ratios were, in general, higher in children with hematologic tumors than in those with solid tumors. Urinary polyamines are thought to reflect variations in bone marrow polyamine content and have been postulated to be an indicator of clinical status. PMID- 7259085 TI - An improved method for concurrent isolation of human granulocytes and lymphocytes. Its application in isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. AB - A modified method of Boyum's technique to isolate granulocytes and lymphocytes from human blood is described. The granulocytes and the lymphocytes separated by this isolation procedure are highly pure, viable, and in sufficient number for subsequent isoelectric focusing studies. Different proteins have been separated by isoelectric focusing. This technique can be useful in the investigation of granulocytic and lymphocytic disorders. PMID- 7259086 TI - Nickel concentration of blood and urine after oral administration. AB - Nickel concentration in serum and whole blood as well as nickel excretion in urine was assayed at different time intervals before and after ingestion of nickel sulfate in eight healthy volunteers during a three days study. The peak level of nickel in blood was reached 2.5 hours after nickel ingestion and the maximal urinary excretion of nickel was during the first eight hours after ingestion. Great individual variations in nickel concentrations in blood and nickel excretion in urine were observed. Analysis of nickel in both urine and serum reflects ingestion of a soluble nickel salt, but urine seems to be most reliable to follow. PMID- 7259087 TI - An evaluation of a spectrophotometric scanning technique for measurement of plasma hemoglobin. AB - The measurement of plasma hemoglobin is utilized in the evaluation of various hemolytic disorders. The purpose of this report is to illustrate the advantages of a direct spectrophotometric scanning technique for determination of of plasma hemoglobin. This method does not require the use of carcinogenic reagents. The scanning method demonstrates linearity, precision, and sensitivity suitable for clinical use and is not affected by the presence of bilirubin. PMID- 7259088 TI - A simplified radioimmunoassay for plasma aldosterone. AB - The analytical evaluation is described of a [125I]-aldosterone radioimmunoassay method for measuring aldosterone in human plasma, which requires no chromatographic purification before quantification by radioimmunoassay but does require organic solvent extraction. Rabbit anti-aldosterone serum is used, generated against aldosterone-3-oxime coupled to thyroglobulin. The antibody demonstrates negligible cross reactions with structurally-related steroids. The proposed method uses [125I]-labeled aldosterone as the radioactive ligand. The recovery of D-aldosterone added to human plasma averaged 98 percent. The parallelism and precision of the method are excellent. Seventy specimens were assayed by the proposed method and a [3H]-aldosterone reference procedure, which includes LH-20 column chromatographic purification prior to the radioimmunoassay step (y = 1.03X - 3.0; r = 0.99; p less than 0.01). The [3H]-aldosterone reference procedure uses an anti-aldosterone serum prepared against aldosterone-3 oxime coupled to rabbit serum albumin. PMID- 7259089 TI - Ultrastructural observations in an alcoholic patient with post-surgical pseudomonas infection. AB - Gram negative bacteria were seen in the peripheral blood and within the neutrophils of a patient with bacteremic shock secondary to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. By electron microscopy, bacteria were present either in vacuoles or in the cytoplasm of neutrophils. When seen in the cytoplasm, they were surrounded by amorphous material which most probably represented fused lysosomal granules. In both cases, the microorganisms appeared morphologically normal. The presumption is that there was a pre-existing defect of neutrophilic lysosomal formation or function. These findings indicate the importance of studying neutrophil morphology and function in patients with persistent infections. PMID- 7259090 TI - Measurement of active ion transport in man. Utilizing intact human erythrocytes. AB - Alterations in ion transport have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several disease states. Methods of studying ion transport, however, are rather tedious, time consuming and not well defined in terms of kinetics and reproducibility. This paper describes a rapid, simple method of examining ion transport in intact human erythrocytes utilizing 86rubidium as a tracer. Twelve normal subjects were studied utilizing this method. Kinetic studies were performed from which maximal velocity (V max), a substrate concentration required to achieve half-maximal activity (Km), and a measure of the Ouabain sensitive component were determined for each subject and for the population. Additionally, five subjects underwent a repeat study at varying intervals up to 11 weeks. The results proved to be highly reproducible for each subject. It is suggested that the present technique offers not only speed and simplicity but yields kinetic data that is highly reproducible. Such advantages would make the techniques described ideal for studies desiring to compare age matched controls to subjects with intercurrent disease. PMID- 7259091 TI - Effects of cobalt chloride, nickel chloride, and nickel subsulfide upon erythropoiesis in rats. AB - The erythropoietic effects of sustained intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of CoCl2 and NiCl2 were compared with the effects of a single intrarenal (i.r.) injection of alpha Ni3S2 in female Fischer-344 rats. Infusion of NiCl2 by osmotic minipumps (0.85 mg Ni per day, i.p., for 24 days; total dose = 20 mg Ni per rat) did not alter the blood hematocrit or reticulocyte count during six weeks of observation. Under identical conditions, i.p. infusion of CoCl2 (0.85 mg Co per day, i.p., for 24 days; total dose = 20 mg Co per rat) caused significant erythrocytosis (hematocrit at six weeks = 62 +/- 4 percent, P less than 0.001 versus 50 +/- 3 percent in controls) and reticulocytosis (reticulocyte count at three weeks = 2.5 +/- 1.5 percent, P less than 0.005 versus 0.8 +/- 0.7 percent in controls). Administration of alpha Ni3S2 to rats as a single i.r. injection (7 mg Ni per rat) caused pronounced erythrocytosis (hematocrit at six weeks = 79 +/- 2 percent, P less than 0.001 versus controls) and reticulocytosis (reticulocyte count at three weeks = 2.8 +/- 1.2 percent, P less than 0.005 versus controls). This study demonstrates that i.p. infusion of Ni[II] is ineffective in stimulating erythropoiesis in rats, and that salient differences exist between the enhanced erythropoiesis that occurs in rats following i.p. infusion of Co[II] and that produced by i.r. injection of alpha Ni3S2. PMID- 7259092 TI - Diagnostic efficiency of gallium 67 citrate scans in Hodgkin's disease. AB - The findings of 49 67Ga citrate scans were correlated with all clinical information obtained by other diagnostic modalities in untreated and treated patients with histopathologically proven Hodgkin's disease (539 sites). Eleven nodal and extranodal sites were analyzed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and, subsequently, by calculations of the posterior probability for the presence of disease at positive and negative sites by scan using Bayes' theorem. Lowest posterior probabilities for the presence of disease at positive sites were seen in lung parenchyma (66 percent) and spleen (67 percent) in untreated patients and for treated patients in adbominal nodes an inguinal nodes (both 66 percent), whereas the scan was a good method for detecting Hodgkin's disease at all other sites where posterior probabilities were near 100 percent. Figures for the posterior probability of disease at negative sites by scan showed it was a good modality for ruling out Hodgkin's involvement in axillary nodes, perihilar nodes, lung parenchyma, inguinal nodes, and bone marrow (all less than 10 percent); however, it was not as satisfactory in ruling out disease in untreated cervical nodes (20 percent), supraclavicular nodes (11 percent), and especially in the intraabdominal sites of spleen (35 percent), abdominal nodes (33 percent), and periaortic nodes (27 percent). PMID- 7259093 TI - Functioning oxyphil parathyroid adenoma. AB - A hormonally active oxyphil adenoma of the parathyroid masqueraded as a thyroid nodule and was present as a palpable neck mass for more than six years prior to the onset of clinically obvious hyperparathyroidism. The slow evolution of the hyperparathyroidism in the presence of a relatively large adenoma was correlated with the presumptive low hormonal synthetic capacity of oxyphil cells that formed the bulk of the tumor. PMID- 7259094 TI - Increased electronic mean corpuscular volume induced by marked hyperglycemia. AB - A very high glucose level in a diabetic was associated with an increased electronic mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The hematocrit was falsely high and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) falsely low, while the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) was normal. Blood smears failed to corroborate the abdominal indices. Correct values could be obtained by predilution of the blood in isotomic medium and allowing 10 to 15 minutes for equilibration. It is suggested that glucose in the cell produces a hyperosmolar state which results in the rapid diffusion of water into the cells in the counter. The phenomenon is dependent on the concentration of glucose to which the red cell is exposed. It is temperature dependent and it is rapidly reversible. PMID- 7259095 TI - Can clinical science survive? PMID- 7259096 TI - Neoplastic subpopulations in carcinomas. PMID- 7259097 TI - Catecholamine excretion rates in relation to life-styles in the male population of Otmoor, Oxfordshire. AB - The paper gives the results of the number of analyses of aspects of life-style and dietary patterns of members of the Otmoor population, in relation to their catecholamine excretion rates. The data reported here are restricted to males. Feelings of boredom were associated with low adrenaline excretion rates. Reported physical tiredness was associated with low adrenaline levels, while mental tiredness seems to be related to high adrenaline levels. People who regarded themselves as having a competitive personality, as being faced by a large number of life challenges, as having to meet self-set deadlines, as choosing to focus on more than one task at the same time, or as being under time pressure had high rates. Cigarette smoking and coffee consumption were related to high adrenaline excretion rates. Taken together these variables can explain 16-20% of variance in adrenaline excretion. Smoking and coffee consumption are of primary importance. The results of similar analyses of noradrenaline are reported. PMID- 7259098 TI - Pubertal changes in boys and girls in Newcastle upon Tyne. AB - 669 boys and 753 girls born in 1962 and living at home were observed at approximately half-yearly intervals from 9 to 17 years of age. Mean ages of reaching various developmental stages were calculated for voice change and facial hair in boys, menarche and breast development in girls, and for axillary hair in both sexes. Peak height velocity and age at which it occurred were also calculated for both sexes. Means were generally in good agreement with those found about 15 years previously in the Harpenden Growth Study. Most pubertal changes in the present study showed gradients by social class; in boys, development was later in those with fathers in unskilled manual occupations, whereas in girls the greatest differences, where found, were between those with fathers in non-manual occupations and the remainder. PMID- 7259099 TI - Estimation of mutation rates from the number of rare alleles in a sample. AB - To estimate the mutation rate from rare electrophoretic variants, a revised estimating equation is derived that takes into account the sampling distribution of the observed number of rare alleles in a sample drawn from the population. A check of the approximations used here suggests that the derived estimating equation is superior to the currently available one that is based on the expected number of rare alleles in the population. The new method is illustrated with a collation of electrophoretic data from literature. It is shown that the assumptions made in the theoretical treatment do not affect the estimate, per se, when the observed number of rare alleles is chosen as a statistic for estimating the mutation rates. PMID- 7259100 TI - Skin and hair reflectance in women with red hair. AB - Skin and hair reflectance were measured with the Photovolt Spectrophotometer in 33 young women with red hair. Four skin sites were measured: forehead, check, inner arm and shoulder. A subsample of 15 red-headed women were tested before and at the end of the summer to test for tanning effects. The study was designed to test for relationships between hair and skin colour by reflectance spectrophotometry. As expected, subjects generally had very pale skin colour, pronounced freckling and very little tanning ability. Eumelanin (brown-black) pigment, as estimated by reflectance at 650 nm, was minimal at all skin and hair sites. Hair and inner arm reflectance values were highly correlated at short wavelengths, suggesting phaeomelanin as the source of the relationship. Estimates of tanning ability by use of the R/G ratio were very low in this sample of redheads. PMID- 7259101 TI - The non-Markovian nature of migration: a case study in the Aland Islands, Finland. AB - Markov theory is applied frequently to the study of human migration processes. A Markovian migration process is one in which the pattern of migration in one generation depends only on that of the previous generation. Several Markovian migration models are discussed here. It may be, however, that the presence of ancestors in a particular place had a significant bearing on the decision to migrate, in which case the process is not independent of the past. One example of such a process may be the parish of Kokar in the Aland Islands, Finland. Parent offspring migration data which span the last two centuries of migration in Kokar are used here to test the assumption that the migration process in this parish is Markovian. Matrices of observed parent-, grandparent- and great grandparent offspring migration are constructed and compared to the respective matrices expected on the basis of Markovian migration, using a X2 test for independence in a contingency table. Results indicate that a Markovian model does not describe adequately the migration process in this parish. Possible genetic implications of a non-Markovian migration process are discussed, with particular reference to populations of the type presented here which are experiencing the transition to urbanization. PMID- 7259102 TI - Segregation analyses of tooth size in a Melanesian population. AB - Dental casts and genealogical records collected among several linguistic groups of the Solomon Islands of Bougainville and Malaita form the data-base for the present series of analyses of the human dentition at the population level. Pedigree analysis and complex segregation analysis of nuclear families produce mutually consistent results which are interpreted as the absence of any significant major-gene effect on tooth size. PMID- 7259103 TI - Rare allele heterozygosity and relative electromorph mutation rates in man. AB - Previous studies of human populations have failed to find a significant relationship between genetic variability, as measured by total heterozygosity, and cistron size, as measured by subunit molecular weight of proteins, but the number of different rare alleles in human populations has been shown to be correlated with subunit size. The present paper examines these relationships further, utilizing data on electrophoretic variants at 27 loci for 12 human populations with a total of 800 000 individual system observation. The results indicate that, if genetic variability is measured by rare allele heterozygosity instead of total heterozygosity, there is a significant correlation with subunit size. In addition, there are significant differences for rare allele heterozygosity between multimeric and monomeric proteins, the range of variability being less in the multimers (and in the total) than for monomers. Finally, rare allele heterozygosity has a much bigger range of variability than the range of subunit size. By contrast, the range of rare allele heterozygosity between populations is less than ten-fold, a factor not evident in effective population sizes. Both interlocus and interpopulational estimates of relative electromorph mutation rates (REMR) have been calculated, utilizing the distributions of the number of different rare alleles as well as rare allele heterozygosity. The range of these estimates are much lower than the estimates given by Zouros (1979) using total heterozygosity as input. PMID- 7259104 TI - Red cell enzyme and serum protein types in a population from Ndeni (Santa Cruz Islands). AB - Data for 14 red cell enzyme systems, haemoglobin and four serum proteins are presented for 351 people from the island of Ndeni in the Santa Cruz group of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate. The results support the view based on linguistic studies that the Ndeni population is derived from a mixing of older Papuan and later Austronesian-speaking peoples. PMID- 7259105 TI - The age at menarche in Carabobo, Venezuela with a note on the secular trend. AB - A study of the age at menarche was conducted in the state of Carabobo as part of Project Venezuela, a National Human Growth, Nutrition and Family Survey. The study was performed during 1978 on a cross-sectional random stratified sample which included 955 girls between the ages of 9 and 20 years. Data were collected using the status quo method. The median age at menarche was estimated by logits at 12.68 0.08 for all socio-economic groups. Sexual maturation occurred earlier in girls from stratum III and later in those from strata IV and V; 12.34 0.11, 12.59 0.11, and 12.86 0.12, respectively. Small sample size did not permit comparisons with strata I and II girls. The results indicate a secular trend in the age of menarche when compared with previous Venezuelan studies. Median age for all Carabobo girls is comparable and often slightly lower than recent data from European and American studies. PMID- 7259106 TI - ABO blood group distributions in diarrhoea cases including cholera in Calcutta. AB - A double blind study on determination of ABO blood groups of 210 cholera patients, 44 diarrhoea cases due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and 148 diarrhoea cases from whom no vibrios could be isolated (control group), was conducted in Calcutta. A statistically significant difference was found in blood group 'O' when comparison was made between control and cholera groups. No significant association was, however, notices between V. parahaemolyticus-induced diarrhoea and ABO blood groups. PMID- 7259107 TI - [Changes in the content of riboflavin and its coenzyme in tissues during the aging of rats]. AB - Decreased riboflavin concentrations were again found in different tissues from old rats (23 months of age) as compared to younger animals (11 months of age). This decrease was observed in the liver, heart and brain (-7 to -10%) and mainly in the kidneys (-60%). In the first three organs it is due to a decrease in flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), whereas most of the time the flavin mononucleotide and free riboflavin (FMN R) contents remained unchanged. In the kidneys, both FAD and FMN R are decreased, the latter more so than the former. This phenomenon could be explained by a modification in the enzymatic activities involved in the riboflavin FMN-FAD metabolic pathways and would result from a decrease of thyroid activity during aging. In the spleen the total riboflavin concentration is increased in old rats without changes in the relative ratios of FAD and FMN R. No particular effect was observed in lung and muscle tissue during aging. PMID- 7259108 TI - Glutathione peroxidase activity in vitamin e and essential fatty acid-deficient rats. AB - Gluthathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9, GSHPx) activity was measured in whole liver, in hepatic cytosol and in whole mitochondria from normal rats and from rats subjected to experimentally induced vitamin e and/or essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency. The animals were fed and raised on the specific diets for 6 months. The GSHPx activity was significantly decreased in all samples of EFA deficient rats. This group exhibited a significant increased 29:3omega9 content and to low 20:4omega6 content. In rats fed a vitamin E-deficient diet, the GSHP x activity was significantly decreased in hepatic cytosol. When the data of all experimental groups were pooled the specific GSHP x activities of the hepatic cytosol correlated significantly to that of whole mitochondria. The specific GSHP x activity of the whole liver, the mitochondrial and the cytosol fractions were found higher in female than in male rats in controls as well as in deficient animals. This difference was affected by the EFA deficiency. In EFA-deficient mitochondria the sex difference in enzymic activity was decreased (half of normal difference). In EFA-deficient cytosol the difference was increased (double of normal difference). However, the total hepatic GSHPx activities were not significantly higher in female than in male rats in any of the groups studied. Thus, EFA deficiency is added to the list of factors influencing the GSHPx activity. It is concluded that it is not possible to use GSHPx activity as a marker for the selenium status in domestic animals such as suggested previously. Thus, selenium is only one of the factors governing the GSHPx level. PMID- 7259110 TI - Generation of hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii or rabies virus following fusion of in vitro-immunized spleen cells with myeloma cells. PMID- 7259109 TI - Evaluation of protein quality: comparison of single-point and multi-point assays. AB - The quality of different protein sources having a wide spectrum of potential biological values has been assessed with multi-point and singly-point assays on growing Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 60 g. Values obtained with multi-point assays, expressed goth as absolute and relative values, were well correlated irrespective of the response parameter, i.e. as absolute and relative values, were well correlated irrespective of the response parameter, i.e. body weight change, body water or body nitrogen (r = 0.980). Single-point assay values based on body nitrogen content were also well correlated with the multi-point assays, but some discrepancies were noted for what assays based on body weight change was concerned. The modification of body protein concentration, in particular of rats fed the protein-free diet, was the main cause of these discrepancies. The problem of reference protein, when protein quality was expressed as relative value, was also discussed. PMID- 7259111 TI - IgE: a molecule in search of a function. PMID- 7259112 TI - [Inhibition of tumoral graft growth by pretreatment with normal or heat-modified tumoral cells]. AB - The intravenous injection of Ehrlich tumour cells (TC) into Swiss mice, or BP8 fibrosarcoma cells into C3H mice, caused no intra-organ dissemination of the tumour but resulted in increasing resistance of animals to these two tumours. The percentage of mice protected against a regularly lethal dose of TC given intraperitoneally (i.p.) increased with the dose and the number of immunizing injections to the i.p. challenge. However, after high or repeated doses a cancerous nodule sometimes developed at the site of intravenous injections (penis vein), which caused death of the animal, not by extension of the tumour but by urethral occlusion. Moderate heating (46, 49.5 or 52 degrees C) of the TC did not impair their immunogenicity but prevented their multiplication in normal mice. It was thus possible, by intradermal injections of heated TC, to protect mice against a dose of intact TC. The efficiency of prophylaxis depended on the temperature to which the cells were exposed (optimal temperature depending on the type of tumour), on the number of injections and on the medium in which the cells were suspended. When Freund's complete adjuvant was used, all mice were protected against tumour ascites following challenge. PMID- 7259113 TI - Latent expression of group c allotypes in rabbits. AB - Rabbits deficient in both c7 and c21 allotypes were found in a certain colony of partially inbred rabbits and appeared to lack IgG with gamma light chain. In this colony, the gamma-chain level in the serum was low as an inherited character, and the mode of hereditary transmission of group c allotype expression was not apparent from available breeding data. These rabbits and other random-bred rabbits under conditions of suppressed T-cell functions produced group c allotypes which otherwise never appeared. PMID- 7259114 TI - Complex partial status epilepticus in young children. AB - Complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE) has rarely been described in children. We have recently studied four girls, aged 1 to 4 years, who presented with CPSE. Their seizures were characterized by decreased level of consciousness, lack of response to familiar persons, diminished response to pain, starting, slow visual tracking, eye deviation, picking at nearby objects, and lip smacking. Three patients developed focal clonic activity during their seizures and one progressed to a generalized motor seizure after 4 hours of CPSE. Two patients had ictal electroencephalograms demonstrating temporooccipital polyspikes and slow waves. PMID- 7259115 TI - Saccadic eye movement strategies in patients with homonymous hemianopia. AB - Infrared oculographic recordings from three patients with hemianopia due to an occipital lesion showed that these patients employed a consistent set of (presumably unconscious) compensatory strategies to find and fixate objects. For targets in the blind hemifield, patients at first used a staircase strategy consisting of a series of stepwise saccadic search movements. This is safe but slow. When retested later, one patient had adopted a more efficient strategy employing one large saccade calculated to overshoot the target. Other strategies for finding targets in the blind hemifield were employed in response to specific situations presented by our experiments: a predictive strategy using past experience to anticipate where the target would be found, and special strategies for recovering a lost target and for awaiting the reappearance of the target. To fixate targets in the seeing hemifield, our subjects undershot the target to prevent losing it in the blind hemifield, then held it off-fovea on the seeing side of the macula. PMID- 7259116 TI - Prognosis of optic neuritis with special reference to cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins and measles virus antibodies. AB - Forty-eight patients with optic neuritis (ON), first seen in 1970 to 1973, were neurologically and neuroophthalmologically reexamined after 7 to 10 years. Twenty seven patients (56%) had probable MS, and 9 (19%) had possible MS. During the attack of ON, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and serum/CSF measles antibody ratios were studied. Twenty patients had increased relative immunoglobulin G (IgG) (% of total protein) in their CSF; 19 of these had probable or possible MS. However, 17 of 28 patients with a normal relative IgG value had also developed MS. CSF electrophoresis was abnormal in 20 patients with ON; reexamination showed that 19 had probable or possible MS. Sixteen of 27 patients with normal electrophoresis had also developed MS. Serum/CSF measles antibody ratio had decreased in 19 patients; 13 of these had probable MS and 3 had possible MS. Of 29 patients with a normal measles antibody ratio, 14 had probable MS and 6 had possible MS. The conclusion is that examination of the CSF in ON gives valuable prognostic information because increased relative IgG, abnormal electrophoresis, or a decreased measles antibody ratio implies a high risk of developing MS. A normal CSF does not, however, rule out the possibility of dissemination. PMID- 7259117 TI - Quantification of de novo central nervous system IgG measles antibody synthesis in SSPE. AB - De novo central nervous system (CNS) IgG measles antibody synthesis rate was determined in two patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Cerebrospinal fluid and sera were incubated with different concentrations of measles virus to determine maximum absorption of IgG. The difference in IgG concentration before and after incubation was considered the amount of measles specific IgG antibody. Various tests were done to assess the immunological specificity of the absorption test. Using our empirical formula, the de novo CNS IgG measles antibody synthesis rate for one patient with SSPE was 57 mg/day, or 59% of the total CNS IgG synthesis rate; for the other it was 145 mg/day, or 82%. Daily determination of CNS measles antibody by empirical formula provides a quantification of humoral immunity in SSPE that corrects for both passage of measles antibody across a damaged blood-brain barrier and the effect of an elevated blood antibody level. PMID- 7259118 TI - Characterization of immune complexes in progressive rubella panencephalitis. AB - In two patients with the slow virus disease progressive rubella panencephalitis, high levels of immune complexes were found in serum and, in one case, spinal fluid. These complexes contained immunoglobulin G. Serum complexes sedimented over a wide density range compared with the more homogeneous spinal fluid complexes. Complexes from both serum and spinal fluid contained antibody directed against rubella virus. Serum complexes were also shown to contain rubella antigen (or antigens) that appeared to differ between the two patients. PMID- 7259119 TI - Viral antibody activity of oligoclonal and polyclonal immunoglobulins synthesized within the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis. AB - Thin-layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (PAG IEF), a very high capacity method for separating immunoglobulins (Ig), was performed on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. It was followed by antigen immunofixation with measles, mumps, herpes simplex (HSV), and rubella virus antigens and anti human Ig autoradiography in order to demonstrate viral antibodies in separated Ig zones. Two of 11 control patients and 21 of 25 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) displayed one or more zones of viral antibodies in the CSF without any counterpart, or with distinctly fainter zones, in the serum. Such reaction patterns were taken to indicate the possibility of intrathecal antibody synthesis. Antibody synthesis to measles was found in one to five zones in 76% of the patients with MS; antibody zones were found to HSV in 36% of the patients, to mumps in 12%, and to rubella in 12%. In 36% of the patients, two or three different antibody specificities (of which one was always measles) were found simultaneously in individual autoradiogram zones. For all viral antibodies detected in the CSF autoradiograms, their counterparts in oligoclonal or polyclonal IgG zones (or both) were demonstrable by PAG IEF of the corresponding CSF. The majority of patients with MS also had one or more oligoclonal CSF IgG zones without known antibody specificity. Antigen immunofixation and autoradiography are mainly qualitative. It is not known whether the viral antibodies present in oligoclonal or polyclonal IgG zones in MS CSF reflect a polyclonal B cell activation, a disease-specific immune reaction, or both. PMID- 7259120 TI - Permanent axotomy, a model of axonal atrophy and secondary segmental demyelination and remyelination. PMID- 7259121 TI - Adverse effects of phenobarbital on morphological and biochemical development of fetal mouse spinal cord neurons in culture. AB - The effects of chronic phenobarbital treatment on neuronal development were assessed in cell cultures of fetal rodent spinal cord. The activity of the principal enzyme involved in acetylcholine synthesis, choline acetyltransferase (CAT), and counts of large spinal cord neurons were used as indicators of neuronal development Phenobarbital (30 to 120 micrograms/ml) added to cultures for two- or six-week periods produced dose-dependent decreases in both CAT activity and neurons counts. Barbituric acid at doses equimolar to those at which phenobarbital produced these decreases had no effect. PMID- 7259122 TI - Temporospatial effects on orthodromic sensory potential propagation during ischemia. AB - Sensory potentials recorded at two to four sites along the median nerve during ischemia in normal subjects were analyzed with respect to the effects of conduction distance and duration of ischemia. Latency increased rectilinearly with the squared duration of ischemia in minutes, and the rate of the latency increase along the nerve was a power of the preischemic latency, a measure of conduction distance. This finding indicates a temporospatial slowing of sensory conduction velocity of ischemic nerves. Calculated latencies fitted with measured values within +/- 0.2 msec in 95% of 385 recordings. The compound potential amplitude decreased exponentially with the concomitant increase in temporal dispersion, which was the major cause for the decrease in amplitude during the first 20 minutes of ischemia. The nerve conduction pattern during ischemia may serve as a model for biochemical axon membrane dysfunction, a possible factor in the pathogenesis of toxic-metabolic neuropathies. PMID- 7259123 TI - Altered muscle polyamine levels in human neuromuscular diseases. PMID- 7259125 TI - Alpha-pattern coma in a 2-month-old child. AB - A 2-month-old infant is described in whom the electroencephalographic finding of alpha-frequency activity was correlated with a clinical state of unresponsiveness. This condition occurred following a period of hypoxia and was similar to alpha-patter coma in adults. The finding of alpha-pattern coma in a young infant suggests that alpha-frequency activity in comatose states in abnormally generated since alpha-frequency activity normally is not found in this age group. PMID- 7259124 TI - The origins of short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in humans. AB - Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to median nerve stimulation were studied in three patients with well-localized lesions of the lemniscal pathways. In two patients who had focal thalamic vascular lesions, the early scalp-recorded P15 far-field potential was unaltered while later SEP components were absent. In the third patient, operated on for astrocytoma of the dorsal medulla and right dorsal funiculus, the P15 potential was absent but the earlier negative potentials recorded from the neck persisted whichever side was stimulated. The data suggest a subthalamic origin for the scalp-recorded P15 far field potential. PMID- 7259128 TI - Monoamine oxidase activity in normal and Alzheimer brains. PMID- 7259126 TI - Mechanisms of virus persistence. PMID- 7259127 TI - Transient ophthalmoparesis with doxepin overdosage. PMID- 7259129 TI - A critique of compartmental analysis. PMID- 7259130 TI - Intestinal parasitic infections. PMID- 7259131 TI - Intestinal and urogenital flagellates. AB - Although the human alimentary and urogenital tracts are parasitized by seven species of flagellate protozoa [115], only two, Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis, are generally considered to be pathogens. This review, therefore, concentrates on these organisms and in particular on the experimental and clinical chemotherapy of trichomoniasis and giardiasis. Due to the limited space and the availability of excellent recently published reviews, topics such as life cycles, epidemiology, prevalence and pathology are only briefly discussed in the sections entitled 'Biological Aspects'. The reader seeking comprehensive reference lists and more information on Trichomonas and Giardia and the diseases they cause is referred to these reviews. PMID- 7259132 TI - Leishmaniasis. PMID- 7259133 TI - African trypanosomes. PMID- 7259134 TI - Amebic meningoencephalitis. AB - As the result of research by many workers, information as to the accurate diagnosis and possibly effective treatment has accumulated. While much more definitive academic investigation will aid in improving the results of medical management, the next objective should be the serious study of patients with suggestive histories and with acute and chronic respiratory ailments for the possible role of free-living amebas therein. The state of the art has reached the point where the two free-living amebic infections can probably be diagnosed by direct examination of exudates from the respiratory tract before the diseases become serious and beyond treatment. At present, the lack of effort to do this is as if one were trying to diagnose amebic dysentery histolytica in the diagnosis of entamebiasis. There is need for increased effort by local health officials, parents, clinicians and laboratory scientists to attempt to prevent the tragic consequences of naegleramebiasis by all possible means, at facilities near the patient's home. While the prospects of effectively handling the problem of acanthamoebiasis are less promising, earlier recognition of it in patients now known likely to develop such an infection might lead to better understanding the approaches to its treatment. PMID- 7259135 TI - Cestodes. AB - A review has been made of the advances in knowledge on the treatment of tapeworm infections of man and animals from the time of the introduction to dichlorophen in 1956. This opened up the era of out-patient treatment for human tapeworm infections. The drugs studied have been compared, where possible, on the basis of estimates of the single dose ED90 or the number of treatments required to reach that efficacy at safe dose levels. During the period under review, niclosamide, introduced in 1960 has been regarded as the drug of choice for the treatment of human tapeworm infections with paromomycin as a possible alternative. The bunamidine salts, introduced in 1966 permitted the treatment of Echinococcus spp in dogs. Several treatments were required to achieve acceptable efficacy. In 1975 praziquantel was introduced and based on the ED90, a single dose at no more than 10mg/kg removed all tapeworms responsible for the cestode zoonoses and for which data are available with the exception of H. nana and D. latum; these require a higher dose rate. In the mid 1970s, several benzimidazoles and praziquantel were shown to have activity against metacestodes. This has opened up a new field of research promising a practical outcome. No progress has been made during the period under review in finding effective ovicides. PMID- 7259136 TI - [Isolation and properties of a biostimulator formed by yeast-like fungi and its effect on levorin biosynthesis]. AB - Experiments on isolation of active substances or biostimulators from the culture fluids of yeast-like fungi of Candida (C. tropicalis, strain 159) were performed. Addition of the biostimulators to the fermentation medium for cultivation of the levorin-producing actinomycete provided the same levels of the antibiotic synthesis as mixed cultivation of the actinomycete and C. tropicalis. The biostimulators were found to be thermostable and stable within a wide pH range (2.0--14.0). They are low-molecular compounds of the organic nature. PMID- 7259138 TI - [Sensitivity of actinomycetes of the genus Actinomadura to antibiotics]. AB - Sensitivity of 46 strains of Actinomadura representing 27 species was studied with respect to 7 antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the antibiotics with respect to various species of Actinomadura varied within wide ranges, i. e. from 0.1 to 100 micrograms/ml, except levorin, and antifungal antibiotic which did not inhibit the growth of any of the strains even in the highest concentration (100 micrograms/ml). The cultures of the "dassonvillei" type proved to be the most sensitive to the antibiotics. Their sensitivity spectra were very close to those of Norardiopsis dassonvillei. A. carminata, an organism producing carminomycin, was most resistant to the antibiotics. Kanamycin, streptomycin, rifampicin, olivomycin and bruneomycin inhibited the growth of some Actinomadura species even in very low concentrations (1/2 g/ml) and thus may be used for selective screening only of definite Actinomadura species. The Actinomadura cultures were most resistant to rubomycin. All of the Actinomadura strains produced satisfactory growth on media containing this antibiotic in concentrations up to 10 micrograms/ml. Rubomycin in concentrations nor higher than 10 micrograms/ml is recommended to be used for isolation of Actinomadura cultures from soil samples. PMID- 7259137 TI - [Integral criteria of the effectiveness of an enzyme immobilization process]. AB - It was found that estimation of the samples of immobilized enzymes and cells by particular characteristics often produces contradictory results. This makes difficult the choice of the best biocatalyst. Integral criteria equally taking into account both the quality of the biocatalysts and the amounts of the native enzyme required for their production are described. Example confirming the advantages of the integral criteria in estimation of large lots of the samples of the biocatalysts are cited. PMID- 7259139 TI - [Characteristics of the electrophysical parameters of the growing mycelium of Act. nodosus, a producer of amphotericin B]. AB - The dielectric constants E1 and impedance Z of the growing mycelium of Act. nodosus producing amphotericin B were determined with the method of dielectric estimations at 10(3)-10(8), the concentrations of the biomass and antibiotic being determined simultaneously. It was found that the values of the dielectric permeability and impedance may be indicative of the biomass volume and antibiotic accumulation respectively. It is suggested that standard curves be plotted and the electrophysic parameters be used for automatic and continuous control of the Act. nodosus growth. Calculation of the viability coefficient according to B. N. Tarusov showed that it directly correlated with the economic coefficient. It is concluded that additional information on the medium such as the dipole moment, Z potential and others, may be obtained using the electrophysic parameters. PMID- 7259141 TI - [Distribution of carbenicillin, benzylpenicillin and phenylmalonic acid in an organic solvent-water system]. AB - Distribution of carbenicillin, benzylpenicillin and phenylmalonic acid in butyl acetate-water and methylene chloride-water systems within wide ranges of pH of the aqueous phase was studied. The experimental data were reviewed taking into account the distribution between the phases of the compound molecules and dissociation of the acids in the aqueous solution. The distribution constants of the compound molecules were calculated to be 37 (the literature data), 11.6 and 5.2 for every antibiotic respectively in the first system and 10 and 0.24 for carbenicillin and benzylpenicillin in the second system (the value for phenylmalonic acid was not calculated). When the concentration of carbenicillin in butyl acetate is high, dimerization of the acid molecule in the nonaqueous phase should be taken into the account. The dimerization constant is equal to 16.6 M-1. PMID- 7259142 TI - [Comparative study of the toxicity and antitumor activity of a DNA-rubomycin complex and free rubomycin]. PMID- 7259140 TI - [Development of a gentamicin producer under different culture conditions studied by a method of differential centrifugation of the mycelium in a saccharose density gradient]. AB - The method of differential centrifugation in the sucrose density gradient (SDG) enabled one to trace the changes in the development of the seed and fermentation mycelium of the gentamicin-producing organism. Correlation between gentamicin distribution in the SDG and the culture productivity was found. It was shown that the culture grown under the optimal aeration and agitation conditions was characterized by formation of higher amounts of the mycelium in the 5th and 6th layers of the SDG. Such mycelium was more productive than that from the other SDG layers. The most productive 48-hour seed culture had the more significant part of the mycelium in the 3rd layer of the SDG. When such a culture had the more significant part of the mycelium in the 3rd layer of the SDG. When such a culture was used as the seed material, the activity of the fermentation broth was the highest. The method of differential centrifugation in the SDG provides determination of the culture productivity by the volumes of the fermentation mycelium in the 5th and 6th layers or the seed mycelium in the 3rd layer of the SDG. PMID- 7259143 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of strains of the plague microbe isolated from foci in the Caucasus and Transcaucasia]. AB - Antibiotic sensitivity of 91 strains of the plague microbe isolated in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Daghestan, Georgia, Kabardino-Balkaria and the Stavropol region in 1977-1979 from the rodents and their ectoparasites was studied with the method of serial dilutions in the Hottinger agar. The following antibiotics were tested: streptomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, methicillin, gentamicin, levomycetin, monomycin, lincomycin, ristomycin, rifampicin, kanamycin, doxycyclin and polymyxin M. All of the strains irrespective of their nature were resistant to methicillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, ristomycin and polymyxin M. The sensitivity levels of the strains to other antibiotics were different. The studies showed that with respect to the effect on the plague microbe streptomycin may be replaced by tetracycline, gentamicin, kanamycin or monomycin. The blood levels of these antibiotics in humans treated with their average therapeutic doses were several times higher than the minimum inhibitor concentration determined in the experiments. PMID- 7259144 TI - [In vivo and in vitro antibiotic sensitivity changes]. AB - Spontaneous changes in staphylococcal sensitivity to 7 antibiotics were studied during a year. 9 hospital strains of Staph. aureus were used. The strains were subculture-in vitro. One of the cultures was subcultured in vivo in 17 dogs with experimental chronic osteomyelitis. It was found that sensitivity of the same culture increased in vivo to 4 antibiotics and in vitro to 1 antibiotic. The increased sensitivity to all 7 antibiotics in vitro was recorded with respect to 4 strains, to 6 antibiotics with respect to 1 culture and to 3 and 4 antibiotics with respect to 2 strains. 4 strains manifested a decrease in sensitivity to 1--6 antibiotics. The causes of the changes found require further investigation. PMID- 7259145 TI - [Experimental effect of tetracycline on the protein makeup of the lymph and blood serum]. AB - The effect of tetracycline hydrochloride on the levels of total protein and separate protein fractions, such as albumins and alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta- and gamma-globulins in the lymph and blood serum of rabbits was studied. The antibiotic was administered intramuscularly in a single dose of 25 mg/kg or repeatedly for 7 and 20 days. The lymph was collected from the thoracic duct 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 and 24 hours after the antibiotic administration in a single dose. When the antibiotic was used repeatedly, the lymph was collected 24 hours after the last injection. The levels of the total protein were determined colorimetrically and those of the protein fractions were determined turbidimetrically. The results indicated that under the experimental conditions tetracycline induced a marked decrease in the contents of both the total protein and the protein fractions in the lymph and blood serum of the animals. This phenomenon was observed in all periods. Comparative analysis of the data on the lymph and blood serum specimens collected from the same experimental animal revealed a difference in the albumin-globulin ratio, which was higher in the lymph and lower in the blood serum compared to that in the intact animals. This is indicative of the tetracycline capacity for decreasing mainly the levels of the globulin fraction in the lymph and the albumin fraction in the blood serum. The decrease in the level of the gamma-globulin fraction in the lymph and blood serum may be attributed to inhibition of the immune system function due to antibiotic therapy. Since maintenance of the albumin level is one of the liver important functions, the changes in the protein composition of the lymph provide an additional information on the effect of tetracycline on this function of the liver. PMID- 7259146 TI - [Energy allowance for antibody formation in rabbits immunized with cholera vaccine and by exposure to tetracyclines]. AB - Oxidative phosphorylation and succinate dehydrogenase activity in liver mitochondria, as well as activity of glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in liver homogenates were studied on 126 rabbits immunized with cholera vaccine and exposed to tetracycline or doxycycline (vibramycin). It was found that tetracycline and especially doxycycline inhibited the bioenergy processes in both intact and immunized animals. The inhibitory effect of doxycycline was most pronounced in the immunized rabbits. The shifts in the titers of the specific antibodies under the experimental conditions directly correlated with the state of the endocellular oxidation-reduction processes. PMID- 7259147 TI - [Clinical and experimental rifampicin passage through the hemato-encephalic barrier and its effectiveness in treating meningococcal infections]. AB - Satisfactory permeability of rifampicin through the hematoencephalic barrier was shown in experimental rabbit meningococcal meningitis and in treatment of patients with meningococcal meningitis. The antibiotic level and retention time in the liquor depended on the drug dose and acidity of gastric juice. The dose of 10 mg/kg bw administered at 8--10-hour intervals was the most optimal. The high therapeutic efficacy of rifampicin in treatment of patients with the generalized forms of meningococcal meningitis enables its recommendation for the use as a reserve drug. Rifampicin may be used alone when penicillin is intolerable or ineffective. It also may be used for additional treatment of the patients after penicillin therapy. Rifampicin in combination with penicillin may be used in treatment of purulent meningitis and meningoencephalitis of a dubious etiology. PMID- 7259148 TI - [Gentamicin concentration in the blood and lung tissue of children with bronchopulmonary pathology]. AB - The gentamicin levels in the lung tissue and blood serum of children operated on for bronchiectasis, destructive pneumonia and pleural tumors were studied. The antibiotic was administered intramuscularly in a dose of 3 mg/kg before the operation. The results showed that intramuscular injections of gentamicin provided the antibiotic levels in the lung tissue sufficient for the growth inhibition of the majority of the microbes isolated from such patients. In the patients with congenital developmental defects of the lungs, the level of the antibiotic in the lung tissue 1 hour after its administration was lower than the therapeutic one, while its blood serum levels were high. By the 2nd hour the gentamicin levels in the lung tissue reached those in the patients with acquired bronchopulmonary disease. PMID- 7259149 TI - [Mechanism of various degrees of tumor sensitivity to olivomycin]. AB - Efficiency and duration of suppression of the synthesis of low-polymer (4S) and ribosomal (18S and 28S) fractions of total RNA due to exposure of the cells of Ehrlich's carcinoma and Zajdela's hepatoma to olivomycin were studied. The tumors differed in their sensitivity to the antibiotic. The efficiency of the rRNA synthesis inhibition by olivomycin on its addition to the cells of Ehrlich's carcinoma and Zajdela's hepatoma in vitro was of the same order. Study on the kinetics of rRNA synthesis after addition of olivomycin showed that the maximum inhibition of rRNA synthesis in the cells of Ehrlich's carcinoma was achieved 1 hour after the drug addition. After 2 hours the inhibition level returned to normal. The most efficient inhibition of rRNA synthesis in the cells of Zajdela's hepatoma was observed 2 hours after addition of the drug. The inhibition level in this case did not return to normal after 24 hours. It is concluded that tumor sensitivity to olivomycin is determined by the duration of the affection of the DNA template activity during the synthesis of RNA. PMID- 7259150 TI - The speciation of coliform genera from above and below a sewer outfall and their susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents. AB - The occurrence of coliforms in a small water course was shown to increase by a factor of thirty six below the outfall of a sewage treatment plant. Speciation of the bacteria from above and below the sewer outfall showed that Escherichia coli and Enterobacter species predominated. Drug resistance levels were significant in microorganisms from both sampling sites and the occurrence of a significant number of multiple-resistant microorganisms, particularly E. coli, is reported. Both E. coli and Enterobacter species from below the sewer outfall show a statistically significant increase in resistance to ampicillin and E. coli from below the outfall also shows a statistically significant increase in resistance to sulpha-methoxazole as compared with isolates from above the outfall. PMID- 7259151 TI - Gluconobacters from honey bees. AB - Fifty-six Gluconobacter strains and one Acetobacter strain were isolated from honey bees and their environment in three different regions in Belgium and identified phenotypically. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the soluble cell proteins showed that two different types exist within the Gluconobacter isolates: strains from type A were found in samples of the three regions, whereas strains from type B were only isolated in two of the three regions. Both types could occur in bees from the same region, from several hives of one bee keeper and from one hive. Strains from type A were almost identical with collection strain G. oxydans subsp. suboxydans NCIB 9018, whereas strains from type B constituted a new protein electrophoretic type within the genus Gluconobacter. Although Gluconobacter is apparently associated with honey bees, it is not known whether it is important or required for the bees or any hive product. PMID- 7259152 TI - An actidione resistant Candida tropicalis from custard apple juice. AB - An actidione resistant yeast, Candida tropicalis, was isolated from fermenting custard apple juice. Though a slight inhibition of growth was observed on the first day with 5000 ppm of actidione, growth was equal to control after one week. Sorbic acid at 500 ppm and above inhibited the growth of this yeast while sodium benzoate and potassium metabisulphite were unable to suppress the growth even at 1000 ppm. Fermentation and assimilation of different carbon sources were delayed in the presence of 1000 ppm of actidione suggesting the disruption of protein synthesis by actidione. PMID- 7259153 TI - Heat inactivation of staphylococcus epidermidis at various water activities. AB - Members of the family Micrococcaceae play an important role in food spoilage and even in food poisoning. In contrast to members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, these bacteria can grow in media with low water activities. Therefore, the heat resistance of Staphylococcus epidermidis, a rather resistant member of the family Micrococcaceae, was studied at water activities between 0.87 and 1.00. The heat inactivation curves were clearly biphasic at all temperatures and water activities tested. Especially at low water activities, the D-values of the tail phase were extremely high (at 0.87 water activity, a D-value at 70 degrees C of 500 s was recorded). PMID- 7259154 TI - Distribution of ribonucleic acid coliphages in raw sewage from treatment plants in Japan. AB - To determine the transmission cycle of ribonucleic acid (RNA) coliphages in their natural habitats, we investigated the distribution patterns of RNA phages in raw sewage collected from treatment plants in various localities in Japan. Most of the sewage samples contained group II and III phages. Samples from treatment plants in Sapporo, Tokyo, and Toyama contained appreciable amounts of group I phages in addition to the group II and III phages. As a whole, raw sewage from treatment plants in Japan contained RNA phages of the three groups in the ratio 1:2:5, group I/II/III. Based on the distribution patterns of RNA phages in sewage from domestic drainage in Japan proper (group II/III, 3:1), in animal feces and sewage from slaughter houses (mostly group I), and in human feces (group II/III, 1:1), it can be reasonably said that group I phages tend to be introduced from animal sources and group II and III phages tend to be introduced from human sources. Raw sewage from treatment plants in Japan consists mainly of human feces, sewage from domestic drainage, and industrial wastewater, and, in part, from slaughter houses. In fact, sewage from slaughter houses together with that from human sources flowed into the treatment plants of Tokyo as far as we could confirm. PMID- 7259156 TI - Lizards in the ecology of salmonellosis in Panama. AB - Enteropathogenic bacteria was isolated from 131 of 447 (29.4%) neotropical Panamanian lizards belonging to 34 species of seven families. Overall, 147 strains of bacteria were isolated comprising 26 Salmonella and 10 Arizona serotypes. Gymnopthalmus speciosus had the highest infection rate, 12 of 13 individuals (92.3%), whereas Gonatodes fuscus exhibited the lowest, 1 of 18 (5.6%). The highest infection was detected in lizards whose behavioral patterns were secretive (42.0%) and terrestrial (42.6%), whereas the lowest infection was among the scansorial lizards (17.5%). Rates were highest during the dry season, from January through April. Many neotropical Panamanian lizards were multiply infected by Salmonella an Arizona strains representing representing a wide range of serotypes. Infected lizards were distributed in areas varying from remote rural and forested regions to urban developments, offering a potentially important reservoir of enteropathogenic bacteria known to cause infection in man and domestic animals. PMID- 7259155 TI - Inhibition of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida by 3 chlorocatechol. AB - Partially purified preparations of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from toluene-grown cells of Pseudomonas putida catalyzed the stoichiometric oxidation of 3 methylcatechol to 2-hydroxy-6-oxohepta-2,4-dienoate. Other substrates oxidized by the enzyme preparation were catechol, 4-methylcatechol, and 4-fluorocatechol. The apparent Michaelis constants for 3-methylcatechol and catechol were 10.6 and 22.0 muM, respectively. Substitution at the 4-position decreases the affinity and activity of the enzyme for the substrate. Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase preparations did not oxidize 3-chlorocatechol. In addition, incubation of the enzyme with 3 chlorocatechol led to inactivation of the enzyme. Kinetic analyses revealed that both 3-chlorocatechol and 4-chlorocatechol were noncompetitive or mixed-type inhibitors of the enzyme. 3-Chlorocatechol (Ki = 0.14 muM) was a more potent inhibitor than 4-chlorocatechol (Ki = 50 muM). The effect of the ion-chelating agents Tiron and o-phenanthrolene were compared with that of 3-chlorocatechol on the inactivation of the enzyme. Each inhibitor appeared to remove iron from the enzyme, since inactive enzyme preparations could be fully reactivated by treatment with ferrous iron and a reducing agent. PMID- 7259158 TI - Incidence of Vibrio alginolyticus and bacteria of sanitary significance in the Bering Sea. AB - The incidence of bacteria of sanitary significance and isolation of Vibrio alginolyticus during a subtidal clam assessment study in the Bering Sea are described. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was not detected in clams, sediment, or seawater. PMID- 7259159 TI - Reduction of polymeric azo and nitro dyes by intestinal bacteria. AB - The O(2)-sensitive reduction of high-molecular-weight aromatic azo and nitro dyes by intestinal bacteria appears to be mediated by low-molecular-weight electron carriers with E(o)' = -200 to -350 mV. This process may allow the design of polymeric azo prodrugs for specific release of certain aromatic amines in the colon. PMID- 7259157 TI - Correlation of Propionibacterium acnes populations with the presence of triglycerides on nonhuman skin. AB - The skins of mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, guinea pigs, and dogs were cultured for Propionibacterium acnes. Only the sebaceous regions (perianal gland) of guinea pigs harbored a significant P. acnes population. Analysis of the lipid from this region revealed a significant percentage of triglycerides, compounds lacking in the sebum of the other animals. PMID- 7259160 TI - Characteristics of environmental isolates of Legionella pneumophila. AB - Thirty-eight cultures of Legionella pneumophila isolated from surface waters were characterized by their morphological, tinctorial, biochemical, and serological properties and by their ability to produce disease in guinea pigs. Their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents also was tested. When they were compared with clinical isolates, no important differences were found between cultures from the two sources. Sodium hippurate hydrolysis, gelatin liquefaction, pigment formation, and beta-lactamase and alkaline phosphatase activity were useful in differentiating the four described species of Legionella. Hydrolysis of diacetylfluorescein and the inability to reduce nitrate help to distinguish Legionella species from other gram-negative bacterial rods. PMID- 7259161 TI - Attachment of Salmonella spp. to chicken muscle surfaces. AB - Immersion of chicken muscle fascia in water or physiological saline caused collagen associated with the connective tissue to expand and form a dense network of fibers on the surface. Similar changes were noted for muscle perimysium. Two test strains of Salmonella spp. attached to the collagen fibers only when muscle was immersed for extended times in water. Bacteria did not attach to the fascia or perimysium of muscle that was transiently immersed in suspensions. The presence of sodium chloride in the suspension media prevented firm attachment, whereas saline rinses removed many attached cells. PMID- 7259162 TI - Effect of turbidity on chlorination efficiency and bacterial persistence in drinking water. AB - To define interrelationships between elevated turbidities and the efficiency of chlorination in drinking water, experiments were performed to measure bacterial survival, chlorine demand, and interference with microbiological determinations. Experiments were conducted on the surface water supplies for communities which practice chlorination as the only treatment. Therefore, the conclusions of this study apply only to such systems. Results indicated that disinfection efficiency (log10 of the decrease in coliform numbers) was negatively correlated with turbidity and was influenced by season, chlorine demand of the samples, and the initial coliform level. Total organic carbon was found to be associated with turbidity and was shown to interfere with maintenance of a free chlorine residual by creating a chlorine demand. Interference with coliform detection in turbid waters could be demonstrated by the recovery of typical coliforms from apparently negative filters. The incidence of coliform masking in the membrane filter technique was found to increase as the turbidity of the chlorinated samples increased. the magnitude of coliform masking in the membrane filter technique increased from less than 1 coliform per 100 ml in water samples of less than 5 nephelometric turbidity units to greater than 1 coliform per 100 ml in water samples of greater than 5 nephelometric turbidity units. Statistical models were developed to predict the impact of turbidity on drinking water quality. The results justify maximum contaminant levels for turbidity in water entering a distribution system as stated in the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations of the Safe Drinking Water Act. PMID- 7259163 TI - New waterborne bacteriophages active on Yersinia enterocolitica. AB - Seven bacteriophages active on Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) were isolated from surface water samples collected in Granada, Spain. A comparison of the respective host ranges of these new phages and of reference phages used for YE phage typing showed that YE strains belonging to various phage types, grown at either 37 or 25 degrees C, expressed susceptibility to reference sewage water phages whereas susceptibility to new waterborne phages, as well as to reference phages from lysogenic YE, was only demonstrated in YE strains grown at 25 degrees C. A YE strain isolated by stool culture from a pig was lysogenic for a bacteriophage which behaved like waterborne phages and reference phages from lysogenic YE strains. The possibility that the isolation of waterborne bacteriophages might, in certain circumstances, reflect the presence of lysogenic YE was raised. PMID- 7259166 TI - Transformation, remodeling and dissociation of achromatic fibres by butyric acid in mitoses of cleaving eggs. Effects of associated antitubulin substances. AB - A mM solution of butyric acid transforms the achromatic apparatus of segmentation mitoses: asters are reduced or suppressed, cytokinesis is inhibited before mitosis, spindle fibers are broken and fan out progressively in the equatoria; region becoming radially oriented instead of axially. The results are either: 1) hollow fibrillar systems, 2) radiating spindle systems, apparently pluripolar, 3) dissociated fibrillar systems, depending on the phase of the mitotic cycle in which the butyric acid acted. Colchicine 2.5 X 10-3 M and vincaleukoblastine 2 X 10-4 M cause the depolarized nuclei and mitoses to migrate towards the animal cortex and the furrows, if they are administered before the abnormal systems produced by butyric acid are fully formed. Once formed, these systems are usually unchanged by administration of these drugs. Thus their formation appears to depend on microtubule assembly, since colchicine and VLB can prevent it. PMID- 7259164 TI - Serogrouping of motile Aeromonas species isolated from healthy and moribund fish. AB - A total of 195 strains of motile Aeromonas isolated from fish were characterized as Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria. In view of the frequency of isolation and the importance of motile Aeromonas species as fish pathogens, a serological classificaton of these organisms was attempted. Antisera were prepared in rabbits against formalinized whole cell suspensions and against boiled cells of 12 different isolates. Seventy-six strains could be grouped by tube agglutination with whole cells as antigen and anti-whole cell antiserum. However, only 39 strains were typable with anti-O serum. Differentiation was made between heat-stable antigens and heat-labile antigens which did not block the O agglutination reaction. The same heat-labile antigen could be associated with different heat-stable particulate antigens, and a relationship was observed between the heat-stable particulate antigens and the virulence of A. hydrophila for fish. In addition to these two types of antigen, motile Aeromonas possessed heat-stable soluble antigens which could be detected by indirect hemagglutination. One strain seemed to possess various heat-stable soluble antigens; so far, however, it does not appear to be feasible to use these antigens for serology. Finally, we also observed cross-reactions between some A. hydrophila and A. sobria strains. PMID- 7259165 TI - Novel metabolites from Penicillium crustosum, including penitrem E, a tremorgenic mycotoxin. AB - Two new indolic metabolites were isolated from Penicillium crustosum and separated from other penitrem mycotoxins by high-performance liquid chromatography. Penitrem D is a deoxy-penitrem A. Penitrem E is dechloro-penitrem A and was shown to be tremorgenic in mice, although it has only one-third of the activity of penitrem A. Roquefortine was also shown, for the first time, to be an important metabolic product of P. crustosum. PMID- 7259167 TI - Ultrastructure of the cell types of the anterior hypophysis in a lizard. II. Somatotrophs and lactotrophs. AB - Somatotrophs of the teiid lizard Cnemidophorus lemniscatus are strictly localized in the rostral zone of the anterior hypophysis. Cells are prismatic and elongated, with basal nuclei. A dense hyaloplasm, a basal, serried system of stacked cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and predominantly spherical, medium-sized secretory granules that fill the supranuclear region characterize these cells. Secretory granules have moderate opacity, uniform dimensions, and a close bounding membrane. The well developed Golgi apparatus lies at one side of the nucleus. Regular variations correlative with environmental or experimental changes could not be verified in somatotrophs. Lactotrophs are mainly situated in the caudal and intermediate zones of pars distalis, reaching the rostral region when numerous and hypertrophic. They are avoid or pear-shaped, with a central nucleus. A basal system of stacked cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the completely irregular shape of the secretory granules are typical of these cells. The granules, supranuclear and often large, have low density, a finely granular structure and a close bounding membrane. A fibrillar substance affords a mottled appearance to the hyaloplasm. The well developed Golgi apparatus is frequently found in the center of the basal region. The activity of lactotrophs, denoted by the size and number of cells, their spread in the gland, the amount of granules, and the development of the organelles, is much greater during the annual period of enhanced sexual function, and particularly in females. PMID- 7259170 TI - [Determination of inorganic mercury in water, blood and saliva using atomic absorption. Critical study]. PMID- 7259169 TI - [Average lead and cadmium content in food in Belgium]. PMID- 7259168 TI - [Experimental studies on the sexual differentiation in some pectinid mollusc (Lamellibranchs) (author's transl)]. AB - Histological studies on the gonadal morphogenesis of synchronic hermaphrodites (Pectenmaximus, Chlamys opercularis) has shown that it first appears an ovary from protogonia coming from the pericardial region and then moving into the distal part of the visceral mass. From this region, protogonia migrates into the middle and anterior part of the body and suddenly, when oogenesis has started into the ovary, give spermatogonia. In Chlamys opercularis and C. varia, an identical process of morphogenesis has been identified in adult animals during the stage of recovery which follows the period of sexual rest. Experimental studies carried out with organ culture (juvenile C. opercularis) suggest the existence of an ovarian autodifferentiation and the action of a masculinising factor coming from the cerebropleural ganglia. This acts over a short period allowing the differentiation of the spermatogonia. Very similar processes seen to be involved during the stage of recovery in the synchronic hermaphrodite C. opercularis or asynchronic C. varia. PMID- 7259172 TI - There is an energy cost for catalytic turnover which arises due to enzyme degradation. PMID- 7259171 TI - Ornithine metabolism in relation to stimulation of urea cycle, induced by high protein diet. PMID- 7259173 TI - Production and utilization of butyryl-CoA by fatty acid synthetase from mammalian tissues. PMID- 7259174 TI - Ochratoxin A, an in vivo inhibitor of renal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. PMID- 7259175 TI - Isolation of copper thionein from rat liver. PMID- 7259176 TI - The effect of magnesium and other ions on the distribution of ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase in chloroplast extracts. PMID- 7259177 TI - A specific inhibitor to delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase in rat bone marrow cells. PMID- 7259178 TI - Mechanistic studies of epoxide hydrolase utilizing a continuous spectophotometric assay. PMID- 7259179 TI - Reaction of ozone with sulfhydryls of human erythrocytes. PMID- 7259180 TI - Protein Hydration: a sucrose probe. PMID- 7259181 TI - Two flavonoid-specific malonyltransferases from cell suspension cultures of Petroselinum hortense: partial purification and some properties of malonyl coenzyme A: flavone/flavonol-7-O-glycoside malonyltransferase and malonyl coenzyme A: flavonol-3-O-glucoside malonyltransferase. PMID- 7259182 TI - Studies on Acholeplasma laidlawii grown on branched-chain fatty acids. PMID- 7259183 TI - S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolases as the primary target enzymes in androgen regulation of methylation complexes. PMID- 7259184 TI - Effects of leupeptin and pepstatin on protein turnover in adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. PMID- 7259185 TI - Regulation of dolichol and of cholesterol biosynthesis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. PMID- 7259186 TI - Asymmetrical orientation of phospholipids and their interactions with marker enzymes in pig heart mitochondrial inner membrane. PMID- 7259187 TI - Formation of a steady state in the radiolysis of ferrimyoglobin in aqueous solution. PMID- 7259188 TI - The relationship of the Quaternary structure of allophycocyanin to its spectrum. PMID- 7259189 TI - Purification and properties of asparaginase from Lupinus arboreus and Lupinus angustifolius. PMID- 7259190 TI - Thymus involution and inhibition of spleen growth accompanies streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats; possible relationship of these changes to the elevated hydrolase levels in diabetic plasma. PMID- 7259191 TI - Purification and characterization of a folate binding protein from porcine choroid plexus. PMID- 7259192 TI - Aminoterminal acetylation of synthetic N alpha-desacetyl thymosin alpha 1. PMID- 7259193 TI - Substrate specificity in the biocleavage of the O-alkyl bond: 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine (a hypotensive and platelet-activating lipid) and its metabolites. PMID- 7259194 TI - Measurement of a folate binding protein from rat liver cytosol by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7259195 TI - Stimulation of glucose oxidation and transport in isolated rat adipocytes by riboflavin and visible light. PMID- 7259196 TI - Identity of the active site flavin-peptide fragments from the human "A"-form and the bovine "B"-form of monoamine oxidase. PMID- 7259197 TI - Synthesis and secretion of very low density lipoproteins by isolated rat hepatocytes in suspension: role of diacylglycerol acyltransferase. PMID- 7259198 TI - Role of lysosomal acid ceramidase in the metabolism of ceramide in human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 7259200 TI - Spectral characterization of a fluorescent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide analog: 3-aminopyridine adenine dinucleotide. PMID- 7259199 TI - Ultrastructure of thylakoid membranes in C. reinhardtii: evidence for variations in the partition coefficient of the light-harvesting complex-containing particles upon membrane fracture. PMID- 7259202 TI - Maturation-related changes in proteoglycans of fetal articular cartilage. PMID- 7259201 TI - The formation of cyclic sesquiterpenes from farnesyl pyrophosphate by prenyltransferase. PMID- 7259203 TI - Interaction between transcobalamin II and immobilized Cibacron Blue F3GA. PMID- 7259205 TI - Preparation and properties of active dansyl-alpha- and -gamma-thrombins. PMID- 7259204 TI - Purification and structure of the polypeptide chains of earthworm hemoglobin. PMID- 7259206 TI - Light-induced ATP synthesis dependent on halorhodopsin-pH regulation. PMID- 7259207 TI - [New concepts on homeostasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259208 TI - Hormonal control of RNA polymerases in rat bone marrow nuclei. The action of erythropoietin and testosterone. AB - The cytodifferentiation of stem cells to mature cells in bone marrow is an appropiate system to study biochemical aspects of hormonal action. We have used this system to analyze the way how erythropoietin and testosterone regulate erythropoiesis at the molecular level. Experiments designed to correlate the biochemical action of both hormones and to determine their differential action on rat bone marrow nuclei DNA-dependent RNA polymerases are reported. The effect of both hormones on the synthesis of RNA by isolated nuclei derived from normal rats was studied. Erythropoietin enhances the activity of RNA polymerase type II while testosterone stimulates polymerase type I activity. Gel-electrophoresis analysis of nuclear RNA shows that erythropoietin enhances the synthesis of RNA species with sedimentation coefficients of 30S, 22S, 15S, and 9S. Testosterone stimulates the synthesis of the 28 and 18S RNA as well as 4S RNA. A model is postulated to explain the action of erythropoietin and testosterone on RNA synthesis by isolated rat bone marrow nuclei. PMID- 7259209 TI - [A theoretical analysis of systemic arterial blood pressure of mammals (author's transl)]. AB - The theoretical reduced exponent b calculated for the arterial pressure, in accordance with Huxley's alometric equation, is 0; however the experimental value has shown different figures. In this paper it is proposed that systemic arterial pressure with exponent zero is in accordance with that of those arteries found at a greater distance of the heart but above cardiac level. We postulate that the cerebral arteries have an experimental exponent b = 0. We have calculated this exponent for the cephalic arterial pressure (arterial pressure at cardiac level minus hydrostatic pressure for cephalic level). With this correction, we have found a better correlation between experimental and theoretical figures in accordance with the theory of biological similarities. PMID- 7259210 TI - The pH dependence of rat liver RNA polymerases I and II. AB - The effect of pH on the stability and activity of rat liver RNA polymerases I (A) and II (B) has been studied. Both enzymes are irreversibly inactivated in buffer solutions below pH 5.0. Km values of the two enzymes are constant between pH 6.5 and 8.7 but a two -to three- fold increase is observed between pH 8.7 and 9.7. The Vmax versus pH profiles are bell-shaped curves indicating the participation of two ionizing groups with apparent pKa values of 6.5 and 9.8 for enzyme I and 6.7 and 9.9 for enzyme II. Both enzymes are inactivated by photooxidation in the presence of Rose Bengal. It is suggested that the above pKa corresponds to the imidazole of a histidine residue and a amino group of a lysine residue. PMID- 7259211 TI - Purification and characterization of dog liver glucokinase. AB - Glucokinase from dog liver has been purified to homogeneity by a procedure involving DEAE-cellulose chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration chromatography, and affinity chromatography on glucosamine-Sepharose. The purified enzyme was characterized with respect to stability, molecular weight, amino acid composition, SH groups, and physicochemical and kinetic properties. A molecular weight of 49,000 and 47,000 was estimated by sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis and gel filtration in non-denaturing conditions, respectively, indicating a monomeric structure for the enzyme. Glucokinase exhibits a sigmoidal saturation function for glucose with a Hill coefficient of 1.5 and a half-saturation value of 4mM at pH 7.5. PMID- 7259212 TI - Congenital melanocytic nevi. PMID- 7259213 TI - Erythema nodosum-like eruption in a patient with probable thorium-induced bone marrow failure. PMID- 7259214 TI - Absolute number of circulatory sezary cells. PMID- 7259215 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. PMID- 7259216 TI - Topical treatment of alopecia areata. AB - It has been shown previously that alopecia areata can be treated with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and other contact allergens. Whether these agents work by inducing immunologic stimulation or simply a nonspecific inflammatory reaction has not been definitively demonstrated. To test the relative importance of these two mechanisms, we have randomly studied 22 patients with alopecia areata to whom either DNCB or croton oil was applied topically. Sixty-three percent of patients without spontaneous regrowth of hair regrew hair after DNCB application. None of those treated with croton oil regrew hair when treated later with DNCB. Therefore, a proved contact allergen was shown to be required for therapeutic success. Patient acceptance of the induced contact dermatitis was excellent. In light of recent data on the mutagenicity of DNCB to bacteria, other contact allergens for topical immunotherapy are being sought. PMID- 7259217 TI - Topical drug effects on normal and proliferating epidermal cell models. AB - The effects of 28 different antiproliferative agents applied topically to normal and hyperproliferative hairless mouse skin were studied. Epidermal cell hyperproliferation was induced by an essential fatty acid-deficient diet or by irradiation with short-wavelength ultraviolet (UV) energy. Epidermal DNA synthesis was measured by hydroxyapatite column chromatography. We compared the effects of these drugs used on normal and hyperproliferative hairless mouse skin with clinical responses in patients with psoriasis treated using the same topical preparations. For most of the drugs tested, the normal and essential fatty acid deficient mouse model effects showed a good correlation with clinical responses seen in treated patients with psoriasis. The short-wavelength UV energy-treated mouse model effects showed a poorer clinical correlation, perhaps partially caused by wide variations in DNA synthetic rates encountered in the epidermis in this model. PMID- 7259218 TI - Mechanism of chemotherapeutic drug action in mouse vaginal epithelium. AB - The mouse vaginal assay was modified to study mechanisms of drug action in epithelial cells in relation to the cell cycle. An evaluation of the labeling index, mitotic index, and the percent labeled mitoses in the vaginal epithelium was used to determine the site of drug action in the cell cycle. Systemic absorption from the vaginal epithelium was also monitored by these same measurements in rectal mucosa. Thirty drugs was tested; 17 showed cell kinetic perturbations in the vaginal mucosa and four of these had both vaginal (local) and rectal (systemic) effects. Thirteen drugs had no effect, suggesting inadequate concentration, penetration, duration of drugs exposure, or lack of biochemical action. These 30 drugs were tested in concentrations and vehicles also used for topical screening in psoriatic patients. Only 15 of the 30 drugs tested in this model predicted the clinical results. PMID- 7259219 TI - Attempts to enhance light microscopic diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides). AB - Precise pathologic criteria for the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides (MF) remain controversial. With the use of a specific counting technique and defined criteria for cell types, we attempted to differentiate between a series of slides from patients with eczematous dermatitis, large plaque parapsoriasis, and atypical dermatitis with features that suggest MF, the plaque stage of MF, and the tumor stage of MF. This could not be done on the basis of cellular density in e defined field in the papillary dermis or on the basis of the percentage of atypical lymphocytes in the fields counted. Furthermore, individual investigator variance was shown to be highly significant despite efforts to minimize this factor. PMID- 7259220 TI - Disseminated spiked hyperkeratosis. An unusual discrete nonfollicular keratinization disorder. AB - An unusual nonfollicular keratinization disorder was observed in a father and his son, and in an unrelated woman. The disorder began during the second decade of life and gradually became more widespread and more pronounced thereafter. The dermatosis is characterized by tiny, rough, keratotic spikes giving the skin a raspy fell on palpation. Microscopically, the lesions showed a thick compact corneum without structural changes in the underlying epidermis except for moderate epidermal cell hyperplasia and some reduction in keratohyalin content. PMID- 7259221 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus occurring in a patient with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. AB - A dystrophic bullous eruption that met all the criteria for epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) developed in a 19-year-old woman five years before the onset of clinical and serologic evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Electron microscopic studies of skin lesions both before and after the development of SLE were consistent with the previously reported electron microscopic findings in patients with EBA. Direct immunofluorescence microscopic studies done on bullae before and after the diagnosis of SLE showed linear depositions of immunoglobulin and complement; indirect immunofluorescence microscopic study findings consistently showed no abnormalities. These findings have been noted in other cases of EBA and may implicate autoimmune, immunologic factors in the pathogenesis of the disease process. To our knowledge, the finding of SLE in association with EBA has not been previously reported. PMID- 7259222 TI - Eosinophilic cellulitis. (Well's syndrome) in a child. AB - Granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilia (Well's syndrome) occurred in an 11 year-old boy. To our knowledge, eosinophilic cellulitis in a child in whom atrophic alopecia of the affect scalp later develops during the regression phase has not previously been reported. No notable effect of steroid therapy was observed. The cause of eosinophilic cellulitis is still unknown, but the presence of disseminated fibrinoid necrosis, vasculitis, eosinophilia, and a positive antinuclear factor test result might indicate an autoimmune or allergic disease. PMID- 7259223 TI - Unilateral palpable purpura. A manifestation of septic emboli from an infected aortofemoral bypass graft eroding the jejunum. AB - A 48-year-old man had a palpable purpuric eruption of the right lower extremity several years after a right aortofemoral bypass graft for obstructive atherosclerotic disease. Histologic examination revealed a leukocytoclastic angitis, and belated tissue Gram's stains disclosed clumps of Gram-negative organisms. The focus for the unilateral purpura proved to be an erosion of the jejunum by the bypass that yielded Enterobacter aerogenes on culture, as did one preoperative blood sample. PMID- 7259224 TI - Persistent photosensitivity caused by musk ambrette. AB - Persistent photosensitivity developed in a man after use of an after-shave lotion containing musk ambrette. His eruption, present over ligh-exposed areas of the face, the "V" area of the neck, and the dorsa of the hands, has persisted for more than three years despite therapy. The patient demonstrated a minimal erythema after an ultraviolet B dose of 5 s, and was strongly ultraviolet A photosensitive to a 2% musk ambrette solution in petrolatum and to the after shave lotion that contained musk ambrette. A persistent light reactivity induced by musk ambrette has most likely developed in this patient. PMID- 7259225 TI - Pseudoepitheliomatous, keratotic, and micaceous balanitis. AB - A case of pseudoepitheliomatous, keratotic, and micaceous balanitis is described. This rare tumor of the glans penis was initially considered to be entirely benign. Evidence from this case and from previously published case reports suggests that this lesion may have locally invasive or aggressive tendencies and that it should be considered to have low-grade or limited malignant potential. Conservative surgical removal seems to be adequate therapy. PMID- 7259226 TI - Chronic urticaria from tantalum staples. AB - We report herein the onset of chronic urticaria ten months after surgical implantation of tantalum staples. Intradermal testing with tantalum an urticarial response. The urticaria did not improve by treatment with antihistamines, but responded dramatically to disulfiram chelation therapy and resolved completely after surgical removal of the tantalum staples. We suspected a type 1 anaphylactic hypersensitivity to tantalum was present, but we have also considered that tantalum might have direct histamine releasing-like activity. PMID- 7259227 TI - Pathology quiz case 1. Pilar tumor of the scalp (proliferating trichilemmal cyst). PMID- 7259228 TI - Pathology quiz case 3. Lichen myxedematosus (scleromyxedema). PMID- 7259229 TI - Squamous cell carcinomas in Fanconi's anemia. PMID- 7259230 TI - Unusual manifestation of metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma. PMID- 7259231 TI - Demodectic mite on an extremity. PMID- 7259232 TI - Discoid skin lesion in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7259233 TI - Oral contraceptives as a cause of erythema nodosum. PMID- 7259234 TI - Leukoedema, reactive hyperkeratosis, or cheek biting. PMID- 7259235 TI - Immunologic studies in patients with alopecia areata. PMID- 7259236 TI - Solitary trichoepithelioma in a 70-year-old man. PMID- 7259237 TI - Serologic assays for antibodies to hexamethylene diisocyanate and diphenylmethane diisocyanate. PMID- 7259238 TI - A national resident matching program for dermatology. PMID- 7259239 TI - Cutaneous eruptions in congenital tuberculosis. AB - Systemic tuberculosis with morphologic skin lesions that were essentially identical developed in two infants who were born of tuberculous mothers. In each patient, the infection induced erythematous papules with central crusted dells, noted four and eight weeks after birth, respectively. In each case, the diagnosis of tuberculosis was made by examination of tissue that was obtained at laparotomy. In neither patient was Mycobacterium tuberculosis found in the skin lesions. The conditions of both patients responded well to antituberculous therapy. This article reviews the possible categorization of the skin lesions in these infants. PMID- 7259240 TI - Skin cancer in patients with psoriasis treated with coal tar. A 25-year follow-up study. AB - For many years, crude coal tar has been used for the treatment of psoriasis. The possible carcinogenic effect of crude coal tar and ultraviolet (UV) radiation (Goeckerman regimen), considered individually or in combination, has been of some concern to physicians. A 25-year follow-up study was completed on 280 patients with psoriasis who were hospitalized and treated with crude coal tar and UV radiation at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, during the years 1950 through 1954. The results of this study suggest that the incidence of skin cancer is not appreciably increased above the expected incidence for the general population when patients are treated with coal tar ointments. It seems that the Goeckerman regimen (topical crude coal tar combined with UV radiation) can be used with minimal risk for skin cancer in the treatment of psoriasis. PMID- 7259241 TI - A phototherapy cabinet for ultraviolet radiation therapy. AB - A newly designed cabinet can be used for the treatment of psoriasis with fluorescent ultraviolet (UV) lamps. the new design provides more uniform distribution of UV radiation in both the horizontal and vertical axes, and several safety features have been added. The distribution and uniformity of UV output in this and in a previously described cabinet are compared. The UV output at the vertical center of the older UV light cabinet was six times greater than that at either the top or bottom, while the design of the present cabinet provides uniform UV radiation except for a slight increase at head height and at the level of the lower legs compared with the middle third of the cabinet. The variation in output of the older cabinet may, in part, explain the commonly encountered difficulty in the phototherapy of psoriasis of the scalp and lower extremities. PMID- 7259243 TI - Healing of port-wine stains after argon laser therapy. AB - Studies have shown port-wine stains (PWSs) probably represent an aneurysmal dilation and ectasia of the cutaneous vascular plexus. The abnormal vessels are largely included within a 0.6-mm subepidermal zone, which is within the argon laser destruction range. Twenty-eight patients with PWSs underwent biopsies prior to argon laser treatment and repeated biopsies 4 1/2 months later. Those lesions (23) that contained large ectatic blood-filled vessels responded well to argon laser therapy in contrast to those (five) in which the vessels were relatively small and erythrocyte free. A similar histologic pattern was seen in the repeated biopsy specimens of both groups: the mean vessel area, the fraction of dermis occupied by vessels, vascular erythrocyte content, and vessel wall thickness sharply decreased, while the number of vessels tripled. Since lesion color strongly correlates with and probably is largely determined by erythrocyte content, the reason for the PWS lightening, despite increased vessel number, is the relative lack of erythrocytes in the newly formed vessels. PMID- 7259242 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. AB - Leiomyosarcomas arising in the skin and subcutaneous tissue are rare tumors, and diagnosis usually is made by microscopic examination of the lesion. These lesions typically appear as a single, smooth nodule in the skin but may also occur as multiple nodules with varying surface changes. After local excision, these lesions recur in a large proportion of patients. However, metastatic spread that leads to death seems to occur only in patients with the subcutaneous variety of the tumor. Three patients had varied clinical appearances of leiomyosarcomas. In one case, which was available for long-term evaluation, no recurrence was noted six years after surgical excision of a single lesion. PMID- 7259244 TI - Hyperlinear palms: association with ichthyosis and atopic dermatitis. AB - The skin and palmar markings were examined in 178 patients with atopic dermatitis, 66 (37%) of whom had ichthyosis vulgaris. Increased palmar markings were found in 49 (28%) patients, while a normal pattern of palmar markings was present in 129 (72%) patients. Increased palmar markings were commonly observed in patients with atopic dermatitis and ichthyosis, while normal palms were found in almost all patients with atopic dermatitis alone. It is suggested that the increased palmar markings often seen in patients with atopic dermatitis are actually a manifestation of concomitant ichthyosis vulgaris. PMID- 7259245 TI - Dermal erythropoiesis in a neonate. PMID- 7259246 TI - Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. Cutaneous manifestations and colossal keloids. PMID- 7259247 TI - Cutaneous cysticercosis treated with metrifonate. AB - Cutaneous cysticercosis in humans is an uncommon parasitic infestation. When few nodules are present, surgical excision is effective therapy. For multiple nodules, diverse forms of treatment have been employed. We describe herein a patient with myriad nodules of cysticercosis who showed dramatic improvement after two six-day courses of metrifonate (an organophosphorous compound) administered one month apart. These encouraging results could be of help to other patients, especially those with CNS involvement, although the use of this compound is not without risk. PMID- 7259248 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract presenting with a cutaneous metastasis. PMID- 7259249 TI - Verruciform xanthoma of the penis. AB - We describe herein a patient with a verruciform xanthoma of the penis. This histologically distinctive lesion is usually confined to the oral mucosa, although two cases occurring on the vulva have recently been reported. To our knowledge, this lesion has not been previously described in other sites. Biopsy for histopathologic examination is required to aid in the identification of this unusual entity. Verruciform xanthomas have been benign, although a squamous cell carcinoma subsequently developed in one patient whose oral lesions were associated with leukoplakia. PMID- 7259250 TI - Keratoacanthomas arising in hypertrophic lichen planus. A case report. PMID- 7259251 TI - Generalized normolipemic plane xanthoma. New observations and long-range follow up. PMID- 7259252 TI - Transient tachypnoea of the newborn: two distinct clinical entities? AB - Twenty-five infants with transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) were examined by serial echocardiography during the first 4 days of life. The infants could be divided clinically into two groups: group 1 (n = 19) babies with mild classical TTN requiring less than 40% oxygen, and group 2 (n = 6) babies with severe TTN needing greater than 60% oxygen. Apart from amount of oxygen these two groups differed in that those with severe TTN had lower Apgar scores and arterial pH soon after birth. Echocardiography showed that the babies with classical TTN had increased left ventricular pre-ejection period to ejection times (LPEP/LVET) during the first day of life. Initial LPEP/LVET ratio correlated with duration of treatment with oxygen. The babies with severe TTN increased LPEP/LVET and right ventricular pre-ejection period to ejection times ratios (RPEP/ RVET) during the first 3 days of life. There was no correlation between systolic time intervals and duration of oxygen treatment. These findings suggest that there may be two distinct types of TTN: mild or classical type resulting from mild left ventricular failure, and a severe type associated with generalised myocardial failure, pulmonary hypertension, and right-to-left shunting. PMID- 7259253 TI - Effect of tracheal suction on oxygenation, circulation, and lung mechanics in newborn infants. AB - Transcutaneous PO2, heart rate, and aortic blood pressure were measured i 10 mechanically-ventilated newborn infants to assess the degree and course of hypoxaemia, and to monitor the cardiovascular and respiratory changes during tracheal toilet. Five infants weighed less than 1250 (mean 994), g and 5 infants weighed greater than 1750 (mean 2216) g. During tracheal suction the TcPO2 fell from 68 +/- 27 (mean +/- SD) to 43 +/- 23 mmHg, and the heart rate from 144 +/- 8 to 123 +/- 25 beats/minute, but the blood pressure increased from 44 to +/- 24 to 49 +/- 24 mmHg. Hypoxaemia (TcPO2 less than 50 mmHg) occurred in 7 of 8 initially well-oxygenated infants when suctioned. The decrease in TcPO2 was similar for both groups of infants. It was greater in infants with controlled ventilation and an F1O2 greater than or equal to 0.8 than in infants with intermittent mandatory ventilation and an F1O2 less than 0.8. The TcPO2 fall correlated well with the TcPO2 during the control period but not during the time that the infants were disconnected from the respirator. A critical re-evaluation of routine tracheal toilet is needed. PMID- 7259254 TI - Croup, recurrent group, allergy, and airways hyper-reactivity. AB - One hundred and ten children were studied 9 years after each had been in hospital for croup. They were evaluated with a questionnaire, physical examination, allergy skin testing, pulmonary function tests, and a histamine inhalation challenge. Fifty-seven of them had recurrent episodes of croup, and 33 were defined as allergic. The association between allergy and recurrent croup was highly significant. Airways hyper-reactivity was found in 23 of them, and was associated with allergy and recurrent croup. The group of children with a history of recurrent croup could be distinguished from the group with one or two episodes by male predominance, onset of the disease at a younger age, familial predisposition, a significantly greater association with allergy and airways hyper-reactivity, slightly lower expiratory flow rates in pulmonary function tests, and a tendency towards the subsequent development of asthma. PMID- 7259255 TI - Laryngomalacia and inspiratory obstruction in later childhood. AB - Pulmonary function and symptoms were reviewed in 20 children in whom laryngomalacia had been diagnosed by direct laryngoscopy in infancy. Most children developed stridor in the first 2 weeks, but 3 children did not develop it until age 3 months. The mean duration of stridor was 4 years 2 months, with a range of 4 months to 12 years 7 months. Six children had marked posseting as infants. Airway dynamics were assessed by flow volume loops. All except one had normal expiratory flow volume curves. Inspiratory abnormalities were detected in 7 children; 6 were assessed as having variable extrathoracic inspiratory obstructions and 1 had a fixed obstruction consistent with subglottic stenosis. The mean ratios of maximal inspiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity divided by forced vital capacity in the laryngomalacia and control groups differed significantly, as did the mean ratios of maximal expiratory flow to maximal inspiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity. Laryngomalacia is not necessarily a benign disorder of limited duration; there may be persisting inspiratory obstruction in later childhood. PMID- 7259257 TI - Lactose malabsorption during gastroenteritis, assessed by the hydrogen breath test. AB - Thirty-eight infants and young children with gastroenteritis were investigated for lactose malabsorption. Each of them was given an oral lactose load of either 0.5 g/kg or 2 g/kg after which breath hydrogen excretion was measured, and each was observed to see if he had clinical symptoms of lactose intolerance. Only one patient, given 2 g/kg lactose, had clinical intolerance. His breath hydrogen excretion however was negative. Three of 18 patients given 0.5 g/kg lactose had positive breath hydrogen tests. None of these was symptomatic. Lactose intolerance in gastroenteritis was rare in our study, and the hydrogen breath test was not an appropriate technique for detecting it. PMID- 7259256 TI - Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in infants with respiratory infections. AB - Four infants in whom excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone was associated with pulmonary infections are reported. Severe hyponatraemia was noted in 3 of them; in the fourth, fluid restriction may have prevented this complication. PMID- 7259258 TI - Failure of the hydrogen breath test to detect pulmonary sugar malabsorption. AB - Five patients with sucrase-isomaltase deficiency, and one patient with primary glucose-galactose malabsorption had no increases in breath hydrogen excretion after oral sucrose or glucose. Anaerobic incubation with sugars of stool suspensions from 5 patients with primary sugar malabsorption produced by trace of hydrogen (17 microliter) in only one, while those from 13 or 14 controls produced a mean hydrogen volume of 640 microliter under similar conditions. Altered bacterial metabolism is a probable explanation. Breath hydrogen excretion did increase appreciably in 2 of these patients after oral lactulose showing that hydrogen excretion may vary according to the substrate. Therefore, observation of breath hydrogen excretion after lactulose is not recommended as a means of predicting false-negative breath tests with other sugars. The hydrogen breath test is not a reliable mean of diagnosing primary sugar malabsorption in children. PMID- 7259259 TI - Cytotoxicity of lymphocytes in the newborn. AB - Antibody-dependent, phytohaemagglutinin-induced, and spontaneous cytotoxicity was studied in 44 term and 60 preterm newborn babies, all of whom were healthy and of normal weight for gestational age. Twenty-seven adults were used as controls. Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity was low in term babies particularly in the preterm ones during the first 4 days of life, but soon rose to adult levels. Phytohaemagglutinin-induced cytotoxicity was low both in term and preterm babies compared with adult levels, and remained lower throughout the neonatal period although it began to rise. Spontaneous cytotoxicity was lower in preterm babies than in term ones during the first 2 weeks of life, and lower too than in adults. These findings indicate decreased cytotoxic ability of neonatal leucocytes especially during the first 4 days of postnatal life particularly in preterm babies, suggesting either lack of effector cells or that the cells are functionally immature. PMID- 7259260 TI - A polymorph bactericidal defect and a lupus-like syndrome. AB - We describe a child with primary defect of polymorph bacterial killing associated with systemic lungs erythematosus. We suggest that her autoimmune disease results from chronic bacterial antigen stimulation and propose a hypothetical model linking immunodeficiency with autoimmunity. PMID- 7259261 TI - Renal-vertebral index in normal children. AB - The renal-vertebral index is a simple method of evaluating the renal length in children and is convenient for everyday clinical work. The results of 822 normal children aged between 3 days and 14 years are reported. Infants of up to 1 year were found to have an index of about 4 to 5, pre-school children are an index of 3 1/2 to 4 1/2, and schoolchildren an index of 3 1/2 to 4. There was no significant difference in renal-vertebral index between boys and girls. PMID- 7259262 TI - Congenital villous atrophy associated with stagnant loop syndrome. AB - A child who presented at age 9 months with steatorrhoea and malnutrition is described. After an initial period of intravenous feeding it was found that oral gentamicin led to a reduction of clinical steatorrhoea and an increase in weight, and so gentamicin was continued for 18 months. Investigation showed severe villous atrophy without pronounced inflammatory cell infiltrate and with no increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes. The villous atrophy was not present in the duodenum but started in the jejunum. The small-intestine was radiologically dilated throughout its length. It is suggested that this structurally-abnormal gut acted as a stagnant loop and exacerbated the steatorrhoea. PMID- 7259263 TI - Delayed separation of the umbilical cord, severe widespread infections, and immunodeficiency. AB - Three of 4 children in a family died from infection before age one year. All 3 had delayed separation of the umbilical cord in the third week. One child was found to have defects both in specific antibody production and in neutrophil function; these were not improved by treatment with ascorbic acid or levamisole. PMID- 7259264 TI - Effect on the white cell count of contaminating cerebrospinal fluid with blood. AB - Retrospective analysis of heavily blood-stained cerebrospinal fluid shows that there are fewer white cells found in this fluid than would be expected by calculations using the peripheral blood red to white cell ratio. This phenomenon may disguise a true leucocytosis. PMID- 7259266 TI - Hypertension and segmental renal hypoplasia causing a syndrome of haemolysis and uraemia. AB - An 11-year-old girl presented with acute renal failure and severe hypertension. The blood film showed thrombocytopenia, numerous fragmented red blood cells, and a reticulocyte count of 10%. An intravenous pyelogram showed a small contracted left kidney, and plasma renin activity was increased in the left renal vein. Treatment with minoxidil and propranolol controlled the hypertension. After nephrectomy the hypertension resolved. Light microscopical examination of the left kidney showed a segmental renal hypoplasia. Malignant arterial hypertension can provoke a syndrome of haemolysis and uraemia in children. Aggressive lowering of blood pressure leads to an improvement in renal function. PMID- 7259265 TI - Precordial catch syndrome. AB - Seventeen cases of precordial "catch" are reported. The children varied in age from 8 to 16 years. The characteristics of this painful condition are discussed; in particular, the diagnostic indication of the site of the pain over an intercostal space, with the finger tip, is stressed. Anxiety in the child, or the parents, in relation to the complaint is discussed. Several methods of treatment are recommended. PMID- 7259267 TI - Porencephalic cysts as a result of placental damage at amniocentesis. PMID- 7259268 TI - Metoclopramide poisoning in children. PMID- 7259269 TI - Visceral larva migrans and Trichuris vulpis. PMID- 7259270 TI - Women in paediatrics. PMID- 7259271 TI - Cerebral structure and intraventricular haemorrhage in the neonate: a real-time ultrasound study. AB - A method for systematic scanning of the neonatal brain with real-time ultrasound is described, and the linear array is compared with mechanical sector scanners. Anatomical landmarks recognised on axial, coronal, and parasagittal scans are verified by comparison with brain slices at necropsy. A prospective study of 50 infants admitted consecutively to the neonatal unit at this hospital showed intraventricular haemorrhage in 18 (36%). These 18 infants included 10 (43%) out of 23 of birthweight less than or equal to 1500 g, and 3 (27%) out of 11 of birthweight 1501-2000 g. An unexpected feature was the recognition of intraventricular haemorrhage in 5 of the 13 infants greater than 2000 g birthweight. On sequential daily scans intraventricular haemorrhage was diagnosed most often in the first 2 days of life and abnormal ventricular echoes persisted for up to 12 days thereafter. Late development of hydrocephalus was recorded in 2 infants. Real-time ultrasound provides the neonatologist with a practical method for diagnosis and monitoring of intracranial lesions in the ill neonate and is a valuable, non-invasive, and safe tool for studying the pathophysiology of neurological handicap in infancy. PMID- 7259272 TI - Factors associated with periventricular haemorrhage in very low birthweight infants. AB - Periventricular haemorrhage was diagnosed in vivo in 20 of 29 consecutively admitted infants of birthweight below 1500 g using an ultrasound scanner. Ten (51%) infants with haemorrhages survived. Mortality was related to the extent of the bleeding. Statistically significant associations with respiratory distress, ventilator therapy, metabolic acidosis, and hypercapnia were observed, lending support to their role in the pathogenesis of periventricular haemorrhage. PMID- 7259273 TI - Surgical management of patent ductus arteriosus in newborn infants of low birthweights. A review of 33 cases. PMID- 7259276 TI - Variability of airways hyper-reactivity and allergy in cystic fibrosis. AB - The importance of bronchial hyper-reactivity and allergy, and treatment with bronchodilators and corticosteroids, in the management of patients with cystic fibrosis is poorly understood. Three tests generally regarded as useful in the diagnosis of asthma were evaluated in 25 children with cystic fibrosis. The constancy of a child's response was assessed by histamine bronchial provocation, exercise challenge, and tests of skin allergy during a 6-month period. Although a positive response to these tests was related to impaired pulmonary function, 44% of children had variable responses to histamine, 56% to exercise, and 24% to skin tests which were unrelated to exacerbations of chest infection or to changes in pulmonary function. These results show the complex nature of airways hyper reactivity and allergy in cystic fibrosis, and suggest that 'anti-asthma' therapy is not justified solely on the basis of one positive response to these tests. PMID- 7259274 TI - Use of the child health clinic. AB - Attendance at child health clinics in two areas of London, north Westminster and south Camden, is described. Routine examinations were attended by 97% of children although such visits accounted for only one-third of attendances. There were more non-routine visits than have been reported in most other studies--about 14 visits in Westminster and 12 in Camden during the first year. Over half the mothers sought advice on a wide variety of medical, developmental, and behavioural problems. PMID- 7259275 TI - Relationship of exercise-induced asthma to clinical asthma in childhood. AB - Thirty-three asthmatics were followed up for a mean of 8 1/2 years in prospective study in order to observe the clinical course of the disease. The severity of asthma was graded according to the treatment each required to keep him in reasonable health. Regular exercise tests were performed so that a comparison could be made between the degree of exercise-induced asthma and the severity of the disease. In this group of severe perennial childhood asthmatics profound exercise-induced asthma was found to exist throughout the entire clinical spectrum of the disease with no appreciable difference until the patient became symptom-free. Exercise-induced asthma then disappeared only to return if clinical asthma recurred. This study showed that exercise-induced asthma is a sensitive indicator of clinical asthma but has no prognostic significance in the symptom free patient. PMID- 7259277 TI - Hepatic portoenterostomy for biliary atresia. A comparative study of histology and prognosis after surgery. AB - Specimens of excised tissue from the porta hepatis in 26 infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia undergoing hepatic portoenterostomy were analysed histologically for the presence and size of biliary ductules. No correlation could be found between the establishment of effective biliary drainage and the number or size of biliary ductules. it is suggested that prognosis after surgery may be related to the intrahepatic lesion and age of the child at operation rather than to the histology of the extrahepatic bile duct remnants. PMID- 7259278 TI - Amyloidosis in children with familial Mediterranean fever. AB - The clinical and laboratory findings of 35 children with familial Mediterranean fever who developed amyloidosis are described. The types, frequency, and severity of attacks of familial Mediterranean fever in these children were no different from patients with this disease without amyloidosis. Although amyloid was widely deposited in all tissues, the major clinical manifestations of the amyloidosis were proteinuria, the nephrotic syndrome, and progressive renal failure. Only 20% of the patients were alive 5 years after the first appearance of proteinuria. PMID- 7259279 TI - Necrotising enterocolitis in older infants. AB - Thirteen children, ranging in age from 45 days to 2 years, had severe gastrointestinal illness with the features characteristic of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis. All 13 children had preceding gastroenteritis leading to hypovolaemia. Necrotising enterocolitis can occur in children beyond the neonatal age group and it may occur as a sequel to gastroenteritis. PMID- 7259280 TI - Pregnanediols and breast milk jaundice. AB - Samples of breast milk collected from mothers of infants with breast milk jaundice were analysed for 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha, 20 beta-diol, and other pregnanediols using gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. None was detected in any of the specimens and therefore it is unlikely to be the inhibitory factor in bilirubin conjugation. The plasma osmolalities of the infants, which were determined at the onset of jaundice, were within normal limits. PMID- 7259281 TI - Factors influencing mortality and morbidity after clinically apparent intraventricular haemorrhage. AB - Twenty newborn infants with clinically apparent intraventricular haemorrhage were studied in order to determine the factors associated with mortality and morbidity. Ten survived, 4 without handicap and 2 with only moderate handicap. Maturity and not size of haemorrhage appeared to be the main factor affecting mortality and morbidity at 1 year. Coma longer than 24 hours after intraventricular haemorrhage distinguished survivors with handicap from those without and may be a useful prognostic sign. PMID- 7259282 TI - Trimeprazine and respiratory depression. PMID- 7259283 TI - Henoch-Schonlein nephritis: long-term prognosis of unselected patients. AB - Progressive glomerulonephritis is the most serious feature of Henoch-Schonlein syndrome. In a series of 141 children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura 39 (28%) had abnormal urinary sediment for a duration of more than one month. This subgroup was followed up for 3.0 to 13.8 (mean 7.2) years. One child progressed to renal failure and 2 developed chronic glomerular disease. In this series most of the patients with Henoch-Schonlein syndrome and nephritis had a good prognosis. PMID- 7259284 TI - Depression in mothers of young children. PMID- 7259285 TI - Recurrent meningitis in a child with combined IgA deficiency and splenic hypoplasia. PMID- 7259286 TI - Intractable diarrhoea of infancy and latent otomastoiditis. PMID- 7259287 TI - Freeze-fracture study of melanosomes in mammalian epidermis and the distribution of intramembrane particles in the melanosome membrane. AB - The ultrastruct of melanosomes in mammalian epidermis has been studied using the freeze-fracture technique. The internal structure of the melanosome, as seen in cross-fractured granules, consists of a very fine particulate matter. There is no evidence of an internal membranous structure in melanosomes, indicating that the internal matrix which is characteristic of ultra-thin sectioned material most likely represents cross-linked protein fibers. Fracture "en-face' of the melaosome limiting membrane reveals a random distribution of intramembrane particles on both the P- and E-faces of the membrane. There is a significantly higher density of IMPs on the P-face. The IMPs of the melanosome membrane may be involved in (a) selective passage of ions through the membrane, (b) membrane transducing events, and/or (c) anchoring sites for cytoplasmic fibrils and microfilaments. PMID- 7259288 TI - Effect of danazol on dysfunctional C 1 inhibitor in a patient with angioedema. PMID- 7259289 TI - Remarks on the paper by R. Wrench: "Epidermal thinning: evaluation of commercial corticosteroids". PMID- 7259290 TI - Mycosis fungoides associated with Mediterranean lymphoma. AB - Mycosis fungoides was observed in a 71-year-old male with Mediterranean lymphoma, a B-cell malignancy. It is proposed that this association is not incidental since hypergammaglobulinaemia and even monoclonal gammopathies have repeatedly been described in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Mediterranean lymphoma might have resulted from (a) helper cell activities of tumor T-lymphocytes, (b) common antigenic stimuli, or (c) deranged T-B cooperation due to concomitant mycosis fungoides. PMID- 7259291 TI - Risk factors of the cutaneous melanoma phenotype. AB - Of 20 melanoma patients 85% show a prolonged erythema persistence after a marked test erythema of 8 MED with 300 nm +/- 10 nm (control group only 34%). This phenomenon does not correlate with the skin type and is useful in identifying high-risk patients prone to melanoma and light-induced skin cancer (92%). The spontaneous and the UV-C-induced number of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) per metaphase was significantly higher in peripheral leukocytes of melanoma patients than in normal controls. The attempt was made to establish a "risk-spectrum" of cutaneous melanoma phenotype. PMID- 7259292 TI - Secondary ion emission microanalysis: applications to the study of human skin. AB - Secondary ion emission microanalysis is a new method of physical analysis recently applied in biology. The apparatus required (CAMECA SMI 300) enables pictures to be taken of the distribution of certain elements, with a space resolution of the order of 1 microgram. Concentrations below 1 p.p.m. are perceptible for most elements. The present results are the first obtained for human skin sections. Investigation of the natural elements of normal skin reveals no particular accumulation. Elements foreign to the skin are easy to detect. We show here the distribution in the epidermis of clinical antiseptics applied locally. This method has two advantages compared to X-ray microanalysis. It is more sensitive and allows analysis of even the lightest elements. However, its use in skin penetration studies is limited because it does not permit quantitative analysis and serious interference problems may occur. PMID- 7259294 TI - [In vivo hydration measurement of the stratum corneum (author's transl)]. AB - A methods is described which allows the humidity measurement of the horny layer of the human skin. The method is based on the correlation between the direct current conduction at 3.0 V and the gravimetrically analyzed humidity of a homogenous skin model. The validity of this model is mainly limited by the nonhomogenous distribution of humidity in the stratum corneum. This method is applied to healthy human skin to find out the dynamic response of the skin to moisturization by water bath. It is a surprising result that 15 min after the bath the horny layer is dryer than before starting the experiment. The kinetic of the humidity change from the moisturization state to the equilibrium state is followed, after a fast initial phase, by a normal exponential decay, which is used as a proof for the applicability of the correlation between the electric conductivity and the humidity of the model for the determination of the overall humidity of the human horny layer. PMID- 7259293 TI - Ultrastructural studies of type II fucosidosis. AB - Type II fucosidosis in an autosomal recessive disease. The paper presents a case of a patient with alpha-L-fucosidase of whom a skin specimen was examined under the electron microscope. Storage material was observed mainly in endothelial cells of blood capillaries and Schwann cells surrounding small peripheral nerves of papillary dermis. Within both cells two different kinds of inclusions were revealed: (1) clear vacuoles and (2) dense bodies with an internal structure prevalently lamellar. All these ultrastructural alterations were observed long before the appearance of clinically defined angiokeratoma at cutaneous level. Hence, they present the same alteration found in the absence of angiokeratoma in type I fucosidosis. PMID- 7259295 TI - Circulating antibodies in rabbits against a Kveim Material. AB - For 1 year five rabbits were sensitized with a solubilized Kveim material. After 50 days, precipitating antibodies were demonstrated by passive immunodiffusion. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis using Kveim material against concentrated rabbit serum showed ill-defined precipitates, while two well-defined precipitates were seen when rocket immunoelectrophoresis was used. One of the precipitates probably represented an antibody against human serum protein in the K veim material, while the other may have been a specific antibody against the K veim material. No precipitates were seen when rocket immunoelectrophoresis was applied to sera from two patients with active sarcoidosis. PMID- 7259296 TI - Enhancement of granulocyte chemotaxis in Behcet's disease. AB - The humoral and cellular immune status, the cutaneous pathergy, PMNL in vitro function tests as well as clinical and general laboratory examination were performed and evaluated on ten patients suffering from Behcet's disease (BD) and ten other patients with benign recurrent aphthosis (RA). The same set of in vitro tests (except PMNL exposure to solutions of copper sulfate or DDT) was carried out on a control group consisting of more than 100 healthy male and female individuals of various ages. Apart from general signs of inflammatory activity (leukocytosis, elevation of ESR, increased IgG serum levels), cutaneous pathergy to mild local highly injuries and marked enhancement of PMNL chemotaxis proved to be highly significant symptoms in acute phases of BD in contrast to benign RA. Both symptoms, in particular the hyperchemotaxis of PMNL, can be regarded as valuable diagnostic means in the early detection of beginning or atypical BD. PMID- 7259297 TI - Phenobarbital treatments lower DDT body burden in rhesus monkeys. AB - Decreased DDT, DDD, DDE in blood and DDA in urine followed phenobarbital treatments (10 mg/kg/day, 11 days, intramuscular (im)) in three male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Animals were fed DDT diets containing up to 500 ppm DDT during a 3-year period. Induction of liver monooxygenases was confirmed by reduced in vivo antipyrine plasma half-life and increased in vitro oxidation rates of dihydroisodrin, p-nitroanisole and benz(alpha)pyrene by homogenates of liver obtained from closed needle biopsy. Chlorohydrocarbon blood levels significantly decreased during the induction period (days 1-11). Concentrations on day 28 were at or below pre-DDT exposure levels. Urine DDA gradually decreased in all monkeys from days 16 to 28. PMID- 7259298 TI - Sub-acute and sub-chronic toxicity of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate in the rat. PMID- 7259299 TI - Mercury and selenium content and chemical form in fish muscle. AB - Data on the content, chemical form, and distribution of mercury and selenium in edible muscle are presented for several species of marine and freshwater fish. For most species, 60 to 95% of the total mercury content is present as methylmercury. For all species, 15 to 35% of the total selenium content is in the form of selenate ( Se VI). Muscle selenium content does not correlate with the corresponding mercury content. For freshwater and processed (canned) marine samples, 60 to 90% of the total mercury content is water-extractable. On a percentage basis, methylmercury is slightly more extractable than inorganic mercury. For nonprocessed marine samples, only 25 to 45% of the total mercury is water-extractable, inorganic mercury being more extractable than methylmercury. For all species, 55 to 80% of the total selenium content is water extractable, Se VI is more extractable on a percentage basis than selenite (Se IV) and selenide (Se-II). PMID- 7259300 TI - The effect of calcium on cadmium toxicity in the freshwater amphipod, Gammarus pulex (L.). AB - Adult intermolt Gammarus pulex were exposed to a range of cadmium concentrations in an artificial stream water containing 20 mg calcium 1(-1). 96 hr and 48 hr LC 50 values obtained were 0.12 and 0.68 mg Cd 1(-1), respectively. The influence of external calcium level on cadmium toxicity was investigated at a cadmium concentration of 0.5 mg 1(-1). Calcium had an antagonistic effect on cadmium toxicity, and at a calcium concentration of 200 mg 1(-1) experimental animals failed to reach 50% mortality after a period of 120 hr. Over a 48 hr period of Cd uptake a solution containing 5 mg Cd 1(-1), animals in 200 mg calcium 1(-1) accumulated only half as much cadmium as animals in 20 mg calcium 1(-1). Post molt animals were very much more sensitive to cadmium than intermolt specimens. Exposure to 0.1 mg Cd 1(-1) resulted in death in approximately 24 hr and the mean mortality time for animals in 0.01 mg Cd 1(-1) was 45 hr. These data are likely to be explained in terms of competition between cadmium and calcium for binding sites associated with key physiological processes. The results place these animals among the most sensitive organisms yet studied with regard to cadmium toxicity, and emphasize the importance of the molt in assessing toxic effects on crustaceans. PMID- 7259301 TI - Distribution of heavy metals and radionuclides in sediments, water, and fish in an area of Great Bear Lake contaminated with mine wastes. AB - The concentrations of heavy metals and radionuclides in the sediments and water of Great Bear Lake were determined during 1978 near an operating silver mine and an abandoned uranium mine. Additional information on the level of mercury in fish tissues were also collected. The mines, situated on the same site, deposited tailings and other waste material directly into the lake. The concentrations of mercury, lead, manganese, and nickel in the sediments were highest near the tailings deposit and decreased significantly as the distance from the mine increased. Although there were also significant positive correlations between these metals and the organic content of the sediments, water depth and slope of the bottom had no impact on metal distribution. Since the concentrations of arsenic, cobalt, copper, 226radium, 210lead and 230thorium varied inconsistently throughout the study area, the distribution of these substances could not be related to any of the environmental factors that were measured. There were, however, significant negative correlations between the concentrations of 232thorium and 228thorium and distance from the mine and organic content of the sediments. Heavy metal and radionuclide levels in water were generally below detectable limits, reflecting the strong chemical bonding characteristics of the sediments. The low concentrations of mercury in the tissues of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush were probably related to low uptake rates and the ability of this species to move into uncontaminated areas of the lake. PMID- 7259302 TI - Effect of water pollutants and other chemicals upon the activity of lipase in vitro. AB - Lipase preparations were treated in vitro with 100 chemicals of various classes, many of which are environmental pollutants, to determine their effect upon enzyme activity. The greatest inhibition was caused by mercuric ion and certain heavy metal cations; almost as inhibiting were pentachlorophenol, dicofol, 2,4,5 trichlorophenol, and DDT. Less inhibition was found with other inorganic salts, organo-metals, other organic chemicals, and some pesticides. Apart from dichromate ion, the anions studied had a low to negligible effect on lipase. A mixture of 10 inorganic salts had an approximately cumulative inhibitory effect on enzyme activity. None of the chemicals studied caused a measurable activation of the enzyme. PMID- 7259303 TI - Synergism, antagonism, and additivity of phenol, pentachlorophenol, and dinitrophenol to a fish (Notopterus notopterus). AB - The toxicity of phenol (P), pentachlorophenol (PCP), and dinitrophenol (DNP) was determined separately and in different combinations with a test fish, Notopterus notopterus, using the procedure of Schubert et al. (1978) that provided a simple, sensitive, and quantitative index of synergism, antagonism and additivity. The combination (P + DNP)/PCP was found to be the most synergistic, while (PCP + DNP)/P was antagonistic in nature. The (DNP + P)/PCP combination was additive in its effect. The other combinations were also synergistic, but to a lesser extent than the (P + DNP)/PCP combination. PMID- 7259304 TI - Toxic and teratogenic effects of selected aromatic amines on embryos of the amphibian Xenopus laevis. AB - Evaluations of the toxic and teratogenic effects of four aromatic amines, acridine, aniline, pyridine, and quinoline, have been made on amphibian (Xenopus laevis) embryos. For toxicity testing, the embryos were divided into three groups according to stage of development: Group I were mid-blastulae, Group II were tailbud embryos, and Group III were swimming larvae. Of the amines tested, acridine and quinoline were the most toxic, followed by aniline and pyridine. Ninety six hr LC50 values for acridine, quinoline, aniline, and pyridine were 4.5, 95, 150, and 1090 mg/L, respectively, for Group III larvae. Except for acridine, where embryos in all three groups were about equally affected, those in Group II were less sensitive to the other amines than those in Groups I and III. Group I embryos were exposed to all four amines to determine their teratogenicity. The amines were ranked in order to decreasing teratogenicity: acridine, quinoline, aniline, and pyridine having 96-hr EC50 values of 2.4, 29, 370, and 1200 mg/L, respectively. Electron microscopic examination of Group III larvae exposed to these amines reveals pathology of the spinal cord and musculature. This damage was correlated with immobility of the larvae. The uptake of acridine was followed in larvae (Group III) exposed to 5 mg/L and was found to reach a maximum level of about 85 mg/g wet weight in about one hr. Depuration kinetics were characterized by a rapid loss of 70% of the total acridine within 45 min. Acridine was undetectable after two hr. These data suggest that acridine, aniline, and quinoline have toxic and teratogenic effects at sufficiently low concentrations as to make them potential environmental hazards. PMID- 7259305 TI - Long-term effects of intensive pesticide applications on the aquatic community in orchard drainage ditches near Hamburg, Germany. AB - The results of an ecological investigation carried out to determine the structure of an aquatic community in orchard drainage ditches were compared with the results of a similar study conducted about 25 years earlier, before the full impact of modern pesticides had been felt. Comparisons of the community structures and abundances of the various species indicate that many species have become completely resistant to the agricultural chemicals to which they are exposed, while others have been completely eliminated from the habitat. Certain species have apparently benefited from the disappearance of predators and competitors and are now present in great abundance. Herbicides have had little, if any, effect on the floral species diversity. Insecticides have taken the greatest toll on predatory species, while acaricidal compounds have completely eliminated all species of water mite. Only one predatory eugamasid mite species was found in the ditches among a large population of collembolans on the water's surface. The individual substances now used in the largest amounts to protect the orchards are discussed, and their properties are listed. The simultaneous use of several toxic substances seems to make the development of resistance more difficult because the probability that one individual will be naturally insensitive to two toxic substances is much less than that it will be resistant to one. The sequential application of different pesticides, on the other hand, allows species to develop populations resistant to each, in turn. PMID- 7259306 TI - Acute impact of an organophosphorus insecticide on microbes and small invertebrates of a mangrove estuary. AB - The effects of 24 to 72-hr exposure to fenthion (10(1)-10(3) ppb) were determined for a fungal community, nitrogen-fixing microbes, and representative meiofaunal and zooplankton invertebrates of a mangrove ecosystem. Also tested were the abilities of a benthic diatom and of fungi to grow in the presence of fenthion. Acute lethal, growth-inhibiting, or process-disrupting effects were not detected for exposures to less than 500 ppb fenthion. Results are compared with the findings of several other investigations of the impact of fenthion and other organophosphorus insecticides on non-target organisms. PMID- 7259307 TI - Methyl parathion persistence in soil following simulated spillage. AB - Simulated spillage of emulsifiable concentrate (E.C.) and microencapsulated formulations of methyl parathion on soil were studied. Persistence of residues from both formulations spilled as concentrates and as simulated from rinses were followed for up to 45 months. Spillage of encapsulated formulation resulted in the formulation of a solid cake-like deposit on the soil surface, which could be a particularly attractive hazard to small children. At 45 months, soil residues had decreased by 64% for emulsifiable concentrate spills, and 68% for the soil beneath the microencapsulated cake. Residue in the cake itself only decreased by 31%. Soil residue levels from simulated drum rinses were essentially innocuous by 45 months for the emulsifiable concentrate and by one year for the microencapsulated material. The leaching of methyl parathion from the microencapsulated cake into soil and the relationship between available residue and wet weather were also investigated. PMID- 7259308 TI - Evaluation of the toxic risk of DDT in the rat: during accumulation. AB - An investigation was undertaken on the accumulation of DDT and its metabolites in the rat. Rats received 14.5 mg DDT/kg b.w. every day for 52 days. Growth, food intake, body composition, and the activities of various enzymes were little affected. However, the level of total lipids fell 30% and the weight of the liver rose 20% due to cellular hypertrophy induced by the DDT. The quantity of DDT and its metabolites found in the carcass was 24 mg/rat i.e. three times that found in rats dead after a single dose of 200 mg/kg. Liver and brain contained 130 micrograms/rat and 10 micrograms/rat, respectively i.e. five times lower than those found in the rats which died from an acute dose of DDT. In the carcass, p,p' DDT accumulates more than p,p' DDE or p,p' DDD; the latter is preponderant in the liver. PMID- 7259309 TI - Evaluation of the toxic risk of accumulated DDT in the rat: during fat mobilization. AB - The effects of greatly reduced food intake were investigated in rats which had accumulated three times as much DDT as rats killed with a single dose approaching LD50. DDT and its metabolites mobilized more quickly than the fat deposits. The hypertrophy of the liver due to DDT decreased during food restriction and demonstrated the existence of a large detoxication capacity shown through the high metabolism of the pesticide. The disappearance of p,p' DDE was most rapid, followed by p,p' DDD then p,p' DDT; they did not accumulate in the fat reserves. The half-life of the pesticide, which is normally three months in the rat, was reduced to five days under the experimental conditions. In spite of rapid mobilization, no major toxic signs were detected from either nutritional, physiopathological, or biochemical examinations. PMID- 7259310 TI - Comparative disappearance of dioxathion, malathion, oxydemetonmethyl and dialifor from Florida citrus leaf and fruit surfaces. AB - Surface residue disappearance rates of dioxathion, malathion, oxydemetonmethyl, and dialifor were the same for fruit and leaves, and they increase with temperature. Disappearance rates were in the order of malathion greater than or equal to oxydemetonmethyl greater than dialifor greater than or equal to dioxathion. Malaoxon was present in relatively constant amounts under dry, cool, clear conditions but was not detected under wet, hot, cloudy conditions. PMID- 7259311 TI - Characterization of bound phenthoate residues in citrus. AB - The metabolism and fate of phenyl ring-labeled 14C-phenthoate (0,0-dimethyl S [alpha-(carboethoxy)benzyl] phosphorodithioate) was examined in the Valencia orange fruit with emphasis on the characterization of bound phenthoate residues in the fruit peel. The products recovered from the citrus fruit wash were unchanged phenthoate, phenthoate oxon, demethyl phenthoate, phenthoate acid, ethyl mandelate, and mandelic acid. The same products, with the exception of phenthoate oxon, were found in the acetone extract of the fruit peel. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the bound residue in the peel with beta-glucosidase, followed by acidic and basic hydrolysis gave ethyl mandelate as the major product, followed by mandelic acid, demethyl phenthoate and phenthoate acid. Phenthoate was metabolized and conjugated in citrus fruits into detoxication products. PMID- 7259312 TI - [Retrovesical hydatid cyst]. AB - The authors present a case of a single large retrovesical hydatidic cyst in a 76 year old patient in which they were unable to find extraurinary hydatidic forms and comment upon its possible primitive or secondary origin in view of the special features observed therein and the etiopathogenic information consulted. They also explain the steps in the clinical diagnosis and the surgical treatment performed to achieve the complete removal of the cyst. PMID- 7259313 TI - [Pyeloureteral duplication. Different pathological and anatomical forms in children]. PMID- 7259314 TI - [Newberyte in old calculi of the urinary system]. AB - In 542 old calculi belonging to the collection complied by Dr. P. Cifuentes Diaz, we have found newberyte in 81 calculi (14.9%). Newberyte appears in the struvite and apatite calculi in the form of small crystals looking like a mosaic. This results from the transformation of the struvite when it loses NH3 and H2O which we have only found in old urinary calculi. PMID- 7259315 TI - [Secondary testicular tumors as sole metastases. Discussion of the metastatic pathways]. AB - The authors present two cases of secondary unilateral testicle tumours which are found very infrequently. They discuss the possible metatasic approaches with special emphasis on the lymphatic way since, even when the other ways are possible, the anatomical conditions of the testis make them more theoretical than real. PMID- 7259316 TI - [Primary malignant melanoma of the penis. Considerations apropos of a case]. AB - The authors present a case of primitive malignant melanoma of the penis. At the same time they make a review of the world bibliography on this illness, in which they find only 50 cases published. They make a series of comments on the peculiar evolution of the case presented, in comparison to those described. They feel that the most important factor of the case presented is its rarity and the diagnostic difficulties involved. PMID- 7259317 TI - [Potassium urate in urinary tract calculi]. AB - In a study of renal calculi, performed with scanning electronic microscope, Edax, element mapping and semiquantitative analysis with a Nova 2 computer, we have found, among the urates, ratios K/Na from 0.016, in the almost pure monosodium urate stones, to 1.856 in other areas. The presence of monopotassium urate has, to our knowledge, no previous reference in the literature on human lithiasis. PMID- 7259318 TI - [Anatomo-clinical correlations in Berger's disease: evaluation of the prognosis by analysis of 101 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259319 TI - [Congenital fibromatosis. Anatomical and clinical study on three observations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259320 TI - [Retroperitoneal malignant xanthogranuloma. Case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259321 TI - [Histopathology of bone marrow in "refractory anemia". A study of 77 cases using semi-thin sections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259322 TI - [Ultrasonically guided percutaneous puncture in diagnosis of infra-diaphragmatic lesions. A preliminary study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259323 TI - [The immunological membrane markers of primary cerebral lymphomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259324 TI - [A study on 333 patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium treated by combined surgery and radiation therapy (1958-1978) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259325 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus in childhood. AB - The clinical and serological features have been analysed retrospectively in 42 patients with an onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) up to 16 years of age. Thirty-seven (88.1%) were female and 5 (11.9%) male. The mean age of onset was 12.3 years (range 7-16); 11 patients were 10 years or under. The mean duration of disease from diagnosis was 7.1 years (range 6 months-25 years). There were 6 deaths, 3 from infection, 2 from renal failure, and 1 from heart failure. Survival was calculated both from the date of onset and from the date of diagnosis. With the latter the estimated overall survival at 5 years was 82.6% and at 10 years 76.1%. The survival for patients with lupus nephritis was 59.5% at 5 years and 47.6% at 10 years. These data suggests that SLE in childhood is not necessarily associated with a poor prognosis, though renal involvement is still serious. There appeared to be no major differences between prepubertal, adolescent, and adult SLE with respect to clinical and serological findings. PMID- 7259327 TI - Circulating immune complexes in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. AB - Sera from patients with giant cell arteritis and/or polymyalgia rheumatica have been found to contain increased levels of circulating immune complexes (IC). Results with the polyethyleneglycol precipitation complement consumption (PEG-CC) assay have been correlated with disease activity. 44% of samples from an active untreated group (21 patients) had increased levels of ICs compared with 23% from an inactive treated group (49 patients). Further analysis of circulating ICs was performed by 125I-Clq binding, the PEG-C4 test, and 125I-conglutinin binding assays. Although we did not find a high correlation between IC levels and disease activity, isolation and analysis of the ICs may lead to further understanding of this disorder. PMID- 7259326 TI - Prostaglandin E1 infusions for vascular insufficiency in progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Twelve patients with systemic sclerosis (SS) and severe Raynaud's phenomenon received infusions of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) at a dose of 6-10 ng/kg/min, with either saline or 5% dextrose, for 72 hours in a single-blind cross-over study. The infusions were administered intravenously by centrally positioned catheters. Infusions were well tolerated with only mild side effects. Following the PGE1 infusion cold tolerance improved and attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon were less frequent, less severe, and shorter in duration. This subjective improvement was maintained for several weeks in most patients, and 2 noted healing of ischaemic ulcers. There was no significant change in objective measurements of hand function after either infusion. However, pain measured on a 10 cm visual analogue scale improved 2.19 cm with PGE1 and only 0.91 cm with normal saline (P less than 0.05). Temperature of the fingers and hands recorded by thermography did not change significantly with saline infusions, but did rise during PGE1 infusions (mean rise 2.0 degrees C at 48 hours, p less than 0.001), and was maintained when measured again 2 weeks later (mean rise 1.56 degrees C, p less 0.001). PGE1 may therefore be suitable treatment for Raynaud's phenomenon and the vascular insufficiency of systemic sclerosis and other connective tissue diseases. PMID- 7259328 TI - Arthritis in psoriasis. AB - A group of 61 unselected patients with psoriasis attending a dermatology clinic were studied to determine the prevalence of psoriatic arthritis. On defined criteria arthritis was present in 41.6%. Peripheral arthritis was present in 15.5%, and sacroiliitis in 43%. A strong association of distal interphalangeal arthritis with psoriasis and nail dystrophy was confirmed. Tissue typing showed a strong association of B23, 17, in Caucasoid psoriatics, while the haplotype A1/B8 was increased in mixed Caucasoid--Negroid psoriatics. PMID- 7259329 TI - Polymorphonuclear cell function in rheumatoid arthritis and in Felty's syndrome. AB - Tests for polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) chemotaxis, adherence, and electrophoretic mobility (EPM) were carried out on blood PMN isolated from 27 normal subjects, 16 patients with uncomplicated rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 9 patients with Felty's syndrome. Chemotaxis was measured by a modification of the Boyden chamber technique, adherence by retention of cells on nylon fibre columns, and EPM in a cylindrical electrophoretic assembly. There was no significant difference between the chemotactic migration of normal and rheumatoid PMN as assessed by the leading front measurement. However, PMN from patients with Felty's syndrome showed significantly reduced chemotaxis (P less than 0.001). Computerised image analysis showed this impaired migration to be due to an overall reduction in cell motility rather than loss of a subset cells. Activated serum from patients with RA and Felty's syndrome were as good chemoattractants as activated pooled AB serum. There was no significant difference in the adhesiveness of PMN from normal persons and rheumatoid patients, though PMN from patients with Felty's syndrome did show a trend to lower adhesiveness. Both RA and Felty's syndrome patients had an increase in the proportion of PMN of lower surface charge than controls. Direct correlations were observed between cells of high surface charge and nonadhesiveness. PMID- 7259330 TI - Cellular phagocytic studies in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with levamisole. AB - A simple method is described which allows sequential monitoring of the endocytic activity of blood and synovial fluid cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing therapy with levamisole. Evidence of immediate (24 hours) and long term (5-7 weeks) cellular phagocytic enhancement is presented. PMID- 7259331 TI - Polymorphonuclear granulocytes in rheumatic tissue destruction. III. an electron microscopic study of PMNs at the pannus-cartilage junction in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Metatarsophalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints from 3 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were investigated electron microscopically with regard to the occurrence of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) at the pannus-cartilage junction. In all 3 cases PMNs could be detected at the junction and within the cartilaginous matrix. PMN cytoplasmic processes surrounded collagenous islands in the cartilage. From the morphological findings it is deduced that PMNs are cells capable of destroying cartilage in inflammatory joint diseases, in particular in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7259332 TI - A comparison of serum biochemistry in ankylosing spondylitis, seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The serum biochemistry of 31 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was compared with that of 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (ARA criteria), 30 of whom were negative for circulating rheumatoid factor and 50 of whom were 'seropositive'. All patients were selected because of moderate to severe disease activity. All 3 groups had distinctive biochemical profiles. Total serum sulphydryl and haemoglobin were particularly good discriminators between AS and RA, IgG, IgA, and acute-phase reactants complemented the sheep cell agglutination test in discriminating between seropositive RA and seronegative RA. In active AS a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate was often seen in the presence of abnormal C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma viscosity. PMID- 7259333 TI - Reiter's syndrome in association with enteritis due to Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni. AB - An 18-year-old girl with Reiter's syndrome after febrile diarrhoea was found to be infected with Campylobacter fetus spp. jejuni. Excretion of campylobacter into stools was stopped by erythromycin therapy, but active polyarthritis lasted for 6 months. The patient was positive for HLA B27. PMID- 7259334 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon in a patient with gout. AB - A 49-year-old man with long-standing gout suffered a spontaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon. Surgical repair was performed, and gouty tophi were found in the severed end of the tendon. The possible causes of this spontaneous rupture are discussed. PMID- 7259335 TI - Coexistent rheumatoid arthritis and tophaceous gout: a case report. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis and gout are both common rheumatic diseases, but their coincidence is rare. We report the case of a 67-year-old Caucasian woman with rheumatoid arthritis who later developed tophaceous gout. The tophi disappeared with remarkable rapidity on treatment with allopurinol. PMID- 7259336 TI - Reactive arthritis associated with campylobacter enteritis. PMID- 7259337 TI - Basal and pentagastrin-stimulated levels of calcitonin in thyroid and peripheral veins during normocalcemia and chronic hypercalcemia in humans. AB - The calcitonin secretion from the thyroid C-cells was studied with a peroperative method. The calcitonin concentrations in thyroid venous effluent and peripheral veins were determined in patients who underwent operations because of thyroid and parathyroid disease. In normocalcemia the thyroid vein level of calcitonin was significantly higher than that in peripheral vein. In chronic hypercalcemia no gradient over the thyroid was demonstrable. After injection of pentagastrin into a thyroid artery a very pronounced, but transient, increase in calcitonin concentration was registered. No difference in peak value between normo- and hypercalcemia was demonstrable. The peripheral vein level was unchanged. The peroperative method is very sensitive. A marked peak in thyroid vein corresponds to unchanged values in peripheral vein. The method invites further studies with other secretagogues and receptor-blocking substances. PMID- 7259338 TI - Reoperation for primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Between 1960 and April, 1980, 302 patients were explored for primary hyperparathyroidism at Emory University Hospital. Seventeen of these 302 patients had undergone initial surgical exploration elsewhere, and were referred for persistent hypercalcemia. Of the 285 patients who were operated on at our institution, 14 subsequently had persistent hypercalcemia, and two had recurrent hypercalcemia. Twenty-eight of these 33 patients had had re-exploration, and 23 (82%) are now normocalcemic. Twenty-eight abnormal glands were found; 22 (79%) were retrievable via the neck and six (21%) required sternotomy. Of those glands removed via the neck, nine were in a near normal location and 13 in a subnormal or abnormal location. The causes of initial surgical failures were abnormally located glands, in ten patients, insufficient explorations of the neck in eight patients, hyperfunctioning parathyroid remnants in three patients, inadequate plans for hyperplasia in two patients, and carcinoma in one patient. In 57% of our patients who underwent successful re-exploration, the glands were correctly localized before operation by angiographic examination or selective venous sampling for parathormone. Thorough exploration and obtainment of biopsy specimens of all parathyroid glands are recommended in order to keep initial failures to a minimum. If reoperation is required, localization using CT scan, angiography and selective venous sampling are recommended. PMID- 7259340 TI - Caustic burns and carcinoma of the esophagus. AB - A history of caustic injury was obtained in 12 of 846 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The average age was 52.8 years; the interval from injury to development of carcinoma was 45.8 years. Nine of the 12 carcinomas were in the midthoracic segment. Resection was possible in nine patients, with two surviving over ten years. A survey of reported series with this association confirms the increased resection rate and probability of long survival compared with the usual carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 7259339 TI - Protean manifestations of neonatal hyperinsulinism. AB - Endogenous hyperinsulinism is the leading cause of persistent hypoglycemia in children under one year of age. Classically, the symptoms of neonatal hypoglycemia have been referable to central nervous system dysfunction, with seizures described in nearly all patients. Our experience with eight neonates emphasizes the protean manifestations of this disease. One patient presented with a maternal history of diuretic use, and developed asymptomatic hyperinsulinism documented by provocative testing. The hyperinsulinism cleared after two weeks of medical therapy. This transient hyperinsulinism may have been secondary to use of a thiazide-type diuretic. A second patient presented, as a neonate, with a large abdominal mass but no seizure activity. Exploratory laparotomy revealed an 11 x 5 x 3 cm pancreatic tumor, which required splenectomy, 60% gastrectomy and duodenectomy for removal. Histologic examination demonstrated an insulin secreting hamartoma. A third patient died suddenly without prior symptoms, and was found to have striking nesidioblastosis on pathologic examination. One infant presented with absence of the abdominal musculature (prune belly syndrome) and features of the Beck-with-Wiedeman syndrome, as well as profound hypoglycemia. Only three patients had seizures, and an additional patient had jitteriness. Pathologic diagnoses were: nesidioblastosis (n = 2); islet cell hyperplasia (n = 1); adenoma (n = 1); hamartoma (n = 1); transient hyperinsulinism (n = 1). One patient's pancreas showed areas of nesidioblastosis, islet cell hyperplasia, and a discrete adenoma in the region of the common bile duct. Careful diagnostic testing is essential in these patients, inasmuch as hypoglycemia is poorly tolerated by neonates and infants. Using the diagnostic algorithm presented here, all patients' endogenous hyperinsulinism was documented quickly and efficiently. Recognition of the broad spectrum of symptoms with which these patients may present is essential if serious neurologic sequelae are to be avoided. PMID- 7259341 TI - Gastric bypass for morbid obesity: a medical--surgical assessment. AB - With the operative modifications and dietary guidelines described in this report, death and complications from gastric bypass were minimal, and weight loss was marked. Ninety per cent of a group of 69 patients lost more than half of their excess weight within the first two years after operation. Stringent preselection of patients for operation was crucial to the success of the operation, and marked alterations of eating behavior was necessary to achieve the weight loss. Mild electrolyte deficiencies and hypovitaminosis occurred in up to one-fourth of the patients. While none of these abnormalities was harmful to the patients, and all were easily corrected, their occurrence demonstrates the importance of long-term follow-up after the operation. We conclude that gastric bypass, with a 50-60 cc pouch and a small (1-1.2 cm) gastrojejunostomy, remains the operation of choice for morbid obesity. PMID- 7259342 TI - Experience with the flexible fiberoptic choledochoscope. AB - Despite significant effort on the part of surgeons, the incidence of retained calculi after common duct exploration still remains unacceptably high. It seems likely that the best way to reduce the incidence of retained calculi would be a more complete exploration of the common duct at the time of the initial operation. We report our experience with a flexible fiber optic endoscope used intraoperatively in 52 patients and postoperatively in one case to visualize the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. In addition to visualization of stones, the choledochoscope has a channel through which various instruments can be passed to facilitate stone removal. Flexible choledochoscopy has been performed 53 times in 52 patients between July 1978 and November 1980. In one patient, the choledochoscope was used to explore the bile ducts via the T-tube tract after operation. In 52 patients, the scope was used intraoperatively: a) two patients demonstrated bile duct tumors, b) in 14, stones were not found on exploration. Of these, one had stenosis at the papilla of Vater and one had external compression of the duct by a pancreatic pseudocyst. All of these findings were confirmed by choledochoscopy, c) in 26 patients choledochoscopy confirmed complete surgical removal of all stones, d) in six patients, multiple stones were removed using routine common duct exploration but additional stones were seen with the choledochoscope, e) in three patients no stones were retrieved on routine duct exploration but were seen using the choledochoscope. In groups (d) and (e) the scope facilitated removal of the remaining stones. In eight cases stones were either grasped or crushed using the accessories of the choledochoscope. In one patient calculi were missed both by routine surgical exploration and choledochoscopy. No septic complications were seen in any of these patients. PMID- 7259343 TI - The reliability and clinical limitations of sonographic scanning of the biliary ducts. AB - Sonographic scanning of the biliary ducts has been successfully used as a screening test to distinguish between patients with surgical and medical jaundice, with an accuracy of 90%. However, there is no consensus in the literature on what numerically defines a dilated biliary duct. To clarify this problem a prospective study of 102 consecutive patients was initiated to determine the sonographic size range of bile ducts in patients with and without extrahepatic ductal obstruction. The ultrasonic measurements were compared with direct measurements of the common bile duct, at surgery. The extrahepatic ductal system was visualized sonographically in 62% of the patients, while the intrahepatic ducts were found in 81% of the population. Direct measurements at operation agreed with the ultrasonic measurements in 84% of the patients. Analysis of the size range of the biliary ducts in patients with and without extrahepatic obstruction, by chi square analysis and the Student's t-test, allowed the following guidelines to be established. Extrahepatic bile duct obstruction was present if the extrahepatic bile ducts was 1 cm or wider (p less than 0.001) or if the intrahepatic bile duct was in excess of 0.5 cm (p less than 0.001). Similarly if the extrahepatic bile duct measured less than 0.8 cm sonographically, and the intrahepatic bile duct was 0.4 cm or less than bile duct, obstruction was not present (p less than 0.001). PMID- 7259344 TI - Improved visualization of intrahepatic bile ducts by endoscopic retrograde balloon catheter cholangiography. AB - In seven patients with a patulous sphincter of Oddi, choledochoduodenal fistula, previous sphincterotomy, sphincteroplasty or bilioenteric anastomosis in which standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) with a #5 French catheter failed to visualize intrahepatic ducts sufficiently due to a backflow of contrast into the duodenum, ERC was attempted via a balloon catheter to prevent escape of contrast. The results were compared with those using a #7 French catheter. In contrast to the latter, which gave only insufficient filling of hepatic ducts, the former permitted full visualization in all cases. Consequently, intrahepatic stones were demonstrated in three patients, and bile duct changes consistent with carcinoma in another. The absence of hepatic lesions was confirmed in the remaining three patients. No adverse reactions were experienced. It is concluded that the use of a balloon catheter constitutes an effective aid in ERC for the diagnosis of hepatic lesions in selected cases where conventional ERC fails. PMID- 7259345 TI - Surgical management of spontaneous hepatic duct perforations. AB - Spontaneous rupture of the hepatic ducts is an exceedingly rare and unusually unrecognized cause of peritonitis in adults. In the last four years we have operated on three patients with bile peritonitis from hepatic duct perforation caused by calculus erosion. All were elderly, had a prolonged period of symptoms prior to presentation, and were gravely ill at the time of operation. Each perforation was managed differently: one by fine suture closure, one by insertion of a T-tube in the perforation, and the third by T-tube drainage of the common duct when the perforation was inaccessible to repair. Two of the three patients survived and remain healthy without evidence of bile duct stricture three and three and a half years later, respectively. PMID- 7259346 TI - Hemodynamics of LeVeen shunt pulmonary edema. AB - In order to characterize the circulatory changes which may lead to pulmonary edema following the surgical placement of a LeVeen peritoneovenous shunt, intraoperative hemodynamic studies were performed on five consecutive patients without clinical evidence of cardiac disease undergoing shunt insertion. Within 30 minutes after opening the peritoneovenous shunt, there was a marked increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac output, and stroke work index, and a sharp decline in both pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances. In three patients, pulmonary edema did not occur; in one patient, pulmonary edema occurred transiently but responded to furosemide administration. In these four patients, systemic vascular resistance continued to drop over the ensuing hours and the elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure also decreased appropriately with furosemide. The fifth patient developed persistent pulmonary edema. In this subject, systemic vascular resistance continued to rise and the elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure did not respond to intravenous furosemide. This study suggests that uncomplicated LeVeen peritoneovenous shunt insertion may result in a drop in systemic vascular resistance which lowers left ventricular afterload, and, thus, may protect most patients from pulmonary edema. In contrast, a continued rise in systemic vascular resistance and afterload may contribute to pulmonary edema refractory to diuretic therapy and should probably be treated with a parenteral afterload-reducing agent. PMID- 7259348 TI - Vein contraction and smooth muscle cell extensions as causes of endothelial damage during graft preparation. AB - Meticulous preservation of the endothelial lining of vein grafts harvested during vascular operations is undoubtedly an important factor in determining patency rates following bypass procedures. Destruction of the vein graft's endothelial lining prior to graft implantation results in a more thrombogenic graft which is essentially a collagen-lined tube. This study used light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy to investigate effects of various methods of vein graft preparation on endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the dog cephalic vein. Veins were removed and stored in one of three heparinized solutions at 10 C for either five minutes or one hour: autologous blood, Plasmalyte((R)) or Plasmalyte((R)) with 0.6 mg/ml papaverine HCI added. The vein wall was extremely sensitive to dissection, manipulation, or introduction of fixative solutions and reacted to such stimuli with severe contraction which not only diminished the luminal diameter but also resulted in protrusion of endothelial cells into the lumen and formation of cytoplasmic extensions of medial smooth muscle cells. Such cytoplasmic extensions were particularly frequent in the immediate subendothelial area and appeared to be instrumental in elevating, separating, or desquamating the endothelial cell lining. Veins stored in blood alone demonstrated the greatest vessel wall contraction and endothelial cell loss. Veins soaked in Plasmalyte((R))-papaverine solution had the most relaxed and normal appearance with minimal endothelial cell loss. Papaverine-treated veins which were subjected to brief periods of distension at pressures of 100 mmHg or greater demonstrated large gaps between the endothelial lining cells. The results suggest pretreatment with papaverine greatly reduces vein graft endothelial cell loss due to contraction, although such relaxation may be detrimental if vein grafts are subjected to excessive pressure prior to reversal of relaxation. PMID- 7259347 TI - Clinical and secretory differences in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. AB - The differential diagnosis between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer can be very difficult. In 60 patients with either of these conditions, who had satisfactory ERCP study, clinical features were correctly matched with the final diagnosis by discriminant analysis in 44 (73%). The sensitivity of ERCP radiographic findings in pancreatic cancer was 80% and sensitivity of cytology was 54%. To see if exocrine function was specific for cancer, fresh pancreatic secretions were aspirated in 27 patients at the time of ERCP. By isoelectric focusing, a pattern of extreme zymogen depletion was observed in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (Group 1), pancreatic cancer (Group 2), and chronic nonalcoholic pancreatitis (Group 3). The three groups were not distinguishable. By contrast, significant changes in albumin, IgG and IgA concentrations were seen in Group 2. The albumin level was over ten-fold greater than in Groups 1 and 3 (p less than 0.02 and less than 0.05). The IgG was seven-fold and two-fold greater (p less than 0.01 and greater than 0.2) and the IgA was 15-fold and six-fold greater (p less than 0.002 and less than 0.05) than in Groups 1 and 3, respectively. The two groups of pancreatitis had similar concentrations of albumin and IgA. The ratio of albumin to IgG was also different in Group 2 from the other groups, suggesting different mechanisms for the appearance of proteins in pancreatic secretions. Nonzymogen protein levels can distinguish chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer, and further study of them may identify useful tumor-specific markers. PMID- 7259349 TI - Fatal myocardial infarction following carotid endarterectomy: three hundred thirty-five patients followed 6-11 years after operation. AB - Routine coronary angiography has been recommended to all patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy at the Cleveland Clinic since 1978. Patients found to have severe, correctable coronary artery disease (CAD) have been advised to undergo myocardial revascularization as a staged or combined procedure in conjunction with carotid endarterectomy in an attempt to reduce the incidence of fatal myocardial infarction during the postoperative period, and during the late follow up interval. In order to provide an historic standard with which the results of this approach may eventually be compared, complete follow-up information has been obtained for 95% of 335 consecutive patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy between 1969 and 1973. Fatal myocardial infarction accounted for 60% of early deaths within 30 days of operation and occurred in 1.8% of the entire series. Among the patients who survived operation, the five-year mortality rate was 27%, and the 11-year mortality rate was 48%. Myocardial infarction caused 37% of the deaths that occurred within five years after operation and 38% of the deaths that have occurred within 11 years. Differences in the incidence of fatal myocardial infarction within five years after operation between a group of 116 patients who had no clinical evidence of CAD and a group of 209 patients suspected to have CAD attained statistical significance (p less than 0.1) despite the fact that 67 patients suspected to have CAD eventually underwent myocardial revascularization. Improvement in actuarial survival (p less than 0.05) and reduction in the late mortality rate (p less than 0.01) were statistically significant for the subset of patients with suspected CAD who had aortocoronary bypass graft procedures. PMID- 7259350 TI - Reduction in alternative complement pathway mediated C3 conversion following burn injury. AB - Studies were performed to further investigate an abnormality of the alternative complement pathway associated with burn injury. C3 conversion by inulin and cobra venom factor was measured in serial serum samples from 18 burned patients and in the sera from 25 normal controls. C3 conversion by both activating substances in the patients' sera was significantly decreased during 50 days postburn in comparison to C3 conversion in the normal sera. The most marked reduction in C3 conversion occurred in patients with large full-thickness injuries and infectious complications. However, the abnormality was not more severe in patients with pneumonia and bacteremia in comparison to patients with bacteremia only. It was also not predictive of fatal outcome resulting from infectious complications. Preliminary evidence was presented to suggest that the abnormality is caused by a serum inhibitor, which has an affinity for cellulose and/or is inactivated by it. PMID- 7259352 TI - The ultimate prognosis after valve replacement: an assessment at twenty years. AB - Our experience over a 20-year period consists of 2,135 patients with initial caged-ball valve replacement: 52% aortic, 34% mitral, 12% double, and 2% triple valve replacements, with 59.2, 39.8, 10.3, and 2.7 patient-centuries of follow up, respectively. Fifteen-year actuarial survival (+/- standard error) was 43 +/- 2% for aortic and 44 +/- 3% for mitral valve replacement, and 27 +/- 5% for double-valve and 23 +/- 7% for triple-valve replacement. Restricting attention to patients operated on since 1973 divides the series almost in half and does not dramatically improve the 5-year actuarial survival (from 66 +/- 2% to 71 +/- 3% and from 70 +/- 2% to 78 +/- 3% for aortic valve replacement and mitral valve replacement, respectively). There was some alteration in the causes of late death: the largest percentage of deaths in both the earlier and current groups, 52%, was cardiac related whereas only 24% and 13%, respectively, were valve related. Over the past two decades operative mortality has declined and, to a lesser extent, late survival after mitral valve replacement has improved. The incidence of embolism has decreased significantly, most notably with the Silastic ball valves. Dramatic improvements in late results will occur primarily by modifying the cardiac-related death rate through earlier operation and improvements in the medical management of postoperative arrhythmias and congestive heart failure. PMID- 7259351 TI - Tonsillectomy in Maine: regulation versus education as modulators of medical care. AB - The reduction in the rate of tonsillectomy, using the state of Maine as an example, and the causes thereof are addressed. Are federal and state regulations required to change the behavior of physicians and the public, or is education of greater importance? A study of tonsillectomy in the state of Maine was based on data covering a period of approximately 30 years. The data were based on direct contact with hospitals, in which we achieved the cooperation of virtually all of the hospitals of Maine, encompassing 98% of the hospital beds. These data were placed in context by information provided by the Maine Health Data Service, and by information for the northeastern United States, for the eastern United States, and for the entire United States, from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The operation of tonsillectomy and its variants, including adenoidectomy, has declined remarkably in the past 30 years, most drastically in the past eight years. It now occupies only 4.5% of the total operative admissions for the State, where it formerly was 17%. It now has a populational incidence for the State of 3.3 operations per thousand population per year, whereas it formerly was at a level of about 10.0. From this study, as well as from physicians in Maine, to whom an informal questionnaire was sent, it is clear that this reduction has come about largely because of education of physicians and the public. Increased awareness by the public, pediatricians and general practitioners of the limitations of this operation has been significant. In addition, there is a general sense of improved general health of young people in Maine, with fewer chronic respiratory infections. Some negative opinions were expressed, including the possibility that peritonsillar abcesses may be more frequent in the future and that some pediatricians and general practitioners overuse antibiotics. Federal regulations, state regulations, Medicare, Medicaid, Blue Cross or Blue Shield regulations concerning tonsillectomy were not instituted at any point in the State of Maine, during the period under study. There were no alterations in payment, second opinion programs or other restrictions or constraints placed on the operation at any level of official or hospital regulation. Formerly performed in large numbers by general practitioners, family practitioners, and general surgeons, the operation(s) is now predominantly carried out by trained otolaryngologists, largely board certified. Evidence is presented to support the view that concentration of this operation in the hands of fewer, more highly trained surgical specialists has been positively associated with its sharper indications and declining frequency. The conclusion is offered that increased education of physicians, both specialists and general practitioners as well as family doctors, and of the public as a whole, is the most important single factor in producing this significant alteration in the behavior of the health care system in the State of Maine. Effective limitation of the operation to specialists has been an important feature both of this educational process and of the more rational use of the operation(s). PMID- 7259353 TI - Medium-term follow-up of the Ionescu-Shiley heterograft valve. AB - Utilizing a questionnaire specifically designed to uncover potential thromboembolic episodes, we personally interviewed 97 patients who underwent valve replacement with the Ionescu-Shiley valve between January, 1977, and June, 1980. In both the aortic and mitral positions, the attrition rate after the first year was low; cumulative survival at 3 to 4 years was 78% (aortic) and 61% (mitral). None of the deaths were attributed to primary valve failure. Patients with aortic prostheses, none of whom were anticoagulated, had a cumulative thromboembolism-free rate of 94% at 3 to 4 years. Patients with mitral prostheses had a thromboembolism-free rate of 71% at 3 to 4 years with 80% of the episodes occurring in patients in atrial fibrillation. Most emboli produced only transient symptoms, and only 1 patient has residual impairment. The Ionescu-Shiley valve performs well in the early years after valve replacement. Anticoagulation should be strongly considered for patients with mitral prostheses who are in atrial fibrillation. PMID- 7259354 TI - Mitral valve replacement with the Hancock bioprosthesis: five- to ten-year follow up. PMID- 7259355 TI - Aspiration needle biopsy of thoracic lesions. AB - We reviewed our experience with 2,114 percutaneous aspiration needle biopsies of intrathoracic lesions. Aspiration was performed for cytological diagnosis employing biplane fluoroscopy and a 20 gauge needle, 0.9 mm in outside diameter. A satisfactory specimen was obtained in 88% of biopsies, and the chance of obtaining a correct diagnosis of a malignant lesion was 81.5%. The false positive rate was 2.3%, and the cytologists could always distinguish between primary and secondary neoplasms. A false negative rare of 13.6% (36 patients) resulted in only three delayed thoracotomies and two instances of interval metastases discovered at mediastinoscopy. Cellular specificity in primary tumors was not sufficiently accurate to affect therapy. Pneumothoraces occurred frequently (31.9% of patients) but wee generally small; 10.4% of patients required chest drainage. There were no recorded instances of tumor implantation in needle tracts. We conclude that a rapid and accurate diagnosis of intrathoracic pathology can be obtained by this technique. It is associated with an acceptable morbidity and may greatly expedite both patient care and investigation. PMID- 7259356 TI - Ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants. AB - In the operating room, 66 preterm infants weighing between 710 and 2,700 gm (23 less than 1,000 gm) underwent ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Respiratory distress syndrome was present in 53 patients; the rest had apnea bradycardia syndrome. PDA ligation was indicated for intractable congestive heart failure in 52 patients or progressive respiratory failure in 14. There were no intraoperative deaths. Fifteen infants died 1 to 120 days postoperatively. Seven deaths resulted from intracranial bleeding, 3 from diffuse coagulopathy, and 1 from respiratory failure. The condition of patients with heart failure improved postoperatively, with the mean left atrium to aorta ratio reduced from 1.56 to 1.02 (p = 0.05). Respiratory function improved in 25 patients extubated by the third postoperative day. Late follow-up (one to five years) of the 51 survivors showed 1 late death. Seventeen survivors had roentgenographic evidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia required longer postoperative ventilation (mean, 21.5 days compared with 4.75 days). Twenty-four infants were normal. Ligation of PDA in preterm infants has low intraoperative risk and improves the condition of those with heart and respiratory failure. Late follow-up showed good recovery of nearly two-thirds of the patients. PMID- 7259357 TI - Complications of intrathoracic Nissen fundoplication. AB - This report details our experience with 30 patients who had Nissen fundoplication. Six underwent transabdominal Nissen fundoplication, and 10 had transthoracic Collis-Nissen with the gastric wrap in a subdiaphragmatic position. Ten patients had a transthoracic Nissen with the wrap in a supradiaphragmatic position. Four patients had a transthoracic Thal-Nissen procedure. In 1 of 4 patients with a Thal-Nissen procedure, intrathoracic rupture of the stomach with gastro-bronchial fistula developed and necessitated left lower lobectomy. Four of 10 patient in whom the gastric wrap was left in the chest experienced severe complications: in 1 patient a lesser curvature ulcer developed and required hemigastrectomy; 1 patient had herniation of the fundoplication with gastric outlet obstruction and required operation for its correction; 2 patients had intrathoracic rupture of the gastric wrap and ultimately died. The 6 patients with transabdominal Nissen and the 10 with transthoracic Collis-Nissen with wrap placed in the abdomen did well This experience severely condemns the practice of leaving the fundoplication above the diaphragm. PMID- 7259358 TI - Clinical experience with permanent atrioventricular sequential pacing. AB - In a 23-moth period, we implanted 26 permanent atrioventricular (AV) sequential pacing units in 11 women and 15 men ranging from 37 to 85 years old (mean, 68 years). Indications for pacing were complete heart block n 12 patients and sick sinus syndrome in 14 patients. Cardiac index, using standard thermodilution techniques, was determined in 9 patients during ventricular pacing and AV sequential pacing at constant heart rate. Atrioventricular sequential pacing was superior in all patients, with a mean increase in cardiac index of 22% (p greater than 0.01). Complications of AV sequential pacing included the need to revise two pulse generator pockets due to the large size of the pulse generator. One transvenous atrial lead displacement occurred in a patient who had previously undergone right atrial appendage ligation at open-heart operation. No failures of pacing or sensing occurred during 279 patient-paced months. The theoretical hemodynamic advantage of AV sequential pacing has been confirmed in this clinical trial. Experience with electrode placement and improvements in pulse generator design should aid in eliminating complications with this pacing modality. PMID- 7259359 TI - Continuous hydralazine infusion for afterload reduction. AB - Impedance reduction with a continuous infusion of hydralazine was evaluated in 20 patients following cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients were selected for therapy when the cardiac index (CI) was less than 2.2 L/m2/min, when the systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) was greater than 2,500 dyne sec cm-5, or when both conditions were present. No other vasoactive or cardiotonic drugs were used intraoperatively or postoperatively. Responses were measured at 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes and compared with control measurements. Significant responses appeared by 15 minutes in the mean arterial pressure, CI, and SVRI, which were maximal by 2 hours. At 4 hours, the SVRI was 1,520 +/- 276 dyne sec cm 5 (control, 3,235 +/- 222) and pulmonary vascular resistance index, 365 +/- 102 dyne sec cm-5 (control, 592 +/- 71). The CI was 3.20 +/- 0.29 L/m2/min (control, 1.96 +/- 0.16) and mean arterial pressure, 75 +/- 2.3 mm Hg (control, 92 +/- 2.4). Left atrial, pulmonary artery diastolic, and right atrial pressures increased from control but not significantly: 11.4 +/- 0.8 to 13.3 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, 13.6 +/- 1.6 to 17.2 +/- 1.5 mm Hg, and 6 +/- 1.6 to 9.4 +/- 1.7 mm Hg, respectively. In 16 patients, hydralazine was continued for 24 hours and in 11, the transition to oral therapy was made. Hydralazine by infusion effectively reduces after load, avoids the fluctuations of bolus therapy, and allows the transition to oral therapy if needed. PMID- 7259360 TI - Angiofollicular lymphoid hyperplasis (Castleman's tumor) resembling a pericardial cyst: differentiation by computerized tomography. PMID- 7259361 TI - Cardiac Valve Replacement. PMID- 7259362 TI - Biopsy of the lung. PMID- 7259363 TI - Cardiovascular effects of dihydralazine diazoxide and minoxidil alone or associated with propranolol in renal hypertensive rats. AB - Cardiovascular effects after intravenous administration of dihydralazine (0.5 mg/kg), diazoxide (10 mg/kg) and minoxidil (1 mg/kg) were studied in normotensive (NT) and renal hypertensive rats (HT) pretreated or not for seven consecutive day with propranolol (5 mg/kg per os). The hypotension induced by the three vasodilators in NT and HT rats was caused by decreased peripheral resistance and, in the case of minoxidil in HT rats by decreased cardiac output as well. Propranolol pretreatment of HT rats decreases the hypotensive effect induced by the three vasodilators. In the cases of dihydralazine and diazoxide, this effect is due to a lesser decrease of peripheral resistance; with minoxidil, it results from the absence of decreased cardiac output. Pretreatment of hypertensive rats with propranolol (5 mg/kg per os) for one week had no effect on blood pressure, but decreased heart rate and cardiac output and increased peripheral vascular resistance. Despite these cardiovascular modifications, the reactiveness to intravenous isoprenaline (1 to 4 microgram/kg) was the same in control and propranolol pretreated animals. PMID- 7259364 TI - Influence of propranolol and acebutolol on isoprenaline-induced changes in heart rate and peripheral blood flow in man. AB - The authors studied the variations in the effects of isoprenaline hydrochloride on heart rate (beta 1) and on peripheral blood flow of the upper extremity (beta 2), determined by plethysmography, in a group of 5 men with a mean age of 31 +/- 3 years. The trial was conducted on a single-blind cross-over basis, each subject being infused over 30 min with propranolol (30 microgram/kg), acebutolol (150 microgram/kg) or a placebo (isotonic glucose solution) with at least an 8-day interval between each administration. At the end of the infusion they received isoprenaline (0.01 to 0.075 microgram/kg, in logarithmic progression) every 15 min, for 1 hour. The doses of isoprenaline were injected randomly using a latin square design. The peripheral flow, assessed by the curve of the initial part of the plethysmogram for the first 10 sec, increased with the dose of isoprenaline in the placebo series (Tg alpha = 219.9 log d + 583.4; p less than .01), did not increase in the propranolol series and increased with the dose in the acebutolol series (Tg alpha = 221.5 log d + 567.7; p less than .01); the variations in flow with isoprenaline after placebo and after acebutolol, did not differ significantly. The hear rate increased with the dose of isoprenaline in the placebo series (+55%) although tachycardia was inhibited by propranolol and acebutolol. Under the experimental conditions of this trial, propranolol inhibited beta 1 and beta 2 receptors at the same time, whereas acebutolol inhibited only beta 1 receptors. PMID- 7259365 TI - Effect of histamine on pancreatic exocrine secretion in the dog. AB - The effect of histamine on the secretion of pancreatic juice was investigated in preparations of isolated, blood-perfused dog pancreas. Histamine (3-30 microgram) injected intra-arterially caused dose-dependent increases in the secretion of pancreatic juice after a delay of a few minutes. 4-Methylhistamine (10-100 microgram), a selective histamine H2-receptor agonist, caused changes of the pancreatic secretion similar to those of histamine. Metiamide (100 microgram), a selective H2-receptor antagonist, blocked the increases of the pancreatic secretion in responses to both histamine or 4-methylhistamine. In contrast, diphenhydramine even at large doses (1 mg), a selective H1-receptor antagonist, did not effect histamine, or 4-methylhistamine-induced secretion. Histamine increased both bicarbonate and protein concentration in the juice. This action was different from that of secretion or pancreozymin. These results suggest that histamine increases pancreatic secretion acting directly on pancreatic cells through H2-receptors. PMID- 7259366 TI - Cardiac glycosides and their metabolites levels in plasma and heart of guinea pigs after I. V. administration. AB - One hr, 3 hr and 6 hr after i.v. injection of tritiated gitoxin, digoxin and digitoxin to the guinea-pig, the chloroform-insoluble metabolites, mainly conjugates known to be cardio-inactive, represent two thirds of the cardiac glycoside and metabolites content of plasma for gitoxin, half for digitoxin and one quarter for digoxin. Most of the compounds taken up by the myocardium are chloroform-soluble and may be considered as cardio-active. Considering the nature and proportions of the unchanged cardiac glycoside and its cardio-active metabolites in the myocardium of the guinea-pig, the cardiac effects that would be measured after administration of digoxin ar due to unchanged digoxin only; after administration of digitoxin, these effects are partly due to unchanged digitoxin but also to 12 beta-hydroxylated metabolites; after administration of gitoxin, besides unchanged gitoxin, the hydrolysis products of the sugar chain of gitoxin may contribute to the cardiac effects. The data obtained in plasma and in myocardium between 1 and 6 hr after administration of digoxin or gitoxin show that the distribution of the unchanged cardiac glycoside and each chloroform soluble metabolite, from plasma to myocardium, is achieved 1 hr after administration. This situation does not occur with digitoxin and its metabolites. PMID- 7259368 TI - Paraquat toxicity and lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7259367 TI - Modifications of the dopaminergic receptors sensitivity and learning of normoxic or hypobaric hypoxic rats. AB - In the present work we attempted to show whether a modification of the sensitivity of the dopaminergic receptors could act on the learning process in hypobaric hypoxia. Acute treatment with 1 mg/kg-1/day-1 pimozide increases the hypoxia-induced deleterious effect on a conditioned avoidance test whilst chronic administration of pimozide improves behavioral performances in hypoxic rats. Chronic treatment with apomorphine does not modify the learning both in normoxic and hypoxic rats in comparison with control rats, while acute treatment induces an anti-hypoxic protection and a fall in total responses (avoidance + escape). A pimozide-induced hypersensitivity (by chronic treatment) or a direct apomorphine induced stimulation (by acute treatment) of post-synaptic dopaminergic receptors oppose the deleterious effects of hypobaric hypoxia. PMID- 7259369 TI - The resurgence of malaria. Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. PMID- 7259370 TI - Lipoproteins, cardiovascular disease, and death. The Framingham study. AB - Based on six years of follow-up evaluations of the Framingham, Mass, men and women aged 49 to 82 years, it was found that a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration was associated with a low incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk but with a statistically significant excess of stroke incidence in women and of deaths from non-CHD causes in both sexes. There was no suggestion that an elevated HDL cholesterol level was associated with an excess incidence of any of the cardiovascular end points considered or of death. An inverse relation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level with CHD and its major consequences, CHD death and congestive heart failure, was observed. Triglyceride determinations seem to add little information respecting cardiovascular risk to that elicited from HDL and LDL cholesterol and other known cardiovascular risk factors. While the relation of HDL and LDL cholesterol with CHD is paralleled by findings from a variety of sources, the inverse relation of LDL cholesterol with stroke in women and with death from non-CHD causes requires additional confirmation and exploration. PMID- 7259371 TI - Plasma cholesterol. Can it be too low? PMID- 7259372 TI - Differential changes in plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in obese men and women during weight reduction. AB - Levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and other lipoproteins of 73 obese men and women were measured before and after a 16-week weight reduction program. There were significant differences between men and women. In men, a 10.7-kg weight loss was associated with a 5% increase in the HDL cholesterol level, a 15.8% decrease in the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) level, and a 30.1% increase in the HDL-LDL ratio. Women, in contrast, showed an 8.9-kg weight loss, a 3.3% decrease in the HDL-cholesterol level, a 4.7% decrease in the LDL-cholesterol level, and no significant change in the HDL-LDL ratio. These differences suggest that weight raeduction may be an important means of improving plasma lipoprotein patterns in men but may be of more limited value in women. PMID- 7259374 TI - Decreasing M spike with increasing tumor burden in multiple myeloma. PMID- 7259373 TI - Accelerated fibrinogen and platelet destruction after peritoneovenous shunting. AB - Peritoneovenous shunting with the LeVeen valve is generally recognized as an effective procedure for the treatment of intractable ascites and renal failure associated with severe liver disease. We recently observed a generalized hemorrhagic diathesis in patients receiving these valves. To investigate the mechanism of this hemorrhagic complication, we prospectively performed kinetic studies with 51Cr-labelled platelets and 125I-labelled fibrinogen in ten patients. When results of studies before and after valve insertion were compared, the following reductions were noted: fibrinogen concentration, 55%; the fibrinogen survival, 49%; the platelet count, 55% and the platelet survival, 35%. No endotoxin was detectable in ascitic fluid preoperatively, and there was no apparent relationship between ascitic fluid cell counts and changes in fibrinogen and platelet survival. Until the component or components of ascitic fluid responsible for accelerated consumption can be identified and steps are taken to modify the rates of platelet and fibrinogen consumption, it would seem prudent to select patients for surgery conservatively. PMID- 7259375 TI - Survivors of prehospitalization sudden death. Characteristic clinical and angiographic features. AB - Cardiac catheterization and angiography were performed in 57 survivors of prehospitalization sudden cardiac death (PSD). Fifty-two had coronary artery disease. In most, the disease was severe, with almost universal involvement of the anterior descending artery. Associated left ventricular dysfunction was common. Although the majority of survivors had severe coronary artery disease, only 16 had an acute myocardial infarction associated with the PSD event and the extent of their coronary artery disease generally was less severe than those who died suddenly of an arrhythmia and no myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular symptoms of long duration prior to sudden death were not uncommon, although sudden death was the initial cardiac symptom in some. Others had crescendo angina as the initial symptom, and a few had a clinical history compatible with Prinzmetal's angina. Although severe coronary artery disease was the most common underlying abnormality, PSD may be an expression of multiple causes. PMID- 7259376 TI - Acceleration of lipid peroxidation in human paraquat poisoning. AB - A 20-year-old man ingested approximately 15 to 20 mL of a 24% solution of paraquat. Acute renal and liver failure developed. The patient began undergoing hemodialysis and receiving vitamin E, but he died of pulmonary fibrosis the 27th day after the ingestion. During a two-week period of observation, evidence of lipid peroxidation in his serum was noted by determining malondialdehyde levels. Guinea pigs exposed to paraquat showed similar patterns of malondialdehyde presence in plasma. These results indicate that increased serum or plasma levels of lipid peroxide occurring in paraquat poisoning might reflect production of highly reactive oxygen free radicals and that, possibly, levels of lipid peroxides could serve as indicators of the efficacy of therapy directed toward scavenging free radicals. PMID- 7259378 TI - Correlation between steroid myopathy and serum lactic dehydrogenase in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Examination of 27 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) before treatment showed an elevation of the serum level of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in 15 patients. In these patients, the LDH level fell to normal in response to corticosteroid therapy. In six of 27 patients, steroid myopathy with elevation of the LDH level developed during corticosteroid therapy. At the same time, there was no or only a slight increase in the creatine phosphokinase level, while the SGOT and aldolase levels remained normal. The elevated LDH levels gradually returned to normal as the corticosteroid dosages were reduced and the myopathic symptoms disappeared. We suggest that the measurement of LDH levels is useful for diagnosis and the subsequent treatment of patients with steroid myopathy in SLE. PMID- 7259377 TI - Peritoneal fluid eosinophilia in patients undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis. AB - In ten patients undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis, large numbers of eosinophils were found in the peritoneal fluid. A few of the affected patients complained of episodic abdominal pains, but there was no correlation between abdominal symptoms and the number of peritoneal fluid eosinophils. Microorganisms failed to grow on cultures of the peritoneal fluids, and results of tests for endotoxin were negative. The cause of eosinophilia could not be determined. Peritoneal fluid eosinophil counts were noted to be elevated soon after catheter insertion and initiation of peritoneal dialysis. In some patients, peritoneal fluid eosinophil counts spontaneously returned to normal despite continued peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7259379 TI - Arterial embolism in thyrotoxicosis with atrial fibrillation. AB - The incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in 142 patients with thryotoxicosis was 21% and that of thromboembolic disease was 8.5%. Male sex, increasing age, and associated rheumatic or hypertensive heart disease were significantly associated with the presence of AF. Thromboembolic episodes occurred in 12 (40%) of the patients with AF and in none of the 112 patients without AF. Cerebral emboli accounted for 53% of the episodes. In view of the grave prognosis of the embolic episodes, patients with thyrotoxicosis should be treated with heparin during attacks of AF and with oral anticoagulants when they have chronic fibrillation. PMID- 7259381 TI - Absence of clinical pulmonary edema despite elevated wedge pressures. AB - Pulmonary hemodynamic data were collected for 116 patients with a resting mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure of 25 mm Hg or greater who underwent exercise during cardiac catheterization without showing acute pulmonary edema. While the mechanism for the absence of evidence of pulmonary edema with pulmonary artery wedge pressure in excess of plasma oncotic pressure is unclear, presumably, it relates to compensatory changes in the structure and function of the pulmonary capillaries, alveolar wall, and lymphatic drainage capacity. PMID- 7259380 TI - Anemic inpatients. Correlates of house officer performance. AB - To determine the correlates of the adequacy of the diagnostic evaluation of anemia, we conducted a prospective study on the medical services of a university affiliated hospital. With the use of explicit criteria mapping techniques, the conditions of 204 (79%) anemic inpatients were adequately evaluated. By multiple regression analysis, the adequacy of evaluation showed significant correlations with the identity of the responsible house officer, the severity of the anemia, the patient's sex, and the service in which the patient received care. The performances of individual house officers were not significantly correlated with their subjective rankings by either their supervising residents or their attending faculty; however, a composite subjective ranking derived from the average of these two subjective rankings did correlate with objective performance in the anemia audit. We conclude that both patient and physician characteristics influence the adequacy of anemia evaluations and that objective audits may be a useful adjunct to the usual subjective methods for evaluating house officers' performances. PMID- 7259382 TI - Fat absorption and malabsorption. PMID- 7259383 TI - New cardiac murmur after acute inferior myocardial infarction. PMID- 7259384 TI - Acute miliary blastomycosis after 'short-course' corticosteroid treatment. AB - A previously healthy patient who had received oral prednisone, 30 mg/day for 12 days, was initially seen with acute respiratory failure caused by miliary blastomycosis. This case was even more unusual because the pulmonary involvement was preceded by monoarticular arthralgias immediately before the corticosteroid therapy. The time course of these events--arthralgias, short-course prednisone therapy, and acute miliary blastomycosis--strongly suggests a relationship other than just coincidental. Treatment consisted of intravenous amphotericin B and discontinuation of therapy with the corticosteroids, and our patient is satisfactorily recovering. PMID- 7259385 TI - Jodbasedow and thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. AB - A 37-year-old white man with a multinodular goiter had thyrotoxicosis develop after iodine administration (Jodbasedow). His hyperthyroid state was accompanied by thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, a complication of hyperthyroidism that is usually seen in Orientals. The patient manifested typical features of each disorder. As classically described, these two thyroid-related disorders should rarely coexist because of epidemiologic considerations; however, the population at risk may be greater than has generally been appreciated. PMID- 7259386 TI - Invasive aspergillosis complicating Cushing's syndrome. AB - Patients with Cushing's syndrome are susceptible to opportunistic infections. Invasive fungal infections in patients with Cushing's syndrome caused by endogenous glucocorticoid excess rarely are reported, and aspergillosis occurring in this setting, to our knowledge, has not been described. Two patients with Cushing's syndrome and notably elevated levels of circulating cortisol had invasive aspergillosis develop. A patient with endogenous hypercortisolism caused by adrenal cortical carcinoma suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage from rupture of an Aspergillus mycotic aneurysm. The other patient, who had an adrenocorticotrophic hormone-producing prostatic carcinoma, had pulmonary and disseminated aspergillosis develop. Exogenous corticosteroids are known clinically and experimentally to facilitate disseminated aspergillosis. Endogenous hypercortisolism also may bae an important factor predisposing to invasive aspergillosis. PMID- 7259387 TI - Pulmonary actinomycosis. Rapid improvement with isoniazid and rifampin. PMID- 7259388 TI - Abdominal hemorrhage after perforation of a diaphragmatic artery during thoracentesis. PMID- 7259389 TI - Methyldopa reaction simulating septic shock. PMID- 7259390 TI - Bone 'flare,' hypercalcemia, and jaundice after tamoxifen therapy. PMID- 7259391 TI - Simultaneous rubeola and chickenpox in an adult. PMID- 7259392 TI - Pericarditis as a complication of thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7259393 TI - Effect of sensorimotor cortical ablation on the placing reaction in the standing cat. AB - The placing reaction in the standing cat permits the analysis of a movement, the placing movement, together with its postural support. It is provoked by one of two moving plates coming into contact with one forelimb. Each limb rests on a platform equipped with strain gauges which permit changes in force exerted by each limb to be recorded. The placing reaction is characterized by two phases, an early isometric phase lasting until the lift-off of the stimulated limb occurs. It is then that a diagonal postural support on one forelimb and the opposite hindlimb takes place so that the placing movement can take place. Performance of this movement corresponds to the second phase. Four cats underwent an unilateral lesion in sensorimotor cortex. Two animals had a large lesion extending to the pre- and post-cruciate regions and from the midline to the coronal sulcus, including a large part within the depth of that sulcus. Two other cats had a restricted lesion covering mainly the forelimb part of area 4. After extensive cortical lesions, permanent changes in the contralateral placing reaction were observed. The isometric phase increased in duration, without marked changes of the pattern of postural support whereas the movement was prolonged and usually hypermetric. On the contrary, ipsilateral placing with its associated postural support was unmodified. After restricted cortical lesions, only temporary changes were observed. Recuperation was complete within 30 postoperative days. It was concluded that motor cortex on one side controls, as a whole, the contralateral placing movement and its associated postural adjustment, whereas it does not significantly modify the ipsilateral placing and its associated postural responses notwithstanding the use of the contralateral limbs in this adjustment. PMID- 7259394 TI - Effects of locus coeruleus lesions on heart rate during sleep in the cat. AB - Bilateral electrocoagulation of the locus coeruleus (LC) were performed in 8 cats, in order to study the effects on the heart rate modulation during sleep. In 4 cats the lesions were restricted to the posterior part of LC: they induced a permanent tachycardia in all states, and a reduction of the phasic changes during paradoxical sleep (PS), while the state-linked modulations remained similar to those of controls. In another group of 4 cats, lesions extended rostrally to the anterior LC. They induced a bradycardia evidenced mostly during PS. Phasic changes persisted though the tachycardic component was greatly reduced. The state linked modulations were opposite to those of controls: increase during transition from slow waves sleep (SWS) to PS and decrease during PS. No recovery trend was observed within the 3 weeks post-lesion experimental period. These data are discussed in relation to the well-known parasympathetic and sympathetic regulations of the heart rate, with special attention to the changes observed during transition from slow waves sleep (SWS) to PS and during the first minute of PS. This period corresponds to a shift in the balance of tonic and phasic influences. PMID- 7259395 TI - A horseradish peroxidase study of afferent projections to nucleus reticularis thalami in the cat. AB - Afferent projections from both the reticular formation and the thalamic relay nuclei to nucleus reticularis thalami (R) were studied using the HRP technique. Injections were performed in different regions of the nucleus. Numerous labelled cells were found ipsilaterally in i) the lateral geniculate nucleus (GL) following HRP injections in dorsolateral regions of R and in ii) the ventrobasal complex (VB) following HRP injections in the ventral regions. No labelling of brain stem reticular structures was ever found. These results provide evidence for a direct projections from the VB and GL nuclei to R. The functional meaning of these data is discussed in relation with previous anatomical and neurophysiological findings. The hypothesis of a significant role of R in feedback circuits modulating sensory information seems to be supported. PMID- 7259396 TI - Two bidirectional nerve cord systems converging with electrical and chemical synapses on the Retzius cells of the leech Hirudo Medicinalis. AB - Electrical stimulation of the ventral cord of H. medicinalis elicits in both Retzius' cells of each segmental ganglion an EPSP which is composed by an early and a late component. The early EPSP is electrical in nature, since it is unaffected by displacements of the membrane potential and by high Mg2+, whereas the late one is chemical, being reversed in sign by membrane depolarization and suppressed by high Mg2+. Latency measurements show that the electrical and chemical EPSP components are mediated by two different pathways characterized by conduction velocities of 0.5 and 0.3 m/sec respectively. Both pathways run in each of the lateral connectives and propagate impulses in anterior and posterior direction. Collision experiments show that ascending and descending impulses along the pathway mediating the electrical EPSP travel along the same fibres. Separate stimulation of the lateral connectives and selective inactivation of one Retzius' cell show that both pathways converge onto each Retzius' cell show that both pathways converge onto each Retzius cell. The possible functional significance of the two excitatory pathways is discussed. PMID- 7259397 TI - Bulbar respiratory neurons during artificial lung distension or collapse in spontaneously breathing rabbits. AB - Lung volume was altered setting the mean air pressure within a closed spirometer system to +5, +10, -5 or -10 cm H2O. In many respiratory modulated neurons (RMN) the duration of discharge changed in the same direction as the duration of the corresponding half cycle, but changes of duration of neuronal discharge were often larger. This was the case in many EI neurons for the duration of discharge during expiration, in many I units at high lung volume for the duration during inspiration and in many IE and E cells at low lung volume for the duration of discharge during expiration. The responses to inflation or collapse, however, differed in magnitude. At all lung volumes in part of the IE and E neurons and at low lung volume in part of the I units the duration of discharge during inspiration changed in opposite direction as the duration of inspiration. Neuronal desactivation at high lung volume or activation at low volume was termed alpha-type response; it occurred in many I neurons at high lung volume and for the inspiratory part of discharge of many EI units. Neuronal activation at high lung volume or desactivation at low volume was denoted as beta-type response; it was observed in many I neurons at low lung volume and in E, EI and IE cells for the expiratory part of discharge. In a large majority of all phase types of RMN, incidence of maximum spike density within the burst discharge was delayed in time when the corresponding half cycle was prolonged and vice versa; the shift of time incidence often exceeded the change of duration of inspiration or expiration. PMID- 7259398 TI - Treatment of stress ulcer with neurotensin. An experimental study. PMID- 7259400 TI - [Assessment of continence after treatment for anorectal malformations. I. Manometric study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259399 TI - [Effect of gastrosplenic caval shunt on glucose tolerance in drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259401 TI - [Assessment of continence after treatment for anorectal malformations. II Radiologic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259403 TI - Acute stress ulcer after cardiac surgery. PMID- 7259402 TI - Late results of aortic and/or mitral valve replacement--factors influencing long term functional status. PMID- 7259404 TI - Clinical assessment of ultrasonography in diagnosis of abdominal tumors. PMID- 7259406 TI - [Advances in the diagnosis and treatment for traumatized spleen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259407 TI - Post-fusion incompatibility in Physarum polycephalum. The involvement of DNA. AB - The lethal reaction following fusion of plasmodia of a sensitive and a killer strain of Physarum polycephalum could be prevented by the incorporation of 5 bromo-2'-deoxyuridine in both strains. This result suggests the involvement of transcription in the lethal reaction. Although under appropriate conditions fusion of the strains is not followed by a lethal reaction the fused plasmodium will behave as the killer strain after subculturing. At different times after fusion, DNA was isolated from a plasmodium in which visible lethal reaction was prevented and separated on CsCl gradients. Killer DNA remained intact but sensitive DNA was broken down, mainly from 8--11 h after fusion. PMID- 7259405 TI - [Gastric ulceration after selective proximal vagotomy with or without pyloroplasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259408 TI - [Pathogenetic aspects of "clubbing fingers"]. PMID- 7259409 TI - [Epidemiology of tuberculosis in the Argentine Republic]. PMID- 7259410 TI - [Cytology of a pulmonary hamartoma in transthoracic needle biopsy]. PMID- 7259411 TI - [Importance of the study of pulmonary circulation with right heart microcatheterization in the evaluation of incapacitating respiratory damage]. PMID- 7259412 TI - [Phenomena of re-acutization in respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 7259413 TI - [The faith that heals, hypnosis and the "up-gaze and roll" test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259414 TI - [Effect of nomifensine on the oxidative metabolism of rat brain "in vitro" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259415 TI - [Treatment of schizophrenic patients with clomacran. A transcultural study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259416 TI - [Routine therapy, research therapy, and experimental therapy. Necessary division of work between pediatricians and specialized centres]. PMID- 7259417 TI - [Optic glioma in children. A retrospective study of 57 cases treated by irradiation (author's transl)]. AB - 57 children presenting with optic glioma, 30 of which with neurofibromatosis, were treated from 1956 to 1978 at the Institute Gustave-Roussy. In 3, the tumor was confined to a single optic nerve; 18 had a chiasm-infiltrating tumor and 36 a large tumor invading adjacent structures. At the time of diagnosis, all but 2 had visual deficit, 5 had endocrine dysfunction and 27 had symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. X-ray examinations showed an enlargement of the sella turcica in 28 out of 37 patients and enlarged optic canals in 39 out of 41 investigated cases. 25 patients were operated on (most often exploratory operation only) and all received a 50 to 60 grays irradiation. 42 patients are alive but 20 are blind and 26 present with important mental retardation. PMID- 7259418 TI - [The use of the CT-scan in the staging of neuroblastoma in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty seven children with neuroblastoma were investigated by CT-scan. Twenty three of them underwent surgery allowing anatomical correlation. CT-scan was of little diagnostic help but proved very helpful in assessing the extent of the tumor: CT-scan and surgery were in agreement in 73% of the operated cases. CT is therefore an accurate means of predicting the operability of neuroblastoma. PMID- 7259419 TI - [Results of treatment of 178 pediatric non Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas between 1973 and 1978 (author's transl)]. AB - 178 children presenting with non Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) were treated using the same protocol from 1973 to 1978 at the Institut Gustave-Roussy. They were classified according to stages (13 stage I, 21 stage II, 80 stage III, 50 stage IV, 6 undetermined stage), according to initial site of involvement (abdomen: 68, mediastineum 55, ORL: 32, lymph glands: 13, "others": 10) and according to histology. They were given combination chemotherapy (Vincristinee-adriamycin cyclophosphamide-prednisone), preventive CNS therapy by cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate (except in stage I patients) and maintenance therapy by cyclic multiple agents regimens including vincristin-adriamycin, vincristin cyclophosphamide and cytarabine-asparaginase. Radiation therapy was carried out up to 1977 in stage I and II patients only. Combination chemotherapy improved global survival of pediatric NHL (40% at 4 years, all staged added); however improvements remain to be done in patients with widespread disease. PMID- 7259420 TI - [Varicella and herpes zoster in 83 children treated for malignancies (author's transl)]. AB - 57 children treated for malignant diseases presented with varicella and 26 with herpes zoster. Evolution of varicella was benign in 33 children but was complicated in 24, resulting in the death of 6 children. No child died of herpes zoster. The severity of skin and lung symptoms was of no prognostic value but digestive symptoms were associated with severe forms of the disease. Immuno stimulation was of no use. Vidarabine did not improve the death rate; acycloguanosine is currently under study. PMID- 7259421 TI - [Choriocarcinoma in mother and child (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a 2 month-old child with metastatic choriocarcinoma is reported. Death occurred rapidly and necropsy failed to find a primary tumor; the choriocarcinoma was therefore thought to be developed in the placenta. A year later, a uterine exploration was performed in the mother. In spite of normal chorionic gonadotrophin levels the histological findings were compatible with choriocarcinoma. PMID- 7259423 TI - Affective disorder and alcoholism in families of agoraphobics. AB - We examined the family histories of 68 agoraphobic patients, 35 subjects with miscellaneous-specific phobias, and ten subjects with social phobias. Of the 68 agoraphobic subjects, 26 had a positive family history of affective disorder based on our criteria. Five of the subjects with miscellaneous-specific phobias and none of the social phobic subjects had positive family histories of affective disorder. The difference between these categories is statistically significant. Family history of alcoholism was found to occur significantly more frequently in the agoraphobic vs the miscellaneous-specific phobic group, but not when compared with the social phobic group. A subpopulation in each phobic category was examined for past or present personal depressive illness, but no statistical difference was found. The increased incidence of affective disorder in first degree relatives distinguishes agoraphobia from other phobic disorders. PMID- 7259422 TI - Inheritance of alcohol abuse. Cross-fostering analysis of adopted men. AB - The inheritance of alcoholism was studied in 862 Swedish men adopted by nonrelatives at an early age. Both the congenital and postnatal backgrounds of the adoptees modify their risk for alcohol abuse. We distinguish two forms of alcoholism that have distinct genetic and environmental causes and differ in their association with criminality, severity of alcohol abuse, and the frequency of expression in biological mothers. Postnatal milieu determines the frequency and severity of expression of the common type of susceptibility in both men and women. In contrast, the less common type is highly heritable in men but is seldom expressed in mothers of affected men. PMID- 7259424 TI - Treatment for drug abuse. Follow-up outcomes and length of time spent. AB - A sample of 1,496 persons admitted to 26 community treatment agencies participating in the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) during 1972 and 1973 were located and interviewed in 1978 and 1979. Favorableness of one-year posttreatment outcomes with respect to illicit drug use, criminality, and employment and other productive activities was found to increase linearly with the length of time patients stayed in methadone maintenance, a therapeutic community, or outpatient drug-free treatment. In addition, follow-up outcome for persons who spent less than three months in treatment was least favorable, and was not significantly different from that of persons in outpatient detoxification programs or who were admitted but not treated (intake-only). Persons who completed treatment generally stayed in treatment longer, as expected; they also had a more favorable outcome after DARP treatment than did others. PMID- 7259426 TI - Sexuality in middle and late life. The effects of age, cohort, and gender. AB - Previous studies of sexual behavior in middle and late life suggest a decline in sexual activity during the last half of adulthood. Longitudinal data on the sexual activity of 278 married men and women, initially aged 46 to 71 years, were collected. These data suggest that levels of sexual activity remain more stable over time than previously suggested. It is crucial to distinguish between aggregate trends and intraindividual change. Although stable levels of sexual activity are typical, aggregate statistics can blur distinct patterns of change exhibited by individuals. Special attention is paid to the relative influences of age, cohort, and gender on sexual activity during middle and late life. PMID- 7259425 TI - Childhood sexual identity, childhood religiosity, and "homophobia" as influences in the development of transsexualism, homosexuality, and heterosexuality. AB - We have studied the interaction between boyhood cross-gender behavior, "homophobia," and religiosity in men raised as Catholics who, during adulthood, considered themselves transsexual, homosexual, or heterosexual. The sample consisted of 43 transsexual, 78 homosexual, and 43 heterosexual subjects matched for age, race, educational level, and economic status. The transsexual men recalled the most "feminine" behavior during boyhood, followed by the homosexual men. The heterosexual group was most "homophobic," followed by the transsexuals. "Homophobia" positively correlated with religiosity among adult transsexuals and heterosexuals. Transsexuals, recalling childhood, perceived their parents as being more religious than did the homosexuals. At intermediate levels of "femininity," greater "homophobia" scores were associated with more transsexual characteristics. These data support the thesis that early developmental aspects of sexual identity, and later concerns over homosexuality that are partly of a religious derivative, may contribute to a transsexual outcome. PMID- 7259427 TI - Expressive psychotherapy with gender dysphoric patients. AB - The dictum that transsexualism is resistant to psychotherapy has led many investigators to view sex reassignment surgery (SRS) as the treatment of choice and dismiss psychotherapy as unfeasible. The Gender Identity Clinic at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, was organized to treat transsexuals with individual and group psychotherapy and SRS. Of 50 gender dysphoric (GD) patients, 70% have adjusted to nonsurgical solutions, 20% are receiving treatment, and 10% have received SRS and psychotherapy. The crux of psychotherapy is establishing a therapeutic alliance; this is aided by the context of the Gender Identity Clinic. Clinical evidence suggests that new therapeutic techniques may enable psychotherapy to become the treatment of choice with most GD patients and that psychotherapy and SRS are not mutually exclusive. Most patients request and benefit from psychotherapy after SRS. PMID- 7259428 TI - Morbidity and mortality in the commitment process. AB - This study reports a prospective evaluation of 189 patients who entered the commitment process in Oregon. Patients were assessed for commitment status, morbidity, and mortality at six and 19 months. Twenty-nine percent were formally committed. The committed group consisted largely of violence-prone, psychotic patients plus a small number of elderly, demented subjects with serious medical illness. A mortality of 10% included the elderly who died of medical causes and young adult patients who completed suicide. The findings justify psychiatry's concern for patient welfare in commitment systems, especially for the group that is released and not committed. The study is compared with six additional commitment studies, with emphasis on methodology and implications for further research. PMID- 7259429 TI - Mortality among psychiatric inpatients. Age-adjusted comparison of populations before and after psychotropic drug era. AB - Comparison of age-adjusted death rates for inpatient and general populations from three pre-drug era and one post-drug era samples revealed a progressive decline in mortality that was most marked among elderly men. When length of stay was considered, the post-drug era sample showed a 30% reduction in mortality among patients hospitalized less than one year and a 50% reduction among longer-stay patients. The findings fail to support an increased mortality risk associated with the use of psychotropic drugs but dramatize the increased need for psychiatric services resulting from the increased survival of patients, especially those with long-term hospital stays. PMID- 7259430 TI - Diagnosis-specific mortality. Primary unipolar depression and Briquet's syndrome (somatization disorder). AB - A 42-year follow-up of 76 women with Briquet's syndrome revealed no evidence of excess mortality. A carefully matched group of patients with primary unipolar depression had excess mortality in comparison both with the Briquet's syndrome group and with the Iowa population. Although one of the 30 patients with Briquet's syndrome with available death certificates died by suicide, the rate of death due to unnatural causes in the Briquet's syndrome group was not greater than that predicted by relevant population figures. These findings suggest that some psychiatric illnesses involve excess mortality while others do not. Reasons for this excess likewise may vary by diagnosis. PMID- 7259431 TI - An analysis of the movement to private psychiatric practice. AB - Survey data were analyzed from 900 psychiatrists who graduated between 1961 and 1976 from one of 17 state mental hospitals (SMHs) or ten university psychiatry residency programs in one of five states and are used to describe the differential influence of (1) foreign or US medical education, (2) SMH or university training program, and (3) years since graduation on the decision to take a job in either a private, public, or university medical school practice setting. Descriptive statistical models show that (1) about 25% of all respondents chose a private, 55% a public, and 20% a university for their first job, and (2) substantial numbers of both foreign and US medical graduates (FMGs, USMGs) left public jobs and chose and remained in private jobs, so that 55% of respondents had their current job in the private sector. Type of residency training was associated only with first job choice. Compared with USMGs, more FMGs initially took and remained in public jobs. These models highlight manpower problems. In fact, most of the respondents did not confine their work to a single kind of practice setting. PMID- 7259432 TI - Cell population kinetics - experimental methods and their in vivo relevance for human cancer chemotherapy. AB - The value of certain concepts derived from experimental studies of stem cell kinetics are discussed in terms of their clinical relevance. The application of these principles involving treatment for approximately 24 hours on an intermittent basis as soon as bone marrow recovery has occurred, has been shown clinically markedly to increase the safety and selectivity of cancer chemotherapy. Examples are given for treating breast carcinomas, head and neck tumours and bronchogenic carcinomas. In vitro studies with established cell lines have confirmed the observation in tumour-bearing mice that exposure for a 24 hour period results in two types of dose response curves for the stem cell populations, which form the basis for the Kinetic Classification of Antitumour Agents. This simple in vitro system is now being used to classify newer antitumour agents. Attempts to extend these studies to consider stem cells in human tumours are described together with their problems and limitations. PMID- 7259433 TI - Cell cultures and their use in drug sensitivity prediction. AB - This paper reviews briefly the advantages of in vitro methods for predictive drug sensitivity testing and then summarizes the present situation. Clear evidence of variation in chemosensitivity at the cellular level is now available, the value of the test for predicting in vivo resistance is confirmed, and some evidence that treatment of advanced carcinoma of the ovary on the basis of a predictive test prolongs survival is presented. Ways in which the laboratory test might be improved are suggested and outstanding clinical problems, in particular the need for a very large number of patients in any prospective trial designed to detect a small improvement in treatment, are discussed. PMID- 7259434 TI - Drug resistance studies on intraspecific hybridomas. AB - P388 mouse leukemia lines, one sensitive (P388/S) and the other resistance (P388/R) to vincristine (VCR), cultured in vitro, were hybridized with polyethylene glycol (PEG). A thymidine kinase-deficient mutant (TK-) was isolated from the sensitive line, and a hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficient mutant (HPRT-) from the resistant line. The hybrid line grows slower than the mutants. The modal chromosome numbers are: TK- = 38, HPRT- = 40, hybrid = 69 (72). The TK- cells contain a large metacentric marker which is missing from the HPRT- cells. Hybrid cells are as resistant to VCR as the P388/R and HPRT- cells. PMID- 7259435 TI - The behaviour of tumour cells of ovarian carcinomata under in vitro conditions and the coincidence with clinical controllability of tumours. AB - The clinical significance of in vitro cytostatics testing, based on 96 patients with ovarian carcinomata over a 4-year period (1976-1979) is reported. Cell cultivation and short-time incubation are used for the purpose. The cytostatic effect are ascertained by microscopic comparative tests and determination of 3H thymidine and -cytidine incorporation. The results obtained by in vitro methods coincide to about 70%. Ovarian carcinomata are most frequently sensitive to Adriblastin and least frequently to DTIC. The correlation rate between in vitro test results and clinical reality was 83%. The clinical significance of cytostatics testing in vitro consists in --the individualisation of the tumour chemotherapy, --the possibility of a prognostic estimate, --the ascertainment of causes of chemotherapy failure, --the prevention of useless therapeutic trials on the patient. PMID- 7259436 TI - High risk breast cancer: long-term surgical adjuvant therapy based on predictive tests - preliminary report. AB - A surgical adjuvant therapy trial was started in 1974, in locoregionally advanced breast cancer. The adjuvant hormonal and cytostatic therapeutic regimen was administered according to the results of predictive tests: estrogen receptor (ER) assay and oncobiogram (group I); in the control group (0) no adjuvant therapy was given until relapse, but tests were performed like in group I. Preliminary results. In a subgroup with adjuvant chemotherapy, using one or more substances according to oncobiogram, with or without hormonal treatment, the treated women did highly-significantly better, compared with the untreated group. No advantage was seen from ovariectomy and/or anabolic steroids, either with or without Cytoxan (Test results: ER +, in vitro not growing tumours). Some doubt exists about the results: resistant, especially in testing cytostatics. This doubt and the rate of tumours, not growing in vitro, limit the use of predictive tests, concerning cytostatics. Further, one has to be cautious in the use of additive hormonal treatment in surgical adjuvant therapy: in some cases stimulation can not be excluded. PMID- 7259437 TI - Influence of pH and serum on the effectivity of antineoplastic agents in vitro. AB - pH and serum are important factors in cell cultures in vitro. Only 47.4% of 3H uridine incorporation were measured in cells incubated with medium pH 6.8 in comparison to control cultures (mesothelioma cells, 30th passage; pH 7.4; 3H uridine incorporation 100%). Changes of pH can also influence the cytotoxic activity of 5-Fluorouracil (2.9 X 10(-4) M). We measured greater inhibition of 3H uridine incorporation with medium pH 6.8 (79.9%) in comparison to medium pH 7.4 (54.0%). Influence of serum (10%) on the cytotoxicity of Viknblastine (7.4 X 10( 9)M) were measured. Foetal calf serum (FS 883) and calf serum (KS 132) showed similar effects on the inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation, 78.1% and 87.4% respectively. But calf serum (KS 199) supplemented medium produced only 40.6% inhibition of disintegrations/microgram DNA. The possible factors (pH, osmotic activity, protein distribution) of these sera will be discussed. PMID- 7259438 TI - Malignancy of neurogenic cells characterized by their invasiveness in vitro. AB - 15 continuous neurogenic cell lines, originated from the off-spring of ethylnitrosourea treated BD IX rats are screened for invasions in vitro. Confrontations of precultured embryonic chick heart fragments with aggregates of the neurogenic cells are studied in a three dimensional system. Invasion of the neurogenic cells into the heart fragment is scored on histological sections. Invasion in vitro was correlated with malignancy in vivo. The reproducibility in our experiments strengthen the idea that invasiveness in vitro is a criterion of malignancy. Different cell lines express various patterns of invasion in vitro. Alterations are observed as well in the invading cells as in the heart tissue. These alterations represents cellular activities during invasion. The observed activities are probably the result of cell growth, penetration, destruction and phagocytosis. PMID- 7259439 TI - Early activities of invasive malignant cells in vitro. AB - Contact of aggregates of MO4 cells (malignant fibroblastic mouse cells) with precultured fragments of embryonic chick heart in vitro results in attachment within the first 45 minutes. Attachment appears to be an active cellular process, sensitive to cytochalasin B and dependent on ATP energy. Transmissionelectronmicrographs from MO4 cells attached to heart tissue indicate that a number of cellular activities are involved in attachment. The same activities are probably involved as well in invasion as it appears during further incubation of the confronting tissues. These activities, namely adhesion, anchorage and penetration of MO4 cells and destruction of fibroblastic heart cells have been separated experimentally and their sequence during the early steps of invasion has been determined. PMID- 7259440 TI - Interaction of human carcinoma cells with an epithelial layer and the underlying basement membrane. A new model. AB - We have developed a new in-vitro model to study the interaction of malignant tumour cells with a normal epithelium and a subsequent invasion and penetration of the epithelium. The system involves the culture of human amnions obtained after caesarean section. The amnion with its intact basement membrane and the underlying collagenous stroma was cultured on an agar coated grid, tumour cells were added on top of the amnoin and co-cultured for up to 7 days. We report on human tumour cell lines, HeLa I also broke through the basement membrane and grew into the collagenous stroma. Normal cells were accepted by the amnoin and the amnoin epithelium grew over the fibroblasts. This system should provide a useful model to study the factors controlling tumour cell invasion, such as the role of proteolytic and collagenolytic enzymes, cell adhesion and locomotion. PMID- 7259441 TI - Influence of cells number on directional migration of MO4 cells in vitro. AB - The diameter of the circular area covered by MO4 cells explanted as a spheroid on glass is used as an index of directional migration. MO4 cells, the proliferation of which is inhibited by 5-fluorouracil or ionizing radiation can perform directional migration, indicating that directional migration and proliferation are basically unrelated cellular activities. In non-proliferating populations the distance of directional migration appears to increase with increasing volume of the original spheroid, indicating that directional migration is influenced by the cell number. Stimulation of directional migration is also obtained by explanting a second spheroid in the center of the area covered by cells from a first spheroid. Comparison of directional migration of cells from irradiated spheroids with that from spheroids in presence of 5-fluorouracil, shows that apart from the cell number, volume, degree of spread, number and type of intercellular contacts also influence directional migration. PMID- 7259442 TI - How selective are agar cultures for malignant transformation? AB - In vitro assays that permit cloning of tumour cells in soft agar have been improved during the last 5 years. Two of them (2, 10) are claimed to be useful as test systems for the screening of new anticancer drugs and even for drug sensitivity testing of individual human tumours in the devicing of individualized cancer chemotherapy regimens. Three assays were investigated for this report: those of Toshio Kuroki (TK) (11) and Hamburger and Salmon (HS) (5, 10) and that in use for bone marrow cell cultures (BM) (3). Cells of various origins were tested for their growth capacity and colony formation in these three assays. Included were cells of 10 established lines classified as malignant or nonmalignant according to the in vivo malignancy test (6). Cells freshly derived from two tumours ans those from five tumours after 2-10 passages in monolayer culture were also used as test cells. The BM assay gave the best results. Up to now, a 100 per cent correlation has been found between the in vivo and in vitro test. Investigations are under way to determine whether this assay can also be used as a transformation assay using cells with a low transformation rate. PMID- 7259443 TI - Manifestations and mechanisms of morphological transformations of cultured cells. AB - The symptoms of morphological transformation of cultures fibroblastic and epithelial cells are reviewed. It is suggested that main manifestations of morphological transformation can be regarded as consequences of alterations of one group of cellular reactions: of the pseudopodial attachment reactions. Possible mechanisms of pseudopodial reactions are discussed. It is suggested that neoplastic cells have altered reaction norm to the environmental factors controlling pseudopodial reactions. PMID- 7259444 TI - The use of quantitative cytochemistry to monitor human tumour cells in culture. AB - The prerequisites of any method used to identify human tumour cells in short term culture are specificity, stability, sensitivity and simplicity. This paper looks critically at the use of nuclear DNA measurement combined with 3H thymidine autoradiography as the method of choice in the light of these four requirements. We conclude that although the combined method has some disadvantages, it has many advantages and is particularly appropriate when only a limited number of cells is available from a patient biopsy. Our results show clearly that monitoring procedures are required to verify that the cultured cells are abnormal, particularly after passage. PMID- 7259445 TI - Sensitivity of chromatin to heparin in chromic atrophic gastritis in carcinoma free and carcinoma bearing stomach as revealed by flow cytometry. AB - Heparin, a natural polyanion, was applied to human gastric mucosal cells in chronic atrophic gastritis originating from the carcinoma free and the carcinoma bearing stomach. Both groups showed a different sensitivity to heparin expressed as different accessibility of the chromatin to the fluorochrone, as revealed by flow cytometry. PMID- 7259446 TI - [Blood donor who for years sold over 14 liters of his blood every year]. PMID- 7259447 TI - An electron microscopic study of cell death in molar tooth germ epithelia of mouse embryos. AB - Cell death in the epithelial tooth germs of mouse mandibular molars from the 12th to the 14th day of gestation was investigated by electron and light microscopy. Light microscopy revealed granular substances in the epithelial portion of the tooth germ on the 12th day, and an increase in their number to the 14th day when the enamel knot developed. In the areas where granular substances were observed by the light microscope, electron microscopy revealed cells with condensed chromatin. The cytoplasm of these cells increased in electron density, the cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum were dilated and the cristae of mitochondria disappeared. These cells were comparable to the physiologically degenerative cells reported in other organs. These degenerative cells are joined to adjacent cells by desmosomes and are believed to be derived from the epithelial cells. Further, degenerative bodies, composed of amorphous structures and enveloped by a limiting membrane, were observed in the epithelial cells. They are presumed to be derived from the degenerated cells engulfed by neighboring cells. From this evidence, phagocytic ability is attributed to the epithelial cells of the tooth germ. PMID- 7259448 TI - Cytochemical localization of peroxidase in amoeboid cells in the corpus callosum in postnatal rats. AB - Cytochemical study of the "amoeboid cells" in the corpus callosum in the early postnatal rat brain showed that a few of them exhibited peroxidase activity. The enzyme activity was localized in a variable number of cytoplasmic granules measuring 0.2 micron and this resembles that of monocyte-derived macrophages. PMID- 7259449 TI - Electron microscopic study on the amoeboid microglial cells in the roof plate of the early chick embryo brain. AB - The amoeboid microglial cells (AM cells), which were acid phosphatase-positive histochemically, present in the rhombencephalon coated with the leptomeninges of the 8--day incubation chick embryos were investigated by electron microscopy. It was found the the AM cells occurred simultaneously in the leptomeninges, in the roof plate, and in the ventricle. Considering the distribution of the cell in these three sites along with the present author's earlier findings of ACPase reactions for the AM cells, it is highly probable that in the rhombencephalon the AM cells originate from the leptomeninges and then enter the ventricle through the roof plate. PMID- 7259450 TI - Primary formation of germinal centers in the chick spleen after injection with sheep red blood cells. AB - The primary formation of germinal centers was induced in the chick spleen by intravenous injection of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) at 21 days of age. In the spleen, SRBC were trapped in the ellipsoids soon after injection. The number of cells of periellipsoidal lymphoid tissues (PELT) was gradually depleted. Large pyroninophilic cells appeared in the periphery of periarterial lymphatic sheaths (PALS) 4 hrs after injection. Then they increased in number and migrated centralward in the PALS. On the 4th day they were accumulated in the vicinity of the central arteries to make nodular structures. Morphologically mature germinal centers encapsulated by connective tissue were formed for the first time on the 6th day after injection. They were most numerous on the 8th day and then decreased gradually. It was presumed that the primary germinal centers in the chick spleen might have been formed by the cells of the PELT which were originally derived from the bursa of Fabricius. The process of proliferation of germinal centers in the secondary immune response was discussed. PMID- 7259451 TI - The mitogenic action of prolactin on some endocrine organs of chicks. AB - The aim of the present investigation was to explore the mitogenic action of ovine and bovine prolactin hormones in the thyroid, the parathyroid and the thymus glands of chicks. Both the hormones in lowest dosage (1.5 i.u.) increased the mitotic rate in majority of these organs, but it failed to accelerate the mitotic incidence further or were almost ineffective with the higher dosages (5 i.u. and 10 i.u.). Ovine prolactin showed a higher mitogenic response than that seen with the bovine hormone. It is suggested that prolactin in optimal dosage promotes mitosis in these organs of chicks. PMID- 7259452 TI - Effect of neonatal administrations of 6-OHDA on the brain development. I. Alteration in the striatum. AB - Following repeated subcutaneous administrations of 6-OHDA into neonatal rats (a dose; 100 mu/g bw), the effect on the brain development was examined. The striatal dopamine fluorescence never disappeared completely even immediately after multiple administrations of 6-OHDA, however a slight reduction of the fluorescence lasted for a long time. Semithin sections stained with toluidine blue showed numerous dark necrotic neurons appearing at a 15-times higher ratio than that in controls. Such necrotic neurons always accompanied a few granular deposits around the wavy surface. In a certain area of the striatum (0.898 mm2), there were no clear changes in the cell population in neurons and glia, in the ratio of glia to neurons, and in the ratio of each cell type of glia to the total glia, but some neuronal cell loss was speculated to occur slowly. The ultrastructural alteration observed at 28, 35 and 42 postnatal days in 6-OHDA treated rats was characterized by an appearance of myelin-like membranous lamellar bodies in the boutons synapsing with neural soma. In some cases intact small synaptic vesicles were seen around the lamellar body which probably rose from cell membranes in the synaptic area. Most of the necrotic neurons corresponded to the post-synaptic side for the boutons including lamellar bodies. Necrotic neurons displayed a dense cytoplasmic matrix, an increase of polysomes and cisternal swelling in rough ER and in the Golgi apparatus. Membranous lamellar bodies were occasionally observed in the periphery of satellite glial cells, probably oligodendrocytes. In conclusion, a long lasting reduction of striatal dopamine caused by 6-OHDA might disturb the function around the synaptic area and the metabolic regulation in the post-synaptic striatal neuron, thus resulted in the appearance of rather chronic morphological alterations in those areas. PMID- 7259453 TI - Immunobiological and pharmacological properties of thymus factor X (TFX). I. Biological and pharmacological activity. AB - Detailed investigations on pharmacological properties of biologically active thymus extract were performed. Its acute and chronic toxicity was determined. Influence on the circulatory and the respiratory systems as well as on the parenchymatous and the smooth muscle organs, development of fetuses and reproductive functions were evaluated. Preparation TFX proved to be well tolerated and its acute action was manifested only at high doses injected intravenously. Its effect on the smooth muscle organs and its teratogenic activity were determined in the long-term experiments. It was assumed that it can be introduced in clinical use excluding women in the reproductive period. PMID- 7259454 TI - Immunobiological and pharmacological properties of thymus factor X (TFX). II. Immunotropic activity. AB - Immunobiological effect of the active thymus extract (preparation TFX) was evaluated in vitro. It was shown that the preparation exerts a protective effect, in relation to the cytotoxic action of hydrocortisone, and restores lymphocyte sensitivity to imuran in thymectomized mice. The findings show that preparation TFX has an activity corresponding to that of Goldstein's thymosin. The unit of immunotropic activity of TFX was introduced. Besides, cell-mediated reactions (skin test, MIF) displayed immunogenic properties of TFX. PMID- 7259455 TI - Histamine binding proteins in allergic diseases. AB - The present studies deal with histamine binding by some serum proteins of persons with allergic disorders and of normal subjects. It was found, that a defect in histamine inactivation occurs in patients with infectious bronchial asthma. There was no impairment of histaminopexy in the cases of hay fever and Quincke's edema. PMID- 7259456 TI - Strain and sex dependent sensitivity to skin anaphylactic reactions in the mouse. AB - The strain-dependent variation in sensitivity of mouse skin to passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) was observed. The results showed that this variation is not connected either with mast cell number and histamine content in the skin of different mouse strains or with the concentration of non-specific IgE on skin mast cells of these strains. Thus, other factors determining the susceptibility of mouse strains to PCA must exist. PMID- 7259457 TI - Effect of isoproterenol and propranolol on the mast cell degranulation and on the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice. AB - Effect of isoproterenol and propranolol on the production of hemocytotropic antibodies and degranulation of peritoneal mast cells from sensitized mice was studied. It was demonstrated that stimulation with large doses of the antigen caused degranulation of peritoneal mast cells and that additional administration of a beta antagonist propranolol failed to increase the degranulation phenomenon. Marked inhibition in degranulation of mast cells was seen in mice sensitized with large and small doses of antigen after isoproterenol. In 2h PCA test in animals immunized with large doses of the antigen a higher activity of PCA reaction illustrating the concentration of IgG1 antibodies was noted. With higher doses of the antigen and propranolol the titers of the antibodies were markedly higher. The inhibiting effect of isoprenaline on the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis was observed only in the 72 h-test, mostly in the group of mice immunized with small doses of the antigen. PMID- 7259458 TI - Effect of histamine on E and EAC rosettes formation of normal and leukemic human lymphocytes. AB - Histamine at 10(-6) M inhibited E and increased EAC rosette formation of normal human peripheral lymphocytes. Cimetidine at 10(-3) M prevented the decrease in number of E rosette-forming cells. In CLL no influence of Hi on both E and EAC rosette formation was detected. In the light of these findings the presence of histamine receptor on human normal and leukemic lymphocytes is discussed. PMID- 7259460 TI - Histamine binding proteins separated from human sera by the chromatographic method. AB - Human serum proteins were bound on and eluted from sepharose-polylysine-histamine column. Thus obtained protein fraction was referred to as HBP (Histamine Binding Protein). HBP proteins were examined for the ability to bind histamine by biologic method applied to isolated guinea pig intestine. Chromatographic separations were run on DEAE column to obtain HBP proteins which are directly responsible for histamine binding activity. The results obtained suggest that human serum contains 3 histamine binding fractions. One of them was identified as orosomucoid, and the 2 remaining ones seem to be glycoproteids belonging to alpha 1 globulin group. PMID- 7259459 TI - Influence of oxotremorine on histamine level and histamine synthesis in the rat brain. AB - The i.p. administration of oxotremorine (2 mg/kg) produced a decrease of both formation of 14C-histamine and the activity of specific histamine-synthetizing enzyme--histidine decarboxylase (HD). Oxotremorine had no effect on histamine level in the brain when given alone, but lowered the amine content in L-histidine treated rats. All of these effects of oxotremorine were antagonized by atropine sulphate, but not by atropine methyl nitrate--a cholinolytic drug which does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Presented findings indicate a possibility of ACh--HI interaction in the rat brain. Possible mechanism of oxotremorine action is discussed. PMID- 7259461 TI - Five years experience with ceramic-metal-composite hip endoprostheses. I. clinical evaluation. AB - Clinical experience with 130 endoprostheses, entirely made of ceramic, having an average 5 year follow-up is reported. Excellent to sufficient results were seen in 84% of all cases. A number of particular matters of interest (operative technique, radiological morphology of the bone/ceramic bone interface etc.) are discussed in detail. Complications (loosening of components: 2%; component fracture: 6%, wear phenomena etc.) are described and documented including histological observations from capsular tissue of total ceramic hip joints. The whole system has basically stood the test, during the implantation period, modifications to improve the function of the system will be described in another publication. PMID- 7259462 TI - Five years experience with ceramic-metal-composite hip endoprostheses. II. Mechanical evaluations and improvements. AB - The results of the complete and detailed clinical evaluation are compared with the original design criteria. It is shown that most of them stood the test. Those aspects which did not meet the expectations are discussed in detail: The occurrence of very little and biologically tolerable wear during the initial running-in period will be further reduced by a considerable improvement of the material properties. The few cases of severe wear had been associated with clinically exceptional situations, the analysis of which allows for suggestions to avoid such situations. The material improvements and all other steps taken to increase the safety margin considerably against fractures of the ceramic ball are described in detail. In addition, the attention is paid to some necessary clinical precautions. PMID- 7259463 TI - [The bacteria stop system of Meierhans-Weber as room air technical alternative to laminar-air-flow and its air hygienic effectiveness]. AB - Statistics of wound infections demonstrate the linear dependence between postoperative wound infection and the quantity of bacteria in the air of operating theatres. In the most extensive examination series we have made as yet with a special work group of DGOT the quantity of bacteria in the air of non air conditioned operating theatres and such fitted out with different aircleaning systems was determined. Non air-conditioned operating theatres proved so extremely infected that the risk of wound infection cannot be borne any more in the future. Also air-conditioned systems according to DIN 1946/4 with an average of 190 bacteria/m3 are not sufficiently secure for bone and joint surgery. In Switzerland for such operations a value of 10/m3 at the most is admissible. Such equivalents have been attained only with LAF until today. After extensive air tests the so-called "Keimstop"-system by Meierhans and Weber is to be considered the sole system suitable to supplement air conditioning DIN 1946/4. This combination yields the same effect as the expensive LAF systems. PMID- 7259464 TI - The gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap (GMF): an alternative method to repair severe lesions of the leg. AB - A short review of the various methods of closing skin defects associated with severe injuries of the leg raised the question for using a myocutaneous flaps and particularly a gastrocnemius flaps. The surgical technique is described and the versatility of the flap is demonstrated with several examples and discussed showing how both the medial and the lateral gastrocnemius flap, can be used as a pedicle as well as a free flap, ipsi- and contralaterally. PMID- 7259465 TI - Pigmented villonodular synovitis with bone involvement. AB - Pigmented villonodular synovitis with bone involvements have been reported at various sites. The mode of bone involvement is still controversial. In the present report, out of 47 cases of pigmented villonodular synovitis there were six osseous involvements (at ankle, wrist, elbow, scapula, hip and knee) with bizarre manifestations. The lesions at ankle, wrist and elbow were peculiar, mimicking neoplasm. All cases were treated by operative methods. PMID- 7259466 TI - Growth disturbance after physial injury of distal femur and proximal tibia studied by roentgen stereophotogrammetry. AB - Longitudinal growth determined by roentgen stereophotogrammetry was registered in three patients with physial injuries in distal femur and in two patients with physial injuries in proximal tibia during 18 months. The injuries in distal femur were classified as Type I, Type I kII and Type IV and in proximal tibia as Type I kII and Type IV in the different cases according to Salter and Harris. Markers of tantalum balls were implanted into the metaphysis and bony epiphysis of distal femur and proximal tibia permitting regular determination of longitudinal growth. Significant growth disturbances was registered in four patients. The Salter Harris classification was difficult to use to predict growth disturbance after physial injuries around the knee. The roentgen stereophotogrammetric method was found useful to determine normal growth rate and after physial injuries to reveal growth disturbance leading to complete or partial growth arrest resulting in leg length discrepancy or angular deformity. This method facilitates preoperative planning if surgery is needed. PMID- 7259467 TI - Primary mineralization and extracellular matrix vesicles in rat bone after administration of glass-ceramic implants. AB - Glass-ceramic implants were administered into cavities prepared in rat femoral shaft. Electron microscope examination revealed formation of collagenous rich matrix in the implant-bone interface. Features typical to primary mineralization as well as bone and implant resorption were present in the interface. Primary mineralization was characterized by the occurrence of active forming cells, extracellular matrix vesicles and calcifying calcospheritic structures. Intensive primary mineralization in association with the implants indicates that glass ceramic may be stimulative to ossification, allowing favorable tissue-implant relationship. PMID- 7259468 TI - Biofeedback therapy to achieve symmetrical gait in hemiplegic cerebral palsied children. AB - To test the hypothesis that the gait pattern of hemiplegic children can be made more symmetrical by a program of biofeedback therapy, 4 hemiplegic cerebral palsied children aged between 7 and 11 years were provided with auditory feedback from load-sensitive insole inserted in the shoe on the hemiparetic side. By providing the child with feedback derived from the load being borne by his hemiparetic heel while walking and by encouraging him to increase that load, a significant improvement in symmetry of load bearing was achieved. For the 2 children for whom video records were taken there was a concomitant improvement in the symmetry of the temporal aspects of the gait cycle. These changes were maintained after treatment ended. It is suggested that this form of biofeedback therapy provides a significant addition to the armamentarium of physical therapies available for treatment of gait abnormalities in hemiplegic cerebral palsied children. PMID- 7259469 TI - Pain management: long-term follow-up of an inpatient program. AB - To determine maintenance of lifestyle changes following completion of an inpatient behavioral pain management program, 40 patients were followed up by questionnaire 6 months to 3 years after program completion, with the majority contacted at least 18 months postdischarge. Thirty-two patients completed some portion of the questionnaire. Responders were similar to nonresponders in age, sex, chronicity of pain on admission, and time since discharge. Responses to specific items indicated that patients had increased activity level and employment and had decreased use of pain-related medications. A global measure of success was based on 3 criteria: (1) reported nonuse of narcotic analgesics, muscle relaxants and tranquilizers; (2) status as employed, in training, or running a household or continuation of 50% to 100% of exercises and reported increased recreational activities; and (3) no reported increase in pain. Of the patients providing adequate data for application of these criteria, 37% met all 3 standards at follow-up. Such a multivariate criterion is recommended for assessment of multidisciplinary pain programs. More frequently practices behaviors (ie, nonuse of medications, exercises) appeared better maintained. Thus, increased behavioral practice, particularly in vocational and recreational activities, is recommended. PMID- 7259470 TI - Chronic pain and the questionable use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. AB - Several studies have observed that patients who complain of chronic pain have significantly elevated scores on the first 3 clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Some studies imply that this profile allows one to conclude that such patients exaggerate their symptoms, have strong feelings of inadequacy, have emotional problems which are neurotic, with implications that this is functional pain. The present study and its results challenges the use of the MMPI in attempting to distinguish psychogenic from organic pain. The MMPI was administered to 62 patients on their admission to the hospital. All 62 patients had a diagnosis of some organic findings consistent with their pain symptomatology. The average MMPI scores resulted in an elevated "Conversion-V" profile. It was also noted that as characteristics such as age of the subject, number of surgeries, and number of physicians seen increased, there was a corresponding increase in the neurotic scales. It was concluded that utmost caution should be used in interpreting individual pain patients' MMPI scores. It is especially important to avoid dismissing the pain symptomatology as functional by simply giving the patient a psychiatric diagnosis consistent with the profile. The potential of the MMPI as an aid in developing the treatment plan and as a possible predictive tool for certain treatment procedures is discussed. It is suggested that MMPI data be collected on a comparison group of patients, who have had successful relief of pain through surgical intervention. PMID- 7259471 TI - Relationships between tibial rotary torque and knee flexion/extension after tendon transplant surgery. AB - The hamstring muscles play an important role in decelerating and checking tibial rotation before excessive stresses are applied to knee support structures. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between standard flexion/extension rehabilitative techniques and tibial rotary torque among subjects who had received pes anserinus transfers at least 1 year prior. Postsurgical and healthy contralateral limbs of 15 males were tested for maximum, isokinetic knee flexion/extension and internal/external tibial rotation. An adjustable chair and stabilizing boot were used to minimize extraneous hip, thigh and subtalar movements. Product-moment correlation coefficients were computed to determine the relationships between muscle forces generated during tibial rotation and knee flexion/extension. Relatively small relationships were found between rotation and flexion. Tibial rotation and flexion were more highly correlated in the nonsurgical than in the surgical limbs. The results also revealed that peak torque was generated within the first 5-10 degrees of motion for tibial rotation and within the first 20-30 degrees of motion for knee flexion and extension. The data indicate that measures of maximal knee flexor torque cannot be used to predict the rotational capabilities of the same muscle group and that separate measurement and rehabilitative techniques are necessary. Further analyses of postsurgical knees revealed force deficits among knee flexors and extensors when compared to nonsurgical counterparts. The findings suggest long-term sensitivity of the quadriceps to immobility. PMID- 7259472 TI - Skin surface PO2 measurement and the effect of externally applied pressure. AB - The effect of externally applied load on the partial pressure of oxygen in tissue, measured at the skin surface (PSO2) was examined by applying a load to a transcutaneous O2 monitor mounted on the skin of healthy subjects. The load was increased every 4 minutes, and the PSO2 was recorded at the end of the 4-minute period. Three sites were investigated: the sacrum, the greater trochanteric area, and the lateral aspect of the thigh. Mean initial values for the 3 sites were found to be 10.1, 11.1, and 10.1 kPa, respectively. On increasing the applied load, values were found to reduce gradually at first and then at an increasing rate to zero at the "cut-off" load. The mean cut-off pressure for the 3 areas was 15.2, 18.8, and 18.1 kPa. PMID- 7259474 TI - Behavioral treatment of fear in a child with cerebral palsy using a flooding procedure. PMID- 7259473 TI - Skin blood flow in seated geriatric patients. AB - A hard seat was equipped with devices sensing arteriolar pulsatile blood flow volume rate, externally developed pressure, and shear, all taken in lateral proximity to the ischial tuberosities of sitting subjects. Tests of 14 geriatric hospitalized patients and 9 healthy young men indicated the following: (1) No young healthy man demonstrated blood flow occlusion at pressure values less than 120mmHg. Of the geriatric hospitalized subjects, 2 occluded at less than 20mmHg. (2) Average shear values developed by the geriatric hospitalized group were 3 times that of the young healthy group. (3) Average pressure values demonstrated by the geriatric hospitalized subjects were roughly equal to those of the younger subjects (roughly 70mmHg). (4) Tipping the seat backwards through 20 degrees produced major benefits to the hospitalized geriatric group in terms of increased blood flow, lessened pressure, and lower shear. The young, healthy group experienced some increase in blood flow with no significant change in sitting reactions when tested in a tipped attitude. PMID- 7259475 TI - Tarsal tunnel syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Recent reports suggest an increased incidence for the general population of tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), similar to that previously reported for carpal tunnel syndrome. Proof of this supposition could be important in the diagnosis and management of pain in the feet of patients with RA. Thirty-nine patients with a classical diagnosis of RA by clinical and laboratory criteria had electrodiagnostic studies performed on both posterior tibial nerves and other nerves as indicated. These tests found a 15% incidence of peripheral neuropathy and a 5% incidence of TTS in patients with RA. PMID- 7259477 TI - The rehabilitation team: future direction. PMID- 7259476 TI - Severe femoral neuropathy with "hanging leg" syndrome. AB - Severe femoral neuropathy with a partial sciatic nerve injury is an unusual clinical finding in the absence of penetrating trauma, pelvic fracture, hemorrhage, mass lesion, or peripheral neuropathy. This report documents the occurrence of this condition and discusses its recognition despite lack of detectable radiologic or routine laboratory abnormalities. A careful history and clinical electrodiagnosis are the most important factors in establishing the nature of the mechanism of injury, anatomic location, diagnosis, and prognosis. Review of these factors suggests that the injury is related to nerve stretching or compression with prolonged maintenance of a "hanging leg" position on the affected side. PMID- 7259479 TI - Dynamometry and muscle disease. PMID- 7259478 TI - Paraspinal EMG. PMID- 7259480 TI - [Internuclear ophthalmoplegia and associated oculomotor syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Fifteen patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) were examined by simultaneous electro-oculography of each eye. In 11 patients the INO was bilateral and in 4 patients unilateral. In 6 of the bilateral cases, the INO was asymmetric. A classic presentation of the INO was shown by only 2 patients. The rest had additional disorders of eye mobility (INO plus). The high percentage of additional affections, which were not often clinically apparent, consisted of slowing of abduction (45%), impairment of vertical movements (80%) and convergence (30%), and dysmetric overshoot of the abducing eye (65%). Impairment of vertical movements were combined in 3 patients with unilateral INO. Isolated downward vertical gaze paresis was found in 4 patients. Thus an investigation by quantitative methods demonstrates the very rare occurrence of isolated lesions of the medial longitudinal fascicle (MLF). Affections of the MLF mostly are combined with lesions of the surrounding reticular formation and therefore with additional optomotoric defects. PMID- 7259481 TI - [Determinants of success in the treatment of smokers with the Hermano therapy (author's transl)]. AB - In 1973, 532 persons desiring to quit smoking and seeking the Hermano therapy of chirothesia were questioned prior to the ritual treatment session. Typical smoking behavior, social background, and personality tests were documented. At intervals of 4 months, 1 year, and 5 years after treatment the group was examined with a follow-up questionnaire. In two earlier studies Gmur evaluated the results of this treatment after 1 year and analyzed in detail the various factors which influence these results. The present paper investigates the determinations for success with a follow-up study 5 years after treatment. The analysis show that the treatment was seldom successful for persons with an accentuated addiction like smoking behavior. There were no findings proving a correlation between personality pattern and/or sociodemographic data and treatment success. No criteria was found to suggest indications for the successful application of the Hermano therapy. PMID- 7259482 TI - Slow potentials in the human subthalamus associated with rapid arm movements. AB - During stereotactic operations brain potentials were recorded from the zona incerta of Parkinsonian patients. When the patient performed a rapid contralateral elbow flexion in response to a light signal, a slow positive or positive-negative EEG potential preceded the EMG activation by 30-130 ms (average 60 ms) and extended into the biceps activation phase. It was not evoked by the light flash alone or by rapid passive flexion. The potential may be interpreted as a correlate of movement-related activity of cerebellothalamic pathways mediating command signals for rapid arm movements. In support of this assumption, a marked delay of contralateral biceps activation followed coagulation of the recording site. PMID- 7259483 TI - [Myoglobin radioimmunoassay: experience of the diagnosis of skeletal muscle disorders (author's transl)]. AB - Serum myoglobin was measured by a sensitive radioimmunoassay in healthy controls and in patients with skeletal muscle disorders such as polymyositis and Duchenne type muscular dystrophy. The serum myoglobin levels were closely related to the serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, thus indicating that myoglobin is a useful adjunct in the assessment of muscle cell damage. PMID- 7259485 TI - [Intractable pain after lumbar intervertebral disc surgery (author's transl)]. AB - A joint follow-up study of 3238 cases from 15 neurosurgical departments analyzed complications following lumbar disc surgery. One hundred cases of intractable pain were evaluated and correlated with the pre-, intra-, and postoperative findings of all patients with complications following lumbar disc surgery. The 100 cases with intractable pain are divided into 67 cases without and 33 cases with reoperation; these two groups are treated separately. In patients with intractable pain the following findings were more frequent and may be considered as risk factors: long preoperative period of complaints, discrepancy between sensory findings and level of operation, pronounced osteochondritic changes, extensive surgical intervention, and complaints without adequate neurologic findings. The poorest results after lumber disc surgery are discussed and compared with the literature. PMID- 7259484 TI - [Addiction-like behavior with continuous self-stimulation of the mediothalamic system (author's transl)]. AB - In a patient with postamputation pain a continuous self-stimulation of the mediothalamic system by a chronic deep brain electrode induced a change in behavior, similar to addiction. At the same time various psychological tests (HAWIE, Benton, Hooper-VOT and concentration tests) were significantly disturbed. After interruption of the deep brain stimulation all induced psychic abnormalities normalized within a few days. PMID- 7259486 TI - [An ethological interpretation of stereotypy induced by environmental stimulus (author's transl)]. AB - Stereotyped behavior in the schizophrenic patient is described, provoked by yawning or fragments of this act in the environment. It consists of elements that, in an ethological sense are reminiscent of activities which increase vigilance and cleanse the body. It is suggested that yawning brings about a certain 'mood transfer' which induces this kind of specific stereotyped behavior. The adequacy of an ethological interpretation of these symptoms of disease is briefly discussed. PMID- 7259487 TI - What is general surgery? Who is a general surgeon? PMID- 7259488 TI - Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring in the surgical intensive care unit. Benefits vs difficulties. AB - The process of pulmonary artery pressure monitoring in 50 consecutive patients in the surgical intensive care unit was analyzed to determine the number and types of problems that occurred in relation to the benefit obtained. Twenty-six percent of the patients had a change in their cardiorespiratory therapy and their conditions were improved after the pressure data were obtained. Many technical and interpretative problems that tended to decrease the desirability of using pulmonary artery pressure monitoring were identified. Most problems could be avoided by carefully calibrating the monitor system, clearing the catheter system of air bubbles and blood clots, learning to property interpret pulmonary artery pressure tracings despite large respiratory variations, and obtaining a hard-copy printout of the pressure tracing with the simultaneous ECG signal. A protocol for avoiding many difficulties was developed. PMID- 7259489 TI - Controversial aspects of appendicitis management in children. AB - The areas of controversy in appendicitis management in children include antibiotic usage, drainage of the peritoneal cavity, and closure of contaminated incisions. Our results and bacteriologic data suggest that gentamicin sulfate and clindamycin phosphate should be routinely used in cases of suspected perforation, that only selective and limited use of drains is warranted, and that delayed primary closure should be used in all cases with perforation. PMID- 7259490 TI - Use of dry human and bovine amnion as a biological dressing. AB - A new method of drying and sterilizing the amnion extends the life of the product to more than nine months and enables it to be stored at room temperature. The bovine amnion is unique and the first of its kind, there being no comparable series in the literature, to our knowledge. Bovine amnion has a large surface area and can provide bulk supplies. The membrane as prepared has been tested in 12 rabbits experimentally and in 70 patients of different ages with a variety of surgical lesions, mainly burns. More than 150 applications of the dried amnion have been made as the sole dressing for these patients. The results indicate that amnion, both human and bovine, is quite safe and effective as a biological dressing. The dried material retains all the physical and biological characteristics of the fresh membrane. PMID- 7259491 TI - Mucoid colonic carcinoma as an autosomal-dominant inherited syndrome. AB - An autosomal-dominant mucoid colonic carcinoma syndrome is described. Seventeen members of one family over three generations have experienced cancers, including 14 with adenocarcinoma of the colon. The defective autosomal locus is pleiotropic, producing adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, atypical endometrial hyperplasia, uterine leiomyosarcoma, and bladder transitional and renal cell carcinoma in addition to the mucoid variant of colon carcinoma. PMID- 7259492 TI - Gastric emptying. A comparison of the Heineke-Mikulicz and Finney pyloroplasties with the Ramstedt pyloromyotomy. AB - Roentgenographic complete gastric emptying times using dilute barium were measured in 31 conditioned mongrel dogs (1) under normal or basal conditions, (2) after subdiaphragmatic complete truncal vagotomy, and (3) after four different methods of gastric drainage. The drainage procedures in 24 dogs were divided into four groups of six dogs each: (1) Heineke-Mikulicz two-layer (HM1) pyloroplasty; (3) Finney pyloroplasty (FP); and (4) the Ramstedt pyloromyotomy (RP). Using the same protocol for measuring complete gastric emptying, a fifth group of seven dogs underwent two gastric drainage procedures each: RP followed by subsequent conversion to the HM1. The statistical comparison to these procedures for adequacy of gastric drainage demonstrated no significant differences or superiority of any procedure in the groups of animals tested. PMID- 7259493 TI - The effect of sensing site on the limb segmental blood pressure determination. AB - The effect of the sensing site on upper-thigh blood pressure readings was studied. We used a multisensing mercury strain gauge (MSG) plethysmographic method and Doppler ultrasound to monitor the upper-thigh blood pressure from the posterior tibial artery and compared the results with those from the popliteal artery. Upper-thigh pressures were measured in 30 limbs of 15 normal subjects and in 60 limbs of 35 patients with multilevel peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Upper-thigh pressures sensed from a thigh MSG placed just distally to the pressure cuff and monitored by the popliteal artery Doppler probe were significantly higher than the upper-thigh pressure readings obtained from an MSG placed on the calf or toe and monitored by a posterior tibial artery Doppler probe in patients with multilevel arterial lesions. In the control group, no significant pressure differences were found. The importance of placing the sensor (MSG or Doppler probe) close to the pressure cuff is critical to obtain accurate thigh pressures in patients with multilevel arterial occlusive disease. Otherwise, erroneous diagnoses, such as nonexistent aortiliac or common femoral artery stenosis, may be made. PMID- 7259494 TI - Enterorectal and colorectal anastomosis. Evaluation of techniques including midtransverse or left-sided colon tube colostomy and pelvic drainage. AB - One-stage rectal anastomoses performed in 235 patients by one surgeon were studied. Of numerous techniques used to reduce anastomotic leakage, active suction drainage to remove presacral-space fluid accumulation was the most effective. Leakage developed in 11 (6.9%) of 160 patients whose conditions were managed without suction drainage or transverse or descending colon tube colostomy. In only one (1.1%) of 89 patients treated by one or both modalities did a leak develop. Seventy-two patients receiving suction drainage or both modalities had no leakage. Recorded suction drainage amounts and absence of leakage in these 72 patients support the contention that infected presacral accumulations of fluid are the most important cause of postoperative anastomotic dehiscence after rectal anastomosis. In 71 patients receiving tube colostomy, the tube site closed spontaneously following tube removal. No deaths from leakage occurred in either group. PMID- 7259495 TI - Exteriorized repair in the management of colon injuries. AB - In an attempt to reduce septic complications following colonic injury in penetrating abdominal trauma, we tested the efficacy of the exteriorized repair, also known as primary repair and exteriorization of the injured colonic segment. From June 1973 to August 1979, 50 patients with colonic injuries suitable for exteriorized repair were entered into this study. Their ages ranged from 4 to 47 years; 42 were male, eight, female. Thirty-eight had gunshot wounds, 12 had stab wounds. The majority had various associated injuries, but only five were in shock. In 33 patients (66%) the colonic wounds successfully healed and the exteriorized loop was returned into the peritoneal cavity within 14 days. In 17 patients (34%), fecal leakage developed at the repair site and the exteriorized loops were converted into colostomies without sepsis. There was no mortality and a low complication rare (18%). This method of management for selected patients has a special merit in combining the safety of exteriorization with the economy of primary repair. PMID- 7259496 TI - Greenfield filter in renal transplant patients. AB - Renal transplant patients in whom deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (PE) develop usually respond to heparin sodium treatment. A small percentage of transplant patients will require vena caval filter placement to prevent recurrent PE, and this report details our experience with two patients. In one patient there was contraindication to heparin, and in the other, a massive recurrent PE. Greenfield filters were inserted transvenously in these patients and found to be well tolerated. There was no evidence of renal compromise, recurrent PE, or other complications. Follow-up venograms confirmed the presence of patent vena cavas with properly positioned filtered. Autopsy studies subsequently performed confirmed the clinical assessment of each patient's course, and neither patient died of recurrent embolism. PMID- 7259497 TI - Is hepatic portal venous gas an indication for exploratory laparotomy? AB - Three patients with roentgenographic evidence of hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) were hospitalized within a one-month period at one hospital. The abdominal roentgenograms were obtained because the clinical signs of abdominal rigidity, distention, or both were present. Each patient had exploratory laparotomy after the HPVG was seen. During the operations, extensive cyanotic/necrotic bowel was found. The patients died within a few hours after the procedures. These cases bring the total to 67 cases in the retrievable literature. One quarter of the patients described have survived; none of them had extensive bowel necrosis associated with their HPVG. In order to determine the extent of bowel necrosis associated with HPVG, and to determine if treatment is possible, an exploratory laparotomy should be performed. PMID- 7259499 TI - Neutropenic typhlitis in adults. AB - Typhlitis is a necrotizing process of the cecum, occurring in neutropenic patients who are usually receiving combined chemotherapy. The atonic cecum is affected because of its poor arterial perfusion, the presence of colonic bacteria, and the milieu of immunosuppression. It is a serious but not inevitably fatal complication of the patient's basic illness. Resection of necrotic bowel is necessary. Because this will usually be done on an emergency basis in a very ill patient with unprepared bowel, a two-stage procedure rather than primary anastomosis is advisable. Surgical results may be better in adult than pediatric patients. The incidence of the problem has probably increased since the advent of aggressive drug therapy of the leukopathic states. Judging from the low number of reported adult cases and the apparent inaccuracy of preoperative diagnosis, there may be inadequate physician awareness of typhlitis. PMID- 7259500 TI - Pneumothorax attributable to nasogastric tube. PMID- 7259498 TI - Aortoiliac-graft infection. Detection by leukocyte scan. AB - Infection of a vascular synthetic graft in the aortoliac position is a lethal complication of vascular reconstructive surgery. Difficulties in diagnosis and the subsequent delays in treatment are significant factors in the excessive mortality. Currently available diagnostic methods are extremely limited in their ability to detect infection in the retroperitoneal position, particularly at an early stage. A case is reported in which an aortoiliac-graft infection was detected by a leukocyte scan using indium 111 while the infection was at a relatively subtle clinical stage, and possible future application of leukocyte scanning to this difficult diagnostic problem is discussed. PMID- 7259501 TI - Common duct stricture. PMID- 7259502 TI - Burn care in the Third World. PMID- 7259503 TI - Noninvasive detection of carotid stenosis following endarterectomy. AB - Noninvasive diagnostic studies (oculoplethysmography, pulsed Doppler arteriography, and phonoangiography) were used to follow the postoperative courses of 172 patients who had 199 carotid endarterectomies. There were 24 restenotic arteries in 21 patients who underwent 29 operations. Fifteen restenotic lesions in 14 patients were detected solely by noninvasive testing. These patients are being observed closely and remain asymptomatic. One has been operated on for progression of disease. Either transient or permanent neurologic deficits developed in nine as the initial indication of recurrent stenosis or occlusion; three of these subsequently have undergone reoperation. Patients with bilateral disease are at increased risk of restenosis. Routine testing of all patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy is recommended 1, 3, and 12 months postoperatively to detect and observe stenosis on both the side operated on and the contralateral side before clinical symptoms develop. PMID- 7259504 TI - Comparison of above-knee and below-knee anastomosis in femoropopliteal bypass grafts. AB - Experience with 555 femoropopliteal reconstructions was reviewed to evaluate the optimal location of the distal anastomosis. Autogenous vein was employed in 347 (63%) grafts and various prosthetics in 208 (37%). Vein grafts demonstrated marked superiority in late patency (73% at five years) vs prosthetic grafts (35% at five years). Below-knee (BK) anastomosis resulted in slightly better long-term patency in the vein graft group. In contrast, above-knee (AK) anastomosis was clearly preferable when prosthetic grafts were employed, particularly in patients with poor runoff or limb-threatening ischemia. The incidence of major amputation was greater following failure of BK grafts, reflecting the fact that a greater proportion of such grafts were done for limb salvage. However, failure of BK grafts did not appear to alter the level of amputation as compared with failed AK grafts. PMID- 7259505 TI - Intraoperative arteriography in femoropopliteal and femorotibial bypass grafts. AB - We reviewed our experience with intraoperative arteriography following femoropopliteal and femorotibial reconstruction during a five-year period beginning in January 1975. During 171 of 250 procedures an intraoperative arteriogram was performed. In nine (5.2%) instances, a correctable abnormality was detected. These consisted of three cases of distal anastomotic stenoses, two cases of intimal flaps, three cases of poor inflow, and one case of clot. Intraoperative arteriography may reveal a correctable abnormality in 5% of femoropopliteal and femorotibial bypass grafts and thus prevent early graft failure. The false-positive rate was 0.06%. In our experience, routine intraoperative arteriography has been a safe, easy to perform, and effective method of assessing technical problems in femoropopliteal and femorotibial reconstruction. PMID- 7259506 TI - The advantage of early operation for abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - Factors affecting mortality in 493 consecutive patients undergoing operation for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) over a five-year period were analyzed. Cases were divided into three categories, based on clinical appearance: asymptomatic, symptomatic but unruptured, and ruptured. Patient age, relevant associated diseases, aneurysm size, conduct of the operation, mortality, and causes of death were reviewed and compared. Characteristics related to mortality were patient age and aneurysm size. In patients under 70 years of age, operated on electively, mortality was under 1% (two deaths in 242 patients). There were no deaths in 67 patients with aneurysms measuring 5 cm or less. Mortality increased as the aneurysms became larger and the patient older. We believe that elective operation for small asymptomatic aneurysms in younger patients will result in further reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with repair of AAAs. PMID- 7259507 TI - Generalized arteriomegaly. A possible predisposition to the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - Studies of patients with arteriomegaly have suggested that an increased incidence of aneurysms occurs in patients with unusually large arteries. However, as far as we know, a study of comparative arterial sites in consecutive patients with aneurysms has not been reported previously. We have compared the diameters of the suprarenal abdominal aortas and iliac arteries in concurrent consecutive series of 12 male patients with aneurysms and 12 male patients with atherosclerotic occlusive disease. These vessels remote from the aneurysms were 40% to 48% larger in diameter in the aneurysmal group by both angiography and direct measurement. In addition, the patients with aneurysms were found to be taller and to have a greater mean body surface area. Possible implications of these findings relevant to the pathogenesis of aneurysms are suggested. PMID- 7259508 TI - Rapid control in ruptured abdominal aneurysms. AB - Rapid control of a ruptured abdominal aneurysm can be achieved under local anesthesia by passing a Fogarty catheter, 8/22 F, retrograde from either femoral artery up into the thoracic aorta and inflating the balloon after administering heparin to the patient. This method avoids the often fatal hypotension that may occur with induction of general anesthesia in the hypovolemic patient. In cases in which the Fogarty catheter cannot pass up the iliac artery, direct insertion of the catheter through the aneurysm can be used, but this method requires the induction of general anesthesia prior to aortic control. PMID- 7259509 TI - Anatomic localization of atherosclerotic lesions by hemodynamic tests. AB - Use of noninvasive tests to assess the severity of lower-extremity occlusive lesions is generally accepted. To evaluate the effectiveness of noninvasive vascular-laboratory tests in locating atherosclerotic lesions, the results of hemodynamic studies in 100 patients were reviewed by both skilled observers and a vascular computer, and compared with angiograms. The results of the comparison suggest a remarkable sensitivity of the vascular-laboratory tests in locating significant arterial obstructions, and underscore that the great predictive value of a negative results gives the physician reliable information on the patency of a given arterial segment. Computer interpretation proved less accurate than that of the vascular-laboratory personnel. PMID- 7259510 TI - Intraoperative prereconstruction arteriography. AB - Intraoperative arteriography was performed in 57 patients undergoing arterial reconstructive surgery of the lower extremity prior to selection of the site for the distal anastomosis. In 42 patients (74%), this procedure proved to be of significant benefit. Prereconstructive intraoperative arteriography influenced surgery for seven patients in the following ways: (1) two patients had visualization of vessels not demonstrated on the preoperative arteriogram; and (2) five patients had demonstration of occlusive disease that favored selection of a more distal site of anastomosis. In the remaining 35 patients, the tibial vessels and arch were visualized more clearly, so that the degree and extent of disease were better appreciated. This may have important prognostic significance. On postreconstructive arteriography, an additional five patients were shown to have an anastomotic defect that was corrected in the operating room. Intraoperative arteriography is a rapid, safe, and simple procedure that should be considered as an adjunct in reconstructive surgery of the lower extremity. PMID- 7259511 TI - Malnutrition in veterans administration surgical patients. Updated standards. AB - A prospective nutritional assessment of 106 hospitalized Veterans Administration surgical patients was performed; 60 healthy, age-matched outpatient veterans were studied for controls. Standard biochemical and anthropometric indices were measured. Malnutrition was defined for each index as a value more than 2 SD below the mean established from the VA control population, the values from which were also compared with conventionally accepted published standards of malnutrition. Striking discrepancies in the incidence of abnormal nutritional indices in our patients were observed, depending on which standard was used. The frequencies of abnormal in our surgical patients using VA control values or published norms, respectively, were: albumin level, 43% vs 19%; hematocrit value, 38% vs 27%; total iron-binding capacity, 30% vs 37%; arm muscle circumference, 11% vs 0%; and triceps skin fold, 19% vs 35%. Future studies of nutritional assessment in hospitalized patients should use control subjects closely related to the target population in age and other demographic variables. PMID- 7259512 TI - Ionized calcium concentration and cardiovascular function after cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Patients who required cardiopulmonary bypass were studied to determine the postoperative incidence of hypocalcemia and to quantify the effects of intravenous (IV) calcium chloride on ionized calcium (Ca++) concentration in blood and on cardiac function. Patients either received no calcium chloride postoperatively (control), or received it as an intermittent IV bolus (5 mg/kg) or as a constant infusion (0.5 mg/kg/min) whenever Ca++ concentration was less than 1.8 mEq/L. Hemodynamic profiles were determined every 15 minutes during the first two postoperative hours. Regardless of Ca++ concentration and therapy, cardiac indices, stroke indices, and vascular resistances of all patients never differed significantly. No variable changed consistently, other than Ca++ concentration, in those patients receiving calcium chloride. We conclude that postoperative hypocalcemia occurs frequently after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, but not to the degree that would be expected to cause cardiovascular depression, and is readily corrected with IV calcium chloride. Myocardial depression occurred in all patients, but likely resulted from other causes. PMID- 7259514 TI - Acute alcohol ingestion and platelet function. AB - A substantial number of severely injured patients are under the influence of alcohol, making it important to understand the effects of acute alcoholic intoxication on the clotting mechanism. Twenty healthy volunteers ingested commercial liquor over a four-hour period and were observed for another three hours. Peak blood alcohol levels were above 200 mg/dL in four subjects and between 100 and 200 mg/dL in 12. Platelet counts, platelet aggregation, and bleeding times were not significantly altered over the seven hours. This study demonstrates that acute alcoholic intoxication in healthy persons does not alter platelet function. PMID- 7259515 TI - Prearterial reversed midgut rotation. A rare congenital anomaly. AB - A patient with a right-sided descending colon, left-sided ascending colon, and transverse colon in front of the superior mesenteric artery is described. We believe that this is only the second case of "prearterial" reversed midgut rotation existing with normally situated stomach and liver. The best explanation for these relationships seems to be (a) anomalous positioning of the primitive midgut-hindgut junction right of midline; (b) ensuing midgut rotation in a reversed, or clockwise, direction. PMID- 7259513 TI - Heparin. Efficacy and safety after arterial operations. AB - Hemorrhage is the most serious side effect of heparin sodium use. Under several circumstances, one may need to administer heparin to patients who have had recent peripheral vascular operations. Avoiding an inordinate number of hemorrhagic complications is mandatory after such operations. Side effects appear to be minimized by administering heparin by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion. Nineteen patients with recent peripheral vascular operations were given heparin by continuous IV infusion. A known hemorrhagic complication developed in only one. The degree of hemorrhage was mild and did not necessitate cessation of treatment with heparin. None of the patients whose mean activated partial thromboplastin times were in the therapeutic range experienced thrombotic complications while receiving heparin. PMID- 7259517 TI - Management of moderate lymphedema. AB - Moderate chronic lymphedema generally requires a different program of management than mild or massive lymphedema. It responds well to a special management regimen based on home use of an intermittent limb compressor and utilization of proper compression support when the patient is not in the recumbent position. PMID- 7259516 TI - Effect of cimetidine on serum calcium levels in an elderly patient. AB - A 92-year-old woman with a normal serum calcium level received cimetidine postoperatively. She became severely hypocalcemic and exhibited tetany, seizures, and impaired mental status. Her condition responded to intravenous diazepam, phenytoin sodium, and gluconate calcium. Normal serum calcium levels were maintained by calcium infusions until the cimetidine treatment was stopped. Cimetidine may have been responsible for the observed complications due to its effect on serum parathyroid hormone level. PMID- 7259518 TI - Conversion of jejunoileal bypass to gastric bypass. PMID- 7259519 TI - A rare cause of abdominal distention during pregnancy. PMID- 7259520 TI - Underreporting of postsplenectomy sepsis. PMID- 7259522 TI - [Quantitative analysis of citations of scientific papers from the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Medicine]. PMID- 7259521 TI - [Effect of copper status on reproductive performance and milk yield of female cattle in two copper deficient habitats. Effect of supplemental copper feeding on copper status]. AB - The influence of a nutrition poor in Cu on the copper status of dairy cows was investigated with and without Cu-supplementation through the mineral mixture typical of the territory and enriched with Cu. The roughage produced in the territory investigated contained less than 8.0 mg Cu/kg and did not guarantee a Cu supply of the dairy cows meeting their needs. Feeding the mineral mixture rich in Cu improved the Cu-status of the dairy cows, did, however, in one of the territories not result in a Cu-incorporation in the liver that meets the needs. Possibly the reason for this divergent behaviour is an oversufficient S- and Fe supply. In contrast to this, the Cu-content of the cerebrum of the cows in both territories showed the effect of the Cu in the mineral mixture. PMID- 7259523 TI - [Psychiatric aspects of poisoning]. PMID- 7259524 TI - [Occupational asthma. I. General aspects and criteria, pathogenesis and classification]. PMID- 7259527 TI - [Seasonal effect on the concentration of sulfur dioxide and sulfate particles in the air]. PMID- 7259525 TI - [Neurologic dysfunction of the urinary bladder in the manufacture of polyurethane]. PMID- 7259526 TI - Orciprenaline chronic effect in byssinosis. PMID- 7259528 TI - [Ischemic heart disease, circulatory diseases and kidney diseases in a population living near a lead smelter]. PMID- 7259529 TI - [Reaction of various pralidoximes with ammine pentacyanoferrate (II) ions]. PMID- 7259530 TI - [Occupational asthma. II. Inorganic occupational allergens and inorganic stimulators of bronchoconstriction]. PMID- 7259531 TI - Lipids and lipoproteins in hyperlipidemia type IIa during treatment with different lipid lowering drugs. AB - In the present study we examined the effect of different lipid lowering drugs on lipids and lipoproteins in hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa. We have treated over 24 weeks 10 patients with 900 mg beta-pyridylcarbinol daily, 11 patients with 3 g of xantinolnicotinate, 4 patients with 600 mg bezafibrate daily and 10 patients with a combination of 2.4 g inositolnicotinate and 1.5 g clofibrate daily. One patient with familial hypercholesterolemia (untreated total cholesterol 800 mg%) received a combined drug treatment during 5 years. Total cholesterol decreased to 200 mg%, mainly due to decreases in LDL-cholesterol. However in HDL significant decreases of about 50% could be observed. Treatment with the four different drugs showed significant decrements in low density lipoproteins (LDL) whereas an increase of protective high density lipoproteins could not be observed. PMID- 7259532 TI - Serum lipids and lipoproteins in health children 11 to 14 years of age: age dependency and tracking. PMID- 7259533 TI - Serum lipoproteins in patients with clinical signs of atherosclerosis: peripheral vascular and coronary heart disease. AB - Lipid and lipoproteins were examined in 7 males patients with coronary heart disease, 10 males with coronary heart and peripheral vascular disease, 25 males with peripheral vascular disease and 10 females with peripheral vascular disease aged between 50-60 years. In general our results demonstrate that in all patients with different locations of atherosclerosis elevated concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides can be found. However low HDL cholesterol levels measured in all groups should be pointed out. From our data it is concluded that there does not exist a typical lipid or lipoprotein pattern in patients with different locations of atherosclerosis. Only minor differences exist concerning the concentrations of the major lipids and lipoproteins. PMID- 7259535 TI - Antiatherogenic effect of pyridinolcarbamate (prodectin). Experimental study. AB - The experimental study was performed on Wistar rats fed on atherogenic diet for 16 months, the last 70 days of which they were given Prodectin. The study included also Chinchilla rabbits fed on cholesterol-rich diet (CRD) and Prodectin for 5 months. The data obtained showed that the continuous application of Prodectin inhibited the development of cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis both in rats and rabbits. The decrease of plasma lipids, the increased activity of the Krebs cycle enzymes as well as the lowered ADP-platelet aggregation and the decreased endothelial permeability to the pre-beta-like particles suggests a complex mechanism of Prodectin antiatherogenic action. This mechanism probably includes and activation of biological oxidation and bioenergetics, an increase of cAMP in the vascular wall, resp. a decrease of contractility of endothelial cells; an inhibition of thrombotic processes and of lipoprotein infiltration of the arterial wall. PMID- 7259534 TI - Clinical experience with bezafibrate. AB - We report on 41 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia (type IIa, IIb and IV) treated with 450 to 600 mg of bezafibrate for 12 months. Placebo periods of 8 weeks surrounded the treatment period. In types IIa and IIb total cholesterol decreased by up to 18,7%, triglycerides to 34,6%. In type IV serum triglycerides decreased up to 48,2 and cholesterol by 12,2%. In a second investigation we differentiated the cholesterol- and triglyceride-values of 16 patients regularly controlled. We found a significant decrease during the treatment period. Bezafibrate is a potent lipid-lowering agent of the new generation. PMID- 7259536 TI - Alimentary induced changes in the plasma and the liver lipoproteins. AB - The object of the present study are the quantitative and qualitative changes of the main plasma and liver lipoproteins (LP) under the influence of diets rich in: pure cholesterol (A); egg yolk (CEY); both cholesterol and egg yolk (AEY). The experiments were made on Wistar rats for 6 1/2 months. The data obtained indicated: 1. The A resulted in an increase of plasma VLDL-cholesterol, but the most considerable changes took place in the liver LDL, whose contents of cholesterol (Ch) and triacylglycerols (TG1) was higher than that of control group. The liver VLDL-Ch and VLDL-TG1 were quite low. In plasma and liver FFA and bulk of saturated and monounsaturated FA was increased; 2. The CEY resulted in a significant increase of the plasma LDL and VLDL-Ch as well as in a decrease of HDL-Ch without influencing significantly of FA-pattern of FFA as esterified Ch; 3. The AEY resulted in changes of plasma and liver LP which resembled either A or CEY groups, but in some cases and entirely new station was reached (e.g. a considerable decrease of HDL-Ch). However AEY-induced changes though more expressed, were more susceptible to a regression than those induced by pure cholesterol. PMID- 7259537 TI - Study of monotypism in atherosclerotic lesions from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) heterozygotes. PMID- 7259538 TI - [Research work of students in departments of human anatomy and operative surgery with topographic anatomy]. PMID- 7259539 TI - [Postnatal histogenesis of the ependymal layer of the human spinal cord and its organogenetic transformation]. AB - The structure and histochemistry of the ependymal layer in the spinal cord were studied light optically and electron microscopically at the age of birth up to 96 years in 200 persons of both sex died from various trauma. At 18-20 years of age in the lumbar part (L1-L5), as a result of the subependymal cells proliferation, an abundantly innervated and vascularized intraspinal organ is formed, which has the connective tissue stroma and ectoglial parenchyma. The parenchymal cells are rich in active oxidoreductases and phosphatases, with a well represented granular endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, laminar complex and electron opaque inclusions in them, their dynamic changes being connected with the production of Gomori-positive secretion. Certain changes are mentioned in the development of the organ: the initial, early, completed formation and the period of involution. PMID- 7259540 TI - [Microcirculatory bed of the dura mater of the human spinal cord]. PMID- 7259541 TI - [Is there an intestinal lymphatic trunk in man?]. AB - As the analysis of the literature demonstrates, in spite of a rather wide use of the term "tr. intestinalis" and its inclusion into the PNA, it is still not clear what should be understood under this term concerning the human being. It has been stated, by means of coloured mass injections into the efferent lymphatic vessels of the hepatic, celiac and superior mesenteric lymph nodes, that there is no common efferent lymphatic trunk as a result of fusion of these vessels mentioned above. The efferent lymphatic vessels of the hepatic and celiac lymph nodes terminate in the lumbar lymph nodes; 92.1% of the efferent lymphatic vessels of the superior mesenteric lymph nodes also terminate in the lumbar lymph nodes and only 7.9% of these vessels terminate in the thoracic duct or in one of its roots. Thus, there is no classical lymphatic intestinal trunk (middle root of the thoracic duct) collecting lymph from all abdominal organs and discharging into the thoracic duct. PMID- 7259542 TI - [V. M. Shimkevich's principle of methorisis and its relation to the evolutionary dynamics of the esophageal epithelium of fish]. AB - In 31 species of Teleostei and Chondrostei a possibility to apply the principle of methorisis (displacement of borders between embryonic germs and, respectively, between their tissue derivatives) to the epithelial layer of the esophagus in these vertebrates has been considered. Appearance of the esophageal capillary networks is connected with the phenomenon of displacement. It is noted that food does not evidently affect directly the esophageal epithelium. Simultaneously, peculiarities in the structure of the esophageal epithelium of some Teleostei and Chondrostei are observed. PMID- 7259543 TI - [Effect of acute physical stress on changes in the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle fibers]. AB - Peculiarities of muscle fibres having various functional profile were investigated in the white rat anterior tibial muscle at an intensive physical work (running in the tread-wheel up to fatigue). Electron microscopy and stereomorphometric methods were applied. In the muscle fibres studied certain ultrastructural changes took place affecting both the energetic and the contractile-myofibrillar apparatuses. In the marginal, and especially in the white fibres an essential dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (its volumetric part) was observed with decreasing relative volume of mitochondria and a sharp drop in glycogen content. In both types of the fibres (more pronounced in the white ones) intercellular edema, destruction in some mitochondria, focal disturbance in organzation of myofibrils were noted. All these phenomena should be considered as a responsive, or rather, adaptive reaction to the streess situation which urgently mobilizes all the reserves up to their complete exhaustion PMID- 7259544 TI - [Visual estimation of the glycogen content of liver cells with simultaneous statistical control]. AB - Estimation is performed in stipulated units per every "probe" out of several hundreds, which are selected in randomly taken fields of observations by means of a special ocular grid. After discrete marks have been converted into continuous ones (by means of averaging per every 25 probes) confidential intervals and reliability of the mean mark are calculated. PMID- 7259545 TI - [Development of the papillary designs of human fingers]. AB - In 22 human embryos and fetuses from 6 to 36 weeks of age successive formation of papillary patterns in the distal phalanges of the fingers have been studied. It has been stated that the papillary pattern begins forming with definition of its typical model, that is the central fragment of the pattern appears the first; the delta formation completes the process. The central fragment of the pattern is distinctly seen in the 16-17-week-old, and the delta-in the 22-24-week-old fetuses. PMID- 7259546 TI - [Certain anatomical explanations for the symptoms of Costen's syndrome]. AB - An attempt is made to explain certain variability for display of Costen's syndrome. For this purpose, in 20 macerated skulls of mature persons certain structural peculiarities of separate elements of the temporomandibular joint (distance from the center of recess of the articular fossa up to the anterior area of the petrotympanic fissure, thickness of the tympanic part at the beginning of the fissure, its length and width at either side) have been studied. An essential individual variability of diameters is noted. In the group of persons where the measurements are taken from the right side, a greater right sided variability for the length of the fissure is noted, and for the distance from the center of the recess of the articular fossa up to the petrotympanic fissure-the least absolute size is noted. PMID- 7259547 TI - [Use of aluminum-formaldehyde to demonstrate catecholamines in cryostatic sections]. PMID- 7259548 TI - [Morphofunctional method for studying microcirculation and an instrument for performing it]. PMID- 7259549 TI - [Neuroarchitectonics and interneuronal connections as a basis for somatotopic organization of the human cerebral cortex]. AB - Fields 4, 3, 1 of the mature brain (8 cases) have been studied by means of Kluver Barrer's, Golgi's and Peters' methods. Neuroarchitectonics of the areas studied in the human neocortex can be presented as a continuous series of neuronal ensambles, each of them occupying, in the cortical space, the figure of the cylinder, or that of the upset truncated cone and consisting of interconnected groups of the pyramidal cell columns; along their periphery the stellate element columns are situated. Some new facts concerning the structure of the myelinated axon are discovered and in the pyramidal and stellate neurons a new type of contact "to itself" is stated -- a dendro-somatic one. It is stated that various connections along the vertical make the prevailed type of connections in the neuronal ensamble. They form, in every cellular column, successive-parallel chains of switching where every preceding cell is not only reciprocally connected with every subsequent one, but any pyramidal neuron is connected with every element composing the chain. It is possible to suppose, proceeding from the presence of such chains of switching, that every cellular column is a single block, all its neurons, despite the heteromodal afferentation they obtain, should function synchronously integrating unitypical responses. It has been stated that the cellular columns included into the neuronal ensamble are united with each other by reciprocal and horizontally running connections and by afferent conductors. As a result, a single integrative mechanism is formed, with a unique result of efficiency. Since every neuronal ensamble is a specific and unique (concerning its neuronal composition and connections) system, the response of the system in question should be not only unitypical, but possess a fine peculiar differentiation, that is neuronal ensambles are specific morpho-functional units in the somatotopic organization of the human motor cortex. PMID- 7259550 TI - [Connections between the claustrum and cerebral cortex in cats: study by the retrograde horseradish peroxidase axon transport method]. AB - The experiments were performed on 13 mature cats by injecting horseradish peroxidase (HP) (0.4 mcl 30--40% water solution) into one of cerebral cortical areas (motor, premotor, I and II somatosensory, anterior parietal, orbitofrontal, acoustic and vestibular). HP-positive neurons were observed in the dorsal claustrum only when HP was injected into the somatosensory zone -- the area for representing posterior parts of the body and extremities, and also when HP was injected into the anterior parietal associative zone of the cerebral cortex. PMID- 7259551 TI - [Ultrastructural organization of projection zones AI and AIV of the cat auditory cortex to the inferior colliculi]. AB - By the method of anterograde degeneration, distribution of projections of functionally definite AI and AIV zones of the cat auditory cortex have been studied in the posterior calculi of the tectum opticum. It has been demonstrated electron microscopically that an essentially part of the degenerating boutons are found in the middle and caudal thirds of the colliculi, and the remaining ones terminate on the dendrites with large- and middle-size diameters and on the spines. A supposition is made that there exist two systems of the corticofugal auditory fibres. Peculiarities of the degenerative rates, specific for short- and long-axonal systems of the fibres and possible mechanisms for the influence of the auditory cortex on the neurons of the posterior colliculi of the tectum opticum are discussed. PMID- 7259552 TI - [Problem of stability of adrenergic nerve plexuses within the isolated heart]. AB - The adrenergic neural plexuses of the rat and dog hearts are incubated in glyoxylic acid to study them 5 and 6 hours after their isolation. It has been stated that about one-third of the adrenergic neural plexuses are preserved by the end of the experiment demonstrating their tolerance when the organ is isolated. While performing physiological observations with isolated hearts, it is necessary to take into account a relative preservation of the sympathetic neural component. PMID- 7259553 TI - [Optical and electron microscopic analysis of changes in loach myocardium after local heart injuries]. AB - The myocardium of the cardiac ventricle was studied light optically and electron microscopically in the loach (Misgurnus fossilis). After the cardiac wall was cut, it could be observed that the wound was filling with a blood clot, the muscular tissue of its edges was in the state of necrosis and necrobiosis, richly infiltrated with the blood forming elements. The tissue mentioned was surrounded with a bordering zone, its cells were undergoing peculiar reversible distrophic and reactive changes. On the 5--7th day after the injury, in the bordering zone, a reversible development of the distrophic changes and a partial structural dedifferentiation of the cardiomyocytes occurred and, as the result, they acquired a resemblance with the cells of the embryonal myocardium. In myocytes all the stages on formation of the contractile system and hypertrophy of the preserving myofibrils could be observed. In no experiment the muscular tissue was newly formed; local regeneration of the cardiac muscle in the place of its destruction did not occur. The integrity of the cardiac wall was restored at the expense of the connective tissue. PMID- 7259554 TI - [Myocardial capillarity of white rats during high-altitude hypoxia]. AB - In 128 mature white rats (males) after adaptation for 1--45 days, to 4,000 m altitude (North-West Pamir, Glasier Fortambek), weight characteristics of the heart were estimated (capillary diameters, their network density per 1 mm2 of the section summing length and volume in 1 mm3 of the right and left ventricular myocardium. Since the 21st day of the animals' staying at the altitute mentioned, a stable increase in the ventricular index occurs demonstrating a predominant right ventricular hyperfunction; the blood capillary volume in the left ventricular myocardium, during the whole time of the experiment, remains at the control levels, at the expense of the concomitant changes in the diameter and density. The blood capillary volume in the right ventricular myocardium, beginning from the first day of the experiment, increase essentially; this increase was kept up to the 14th day of the experiment, but, nevertheless, it remains at the control levels, at the expense of the concomitant changes in the diameter and density. The blood capillary volume in the right ventricular myocardium, beginning from the first day of the experiment, increase essentially; this increase was kept up to the 14th day of the experiment, but, nevertheless, it remains at the control levels, at the expense of the concomitant changes in the diameter and density. The blood capillary volume in the right ventricular myocardium, beginning from the first day of the experiment, increase essentially; this increase was kept up to the 14th day of the experiment, but, nevertheless, it did not exceed the volume indices of the left ventricular capillaries. PMID- 7259556 TI - [Nucleoli of mesothelial cells during regeneration after injuries inflicted at different times of the day]. AB - Quantitative changes in nucleoli of the mesothelial cells of the rabbit parietal peritoneum have been studied under regeneration when trauma is performed at 8--10 or at 20--22 o'clock. The animals are killed every 3 h after the operation, for 5 days. The nucleoli are studied continuously along 12.8 mm from the edge of the defect in film preparations. Under conditions of posttraumatic regeneration in the mesothelium the number of cells containing 2--3 nucleoli increases. It is connected with the process of synthesis activation which has a wave-like character in time and space. Dynamics of changes in the number of the nucleoli depends on the time when the operation is performed. The operation performed in the morning provokes more intensive and rhythmical reaction. It corresponds to the dynamics of mitotic activity which is also subjected to greater effects of the circadian mechanisms after morning performance of the operation. PMID- 7259555 TI - [Ultrastructure of rat skeletal muscle fibers during prolonged static loading]. AB - Ultrastructural characteristics of the rat skeletal muscle fibers was studied under a prolonged static loading. Disruption of the mitochondrial membranes, desintegration and lysis of myofibrils, desorganization of the T-system and Z bands were revealed. Destructive processes were accompanied with the physiological reparative regeneration evidenced by a large number of polysomes and accumulation of myofibrils at the peripheral zone of the muscle fibre. The satellite cells with poorly developed organells were revealed in cytoplasm. Mitotic figures were present in the satellite cells. Clusters of the satellite cells were revealed in the interstitial connective tissue with their successive differentiation into mature muscle fibres. Possible mechanisms of the skeletal muscle fibre formation were discussed. PMID- 7259557 TI - [Ultrastructural analysis of reactive changes in the myocardium upon embryo exposure to an alkylating agent]. AB - Subcellular reaction of certain structural components in the chick embryo myocardium to a single dose of the alkylating cyclophosphamide compound has been studied electron microscopically. It has been stated that the muscle cell edema, desorganization of the intracellular organells, reactions of the lysosomal apparatus occur in the myocardium. Two types of the cardiac muscle cell edema are revealed: 1) without any disturbance in intracellular organells; 2) with their advanced desorganization. Cells in the capillary endothelium are affected simultaneously to the muscle cells of the myocardium. Regenerative processes result in normalization of ultramicroscopical structure of the muscle cells. The subcellular reaction of the embryonal myocardium is characterized by a rapid course of the destructive and regenerative processes. PMID- 7259558 TI - [Morphology of the circulatory and lymphatic beds of the liver in experimental burns]. AB - Vascular reaction of the liver has been studied in dogs, died and sacrificed during various periods of the burn disease; quantitative characteristics of vascular changes are presented. The data obtained demonstrate that during the whole course of the disease there is a sharp hepatic plethora and sinusoid dilatation demonstrated to a greater extent in the died than in the sacrificed animals. A prolonged capillary congestion (took place in the died animals) is accompanied by more pronounced tissue changes (in comparison with the sacrificed animals) in the form of large foci of albuminous dystrophy and necrotic processes. A suggestion is made that such morphological indices as sharp dilatation of the interlobular arteries and sinuses with pronounced phenomena of plethora, thrombosis of the portal vein branches, large focal hemorrhage could be considered as critical points in adaptation of the peripheral circulation. PMID- 7259559 TI - [Microdissection study of nephron growth during compensatory renal hypertrophy and postnatal ontogeny in rats]. AB - Unilateral nephrectomy stimulates renal growth with preservation of linear dependence between its mass and that of the body as it is observed in normally growing rats. Increase in the renal mass by 50% at compensatory hypertrophy is depended on a proportional growth of nephrons and their segments. In young rats during the period of the most intensive development (1--2 month of age) the renal weight increases by 100% and the length of nephron -- by 30%. The data obtained demonstrate that renal hypertrophy develops, mainly, at the expense of growth of the nephrons and their segments. PMID- 7259560 TI - [Morphometry of anatomical objects using holographic interferometric technics]. AB - Theoretical basis and results on application of holographic interferometry methods to certain area of the functional and applied anatomy are presented. The possibility to use some topographic methods and methods to study deformities are demonstrated in order to investigate functional characteristics of the circulatory vessels, certain skeletal bones, as well as to apply them in practical medicine, especially in stomatology. A precise quantitative information, obtained by means of the holographic interferometry, surves as an essential supplement to some known methods of biological morphology. PMID- 7259561 TI - Lung toxicity resulting from exposure to nitrogen dioxide: a possible occurrence due to Titan Missle accidents. PMID- 7259562 TI - Intravenous cerebral angiography: early clinical experience. PMID- 7259563 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of male erectile dysfunction. PMID- 7259564 TI - Thyroid function tests in nonthyroidal illness are diagnostically and prognostically important. PMID- 7259566 TI - Diagnostic electron microscopy. PMID- 7259565 TI - Diagnostic imaging dilemma: guidelines in decision making for the primary care physician. PMID- 7259568 TI - Guidelines for the serodiagnosis of acute viral hepatitis. PMID- 7259569 TI - Needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules. PMID- 7259567 TI - Muscle biopsy: recent advances in diagnostic techniques. PMID- 7259570 TI - Holistic medicine: is it all good? PMID- 7259571 TI - Where should the accent in continuing medical education be placed? PMID- 7259572 TI - [Various epidemiologic and genetic aspects of congenital cardiopathies]. PMID- 7259573 TI - [Analysis of the diastolic function of the left ventricle. Mechanisms and clinical implications]. PMID- 7259574 TI - [Pericarditis in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7259575 TI - [The artificial pacemaker and dependency]. PMID- 7259576 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of endomyocardial fibrosis]. PMID- 7259577 TI - [Experimental Chagas disease in dogs. Morphologic and electrocardiographic relations in the acute phase of the infection]. PMID- 7259578 TI - [The 2d heart sound in the Eisenmenger syndrome]. PMID- 7259580 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta]. PMID- 7259579 TI - [Acute rheumatic involvement of the 4 cardiac valves in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 7259581 TI - [Sudden coronary death: what can be done to reduce it]. PMID- 7259582 TI - [Prolonged administration of propafenon in the treatment of premature ventricular beats. Evaluation by dynamic (Holter) electrocardiography]. PMID- 7259583 TI - Cell-mediated and humoral immunity in West syndrome. AB - The immunological status of five children with West syndrome consequent to previous cerebral lesions was investigated. Three children had West syndrome and two were in transition from West to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. All of them showed cellular immunological deficiencies in the following tests: sensitization to DNCB, intracutaneous reaction to PHA, inhibition of leucocyte migration, blastic transformation of lymphocytes, T and B lymphocytes in peripheric blood and levels of serum immunoglobulins. These immunological deficiencies, of different degrees of severity, were associated to frequent infections in these children. A possible association between the immunological deficiencies and autoimmunity is discussed. PMID- 7259584 TI - Moyamoya disease: CT scan study of a Brazilian-born Japanese girl. PMID- 7259585 TI - [Epileptic crisis induced by food intake: report of a case]. AB - The case of one 23 year-old girl who had epileptic manifestations is reported. At first, generalized tonic seizures; afterwards, epileptic seizures precipitated by eating. The electroencephalograms showed left temporal lobe dysfunctions. Different types of drugs were used with no success. The best results were obtained by association of sodium valproate, clonazepam and phenobarbital. Comments are made about clinic and etiopathogenesis, believing the authors in the hypothesis of nervous structures chronic hyperactivity. To Walker the hyperactivity was reached by hormones production under neural control of specific cerebral centers. The continuous bombardment of epileptic discharges to hypothalamic centers is the probably responsible by epileptic seizures precipitated by eating. PMID- 7259586 TI - [Myelopathy caused by histoplasmosis: report of a case]. AB - A case of myelytic syndrome caused by histoplasmosis is reported. The patient had an acute paraparesis with impairment of all types of sensibility at T11-T12 level, with loss of sphincter control. The laminectomy revealed meningeal thickness and granulomatosis, microscopically identified as H. capsulatum. Intrathecal and parenteral therapy with amphotericin B, gave poor results. PMID- 7259587 TI - [Primary intracranial tumors: analysis of a series of consecutive autopsies and biopsies]. AB - A retrospective study of primary intracranial tumors found in 19.760 consecutive autopsies and 72.972 consecutive biopsies during a period of over 41 years was carried out. Two hundred and five neoplasms comprising 69,7% of the primary intracranial tumors were located in the supratentorial compartment whereas 84 tumors (28,6%) were infratentorial in site. Gliomas constituted the largest group of primary tumors comprising 60,9% of the intracranial primary neoplasms. Most of gliomas were found in the cerebral hemispheres, particularly in the frontal lobes. Of the total number of gliomas 40,2% were astrocytomas, 29,6% glioblastomas, 10,6% ependymomas, 10,1% medulloblastomas, 5% oligodendrogliomas and 2,2% choroid plexus papillomas. Meningiomas constituted the second most common primary intracranial tumors being found in 56 cases (19%), most of them in parasagittal region, sphenoid ridge and anterior fossa. In the sella region there were 39 neoplasms including 21 pituitary adenomas, seven meningiomas, five craniopharyngiomas, four epidermoid cysts and two teratomas. Six capillary hemangioblastomas of the cerebellum and two chordomas of the clivus were also found. Sixty-five tumors occurred in patients under 15 years of age, 53,3% of them infratentorial in location--36% in the cerebellum, 9,3% in the brainstem and 8% in the fourth ventricle. The majority of these tumors were astrocytomas, medulloblastomas and ependymomas. The present data are discussed in relation to other pathological series found in the literature. PMID- 7259588 TI - [Spinal tumors: apropos of 100 cases]. AB - One hundred cases of spinal tumors are studied concerning to the histological type, age, topography and evolution of the clinical manifestation. In the given material was identified a predominance of the tumors of the neural tissue and associated structures: neurinomas (16%), meningiomas (15%), ependymomas (4%) and astrocytomas (2%); following metastatic tumors (32%), tumors of mesenchymal tissue (16%): fibroma (2%), lipomas (2%), haemangioblastoma (4%), angiosarcoma (2%), angioma (1%), angioblastoma (1%), chordomas (2%), osteoblastoma (1%) and adamantinoid tumor (1%); tumors of lymphatic and haematopoietic tissue: plasmacytoma (6%), histiocytic lymphoma (3%), lymphocytic lymphoma (2%), Hodgkin (1%) and unclassified lymphomas (1%); teratomas: differentiated teratoma (1%). PMID- 7259589 TI - [Intracerebral hematoma in metastatic tumors: report of 11 cases]. AB - Spontaneous intracerebral haematoma caused by metastatic neoplasms are reported in 11 patients, 8 males and 3 females, with age between 19 and 74 years. We had 7 melanomas, 3 carcinomas and one choriocarcinoma. The presenting symptoms were those of classical spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage with a history of sudden headache, coma or stupor, hemiparesis or hemiplegia or other focal signal, and bloody cerebrospinal fluid. Three patients presented more than one hemorrhagic episodes. In four cases the computerized tomography revealed multiple lesions. Seven patients were operated by large craniotomy with evacuation of the hematoma and in one a cerebral biopsy revealed a melanoma and in the other six a large tumoral mass was removed. The average survival was 39 days. PMID- 7259590 TI - [Peritoneal pseudocysts as a complication of cerebrospinal fluid shunt. Report of 3 cases and contribution for diagnosis]. AB - Three cases of peritoneal pseudocysts are reported with guidelines for the diagnosis of this type of complication. The authors point out the value of the following signs: 1--increase of ventricular pressure with worsening of the clinical picture; 2--localized pain in the abdomen; 3--difficulty to depress the capsule; 4--occurrence of subcutaneous collection of CSF around the pathway of the catheter. In some occasions it is possible to palpate the mass of the pseudocyst. The presence of subcutaneous collection of CSF around the pathway of the catheter is an important warning sign of peritoneal pseudocyst and must be differentiated from that originated by the disconnection between the capsule and the catheter. In this condition however, the accumulation of liquid begins in the cervical region. Also in this case the capsule depresses easily. The most precise diagnosis is achieved by X-Ray. The authors describe a method that consists in introducing a needle through the capsule and injecting 8cc of Dimer-X contrast. The catheter and the cavity of pseudo-cyst appear contrasted in the X-Ray film, establishing the definitive diagnosis. The authors discuss the physiopathology of CSF accumulation; once the pseudocyst is formed, the intracranial pressure increases, and the fontanelle bulges, this leads to repeated pumping by the relatives and subsequent rising of pressure within the pseudo-cyst. At this point the patient refers pain at the location of the pseudo-cyst and the CSF tends to lead around catheter. In babies the abdominal pain leads to crying, thus increasing once more the intra-cystic pressure which favors the leakage of CSF from the pseudo-cyst around the catheter. PMID- 7259591 TI - [Computed tomography in the follow-up of patients with intracranial tumors]. AB - Computed Tomography (CT) has been very useful in the follow-up of patients with brain tumors. Soon after the craniotomy, CT would show any residual tumor if an incomplete excision was done. CT has been essential when one needs to evaluate any deterioration in the patient's neurological status post operatively. In such instances, CT may detect brain edema, hematoma, hydrocephalus and the presence of air. CT findings are more accurate than those obtained from conventional neuroradiology or from intracranial pressure monitoring, being also more innocuous than those methods. Later in the post operative follow-up, CT allows, besides precocious diagnosis of tumor recurrences, a good evaluation of the results obtained by chemiotherapy or radiotherapy. When hydrocephalus is accompanying the primary pathology, ventricular size can be rapidly evaluated by CT. Difficulties may arise when one wishes to differentiate CT images of radionecrosis from tumor recurrences at least in the initial stages. PMID- 7259592 TI - [Virologic studies in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. AB - The effects of intracerebral inoculation of cerebrospinal fluid in mice from 9 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are reported. There were 704 animals inoculated. The results were considered positive when the animals presented difficulties in walking and equilibrating. Cases 1, 2, 6, 7 and 9 were positives in the first passage. In case 1, the positivity was reached from first to fourth passage and in case 6, to third passage. At sight of this results, the possibility of that disease to be caused by slow-virus is discussed. PMID- 7259593 TI - [Paralysis of the conjugated lateral gaze of pontile origin: neuroanatomical discussion of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis]. AB - The case of a patient with paralysis of the lateral gaze to the left, paresis of both eyes when he tried to look upwards and a disfunction of the cerebellum to the left, is reported. During the evolution the paresia of both eyes when the patient looked upwards and the disfunction of the cerebellum disappeared, but the paralysis of the lateral gaze to the left, remained. Later on the patient went a little confuse, did not understand what other persons spoke to him, and speak badly. The necropsy showed one old infarct in the medial longitudinal fasciculus in the left, the same type of lesion in the ventral part of the upper pons which was also to the left and demyelinization of the motor lemniscus of the same side. It was also seen a more recent infarct in the transverse gyrus of the left cerebral hemisphere and also the white matter below it. The study of the medial longitudinal fasciculus by means of the secondary degeneration showed that it was crossed above the 6 degrees nuclei, but was straight to the contrary of what is said about it. The authors also observe that the cells of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal were in chromatolysis. These findings justify the syndrome and the absence of the internuclear anterior ophthalmoplegia to the right. PMID- 7259594 TI - Vitreous fluorophotometry in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. AB - Fifteen patients with various genetic types of retinitis pigmentosa and three carriers of the X-linked recessive type were examined with vitreous fluorophotometry. All patients with retinitis pigmentosa showed abnormally high concentrations of fluorescein within the vitreous that reflected an abnormality of the blood-retinal barrier. The amount of fluorescein within the vitreous correlated with the extent of photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelial disease, as well as with the presence of leakage from retinal capillaries. Vitreous fluorophotometric measurements can show breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in patients with retinitis pigmentosa who have no ophthalmoscopically apparent abnormalities and only minor changes on the electroretinogram (ERG). Furthermore, a breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier can be apparent in carrier of the X-linked recessive from of retinitis pigmentosa, even though the findings from a fundus examination and ERG recordings are normal. PMID- 7259595 TI - Fluorophotometric study of epinephrine and timolol in human subjects. AB - The action and interaction of topical 2% epinephrine hydrochloride and 0.5% timolol maleate therapy were studied in 12 normal and 16 ocular hypertensive subjects. Measurements of intraocular pressure, outflow facility, and aqueous secretion by fluorophotometry were made. Uveoscleral outflow values were calculated. Epinephrine, applied topically twice daily for one week, resulted in a decrease in IOP of 3.3 +/- 0.9 mm Hg and an increase in outflow facility of 0.05 +/- 0.01 microL/min/mm Hg, as well as an increase in the rate of aqueous production of 0.32 +/- 0.09 microL/min. Uveoscleral outflow showed an increase of 0.83 +/- 0.23 microL/min. Timolol, applied topically twice daily for one week, reduced the IOP 3.9 +/- 1.0 mm Hg and decreased aqueous flow 0.84 +/- 0.23 microL/min, but produced no change in outflow facility or uveoscleral flow. When epinephrine and timolol are given in combination, the effects in lowering IOP may not be completely additive. PMID- 7259596 TI - Cryotherapy for precancerous melanosis (atypical melanocytic hyperplasia) of the conjunctiva. AB - Two patients with progressive, diffuse precancerous melanosis (intraepithelial atypical melanocytic hyperplasia or melanocytic dysplasia) of the conjunctiva were treated with cryotherapy. In one patient, the contiguous cutaneous portions of both eyelids were involved and received the same therapy; the extensive disease of the patient was managed by two cryotherapy sessions during a period of 21/2 months. The melanocytic process in both patients showed a good response to this therapy, which resulted in a slough of the superficial conjunctiva with reepithelialization from adjacent areas. Neither patients has shown recurrent disease in more than seven months of follow-up, although one patient had incomplete regression of the melanocytic condition in the perilimbal region, which was subsequently treated by an excisional biopsy. Serious complications occurred in one patient who had corneal and lenticular opacities; this patient had severe extensive disease for which exenteration was considered the only feasible alternative therapy to control the melanocytic proliferation disorder adequately. Less severe complications also developed, including trichiasis, ptosis, transient hypotony, and macular edema. In this article, we discuss the clinical and histologic features of acquired pigmentations of the conjunctiva, the criteria for their management, and the approaches to minimize the complications that we have encountered with cryotherapy. PMID- 7259597 TI - 10-Diopter fixation test for amblyopia. AB - Fixation-preference testing has been useful in detecting amblyopia in children unable to give reliable visual acuities, except for children with small-angle tropias and those without manifest deviations. This study introduces a method of fixation testing that includes all children, regardless of the presence or size of the deviation. By placing a 10-diopter vertical prism over one eye, we induce a vertical deviation. Once the eyes are dissociated, fixation preference is evaluated and used to predict the presence of amblyopia. We prospectively studied fixation patterns in 98 children with either small-angle tropia or essentially straight eyes. All children with amblyopia of two lines or more showed abnormal fixation patterns, and those without amblyopia showed normal patterns. We were able to obtain fixation patterns on all children studied, including 13 infants less than 24 months of age. This test proved to be a reliable, objective method for detecting amblyopia in children with straight eyes or in children with microstrabismus of almost any age. PMID- 7259599 TI - Pneumatic intraocular microscissors. AB - Intraocular microscissors were developed based on a vitreous cutter-like actuation and control by the console and foot pedal. They are right angled for resection of periretinal membranes and 20 gauge for compatibility with the vitrectomy system. PMID- 7259600 TI - The microretinal retractor. AB - A retractor was developed for the scleral buckling portion of a vitrectomy under the operating microscope. The right-angled handle reduces hand fatigue and keeps the assistant's hand away from the operative field. The nonslotted blade prevents tissue prolapse into the operative field. PMID- 7259598 TI - Suspected malignant hyperthermia in a strabismus patient. A case report. AB - Malignant hyperthermia is an autosomal dominant disorder with variable expressivity that is caused by a membrane defect in the sarcolemma of myofibrils. A patient with strabismus (esotropia) had tachycardia and masseter muscle rigidity on exposure to succinylcholine chloride and halothane, but because of rapid recognition of the condition and discontinuation of the procedure, the potentially lethal complications of malignant hyperthermia did not develop. A serum creatine phosphokinase level showed a substantial increase above normal. Two weeks later, the patient underwent successful correction of the strabismus under general anesthesia, using morphine sulfate and thiopental sodium without complication. This condition is of interest to ophthalmologists because it occurs with increasing frequency in patients with strabismus and ptosis, and it may be triggered by certain local anesthetic agents often used by ophthalmologists. PMID- 7259601 TI - Method for calculation of corneal profile and power distribution. PMID- 7259602 TI - Mast cell ultrastructure. Comparison in contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis and vernal conjunctivitis. AB - Mast cells from the upper tarsal conjunctiva of six normal subjects, seven persons with contact lens-associated persons with contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis (CL-GPC), and six persons with vernal conjunctivitis were examined by electron microscopy. Most mast cells from normal subjects were fully granulated and showed granule forms previously reported for conjunctiva. All mast cells from patients with CL-GPC had some degree of degranulation. The number of granules in approximately 30% of mast cells from patients with CL-GPC was sufficiently reduced that the cells probably would not have been recognized as mast cells using light microscopy. Mast cells from vernal conjunctivitis patients had the most extensive degranulation. The vast majority of these cells, at least 80%, had so few granules that it is unlikely they would have been recognized as mast cells if light microscopy alone were used. PMID- 7259604 TI - An anterior segment 30 degree bent infusion needle. AB - The bend of an anterior segment 30 degree bent infusion needle allows for ease of positioning over the nose or brow during surgical procedures. This instrument is easily used in bimanual surgical techniques with standard vitrectomy probes. Infusion into the anterior chamber of the eye during anterior segment vitrectomy procedures has the advantage of maintaining the depth of the anterior chamber and preventing its collapse during surgery. This techniques is particularly useful in anterior membranectomy, capsulectomy, lensectomy, and other anterior segment procedures. PMID- 7259603 TI - Osmotic tolerance of rabbit and human corneal endothelium. AB - Rabbit and human corneas were mounted in a specular microscope and perfused with a balanced salt solution of varying osmolality (200 to 500 mOsm). Measurements of corneal thickness were made throughout the perfusion period, and at selected times the corneas were fixed and prepared for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A hypo-osmotic perfusion medium caused an increase in corneal thickness; by comparison, a hyperosmotic perfusion medium decreased corneal thickness in both rabbit and human corneas. Despite the marked changes in corneal thickness and the water movement that occurred across the endothelium, the cellular ultrastructure remained intact. In reversal studies (return to 300-mOsm perfusion medium), corneal thickness returned to control values with no marked changes in endothelial cell structure. These data indicate that the corneal endotheium can tolerate a wide range of solution osmolalities (200 to 400 mOsm) without marked endotheial cell breakdown if the essential ions are present. PMID- 7259605 TI - Unilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy. I. Initial findings. AB - The combination of unilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in one eye and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in the fellow eye was observed in 10.1% of patients with PDR. Most patients were between the ages of 50 and 70 years; the majority had adultonset diabetes mellitus. Unilateral aphakia and anisometropia of greater than 1 diopter were both infrequently seen. The incidence of glaucoma was unremarkable. Unilateral elevated-but not necessarily abnormal-intraocular pressure was found in a significantly larger proportion of eyes with NPDR (20%) than with PDR (12%). Most patients had moderate to severe angiopathy or exudation in the eye with NPDR and modest PDR in the fellow eye; however, one third had moderate to severe PDR. In only 2% of the patients was visual acuity less than 20/200 on initial examination. PMID- 7259606 TI - Unilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy. II. Clinical course. AB - One hundred thirty-six patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in one eye and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in the fellow eye on initial examination were followed up for at least three months. Eight percent of the eyes with NPDR were eliminated from further consideration by treatment within the first three months. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy developed in 58% of the remaining eyes with NPDR, usually within two years of the initial examination. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy developed in a significantly greater percentage of diabetics who were younger than 40 years than in diabetics older than 60 years. Poor visual prognosis among eyes that initially had NPDR was associated with advanced angiopathy or exudation on initial examination and also may have been associated with the subsequent development of PDR. Neither the development of PDR nor the final visual acuity in these eyes could be correlated with vascular disease outside the eye, the degree of PDR in the fellow eye, or the presence of higher intraocular pressure in the eye with NPDR on initial examination. Forty-one percent of the eyes with unilateral PDR were eliminated from consideration by prompt treatment. Most remaining eyes with PDR also showed progressive fundus pathologic conditions. PMID- 7259608 TI - Traumatic retinal dialyses. AB - The age, sex, refractive error, symptoms, history of trauma, and objective evidence of trauma were evaluated in 50 cases of retinal detachment caused by dialysis. The location of the dialysis, associated ocular and retinal findings, reattachment rate, and visual acuity results of these 50 cases are reviewed. Analysis of the cases in this series strongly suggests that virtually all retinal dialyses result from blunt ocular trauma and that a genetic weakness in the inferotemporal quadrant is not an important factor in the development of retinal dialyses. PMID- 7259609 TI - Corneal trauma in intracapsular and extracapsular cataract extraction with lens implantation. AB - We examined the central corneal endothelium before and eight weeks after cataract extraction and lens implantation in 99 consecutive intracapsular and extracapsular extractions each. There was no statistically significant different between the mean endothelial cell loss of 17.1% in the intracapsular group and 13.6% in the extracapsular group. The variation in individual endothelial cell sizes was less postoperatively in the extracapsular extractions. The central corneal thickness were the same in the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean endothelial cell loss of 17.0% in 24 posterior chamber lenses and 12.1% in 69 transiridectomy clip lenses, both with extracapsular cataract extraction. When combined with intraocular lens implantation, extracapsular cataract extraction, even when performed by surgeons inexperienced with extracapsular techniques, caused no greater corneal endothelial damage than intracapsular extraction. PMID- 7259607 TI - Posterior lip traction caused by intravitreal gas. AB - Traction on the posterior edge of a large tear may be an irreparable consequence of an intraocular gas tamponade used in the first instance to treat the tear. In two of three patients treated with octofluorocyclobutane (C4F8) and perfluoromethane (CF4), redetachment of a retinal tear occurred as a result of traction on the posterior edge of the tear when, prior to the operation, the posterior edge seemed to be free of any traction. With redetachment, a membrane became visible between the anterior and posterior lips of the tear. The membrane was probably posterior hyaloid augmented by cellular proliferation. The gas bubble, which had been intended to press the retina against the pigment epithelium, probably brought the detached posterior hyaloid into contact with the retina as well, and an adhesion between the hyaloid and retina formed. PMID- 7259610 TI - Cornea pseudoguttata: a clinical and histopathologic description of endothelial cell edema. AB - Cornea guttata is a well-recognized corneal condition that is characterized by localized thickenings of Descemet's membrane. When these lesions disrupt, the regular endothelial mosaic, dark spots are seen in specular reflection. This same clinical appearance can be present during short-term episodes of iritis and corneal inflammation. Since it disappears with resolution of the inflammation, true cornea guttata (thickening of Descemet's membrane) obviously does not occur. Three cases of this transient clinical entity occurred. Production of iritis and corneal inflammation in rabbits with the use of bovine serum albumin and cautery resulted in the same transient appearance of dark spots, which interrupted the normal endothelial mosaic seen in specular reflection. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the cornea "pseudoguttata" disclosed transient endothelial cel edema. PMID- 7259611 TI - The effect of cleaning soft contact lenses. A scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the effectiveness of surfactant and enzyme cleaners in removing coatings from soft contact lenses. We examined ten continuously worn lenses and 15 lenses worn and cleaned regularly for at six months. About 30% of the surface of continuously worn lenses cleaned with surfactant or enzyme was uncoated; smooth, matted coating covered the remainder. Continuously worn lenses cleaned with the combination surfactant and enzyme cleaner had similar deposits covering 50% of the surface. Lenses worn and cleaned regularly had more deposits after cleaning with surfactant or enzyme cleaner than after cleaning with combination cleaner. Approximately 25% of the surface of lenses cleaned with the combination was coated with deposits. The deposits on both types of lenses were about 30% less thick after use of the combination cleaner than with either single cleaner. The coating on worn contact lenses is not completely removed by any method we tested. PMID- 7259612 TI - Acute syphilitic optic neuritis. AB - Two patients experienced acute unilateral visual loss as a manifestation of early infectious (secondary) neurosyphilis. In both cases, optic disc swelling was preceded by the development of a characteristic rash accompanied by mild signs of meningeal inflammation. Other signs of ocular inflammation, such as uveitis or retinal vasculitis, were absent. Optic neuritis may occur as a manifestation of the meningeal inflammation that can accompany secondary syphilis. In such patients, it is important to confirm involvement of the CNS and to institute appropriate antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7259614 TI - Illuminated intraocular foreign-body forceps for vitreous surgery. PMID- 7259613 TI - A motorized gas injector for vitreous surgery. PMID- 7259615 TI - Endoscopic orbital surgery: report of a case. PMID- 7259616 TI - Extended lower eyelid blepharoplasty. AB - The extended lower eyelid blepharoplasty involves the use of a large myocutaneous flap dissection well down over the zygoma. This has been found useful in eliminating large edematous bags over the cheek. It also is useful in lower eyelid blepharoplasty in selected cases of thyroid disease, orbital reconstruction, facial trauma, and certain other reconstructive procedures. This procedure was used on 43 eyelids in 24 patients. PMID- 7259617 TI - Effect of natural deprivation and unilateral eye patching on visual acuity of infants and children. Evoked potential measurements. AB - Evoked potential measurements of visual acuity were made on four children aged from 5 months to 8 years. They were deprived of normal visual stimulation by various disorders: unilateral aphakia from a congenital cataract, vitreous hemorrhage, polar cataract, and esotropia. In the two younger children, aged 5 and 15 months, respectively, the visual acuity improved when the eye had good optical imagery and declined with poor or no imagery. Reversal of the imagery to the contralateral eyes again brought large changes in opposite directions. In the two older children, aged 4 and 8 years, respectively, there were marked decreases in acuity in the patched eye, but little or no change in the unpatched eye. It is not know whether these differences are due to age or to the original kind of visual disorder, such as deprivation, occlusion, or strabismus, or are merely individual differences. It is clear, however, that some children exhibit large changes in acuity in response to visual deprivation or patching, or to its removal, in a readily reversible manner. Also, we have demonstrated that visually evoked potential acuities may be obtained from pediatric, clinical patients without regard to age, which may be useful in management of the conditions. PMID- 7259618 TI - Intraocular lenses generate chemotactic activity in human serum. Binkhorst lecture part III. PMID- 7259619 TI - Slitlamp mount for Zeiss gonioscopy lens. PMID- 7259620 TI - Visual images observed after enucleation. PMID- 7259621 TI - An alternating pressure mattress for use in eye surgery. PMID- 7259622 TI - Linear equatorial streaks. PMID- 7259623 TI - Metastatic adenocarcinoma from the stomach to the orbit. PMID- 7259625 TI - Intertest reliability in non-invasive electrocochleography. AB - Intertest reliability of action potential (AP) and summating potential (SP) parameters in non-invasive electrocochleography (ECochG) was studied in 4 normal ears and 7 hearing-impaired ears with stable audiograms. The interval between test and retest was 10 days to 2 years and 5 months. Intertest differences in AP response threshold and -SP detection threshold were within 10 dB. N1 amplitude, N1 latency, -SP amplitude, and -SP/AP ratio had excellent correlations between test and retest. N1 latency had a better intertest reliability than N1 amplitude. Waveform had almost the same shape in retest as in test. The intertest differences in AP and SP parameters were examined. On the basis of these data values for the criteria of significant change in test and retest in non-invasive ECochG are presented. The non-invasive ECochG is particularly suitable for monitoring both progressive and fluctuant hearing loss. PMID- 7259624 TI - [Neurobiologic aspects of nerve regeneration (author's transl)]. AB - This review is focusing on the cell biology of regeneration in neurons of the peripheral nervous system, mainly the motoneuron. The retrograde or axonal reaction in these cells is characterized by an increase in the RNA and protein metabolism and is associated with morphological and cytochemical changes. The neuronal events are accompanied by changes in the microenvironment of the complete motor nucleus. Presynaptic terminal, glial cells and the capillaries participate in this process. Axonal sprouting occurs in the proximal stump of regenerating nerve. This event has been studied by scanning electron microscopy as well as with histochemical methods. Wallerian degeneration in the distal stump is viewed on as an important prerequisite for regeneration. Some aspects of current research in the field are briefly discussed, for instance: signal for chromatolysis, search for regeneration factors, role of axonal transport and intercellular communication. PMID- 7259627 TI - Phase reversal in brain stem responses: its use in the detection of asymmetry in the auditory pathways. AB - Electrode placement is an important consideration in the recording of a large amplitude stable response. In this study, brain stem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEP) were obtained from subjects and patients under two electrode configurations, namely 'vertex-mastoid' and 'mastoid-mastoid'. The BAEP waveforms to ipsilateral, contralateral and binaural stimulation were examined for their phase relation with respect to stimulation. In the mastoid-mastoid recording mode, a complete polarity reversal was shown upon changing stimulation from the ipsilateral (with respect to the active input) to the contralateral ear. On simultaneous binaural stimulation, the response was shown to summate to zero. This observation has led to the objective assessment of asymmetry of hearing. Several patients exhibiting recruitment were tested under the mastoid-mastoid recording configuration with binaural stimulation. The results show that a summated 'null' response only occurs at an intensity level where loudness equality is attained at the two ears and recruitment is complete. Applied in this way the technique has promising application in the determination of the presence or absence of recruitment and hence in the differential diagnosis of cochlear and retrocochlear lesions. PMID- 7259626 TI - Early auditory-evoked responses: filter effects. AB - The early auditory-evoked responses have been recorded in 4 human subjects and 3 cats using a filter band-pass of 2-5 000 Hz. The responses have been subsequently analogue-filtered at different low-pass and high-pass settings. Reduction of low pass cut-off produces latency increases of similar magnitudes for all waves. Raising the high-pass cut-off results in dramatic changes in the responses, the peaks of the waves being apparently deflected onto the succeeding wave flanks, thus resulting in false latency reductions. The individual waves are affected at different filter settings dependent on their frequency content. PMID- 7259628 TI - Temporary threshold shifts for masked pure tones. II. Broad-band masker. AB - The amount of temporary threshold shift (TTS) measured in a particular individual is dependent on several factors. One such factor is the pre-exposure hearing level of the subject. In this study, the contribution of this factor to the measured TTS was examined in 8 normal-hearing subjects. TTS measurements were made in unmasked and masked conditions following a 4-hour exposure to noise. The masked condition was designed to simulate a flat mild hearing loss. Results indicated that TTS observed under conditions of broad-band masking was reduced as compared to TTS for the unmasked condition. The results, moreover, were consistent with the predictions of a model developed previously from earlier research with narrow-band maskers. PMID- 7259629 TI - The relations of eye colour and smoking to noise-induced permanent threshold shift. AB - The hearing of 118 otologically normal soldiers 40 years of age or less with at least 8 years service was tested. Their eye colours were also recorded. Each soldier was questioned concerning his medical history, history of noise exposure and smoking habits. Left ear average hearing levels at 3 kHz were poorer in soldiers with eye colours indicating no melanin pigmentation of the iris than those with iris pigmentation (p < 0.05). Effects of smoking were statistically significant at one frequency but difficult to interpret in terms of current theories. PMID- 7259630 TI - Auditory signal processing in a hearing-impaired subject with residual ultra audiometric hearing. AB - A number of hearing-impaired individuals with near-normal thresholds for frequencies above 8,000 Hz who are characterized by good speech articulation have recently been identified. It is unclear whether this unusually good articulation is linked to the ability of such persons to process speech signals containing energy that falls within the range of their residual, high-frequency hearing (for example, certain consonants). This paper reports a detailed study of the signal processing capabilities of one patient with a long-standing, severe to profound hearing loss in the standard audiometric range, and normal left-ear thresholds in the region of 13,000 Hz. Measures obtained include difference limens for frequency and intensity, gap detection, rate matching, temporal integration, and tone-on-tone masking profiles (psychoacoustical tuning curves). In addition, measures of speech production and perception were made when the patient was using an experimental hearing aid designed to transpose speech range frequencies into the region of her residual high-frequency hearing. Results indicate the patient can efficiently process signals which fall within the band of her best hearing, and suggest her ultra-audiometric hearing may be useful in speech communication. PMID- 7259631 TI - Arteriovenous anastomoses in the dermal vasculature of the skin of Bos taurus cattle, and their relationship with resistance to the tick, Boophilus microplus. AB - Bos taurus cattle with high resistance to the tick Boophilus microplus, whether free-grazing or in covered pens, had significantly more arteriovenous anastomoses (AVA) in their skin than did animals of low resistance. These differences in number of AVA associated with resistance level were most marked above the level of the sebaceous gland in the neck region, an area favoured for tick feeding. In this skin layer, the number of AVA in low-resistance animals (4.0 plus or minus 0.4 per 2.1 mm) was significantly lower than in animals of high resistance (12.3 plus or minus 2.2 per 2.1 mm) while the mean value for the naive animals (8.2 plus or minus 1.0 per 2.1 mm) was intermediate. No differences in morphology of AVA were detectable between the three groups using light microscopy. PMID- 7259632 TI - Cutaneous hyperaemia elicited by larvae of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. AB - The responses of skin capillary blood flow (BF) to infestation by larvae of B. microplus have been determined using radioactive microspheres. Larvae were placed in gauze-covered rings glued to the closely clipped skin. In pilot experiments on three Brahman-cross calves which had prior exposure to ticks, BF measurements at intervals up to 25 h post-infestation revealed a continuing increase. 'High' rates of infestation (5000 larvae per ring) elicited up to an 80-fold increase in BF. In four Australian Illawarra Shorthorn (AIS) calves with prior exposure to ticks, BF had increased by 0.5 h post-infestation, it reached a peak at 24 h, and fell markedly by 48 and 75 h. In contrast, two AIS calves without prior tick exposure showed no significant increase in BF until 24 h and this increase continued until observations were terminated at 72 h. BF in the neck area (normally favoured by ticks) increased most in calves of highest resistance to ticks, but the flank area (normally unfavoured) showed no consistent difference in BF response between animals of different tick resistance. It is concluded that skin capillary hyperaemia is triggered by the host's immune response to larval attachment. Within the relatively narrow range of tick resistance in the present animals, the degree of hyperaemia was directly related to level of resistance to the tick in skin regions normally favoured by ticks and therefore it may play a role in determining resistance to ticks. PMID- 7259633 TI - Sulfur and methionine metabolism in sheep. V. Utilization of methionine isomers. PMID- 7259634 TI - Myoglobins of cartilaginous fishes III. Amino acid sequence of myoglobin of the shark Galeorhinus australis. AB - Myoglobin isolated from the red muscle of the school shark Galeorhinus australis was purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The amino acid sequence was determined following digestion with trypsin and purification of the peptides by paper ionophoresis and chromatography. Sequences of purified peptides were determined by the dansyl-Edman procedure and the peptides aligned by homology with the sequence of the myoglobin of the gummy shark Mustelus antarcticus. The two myoglobin sequences showed a marked similarity (16 differences), but both sequences showed approximately the same number of differences (68) from myoglobin of the Port Jackson shark Heterodontus portusjacksoni. There are 19 residues unique to three shark myoglobin sequences. As found with other fish myoglobins there are 148 residues with deletions of four residues at the amino terminal end as well as one residue in the CD region. The amino terminal residue is acetylated. The distal E7 histidine residue was found to be replaced by glutamine, as only previously reported for the myoglobin sequence of gummy shark. PMID- 7259635 TI - Lymph node anti-tumour effector cell mechanisms in colorectal carcinoma. AB - Eighty lymph nodes from 61 cases of colorectal carcinoma were studied by in vitro microcytotoxicity assay. It was found that 25 nodes (31%) from 22 of these cases (36%) contained lymphoid cells which were cytotoxic against autologous carcinoma cells in vitro. Lymph node cells (LNC) were not cytotoxic against 51Cr chicken red blood cells (CRBC). This assay was used as an indicator of natural killer cell (NK) activity. Comparably, normal control peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were cytotoxic against CRBC but not against colonic target cells obtained from surgical biopsy specimens. Fc receptor-bearing cells, monitored by cytotoxicity against antibody-coated CRBC, were detected in 50 and 60% of cytotoxic and non cytotoxic LNC populations. The varying effects of E- and EAC-rosette fractionation and iron filing treatment of effector cells indicate that regional LNC cytotoxicity in colorectal carcinoma is a complex phenomenon, which, however, is predominantly a function of E-rosetting lymphocytes. Lymphocytes obtained from all regional nodes were capable of responding to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). The relative proportion of T lymphocytes (E-rosetting cells) was significantly higher in those lymph node suspensions which were cytotoxic against colon carcinoma cells. PMID- 7259636 TI - Lymphocyte surface markers in sheep blood and lymph. AB - Lymphocytes from sheep blood and lymph were analysed for the percentages of cells which had receptors for Fc mu, Fc gamma or C', which had surface immunoglobulin (sIg) or which could form rosettes with sheep red blood cells in the presence of saline (E) or 14% Ficoll-saline (Efic). Compared with lymphocytes prepared by treating blood with carbonyl iron followed by glycerol lysis of the red cells, lymphocytes prepared by Ficoll-Paque flotation were enriched for B-cells (sIg+), depleted of T-cells (Efic+) and retained a high proportion of phagocytic cells. Efferent popliteal lymph contained almost twice the percentage of Efic+ cells as did blood prepared by glycerol lysis, but only half the percentage of sIg+ cells. An unmarked or 'null' cell population was defined by subtracting the percentage of Efic+ and sIg+ cells from 100%. In glycerol lysed blood 39.0% of the cells were 'null' compared with 18.6% in lymph. Fractionation of lymphocytes on Percoll discontinuous density gradients allowed some separation of T, B and 'null' cells from each other. With blood lymphocytes, 'null' cells were concentrated in the least dense region (1.01 g/ml), B-cells in the region of intermediate density (1.05-1.07 g/ml) and T-cells in the most dense regions (1.08-1.09 g/ml). Separation of blood and lymph cells on nylon wool columns and anti-immunoglobulin affinity plates showed that 'null' cells were relatively non-adherent and that there was a small population of C' receptor-bearing lymphocytes which were not sIg+. Phytohaemagglutin (PHA) stimulation of lymphocytes prepared from blood, using Ficoll-Paque or glycerol lysis and from lymph, showed that all three preparations had similar dose-response curves irrespective of their T:B cell ratios. Interestingly, the 'null' cell enriched fraction from Percoll gradients also responded well to PHA. It was concluded that sheep blood contains three major populations, T, B and 'null' and that T-cells (Efic+) are relatively concentrated in efferent popliteal lymph compared to blood. Some separation of these three cell types could be obtained using Percoll density gradients, nylon wool columns or anti-immunoglobulin affinity plates. Comparing the PHA responsiveness of lymphocytes from different layers of the Percoll gradients, it was concluded that the sheep blood 'null' cells should be considered to be part of the T-cell population. PMID- 7259638 TI - Effect of hypo- and hypertonic saline and raffinose on cell content of Na, Cl and K in respiring rat kidney cortex at 37 degree. AB - Changes in cell Na, K and Cl content (per kg dry weight) and concentration (per kg intracellular water) were measured in respiring rat renal cortical slices incubated for 60 min at 37 degree in hypo- and hypertonic saline with and without the addition of a non-electrolyte (raffinose). Both hypertonic saline and raffinose increased cellular concentration of Na, Cl and K, the former by producing minimal cell shrinkage and major entry of Na and Cl into the cell, the latter entirely by cell shrinkage leading also to a loss of Na content but not of K. In hypotonic saline both content and concentration of Na and Cl did not change significantly, whereas that for K dropped markedly. Addition of ouabain (1 mmol/1) produced a significant gain of cell Na and loss of K on a one to one basis but did not alter the effect of raffinose. It is concluded that sustained changes in cell ion concentrations and content in response to pericellular osmolality are produced and that these are directed towards equilibrating cellular activity of water to that of the surrounding medium. PMID- 7259637 TI - Uridine and inosine: pressor nucleosides from man, rat and dog. AB - Short-acting pressor compounds isolated from rat kidney, brain, heart and spleen have been identified as inosine and uridine by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, high pressure liquid chromatography and analysis of ultraviolet spectra. Inosine was further identified by nuclear magnetic resonance. These compounds have also been found in kidneys from hypertensive man, rejected renal transplants and dog and beef kidney. Tissues were extracted by acid ethanol extraction followed by gel filtration and high voltage paper electrophoresis. Compounds found to be pressor in the anaesthetised rat resisted proteolytic enzymes, boiling for 10 min, extremes of pH and incubation with plasma from the source species for up to 20 min. The pressor effects of bolus injections of active gel filtration fractions, uridine and inosine were short-lived with a maximum effect at 5-6 s. Intravenous (I.V.) infusions of extracts gave a sustained pressor response without a concurrent change in heart rate. The effect on blood pressure was not accompanied by increased heart rate and persisted when the pressor effects of angiotensin II, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxy-tryptamine were blocked pharmacologically. PMID- 7259639 TI - Haemagglutinins and lysins in plants and their application in characterising human and animal red cells. AB - Saline extracts of 207 seed varieties belonging to 53 families were tested for haemagglutinating and haemolytic activity against the erythrocytes of eleven vertebrate species (man, monkey, rabbit, rat, goat, sheep, cow, buffalo, horse, mule and fowl). Of these, 85 seed extracts showed haemagglutinating activity and 49 seed extracts showed haemolytic activity against the red cells of one or more animal species. Several seed extracts were found to react in a species specific manner agglutinating or lysing the red cells exclusively of one animal species each. The possible practical application of the species specific plant agglutinins and haemolysins in characterising the red cells of different animal species is discussed. PMID- 7259640 TI - Wound contraction. A quantitative interpretation. AB - The behavior of dressed excisional wounds in a number of species (man, rabbit, rat and mouse) has been analysed. The change in wound area with time due to contraction was found to be consistent with a constant linear rate of movement of the wound margins. The linear rate of movement of the wound margins is shown to be an appropriate parameter for the quantitative comparison of rates of contraction. This parameter can be calculated from the slope of the (area)1/2 versus time plots. PMID- 7259641 TI - Suspected naproxen toxicity in dogs. PMID- 7259642 TI - Periodicity exhibited by microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis in south east Queensland. PMID- 7259643 TI - Johne's disease in sheep. PMID- 7259644 TI - Active immunisation of horses against tetanus including the booster dose and its application. AB - Successful active immunisation of horses against tetanus is dependent on a number of factors of which the toxoid preparation used, its method of application and the ability of the individual horse to respond are fundamental. Two immunisation schedules using an aluminium-based toxoid preparation were examined and the protection determined by monitoring the level of antitoxin afforded by each schedule. The results obtained demonstrated that 2 doses of this toxoid are necessary to ensure 12 months protection in all horses. These results are discussed in relation to the factors involved in active immunisation against tetanus. Reference is also made to the occurrence of a transient phase of reduced levels of antitoxin following booster doses of toxoid in immunised horses during which it is considered these horses could become more susceptible to tetanus. The effect of a booster dose on immunised horses was examined and while there can be a reduction in the level of antitoxin in some immunised horses following this dose its effect is minimal, short-lived and for all practical purposes can be disregarded. The application of the booster dose in practice is also discussed. PMID- 7259645 TI - Pathology and tuberculin sensitivity in cattle inoculated with Mycobacterium avium complex serotypes 6, 14 and 18. AB - Three strains of Mycobacterium avium complex organisms, serotypes 6, 14 and 18 isolated from typical tuberculous lesions in cattle were examined for pathogenicity and ability to sensitise cattle to avian and bovine tuberculin. Each strain caused tuberculoid granulomas at the site of subcutaneous inoculation but no lesions elsewhere. Sensitisation to bovine tuberculin was detected in the caudal fold test in 11 of 18 inoculated animals 8 weeks after injection. In a simultaneous comparative cervical test, reactions to avian tuberculin were much larger than reactions to bovine tuberculin in all inoculated animals. PMID- 7259646 TI - Control of the bush tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis) with Zebu x European cattle. AB - Brahman x Hereford cattle carried only one-quarter as many engorging adult bush ticks (Haemaphysalis (Kaiseriana) longicornis) as Hereford. Simmental x Hereford or Friesian x Hereford cattle when grazed together on the north coast of New South Wales. Fourteen percent of a Brahman x Hereford herd carried half of the engorging ticks suggesting that infestation levels would be further reduced by culling procedures. The results indicate an additional advantage to those already established for Brahman x Hereford cattle on the north coast of New South Wales and have important implications for tick control. PMID- 7259647 TI - Examination of stockfeeds for Salmonella. AB - Of 100 stockfeeds examined for Salmonella 45 were positive by pre-enrichment followed by selective enrichment of 10 x 25 g samples. Forty-three were positive by selective enrichment of pooled aliquots of the pre-enrichment broths from the 10 x 25 g samples. Aliquots of the pre-enrichment broths from the 10 x 25 g samples of 77 of the feeds were stored at 4 degrees C and retested after 6 days. One hundred and ten of these (770) subsamples were found to contain salmonellas initially, and 107 were found to contain salmonellas after storage for 6 days. The testing of feeds by the examination of multiple 25 g samples and pooled pre enrichment broths is recommended. Aliquots of the pre-enrichment broths may be stored at 4 degrees C for 6 days and retested if an estimation of the numbers in the feed is required. Further pre-enrichment after cold storage is not required. PMID- 7259648 TI - Ear mites (Raillietia manfredi and Psoroptes cuniculi) in goats in New South Wales. PMID- 7259649 TI - Termination of early pregnancy in ewes by use of a prostaglandin analogue and subsequent fertility. AB - Of 87 Dorset ewes injected at 20 to 60 days of pregnancy with either 125 micrograms or 250 micrograms of the prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue, cloprostenol, 72 (83%) were detected in oestrus by teaser rams within 7 days. A total of 60 ewes mated with fertile rams 14 to 28 days after treatment and 36 of these (60%) subsequently lambed. Thirty-eight ewes mated with fertile rams 29 to 56 days after treatment and 30 of these (79%) subsequently lambed. The difference in fertility between the 2 periods was not significant. Six additional ewes which did not respond to the cloprostenol lambed normally within 6 weeks. They were more than 100 days pregnant when treated. In ewes which first exhibited oestrus by 7 days of treatment, plasma progesterone concentrations fell from near 4 ng/ml to 0.6 ng/ml within 48 h of treatment. In ewes not detected in oestrus progesterone concentrations did not decrease to similar low levels (1.4 ng/ml; t test p less than 0.005). Concentrations in the 6 ewes treated near 100 days of pregnancy dropped from 7.4 to 4.4 ng/ml over 48 h. Overall, the progesterone concentrations indicated that 92% of ewes treated at 20 to 60 days of pregnancy experienced rapid luteolysis in response to the cloprostenol. There were no differences between the 2 doses of cloprostenol in the responses or subsequent fertility of the ewes. PMID- 7259650 TI - The isolation of a field strain of Haemonchus contortus in Queensland showing multiple anthelmintic resistance. AB - Following the apparent failure of levamisole to control infections of Haemonchus contortus in sheep at Lawes in south eastern Queensland, a strain of this parasite was isolated at the Animal Research Institute, Yeerongpilly. This strain was used to infect sheep at Yeerongpilly and the Merrindale Research Station, Victoria where four experiments to classify the resistance pattern of the parasite were carried out. Resistance to thiabendazole was first suspected in 1969, and these experiments confirmed that resistance to this drug was still present. They also showed that a strong degree of resistance had been developed to both levamisole and morantel tartrate. Other benzimidazole anthelmintics and also the organophosphorus compound naphthalophos were only moderately effective against the original isolate but rafoxanide, nitroxynil and phenothiazine were almost 100% effective. Other highly effective chemicals were disophenol and closantel. After passaging the strain for four generations with both levamisole and albendazole, resistance to both naphthalophos and the newer benzimidazole anthelmintics increased dramatically. This is the first report of a field strain of H. contortus exhibiting resistance to benzimidazole, non-benzimidazole and organophosphorus anthelmintics. PMID- 7259651 TI - Obstruction of the small colon by intramural haematoma in three horses. AB - Three cases of intramural haematoma of the small colon of horses are presented. In all cases the haematoma obstructed the lumen and caused an accumulation of faeces and gas. The horses were in shock and had acute abdominal pain. Exploratory abdominal surgery revealed the haematomas and showed them to be associated with chronic infection and terminal rupture in one animal which was subsequently killed, and an iatrogenic perforation of the terminal small colon in another which survived after intestinal resection. In the remaining horse, which died without recovering after intestinal resection, no cause was found. PMID- 7259652 TI - Suspected drug-induced thrombocytopenia associated with levamisole therapy in a dog. PMID- 7259653 TI - An outbreak of listerial meningo-encephalitis in sheep. AB - An outbreak of ovine listerial meningo-encephalitis on sheep farms in eastern Gippsland, Victoria, during winter and spring 1978, is recorded. Cases were confirmed by histology of brain or by culture of Listeria monocytogenes from sheep on 21 farms. The morbidity rate in affected flocks ranged from 0.2% to 8.0%, and the case fatality rate was almost 100%. The peak incidence of disease followed a period of continuous heavy rain and flooding of grazing pasture, and the majority of affected flocks were located on poorly drained coastal sandy soil. There was evidence of concurrent debilitating disease in many of the cases submitted for laboratory confirmation of listeriosis. PMID- 7259654 TI - Leakage of plasma proteins onto the skin surface of sheep during the development of fleece-rot and body strike. PMID- 7259655 TI - Eradication of levamisole-resistant Ostertagia. PMID- 7259656 TI - Beef cattle research in the next decade. AB - Priorities for research in beef cattle are proposed in the areas of nutrition, breeding, reproduction and health. Research in nutrition should be concerned with enhancing utilisation of cellulose and non-protein nitrogen. Cattle breeding projects should concentrate on the synthesis of genotypes suited to specific environments, while in the area of reproduction, wastage remains the most important problem. Improvement of diagnostic tests and vaccines would result from intensified research into subcellular function of causative organisms. Major contributions to animal health could emanate from studies of the genetic basis of disease resistance. The very small number of veterinarians employed in animal production research tends to deprive health of its proper place as a central feature of production. PMID- 7259659 TI - Species of Trichuris in domestic ruminants in Australia. PMID- 7259658 TI - Stypandra imbricata ("blindgrass") toxicosis in goats and sheep - clinical and pathologic findings in 4 field cases. AB - Two goats and 2 sheep from field outbreaks of Stypandra imbricata toxicosis had severe lesions in the retina, optic nerves and white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical, ophthalmoscopic, fluorescein angiographic, electroretinographic and histologic atrophy, necrosis and degeneration of axons in the optic nerves and optic tracts and status spongiosus of cerebral white matter. PMID- 7259660 TI - Antibacterial activity of cows milk following therapy with oxytetracycline uterine pessaries. PMID- 7259661 TI - Melioidosis in an intensive piggery. PMID- 7259657 TI - Chronic interstitial pneumonia in association with a granulomatous encephalitis in a goat. AB - A 30-month-old British Alpine goat had clinical and pathological findings consistent with the diagnosis of a chronic interstitial pneumonia. The goat also had lesions in the brain similar to those described for granulomatous encephalomyelitis (GE) of goats. Lesions similar to GE were reproduced experimentally in feral goats following intracerebral inoculation of a lung homogenate from the naturally occurring case. The differential diagnosis of chronic interstitial pneumonia in goats, the differentiation of GE from viral leucoencephalomyelitis, and possible aetiological role of retroviruses in these diseases is discussed. PMID- 7259662 TI - Isolation of Corynebacterium pilosum from a horse. PMID- 7259663 TI - Prevalence of melioidosis in animals in northern Queensland. PMID- 7259664 TI - The treatment of pneumonia in foals caused by Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi. PMID- 7259665 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of dermatological conditions. PMID- 7259666 TI - Psoriasis in dermatology practice. PMID- 7259667 TI - An introduction to the modern histological classification of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 7259668 TI - Localized cutaneous pseudolymphoma associated with phenytoin therapy: a case report. PMID- 7259669 TI - Cutaneous atheromatous embolism. PMID- 7259670 TI - Plants that cause dermatitis. PMID- 7259671 TI - Negative findings concerning Alcaligenes faecalis as an etiologic agent in acute respiratory disease of turkeys. AB - An acute respiratory disease of turkeys in Israel was first reported in November 1978. Alcaligenes faecalis was isolated from sick turkeys and from chickens not affected by the disease. Plate agglutination tests with A. faecalis antigen of 1,067 turkey and 494 chicken serum samples gave variable results: healthy turkeys gave positive reactions and sick turkeys sometimes gave negative ones. All isolated strains were highly sensitive in vitro drug sensitivity tests, but chemotherapy failed in the field. Pathogenicity trials with A. faecalis, given alone or in combination with Yucaipa virus to 8-day-old turkey poults, failed to reproduce the disease. PMID- 7259672 TI - Environmental fungus flora in quail-breeding farms. AB - An investigation was made of the environmental fungus flora in a quail-bleeding farm during a period of 5 months (May-September 1978). A total of 5826 colonies were obtained. The genera encountered most frequently were Aspergillus (28.96%), Penicillium (21.21%), Scopulariopsis (16.84%), and Aureobasidium (13.90%). Of the Aspergillus species, A. fumigatus was isolated the most often (12.61%) of the total). The different fungal species were variously distributed according to the production zones and age of the animals in which they were found. PMID- 7259673 TI - Formulating a control program against Mycoplasma meleagridis using economic decision analysis. AB - Economic decision analysis was applied to a variety of programs for controlling Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM) using a hypothetical commercial turkey multiplier breeder as an example. The analysis demonstrated the economic significance of a particular program for controlling MM and reevaluated current egg-dipping practices. If forced to continue egg-dipping, the hypothetical breeder can expect to gain $1.58 per hen if he follows a MM-control program that includes monitoring and incentive payments. If he can discontinue dipping, he can expect a gain of $2.06 per hen. PMID- 7259675 TI - Susceptibility of chickens to avian nephritis virus at various inoculation routes and ages. AB - Factors that influence the response of chickens to avian nephritis virus (ANV) were studied. Day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks were inoculated with the G 4260 strain of ANV by oral, subcutaneous, intratracheal, intramuscular, and intracerebral routes at a dose of 10(5.0) plaque-forming units (PFUs) per chick. Inoculation induced only nephritis, and contact infection ANV occurred very easily. When 1-, 14-, 28-, 56-, and 300-day-old chickens were inoculated orally with 10(5.0) PFUs of the virus, the day-old chicks appeared to be most susceptible; histopathological responses to the virus became weak as chicks aged. The serological response of 28-day-old chickens to ANV was stronger that those of other groups. Pathologically, the adult chickens hardly responded to the virus, but they produced antibodies against the virus. PMID- 7259674 TI - Immunological response of chickens to Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. AB - The cellular, humoral, and local immune responses of chickens to Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection were studied at weekly intervals for 10 weeks. A cellular response was indicated by significant leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) was demonstrated as early as one week postinfection (PI), but the maximum LMI of 36.4% was observed at seven weeks PI. Induction of cellular response was further confirmed by positive-delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction, observed in all infected birds tested. The antibody response, as determined by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test, was found to be provoked very early in infection, and the mean HI titer peaked seven weeks PI. A highly significant correlation (p less than 0.05) was found between LMI percentages and mean HI titers. In the infected chickens a significant elevation of mean serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G level was noted from the first week PI onwards; this correlated well with the rise of HI antibodies. There was no change in the serum IgA and IgM levels. A low level of M. gallisepticum-specific HI activity was detected in tracheal washings (TW) of infected birds from the third week PI onwards; the levels peaked six weeks PI. The IgA/IgG ratio in TW of infected chickens did not differ significantly from those of controls. The recovery of chickens as assessed by regression of lesions and disappearance of organisms from trachea coincided with peak LMI, maximum HI titers in serum and TW, and elevated levels of serum IgG. PMID- 7259676 TI - Studies of Pasteurella anatipestifer: an approach to its classification. AB - Moraxella spp., Pasteurella spp., and strains of P. anatipestifer were tested for biochemical reactions, growth temperature, viability, antibacterial sensitivity, and DNA base composition. P. anatipestifer was viable for shorter periods at 37 C, showed high resistance to polymyxin B and kanamycin, and had lower base composition than reported for Moraxella and Pasteurella spp. Because of these conditions, P. anatipestifer should be excluded from the genera Pasteurella and Moraxella. PMID- 7259677 TI - Immune response of the duck to particulate (red blood cell) antigens. AB - Young ducklings were inoculated intravenously (IV) twice with either chicken or sheep red blood cells (CRBC, SRBC). Breeder ducks were inoculated IV twice with an increased dose of CRBC. Sera of these actively immunized ducks and sera of day old ducklings from the CRBC-inoculated breeder ducks were tested for hemagglutinins in direct-hemagglutination (DHA) tests. The young ducklings and the breeders responded with very low DHA titers to CRBC and SRBC. Although ducklings inoculated with CRBC developed a true secondary response to a second CRBC inoculation, ducklings inoculated with SRBC failed to develop elevated titers after a second of SRBC inoculation. Half the breeders failed to develop higher titers to a second CRBC inoculation. Sera from the majority of day-old ducklings hatched from eggs laid after one inoculation of the breeders had no or only minimal DHA activity. Sera of ducklings hatched from eggs laid after the second inoculation had somewhat higher DHA titers, and in greater proportion. Still, many of those duckling sera had no or minimal DHA titers. Results with Sephadex G-200 fractions indicated that hemagglutinins after one inoculation resided primarily in duck immunoglobulin M (DIgM). Sera of ducks inoculated twice with CRBC had hemagglutinating activity in DIgG, too. Hemagglutinating activity was demonstrated in both 2-mercaptoethanol-sensitive (DIgM) and -resistant (DIgG) antibodies. The conspicuously low titers in all DHA-positive sera agree with results of previous studies, suggesting that DIg's are deficient in immunological reactions requiring functional bivalency. PMID- 7259680 TI - Vaccination with F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum to reduce production losses in layer chickens. AB - The effect of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection or vaccination of Conn. F strain MG on 45 weeks of egg production was analyzed using production records from 132 flocks of commercial layer hens. The flocks were located in Pennsylvania, and the data were collected for two years. On the average, layers maintained free from infection with MG laid 15.7 more eggs/hen housed than the MG infected layers; figures were adjusted for layer-strain effect. This adjusted advantage decreased to 8.7 eggs/hen housed when uninfected flocks were compared with vaccinated flocks. Adjusted average production of vaccinated flocks was 7.0 eggs/hens housed more than production of MG-infected flocks. Egg production of four layer strains was observed with respect to vaccination or natural infection with MG. The four strains responded similarly whether vaccinated or infected. Route of vaccination and age of layer at time of vaccination influenced egg production of vaccinated birds. The adjusted average production/hen housed was 4.9 eggs greater for birds vaccinated via drinking water than for birds vaccinated via spray. The adjusted average was 10.3 eggs/hen housed greater for birds vaccinated between 8 and 18 weeks of age than for birds vaccinated after 18 weeks. PMID- 7259679 TI - Resistance and cross-resistance studies with narasin, a new polyether antibiotic anticoccidial drug. AB - The Wisconsin (Wis) strain and a field strain (FS-196) of Eimeria tenella were propagated in the presence of 80 ppm narasin in an attempt to select for narasin resistance. Comparisons of the narasin sensitivity of the selected strains (Wis NR and FS-196-NR) and of the parent strains (Wis and FS-196) from which they were derived revealed no resistance development. These findings agree with the results of similar studies with the polyether antibiotic anticoccidial drugs monensin and lasalocid and support the conclusion that chicken coccidia do not readily develop resistance to this class of anticoccidial drugs. In a separate series of experiments, the efficacy of narasin was evaluated against five E. tenella field strains, one each resistant to amprolium, clopidol, decoquinate, nicarbazin, and robenidine. Narasin effectively controlled infections that were inadequately controlled by the anticoccidial drugs to which the strains were resistant. There was no evidence of cross-resistance to narasin. PMID- 7259678 TI - Effect of time on response to Eimeria adenoeides and Eimeria meleagrimitis infection in young turkeys. AB - Physiologic characteristics were measured on day 7 postinoculation (PI) in 2-week old turkeys inoculated with 10(5) Eimeria adenoeides oocysts, in pair-fed controls, and in control turkeys fed ad libitum. Pathophysiologic responses were measured in turkeys inoculated with 7 x 10(4) E. adenoeides oocysts or 1.2 x 10(5) E. meleagrimitis oocysts and necropsied 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, and 21 days PI. At day 7 PI, weight gains and heart weights (as a percentage of body weight) of E. adenoeides-infected turkeys were significantly lower and plasma glucose levels significantly higher than those of pair-fed counterparts. Plasma carotenoid and protein levels of the infected turkeys were significantly lower than those of the controls fed ad libitum and were consistently, but not always significantly, lower that those of the pair-fed controls. Significant responses were first observed in E. meleagrimitis-infected turkeys on day 4 PI and in E. adenoeides infected birds on day 6 PI. Birds infected with both species commonly had reduced weight gains, heart weights, and plasma carotenoid levels and increased plasma aspartate aminotransferase levels. Plasma carotenoids in E. adenoeides-infected turkeys were significantly reduced on day 6 PI only, whereas plasma carotenoids in E. meleagrimitis-infected turkeys were sometimes reduced significantly as early as day 2 PI and remained significantly lower than control values through day 21 PI. PMID- 7259682 TI - The relationship between various production factors, condemnation, and downgrading in turkeys: factor analysis as a method of variable reduction. AB - Wholesomeness and grade inspection loss were monitored in a selected population of California turkeys. Of the several production variables normally measured in the production of meat turkeys, only "week of year place" and "temperature on date of processing" were found to be statistically significantly associated with "percent of flock receiving grade A." Factor analysis reduced the number of original variables, but some quality of the information resident in the original variables was lost. PMID- 7259681 TI - Induction of fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens by exogenous beta estradiol. PMID- 7259683 TI - Determination of types 1 and 2 hemagglutinins in serotypes of Hemophilus paragallinarum. AB - Type 1 hemagglutinin (HA) of Hemophilus paragallinarum (HPG) was found only in Page's serotypes A and B and in Kato's serotypes I and III of HPG. Type 2 HA was found in all serotypes of HPG. Hemagglutination-inhibition test revealed no serological differences among the type 2 HA of Kato's serotypes. PMID- 7259685 TI - Selective killing of macrophages in the peritoneal cavity by carrageenan and its effect on normal infection of Eimeria tenella in chickens. AB - An in vivo method is described showing how selective killing of macrophages in the peritoneal cavity by carrageenan affects Eimeria tenella infection in chickens. Killing of macrophages was demonstrated by the increasing loss of cytoplasmic contents under light microscopy, by the disappearance of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum ultrastructurally, and by the about 10%-per-hr loss of nonspecific esterase activity as uptake of carrageenan increased. Heterophils were apparently unaffected. Effect of such a selective killing on E. tenella infection seemed to be greatest when the carrageenan was injected intraperitoneally 24 hr before oocyst inoculation per os, but effect after the oocysts were inoculated was minimal or nonexistent. That chickens injected with carrageenan twice (once 24 hr before and once 48 hr after E. tenella inoculation) showed higher lesion scores with 15,000 oocysts than the controls showed with 60,000 oocysts further demonstrated the participation of macrophages in E. tenella infection. PMID- 7259684 TI - Serotypes of Pasteurella anatipestifer isolated from commercial White Pekin ducks in the United States. AB - Pasteurella anatipestifer isolates from commercially raised, clinically diseased White Pekin ducks were serotyped by agglutination and agar-gel precipitin methods. Plate agglutination was found to be the most suitable test for preliminary classification. Based on National Animal Disease Center (Ames, Iowa) nomenclature, six serotypes were classified as types 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 8. These were compared with strains held by Houghton Poultry Research Station (Houghton, Huntingdon, England), at present constituting 15 serotypes (A to O), isolated in England and other countries. Serotype 1 was found to be identical to serotype A, the strain most commonly associated with outbreaks of the disease in England. Serotype 3 was found to be identical to serotype L, which was isolated from an outbreak of the disease in swans in Tasmania. Types 5, 7, and 8 did not react with any of the typing sera available, but serotype 7 was found to be identical to a strain (type N) isolated subsequently in England. More than 95% of field isolations made from 1975 to 1979 belonged to serotypes 1, 2, and 5. PMID- 7259686 TI - A comparison of culturing drag swabs and litter for identification of infections with Salmonella spp. in commercial chicken flocks. AB - The use of a culture of a 5-g litter sample and the use of drag swab to detect Salmonellae infections in broiler and parent breeding flocks were compared to determine sensitivity of the techniques. The methods were equally sensitive in 32 breeding houses. Both identified the same sheds as being contaminated, and the identical serotypes were recovered. In broiler flocks, however, contamination of 7 of 13 sheds was detected with drag swabs, whereas only 5 were detected by litter culture. In a repeat experiment in broiler sheds, 3 sheds were detected as positive by the culture of litter, 9 by drag-swab culture. All sheds found positive by culture of cacae at processing had been identified by drag-swab culture during the life of the broilers. It was concluded that drag-swab culture was a reliable and cheap method of monitoring large numbers of chicken flocks for infections with Salmonella spp. PMID- 7259687 TI - Effect of paramyxovirus yucaipa on fertility, hatchability, and poult yield of turkeys. PMID- 7259688 TI - Feather lesions in cyclophosphamide-treated chickens. AB - One-day-old White Leghorn chickens each treated with 4 mg of cyclophosphamide for 3 consecutive days developed feather lesions 4 days after treatment. The lesions were characterized by short feathers with an absence of barbs mainly in the proximal portion and sometimes in the mid- or distal portion of the rachis. The lesions disappeared when the chickens were 4 weeks old. PMID- 7259689 TI - Intranasal caseous fibrinous plug causing upper respiratory distress in two African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus). AB - Two cases of intranasal caseous fibrinous plugs causing upper respiratory distress in two African grey parrots are described. The causal bacterial agents in one case were Klebsiella spp., Bacillus mycoides, Staphylococcus epidermitis, and Pasteurella multocida. Both cases produced pressure necrosis and obstruction of the naris. PMID- 7259690 TI - Hemodilution, vasopressin suppression, and diuresis during water immersion in man. AB - We hypothesize that hemodilution in the early stages of water immersion plays an important role in vasopressin (AVP) suppression and subsequent diuresis. Ten men (19-24 years) were immersed to the neck in a semireclining position for 8 h in 34.6 degree C tap water. After 8 h of immersion there were decreases (p less than 0.05) in plasma volume (PV) of 15.6%, extracellular volume (ECV) of 18.8%, interstitial volume (ISV) of 19.6%, and red cell volume of 10.7%. Hemodilution (hyposmotem years) were immersed to the neck in a semireclining position for 8 h in 34.6 degree C tap water. After 8 h of immersion there were decreases (p less than 0.05) in plasma volume (PV) of 15.6%, extracellular volume (ECV) of 18.8%, interstitial volume (ISV) of 19.6%, and red cell volume of 10.7%. Hemodilution (hyposmotem years) were immersed to the neck in a semireclining position for 8 h in 34.6 degree C tap water. After 8 h of immersion there were decreases (p less than 0.05) in plasma volume (PV) of 15.6%, extracellular volume (ECV) of 18.8%, interstitial volume (ISV) of 19.6%, and red cell volume of 10.7%. Hemodilution (hyposmotem of 4 mosmol/kg H2O) and near maximal suppression of AVP (to 0.5 pg/ml) and plasma renin activity (to 0.4 ng Ang 1 .ml-1.h-1) were evident by hour 2 of immersion. The early hemodilution (2-2 h) was due to a slight increase in PV with no change in plasma Na+ or osmotic content, even though urine volume and UosmV increased significantly. The hyposmotemia and PRA suppression continued throughout immersion in spite of the progressively increasing diuresis and decreasing PV. These findings suggest the transfer of hypotonic fluid into the vascular system; this fluid does not appear to come from the intracellular volume. We conclude that hyposmotemia is an important part of the mechanism contributing to AVP suppression during water immersion. PMID- 7259691 TI - Experimental motion sickness: efficacy of transdermal scopolamine plus ephedrine. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the efficacy of transdermal therapeutic system-scopolamine administered alone and combined with ephedrine sulfate given orally in doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg. Eight normal male students were exposed to stressful accelerations in a slow-rotation room after receiving 10 apparently identical treatments comprising the four drugs and six placebos. Efficacy of the drug was defined in terms of the placebo range and categorized as beneficial, inconsequential, or detrimental. None of the effects was detrimental. Overall beneficial effects were 60% for transdermal therapeutic system scopolamine (plus placebo) and 57% for the three transdermal therapeutic system scopolamine plus ephedrine combinations. PMID- 7259692 TI - Acute and chronic propylene glycol dinitrate exposure in the monkey. AB - Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were exposed to propylene glycol 1,2-dinitrate (PGDN) vapors on either an acute (4-h) or chronic (125-d) schedule. During acute exposures, PGDN concentrations ranged from a low of 2 ppm (parts per million) to a high of 33 ppm. Free operant avoidance behavior and visual evoked responses were monitored and free operant avoidance was not affected at any dose level. The late positive (100-150 ms) wave of the visual evoked response increased 20% at 2 ppm and decreased 25% at concentrations up to 33 ppm. Although these changes were statistically different from control values, they were within the limits caused by distracting events (+/-40%), and might possibly have been caused by the irritating or distracting properties of the vapor. Other monkeys were exposed to successively increasing concentrations of PGDN vapors at 0.3-4.2 ppm. 23 h/d, for 125 d. Daily performance testing included alternating sessions of discrete-trial cued avoidance and free operant avoidance. Non of the PGDN concentrations had a discernible effect on either type of avoidance performance. PMID- 7259693 TI - Autonomic responses of high-altitude natives during sojourn at plains and on return to altitude. AB - The study was conducted on 20 high-altitude natives (HAN-I) 19-32 years old, to evaluate the changes in autonomic responses during their 2-months sojourn on the plains, and on return to high altitude (HA). The autonomic indices measured were heart rate HR), blood pressure (BP), oral temperature (Tor), mean skin temperature (Tsk), respiratory rate (RR), Cold pressor response (CPR), HR response to tilt at 70 degree, and alpha index (AI) of EEG (occipital). These indices were recorded periodically during the 2 months of their stay on the plains, and thereafter on return to altitude for a period of 1 month. For comparison, the same responses were studied on 10 lowlanders (LL) on the plains and on induction to HA along with HAN-I. The study was repeated at altitude, once on 10 HAN who had never been to the plains (HAN-II) and on 10 acclimatised lowlanders. The results suggest that the relative parasympathetic dominance observed in natives at HA showed a gradual decrease during their sojourn on the plains, probably due to the elevation in sympathetic activity. On return to high altitude, they showed further increase in sympathetic excitation, as observed in LL on acute induction, but the magnitude of this response was less in natives. However, they showed a trend to faster return of autonomic responses to their initial level compared to LL. PMID- 7259694 TI - Cardiac decompression sickness: report and discussion of a case. AB - A case of first degree atrio-ventricular block, probably representing cardiac involvement by decompression sickness, is presented. The conduction defect resolved spontaneously 36 h after the initiating decompression insult, and was not accompanied by any other cardiovascular changes. The contribution of a recompression treatment, which alleviated accompanying Type I decompression sickness (DCS) symptoms, to the resolution of cardiac DCS is not certain. Cardiac symptoms of DCS do not receive enough consideration. It is suggested that an electrocardiogram should, whenever possible, form part of the basic evaluation of suspected DCS and of the initial workup of candidates for diving. A flow diagram for management of cardiac DCS is proposed. PMID- 7259695 TI - Periodontal disease in military aircrew members: a clinical and radiographical study. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate, clinically as well as radiographically, the periodontal conditions of aircrew members in comparison to an age-matched control group of nonflying individuals with similar sociomedical background. Seventy pilots from the Swedish Air Force, ranging in age from 20-54 years, participated in the study. The age-matched control group consisted of 24 military officers not occupationally involved in flying. The clinical examination comprised the following parameters: number of teeth, plaque index, gingival index, probing depths, and loss of attachment. In addition, a complete set of intraoral roentgenograms was taken using a parallel technique. In the roentgenograms, the height of the interproximal alveolar bone was assessed at six predetermined teeth in each jaw. All participants were also asked to fill out a questionnaire concerning their dental care and oral hygiene habits. The results from the clinical and radiographical examinations showed that the periodontal conditions of both groups of participants in the present study were better than that of the average Swedish population, but did not reveal any major differences between aircrew members and nonflying individuals. It was concluded that flying conditions per se do not result in an increased rate of periodontal tissue breakdown. PMID- 7259696 TI - Reasons for eliminating the "age 60" regulation for airline pilots. AB - The calendar age of 60 is no longer medically justifiable as an upper age limit for airline pilots. Advances in gerontologic studies, clinical medicine, and operational flight proficiency evaluations, now allow individual pilot assessments for health status and performance capability. Individualizing the career duration of pilots by eliminating the present age 60 upper limitation will enhance flight safety and efficiency as healthy pilots continue their productive careers. PMID- 7259698 TI - The guidance of saccadic eye movements to perceptually mislocalized visual an non visual targets. AB - The present experiment examined whether saccadic eye movements to visual targets are dependent on the perceived directions of the targets or on their retinally specified directions. Perceptual mislocalizations of visual targets were induced by having the target light attached to a subject's stationary hand while his biceps or triceps muscle was vibrated. Such vibration leads to apparent extension or flexion of the subject's restrained forearm and perceived visual motion of the stationary target light (6-8). Subjects always made accurate saccadic eye movements to a visual target, even when the target was perceptually mislocalized by as much as 20 degrees. By contrast, when subjects made saccadic eye movements to a nonvisual target, the location of their hand in the dark, they always looked to the perceived direction of the target even though it did not necessarily correspond to the true direction. These findings indicate that a distinction is maintained between "reflexive aspects" of oculomotor control related to foveation and the computation of perceived visual direction. PMID- 7259697 TI - Correlations between visual test results and flying performance on the advanced simulator for pilot training (ASPT). AB - Looking for visual differences in pilots to account for differences in flying performance, we tested five groups of subjects: Air Force primary student jet pilots, graduating (T38 aircraft) students, Air Force pilot instructors, and two control groups made up of experienced nonpilot aircrew and nonflying civilians. This interim report compares 13 different visual test results with low-visibility landing performance on the Air Force Human Resources Laboratory ASPT simulator. Performance was assessed by the number of crashes and by the distance of the aircraft from the runway threshold at the time of the first visual flight correction. Our main finding was that, for student pilots, landing performance correlated with tracking performance for a target that changed size (as if moving in depth) and also with tracking performance for a target that moved sideways. On the other hand, landing performance correlated comparatively weakly with psychophysical thresholds for motion and contrast. For student pilots, several of the visual tests gave results that correlated with flying grades in T37 and T38 jet aircraft. Tracking tests clearly distinguished between the nonflying group and all the flying groups. On the other hand, visual threshold tests did not distinguish between nonflying and flying groups except for grating contrast, which distinguished between the nonflying group and the pilot instructors. The sideways-motion tracking task was sensitive enough to distinguish between the various flying groups. PMID- 7259699 TI - The effects of visual discrimination of image movement across the stationary retina. AB - The visual performance of human subjects has been investigated during presentation of a digital display moving at constant velocity with regard to the stationary eye. The display was presented for brief periods (10-80 ms) at different luminance levels (0.5-8 cd/m2), contrast levels (1-16), and display sizes (character height 12-24' of arc). The probability of correctly identifying the display decreased to 90% when the velocity reached 3-4 degrees/s. Performance was improved by increasing digit size, decreasing exposure time, or increasing display luminance. Theoretical arguments have been adduced to indicate the usefulness of the results in predicting performance during continuous display exposure. PMID- 7259701 TI - The transportable recompression rescue chamber as an alternative to delayed treatment in serious diving accidents. AB - This report summarizes experience in the use of a Transportable Recompression Rescue Chamber (TRRC) for one man in the rapid initiation of treatment and evacuation in severe scuba diving accidents. An evacuation system is described which incorporates the centralized management of all diving accidents and standardized TRRCs capable of interlocking under pressure with the stationary medical chamber. Oxygen breathing capability in the TRRC allows the use of up-to date U.S. Navy oxygen treatment tables. Included are 19 cases of Type II decompression sickness and pulmonary barotrauma with neurological manifestations, most of which occurred at remote diving sites with no nearby walk-in chambers. Case analysis includes distance and means of evacuation, delay in initiating therapy, time spent in TRRC, and initial and final outcome. Together, TRRCs and airborne evacuation to a stationary medical chamber insures a minimal delay between the onset of symptoms and the start of recompression therapy. The use of the TRRC is a prime factor in minimizing delay. No complications associated with the use of TRRCs have been encountered. Ideally, evacuation should be made in a pressurized two-compartment (for a victim and an attendant) chamber. However, if this is not available we strongly advocate the use of one-man pressurized TRRCs over unpressurized evacuation. PMID- 7259700 TI - Effects of whole-body vibrations on sensory motor system performance in man. AB - The effects of whole body vibration (WBV) were studied on subjects trained to perform on tasks involving blindfolded arm positioning (proprioceptive tasks), tracking of visual targets and control of static and dynamic torques. Subjects were vibrated in a seated position by means of a hydraulic jack. The vibration used (0.1 G at floor level and 18 Hz) was that occasionally encountered on medium size cruising helicopter. The seat was that of a heliccopter pilot whose foam cushion was 6 cm thick with a density of 26 kg/m3. Systematic past-pointing was observed for both arm flexion and extension. Foot and arm visual tracking precision, as determined by position and velocity errors, increased in both directions. Static and dynamic control, rated by torque holding stability and torque amplitude precision, were also significantly altered compared to pre stimulus readings. The results are interpreted in relation to current knowledge of the effects of vibration induced at spinal, vestibular, and central nervous system levels. It is concluded that the proprioceptive system through which vibration-induced afferents enter the neurological networks is the common denominator for the observed alterations of the position, velocity, and force controls. Our observations suggest that particular care should be taken in helicopters and other vibrating vehicles to prevent vibration from reaching muscular masses, especially those involved in motor tasks. PMID- 7259702 TI - The involvement of the locus coeruleus in memory. PMID- 7259703 TI - Evaluation of short-term cue recollection following entorhinal cortical lesions in rats. PMID- 7259704 TI - Transections involving the direct subiculum-anterior thalamic fibers: effects on cue utilization in the straight alley. PMID- 7259706 TI - Prenatal auditory discrimination in the bobwhite quail. PMID- 7259707 TI - Sensory-motor function in the aging rat. PMID- 7259705 TI - Effects of pregnancy on the maintenance of maternal behavior in the rat. PMID- 7259708 TI - Early auditory and visual function in normal and hyperthyroid rats. PMID- 7259710 TI - Deprivation of the Visual and Tactile aspects of food important to learning performance of an appetitive task by chicks. PMID- 7259709 TI - Methylphenidate impairs learning and memory in normal adults. PMID- 7259711 TI - Atropine disrupts passive avoidance learning in young chicks. PMID- 7259712 TI - The time course of changes in open field activity following bilateral entorhinal lesions in rats and cats. PMID- 7259714 TI - Differential aversive effects of mesencephalic central gray stimulation in two inbred strains of mice. PMID- 7259713 TI - Failure of albino guinea pigs to exhibit Lavin's poisoned partner effect. PMID- 7259715 TI - Effects of progesterone withdrawal and estrogen on maternal behavior in nulliparous rats. PMID- 7259716 TI - Spontaneous kicking in month-old infants: manifestation of a human central locomotor program. PMID- 7259717 TI - Exaggerated consumption of saccharide solutions following experimental portacaval anastomosis in rats. PMID- 7259718 TI - Reaction to olfactory stimuli in odor-exposed rats. PMID- 7259720 TI - Using the triple test cross to investigate the genetics of behavior in wild populations. I. Methodological considerations. PMID- 7259721 TI - Responses of cattle to humans in open spaces: breed comparisons and approach avoidance relationships. PMID- 7259722 TI - Hand usage in a colony of bonnet monkeys, Macaca radiata. AB - Handedness and its possible inheritance have been studied in a colony of 69 Macaca radiata by observation of hand usage during daily feeding and foraging activities. Each animal was observed for the number of right- and left-handed actions made during two tasks:feeding and searching. Individual animals fell into one of three classes: significantly right-handed, significantly left-handed, and no significant preference. For analysis, handedness was considered as both a directional phenomenon (percentage right-handed usage) and a degree phenomenon (absolute deviation from 50:50 hand usage). Feeding and searching were significantly correlated for both direction and degree. Therefore, laterality for handedness does exist in this primate species. A developmental aspect to laterality was suggested by the positive correlation of degree with age. No mother-offspring correlations were found for either direction or degree and half sibships were not more similar for either. Thus, there is no evidence for a genetic component to either direction or degree of handedness. PMID- 7259719 TI - Spouse similarity in newlyweds with respect to specific cognitive abilities, socioeconomic status, and education. AB - Newlywed spouses (N = 215 couples) were tested on 21 tests of specific cognitive abilities and responded to a questionnaire on their educational and socioeconomic (SES) background. A comparison of the present spouse correlations with those of long-standing marriages suggests that spouses resemble each other in abilities from the start and that the degree of resemblance changes little over time. The low spouse correlations for SES of origin (their parents) suggests that education is the chief SES variable by which spouse selection takes place. Spouse resemblance in education and parental SES could explain almost all of the spouse correlations in perceptual speed and spatial ability. However, a small but significant degree of spouse similarity in verbal and reasoning abilities was independent of education and SES. PMID- 7259723 TI - Correlated changes in feeding behavior on selection for large and small body size in mice. AB - An automated method was used to record the temporal pattern of feeding of lines of mice selected over 15 generations for high and low body weight (L-mice and S mice, respectively). Both L-mice and S-mice eat in meals concentrated during the night, and meal frequency is similar in the two lines, but L-mice consume much larger meals, each made up of many more separate feeding bouts. The outbred strain from which the selected lines were derived has a similar basic pattern of feeding in meals, which becomes like that of L-mice when the animal's thermogenic metabolic rate is high, and like that of S-mice when it is low, suggesting that the differences between the feeding patterns of the two selected lines are a secondary consequence of alterations in whole body metabolic rate. PMID- 7259724 TI - Mucous glands of the skin of Rana ridibunda. A histochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - The histochemical study of Rana ridibunda mucous glands has demonstrated the existence of neutral, sialic and sulphated mucins in their secretions. Ultrastructural studies have revealed three different granule types depending on the secretory state of the gland cells. The correlating of these data suggests the possibility of a secretory cycle within the gland. PMID- 7259725 TI - Comparative histochemistry as a springboard for the discovery of biogenic amines and active peptides in molluscan tissues and amphibian skin. AB - Histochemistry has been the springboard for the identification in molluscan tissues (hypobranchial body and salivary glands) and amphibian skin of a number of biogenic amines, choline esters and active peptides. Among the biogenic amines 5-HT and related indolealkylamines, octopamine, tyramine and several histamines are to be listed; among the choline esters murexine, dihydromurexine, senecioylcholine and acryloylcholine; among the peptides an array of compounds belonging to at least ten different peptide families. 5-HT, octopamine, tyramine and histamine are present, together with representatives of some peptide families in the posterior salivary glands of octopods, the hypobranchial body of prosobranchiate molluscs and the amphibian skin. This points to the possible occurrence in the above structures of cells belonging to the Pearse's APUD series, intended in its broadest sense. Immunocytochemical studies and even ultrastructural studies on amine and peptide storing cells in molluscan tissues and amphibian skin are virtually lacking. This is certainly a gap that deserves to be filled, considering that these studies may help in elucidating problems of general relevance in invertebrates and vertebrates. PMID- 7259726 TI - The endocrine cells of the bovine cardiac glands. AB - The research is carried on cardiac glands region of the abomasum of the bull by both descriptive and cytochemical ultrastructure. The propose is to compare the present results on this gastric zone to those previously obtained in the other zones of bovine abomasum and the few data referred by other workers in monogastrics. The endocrine cells (Diffuse Neuroendocrine System) identified are in type and order of frequency: EC, ECL, X, D, D1 and these results correspond to those of the proper gastric glands region in the same species. In addition, their lack in luminal connection and their peculiar relationship with the parietal cells is similar in the two zones. On the other hand, a full comparison with monogastrics is not yet possible because analogous studies on the cardiac glands of other species are sparse. PMID- 7259727 TI - Exogenous UDP-xylose can inhibit UDP-glucose dehydrogenase activity of cultured human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 7259728 TI - [Classification of chronic capsule ligament instabilities of the knee joint. Part II: Therapy]. PMID- 7259729 TI - [Late results in Kromer's side ligament plastic surgery of the knee joint]. PMID- 7259730 TI - [Pathology, clinical aspects and therapy of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the adult knee (Ahlback disease)]. PMID- 7259731 TI - [Hallux valgus surgery with implantation of a silicone rubber endo-prosthesis]. PMID- 7259732 TI - [Therapy with hyperbaric oxygen in modern traumatology]. PMID- 7259733 TI - [The use of ultrasonics in the operative management of post-traumatic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7259735 TI - [Discussion remarks on the article "Further indications, and personal results with the intravenous regional anesthesia in accident surgery practice" by G. Tant and J. Berg]. PMID- 7259736 TI - Calicivirus detected in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in school children. AB - Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis occurred in AK and N Primary Schools of Osaka Prefecture early in March and early in November, respectively, 1977. Epidemiological surveys were carried out in both schools with the following results. The morbidity rates were 21.8% (AK) and 8.5% (N) among all pupils, and 41.7% (AK) and 36.8% (N) in special age groups. The main clinical symptoms were abdominal pain (77.2-91.3%), diarrhea (38.4-41.3%) and vomiting (6.5-41.6%). Electron microscopic observations of negatively stained specimens showed that five of 15 fecal extracts obtained from patients in the two schools contained virus particles of 35-40 nm diameter with some black hollows on the surface of complete particles and ten projection-like structures at the edge of empty shells. These morphological characteristics resemble those of calicivirus particles. Immune electron microscopic examination suggested that outbreak in AK School was associated with this virus. Attempts to cultivate the viruses in various cultured cells and in suckling mice were unsuccessful. PMID- 7259734 TI - [Dupuytren's contracture - results of surgical therapy]. PMID- 7259738 TI - Measurement of distance between fluorescent amino acid residues and metal ion binding sites. Quantitation of energy transfer between tryptophan and terbium(III) or europium(III) in thermolysin. PMID- 7259737 TI - The state of the lipids in the purple membrane of Halobacterium cutirubrum as seen by 31P NMR. PMID- 7259739 TI - F19 relaxation as a probe of the oxidation state of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase. Studies of the enzyme in steady-state turnover. PMID- 7259740 TI - Binding of acetaldehyde to rat liver microsomes: enhancement after chronic alcohol consumption. PMID- 7259741 TI - Human uropod bearing lymphocytes: isolation of a factor from human milk that abrogates the uropod inhibitory protein from human serum. PMID- 7259742 TI - The partial purification of rabbit liver cytochrome P450-LM2-mRNA. PMID- 7259743 TI - The acyl chain requirement of phosphatidyl choline in the inhibition concanavalin A simulated blastogenesis. PMID- 7259744 TI - Decrease in phytochrome pelletability induced by green + far-red light in Trifolium repens. PMID- 7259745 TI - Effects of porphyrinogenic (porphyria-producing) agents on avian embryonic hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity. PMID- 7259746 TI - Substrate specificity of Diplococcal beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, a useful enzyme for the structural studies of complex type asparagine-linked sugar chains. PMID- 7259747 TI - Effects of laminin, proteoglycan and type IV collagen, components of basement membranes, on platelet aggregation. PMID- 7259748 TI - Acid and neutral triacylglycerol ester hydrolases in rat heart. PMID- 7259749 TI - Fibronectin and collagen of cultured skin fibroblasts in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7259750 TI - Thyroglobulin structure-function: anilinonaphthalene sulfonate binding and the definition of nonpolar sites on native bovine thyroglobulin. PMID- 7259751 TI - Mechanism of action of oxfenicine on muscle metabolism. PMID- 7259752 TI - Subcellular distribution of coenzyme A: evidence for a separate coenzyme A pool in peroxisomes. PMID- 7259753 TI - The isolation of characterization of gamma 3-melanotropin from the neurointermediary lobe of the rat pituitary. PMID- 7259754 TI - Pamamycin inhibits nucleoside and inorganic phosphate transport in Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7259755 TI - Molecular pharmacology of the haloethyl nitrosoureas: formation of 6 hydroxyethylguanine in DNA treated with BCNU (N,N1-bis[2-chloroethyl]-N nitrosourea). PMID- 7259756 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for abnormal water transport in Duchenne muscular dystrophy erythrocytes. PMID- 7259757 TI - Photoacoustic spectroscopy of cattle visual pigment at low temperature. PMID- 7259758 TI - Interconversion of high density lipoproteins during incubation of human plasma. PMID- 7259759 TI - Increase in histidine decarboxylase activity in mouse skin after application of the tumor promoter tetradecanoylphorbol acetate. PMID- 7259760 TI - Prolactin modifies the fluidity of rat liver membranes. PMID- 7259761 TI - Contribution of the peptide backbone to the binding of peptides and hormones to neurophysin. PMID- 7259762 TI - The effect of oxytetracycline and some related antibiotics upon the gamma-carboxy glutamic acid level in bone and kidney cortex. PMID- 7259764 TI - A case of homozygous delta thalassemia not due to a deletion of the delta globin structural gene. PMID- 7259763 TI - Acetylcholine receptor inactivation in Torpedo californica electroplax membrane vesicles. Detection of two processes in the millisecond and second time regions. PMID- 7259765 TI - Transient increase in prostaglandin production as an acute response of thyroid isolated follicles to thyrotropin. PMID- 7259766 TI - Peripheral dopamine receptor identification: properties of a specific dopamine receptor in the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa. PMID- 7259767 TI - Opposite modulation by uncoupling and electron transport limitation of the Kmapp of ADP for photophosphorylation. PMID- 7259768 TI - The effect of salts on the kinetics of iron release from N-terminal and C terminal monoferrictransferrins. PMID- 7259769 TI - Characterization of two different messenger ribonucleoprotein particles isolated from a postpolysomal fraction of the rabbit reticulocyte lysate. PMID- 7259770 TI - Carotenoid biosynthesis. In vitro conversion of antheraxanthin to capsanthin by a chromoplast enriched fraction of capsicum fruits. PMID- 7259772 TI - Proof of nanosecond timescale relaxation in apomyoglobin by phase fluorometry. PMID- 7259771 TI - Synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate by carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I in the absence of acetylglutamate. Activation of the enzyme by cryoprotectants. PMID- 7259774 TI - Light inactivation of transaldolase in pea leaf chloroplasts. PMID- 7259775 TI - DNA-ferrous iron catalyzed hydroxyl free radical formation from hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 7259773 TI - A model of flavin adenine dinucleotide exhibiting intramolecular hydrogen bonding: crystal structure of 7,8-dimethylisoalloxazine-10-acetic acid-adenin-9 ylethylamine heptahydrate complex. PMID- 7259776 TI - Very long chain fatty acid oxidation in rat liver. PMID- 7259777 TI - Degradative plasmid TOL provided singlet oxygen resistance for Pseudomonas strains. PMID- 7259778 TI - Strange double helix of poly (dA-dT) in high-salt solution. PMID- 7259779 TI - The amino terminal amino acid sequence of human angiotensinogen. PMID- 7259780 TI - The prealbumin nature of the amyloid protein in familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP)-swedish variety. PMID- 7259781 TI - Effect of 1,2-dimethoxyethane on potato phosphorylase for polysaccharide specificity. PMID- 7259782 TI - Developmental changes of rats intestinal glycolipids. PMID- 7259783 TI - Inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet arachidonic acid release by 15 hydroperoxy-arachidonic acid. PMID- 7259784 TI - Inhibition of the vaccinia virus associated ribonuclease by Hela S3 cytosol. PMID- 7259785 TI - 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate induced alterations in mouse epidermal 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase. PMID- 7259786 TI - Requirement of different ionic concentrations for optimal translation of alpha and beta globin mRNA in Krebs II Ascites cell-free system. PMID- 7259788 TI - Multiple species of ornithine decarboxylase in rat tissues: effects of dexamethasone. PMID- 7259787 TI - Isoprene-the main hydrocarbon in human breath. PMID- 7259789 TI - Hypoxia and drug metabolism. PMID- 7259790 TI - The effect of chloride on the binding of warfarin to albumin as a function of pH. PMID- 7259792 TI - Contribution of cyanate to the albumin binding defect of uremia. PMID- 7259791 TI - The accumulation of putrescine into slices of rat lung and brain and its relationship to the accumulation of paraquat. PMID- 7259793 TI - Pharmacological specificity of synaptosomal and synaptic membrane gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport processes. PMID- 7259794 TI - Studies on the mechanism of drug-induced lipidosis. Cationic amphiphilic drug inhibition of lysosomal phospholipases A and C. PMID- 7259795 TI - Inactivation of hepatic cytochrome P-450 by a 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole insecticide synergist. PMID- 7259796 TI - Effects of chronic administration of pentobarbital or morphine on the brain microsomal cytochrome P-450 system. PMID- 7259797 TI - Potentiation of hydralazine-induced convulsion by isoniazid in rats. PMID- 7259799 TI - The arthropathy of advanced progressive systemic sclerosis. A radiographic survey. PMID- 7259798 TI - Identification of the bioactive enantiomer of erythro-3-(adenin-9-yl)-2-nonanol (EHNA), a semi-tight binding inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. PMID- 7259800 TI - Blind evaluation of the diagnostic specificity of nailfold capillary microscopy in the connective tissue diseases. PMID- 7259802 TI - The epidemiology of giant cell arteritis including temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Incidences of different clinical presentations and eye complications. AB - During a period of three years in Goteborg, Sweden, 126 cases of giant cell arteritis (GCA) were diagnosed. Histologic evidence of arteritis was found on temporal artery biopsy in 74 (59%). The total annual incidence of GCA was calculated to be 9.3 per 100,000 inhabitants. In the age group over 50, incidence was 28.6 per 100,000. For histologically proven GCA, the incidence was 5.5 per 100,000 of the total population. The corresponding figure in the age group over 50 was 16.8 per 100,000. Twenty-six patients (21%) had a clinical presentation of temporal arteritis, and 23 (18%) had a combined picture of temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). Sixty-seven (53%) had the PMR syndrome without any temporal symptoms, and 10 patients (8%) had a "silent" presentation with only general symptoms. The PMR syndrome was more common among women with GCA (79%) than among men (56%). The group of patients without muscular symptoms contained an equal number of men and women. Eye complications were seen in 15 patients (12%). In 6, the ocular symptoms were transient, while 9 suffered from permanent loss of vision. In 3 of these patients, temporal artery biopsy revealed no evidence of arteritis, and 5 had no clinical signs of localized temporal arteritis. PMID- 7259801 TI - Bone loss in adults receiving alternate day glucocorticoid therapy. A comparison with daily therapy. AB - Bone mineral content was measured by photon absorption densitometry in 25 patients with rheumatic diseases receiving glucocorticoids on an alternate day treatment schedule, and in 25 age-, sex-, and race-matched patients receiving daily steroid therapy. Mean values for cortical (diaphyseal) mass, trabecular (metaphyseal) mass, and the cortical/trabecular mass ratios were not different in the two groups. Steroid-induced osteopenia, defined as an elevated ratio of cortical to trabecular mass, occurred in both therapeutic regimens (8 of 25 on alternate day; 11 of 25 on daily). Therefore, bone loss was demonstrable in individuals on alternate day regimens. Serum levels of calcium, ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone were similar in the two groups. PMID- 7259803 TI - Antibiotic therapy of septic bursitis. Its implication in the treatment of septic arthritis. AB - Infected olecranon, prepatellar, and infrapatellar bursae offer a unique opportunity to study the response of a closed-space infection to antibiotic therapy. Using percutaneous needle aspirations, serial bursal fluids were cultured. The length of time necessary to achieve culture sterility with antibiotic therapy (an average of 4 days in 25 patients) was correlated with the duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis (r = 0.68, P less than 0.001). In patients treated within 2 weeks from onset of symptoms, bursal fluid sterility was achieved within 1 week of therapy, while longer duration of symptoms was associated with delayed response. When antibiotic therapy was continued for 5 additional days after documented culture sterility, all 19 patients in the prospective trial were cured (average followup period of 6.8 months). In septic bursitis, the effects of delay in treatment are deleterious by prolonging culture positivity despite adequate antibiotic therapy. By analogy, delay in treatment of septic arthritis may result in the persistence of an adverse environment which can lead to further articular damage. After accurate diagnosis of septic bursitis, a therapeutic approach consisting of prompt and appropriate antibiotic usage, frequent needle drainage, and treatment duration based on the culture results of serial aspirations is effective and may be applicable in the management of certain nongonococcal bacterial joint infections. PMID- 7259804 TI - Cervical discovertebral destruction, subaxial subluxation, and myelopathy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7259805 TI - Erosions of the temporomandibular joint in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7259806 TI - Synovial fluid analysis following menisectomy: a prospective study. PMID- 7259807 TI - Pericellular proteoglycan concentrations in early degenerative arthritis. PMID- 7259808 TI - Coexistent gout and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7259809 TI - Bowler's thumb. PMID- 7259810 TI - Kienbock's disease in gout. PMID- 7259811 TI - HLA antigens in Mexican patients with adult rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7259812 TI - Aneurysm of the sinus of valsalva secondary to rheumatoid nodulosis. PMID- 7259813 TI - Serum triglycerides, to be or not to be a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease? AB - The Stockholm Prospective Study--in a 14.5 year follow-up of 3486 men--found plasma triglycerides but not plasma cholesterol to be an independent risk factor for ischaemic heart disease. This finding stands in sharp contrast to the opposite results of the 8.5 year follow-up of the Western Collaborative Group Study. Differences between the two studies are discussed as one way of explaining the varying results--the most important probably being the use of different end points for the diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease, but geographical, environmental and ethnic differences may also be of importance. PMID- 7259814 TI - Effect of slow oxprenolol and a combination of slow oxprenolol and cyclopenthiazide on plasma lipoproteins. AB - The effect of slow oxprenolol on plasma lipoprotein concentrations was compared to that of combined therapy with slow oxprenolol and cyclopenthiazide. The design of the study was a double blind between patient investigation in which 9 subjects with mild hypertension received slow oxprenolol and 11 slow oxprenolol and cyclopenthiazide. Plasma lipoproteins were analysed at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks. Slow oxprenolol given alone resulted in a significant rise in plasma and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration whereas combined therapy with slow oxprenolol and cyclopenthiazide produced significant rises in plasma and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride. If one accepts that a rise in plasma or LDL cholesterol increases atherogenic risk more than a rise in plasma or VLDL triglyceride combined therapy is preferable. PMID- 7259816 TI - Regulation of diabetic serum growth factors for human vascular cells by the metabolic control of diabetes mellitus. AB - Serum factors from non-ketotic poorly controlled non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients stimulated growth and protein synthesis of human arterial smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts by 15-42%, compared to serum factors from well controlled diabetics. In contrast, the growth stimulating effect of pooled sera from well controlled diabetics did not differ from the effect of normal sera. Single sera from the same diabetics before and after improvement of the metabolic control stimulated cell growth to a similar degree as the respective pooled sera from different diabetic populations. As far as increased growth stimulation of vascular cells is related to increased angiopathic risk in diabetics, this metabolic regulation of growth factors supports the demand for a continuous optimal control of diabetic metabolism. PMID- 7259815 TI - Decreased and continued physical activity and plasma lipoprotein lipids in previously trained men. AB - Twenty-three moderately active apparently normal men aged 20-55 participated in a 4-month stamina training programme ending in a marathon run. Fourteen men decreased their training levels and 5 men continued training at the same level in the subsequent 2 months. Fasting lipoprotein lipid concentrations, anthropometric data, performance on a bicycle ergometer, reported values for alcohol consumption, smoking and weekly distance run were recorded at each phase of the study. Both groups of men showed significantly increased levels of plasma triglycerides (TG) and very low density lipoprotein triglycerides (VLDL-TG) during the detraining and continued training period. At the same time, plasma total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDC-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) increased significantly only in men who decreased their level of training. However, final mean values for plasma lipids and lipoproteins did not significantly differ between the 2 groups of men. It is concluded that levels of plasma lipids and lipoproteins, excepting VLDL-C, do not return to pretraining values during 2 months of detraining. PMID- 7259817 TI - Effect of hypothalamic stimulation on the endothelial morphology of the aorta in the conscious squirrel monkey. AB - The role of neurogenic factors in the development of atherosclerosis has not previously been studied in detail. In recent years evidence has accumulated to implicate endothelial injury as a primary stimulus for the proliferation of myo intimal cells resulting in the formation of the early morphologic lesion. In the present investigation, the effect on aortic endothelial morphology of repetitive electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in the conscious, unrestrained squirrel monkey, maintained on a cholesterol-free low-fat diet, has been studied. Stimulation was performed with a self-powered, miniaturized electronic stimulator connected to indwelling electrodes. Implanted nonstimulated animals served as controls. Endothelial injury in the form of cell degeneration, denudation, with plasma insudation and partial junctional separation were observed electron microscopically in stimulated animals compared with controls. These alterations were found to be independent of hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertension. Possible pathways for the induction of injury in this neurogenic model are: (1) direct, through neural circuits from the brain to the vessel wall, and (2) indirect, by elaboration of angiopathic substances inside or outside of the CNS, released into the circulation and transported to the vessel wall where they exert their effects. Reversibility of the endothelial injury progression to established lesions and mechanisms involved remain to be determined in further investigations. PMID- 7259818 TI - The mechanism of action of the hypocholesterolemic drug p-(1-adamantyloxy) aniline. AB - The effect of p-(1-adamantyloxy)-aniline (AOA) on the biliary secretion of cholesterol, bile salts, and phospholipids was studied in hypercholesterolemic rats. A second study was conducted using hypercholesterolemic rats with 14C labeled cholesterol pools for the purpose of determining the effects of AOA on cholesterol metabolism. Treatment with AOA (100 mg/kg, orally) daily for 1 week resulted in the increased secretion of biliary cholesterol, but did not affect the secretion of bile salts or phospholipids. This treatment also resulted in an increase in the fecal excretion of 14C-labeled neutral and acidic sterols, and in reductions of both the total radioactivity in the liver and liver cholesterol. The data presented support the conclusion that the hypocholesterolemic action of AOA is due to the increased secretion of cholesterol into the bile and to the increased fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile salts. PMID- 7259819 TI - Biomechanical properties of normal and fibrosclerotic human cerebral arteries. AB - Quasi-static passive mechanical properties of histologically fibrosclerotic and normal groups of human anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) and internal carotid arteries (ICA) were studied in vivo. Cylindrical arterial segments were subjected to slow, cyclic inflation by air in the range of 5-250 mm Hg intraluminal pressure at axial isometry. To characterize mechanical properties, incremental elastic modulus, incremental distensibility and strain energy density were computed from the continuously recorded pressure-external diameter curves. Compared to normal arteries, at identical intraluminal pressures, the elastic modulus of fibrosclerotic arteries was found to be 34-45% lower in ACA and 40-56% lower in ICA, and the radius to wall thickness ratio was 25-30% smaller in ACA and 37-38% smaller in ICA. Distensibility of fibrosclerotic arteries was not smaller than that of the normal vessels. There were no significant differences in internal radius and in strain energy density between the fibrosclerotic and normal groups. Results of mathematical modelling suggests that the observed decrease in the elastic modulus of fibrosclerotic arteries was accompanied by different types of structural reorganization in the case of ACA and ICA. It is supposed that changes in mechanical properties of the passive wall elements have a compensatory character to restore some hemodynamically important properties of fibrosclerotic arteries, namely tangential stress, incremental distensibility or characteristic impedance. PMID- 7259821 TI - Scanning electron-microscopic study of the anastomosed vein of arteriovenous fistulae. AB - A scanning electron-microscopic study of experimentally-induced arteriovenous fistulae in rabbits was conducted to investigate the haemodynamically-induced endothelial changes caused by the shunt. Animals were examined from 5 to 696 days postoperatively. The initial endothelial denudation in the vicinity of the anastomosis was rapidly repaired and by 15-20 days re-endotheliazation was complete. Severe surface changes were found in the region of greatest turbulence, opposite the shunt. Changes characteristically consisted of craters, scallops, mounds and ridges, fused together to give a moonscape-like appearance. This area, termed the "jet lesion", was covered with polygonal endothelial cells with thickened, distorted and often highly-crenated margins. The margin of the fistula, where shear stress was expected to be high, exhibited flattened, elongated, generally fusiform endothelial cells with serrated margins. They were aligned parallel to the blood flow, whereas those in the "jet lesion"were polygonal and randomly orientated. These profound changes in the endothelium and the underlying connective tissues, observed as early as 15 days postoperatively, revealed the extent and severity of the effect of haemodynamics on the wall. PMID- 7259820 TI - Coarctation of the aorta. A risk factor in children for the development of arteriosclerosis. AB - Pressure recordings in 120 patients, aged 0-35 years, undergoing operation for coarctation of the aorta, show a slow but steady rise in both systolic and diastolic peak pressures, the highest peak registered being in patients aged 16 18 years. The finding of significant morphological changes in the aorta in this age group is the rule and these arteriosclerotic changes become more severe as the patients get older. In long-standing coarctation, the degree of mineralisation proximally is up to 10 times higher than distally. The microscopic and ultrastructural changes in the proximal segment are essentially arteriosclerotic. In conclusion, the role of coarctation of the aorta in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis is essentially that of hypertension, a most important risk factor of arteriosclerosis. Since arteriosclerosis also develops in the region of low blood pressure, other factors are operative. We suppose that the reduced pulse and volume pressures, which in turn diminish the "windkessel" function of the aorta may effect a change in the blood flow patterns to favour the development of arteriosclerosis. PMID- 7259822 TI - Correlation between intimal thickness and fluid shear in human arteries. AB - A realistic pulsatile flow was passed through a cast of the aortic bifurcation of a 63-year-old male with mild atherosclerosis, and a laser Doppler anemometer was used to measure fluid velocities in the cast at 15 selected sites near the lateral and medial walls. Intimal, medial and adventitial thickness were measured, and sudanophilia was scored, at corresponding sites in the vessel from which the cast had been made. A negative correlation was found between intimal thickness (IT) and wall shear rate (i.e., the velocity gradient at the blood artery interface). The strongest negative correlation (P less than 0.005) was between IT and "pulse shear rate" (PSR), defined by analogy with pulse pressure. Sudanophilia also correlated negatively with PSR (P less than 0.01). These results suggest that large excursions of interfacial shear, at levels too low to cause damage, may inhibit intimal thickening. PMID- 7259824 TI - Comparative effect of clofibrate, garlic and onion on alimentary hyperlipemia. AB - The effect of clofibrate on the same subjects in similar test conditions were used as a control to verify the alleged beneficial effects from garlic and onion on alimentary hyperlipemia in normals and in cases with ischemic heart disease. The results showed that clofibrate checked the fat-induced (a) rises of serum triglyceride and plasma fibrinogen, and (b) falls of coagulation time (CT) and blood fibrinolytic activity (BFA). Only garlic had a clofibrate-like effect on CT but both garlic and onion checked the postprandial fall of BFA. Clofibrate, however, increased BFA even above the fasting level. Serum cholesterol and beta lipoprotein were not appreciably affected by fat with or without any drug. Thus, surprisingly, the so-called beneficial effects of garlic and onion were not seen in subjects who had shown significant changes after clofibrate. PMID- 7259823 TI - Influence of mustard oil on cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in albino rabbits. PMID- 7259825 TI - Aortic cholesterol esterase and other lysosomal enzyme activities in DOCA-salt, renal and spontaneous hypertension in the rat. AB - In spontaneously hypertensive rats, prolonged hypertension caused a decrease in aortic cholesterol esterase activity with N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity increased and acid phosphatase activity unchanged [3]. The present study was undertaken to compare these changes with those caused by other experimentally induced types of hypertension. Treatment with DOCA-salt for one month significantly elevated both aortic cholesterol esterase and acid phosphatase activities. In contrast, to spontaneous hypertension, venous changes were also observed. An intake of 1% NaCl ad libitum produced results similar to those with the DOCA-salt treatment, despite the fact that blood pressure did not increase. This suggested that humoral factors were the main cause of the elevated enzyme activities in DOCA-salt hypertension. In rats made hypertensive by unilateral renal arterial constriction with contralateral nephrectomy (one clip--one kidney hypertension) or without contralateral nephrectomy (one clip--two kidney hypertension), aortic cholesterol esterase activities were unchanged, while aortic N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and aortic and venous acid phosphatase activities were increased. These results show distinct differences in the response of lysosomal enzymes during the three hypertensive states. PMID- 7259827 TI - Differential effects of itanoxone--a new hypolipidemic and hypouricemic drug--on platelet and vascular prostaglandin generation in rats. AB - Itanoxone ((chloro-2'-diphenyl)-4-oxo-4 methylene 2-butyric acid), a newly developed, hypolipidemic and hypouricemic compound with moderate anti inflammatory activity, showed a short-lived, dose-dependent (20--200 mg/kg, orally), apparently competitive inhibition of platelet malondialdehyde (MDA), stimulated by either thrombin or arachidonic acid. Repeated doses did not result in any cumulative effect. At doses which completely blocked MDA production, itanoxone also inhibited thrombin-stimulated thromboxane B2 production in platelets but had no measurable effect on vascular prostacyclin generation. Pretreatment with itanoxone partially prevented the inhibitory effect of aspirin on both platelet and vascular prostaglandin synthesis. This suggests that itanoxone--like aspirin--acts at the level of cyclo-oxygenase but with greater selectivity on the platelet enzyme. This pharmacological activity is of great theoretical interest for the potential use of this compound as an antithrombic drug. PMID- 7259828 TI - Coronary intimal necrosis occurring as an early stage of atherosclerotic involvement. AB - In a population sample in whom violent accident was the cause of death, the following prevalence of coronary intimal necrosis, occurring as an independent lesion and as an early step of atherosclerotic involvement, was revealed: 2% of children 6--10 years old, 6% of children and juveniles 11--15 years old, 14% of adolescents 16--20 years old, 32% of young adults 21--25 years old, 56% of young adults 26--30 years old, 72% of mature adults 31--35 years old and 84% of mature adults 36--40 years old. In each age subgroup, the percentage of subjects with coronary intimal necrosis was greater than the percentage of subjects with coronary atherosclerotic plaques. A centrifugal extension with age of intimal necrosis, along the coronary tree in the direction of blood flow, was observed. Histologically, the coronary intimal necrosis exhibited a mucoid form, a swelling form and a dissecting form. Indirect evidence was offered that some areas of coronary intimal necrosis formed an adequate nidus for lipid and fibrin accumulation and also induced the development of a peculiar type of subendothelial connective tissue. These successive changes led to the onset of atheroma-like lesions with a prevalence of lipid deposits, or of intramural thrombi or of a fibro-hyaline cap. The onset, extent and evolution of coronary intimal necrosis was accelerated by the male sex, by some minor deviations from the basal branching anatomical pattern of the coronary arteries, by the main risk factors for coronary heart disease, as well as by some terminal diseases, such as the generalized form of sarcoidosis and the renal complications of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7259826 TI - Increased synthesis of aortic collagen and elastin in experimental atherosclerosis. Inhibition by contraceptive steroids. AB - Rabbits were fed an atherogenic or normal control diet for 3 months; half of each group were treated with mestranol--norethynodrel (M--N) and half with cottonseed oil vehicle. At the end of the 3-month period rabbits were killed and aortic collagen and elastin synthesis determine. Collagen and elastin synthesis was increased in aortas of rabbits on an atherogenic diet, but those treated with M- N had a lower rate of collagen synthesis and less deposition of cholesterol in the aorta than those administered cottonseed oil. It is suggested that long-term administration of the contraceptive steroid combination may retard the progression of atherosclerosis through the hormone's effect on vascular connective tissue. PMID- 7259829 TI - The hyperplastic muscle columns which encroach upon the branch mouths of the coronary arteries and their relation to coronary heart disease. AB - Hyperplastic muscle columns encroaching upon the branch mouths of the main coronary arteries were revealed in 1 out of every 5 infants, children, juveniles, adolescents, young adults, mature adults and elderly people. They prevailed at the branching points of the first diagonal and first septal vessels and occupied 1/3 to 2/3 of the coronary wall thickness. The presence of hyperplastic muscle bundles encroaching upon the branch mouths of the main coronary arteries was associated with the absence at the respective sites of branch pads or cushions, intimal connective tissue and atherosclerotic lesions. This peculiar microarchitecture was present in 3 times more frequently in patients who died of coronary heart disease than in subjects who died of non-cardiac causes (30% versus 10%). The existence of a relationship was suggested between the hyperplastic muscle columns encroaching upon the branch mouth of an artery and the infarction area in the myocardium supplied by the respective vessel. Likewise, a relationship seemed to exist between hyperplastic muscle columns encroaching upon the branch mouths of the vessels supplying the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes and the electrical instability of the heart, particularly of ventricular fibrillation leading to sudden cardiac death. PMID- 7259831 TI - Effect of polyenephosphatidylcholine on cholesterol uptake by human high density lipoprotein. AB - The lipid and protein composition of human HDL was changed by incorporation of polyenephosphatidylcholine (PPC) into HDL in vitro. HDL with incorporated PPC (HDL-PPC) had a higher molar PC/apoprotein ratio than native HDL. PPC accounted for up to 50% of the PC fraction of HDL. The fluidity of HDL-PPC was higher than that of native HDL but lower than that of PPC liposomes. Zonal ultracentrifugation separated HDL-PPC into a major and a minor component. The AI/AII ratio of the major fraction was reduced compared with native HDL. The storage capacity of HDL-PPC and native HDL for cholesterol was studied by incubation of these fractions with [14]cholesterol-LDL. Significantly more cholesterol (55%) was taken up by HDL-PPC from LDL than by native HDL. The transfer of cholesterol from LDL to HDL in human serum was studied by an in vitro [14C]cholesterol distribution test. In this test the lipoproteins of serum were labelled with [14C]cholesterol. An analytical procedure was developed to quantify the transfer of cholesterol from LDL to HDL after addition of PC. The transfer depended on the fluidity and the dose of the PC fraction used as well as on the initial LDL + VLDL/HDL ratio and was independent of LCAT activity. PMID- 7259830 TI - Membrane-active agents. Effect of various anesthetics and chlorpromazine on arterial lipid metabolism. AB - The local anesthetic lidocaine was studied for its effects on lipid metabolism in aortas from normal rats, rabbits, and cholesterol-fed (atherosclerotic) rabbits in vitro. Incubation of aortas in the presence of 3--5 mM lidocaine resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the incorporation of [14C]oleate into cholesteryl esters and phosphatidylcholine. Additionally, significant increases in [14C]oleate incorporation into the diglyceride fraction of atheromatous rabbit aortas was observed with a trend to greater incorporation into the diglyceride fraction of normal rat and rabbit arteries as well. The most significant overall effect of lidocaine was its inhibition (50--90%) of the arterial sterol esterification. Assays of acylCoA : cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT, EC 2.3.1.26) in isolated arterial microsomes revealed that, in addition to local anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine), other membrane-active agents such as chlorpromazine and methoxyflurane inhibit ACAT; this suggests ACAT may be regulated by alterations in the biophysical properties of its membrane milieu. PMID- 7259832 TI - Genetically determined susceptibility to cancer. AB - This review summarizes evidence for genes that exist in humans that affect susceptibility to cancer. It is not possible yet to precisely describe the relationship between so-called "cancer gene(s)" and carcinogenesis. Among the questions that remain open is the nature of the events that must occur in individuals with a cancer gene before clinically significant cancer develops. Regardless of the nature of such events, there is evidence that a genetically determined factor can be important in the initial or early steps in malignant transformation of cells. A major challenge in cancer research in the coming years will be the characterization of "cancer gene(s)." Such studies will have profound implications not only for understanding the nature of carcinogenesis, but also for the development of new approaches to detection and treatment of cancer. PMID- 7259833 TI - Abnormal phosphoenolpyruvate transport in erythrocytes of hereditary spherocytosis. AB - The rate of phosphoenolpyruvate transport in erythrocytes from patients with hereditary spherocytosis and from healthy individuals was examined in a 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 6.1 at 37 degrees C) containing 10 mM phosphoenolpyruvate and 10 mM NaF. The rate in erythrocytes from patients with hereditary spherocytosis was 0.09 +/- 0.02 mumol/min/ml of cells (mean +/- SD, n = 8), whereas the rate in erythrocytes from healthy individuals was 0.23 +/k- 0.03 mumol/min/ml of cells (mean +/- SD, n = 8). The lower rate of transport in erythrocytes of hereditary spherocytosis could not be described to a different glycolytic response to NaF or to a difference in cell age distribution. This phenomenon seemed to be a reflection of some abnormality in the erythrocyte membrane from patients with hereditary spherocytosis. PMID- 7259834 TI - Lymphocyte depletion and immunosuppression with repeated leukapheresis by continuous flow centrifugation. PMID- 7259835 TI - Drug resistance in multiple myeloma associated with high in vitro incorporation of 3H-thymidine. AB - In multiple myeloma, tumor cell mass and labeling index correlate with subsequent survival duration, but do not predict for response to treatment. In the present study was have autoradiographically measured the incorporation of 3H-thymidine as determined by the number of grains over the myeloma nuclei in bone marrow aspiration samples. In 33/37 patients with less than 50% tumor regression or progressive disease, the pretreatment grain count was greater than or equal to 20/myeloma nucleus. Conversely, values of less than 20 were found in 27/29 patients who had greater than or equal to 50% cell mass reduction. Survival duration was significantly better than (p less than 0.001) in patients with grain counts less than 20. Sixty percent of the patients with both a low labeling index (less than or equal to 3%) and grain count (less than 20) were alive at 48 mo, whereas 15/17 patients with a high labeling index and grain count had a median survival of less than 6 mo. In a subset of 22 patients, there as a significant correlation between in vitro resistance to melphalan, adriamycin, and vincristine as tested in the myeloma stem cell colony assay system and a grain count of greater than 20. We can only speculate as to the reasons for the increased 3H thymidine uptake by myeloma cells resistant to treatment, however, it could be associated with accumulation of excess DNA and /or increased unscheduled DNA synthesis following injury from alkylating agents. PMID- 7259837 TI - Identification and characterization of three classes of erythroid progenitors in human fetal liver. PMID- 7259836 TI - The presence of mast cell precursors in rat peripheral blood. AB - Soft agar culture of mononuclear cell fractions prepared from rat peripheral blood yielded numerous colonies consisting of mast cells. The mast cell nature of the cells was established by ultrastructural and histochemical analyses as well as by the demonstration the the colonies contained histamine and that the cells possessed receptors for the Fc component of IgE. Stringent criteria for the distinction of mast cells from monocytes/macrophages that could have metachromatic inclusions were applied. The alcian-blue-safranin technique delineated the maturation of mast cell granules by showing the loss of alcian blue and increase in safranin-positive organelles presumed to reflect the increase in N-sulfated polysaccharides representing heparin. The mast cells exhibited low or absent reactions for peroxidase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate, periodic acid Schiff, and Sudan black reacting lipid, whereas macrophages stained in parallel were positive for these substances. Since it is known that extracellular conditions may cause variations in phenotypic expression, the observations have led to the hypothesis that mast cells and macrophages may have a common precursor. PMID- 7259838 TI - The treatment of advanced stage favorable histology non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a preliminary report of a randomized trial comparing single agent chemotherapy, combination chemotherapy, and whole body irradiation. AB - Between 1975 and 1978, 51 patients with favorable histology non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, pathologic stage III-IV, were treated prospectively on a randomized treatment protocol. Treatment options were single alkylating agent chemotherapy, combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP), or fractionated whole body irradiation followed by low dose involved field irradiation. The median follow-up interval in this group of patients is not 41 mo. Actuarial survival is excellent, 84% at 4 yr for the entire group, with similar survival observed for each of the three treatment options. Initial complete remission rates (64%, 88%, and 71%) were not significantly different in the three treatment arms. Frequent relapse after initial remission induction was noted, however, with a freedom from relapse at 4 yr of only 25%. The toxicities of the three therapies were acceptable. Acute complications of therapy were most numerous in the group of patients treated with CVP; however, long-term hematologic depression was most commonly observed in patients treated with whole body irradiation. In general, hematologic complications were more frequent among patients who had marrow involvement and intact spleens at the time of initial therapy. The relationship of this study to other clinical trials in the management of patients with advanced stage favorable histology lymphomas and its implications for future clinical trials are discussed. PMID- 7259840 TI - Infectious mononucleosis: sequential immunologic, cytochemical, and cytokinetic studies on single lymphoid cells in peripheral blood. AB - Sequential immunologic, cytochemical, and cytokinetic studies were done on single lymphoid cells in the peripheral blood of 6 children with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and 1 child with toxoplasmosis 1-2 wk after onset of symptomatology. The absolute number of AET-SRBC rosetting (E+) cells was increased in all patients; the absolute number of cells with surface IgM (slgM+) was increased in 3 of 7 patients. On the average, 46% of all lymphoid cells were E+la+slgM-, 35% E+la-slgM-, and 5% E-la+slgM+. Of the E+la+slgM- cells, only 7% were shown to have a dot-like esterase reaction pattern. Of the E+la-slgM-cells, 17% were esterase positive. The mean labeling index of the former was 18.2%, the mean labeling index of the latter 4.4%. No proliferating slgM+ cells were observed in the 6 children with IM. The esterase reactions and the labeling indices of suppressor-cytotoxic and inducer-helper T cells were similar to those of E+la+slgM- and E+la-slgM- cells, respectively. These results suggest that the vast majority of the atypical cells in IM corresponds to activated suppressor cells, while a minority appears to be proliferating helper cells. PMID- 7259839 TI - The sickle gene polymorphism in North Africa. AB - Analysis of the restriction endonuclease Hpa 1-beta globin gene linkage has been performed in a predominantly Arab population of North Africa possessing the sickle (beta A) gene is found associated with a 7.6 kilobase) or 7.0 kb Hpa 1 fragment (54/54 assignable beta A genes), whereas the beta S gene is found associated with a 13 kb Hpa 1 fragment (42/42 assignable beta S genes). The results demonstrate a very tight linkage of the beta S gene to the 13 kb Hpa 1 fragment as well as a very low probability that a beta A gene will be found on a 13 kb Hpa 1 fragment. Thus, the North African population presents a nearly ideal opportunity for prenatal diagnosis solely by Hpa 1-beta globin gene linkage analysis. Additionally, the evidence supports the hypothesis that the beta S gene flowed from West Africa rather than from Arab populations in the Middle East. PMID- 7259841 TI - Labeled factor IX kinetics in patients with hemophilia-B. AB - Labeled factor IX was infused five time into four patients with hemophilia-B. Ten minute plasma recovery average 35% (SD +/- 2) and the mean T 1/2 beta-phase elimination was 23 hr (+/- 5). No alteration in the postinfusion 125I-factor-IX could be detected by radioautography of plasma samples run on polyacrylamide gels or on crossed-immunoelectrophoresis. Label was excreted into the urine as free 125I-iodide. Kinetics were similar when the labeled preparation was infused alone or with a commercial concentrate containing unlabeled factor IX. Infusion of factor IX in man is best described by a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model where factor IX is distributed in a space larger than the plasma volume. PMID- 7259842 TI - [Large-scale survey of inborn errors of metabolism in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7259844 TI - [Anemia in chronic renal insufficiency]. AB - Anemia is the most common hematologic disturbance of patients with chronic renal failure. It is usually normocytic, normochromic and the bone marrow does not show erythroblastic compensatory changes. The anemia is the resultant of different factors; inadequate erythropoiesis, hemolysis and bleeding, being the former the most important mechanism. The important role of the erythropoietin and its mechanism of production are discussed. Patients in intermittent peritoneal dialysis program show higher hemoglobin concentration than patients in chronic hemodialysis. The authors mention the therapeutic approach used to minimize the anemia emphasizing the need of reducing the number of blood transfusions (unless absolutely necessary), since they inhibit erythropoiesis. PMID- 7259843 TI - [Detection of inborn errors of metabolism in San Pablo, Brazil]. AB - The authors report their experience in populational screenings, first regarding hyperphenylalaninemias at the city of S Paulo, by own programmation. In the same aminoacidopathies detection program, a similar methodology is being used in urine, in the children's health services of the State of S. Paulo. The same urine procedure is being used to select IEM of carbohydrates and mucopolysaccharides A programme similar to the one used for hyperphenylalaninemia is being performed for the detection of congenital hypothyroidism; T4 tests were made by radioimmunoassay (RIA) microtechnique in newborns and children in the first months of life. A similar experience in the detection of heterozygotes for GM2 ganglyosidosis type I (Tay-Sach disease) by performing the hexosaminidase A test is also reported. The importance of the performing of such populational screening tests, even in underdeveloped countries is stressed. Taking into account the high cost of the maintenance of patients with mental retardation (MR0, the cost of such programmes may become a saving whenever early diagnosis and therapy can avoid the MR. PMID- 7259845 TI - [Correlation of fragmented cells with lytic products and other hematologic data]. AB - In a group of 38 children under three months of age, the FRBC, split products of fibrinogen, red blood cells per microliter, hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume were determined, trying to establish a correlation between the first parameter and the other. Only a significant correlation with the mean corpuscular volume was found. Most of the cases with more than three percent of FRBC had a diagnosis of severe infection. The same phenomenon was observed in the group of more than 8 microgram/ml of FSP, but there was no association between both groups. We suggest an etiology related with fasting and nonrelated with disseminated intravascular coagulation for microangiopathic hemolysis in the newborn with infection. PMID- 7259848 TI - [Fetal hydantoin syndrome]. AB - We present the clinical picture of a patient with the fetal hydantoin syndrome. A review was made on etiology, pathogenesis, in this syndrome and the recommended medical management for the epileptic mother during pregnancy. PMID- 7259846 TI - [Acute glomerulonephritis in children: long-term prognosis]. AB - Sixty-five children were studied for over five years following an acute glomerulonephritis episode. Proteinuria was detected in 15 but in one, it was massive proteinuria with edema and low renal function. The other 14 children were asymptomatic and proteinuria was close to or below 0.5 gms/24hs. Only one out of 10 renal biopsies was normal. Focal mesangial proliferation was described in 9. Such renal lesion was considered as residual rather than active. From these results it is concluded that the prognosis of acute glomerulonephritis in children is good in 98% of cases. PMID- 7259847 TI - [Coarctation of the aorta associated with interventricular communication]. AB - The association of coarctation of the aorta (CoAo) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) reaches a high mortality rate of approximately 75% in the first year of life without surgical treatment. We present our experience in the study of twenty cases with this combination of congenital heart defects with ages varying from 5 days to 13 years; half of them were under 6 months of age: there was a slight female predominance. Congestive heart failure was the first clinical manifestation in 75% of the patients; all of them showed clinical evidence of VSD with pulmonary hypertension. Twelve patients were surgically treated; in five, a subclavia flap technic was used; in another five, a rhomboid patch was placed at the site of CoAo and in the remaining two, the repair was done by end to end anastomosis. Banding of the pulmonary artery was performed in two cases and both survived; in three cases, in which the CoAo and VSD repair was done simultaneously, only one survived. We have an overall surgical mortality of 25%. Due to the short follow-up we have been unable to determine which cases may require reoperation later in life. PMID- 7259849 TI - [Infections in the child with acute leukemia]. AB - One hundred and twenty-five febrile episodes in 82 children with acute leukemia were studied; 46% of the patients were from urban and 54% from rural areas. The origin of the fever was identified in 91% of the episodes, prevailing pneumonia, septicemia, chickenpox and herpes zoster. The etiological agent was identified in 46% of the cases. A viral predominance was evident, and among them varicela zoster, following in importance gram-negative bacteria. Histoplasma capsulatum and Pneumocystis carinii were isolated in two occassions each. Sepsis was found more frequently in children with active leukemia than in those in remission (p less than 0.001). Forty-four febrile episodes occurred in patients with less than 1,000 neutrophils/ul. The daily-risk rate of infection was higher in children fom rural than in those from urban areas (p less than 0.001). After clinical and laboratory studies, methicillin and gentamicin were used, in addition to carbenicillin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is selected cases. This treatment was effective in 86% of the cases. Twelve (15%) children died, 6 of whom were in remission at that moment. PMID- 7259850 TI - [Neonatal Landry-Guillain-Barre-Strohl syndrome]. AB - Landry-Guillain-Barre-Strohl syndrome found in a three-days-old newborn is presented at the Mexican Navy Medical Center Hospital with an acute state after exchanges transfusion due to incompatibility of blood type was done. The case has the same clinical characteristics, such as those found by other authors in children, even though the statistics in this syndrome during the childhood and in the newborn periods are limited. It is frequent that the child dies before the diagnosis is made because motor and sensitive immaturity are present. This renders even more difficult the appropriate treatment and diagnosis, because the paralysis initiated in an ascending and progressive manner involving the spinal bulb may lead to confusion with other pathology, such as respiratory or neurological distress that may need respiratory mechanical assistance. It is very important to dissociated the relation albumin-citology of the spinal fluid to confirm the diagnosis. Corticoides do not modify the evolution of the clinical picture. In this paper we reviewed the modern ideas on pathogenesis and their possible allergic and immunologic association. PMID- 7259852 TI - [Necator americanus uncinariasis in an infant born and residing in Mexico City]. AB - A six-month-old infant is reported with the unquestionable diagnosis diagnosis of Necator americanus uncinariasis. The mother was also infected with the same hookworm. The patient was born and has always dwelt in Mexico City, where helminthiasis is considered extremely rare. The epidemiologic studies determined that the dwelling conditions were inadequate for the transmittal of the agent through the soil. The authors emphasize the importance of the presumptive diagnosis in those cases suggesting the disease and to carry out studies to confirm the existence of other infectious means PMID- 7259851 TI - [Brachmann-De Lange syndrome: Typus degenerativus amstelodamensis. Report of 5 cases and review of the literature]. AB - Five cases with Brachmann-de Lange's syndrome are reported. The main idea is to point out the most important clinical, radiological, anatomico-pathological and genetic characteristics. The first three cases were studied at the Hospital de Especialidades of the I.M.S.S. at Peubla, Pue, while cases 4 and 5 correspond to the Hospital to de zona of the I.M.S.S., at Acapulco, Gro. With the exception of case 4, karyotype studies were carried out in the rest, including the parents, showing normal results. At present, only cases 3 and 5 are alive, since the rest died due to multiple infectious processes. In the first case, the anatomicopathological studies showed new findings, such as a diverticulum in the first portion of the duodenum with aberrant pancreas, absence of the middle lobe of the right lung and bilateral adrenocortical adenomas. Finally, pertinent literature, where it is shown that the etiology is still in darkness and that the world frequency for this syndrome reaches the figure of 353 cases. PMID- 7259853 TI - [Osteogenesis imperfecta]. PMID- 7259855 TI - Temporally spaced responding for food in adult rats after undernutrition early in life. AB - Rats were undernourished during the suckling and early post-weaning periods and were then fed a good quality diet ad libitum from 43 to 300 days when behavioural testing was begun. Male previously undernourished and control rats were tested on three operant conditioning schedules in which low rates of bar-pressing were rewarded with food (differential reinforcement of low rate or DRL schedules). These were DRL 5 sec, DRL 10 sec and DRL 30 sec. On each schedule the response rates of both groups of animals declined over several sessions and their efficiency at obtaining the food rewards increased. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups on either of these measures. This finding indicates that, despite being hyper-responsive in many situations, including some operant conditioning schedules, previously undernourished rats are as capable as controls of withholding responding when necessary. PMID- 7259854 TI - [Child with chronic cough]. AB - One of the symptoms most frequently encountered in the daily pediatric practice is cough. Most acute pictures are responsible for viral processes. However, chronicity calls for more specific laboratory studies, since the etiology is multifactorial. PMID- 7259856 TI - Regulatory impairments following selective kainic acid lesions of the neostriatum. AB - Kainic acid lesions were made to the anteromedial (AMC) or ventrolateral (VLC) caudate nucleus and the projection areas of medial and sulcal prefrontal cortex (PFC), respectively. By the second day following lesion, all control and AMC rats had recovered normal food and water intake. By contrast, VLC lesions resulted in severe aphagia and adipsia lasting 3-15 days, accompanied by a rapid loss in weight. Animals were kept alive by palatable food supplement and force-feeding as required. Once all animals had recovered normal food and water intake (3-5 weeks) drinking to various physiological challenges--5% hypertonic saline s.c., food deprivation, quinine adulteration of water and 40% polyethylene glycol--were found to be normal in both lesion groups. By 3 months after lesion the groups did not differ in weight. Acute aphagia and adipsia had been reported following ablation of the sulcal but not the medial PFC in rats. The present experiment obtains parallel results in the PFC projection areas within the neostriatum. PMID- 7259857 TI - Loss of object discrimination after ablation of the superior colliculus-pretectum in binocularly deprived cats. AB - The effects of ablation of the superior colliculus-pretectum on a previously elaborated object discrimination task were compared in cats reared in normal conditions, in cats reared in the laboratory, and in cats deprived of patterned vision. The normally reared cats were least deficient postoperatively, whereas deprived cats were most deficient. Seven of 8 deprived cats failed to re-reach criterion. Previous results showed that after removal of the visual cortex deprived cats were less deficient than normally reared controls. It is concluded that in discrimination learning the function of the abnormal visual cortex of deprived cats is partially taken over by the superior colliculus-pretectum. PMID- 7259858 TI - Interocular transfer of two visual discriminations in hooded and albino rats. AB - Interocular transfer of a brightness and a pattern discrimination was compared in hooded and albino rats. Equally high levels of transfer were found in the two strains, and there was no difference in transfer between the two discriminations. The results indicate that interocular transfer in the rat does not necessarily depend on the uncrossed optic fibres, and that the commissures of the rat's brain are capable of efficient transfer. PMID- 7259859 TI - Different behavioral effects following intracerebral, intracerebroventricular or intraperitoneal injections of naloxone in the rat. PMID- 7259860 TI - Persistence of primate hand preference despite initial training to the contrary. AB - Forty-six stumptail monkeys were tested for hand preference on a simple reaching task. Initial repeated reaches with the hand chosen for the first reach went unrewarded. All reaches following and including the earliest reach with the opposite hand were rewarded and were used to calculate overall hand preference for the task. A significant majority of the animals continued to prefer the hand initially used in unrewarded trials rather than the hand first receiving a reward. These results suggest that monkeys are predisposed to choose the hand preferred for a new task. PMID- 7259862 TI - [Quantitative study of endothelial defects in the aorta and carotid artery in experimental atherosclerosis]. AB - The inner surface of the aorta and carotid artery in normal rabbits (group 1) and after 3 weeks (group 2), 6 weeks (group 3) and 8 months (group 4) of hypercholesterolemia was studied by scanning electron microscopy. In all the cases the area of de-endothelialized zones was equally small. Incidence of microdefects in the endothelium (argyrophilic cells, craters and stomata) increased in group 2, but decreased in group 3 and group 4 (outside the plaques). No typical endothelium with argyrophilic borders was observed on 39.2% of the plaque surface in group 4, though the cells were present. The data obtained show that vast zones of de-endothelialization do not precede the development of atherosclerotic plaques. PMID- 7259861 TI - Electrode implantation in infant rats for kindling and chronic brain recording. PMID- 7259863 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the myocardial microcirculatory bed in coronary arteriosclerosis]. AB - Myocardial microcirculatory bed was studied using ultrastructural analysis in 28 males, aged 30 to 55, who suffered from coronary atherosclerosis and died suddenly. The authors found a lowered capillaries/myocytes ratio. A part of myocardial capillaries were excluded from hemocirculation due to obturation of their lumen with endothelial microvilli and blood cells. Open capillaries showed signs of activation of adaptational mechanisms of compensation of myocardial microvascular bed insufficiency. PMID- 7259865 TI - [Status and developmental prospects of the rehabilitative trend in cardiology]. PMID- 7259866 TI - [Fatty acid makeup of different lipid fractions of plasma lipoproteins in persons dying suddenly from coronary heart disease]. AB - Blood plasma was examined in 56 male subjects who suddenly died from coronary heart disease (CHD). Along with quantitative changes, qualitative disturbances of lipids of blood plasma lipoproteins are found in CHD. In different lipid fractions (triglycerides, cholesterol esters, total and individual phospholipids) of very low, low and high density lipoproteins the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreases, and correspondingly, the quota of monounsaturated and saturated acids grows. The phenomenon is evidently conditioned by an increasing requirement for the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. The latter is due to a higher concentration of lipids of blood plasma lipoproteins in CHD. PMID- 7259867 TI - [Characteristics of the changes in the endogenous prostaglandin content in the acute period of myocardial infarct]. AB - Venous blood plasma content of prostaglandins (PG) E, A, and F was studied in myocardial infarction patients using radioimmunoassay. Two types of quantitative changes in the blood plasma PG content were found. These changes were associated with the peculiarities of the clinical course of the disease. The data obtained can evidence the pathogenetic role of endogenous PG in the development of myocardial infarction and its complications. PMID- 7259864 TI - [Model system for studying thrombocyte interaction with the reconstructed vascular wall]. AB - A new model system is suggested which is a partial reconstruction of normal, locally and vastly injured vessel walls on the basis of fibrillar collagen grown cultures of endothelial cells. The kinetic curve of adhesion on collagen of gel filtered human platelets reaches saturation within 40 min. During adhesion the shape of collagen bound platelets changes. Acetyl-salicylic acid and platelet free serum inhibit adhesion. Endothelial cells are nonadhesive to platelets; they do not affect the platelet adhesion to the intercellular areas covered with fibrillar collagen. PMID- 7259868 TI - [Minnesota code indices in myocardial infarct in the early phase of rehabilitation (clinical electrocardiographic comparisons)]. AB - The article deals with clinico-electrocardiographic comparison of 165 patients on the 28th day of myocardial infarction made to decide on the diagnostic significance of Minnesota code in the assessment of disease course and especially in the development of complications. It was found that Minnesota code is of low significance in topical diagnosis of myocardial infarction. A complicated course of the disease is characterized by a greater incidence of 1 : 1--1, 9 : 2, and 4 : 1 codes; while the greater incidence of codes of these signs is mostly observed in patients with congestive heart failure. PMID- 7259869 TI - [Comparative pharmacodynamics study of korinfar and isoptin in ischemic heart disease]. AB - The effect of Korinfar (30 and 50 mg) and isoptin (120 and 200 mg) on exercise tolerance was studied in 11 patients with angina pectoris of effort using the double blind crossover method. Both doses of Korinfar and 120 mg of isoptin increased cardiac output by 70--80% and 200 mg of isoptin--by 136%. Korinfar had a pronounced growth hypotensive effect and induced tachycardia, which is an increased dose hindered growth of exercise tolerance. The negative chronotropic effect of isoptin increased its efficacy. As a result of calcium antagonists action a stable threshold double product was established, and its was higher, than the control one. PMID- 7259871 TI - [Mortality in men 40 to 59 years old from coronary and cerebral arteriosclerosis with varying cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood]. AB - The article deals with the results of a prospective (3.8 year long) study of a nonorganized male population (40-59 years of age) in one of Moscow districts. Total blood plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol were determined in 3663 men. The results of the study show that to assess the risk of death from atherosclerosis, coefficient of total cholesterol fractions ratio should be taken into account. PMID- 7259872 TI - [Arterial pressure and plasma lipids in Moscow schoolchildren 16 to 17 years old (based on data from a single epidemiologic study)]. PMID- 7259873 TI - [Experimental quantitative evaluation of the cardiac pump in function]. AB - Experimental technique has been developed that makes it possible to change left ventricular after exercise on a wide scale during one beat at an intact circulation. The relationship between the maximal blood flow rate and left ventricular systolic pressure at permanently filled ventricle and inotropic state has been shown close to linear. This relationship (exercise characteristics) can be described by two parameters: maximal systolic blood pressure at blood flow and maximal blood flow ab zero peripheral resistance, and can be used for the assessment of the cardiac pump function. PMID- 7259870 TI - [Basic risk factors and ischemic heart disease in working-age men (20 to 59 years old)]. AB - The results of epidemiologic study of 982 men aged 20-50 and 3.908 men aged 40-59 from two Moscow districts were analysed. The study dealt with the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHD death rate, lethality associated with the main risk factors (arterial hypertension, lipid metabolism disturbances, obesity, smoking), the sensitivity and specificity of the prognostic meaning of risk factors and their combinations as concerns CHD and death as a result of it. The male population (aged 20-59) has been distributed according to the absence or presence of CHD risk factors and their combination. PMID- 7259874 TI - [Immunochemical methods of determining myoglobin in blood and urine]. AB - An immunological method for determining myoglobin in biological liquids has been developed. Application of tritiated myoglobin in radioimmunoassay (RIA) opens up an opportunity to create a Soviet long stored RIA kit. The use of the antibody neutralization test to detect hypermyoglobulinemia and myoglobinuria in myocardial infarction patients is characterized by simplicity, little time consuming, and may be used in practical medicine as a preliminary test in timely diagnosis of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7259877 TI - tRNA-dimethylsulphate reaction: identification of 1,7-dimethylguanosine as a major product at high concentrations of methylating agent. AB - In the tRNA-dimethylsulphate reaction, 1,7-dimethylguanosine is formed at high concentrations of methylating agent. This dialkylated compound is recovered mainly in the form of derivative and has been identified by chromatographic and UV-spectral comparison with an authentic sample. The possible role of 1,7 alkylation of guanosine to carcinogenicity of alkylating reagents is advanced. PMID- 7259876 TI - [Physiology and pathophysiology of coronary circulation]. PMID- 7259875 TI - [Arterial endothelium in human atherosclerosis]. AB - Endothelium above the lipid streaks, lipid-fibrous and fibrous plaques in the right coronary artery and the brachial artery of 11 cases of sudden death of males and females aged 22-65 was examined in flat film preparations. The foci of atherosclerotic injuries are covered with deendothelized areas, blood platelets, leucocytes, and other blood cells, with clots of vascular smooth muscle cells. The endothelium is considerably changed; these phenomena evidence an injury of the endothelium and its regeneration in zones of atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 7259879 TI - [Preciseness of the ultrastructural order in the tunic of the small intestine]. AB - The muscular cost of ileum of man was observed both at light and electron microscopes. Four muscular layers could be identified. The first layer appears as an innermost layer of circular muscle. The second layer is the circular one. The third layer occupies the region between circular and longitudinal muscle layers. The fourth layer is the longitudinal one. The structure of both circular and longitudinal layers is like that described for other mammals. The first and the third layers show a very special structure; moreover, interstitial cells of Cajal are found inside the first layer and in the connective tissue lying between the first and second layer. In the third layer two types of smooth muscle cells are present: one types shows a typical structure; the second type, which was never described before, is very peculiar and because of its similarity with interstitial cells of Cajal has been considered of the same nature. Nerve bundles are mainly concentrated between the first and second layers and in the region between circular and longitudinal layers (the third layer), where is localised the myenteric plexus. All these findings are discussed in an attempt to correlate the contractile activities of ileum of man with the structure of its muscular coat. PMID- 7259881 TI - [Ribosomal crystallization in the in vitro differentiation of mesenchymal cells interacting with the epithelium]. AB - Ribosomal crystallization of 6-day chick embryo thigh skin in vitro in two different nutrient media was studied. The embryo thigh skin has been incubated for 3 or 6 days in media containing either chick embryo extract or chick serum, than submitted to hypothermia for 36 hours to induce the formation of ribosome crystals. The crystals are present in almost all type of cells in E medium, while in the cells in CS medium only after 3 days; therefore it is possible to relate the crystallization with the different degree of differentiation attained in mesenchymal cells. PMID- 7259878 TI - [Comparative study of Lecithin and cephalin exchange between liposomes and mitochondria. Activity measured in the presence and absence of a non-specific carrier protein isolated from rat liver]. AB - Study has been made of the rat liver protein catalyzed exchange of both lecithin and cephalin between liposomes and rat liver mitochondria. It has been shown that the exchange activity of these two phospholipids by the protein is almost the same and is apparently not dependent on the nature of donor liposomes. In contrast the spontaneous exchange activity of the above phospholipids strictly depends on the type of donor liposomes. Moreover, the spontaneous exchange of lecithin at any incubation time appears to be almost 100% higher than that of cephalin. PMID- 7259882 TI - [Morphological observations on the connection between tetramers in partially disaggregated ribosome microcrystals]. PMID- 7259880 TI - [Ribosome crystallization in the in vitro differentiation of chick embryo epidermis]. AB - Six day chick embryo thigh skin has been incubated for 2, 3 or 6 days in media containing either chick embryo extract or chick serum, than submitted to hypothermia for 36 hours to induce the formation of ribosome crystals. The results show that it is possible to relate the crystallization with the different degree of differentiation attained in each experimental condition. PMID- 7259883 TI - [Histochemical and histological modifications induced in the hog liver by warfarin poisoning]. PMID- 7259884 TI - [Hemodynamic modifications induced by volatile anesthetics halothane, penthrane, ethrane) I. Cardiovascular effects]. AB - We had intended to reckon quantitatively the effects of volatile anaesthetics(Halothane, Ethrane, methoxyflurane or Penthrane) upon cardiovascular system of healthy young mongrel dogs, 5-8 days interval each other. After administration of a Halothane and Penthrane, heart rate(HR) increases of about 30%; blood pressure(BP) is decreasing of same percentage. Halothane causes a slight increase upon pulmonary arterial pressure(PAP), while pulmonary arterial flow(PAF) reaches 40% more than control values. Penthrane decreases of 30% PAP and of about 40% PAF. Ethranic anaesthesia produces a slight fall on HR and BP, while PAP doesn't result significatively modified; a marked decrease(40%) is observed on PAF. Aortic flow(AF) is diminished(from 20 to 30%) by administration of these anaesthetics. IN CONCLUSION: Halothane causes very significative modifications on circulation, less modifications are produced by Penthrane, while Ethrane doesn't produce any changes. PMID- 7259885 TI - [Hemodynamic modifications induced by volatile anesthetics halothane, penthrane, ethrane). II. Effect on myocardial contraction and myocardial response to hypoxia]. AB - We had intended to reckon quantitatively the effects of volatile anaesthetics about myocardial contractility and coronary circulation, on rest and after total occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery for 15 sec on young healthy mongrel dogs. Halothane decreases coronary flow of about 20% while Penthrane increase coronary flow (CF) of 30% after 20 sec and later it stabilizes to 10% higher than the control values. Ethrane causes a light initial decrease and later CF returns to control values. During occlusion, derivative of left ventricular pressure (LVP) is reduced from Halothane, which also causes a marked decrement of hyperemia. By means of penthranic anaesthesia, during occlusive phase, we observed a shortening in contraction and relaxation speed. Ethrane doesn't modify the hyperemic coronary flow nor cardiodynamic parameters during occlusive period, while the latter parameters are sensibly varying during restore. PMID- 7259886 TI - [Inhibitory effect of metformin on the development of cholesterol atherosclerosis in the rabbit. Observations on the coronary vessels]. AB - Experimental atherosclerosis and atheroregression may appear at different levels of development in the different arterial districts of non-human primates. The coronary arteries that are involved, like aortas, in the atherogenic process are, in the monkeys, less prone to atheroregression. The atherosclerotic lesions which are always present in the coronary arteries of the hypercholesterolemic rabbits are not evident in the coronaries (at extra- as well at intracardiac level) of the hypercholesterolemic rabbits treated with metformin. PMID- 7259887 TI - [Parasites of fish in the Chiascio river]. AB - An investigation was carried out to identify the fish parasites in the Chiascio River (Umbria, Italy). Certain physical-chemical factors and the biochemical oxygen demand of the river water were, also, studied in samples taken seasonally. The parasites found, together with the fish species they invested and the organs and apparatuses involved, are listed. The species of parasites observed are, in various degrees, diffused in the Palaearctic region. Some are considered to be of allochthonous origin. The fish species with the highest parasite infestation were, in descending order, Rutilus rubilio, Cyprinus carpio, Leuciscus cephalus cabeda and Barbus plebejus. The organs and apparatuses most frequently involved were the gills, the intestines and the skin. PMID- 7259888 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects of the pathology of the pyeloureteral junction]. AB - Are described some observation on the ultrastructure of the muscular coat in three cases of the ureteropelvic junction pathology; the patients were undergone at ureteropelvic resection. The authors underline the presence of an important damage of smooth muscle cells at the ureteropelvic junction, also at the renal pelvis and the upper third of the ureter. The abnormalities of muscle cells are of various type: some of these could be cause of the altered motility and fibrosis of the ureteropelvic junction, constantly observed in such pathological abnormality. PMID- 7259889 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative differences in induced CO2 laser lesions in the normal and perfused kidney. (Preliminary research)]. PMID- 7259890 TI - On the granulosa cells of ovarian follicles. I. Morphometric research on the relationship between granulosa and theca interna in evolutive follicles. AB - In the aim of detecting some morphological relationship between granulosa and theca interna layers in evolutive follicles of different mammalian species, a morphometric research has been carried out. In the follicles, classified according to their size, the thickness of the thecal layer has been measured at the pole of the follicle corresponding to cumulus oophorus and at the opposite side. The obtained results have been statistically analyzed. At the level of the cumulus oophorus the thickness of the theca interna layer results to be higher than in the opposite side during all the life-span of the evolutive follicles. PMID- 7259891 TI - On the granulosa cells of ovarian follicles. II. Identification of different morphological patterns of granulosa cells in evolutive follicles. AB - An attempt has been made for identifying different types of granulosa cells in the wall of cavitary ovarian follicles. Human, porcine and rat ovaries have been examined at the light and electron microscopes. Some smears of granulosa cells as well as human foetal ovaries have been also studied. These preliminary results seem to confirm that in the granulosa layer of evolutive follicles the cells may present some different morphological and histochemical features. PMID- 7259892 TI - Electrophysiological responses of wing chemosensilla in phormia regina (Meig.) to NaCl and sucrose. PMID- 7259893 TI - [Norepinephrine (NE) in cerebral vasospasm: assay of NE in CSF from patients with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm and its role in experimental vasospasm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259894 TI - [Computed tomography of ruptured arteriovenous malformations in the acute stage (author's transl)]. AB - Eighteen patients with angiographically proved intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) were studied by computed tomography (CT) and their clinical features were reviewed at the same time. The pathophysiology of ruptured AVM in the acute stage was discussed. Seven of the 18 patients were performed CT scan within 7 days after the onset. Although all but one of the patients showed symptoms and signs suggestive of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracerebral hematoma was demonstrated in all cases and two of them were accompanied by ventricular rupture. On the more, no high density lesion was demonstrated in cerebral cisterns by plain CT scan as seen in the acute stage of ruptured cerebral aneurysms. Six patients were performed contrast study within 7 days after the onset and showed no enhancement effect. On the contrary, nine of 10 patients performed contrast study more than 8 days after the onset showed enhancement effect. It has been commonly postulated that subarachnoid hemorrhage is the main pathophysiology of ruptured AVM. However, out study on CT scan of ruptured AVM demonstrated that intracerebral hematoma or ventricular hemorrhage is the chief underlying pathophysiology of ruptured AVM in the acute stage. PMID- 7259895 TI - [Pituitary apoplexy: its incidence and clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259896 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on brain edema--time course of 1H-NMR relaxation times (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The state of water in normal and edematous brain tissue was studied by measurement of proton longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times using pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. 2. In control rats, T1 and T2 of water showed one component, which was more fast in white matter. Those values displayed 1.07-1.18 sec. of T1 and 75-76 msec. of T2. 3. When rat brain was injured by cold, T1 was observed to become more longer (1.18-1.27 sec.), and T2 was observed to be separated into two components, the faster T2 (45-50 msec.) and slower T2 (100-105 msec.), in body gray and white matter of the injured side. 4. In triethyltin (TET) induced brain edema, elongation of T1 (1.2 sec.) and remarkable separation of T2, faster T2 (75 msec.) and slower T2 (400-450 msec.), were observed in white matter. 5. In both cold and TET induced edema, slower T2 fraction is suggested to be the extracellular space and faster T2 fraction, intracellular. 6. T2 changes precede the water content changes in cold injury, and parallel in TET induced edema. Those changes of relaxation times are reversible. 7. T2 changes of water is more sensitive than the T1 for the detection of production and disappearance of brain edema. 8. These results disclose the dynamic movements of water during the course of brain edema and offered significant information of the clinical application of NMR-CT. PMID- 7259897 TI - [The alcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy--observation of clinical course and responsiveness to thiamine in five cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259898 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of nerve growth factor and its state in human serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259899 TI - [NMR: its application to the experimental study of hydrocephalus and brain edema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259901 TI - [Bilateral temporal lobe infarcts causing dementia, stehende redensarten and Kluver-Bucy syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259902 TI - [Diagnosis of occlusive cerebrovascular disease using ultrasonic quantitative flow measurement (UQFM) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259900 TI - [Effects of vasopressin analogue DDAVP in patients with postoperative diabetes insipidus (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of DDAVP (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin), a synthetic analogue of vasopressin, was studied in twelve patients with acute postoperative cranial diabetes insipidus (D.I.). The most severe D.I. occurred in four cases following total removal of tumor (3 pituitary microadenoma, 1 dermoid cyst). The urinary volume over 1000 ml per hour in these four cases could not be controlled by DDAVP but could be controlled by drip infusion of aqueous pitressin (AP) and pitressin tannate in oil (PTO). DDAVP was effective when the urinary volume was decreased in under 500 ml per hour. The mild D.I. occurred in four cases after partial removal of tumor (3 craniopharyngioma, 1 pituitary microadenoma). These four cases could be controlled by drinking water only during one or two postoperative weeks. DDAVP was administered in doses of 10 to 30 microgram two times daily after 2 or 3 postoperative weeks and the urinary production was normalized. The four patients developed D.I. after removal of functioning pituitary microadenoma operated by transsphenoidal route. These four cases were treated with drip infusion of AP and PTO during one or two weeks after the operation and were effectively treated with 5 to 15 microgram of DDAVP intranasally every 8 to 12 hours one or two weeks after the operation. Nine cases in 12 cases with postoperative D.I. became chronic D.I. The maintenance dose of DDAVP gradually lessened in accordance with decreasing urinary volume except the two cases of craniopharyngioma. No side effect was experienced for 19 months of treatment. PMID- 7259903 TI - [Pathology of intracerebral hematoma produced by ruptured aneurysms of the anterior cerebral artery (author's transl)]. AB - Forty-eight cases of ruptured aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery and distal branches of the anterior cerebral artery were analyzed at autopsy. The age range of the patients was 20-83 years; 22 were men and 26 were women. The location of the aneurysm in 26 of 48 cases was at the junction of the anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries, 18 on the left side, 18 on the right side and the site was not precisely located in 8 cases. There were 4 cases involving the distal branches of the anterior cerebral artery. Analysis of the hemorrhage associated with the ruptured aneurysms revealed 4 distinct patterns: Type I-diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage alone (17 cases, 35.4%) Type II subarachnoid hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage a-without intracerebral hematoma (8 cases, 16.7%) b-with intracerebral hematoma (9 cases, 18.7%) Type III subarachnoid hemorrhage and localized hematoma in supracallosal sulcus with intraventricular rupture through the corpus callosum (6 cases, 12.5%) Type IV subarachnoid hemorrhage and localized intracerebral hematoma without intraventricular rupture (8 cases, 16.7%). PMID- 7259904 TI - [Bilateral internal carotid artery thrombosis (author's transl)]. AB - Nineteen patients with bilateral internal carotid artery thrombosis were analysed with respect to long term clinical course from first onset to admission. The patients comprised 19.3% of all patients with occlusive cerebral disease treated in past three years at our clinic. In reviewing the symptoms and signs associated with bilateral carotid occlusions and the clinical course, several patterns became evident and in this report the patients are divided into 3 types: Apoplectic type, those who had severe neurological deficit acutely after occlusion, whose angiography showed impaired or absent collateral circulation, and whose CT scan demonstrated bilateral diffuse low density areas; Progressing type, those whose neurological signs and symptoms grew progressively serious, whose angiography showed moderate or adequate retrograde filling with collateral circulation through posterior cerebral arteries and whose CT scan demonstrated low density lesions in the bilateral frontal lobes; TIA . RIND repeated type, those who had transient ischemic attacks or reversible ischemic neurological deficits repeatedly, whose angiography showed good normograde filling of bilateral internal carotid artery with collateral circulation through posterior communicating arteries and whose CT scan demonstrated no abnormal low density areas except findings of brain atrophy. PMID- 7259905 TI - [Pathological findings in an autopsied case of transient global amnesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259906 TI - [Extravasation of contrast media in an acute stage of middle cerebral artery occlusion-in relation to haemorrhagic infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Following an embolic occlusion of a major cerebral artery with peripheral migration of emboli in the early stage, cerebral haemorrhage from the recanalized perforators may occur in the infarcted zone. The following is a report of such a case. This 66-year-old-man with normotension suffered from sudden unconsciousness and left-sided paresis. On admission to our clinic five hours after onset, the patient was confused with urinary incontinence, left hemiplegia and irregular pulse. The first CT examination, which was performed immediately after admission, showed a small-sized haematoma surrounded by an obscure broad low density area in the region of the right caudate nucleus. Right carotid angiography which was performed after CT scan revealed an occlusion at the trifurcation level of the right middle cerebral artery and extravasation of contrast media from the right lenticulostriate arteries. Because of deterioration of the patient's condition, a second CT scan was done showing an extensive haematoma in the whole basal ganglionic region with ventricular rupture. An emergency decompressive craniectomy with evacuation of the haematoma was carried out with immediate postoperative improvement of the patient's condition. Judging from the mode of onset, clinical course as well as neuroradiological and preoperative findings, the pathogenesis behind the haemorrhagic infarction could be interpreted as follows: At the onset, a thromboembolic occlusion probably occurred in the right internal carotid artery with lack of sufficient collateral circulation. Before or during the first CT examination, the embolus may have migrated to the middle cerebral artery. Therefore, the reflow in the perforating arteries in the head of the caudate nucleus could have led to a haemorrhage in the infarcted area. Furthermore, the insufficiency of the lenticulostriate arteries expressed by extravasation of contrast media might be due to the high pressure reflow of the ischaemic vessels with increased permeability after further peripheral migration of the embolus. As a result, a huge and extensive haemorrhage took place in the infarcted area in the basal-ganglionic region. This phenomenon may be identical with the so-called "haemorrhagic infarction". PMID- 7259907 TI - [Two clinical cases diagnosed provisionally as Binswanger type of vascular dementia--on possibility to its clinical recognition from neuropsychiatric findings and computed tomography (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy of Binswanger should be confirmed neuropathologically by postmortem examination. But we expect that it may be possible to diagnose provisionally as Binswanger's disease on the basis of clinical course and findings including computed tomography. Two cases, 57 years old postman (case 1) and 60 years old housewife (case 2) were reported. They had hypertension for over 20 years in their past history and showed a progressive dementia since before one year and 9 years. Transient syncopal attack and epileptiform seizure revealed occasionally. Psychiatrically either of them were apathetic, aspontaneous and autistic. One of them (case 2) showed a striking paranoid-hallucinatory state. Spastic gait disturbance and dysarthria are found neurologically, and moreover in case 1 revealed the incontinence of urine and feces. Arteriosclerotic changes were seen in the fundi. The EEG showed a slow alpha rhythm with scattered theta- and delta-waves. Laboratory data of blood, urine and CSF were normal. On the basis of these clinical course and findings the diagnosis of Binswanger's type of cerebral arteriosclerosis were suspected. The CT-scan of 2 cases proved a symmetrical enlargement of the lateral ventricles and marginated areas of definite abnormal low density in the white matter of the occipital (case 1) and frontal (case 1 and 2) lobes. Conclusively we may provisionally diagnosed our two cases as Binswanger's disease, also supported by the findings of CT. PMID- 7259908 TI - [Medical treatment of functioning pituitary adenomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259909 TI - [Clinical analysis of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage -- aging and cerebral vasospasm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259911 TI - [Neurological laterality in metabolic encephalopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7259910 TI - [Biochemical monitoring of postoperative glioma (author's transl)]. AB - Extention of the survival period and suppression of the recurrence of neurological symptoms during postoperative progression free intervals have become the most important problems in the treatment of gliomas. In the outpatient clinic, neurological and neuroradiological monitoring, including sequential CT scans, are especially valuable. In addition to each conventional monitoring methods, immunological and biochemical monitoring methods have been introduced as precise and noninvasive methods. In this paper, wer have discussed about the biochemical monitoring. In biochemical monitoring cystic fluid was repeatedly obtained through Ommaya's reservoir and chemically analysed during the postoperative period of eight cases of glioblastoma showed complete remission either clinically or chemically during the monitoring period. Chemical progression, especially a gradual increase in LDH, was detected in three cases of anaplastic astrocytoma prior to the clinical and radiological deterioration. In the remaining two cases of glioblastoma, neither clinical nor chemical regression was obtained in spite of postoperative adjuvant treatments. In biochemical monitoring of gliomas, total cholesterol, LDH and LDH isozyme values of cystic fluid were especially valuable. PMID- 7259912 TI - [Determination of plasma catecholamine as a quantitative index for the evaluation of sympathetic nervous system function in man during methacholine test (author's transl)]. AB - For many years blood pressure has been only an index among a number of physiological conditions presenting sympathetic nervous systems activities in methacholine test due largely to the lack of specific and practical method for the determination of catecholamine. We found that methacholine induced a significant increase in plasma catecholamines with an alternation in hemodynamic change in the present study by the use of high speed liquid chromatography and automated THI method. The increments in plasma catecholamines were not correlated with apparent decrements in blood pressure. Therefore the increments in plasma catecholamines induced by methacholine were not attributable to reflex responses to hemodynamic changes and rather could be the direct effect of methacholine on sympathetic neuron and adrenal medullae. Besides there was no correlation between the increments in plasma catecholamines and methacholine indices. These data question the suitability of blood pressure as an index for the evaluation of sympathetic nervous system function during methacholine test and suggest that plasma catecholamines might be a proper parameter for the sympathetic nervous activities response to methacholine. PMID- 7259913 TI - Effects of acute and chronic beta-receptor blockade on ventricular repolarisation in man. AB - The right ventricular repolarisation phase was studied electrophysiologically after an injection of 15 mg metoprolol in 16 healthy volunteers. Eight of them were restudied after chronic treatment with 400 mg metoprolol daily for five weeks. The assessment of the repolarisation time included ventricular effective refractory periods, monophasic action potential duration, and the QT interval measured during atrial stimulation at different driving frequencies. The acute administration of 15 mg metoprolol intravenously had no detectable effect on the repolarisation phase, while chronic treatment caused a significant increase of the ventricular effective refractory periods, monophasic action potential duration, and the QT interval during atrial stimulation. Thus the study confirmed the contrasting effect of acute and chronic beta-receptor blockade on the ventricular repolarisation time in man. PMID- 7259914 TI - Effects of chronic beta-blockade on intra-arterial blood pressure during motor car driving. AB - Continuous intra-arterial blood pressure recordings during motor car driving were performed in 15 patients with untreated essential hypertension, using the "Oxford" recording technique. Each subject was an experienced driver who used his car every day, and for the study drove from his work place to the hospital during the later afternoon. This drive took place in urban traffic and the average duration was 20.9 minutes. Blood pressure during car driving was remarkably stable, and the average systolic and diastolic pressures were similar to the mean daytime pressure. After 16 weeks of treatment with oxprenolol each patient was restudied. Blood pressure during driving had dropped from 176/107 to 160/93 mmHg, but the blood pressure response to driving and blood pressure variation during driving (expressed as the coefficient of variation) were unchanged. After treatment, the mean daytime systolic pressure was lower than the mean pressure during driving, but the relative antihypertensive effect during driving was similar to that observed in the same patients during dynamic exercise on a bicycle ergometer. No drug-induced side effects occurred and there were no apparent effects on driving ability. Chronic treatment with oxprenolol reduced blood pressure during car driving without affecting the normal blood pressure response to driving. PMID- 7259915 TI - Effect of oral propranolol on rest and exercise left ventricular ejection fraction, volumes, and segmental wall motion in patients with angina pectoris. Assessment with equilibrium gated blood pool imaging. AB - The effect of oral propranolol on left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular volumes, cardiac output, and segmental wall motion was assessed with multigated blood pool imaging both at rest and during supine exercise in 15 patients with angina pectoris. Propranolol had no effect on resting left ventricular ejection fractions. Before propranolol, they did not change during exercise, whereas after propranolol the ejection fractions increased slightly. Exercise left ventricular ejection fractions increased with propranolol in three patients with resting left ventricular ejection fractions of less than 40 per cent. More specifically, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, end systolic volume index, stroke volume index, and cardiac index were not altered significantly at rest or during exercise by propranolol. Exercise left ventricular ejection fractions were increased in five and unchanged in eight patients by propranolol. Those patients with increases in left ventricular ejection fractions had a greater change in left ventricular end-diastolic volume indices and a greater change in left ventricular end-systolic volume indices during exercise while on propranolol. Left ventricular segmental wall motion was not altered significantly during exercise by propranolol. We conclude that: (1) Left ventricular functional responses to propranolol during exercise are heterogeneous and not easily predicted; (2) propranolol causes no consistent deterioration in exercise left ventricular ejection fraction even in patients with resting ventricular ejection fractions less than 40 per cent; (3) increased exercise left ventricular ejection fraction with propranolol is contributed to by significant increases in end-diastolic volume during exercise; and (4) gated blood pool imaging is a useful method for characterising rest and exercise left ventricular ejection fractions and left ventricular volumes during propranolol therapy. PMID- 7259916 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of left atrial myxoma. AB - We performed M-mode echocardiograms on 11 patients who later had left atrial myxomas removed at operations. Seven of these 11 patients were also examined with two-dimensional echocardiography. M-mode echocardiography showed the characteristic pattern of a left atrial mass entering the mitral orifice during diastole in nine of the 11 patients. M-mode echocardiographic findings were equivocal in two patients because a short tumour stalk prevented significant motion of the tumour. Cross-sectional echocardiography clearly showed a left atrial mass attached by a stalk to the interatrial septum in all seven patients examined, including one patient in whom the tumour was immobile. Three dimensional measurements of tumour size made from orthogonal cross-sectional echocardiographic planes were within 6 mm of similar measurements made on the excised tumours. PMID- 7259918 TI - Subacute massive pulmonary embolism. AB - Twenty-four patients with subacute massive pulmonary embolism were studied both during their initial illness and up to nine years after it. The most common mode of presentation was progressive dyspnoea over a two to 12 week period, which in some, but not all, patients was accompanied by pleuritic chest pain and haemoptysis. Physical signs at diagnosis usually suggested right heart strain and ventilation/perfusion mismatch and in the five patients with the highest pulmonary artery pressures the pulmonary component of the second sound was accentuated. The chest x-ray and electrocardiogram provided useful diagnostic information in most patients though occasionally they were normal. Early response to thrombolytic treatment was poor when compared with patients with acute pulmonary embolism but was occasionally dramatically successful, and heparin alone provided satisfactory treatment in the eight patients receiving it. Pulmonary embolectomy provided poor results and four of the five patients undergoing this form of treatment died. Nine patients died during the initial illness and in seven death was directly related to embolic disease. One patient died from neoplastic disease during follow-up. Though the prolonged illness, poor initial response to treatment, and absence of predisposing factors suggest that recurrent embolic disease and late pulmonary hypertension might occur three was no evidence of this during a follow-up period of one to nine years (median five years). PMID- 7259917 TI - Relation of severe eosinophilia and microfilariasis to chronic African endomyocardial fibrosis. AB - Over a two-year period, 44 patients had an eosinophil count above the 97th centile. Thirteen of these 44 had heart disease presenting within six months of the onset of symptoms. Microfilariasis was the most likely cause of the raised total eosinophil in these 13 patients. In all, the raised eosinophil count we returned to normal by the use of diethylcarbamazine (Banocide). Eleven of the 13 were followed up and eight of them (73%) developed clinical features of cardiac constriction and tricuspid regurgitation. The mean duration of follow-up was two years. Limited cardiac catheterisation studies in six of the patients showed evidence of constriction or of tricuspid regurgitation. The clinical features of these eight patients were indistinguishable from those found in chronic endomyocardial fibrosis. This disease was further suggested by recurrent cerebral embolism in one, and a large pericardial effusion in another; and it was also present in the one patient to come to necropsy. Thus, microfilaria-induced eosinophilia, when high, is frequently associated with heart disease which appears to be chronic endomyocardial fibrosis many months after the eosinophilia has returned to normal. PMID- 7259919 TI - Use of exercise thallium scintigraphy to assess extent of ischaemic myocardium in patients with left anterior descending artery disease. PMID- 7259921 TI - Analysis of prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction. Shortcomings of Lown grading system. AB - The Lown grading system for ventricular arrhythmias has been used in observational and experimental studies of ischaemic heart disease. This grading system uses three levels of ventricular premature depolarisation frequency and four complex features to assign patients to one of seven grades. We tested several of the major assumptions of the Lown grading system in a group of 400 patients who had recently experienced acute myocardial infarction. The Lown grading system assumes that the frequency of ventricular extrasystoles exerts a negligible risk force in patients who have complex ventricular extrasystoles. We found, however, that the frequency of ventricular extrasystoles contributed significant additional risk for cardiac death even in the three highest Lown grades, 4A, 4B, and 5. The Lown grading system assumes that, of the four complex features used, R on T ventricular extrasystoles have the greatest risk for subsequent cardiac death. We found that paired ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia had more prognostic significance than R on T ventricular extrasystoles. It is important for prognostic stratification that subgroups which are merged into a given Lown grade should be relatively homogeneous with respect to outcome. We found a lack of homogeneity in the three highest Lown grades. Grade 5 contained 16 subgroups with a mortality risk which ranged from 0 to 75 per cent; statistically significant differences in subsequent mortality were found among these subgroups. Most of the shortcomings of the Lown grading system in our acute myocardial infarction population resulted from failure to give sufficient weight to ventricular extrasystoles frequency and to repetitive ventricular extrasystoles. PMID- 7259920 TI - Cardiac effects of chronic renal failure and haemodialysis treatment. Hypertensive versus normotensive patients. PMID- 7259922 TI - Progressive primary pulmonary hypertension in a patient born at high altitude. PMID- 7259923 TI - Surgical treatment of Loffler's eosinophilic endocarditis. PMID- 7259925 TI - Cimetidine-a clinical and pharmacokinetic study. AB - 1 The effect of six months therapy with cimetidine (800 mg or 1600 mg/day) and subsequent withdrawal was studied in 19 patients with duodenal ulceration. 2 The overall rates of healing were 63% and 79% of patients after 3 and after 6 months of treatment respectively. The longer course (6 months) or the higher dose (1600 mg) did not result in significantly increased rates of ulcer healing. 3 Abrupt withdrawal of cimetidine resulted in the recurrence of severe symptoms in 15 patients (79%). 4 Pharmacokinetic studies showed the mean elimination half-life of cimetidine to be 100 +/- 25 min, the total body cimetidine clearance 652 +/- 223 ml/min, the mean volume of distribution at steady state 65 +/- 181 and the overall bioavailability 78%. 5 Long term cimetidine treatment does not result in drug accumulation or changes in its pharmacokinetic profile. 6 Inter-individual differences in clinical and endoscopic response to cimetidine cannot be explained by pharmacokinetic differences. PMID- 7259926 TI - Haemodynamic responses to intravenous cimetidine in subjects with normal lung function and in subjects with chronic airway obstruction. AB - 1 The haemodynamic responses to a bolus intravenous injection of 400 mg cimetidine were studied in eight subjects with normal lung function and sixteen with chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), under continuous systemic and pulmonary arterial monitoring. In all subjects there were significant immediate but transient (less than 10 min) drops in the systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures (both systolic and diastolic), the systemic vascular resistance and total pulmonary resistance. The percentage drops were significant more marked in the COAD group in the following: systemic arterial pressures (systolic and diastolic), systemic vascular resistance and total pulmonary resistance. The cardiac output showed no significant change in the group with normal lung function but rose significantly in the COAD group. None of the subjects had any symptoms associated with the haemodynamic changes. 2 These results can be explained by a generalized vasodilatory effect of cimetidine, but the relationship to its H2-receptor blocking effect is undetermined. Hypoxia and/or hypercapnia may sensitize an individual to the vasodilatory effect of cimetidine. PMID- 7259927 TI - Further evidence for an acetylator phenotype difference in the metabolism of hydralazine in man. AB - 1 The 0-24 h urine from hypertensive patients treated with hydralazine (100 mg twice daily) has been analysed by gas chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography. 2 4-N-Acetylhydrazinophthalazine-1-one (NAcHPZ), s-triazolo [3, 4 a] phthalazine (TP), phthalazinone (PZ) and hydralazine (free, H; acid-labile hydrazones, HH) were detected and assayed. 3 The results indicate that slow acetylators excrete less NAcHPZ and TP than rapid acetylators but more PZ and HH. 4 Free hydralazine was present in low levels and was only detected in some urine samples. 5 The ratios of the metabolites NAcHPZ/HH; TP/HH; NAcHPZ/PZ and PZ/TP are different in the two acetylator phenotypes. 6 It is possible the ratio PZ/TP may be used for determination of acetylator phenotype. 7 It is concluded that hydralazine metabolism is dependent on the acetylator phenotype. PMID- 7259928 TI - The effect of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics and distribution of cefoxitin in healthy volunteers. AB - 1 Cefoxitin was given by acute intravenous injection to six healthy volunteers, in a crossover study to investigate the effects of concurrent probenecid administration. 2 Serum antibiotic concentrations were determined by microbiological assay. Cefoxitin concentrations were simultaneously determined in the fluid of blisters produced by topical cantharides. All antibiotic was accounted for in the urine. 3 Cefoxitin was administered by intravenous infusion, subsequent to a loading dose, to produce steady state levels in the region of 10 microgram/ml, in one volunteer. The procedure was later repeated after prior administration of probenecid in the same subject. 4 Pharmacokinetic analyses indicated significant changes only in the parameters associated with renal excretion of drugs. Clearance was reduced by half. 5 The absolute and relative amounts of antibiotic in the central and peripheral compartments were calculated for both modes of administration. In the acute study probenecid produced a small change in distribution away from the peripheral or tissue compartment, towards the central compartment. 6 There was no elevation of initial serum concentrations and sustained levels of antibiotic could be accounted for principally by retarded excretion produced by probenecid, with little contribution by alteration in the disposition of antibiotic. 7 The sustained serum levels of cefoxitin that resulted from its decreased excretion were also reflected in blister fluid. It was concluded that the sustained cefoxitin levels produced by probenecid resulted in similar raised levels in the peripheral or "tissue' compartment, since the redistribution away from the peripheral compartment did not contribute materially to other changes in disposition of drug. PMID- 7259930 TI - Plasma concentrations and protein binding of disopyramide and mono-N dealkyldisopyramide during chronic oral disopyramide therapy. AB - 1 The plasma levels of disopyramide and mono-N-dealkyldisopyramide were measured from 118 patients, and the protein binding of both drugs from 50 patients during chronic oral disopyramide therapy. 2 No significant correlation was seen between the daily dose of disopyramide and the achieved plasma drug concentration. 3 The concentration of mono-N-dealkyldisopyramide in the plasma was about one third of that of disopyramide in patients with normal renal function. 4 The mean plasma levels of disopyramide and mono-N-dealkyldisopyramide were high in patients with renal impairment. In patients with simultaneous therapy with enzyme inducing drugs the mean levels of disopyramide were low and those of mono-N dealkyldisopyramide high. 5 In patients with effective treatment of ventricular arrhythmias the levels of disopyramide were significantly higher than in those with ineffective treatment; the difference was not significant in supraventricular arrhythmias. Patients with side-effects had slightly though not significantly higher disopyramide levels than patients without side-effects; mono N-dealkyldisopyramide concentrations were identical. 6 The average protein binding of disopyramide was 82%, and that of mono-N-dealkyldisopyramide 22-35%. Although a concentration dependent binding of disopyramide was seen within an individual, the average protein binding did not vary significantly at different concentrations of all samples analyzed. The protein binding was not altered in renal insufficiency, but was slightly decreased by high concentrations of mono-N dealkyldisopyramide. PMID- 7259924 TI - The clinical assessment of analgesic drugs. PMID- 7259929 TI - Plasma protein binding of azapropazone in patients with kidney and liver disease. AB - 1 The free fraction of azapropazone in the plasma of 37 healthy volunteers ranged from 0.0027 to 0.0070 (0.0044 +/- 0.0009, mean +/- s.d.). The principal binding protein was found to be albumin. 2 In 27 patients with various degrees of renal failure the free fraction values of azapropazone were markedly enhanced (0.0260 +/- 0.0239, mean +/- s.d.) and increased more than tenfold in some patients. There was a weak correlation (r = 0.46, P less than 0.05) between the free fraction and the clearance of endogenous creatinine. Such correlation was not found for serum creatinine, serum albumin, serum uric acid and serum urea nitrogen. 3 In 32 patients with chronic liver disease the free fraction values of azapropazone were also markedly higher (0.0210 +/- 0.0242, mean +/- s.d.) than in healthy subjects. There were statistical significant correlation between free fraction values and the prothrombin complex activity in the plasma (r = 0.40, P less than 0.05) and the total bilirubin concentration in the plasma (r = 0.90, P less than 0.001), respectively. Such correlation was not found for serum albumin, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and serum alkaline phosphatase. 4 In patients with kidney and liver disease the free fraction values of azapropazone correlated well with those of the anticoagulant drug phenprocoumon (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001). However, the binding of the latter drug was less impaired. Bilirubin, when added in vitro, displaced both drugs from plasma proteins but this displacing effect was much smaller than the binding changes observed in patients with liver disease. 5 Kidney and liver disease caused a marked impairment of the plasma protein binding of azapropazone. In patients with kidney disease the degree of impairment of azapropazone binding cannot or only poorly (creatinine clearance) be predicted from the biochemical parameters of kidney function whereas in patients with chronic liver disease the total bilirubin concentration in the plasma may serve as an index of the binding defect. PMID- 7259931 TI - Total and free serum haloperidol levels in schizophrenic patients and the effect of age thioridazine and fatty acid on haloperidol-serum protein binding in vitro. AB - 1 Using radioimmunoassays, steady-state levels of total and free haloperidol (obtained by ultrafiltration and dialysis) have been determined in twenty-two patients on long term treatment receiving doses from 3 to 45 mg per day. 2 For the group, both total serum concentration and free drug concentration showed significant correlations (P less than 0.001) with daily dose. 3 No significant correlation was observed between age of the patient and percentage free haloperidol in serum. 4 In vitro experiments using sera from twenty-three healthy volunteers showed significant negative correlations (P less than 0.01) between age and percentage free haloperidol. 5 Thioridazine and oleic acid significantly enhanced the percentage of free haloperidol in normal human sera in vitro. PMID- 7259933 TI - Oral sustained-release aminophylline in medical inpatients. PMID- 7259932 TI - A simple method to measure drug effects on human sperm motility. PMID- 7259934 TI - Rapid and sensitive high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for monitoring carbamazepine levels in serum. PMID- 7259935 TI - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic methods for the assay of ketoprofen in plasma and urine, and its application to determining the urinary excretion of free and conjugated ketoprofen following oral administrations of Orudis to man. PMID- 7259936 TI - A preliminary cardiovascular assessment of alinidine. PMID- 7259937 TI - The effect of age on digitoxin pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7259938 TI - Kinetics of intravenous pyridostigmine in man. PMID- 7259940 TI - Dysphagia in the adult: its clinical significance, diagnosis and management. PMID- 7259941 TI - Multiple primary carcinomas. PMID- 7259943 TI - Suicide in pregnancy. PMID- 7259942 TI - Salivary anticonvulsant levels in children with epilepsy. PMID- 7259939 TI - Proceeding of the British Pharmacological Society, Clinical Pharmacology Section, 16-18th December, 1980, University of London. Abstracts. PMID- 7259944 TI - Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid with cardiac metastases. PMID- 7259945 TI - Coombs positive haemolytic anaemia due to methyldopa. PMID- 7259946 TI - Stricture of the descending colon following low anterior resection of the rectum. PMID- 7259947 TI - Dysphagia in the adult: Its clinical significance, diagnosis and management. Part II. PMID- 7259949 TI - An interesting association between pseudomembranous colitis and Crohn's disease. PMID- 7259948 TI - A comparison of anaemia and storage iron deficiency in a group of working women. PMID- 7259951 TI - Pyogenic osteomyelitis of the clavicle (a report of two cases and review of the literature). PMID- 7259950 TI - Lithium intoxication treated by peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7259952 TI - Thyrotoxicosis and subarachnoid haemorrhage. PMID- 7259953 TI - Acute puerperal inversion of the uterus. PMID- 7259954 TI - Labile hypertension presenting as affective disorder. PMID- 7259955 TI - Is ischaemia a possible factor in the aetiology of bile duct stricture? PMID- 7259958 TI - Combination therapy of a mouse sarcoma using razoxane and electron irradiation. AB - The combination of a single dose of razoxane (ICRF 159) with a single dose of electron radiation has been studied with the murine sarcoma S180. A drug dose of 30 mg/kg combined with radiation produced a greater tumour response than either agent alone, but it was not possible to establish whether the effect was more than additive. Direct measurements of tumour and s.c. oxygen concentrations and studies of tumour-cell respiration were carried out after various razoxane treatments in an attempt to elucidate mechanisms of action. There were no indications at the drug dose levels used in the radiation studies of any significant changes in tissue oxygenation or cellular respiration. PMID- 7259956 TI - Cell subpopulations dispersed from solid tumours and separated by centrifugal elutriation. AB - The degree of non-neoplastic host-cell infiltration was assessed in 3 in vivo-in vitro tumour models commonly used in radiobiological studies: EMT6/Ro mammary carcinoma, 9L/Ro tumour and KHT sarcoma. While the 2 former tumour models have been shown to be moderately to highly immunogenic when grown s.c., the KHT sarcoma is apparently non-immunogenic. Using differential staining on single-cell suspensions from enzymatically dissociated solid tumours, all 3 tumour types were found to contain large proportions (30-60%) of non-neoplastic host cells. The actual host-cell component found in the cell suspensions differed both in type and percentage for the 3 tumours studied. These host and neoplastic cells in the cell suspensions prepared from the solid tumours could be readily separated by centrifugal elutriation. After separation the clonogenic potential of the neoplastic cells was assessed, and was found to be higher than the clonogenic capacity of the unseparated cell suspension by a factor directly related to the host/neoplastic cell ratio. Even after the removal of the host cells, the clonogenic capacities of the neoplastic EMT6 and 9L tumour cells were lower than that of the corresponding in vitro sublines (approximately 30 vs 75%). However, in the KHT sarcoma the removal of the host cell component raised the plating efficiency to approximately 60%, which was similar to the value for the in vitro cell subline of this tumour. PMID- 7259959 TI - Kinetics of the non-neoplastic mucosa of the large bowel of dimethylhydrazine treated rats. AB - Administration of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH) to rats by weekly s.c. injections causes the development of multiple epithelial tumours of the large bowel. These appear to arise as localized dysplastic abnormalities in hitherto apparently morphologically normal crypts. This study was undertaken in order to examine cell proliferation in such apparently normal crypts of DMH-treated animals. A number of proliferative abnormalities are evident, including changes in the size of the crypts, changes in the disposition of proliferating cells within them and reduced cell-cycle times. The nature and the extent of the abnormalities vary from site to site along the length of the bowel, and reflect the vulnerability of the different segments of the bowel, not only to the carcinogenic effects of DMH, but also to short-term toxicity. PMID- 7259957 TI - Cytotoxic properties of a 4-nitroimidazole (NSC 38087): a radiosensitizer of hypoxic cells in vitro. AB - 5-Phenoxysulphonyl-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole (NSC 38087) can act as a sensitizer of hypoxic mammalian cells to radiation in vitro. The degree of sensitization achieved is greater than would be predicted from the drug's electron affinity. Cytotoxicity studies have shown that 5 microM NSC 38087 can reduce the surviving fraction of log-phase V79 cells in air at 37 degrees C to 10(-2) after 2 h exposure. This toxicity is considerably increased by small rises in temperature. In contrast to other nitro-heterocyclic radiosensitizers, NSC 38087 and related 5 substituted 4-nitroimidazoles show greater toxicity towards aerobic than to hypoxic cells. Log-phase cells show the highest sensitivity to the toxic action of NSC 38087, with plateau-phase cells, cells with a history of chronic hypoxia, and thermotolerant cells showing greater resistance. These toxicity data are compared to those for the 2-nitroimidazole hypoxic-cell sensitizer misonidazole. PMID- 7259960 TI - A case-control study of the possible association between oral contraceptives and malignant melanoma. AB - In a case-control study, we investigated 169 women aged 15-49 years with malignant melanoma notified to the Oxford and South Western cancer registries during the years 1971-1976, together with 507 matched controls. Data about medical, reproductive, drug and smoking histories were obtained both by reviewing general practitioner (GP) records and from the women themselves by postal questionnaires. There was no significant evidence of any overall increase in the risk of melanoma in oral contraceptive (OC) users (data from GP records-ever use vs never use, relative risk (RR) 1.34, 95% confidence limits 0.92-1.96; corresponding data from postal questionnaires-RR 1.13, limits 0.73-1.75). However, although not significant, the risk estimated from data in the postal questionnaires was higher in women who had used OCs for 5 years or more (use greater than or equal to 5 years vs never use, RR 1.57, limits 0.83-3.03). Previously demonstrated risk factors for melanoma, such as fair skin, blond or red hair and Celtic origin were found to be commoner in the cases than in the controls. Data from the Oxford/Family Planning Association contraceptive study were also examined. Unexpectedly there was a strong suggestion of a negative association between OC use and melanoma risk, but the analysis was based on only 12 women with the disease. PMID- 7259963 TI - Acute renal failure following reintroduction of rifampicin after a prolonged interval. PMID- 7259962 TI - Histological grade and efferent vascular invasion in human breast carcinoma. AB - Primary breast carcinomas (23) with axillary-node metastases that also showed tumour cells in the efferent nodal vessels, tended to be of higher histological grade than those (21) without efferent vascular invasion. Nuclear hyperchromatism and mitosis is the factor of importance to grading in this respect. This factor also differentiated between RE+ and RE- carcinomas in this material. PMID- 7259961 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activities and glucocorticoid receptors in leukaemia. AB - The relation between terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activity, glucocorticoid (GC) receptors and the effect of vincristine-prednisolone (VP) therapy on fresh leukaemia cases was examined. Five of 6 TdT+ leukaemias showed high levels of GC receptors and a favourable response to VP therapy, whereas 1 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and 3 of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) cases in blast crisis with no TdT activity showed low level of GC receptors and poor response to VP therapy. Significant correlation (r = 0.821, P less than 0.01) was observed between TdT activity and the number of GC receptor sites in these cases. X2 test showed significant difference (P less than 0.01) between TdT+ and TdT- leukaemias in the effect of VP. A significant difference (P less than 0.01) was also observed between VP-effective and ineffective leukaemias in the number of GC-receptor sites by unpaired t test. Therefore GC receptors may be responsible for the effect of VP on TdT+ leukaemias. PMID- 7259964 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphatic leukaemia and the lung. AB - In a retrospective study of 81 patients with non-Hodgkins's lymphoma and 35 patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia, pulmonary involvement was found in 25% of cases and pleural effusion in 19%. Twenty-four patients (20%) had intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and 12 of these had associated pleural or lung involvement. Infiltration occurred almost exclusively in diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma and chronic lymphatic leukaemia, whereas round lesions were seen only in undifferentiated lymphomas. Pleural effusion complicated most histological types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but was uncommon in chronic lymphatic leukaemia. Pleural biopsy was successful in diagnosing lymphoma in nine of ten patients with an effusion in whom it was performed. Both pulmonary and pleural involvement responded poorly to treatment and had an adverse effect on prognosis. In contrast, intrathoracic lymphadenopathy responded well to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy and did not affect prognosis adversely when it occurred in the absence of other intrathoracic manifestations of lymphoma. PMID- 7259965 TI - The bronchitic patient: a study of his employment problems. AB - Ninety-three male chronic bronchitics aged 40-64 years, 41 employed and 52 unemployed, were studied by structural interviews to evaluate factors leading to unemployment. Age was not important. Those employed were a little less disabled, and more were skilled, married, had working wives, had given up smoking, had tolerant employers and had suitable jobs, and fewer had travel problems. Of those unemployed most were not actively seeking work and, in half, income had not fallen with unemployment. Those interviewed felt that the Disablement Resettlement Officer, Industrial Rehabilitation Unit and their trade union did little to help with their problems. Ways to improve employment prospects for bronchitics are discussed. PMID- 7259966 TI - Calcium and phosphate metabolism in sarcoidosis with particular reference to parathyroid function. AB - Fifty-six consecutive patients with sarcoidosis, 31 subacute and 25 chronic, were investigated for abnormalities of calcium and phosphate metabolism with particular reference to parathyroid function. No abnormality of serum calcium, phosphate, creatinine or alkaline phosphatase was found. Serum levels of 25-OH cholecalciferol were normal and parathyroid hormone levels were normal in all but one patient. Maximum renal tubular reabsorption capacities for calcium and phosphate (TmCa/GFR, TmP/GFR) in relation to glomerular filtration rate in the fasting state, were abnormal in some patients but this did not correlate with any other abnormality in parathyroid function. There was significant hypercalciuria (greater than 10 mmol calcium per 24 hours) in 7.5% of our patients and this is believed to be due to increased calcium flow. PMID- 7259967 TI - Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: assessment by graded trephine lung biopsy histology compared with clinical, radiographic, and physiological features. PMID- 7259969 TI - Pulmonary diffusing capacity in chronic renal failure. AB - Reduced carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) is a frequent and often isolated pulmonary physiological abnormality in patients with chronic renal failure. In 20 patients with chronic renal failure who had normal spirometry (FEV1 and FVC greater than 80% of predicted) and near normal chest roentgenograms (three had mild cardiomegaly), the DLCO was significantly reduced compared to values obtained from 25 healthy laboratory staff and renal transplant donors. DLCO and diffusing capacity standardized for alveolar volume (KCO) remained reduced after correction for anaemia. No relationship between anaemia and severity of reduction of DLCO was demonstrated. These observations suggest that in addition to anaemia and ventilatory abnormalities, there may be other factors causing a reduced DLCO in chronic renal failure. PMID- 7259968 TI - The inhaling habits of pipe smokers. AB - Carboxyhaemoglobin and plasma nicotine levels were compared in five primary and five secondary pipe (i.e. previous cigarette smoking) smokers over the course of one hour's pipe smoking. The primary pipe smokers had low pre-smoking nicotine and carboxyhaemoglobin levels with a small increase after smoking (carboxyhaemoglobin 1.1% rising to 1.26% and nicotine 7.7 nmol/litre rising to 33.9 nmol/litre). Secondary pipe smokers had a higher pre-smoking carboxyhaemoglobin and nicotine level with a significant rise during smoking (carboxyhaemoglobin 3.0% rising to 4.3%, plasma nicotine 74.3 nmol/litre rising to 215.8 nmol/litre), indicating significant inhalation and absorption of carbon monoxide and nicotine. These results indicate that primary pipe smokers, who have never smoked cigarettes, do not inhale and absorb very little nicotine. Secondary pipe smokers do not lose their habit of inhaling and absorb large amounts of nicotine and carbon monoxide. They may not share the lower health hazard of the primary pipe smoker. PMID- 7259971 TI - Pleural effusion in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: two case reports. AB - Two cases of pleural effusion associated with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis are described. This association has not previously been reported. In one case the effusion cleared with prednisolone. It is suggested that the effusions were directly related to the aspergillosis. PMID- 7259970 TI - Facemask or mouthpiece for delivery of nebulized bronchodilator aerosols? AB - Two methods of administering nebulized bronchodilator solution were compared in 15 patients with chronic airflow obstruction. There was no significant difference between facemask and mouthpiece as far as breathlessness, wheezing or improvement in peak expiratory flow were concerned. Ten patients preferred facemasks, three preferred mouthpieces; two preferred mouthpieces except when severely breathless, when they preferred the facemask. It is suggested that the patients be allowed to use either mask or mouthpiece depending on their preference. PMID- 7259974 TI - Occult Bowen's disease in keratinous cysts. PMID- 7259976 TI - Treatment of brittle nails and dry eyes. PMID- 7259972 TI - Thyroxine and dyspnoea in emphysema. PMID- 7259977 TI - Transepidermal chloride flux through hydrated skin: combination chloride electrode. AB - A combination chloride electrode was used to determine quantitatively the outward rate of epidermal chloride transport in vivo. Regional anatomical variation and the effects of topical agents and cellophane tape strippings on the rate of chloride diffusion were determined. Transepidermal chloride flux through hydrated skin appears to be an alternative method for determining stratum corneum function in vivo. PMID- 7259973 TI - Clinical and photobiological characteristics of Japanese xeroderma pigmentosum variant. AB - Clinical and photobiological differences between Japanese patients belonging to xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) variant and complementation group A were studied, especially focussing on XP variants. All of the XP variant patients commonly manifested a delayed onset of pigmented freckles as the initial symptom around 5- 7 years old without acute sun erythema, in contrast to the early manifestation of acute solar erythema during infancy in XP group A patients. Six XP variant patients tested showed normal and three showed low minimal erythema doses (MEDs), at the 24 h reaction peak after monochromatic u.v. (280--330 nm) irradiation, while XP group A patients had definitely low MEDs (280--350 nm) with abnormally delayed peaking of the erythema reaction at 72 h. In cell culture studies, all XP variant strains exhibited normal levels of 254 nm u.v.-induced, unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS), 1.4--2 times more accumulation of excision DNA breaks by arabinofuranosyl cytosine and hydroxyurea due to a subtle defect in the later polymerization step of excision repair, and a slightly higher sensitivity to u.v. cell killing than did normal cells. With respect to the synergistic effect of caffeine on u.v. lethality, XP variant strains could be divided into caffeine susceptible (eight cases) and caffeine-resistant (two cases) subgroups. The extent of excision-break accumulation was greater in the former subgroup than in the latter. All of eight XP variant patients whose cells showed caffeine potentiation of u.v. lethality had already had skin malignancies, but two sib patients whose cells were caffeine-resistant had as yet had no neoplasm. It is strongly suggested that in XP variant, caffeine-susceptibility may be related to the development of neoplasms. PMID- 7259981 TI - The atrophogenic effect of crude coal tar on human epidermis. AB - The effects of crude coal tar on human epidermis were studied in fourteen healthy young adult males. A 20% reduction in viable epidermal thickness, as determined by computer assisted analytical microscopy, was observed after 40 days of topical treatment. Prior to this long term effect of crude coal tar, an initial transient hyperplasia was observed during the first 2 weeks of treatment. These findings indicate that crude coal tar by itself can act as a cytostatic agent on normal human skin, when applied intensively. PMID- 7259978 TI - Diffusion of oxygen through the mouse ear. AB - Oxygen tension differences across the mouse ear have been measured polarographically under conditions of no blood flow. For some experiments the ear was split into two by cleavage along the central cartilage plate, and the diffusion of oxygen measured in both directions across these asymmetrical preparations. Measurements were also made on ears from which the stratum corneum had been removed by stripping with Sellotape. It was possible to relate these results to a simple multi-layer diffusion model. The main barrier to diffusion of oxygen resides in the stratum corneum, whose permeability is estimated to be 1 . 2 X 10(-8) ml O2 atm-1 cm-1 S-1. The permeability of the rest of the ear is 4 . 7 X 10(-7) ml O2 atm-1 cm-1 S-1. The inhibition of tissue respiration by the local injection of solutions of sodium amytal, potassium cyanide and other substances reduced the oxygen gradients by factors of between 3 and 7. Cooling the ear from room temperature to 0 degree C reduced the gradients by a factor of about 4. PMID- 7259980 TI - Ultraviolet light treatment delays contact sensitization to nitrogen mustard. AB - Contact sensitivity to nitrogen mustard was delayed after first treating patients with u.v. light. While the number of patients becoming sensitive to nitrogen mustard after ultraviolet light exposure was not significantly different from the control, the number of patients who became sensitive in the first 30 days was significantly less than the control group. It is postulated than this delay in sensitization is due to an alteration of the patients' epidermal Langerhans cells, produced by the u.v. light exposure. PMID- 7259979 TI - Age-related changes in human dermal elastic fibres. AB - Age-related changes in human dermal elastic fibres were studied by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. The SEM findings showed an increase in the complexity of shape and arrangement of the fibres including flattening and branching, an increase in the roughness of the surface, and a decrease in interfibrillar areas. The TEM findings showed a decrease in micro-fibrils and amorphous material, and an increase in electron dense inclusions followed by the appearance of vesicular structure. PMID- 7259982 TI - Six-month controlled study of effect of desoximetasone and betamethasone 17 valerate on the pituitary-adrenal axis. AB - Twenty-two patients were treated with desoximetasone emollient cream 0.25% twice daily without occlusion for 6 months. Patients applied the medication to approximately one-third of their body over psoriatic lesions. Corticosteroid plasma cortisol values decreased to below normal limits in nine patients before the 6-month study was terminated. In four of these the plasma cortisol spontaneously returned to normal despite therapy; in four other patients, however, the plasma cortisol was still suppressed at the end of 5 months of continual therapy but returned to normal within 7 days of discontinuation of the medication. In one patient, lost to further follow-up at 5 1/2 months of therapy, the trend at the fourth month was an increase in plasma cortisol to within one unit of normal range. Betamethasone 17-valerate 0.1% cream applied twice daily did not suppress plasma cortisol in twenty-three patients similarly tested. The clinical response to desoximetasone emollient cream was significantly better than to betamethasone valerate cream. This study closely approximates the way in which many patients with steroid-responsive dermatoses use potent topical steroids, namely over a long time period and without occlusion. PMID- 7259975 TI - Urticaria in association with etiocholanolone fever. AB - A 17-year-old girl is reported with a history of recurrent febrile episodes during her menstrual bleeding accompanied by a generalised exanthem. Increased plasma levels of unbound etiocholanolone were noticed during the febrile attacks. Both the fever and the skin eruption could be suppressed by oral contraceptives. PMID- 7259983 TI - Vinyl chloride disorder. PMID- 7259984 TI - Epoxy dermatitis from the non-working environment. PMID- 7259985 TI - Medical evidence in court. PMID- 7259986 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: proposals for a revised prognostic staging system. Report from the International Workshop on CLL. PMID- 7259987 TI - Treatment of refractory adult acute lymphocytic leukaemia and acute undifferentiated leukaemia with an anthracycline antibiotic and cytosine arabinoside. AB - Ten patients with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) and four patients with acute undifferentiated leukaemia (AUL) in relapse or refractory to conventional therapy were treated with remission induction therapy consisting of an anthracycline antibiotic and cytosine arabinoside. Twelve patients had previously demonstrated resistance to vincristine-prednisone and nine patients had prior anthracycline therapy. Nine patients achieved complete remission after one course of therapy with a median time to remission of 30 d. Of five nonresponders, three died of sepsis with marrow hypocellularity and no evidence of residual leukaemia. Only two patients had unequivocal evidence for resistance to an anthracycline-cytosine arabinoside regimen. Myelosuppression and infection were the most significant complications of therapy. The data presented indicate that marrow ablative chemotherapy with an anthracycline antibiotic and cytosine arabinoside is an effective regimen for remission induction in adults with ALL and AUL refractory to vincristine-prednisone. The use of these agents in remission consolidation therapy may offer the possibility of providing a reduction in residual resistant cells that are present after successful remission induction therapy with conventional agents. PMID- 7259988 TI - Heat-induced radial segmentation of leucocyte nuclei: a non-specific phenomenon accompanying inflammatory and necrotizing diseases. AB - Heat-induced radial segmentation (RS) of leucocyte nuclei in vitro (2 h at 41 degrees C) is a heretofore unknown phenomenon, accompanying inflammatory and necrotizing diseases. This phenomenon appears to be identical with the known oxalate-induced radial segmentation and is caused by contractile microfilaments and microtubuli radiating from the centriole. Preincubation of washed leucocytes from healthy donors with plasma of patients showing the phenomenon of RS did not induce RS and preincubation of washed RS-leucocytes with normal plasma did not suppress RS. RS, however, could be induced by intravenous endotoxin injection in a healthy volunteer and could be prevented in part by addition of Vincristine to the blood samples. The phenomenon corresponds to an incomplete, heat-inducible amitosis. The cause of the thermolability of the mitotic apparatus in various diseases remains unclear. PMID- 7259989 TI - Erythropoietin measurements in the differential diagnosis of polycythaemia. AB - An in vitro bioassay has been used to measure erythropoietin levels in extracts of serum from 74 patients with polycythaemia. Patients with polycythaemia vera in relapse had subnormal or undetectable levels which did not increase after challenge by venesection. In polycythaemia secondary to hypoxaemia serum erythropoietin concentrations were generally elevated with a further elevation occurring after venesection. Where polycythaemia was secondary to renal polycystic disease or tumours increased levels of erythropoietin could not be consistently demonstrated. In these patients the serum erythropoietin was unaffected by venesection. In other patients in whom the cause for polycythaemia was unknown examples of each of the above patterns were seen. Erythropoietin investigations in such patients may help in the elucidation of the underlying pathology. PMID- 7259990 TI - G6PD Napoli and Ferrara II: two new glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants having similar characteristics but different intracellular lability and specific activity. AB - Two new glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, D-glucose 6-phosphate: NADP oxido reductase, E.C. 1.1.1.49) variants, designated G6PD Napoli and G6PD Ferrara II, are described in propositi from two unrelated families. Characterization side by side of the two variants according to W.H.O. recommendations reveals minor differences which are mostly related to utilization of artificial substrates (increased in both cases as compared with normal G6PD type B). Other properties, which are not significantly distinctive between the two variants, are an enzyme activity amounting to nearly 20% of normal, a decreased electrophoretic mobility, decreased Km values for glucose-6-phosphate and NADP, normal thermostability and biphasic pH curves. However, marked differences emerged between the two variants and between either variant and G6PD B as well, when a number of microtechniques were used. These were: (1) the half-lives of G6PD Napoli and G6PD Ferrara II are 16 and 29 d, respectively, while that of G6PD B is 63 d; (2) the specific activities, measured by a method involving direct estimation of G6PD protein on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic tracings, are 166 I.U./mg (G6PD Napoli) and 59 I.U./mg (G6PD Ferrara II), as compared with normal value of 180 I.U./mg (G6PD B). On the whole, these findings allow the conclusion that the deficiency of catalytic activity is related to an accelerated though distinctive decay of both mutant enzyme proteins within the affected erythrocytes and that a significant impairment of catalytic efficiency is also involved, as a result of the underlying structural mutation in the case of G6PD Ferrara II. PMID- 7259991 TI - Transient Donath-Landsteiner haemolytic anaemia. AB - Five children with 'paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria' are described. In all of them an upper respiratory tract infection preceded the episode of acute intravascular haemolysis and potentially pathogenic organisms were recovered from four. The haematological features are presented and the importance of technique in the detection of the pathognomonic antibody is stressed and discussed in detail. Although the clinical manifestations are usually self-limiting and of short duration, it may be necessary, because of the rapidity and severity of anaemia, to provide interim support with appropriate blood transfusion. Since the disease is not usually recurrent and not clearly related to exposure to cold, it is suggested that it be re-named Donath-Landsteiner haemolytic anaemia. PMID- 7259992 TI - Red cell membrane response to hydrogen peroxide-sensitivity in hereditary xerocytosis and in other abnormal red cells. AB - Osmotically resistant red cells associated with some haemolytic anaemias, including hereditary xerocytosis, sickle-cell disease and beta thalassaemia minor, are more sensitive than normal red cells to exogenous in vitro hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This sensitivity is manifested by a rapid loss of intracellular potassium, shape change, protein aggregation, and methaemoglobin formation at lower concentrations of H2O2 (225 microM) than are required to induce similar effects in normal red cells (450 microM). Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) formation occurs later than the other effects and can be inhibited by the antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), without affecting protein aggregation or potassium leak. Incubation of normal red cells directly with MDA induces protein aggregation, but only after 1 h of incubation. Although nystatin-sucrose treated normal cells which are dehydrated with altered cation content, and therefore osmotically resistant, do not display abnormal H2O2 hypersensitivity as manifested by excessive potassium permeability, they do show an increase in methaemoglobin formation and protein aggregation similar to xerocytes. These data indicate that membrane protein cross-linking occurring immediately following H2O2 exposure seems independent of either the sulfhydryl or MDA mechanisms, and that the membrane permeability of the abnormal red cells predisposes them to oxidative damage. PMID- 7259993 TI - Ineffective erythropoiesis in haemoglobin E beta -thalassaemia: an electron microscope study. AB - Electron microscope studies have been performed on the bone marrow cells of two non-splenectomized patients and the circulating erythroblasts and reticulocytes of three splenectomized patients with HbE/beta-thalassaemia. Some intracellular precipitates (probably consisting of alpha-chains) and mild dyserythropoietic changes were found in the early polychromatic erythroblasts within the bone marrow. Larger quantities of precipitate and more marked dyserythropoietic changes were found in the late polychromatic erythroblasts and reticulocytes both within the marrow and within the circulation. The bone marrow macrophages contained phagocytosed erythroblasts within their cytoplasm. These data indicate that the anaemia in HbE/beta-thalassaemia results largely from dyserythropoiesis and ineffective erythropoiesis. The ultrastructural abnormalities encountered in the cases of HbE/beta-thalassaemia were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those seen in homozygous beta-thalassaemia. PMID- 7259997 TI - Plasma factors and thrombasthenic platelets. PMID- 7259995 TI - Differentiation of cell surface receptors on normal human bone marrow myeloid precursors. AB - Receptors for IgG and complement are present on the plasma membrane of functionally mature blood neutrophils. Neutrophilic precursors lack these membrane receptors, which may account for their diminished phagocytic capability. In this study, myeloid precursors from human bone marrow were examined for the presence and activity of membrane receptors for IgG and activated complement. Morphologic identification by light microscopy of neutrophilic cells are made by rosetting techniques and chloroacetate esterase cytochemical staining and at the ultrastructural level by peroxidase reactivity. This study showed the Fc receptor was the only membrane marker on the myeloblasts and that the number of cells with the receptor increased with maturation. Functional investigation of the Fc receptor indicated that its presence on early myeloid cells was insufficient to induce IgG-mediated ingestion. Phagocytosis via the Fc receptor was not acquired until the metamyelocyte stage. Complement receptors, C3d and C3b, appeared later than the Fc receptor. The C3d receptor, detected first on the promyelocyte, remained relatively constant throughout maturation, whereas the C3b receptor acquired acquired at the myelocyte stage increased with maturation. These data provide evidence that distinct membrane changes occur during normal myeloid cell maturation and that the presence of these membrane receptors is not sufficient for Fc-mediated ingestion to occur. PMID- 7259996 TI - Sex-linked difference in blood-group distribution among patients suffering from acute leukaemias. PMID- 7259998 TI - The indicence of severe pre-eclampsia amongst mothers and mothers-in-law of pre eclamptics and controls. AB - In order to distinguish between a maternal, fetal or maternal and fetal genetic predisposition towards severe pre-eclampsia, the first pregnancies of 158 mothers and 160 mothers-in-law of pre-eclamptic women and of matched controls were analysed. Fourteen per cent of mothers of pre-eclamptics were found to have had severe pre-eclampsia, confirming previous suggestions that the condition "runs in families', in contrast to only a 3% incidence amongst mothers of controls. The incidence in mothers-in-law of both pre-eclamptics and controls was 4%, in full agreement with a maternal genotype hypothesis and suggesting that the fetal genotype plays, at most, only a minor role in the aetiology of severe pre eclampsia. The data are in agreement with the hypothesis that a single recessive gene acting in the mother could be responsible for severe pre-eclampsia, but multifactorial inheritance is not ruled out. Mild pre-eclampsia showed no such familial tendency, indicating that the mild and severe forms of pre-eclampsia may represent separate pathological entities. PMID- 7259994 TI - Bernard-Soulier disease: a study of four patients and their parents. AB - Two families with Bernard-Soulier disease, including four patients and three of their parents, were studied and detailed clinical summaries are presented. One patient in each family has suffered severe bleeding problems while the other affected sibling is less severely affected. There has been no excessive bleeding in any of the parents or other family members. The patients demonstrated the abnormalities characteristic for Bernard-Soulier disease: thrombocytopenia, giant platelets, prolonged bleeding time, abnormal platelet aggregation to human FVIIIvWF and ristocetin or bovine FVIIIvWF alone, defective ristocetin-induced binding of human 125I-FVIIIvWF multimers, decreased platelet lysis by a drug dependent antibody and complement, and a decreased concentration of membrane glycoprotein I. The parents had normal platelet counts, bleeding times, and FVIII mediated aggregation. However, the parents had abnormally large platelets decreased sensitivity to lysis by a drug-dependent antibody and complement, and a decreased concentration of membrane glycoprotein I. Therefore the heterozygous state for Bernard-Soulier disease is recognizable by platelet membrane abnormalities although there is no defect of platelet function and no excessive bleeding. Red cell membrane proteins of one patient were normal, suggesting that phenotypic expression of the Bernard-Soulier disease defect is restricted to platelets. PMID- 7259999 TI - Numerical analysis of the normal human antenatal fetal heart rate. AB - A numerical method for separation of the frequency components of the fetal heart rate, and for identifying episodes of high or low variation, was applied to 196 64-minute ultrasound records in normal pregnancies during the last half of gestation. Most variables of heart period variation increased with gestation, as did the incidence of accelerations. Before 35 weeks, accelerations of greater than or equal to 14 beats/minute did not occur in all records. Cyclic episodes of low and high variation ("unreactive' and "reactive' episodes), associated with rest-activity cycles, could be identified from 27 weeks onwards. After 36 weeks gestation the length of low variation episodes increased and the variation during these episodes fell. Near term, low variation episodes lasted up to 40 minutes. It is concluded that on scrutiny of fetal heart rate records for evidence of normality, or otherwise, due account should be taken of gestational age. PMID- 7260000 TI - Micturition and the heart period cycle in the human fetus. PMID- 7260002 TI - An analysis of preterm singleton deliveries and associated perinatal deaths in a total population. PMID- 7260003 TI - Brief psychosomatic therapy for consummation of marriage. AB - We describe the treatment of sexual problems by Members of the Institute of Psychosexual Medicine who are trained to recognise and use therapeutically the doctor-patient interaction. A prospective study of long-standing cases of nonconsummation was chosen for evaluation of therapy as there was a definite outcome. Of 50 couples, most of whom had previously had many unsuccessful consultations, 64 per cent consummated within six months and 72 per cent in 14 months. Among those who had failed actually to consummate at six months, one third had increased their ability to enjoy sexual activity. The average number of attendances was six, involving altogether about four hours' work. These findings compare well with those reported in other studies and suggest that referral of such cases to a doctor specially trained in brief psychosomatic therapy tends to bring the best results. PMID- 7260004 TI - Haemostasis in menstrual endometrium in the presence of an intrauterine device. AB - The histology and ultrastructure of the haemostatic response in the endometrium have been studied in 12 uteri containing an inert or copper wound intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). The uteri were removed during the premenstrual phase or during the first 96 hours of menstruation. The results have been compared to earlier observations in non-IUCD influenced endometrium. In all uteri the tissue shedding proceeded more slowly in the presence of an IUCD and considerably fewer haemostatic plugs were found. The platelets in these plugs were more loosely packed and less degranulated, and the plugs contained less fibrin than in the absence of an IUCD. Haemostatic plugs were still observed at times when no such plugs were seen in uteri without an IUCD. Unoccluded vessel lesions were regularly seen and vessels open to the shedding surface were occasionally encountered. These observations suggest that IUCD-induced menorrhagia is caused by the combination of delayed shedding and a decreased haemostatic reaction in the endometrium. PMID- 7260001 TI - Measurement of the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and phosphatidylglycerol in aminotic fluid: an accurate method for the assessment of fetal lung maturity. AB - A total of 506 amniotic fluid samples from 337 pregnancies was analysed for lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio and phosphatidylglycerol. Two-dimensional chromatography on either laboratory-made or commercial thin-layer silica gel plates was required for proper resolution of the phospholipids. The predictive accuracy of the L/S ratio and the phosphatidylglycerol analysis was assessed in 225 patients, 187 of whom had an L/S ratio of 2 or more. In addition to predicting respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, the phospholipid results predicted the risk of transient tachypnoea, symptomatic pneumothorax and the persistence of fetal circulation. The phosphatidylglycerol results improved the predictive value of both the mature L/S ratio (2 or more) and the non-mature L/S ratio (below 2). PMID- 7260005 TI - Oral contraception and myocardial infarction revisited: the effects of new preparations and prescribing patterns. AB - All deaths from myocardial infarction occurring during 1978 in women aged 15-44 years in England and Wales have been investigated. Using a case-control approach, oral contraceptives were found to be associated with an approximately two-fold increase in risk of this condition, but the effect was apparent only in women with no known risk factors for ischaemic heart disease. Preparations containing 30 micrograms or less oestrogen were associated with the same risk as those containing 50 micrograms oestrogen, but this could be due to the fact that preparations containing less oestrogen tend to contain higher doses of progestogens. Oral contraceptives appear no longer to be prescribed for women with recognised coronary risk factors and this improved prescribing practice has probably resulted in a substantial decrease in mortality attributable to oral contraceptive use. PMID- 7260006 TI - The effect of menopausal status and sequential mestranol and norethisterone on serum biochemical profiles. AB - Serum biochemical profiles were compared in matched groups of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Significantly higher concentrations of sodium, urea, calcium, albumin and alkaline phosphatase were found in the postmenopausal group. In the postmenopausal group, following treatment with sequential mestranol and norethisterone, significant reductions were recorded in the concentrations of sodium, urea, calcium, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and glucose and significant increases were recorded in the concentration of globulin and in body weight. The findings suggest that haemoconcentration may take place after the menopause and that this effect may be modified by hormone treatment. No adverse effect on liver function was noted following the hormone treatment. PMID- 7260007 TI - An endodermal sinus tumour of the vagina in an infant with seven year survival. Case report. PMID- 7260008 TI - Bilateral herpetic keratitis. AB - Thirty patients with bilateral herpetic keratitis were evaluated, 40% of whom were atopic. Stromal keratitis occurred in 40% of the eyes and recurrent ulceration in 68%. Four patients (5 eyes) developed secondary microbial keratitis. Visual acuity decreased to 6/60 or less because of corneal opacification in 17% of the eyes. PMID- 7260009 TI - Experimental ulcerative herpetic keratitis. II. Influence of topical corticosteroid in immunised rabbits. AB - Since the great majority of patients possess immune response to herpes simplex virus (HSV), the influence of a topical anti-inflammatory corticosteroid (0.1% clobetasone butyrate) on ulcerative herpetic keratitis was studied in rabbits with a previous HSV skin infection (immunised) and compared with that in normal rabbits. Corticosteroid treatment had a much greater ulceration-exacerbating effect in immunised than in normal animals. On day 7 the mean area of ulceration in immunised rabbits were 3 times greater in treated eyes. 0.01% clobetasone butyrate treatment had less effect on immunised rabbits; 0.001% had no effect. It is concluded that the immunised rabbit provides a useful experimental model for studying the relationship between concentration of topical anti-inflammatory agents and enhancement of herpetic ulceration. PMID- 7260011 TI - The fellow eye. AB - The result of a 10-year longitudinal study of the fellow eye at risk of developing closed-angle glaucoma (because the presenting eye had the disease) is described. 202 eyes were observed between 1 August 1970 and 31 July 1980. Each eye was provoked shortly after presentation using a pilocarpine phenylephrine provocative test. If the test produced a closed-angle glaucoma an iridectomy was done; if closed-angle glaucoma did not occur the eye was observed and it was reprovoked at yearly intervals. There were 3 possible outcomes for any one eye. Either the eye developed closed-angle glaucoma; or it was lost to follow-up; or at the end of the study the patient was alive, under observation, without having developed glaucoma. 90% of acute attacks occurred within 6 months of presentation. If an eye survived the first year without getting glaucoma the probability of its development in any one year period up to the fifth anniversary was 0.05; thereafter it was zero. The cumulative probability of an eye surviving to the fifth anniversary without glaucoma was 0.34, remaining constant thereafter; that is 34% of iridectomies are unnecessary. A high prevalence of ocular hypertension was seen in eyes that did not have an iridectomy (26%). It was concluded that a routine iridectomy is not necessary and that the fellow eye that will get glaucoma can usually be detected. The untreated fellow eye presents a naturally occurring model of one of the mechanisms involved in the production of ocular hypertension. PMID- 7260010 TI - Prevalence of map-dot-fingerprint changes in the cornea. AB - Map-dot-fingerprint basement-membrane abnormalities of the cornea are common in the general population, affecting as many as 76% of persons over age 50 and 42% of persons of all ages. The prevalence of this condition in the general population is not significantly different from that found in families of patients with recurrent corneal erosions and map-dot-fingerprint corneal changes. Despite this extremely high prevalence of basement-membrane changes the incidence of recurrent erosive symptoms in total groups of patients with basement-membrane changes is quite rare, suggesting that these 2 entities are possibly not related. Although previous observers have suggested an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance of these basement-membrane changes, our data raise the possibility that map-dot-fingerprint basement-membrane changes represent an age-dependent, degenerative condition of the cornea. We were unable, however, to prove either hypothesis. PMID- 7260012 TI - A simplified approach to the management of tangential retinal traction bands. PMID- 7260013 TI - Tears of detached retinal pigment epithelium. AB - Ripping of detached pigment epithelium appears to be a common sight-threatening complication of pigment epithelial detachments and occurs at the junction of the detachment and flat pigment epithelium. The characteristics of the detachment prior to the rip suggest that the tear occurs in pigment epithelium which is detached without its basement membrane. The tear is followed by retraction of the pigment epithelium, revealing bare Bruch's membrane. The defect may remain apparently unaltered, or may be recovered by normal looking pigment epithelium, but most commonly is replaced by a fibrous plaque. Most patients had a profound reduction in visual acuity. PMID- 7260014 TI - Retinal detachment due to macular holes. PMID- 7260016 TI - Eye injuries in children. AB - We report a retrospective study of children's eye injuries treated during 1977 at Helsinki University Eye Hospital. There were 110 cases representing 34.5% of all eye injuries and 3% of all patients treated in 1977; 81.8% were boys and 18.2% girls. Half of the injuries were caused by another child, one-third were self inflicted, and the rest were other accidents. The risk of eye injury in girls was low and stable at all ages, but in boys the risk grew markedly at the age of 8 years. The commonest cause of injury was a thrown missile. Other important causes were shots, hits, and sports accidents. Two-thirds of the injuries were concussions. The proportion of perforation was 8.9%, which is a much lower figure than in earlier reports, suggesting that the injuries have become milder. Some kind of complication was seen in 16% of concussions. No secondary bleeding was found among them. Permanent impairment of vision was seen in 2 cases: one had a visual acuity of 0.1 because of traumatic cataract and the other 0.6 because of corneal scars. Although the number of perforations was too low for statistical analysis, the final result in this group suggests that the prognosis of perforating eye injury is still as bad as it was during the 1950s. PMID- 7260015 TI - Macular sparing investigated by means of Haidinger brushes. AB - Haidinger brushes, an entoptic phenomenon perceived only through the most central macular retina, have been used in addition to kinetic and static perimetry with the Tubingen perimeter for determining macular sparing and splitting in hemianopic patients. Seven patients were examined: 2 with a bitemporal hemianopia resulting from traumatic damage to the optic chiasma, and 5 with a homonymous hemianopia resulting from extensive lesions of the optic radiations and/or the occipital cortex (including 2 cases of hemidecortication). On perimetric examination some exceptions could be observed in the correspondence of macular splitting and sparing respectively with pre- and postgeniculate lesions, but this was not the case when Haidinger brushes were used. Half of the figure was then perceived by the patients with lesions of the chiasma and the entire figure by all the patients with geniculostriate lesions. We consider that results obtained by this simple method are more reliable than those obtained by perimetry and that Haidinger brushes should be used for macular field examination in neuro ophthalmic practice. PMID- 7260017 TI - Traumatic hyphaema in Kaduna, Nigeria. AB - In a 2-year prospective study of 76 patients with traumatic hyphaema seen at the Ahmadu Bello University Hospital, Kaduna, 75% were under 20 years of age. A low male to female ratio of 3 to 1 relative to other reports was noted. Hyphaema occurred in the left eye 1.6 times more often than in the right eye. Thrown objects, such as sticks and stones, caused hyphaema in the largest number of patients in the series. Only 34.2% of the patients reported for care within the first 24 hours of injury, while as many as 46.9% of them had total hyphaema. These factors are vastly different from most other reports. Of 62 patients with known final visual acuity 40 (64.5%) had vision of counting fingers at 1 m or less in the affected eyes. The final vision was worse as the level of hyphaema increased. Thus of 13 patients with vision of no perception of light, 8 (61.5%) had total hyphaema. The reasons for some of the differences from other reports are discussed and suggestions are offered as to ways of improving the visual outcome from the disease. PMID- 7260018 TI - Incidence of optic disc haemorrhages in chronic simple glaucoma and ocular hypertension. AB - 1829 photographs of optic discs taken during routine examination and follow-up of 320 glaucoma patients and 169 cases of ocular hypertension were examined for the presence of haemorrhages on the disc. As expected, the observed incidence of disc haemorrhages rose with increase in the number of occasions on which the patient was photographed. It was concluded that at least one-third of glaucoma patients show a disc haemorrhage at one time or another. Disc haemorrhages were seen more often in patients with established glaucoma than in those with ocular hypertension. In patients with chronic simple glaucoma eyes with full fields and low cup: disc ratios showed haemorrhages less often than eyes with field defects and more advanced damage to the optic disc, but apart from this there was no marked tendency for haemorrhages to occur at a particular stage of the disease. Haemorrhages were more frequent in low-tension than in chronic simple glaucoma, but this was probably only part of a more general variation which was revealed when eyes were graded according to the maximum pressures ever recorded, there being a very significant trend in which more haemorrhages were found in eyes with lower than with higher intraocular pressures over the range from 10 to 60 mmHg. PMID- 7260019 TI - Quantitative trabeculectomy. AB - The technique and results of a trabeculectomy are presented where the desired final intraocular pressure (IOP) is obtained by means of adjusting the thickness of sclerocorneal tissue removed to the initial pressure. The procedure was used in 35 eyes with all types of glaucoma and pre-operative pressures of up to 50 mmHg. In 78.3% of cases one operation was sufficient to control the IOP without additional medication. Two eyes had to be reoperated on, and 7 more needed additional pressure-lowering medication. The overall success rate, therefore, rose to 97.3%. The only failure occurred in an eye with irreducible acute angle closure glaucoma where malignant glaucoma complicated the trabeculectomy. Complications included hyphaema (3), shallow anterior chamber (7)--with or without choroidal detachment--and transient rise in the IOP. All complications subsided with conservative therapy. PMID- 7260020 TI - Intraocular melanoma, diabetes, and Turner's syndrome: presentation with proptosis. AB - A patient with Turner's syndrome and untreated diabetes mellitus presented with a blind, painful, glaucomatous eye and progressive unilateral proptosis. Although a computerised tomographic scan failed to show evidence of a retroocular extension of the presumed choroidal melanoma, the clinical features were so suggestive of extraocular extension that an orbital exenteration was considered. Examination of the enucleated eye for histological conformation of the presence of malignant melanoma showed no extraocular extension, and histology of the retroocular connective tissue revealed only haemorrhage and fibroblastic activity. There are 3 other reported cases of malignant melanoma presenting as proptosis without extraocular extension, so that extreme caution is required when exenteration is deemed necessary on clinical grounds but where computerised scanning fails to reveal direct tumour spread. PMID- 7260022 TI - Retinal abnormalities in ophthalmoplegic lipidosis. PMID- 7260023 TI - Lethal midline lymphoma causing acute dacryocystitis. PMID- 7260024 TI - A new indirect ophthalmoscope prototype. PMID- 7260021 TI - Gyrate atrophy with hyperornithinaemia: different types of responsiveness to vitamin B6. AB - Three cases of Japanese patients with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinaemia were studied clinically and biochemically. The types of disease differed in responsiveness to vitamin B6. In-vivo responsiveness to vitamin B6 was correlated with in-vitro data. It is suggested that the in-vitro examination of the influence of pyridoxal phosphate on ornithine ketoacid transaminase activity in cultured fibroblasts may be useful in ascertaining the efficacy of vitamin B6 treatment in gyrate atrophy. In addition the early development of the fundus lesions was observed in one case (case 1), and the ciliary body abnormality and chorioretinal atrophy were noted in another (case 3). PMID- 7260025 TI - Depth perception in strabismus. PMID- 7260026 TI - Spasmus nutans or congenital nystagmus? Classification according to objective criteria. PMID- 7260028 TI - Availability to pigs of amino acids in cereal grains. 2. Apparent and true ileal availability. AB - 1. Pigs prepared with re-entrant ileal cannulas were used to determine the ileal availability of amino acids in nine cereal grains including five wheats, sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.), maize, barley and Triticale. 2. The average true availability of amino acids in these grains was 0.88 but there were consistent differences in availability among amino acids. Generally, lysine and threonine were among the least available amino acids while glutamic acid and arginine were among the most available amino acids in cereal protein. 3. There was much variation in amino acid availability within a grain species (wheat) as among the other grains. PMID- 7260027 TI - Measurement of zinc flux through plasma in normal and endotoxin-stressed pigs and the effects of Zn supplementation during stress. AB - 1. The rates of transport of zinc through plasma have been investigated in normal and endotoxin-stressed pigs. 2.65Zn added to porcine plasma in vitro rapidly equilibrated with the Zn originally present. 3. 65 Zn bound to albumin and injected intravascularly into pigs rapidly equilibrated with two kinetically distinguishable pools. The first of these pools was mainly associated with the plasma but was significantly larger than the plasma volume and substantially so in Zn-deficient pigs. The second pool appeared to represent a summation of the rapidly-exchangeable Zn within the extravascular tissues. 4. In non-stressed animals, the flux of Zn from the plasma of Zn-deficient pigs was only half that in Zn-supplemented animals. 5. Administration of endotoxin reduced the plasma Zn concentration of Zn-supplemented pigs but not of Zn-deficient animals. The fractional turnover rates of Zn were not altered in eight of the two pools following endotoxin. 6. At 10 h after giving endotoxin neither the Zn content of the two pools nor the flux of Zn through them differed significantly between Zn deficient and control pigs. 7. Intravascular infusion of Zn at the rate which essentially prevented the usual depression in plasma Zn concentration following endotoxin failed to alleviate the effects of endotoxin on Zn-supplemented pits. 8. The reduction in plasma Zn concentration following endotoxin stress appears to be a normal physiological response which is not indicative of an increased metabolic requirement for Zn. PMID- 7260030 TI - A possible control of food intake during pregnancy in the rat. AB - 1. Brain hypothalamic concentrations of serotonin and norepinephrine have been implicated in the control of food intake. During pregnancy and lactation a rat dam's food consumption is increased and so a study was performed to ascertain whether this was associated with changes in the hypothalamic content of serotonin and norepinephrine. 2. In the first experiment, forty-eight Sprague Dawley rat dams were given a diet containing 250 g casein/kg adlib. After 2 weeks, eight were killed and their hypothalmic analysed for the previously-mentioned neurotransmitters. The rest were mated and continued on the diet. On each of days 7, 14 and 20 of gestation, day 14 of lactation and 2 weeks after weaning of their pups a further eight dams were killed and their hypothalami assayed as described previously. Food intake was monitored throughout the experimental period. 3. The increase food intake of the dams during gestation and lactation increased to the same extent as elevation in hypothalamic norepinephrine content and depression in serotonin content. After lactation food intake returned to pre-pregnancy levels as did the hypothalamic levels of norepinephrine and serotonin. 4. By using the same experimental design but limiting the increase in food intake in pregnancy and lactation to half the expected amount the same changes were found in hypothalamic norepinephrine and serotonin contents. 5. The possibility of hypothalamic neurotransmitter contents controlling food intake is discussed. PMID- 7260029 TI - The digestion by cattle of grass silage made with formic acid and formic acid formaldehyde. AB - 1. A primary growth crop of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., cv. S23) was partially wilted and ensiled after the application of either formic acid-water (1:3, w/v; 7.11 l/t fresh herbage; control diet C) or formic acid-formaldehyde (1:1, w/w; 8.8 l/t fresh herbage; formaldehyde treated diet F) which supplied 50 g HCHO/kg crude protein (nitrogen (N) x 6.25). The two silages were fed separately and a third diet comprising formaldehyde-treated silage, supplemented with urea (20 g/kg dry matter DM) at the time of feeding was also examined (diet FU). 2. The three diets were fed at a level of 16 g DM/kg live weight to six 3- to six-month-old cattle fitted with rumen and re-entrant duodenal cannulas in two 3 x 3 Latin Square experiments, and measurements were made of the digestion of energy, carbohydrate and N. 3. The formaldehyde-treated silage had a lower content of fermentation acids and ammonia-N, and a higher content of water soluble carbohydrate and total amino acids. The apparent digestibility of organic matter, energy and N were depressed (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01 respectively) by treatment with formaldehyde, but cellulose and neutral-detergent fibre digestibility were unaffected. 4. Within the rumen the digestion of organic matter, cellulose and neutral-detergent fibre were unaffected by formaldehyde treatment or supplementation with urea. Microbial protein synthesis in the rumen was similar for the three diets (average 131 g/kg apparently digested organic matter in the rumen). 5. The application of formic acid-formaldehyde increased (P less than 0.05) the amount of food protein escaping degradation in the rumen (4.76 diet C, 6.89 diet F; 7.07 diet FU g/kg protein intake). The contribution of amino acids of dietary origin at the duodenum increased (P less than 0.05) from 50 (diet C) to 80 (diet F) and 82 (diet FU) g/kg DM intake, and the flow of total amino acids at the duodenum was 33% higher (P less than 0.001) in cattle fed formic acid-formaldehyde silage diets compared with the control silage due to the reduction in degradation of protein at ensiling and in the rumen. PMID- 7260031 TI - Characteristics of the rumen proteolysis of fraction I (18S) leaf protein from lucerne (Medicago sativa L). AB - 1. The rate of proteolysis of fraction I (18S) leaf protein in the rumen of sheep of cattle was affected by diet ans the rate on fresh lucerne (medicago sativa L) was three to nine times the rate on a hay + concentrate diet. 2. Simultaneous rumen fermentations in vivo and in an artificial rumen showed that the rates of proteolysis of fraction I in vitro was approximately 30% of the rates in sheep. 3. Using 14 C uniformly-labelled fraction I protein at low concentrations, proteolysis exhibited 1st-order kinetics. Over a wide range of protein concentrations the velocity v. substrate concentration curve showed Michaelis Menten characteristics typical of an enzyme-catalysed reaction. With rumen fluid from a hay + concentrate-fed sheep the maximum velocity was 2.6 mg protein nitrogen/1 per min and the Michaelis constant was 75 mg nitrogen/l. 4. Rapid absorption of 14C-labelled fraction I protein onto bacterial cells preceded proteolysis. 5. Sucrose-density-gradient analysis showed initial incorporation of 14C from protein into rumen bacteria followed by partial transfer to rumen protozoa. 6. No peptides were detected during proteolysis showing that the rate limiting step occurred during the initial stages of proteolysis. Only small amounts of free amino acids were released except for leucine, isoleucine, valine and ornithine, which showed significantly increased levels. 7. Volatile fatty acids were the main 14C-labelled end products and were rapidly produced in descending concentrations: acetate greater than propionate greater than 3-methyl + 2-methyl butyrate greater than butyrate greater than isobutyrate greater than valerate. PMID- 7260032 TI - An attempt to distinguish between the direct and indirect effects, in the laying domestic fowl, of added dietary copper sulphate. AB - 1. An experiment is reported in which the effects of giving copper sulphate supplemented diets and control unsupplemented pair-fed diets to laying hens were compared. 2. The level of food intake significantly adversely affected mean body weight, egg number, egg weight, liver, kidney, oviduct and ovary weights. Gizzard weight/kg body-weight was significantly increased both with decreasing levels of food intake and increased CuSO4 supplementation. 3. There was evidence of a depressing effect of CuSO4 per se on egg production and possibly on oviduct and ovary weight. 4. Liver lipid concentration was significantly decreased with decreasing levels of food intake and the results also suggest a depressing effect of CuSO4. 5. The Cu concentrations and total contents in liver and kidneys were significantly increased by dietary added CuSO4. Liver and kidney Zn and Fe concentrations were increased with decreasing levels of food intake rather than by CuSO4 addition. PMID- 7260033 TI - Essential fatty acid deficiency and evidence for arachidonate synthesis in the cat. AB - 1. There is controversy regarding the capacity of the cat to convert 18: 2 omega 6 to 20: 4 omega 6 and the ability of the essential fatty acid (EFA)-deficient cat to produce 20: 3 omega 9. 2. This paper reports the isolation and identification of 20: 3 omega 9 from kidney phospholipids of EFA-deficient cats. 3. The results suggest that the cat is capable of limited synthesis of 20: 4 omega 6 using a delta 5- and delta 8-desaturase. PMID- 7260034 TI - Acetate supply and utilization by the tissues of sheep in vivo. AB - 1. The supply and utilisation of acetate has been estimated simultaneously in the whole animal and tissues of sheep using a combination is isotope-dilution and arteriovenous-difference techniques. Animals were made alloxani-diabetic and acetate metabolism was compared when stabilized to normal metabolite levels with insulin (ITA sheep) and when food and insulin had been withdrawn for 36 h (fasted, diabetic sheep). 2. Acetate was simultaneously produced and utilized by all tissues. The exogenous (or gut) supply of acetate was the most important determinant of circulating acetate level. Endogenous acetate was produced mainly in the liver; 77 and 94% in fasted, diabetic and ITA sheep respectively. The production of endogenous acetate remained fairly constant and was not related to ketogenesis, which supports the idea that circulating acetate is largely a produce of fermentation. The liver, gut and muscle utilized 17, 25 and 54% respectively (96% total) of the acetate entry rate in ITA sheep; a similar percentage utilization was found in fasted, diabetic sheep. 3. Acetate is largely oxidized to carbon dioxide in the gut and muscles of sheep and may account for 30 40% of their oxidative metabolism. This figure is similar to that for the whole animal. The total acetate taken up by the liver could account for 30% of the oxygen consumption; however, the liver may not directly oxidize all the utilized acetate. 4. The over-all conclusion from this study is that acetate is largely of dietary origin and the major factor determining its rate of utilization is the arterial concentration. PMID- 7260035 TI - Lanthanide ion luminescence probes. Characterization of metal ion binding sites and intermetal energy transfer distance measurements in calcium-binding proteins. 1. Parvalbumin. AB - Eu(III) laser excitation spectroscopy of the 7F0 leads to 5D0 transition reveals spectral features characteristic of the occupation of the CD and EF Ca(II) binding sites of parvalbumin by Eu(III) ions. In addition, at pH 6.5, a signal attributable to binding at a third site is observed. This feature is abolished upon lowering the pH to 3.8. At pH 6.5, the appearance of this feature correlates with the decrease in luminescence intensity during titrations of parvalbumin with Eu(III) or Tb(III) after more than approximately 1.8 equiv of either of these ions has been added. Eu(III) ions in the primary sites coordinate zero to two H2O molecules while the third site involves about three coordinated H2O molecules. Parvalbumins in which mixed pairs of lanthanide ions, Ln(III), occupy the CD and EF sites were prepared. Nonradiative energy transfer between Eu(III) and Tb(III) acting as luminescent donors and various other Ln(III) ions serving as acceptors was observed by monitoring the excited-state lifetimes of the donor ions using a pulsed dye laser apparatus. With the assumption of a Forster-type dipole--dipole mechanism, inter-binding-site distance estimates were made from our measurements and are in reasonable agreement with the distance (11.8 A) obtained by X-ray crystallography, especially when Eu(III) is the donor. R0 values (critical distances for 50% energy transfer) in H2O solution range from 9.2 A for the Tb(III)--Ho(III) donor-acceptor pair down to 5.7 A for the Eu(III)--Ho(III) pair. PMID- 7260037 TI - Resonance Raman and absorption spectroscopic detection of distal histidine- fluoride interactions in human methemoglobin fluoride and sperm whale metmyoglobin fluoride: measurements of distal histidine ionization constants. AB - The pH dependence of the resonance Raman and absorption spectra of human methemoglobin fluoride (HbIIIF) and sperm whale metmyoglobin fluoride (MbIIIF) has been examined. Both the Raman and absorption spectra of HbIIIF and MbIIIF indicate the existence at alkaline pH of an equilibrium between the hydroxide and fluoride complexes. The absorption maxima of HbIIIF and MbIIIF solutions shift to longer wavelengths as the pH is decreased from neutrality. The Raman data show a corresponding shift of the 461- and 468-cm-1 Fe-F vibrational stretching peaks at pH 7.0 [Asher, S. A., & Schuster, T. M. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 5377] to 399 and 407 cm-1 at acid pH in MbIIIF and HbIIIF, respectively. These shifts are interpreted to result from protonation of the distal histidine and the formation of a hydrogen bond to the fluoride ligand. Measurements of the pH dependence of the absorption and resonance Raman spectra give distal histidine ionization constants (apparent) corresponding to pK = 5.1 (+/- 0.1) for HbIIIF and pK = 5.5 (+/- 0.1) for MbIIIF. An examination of the distal histidine pK values and the frequency of the hydrogen-bonded Fe--F stretching vibration at pH 5.0 of HbIIIF with and without inositol hexaphosphate indicates little difference in the distal histidine--heme distance between the so-called R and T quaternary forms of HbIIIF. These results indicate that the changes in the electronic spectrum of HbIIIF that occur upon switching from the R to the T form do not result from alterations in (1) the iron--fluoride bond distance, (2) the iron out-of-heme plane distance, or (3) the distal histidine--fluoride distance. PMID- 7260036 TI - Lanthanide ion luminescence probes. Characterization of metal ion binding sites and intermetal energy transfer distance measurements in calcium-binding proteins. 2. Thermolysin. AB - Eu(III) laser excitation spectroscopy of the 7F0 leads to 5D0 transition reveals spectral features characteristic of the occupation of Eu(III) ions in the S(1), S(3), and S(4) Ca-(II)-binding sites of thermolysin. Various hybrid Eu(III) thermolysin species were prepared in which the Eu(III) ion resides in the S(1) or S(3) and S(4) or all three Eu(III)-binding sites of the metalloprotein. The Eu(III) ion in the S(1) site coordinates to one H2O molecule while the other two sites coordinate to about three to four H2O molecules. Thermolysin hybrids in which the donor Ln(III) ion occupies S(1) and acceptor Ln(III) ions occupy sites S(3) and S(4) were prepared. Nonradiative energy transfer between Eu(III) and Tb(III) acting as luminescent donors and various other Ln(III) ions serving as acceptors was observed by monitoring the excited-state lifetimes of the donor ions using a pulsed dye laser apparatus. Virtually all energy transfer occurs between sites S(1) and S(4) while less than 1% of the donor's energy is transferred from S(1) to S(3). With the assumption of a Forster-type dipole- dipole mechanism, the experimental inter-binding-site distance estimates between sites S(1) and S(4) are in good agreement with the distance (11.7 A) obtained by X-ray crystallography. R0 values (critical distances for 50% energy transfer) in H2O solution range from 9.3 A for the Tb-(III)--Ho(III) donor--acceptor pair down to 5.3 A for the Eu-(III)--Ho(III) pair. PMID- 7260039 TI - High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the exchangeable resonances of the lac repressor headpiece. AB - The exchangeable hydrogens of the N-terminal 51 amino acid headpiece (HP) of the lac repressor have been examined with high-resolution 1H NMR. Resonances from 35 +/- 3 protons are observable in 2H2O solutions at p2H 4.2. The exchange rates for some of these have been measured over the p2H range 1.5-5. In H2O, resonances from 70 +/- 6 protons are observable at pH 3.2 and 35 +/- 5 protons at pH 7.1. The temperature dependence of the spectrum at neat neutral pH shows the existence of a group of approximately 22 protons particularly slow to exchange. The pH dependence of the spectrum in H2O solution over the range 1-11 is discussed. Results are compared with NMR studies of the nonexchanging protons and CD and IR results. PMID- 7260038 TI - pH dependence of the high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the lac repressor headpiece. AB - The pH dependence of the N-terminal 51 amino acid headpiece (HP) of the lac repressor has been followed by using 1H NMR spectroscopy to monitor the chemical shifts of resolved aromatic and methyl resonances. The NMR evidence reveals the folded HP domain to be stable from pH 1 to 10 at 23 degrees C. All observed resonances shift toward their expected random-coil positions above pH 10, which suggests that a general unfolding occurs. The four tyrosine rings reflect a combination of unfolding and titration in the order 7 greater than 17, 12 greater than 47. This pH-induced unfolding is completely reversible. In addition, strikingly similar pH behavior for selected tyrosine and methyl resonances at acid pH values suggests that clusters of various tyrosine, methyl, and carboxyl side chains exist in the native structure. PMID- 7260040 TI - Efflux of gamma-aminobutyric acid by synaptic plasma membrane vesicles isolated from rat brain. PMID- 7260042 TI - Association of phycoerythrin and phycocyanin: in vitro formation of a functional energy transferring phycobilisome complex of Porphyridium sordidum. AB - Functional in vitro association and dissociation of a phycobiliprotein complex, isolated from phycobilisomes of the red alga Porphyridium sordidum, were studied. The complex contained large bangiophyceaen phycoerythrin and cyanophytan phycocyanin in an equimolar ration and had absorption maxima at 625, 567, and 550 nm and a shoulder at 495 nm. Emission at 655 nm (with excitation at 545 nm) from phycocyanin indicated functional coupling. The complex was stable over a wide buffer concentration range, and, notably, it was maximally stable in low phosphate, less than 0.01 M, unlike the phycobilisomes, which dissociate at this concentration. Its molecular weight was estimated to be ca. 510000, and by electron microscopy it was seen to consist of two units of similar size. The complex in 0.1 M phosphate was separated on a sucrose gradient into a homogeneous phycoerythrin band and a spectrally heterogeneous phycocyanin band. In vitro association of phycoerythrin and phycocyanin resulted in a complex with the same absorbance, emission, sedimentation and molar pigment ratio as those of the native complex. The spectrally heterogeneous phycocyanin fractions from the dissociation gradient varied in the degree of association with phycoerythrin. Phycocyanin fractions absorbing from 622 to 633 nm exhibited high associability (greater than 70%), whereas those with maxima at 617-620 nm had low associability (less than 30%). The presence of a 30000 molecular weight polypeptide accompanied high associability, where it was ca. 2-fold more prominent. It is suggested that this polypeptide is involved in complex formation and could serve either in the stabilization of the conformational state of cyanophytan phycocyanin or as a direct linker between phycobiliproteins. PMID- 7260043 TI - Binding of insulin receptors to lectins: evidence for common carbohydrate determinants on several membrane receptors. PMID- 7260041 TI - Effect of temperature on kinetics and symmetries of the hexose transporter of Novikoff rat hepatoma cells. AB - We have used rapid kinetic techniques to measure the accumulation of radioactively labeled 3-O-methyl-D-glucose to transmembrane equilibrium in Novikoff cell suspensions as a function of temperature. Arrhenius plots of the maximum velocities of isotopic exchange and zero-trans entry were continuous between 6 and 39 degrees C (Ea = 15-19 kcal/mol). Equilibrium exchange and zero trans entry of 3-O-methyl-glucose at six concentrations (1-30 mM) at 16, 27, and 35 degrees C conformed to appropriate integrated rate equations derived for a single transporter. The hexose transporter exhibited directional symmetry, but the loaded carrier moved about 2 times faster than the empty carrier at all three temperatures investigated. Thus, the differential mobilities of loaded and empty carrier are not affected by temperature in this range. The Michaelis--Menten constant for equilibrium exchange increased about 2-fold with increase in temperature between 16 and 35 degrees C. PMID- 7260044 TI - Inactivation of chicken liver fatty acid synthetase by malonyl coenzyme A. Effects of acetyl coenzyme A and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. AB - Chicken liver fatty acid synthetase complex is irreversibly inactivated by one of the substrates, malonyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA has a dual role. At concentrations less than or comparable to those of malonyl-CoA, the rate of inactivation is enhanced, whereas at acetyl-CoA/malonyl-CoA ratios greater than 2, the rte of inactivation is slowed down. NADP+ at low concentrations (25 microM) affords considerable protection against malonyl-CoA mediated inactivation whereas NAD+ even at 1.0 mM concentration has no effect. The inactivation process does not lead to the dissociation of the enzyme complex and is accompanied by subtle conformational changes as measured by circular dichroism measurements. Of all the model partial reactions, decarboxylation of malonyl-CoA and the condensation--CO2 exchange are the only reactions which are not catalyzed by the modified species. The process of inactivation is accompanied by enhanced covalent binding of malonyl groups such that approximately 6 mol of the acyl group is bound per mol of the enzyme at complete inactivation. The available evidence suggests that the inactivation of the enzyme results from the binding of malonyl group(s) at or near the condensing site of the enzyme. PMID- 7260047 TI - Biological activity of an angiotensin II--ferritin conjugate on rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells. AB - Specific binding sites for [Asp1,Ile5]angiotensin II (angiotensin) have been demonstrated in homogenates and subcellular fractions of aortic medial smooth muscle cells, but the localization of the angiotensin receptor responsible for contraction has not been determined [Devynck, M. A., & Meyer, P. (1976) Am. J. Med. 61, 758-767]. To establish the location of this receptor, we have prepared a membrane-impermeable analogue of angiotensin by acylating its N-terminal amino group with the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of succinylated ferritin. This angiotensin-ferritin conjugate possessed the same intrinsic activity as angiotensin but was approximately 200 times less potent in inducing contraction in rabbit aortic strips. The stability of the conjugate was investigated, and approximately 5% of the contractile activity of the angiotensin-ferritin conjugate was attributable to low molecular weight components that were present before or after exposure to aortic strips. The time required for aortic strips to reach a plateau of contraction in response to angiotensin-ferritin was significantly longer than that required by free angiotensin to produce the same level of contraction. With enzymatically dispersed aortic smooth muscle cells, however, the time taken to produce contractions by both angiotensin and angiotensin-ferritin was indistinguishable. [Sar1,-Ala8]angiotensin II, a competitive inhibitor of angiotensin, completely suppressed contractions induced by angiotensin or angiotensin-ferritin in aortic strips or dispersed aortic smooth muscle cells. These results suggest that angiotensin need not directly penetrate the plasma membrane to cause contraction and imply that the angiotensin receptor responsible for initiating contraction of aortic smooth muscle cells is located on the plasma membrane. PMID- 7260046 TI - Uterine progesterone receptor: stabilization and physicochemical alterations produced by sodium molybdate. AB - Incubation of hamster uterine cytosol with millimolar concentrations of sodium molybdate prior to addition of labeled steroid increased recovery of progesterone receptor 2-fold. This stabilizing effect of molybdate was also manifest on gel electrophoresis of the receptor. In the absence of molybdate, no specific [3H]progesterone binding was detectable on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. But, in the presence of 5 mM sodium molybdate, a [3H]progesterone-binding species was clearly evident on the gels. The radioactivity associated with this binding was displaceable by unlabeled progesterone but not by cortisol and depended on the concentration of [3H]progesterone employed, suggesting that this binding species is a progesterone receptor. Molybdate treatment produced a small increase in receptor size on low-salt sucrose gradients (from 6-7 to S to 7.5 S). There was no effect of molybdate of receptor sedimentation in the presence of high salt (0.3 M KCl). Further analysis of this phenomenon by gel filtration suggested that this molybdate-mediated increase in receptor size was due to receptor aggregation. In low-salt buffers, molybdate treatment markedly increased the proportion of receptors contained in large aggregates (Stokes radius greater than 8.0 nm). Again, this effect was abolished in the presence of high salt. In conjunction with receptor stabilization, molybdate prevented binding of uterine progesterone receptor to DNA--cellulose. These findings suggest that sodium molybdate stabilizes the unliganded, unactivated form of the receptor. Moreover, these effects seem to be mediated through a direct interaction of molybdate with the receptor, one which results in receptor aggregation. PMID- 7260049 TI - Correlations between reactivity and structure of some chromophoric acylchymotrypsins by resonance Raman spectroscopy. PMID- 7260045 TI - Kinetic analysis of the malonyl coenzyme A decarboxylation and the condensation reaction of fatty acid synthesis. Application to the study of malonyl coenzyme A inactivated chicken liver fatty acid synthetase. AB - A kinetic analysis of the decarboxylation of malonyl-CoA and the condensation- CO2 exchange reaction of fatty acid synthesis has been carried out. The analysis supported by experimental evidence defines conditions under which the decarboxylation of malonyl-CoA quantitatively reflects the activity for the condensation reaction between enzyme-bound acyl and malonyl groups. NADP+ decreases the release of 14CO2 from radiolabeled malonyl-CoA by lowering the rates of the processes leading to the formation of triacetic acid lactone. For accurate measurements, the enzyme concentration should be less than 200 micrograms/mL, and malonyl-CoA/enzyme ratios should be 200 or less. Short reaction periods (1 min or less) and inclusion of NADP+ (100 microM) enhance the accuracy of measurements. These analyses have been used to explain the mechanism of malonyl-CoA mediated inactivation of chicken liver fatty acid synthetase and are appropriate for determining the functional condensing site of the polyfunctional polypeptide chains comprising the dimeric enzyme. PMID- 7260048 TI - Evidence for two acyl group conformations in some furylacryloyl- and thienylacryloylchymotrypsins: resonance Raman studies of enzyme--substrate intermediates at pH 3.0. AB - Resonance Raman (RR) spectra, obtained by ultraviolet laser excitation, are reported for 10 acylchymoptrypsins at pH 3.0, in which the acyl groups are derivatives of furylacrylic and thienylacrylic acids. Spectra are also shown of the sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDodSO4) denatured acyl enzymes and the acid and ester analogues of the acyl groups. For most of the native acyl enzymes, the RR spectral profiles in the carbonyl stretching region suggest that the acyl groups bound to Ser-195 adopt two conformations, which are characterized by having either strong hydrogen bonds to the carbonyl oxygen or a nonbonding hydrophobic environment about the C==O group. It is also likely that in solution the ester and acid analogues of the acyl group adopt more than one conformation about the acryloyl linkages. Thus, the measured spectral parameters, such as the ethylenic double bond stretching frequency v C==C). For a series of compounds based on a given acyl group a correlation exists between (v C==C) and the measured absorption maximum (lambda max). Possible explanations are given for the observed changes in (v C==C) and (lambda max) when the acyl groups bind to the active site. A band appears near 1260 cm-1 in the RR spectra of some of the native acyl enzymes; it is not observed in the spectra of the NaDodSO4-treated intermediates or in the spectra of any model compounds. PMID- 7260051 TI - Mechanism of inactivation (desensitization) of acetylcholine receptor. Investigations by fast reaction techniques with membrane vesicles. AB - Exposure of the acetylcholine receptor to acetylcholine, or its stable analogue carbamylcholine, inactivates (desensitizes) the receptor. Inactivation of receptor-controlled ion (86Rb+) flux in the presence of different concentrations of carbamylcholine (12.5 microM to 28 mM) was measured in the millisecond to minute time region, using a quench flow technique and membrane vesicles prepared from the electric organ of Electrophorus electricus. Three different kinetic measurements were made to establish the relationship between carbamylcholine concentration and the ion translocation process: (i) the rate of inactivation of the ion translocation process; (ii) the rate of recovery of the inactivated receptor upon removal of carbamylcholine; and (iii) the rate of the ion flux mediated by equilibrium mixtures of active and inactive receptor forms. The kinetics of these three processes follow single-exponential rate laws, and simple analytical expressions for their ligand concentration dependence could be used. Therefore, it was possible to determine the value of the rate constants in a scheme relating the ligand binding steps to ion translocation, and to predict the dependence of these rate constants on carbamylcholine concentration over the 200 fold range investigated. PMID- 7260052 TI - Kinetic and equilibrium studies of concanavalin A activation by calcium ions. PMID- 7260050 TI - Resonance Raman and electronic absorption spectral studies of some beta-(2 furyl)acryloylglyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases. AB - Electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectra, together with rates of arsenolysis, are used to show that the acylated subunits of the rabbit furylacryloylglyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (FA-rabbit enzyme), but not the FA-sturgeon enzyme, exist as a mixed population of at least two forms. One form of the FA-rabbit enzyme has a high rate of arsenolysis, and its near-UV absorption maximum (lambda max) is red shifted on binding NAD+, while the other has a lower rate of arsenolysis, and its absorption spectrum appears to be unaffected by excess NAD+. The FA-sturgeon enzyme exists as a single population that has a high rate of arsenolysis, and its lambda max is red shifted on binding NAD+. This red shift and the concomitant position of v C==C, the band due to the ethylenic double bond stretching vibration in the resonance Raman spectrum, indicate that in the presence of NAD+ the pi electrons of the FA chromophore are polarized, i.e., a permanent dipole has been set up along the long axis of the FA group. It is argued that this does not result in activation of the carbonyl group by setting up polarization (i.e., delta + C--O delta -) within that group alone. A comparison of the vC==C's and lambda max's for a series of FA derivatives of the type (formula, see text) where X = H, N, or O, shows a clear correlation. However, when X = S as, e.g., in thiol esters, this correlation breaks down. This is explained in terms of a possible through-space d pi-p pi overlap between the ethylenic bond pi orbitals and the empty sulfur 3d orbitals. PMID- 7260053 TI - Kinetics of binding of methyl alpha- and beta-D-galactopyranoside to peanut agglutinin: a carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study. AB - The binding kinetics of methyl alpha- and methyl beta-D-galactopyranoside to the anti-T lectin from peanuts were studied by 13C NMR, employing methyl galactopyranosides specifically enriched in 13C at C-1. Association and dissociation rate constants, as well as their activation parameters, are reported. The association rate constants, 4.6 X 10(4) M-1 s-1 for the alpha galactopyranoside and 3.6 X 10(4) M-1 s-1 for the beta-galactopyranoside, are several orders of magnitude below those expected for a diffusion-controlled process. For both anomers, the association rate constant was temperature independent, implying that the association process occurs without a significant activation enthalpy. However, a considerable association activation entropy was found for both ligands. The dissociation rate constants were in the range of 9-46 s-1 within a temperature range of 5-35 degrees C for the alpha-galactopyranoside, and in the range of 9-39 s-1 within a temperature range of 5-25 degrees C for the beta-galactopyranoside. A considerable dissociation activation enthalpy of ca. 10 kcal mol-1 was found for both anomers. A two-step binding model, consistent with the present NMR data and with previous UV and CD spectroscopic data, is presented. PMID- 7260054 TI - Studies of anion binding by transferrin using carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 7260056 TI - A circular dichroism study of undegraded human ceruloplasmin. AB - The CD spectrum of human ceruloplasmin (Cp) has been studied between pH 6.90 and 12.00 in the far-ultraviolet, near-ultraviolet, and visible light regions. The spectrum in the far-ultraviolet region showed that undegraded holo and apo single chain ceruloplasmin and a cleaved ceruloplasmin preparation have a low content of alpha helix but a high content of beta and unordered structure. A conformational transition accompanied by a decrease in beta and an increase in unordered structure occurred at pH 11.10 for intact ceruloplasmin. This transition probably involved the ionization of buried tyrosines, as shown by the increase of a near ultraviolet band at 250 nm. The copper atoms may contribute to the stability of the native structure since the conformational transition occurred at a low pH value (10.50) in the case of apoceruloplasmin. The apo-Cp also presented a more intense CD band at 292 nm, suggesting the presence of tryptophan(s) near the environment of copper(s) in the molecule where no tyrosine residue seems to be involved. The spectrum between 320 and 700 nm of intact and cleaved Cp was resolved into six Gaussian bands which were assigned to type-1 copper atoms. Important changes in only two of these bands upon pH increase (bands III at 541 nm and VII at 322 nm) confirmed the nonequivalence of the two blue coppers in human ceruloplasmin. PMID- 7260055 TI - Elastin biosynthesis in chick embryonic lung tissue. Comparison to chick aortic elastin. PMID- 7260057 TI - Equilibrium studies of ethidium--polynucleotide interactions. AB - We report equilibrium dialysis studies of the binding of ethidium to a variety of double-helical synthetic polynucleotides containing A.U (or T) and I.C base pairs. The results are interpreted in terms of the neighbor exclusion model of drug binding, with allowance both for cooperativity of binding and for a structural switch of the helix to a different form which binds the drug more effectively. Both DNA and the alternating copolymers examined [poly[d(A-T)] and poly[d(I-C)]] showed high affinity (10(4)--10(5) M-1) in 1 M salt. Homopolynucleotides showed a more complicated pattern of affinities: poly(rA).poly(rU), poly(rA).poly(dT), and poly(dA).poly(rU) showed high affinity, whereas poly(dA).poly(dT), poly(rI).poly(rC), and poly(dI).poly(dC) showed low affinity (less than or equal to 10(3) M-1). The neighbor exclusion range was inferred to be two base pairs for DNA or B family helices and three for RNA or A family helices. Generally, polynucleotides showed some cooperativity in their ethidium binding. The data reveal a switch of poly[d(I-C)] to a form able to bind ethidium more effectively. PMID- 7260058 TI - 5-[(Hydroxymethyl)-O-pyrophosphoryl]uracil, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of alpha-putrescinylthymine in deoxyribonucleic acid of bacteriophage phi W-14. AB - In a nonpermissive host, an amber mutant, am 37, of bacteriophage phi W-14 synthesizes deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of considerably greater buoyant density than the DNA synthesized by wild-type phage. The am 37 DNA lacks the hypermodified pyrimidine, alpha-putrescinylthymine (putThy). Instead, it contains a new modified base, 5-[(hydroxymethyl)-O-pyrophosphoryl]uracil (hmPPUra). Extracts of cells infected with wild-type phi W-14 convert the hmPPUra in am 37 DNA to putThy when incubated with putrescine. PMID- 7260059 TI - Primary structure of the phage P22 repressor and its gene c2. AB - The amino acid sequence of the Salmonella phage P2 repressor and the DNA sequence of its gene c2 have been determined. Sequential Edman degradations on intact P22 repressor and repressor peptides generated by proteolytic and chemical cleavages have been overlapped to give approximately 97% of the complete protein sequence. Additionally, the nucleotide sequence of the P22 c2 repressor gene has been determined by DNA sequencing techniques. The DNA sequence and partial protein sequence are collinear and together define the complete amino acid sequence of P22 repressor. The repressor is a single-chain 216 amino acid polypeptide. Basic residues in the sequence tend to be clustered, and residues 9-20 are highly basic, containing five arginyl and three lysyl residues. The carboxyl-terminal 133 amino acids of the c2 repressor are homologous to the carboxyl-terminal sequence of the coliphage lambda cI repressor. The amino-terminal sequences of these two repressors show little similarity. PMID- 7260060 TI - Gel to liquid-crystalline transition temperatures of water dispersions of two pairs of positional isomers of unsaturated mixed-acid phosphatidylcholines. AB - The gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition temperatures of dispersions of mixed-acid sn-1,2-lecithins which contain one unsaturated and one saturated fatty acid have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The temperature for 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (containing no reversed isomer) was -9.3 degrees C while that for 2-oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine (containing 8% of the reversed isomer) was -2.6 degrees C. The temperature for 2-oleoyl-1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (containing 6% of the reversed isomer) was 6.3 degrees C while that for 1-oleoyl-2-stearoyl-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine (containing 18% of the reversed isomer) was 8.6 degrees C. The differences in transition temperatures for the isomers of a pair containing the same two acids were consistent with those observed for positional isomers of saturated mixed-acid lecithins in that the isomer of the pair which had the longer fatty acid in the sn-1 position had the lower temperature. The phase transition temperatures of pairs of isomers containing palmitate and oleate at the sn-1 and -2 positions were different by at least 6.7 degrees C, while those containing stearate and oleate were different by at least 2.3 degrees C. Differences in the chain lengths of the fatty acids at the two positions of the glycerol appear to predominate over differences in the depths of the double bonds in the bilayer in determining the transition temperatures. PMID- 7260061 TI - Thermodynamic and molecular basis for dissimilar cholesterol-solubilizing capacities by micellar solutions of bile salts: cases of sodium chenodeoxycholate and sodium ursodeoxycholate and their glycine and taurine conjugates. AB - The bile salts chenodeoxycholate (CDC) and its 7 beta-hydroxy epimer ursodeoxycholate (UDC) are administered therapeutically (as acids) to dissolve cholesterol gallstones in man. Since their micellarr solutions and those of their physiological conjugates differ strikingly in their capacities to solubilize cholesterol, we studied the interfacial and micellar properties of the epimers by a number of complimentary physical--chemical methods and correlated these with their solubilizing capacities. The critical micella concentrations (cmc) estimated by surface tension, dye titration, and turbidimetry were similar (1-5 mM), varying slightly with the bile salt species, the method employed, NaCl concentration (0-1 M), and temperature (10-50 degrees C). The weight-average aggregation number (number of monomers per micelle, nw) at the cmc, derived from Debye plots of conventional light-scattering data and from the mean hydrodynamic radii of the micelles obtained by quasi-elastic light-scattering spectroscopy, revealed no appreciable differences between the UDC-CDC epimers or between their conjugates. From the mean hydrodynamic radii, the taurine conjugates were found to form larger micelles (nw = 15-17) than the glycine conjugates (nw = 13) which in turn were larger than the free species (n w = 5), respectively. Consistent with previous experimental deductions, free and conjugated CDC micelles grew slightly in size with increases in total lipid concentration, but UDC micelles did not. With solubilization of cholesterol monohydrate, the mean sizes of UDC (13.4 A) and of CDC (13 A) micelles in 10 g/dL solutions did not change appreciably, even as the cholesterol saturation limit was reached. At the air-5 M NaCl (pH 2) interface, the glycine conjugates formed more expanded monomolecular films than the free acid, and both UDC and its glycine conjugate collapsed at surface pressures that were 10-20 mN m-1 lower than the collapse pressures of monolayers of CDC and its glycine conjugate. Similarly, adsorbed monolayers of ionized UDC and its taurine conjugate lowered the surface tension of water approximately 5 mN m-1 less than equimolar concentrations of CDC and its taurine conjugate. By employing high-performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography (HPLC), we measured the relative hydrophilic--hydrophobic properties of the bile salts and found a close correlation between HPLC mobility and cholesterol solubilizing cpacity. Assuming a single cholesterol binding site per micelle, we estimated from the nw values and bile salt/cholesterol saturation ratios that the magnitude of the cholesterol binding constant (K) was 5.7 X 10(6) L/mol for unconjugated CDC and 2.5 X 10(5) L/mol for unconjugated UDC at 30 degrees C. These results suggest that the differences in cholesterol-solubilizing capacities of CDC and UDC and their conjugates are due to subtle differences in micellar structure, resulting from the axial or equatorial orientation of the 7-hydroxyl function and the various conjugating groups... PMID- 7260062 TI - A (carbonmonoxy)heme complex with a weak proximal bond. Molecular stereochemistry of carbonyl(deuteroporphinato)(tetrahydrofuran)iron(II). AB - The synthesis and structural characterization of a six-coordinate (carbonmonoxy)(porphyrin)iron(II), carbonyl(deuteroporphinato)(tetrahydrofuran)iron(II), is described. The choice of tetrahydrofuran as the sixth ligand represents one of the weakest field and weakest binding ligands possible and leads to stronger than usual bonding of CO to the heme. The Fe--C(CO) bond distance is 1.706 A, unusually short. The Fe- O(THF) bond distance in the low-spin complex is 2.127 A. The Fe--C--O and O--Fe- C groups are essentially linear with angles of 178.3 degrees and 177.4 degrees, respectively. The iron atom is displaced out of plane 0.10 A toward the tightly bound CO. The results suggest that the different CO stretching frequencies observed in myoglobin might result from modulating the bonding of the histidine trans to CO. Crystal data are as follows: a = 11.524 (3) A, b = 14.915 (5) A, c = 10.583 (2) A; alpha = 91.51 (2) degrees, beta = 108.99 (2) degrees, gamma = 102.86 (3) degrees; triclinic, space group P1, Z = 2; rho calcd = 1.363 g/cm3, rho obsd = 1.370 g/cm3. PMID- 7260063 TI - Mediated transport of anions in band 3-phospholipid vesicles. AB - Band 3 protein, extracted from human erythrocyte membranes by Triton X-100, was recombined with egg lecithin/cholesterol mixtures to form small unilamellar vesicles at a yield of 15-20%. These systems exhibited sulfate fluxes which were inhibitable by stilbene disulfonates and other inhibitors. Maximal inhibition could only be obtained when inhibitors were present at both membrane surfaces. Inhibitor constants I50 were higher than in the native membrane. Quantitatively, transport function was retained at least 60%, as related to the amount of protein involved. Sulfate transport in the recombinates resembled transport in the native membrane with respect to temperature dependence (Ea = 29-32 kcal/mol), pH dependence between pH 6.5 and 7.8, and the relationship between new and exchanges fluxes. In contrast to the native cell, concentration dependence was linear up to 80 mM sulfate, which may be indicative of a lowered affinity for the substrate. Lactate transport in these systems, although substantial, was insensitive to stilbene disulfonates as well as to mercurials, indicating that band 3 is not involved in the specific monocarboxylate transfer in the erythrocyte. Anion transport in band 3-lipid recombinates was insensitive to cholesterol between 0 and 27 mol%. Treatment with proteases, while not affecting transport per se, abolished sensitivity to stilbene disulfonate inhibitors. These observations indicate a number of disturbances of band 3 after recombination, in spite of a preservation of the major transport properties. PMID- 7260064 TI - Isolation of rhodopsin by the combined action of cardiotoxin and phospholipase A2 on rod outer segment membranes. AB - Freeze-fracture electron microscopy was used to follow morphological changes induced by Naja mossambica mossambica venom VII4 cardiotoxin in rod outer segment membrane preparations. The extent of the morphological changes depend on the purity of the cardiotoxin. Pure cardiotoxin had no detectable effect upon the preparation, but, when contaminated with venom phospholipase A2, led to a rapid disintegration of the membrane vesicles. With trace amounts (up to about 0.5% of the cardiotoxin) of phospholipase A2, the membrane vesicles disintegrated into smooth lamellae and particles in solution. These two components were separated by centrifugation. The pellet, which showed the presence of smooth lamellae and aggregated particles, was composed of unbleached rhodopsin, initial membrane lipids, lysolipids and cardiotoxin. The supernatant, which showed only the presence of dispersed particles, was composed of unbleached rhodopsin, lysolipids and cardiotoxin. With cardiotoxin contained larger amounts of phospholipase A2 (more than 0.5% of the cardiotoxin), membrane vesicles were disintegrated into large aggregates of amorphous material, composed of bleached rhodopsin, initial membrane lipids, lysolipids and cardiotoxin. These results confirm our previous observation on the release of integral membrane proteins from membrane vesicles by the action of cardiotoxin containing traces of phospholipase A2 (Gulik Krzywicki, T., Balerna, M., Vincent, J.P. and Lazdunski, M. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 643, 101-114) and suggest it possible use for isolation and purification of integral membrane proteins. PMID- 7260065 TI - Membrane lipid dynamics and enzymic activity in bovine adrenal cortex microsomes. PMID- 7260066 TI - Cholera toxin induces changes in the ion permeability of intestinal brush border membranes. AB - Cholera toxin can alter the ion permeability of brush border membrane vesicles from rabbit small intestine. This alteration is reflected by differences in membrane potential-stimulated, Na-dependent, D-[3H]glucose transport by these vesicles, as well as by an enhancement in the accumulation of the lipophilic cation [3H]tetraphenylphosphonium in response to an artificially imposed membrane potential. Analogous effects were observed when the intact tissue was treated with the toxin and the vesicles subsequently obtained. An important implication of this finding is that cholera toxin does not need to activate adenylate cyclase to induce permeability changes in the cell membrane since the experiments were carried out in conditions where neither ATP nor cyclic AMP was present. PMID- 7260069 TI - Harmaline distribution in single muscle fibres and the inhibition of sodium efflux. AB - Harmaline, a known inhibitor of the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase in cell membranes, inhibited 50% of the 22Na efflux from barnacle muscle fibres at an extracellular concentration of 2.4 mM. Injected harmaline inhibited 50% of the efflux at an estimated intracellular concentration of about 8 mM . kg-1, assuming complete equilibration with no binding. Total fibre harmaline was measured in separate fibres by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Fibres in 3 mM harmaline saline accumulated harmaline with a half-time of 17 min and a final total fibre concentration of 6-12 mM . kg-1. In harmaline-free saline this accumulated harmaline was lost exponentially with a half-time of 35 min; injected harmaline was lost exponentially from fibres with a half-time of 50 min. It is proposed that harmaline crosses the fibre membrane as the uncharged base and that its apparent accumulation against a concentration gradient is mainly due to intracellular binding with an additional contribution from a transmembrane ph gradient. It is concluded that, in fibres exposed to harmaline saline, the intracellular concentration can reach a sufficiently high value, as judged from the results of the injection experiments, to inhibit Na+ efflux at an interior facing site on the fibre membrane. In contrast, harmaline appears to inhibit the Na+-dependent uptake of L-glutamate at an extracellular site. PMID- 7260068 TI - Analytical characterization and purification of plasma membrane from cultured hepatoma cells (HTC cells). AB - The plasma membrane of the hepatoma cell line, HTC cells, has been characterized and purified by cell fractionation techniques. In the absence of true 5' nucleotidase in HTC cells, alkaline phosphodiesterase I has been used as a marker enzyme, following conclusions gained from differential and isopycnic centrifugation studies (Lopez-Saura, P., Trouet, A. and Tulkens, P. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 543, 430-449). To confirm this localization, HTC cells were exposed to anti-plasma membrane IgG at 4 degrees C and fractionated. Alkaline phosphodiesterase I and IgG showed superimposable distribution patterns in linear sucrose gradients. Alkaline phosphodiesterase I is, however, only poorly resolved from enzyme markers of other organelles, especially NADPH cytochrome c reductase (endoplasmic reticulum) and galactosyltransferase (Golgi complex). Maximal purification from the homogenate is only 13-fold, on a protein basis, even when using a microsomal fraction (67 and 13% of alkaline phosphodiesterase I and protein, respectively) as the starting material. Improved resolution can be obtained after the addition of small quantities of digitonin (equimolar with respect to the cholesterol content). Digitonin increases the buoyant density of alkaline phosphodiesterase I by approx. 0.05 g/cm3, whereas the buoyant densities of galactosyltransferase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase are increased only by 0.03 and 0.015 g/cm3, respectively. Accordingly, a procedure has been designed which yields a fraction containing 22.8% of alkaline phosphodiesterase I with a purification of 21-fold on a protein basis. The content of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and galactosyltransferase is 1.2 and 2.1%, respectively. Electron microscopy shows smooth surface membrane elements and vesicles, with only occasional other recognizable elements. PMID- 7260070 TI - Slow change in the repeat period of multilamellar dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine accompanied by thermal phase transition. AB - The slow change of the repeat period of multilamellar structures accompanied by a thermal phase transition in dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine containing 50% water was measured by a small-angle X-ray diffraction method employing the temperature jump technique. The repeat period immediately after the application of a temperature jump from 25 degrees C (fluid state, L alpha) to 22.5 degrees C (crystalline state, P' beta) was observed to be about 1 A larger than that at the steady state (65.1 A), and was then followed by a decrease to a steady value with a relaxation time of 70 min. The slow decrease in the repeat period seems to be due to the transformation from loosely stacked to closely stacked multilamellar structures, the looseness being caused by the formation of contracted domains in each lamella at an early stage of the phase transition from the fluid to the crystalline state. PMID- 7260067 TI - Compartmental analysis of sulphate transport in Lemna minor L., taking plant growth and sulphate metabolization into consideration. AB - The compartmental analysis of sulphate transport in cells of Lemna plants has been performed, taking into account the growth of the samples and the metabolization of sulphate into organic thiocompounds during the course of the experiment. The results obtained form efflux and influx experiments are fully consistent with one another. Both unidirectional fluxes between the external medium and the cell wall are very large (order of magnitude of 1 MUMOL/h per g fresh weight of plants). All the other unidirectional fluxes, including the flux of sulphate metabolization, are much smaller (from about 10 to 60 nmol/h per g). Over 70% of the total sulphur of the plant corresponds to that incorporated into organic thio compounds, and over 25% to free sulphate in the vacuola. The pool of free sulphate in the cytoplasm is only about 1% of the total sulphur, and the sulphate content of the cell wall (free spaces) is also about 1%. Two remarks of general relevance have been made concerning the influx curves. First, these curves exhibit a long (several hours), quasi-stationary phase after the first few minutes of absorption, though the slope of this straight line does not correspond to the unidirectional flux of sulphate entry through the plasmalemma (from cell wall to cytoplasm). Second, the Lemna plants seem to be sensitive to the effect of "gas shock'. PMID- 7260072 TI - Osmotic fragility and fluidity of erythrocyte membranes from rats raised on an essential fatty acid deficient diet. AB - Erythrocyte membranes from rats raised on a diet with low content of essential fatty acids were studied by osmotic sensitivity tests and spin labeling techniques. This diet induced significant modifications in acylglycerophosphocholine fatty acid composition with regard to 16 : 1, 18 : 1, 18 : 2 (n-6), 20 : 3 (n-9), and 20 : 4 (n-6). No changes in membrane fluidity as monitored by spin label motion were found but the diet caused an increased osmotic sensitivity in essential fatty acid deficient erythrocytes. 50% hemolysis was obtained at a 51.0% dilution of saline with H2O as compared to a 57.0% dilution for the control material. Membrane fluidity was unaffected by gamma irradiation up to 80 krad. PMID- 7260074 TI - Permeability to ions of bovine retinal disk membrane vesicles in the bleached state. AB - The permeability of the bleached disk membrane of retinal rod outer segments to univalent and divalent ions is studied by light scattering. The membranes are isolated from frozen dark-adapted bovine retinae, swollen into spherical vesicles in a hypotonic medium and bleached in dilute suspension and their size is determined by elastic and quasi-elastic light scatterings. Various electrolytes are then added to the suspending medium in order to examine their osmotic activity relative to the vesicles deformation characteristics. By following the deformation behavior of the membrane vesicles by elastic light scattering in terms of the oblate ellipsoidal shell model, the osmotic activity of a given electrolyte is qualitatively deduced and thereby the permeability of the membrane to the electrolyte is ranked in reference to a chosen standard, i.e., sucrose. By this method, we show that the permeabilities to Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ are all alike, and those to halides (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-), nitrate and phosphates (HPO4(2 )/H2PO4-) are similar. Acetate, however, is about 3-times more permeative, while sulfate is less permeative than the other anions by about the same factor. The viability of our method is checked with use of an ionophore, lasolocid (X-537A), by establishing partial recovery from the osmotic deformation through the suppression of the cation osmotic effect. Ion-induced aggregation and pH dependent size and shape changes are both found to be insignificant. PMID- 7260071 TI - The effect of anesthetic charge on anesthetic-phospholipid interactions. AB - Cationic and uncharged forms of a tertiary amine local anesthetic are reported to have different properties and potencies as nerve blocking agents. However, the relative capacities of each form of the local anesthetic to perturb the properties of different model membrane systems is unknown. For this reason we have studied the effects of uncharged lidocaine (high pH) and its quaternary amine analogue (W49091) on the phase transition properties of DMPS, DPPE and DPPC liposomes using high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. We report that neutral lidocaine interacts similarly with all three phospholipids. This interaction results in a decrease in the temperature of the gel leads to liquid crystalline phase transition (Tm), an increase in the enthalpy of the transition (delta H), and a slight decrease in the cooperativity of melting. Quaternary lidocaine (W49091), on the other hand, interacts significantly with only DMPS; the result being again a decrease in the temperature of DMPS melting, an increase in delta H, and a slight decrease in the cooperativity of the phase transition. These results are interpreted to indicate that uncharged lidocaine enters the membrane during the DPPE and DPPC phase transitions. In the case of DMPS, an influx of both charged forms of lidocaine must occur at Tm. These anesthetic fluxes at the lipid's phase transition are suggested to be responsible for the observed elevated enthalpies of the respective transitions. The observation that the cationic form of lidocaine does not significantly modify the behavior of DPPC and DPPE liposomes suggests that these lipids are not important components of the anesthetic's site in nerve membranes. However, the dramatic perturbation of the properties of DMPS by W49091 suggests that phosphatidylserine may comprise part of this inhibitory site. PMID- 7260073 TI - The involvement of the membrane oxidoreduction system in stimulating amino acid uptake in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - The addition of 5 mM ascorbate plus 0.09 mM phenazine methosulfate stimulated 2- to 3-fold the initial rate of 2-aminoisobutyric acid transport into Ehrlich cells. This was observed under the conditions in which glycolysis and mitochondrial electron transport were blocked by iodoacetate and KCN, and the cellular ATP level was maintained below 0.1 mM. Proton conductors, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and SF6847 did not affect the stimulation of 2-aminoisobutyric acid uptake caused by ascorbate plus phenazine methosulfate. Ascorbate was replaced by NADH but not by NADPH, and phenazine methosulfate was the only effective acceptor in stimulating 2-aminoisobutyric acid uptake. The stimulating effect of ascorbate plus phenazine methosulfate was due to an increase in the V value for 2-aminoisobutyric acid but not in the Km value. This effect required the presence of an Na+ gradient and was accompanied by an increase in 22Na+ influx. The molar ratio of 2-aminoisobutyric acid to Na+ uptake enhanced by ascorbate plus phenazine methosulfate was calculated to be 1 : 1. Quinacrine, an inhibitor of NADH oxidoreductase in the plasma membrane, inhibited both the enhanced rate of 2-aminoisobutyric acid and Na+ transport without affecting the basal transport activity. The stimulatory effect of ascorbate plus phenazine methosulfate was also observed with other amino acids, alanine, glycine, proline and cycloleucine which are known to be transported via an Na+ dependent system but not with leucine and threonine. These results suggest that a redox system in the plasma membrane participates in energy coupling for amino acid transport by increasing the rate of cotransport with Na+. PMID- 7260075 TI - Phase behaviour in monolayers and in water dispersions of mixtures of dimannosyl diacylglycerol with phosphatidylglycerol. AB - Mixtures of dimannosyl diacylglycerol, extracted from the membrane of Micrococcus luteus, with synthetic dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol or with samples of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol, extracted from the same bacterium, have been studied. Through a monolayer (pi, delta V) study and from fluorescence polarization data relative to diphenylhexatriene embedded in vesicles of the mixed lipids, it is shown that the glycolipid interacts with the phospholipids. These interactions are independent of the structure and physical state of the phospholipid acyl chains, of the lipid molecular packing and of the nature of the cations (monovalent, bivalent) present in the aqueous phase. No phase separation was detected, either in monolayers or in water dispersions. Furthermore, the data presented demonstrated a marked influence of the glycolipid on the phase behaviour of phosphatidylglycerol, both in the presence of monovalent (Na+, K+) and bivalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) cations. This point is of particular interest with regard to the highly rigid phase this phospholipid is known to assume in the presence of bivalent cations. It is then suggested that the glycolipid could act as a regulator of the membrane fluidity by preventing a too high rigidity of the lipid phase when bivalent cations are present at the membrane surface. PMID- 7260077 TI - Lipid structural order parameters (reciprocal of fluidity) in biomembranes derived from steady-state fluorescence polarization measurements. AB - This paper presents an interpretation of fluorescence polarization measurements in lipid membranes which are labelled with the apolar probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene. The steady-state fluorescence anisotropy, rs, is resolved into a fast decaying or kinetic component, rf, and an infinitely slow decaying or static component, r infinity. The latter contribution, which predominates in biological membranes, is exclusively determined by the degree of molecular packing (order) in the apolar regions of the membrane; r infinity is proportional to the square of the lipid order parameter. An empirical relation between rs and r infinity is presented, which is in agreement with a prediction based on a theory of rotational dynamics in liquid crystals. This relation enabled us to estimate a lipid structural order parameter directly from simple steady-state fluorescence polarization measurements in a variety of isolated biological membranes. It is shown that major factors determining the order parameter in biomembranes are the temperature, the cholesterol and sphingomyelin content and (in a few systems) the membrane intrinsic proteins. PMID- 7260076 TI - Na+-dependent co-transport of alpha-methyl D-glucoside across the mucosal border of rabbit descending colon. AB - (1) The uptake and bidirectional fluxes of 1-alpha-methyl D-glucoside were studied in isolated rabbit colonic mucosa. (2) The uptake of alpha-methyl D glucoside was linear over the first 30 min and reached maximum after 1 h; was a saturable function of sugar concentration and was Na+-dependent. (3) An increase in sugar uptake across the mucosal border and net transepithelial sugar flux across sheets of colon was observed in the presence of 10(-4) M amiloride. (4) Phlorizin (10(-4) M) inhibited sugar uptake into the tissue water and abolished net sugar flux. Amiloride-stimulated sugar uptake was also abolished by 10(-4) M phlorizin. (5) Ouabain (10(-4) M) prevented the effect of amiloride on sugar uptake and inhibited sugar uptake into the tissue. (6) These results corroborate the findings of Henriques de Jesus et al. (Henriques de Jesus, C., Da Gracia Emilio, M. and Santos, M.A. Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 3, 172-173) who found a sugar-dependent increase in short-circuit current in colonic mucosa exposed to amiloride. PMID- 7260078 TI - Activation and deactivation kinetics of Ca transport in inside-out erythrocyte membrane vesicles. AB - The kinetics of active Ca2+ transport in inside-out vesicles of human erythrocyte membranes has been studied. Hemolysate or purified calmodulin increased the apparent affinity of the Ca2+ transport system for Ca2+ and increased the apparent maximum velocity of Ca2+ transport. However, as Ca2+ concentration was increased above 90 microM in the presence of hemolysate or calmodulin, the extent of activation of Ca2+ fluxes decreased. This deactivation was less prominent if the Mg2+ concentration was increased. These results may be explained by postulating that calmodulin has a site which binds either Mg2+ or Ca2+ and if Mg2+ occupies this site calmodulin activates Ca2+ fluxes, while if Ca2+ occupies this site, calmodulin is unable to activate the transport system. PMID- 7260079 TI - The rapid transbilayer movement of thiocholesterol in small unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. AB - Cholesterol is a major component of biological membranes, yet there is very little information concerning its distribution across the membrane. Recent experiments in our laboratory, using cholesterol oxidase, have demonstrated that cholesterol can undergo a rapid transbilayer movement in lecithin-cholesterol vesicles in a half-time of 1 min or less at 37 degrees C. In order to support this conclusion, we have sought other approaches to the measurement of this process. We now report our finding that the transbilayer movement of thiocholesterol in phospholipid vesicles occurs in a half-time of 1 min or less at 20 degrees C. PMID- 7260080 TI - 31p-NMR investigations of phase separation in phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine mixtures. AB - A phase diagram of DPPC-DPPE mixture is constructed by an analysis of the temperature dependence of the anisotropy of chemical shift of the 31P-NMR signals of the individual components. At each temperature the phase state of the individual phospholipids is described. Thus 31P-NMR is more informative than other methods such as ESR, DSC and fluorescence. The measurements confirm the conclusion of other authors that there is a phase separation in the gel state. In the temperature range of the phase transition the molecules are exchanged rapidly between liquid-crystalline and solid regions. In addition to the phase diagram a theoretical approach is applied to estimate the relative distribution of like and unlike molecules in the liquid-crystalline state and a nonrandom distribution is found. PMID- 7260081 TI - Structural properties of a Ca2+-phosphatidic acid complex: small angle X-ray scattering and calorimetric results. AB - The structures of Ca2+ and Cd2+ complexes with dipalmitoyl- and dimyristoylphosphatidic acids have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and small angle X-ray diffraction. The lipids are found to form complexes with Ca2+ which exhibit no thermal phase transitions between temperatures of 25 and 90 degrees C. Transition enthalpies of residual uncomplexed lipid extrapolate to zero near a 1 : 1 lipid to cation ratio indicating a 1 : 1 complex stoichiometry. Ca2+ and Cd2+ complexes appear isomorphous in the X-ray data and show lamellar phases with short repeat distances (51.5 A (5.15 nm) and 58.0 A (5.80 nm) for dimyristoyl and dipalmitoyl homologs, respectively). The data are discussed in terms of structures in which ions bridge phosphates on adjacent bilayers. PMID- 7260082 TI - Hydroxyl ion permeability of lipid bilayer membranes. AB - The OH- permeability of lipid bilayer (egg phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol) membranes was estimated from ionic transference numbers and membrane conductances at high pH. Membranes are slightly cation (Na+) selective over the pH range of 6- 10. However, at pH greater than 11, Na+ and Cl- conductances decrease and OH- conductance increases so that the membrane becomes highly selective to OH-. From the OH- conductance we estimate the OH- permeability coefficient to be 1.8 . 10( 9) cm . s-1. The OH- selectivity of lipid bilayers may contribute to the observed H+/OH- selectivity of some biological membrane at high pH. PMID- 7260083 TI - A model for the effect of lipid oxidation on diphenylhexatriene fluorescence in phospholipid vesicles. AB - We have determined by means of a standard spectrophotometric assay that lipid oxidation occurred at a significant rate in large, multilamellar vesicles containing egg phosphatidylcholine under normal experimental conditions. We have also observed that the fluorescence intensity of the vesicle-associated probe, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, decreased with time in vesicles containing such oxidizing lipids. The spectrophotometric data utilized to monitor lipid oxidation were found to fit an apparent first-order kinetic model. The loss of diphenylhexatriene fluorescence intensity in oxidizing liposomes was analyzed in terms of a first-order event superimposed (and thus presumably dependent) upon the ongoing formation of oxidized lipid. These and other data were used to conclude that the oxidation-induced loss of diphenylhexatriene fluorescence intensity was due to chemical modification of the fluorophore rather than to excited-state quenching or ground-state complex formation. Finally, the loss of fluorescence intensity in oxidizable membranes was found to alter drastically the 'microviscosity' parameter as derived from diphenylhexatriene fluorescence anisotropy and relative intensity measurements. PMID- 7260084 TI - Effects of anesthetics on water permeability and lipid metabolism in Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes. AB - The addition of tetracaine and diethyl ether to Acholeplasma laidlawii at concentrations commonly used for local anesthesia did not affect water permeability over the cell membrane, as measured by a pulsed magnetic field gradient NMR method. However, A. laidlawii changed its membrane lipid composition upon treatment with these anesthetics. Both tetracaine and diethyl ether addition resulted in a decrease in the molar ratio between the major membrane glucolipids, monoglucosyldiacylglycerol and diglucosyldiacylglycerol. The ratio between saturated and unsaturated acyl chains did not change. The results are in accordance with our proposal that A. laidlawii regulates its lipid composition in order to maintain optimal packing stability in the membrane (Wieslander, A., Christiansson, A., Rilfors. L. and Lindblom, G. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 3650- 3655). Introduction of anesthetics into the hydrophobic region of a bilayer is likely to affect the lipid packing. A membrane which contains lipids like monoglucosyldiacylglycerol, which forms a reversed hexagonal phase, will be destabilized unless the amounts of such lipids are reduced. The membrane concentration of anesthetics was estimated to one molecule per 12--15 lipid molecules. The fact that A. laidlawii regulates its lipid composition as a response to these concentrations, despite their negligible effect on water permeability, indicates a high sensitivity of this regulatory system. PMID- 7260085 TI - Structure of the outer mitochondrial membrane: analysis of X-ray diffraction from the plant membrane. AB - X-ray diffraction from centrifugally oriented specimens of plant outer mitochondrial membranes suggests that these membrane contain prominent in-plane subunits. The short lamellar repeat which these specimens display (as low as 5.1 nm) points to a predominantly internal localization of the protein components of these membranes. The simplest model for the putative in-plane subunit consistent with autocorrelation analysis of the normal-indicence diffraction data consists of two concentric rings of electron density with diameters of (approx.) 2 and 4 nm. These rings could represent the planar projections of concentric cylindrical shells, aligned normal to the membrane surface. PMID- 7260087 TI - Rubescenslysin and phallolysin release marker molecules from phospholipid cholesterol liposomes. AB - Multilamellar liposomes were prepared from phospholipid, cholesterol and dicetyl phosphate and marked with potassium chromate or with glucose. They were treated with 0.5--50 haemolytic units (HU)/ml of rubescenslysin from Amanita rubescens or of phallolysin from Amanita phalloides. Rubescenslysin caused a dose-dependent release of marker molecules from phosphatidylcholine and from sphingomyelin liposomes. A statistically significant marker leakage was caused by 0.5--1 HU/ml from liposomes prepared from sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk, and among the synthetic phosphatidylcholines from distearoyl greater than dipalmitoyl greater than dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine. With the lysin concentrations tested, at the best 50% of total markers were released from sphingomyelin liposomes and 75--95% from phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Also phallolysin released marker molecules from phosphatidylcholine liposomes; statistically significant amounts were released by 0.5 HU/ml from egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and from dipalmitoyl congruent to distearoyl greater than dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes; 60--90% of maximum release was achieved at the best. However, liposomes prepared from (bovine) sphingomyelin were resistant to phallolysin; even with 50 HU/ml no leakage of markers was observed. Heat-inactivated rubescenslysin, heat-inactivated phallolysin and human serum albumin failed to release markers. Our results lead to the conclusion that both, rubescenslysin and phallolysin, interact with membrane phospholipids, phallolysin showing a higher degree of specificity. PMID- 7260086 TI - Intrasynaptosomal compartmentation of calcium during depolarization-induced calcium uptake across the plasma membrane. AB - The distribution of Ca2+ between mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial compartments within intact synaptosomes is investigated during the net Ca2+ uptake induced by plasma membrane depolarization. The steady-state synaptosomal Ca2+ content (5.8 +/- 0.3 nmol/mg protein) is increased by 77% by plasma depolarization induced by veratridine plus ouabain (9.7 +/- 0.6 nmol/mg protein) and by 100% by high K+ (50 mM) (11.0 +/- 0.9 nmol/mg protein). Prior abolition of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and hence inhibition of intrasynaptosomal mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation, decreased the steady-state Ca2+ accumulation by 40% in both the control and the veratridine-ouabain depolarization, and by almost 60% in the case of high K+ depolarization. Similar values were obtained for the release of Ca2+ from synaptosomes when the mitochondrial membrane was depolarized after a steady state had been attained. Control experiments demonstrated that contaminating free mitochondria were not responsible for the altered Ca2+ accumulation. That the decrease in the Ca2+ accumulation on mitochondrial depolarization corresponds to the extent of the mitochondrial pool was confirmed by rapid synaptosomal disruption with digitonin which gave values of 2.5 +/- 0.5 nmol/mg protein, 4.4 +/- 0.9 nmol/mg protein and 6.9 nmol/mg protein for control or veratridine/ouabain- and high-[K+]-depolarized synaptosomes, respectively. The lesser contribution of intrasynaptosomal mitochondria during veratridine/ouabain induced depolarization is proposed to be a consequence of raised cytosolic Na+ concentrations activating the mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux pathway. The results demonstrate that intrasynaptosomal mitochondria represent a metabolically responsive Ca2+ pool in situ. PMID- 7260088 TI - Superoxide dismutase within the bovine erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7260089 TI - Charge-induced tilt in ordered-phase phosphatidylglycerol bilayers evidence from X-ray diffraction. AB - X-ray diffraction studies have been performed, as a function of water content, on dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol bilayers, both in the charged state at pH 8.0 and in the protonated state at pH 1.5, using buffers of 1.5 M salt concentration. Measurements were made at 20 degrees C, and the high-angle reflections indicated that the bilayers were in the ordered phase at both pH values. Lamellar diffractions were observed under all conditions studied. THe lamellar repeat reached a limiting value of 62.4 A (6.24 nm) at a water/lipid ratio of 0.24 at pH 8.0, and a limiting value of 67.3 A (6.73 nm) at a water/lipid ratio of 0.22 at pH 1.5. The area per lipid molecule in the plane of the bilayer, deduced from the bilayer thickness and the lipid partial specific volume, is 48 A2 (0.48 nm2) at pH 8.0 and 37 A2 (0.37 nm2) at pH 1.5. The area per molecule in the plane perpendicular to the chain axes, deduced from the X-ray short spacings, is 40.5 A2 (0.405 nm2) at pH 8.0 and 39.2 A2 (0.392 nm2) at pH 1.5. Thus the lipid molecules are tilted by approx. 30 degrees relative to the bilayer normal at pH 8.0, but are essentially untilted at pH 1.5. PMID- 7260090 TI - The development of a radioimmunoassay for the detection of photoproducts in mammalian cell DNA. AB - Antiserum was prepared in rabbits against ultraviolet-irradiated DNA. Using a 125I-labeled protein A binding assay it was shown to be specific for ultraviolet irradiated DNA, binding increasing as a function of logarithmic increase in dose. This antiserum was then used to develop a radioimmunoassay in which the competition between labeled UV-DNA and unlabeled sample DNA for antibody binding sites is monitored. Using this system the specificity of the assay could be changed depending on the nature of the labeled probe. The inability of poly(dA dT) . poly-(dA-dT), as compared with poly(dA) . poly(dT), to act as a competitive inhibitor established that the primary lesion recognized by the antiserum is the thymine dimer. This antigenic response did, however, depend on the presence of at least one nucleotide adjacent to the dimer. The sensitivity of the assay was optimized by using 32P-labeled plasmid DNA as competitive probe and is capable of detecting photodamage in cellular DNA at doses as low as 2.5 J . m-2. PMID- 7260091 TI - Androgen-induced replication of prostate chromatin DNA. Isolation and electron microscopic visualization of replicative intermediates. PMID- 7260092 TI - In vivo DNA degradation in thymocytes of gamma-irradiated or hydrocortisone treated rats. AB - Gamma-irradiation or introduction of hydrocortisone bring about degradation of nuclear DNA in rat thymocytes. The chromatin degradation products were extracted from purified nuclei by 0.7 mM EDTA. The quantity of low molecular weight chromatin fragments formed 6 h after irradiation increases up to the doses of 3 Gy, then remains constant up to 30 Gy and decreases at doses 100 to 300 Gy. Whatever the irradiation dose, DNA degradation starts after a 2-h lag, reaches a maximum by the 6th hour and remains constant between the 6th and 10th hours. The quantity of chromatin fragments formed coincides with the number of cells with pycnotic nuclei. The chromatin fragments present nucleosomes and their oligomers with a normal histone content and an intact structure, as judged from how they are split by DNAase I. The number of intranucleosomal breaks in DNA is negligible. DNA fragmentation is not accompanied by degradation of histones and nonhistone proteins of chromatin. Hence, DNAase I and proteases are not involved in degradation of chromatin. The ratio between mononucleosomes and oligomers of different lengths does not depend on the dose and the time after irradiation. The quantity of DNA degraded is determined by the number of dying cells in which all DNA is fragmented rather than the degree of chromatin degradation over the whole thymocyte population. Hydrocortisone-induced degradation of chromatin in rat thymocytes occurs similarly. A possible role of chromatin degradation in cell death is discussed. PMID- 7260093 TI - The effects of substrate flow-rate on immobilized urease assays. AB - Urease (urea aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.5) has been immobilized on o-alkylated nylon tubes in an enzymatically active form. The measured activity of the enzyme coil has been shown to be dependent on the flow rate of substrate through it. The apparent Km decreased and V increased as flow rates were increased. It is suggested that diffusional control is responsible for these observations. Their implications in flow-through immobilized enzyme analyses are discussed. PMID- 7260094 TI - The analysis of kinetic data for regulatory enzymes as a function of pH. AB - A new method is described for the analysis of kinetic data for regulatory enzymes as a function of pH. The method makes use of the limiting hyperbolae predicted by the exponential model for a regulatory enzyme. The pH dependence of the parameters that describe these hyperbolae can be analysed with the Michaelis pH functions to give the pK values of the enzyme-substrate complex and those of the free enzyme in its limiting conformational states. The procedure is illustrated by application to data for the effect of pH on the kinetic properties of aspartate transcarbamylase (carbamoylphosphate: L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2). PMID- 7260095 TI - Isolation and further characterization of bovine brain hexosaminidase C. AB - Hexosaminidase C (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucoside acetamidodeoxyglucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.30) was partially purified from bovine brain tissue. The resulting preparation, free of its lysosomal counterparts, was used for the characterization of the enzyme and for further purification (lectin affinity chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, substrate-ligand affinity chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, chromatography on activated thiol-Sepharose 4B). Only ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel appeared to improve the purity. The Michaelis constant was 0.46 mM for the substrate 4 methyl-umbelliferyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside. The enzyme was not inhibited by acetate or N-acetylgalactosamine. Inhibition by N acetylglucosamine was competitive, with a Ki value of 8.0 mM. Inhibition by divalent metal ions increased in the order Fe less than Zn less than Cu. Dithiothreitol and beta-mercaptoethanol, at an optimum concentration of about 10 mM, stimulated the activity. The enzyme is apparently not a glycoprotein since it did not bind to various lectins, nor did sialidase change its isoelectric point. PMID- 7260096 TI - [Accelerating effect of heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salts on neutral ester hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (author's transl)]. AB - Some heterocyclic cations (1-methylacridinium, 1-methyl-2 hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium and 1-methyl-3-methoxy-pyridinium) cause acceleration of hydrolysis of alkyl acetates (methyl, ethyl or n-propyl acetate) by acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase EC 3.1.1.7) (Barnett, P. and Rosenberry, T.L. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 7200-7206). In this study, it is shown that (a) other mono- and bisquaternary ligands of pyridinium, quinolinium and benzoquinolinium series accelerate methyl-, ethyl- and n-propyl-acetate hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase, (b) these ligands generally accelerate methyl , and ethyl- and n-propyl-acetate, -propionate and -butyrate, 2-methoxyethyl- and furfuryl-acetate, and ethylene-glycol diacetate hydrolysis by butyrylcholinesterase (acylcholine acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.8). At the present time, the ability to accelerate enzymatic hydrolysis of neutral substrates appears to be restricted to some heterocyclic quaternary ammonium compounds. Acceleration which occurs at physiological ionic strength (T/2 = 0.155) involves ternary enzyme-substrate-ligand complex formation and interaction of ligands with the catalytic anionic subsite. It concerns the step leading to the enzyme substrate complex formation and/or the acylation step of enzymes. Kinetic behaviour analogy of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholin-esterase in the presence of the same ligands suggests that an identical acceleration mechanism arises for both enzymes. PMID- 7260097 TI - Studies on the interaction of Cibacron Blue and Procion Red with dopamine beta monooxygenase. PMID- 7260098 TI - Isolation, purification and some chemical properties of an acid carboxypeptidase from Aspergillus niger var. Macrosporus. AB - Acid carboxypeptidase (peptidyl-L-amino-acid hydrolase, EC 3.4.16.1) was purified to a homogeneous state from the water extracts of Koji cultures of Aspergillus niger var. macrosporus. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to e 136 000 by sedimentation equilibrium method. The denatured specimen of the enzyme exhibited a molecular weight of 60 000 in the sedimentation equilibrium in 6 M guanidinium chloride, suggesting that the native enzyme is composed of two identical subunits. However, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the enzyme showed an anomalous Ferguson plot, which may account for the inconsistent values of apparent molecular weights obtained by this method. The acid carboxypeptidase was found to be an acidic glycoprotein (pI, 4.1), composed of 955 amino acid, 140 mannose, 14 galactose and 30 glucosamine residues/molecule. PMID- 7260099 TI - Affinity chromatography of hepatic glutathione S-transferases on omega-aminoalkyl sepharose derivatives of glutathione. AB - Rat liver glutathione S-transferases (RX: glutathione R-transferase, EC 2.5.1.18) were found to adsorb S-carbamidomethyl glutathione linked to Sepharose CL-4B via lysyl or aliphatic diamine spacers of various carbon chain lengths (-NH-(CH2)n-NH , n = 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10). Proteins were eluted specifically by reduced glutathione. The affinity of the enzymes for the adsorbent increased with increase in the carbon chain length of aliphatic diamine spacers used. Adsorbent having a free carboxyl group within the spacer moiety had high capacity and was specific for glutathione S-transferases. The transferases were specifically eluted from the column in high yield by low concentrations of glutathione. Enzymes purified by the lysyl spacer adsorbent were homogeneous in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and contained most of the hepatic glutathione S-transferase isozymes in isoelectric focusing. Oxidized glutathione and S-methyl glutathione were equally effective as reduced glutathione in eluting glutathione S-transferases from the adsorbent, but gamma glutamylcysteinylglycineamide or gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine-1-methyl ester were not effective. These data suggested that the free carboxyl group of glycyl moiety of glutathione might also be important for the specific binding of the transferases to this adsorbent. PMID- 7260100 TI - Properties of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase inactivating enzymes in rat liver lysosomes. AB - The intralysosomal localization of the enzymes that catalyse inactivation of rat liver fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase, EC 4.1.2.13) to a form with antigenic activity was demonstrated. The inactivating enzymes like all other lysosomal markers tested except acid phosphatase, were readily solubilized by hypotonic shock. The inactivating enzyme activity was inhibited by PMSF, TPCK, TLCK and leupeptin, but not by pepstatin. On partial purification of the inactivating activity from the lysosomal fraction by DEAE-Sephadex (A-50) and Sephadex G-100 column chromatographies, it was copurified with lysosomal carboxypeptidase A and cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1). Studies on its substrate specificity and sensitivity to inhibitors indicated that cathepsin B and carboxypeptidase A are responsible for almost all the aldolase-inactivating activity in the lysosomal fraction. PMID- 7260103 TI - Dexamethasone effects on liver pyruvate kinase. AB - Dexamethasone in the medium perfusing isolated rabbit livers caused a fast-acting and reversible effect on liver pyruvate kinase. The effect was to lower the assayable V activity (units/g tissue) without changing the concentration (nmol/g enzyme protein). In effect, glucocorticoid lowered the specific activity (units/nmol of enzyme) by direct action on liver. The effect on liver pyruvate kinase is mediated by a relatively stable alteration; 30 min after perfusate (with steroid) was replaced by perfusate (without steroid), the effect remained strongly evident. PMID- 7260101 TI - Binding of human pancreatic carboxylic ester hydrolase to lipid interfaces. AB - Human pancreatic carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.1), usually characterized by its activity on water-soluble substrates, is shown to catalyze reactions taking place at a lipid/water interface. The inhibition of tributyrin hydrolysis by 1-alcohols follows the pattern of a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Experiments performed with siliconized glass beads show that human pancreatic carboxylic ester hydrolase is adsorbed on this artificial (or substitute) interface with a dissociation constant for the enzyme-glass beads complex equal to 1.5 . 10(-8) M. The average molecular area at saturation is 4375 A2. Tripropionin hydrolysis is increased by the presence of glass beads. These results are strong arguments in favor of the interfacial activity of pancreatic carboxylic ester hydrolase. The activation of the enzyme bound to the interface is very weak. Bile salts do not prevent the adsorption of carboxylic ester hydrolase on siliconized glass beads and increase strongly the hydrolysis rate of emulsified tributyrin. PMID- 7260102 TI - Catecholamine-induced phosphorylation of cardiac muscle proteins. PMID- 7260104 TI - Acute postnatal regulation of pyruvate carboxylase activity by compartmentation of mitochondrial adenine nucleotides. AB - The total adenine nucleotide content of the mitochondrial matrix increases 3--4 fold within a few hours of birth in rat liver. This provides a mechanism for the acute postnatal regulation of pyruvate carboxylase, which is located in the matrix compartment and which requires ATP as a substrate. The sudden increase in pyruvate carboxylase activity is proposed to account for a rapid 4--5-fold increase in the gluconeogenic rate of the newborn rat. PMID- 7260105 TI - Influence of zinc on iron uptake by monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes and the hepatocellular ferritin. AB - Monolayer cultures of isolated rat hepatocytes on collagen gels were used to study the effect of zinc on (a) 59Fe uptake by the hepatocytes; (b) 59Fe uptake by the hepatocellular ferritin and (c) biosynthesis of ferritin and total proteins. While deposition of iron into the cellular ferritin was inhibited by zinc in a dose-dependent manner, iron uptake by the hepatocytes was inhibited significantly only at high concentrations of zinc. Biosynthesis of total proteins or ferritin was not affected by zinc. Since only a small fraction of the cellular 65Zn was found to be associated with ferritin, it was concluded that zinc was not deposited in ferritin. Intracellular distribution of 59Fe revealed that newly accumulated iron went into an iron pool the size of which could be increased by the presence of zinc. PMID- 7260106 TI - In vitro binding to an in vivo effect on the cytosol and nuclear progesterone receptors of various progestins, and their relationship to synthesis of uteroglobin in rabbit uterus. AB - In vitro binding affinities of various progestins to cytosol and nuclear progesterone receptors of rabbit uterus were determined and correlated with the biological potency of these steroids. In addition, cytosol and nuclear progesterone receptor levels were measured after a 5-day administration of different progestins (0.5 mg/kg daily) with variable biologic activities. The receptor levels were compared with the biological response; the induction of uteroglobin synthesis. Cytosol and nuclear progesterone receptors had identical steroid binding properties (r = 0.98). The correlation between the in vitro binding affinity (cytosol or nuclear) and the in vivo biologic activity of the steroids was good (r = 0.73). After a 5-day treatment with progestins, the nuclear receptor concentration correlated n an inverse manner (r = -0.84) with the uterine fluid uteroglobin concentration. A similar, but slightly weaker correlation (r = -0.81) was also found for the cytosol receptor content and uteroglobin secretion. These data indicate that not only nuclear, but also cytosol progesterone receptor levels decrease in the rabbit uterus during chronic hormone action. Decline in the nuclear progesterone receptor content seemed to occur during treatment with all progestational steroids, while only progestins with high biological potency were capable of decreasing the cytosol receptor content. PMID- 7260107 TI - The determination of N1-acetylspermine in mouse liver. AB - N1-Acetylspermine has been postulated to be an intermediate in the conversion of spermine to spermidine. This compound, together with N1-acetylspermidine has now been detected in the liver of mice which were pretreated with tetrachloromethane. The following methods were used for the identification of N1-acetylspermine: (a) High-pressure liquid-chromatography of the non-derivatized amines on a reversed phase column, using octane sulfonate for ion-pairing. (b) Thin-layer chromatography of the dansyl derivatives. (c) Mass spectrometry of the dansyl derivatives. Both chromatographic methods allowed the quantitative estimation of N1-acetylspermine and N1-acetylspermidine in the liver of tetrachloromethane treated animals. PMID- 7260108 TI - Delivery of liposome membrane-associated sterols through silastic membranes. AB - The transport of sterols incorporated into the lecithin bilayer of small unilamellar liposomes through a model membrane was studied. A two-chamber diffusion cell containing liposomes with incorporated [4-14C)cholesterol or beta [4-14C]sitosterol in the donor chamber and liposomes with unlabeled cholesterol in the receiver chamber was used. The permeability coefficients of the sterols through silastic rubber membranes which served as a model membrane were measured. The permeability for cholesterol incorporated into liposomes in a phosphatidyl choline/cholesterol molar ratio of 1 : 1, produced by sonication for 1 h, and subsequent centrifugation at 100 000 X g for 1 h, was 1.6 . 10(-8) cm sec-1. Dilution of the liposome suspension did not change the permeability coefficient significantly. The permeability coefficient of sitosterol incorporated into liposomes was about 4-times smaller than that of cholesterol. These results suggest that the sterols were delivered to the silastic membrane by the intact liposomes and that free solute was not involved in the transport to the membrane to a significant degree. The large differences in the permeability coefficients between cholesterol and sitosterol indicate that an aqueous interfacial barrier was crossed by the sterol during the delivery to the membrane. PMID- 7260109 TI - Uptake and excretion of polyamines from baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21/C13). The effect of serum on confluent cell cultures. AB - In confluent cultures of BHK-21/C13 cells there was little uptake of exogenous polyamines and only a low level of polyamine biosynthesis. These cultures continuously excreted polyamines into the extracellular medium. Spermidine, in both the free and bound form, was the predominant excretion product, whereas the major intracellular polyamine was spermine implying that excretion of polyamines was specific. Reinitiation of growth by the addition of fresh serum immediately increased the uptake of exogenous putrescine, increased the biosynthesis of polyamines and decreased the excretion of polyamines. Thus, polyamine transport into and out of the cell appears to be regulated by the growth status of that cell. PMID- 7260111 TI - Effects of amino acid analogues on protein degradation in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Analogues and derivatives of six of the amino acids which most effectively inhibit protein degradation in isolated rat hepatocytes (leucine, asparagine, glutamine, histidine, phenylalanine and tryptophan) were investigated to see if they could antagonize or mimic the effect of the parent compound. No antagonists were found. Amino alcohols and amino acid amides tended to inhibit protein degradation strongly, apparently by direct lysosomotropic effect as indicated by their ability to cause lysosomal vacuolation. Amino acid alkyl esters and dipeptides inhibited degradation to approximately the same extent as did their parent amino acids, possibly by being converted to free amino acids intracellularly. Of several leucine analogues tested, four (L-norleucine, L norvaline, D-norleucine and L-allo-isoleucine) were found to be as effective as leucine in inhibiting protein degradation. None of the analogues had any effect on protein synthesis. Since leucine appears to play a unique role as a regulator of bulk autophagy in hepatocytes, the availability of active leucine agonists may help to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms for control of this important process. PMID- 7260110 TI - Induction of porphobilinogen oxygenase and porphobilinogen deaminase in rat blood under conditions of erythropoietic stress. AB - Porphobilinogen is the substrate of two enzymes: porphobilinogen deaminase and porphobilinogen-oxygenase. The first one transforms it into the metabolic precursors of heme and the second diverts it from this metabolic pathway by oxidizing porphobilinogen to 5-oxopyrrolinones. Rat blood is devoid of porphobilinogen-oxygenase under normal conditions while it carries porphobilinogen-deaminase activity. When the rats were submitted to hypoxia (pO2 = 0.42 atm) for 18 days, the activity of porphobilinogen-oxygenase appeared at the tenth day of hypoxia and reached the maximum at the 14-16th day. It decreased to a half after 2 days (half-life of the enzyme) and disappeared after 4 days of return to normal oxygen pressure. Porphobilinogen-deaminase activity increased after the first day of hypoxia, reached a maximum at the 14-16th day and did not decrease to normal values until the 15th day after return to normal oxygen pressure. The activities of both porphobilinogen-oxygenase and porphobilinogen deaminase were induced by administration of erythropoietin. When rats were made anaemic with phenylhydrazine, porphobilinogen-oxygenase activity also appeared in the blood cells. Although the reticulocyte concentration was higher when compared to that obtained under hypoxia, the activities of the oxygenase obtained under both conditions were comparable. Porphobilinogen-deaminase activity was always closely related to the reticulocyte content. The appearance of porphobilinogenase oxygenase under the described erythropoietic conditions was due to a de novo induction of the enzyme, as shown by its inhibition with actinomycin D and cycloheximide. Porphobilinogen-oxygenase as well as porphobilinogen-deaminase were present in the rat bone marrow under normal conditions. Their activities increased in phenylhydrazine treated rats. The properties and kinetics of porphobilinogen-oxygenase from the rat blood and bone marrow were determined and found it differ in several aspects. PMID- 7260112 TI - The hamster adipocyte adenylate cyclase system. I. Regulation of enzyme stimulation and inhibition by manganese and magnesium ions. PMID- 7260113 TI - Identification of an intracellular pathway of thyroxine synthesis by dispersed thyroid cells. AB - This study deals with the identification of the biochemical events involved in the metabolic sequence leading from the synthesis to the release of thyroxine in the dispersed thyroid cell system. (1) Using an experimental model allowing the differentiation between intracellular and extracellular sites of iodination, it is shown that thyroxine is synthesized inside the cells by an iodinating system sensitive to thyrotropin stimulation. (2) The secretion of thyroxine synthesized inside the cells is not mediated by an exocytotic-endocytotic phenomenon. Colchicine, vinblastine, fluoride, propanolol and chlorpromazine, at concentrations equal to or 10--100-times higher than those required to inhibit hormone release in follicular-organized thyroid tissue have no effect on thyrotropin-stimulated thyroxine secretion. (3) The secretion involves the intracellular proteolysis of hormone-containing iodoprotein(s) which, in addition to free thyroxine, generates free mono- and diiodotyrosines. Free thyroxine is released into the incubation medium and iodotyrosines are deiodinated under normal conditions and accumulate in the presence of an inhibitor of iodotyrosine deiodinase: 3,5-dinitrotyrosine. This proteolysis is inhibited by 5 mM chlorpromazine. These data indicate that the complete metabolic sequence leading from the uptake of iodide to the release of free thyroxine into the incubation medium can be described as an 'intracellular metabolic sequence for thyroxine synthesis'. PMID- 7260114 TI - Regulation of urea synthesis. The effect of ammonia on the N-acetylglutamate content of isolated rat liver cells. AB - (1) Incubation of isolated rat liver cells in the presence of lactate and ammonia increases the AcGlu content. The increase is very fast in the first minutes and a steady-state concentration is reached in approx. 10 min after the addition of ammonia. (2) The amount of increase depends on the diet rats were fed before isolation of liver cells. AcGlu is increased 4-fold in hepatocytes from rats fed a carbohydrate-rich diet. If ornithine is simultaneously present with ammonia a further increase is found. (3) Urea synthesis in hepatocytes from rats fed a carbohydrate-rich diet has a marked lag period. The reason for this lag phase is the low initial AcGlu concentration. (4) Increase in AcGlu is closely associated with increase in mitochondrial glutamate content. Thus, it is concluded that the glutamate concentration is the mediator of the ammonia effect. PMID- 7260117 TI - Crystallization of a derivative of a new coenzyme, methoxatin. AB - A new compound, derived from a parent compound to which we have given the trivial name, methoxatin, has been isolated from a methanol-oxidizing bacterium, and crystallized. Its chemical structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. Methoxatin is implicated as a coenzyme in the oxidation of substrate alcohols. This report describes the purification and crystallization of the derivative, acetonyl methoxatin. PMID- 7260118 TI - An H-2 linked difference in the binding of dexamethasone to murine hepatic cytosol receptor. A possible role of endogenous modifier(s). AB - The binding of dexamethasone to its receptor in hepatic cytosol preparations from pregnant mice of four congenic and recombinant strains, C57BL/10, B10.A, B10.A(2R) and B10.A(5R), which have almost identical genetic backgrounds other than the H-2 complex, on day 12 of gestation was analyzed by plotting the binding of ligand against cytosol concentration. The plots of C57BL/10 and B10.A(5R) mice were straight lines, but those of the strains B10.A and B10.A(2R) were upward concave curves. The curvature probably did not result from denaturation of the receptor, as indicated by the time course of the dexamethasone binding and by the fact that at a lower concentration of the ligand, at which the receptor would be less stable, there was less curvature than at a higher concentration of the ligand. The curvature can be explained by the presence of endogenous modifier(s) using an analogy from enzymology. Mathematical analysis, partial removal of the modifier(s) by gel filtration, and mixing of the cytosols from the two types of strains indicated the presence of an unsaturated amount of a modifier(s) in the cytosol of the B10.A and B10.A(2R) strains, and the presence of a saturated amount of the cytosol of the C57BL/10 and B10.A(5R) strains. Thus, the H-2 complex contains a gene(s) which regulates the level of a modifier(s) in hepatic cytosol which affects the binding of glucocorticoid to its hepatic cytosolic receptor. PMID- 7260116 TI - Inhibition of hepatocytic protein degradation by methylaminopurines and inhibitors of protein synthesis. AB - Nutritional control of protein degradation in isolated rat hepatocytes can take place in the absence of protein synthesis. Suppression of degradation by amino acids (step-up) is unaffected and the enhanced degradation seen upon amino acid deprivation (step-down) is only partially inhibited by cycloheximide at a concentration (10(-3) M) which inhibits protein synthesis virtually completely. Protein degradation per se is, however, inhibited by cycloheximide as well as by puromycin, apparently at least in part by mechanisms additional or unrelated to their effect on protein synthesis. Several puromycin analogues (methylaminopurines) are stronger inhibitors of protein degradation than of protein synthesis, most notably puromycin aminonucleoside and 6 dimethylaminopurine riboside (N6,N6-dimethyladenosine). The latter compounds appear to specifically inhibit cellular autophagy, since neither the degradation of endocytosed protein (asialofetuin) nor the extralysosomal (amino acid-, propylamine- and leupeptin-resistant) degradation are affected. PMID- 7260119 TI - Stimulation by phospholipid of calcium-dependent phosphorylation of endogenous proteins from mammalian tissues. AB - The occurrence of endogenous substrate proteins for calcium-dependent protein kinase, augmented by either phospholipid or calmodulin, was examined in extracts of several rat tissues. Pancreas, vas deferens, adrenal and liver were found to contain substrate proteins for phospholipid-sensitive protein kinase. Under the conditions utilized, only vas deferens exhibited substrate proteins for calmodulin-sensitive protein kinase. Phosphorylation of pancreatic substrate protein for phospholipid-sensitive protein kinase was rapid and highly sensitive to Ca2+, being detectable within 15 s following exposure to Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine and at concentrations of Ca2+ as low as 0.5 muM. These findings suggest that phospholipid-sensitive protein kinase system may serve to mediate some effects of Ca2+ in a variety of mammalian cell types. PMID- 7260120 TI - Control of ethanol utilization by rat hepatocytes. AB - Ethanol oxidation by hepatocytes from fasted rats was determined in the presence and absence of 0.2 mM ethyl hydrazinoacetate, a transaminase inhibitor which blocks the malate-aspartate cycle. 20 muM phenazine methosulfate caused the largest increase (nearly 150%) in ethanol utilization. 5 muM norepinephrine caused a 50% increase in ethanol oxidation, and most of this increase was caused by stimulation of the alpha-glycerophosphate shuttle, since it remained in the presence of ethyl hydrazinoacetate. 1 muM glucagon caused a 25% increase in ethanol uptake, and most of this increase was abolished by ethyl hydrazinoacetate, indicating that the malate-aspartate cycle was involved. 25 muM dinitrophenol increased ethanol use by 20% and this increase was nearly unaffected by ethyl hydrazinoacetate. The results indicate that ethanol utilization, under the conditions used, is primarily controlled by the capacity of the shuttle systems, and not by the capacity of the respiratory chain. PMID- 7260121 TI - [Photophysics of complex formations between chlorophyll a and its analogs with pi acceptors]. AB - Efficient quenching of fluorescence was shown to proceed in the complexes of chlorophyll a and its analogs with tetracyanochinodimethane (TCD), 1,3,5 trinitrobenzene (TNB), m-dinitrobenzene (DNB) and n-benzoquinone. In chlorophyll a--TCD and--DNB complexes quenching is characterized by the rate constant approximately greater than 5 x 10(10) s-1, and in chlorophyll a--n-benzoquinone greater approximately than 5 x 10(9) s-1. Possible ways of desactivation of singlet-excited state of chlorophyll a in the complexes with TCD and TNB were analysed. No triplet states of chlorophyll a complexes with TCD and TNB and no cation-radicals were recorded. It is suggested that efficient desactivation of the pigment singlet-excited state may be explained by a reversible phototransfer of the electron. PMID- 7260115 TI - Properties of stearylamine liposomes containing tyrosine phenol-lyase. AB - The activity of tyrosine phenol-lyase, a chemotherapeutic enzyme with a dissociable pyridoxal phosphate cofactor, was studied after incorporation into multilamellar positively charged liposomes. Tyrosine phenol-lyase activity was assessed in the presence and absence of exogenous pyridoxal phosphate. A maximum of 75% total enzyme activity was associated with liposomes when prepared from a molar lipid ratio of egg lecithin, cholesterol, stearylamine (7 : 2 : 1, w/w). The total tyrosine phenol-lyase activity was comprised of 25% membrane-associated enzyme and 50% encapsulated enzyme. Encapsulation increased the stability of the enzyme under the in vitro conditions of cold storage at 4 degrees C for 3 weeks and under elevated temperatures up to 61 degrees C. Liposomal encapsulation afforded little protection against trypsin and no protection against whole mouse plasma in vitro. Heat-treated plasma (100 degrees C for 1 h) had little effect on the activity of free and encapsulated tyrosine phenol-lyase. These results indicated that whole plasma contained a heat-labile factor(s) which destroyed both the liposomal and free tyrosine phenol-lyase activity. Plasma clearance after intraperitoneal injection of tyrosine phenol-lyase in B6D2F1 female mice was retarded by liposomal encapsulation, particularly when the animals were pre treated with empty liposomes; however, only a small proportion of free and liposomal tyrosine phenol-lyase was absorbed. The free enzyme rapidly lost holoenzyme activity after absorption but the liposomes maintained holoenzyme activity. Even though liposomes preserved holo-tyrosine phenol-lyase activity, the holoenzyme was not present in sufficient concentration to sustain a reduced plasma tyrosine level. PMID- 7260122 TI - [Mobility of photo-generated vacuoles in layers of chlorophyll a]. AB - The method of crystalline counter was used for investigating the movement of photogenerated holes in chlorophyll a layers. It has been shown that kinetics of the increase of tension impulses U(t, V) contains two phases: the initial phase of fast increment of impulses for the time (2 divided by 10) x 10(-7) s and the phase of successive slowed down accumulation of the charge. The value of the signal in the initial phase increases almost linearly with t increase. The time of increment of the initial phase ti linearly depends on 1/V, where V--tension applied to the sample. It is concluded from the analysis of these data that the initial phase of the curves U(t, V) is conditioned by the transit of some photogenerated holes up to the rear electrode without their seizure with deep traps within the layer. From the changes of ti mobility of holes is calculated: mu = (1.8--5.0) x 10(-6) M2 . b-1 . s-1. The phase of slow charge accumulation is explained by the seizure of the holes by surface traps and their release after the time t approximately greater than ti. Mean time of holes presence in small traps in the layer volume t congruent to (1--2) x 10(-7) s. is evaluated. PMID- 7260123 TI - [Nucleotide conformation in aqueous solutions by the NMR spectrum lanthanide shift method]. AB - Nucleoside triphosphates, ATP in particular, are investigated by 1H and 31P NMR with lanthanide perchlorate as LSR. The nucleotide base is shown to be near the phosphate groups. Dinucleotides and nucleoside monophosphates are investigated by means of a new LSR--lanthanide complex of pirydoxalidenaspartic acid. NAD+ and its derivatives are shown to exist in folded conformation at high pH values. AMP is shown to undergo conformational change in the pH range between 7 and 8.5. The structure of adduct of new LSR with amino acid is calculated in assumption of unaxial symmetry of the magnetic dipolar interaction. Parameters of the interaction were determined from optical spectra. PMID- 7260124 TI - [Models of polymer structure (Gly-Pro-Hydroxypro)n]. PMID- 7260125 TI - [The inherent fluorescence of thyroglobulin]. AB - Properties of tryptophane and tyrosine fluorescence of intact and iodinated thyroglobulin from normal human thyroid and nodular euthyroid goiter were studied. It has been shown that practically all (95%) tryptophane residues in "normal" thyroglobulin are in the inner regions of the globule. In "pathological" thyroglobulin in the regions inaccessible for water there are located only 68% of trypthophanyls. After iodination only in "pathological" thyroglobulin redistribution of tryptophan residues takes place on the surface and inside the globule. For bovine thyroglobulin shifts of tryptophane fluorescence spectra to the long wave region were observed, as well as a fall of the quantum yield at pH below 5 and above 11, which is in accord with acid and alkaline denaturation. A conformation transition was observed in the pH region 6--7 which is accompanied by a change in the efficiency of excitation energy transfer from tryptophan to iodoamino acids. PMID- 7260126 TI - [Study of the hydrodynamic properties of solutions of T2 phage DNA using a rotation viscosimeter]. AB - Viscosity of DNA solutions of phage T2 at different rate gradients was investigated in relation to ionic strength and solution temperature. Measurements were performed by means of rotation viscosimeter with a magnetic support of the rotor. The slope of gradient relationship was shown to increase with a decrease of ionic strength of DNA solution. A significant temperature relationship of solution viscosity at T less than Tm was observed. A slope of the curves eta sp = f (T) depends on DNA concentration in solution. It was shown that in the presence of Cu+2 or Mg+2 ions at a cyclic change of temperature a small irreversible change of DNA solution viscosity was observed. PMID- 7260127 TI - [Mossbauer effect, conformational mobility and moisture content of proteins]. PMID- 7260128 TI - [Relation between the magnitude of biopolymer denaturation enthalpy and the low temperature heat capacity of macromolecules in the "spiral" and "globular" states]. AB - Thermodynamic values are analysed which characterize helix--coil transition in biopolymers in a wide temperature range. Conformation transition of fibrillar protein collagen is considered. The value delta gamma = integral of delta Cp . dT is determined (where delta Cp = Cp] kl--[Cp] sp is difference of collagen heat capacities in helix and coil states) for hydrated and dehydrated collagens within the temperature range 0 K divided by T dK (denaturation temperature). It is shown that hypothetic denaturation enthalpy of collagen at 0 K (delta H0 = delta Ht- delta gamma, where delta H--denaturation entalpy at the temperature Td) is well above the entalpy value calculated according to collagen models with one and two hydrogen bonds per tripeptide chain. The data point to a substantial contribution of water to stabilization of triple helix of collagen. The approach suggested may be used for checking the validity of Nernst theorem for highly anisotropic polymeric structures of biological origin. PMID- 7260129 TI - [Model of the spatial contribution of histone H3 and H4 polypeptide chains]. PMID- 7260130 TI - [Models of chromatin fibril organization]. AB - Idealized models of chromatin fibers are presented. They are based on the data of nucleosome structure and on the postulate about lengths congruence and rectilinearity of internucleosomal DNA fragments. It has been shown that the majority of models are in the form of spirals with the diameter 30--40 nm consisting of chains of successively located nucleosomes. With some lengths of internucleosomal stretches the spirals are transformed to linear columns with two, three of four rows of nucleosomes. The DNA packing coefficient strongly depends on the shape of the model. The structure of real chromatin fibers is believed to be close to that of compact models. Corrections of the models due to supercoiling of internucleosomal DNA stretches are considered qualitatively. PMID- 7260131 TI - [Lipid hydration: evidence of distant effects on the structure of the aqueous phase]. PMID- 7260132 TI - [Phase transitions in biological membranes and model liquid crystal systems]. PMID- 7260133 TI - [Electrical breakdown of phospholipid vesicle membranes by a diffusion potential]. PMID- 7260134 TI - [Release of calcium ions from native outer segments rods after partial rhodopsin bleaching]. PMID- 7260135 TI - [Nature of the long-wave fluorescence of photosystem I-enriched particles]. AB - Quantum efficient action spectra have been measured of longwave fluorescence of light chloroplast fragments at 20 and -196 degrees C. These spectra were measured as the functional dependence of fluorescence intensity on wave length of exciting light in 630--720 nm range being divided by absorption spectrum. Fluorescence intensity was measured in 8 and 4 nm spectral interval with centres at 730 and 755 nm at room and low temperatures respectively. Three maxima with centres at 650, 680 and 704 nm were revealed in the quantum efficient action spectra. It has been established that the last one resulted from self-absorption of chlorophyll aggregates with longwave fluorescence. It may be that the first maximum was due to high frequency component of multiplet, belonging to self-absorption of longwave chlorophyll aggregates. The shortwave shift of 704 nm maximum and the slight longwave one of 650 nm maximum were found in the quantum efficient action spectra of light chloroplast fragments treated with galactolipase. Good coincidence was revealed between absorption properties of longwave chlorophyll aggregates and those of Photosystem-1 centres, which were measured by other independent methods. It was concluded that longwave fluorescence of light chloroplast fragments belonged to Photosystem-1 centres. PMID- 7260136 TI - [Role of adhesive forces in phagocytosis and cell spreading]. AB - A number of demonstrations have been presented in favour of the hypothesis that the main, if not the only, force providing phagocytosis and secretion of rigid (elastic) particles, as well as cell spreading on the substrate is the force (energy) of adhesive interaction between the cellular membrane and substrate. These processes, if carried out only due to adhesion forces, require the following inequality: Wa greater than 2 gamma, where Wa--the work of adhesion per unit of the contact area, gamma--membrane tension. According to the literary data gamma = 0.03--3 mJ/m2, therefore Wa greater than 0.06--6 mJ/m2. Van-der-Waals interaction between the membranes or the membrane and substrate gives Wa less than 0.1 mJ/cm2. When Wa is of the order of units or even tens of mJ/m2, only intermolecular interactions may arise (hydrogen bonds, ion--ion interaction, etc.) with the energy of about 1 kJ/M and even higher according to the number of bonds per unit of a contact surface. The existence of high Wa values is proved by Phillips (1969) who obtained Wa approximately 10 mJ/m2 for one-day embryo cultures. PMID- 7260137 TI - [Ca2+ localization in muscles with double calcium regulation]. AB - Localization of Ca-accumulating structures was studied in scutal depressor muscles of barnacle (Balanus rostratus) by electron microscopy combined with osmium--pyroantimonate technique. In resting fibers the pyroantimonate precipitate was localized mainly in plasma membranes of the cleft system which can be considered as main calcium store. The precipitate was also located in membranes of sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and I--bonds diffusely. In contracted fibers fixed at the peak of mechanical activity the number of precipitate granules increased in the sarcoplasm and diminished at cleft plasma membranes. In contracted fibres the fine precipitate also appeared along thick filaments at the sites of myosin heads. The latter seems to be the proof of the presence of myosin control in crayfish muscles. PMID- 7260138 TI - [Autoregulated mechanochemical models]. AB - Systems are analysed which consists of connected in parallel or series contractile (reactor-Rc) and elastic (elastic body-EB) parts similar to Kelvin or Maxwell's rheological models and to sarcomeres of the insect flying muscle (IFM) or vertebrate skeletal muscle. The feedback takes place if EB is a deformable sorbent of the mobile activator or inhibitor (effector--E) of the mechanochemical process proceeding in Rc. The condition of oscillative instability of mechanical rest was found for the system of the parallel type. This condition requires that E migration in the system Rc--EB braught about contraction (lengthening) of EB simultaneously with an increase (weakening) of the stretching force on EB from Rc. The oscillation frequency nu satisfies approximate ratio nu approximately less than DL-2 (where D--E diffusion coefficient, L--typical distance between Rc and EB), corresponding to specific frequencies in IFM. An automatic correction of the process in Rc is possible for the system of the serial type in order to increase useful mechanical power. Such a correction is achieved when a series elastic component contracts while absorbing E, if E is the process activator in Rc. PMID- 7260139 TI - [Theoretical volt-ampere input curve of a neuron with NC-dendrites after a uniform shift in clamped potential of the soma]. AB - Dendritic membrane current-voltage curve (CVC) was estimated from motoneuron input CVC. The effect of the clamped potential shifting rate on NC-dendrite input CVC was analyzed. The influence of the membrane negative conductivity upon the input curve hysteresis was calculated. We propose the combined use of hysteresis and nonstationarity features of the negative resistance part of neuron input CVC for crucial experimental solution of ohmic or N-dendrite controversy. PMID- 7260140 TI - [Relation between the number of species in a stationary community and temperature]. PMID- 7260141 TI - [Hydration of nucleic acid bases. Cytosine and its methyl-derivatives]. PMID- 7260142 TI - [Cytochrome P450 inactivation on a cathode]. AB - It was concluded on the grounds of spectrophotometric analysis of cytochrome P450 electrolysis products that cytochrome P450 unlike other hem-containing proteins is not reduced on the cathode. At the potential -1.5V it is reduced simultaneously with the transformation into cytochrome P420. Inactivation in the electric field on the electrode surface is irreversible. When the potential is above -1.4V no inactivation of cytochrome P450 takes place. PMID- 7260143 TI - [Relation between bilayer phospholipid membrane breakdown voltage and temperature]. PMID- 7260144 TI - [Measurement of the elasticity modulus of cylindrical bilayer lipid membranes]. PMID- 7260145 TI - [Potentiodynamic method of studying the reaction between liposomes and bilayer lipid membranes]. AB - Changes of surface potential difference of neutral BLM in the presence of negatively charged liposomes were controlled by means of potentiodynamic method. The liposomes were prepared by sonication of PS-suspension in buffer solution. BLM was formed conventionally from lecithin--decane mixture. Measurements were carried out in buffer solution 2 mM KCL, 5 mM Tris-Cl pH 7.6) at 30 degrees C. It is shown that the liposomes are irreversibly bound to BLM, but do not fuse with it under the conditions investigated. PMID- 7260146 TI - [Fluctuations in the sensory sensitivity of equipment operators]. PMID- 7260147 TI - [Economy of muscle work in an unfused tetanus setup]. AB - For the estimation of the economy of muscle contraction the intramuscular temperature was measured during sustained unfused isometric tetanus of m. flexor digitorum sublimis. Experiments were performed with the local blood arrest. The records of tension were compared with the heat production at the same time. The rate of temperature rise is maximal in phase 2 (the period of largest force oscillations). The economy of muscle contraction in this phase is 1,3--1,7 times lower than at the beginning of the tetanus. The peak of heat production takes place at the 10--15 sec of contraction. After that muscle economy increases progressively and to the 40--50 sec of tetanus reaches the final level, which is in average 3,5 times higher than initial one. PMID- 7260148 TI - [Spectroscopic and photochemical properties of pigments bound to proteins]. AB - Using gel-filtration and spectral-luminescent analysis properties of artificial chlorophyll-protein and chlorine-protein complexes on the basis of human serum albumin (HSA) were analysed. It has been shown that formation of joint complexes pigments - HSA does not induce essential changes in the spectral and energetic parameters of the pigment part of the complex. A change in the rate of photosensitized reduction of methylviologen (sensitizer-pigment) was found during the variation of the relative content of the pigment mixed with HSA. An increase of the photoreaction rate during maximal filling of the protein globule with pigment molecules is explained by different pattern of incorporation of these molecules into protein matrix. PMID- 7260149 TI - [Adenosine triphosphate synthesis induced by ultraviolet irradiation]. AB - Effect of UV-irradiation on non-aqueous solutions of adenine nucleotide mixture of the presence of inorganic phosphate was studied. Solutions of ADP sodium salts containing AMP and ATP admixtures and of inorganic phosphate in DMSO and DMPA and ethylene glycol were illuminated with the lamp dPIII-500. It has been shown that along with nucleotide disintegration and complex formation ATP synthesis takes place, which is evidenced by an increase of relative ATP content in experimental specimens. PMID- 7260150 TI - [Thermodynamic characteristics of nucleic acid complexes with silver ions]. AB - By means of mixing reaction calorimetry the enthalpy of the complexes formation between Ag+ ions and DNA and dsRNA was measured. It was shown that Ag+ ions are able to form two types of complexes (I and II) with dsRNA. Using the method of the competitive reaction with chloride ions the stability constants of complex formation were obtained for dsRNA-Ag+ complexes for different temperatures. These measurements gave the delta H and delta S values for both complexes: delta HI = 74,9 +/- 7,1 kjouls/mol, delta SI = -100.0 +/- 25.0 jouls/mol deg; delta HII = 39,8 +/- 4,2 kjouls/mol, delta SII = +2 +/- 14 jouls/mol deg. The calorimetric results of delta H determination are the same within the limits of experimental errors. The enthalpy term of dsRNA-Ag+ complexes proved to bring the main contribution into the free energy of complex formation. PMID- 7260151 TI - [Theoretical prediction of spatial conformation of histone H2A, H3 and H4 polypeptide chains in octamer structure]. PMID- 7260152 TI - [On DNA compaction in diluted polymeric solutions]. AB - Causes of compactization of double helical molecule of DNA in polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution are considered. The compactization mechanism is shown to be based on the displacement of PEG coil from the initiated globular DNA particle. An efficient virial coefficient of the interaction between DNA monomers through PEG chains is calculated. An efficient theta-point is found from PEG concentration. The experimental relationship between PEG critical concentration responding to the onset of compactization and PEG molecular weight is analysed. The absence of DNA compactization and PEG molecular weight is analysed. The absence of DNA compactization with PEG of low molecular weight is explained. Theoretical works on DNA compactization are reviewed. PMID- 7260154 TI - [Evaluation of kinetic parameters of unpurified enzymic systems, method for measuring the concentration of endogenous substrate]. AB - A universal method is proposed for determining concentration of the endogenous substrate S (notwithstanding its concrete nature) in unpurified enzymic systems, whose behaviour is described by the equation of Michaelis - Menten type. The approach is based on measurement and analysis of the values of apparent Michaelis constant, characterizing the formation kinetics of labelled product from the labelled substrate S added to the system. The method for calculating S is at the same time valid for calculating real values of v, V and Km for the samples of unpurified enzymes, which contain unknown amounts of endogenous substrate. PMID- 7260153 TI - [Self-oscillations in an open biochemical substrate-inhibited reaction interacting with the enzyme-producing system]. AB - An open biochemical reaction with substrate inhibition is analysed under conditions of a continuous turnover of its enzyme maintained by the enzyme producing system (EPS). In this reaction, self-oscillations of a long period may occur in addition to the resonance phenomena found in a simple biochemical reaction with the EPS. A distinctive property of this reaction is also superadaptation with which the total enzyme concentration increases as a square of the substrate influx rate. PMID- 7260156 TI - [Energetic profile of dipole molecules in membranes]. AB - Free energy of the dipole muscle inside the membrane in relation to its orientation and the distance to the membrane border was calculated. Efficient energy describing molecule concentration was found. Water concentration in BLM was evaluated by three methods: according to the membrane permeability to water, according to the data on interface equilibrium, and directly according to the value of calculated free energy. All methods give the value of the order of 10( 3) g/cm3. It has been shown that for the particles with a significant dipole momentum the work of particle transfer from the membrane surface into its depth comprises 3/8 of the complete work of interphase transition (for ions this ratio is 1/2). PMID- 7260155 TI - [Reduction of spin labels with ascorbic acid in solution and on biomembranes]. AB - Dependence of the rate of nitroxyl radical reduction with ascorbic acid upon pH, ionic force, temperature, type of radical and dielectric constant of the solvent is reported. The factors mentioned are essential for interpreting the results obtained for biomembranes. It is shown that under physiological pH the reduction is determined by ascorbic acid monoanion and unprotonated radical interaction. In acid environment the reaction involves more complicated mechanisms. In the presence of microsome membranes the negative radical R5-COO- reduction proceeds in two steps. The first one is in power more fast than in water solution. The membrane influence was insignificant in case of the uncharged R6- = O and [Formula: see text] and radical R6-NH2 which is able to form the cation R6-NH3+. PMID- 7260157 TI - [Effect of phase transition on electric capacitance of plane lipid membranes]. AB - Effect of lipid phase transition on electric capacitance of plane lipid membranes was studied. For this purpose the capacitance of the membranes formed from solutions of saturated synthetic phospholipids in different solvent systems were measured at different temperatures. It was found that the capacitance of the membranes formed from phospholipid solution in dioxane having practically no solvent decreased at phase transition from liquid crystal state to gel. It can be explained by an increased membrane thickness during phase transition due to a change of conformation of phospholipid hydrocarbon chains. At the same time the capacitance of the membranes formed from phospholipid solution in normal hydrocarbons increased at the temperatures below the phase transition one. The latter results agree with the data of other authors. It is explained by the thinning of the membrane at the expense of solvent yield from the membrane phase to microlenses. PMID- 7260159 TI - [Electrostriction of plane lipid membranes and elasticity moduli]. AB - A comparative analysis is given of the data on measuring the deformation of bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) by the optical (reflexometry) and capacity methods with regard to both the electrostatic forces compressing the bilayer and the changes in bilayer tension. The essential difficulties in interpreting (in terms of elastic modulus) the data on electrostriction changes in BLM integral capacity are shown. Based on the optical data it is shown that most "soft" BLM formed from lipid solution in short-chain (below n-decane) alkanes have a cross-section elasticity modulus E no less than 10(-7) Pa even at zero frequency. The elasticity modulus in the membrane plane upon isotropic tension (E) is about two times as much as E. At a voltage jump, the time of establishing a new value of the contact angle theta between the volumic phase (torus) and the bilayer and, respectively, of a new value of bilayer tension does not exceed 0.25 ms. PMID- 7260158 TI - [Interaction of membranes with constant surface charge]. AB - A system of two plane charged bilayers in electrolyte solution is considered. Equilibrium criteria of such system under the effect of van der Waals attractive forces and electrostatic repulsive force were obtained, as well as aggregation criteria (it is assumed that surface charge density on the membrane is constant). Relationships between the membrane inner field, surface potential differences, as well as resulting forces and energies and the distances between the membranes were analysed. PMID- 7260160 TI - [Electroosmotic superstability in living cells. Unified model of the morphologically active membrane cell-unit with electrogenic K+, Na+-transport]. AB - A mathematical model of electroosmotic homeostasis in mammalian cells is developed. The need for the transmembrane ionic heterogeneity follows the requirement of the system's stability under varying conditions. The quantitative stability criterion is proposed, useful for estimating the physiological state of cells in experiment. The membrane growth in the case of stable cell-units promotes the development of surface invaginations into the internal volume. An invasive metastatic growth suggests the loss of stability. PMID- 7260161 TI - [Complex effect of K+ ions and viability inhibitors of tumor cells]. AB - It is shown that NaCN, actinomycin D and sarcolysin damaged EAT cells, and the level of cell damage depended on K+ concentration in the incubation salt solution and the injury agent. With respect to NaCN the cell sensitivity was found to rise to a great extent when the cells were incubated in the presence of 143 mM K+. For actinomycin D and sarcolysin the effect of K+ ions was negligible. PMID- 7260165 TI - [Dependence of the shape of variable electric potential on plant constant electric field]. AB - It is known that tissues, organs and organisms are characterized by electric polarity. There are many hypotheses as to their origin and the role of polarity in vital activity. However the final solution of these problems was not found. We have shown that the potential difference (DEP) measured along the plant surface (extracellular potentials) is directly related to the membrane potential difference across the cells of symplast. The mechanism of the propagation of variable potential similar to the mechanism of the propagated action potential in the excitable tissue was considered earlier. The data concerning the influence of the constant electric field of the plant on the shape and amplitude of the variable potential are presented. PMID- 7260162 TI - [Theoretical analysis of possible construction of biomechanical parameters of energy expenditures in heart muscle]. AB - Proceeding from the data that overall efficiency of the heart muscle under constant level of contraction is estimated by the rate of fibre shortening a total expression for energy losses in the wall of the heart left ventricle is proposed. It is a concrete mathematical expression of modern concepts about the factors responsible for energy consumption by the heart. With certain assumptions the known parameters of energy expenditures are obtained: the index of heart tension (IHT known as "double product" index) and the index of time - tension TTI. More exact fulfillment of IHT is explained by the fact that it assumes certain changes of the heart contraction, while TTI is valid only at its constants level. PMID- 7260166 TI - [Sequence of limited cycles in a model of autooscillating biochemical reactions with substate deposition]. AB - Limited cycles with periods approximately 1 X 2h X T0, l, k + 1 = 1,2, ... (stable and unstable), which are followed smoothly for one of the parameters, form the cascades in a bifurcation diagram. These properties are intrinsic to the whole class of autooscillating systems in which one of the oscillating components is "buffered" by a "reserve substance". PMID- 7260164 TI - [Functional model of stationary signal formation in auditory analysis]. AB - The model for spectrum transformation in the auditory analyser consists of three layers: that of filters whose parameters imitate the masking curves; that of non linear transformers, the non-linearity parameters being chosen in such a way that the calculation results would correspond to the basic regularities of perception of stationary signal loudness; that of lateral inhibition. The weight function parameters of the latter were chosen according to a psychoacoustical experiment. By means of such a model the formant structure of the sound can be distinguished in a synthetic speech-like signal; at low frequencies to 1000 Hz besides formants the first harmonics are distinguished. PMID- 7260167 TI - [Radioactive labeling by means of tritium atomic beam of some antivirus preparations]. AB - Results are presented of 3H-labelling of antivirus preparations amantadine and rimantadine. They show possible application of 3H-amantadine and 3H-rimantadine obtained in virological investigations. PMID- 7260163 TI - [Difference in the content of trace elements in muscles]. AB - By using X-ray fluorescence analysis we have performed a comparative study of the trace elements content of phasic and tonic muscles of scallops. The phasic (yellow) muscles were found to be richer in Fe and Cu and more deficient in Zn, Br, and Sr, as compared with the tonic (white) muscles. No appreciable difference in the Rb content was revealed. An analysis of the results obtained allows one to outline a classification of Fe, Cu, Zn, Br and Sr according to their properties which are connected with various homeostatic requirements of the muscles with regard to the trace elements. PMID- 7260168 TI - [Blood plasma lipoproteins microviscosity and risk of ischemic heart disease]. AB - Lipid domain microviscosity of human lipoproteins was investigated by means of pyrene eximerization measurements. In the case of hyperalphalipoproteinemias - antirisk factor of ischemic heart disease - the microviscosity of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) decreases, and the microviscosity of high density lipoproteins increases; low density lipoproteins have a tendency to decrease the microviscosity. The VLDL microviscosity was found to decrease in a good correlation with the cholesterol loss in the lipoproteins. At the same time the quantity of plasma triglycerides increases. As VLDL have a greater part of plasma triglycerides it is suggested that with a decrease of VLDL microviscosity lipolysis of VLDL triglycerides increases. PMID- 7260169 TI - [Mechanism of biological action of UV-irradiated blood]. AB - It has been found that under UV-irradiation of the blood serum at 77 K free radicals are formed as a result of photodestruction of protein molecules. The protein molecule fragments play a role of antigens which during the transfusion of blood (blood serum) initiate immune reactions bringing about polyimmunization of human organism. PMID- 7260170 TI - [Ultrasonic effects on biological structures]. AB - Several important generalizations can be made concerning the interaction of cavitation ultrasound and biological structures including cellular and molecular phenomena. Physicochemical modifications of nucleic acid bases are independent on whether the bases are individually in sonicated solution or they are incorporated within DNA molecule. The ultrasonic effects involving cavitation phenomena obey pseudomonomolecular (first-order) kinetics, as a function of the amplitude of the acoustic parameter and time of exposure. PMID- 7260171 TI - [Photochemical transformations of bacteriorhodopsin]. AB - Results of experimental studies of bacteriorhodopsin photochemical transformations of purple membranes at low temperatures are presented. A scheme of reactions of light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin is proposed, some regularities of its phototransformations are considered. Relationships between quantum yields of direct and reverse photoreactions and absorption spectra of the states initiated during phototransformations of the pigment are determined. Proceeding from spectroscopic data the mechanisms of photochemical processes in bacteriorhodopsin are discussed. The author's and literature data point to the participation of retinal structural changes, of alterations in retinal interactions with opsin and of proton in bacteriorhodopsin photoreactions. PMID- 7260172 TI - Effect of ammonium ions on the aerobic glycolysis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - The effect of ammonium ions on aerobic glycolysis has been studied in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The inhibition of respiration caused by 5-25 mM glucose, fructose or mannose is increased by the presence of 0.5-20 mM NH4+. Under these conditions, more glucose is used and a crossover analysis of intermediate metabolites of glycolysis indicates an increase in the glycolytic flux. In spite of the stimulation of glycolysis, the production of lactate decreases in the presence of ammonium ions, although the concentration of free alanine (glutamate and aspartate) is increased. Ammonium ions enhance the oxidation of cytochromes c and a caused by glucose, and decrease the adenine nucleotide pool and the ATP/ADP ratio. These effects of ammonium ions are observed when glucose is present in the incubation medium, and do not occur when only ammonium salts were supplied to the cells metabolizing endogenous substrates. PMID- 7260173 TI - Redistribution of apolipoproteins C removed from human very low density lipoprotein during in vitro lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase. AB - In order to localize the labelled apolipoproteins C removed from Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) during lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase, we used human VLDL labelled with 125I-labelled apolipoproteins C and employed density gradient ultracentrifugation to analyze lipolytic products. Triacylglycerol hydrolysis occurs when albumin is present even in the absence of serum or High Density Lipoproteins (HDL). In this case, apolipoproteins C were found to be located in several fractions, in different density regions. When either HDL or serum were present in the incubation medium, the removed apolipoproteins C were recovered in only one main fraction in the high density region (1.10 g/ml). Incubations in the presence of either HDL2 or HDL3 gave quite similar results. PMID- 7260174 TI - Isolation and characterization of proteoglycans from pig arterial wall. PMID- 7260175 TI - Effect of whole-body gamma irradiation on lipid peroxidation in rat tissues. AB - In this work, we studied the influence of whole-body gamma irradiation (800 rads) upon malonaldehyde (MDA) content in plasma, erythrocyte, brain, heart, lung, kidney, spleen, liver, thymus and bone marrow. MDA levels were increased in all studied samples, except lung; the highest increases were observed in the most radiosensitive organs (bone marrow, thymus, spleen) and not in those continuously exposed to high concentrations of molecular oxygen (lungs, erythrocytes). Comparison of the variations of MDA levels in plasma, kidneys and spleen to those in the other tissues lead to the hypothesis that MDA is released from tissues in plasma and trapped from plasma in kidney and spleen. The variations in plasma and erythrocyte were found not to be related to each other. PMID- 7260176 TI - An interpretation of the binding of ethidium bromide to the core nucleosome, based on Monte Carlo calculations. AB - We propose a model of ethidium binding to the nucleosome core particle. Ligand molecules are assumed to intercalate between the base pairs of the DNA core particle. The DNA is assumed to be divided into a finite number of segments. In the native core particle, one segment only is accessible to ethidium. The other DNA segments become progressively accessible when the binding ratio is increased. The binding isotherm resulting from such a model has been determined by a Monte Carlo method. The computed Scatchard plot exhibits the shape characteristic of a cooperative process. By fitting this curve with the experimental data of Erard et al. [1] one finds that 130 over the 140 DNA base pairs are accessible to the ethidium binding. The full accessibility of these sites is obtained when 8 or 9 ethidium at least are already bound to the core particle. PMID- 7260177 TI - Ongoing assessment: experience of a university biofeedback clinic. AB - The purpose of this paper is to assess the Georgetown University Family Center Biofeedback Clinic in its first 2 years of operation. The clinic used Budzynski's and Stoyva's training routines as well as family systems theory. Details of the treatment methods and the patients seen are described, along with an ongoing procedure developed to assess results. Preliminary results on 93 patients show that 80% report symptom improvement. Self-report of improvement is associated with decreases in frontal EMG levels and with changes in life-style. PMID- 7260179 TI - Glass beads, the body-mind problem, and biofeedback. PMID- 7260178 TI - Performance characteristics of conditioned blood pressure elevations in the baboon. AB - Operant conditioning of diastolic blood pressure elevation was accomplished in six baboons (Papio sp.) by a procedure using food delivery when diastolic pressure was maintained above a prespecified level, and shock delivery when diastolic pressure remained below that level. Data from steady-state performance indicated a rise in diastolic pressure by a median 22 mm Hg when the daily session was begun. Elevated levels of diastolic blood pressure and low shock frequencies were maintained throughout the 12-hour session. The frequency and duration of shifts in diastolic pressure to below criterion level were found to be variable during the first 1-2 hours but were stable throughout the remainder of the session. Heart rate had a phasic temporal pattern over the 12-hour session, characterized for most subjects by a rate increase at session onset followed by a rate decrease. Analysis of individual performance records showed that the blood pressure increases could occur without concomitant elevations in heart rate. PMID- 7260180 TI - Effects of discrete visual feedback on the electrodermal control of a stressful situation. AB - Two groups of human volunteers received three sessions of discriminated avoidance and punishment with the skin resistance response (SRR) as the operant. During each session one group (feedback) received three 6-8-min periods of Sidman avoidance of a 1.5-mA shock (R-S = 40 sec, S-S = 35 sec) mixed with three periods of punishment with a 20-sec time-out after each period. The avoidance and punishment periods were signaled by red and green lights, and a circle appeared superimposed on the discriminative stimuli for the duration of a criterion response. A second group (no feedback) received the same conditions as the feedback group except that no circle appeared. Instructions to the subject were not informative regarding experimental events. Subjects made significantly more SRR's during avoidance, a contingency in which responding prevented shock, than during punishment, a contingency in which responding produced shock. A reliable four-way interaction suggested that the feedback stimulus curtailed a tendency for avoidance response rate to diminish within and between experimental sessions. The data are considered as evidence for electrodermal (autonomic) control of two different stressful situations, and the potential value of the paradigm for establishing tonic autonomic arousal and suppression is considered. PMID- 7260182 TI - A comparison of frontal EMG biofeedback and neck EMG biofeedback in the treatment of muscle-contraction headache. AB - EMG biofeedback from the frontal area (FFB) was compared to EMG biofeedback from the neck (NFB) in the treatment of chronic muscle-contraction headache. Both treatment groups (N = 10) evidenced significant decreases in reported headache activity, with the NFB group also significantly reducing medication consumption. An analysis of EMG changes suggested that subjects were able to produce large within-session changes in EMG activity during initial sessions, with the major effect of additional training being an increase in speed with which these changes occurred. In neither group, however, did changes in EMG activity correspond closely to changes in reported headache activity. PMID- 7260183 TI - Expectancies of reinforcement control in biofeedback and cognitive performance. AB - This study investigated the effects of expectancies concerning the controllability of outcomes in a biofeedback task. Forty-eight college undergraduates were subjects. Frontal (forehead) electromyographic (EMG) responses were measured during baseline (no treatment), pretreatment, and test sessions. During pretreatment, subjects were assigned to one of three groups. Using a fictitious blood vessel control task, the success group received false feedback and instructions that conveyed that outcomes had been successfully controlled. The failure group received feedback and instructions that conveyed that outcomes had not been controlled. A control group was given no specific task. During the subsequent test stage, all subjects were asked to reduce frontal muscle tension levels through relaxation while assisted with true EMG feedback. Relative to the success and control groups. EMG levels of the failure group reflected more rapid acquisition of frontal muscle relaxation. However, performance on a cognitive task was not affected by the pretreatment. It was concluded that expectancies generated during the false feedback pretreatment were related to later biofeedback performance. The results were discussed in terms of concepts of locus of control and theories of learned helplessness and reactance. PMID- 7260181 TI - Biofeedback regulation of temporal EEG alpha asymmetries. AB - Integrated EEG alpha was recorded from T3 and T4. Larger R alpha/L alpha ratios were defined as right asymmetry, relatively smaller ratios as left asymmetry. In different phases of the study, participants attempted to identify the presence of the EEG asymmetries and to produce the EEG asymmetries during auditory biofeedback, and were tested on hemisphere-specialized cognitive tasks while attempting to produce the EEG asymmetries. Experiential descriptions of the EEG asymmetries were obtained throughout using a set of bipolar scales. Some participants were able to identify the presence of the EEG asymmetries (p less than .05). As a group there was numerically small but significant (p less than .05) biofeedback control of the EEG asymmetries, but no improvement across sessions of training. There were marked individual differences in the ability to control the EEG asymmetries and in L alpha and R alpha during control. During baselines L alpha and R alpha were strongly positively correlated across time. Experiential descriptions were not consistent across participants. Effects of EEG asymmetries on performance of hemisphere-specialized tasks were demonstrated for one participant. PMID- 7260184 TI - Cognitive skills training versus EMG biofeedback in the treatment of tension headaches. AB - In an effort to study the role of cognitive skills training in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders, two single-case design experiments were conducted to assess the relative effectiveness of biofeedback procedures and cognitive coping techniques in the alleviation of tension headaches. For both subjects, biofeedback training influenced mean frontalis EMG levels, although such changes were not associated with concomitant reductions in headache activity. It was the presence or absence of cognitive skills training, however, that determined whether each subject reported changes in headache levels. These results suggest that a more efficient treatment approach for tension headaches would involve an increased emphasis on the modification of maladaptive cognitive activity. The present findings support the general view that a comprehensive approach in the treatment of stress-related disorders requires a concomitant focus on the cognitive, behavioral, and affective dimensions of the symptom. It was also suggested that biofeedback technology may be a useful tool for studying the physiological consequences of particular cognitive processes and in identifying particular cognitions with anxiety-provoking properties. PMID- 7260185 TI - The role of biofeedback in the operant modification of human heart rate. AB - The recent literature on the role played by biofeedback in the modification of human heart rate is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on research pertinent to the issue of whether biofeedback is more productively conceived as a reinforcer of an operant response or as a source of information enabling the development of a voluntary motor skill. Criticisms of the operant paradigm are answered, and limitations of the motor skills analogy are discussed. It is concluded that the operant conditioning paradigm best accounts for most available data on the role of biofeedback in heart rate control, and that it is superior to the motor skills model because it is more parsimonious and makes fewer untestable assumptions. PMID- 7260186 TI - A simple EMG--reward system for biofeedback training of children. AB - An automated reward system to be used with standard electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback instrumentation is described. The on-line reward system, when coupled with standard biofeedback instrumentation and procedures, constitutes instrumental conditioning. In addition to describing the EMG--reward interface circuitry, a study demonstrating the efficacy of the instrumental conditioning approach with cerebral-palsied children is presented. PMID- 7260187 TI - Biofeedback and self-regulation in the treatment of diffuse esophageal spasm: a single-case study. AB - Diffuse esophageal spasm is an uncommon esophageal motor disorder characterized clinically by chest pain and difficulty swallowing. A case is described in which failure of conventional medical treatment in the face of continued weight loss led to consideration for surgery. The need for surgery was obviated by the successful application of relaxation training, which resulted in a significant reduction in painful esophageal spasms, weight gain, and an improvement in psychological state; there was, however, no change in the underlying esophageal motor disorder. The use of a second coping strategy--double swallowing--had an additional beneficial effect, and clinical improvements were maintained and increased at 6-month follow-up. The rationale and the effects of this method at the physiological level are described. It is suggested that double swallowing is a promising new approach to helping patients cope with disordered esophageal motility and that its more general applicability warrants further study. PMID- 7260189 TI - Biofeedback Certification Institute of America: blueprint knowledge statements. PMID- 7260188 TI - Voluntary control of sexual responding in men and women: implications for the etiology and treatment of sexual dysfunctions. AB - Recent psychophysiological investigations have shown that biofeedback and operant conditioning procedures are associated with changes in genital vasomotor activity in men and women. Although the exact role played by biofeedback or operant contingencies in the establishment of genital vasomotor control has not been conclusively established, some degree of voluntary control has been reliably demonstrated over a response that is traditionally viewed as an involuntary component of the human sexual response cycle. The present article critically reviews the experimental literature pertinent to the issue of voluntary self control of sexual responding and makes recommendations concerning future research. The implications of this literature for traditional etiological theories and treatment approaches for sexual dysfunctions are discussed. The potential of biofeedback and operant techniques for shaping genital responses, increasing discriminability, enhancing body awareness, and facilitating cognitive labeling of genital sensations are discussed as they relate to the stated goals of sex therapy. PMID- 7260190 TI - The relevance of experimental studies to clinical applications of biofeedback. AB - In support of the proposition that a lack of basic research on the processes of biofeedback restricts the development of effective practical applications, this paper deals with some of the basic interconnections between theoretical issues and clinical practice and presents illustrations of a few issues that have actually been investigated. Regarding the issue of the nature and form of the feedback, studies have shown that reinforcing feedback appears to be more effective than merely informative feedback, and that the choice from among digital, binary, or analog feedback arrangements should be based upon functional properties of the neural control system that underlies the physiological process to be modified. For example, analog feedback may not be optimal if the underlying control system actually functions digitally. Regarding the issue of specific versus diffuse effects of biofeedback, the evidence reviewed suggests that biofeedback's direct effects tend to be more specific than generalized. Those generalized changes that have been obtained are probably indirect or secondary, rather than direct. The paper concludes that the balance of basic and applied work in biofeedback must be shifted toward the more fundamental in order to provide a better basis for practical application. Otherwise, the promise of biofeedback will continue to exceed its actual success. PMID- 7260191 TI - [Reactivity of the LM4 form of cytochrome P-450 from rabbit liver microsomes]. AB - Aniline oxidation and oxidative dimethylaniline demethylation with participation of the LM4 form of cytochrome P-450 from rabbit liver microsomes were studied under different conditions: e. g. after incorporation of LM4 form into microsomes of phenobarbital- and 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rabbits and after incorporation of this hemoprotein into liposomes in hydroperoxide-dependent reactions. The results obtained suggest that the LM4 form of cytochrome P-450 is catalytically inactive during aniline oxidation and dimethylaniline demethylation in both cases. The absence of catalytic activity of the LM4 form of cytochrome P 450 is due to the structural peculiarities of the active site of this hemoprotein rather than to its environment. PMID- 7260192 TI - [Synthesis of protein, RNA and DNA and alkylation of macromolecules in the cells of sensitive and resistant strains of ascites hepatoma 22a induced by N-methyl-N nitrosourea]. AB - It was shown that both in vivo and in cell suspension cultures of N-methyl-N nitrosourea (MNM)-sensitive and resistant strains of hepatoma 22a the alkylation of macromolecules by [14C]MNM and radioactivity in the acid-soluble cell fraction and ascite fluid at different time intervals after the label injection are practically the same. The synthesis of protein, RNA and DNA in the resistant strain cells is either not impaired at all or is rapidly restored after MNM injection in vivo. The mechanism of resistance is discussed in terms of cell ability to restore DNA damage and of the lack of cell sensitivity to target cell damage due to alkylation. PMID- 7260193 TI - [Isolation and characterization of antibodies against chromatin and non-histone proteins from rat thymocytes]. AB - The antisera of rabbits immunized with chromatin and non-histone proteins (NHP) were compared to natural antibodies against chromatin. It was shown that in indirect immunofluorescence and complement fixation assay the immune and control sera interact with chromatin at close dilutions. The IgG purified from the immune sera which do not bind to DEAE-cellulose interact with chromatin at concentrations that are 10-20 times less than that of the corresponding fraction of IgG from intact rabbit serum. The same correlation was observed for the Fab fragments obtained from immune and control sera IgG. The IgG prepared from the sera of immunized and intact rabbits and eluted from a DEAE-cellulose column with approximately 0.15 M Na-phosphate buffer interact with chromatin at approximately equal concentrations. All the sera tested and the IgG prepared from them interact with NHP but not with DNA and histones, the antibody spectra of immune and control sera being different. It may thus be concluded that intact rabbit sera contain natural antibodies against NHP. Immunization by chromatin or NHP results in generation of antibodies against other fractions of NHP. PMID- 7260194 TI - [Conformational changes during proteinase inhibitor proteins interaction with chymotrypsin]. AB - Using CD-spectroscopy and fluorescent probe technique, the formation of complexes of chymotrypsin with two highly efficient protein inhibitors of plant origin, e. g. inhibitors from pea seeds and potato tubers, was studied. The CD spectra recorded during the formation of the enzyme--potato tuber inhibitor complexes suggest that the inhibitor molecule. This is correlated with the data on fluorescence of ANS coupled to the inhibitor and to the inhibitor--chymotrypsin complex. In case of the pea seed inhibitor the changes in the CD spectra during the complex formation can result from the changes in the environment of the disulfide bonds in the protein--inhibitor molecule. PMID- 7260195 TI - [Control of proton transport across the double electrical layers of mitochondrial membranes]. AB - The effects of cardiolipin, dodecylsulfate anion and K+ on inhibition of respiration of intact and briefly frozen mitochondria by electrophylic compounds, e. g. beta-haloidalkylamines-p-(N,N-di-2-chlorethylamino)phenylacetic (I) and- phenylbutyric (II) acids were studied. It was shown that in K+-containing media the increase of the negative surface charge of the frozen mitochondrial membrane enhances the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. In media without K+ this affect is absent. The inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by I and II is due to local increase of activity of the acids in mitochondrial membrane in the course of hydrolysis. It was assumed that the double electrical layers hamper the transport of the acid from the hydrophobic zone of the membrane into the environment including the water phase. Using this model, it was demonstrated that when the double electrical layer is destroyed, the inhibition of respiration by I is decreased at increased buffer capacity of the incubation medium. Correspondingly, in intact mitochondria the buffer capacity of the medium does not practically affect the inhibition of respiration by I. PMID- 7260196 TI - [Effect of incorporation and removal of cholesterol on the lipid bilayer viscosity and the rate of oxidative reactions in rat liver microsomal membranes]. AB - The interrelationship between the lipid bilayer viscosity and the rate of oxidative reactions in rat liver microsomal membranes were investigated. The viscosity of the lipid bilayer is increased upon incorporation of cholesterol into the microsomes and is decreased upon its removal. This results in a corresponding decrease and increase of the rate of cytochrome b5 reduction by NAD(P)H. The rates of cytochrome P-450 reduction and oxidation of dimethylaniline, aniline, p-nitroanisol and NAD(P)H, as well as those of oxygen uptake and lipid peroxidation do not depend on the bilayer viscosity. Hence only the reactions of cytochrome b5 reduction by NADH- and NADPH-specific flavoproteins are diffusion-dependent processes in the microsomal oxidation chain. PMID- 7260197 TI - [Isolation and properties of NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase from the yeast Candida methylica]. AB - NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase was purified from a cell-free extract of methanol-consuming yeast Candida methylica, using chromatography on DEAE cellulose and gel-filtration on Sephadex G-200. The enzyme is electrophoretically homogeneous, consists of two identical subunits with molecular weight of 46,000 and is active within the pH range of 6-9; the Km values for NAD and formate are 1 . 10(-4) and 1,3 . 10(-2) M, respectively. Formate dehydrogenase is inhibited by p-chloromercurybenzoate, iodoacetate, dithionitrobenzoate and azide. PMID- 7260198 TI - [Correlation between [NAD+]:[NADH] and the "phosphate potential" in liver cytoplasm of developing chicken embryos]. AB - No correlation between the changes in the ratios of [NAD+]:[NADH] and [ATP]/[ADP] . [HPO4(2-)] in liver cytoplasm of developing chicken embryos was found. The [ATP]/[ADP] . [HPO4(2-)] ratio depends on the rate of gluconeogenesis. The [NAD+]:[NADH] ratio remains unchanged up to hatching and is then decreased 2 fold, the [ATP]/[ADP] . [HPO4(2-)] ratio being unchanged. The experimental and theoretical values of the "phosphate potential" show a coincidence. PMID- 7260201 TI - [Microgranulated form of cis-cinnamoylchymotrypsin for half-tone enzyme photography]. AB - The microgranules containing covalently bound cis-cinnamoylchymotrypsin were obtained by emulsion polymerization of acrylamide and the cross-linking agent in the presence of a light-sensitive enzyme premodified by acryloylchloride. The kinetics of light reactivation of microgranulated cis-cinnamoylchymotrypsin was studied. It was proposed to develop the latent enzyme image by the reaction of N acetyl-L-leucine indoxyl ester hydrolysis. The product of this reaction, indoxyl, forms indigo in the presence of oxygen. The intensity of staining was shown to depend on the exposition time. This system can be used for production of half tone enzyme photomaterials. PMID- 7260199 TI - [Kinetic properties of plant malate dehydrogenase]. AB - The kinetic behaviour of highly purified malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) from grape vine leaves has been studied. The curves of the dependence of the initial velocity (v) on oxaloacetate and NADH concentrations at low concentration of the enzyme are hyperbolic, while at relatively high concentrations of the enzyme they are S-shaped (nH = 2 and nH = 1.7 for oxaloacetate and NADH, respectively). The dependence of v upon malate concentrations at low enzyme and substrate concentrations obeys the Michaelis--Menten equation (nH = 1.0); at relatively high concentration of the enzyme at any substrate concentrations of the enzyme it is characterized by "negative" kinetic cooperativity. With respect to NAD malate dehydrogenase at low enzyme concentrations reveals "positive" cooperativity (nH = 2.5), but at relatively high concentrations shows a hyperbolic dependence. The specific malate dehydrogenase activity determined in both directions, i. e. reduction of oxaloacetate and oxidation of malate, strongly depends on the enzyme concentration. At low and relatively high concentrations of the enzyme the specific malate dehydrogenase activity sharply decreases. Therefore malate dehydrogenase can be attributed to reversibly associating oligomeric allosteric enzymes. PMID- 7260200 TI - [Polyribosomes loosely bound to endoplasmic reticulum membranes as an early step in the formation of a membrane-polyribosome complex]. AB - Fractionation of polyribosomes tightly and loosely bound to the endoplasmic reticulum membranes in a sucrose density gradient was carried out. The obtained fractions (mono- and disomes, light and heavy polyribosomes) were analyzed in a homologous cell-free protein-synthesizing system in order to determine their total protein- and collagen-synthesizing activities. All the three fractions prepared by fractionation of the loosely bound polyribosomes were found to be actively involved in protein synthesis translation. In case of tightly bound polyribosomes only the fractions of light and heavy polyribosomes could actively synthesize the protein. Study of collagen synthesis in the given fractions revealed that in tightly bound polyribosomes this synthesis is localized in the light and have polyribosomal fractions, while in loosely bound ones only the fractions of mono- and disomes are responsible for active collagen synthesis. Based on the present-day concepts on the nature of bonds formed by interaction between the endoplasmic reticulum membranes and polyribosomes the polyribosomes loosely bound to the membranes cna be considered as an early step in the formation of a membrane-polyribosome complex. PMID- 7260202 TI - [Effect of horse radish peroxidase immobilization on the kinetics of enzymatic oxidation of guaiacol in frozen solutions]. AB - The kinetics of horse radish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) catalyzed oxidation of guaiacol by hydrogen peroxide has been studied within the temperature region of +20--35 degrees C. The covalent attachment of the enzyme to polyacrylamide gel had no significant influence on the activation energy of the reaction in liquid solutions. For frozen solutions it was demonstrated that the temperature dependencies of the reaction rate differ greatly for the soluble and bound forms of the enzyme. The observed phenomenon is probably due to the differences in the molecular mobility, distribution and arrangement of reactants in frozen state. PMID- 7260203 TI - [Phases of photoelectrical response of bacteriorhodopsin]. AB - The generation of electrical potential difference by bacteriorhodopsin sheets incorporated into collodium film impregnated with a lecithine solution in decane was studied. The electrical response to a short light flash inducing a single turnover of bacteriorhodopsin consists of four phases. Phase I of photoresponse (tau less than 0.2 mks) has a small amplitude and is directed oppositely to the electrical response to continuous light. The negative phase is followed by positive phases, i.e. microsecond (II) and millisecond (III) ones, either of which can be decomposed at least into two exponents. Phase IV of the electrical response is a passive discharge of capacity of the "bacteriorhodopsin sheets- collodium film" system. Although phases II and III correspond to the generation and disappearance of the photochemical cycle intermediate with an absorption maximum at 412 nm, the parameters and activation energy of these two processes do not show complete coincidence. The effects of gramicidin A and the trifluoromethoxycarbonylcyanidephenylhydrazone uncoupler on the photoelectrical response were analyzed. The data obtained are discussed in terms of an equivalent electrical scheme, according to which the bacteriorhodopsin sheets form closed vesicles upon being incorporated into collodium film. PMID- 7260204 TI - [Effect of chlorophyll derivative and metal complexes on pancreatic lipase activity]. PMID- 7260205 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the L transformation process of the plague microbe]. PMID- 7260206 TI - Alterations in fetal lung phosphatidylinositol metabolism associated with maternal glucose intolerance. AB - Prior to conception, female rabbits were made hyperglycemic by streptozotocin administration. Fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia were documented. Although plasma myoinositol concentration were higher in the fetuses of diabetic mothers, the ratio of lung to plasma myoinositol concentrations in 29-day fetal rabbits were lower than control values. CDP-diglyceride:inositol phosphatidyltransferase was reduced by 70% in the diabetic fetuses and their lung tissue phosphatidylinositol content was decreased. PMID- 7260207 TI - 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolism in the pregnant rat: maternal-fetal relationship. AB - Metabolism of 3H-25OHD3 was studied in pregnant, D-deprived rats and their fetuses at 21 days' gestation. Significant changes in the circulating levels of 3H-24,25(OH)2D3 and 3H-1,25(OH)2D3 in maternal and fetal plasma occurred from 4 to 12 h after the administration of 233 ng of 3H-25OHD3. 3H-1,25(OH)2D3 appeared before 3H-24,25(OH)2D3 in both the mother and fetuses. Maternal plasma contained more 3H-1,25(OH)2D3 than fetal plasma and, contrariwise, fetal plasma contained more 3H-24,25(OH)2D3 than maternal plasma. Maternal nephrectomy studies showed that the in vivo synthesis of 3H-24,25(OH)2D3 at 6 h was dependent on circulating levels of 3H-1,25(OH)2D3. These results revealed aspects of maternal-fetal metabolism of 25OHD3 similar to those in the non-pregnant state as well as others unique to pregnancy. PMID- 7260208 TI - Effect of adrenalectomy on the transmission of IgG in young rats. AB - Antibody transmission in rats aged 17 days was unaffected by adrenalectomy performed at 13 days. The normal 'closure' of the jejunum to antibody is delayed by about 2 days in adrenalectomised rats. Adrenalectomy at 13 days has no apparent effect on plasma volume or haematocrit. Plasma corticosterone levels increase fivefold between 14 and 20 days, but in early weaned animals with 'closed' guts, corticosterone levels were not raised. PMID- 7260209 TI - Phenytoin administration to pregnant mice: a mutagenic action? AB - Phenytoin orally administered to pregnant NMRI mice results in limb haemorrhages, necrosis, and in most cases in limb amputations in the offspring. By mating these offspring without any treatment, the same type of abnormalities appeared throughout seven successive generation. In the second and third generation, other malformation, such as haemorrhages of the eyelids, and genitourinary defects were observed. These findings raise the question of the mutagenic role of phenytoin. Phenytoin is a drug of considerable medical use, but very little is known about the various possible intermediate steps involved in its action. PMID- 7260210 TI - Relationship of mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase to neonatal gluconeogenesis. AB - Gluconeogenesis from (U-14C)-lactate occurred in hepatocytes prepared from term fetuses which lack cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and was almost completely inhibited by 3-mercaptopicolinate but was relatively insensitive to amino-oxyacetate. 12 h after birth when up to 32% of the total hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity was detectable in the cytosol, glucose synthesis was increased 4.4-fold in hepatocytes from fasted neonates and was partially (37%) sensitive to amino-oxyacetate. In livers of fasted 24-hour-old neonates total phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity was distributed between the mitochondria and the cytosol in the ratio of 60:40. In hepatocytes prepared from such animals, amino-oxyacetate inhibited glucose synthesis by about 56%, suggesting that up to half of the carbon flow from lactate to glucose was via the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate in the mitochondria. These studies indicate an important role for mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in neonatal gluconeogenesis. PMID- 7260211 TI - Somatic growth and brain development. Effects of intrauterine malnutrition and hypoxia in mice. AB - Groups of female mice were starved or exposed to hypobaric hypoxia during pregnancy. A significantly lower weight gain during pregnancy occurred in the mothers starved or exposed to hypoxia compared to controls. Hypoxia also decreased maternal food intake. Therefore, the hypoxic groups included a combination of hypoxia and starvation. Body weight, brain weight, brain DNA (deoxyribonucleic aid) and total protein were investigated in the offspring at birth and at 20 and 70 days of age. Starvation and hypoxia impaired fetal growth, with reduction in body weight, brain weight, brain cell number (DNA content) and brain total protein content in a dose-related manner. In the most severely starved fetuses brain cell size (brain weight/DNA and total protein/DNA) was also reduced. Long-term effects were observed with lower body weight, brain weight and brain DNA content at adult age in the most severely malnourished and hypoxic offspring. Catch-up growth took place after a more moderate starvation and hypoxic exposure. It is concluded that intrauterine malnutrition interferes with fetal cellular mitotic rate. This may give rise to growth-retarded fetuses because of a decreased cell number. Depending o the degree of malnutrition a cell deficit may persist at adult age. Intrauterine hypoxia may aggravate these effects of fetal starvation. PMID- 7260212 TI - A comparison of the in vivo metabolism of phenothiazine and promazine in the neonatal guinea pig. AB - The in vivo metabolism of promazine and phenothiazine was studied in neonatal guinea pigs aged 1-21 days. Urinary metabolites were estimated for both compounds; marked fluctuations with age were noted, some values being greater than those found for adult animals. Unconjugated phenol (C-oxidation products) levels were very low, although glucuronide excretion was always present; glucuronyl transferase activity did not appear to be limiting, and was present as early as 1 day after birth. Peak sulphoxide excretion showed no correlation with output of other metabolites, suggesting that S- and C-oxidation are not directly linked. PMID- 7260213 TI - Transient apnea after an enkephalin analogue in the preterm rabbit. AB - FK 33-824, a potent enkephalin analogue was administered systemically, 0.5-5 mg/kg to preterm neonatal rabbits. A marked decrease in respiratory frequency as well as irregular breathing and apneic spells was recorded at 5 mg/kg. Tidal volume was not affected. The enkephalin-induced respiratory depression was restored immediately after naloxone (10 mg/kg). Bases on the results it may be speculated upon whether brain stem enkephalin neurons are involved in the pathogenesis of neonatal transient apnea and irregular breathing. PMID- 7260215 TI - Lipids in forehead vernix from newborn infants. AB - Neutral lipids in forehead vernix from newborn infants of various gestations were analysed by gas chromatography. Vernix collected from pre-term (less than 37 weeks) infants differed markedly from that collected from near-term (less than or equal to 37 weeks) infants. The principle difference was a increase in the content of squalene relative to other lipids in vernix from near-term infants. This change indicated a surge in fetal sebaceous gland function at about 37 weeks gestation. PMID- 7260214 TI - Effects of phototherapy on serum unbound bilirubin i icteric newborn infants. AB - Sera from 39 preterm and 35 full-term infants with hyperbilirubinemia, undergoing phototherapy continuously for 48 h, were assayed for unbound bilirubin by the peroxidase oxidation method. Assessment was done to determine the influence of therapeutic exposure to light on the serum unbound bilirubin concentrations in preterm and full-term infants. At 24 and 48 h after initiation of phototherapy, the unbound/total bilirubin ratios, as well, as the serum total and unbound bilirubin levels showed statistically significant declines of values in both preterm and full-term infants. It is concluded that, following phototherapy, the serum levels of unbound bilirubin decline more conspicuously than the decrease in serum total bilirubin levels. PMID- 7260216 TI - Is ECT extinct? PMID- 7260217 TI - Changes in serial dexamethasone suppression tests among unipolar depressive receiving electroconvulsive treatment. AB - An abnormal dexamethasone suppression test (DST) identifies endogenous depressive with 95% confidence. The DST normalizes with successful treatment. Serial DSTs throughout treatment could provide useful information on (i) whether they biologically monitor clinical response, (ii) when DST normalization does occur, and (iii) whether early normalization predicts clinical outcome. We studied six inpatients who had abnormal DSTs on admission and serial DSTs during and after a course of ECT. All were diagnosed as unipolar major depressive disorder, endogenous (RDC). Clinical improvement was monitored with weekly Hamilton Rating Scales. Five of six abnormal DST patients converted to a normal test and showed significant clinical improvement. On patient failed to normalize and also had a poor outcome. All DST normalizations occurred by the fourth to sixth ECT. Additional ECTs resulted in further reduction in DST plasma cortisol values. All normalizers experienced progressive clinical improvement, and the DST successfully monitored these changes. DST conversion occurred early in treatment. Early DST normalization may have predictive value for good treatment response. PMID- 7260218 TI - Hemispheric asymmetries in schizophrenia. AB - The growing literature on hemispheric asymmetries in schizophrenic populations is critically reviewed. Studies of lateral asymmetries in schizophrenics are discussed which have employed a wide range of methodologies, including assessment of motor, sensory, electrophysiological, neuropsychological, and structural abnormalities. This literature is discussed in relation to two theoretical viewpoints, one emphasizing impaired functioning of the corpus callosum, and the other positing left hemisphere overactivation and dysfunction in schizophrenic populations. It is concluded that the hypothesis of impaired callosal function has not been adequately tested because of methodological problems, the most serious of which is the failure to show differential deficit. The hypothesis of left hemisphere abnormality has gained consistent support, although methodological problems were noted. This research suggests a structural locus for schizophrenic pathology which is consistent with the symptomatology of the disorder, and provides avenues for further research. PMID- 7260219 TI - Persistent amphetamine-induced compulsive rituals: response to pyridoxine(B6). PMID- 7260220 TI - Lithium, hypercalcemia, and hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7260221 TI - Skiing injuries. AB - Ski injuries were studied over a six-year period at a ski area in Northern Vermont. While the injury was being treated we gathered injury, anthropometric and ability data. The binding was tested using ASTM techniques. We found all injuries to decrease but there was a bigger reduction in lower leg injuries. There was a marked decrease of the mean release torque towards the ASTM recommendations of the lower extremity group, which was attributed to be the reason for the decrease in injury rate. The medial collateral ligament injury continues to be the most prevalent of the lower extremity injuries. Injury mechanisms of this injury were explored. More work to understand how to protect the knee needs to be done. PMID- 7260222 TI - Comparative mechanics of the hip and ankle. PMID- 7260223 TI - Mechanical behavior of the femoral head in Legg-Perthes disease. AB - The research described herein is concerned with the development of a "restricted" three-dimensional finite element model of the femoral head that permits the mechanical behavior of the hip joint in Legg-Perthes' disease to be simulated and studied. This "restricted" finite element model allows the femoral head to be treated as a non-axisymmetrically loaded axisymmetric solid of revolution. In order to minimize computer costs, and in recognition of the several uncertainties present in the mechanical description of the system, a number of simplifying assumptions are introduced. These assumptions include an axisymmetric geometry, axisymmetric and linear-elastic material properties, small deformation and displacement, and an approximate load distribution on the femoral head. The computer analyses reveal the relation between the magnitude and the distribution of the stresses in the femoral head and such parameters as (1) the position in the gait cycle, (2) the thickness of the articular cartilage, (3) the extent of the necrotic bone, and (4) the type of corrective osteotomy. A sampling of the preliminary results is presented and some conclusions are drawn with respect to the implications of the study. PMID- 7260224 TI - Healing of femoral osteotomies with plastic plate fixation. PMID- 7260225 TI - Evaluation of reconstituted collagen tape as a model for chemically modified soft tissues. AB - In the last decade a number of chemically fixed, soft tissue based bioprostheses have become commercially available. Chemical fixation of these materials changes a number of their physical and chemical properties. Quantitation of these effects has been difficult because of: anisotropy of the biopolymers, variable composition of the materials, and sample size and configuration limitations. Collagen tape, made from reconstituted collagen, has been chosen as a model material because it alleviates many of the aforementioned problems. Its constituent fibers are homogeneous and unidirectional. The cross-sectional area is constant. Thus, the resultant uniaxial tensile stress-strain relationship is reproducible to allow for systematic parametric studies. Results are presented for the change in tensile properties of the collagen tape as a function of exposure time to glutaraldehyde fixative. These properties are described by the equation: sigma = A (eB epsilon-1) The tensile properties of fresh and fixed pericardial tissue were also tested and corroborative results were found. PMID- 7260226 TI - Analysis of bone-composite interfacial strengths. AB - The strength characteristics of the interface between bone and a bone/porous metal composite were analyzed. The metal was 316L stainless steel. The average tensile strength of bone spicules ingrown to the porous metal was 46.5 MPa. This compares to a control bone sample strength of 89.7 MPa. The difference could be due to bone location and bone immaturity. The overall intefacial tensile strength (9.59 MPa) is necessarily lower since the spicules cover only a fraction of the interfacial cross-section. The overall interfacial strength had a wide range of scatter (s = +/- 4.11 MPa). This was probably due to inherent variations in bone strength with location. A population of samples using porous metal with average pore diameters under 100 micrometers exhibited measurably lower tensile strengths. PMID- 7260227 TI - In vivo and in vitro considerations of corrosion testing. AB - In vitro experiments were conducted in which the fretting corrosion rate of stainless steel plates and screws in 0.9% saline was compared with the rate in solutions of 10% calf serum in saline. The results demonstrated a ten-fold decrease in the fretting corrosion rate with the addition of serum to saline. However, it also demonstrated that the lower concentration of nickel in the serum solutions was more biologically active than the higher concentration in saline when the solutions were used to skin test rabbits made allergic to nickel by injection. PMID- 7260228 TI - Suggestions for a total elasto-dynamic intervertebral disc prosthesis. AB - The essential considerations to be taken for the design of a composite elasto dynamic intervertebral disc prosthesis (IDP) are discussed, and a disc implant, supposedly satisfying the demands for surgical and biomechanical applicability and biocompatibility, are outlined. The suggested IDP implant is composed of an elastic kernel, covered in a two-components telescoping shell, situated in a polymer slit-tube fundament, after preparation fixed to the respective vertebral bodies of the respective motion segment with bone cement. The approach to a lumbar motion segment is suggested to be by way of an abdominal and retroperitoneal incision and exploration. PMID- 7260229 TI - Bidirectional subminiature thermistor sensor for analog control by breath flow. AB - A subminiature airflow sensor is described, which can discriminate between exhalation and inhalation, has good linearity and stability, and is small enough to fit inside the stoma button of a laryngectomee. The system employs two fast response self-heated thermistors placed on opposing sides of an aerodynamic obstacle inside a tube; flow polarity discrimination is based on differences between the heat exchange patterns under laminar vs. turbulent flow. An output proportional to airflow is achieved by the connection of a circuit with a piecewise-linear transfer characteristic in cascade with the thermistors. Developed in-house, this circuit may be adjusted to create an arbitrary range of input-output characteristics. Applications are suggested for an input device for various handicapped aids, for medical diagnostics and in industrial control. PMID- 7260230 TI - Hemoperfusion for detoxification of mercury. A model:treatment of severe mercury poisoning by encapsulated chelating spheres, Part I. AB - Polymercaptal microspheres of average size 0.8 mu were synthesized. They have very high affinity towards mercury compounds and do not interact with alkali or alkali earth metallic compounds, they can also easily bind mercury compounds which were already bound to albumin or cysteine. Polymercaptal spheres were encapsulated by agarose--a blood compatible polymer. The encapsulated spheres were used successfully by means of plasma perfusion for detoxification of organic and inorganic mercury compounds from poisoned plasma. PMID- 7260231 TI - Patency of heparinized SBS shunts at high shear rates. AB - The patency of 50 cm long, 1.7 mm ID heparin-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coated SBS arterio-venous shunts in pigs at shear rates greater than 1000 s-1 was found to be not different from that of identical shunts coated with PVA but without heparin. This was attributed to the absence of any measureable effect of surface bound heparin on platelet related thrombus formation at high shear rates. On the other hand, platelet adhesion values determined in the absence of flow by the open static method decreased with increasing heparin content in heparin-PVA films. The low overall patency (average life of 170 minutes) of the PVA coated SBS shunts (with and without heparin) was presumed to be related to the absence of circulating heparin during surgery and the consequent presence of tissue thromboplastin or cellular debris during the immediate postoperative period. Alternative protocols are needed to test heparinized materials at low shear rates in the absence of systemic heparin to properly assess the potential thrombo resistance of such materials. PMID- 7260232 TI - Studies with a slit-valve catheter for parenteral nutrition. AB - A new catheter for central venous total parenteral nutrition has a blunt occluded distal end and a longitudinally oriented slit one centimeter proximal. Studies in rats show that this slit-valve prevents both reflux of blood and intracatheter thrombosis. This may be a factor in reducing sepsis associated with central venous total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 7260234 TI - Central nervous system reactions to ventriculojugular shunts. AB - The response of the central nervous system (CNS) to ventricular shunts was examined in 19 patients and was found to be similar to the response observed experimentally in animals and in the cases of wound repair in humans. The major finding was the presence of a fibrous capsule surrounding 7 or 12 shunts in place for longer than 2 months. The CNS results differ from those observed in soft tissue responses by the inconstancy of the fibroblastic reaction. The formation of the envelope, when present, is related to hemorrhage secondary to insertion, with no relationship to the duration of shunt use. The ability of tumor cells to spread along the shunt path reflects the weak adhesion between the neural elements and the shunt. PMID- 7260233 TI - Properties of agarose-encapsulated adsorbents. II. Elimination of endogenous and exogenous phenolic compounds from human serum. AB - Phenolic compounds derived from the amino acid tyrosine are endogenous toxins, which are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic coma. There are also xenobiotic phenolic substances, such as p-hydroxy-acetanilide (paracetamol or acetaminophen), which can lead to serious complications if taken in an overdose. In both cases, a drastic therapeutic measure such as haemoperfusion may be indicated to eliminate the toxin from the blood. In the present work, human serum has been dosed with the phenolic compounds of immediate relevance in exogenous and endogenous intoxication, and the effectiveness of various adsorbent materials for the elimination of the toxins from the serum has been investigated. Resins and charcoal in the native state have been compared with those encapsulated into large agarose beads, a process which improves the haemocompatibility and thus the practicability of the adsorbents. A certain degree of specificity has been observed. Whereas phenolic acids are adsorbed quite effectively onto the strongly basic ion exchange resins of the Dowex 1X type, particularly 1X8 or 2X8, phenol or paracetamol are less effectively eliminated. In contrast to many other classes of toxin, the Amberlite XAD-type resins are ineffective for all the phenolic substances investigated. Charcoal is the most effective adsorber in most cases, particularly when encapsulated in powder form into agarose beads. PMID- 7260235 TI - The effect of ampicillin on the expression of Fc-IgG receptors on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 7260236 TI - Serum high-density lipoproteins cholesterol, heparin and peripheral vascular disease. AB - Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been determined in 85 patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and in 72 healthy control subjects. HDL-C levels were significantly decreased in patients with PVD. Considering other vascular risk factors as diabetes mellitus, smoking and hypertension, there were no differences in HDL-C levels. Twenty-three patients received heparin as treatment, this subgroup showed a HDL-C levels higher than patients who were not under heparin therapy. The possible clinical implications of these facts are discussed. PMID- 7260237 TI - Effect of bacterial endotoxin on lysosomal enzyme activities of normal and mucolipidosis III fibroblasts. AB - The effect of bacterial endotoxin (LPS) on lysosomal enzyme activities of fibroblasts from normals and mucolipidosis III patients was investigated. Exposure of normal fibroblasts to LPS for 24 hours resulted in enhanced intracellular activities of beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha-L iduronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Endotoxin also led to an increased extracellular activity of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. In contrast, mucolipidosis III fibroblasts did not show either intracellular or extracellular increase of lysosomal hydrolases after LPS treatment. Difference in cellular responsiveness to LPS may be related to the mechanism of LPS-cell interaction. PMID- 7260238 TI - Nuclear DNA-polymerase estimation in human carcinomas. PMID- 7260239 TI - Antagonism of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by carnitine is specific of the L diasteroisomer. AB - The therapeutic use of Doxorubicin in the treatment of human solid tumors is restricted because of its cardiotoxicity. It has been demonstrated that D,L Carnitine reduces or suppresses some of the cardiotoxic effects produced by the antibiotic. The results of this study, carried out on rat heart Langendorff preparation show that the decrease in heart rate, coronary flow, and contractile force, occurring after Doxorubicin infusion, was antagonized by the laevo diasteroisomer; the dextroform was totally inactive. On the contrary, both forms increased phospholipid concentration in the myocardium. This would suggest that the reparatory effect of L-Carnitine against Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is linked to the natural role played by this substance in metabolic processes. PMID- 7260240 TI - Cadaver nerve allografts in dogs. AB - Cadaver nerve allografts were studied in major histocompatibility complex identical beagle donor/recipient combinations. Grafts were removed 3 and 6 hours after the death of the donor, preserved at -70 degrees C and transplanted as 7 cm long grafts at a later date. Graft function and histology was evaluated 9 to 11 months after transplantation by electromyographic examination and histological studies, respectively. Cadaver nerve allografts removed 3 and 6 hours after death show exactly the same excellent regeneration as the freshly removed cryopreserved nerve allografts in major histocompatibility complex identical combinations. This information is of value for future attempts to establish nerve banks of a many as possible different major histocompatibility types. Such banks will be required to accommodate the necessary donor/recipient matching for clinical nerve allografting. PMID- 7260244 TI - Graphical analysis of nonideal monomer N-mer, isodesmic, and type II indefinite self-associating systems by equilibrium ultracentrifugation. AB - A graphical procedure is described by which one can obtain in principle the monomer molecular weight, stoichiometry, equilibrium constant, and second virial coefficient of nonideal monomer N-mer, isodesmic, and type II indefinite self associating systems. In addition, a method is presented for obtaining both the equilibrium constant and the second virial coefficient from the maximum in a plot of apparent molecular weight vs. concentration if the monomer molecular weight and stoichiometry are known. The usefulness and limitations of the methods are discussed, as well as the quality and range of data required for determination of the relevant parameters. The techniques described are applicable to analysis of self-associating systems by osmotic pressure and light scattering, as well as equilibrium ultracentrifugation measurements. PMID- 7260241 TI - Oscillations of redox states in synchronously dividing cultures of Acanthamoeba castellanii and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - The redox state of the mitochondria of Acanthamoeba castellanii and Schizosaccharomyces pombe was assessed with a flying-spot fluorometer (Chance et al. 1978. Am. J. Physiol. 235:H 809) that provides excitation appropriate for oxidized flavoprotein or reduced pyridine nucleotide. Fluorescence signals could be resolved from the thin films of cultures that were only one cell deep. In both organisms anoxia was associated with an increased pyridine nucleotide and decreased flavoprotein fluorescence. The addition of mitochondrial uncoupling agents increased the flavoprotein fluorescence and the fluorometer was able to resolve uncoupler-sensitive and uncoupler-insensitive fractions of S. pombe cultures. In both synchronous and asynchronous cultures of A. castellanii and S. pombe the mitochondrial redox state oscillates with a period of 4.5 +/- 1.0 min. Oscillations with much longer period, of the order of an hour, are observed in synchronous cultures and these oscillations correlate with similar oscillations in respiratory rate, uncoupler sensitivity, and adenine nucleotide pool sizes. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that synchronous cultures of A. castellanii and S. pombe oscillate between the ADP-limited (state 4) and ADP sufficient (state 3) respiratory states, i.e., exhibit in vivo respiratory control. PMID- 7260242 TI - The flow of sickle-cell blood in the capillaries. AB - Oxygen tension levels and red cell velocities for the flow of sickle-cell blood in the capillaries are determined by using the Krogh model for oxygen transport and lubrication theory for the cell motion. The coupling and interaction between these arises from the red cell compliance, which is assumed to vary with the oxygen concentration. Microsieving data is used to establish an upper bound for this relationship. Calculations are carried out for a range of capillary sizes, taking into account the rightward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and the reduced hematocrit of sickle-cell blood, and are compared to, as a base case, the flow of normal blood under normal pressure gradient. The results indicate that under normal pressure gradients the oxygen tensions and cell velocities for sickle blood are considerably higher than for normal blood, thus acting against the tendency for cells to sickle, or significantly change their rheological properties, in the capillaries. Under reduced pressure gradients, however, the concentrations and velocities drop dramatically, adding to the likelihood of such shape or flow property changes. PMID- 7260243 TI - Spatiotemporal testing and modeling of catfish retinal neurons. AB - The responses of retinal neurons depend on the interaction of both temporal and spatial aspects of a light stimulus. We developed a linear spatiotemporal model of receptor and horizontal cell layers in the catfish retina based on reciprocal interactions between both layers and coupling within each. Horizontal cell transfer properties were measured experimentally using white-noise intensity modulated light spots of different diameters and were compared with analytical predictions based on the model. Good agreement was obtained with a reasonable choice of model space-constants and feedback parameters. Furthermore, the same set of parameter values determined from spot experiments enabled accurate prediction of experimental horizontal cell responses to traveling gratings. The proposed feedback connections from horizontal cells to receptors quicken the time course of responses in both layers and sharpen receptive fields. PMID- 7260245 TI - Observation of flagellation of spermatozoa by depolarized laser light scattering. AB - Depolarized laser light-scattering theory was applied to derive the autocorrelation function of laser light scattered by motile spermatozoa, assuming that each spermatozoon is a chain of rotatable rigid ellipsoids of revolution and also that the rotational velocity about an axis perpendicular to the symmetry axis of the ellipsoid is constant for times of the order of the characteristic decay time of the autocorrelation function. The rotations are produced by flagellar movements of the spermatozoa. The correlation function thus obtained was related to the second-order coefficient of a Legendre polynomial expansion of the rotation of the direction angle of the ellipsoidal axis. The experimental fact that the correlation function for dead spermatozoa of sea urchin resembled that for flagella mechanically separated from spermatozoa indicated to us that the depolarized light was scattered mainly by flagella. The rotational velocity distribution of the flagella was determined by comparing the theoretical analysis with the experimentally obtained correlation functions for the motile and dead spermatozoa. The value of the average velocity caused by the flagellation, 230 rad/s, was in good agreement with that measured under an optical microscope. PMID- 7260246 TI - Temperature dependence of the viscoelastic recovery of red cell membrane. AB - The time-dependent recovery of an elongated red cell is studied as a function of temperature. Before release, the elongated cell is in static equilibrium where external forces are balanced by surface elastic force resultants. Upon release, the cell recovers its initial shape with a time-dependent exponential behavior characteristic of a viscoelastic solid material undergoing large ("finite") deformation. The recovery process is characterized by a time constant, tc, that decreases from approximately 0.27 s at 6 degrees C to 0.06 s at 37 degrees C. From this measurement of the time constant and an independent measurement of the shear modulus of surface elasticity for red cell membrane, the value for the membrane surface viscosity as a function of temperature can be calculated. PMID- 7260247 TI - Hydrodynamic and diffusion considerations of rapid-mix experiments with red blood cells. AB - From studies of the oxygenation rate of red blood cells (RBC) using rapid-mix techniques, it has been suggested that RBC are surrounded by a stagnant layer of water that does not (or cannot) mix with the rest of the water. A consideration of the appropriate hydrodynamics and convective diffusion rates shows that a mixer can reduce the resolution time to approximately 1 ms (or possibly less) and give a diffusion layer around the TBC that is approximately 1 micron thick. In stopped flow equipment it expands to approximately 4 micron over approximately 10 ms, whereas in continuous flow work the diffusion layers expands slightly less rapidly and less far. Thus the rate of oxygenation of TBC should be slower when measured by stopped flow techniques than by continuous flow apparatus for which the rate will depend weakly on the Reynolds number of the flow in the interrogation tube. PMID- 7260248 TI - Resonance Raman studies of the primary photochemical event in visual pigments. AB - Resonance Raman multicomponent spectra of bovine rhodopsin, isorhodopsin, and bathorhodopsin have been obtained at low temperature. Application of the double beam "pump-probe" technique allows us to extract a complete bathorhodopsin spectrum from the mixture in both protonated and deuterated media. Our results show that the Schiff base of bathorhodopsin is fully protonated and that the extent of protonation is unaffected by its photochemical formation from either rhodopsin or isorhodopsin. The Raman spectrum of bathorhodopsin is significantly different than that of either parent pigment, thus supporting the notion that a geometric change in the chromophore is an important component of the primary photochemical event in vision. A normal mode analysis is carried out with particular attention devoted to the factors that determine the frequency of the C=N stretching vibration. We find that the increased frequency of this mode in protonated relative to unprotonated Schiff bases is due to coupling between C=N stretching and C=N-H bending motions, and the shift observed upon deuteration of the Schiff base can also be understood in these terms. Various models for the primary event are discussed in light of our experimental and theoretical results. PMID- 7260249 TI - Diffusion models for the squid axon Schwann cell layer. AB - The Schwann cell, basement membrane, and connective tissue layers that surround the squid giant axon and constitute barriers to diffusion, were modeled in a number of ways to analyze various experimental results. The experiments considered are (a) the time-course of the potassium concentration in the space between the Schwann cell and the axon membrane (from now on referred to as the F H space) after an initial loading, (b) the time-course of sodium concentration in the F-H space after a sudden change in the sodium concentration in the external fluid; (c) the time-course of the concentration of tetrodotoxin (TTX) or saxitoxin (STX) in the F-H space after a sudden change in external concentration, including (or not) the effects of specific binding of TTX or STX to sites on the axon membrane and nonsaturable binding to sites in the F-H space or in the spaces (clefts) between Schwann cells; (d) the effects of the F-H space, clefts, and diffusion into the clefts from the outside (from now on referred to as convergence into the clefts) on the measured series resistance.The analysis shows that (1) in no case is it necessary to include the effects of the convergence into the clefts from the outside; (2) in case a, the basement membrane, connective tissue layers, and the unstirred layer may be neglected, i.e., the clefts are rate limiting; (3) in case b the clefts may be neglected, i.e., the unstirred layer is rate limiting; (4) in most cases the clefts may be replaced by an equivalent thin diffusion barrier. PMID- 7260250 TI - Bathoproducts of rhodopsin, isorhodopsin I, and isorhodopsin II. AB - Bathorhodopsins were prepared by partially (10--15%) photoconverting bovine rhodopsin (11-cis chromophore) or isorhodopsin I (9-cis chromophore) at 77 degrees K; care was taken to avoid establishing photostationary states. The absorption spectra calculated for the bathorhodopsins derived from the two parent pigments are identical in their lambda max 'S, bandwidths, and extinction coefficients. This result provides further support for the hypothesis that bathorhodopsin is a common intermediate between an 11-cis pigment (rhodopsin) and a 9-cis one (isorhodopsin I) and thus probably has an all-trans chromophore. This in turn is strong evidence for the cis-trans isomerization model of the primary event in vision. The spectrum of the bathoproduct of isorhodopsin II (9,13-dicis chromophore) is different from the other pigments' bathoproducts. PMID- 7260251 TI - A stochastic model for oviductal egg transport. AB - A mathematical description of ovum transport based on Langevin's diffusion equation is presented. The proposed model is deduced from qualitative features of this phenomenon, not induced from numerical fitting of experimental data. We demonstrate that egg transport in the ampulla of the rabbit oviduct can be represented as a one-dimensional random walk in a field of external force. The application of the model to describe isthmic ovum and sperm transport on the basis of simple random walk process is also discussed. The present formulation identifies and characterizes the forces involved in the motions of the ovum and predicts specific alternatives for physiological regulation of egg transport in the oviduct. PMID- 7260252 TI - Microwave dielectric relaxation in muscle. A second look. AB - The dielectric permittivity and conductivity of muscle fibers from the giant barnacle, Balanus nubilus, have been measured at 1, 25, and 37 degrees C, between 10 MHz and 17 GHz. The dominant microwave dielectric relaxation process in these fibers is due to dipolar relaxation of the tissue water, which shows a characteristic relaxation frequency equal to that of pure water, ranging from 9 GHz (1 degree C) to 25 GHz (37 degree C). The total permittivity decrease, epsilon 0 -- epsilon infinity, due to this process accounts for approximately 95% of the water content of the tissue; thus, the major fraction of tissue water is dielectrically identical to the pure fluid on a picosecond time scale. A second dielectric process contributes significantly to the tissue dielectric properties between 0.1 and 1--5 GHz, and arises in part form Maxwell-Wagner effects due to the electrolyte content of the tissue, and in part from dielectric relaxation of the tissue proteins themselves. PMID- 7260254 TI - Variability of dry mass as a fundamental biological property demonstrated for the case of Vaccinia virions. AB - The dry mass of individual vaccinia virions, as an example of a presumably uniform biological population, prepared in different lost at the Institute for Tropical Hygiene in Hamburg, was tested for variability by quantitative electron microscopy. A value of 5.26 X 10(-15) g for the median weight of the particle was calculated from 7,300 determinations. By assessing the variability of polystyrene latex spheres, which were used as mass standards, we demonstrated that the variability of dry mass of vaccinia virions is fivefold greater than the variability (standard) introduced by the method for determining mass. It was concluded that while genetic control in a presumably homozygous virion is strict with respect to quality, quantity of viral components (other than DNA) varies in fashion that can be aptly described by a log-normal distribution. It is recognized that this observation is empirically supported by the paradigm that any composite biological entity is subject to quantitative variability, the more so the heavier the individual representatives of a species are. In addition, the effects that extractions and staining have on the dry mass of vaccinia are reported, as well as is the median for the dry mass of other strains of pox viruses. PMID- 7260253 TI - Motion characteristics of flagellar fragments of long insect sperm. AB - The flagellar length of cricket spermatozoa was reduced in steps from congruent to 1,000 micrometer (intact length) to 50 micrometer. In intact sperm the flagellar wave properties were largely independent of the viscosity of the external medium. When the flagellar length had been reduced to less than 100 micrometer the flagellar frequency was reduced at a raised external viscosity. Independent motion of different sections of a flagellum was not observed when its length is less than 100 micrometer. It is concluded that in long thin flagella, transverse viscous forces cannot exert a moment beyond a lever length of approximately 100 micrometer. It is shown that the existence of a maximum lever length, beyond which no moment can be transmitted, leads to the absence of a standing active contractile moment in the long insect sperm. PMID- 7260255 TI - Relation between intracellular Na ion activity and tension of sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers exposed to dihydro-ouabain. AB - The intracellular Na ion activity (aiNa) and the contractile tension (T) of sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers were simultaneously measured employing recessed-tip Na+ selective glass microelectrodes and a mechano-electric transducer. The aiNa of 6.4 +/- 1.6 mM (mean +/- SD, n = 56) was obtained in fibers perfused with normal Tyrode's solution. The changes in aiNa and T were measured during and after the exposure of fibers to a cardiac glycoside, dihydro-ouabain (DHO) in concentrations between 5 X 10(-8) M and 10(-5) M. The exposure time to DHO was 15 min. Both aiNa and T did not change in fibers exposed to 5 X 10(-8) M DHO, and the threshold concentration for the effect of DHO appeared to be around 10(-7) M. In DHO concentrations greater than the threshold, the increases in aiNa and T strongly correlated during the onset of DHO effects. The recoveries of aiNa and T were variable and slow, being dependent on the DHO concentration. In those fibers which recovered from the effects of DHO, the time-course of aiNa recovery was similar to that of T recovery. In fibers exposed to DHO of 5 X 10(-6) M or greater, the apparent toxic effects were observed in both action potential and contraction after an initial increase in T. The fibers manifesting the apparent toxic effects has a aiNa of approximately 30 mM or greater. The results of this study indicate that the increase in aiNa is associated with the positive inotropic action of the cardiac glycoside. PMID- 7260257 TI - Comments on the frequency domain analysis of asymmetry current in squid axon membrane. PMID- 7260256 TI - Measurement of the pyroelectric coefficient and permittivity on Rhododendron and Encephalartos leaves and on the insect Periplaneta americana. AB - Pyroelectric (PE) voltage responses to single square radiation signals absorbed in epidermal layers of the leaves of Encephalartos villosus and Rhododendron catawbiense and in the integument of the insect Periplaneta americana L. were investigated on dry preparations as well as on whole fresh leaves and live insects. Measurements of the initial slopes of the responses, the rise times, and the peak voltages were carried out with 10 interchangeable load resistors from 5M omega to 10 G omega, connected parallel to the samples. In encephalartos leaves this yielded for the permittivity epsilon and the PE coefficient lambda in the upper/lower epidermis, epsilon = 30/60 and lambda = 2/6 pC/cm2K, respectively, and in rhododendron, epsilon = 60/200 and lambda = 3/15 pC/cm2K. In periplaneta we found epsilon = 300 and lambda = 20 pC/cm2K for the abdomen rings, and epsilon = 1,000 and lambda = 350 pC/cm2K for the thorax of live insects. Generally, dry preparations of leaves, and especially of insects, showed smaller PE responses. The outer epidermis of live plant leaves and the integument of live insects appear to be polar and to exhibit pronounced PE properties. PMID- 7260259 TI - The photoconversion of lumirhodopsin at 77 degrees K. Estimation of the quantum efficiency. AB - Evidence is presented that lumirhodopsin (containing all-trans retinal) is not directly photoconverted to bathorhodopsin (all-trans) at 77 degrees K as previously suggested (Yoshizawa and Wald. 1963. Nature (Lond.) 197:1279-1286). Rather, lumirhodopsin is converted to a new species, L' (11-cis and/or 9-cis retinal) which, on warming to room temperature, is indistinguishable from rhodopsin or isorhodopsin. The quantum efficiency for the conversion of lumirhodopsin to L' is estimated to be 0.5 +/- 0.1. This value is significantly higher than that of other all-trans to cis conversions for bovine rhodopsin intermediates, indicating that the opsin conformation has a significant effect on a pigment's quantum efficiency. PMID- 7260258 TI - Magnetic anisotropy of the visual pigment rhodopsin. AB - A new estimate of diamagnetic anisotropy of the frog rhodopsin is reported. The estimate is obtained by combining the data of magnetic field induced orientation of isolated frog rod outer segments as measured by Chagneux and Chalazonitis (1972) and the data of diamagnetic anisotropy of lecithin membranes as recently reported by Boroske and Helfrich (1978). The anisotropy of the volume susceptibilities of frog rhodopsin is calculated to be 4.4 X 10(-8) cgs unit/cm3, which corresponds to 1.5 X 10(-27) cgs unit/molecule, or 9.0 X 10(-4) cgs unit/mol. PMID- 7260260 TI - Low frequency sounds from sustained contraction of human skeletal muscle. AB - Low frequency audible vibrations are produced by human skeletal muscles undergoing sustained contraction. The effect is easily demonstrable with an electronic stethoscope which amplifies sound below 50 Hz. Autocorrelation analysis of the signal shows that it is periodic with a frequency 25 +/- 2.5 Hz. The quality of the sound is the same for all the skeletal muscles tested and is unaffected by changes in tension, ambient temperature, and blood flow. Electrically-stimulated contraction produces a sound which is indistinguishable from voluntary contraction. The amplitude of the sound increases linearly with tension. The sound signals are uncorrelated both in frequency and phase with electromyographic signals obtained simultaneously while the muscle is contacted. Arguments are presented to show that the sounds may be an intrinsic property of muscle contraction. PMID- 7260261 TI - The adsorption of nonpolar molecules into lipid bilayer membranes. AB - Thermodynamic considerations show that the adsorption of nonpolar molecules into lipid bilayer membranes should depend upon the curvature of the membranes. Estimations of the differences in adsorption of a small n-alkane between a planar phospholipid bilayer and liposomal vesicles have been attempted. For spherical multilamellar liposomes exposed to saturated solutions of alkane in water the adsorption is calculated to be 17-65% of the value for the planar bilayer, depending on the assumptions in the model. PMID- 7260262 TI - Effect of high pressure on the absorption spectrum and isomeric composition of bacteriorhodopsin. AB - The effects of high pressure upon the absorption spectra and isomeric composition of the dark (bRD) and light adapted (bRL) forms of bacteriorhodopsin were examined. Pressure favors the 13-cis form of bacteriorhodopsin (bR13-cis). The equilibrium isomeric composition and absorption spectra of bacteriorhodopsin samples at a given pressure were the same starting from either light or dark adapted bacteriorhodopsin. From the effect of pressure on the equilibrium constant between bRall-trans in equilibrium bR13-cis in the dark, the molar volume change between bRall-trans and bR13-cis was found to be -7.8 +/- 3.2 ml/mol. This volume change suggests a difference in conformation between dark- and light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin, but the magnitude of the change is small, involving only a small number of the protein residues. PMID- 7260264 TI - Locating spike-initiating or spike-entry zones in a branched molluscan neuron. AB - A theoretical method for locating spike-initiating or spike-entry zones within a single neuron was experimentally verified using the cell RPI in the marine opisthobranch Navanax inermis. Multiple sites of spike-initiation were found to exist in RPI. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that extracellular recording alone was sufficient to map sections of cells' branching patterns and possibly locate multiple spike-initiating zones. PMID- 7260263 TI - Electrokinetic properties of synaptic vesicles and synaptosomal membranes. AB - Using the technique of electrophoretic light scattering, we have measured the electrophoretic mobilities of synaptic vesicles and synaptosomal plasma membranes isolated from guinea-pig cerebral cortex. The electrophoretic mobility of synaptic vesicles is slightly greater than that of synaptosomal plasma membranes. Ca+2 and Mg+2 reduced the mobility of both species to the same extent at physiologically relevant concentrations (0-1 mM) and near-physiologic ionic strength. The extent of the reduction was not large (approximately 6% for synaptic vesicles in the presence of 100 mM KCl) at 1 mM divalent cation concentrations. At concentrations of approximately 2 mM and higher, Ca+2 reduced the mobility of synaptic vesicles more than did Mg/2. A similar but much smaller effect was observed in the case of synaptosomal plasma membranes. The addition of 1 mM Mg+2-ATP had no effect upon synaptic vesicle mobility either in the presence or absence of the ionophores nigericin or valinomycin. These data, together with earlier work (Siegel et al., 1978, Biophys. J. 22:341-346), demonstrate that substantial reduction of the average electrostatic surface charge density is not the most important role of divalent cations in promoting close approach of secretory granules and secretory cell membranes, and that it is certainly not the Ca+2-specific step in exocytosis. PMID- 7260265 TI - Intracellular Na+ activity as a function of Na+ transport rate across a tight epithelium. AB - Liquid Na+ resin microelectrodes were used to measure intracellular Na+ activities (alpha iNa+) in the mammalian tight epithelium, rabbit urinary bladder. alpha iNa+ averaged 7 +/- 1 mM and was independent of Na+ transport rate over the range of 2 to 8 muA/muF. (1 mF congruent to 1 cm2 apical membrane area). After Na+ loading the cells the Na+ pump in the basolateral membrane was measurably electrogenic. A method for shielding the Na+-sensitive microelectrodes is described which increases the response time and eliminates an electrical shunting artifact. PMID- 7260266 TI - Lateral diffusion in biological membranes. A normal-mode analysis of diffusion on a spherical surface. AB - A new approach is described for the analysis of lateral diffusion in biological membranes. It is shown that a suitably defined first moment of the concentration distribution on a spherical surface decays as a single exponential with a relaxation rate proportional to the diffusion coefficient and inversely proportional to the square of the radius of the sphere. The approach is illustrated with an example of fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching of membrane proteins in a spectrin-deficient spherocytic mouse erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7260267 TI - A nomogram for deconvolution of single exponential fluorescence decays. AB - An extremely rapid technique for deconvolving single exponential luminescence decay data is described that involves essentially no mathematical manipulation of the experimental data. The method permits "real time" measurement of deconvolved luminescence lifetimes with conventional pulsed, lifetime-fluorometers and phosphorimeters. The method assumes that the true luminescence decay of the chromophore is accurately represented by a single exponential decay function. PMID- 7260268 TI - A model for the effects of potential and external K+ concentration on the Cs+ blocking of inward rectification. AB - Inward rectification in starfish egg cell membranes is blocked by external Cs+, the degree of blocking being an increasing function of hyperpolarizing potentials and of the external concentration of K+. While the effect of K+ and the particular functional dependence of blocking on potential are difficult to reconcile with a one-ion pore model, both features can be accounted for assuming that the pore has at least two sites and tat a considerable fraction of the blocked pores is simultaneously occupied by a Cs+ ion in the inner site and by a K+ in the outer one. PMID- 7260269 TI - Alterations of the electrophoretic mobility distribution of rat mast cells after immunologic activation. AB - Changes in the electrophoretic mobility distributions of rat serosal mast cells after immunologic activation have been measured using the laser Doppler technique of electrophoretic light scattering. Rat serosal mast cells of 98% purity isolated by isopycnic and velocity gradient sedimentation had a highly negative electrophoretic mobility which was unaffected by incubation with normal rabbit serum or, at 4 degrees C or in the absence of Ca+2, with rabbit anti-rat E(ab')2 antiserum. Immunologic activation of the cells with this antiserum in the presence of Ca+2 at 37 degrees C resulted in a dose- and time-dependent increase in the electrophoretic mobility. Thus at a 1:25 dilution of anti-F(ab')2 the mean and mode electrophoretic mobilities of the mast cell population increased 25 and 21%, respectively. The width of the electrophoretic mobility distribution also increased with activation, indicating a heterogeneous response of the mast cells in the population. The increase in electrophoretic mobility after immunologic activation is not diminished by treatment of the cells with 1 M NaCl to solubilize adsorbed mast cell granule or heparin. PMID- 7260270 TI - Excitation properties of the squid axon membrane and model systems with current stimulation. Statistical evaluation and comparison. AB - The space-clamped squid axon membrane and two versions of the Hodgkin-Huxley model (the original, and a strongly adapting version) are subjected to a first order dynamic analysis. Stable, repetitive firing is induced by phase-locking nerve impulses to sinusoidal currents. The entrained impulses are then pulse position modulated by additional, small amplitude perturbation sinusoidal currents with respect to which the frequencies response of impulse density functions are measured. (Impulse density is defined as the number of impulses per unit time of an ensemble of membranes with each membrane subject to the same stimulus). Two categories of dynamic response are observed: one shows clear indications of a corner frequency, the other has the corner frequency obscured by dynamics associated with first order conductance perturbations in the interspike interval. The axon membrane responds with first order perturbations whereas the unmodified Hodgkin-Huxley model does not. Quantitative dynamic signatures suggest that the relaxation times of axonal recovery excitation variables are twice as long as those of the corresponding model variables. A number of other quantitative differences between axon and models, including the values of threshold stimuli are also observed. PMID- 7260271 TI - Firing rate of a retinal neuron are not predictable from interspike interval statistics. AB - The intervals between successive action potentials (impulses, or "spikes") produced the maintained firing of a neuron (ISIs) are often treated as if they were independent on each other; that is, an impulse train is considered as a stationary renewal process. If this is so, the variability of the mean rate of firing impulses in a sequence of temporal windows should be predictable from the distribution of ISIs. This was found not to be the case for the maintained firing of retinal ganglion cells in goldfish. Although some evident nonstationarity sometimes resulted in greater variability of the observed rate distributions than those predicted (for relatively long temporal windows), as a general rule the observed rate distributions were considerable less dispersed than would be predicted by sampling of the ISI distributions. This was taken as evidence of long-term serial dependency between successive ISIs; however, two standard test for dependency (autocorrelations and serial correlograms failed to to reveal structure of sufficiently long duration to account for the effect noted. PMID- 7260272 TI - Proton transport across charged membrane and pH oscillations. AB - Based on Eyring's multibarrier activation process, a mathematical model and equation is developed to account for proton diffusion through an immobilized protein and enzyme membrane perfused with an electrolyte, substrate, and a buffer. With this model we find that, in the presence of a buffer, our solution approaches the continuum case very rapidly. We apply our model to membranes composed of papain and bovine serum albumin and find that our theory closely stimulates the experimental observations on the effect of salt and buffer on proton diffusion. Our theory shows that the pH oscillations observed in the diffusion controlled papain-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) reaction may be the result of CO2 dissolved in the bath at high pH. In our theory, under certain conditions and in agreement with experimental observation, the buffer penetration depth oscillates near the boundary of a papain membrane in a solution containing BAEE and borate. We also find that at low ionic strength small ions as well as a buffer are seen to oscillate if a membrane is highly charged. PMID- 7260273 TI - Nonequilibrium linear behavior of biological systems. Existence of enzyme mediated multidimensional inflection points. AB - The linear phenomenological equations of nonequilibrium thermodynamics are limited theoretically to near equilibrium although a number of biological systems have been shown to exhibit a "linear" relationship between steady-state flows and conjugate thermodynamic forces outside the range of equilibrium. We have found a multidimensional inflection point which can exist well outside the range of equilibrium around with enzyme-catalyzed reactions exhibit "linear" behavior between the logarithm of reactant concentrations and enzyme catalyzed flows. A set of sufficient conditions has been derived which can be applied to any enzyme mechanism to determine whether a multidimensional inflection point exists. The conditions do not appear overly restrictive and may be satisfied by a large variety of coupled enzyme reactions. It is thus possible that the linearity observed in some biological systems may be explained in terms of enzyme operating near this multidimensional point. PMID- 7260274 TI - The quantum efficiency of proton pumping by the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium. AB - The quantum yield of H+ release in purple membrane (PM) sheets, and H+ uptake in phospholipid (egg phosphatidylcholine, PC) vesicles containing PM, was measured in single turnover light flashes using a pH-sensitive dye, p-nitrophenol, with rhodopsin as an actinometer. We have also calculated the ratio of H+ released per M412 formed (an unprotonated Shiff-base intermediate formed during the photocycle). In PM sheets, the quantum yield of H+ release depends on the medium. The quantum yield of M412 is independent of salt concentration. The ratio H+/M412 is approximately 1.8 M KC; and approximately 0.64 in 10 mM KCl. Direct measurements of the quantum yield of H+ give approximately 0.7 when the PM is suspended in 0.5 M KC; and 0.25 in 10 mM KCl. Using a quantum yield for M412 formation of 0.3 (Becher and Ebrey, 1977 Biophys J. 17:185.), these measurements also give a H+/M412 approximately 2 at high salt. In PM/PC vesicles, the H+/M412 is approximately 2 at all salt concentrations. The M412 decay is biphasic and the dye absorption change is monophasic. The dissipation of the proton gradient is very slow, taking on the order of seconds. Addition of nigericin (H+/K+ antiporter) drastically reduces the pH changes observed in PM/PC vesicles. This and the observation that the proton relaxation time is much longer than the photochemical cycling time suggest that the protons are pumped across the membrane and there is no contribution as a result of reversible binding and release of protons on just one side of the membrane. PMID- 7260275 TI - Minimum energy analysis of membrane deformation applied to pipet aspiration and surface adhesion of red blood cells. AB - An experimental procedure is demonstrated which can be used to determine the interfacial free energy density for red cell membrane adhesion and membrane elastic properties. The experiment involves micropipet aspiration of a flaccid red blood cell and manipulation of the cell proximal to a surface where adhesion occurs. A minimum free energy method is developed to model the equilibrium contour of unsupported membrane regions and to evaluate the partial derivatives of the total free energy, which correspond to the micropipet suction force and the interfacial free energy density of adhesion. It is shown that the bending elasticity of the red cell membrane does not contribute significantly to the pressure required to aspirate a flaccid red cell. Based on experimental evidence, the upper bound for the bending or curvature elastic modulus of the red cell membranes is 10-12 ergs (dyn-cm). Analysis of the adhesion experiment shows that interfacial free energy densities for red cell adhesion can be measured from a lower limit of 10-4 ergs/cm2 to an upper limit established by the membrane tension for lysis of 5-10 ergs/cm2. PMID- 7260276 TI - Some observations on the dielectric properties of hemoglobin's suspending medium inside human erythrocytes. AB - Dielectric permittivity and conductivity data for human erythrocytes exhibit two consecutive dispersions with frequency in the range from 0.1 to 250 MHz. The dispersion observed above 50 MHz yields a circle in the complex impedance plane with its center on the real axis, suggesting a Debye relaxation, for the erythrocyte interior medium, centered in the microwave frequency range as for bulk water. Moreover, the Maxwell mixture equation, indicates that this "free" water forms most of the suspending medium of hemoglobin macromolecules. These results extend to lower frequencies (earlier results obtained by Schwan) with biological tissues such as muscles, skin, or liver at microwaves frequencies. PMID- 7260278 TI - Comparison of polyelectrolyte theories of the binding of cations to DNA. AB - Predictions of the binding of counterions to DNA made using the counterion condensation theory developed by Manning are compared with those made using the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, solved numerically by the Runge-Kutta procedure. Ions are defined as territorially or atmospherically bound if they fall within a given distance, defined by counterion condensation theory, from the DNA surface. Two types of experimental situations are considered. The first is the delocalized binding of a single type of counterion to DNA. In this case the Poisson-Boltzmann treatment predicts somewhat lower extents of binding TO DNA, modeled as a 10-A radius cylinder, than does Manning theory. The two theories converge as the radius decreases. The second type of experiment is the competition of ions of different valence for binding to DNA. The theories are compared with literature values of binding constants of divalent ions in the presence of monovalent ions, and of spermidine 3+ in the presence of Na+ or Mg2+. Both predict with fair accuracy the salt dependence of the equilibrium constants. PMID- 7260279 TI - Influence of intercellular clefts on potential and current distribution in a multifiber preparation. AB - A theoretical model is presented for current and voltage clamp of multifiber bundles in a double sucrose gap. Attention is focused on methodological errors introduced by the intercellular cleft resistance. The bundle is approximated by a continuous geometry. Voltage distribution, as a function of radial distance and time, is defined by a parabolic partial differential equation which is specified for different membrane characteristics. Assuming a linear membrane, analytical solutions are given for current step and voltage step conditions. The theoretical relations (based on Bessel functions) may be used to calculate membrane conductance and capacity from experimental clamp data. The case of a nonlinear membrane with standard Hodgkin-Huxley kinetics for excitatory Na current is treated assuming maximum Na conductances (gNa) of 120, 10, and 1 mmho/cm2. Numerical simulations are presented for potential and current distribution in a bundle of 60 microns diameter during depolarizing voltage steps. Adequate voltage control is restricted to the peripheral fibers of the bundle whereas the membrane potential of the inner fibers deviates from the command level during early inward current, tending to the Na equilibrium potential. In the peak current-voltage diagram the loss of voltage control is reflected by an increased steepness of the negative region and a decreased slope conductance of the positive region. With gNa = 120 mmho/cm2, the positive slope conductance is approximately 25% of the slope expected from ideal space clamping. With the lower values of gNa, the slope conductance ratio is in the order of 50%. Implications of the results for an experimental voltage clamp analysis of early inward current on multifiber preparations are discussed. PMID- 7260277 TI - Interparticle effects in low-angle x-ray and neutron diffraction from chromatin. AB - Published diffraction data are critically reviewed, and replotted in a new way to show the variation with concentration of the 8- to 25- nm diffraction maximum. Most of the early data are found to be consistent with a single model for a liquid-type array of mutually repulsive particles, whose molecular weight is calculated to be that of a nucleosome or possibly a dimer. The data for all but the highest concentrations, where distortion due to dehydration is possible, support no particular model for the higher-order coiling of chains of nucleosomes, and cannot be used to support models for "native" chromatin. Only in the presence of excess salts or after isolation with polyamines is there aggregation in solution of nucleosomes, which then give peaks at 11 and 5.5 nm that do not change much with concentration. Recent work by the authors confirms that under some conditions nucleosome undergo a transition to a state whose diffraction is consistent with hexagonal packing of extended DNA to which histones are still attached. This state is probably responsible for much of the strong 2.7-nm peak previously obtained from certain samples, which was in some cases assigned to nucleosome structure. Only the peak at 3.7 nm is clearly attributable to the form factor of the isolated native nucleosome. PMID- 7260280 TI - A laser Raman spectroscopic study of Ca2+ binding to troponin C. AB - Laser Raman spectroscopy has been used detect structural changes in troponin C induced by Ca2+ binding. Addition of Ca2+ - Mg2+ sites produces perturbations in the amide III region of the spectrum indicative of increased alpha-helical content, and in regions of the spectrum corresponding to carboxylate, thiol, and phenol side chains. However, Ca2+ binding to the low affinity Ca2+ - specific sites is not detected by laser Raman spectral changes. PMID- 7260281 TI - Repair of radiation-induced DNA damage in nondividing populations of human diploid fibroblasts. AB - The occurrence of DNA repair in UV- (254 nm) and X-irradiated normal human diploid fibroblasts maintained in a quiescent, nondividing state using low serum (0.5%) medium was ascertained. Techniques that detect different steps of the excision repair process were used so that the extent of completion of repair at single sites could be determined. These included measuring the disappearance of pyrimidine dimers by chromatography, detecting repair synthesis by density gradient and autoradiographic methods and detecting the rejoining of repaired regions and repair of x-ray-induced single-strand DNA breaks using alkaline sucrose gradients. Results show that dimer excision occurs and the subsequent steps of repair synthesis and ligation are completed. About 50% of the dimers formed by exposure to 20 J/m2 is excised in the initial 24-h post-UV period. DNA repair (unscheduled DNA synthesis) can be detected through a 5-d post-UV period. The fraction of damaged sites eventually repaired is not known. X-ray-induced single-strand DNA breaks are repaired rapidly. PMID- 7260282 TI - Interactions of voltage-sensing dyes with membranes. I. Steady-state permeability behaviors induced by cyanine dyes. AB - The effects of a series of thiadicarbocyanine dyes, diSCn(5), in altering the electrical properties of lipid bilayer membranes have been studied as a function of the membrane's intrinsic surface-charge density, the aqueous ionic strength, and the length (n) of the hydrocarbon side chains on the dye. Zero-current conductances, transmembrane potentials, and conductance-voltage relationships induced by these dyes were measured. All dyes studied altered membrane permeability properties; however these alterations were much larger at lower (e.g. 10(-3) M) than at higher (e.g. 10(-1) M) ionic strengths. The data suggest that such perturbations would not be troublesome for most biological preparations in which these dyes have been studied. The mechanisms by which these dyes alter membrane permeabilities vary in going from short-chained to long-chained dyes, the former forming voltage-gated, ion-permeant pores and the latter acting predominantly as anion carriers (forming 2:1 dye-anion complexes). In the case of diSC3(5), the predominant mechanism of altering membrane permeabilities changes in going from neutral to negatively charged membranes and also depends upon aqueous ionic strength and dye concentration. PMID- 7260284 TI - Effect of librational motion on fluorescence depolarization and nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation in macromolecules and membranes. AB - The theory of fluorescent emission anisotropy [r(t)] of a cylindrical probe in a membrane suspension is developed. It is shown, independent of any model, that the limiting anisotropy [r(infinity)] is proportional to the square to the order parameter of the probe. The order parameter determines the first nontrivial term in the expansion of the equilibrium orientational distribution function of the probe in a series of Legendre polynomials. Following Kinosita, Kawato, and Ikegami, the motion of the probe is described as diffusion ("wobbling") within a cone of semiangle theta 0. Within the framework of this model, an accurate single exponential approximation for r(t) is considered. An analytic expression relating the effective relaxation time, which appears in the above approximation, to theta 0 and the diffusion coefficient for wobbling is derived. The model is generalized to the situation where the probe is attached to a macromolecule whose motion cannot be neglected on the time scale of the fluorescence experiment. Finally, by exploiting the formal similarity between the theory of fluorescence depolarization and 13C-NMR dipolar relaxation, expressions for T1, T2, and the nuclear Overhauser enhancement are derived for a protonated carbon which is nonrigidly attached to a macromolecule and undergoes librational motion described as diffusion on a spherical "cap" of semiangle theta 0. PMID- 7260285 TI - The relationship between predicted current and internal state transitions of a single-file model for ion transport across membranes. PMID- 7260287 TI - The early and late modes of DNA replication in ultraviolet irradiated Syrian hamster embryo cells. AB - The nature of DNA replication in UV irradiated Syrian hamster embryo cells (HEC) was investigated by measuring the size distribution of nascent daughter strand DNA. During the early mode nascent strands are made in smaller pieces than in nonirradiated cells. The late mode begins when nascent strands recover to normal size. This was observed in HEC 5 h post-UV. When the late mode is operational, nascent strands elongate to parental size in greater than 2 h, whereas less than 3 h are required during early mode function. Evidence from split dose experiments demonstrates that the recovery of the size of nascent strands is not due to enhanced gap filling. Furthermore, pyrimidine dimers are probably recognized differently by the replication complex during early and late mode DNA synthesis. The late mode of replication could account for the ability of HEC to survive UV irradiation even though they are inefficient in both excision and postreplication repair. PMID- 7260283 TI - Interactions of voltage-sensing dyes with membranes. II. Spectrophotometric and electrical correlates of cyanine-dye adsorption to membranes. AB - The adsorption to bilayer membranes of the thiadicarbocyanine dyes, diSCn(5), has been studied as a function of the membrane's surface-charge density, the aqueous ionic strength, and the length (n) of the hydrocarbon side chain of the dye. "Probe" measurements in planar bilayers, microelectrophoresis of liposomes, and measurement of changes in dye absorbance and fluorescence in liposomes were used to study dye adsorption to membranes. These measurements indicated that the membrane:water partition coefficient for the dye monomer increases with the length of the hydrocarbon side chain. However, the formation of large aggregates in the aqueous phase also increases with increasing chain length and ionic strength so that the actual dye adsorbing to the membrane goes through a maximum at high but not at low ionic strengths. More dye adsorbs to negatively charged than neutral membranes. Membrane-bound dye spectra were easily resolved in negatively charged liposomes where it was observed that these dyes could exist as monomers, dimers, and large aggregates. For diSC1(5) a spectral peak was observed at low but not high ionic strengths (i.e. the conditions in which this dye appears to form voltage-gated channels) corresponding to small aggregates which appeared to adsorb to the membrane. Finally, the adsorption of these dyes to membranes results in more positive electrostatic potentials composed primarily of dye-induced "boundary" potentials and somewhat less of "double-layer" potentials. PMID- 7260286 TI - Effects of cellular geometry on current flow during a propagated action potential. AB - An impulse propagating in a cell with nonuniform geometry sees an increased electrical load at regions of increasing diameter or at branch points with certain morphologies. We present here theoretical and experimental studies on the changes in membrane current and axial current associated with diameter changes. The theoretical studies were done with numerical solutions for cable equations that were generalized to include a varying diameter; the Hodgkin-Huxley equations were used to represent the membrane properties. The experimental studied were done using squid axons with the axial insertion of platinized platinum wires to create a localized region of increased electrical load. As an action potential approaches a region of increased electrical load, the action potential amplitude and rate of rise decrease, but there is a marked increase in the magnitude of the inward sodium current. The time integrals of the inward and outward currents are not constant along the fiber and indicate net inward charge movement at regions subjected to an increased electrical load. Changes in the waveform of the axial current at such a region help to explain the temperature dependence of propagation failure at regions of increasing electrical load. PMID- 7260288 TI - Current pulse-induced voltage variations in bilayer membranes. AB - A current pulse apparatus is described that can charge bilayer membranes from an external potential under conditions so that the resulting membrane voltage variations can be recorded with ~100-ns resolution. PMID- 7260289 TI - An investigation of the effect of radioactive labeling of DNA on excision repair in UV-irradiated human fibroblasts. AB - Previous studies on the kinetics of thymine dimer excision and unscheduled DNA synthesis in UV-irradiated human fibroblasts showed a significant discrepancy in these two parameters (Ehmann et al., 1978. Biophys. J. 22: 249). In the present study we have investigated the effect of the level of the radioactive isotope used for labeling cells on the kinetics of a parameter that directly measures thymine dimer excision. We find no significant differences in the kinetics of this parameter in cells lightly or heavily labeled with radioactive thymidine. PMID- 7260291 TI - Size determination of Streptococcus mutans 10499 by laser light scattering. AB - We have performed three different optical experiments to determine the mean size of the bacterial strain Streptococcus mutans 10449, a microorganism with dimensions comparable to the wavelength of the light used in our experiments. The three optical measurements give size values which are consistent with one another and favorably comparable to the consistency we found in identical measurements on a test system of polystyrene spheres of dimensions similar to the bacteria. Homodyne time correlation and power spectrum spectroscopy both depend on the coherence and monochromaticity of laser light for the determination of the mean diffusion coefficient of the scatterers. The Stokes-Einstein equation then relates the diffusion constant to the cell size. Differential light scattering relies for the interpretation of experimental data on the classical theoretical analysis of the angular distribution of scattered light from a scattering object. The three methods yield mean values for the radius of S. mutans 10499 of 0.324 +/ 0.006 mum, 0.0325 +/- 0.007 mum, and 0.315 +/- 0.009 mum, respectively. However, since intensity correlation spectroscopy provides a direct measure of polydispersity, it would appear to be the preferred single measurement technique for size determination. PMID- 7260290 TI - The standard Hodgkin-Huxley model and squid axons in reduced external Ca++ fail to accommodate to slowly rising currents. AB - Accommodation may be defined as an increase in the threshold of an excitable membrane when the membrane is subjected to a sustained subthreshold depolarizing stimulus. Some excitable membranes show accommodation in response to currents which rise linearly at a very slow rate. In this report we point out a theoretical and an experimental counterexample, i.e., a nerve model and an axon which do not accommodate. The nerve model is the standard Hodgkin-Huxley axon, which Hodgkin and Huxley expected not to be excited by a very slowly rising current. This expectation is often quoted as fact, in spite of contrary calculations which we confirm. We have found that squid axons in seawater with reduced divalent cation concentration also do not accommodate to slowly rising currents. PMID- 7260293 TI - Physical characteristics of human transferrin from small angle neutron scattering. AB - The technique of small angle neutron scattering has been used to determine the molecular shape, the volume, and the molecular weight of pooled human transferrin in an aqueous solution isotonic with blood. Analysis of the measurements assuming a spheroidal molecular shape indicates that an oblate spheroid with semi-axes of length 46.6 +/- 1.4, 46.6 +/- 1.4 and 15.8 +/- 3.8 A, and a molecular volume of (144 +/- 45) X 10(3) A3 is the best simple approximation to the shape of the transferrin molecule. The radius of gyration, Rg, determined from a Guinier plot is 30.25 +/- 0.49 A, in agreement with Rg calculated for the oblate spheroidal shape. The molecular weight is determined to be (75 +/- 5) X 10(3). The shape independent molecular volume is found to be (98 +/- 10) X 10(3) A3. The difference in the two volumes suggests that transferrin is not a uniform spheroid but may have a more complex shape. PMID- 7260292 TI - Thermodynamic constraints on kinetic proofreading in biosynthetic pathways. AB - We develop a quantitative theory of kinetic proofreading with an arbitrary number of checking steps after the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate. In particular, we investigate the relationship between the minimum dissipation of free energy required for a given error frequency in such systems. Several conclusions can be drawn from the present treatment: first, the ultimate accuracy of error correcting selective pathways is set by the displacement from equilibrium of the nucleoside triphosphates. Second, it is advantageous to achieve a desired accuracy at a small energy dissipation with several checking steps rather than a single one. This could explain antinomies in the amino acylation reaction as well as in mRNA translation, where small structural differences lead to large differences in flow rates between right and wrong substrates. Third, all checking steps should contribute equally to the accuracy, which implies a specific and symmetrical set of rate constants for the checking events on the enzyme. PMID- 7260294 TI - Photoelectric conversion by bacteriorhodopsin in charged synthetic membranes. AB - Photoelectroactivity of oriented purple membrane layers attached to an ion exchange film has been investigated. The action spectrum of the photocurrent followed the absorption spectrum of bacteriorhodopsin. The intactness of structure and function of bacteriorhodopsin was demonstrated by studies of absorption and photocycle kinetics. The direction of the photocurrent suggests that the extracellular surface of purple membrane is more positive. Photocurrents as high as 20 microA cm-2 were obtained in some preparations. The dependence of steady-state photocurrents on intensity of illumination and temperature was also studied. The initial rate of build-up of photocurrent depends linearly on the intensity of illumination while the off rate does not exhibit any dependence on the intensity of illumination. With rise in temperature an increase in the steady state photocurrent has been observed. This dependence was found to be linear when increase of the photocurrent due to proton translocation alone was considered. PMID- 7260295 TI - Simulated propagation of cardiac action potentials. AB - We have used numerical methods for solving cable equations, combined with previously published mathematical models for the membrane properties of ventricular and Purkinje cells, to simulate the propagation of cardiac action potentials along a unidimensional strand. Two types of inhomogeneities have been simulated and the results compared with experimentally observed disturbances in cardiac action potential propagation. Changes in the membrane model for regions of the strand were introduced to simulate regions of decreased excitability. Regional changes in the intercellular coupling were also studied. The results illustrate and help to explain the disturbances in propagation which have been reported to occur at regions of decreased excitability, regions with changing action potential duration, or regions with changing intercellular coupling. The propagational disturbances seen at all of these regions are discussed in terms of the changing electrical load imposed upon the propagating impulse. PMID- 7260296 TI - Analysis of adhesion of large vesicles to surfaces. AB - An experimental procedure that can be used to measure the interfacial free energy density for the adhesion of membranes of large vesicles to other surfaces is outlined and analyzed. The approach can be used for both large phospholipid bilayer vesicles and red blood cells when the membrane force resultants are dominated by isotropic tension. The large vesicle or red cell is aspirated by a micropipet with sufficient suction pressure to form a spherical segment outside the pipet. The vesicle is then brought into close proximity of the surface to be tested and, the suction pressure reduced to permit adhesion, and the new equilibrium configuration is established. The mechanical analysis of the equilibrium shape provides the interfacial free energy density for the surface affinity. With this approach, the measurable range of membrane surface affinity is 10(-4)-3 erg/cm2 for large phospholipid bilayer vesicles and 10(-2)-10 erg/cm2 for red blood cells. PMID- 7260297 TI - Digital operations can be deceptive. Squid giant axon membrane. AB - Action potentials produced by current clamp stimuli have been used to voltage clam axons, an analogue, and computers. The final currents reproduced the original stimulus except during the action potential, when fluctuations of greater than +/- 20% were found. But all of these operations were digitalized. When the original action potential from an analogue was recorded directly on magnetic tape and played back as the voltage clamp, the original stimulus was reproduced within experimental error. Five collaborators and I have shown that the digital transients can accumulate to surprising values. PMID- 7260298 TI - A calculation of the magnetic field of a nerve action potential. AB - The magnetic field outside an isolated axon is calculated using transmembrane potential data to specify the boundary conditions to a solution of Laplace's equation. It is shown that the contribution to the magnetic field from the current inside the membrane is two orders of magnitude larger than that from the external current. The contribution from current within the membrane is negligible. Comparisons are made between waveforms calculated for a crayfish lateral axon and those measured for a frog sciatic nerve. This calculation suggests that the magnetic field measured outside nerves can be used to determine their internal current without puncturing the nerve membrane. PMID- 7260299 TI - pH titrations of molluscan paramyosin at two different ionic strengths. AB - Paramyosin extracted from the adductor muscle of Mercenaria mercenaria, the chowder clam, was titrated both in 0.3 M KCl and in 1 mM KCl. Both the presumed native form of the molecule, acid-R-paramyosin, and a slightly degraded form, beta-paramyosin, were studied. Titrations of both types of paramyosin were similar in 1 mM k+, except that the native paramyosin is more highly charged at pH 3.2 than beta-paramyosin, as postulated previously (DeLaney and Krause, 1976, Macromolecules, 9:455), and that more groups titrate on the native molecule than on beta-paramyosin, both between pH 3.2 and 3.3 and between pH 3.2 and 10. Titrations in 0.30 M KCl, unlike those in 1 mM K, depended on starting pH; long term exposure to alkali solutions during dialysis, previously shown to cause partial dephosphorylation of paramyosin (Cooley et al., 1979, J. Biol. Chem., 254:2195), apparently also leads to a change in intermolecular interactions sufficient to cause changes in the titration curves in 0.30 M KCl but not in 1 mM K+. PMID- 7260301 TI - Fast sodium current in cardiac muscle. A quantitative description. AB - The voltage and time-dependence of the tetrodotoxin sensitive, fast sodium current in cardiac muscle is described with the Hodgkin-Huxley formalism using two microelectrode, voltage-clamp data obtained by Ebihara et al. (1980, J. Gen. Physiol., 75:437) from small spherical clusters of tissue-cultured 11-d-old embryonic heart cells. The data chosen from that study for quantitative analysis was obtained at 37 degrees C and in standard tissue-culture medium; it was not smoothed, and the capacitive transient was sufficiently brief to make its removal unnecessary. The sodium current, INa, is considered to be given by the following equation: INa = gNa m3h(V - VNa), where gNa is a constant (23 mS), VNa is the sodium equilibrium potential (29 mV), and m and h are independent, first order, dimensionless variables, which can vary between 0 and 1, as defined by the following differential equations, dm/dt = alpha m(1 - m) - beta mm and dh/dt = alpha h(1 - h) - beta hh, where the rate coefficients, alpha m = [0.32 x (V + 47.13)]/[1 - exp(V + 47.13)] and beta m = 0.08 x exp (-V/11). For potentials more positive than -40 mV, alpha h = 0 and beta h = 1/0.13 (exp [(V + 10.66)/ - 11.1] + 1), and for potentials more negative than -40 mV, alpha h = 0.135 x exp [(-80 - V)/6.8] and beta h = 3.56 x exp (0.079V) + 3.1 x 10(5) exp (0.35V). These functions of potential are similar to those of the squid at 15 degrees C, except that their magnitudes are larger (faster). Using these model equations the membrane current in a membrane patch with and without a series resistance was simulated. For the value of series resistance estimated for the preparation from which the analyzed data were obtained, the effects of series resistance on the shape and magnitude of the inward transient current were found to be minimal. It was concluded that their should be no large errors in the data, even in the absence of complete series resistance compensation. PMID- 7260300 TI - Slow fluorescence fluctuations following high light to low light or dark transitions in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. AB - Slow fluorescence transients in Chlamydomonas reinhardi arise after transitions from high light intensities to low light or dark conditions. Characteristics of the newly described transient phenomena include: (a) A slow biphasic decrease in fluorescence yield occurs in the dark, followed by an even slower, hour long, increase in fluorescence. (b) A similar, but faster, fluorescence yield decrease and subsequent increase also occurs during low intensity illumination periods separating high light intervals, or after transitions from high intensity to low intensity light. (c) Short (several seconds) flashes of light given during a dark period have no effect on the dark fluorescence decay, regardless of the flash frequency. Such flash regimes accurately monitor the dark decline of the M2 level by tracing the parallel decay of flash-generated P2 (Kautsky) peaks. However, flashes during a low light illumination period do influence the decay kinetics. Frequent flashes allow decay similar to that occurring in dark, but less frequent flashes inhibit the decrease in fluorescence yield. PMID- 7260302 TI - Thermodynamics of electron transfer and its coupling to vectorial processes in biological membranes. AB - A method is developed to express the flux of an electron transfer reaction as a function of the conjugate force, the redox potential difference, throughout the nonlinear region. The flux can be expressed by a product of the hyperbolic sine of the force, a factor ("redox-poising parameter") determined by the redox potentials of subsystem (in certain cases by local pH's and pK's of subsystems), and some constants. This is analogous to the expression of the flux of a diffusion process by the product of its force and the concentration of the diffusing species. The redox-poising parameter corresponds to the concentration term. The expression is applied to redox chains in which electron transfers are coupled to vectorial processes such as proton translocation or electric current. PMID- 7260304 TI - Electron diffraction from single crystals of DNA. AB - Crystals of DNA have been grown in a form suitable for study by electron diffraction and electron microscopy. Preliminary electron diffraction patterns of any type that have been obtained from single crystals of highly polymerized DNA. The patterns, obtained from frozen, hydrated crystals with the beam approximately parallel to the DNA strand axis, show a hexagonal geometrical arrangement with a (1,0) Bragg spacing of 23.1 A. PMID- 7260303 TI - Analysis of "solution effects" injury. Equations for calculating phase diagram information for the ternary systems NaCl-dimethylsulfoxide-water and NaCl glycerol-water. AB - Slowly frozen cells are said to be subject to solution effects injury. An understanding of the mechanism of solution effects injury depends upon an understanding of the compositional changes brought about in the extracellular solution during the freezing process. To facilitate analysis of the mechanisms of freezing injury during slow cooling, empirical equations have been developed which permit a description of these changes in composition for the NaCl dimethylsulfoxide-water ternary system and for the NaCl-glycerol-water ternary system. The equations describe the region of the phase diagram in which compositional changes are brought about only as a result of the precipitation of ice. The present phase diagram equations may be rearranged to give expression for composition variables such as water content, salt concentration, unfrozen fraction of the solution, etc., which may be employed in the analysis of the relationship between solution composition and solution effects injury. PMID- 7260305 TI - Incomplete inactivation of sodium currents in nonperfused squid axon. AB - Perfused squid axons in which K-conductance is blocked show, under voltage clamp, incomplete inactivation of the sodium conductance. The presence of this phenomenon in nonperfused axons was found by comparing membrane current records before and after tetrodotoxin addition to the bathing solution. Sodium currents in nonperfused axons are comparable in behavior at positive potentials to those seen in Cs-perfused axons. PMID- 7260306 TI - On the energy dissipation in a tank-treading human red blood cell. AB - The energy dissipation in the membrane (ED mem) and in the cytoplasm (ED cyt) of tank-treading human red blood cells is estimated. The tank-tread motion of the membrane occurs when the cells in a sheared suspension assume a steady-state of orientation (Fischer et al., 1978, Science [Wash. D. C.], 202:894). The kinematic data used are from red cells suspended either in a dextran-saline solution at a low hematocrit, or in plasma at a hematocrit of 45%. The viscosities of the cytoplasm and the membrane are taken from the literature. The cell in dextran was subjected to seven different shear rates. Both ED mem and ED cyt showed a strong increase with shear rate. Their ratio, however, was always of the order of 1. From this value and the value which was given by Hochmuth et al. (1979, Biophys. J., 26:101) for a shape recovery of a red cell, it is concluded that the range of ED mem/ED cyt for all possible geometries is 1-100. PMID- 7260307 TI - Molecular conformations of cerebrosides in bilayers determined by Raman spectroscopy. AB - Vibrational Raman spectra of the solid and gel phases of bovine brain cerebrosides and the component fractions, kerasin and phrenosin, provide conformational information for these glycosphingolipids in bilayer systems. The carbon-carbon stretching mode profiles (1,150-1,000 cm-1) indicate that at 22 degrees C the alkyl chains assume an almost all-trans arrangement. These spectral data, combined with those from the C-H stretching region (3,050-2,800 cm-1), show that phrenosin forms the most highly ordered polycrystalline solid and kerasin the most ordered gel phase. The conformation of the unsaturated, 24-carbon acyl chains is monitored independently by a skeletal stretching mode at 1,112 cm-1. The alkyl chains in the kerasin and phrenosin gels are sufficiently extended to allow interdigitation of the 24-carbon acyl chains across the midplane of the bilayer. The amide I vibrational mode occurs at a lower frequency in solid phrenosin than kerasin, a shift consistent with stronger hydrogen bounding. This band is broadened and shifted to higher frequencies, however, in the phrenosin gel phase. In both the solid and gel phases natural cerebroside exhibits a composite amide I mode. The disruptive effects on cerebroside chain packing and headgroup orientation arising from mixing with dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine are examined. Vibrational data for cerebroside are also compared to those for ceramide, sphingosine, and distearoyl phosphatidylcholine structures. Spectral interpretations are discussed in terms of calorimetric and X-ray structural data. PMID- 7260308 TI - Calculation on fluorescence resonance energy transfer on surfaces. AB - A general method for estimating fluorescence resonance energy transfer between distributions of donors and acceptors on surfaces is presented. Continued fraction approximants are obtained from equivalent power series expansions of the change in quantum yield in terms of the fluorescent lifetimes or the steady-state fluorescence. These approximants provide analytic equations for the analysis of energy transfer and error bounds for the approximants. Specific approximants are derived for five models of interest for membrane biochemistry: (a) an infinite plane, (b) parallel infinite planes, (c) the surface of a sphere, (d) the surfaces of concentric spheres, and (e) the surfaces of two separated spheres. Recent experimental results in the literature are analyzed with the equations obtained. PMID- 7260309 TI - Inhibition of potassium conductance with external tetraethylammonium ion in Myxicola giant axons. AB - In voltage clamp experiments, externally applied tetraethylammonium ion (TEA) was found to have minimal effects on transient sodium currents and to suppress steady state potassium currents of Myxicola giant axons by causing a specific decrease in the maximum potassium conductance gK. The dose-response curve suggests a one to-one stoichiometry for TEA-receptor binding with an apparent dissociation constant on 24 mM. The suppression of IK is essentially reversible. Experiments performed on high external potassium ion concentrations indicate that both outward and inward IK were blocked by external TEA. The results thus suggest the presence of TEA receptors on the outer surface of Myxicola axonal membrane similar to those reported in the frog node. PMID- 7260310 TI - Stoichiometry and apparent dissociation constant of the calcium-arsenazo III reaction under physiological conditions. AB - In vitro and in situ tests have been run to characterize the reaction of the mettalochromic indicator, arsenazo III, with calcium. Job plots as well as plots of indicator absorbance vs. [Ca2+] at different indicator concentrations show a 1:1 reaction stoichiometry. Equilibrium analysis and analysis using Adair's equation are also consistent with 1:1 complexes being formed and give estimates of 34 and 45 muM for the apparent dissociation constant. In situ tests were carried out using giant neurons from Archidoris monteryensis, a marine gastropod mollusc. Dye absorbance changes were measured during voltage clamp pulses which produced a fixed calcium influx. The dependence of absorbance change on total dye concentration is consistent with the formation of a 1:1 complex of Ca with ArIII if measurements are made during the initial period of the loading pulse, less than 300 ms, although the apparent dependency changes with longer delay in measurements from the onset of the pulse. PMID- 7260311 TI - The kinetics of avoidance of simulated solar UV radiation by two arthropods. AB - There is an increasing likelihood that the solar UV-B radiation (lambda = 280-320 nm) reaching the earth's surface will increase due to depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer. It is recognized that many organisms are insufficiently resistant to solar UV-B to withstand full summer sunlight and thus mechanisms which facilitate avoidance of solar UV-B exposure may have significance for the survival of sensitive species. There are many alternative pathways which would lead to avoidance of solar UV-B. We have investigated the dynamics of biological reactions to stimulated solar UV-B radiation in two small arthropods, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch and the aquatic copepod Cyclops serrulatus. Observations of positioning and rate of movement were made; a mathematical formalism was developed which assisted in interpretation of the observations. Our observations suggest that, although avoidance would mitigate increased solar UV-B effects, even organisms which specifically reduce their UV-B exposure would encounter additional stress if ozone depletion does occur. PMID- 7260312 TI - Quantum efficiency of light-driven proton extrusion in Halobacterium halobium. pH dependence. AB - The quantum yield for light-induced proton extrusion in Halobacterium halobium cells pretreated with an ATPase inhibitor was measured between pH 5 and 9 using two separate spectrophotometric techniques. The transmittance of the cell suspension was measured with a spectrometer equipped with "end-on" photomultipliers, whereas the reflectance was measured using a light-integrating sphere. The potentialities of the two techniques are critically compared. These measurements are used to evaluate the intensities of light absorbed by the cells. Since the initial rates of proton release into the extracellular medium were simultaneously measured, the quantum yield values [QY(H+)] could be determined. The results obtained with the two techniques are in reasonable agreement. QY(H+) is 0.64 at pH 5.9 and decreases gradually to 0.28 at alkaline pH values. PMID- 7260313 TI - Mechanisms of unidirectional block in cardiac tissues. AB - We used numerical solutions for cable equations representing nonuniform cardiac strands to investigate possible mechanisms of unidirectional block (UB) of action potential propagation. Because the presence of UB implies spatial asymmetry in some property along the strand, we varied membrane properties (gNa or leakage conductance), cell diameter, or intercellular resistance as functions of distance such that a propagating action potential encountered the parameter changes either gradually or abruptly. For changes in membrane properties there was very little difference in the effects on propagation for the gradual or abrupt encounter; but, for changes in cell diameter or in intercellular resistance, there were large differences leading to the production of UB over a wide range of parameter values. PMID- 7260314 TI - Surface capacity of electrically syncytial tissues. AB - An exact geometry-independent formula is derived that gives the total surface membrane capacity of an electrical syncytium in terms of its input resistance (RIN) and the phase angle (phi) of its complex admittance. The formula strips off the effects of resistance in the extracellular space and exposes the true capacity of the external surface of preparations such as skeletal muscle fibers, cardiac Purkinje fibers, or spherical cardiac aggregates. The shape, extent, and resistivity of the extracellular space may be arbitrary and need not be measured. The medium in this space may have an arbitrary and nonuniform resistivity. It is assumed that the tissue is impaled with current and voltage electrodes, so that the intracellular resistance between the electrodes and membranes is negligible or can de dealth with by theoretical calculations. Under these circumstances the total surface membrane capacity at high frequency is determined exactly by RIN and a frequency domain integral over phi. The method is tested with synthetic data for RIN and phi generated by the "disk" model of skeletal muscle fibers and the "pie" model of cardiac Purkinje fibers. The formula allows the "inversion" of these data and the deduction of the correct value of the total surface membrane capacity. PMID- 7260316 TI - Voltage oscillations in the barnacle giant muscle fiber. AB - Barnacle muscle fibers subjected to constant current stimulation produce a variety of types of oscillatory behavior when the internal medium contains the Ca++ chelator EGTA. Oscillations are abolished if Ca++ is removed from the external medium, or if the K+ conductance is blocked. Available voltage-clamp data indicate that the cell's active conductance systems are exceptionally simple. Given the complexity of barnacle fiber voltage behavior, this seems paradoxical. This paper presents an analysis of the possible modes of behavior available to a system of two noninactivating conductance mechanisms, and indicates a good correspondence to the types of behavior exhibited by barnacle fiber. The differential equations of a simple equivalent circuit for the fiber are dealt with by means of some of the mathematical techniques of nonlinear mechanics. General features of the system are (a) a propensity to produce damped or sustained oscillations over a rather broad parameter range, and (b) considerable latitude in the shape of the oscillatory potentials. It is concluded that for cells subject to changeable parameters (either from cell to cell or with time during cellular activity), a system dominated by two noninactivating conductances can exhibit varied oscillatory and bistable behavior. PMID- 7260315 TI - Coupled water transport in standing gradient models of the lateral intercellular space. AB - A standing gradient model of the lateral intercellular space is presented which includes a basement membrane of finite solute permeability. The solution to the model equations is estimated analytically using the "isotonic convection approximation" of Segel. In the case of solute pumps uniformly distributed along the length of the channel, the achievement of isotonic transport depends only on the water permeability of the cell membranes. The ability of the model to transport water against an adverse osmotic gradient is the sum of two terms: The first term is simply that for a well-stirred compartment model and reflects basement membrane solute permeability. The second term measures the added strength due to diffusion limitation within the interspace. It is observed, however, that the ability for uphill water transport due to diffusion limitation is diminished by high cell membrane water permeability. For physiologically relevant parameters, it appears that the high water permeability required for isotonic transport renders the contribution of the standing gradient relatively ineffective in transport against an osmotic gradient. Finally, when the model transports both isotonically and against a gradient, it is shown that substantial intraepithelial solute polarization effects are unavoidable. Thus, the measured epithelial water permeability will grossly underestimate the water permeability of the cell membranes. The accuracy of the analytic approximation is demonstrated by numerical solution of the complete model equations. PMID- 7260317 TI - Emission wavelength-dependent decay of the 9-anthroyloxy-fatty acid membrane probes. AB - Using the phase-modulation technique, we have measured the fluorescence decay of 2- and 12-(9-anthroyloxy)-stearic acid (2- and 12-AS) and 16-(9-anthroyloxy) palmitic acid (16-AP) bound to egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles or dissolved in nonpolar solvents. Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the decay is generally not monoexponential and exhibits large component variations across it emission spectrum. The mean decay time increases (and in parallel, the steady state polarization decreases) monotonically with increasing wavelength from values at the blue end. The decay at the red side of the emission spectrum contains an exponential term with a negative amplitude, indicating that emission occurs from intermediates created in the excited-state. This behavior is interpreted as arising from intramolecular fluorophore relaxation occurring on the time scale of the fluorescence lifetime. We believe this to be the first study of wavelength-dependent fluorescent emission which is dominated by an intramolecular relaxation process. Although the three probes exhibit qualitatively similar effects, the emission band variations are greatest for 2-AS and smallest for 16-AP. The differences among the probes are not entirely due to environmental factors as demonstrated, for example, by the emission polarization differences observed in the isotropic solvent paraffin oil. In summary, while these findings point out some of the complexities in the 9-anthroyloxy-fatty acids as membrane probes, they also indicate how these complexities might be used as a sensitive measure of lipid-probe interaction. PMID- 7260319 TI - Sarcomere distribution patterns in single cardiac cells. AB - Sarcomeres of single cardiac cells isolated either by microdissection or by enzymatic dissociation were visualized on a television screen, through the objective (63 X) of an inverted microscope and a television camera. A distinct line of the television picture was positioned on the preparation and the frequency content, corresponding to the dark and light areas of the striations was tracked by a phase-locked loop. This technique permitted the measurement of the length of successive sarcomeres and hence the sarcomere distribution pattern over the entire preparation. PMID- 7260320 TI - Excitation of squid giant axons below 0 degree C. AB - The excitation of the squid giant axon that had been perfused intra- and extracellularly with solutions containing a high concentration of glycerol could be observed below 0 degree C. The action potential could be elicited at normal strengths of electrical stimuli. The time-course of the action potential was slowed, whereas the resting potential and the amplitude of the action potential changed only slightly. The membrane current under the voltage clamp at -6.3 degrees C was about 100-fold slower than that in normal sea water at 8.7 degrees C because of the large viscosity of glycerol solutions and the low temperature. The Q10 values of the magnitude and the time-course of the membrane current were 2.3 and 1/4.0, respectively. PMID- 7260321 TI - Dependence of platelet volume measurements on heterogeneity of platelet morphology. PMID- 7260318 TI - A spectroscopic analysis of the thermally induced folding-unfolding transition of beta-trypsin. AB - Absorption and fluorescence changes were used to monitor the thermally induced folding-unfolding transition of beta-trypsin. These parameters reflect changes in the microenvironment of different subsets of the four tryptophanyl residues of this protein. The thermal transition was found to be sequential. PMID- 7260322 TI - The potential span of photoredox reactions of porphyrins and chlorophyll at the lipid bilayer-water interface. AB - Lipid bilayers containing chlorophyll (Chl) or magnesium octaethylporphyrin (MgOEP) and separating solutions containing varying amounts of differing acceptors are illuminated by a dye laser pulse (FWHM 0.3 microseconds) at 590 mm. Interfacial charge transfer is measured at the first current peak in a voltage clamp circuit. The constants describing the hyperbolic saturations of the charge transferred by differing acceptors are only weakly related to the redox potential of the acceptors. An assymetric molecule, anthraquinone-2-sulfonate, is over 20 times as effective in accepting the electron as is the symmetrical anthraquinone 2,6-disulfonate. In contrast to this variable effectiveness, the maximum amount of charge transferred as a function of acceptor redox potential is constant up to a cut-off value: -0.6 V (vs. standard hydrogen electrode) for MgOEP and -0.5 V for Chl. The reversible redox potential of MgOEP in the bilayer was determined by following both the decrease in photoactivity and the transmembrane potential as a function of aqueous redox potential. It is +0.77 V for MgOEP and approximately 0.7 V for Chl (limited by stability). Thus, a total of 1.4 V of reversible redox potential (free energy) is obtained from 1.8 eV (internal energy) of the triplet excited state of MgOEP. PMID- 7260323 TI - Apparent inhibition of photoredox reactions of magnesium octaethylporphyrin at the lipid bilayer-water interface by neutral quinones. AB - Neutral quinones rapidly equilibrate across the lipid bilayer, hereby rendering the photoeffects seen in pigmented bilayers sensitive to the redox properties at both interfaces. The lack of photoeffect by quinones themselves and their apparent quenching reactions with aqueous acceptors is thus explained. An aqueous donor is needed on one side to break the symmetry and to allow vectorial electron transfer to be recorded. It is concluded that the neutral quinone accumulates on the polar side of the interface with respect to the hydrophobic pigment. The system may allow the study of kinetics of proton transfer accompanying the redox reactions of the quinones.